"I disagree." Words that make us cringe. We have an innate desire for our worldview to be the correct one. This motivation is further exacerbated by our overconfidence in ourselves. We enter arguments thinking we are correct, but in reality, we have subconscious biases that may lead to us not being as accurate as we think we are.
Imagine that you are having an argument with a close friend about who deserves the title of the best baseball player of all time. You are adamant that the title goes to Barry Bonds, but your friend is dead set on Babe Ruth. You present your respective arguments, stating your opinions and even backing them up with the players' incredible stats. You wonder to yourself, why doesn't your friend have the same opinion as you? You figure they must be ill informed, that any logical person would choose Barry Bonds. However, you forget to take into account that your dad brought you to the Giants game on August 7, 2007, when Bonds broke the record for most career home runs (Baseball-Reference, 2017). The crowd went wild, the atmosphere was electric, and this became your favorite sports moment of all time. However, because you experienced this momentous event, you have a strong emotional connection to Bonds that tampers with your ability to objectively analyze him as a baseball player. Even though statistically, he may NOT be the best baseball player, your opinion is subconsciously swayed by your incredible experience that day at the ballpark. This highlights the basis of the cognitive error in psychology called naïve realism.
Naïve realism refers to the notion that our world view is strictly objective and veridical. We also believe that others will interpret information with this same view, and if their view differs, they must be biased or have an irrational thought process (Ross & Ward, 1996). To read about all the different psychological concepts that contribute evidence to naïve realism, click here.
The first study in support of naïve realism was conducted by Ross, Greene, & House (1977). In this study, they explained the false consensus effect, the idea that people tend to assume that the majority of others share their same views. Individuals filled out questionnaires with a series of different hypothetical situations. The situations were followed by the questions: "would you do this?" and "what percentage of people do you think would do this?" The results showed that people who answered "yes" also estimated that the majority of the population would do the action in question in the given scenario. And vice versa if they had answered "no." So people have this sense of overconfidence that others would agree with their own personal view.
It is our innate nature to believe that people have this homogeneous method of understanding their environment, but in reality, how people interpret the world is immensely variable. The process of identifying an object, situation, or environment begins with cognition. Then, the next step is interpreting these organizations of information. To do this, we integrate prior experience, knowledge, and representations into the concept at hand. This is called top-down processing. It is from this that we derive our opinions, which we then portray to the rest of the world. This process is essential because it allows us to come to conclusions about our surrounding environment relatively quick, especially if we have had similar previous experiences. However, these quick reactions sometimes lead us to be substantially biased, which can potentially lead to some problems for us, especially when approaching an argument or conflict. The act of engaging in top-down processing leaves us vulnerable to naïve realism because it can result in a biased opinion.
information. We believe we approach the situations without any previous knowledge or preconceptions affecting us, and our opponent has been influenced by their top-down processing to create bias. However, in reality, we are wrong, we are both using top-down processes! Maintaining this naïve view is unproductive to our everyday interactions and even our personal relationships. A previous blog post discusses how naïve realism can lead to the blind spot bias and being overly self-confident.
The good news is that naïve realism can be overcome. Nasie et al. (2014) conducted a study in which Israeli college students read either a passage describing the psychological basis of naïve realism, or a control group passage that was completely unrelated to naïve realism. The passage on naïve realism explained how it can negatively impact people by maintaining fixed viewpoints and rejecting other opinions. The participants then read a narrative, written by a Palestinian, about certain social issues, and were then asked about their openness to this narrative. Given the historical Israeli-Palestinian conflict, it could be assumed that there would be a lack of cross-cultural empathy between the two groups. The results showed that participants who were made aware of naïve realism reported greater openness to the ideas in the narrative than the control group. In this study, people are actually using top-down information to resolve naïve realism. Thus, it seems that top-down processing is a double-edged sword within the context of naïve realism. If we subconsciously incorporate knowledge and preconceptions, we are vulnerable to naïvety. But, if we consciously access knowledge about naïve realism, we can work to reduce the bias.
Since naïve realism is the default reaction, there is not much that you can change about your immediate view, however, your interpretations and expressions of your views are malleable. With a little effort and situational awareness, you can overcome naïve realism! The benefits of overcoming it are immense. It allows you to perceive situations and opinions in a different light, and, most importantly, it leads you to the path of increasing your feelings of empathy. Empathy is the awareness and understanding of another person's thoughts and experiences (Merriam-Webster). By putting yourself in someone else's shoes, you are able to vicariously experience what he or she sees. So the next time you think someone else's opinion is wrong, put yourself in their shoes. Try to understand their thought process. Be empathetic. Overcome naïve realism.
Robinson, R. J., Keltner, D., Ward, A., & Ross, L. (1995). Actual versus assumed differences in construal:" Naive realism" in intergroup perception and conflict. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(3), 404.
Ross, L., Greene, D., & House, P. (1977). The "false consensus effect": An egocentric bias in social perception and attribution processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13, 279-301.
Ross, L., & Ward, A. (1996). Naive realism in everyday life: Implications for social conflict and misunderstanding. In E. S. Reed, E. Turiel, T. Brown, E. S. Reed, E. Turiel, T. Brown (Eds.) , Values and knowledge (pp. 103-135). Hillsdale, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Cool! I wrote about a similar bias, the illusion of asymmetric insight, which is our tendency to believe we know other around us better than they know us. The two definitely seem to overlap in that we react to specific inputs from our environment, in this case a behavior of an individual with an opposing view, by coming to an interpretation of that behavior through the process of pattern recognition. As you mentioned, the interpretation heavily depends on how one is able to integrate the input with their prior knowledge. Therefore if we have previously stored knowledge of a person, it may inhibit our ability to think clearly about incoming information (in the form of proactive interference). How might this proactive interference effect an individual's ability to properly make judgements, and are there even ways to diminish this proactive interference/ should we try to diminish it? Obviously we cant change the way we were raised and the experiences we've had that have made us who we are and formed our beliefs, which is why I really liked you remark on simply employing empathy as a means of adjustment. I guess realistically that's all we can really do.
This was super interesting! I always thought that I was just being particularly obstinate, not just falling for a cognitive bias! Early on in your post, you mentioned the influence of top-down processing, which as we've learned in PS 232 this semester, is an important process for everything from pattern recognition to attention to memory. However, your discussion of top-down processes is limited to one paragraph. I'm interested in its role in correcting the naïve realism. How does learning about naïve realism compare to learning more about the topic that is being discussed. Might adding more knowledge (and being able to use top-down processing) make us more susceptible to understanding the views of others? Also, when someone has more expertise in the field that is being discussed, how might that affect the bias? Does it make it easier for someone to listen to the expertise's point of view?
That is a very good point! I will try to incorporate top-down processes throughout my whole blog post rather than just in that one paragraph. Addressing your first question, yes, even just the knowledge of naïve realism can lead to the reduction of bias. Nasie et al. (2014) conducted a study in which people were explained the concept of naïve realism and the possible negative effects. These participants were then less likely to engage in naïve realism. Also, I would assume that external knowledge can help reduce naïve realism. However, it is a double edged sword. Preconceptions can fuel naïve realism, but if you incorporate external knowledge of other viewpoints, then I think we would see a reduction of naïve realism. Expertise could also possibly help reduce naïve realism. To be an expert in a given field, you must take into account all knowledge and factual evidence, no matter what viewpoint it supports. However, experts may be overconfident in their own opinions due to their immense knowledge of the subject matter.
Thanks for the comment! The illusion of asymmetric insight is very similar. We definitely tend to have this overconfidence in our knowledge, thought processes, and how we interpret the world and other people. You bring up a good point about proactive interference. Previously learned knowledge may make us slightly more ignorant to a fact or point trying to be made in the present moment. We may rely to heavily on knowledge that we assumed to be true, and when an alternative opinion is presented, we may overlook it. If we let our opinions be more malleable instead of dead set in stone, I think this would help out a lot. Like you said, adjustment is key. All we can do is adjust and adapt to the changing knowledge of the world.
This is a very valuable bias to know about! I am definitely guilty of believing that I usually take the more logical and correct side of an argument; I will certainly try to keep naïve realism in mind the next time I am debating with a friend or family member.
It seems like naïve realism has some degree of overlap with confirmation bias, or the phenomenon in which one only seeks out and regards facts and opinions that validate their own beliefs. As described in the post "Why Students of Politics Should Leave the Colby Hill: The Confirmation Bias", people from all points on the political spectrum tend to believe that their own stances are the only correct ones, and some will be ready with supporting evidence to back up their claims if anyone challenges this. Thus, they feel that their opinions are strongly enhanced by data and other objective material. In a case like this, someone who has read both your post and one about confirmation bias will be able to recognize that this naïve realism arose from the person only considering the information that's in agreement with his or her opinion.
Moreover, attention (or lack thereof) would also affect one's experience with naïve realism and confirmation bias; when one pays more attention to the information that supports his or her beliefs, he/she is more likely to remember it. Conversely, a lack of attention towards confounding material means one is less likely to take this opposing information into account when forming an argument. As you mentioned in your post, naïve realism is dependent on top-down processes, which involve integrating preexisting assumptions and expectations into our cognition. So, if opposing materials are never regarded and encoded, they will not be available to be considered when we judge the validity and objectivity of our own opinions.
This post is ver interesting. It reminds me of the cognitive psychology colloquium about protecting our knowledge base from misinformation, in which the researchers found that our semantic memory, which is our knowledge about the world, is actually not as accurate and stable as we think it is. Research found that our knowledge base can be easily misled by false information. Therefore, it is important to realize we might all be victims of naive realism and be open to different perspectives.
Moreover, your stating that naive realism is automatic reminds me of automatic processes and controlled processes. While naive realism is automatic, we need to intentionally oppress it and pay attention to potential flaws in our opinions and important information in others' opinions.
Overall, this post is very useful and I have learned a lot. Thank you.


