text:
How does speciation contribute to evolution?
What is a speciation event in biology?
Is evolution and speciation same?
What is the last stage of speciation?
What is the main cause of speciation?
What can happen for speciation to begin?
Which statement is true evolution?
What defines a new species?
What is the importance of speciation?
What are the two main types of speciation?
What are at least 3 factors that can cause speciation *?
What is meant by speciation list four factors?
What produces gene flow?
What can prevent gene flow?
What is an example of gene flow?
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. ... Rapid sympatric speciation can take place through polyploidy, such as by doubling of chromosome number; the result is progeny which are immediately reproductively isolated from the parent population.
Speciation is a lineage-splitting event that produces two or more separate species. Imagine that you are looking at a tip of the tree of life that constitutes a species of fruit fly. ... That branching point, and every other branching point on the tree, is a speciation event.
Speciation is an evolutionary process by which a new species comes into being. ... Speciation can be driven by evolution, which is a process that results in the accumulation of many small genetic changes called mutations in a population over a long period of time.
The correct CORRECT answer is: "The population become adapted to different environments and eventually become so different that they cannot interbreed to produce fertile offspring."
Speciation can be driven by evolution, which is a process that results in the accumulation of many small genetic changes called mutations in a population over a long period of time. ... Natural selection can result in organisms that are more likely to survive and reproduce and may eventually lead to speciation.
Scientists think that geographic isolation is a common way for the process of speciation to begin: rivers change course, mountains rise, continents drift, organisms migrate, and what was once a continuous population is divided into two or more smaller populations.
The statement "Earth's present day species evolved from older, identical species is true about evolution". As, proposed by Darwin evolution is "descent with modification", which means that in a process of evolution species change and give rise to new species over generation.
Interbreeding is key to the biological species concept, which defines a species as members of populations that can interbreed with each other to produce viable offspring. ... Exhaustive physical analysis of a specimen is required before an organism is officially a new species.
Speciation provides a framework for classifying biodiversity on Earth and is a central concept in evolutionary biology.
Speciation occurs along two main pathways: geographic separation (allopatric speciation) and through mechanisms that occur within a shared habitat (sympatric speciation).
Factors that lead to speciation include genetic drift, natural selection, geographical isolation, mutation. Geographical isolation is not a major factor in the speciation of a self-pollinating plant species as pollination occurs between the reproductive organs of the same flower.
Four factors which lead to speciation are :
Gene flow between the populations of one species is restricted to allow them to diverge.
A component of the divergence products a complete barrier to inter-breeding called a mating isolation mechanism.
The initial barrier can be either spatial or temporal.
Gene flow is the movement of genes into or out of a population. Such movement may be due to migration of individual organisms that reproduce in their new populations, or to the movement of gametes (e.g., as a consequence of pollen transfer among plants).
Because gene flow can be facilitated by physical proximity of the populations, gene flow can be restricted by physical barriers separating the populations. Incompatible reproductive behaviors between the individuals of the populations also prevent gene flow.
Gene flow is the movement of genes from one population to another population. Examples of this include a bee carrying pollen from one flower population to another, or a caribou from one herd mating with members of another herd. ... A gene pool is the set of genes in a population.
What are the characteristics of structural linguistics?
What is the point of the old chateau in Pokemon Diamond?
What was the topic of Darwin's first published book?
What is factual information mean?
What's another word for beyond belief?
What is the meaning of Genuinity?
What is the biological model of therapy?
What was the purpose of a corporate colony?
Is Dieter a German name?
What is consciousness medical?
What is a dead person's body called?
What is considerable influence?
How long can you keep formula once made up?
Who poisoned Alan Turing?


text:
Spousal support a concern for Jersey Village, Texas, woman
On Behalf of Law Office of Nancy H. Boler | May 17, 2014 | Spousal Support
A recent article in a local paper profiled the divorce of a Jersey Village, Texas, woman and her experiences during her divorce. The woman said that her and her husband had considered divorce for years, even going through counseling where they eventually settled on postponing divorce until their daughters left for college. When the day finally came, the woman says that she felt scared and instantly went into survival mode attempting to figure out how she would afford to live apart from her husband despite having had years to prepare.
Eventually, the fear and apprehension began to fade as she made herself knowledgeable about property and finances. The woman says that with the help of both her attorney and her husband's attorney, the couple was able to divide up their assets with a minimum of drama and go their separate ways, but that isn't always the case.
According to a certified financial planner and divorce financial analyst profiled in the story, many people are misinformed about how divorce actually works in Texas. She says that people assume that they and their spouse will simple put down every account, place them all together and just split it all down the middle. She goes on to say that alimony or spousal support is very rare in Texas, although generally speaking, when it comes to dividing community property it is the lower-earning spouse who receives a larger portion.
The financial expert also advises the lower-earning member of the divorce to place greater significance on the liquid assets of the marriage. She says that while getting the money that's socked away in an individual retirement account or pension plan is good, it's not going to help you with your day-to-day expenses as you transition to a new life.
Additionally, she advises people who know that a divorce is imminent to be proactive in making copies of all their financial documents. She says that those papers have a funny way of disappearing once divorce papers are served. In another piece of advice, the expert says that it's a good idea to remove half of the money from a shared bank account and place that into a separate account under your name only. That way at least you will still have money to pay an attorney should the divorce grow contentious.
In Texas, either party may file for divorce, as this is a "no fault" state. However, that doesn't mean that the court won't consider which party filed when rendering a decision regarding alimony. That's why the decision to initiate a divorce should be considered very carefully.
Source: Houston Chronicle, "How to have a 'good' divorce" Alyson Ward, May. 13, 2014

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Presidency Sunday refuted an accusation that President Muhammadu Buhari was behind the removal of the erstwhile chairman of the Kano State All Progressives Congress, Umar Haruna Doguwa.
Presidential spokesman Malam Garba, in a statement, was reacting to the allegations by a political support group, Concerned Members of the APC in Kano State.
Shehu said at no time did the president involve himself in the internal conflict of any APC chapter in the country and would never do so.
He said Buhari would not risk his integrity to support one side against the other in the affairs the APC or any other political party anywhere in the country.
He stated: "Anybody who knows the President's principles would not believe any allegations linking Buhari to interference in the election or removal of party leaders across the country.
"I am 100 percent convinced that this group, which is being associated with the respected senator representing Kano, Dr Rabiu Musa Kwankwaso did not seek his permission or clear their script with him before they dragged the name of the President into this matter. Governor Kwankwaso knows President Buhari too well to reduce him to this level.