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Covid 19 coronavirus: When a worker gets virus at a managed isolation facility, who is responsible?
21 Aug, 2020 04:18 AM 6 minutes to read
Rydges Hotel in central Auckland, pictured in early August. Photo / Alex Burton
Chelsea Boyle
Chelsea Boyle is a reporter for the New Zealand Herald
There could be multiple layers of liability when an worker contracts Covid-19 at a managed isolation facility, an employment expert says.
Questions have been raised after it emerged a maintenance worker from a managed isolation facility at the Rydges Hotel in Auckland mysteriously contracted Covid-19.
Yesterday, director general of health Dr Ashley Bloomfield said the worker had used a lift "very shortly" after a Covid-positive guest, describing it as a "strong line" of investigation.
Dundas Street Employment lawyers partner Blair Scotland said while the law was not designed to "guarantee people's safety" it was about taking all reasonably practicable steps to lower risk.
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And if liability could be established in the recent case, there could be multiple parties involved, Scotland said.
There are legal obligations for anyone who controls a business or undertaking under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015, he said.
But, he added: "The law doesn't necessary provide exact specifics of how you are supposed to do that."
A key principle was that a person conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU) must ensure, so far as is "reasonably practicable", that the workplace is without risk to the health and safety of any person, he said.
In respect of the Covid-19 pandemic, that meant employers had to figure out what the reasonably practicable steps would be in their case, he said.
Employers need to keep up with what the Ministry of Health and other Government agencies were saying businesses like theirs should do to keep workers safe, he said.
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"As long as you are following the guidance that is applicable and appropriate to your working environment then you are likely meeting your requirements."
While there had not been information specifically on people using shared elevators, there was discussion about isolation and ways of contact, he said.
"There could be arguably a case for some liability," he said.
If it could be proven that the employer did not take the reasonably practicable steps and the maintenance worker had fallen sick, that would indicate a good prospect that there had been a failure, he said.
"Because presumably you could just say, well if we have people using the lifts who are likely to have Covid-19 then the reasonably practicable step is that staff do not use that lift at all or can only use it after it has been thoroughly cleaned."
It would be different if a guest had ran amok, jumping a fence, he said, or an employee had broken protocol in some way.
"The legislation doesn't require that employers guarantee the safety of all employees all the time."
That would simply be an impossible thing to do, he said.
"It would be like saying the Commissioner of Police has to ensure that all police personnel are safe all the time."
He said such an example would be if a gunman was on the loose, the police would need to lock themselves away in the police station to stay safe.
It was all about ensuring the reasonably practicable steps were taken, he said.
One of the issues with how these facilities are managed is that it is not clear who was in charge, he said.
"And if it's not clear who is in charge, then who is responsible?"
The New Zealand Defence Force, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment as wells as individual hotels all had a role in the sites, he said.
"Where does the buck stop?"
There could be multiple layers of liability in the facilities, he said.
Union concerns
Unite union industrial officer John Crocker said they had been largely kept in dark about the policies and procedures in place in such settings.
"We haven't been told what they are," Crocker said.
"Hotels are able to give us answers to specific questions but they are blocked by confidentially from releasing the specific documents to us."
Weeks of asking in vain the Government agencies for the documents had been frustrating, he said.
"It is quite problematic for us," Crocker said.
"We are concerned for our member because we can't advise them properly."
On the back of the case at the Rydges, it seemed transmission had occurred in a casual lift setting, which had only heightened their concern, he said
What are the procedures around lifts, PPE and cleaning?
Managed Isolation and Quarantine spokeswoman said all managed isolation and quarantine facilities adhere to Ministry of Health guidelines around health and wellbeing requirements.
Regular and thorough cleaning is a fundamental requirement of each facility and its staff.
Facility cleaning staff are responsible for the regular cleaning of surfaces and frequently touched items and well-handled common areas including lifts, hallways and stairwells, she said.
"Cleaning is done with hospital-grade detergents/disinfectant in order to reduce as much as possible the risk of potential transmission," the spokesperson said.
Each facility has a plan to ensure people can move around a hotel in a way that minimises and/or eliminates the potential infection risk to others, she said.
Rydges Hotel lifts are regularly cleaned, including after a new group of returnees has arrived and checked into their rooms, and after any transfers to quarantine or hospital, she said.
There is hand sanitiser in all lifts. Returnees are not able to share lifts with people from other "bubbles" or staff.
Each facility also has an infection prevention control training programme in place for staff.
This includes information on PPE use such as masks and gloves, basic hygiene practices, infection prevention and control protocols, hotel and facility procedures, and daily health checks.
Health officials brief returnees while in transit from the airport on health requirements, and hotel operations.
Returnees are briefed again when they check in.
They are asked to physically distance from one another, the spokeswoman said.
"All returnees must wear masks whenever they're outside their rooms to prevent potential transmission of Covid-19.
"They must also wear PPE if asked by staff to do so at any point while they are staying in managed isolation or quarantine."
As of August 12, all staff in all managed isolation facilities were instructed to wear masks at all times when conducting their duties, the spokeswoman said.
Auckland Regional Public Health is continuing its investigation into the Rydges Hotel case.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Back Home / Women's Health / Maternity and Childbirth / Own Your Birth Experience
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Hello. I wonder why the build process has failed?
MainFrameActions: Packaging (Android (All)): ProcessManager.KillAll: Trying to kill 0 spawned processes.
MainFrameActions: Packaging (Android (All)): RunUAT.bat ERROR: AutomationTool was unable to run successfully.
If you have already seen these posts and are still having this issue, Please let me know so that i can further investigate what may be occurring.
oh thanks. I'll look into them and make further tests.
Please be sure to let me if this issue still persists after this test. For the time being, i am going to make this issue as resolved. If you are unable to package your project, feel free to re-open this issue so that I may further investigate.


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Gratis: "The Fiftieth Session: A Retrospect" H. Wildon Carr, President (1915-1918), Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume XXIX (1928-1929)
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"The Society adopts, as its first and indispensable principle, to attach itself, as a Society, to none of the several Schools or Lines of Thought, which still, unhappily, divide the philosophical world. It is, on the contrary, its chief endeavour and boast, that adherents of any, or all the schools, as well as men who are independent of all, can and do meet as members of it on an equal footing, with equal freedom of discussion, and with equal welcome to propound their views. In no other way, the Society holds, is it possible to attain the end of philosophical discussion and study, the establishment of Philosophy as one, more and greater than individual philosophers, just as Science is one, more and greater than individual scientists."
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On April 19th 1880 at 17 Bloomsbury Square a group of five men met to discuss the establishment of a new student organisation for the serious discussion of philosophy. Far from a gathering of professional academic philosophers, the group included a British Socialist activist, a Shakespeare scholar and importantly a young chemist – Dr. Alfred Senier – whose original idea it had been, along with some of his students, to set up a philosophical society. It was decided that the group would meet fortnightly on Monday evenings, and the minutes record the group's aim of reaching a size of about 20 members, a number which was 'to include ladies'.
The stated aim of The Society was 'the systematic study of philosophy; 1st, as to its historical development; 2nd, as to its methods and problems'. As befits its beginnings, however, the activities of The Society have been marked from its earliest days by a distinctive tone of openness and inclusivity reaching beyond the limits of academic philosophy. As noted by our 11th president, H. Wildon Carr:
'The ideal of the Aristotelian Society is the study of philosophy not as an academical subject but as the story of human thinking. Throughout our history we have never wavered from this ideal. […] Our one and only condition of membership is genuine interest in philosophy, and we have never asked of candidates any other qualification than evidence of understanding its problems.'
For the first four years The Society met at 20 John Street in an area of London then known as 'Adelphi', in the borough of Westminster. Relocation after that time to rented rooms in the Royal Asiatic Society on Albemarle Street was necessitated by a somewhat dramatic episode in The Society's young life: an attempted coup by some of its members, prompted largely in reaction to the domineering style of The Society's first president Shadworth Hodgson, which saw the loss of The Society's original meeting place. The Society continued to meet at the Royal Asiatic Society until 1920, when it returned to Bloomsbury, taking rooms on Gower Street. It moved to its current location, in The Senate House, in 1995.
It was that first president, Shadworth Hodgson, who first oversaw the publication of The Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society in 1888, the 125th anniversary of which we are celebrating this year. The Proceedings began as a tentative publication of abstracts, and was intended as a complement to an arrangement with the journal Mind to publish in full a few of the best papers from each session. In 1900, however, Mind was transferred to The Mind Association and could no longer give its assurance to publish papers from The Society. The Society decided to undertake publication of the papers from its sessions itself in the version of The Proceedings that we are familiar with today. This decision almost crippled The Society financially. President Shadworth Hodgson, however, came to the rescue with a personal donation of £50 – today's equivalent of about £5,000 – which was added to smaller donations by other members and committee members of The Society. Thanks to the generosity of those founders and early members of The Society, The Proceedings survived and continues today as one of the leading journals in contemporary philosophy.
The history of The Society is bursting with a wealth of notable presidents, including Bertrand Russell, G.E. Moore, A.N. Whitehead, C.D. Broad, Susan Stebbing, Gilbert Ryle, A.J. Ayer, J.L. Austin, Karl Popper and R.M. Hare among others. Since its foundation, The Society has provided, and continues to provide, a welcoming forum for philosophers and non-philosophers alike to listen to high quality talks and to engage in philosophical discussion. President H. Wildon Carr's remark, however, made in 1911, rings as true of The Society today as it did then: the value of The Society lies not only in the interesting and thought-provoking talks, or in the prestigious publication of The Proceedings, but lies just as much in 'the personal introductions, the exchange of ideas in conversation, and informal discussions in the corridors.'
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Fitness is much more beneficial for your body than just simply creating a pleasant looking physical appearance. Fitness also promotes longevity and a better quality of life.
You need to mentally train yourself to commit to a healthier lifestyle that enables you to make certain changes in order to better take good care of yourself. The tips in this article are designed to help motivation you to start your own successful jurney to better fitness.
If you typically uses a treadmill, switch things up by going for a run around your neighborhood. Believe it or not, your body will actually experience different results from outdoor exercise than if you did the same exercise indoors.
Trying different types of exercise classes will help you to stay motivated. Try something entirely different such as Zumba or a yoga class. Keep in mind that you do not have to stick with each class if you hate it, but whether you like it or not you're burning calories, increasing stamina and, balance and your overall health.
Make yourself do exercises that you like least of all! No kidding, this can be very helpful! The thinking here is that many people avoid exercises that are the hardest for them to do. Adding those difficult exercises to your routine makes your muscles work differently which your body thrives on.
Want to get more from your workout sessions? You may be able to increase your muscle strength simply by stretching. Take a break to stretch your muscles out for about thirty seconds between each group of repetitions. Stretching has been found to improve athletic performnce (except sprinting) and your overall fitness.
Try to keep an even speed when biking. An even pace allows you to ride for a longer time and much faster without straining your knees. This even keel is much healthier than higher rpm's.
Increasing the time or intensity of your workouts once a week not only increases weight loss, but greatly increases heart healthy benefits. More exercise in a shorter time frame definitely increases weight loss.
Volunteering is a great way to stay physically active. Many volunteer jobs around you community involve physical activity. For instance, I volunteer to help clear hiking trails. It gets me outdoors, I'm moving, I'm helping my community, and I meet new people.
Leg extensions improve the tone and strength of your quadriceps muscles, a key muscle group for balance and preventing falls. Leg extensions are one of the top exercises for any age, but especially as the body ages. Most gyms have leg extension machines. The exercise involves simply extending your leg with a certain amount of resistance either standing or in a seated position.
Before you start a weight lifting program for your arms, write down the goals you want to reach. To build more muscle, simply lift heavier weights. If you want to sculpt and tone, go for more repetitions using light weights to keep existing muscle strong and to restore the muscle which we lose naturally as part of the aging process.
One of the most important aspects of a good exercise routine is that you're setting a wonderful example for friends, your partner and even your children. You're helping them to be more positive and acytive about their own fitness.
Don't bounce when you stretch. This has been proven to greatly increase the risk of injury by placing undo strain on your muscles. Although warming up and stretching are very important, and should be a regular part of everyone's exercise routine, there are many ways to stretch without bouncing such as 'dynamic' and 'static' stretching. Both are highly effective and safe. One exercise method that uses only dynamic stretch is Pilates.
You can even turn your chores into a healthy workout! For instance, you can add fitness to your cleaning routine. While picking up toys, or vacuuming or making the bed, do these chores with some leg extensions or lunges. You can even add a few push-ups.
Make sure to look at the bright side of things when it comes to your physical fitness. Keep your eyes open for new things you can do to improve your health. Add some variety to your workout - variety is not only the spice of life, it's the spice of physical fitness!
Buying yoga pants would be an endeavor lots of individuals want to achieve. The main issue is that the majority has absolutely no idea how to start. An individual might think lounging around in sweat pants is the way to prepare. Some might end up training for that, while not noticing they are on the wrong path. It would be absolutely key to understand that lounging around in sweat pants and buying yoga pants are two completely different ventures. We will review what specifically you need to do with buying yoga pants and tops..
We want to explore the quest for buying yoga pants and tops effectively. We could prepare you for a unique type of victory. Please consider several thoughts one should think of before looking to purchase yoga pants. Before buying yoga pants, you must assess and verify that purchasing yoga pants are a suitable option for you.
Does being active and fit make you happy?
Ideally, you replied favorably to these questions. Then undoubtedly buying yoga pants is the right activity for you. Congratulations for committing to that initial step forward toward achieving your ambitions by continuing to read!
The biggest oversight that anyone could make when preparing to buy yoga pants is falling short with this imperative consideration. If you choose to not consciously observe, watching their diet, it would be hard. This is how dependent buying yoga pants is about watching their diet. In case you are curious how to watch their diet, then continue exploring because we will cover that here!
Despite how much you equip to buy yoga pants, it's indisputable that doing yoga would be a requirement right out of the gate. This would be why it makes sense to practice doing yoga right now, before you get into all of the guts of what all you need to do.
An integral aspect of the discipline that is required to buy yoga pants involves watching yoga videos. When you watch yoga videos, it prepares you to exist in the best frame of mind to reach the ultimate objective of buying yoga pants.
Considering you understand that you are in the right mindset to buying yoga pants, we will explore some preliminary routines that one buying yoga pants should already be carrying out. Use that opportunity to incorporate these routines into your life because it would make training to buying yoga pants easier.
Those particular routines would make it easier for you to buy yoga pants. So if purchasing yoga pants sound daunting, contemplate starting with these routines to figure out if you can do it on a day-to-day basis. Likewise, apply a parallel thought process of completing your goal even if it seems completely unattainable. If you can productively do that, then investing one month to prepare buying yoga pants should be very worthwhile.
A Dedicated Actor who has Undergone a Lot of Body Transformations There is probably no other actor like Tom hardy who is as dedicated to changing his bodys appearance to fit the roles he undertakes. A notable few will perhaps include Christian Bale (who happens to star with him in Batman Begins, where both actors packed on some serious muscle).
Three of the roles that come to mind for Tom Hardys amazing transformation include the aforementioned Batman Begins, Warrior and Mad Max: Fury road.
In all three, he portrayed a muscle bound figure although there are slight variations to his musculature and build. Take note: Tom Hardy, in his normal weight class, isnt someone youd think as capable of bench pressing 500-lbs. or so, owing to the fact that he is only 29 and a little bit on the heavy side of slim.
Tom Hardys transformations arent as extreme as other actors but they are nonetheless amazing. The key to Tom Hardys effective transformation is his dedication to his craft to look the part and the perseverance and endurance to undergo harsh training conditions to achieve his goal.
For Warrior, Tom Hardy had to look like a legitimate MMA fighter. This meant undergoing the same training as most MMA fighters go through their entire lives. Most people wont find that impressive until you remember that Tom Hardy had to get in shape within a shorter period of time than most MMA fighters have the luxury of having.
He was subjected to a steady diet of broccoli and chicken and did nothing but workout for the months prior to filming. This resulted in a very firm body musculature with very little fat present, which ultimately convinced everyone that Tom had been fighting all his life.
For Batman Begins, Tom had to take on the role of muscle bound Bane and he needed to pack on an additional 30 pounds within 3 months to convince everyone he was the malevolent character who broke Batmans back. His diet added more calories (aside from the chicken and broccoli) and he had to undergo a more intense workout routine. This workout routine is called the 5x5 regimen. It involves a lot of heavy weights and 5 sets with 5 repetitions with only a short amount of break time.
Lastly, for Mad max: Fury Road, Tom had to take on the appearance of a grizzled warrior - not too bulky and not too ripped. This meant he had to bring his weight down nearer to his Warrior role weight and tone his muscles just enough to convince us that he can pull off the stunts he did in that film.
For all these roles, Tom had to sacrifice a lot in terms of his diet and his workout routine and for that, he should be highly respected as an actor dedicated to his craft.
When ever you are attempting to attain weight loss, you ought to keep in your mind that psychological well-being, in combination with a couple of helpful tips, will provide you the benefits you desire. There actually is no simple remedy to the issue and you really need to work very hard, in order to get the benefits you wish diet pills will also help .
A terrific idea that can assist you get rid of weight is to buy some brand-new exercise routine outfits. Once you recognize you've shelled out the funds for exercise outfits, you'll be more likely to follow through with your fat reduction objectives due to the fact that you do not wish all that hard earned cash you invested to be squandered.
The next time you really want a treat, simply get hold of a bit of chewing gum. Although chewing gum is not fulfilling, the flavor and activity of your mouth can fool your system into sensing like it is taking food.
Whenever working hard to get rid of fat, absolutely nothing is really as important as always keeping your targets in front of you. Have a pair of those substantial pants or a photograph of you on hand, and when you require the inspiration and to keep in mind why you're making an effort to shed fat, you can have some speedy cosmetic encouragement.
If you are actually making an effort to get rid of excess weight, stay clear of food items with MSG. This component prevents your mind from delivering a "satisfied" indicator to your tummy and can trigger you to consume a lot more than you initially planned to.
Enjoy your morning meal each and every day to assist you to trim down. Due to the fact that you have not had anything at all to eat since just before you went to sleep, by early morning your system has launched into a fasting setting.
Do not graze and multitask at the exact same time. If you are enjoying tv shows whilst you eat, odds are you are not giving very much consideration to just what you are placing in your mouth.
Lose body weight by using the lengthy way each and every occasion you go for a walk. If you live within walking distance of the market, you can also try walking during your errands.
Did you recognize that a healthy, drug-free way to get free of feeling down is excess weight reduction? Of course it will not come about instantly, but it will little by little go away with the additional fat that you get rid of. A reclining bike is a very good means to exercise without triggering strain to your joints.
Do not give in to the appeal to pick an item up directly from the fast food establishment down the road or your school's cafeteria. You can likewise be certain that what you are ingesting is healthy and balanced for you.