text:
Jeff Kyong-McClain
website / jeffkm@uidaho.edu
Idaho Asia Institute and Department of History, University of Idaho
'Saving the Nation through Culture' by Jie Gao
May 2, 2022 / Jeff Kyong-McClain
Jie Gao. Saving the Nation through Culture: The Folklore Movement in Republican China. Contemporary Chinese Studies. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2019. 364 pp., 20 b/w photos, appendices, notes, glossary, bibliography, index.
Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925), the "Father of the Republic," often lamented that the Chinese people were "a sheet of loose sand," for their supposed failure to cohere as a nation. Indeed, between the First Opium War (1839-1842) and the founding of the People's Republic of China (1949), many intellectuals, reformers, and revolutionaries in China were vexed by the apparent problem identified by Sun: how to build a modern nation-state on the rubble of traditional dynastic empires, with a people not used to the idea of national belonging? One group that manifested very high levels of enthusiasm for this nation-building project were early-twentieth century academics, who believed that introducing Western fields of study (often filtered through Japan) could serve as an antidote to what they saw as a stifling traditional Confucian education with its emphasis on hierarchies and virtue rather than fraternité and power. Happily, for the twenty-first century researcher, these intellectuals wrote a lot. In Saving the Nation through Culture, Jie Gao plumbs the extensive library of one sub-group of these intellectuals, the folklorists. As Gao puts it, the folklore movement emerged in China "as a means of providing evidence of unity and a rich, vibrant popular culture that would, they believed, rally the people around the flag in a time of great national difficulty" (3).


text:
package io.circe

import cats.Invariant
import cats.data.Validated

import scala.util.Try

/**
 * A type class that provides back and forth conversion between values of type `A`
 * and the [[Json]] format.
 *
 * Note that this type class is only intended to make instance definition more
 * convenient; it generally should not be used as a constraint.
 *
 * Instances should obey the laws defined in [[io.circe.testing.CodecLaws]].
 */
trait Codec[A] extends Decoder[A] with Encoder[A] {

  /**
   * Variant of `imap` which allows the [[Decoder]] to fail with message string.
   * @param f decode value or fail
   * @param g encode value
   * @tparam B the type of the new [[Codec]]
   * @return a codec for [[B]]
   */
  def iemap[B](f: A => Either[String, B])(g: B => A): Codec[B] = Codec.from(emap(f), contramap(g))

  /**
   * Variant of `imap` which allows the [[Decoder]] to fail with Throwable.
   * @param f decode value or fail
   * @param g encode value
   * @tparam B the type of the new [[Codec]]
   * @return a codec for [[B]]
   */
  def iemapTry[B](f: A => Try[B])(g: B => A): Codec[B] = Codec.from(emapTry(f), contramap(g))

}

object Codec extends ProductCodecs with EnumerationCodecs {
  def apply[A](implicit instance: Codec[A]): Codec[A] = instance

  implicit val codecInvariant: Invariant[Codec] = new Invariant[Codec] {
    override def imap[A, B](fa: Codec[A])(f: A => B)(g: B => A): Codec[B] = Codec.from(fa.map(f), fa.contramap(g))
  }

  final def codecForEither[A, B](leftKey: String, rightKey: String)(implicit
    decodeA: Decoder[A],
    encodeA: Encoder[A],
    decodeB: Decoder[B],
    encodeB: Encoder[B]
  ): AsObject[Either[A, B]] = new AsObject[Either[A, B]] {
    private[this] val decoder: Decoder[Either[A, B]] = Decoder.decodeEither(leftKey, rightKey)
    private[this] val encoder: Encoder.AsObject[Either[A, B]] = Encoder.encodeEither(leftKey, rightKey)
    final def apply(c: HCursor): Decoder.Result[Either[A, B]] = decoder(c)
    final def encodeObject(a: Either[A, B]): JsonObject = encoder.encodeObject(a)
  }

  final def codecForValidated[E, A](failureKey: String, successKey: String)(implicit
    decodeE: Decoder[E],
    encodeE: Encoder[E],
    decodeA: Decoder[A],
    encodeA: Encoder[A]
  ): AsObject[Validated[E, A]] = new AsObject[Validated[E, A]] {
    private[this] val decoder: Decoder[Validated[E, A]] = Decoder.decodeValidated(failureKey, successKey)
    private[this] val encoder: Encoder.AsObject[Validated[E, A]] = Encoder.encodeValidated(failureKey, successKey)
    final def apply(c: HCursor): Decoder.Result[Validated[E, A]] = decoder(c)
    final def encodeObject(a: Validated[E, A]): JsonObject = encoder.encodeObject(a)
  }

  def from[A](decodeA: Decoder[A], encodeA: Encoder[A]): Codec[A] =
    new Codec[A] {
      def apply(c: HCursor): Decoder.Result[A] = decodeA(c)
      def apply(a: A): Json = encodeA(a)
    }

  trait AsRoot[A] extends Codec[A] with Encoder.AsRoot[A]

  object AsRoot {
    def apply[A](implicit instance: AsRoot[A]): AsRoot[A] = instance
  }

  trait AsArray[A] extends AsRoot[A] with Encoder.AsArray[A]

  object AsArray {
    def apply[A](implicit instance: AsArray[A]): AsArray[A] = instance

    def from[A](decodeA: Decoder[A], encodeA: Encoder.AsArray[A]): AsArray[A] =
      new AsArray[A] {
        def apply(c: HCursor): Decoder.Result[A] = decodeA(c)
        def encodeArray(a: A): Vector[Json] = encodeA.encodeArray(a)
      }
  }

  trait AsObject[A] extends AsRoot[A] with Encoder.AsObject[A]

  object AsObject extends CodecDerivation {
    def apply[A](implicit instance: AsObject[A]): AsObject[A] = instance

    def from[A](decodeA: Decoder[A], encodeA: Encoder.AsObject[A]): AsObject[A] =
      new AsObject[A] {
        def apply(c: HCursor): Decoder.Result[A] = decodeA(c)
        def encodeObject(a: A): JsonObject = encodeA.encodeObject(a)
      }
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: In AWS Kinesis, what happens if we call GetShardIterator with a stale/expired SequenceNumber? Normally, we call GetShardIterator with the SequenceNumber of the last read record (if our previous ShardIterator is expired).
It is assumed that the SequenceNumber belongs to a valid Record that is within the retention period (i.e. default 24 hours).
But what if it is outside of the Kinesis retention period (i.e. 25 hours ago)? Then that Record/SequenceNumber would have been deleted from the stream.
Will GetShardIterator throw an exception? What kind of exception? Or will it return no records?