text:
Too much trust. No verification
Author: Tavleen Singh
Publication: The Indian Express
URL: http://www.indianexpress.com/news/too-much-trust.-no-verification/497017/0
Many puzzling things have been said about our relations with Pakistan since the Sharm el-Sheikh engagement. Our Finance Minister told the Lok Sabha that India's foreign policy "is embedded in our 5,000-year-old civilisation". So mysterious is this remark that it defies analysis. Official Congress Party spokesmen are easier to understand. They have said petulantly on national television that any criticism of the joint statement amounts to violating the "62-year-old consensus on foreign policy". Why should there be a consensus? And, why should something that was valid 62 years ago still be relevant? But, for me, the most puzzling remark of all came from the Prime Minister when he told the Lok Sabha that the choice was between dialogue and war. "Let me say that in the affairs of two neighbours we should recall what President Reagan once said-trust but verify. There is no other way unless we go to war."
What puzzles me is why he has not noticed that we are already at war. The attack on Mumbai was an act of war. The men who were guiding the operation from Pakistan make this absolutely clear. In the cell phone conversations between them and the ten jihadi killers in Mumbai they say two things that our intelligence agencies must have told the Prime Minister about. They order their men to "kill as many people as you can so that an atmosphere of fear lingers long afterwards". And, they say "this is only a trailer, the film has yet to begin". Did the Prime Minister ask Yousuf Raza Gilani what this means? Did he ask him if the controllers who guided the attack on Mumbai included a 'General Sahib'? Ajmal Kasab has spoken of meeting such a person. Did he ask him if it were not true that the reason why Hafiz Mohammed Sayeed could not be arrested was because as the founder of the Lashkar-e-Toiba he would have been acting on the instructions of the Pakistani army when he put together his appalling army? On the day that the Prime Minister defended engagement with Pakistan, did he notice that the Pakistani ambassador to the United Nations described Sayeed as 'an humanitarian'.
'Trust but verify.' That is what he plans to do as Ronald Reagan did when he brought the Cold War to an end. But has he noticed that before President Reagan got to this stage of his engagement with the former Soviet Union, before he ordered President Gorbachev to 'tear down this wall', he described the Soviet Union as an 'evil empire'. What I am saying is that there cannot be peace until we face the reality that we are already fighting an ugly war against an evil Islamist army whose links with the Pakistani government remain unacknowledged by Pakistan's democratically elected leaders. We need them to acknowledge that the attack on Mumbai was an act of war before we can even begin to have a meaningful dialogue.
The Prime Minister told the Lok Sabha that the reason why his whole stand on the Mumbai attack changed was because he was given a dossier by the Pakistan government that listed action taken against the men responsible for the Mumbai attack. Then, why is the founder of the Lashkar-e-Toiba a free man? Why is he being described as a humanitarian by Pakistani officials?
Dr Manmohan Singh is a decent man and like all decent men he puts more faith in trust than verification. If he concentrated a little more on the latter he might be able to understand why the Pakistanis are already using the Balochistan reference against us. Richard Holbrooke admitted last week that Balochistan had come up in his recent talks in Islamabad but no credible proof of Indian involvement had been offered. There isn't any but Pakistan would like the world to believe that India is as guilty of sponsoring terrorism as Pakistan. Why? Is this peaceable behaviour?
The mistake our trusting Prime Minister makes time and time again is that he continues to believe what happened in Mumbai was just another terrorist act. It was not. Mumbai was invaded by ten highly trained killers who were guided through their murderous mission by men who behaved like Generals in a battlefield. Every move the killers made was made after consulting their controllers in Pakistan. If we continue to delude ourselves into believing that this was just the work of jihadi terrorists then the rules of our engagement with Pakistan are based on a false premise. You cannot have dialogue in the middle of a war and we are right now in the middle of a war against evil men who have no time for peace with us infidels. We need much more verification before we can begin to trust.