A: This was interesting enough to me that I tried it out.
TL;DR: it works as I expected: starting with a a sequence number that's past the trim horizon is equivalent to starting from the trim horizon.
To test, yesterday morning I posted a record on a dedicated stream:
aws kinesis put-record --stream-name test-expiration --partition-key irrelevant --data "this is a test"
{
    "ShardId": "shardId-000000000000",
    "SequenceNumber": "49616057638370363251266361760650016619879524195517857794"
}

Then I waited almost 24 hours (good thing I didn't decide to sleep in this morning), and ran a utility that I wrote to verify that the record was still on the stream:
> kinesis_reader.py test-expiration TRIM_HORIZON 1
{"SequenceNumber": "49616057638370363251266361760650016619879524195517857794", "ApproximateArrivalTimestamp": "2021-03-04T11:33:13.254000+00:00", "Data": "this is a test", "PartitionKey": "irrelevant"}

Lastly, I took the code from that utility, put it into a Jupyter Notebook, and executed it after the record hard been in the stream for more than 24 hours:

*

*Retrieve the shard iterator:
client = boto3.client('kinesis')

stream_name = "test-expiration"
shard_id = "shardId-000000000000"
sequence_number ="49616057638370363251266361760650016619879524195517857794"

resp = client.get_shard_iterator(StreamName=stream_name, ShardId=shard_id, ShardIteratorType='AT_SEQUENCE_NUMBER', StartingSequenceNumber=sequence_number)
shard_itx = resp['ShardIterator']

This returned an iterator (which I'll omit because it's a lot of opaque text). It was wondering it if would throw, but there's no documented exception corresponding to a stale iterator.

*Use this iterator to retrieve records:
client.get_records(ShardIterator=shard_itx)

{'Records': [],
 'NextShardIterator': 'AAAAAAAAAAE8Pi3/Ykdggje538B61BxObso1tCZAK4MJIGMc//IGiqJlNdUz2PgTGXhMAW3GLJIFSsaSmWW72Y2qBuwk8+WvKse0Al8DhjBNUmCdB5T/FbUa/67NeUjgSsktcke3ZiCs+rnHXFkAv08rR8egQsJCDmcHkELeEKTaa5pnlMB9kUDB+NT+yFCO7oFNaDdz4OUSH094IN0+Y/w6n5K+XTLsVvhPmM6pYdTv2xllzJJnTA==',
 'MillisBehindLatest': 44741000,
 'ResponseMetadata': {'RequestId': 'fd58bcf1-6596-0186-a5e4-a7359063274d',
  'HTTPStatusCode': 200,
  'HTTPHeaders': {'x-amzn-requestid': 'fd58bcf1-6596-0186-a5e4-a7359063274d',
   'x-amz-id-2': 'jK9tGfx5eSyi5ysHhnANVn0IvJrwWwYzbxRGTRyFnk1OgjfQ+D2KtzqfF3FXVg5wwBH0m/QBoXdwJ+cEQSeBCktkKgFWOUx5',
   'date': 'Fri, 05 Mar 2021 11:44:04 GMT',
   'content-type': 'application/x-amz-json-1.1',
   'content-length': '315'},
  'RetryAttempts': 0}}

As you can see, there are no records in the response.
Surprisingly, it only indicates that I'm 44741000 milliseconds behind the latest record, which I added this morning. I would have expected something closer to 8640000 millis (one day).
As a final experiment, I wrote a loop that would count how many times I had to read the stream to find a record that I put on the stream this morning (which was, by now, a half hour old):
count = 0

while True:
    count += 1
    resp = client.get_records(ShardIterator=shard_itx)
    print(f"{count}: {resp['MillisBehindLatest']} millis behind latest")
    if resp['Records']:
        print(resp)
        break
    shard_itx = resp['NextShardIterator']

The answer: 99 reads, with the shard iterator advancing approximately 500 seconds each time.
I'm going to keep this stream around for a while: I want to see if Kinesis will update its internal pointers so that subsequent requests return a shard iterator that's closer to the present time.
Update
I ran through this code again, approximately an hour later than the first try. When I retrieved records using the iterator, it incorrectly told me that I was 0 milliseconds behind latest. A subsequent retrieve (using the iterator from the first) reported 49915000.
Moral: don't rely on MillisBehindLatest unless you've been actively processing records.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: NSTextField set disabled text color I have a NSTextField which is enabled or disabled. I can set the textColor but this only has an effect on the color of the text while the text field is enabled.
Any ideas how to set the text color for the disabled state?
I already tried to subclass NSTextField and override the enable methods as suggested in Disable NSTextField without changing color of multi-colored text ... but that doesn't work for me. I guess because of the latest SDK supporting dark mode.