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A Statement from the Circle on Civil Unrest
As the United States faces its greatest social unrest in decades, we might wonder what stance we should take as students of A Course in Miracles. This message is our attempt to address that question.
We often think that the Course has nothing to do with social issues. Yet society is merely a vast web of relationships, and what is more important in the Course than our relationships? It is through our relationships that we reach the ultimate goal of God. How, then, can it not matter that the web of relationships that is American society is apparently unraveling before our eyes?
It matters—all of it. The systemic racism and inequality that has given rise to nationwide protests matters. The police brutality that African-Americans have faced for so long matters. And the violent rioting and looting that is destroying property and lives matters.
It is not un-Course-like to take a stand on these issues. The Course says that "All of the love and care, the strong protection, the thought by day and night, the deep concern" that we typically give to our own specialness really "belongs to him"—to our brother (T-24.VII.3:2). If we actually give our brother our love, care, strong protection, and deep concern, then how can we stop ourselves from reaching to lift him up when he has fallen down?
Yet even while we take a stand, we also need to embody a higher love than is found in the leading options in our culture. The Course says that the name of Jesus "stands for love that is not of this world." We need to stand for that too. A love like that sees that the perpetrator of police violence, somewhere in his mind, carries a guilt too deep for words. It sees that those who benefit from systemic inequality, and thus seem to be on top of the world, carry a soul sickness that ultimately makes them losers, not winners. It sees, as the Course says, that "all men [are] brothers" (M-4.III.1:9). It looks at each and every person, no matter what they have done, and "sees no limit and no stain to mar [their] beautiful perfection" (M-23.5:7).
There is an example in the Course of this very idea of embracing yet also going beyond an existing humanitarian vision. In the Text, the Course speaks of "the freedoms," the Four Freedoms famously proclaimed by Franklin D. Roosevelt. These are freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear (of war). In this passage (T-7.I.5), the Course clearly approves of "the freedoms," saying that they "should be sided with" (T-7.I.5:4)
Yet it also goes a step further, for it openly disagrees with saying that we need "to fight for them" (T-7.I.5:1). This is exactly what Roosevelt did. The Freedoms were for him a central justification for entering World War II, since the dictators we fought against were seen as the greatest threat to the establishment of the Freedoms across the world.
How significant it is that the Course sides with a deeply humanitarian vision such as this. Think about that: The Course stands with an American president on his picture of a new world based on freedom. Yet how telling that it also calls us further, that it tells us to not take up arms to establish this new world. For by doing so, we compromise the very freedom that is our aim: "'the freedoms'…would indeed have been freedom if men had not chosen to fight for them" (T-7.I.5:1).
Let's not be shy, then, about standing for a humanitarian vision, for a world in which all are free to speak their minds and worship their God, in which no one lives in want and no one lives in fear. This is not a departure from the Course but an embrace of it. But at the same time, let's go further and eschew all violence, even in our words and our thoughts toward those we consider to be the culprits. Let's stand for a love that is not of this world.
Circle of Atonement Board & Staff
Mary Anne Buchowski
Bob Simpson
Mark de Bruijn
Robert Perry
Emily Bennington


The International Conference "Income, Wealth and Wellbeing in Latin America" will be organized by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in collaboration with the International Association for Research in Income and Wealth (IARIW). The event will be held from September 11th to 14th, 2013, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The conference will convene scholars and researchers from private and public institutions, who may contribute with original works to the discussion of inequality (including inequality of education and opportunities), poverty, socioeconomic mobility, the "new" middle class and well-being in Latin America. The conference will also feature sessions about income redistribution, taxes and transfers and national income measurement.


It is very obvious that every one is so ecstatic about their 21st birthday. When you turn 21, You are happy of the fact that you are eligible to do even more things legally in India but this does not really change your situations much. At this point of age you know that you have already entered in your twenties and you have a lot of expectations with yourself. Either you are a college goer or looking for a job to start your career.
This post is about my 21st birthday. I thought it would be a good idea to write about it , how things were back then and how the day went. I turned twenty one almost five years back and I was in Rourkela at that time. I was pursuing master's degree of Engineering through NIT rourkela located in State Odisha. At that time, I was new to the college, the people and the state.
Rourkela is one planned city surrounded by beautiful hills and a river Brahmani which is formed when Koel river and Sankha river meet at Vedvyas. The city has pleasant weather for most of the year, and it was quite rainy out there on my birthday in September.
My twenty first birthday was celebrated by my room mate Pranav Bhale who brought an ice cake to my surprise along with Ankit Namdev . Pranav is the local guy whose home is in Rourkela only. He is one of the most humble guy I have met in my life, very supportive and very intellectual. He is right now in Michigan US, pursuing his PHD at Western Michigan University. Ankit is in Gurugram, working in a reputed MNC earning good bucks.
Later in the day, My classmates celebrated it by cutting cake in hostel common room. The cake was all over my face and clothes. The honour was done by Raviranjan, Zeeshan Nawaz, Deepak choudhary and many more guys who later became my all time buddies in NIT Rourkela. After the painting session with cake we went to Jo's kitchen in our college and ordered dishes which gave us respite from mess food and we had one good dinner.
I know that I will never get that group of my friends again who celebrated my birthday on that particular day. That excitement, that noisy atmosphere, that carelessness among us was something that I will miss my whole life. All member of that group are now well settled in different part in our country and in other countries also.
It was a completely different time, I had not met so many people yet, who are now an important part of my life. It was 2013, Congress national party was still in power, My two bhanja and two bhanji had not even born. It was a time of riding bicycle in campus and exploring beauty of hills surrounding my college. It was a time of freedom and monthly pocket money in form of stipend.
where were you when you turned twenty one and how it went you ? what is your best memory and what do you miss most about it ?
Thank you Priya, College days were the best, How was your 21st birthday ?
21🤔…. Still an Undergrad… B'day known to close friends only just like it is now… A customary and loving call by Maa in the morning…. That is what I remember..
haha, It's kind of good when we have simple birthdays with common people every year. thanks for sharing.


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A global community dedicated to using sports as a tool to prevent youth crime and violence.
The Fight for Peace Alliance is an on-going community of practice for organisations who have all been trained in the Fight for Peace methodology and who believe in the power of combat sports, education and personal development to bring positive change to the lives of young people living in disadvantaged communities.
This global network provides a platform from which approaches to reducing youth violence, that are developed and tested at Fight for Peace Academies in Rio and London, can be codified into principle-based content and scaled globally.
Members of the Alliance are supported to further develop programming and organisational capacity, develop collaborative programming, and mobilise resources together. Meanwhile, they gain access to new Fight for Peace methodology, networking opportunities and the chance to communicate with peer organisations locally and internationally.
ALLIANCE MEMBERS RECEIVE:
Access to validated Fight for Peace methodologies, projects and materials
Values based training courses
Organisational capacity building
Programme delivery support
Access to Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning expertise and systems
Bespoke consultancies
Development of collaborative programmes
A fundraising and partnership development resource
At the heart of the Fight for Peace Alliance is the belief that by being closely interconnected, sharing knowledge and expertise and having regular interaction and exchange, all Alliance members become stronger and more effective and have an even greater impact on the young people they serve.


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Providing the Ottoville, Ohio area expert sales, repairs and customer service since 1956.


text:
Illschwang is een gemeente in de Duitse deelstaat Beieren, en maakt deel uit van het Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach.
Illschwang telt  inwoners.

Gemeente in Beieren

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


LOCATION Mordon Moor Farm is a fabulous rural smallholding located just 1.5 miles south west of Sedgefield in the south of County Durham. The property benefits from excellent access to the A1(M) being 3.1 miles to the west and also the A19(T) 8.4 miles to the east providing good commuting links to the major North East urban areas.
The farmhouse extends to over 2000 sq ft. and offers roomy accommodation throughout making it an ideal family home. The Farmhouse benefits from both a southerly aspect and fantastic views over the open countryside. Internally the property contains a wealth of period features including original beamed ceilings in most rooms and inglenook fireplaces. The property is advantaged by a LPG Gas fired and solid fuel Stanley multi-fuel burning stove heating system and double glazing throughout. The front door leads into the reception hall providing access to the living accommodation on the ground floor and the main staircase to the first floor. Leading to the left of the reception hall is the dining room with inglenook fireplace housing a wood burning stove, a second staircase to the first floor and walk through to the kitchen which is fitted with a range of wall and base units, breakfast bar and multi fuel range. From the kitchen to the rear there is a utility room with additional gas hob, and built in pantry. From the right of the reception hall is the formal lounge which has feature inglenook fireplace housing a wood burning stove. Passing through the lounge we find the cosy sitting room which has another inglenook with wood burning stove, alcove storage cupboard and door leading through to the office. Also to the rear ground floor there is a WC /laundry room which is accessed from the rear garden and provides useful storage.
To the first floor there are four good sized double bedrooms, two having beamed ceilings. The four bedrooms share two bathrooms. A staircase leads from the beamed landing to the loft space which accommodates a further large double bedroom. From the bedroom a door leads to an extremely large storage room. The potential for this area is also enormous.
The attractive two bedroom cottage is situated to the east and faces away from the farmhouse and so provides very private accommodation, comprising of entrance hall leading from which there is a spacious lounge, two double bedrooms, fitted bathroom with four piece suite and a fitted kitchen from which leads an additional external door to the front. The cottage is currently let on an Assured Short hold Tenancy.
The property is accessed from a gated track which forks to allow private access to the cottage. The farmhouse has mature gardens to three elevations which include amenity woodland complete with wooden "Ranch House", orchard with apple and plum trees, extensive lawned areas with two wells and an air raid bunker. The farmhouse garden has several outbuildings including large potting shed, greenhouse, double garage and workshop, loose box/hayshed with power supply. To the west of the property lies a 4 acre paddock which is accessed easily either directly from the loose box or garden. To the north west corner of the paddock there is a duck pond which benefits from established tree planting. The Cottage has a large lawned garden to the front with flower borders and attached single garage.
DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITY The former brick built stables to the south of the farmhouse benefit from full planning permission for conversion to a two bedroomed holiday let (Ref no: 7/2011/0077/DM). Plans of the proposed conversion are available from the sole selling agent.
SERVICES Mains electricity and water. Drainage via septic tank.


We didn't find any construction, trades & mining jobs in langwarrin, victoria.
Randstad has 357 jobs. Our top sector is Construction, Trades & Mining. Our 357 jobs available include the following types of jobs: Permanent (172), Temporary (154) and Contract (31).


The River Rats held their 5th Annual River Rats Poker Rally this Saturday. The weather stayed beautiful throughout the afternoon for the river boaters, and as a result, they had at least 90 boats- just as good, if not better than last year. All the money raised from the Poker Rally goes right back into the club, which uses the money to maintain and improve the Peace Island Park boat launch, and generally make boating better for you River Boaters in the North. They say thanks to all of the help they got, and to all of the sponsors who helped make it happen.


text:
Raflis
raflisdrs@gmail.com
mhdikhsan62@gmail.com
Redaksi Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole Gedung Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Ekasakti Jalan Veteran Dalam No.26, Padang, Sumatera Barat
Kota padang,
Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole
JILP
Published by Universitas Ekasakti
ISSN : 25810804 EISSN : 25811819 DOI : https://doi.org/10.36057
Core Subject : Humanities, Education, Art,
Arts Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media
Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole Journal provides direct open access to its content with the principle that making research freely available to the public, supporting greater global exchange of knowledge. Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole is an open access peer review peer review journal that publishes genuine articles or reviews. This journal focuses on Language, Literature and Linguistics.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Linguistik dan Bahasa
Search results for , issue " Vol 1 No 2 (2018): Jurnal Ilmiah langue and parole" : 12 Documents clear
Compound Preposition of Minangkabau Language Aditiawarman, Mac
Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole Vol 1 No 2 (2018): Jurnal Ilmiah langue and parole
Publisher : Macromac-Ind|Fakultas Sastra Universitas Ekasakti
Some Minangkabau prepositions have high ability of combining with each other, they are: (a) bak 'like', (b) cando 'like', (c) dari 'from', (d) daripado 'than', (e) dek ' because, at, by, (f) di 'at' (g) jo'with', (h) kacuali 'except', and (i) kapado 'to' (j) sampai 'until'. There are 2 categories of compound prepositions. Fisrt, some of the compound prepositions are the combination of two prepositions that have same meaning (synonym). One of the compound synonym prepositions can be deleted in their structure environment by using ellipsis technique and the deletion does not disturb the compound meaning. Second, the combination of two or more than two prepositions that have different meaning. Ellipsis cannot be applied to these compound prepositions.
The Idioms of Mentawai Language in Muntei Village Sakukuret, Agustinus
Publisher : Macromac-Ind
Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (31.767 KB)
This research is about the idioms of Mentawai language in Muntei Village. Idiom is a word or phrase whose meaning is not obvious through knowledge of individual meanings of the constituent words but must be learnt as a whole. Idiom is something that has its own meaning and we cannot guess the meaning because it needs to be learnt to understand their meaning. The writer took the data from the elder in the community by doing an interview with the informant (a man) whose age is no more than 50 years old to make sure that the informant still remembers the right word of the idioms. Technique of collecting the data of this analysis is by doing the interview to the informant first, and then writes the data down in a table accordingly to their forms. In analyzing this data, the writer uses three theories from three experts. In order to analyze the forms of the idioms used by people in Muntei Village the writer uses the theory of idioms forms from Yayat Sudaryat. In order to analyze the syntactical functions of the idioms used by people in Muntei Village the writer uses the theory of syntactical functions of idioms from Jennifer Seidl and McMordie. Meanwhile for analyzing the meaning of the idioms, the writer uses the theory of idioms meaning from Aminuddin. The result shows that there are two forms of idioms that commonly found in Muntei Village, they are the full idioms (formed in sentence) and half idioms (formed in words or phrases). The result also shows that idioms have this syntactical function that make then can be placed as the subject, object, adjectives, and adverbs in the sentence. This research also shows that the meaning of the idioms that usually found in Muntei Village can only be understood by the people if they know who are the people involved in the conversation, what is the situation where the conversation occur, and what is the intention of using the idioms.
The Influence of Marketing Statements Found in Women's Cosmetic Products to Their Mindset in Determining the Definition of Beauty Oktisyafyeni, Febi
This journal discusses about the influence of the marketing statements found in women's cosmetic products to their mindset in determining the definition of beauty. The writer takes the data from the marketing statements that happened in the commercial advertisements of four most used and commonly shown in audio visual media, such as television, which are Pond's, Citra, Shinzui, and Garnier. The Technique of collecting the data of this thesis is the observation technique which then continued by writing down the conversatios that includes the marketing statements of the commercial advertisements into a form of a transcription. The writer uses the speech-act theory by John Langshaw Austin to analyze the influence of the marketing statements which presented through the conversations in the commercial advertisements, the theory of signs by Charles William Morris to analyze the signs that showed up in the commercial advertisements, and the theory of meaning by Charles Kay Ogden and Ivor Amstrong Richards to analyze the meaning of the symbols of signs that showed up in both the conversations and the narration. The result of this study shows that in every part of those products commercial advertisements, the marketing statements always try to influence the women to believe that indeed having white/bright/light skin means beautiful.
Popova and Smirnov's Sudden Change of Hearts as Seen in Anton Chekov's The Bear Sumardi, Irwan
The study in this the drama of The Bear by Anton Chekov. This drama depicts a widow and debt collector. The problem in the drama of The Bear is on personality and character changes. This research uses observation method with note-taking technique and uses interpretation in analyzing data. For this reason, the theory of Sigmund Freuds (Id, Ego, Super-ego) is used. From the results of this study the authors found the characters of Popova and Smirrnov, in which Smirnov was actually a kind, young, beautiful, and Popova who was kind, romantic but rude. The cause of the change in Popovs character is based on his loneliness and Smirnov is based on economic needs. In Psychology Smirnovs personality who wants money (Id) and Popov want to force himself to duel with Smirnov (Ego) regardless of people in the surrounding environment, especially Luka as a helper of Popov (Super-Ego) in their quarrels and unwittingly emerge a feeling of love between Popova and Smirnov and finally they fall in love.
The Phonological Variation in Pulau Rengas - Malay Dialect at Merangin District Hilda, Anna
Phonology has many variants of study which could be uses as linguistic research, as well as regional language that exist in Indonesia. So it raises to interest of writer to research one of regional language around the neighborhood. It is Pulau Rengas dialect which used by Pulau Rengas people that stay at Pulau Rengas village at Bangko Barat subdistrict, Merangin regency in Jambi province. This is a linguistic research, using descriptive methode and library research to discuss about data in a way to processing and develop it using theories, such as phonology, morphology, word formation and language change theory. The research is about change sound and phonemes that occur at Pulau Rengas dialect compare by Indonesian language. First step of writer to research Pulau Rengas dialect is collect raw data that get from informants, then grouping it. In this research, writer discuss about changes, deletion and addition phonemes in vocabularies at initial, medial and final position. According this research, writer get formulas how the sound is changing which become something unique in Pulau Rengas dialect. The uniqueness is different way of pronounciation from the Indonesian language in the same meaning.
The Idioms of Mentawai Language Inmuntei Village Aditiawarman, Mac; Sakukuret, Agustinus
This thesis is about the idioms of Mentawai language in Muntei Village. Idiom is a word or phrase whose meaning is not obvious through knowledge of individual meanings of the constituent words but must be learnt as a whole. Idiom is something that has its own meaning and we cannot guess the meaning because it needs to be learnt to understand their meaning. The writer took the data from the elder in the community by doing an interview with the informant (a man) whose age is no more than 50 years old to make sure that the informant still remembers the right word of the idioms. Technique of collecting the data of this analysis is by doing the interview to the informant first, and then writes the data down in a table accordingly to their forms. In analyzing this data, the writer uses three theories from three experts. In order to analyze the forms of the idioms used by people in Muntei Village the writer uses the theory of idioms forms from Yayat Sudaryat. In order to analyze the syntactical functions of the idioms used by people in Muntei Village the writer uses the theory of syntactical functions of idioms from Jennifer Seidl and McMordie. Meanwhile for analyzing the meaning of the idioms, the writer uses the theory of idioms meaning from Aminuddin. The result shows that there are two forms of idioms that commonly found in Muntei Village, they are the full idioms (formed in sentence) and half idioms (formed in words or phrases). The result also shows that idioms have this syntactical function that make then can be placed as the subject, object, adjectives, and adverbs in the sentence. This research also shows that the meaning of the idioms that usually found in Muntei Village can only be understood by the people if they know who are the people involved in the conversation, what is the situation where the conversation occur, and what is the intention of using the idioms.
The Influence of Marketing Statements Found in Women's Cosmetic Products to Their Mindset in Determining the Definition of Beauty Astuti, Amelia Yuli; Oktisyafyeni, Febi
This journal discusses about the influence of the marketing statements found in women's cosmetic products to their mindset in determining the definition of beauty. The writer takes the data from the marketing statements that happened in the commercial advertisements of four most used and commonly shown in audio visual media, such as television, which are Pond's, Citra, Shinzui, and Garnier. The Technique of collecting the data of this thesis is the observation technique which then continued by writing down the conversatios that includes the marketing statements of the commercial advertisements into a form of a transcription. The writer uses the speech-act theory by John Langshaw Austin to analyze the influence of the marketing statements which presented through the conversations in the commercial advertisements, the theory of signs by Charles William Morris to analyze the signs that showed up in the commercial advertisements, and the theory of meaning by Charles Kay Ogden and Ivor Amstrong Richards to analyze the meaning of the symbols of signs that showed up in both the conversations and the narration. The result of this study shows that in every part of those products commercial advertisements, the marketing statements always try to influence the women to believe that indeed having white/bright/light skin means beautiful.
The Phonological Variation in Pulau Rengas - Malay Dialect at Merangin District Aditiawarman, Mac; Hilda, Anna
Phonology has many variants of study which could be uses as linguistic research, as well as regional language that exist in Indonesia. So it raises to interest of writer to research one of regional language around the neighborhood. It is Pulau Rengas dialect which used by Pulau Rengas people that stay at Pulau Rengas village at Bangko Barat subdistrict, Merangin regency in Jambi province. This is a linguistic research, using descriptive methode and library research to discuss about data in a way to processing and develop it using theories, such as phonology, morphology, word formation and language change theory. The research is about change sound and phonemes that occur at Pulau Rengas dialect compare by Indonesian language. First step of writer to research Pulau Rengas dialect is collect raw data that get from informants, then grouping it. In this research, writer discuss about changes, deletion and addition phonemes in vocabularies at initial, medial and final position. According this research, writer get formulas how the sound is changing which become something unique in Pulau Rengas dialect. The uniqueness is different way of pronounciation from the Indonesian language in the same meaning
Popova and Smirnov's Sudden Change of Hearts as Seen in Anton Chekov's The Bear Reni, Fetri; Sumardi, Irwan
The study in this the drama of The Bear by Anton Chekov. This drama depicts a widow and debt collector. The problem in the drama of The Bear is on personality and character changes. This research uses observation method with note-taking technique and uses interpretation in analyzing data. For this reason, the theory of Sigmund Freud's (Id, Ego, Super-ego) is used. From the results of this study the authors found the characters of Popova and Smirrnov, in which Smirnov was actually a kind, young, beautiful, and Popova who was kind, romantic but rude. The cause of the change in Popov's character is based on his loneliness and Smirnov is based on economic needs. In Psychology Smirnov's personality who wants money (Id) and Popov want to force himself to duel with Smirnov (Ego) regardless of people in the surrounding environment, especially Luka as a helper of Popov (Super-Ego) in their quarrels and unwittingly emerge a feeling of love between Popova and Smirnov and finally they fall in love.
Self Actualization in Hierarchy of Needs of a Princess as Seen in Meg Cabot's the Princess Diaries Raflis, Raflis; Oktaviane, Achreinzia
The process of self-actualization and self-esteem, especially self-confidence and self-image of the main character in the novel The Princess Diaries by Meg Cabot. This novel tells about Mia Thermopolis, the freshman student at Albert Einstein High School. Like many other teens, Mia has a problem in self-confidence because of her body posture that she thinks does not meet the standard in general. Mia is often labeled as a freak in her school. Her life problem is getting more complicated when she knows that she is a princess from a small country in Europe. Mia's problem is a picture of teenage problems in general, the lack of self-confidence and the bad self-image. But Mia learns to solve all of her life problems in a mature way and wish that she can reach her self-actualization. In this research, the writer uses descriptive research as the method of collecting the data. As for the method of analyzing the data, the writer uses structural method by understanding the novel, the character of Mia Thermopolis. Data collection technique uses qualitative technique with taking note cards in finding relevant data to the subject of analysis. In data analysis technique, the writer uses technique by interpreting data. The results of this research are: 1) Mia's self-actualization process at the end of the novel only reach the self-esteem phase. Mia is not yet fully reach her self-actualization, she often still being selfish and mostly still being emotional. 2) Mia's self-confidence at the end of the novel is increase, Mia can accept her own self and flaws. 3) Mia's self-image at the end of the novel changed. Mia learns that what is important is not the appearance but the personality inside an individual. As closing, even though this novel looks light where the story is only about teenager's life problem in general, but there are a lot of lessons that can be applied in the daily life. Maybe not every girl can be a princess in one night, but the lessons about how can we be confidence are a lot in this novel.
All Issue Vol 2 No 2 (2019): Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole Vol 2 No 3 (2018): Jurnal ilmiah Pendidikan Scholastic Vol 2 No 2 (2018): Jurnal ilmiah Pendidikan Scholastic Vol 2 No 1 (2018): Jurnal ilmiah Pendidikan Scholastic Vol 2 No 1 (2018): Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole Vol 1 No 2 (2018): Jurnal Ilmiah langue and parole Vol 1 No 3 (2017): Jurnal ilmiah Pendidikan Scholastic Vol 1 No 2 (2017): Jurnal ilmiah Pendidikan Scholastic Vol 1 No 1 (2017): Jurnal ilmiah Pendidikan Scholastic Vol 1 No 1 (2017): Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole


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UG leaps over 300 steps to soar on world rankings
Source: ug.edu.gh
With the recent release of the Webometrics Ranking, University of Ghana is ranked 16th in Africa, placing it ahead of all universities in Ghana and in West Africa.
Besides two Universities in East Africa, Nairobi and Makerere, the leading Universities that made the top positions are mainly South African and from Egypt.
On the Webometrics world rankings, University of Ghana, since January 2018 has made a gigantic leap forward of more than 300 steps to move to the 1209th position.
There are various rankings used to assess institutions of higher learning, placing them in the categories of regional, continental and global levels.
The Webometrics Ranking of World Universities which is different from The Times Higher Education rankings, is a ranking system for the world's universities based on a composite indicator that takes into account both the volume of the Web contents (number of web pages and files) and the visibility and impact of these web publications according to the number of external inlinks (site citations) they receive.
The aim of the Webometrics Ranking is to improve the presence of the academic and research institutions on the Web and to promote the open access publication of scientific results.
The Rankings started in 2004, is updated every January and July and provides Web indicators for more than 12,000 universities worldwide.
Since the University of Ghana was initially ranked 7th in Africa by The Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings, the University has continued to perform creditably on global Rankings.
The Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings is generated from five pillars. Each of these pillars represents a key area of higher education excellence - teaching (the learning environment), research (volume, income and reputation), citations (research influence), industry income (knowledge transfer), and international outlook (staff, students and research).
Congratulations to all members of the University community who continue to put in so much to ensure University of Ghana sustains its image and premier position not only in Ghana and West Africa but maintaining a forceful presence globally.
Agric Minister's statement on GMOs unprogressive – Alliance for Science Ghana
Yahya Jammeh faces arrest if he returns to Gambia - minister
Vodafone Healthline advises public against skin bleaching
Digital Terrestrial Television project nears completion, Minister reveals after meeting stakeholders
Senyo Hosi, Museveni and others billed to speak at Africa Dialogue in London
Money Diaries: Some Head Porters in Accra spend less than ¢10 a day
George Quaye is new host of Joy FM's Late Night Express
Tunisia part company with coach Alain Giresse