A: Simple approach is to override resignFirstResponder:
override func resignFirstResponder() -> Bool {
    //change text color here...

    return super.resignFirstResponder()
}

You can simply add your colour change code for whichever controls you like here...
As stated by Apple:
The default implementation returns true, resigning first responder status. You can override this method in your custom responders to update your object's state or perform other actions, such as removing the highlight from a selection. You can also return false, refusing to relinquish first responder status. If you override this method, you must call super (the superclass implementation) at some point in your code.


text:
Forums > BeamNG.drive > Ideas and Suggestions >
(TITLE WAS CHANGED) WIP PAINT SCRATCHES
Discussion in 'Ideas and Suggestions' started by ParadoxShiba, Jul 13, 2020.
ParadoxShiba
#21 ParadoxShiba, Jul 31, 2020
Phym
ParadoxShiba said: ↑
This is what I have been saying that none of you people understand, games like Need For Speed: Undercover have different options for damage and graphics. these can be adjusted to fit the computer's limits or be lowered to improve overall performance. Beamng can EASILY make an option to disable scratches so those particles do not affect the performance. they already have a system to lower the graphics quality for better performance, why not do the same for damage? Crap PC/laptop players can use the lowest settings to play, and high-end players like me can use the max settings. Sure people would want to try out the feature but they have to acknowledge the fact that the platform they are using to play with might not be able to run the game if paint scratches are enabled.
It' not easy to make this but ok
#22 Phym, Jul 31, 2020
If you make it graphics only, that is possible, as the graphics don't need to be nearly as fast, but for a simulator like BeamNG, you'd need actual particles, and bypassing those means treating the environment completely differently (hear "makes it slower"). There is a reason this is not in-game yet/won't be for a while, and it's not laziness.
#24 Slugfest, Jul 31, 2020
So you think that it's super easy to make scratches? Read these posts:
Slugfest said: ↑
I'm sorry to those of you who believe it can be done, but I think you're forgetting a) how advanced computers are, especially high end models, and b) just how much more power you'd need to simulate all these particles.
First of all, no mathematician in history can work with anywhere near the speed of a halfway decent computer* - even a very skilled mathematician cannot calculate 10 points' movement based off position and force vectors (these are direction and magnitude of forces, including momenta(momentum plural)) in a second, let alone thousands of points. Even if he could do thousands of points, he would then have to bring the time down from 1 second to .0005 seconds per calculation. Meanwhile, computers happily do this for hours for us.
Now, realize that to accurately depict scratches, they would have to have far more detailed coltris and real-time updating textures. File re-writing takes time.* For dirt, you're essentially simulating liquid, which requires thousands more particles. All this in such a quickly running low level part of the program means it slows down the program even if you are just skipping the code* (to address those who say "just disable it on lower PC's"). Don't forget you need real-time updating textures for this too.
Maybe if computers keep getting faster, but not yet. Give me an "I told you so" when calculators have quad-core processors and the average computer sits at 64 cores, and I will return the gesture.
*Note that throughout, I assume a mid-level computer - I understand that if you have certain types of memory, it is just as quick to access files far away from each other as it is right next to each other and that it therefore takes less time to read/write on these systems, but currently the HDD is the standard, not SSD or NGFF/M.2
Phym said: ↑
The storage is still there. You may run out of storage if you have very little storage.
Yes it would, you would need hundreds of high res textures of every car, which will take up quite a bit of processing power. And that goes back to taking up a whole lot of storage being taken up.
Ah, someone who gets it - yay!
Ahem, "modern gaming PC's" - I'd wager approximately half of BeamNG users run as low as possible settings on computer that barely (or don't) meet game requirements. Many games actually have a tiered texture system (clean, dirty 1, dirty 2, ..., dirty n) rather than accurate or even random dirt. I cannot speak to those two specific games, but I know which system I'd implement. And most of those features that were added then perfected are not like scratches, which fundamentally change the car's shape.
Again, if you have a "crap computer" (which for BeamNG is most computers), you won't have the SSD or M.2 needed to skip this much code with impunity. HDDs have to spin to get to the memory point. There is a hardware induced speed limit and this is why people have been moving to the former two.
See response to your first, as well as what Phym said, and remember that each of these particles must be calculated.
Again, hundreds of custom high res textures for every car. It's not easy.
I'm just gonna give up on this topic because everyone thinks just because its gonna take too long and not suit everyone's PC, it shouldn't be implemented.
Well, it' not like it shouldn't, it can, but it would be very hard to.
You're reasoning of, "Basically every racing game has this" is because companies like EA, Sony(gran turismo) and Microsoft(Forza) are HUGE companies, with a lot of people hired to create these games. Beamng however, simply doesn't have as many people working on the game as these major companies do. And doing that takes a lot of skilled people(not saying the beamng devs aren't).
Literally every single game in the world with cars in it that I know has paint scratches and a option to turn it off (well not all of them but most :/) and a majority of them can be played on a computer. Like I don't use a crap computer, I use a high end PC, and just because others have crap pcs and cant run them doesn't mean it shouldn't be implemented
Don't forget that those physics engines are... "designed for the end user"... far before realism, so many of these scratches are completely random within the hit area, which I don't see devs happy with.
Don't forget that these physics engines are... "designed for the end user"... far before realism, so many of these scratches are completely random within the hit area, which I don't see devs happy with.
Oops, I forgot about that XD
and now we're back to adding a few thousand more points to the sim...
Harkin Labs Gaming
I'm just gonna give up on this topic, because everyone thinks just because its gonna take too long and not suit everyone's pc
They don't have to be random
How do you propose these scratches to appear? They could fake scratches easily just like all other games, but they won't. They have less than 50 people working on the game and they strive for realism. To accurately simulate scratching while also calculating the physics is likely impossible on most modern high end computers.
#32 Harkin Labs Gaming, Jul 31, 2020
Harkin Labs Gaming said: ↑
If only someone had said that earlier...
Feel free to use this thread for further discussion.
I don't mean to say that its impossible, but we should treat it as such. Other "impossible" things have been added like traffic, but unless they have a breakthrough or miracle it probably won't happen.
Grind86
Personally, I think it's possible or will be in a few years at least. I think someone should give the devs 20,000 dollars, encourage them to go to Havard or a European Ivy League school, and give them 5 or so years to figure out how to implement it. The devs could also collaborate with other game developers.
#36 Grind86, Jul 31, 2020
TheAdmiester
Grind86 said: ↑
I think someone should give the devs 20,000 dollars, encourage them to go to Havard or a European Ivy League school
#37 TheAdmiester, Jul 31, 2020
i uSe a HiGh eND pC
#38 Zero, Jul 31, 2020
Zero said: ↑
Lol and whats bad about having a high-end pc?
he was obviously joking XD.


April 29, 2014 (Beachwood) – JFSA's client Art Exhibit and Performance Night, "Renaissance Reborn," will begin its summer long tour at the Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage. The Art Exhibit is open and free to the public May 6th through the 16th, with a Performance Night featuring JFSA clients discussing what they have learned about the Renaissance scheduled for Tuesday, May 13th at 6:00pm. The exhibit, now in its fourth year, coincides with Mental Health Awareness Month.
This year the PLAN and Ascentia art therapy groups explored a Renaissance theme for the Art Show, focusing on the flourish of growth and change during that time period. While collaborating for the show, clients learned about the art, drama, scientific inventions, architecture, fashion, and culture of the Renaissance.
PLAN is a membership organization for individuals with mental illness, cognitive disabilities, and Autism spectrum disorders, and a program of Jewish Family Service Association of Cleveland (JFSA).


text:
All Categories/
Lock Nuts/
Slotted Nuts - Plain Steel
Slotted Hex Nuts are hex nuts with slots protruding from the top, similar to castle nuts. To use a slotted nut, a hole is drilled through the threaded portion of a bolt or stud. A cotter pin is then placed through the slots and hole and deformed so it cannot easily be removed. This creates a locking effect that prevents the nut from spinning free of the bolt or stud.
Slotted nuts are similar to castle nuts but usually have a lower profile than a castle nut of the same size. Slotted hex nuts are generally preferred to castle nuts due to their lower profile. The cotter pin locks the slotted nut into place, which eliminates the need for other locking-type fasteners. This means no lock washers are needed when using a slotted nut.
Using A Slotted Hex Nut
Slide the Pre-drilled threaded fastener through the installation material
Rotate the nut onto the fastener(slotted portion away from the installation material)
Apply the appropriate torque to the nut
*If the bolt has no hole, once it is torqued properly drill a hole between two of the slots
Rotate the nut +/- 30% to align the hole with the slots in the nut
Slide the cotter pin through the slots, into the hole and out the other side
Using pliers, bend the cotter pin so that it cannot freely come out of the hole
Check the fastener assembly to ensure the cotter pin is in place
When removing the nut, bend or cut the cotter pin so it can be removed
When re-installing, use a New cotter pin
Shop Cotter Pins
What are slotted nuts used for?
Slotted nuts are used in applications where vibration or torque might unfasten the assembly. They are a kind of locknut that can be used interchangeably with castle nuts in most applications.
What is the difference between a castle nut and a slotted nut?
Functionally, both slotted and castle nuts work much the same and can be used interchangeably in most applications. The difference comes in the slot style. Castle nuts have turret geometry, which allows cotter pins fastened through the slots to be bent closer to the nut, allowing for a less protruding pin.
Why do castle and slotted nuts have slots?
The slots in castle and slotted nuts are for accepting a cotter, split, or taper pin or wire to prevent the nut from loosening. The pin, threaded through a hole at the end of a bolt and a slot in the nut, is bent around the castle or slotted nut to lock it down.
What fasteners are used to lock slotted nuts?
Traditionally, slotted nuts are locked with cotter pins or split pins. R-Clips and safety wire have also been known to be used for installing castle nuts.
What are locking nuts for?
Lock nuts are an easy to use, cost-effective solution to protecting against vibration-related loosening. They're used to protect applications from loosening over time.


A US woman posted maternity photos of herself 35 weeks pregnant to her Facebook profile, but received nasty comments from her family and friends.
Brittany Anne Dykstra, 25, posed in a shoot called The Honest Body Project, for photographer Natalie McCain.
Natalie started the project to end body-shaming.
"I'm 35 weeks pregnant, and just last week I had maternity pictures taken to celebrate this horrible, but beautiful pregnancy.
"For the first time in about 35 weeks I felt beautiful, and was so excited to share this moment with my friends and family.
"Later that day we got the sneak peak pictures back and I posted them on Facebook thinking my friends and family would think I was beautiful and would love them, however that wasn't the case.
"All I received were negative comments about how huge I am, about how unhealthy I am, and about how they think my baby is going to be a 10 to 12 pound baby by the looks of how much I weigh.
"I literally went in the bathroom and cried for hours. It's so hard being plus size, pregnant, sick, and getting negative comments about the way I look.
"Let's face it, making a human being is so hard and we deal with enough stress and body changes, we don't need or deserve strangers, societies, or others negative comments about our bodies during this time.


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Jürgen Schmidt (born 11 July 1941) is a retired German speed skater. In 1964 he won three national titles, in 5000 m, 10000 m and all-around, and was selected for the 1964 Winter Olympics, where he finished in 39th place in the 1500 m and 5000 m events.

Personal bests:
500 m – 43.6 (1964)
 1500 m – 2:14.5 (1964)
 5000 m – 8:16.3 (1964)
 10000 m – 17:04.6 (1964)

References

1941 births
German male speed skaters
Living people
Olympic speed skaters of the United Team of Germany
Speed skaters at the 1964 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters from Berlin
20th-century German people

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Set on the edge of the rainforest, at the foot of Mount Santubong, The Rainforest World Music Festival's permanent home is in the Sarawak Cultural Village. With its central lake, abundant flora, landscaped walkways and replica buildings, it is perhaps one of the most breathtaking, picturesque festival settings in the world.
During the heat of the day, the workshops took place. In the evenings, the emphasis at the Rainforest World Music Festival moved from the workshops to the concert arena where performances alternated without breaks, between the main stage and the new smaller Tree Stage to the right. Set back into the trees above the audience with two tree trunks running up the middle. It was nicknamed the Drone stage due to the proliferation this year, of European bands with reed instruments and bagpipes. Huge video screens next to the main stage and dotted around the location ensured no one missed any of the visual excitement or the music.
Audiences gathered in anticipation on the grassy slopes in front of the main stage and just as Debu were about to take to the stage, to begin the weekend of evening concerts, the heavens opened. The wise and now smug, had already secured their prime viewing spot by either purchasing a VIP ticket for the sheltered stand to the right of the stage or by returning to the Dewan Lagenda, which overlooked the concert arena, conveniently providing both shelter and easy access to refreshments and the washrooms.
Local fishermen watch Mount Santubong and they know that if the clouds descend there will be no fishing for them. They know if the weather will change for the worse. Just like the fishermen, it pays to keep an eye on the mountain and to have the VIP purchasing power of 100 RM ( £22 or $34 USD) in your pocket. The rain was as intense as standing under the shower. If this were the UK, people would be leaving in droves demanding their money back. Not so here, in the rainforest you just kick off your flip flops and wade on in. The water and the mud was certainly no deterrent to having a good time. From the vantage point of the sound stage, at the back of the arena, the audience resembled a bowl of mud wrestlers.
Whilst there was temporary respite from the rain on Saturday night, sound engineers were still struggling to put right the damage caused to the sound rig on the tree Stage from Friday's downpour and the humidity was creating havoc with artists struggling to keep their instruments in tune. Poor Braagas couldn't be as bewitching as usual and were the worse affected, but the sound was pulled back in time for the audience to enjoy the remaining half of their set.
By Sunday afternoon the clouds had descended some distance down Mount Santubong and everyone knew the rain was going to be "big". It was back on cue, just as the concerts were due to start. This time, with additional drama. Rolls of thunder gave an added dimension to the percussion coming over the speaker stacks. The stage, already flooded with multi-coloured lights, had extra illumination from above as sheet lightening simultaneously lit up the skies and surrounding tree tops, it was thrilling particularly when Pingasan'k were on stage with instruments made from this very rainforest.
If it were Saturday and had Farafina been on stage with their djembe and balafon ensemble, it would have been absolutely electrifying. Yet suddenly it all became serious, with an explosion on the sound stage followed by a short power cut in the middle of Yerboli's set. "This is why they call it the rain forest" the MC reassured the bowl of mud wrestlers, who seemingly unphazed by the elements, had actually swelled in numbers. Similarly unphazed and taking events in their stride were the hired hands and volunteers. This time deployed to bring in new sound desk, carting it under tough polythene, through wet, mud and over a number of steps and concrete obstacles. This cured the problems that had plagued the Tree stage since Saturday.
Notable performances from the weekend, came from Pingasan'k, who, despite the large main stage, stayed true to themselves and "just played their music" as if they were back in the long house. Ensemble Shanbehzadeh delivered an organic and intuitive performance, responding to the audience, offering heartfelt music and resisting the temptation to keep checking if "everyone was alright out there". Their closing number, a love song was just sublime. Carly Blain from the Monster Celidh Band deserves a mention for some thoroughly impressive fiddling and what a joy to see Farafina, a hard working touring band joined by griot singer Fatoumata Dembele who, thanks to photographer Hamid Bokhari, made it onto the front page of The New Strait Times.
Delightful discoveries came in the form of Minuit Guibolles from France celebrating their tenth anniversary at the festival, they wore their emotions on their sleeve and played out of their skins. Other highlights included Reelroad's performance, whose dance workshop also went down a storm and Galandum Galundaina from Portugal, who after enjoying success in the European World Music charts, were now captivating the crowds around the other side of the world in Malaysia. Full marks to Paul Black from the band for keeping his hurdy gurdy in tune against all odds.
Whilst the new sound desk cured the problems that had plagued the Tree stage on Saturday night something strange soundwise was happening on the main stage, throughout the weekend. Whether it was the size of the stage or attempts to appease the audience but it seemed as if every drummer was lured into giving a solo rock drum break and at times there was more electric guitar than a Dire Straits or perish the thought, a Motorhead gig. Indeed, the sound engineer had quite a penchant for turning up the bass and drum channels, to the detriment of some of the artists. Novalima, being a case in point. Having spent 36 hours flying in from Peru and creating great press interest one could assume they weren't cheap to put on as the headline Sunday night act. Such a shame therefore that the bass was way too loud in the mix and the subtleties of the interplay with the conga drums, the quijada ( donkey jaw bone) and the cajita (collection box), the backbone of their percussion and signature sound, all struggling to be heard.
At the festival launch, in front of the assembled musicians, civic dignitaries and international media, The Honorable Deputy Chief Minister of Sarawak, Dr George Chan Hong Nam, gave an address in which he drew a parallel with the World Cup. He urged people to play to their best, to give the wow factor. " I want the rainforest to respond to your music to get the rain to come" he declared. Indeed it did. As he hit the traditional Sarawak gong little did he know what was to come.
Muddy yet elated, festival revellers were showered with metal ticker tape as Sarawak's auspiciously numbered, 13th Rainforest World Music Festival, drew to a conclusion.
In a spirited finale, MC Hendrick Foh, welcomed all twenty participating acts back onto the stage for the festival's biggest jam session. Indonesian Sufi band Debu, Quebecois foot stompers De Temps Atan, Mirandan ethno music revivers Galandum Galundaina from Portugal, and funky afro – Colombian rockers Watussi received a slightly elevated level of applause as did the the two local bands, Pingasan'k and Bakih both from Sarawak. The latter featured multi award winning, sape player, Jerry Kamit, the subject of much interest at one of the festival's earlier workshops.
The loudest applause however, was reserved for one of the corporate partners, Heineken who, judging by the piles of empty cans and plastic had won over the crowds not only with their European beer but with their free offering of trademark green, blow up batons.
Having commented on some of the sound issues and the rain none of this really seemed to matter in the magical setting of the rainforest. There was a great atmosphere of joy, of pride in Sarawak, some stunning performances and great new discoveries. The mud wrestlers were certainly having the time of their lives, even linking arms to create huge circle dances of 80 or more participants, all putting to use the steps that the Bisserov Sisters had taught them in the earlier workshops.
At the end of the three day festival, people left wet but thoroughly entertained. Smiling from ear to ear and skipping to the sounds of Sister Sledge's "We are Family", vowing to keep in contact with new as well as old friends and to return to the Rainforest next year.


text:
Michigan's St John Hospital provides new treatment for GERD
US-based St John Hospital and Medical Center is providing a new alternative treatment for patients with acid reflux disease or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
The hospital is offering a new treatment with Linx System, a small and flexible band of magnets enclosed in titanium beads.
GERD is caused by a weak muscle called lower oesophageal sphincter, and will lead to serious complications such as stricture, Barrett's esophagus, and esophageal cancer.
St John Hospital surgeon Abdelkader Hawasli said: "This newest procedure for managing reflux is for select patients who are looking for a minimally invasive procedure that lets them go on a regular diet immediately after the procedure.
"The hospital is offering a new treatment with Linx System, a small and flexible band of magnets enclosed in titanium beads."
"Additionally, patients using the Linx procedure have no problems with belching, which is a common side effect of fundoplication surgery."
The FDA-approved device demonstrated positive results in a five-year trial, according to the report published in New England Journal of Medicine, noted St John Hospital.
Under the publication, the clinical trial assessed 100 patients with chronic GERD before and after treatment with the Linx System, of which 92% achieved freedom from daily GERD medication.
Noted to take less than one hour, the system will be implanted around the weak sphincter just above the stomach in a minimally invasive procedure.
According to the hospital, magnetic attraction between the beads helps keep a weak esophageal sphincter closed to prevent reflux.
St John Hospital, part of St John Providence Health System, is a 772-bed teaching hospital in Detroit, Michigan.


Some good news about what's happening in the Justice sector, I believe, is that we are not just waking up to the phenomenal abuse of power, but also to questioning the Government's fundamental power to abuse.
Foster: Hi Folks. Foster here. I want to take a few minutes today to talk about some things in the Governance Sector and give a little Justice update. In the shadow of Citizen's United, the Supreme Court case that legalized corporations giving basically unlimited money to political campaigns, we now have the recent and horrifying McCutcheon v. FEC (Federal Elections Commission). This decision basically takes the limits off individual bribes (oops! I mean campaign contributions) to individual parties, to individuals themselves, and to political PACs (Political Action Committees).
I want to unpack this a little bit because when I see the constant battling where one side says, "This is going to open the field for bribery" and the other says, "No, no, it's a free speech issue" and then other people say, "Well, corporations should be people and therefore they should have free speech", it's obviously very muddled and complex beyond what common sense would dictate, at least to me. I want to suggest it's always gone this way throughout history that when anyone is designated as being special, whether it's a pharaoh or a king or a priest or a dictator or politicians or central bankers or secret agents, they will end up working covertly to spread and protect their artificial power over others until, finally, war or revolution or economic collapse affects what's usually known as regime change. Then, that change is just the next regime.
I want to suggest that the problem is the notion of regime itself. As Stefan Molyneux says, "It's not just the abuse of power that's the problem, it's the power to abuse." When people are fighting about campaign finance reform and whether or not corporations should be able to literally take their employees' and stock holders' money and pour it into both sides or more parties in a political campaign in order to make sure that they get their way no matter who's elected, is that really the way to build a sustainable civilization? What I keep coming back to is that the notion of anyone either getting voted into or buying their way into having power over other people is so dangerous and unjust, especially in the age of suitcase sized nuclear weapons and bacterial and chemical warfare and so forth, that if we're going to make it, we have to find another way. I think that other way is ultimately transcending the whole notion of anyone ruling over anyone else.
So what do all these stories have in common? From one perspective, people are trying to use the government and the court system to stand up for their rights. Ideally, from my perspective, none of this begging for rights from authoritarian rulers or frequently co-opted courts should be necessary because no person or organization should have rights that all people don't have. I believe that any individual or corporation that is violating any person, their privacy, or their property should be prosecuted and need to provide restitution. These legislative wins that I refer to are examples of that Stage, of bringing as much integrity to our existing institutions as we can while we're transforming our society to a free one. As we learn to move into self-ownership and self-governance, where there are defensive rules to protect against aggression and fraud, hopefully we're going to look back at the obvious evidence showing government to be the most lethal concept in human history with over 200 million deaths just within our governments' own so-called jurisdiction in the 20th century alone. People who want others to rule them can set up their own special colonies for self-selected coercion, but the rest of us, following the principle of the non-initiation of force, will be free to love, to prosper, and to thrive.
That's it for now. Please follow us on Facebook and thanks for listening.


text: No documentation provided. This software is provided AS-IS.


Back to school fun worksheet tlsbooks printable coloring pages on first day of school writing idea im excited to be back at. Free printable school worksheets or on back to school printable worksheets d. Back school math literacy worksheets and activities prep numb on free printable back to school coloring sheets color print worksheets. First day of school worksheets on back to school coloring worksheet printable color of lov.


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text:
Eulogy For Our Station
When I arrived at Sheahan two weeks ago, there was no station to be seen. It was numbing to see such an iconic structure erased from this familiar location that has served a vital role in our community for close to 90 years. I also learned that our station was one of many that were destroyed.
Its absence could not eradicate the nostalgic memories, both of frustration for the hours we spent waiting for the Budd car – sometimes three to five hour waits to return us to our city homes, and the fun and up-beat times when we took advantage of the waits to chat with neighbours, friends and family. However, the most important purpose of the small building was as a refuge when conditions were poor. You only had to spend a few hours in these shelters during the dead of winter, a torrential rain storm, or the swarming black fly season to appreciate its necessity. For families with young children or aging parents, this protection was invaluable.
CPR stations dotted the landscape at various stops across Canada alongside the transcontinental line from the early 1900's. Most were designed on a cookie cutter model, a burgundy-coloured frame building, varying in size according the community it served. Larger ones were an integral part of the CPR transcontinental operation, both to keep the trains running efficiently and taping vital messages across Canada through its telegraph line.
When the CPR built the transcontinental railway in the early 1880's they positioned stops at six to ten miles apart as the map above illustrates. The stops included a number of other functions: a siding for passing on-coming trains and maintenance depots. As well, the CPR constructed stations for the stationmasters, who manned the telegraph, and bunk houses for section crews who maintained the roadbed. See for additional info.
Initially, there was no stop at Sheahan. Then, after 1890, the the lumber companies began operating in the area and they needed a stop closer to Lake Pogamasing than the original stops at Pogamasing and Spanish Forks. The lake provided easier access to the timber limits, both to supply inland camps and to bring their logs to the Spanish. Lumber companies built camps and warehouses along-side the railway.
The first stop was named "Munroe Siding" after one of the first lumber men to establish a logging operation in the Pogamasing area. There was no need to build a station as camps and other buildings were close to the rail line.
By 1917, the name changed to "Wye" which is a railway term, as the above drawing illustrates, where an engine can be turned around. CP needed such a place to return engines used to help haul loads up the Stralak hill, between the Cartier and Wye, a distance of 22.5 miles. The 'Y' could be attached to the siding already in place.
On January 3, 1929 W. B. Plaunt purchased the rights to the Pog Limit beginning a long-lasting association with the area. He built a sawmill and a variety of buildings – bunk house, barns, office, homes and a school – to support both his sawmill and the interior logging operation. The CPR built a proper station which was located on the far left on the map below. The village was on the east side of the tracks and the mill, on the western side between the railway and the Spanish. For my grandfather's family, it became a wonderful adventure to spend their summers in the village, and develop an attachment to the area that has continued to this day.
Prior to the Second World War, the railway was the only way to travel across this immense country. Consequently, passenger trains ran two or three times a day in both directions. from Wye, people of varying ages travelled to Sudbury for medical appointments, shopping and visiting family, so a station was necessary for shelter.
Once aviation travel began after the war, rail travel diminished and in the 1950's we only had a daily service along our line. Weekend guests came up on Saturday and left on Sunday. There was always a long wait at the station, now called Sheahan both to honour a Chapleau doctor and to eliminate the conflict with another CP 'Y' further north.
Sometime during the late fifties, diesel replaced the less-efficient steam engines. Passenger service was provided by the Budd Car, a self-propelled diesel two-car (baggage and passenger) vehicle. While we used the Budd for passenger travel, the way-freight transported our heavy goods (propane, gasoline and lumber)
My cousins and friends began to spend more time at the station and as a result, the station became a social centre for the teenagers on the lake. Going to meet the train became an excuse to hang-out with their friends.
However, passenger service was no longer a priority for the two national railways and Via Rail purchased the right to provide passenger service from them in 1977. The Budd carried fishermen and their families to two tourist lodges, lake residents to their camps (cottages), and the normal northern adventures on canoe trips and sight-seeing.
As I mentioned earlier, service to small communities like Sheahan was not always ideal. We literally waited hundreds, if not thousands of hours, for the train to arrive or to pick us up to return to Sudbury. And there were even longer waits for the way-freight. One time, my brother Robin waited two and a half days for the way-freight as there was no way to communicate the delay. And when it finally arrived and began unloading, it had to return to the siding at Pogamasing until the fast freight went by. In the dead of winter, I remember waiting in a dark, freezing station (at least we were protected against the howling wind) not knowing when the Budd would arrive, and being fooled a few times when a freight passed by. During the nineties more Pog residents were coming in winter and especially during March Break. However, the station's condition deteriorated. Irresponsible individuals ripped off siding to burn in the barrel stove (which was later removed). Winds removed shingles and the sun warped the rest. The station became an unattractive sight.
Finally the CP decided to burn the old building down around 2010. Reaction from local residents was swift. Howls of protest got the CP to reconsider and they built this new station, a much smaller, 8 x 12 version.
Although not up to the former Railway standard, the rebuilt station provided shelter against the elements. Thus, the destruction of this second building last month was a cruel ending for the stop that had been the busiest passenger destination of the Budd Car between Sudbury and Chapleau for the past six decades.
Now, there is no station and the CP has given no reason for its wanton destruction. Some suggested it was due to liability concerns, while others said the CP wanted to dispose the right-of-way from unwanted and unsightly structures: one burned, the other buried.
To those who relied on the station it seems just plain, mean-spirited. Some respect for the customers who used this transportation service through the decades would have been appreciated.
And for the CP executive who made the decision to destroy our station we've kept a chair just for you. Now you can find out what it will be like during the on-coming bug season, spring rains, summer heat waves and winter snow storms. Maybe you'll reconsider your decision and re-build a new one. Like the traditional, classy ones that demonstrated that CP really cared about its clients.


In parts of Asia, where animal transport often happens quickly through unregulated and remote border areas, animal diseases are especially difficult to control.
Because of this, and because livestock play a major role in economic growth in the region, it is important to address animal diseases that have the potential to impact livelihoods throughout Central, Southern and Western Asia.
That's the message this week from the FAO, which is hosting a meeting on transboundary animal diseases on 27–28 June in Istanbul.
Attending the meeting are chief veterinary officers and other experts from the governments of Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. FAO in Afghanistan is hosting this meeting as part of an ongoing series of regional meetings on animal health issues, all funded by the Government of Japan. It is the second multilateral meeting on transboundary animal diseases in the Central/Southern/Western Asia region.
FAO and its partners recognize that today is a critical time to address transboundary animal diseases, and this unique multilateral meeting is a sign of strong regional commitment to this issue.
Diseases like foot-and-mouth disease, which affects cattle, and peste des petits ruminants (pest of small ruminants), which affects sheep and goats, are extremely prevalent in Central, Southern and Western Asia. When they strike, they can have devastating impacts on peoples' lives and national economies. If peste des petits ruminants isn't controlled quickly in such places, for example, it can easily wipe out a small-scale pastoralists' flock of sheep, causing food insufficiency and forcing already poor families deeper into poverty.
Conversely, if managed well, the livestock sector plays a decisive role in the economic growth of countries. In Pakistan, for example, livestock contribute 11 percent to the agricultural gross domestic product (GDP), largely through milk production. FAO also estimates that agriculture accounts for 25 percent of the GDP in Tajikistan and almost 18 percent in Uzbekistan. Healthier livestock – achieved through smarter rearing practices, sustainable feeding techniques, and simple preventative disease control – would further increase livestock's contribution to GDPs and provide improved food security for millions more people.
Shichiri is the meeting's keynote speaker.
This two-day multilateral meeting has been organized jointly by the FAO Representations in Turkey and Afghanistan, in close collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock of the Government of Afghanistan. The meeting is additionally supported by the veterinary organizations of the governments of Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. It is part of a wider effort that FAO is supporting globally to improve the prevention of transboundary animal and animal-related human diseases.