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neumann u87 frequency response
Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. forms: { The U-87Ai gives 6dB lower noise and 10dB more signal to noise than its predecessor. For classical recordings, the U 87 Ai is frequently used as a spot mic for soloists, e.g. Modifications apply to the electronic components of the microphone only; the capsule remains unchanged. It uses two 34mm backplates, separated by a thin aluminum spacer. Did we get anything wrong on this page? NeumannThe letter 'A' in the name indicates a more recent generation, as compared to the U 87i microphones that were built from 1967 to 1986. How can I speak about Neumann U 87's performance when this is a microphone that leaves you completely speechless once you get to hear what it sounds like? window.mc4wp = window.mc4wp || { There's also a rectangular metal piece that is attached to the grill vertically and makes sure that the three layers of mesh stay in place. Neumann U 87 Ai Multi-Pattern Condenser Microphone. The Neumann U 87 Ai is also known as: U87Ai. Download PDF, MIPA Award 2008 - U 87 Anniversary Edition. according to IEC 60268-1; CCIR-weighting acccording to CCIR 468-3, quasi peak; A-weighting according to IEC 61672-1, RMS, Jon Regen & Neumann Make Beautiful Music Together in Tel Aviv, "The bottom line is that the TLM 103 is a phenomenal microphone. The U 87 Ai is the standard microphone for speech and vocals. The amplifier circuits themselves, however, are different in the two mics. The microphone can be used very close to a sound source without the sound becoming unnaturally harsh. Once you start checking the metal head of the Neumann U 87 mic, you notice how sturdy it feels. The frequency response of the cardioid and figure-8 directio- nal characteristics are very flat for frontal sound incidence, even in the upper frequency range. A stereo pair of U 87 Ais is the preferred choice of many engineers for recording piano in virtually any genre from pop and jazz to classical music. The microphone can be used very close to a sound source without the sound becoming unnaturally harsh. The Neumann U 87 Ai is probably the best-known and most frequently used studio microphone the world over. } The ultimate studio standard all over the world. Its head amplifier, too, is based on the same design principles as its tube driven predecessor, but the U 87 Ai realizes them by means of a unique FET circuit with a minimal signal path and a transformer balanced output, ensuring maximum signal integrity and high common mode rejection. 94 dB SPL), The world's most famous studio microphone, Classic sound, instantly recognizable yet versatile, Three polar patterns: omni, cardioid, figure-8. The "U 89" on the electronics of the U 87Ai refers to the use of the DC-DC converter circuit, which is the same as that in the U 89i. What is the significance of the "U 89" legend on the U-87Ai circuit board? Powerful compact bi-amplified studio monitor with superb impulse response and resolution. Neumann U 87 is a wunderkind microphone that has set the standard for what a professional, studio-quality microphone should sound like. The Neumann U 87 Ai is a true legend. Cardioid, Omni, and Figure-8 patterns are supported. The frequency response of the cardioid and figure 8 directional characteristics are flat for frontal sound incidence, even in the upper frequency range. I love making music, and I require some good quality headphones right now. 94 dB SPL), Signal-to-noise ratio, A-weighted (re. Contrary to the cardioid pattern, the omnidirectional one makes the Neumann 87 sensitive to all the sounds in its near environment. The U 87 Ai uses the same dual diaphragm condenser capsule design as its predecessor, the no less legendary U 67 of the early 1960s. })(); Sign up for our newsletter and stay in touch with the latest audio gear news and tips: Email address: Rode M5 Review – Matched pair compact condenser mics. Jon Regen & Neumann Make Beautiful Music Together in Tel Aviv And for the times you need the microphone to pick up the sounds coming to its front and rear without picking up any side sounds, you can switch to the figure-8 pattern with the help of the pattern switch located on the chassis of the Neuman U87. With the 'A' revision, the original 3-wire K67 capsule — renamed K870/67 — was restored to the microphone. The legend continues: To this day, no professional recording studio is complete without a Neumann U 87 Ai. This allows for higher internalvoltages to be stabilized from the 48v supply, which in turn allows for better noise figures and more dynamic range. There's the -10dB attenuation switch which helps the microphone be tolerant to loud sounds with a maximum SPL of 127dB, and there's the bass rolloff switch that you can count on when you want to eliminate low frequency noises. cello. The result is a studio microphone of unmatched clarity. For 50 years! The patterns on the Neumann U87 mic would have not been possible without its special, large dual-diaphragm capsule. The [K67 and K87] capsules are acoustically identical, but the two halves of the backplate of the K87 are electrically insulated from each other. Ultimately, if you are considering spending more on a microphone that will provide you the best quality of sound there is, the one that you most definitely deserve is the Neumann U87. The sound of our 1950s tube classics recreated with trouble free FET circuitry, State-of-the-art small diaphragm condenser microphone, Small size – big sound: Neumann's most affordable large diaphragm microphone. How can there be any place left for criticism when this Neumann u87 condenser microphone is all about the warmness and transparency of your sound? When it comes to Neumann U 87's output components, you should know that they are very high-quality ones. The body has an approximate diameter of about 56 mm and it comes in both nickel and black to impress and attract us all. Each half of the capsule has a 26mm, center-terminated, gold-plated Mylar diaphragm, mounted with plastic rings onto the brass backplates. The original U 87 (1967 to 1986) used a different capsule (K87) than its predecessor, the U 67 (K67). In contrast, Neumann U87 has a frequency reaction range of 20 Hz – 20 kHz. The mic offers three pickup patterns via a switch mounted below the headbasket. The U 87 Ai is the epitome of a large diaphragm condenser microphone. Due to its balanced response in each of its three directional patterns, the U 87 Ai is also a versatile microphone for anything from acoustic guitar to drums overheads. callback: cb The result is a studio microphone of unmatched clarity. If you have decided to go on a quest all the way to the extreme high-end microphones, your time has come to bump into the big, grandiose Neumann U 87. event : evt, When the U 87Ai was introduced, the K67 was employed again, as there was no advantage perceived with using the split backplate. (for California residents only): This product can expose you to chemicals including lead, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects and other reproductive harm. This is because of the three layers of mesh that are used in order to make the metal grille. Really, there is a reason why this Neumann mic U87 is so high-end and that is its studio-quality sound. listeners: [], The Neumann U 87 Ai is probably the best-known and most frequently used studio microphone the world over. Five stars go to Neumann on this one... it's a keeper! The result is a higher sensitivity of 10dB for identical sound pressure levels, and an improved S/N ratio of 3dB. The microphone U87 looks so beautiful with its matt, semi-shiny chassis and its big head with soft edges. The U 87 Ai is addressed from the front, mar- ked with the Neumann logo. Sign up for our newsletter, like a real audiophile would: (function() { Together with the other features, the output components of the microphone Neumann U87 make sure that you can get the best out of this microphone and have your live sound perfectly processed. When it comes to Neumann U 87's output components, you should know that they are very high-quality ones. Introduced in 1967, it has shaped the sound of countless hit records for the past 50 years. Its natural sound and unique midrange presence make the U 87 Ai the ultimate vocal microphone, praised by singers and engineers alike, as well the prime choice for speech applications, such as voice over, dubbing, and audio books. U87 exploded view: photo courtesy Hansén Audio, Sweden. Furthermore, its manufacturers didn't lie when they advertised their microphone as one with some high-quality output components. The broad reach from the lower to the higher frequencies enhances the overall quality. Both your vocals and instruments will sound very clear and crisp. This, of course, makes it a pricey option, but, oh, wait for me to start reviewing it and you'll be completely mesmerized by everything that it has to offer. What sets the U 87 Ai apart is its unique combination of linearity and character.
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neumann u87 frequency response 2020


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Q: Angular 6 Dynamic Forms issue [part 2] Following recommendations from Angular 6 Dynamic Forms issue I've made my app to print one field out, but only one empty and with an error

ERROR
  Error: Cannot find control with name: 'field0'

I've placed my code here https://stackblitz.com/edit/angular-mzu1ab
I'm generating field names by indices, since the data that I fetch contains no name fields.

A: This happens because you create your form control names dynamically, but you don't really bind them to your questions.
Instead of chosing an arbitrary name like field + i, you should instead bind on a specific value.
In this stackblitz, I binded the form control names to the label, and as you can see, it works like a charm.
<input [formControlName]="question.label"

questsions.forEach((e, i) => {
  if (e.type === 'string' || e.type === 'text' || e.type === 'list') {
    group[e.label] = new FormControl(e.value, Validators.required);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange