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WWII Through an Army Surgeon's Eyes
Paul Kennedy was a front-line surgeon in North Africa, Italy, France, and Germany. He kept a diary and took photographs, a vivid record of life-saving amid a world of carnage.
Paul A. Kennedy
Updated Jul. 12, 2017 7:39PM ET / Published Jun. 06, 2016 12:25PM ET
The Second Auxiliary Surgical Group arrived in Northern Africa shortly behind the invading force of Operation Torch during World War II. They were a group of surgical teams without nurses and without a headquarters, and therefore without consistent direction or organization. Paul A. Kennedy, M.D., a surgeon in a mobile general surgical team, was by turns amazed, baffled, and bemused by war. Like most of the men with whom he crossed the Atlantic, Kennedy's knowledge of the world was limited.
Kennedy eventually spent almost three years in North Africa, Italy, France, and Germany during World War II, performing hundreds of surgical procedures on soldiers so desperately wounded that they could not survive evacuation to hospitals further in the rear. From the beginning of 1944 until the end of the war, he kept a medical journal in which he meticulously recorded and illustrated 355 of these cases. He also kept a personal diary and took more than 1,500 photographs, most of which had been developed and carefully labeled, but never printed
Like so many veterans, Paul A. Kennedy never spoke of his experiences in World War II. After his father's death, Christopher Kennedy discovered his father's personal and surgical diaries and photographs from his service during the war. Together, they comprise Battlefield Surgeon: Life and Death on the Front Lines of World War II—a living history of the experience of a member of the United States Army Medical Corps in World War II.
Kennedy's personal entries, clinical cases, illustrations, and photos capture the homesickness, boredom, loneliness, fatigue, and sometimes, fear, of the North African and European theatres of the war. His life was characterized by the constant movement that working in field hospitals demanded—to provide rapid surgical care, the unit had to keep pace with the front. The "hospital" included a headquarters and three platoons that could work independently. Each one hundred-bed platoon had its own designated staff and transportation for men who were severely wounded. The newly created concept proved to be adaptive, efficient, and in some cases the deciding factor between death and survival. Surgeons like Kennedy and his fellow colleagues spent sleepless nights on concrete floors and sandy beaches, going directly to the wounded soldiers. He lay just behind the front lines and waited patiently for soldiers whose life depended on immediate care.
The entries below detail Kennedy's arrival in Rome shortly after it fell into Allied control. At the same time, unbeknownst to those in Rome, more than 150,000 troops were preparing to cross the English Channel as part of Operation Overlord, better known today the as D-Day invasion. Although he participated in some of the fiercest action of the war—Operation Avalanche, the attack on Anzio, and Operation Dragoon, and entered the Dachau concentration camp two days after it was liberated—Kennedy's diaries depict a life without high drama, a catalogue of the routine in the midst of a great conflagration.
Got in bed today after noon meal—just going back to work now at 11:30 p.m.—I didn't sleep worth a damn—can't in the daytime. I'll be an old man if this thing keeps up much longer. And according to all rumors they're getting ready to start another push very soon for Rome. Right now I need a rest and not more work. There are all sorts of speculations as to what will happen to the 2nd Aux when Rome falls—southern France, England, Yugoslavia, and India have all been mentioned—my guess is England.
We've changed hours again—for the tenth time—8 p.m. to 8 a.m. now. Finished up at 3:00 this afternoon and we're going back at it now—it's 8 p.m. I don't think the Russian salt mines were ever any worse than this. There's another push on and we're getting another load—200 cases behind now. There are four field hospital platoons out now—two of the 33rd and two of the 10th, so we'll be cut down on the major cases.
Progress has been quite good but the casualties have been high. We're not seeing the worst cases now 'cause the field hospitals have jumped ahead. Expect we'll be going to one of them soon. Doing simple debridements here these past couple days and they are monotonous and boring.
Had a fairly good sleep but it's never as restful as what you get at night. We'll be off this night tour in another week. At the rate things are moving now I think they'll be in Rome in a week. They're at the Alban hills and at some points nothing stands between them and Rome—except a few Jerries.
Not much work tonight—mostly minor stuff. Another field hospital platoon went out this evening. Hope we get assigned soon. Had a few snaps of Ruthie today—she's a wonderful baby.
The shock ward was empty for the first time this morning—seems queer not being loaded with casualties. Luther had word this morning that his team was gonna leave to join the 11th F.H. without us—but tonight at 7:30 we got orders to leave too. Packed in half an hour, said our goodbyes, and set out for a place near Cori. Staying here tonight with the 95th Evac. Harry Borsuk here—platoon leader—hospital to be beyond Valmontone about 15 miles from Rome on Highway 6. Came through Cisterna—worst destruction I've seen yet. There's nothing standing. We're back in a field hospital and on our way to Rome. I'm happier when we're moving—moving toward home!
Up at 6:30 (good night's rest)—had pancakes, then set out in a weapons carrier for our new site. The number of wrecked Jerry vehicles, guns, etc. is a mute tribute to the work of our aircraft. The roads were just covered with wrecks—large tanks with 88s pointing dumbly into the ground—a few 170s (Anzio Express) that looked awfully powerful but now appeared to be dead. Valmontone, Cori, and Labico are all shot up and have nothing left.
Dead horses stinking—even the smell of rotting human flesh filtering through occasionally. We're set up near Palestrina on Highway 6 with the 3rd Division Clearing Station. Work is pouring in already—rearguard action, the boys say. "Jerry is on the run" and some of our troops are on the outskirts of Rome.
Business it seems to follow us wherever we go. Cases galore—more than we could handle. We're the most forward field hospital now. Brought in three new teams to help out and they were very welcome. Brinker, Lowry, and Cantlon [Edwin L. Cantlon, general surgeon]. Rome is in our hands—was yesterday—and the troops are beyond. Evidently Jerry intends to keep running for a while. Tanks have been going by here all day in one steady stream—last night they rumbled by in countless numbers. I'm sure somebody is gonna be impressed by them very soon. The war is moving fast—good—I want it that way—I want to get home.
Up early, got our work done (off call for once), and a group of us headed for Rome. I was anxious. The mark of the war looks fresh upon the country that leads to Rome—burned-out tanks, guns, etc. Dead horses—and people streaming back to their homes. Rome seems to be a beautiful city. Little destruction, nice-looking people—much cleaner than the more southern Italians—more like a city in the States. Saw St. Peter's and knelt by the Tomb of St. Peter.
It's a magnificent church, strong and tall, and it suggests Catholicism—enduring. Crossed the Tiber, saw the Coliseum and Roman Forum. This was the Rome we were waiting for.
(Incidentally, the second front opened today, but we saw Rome.)
[The "incidental" second front was nothing less than Operation Overlord, the cross-channel invasion of France at Normandy, involving almost sixty-five hundred naval craft and five Allied divisions. Eventually, more than one hundred divisions were to pass through Normandy on their way to the very heart of Germany and to the ultimate destruction of the Third Reich.]
Excerpted from Battlefield Surgeon: Life and Death on the Front Lines of World War II by Paul A. Kennedy, edited by Christopher B. Kennedy (University Press of Kentucky, 2016.


Over the span of any given year, a president gives a lot of speeches. You hope for some positive feedback; some sense that your remarks made an impact — that they had a lasting impression. Four of you, this evening, have asked me to retell last year's story of the ram and the buffalo.
I am so proud that this is what you remembered from last year's Green & Gold Gala.
For those of you who weren't here, I had just returned from a trip to Greece where — in a meeting with some CSU alums — we had been discussing the impact of Greek language on today's words. After that dinner I'd looked up the roots of the word "Ram" and found connections to strength and virility. That, in turn, made me wonder about the origins of other college mascots and I discovered that "buffalo" has an old Slavic origin meaning, and I quote, "That stinking animal." Apparently, that made an impact.
This year, I intend to dwell on CSU symbolism. We are a university rich in heritage, and embedded in that heritage are symbols that go beyond words. Things like our former A&M colors of pumpkin & alfalfa, and our current colors of green & gold — for which this event is named.
Gold symbolizes wealth and wisdom. Green symbolizes life and youth. What a wonderful combination.
10 is rich in ancient and Biblical symbolism, perhaps holding an anatomical origin.
Your university is in great shape. Another consecutive year of record enrollment, enrolling more Colorado high school graduates than any other university. 1 in 4 of our students is the 1st in their family to attend college, we beat our projected graduation rate, and we have the lowest race based graduation rate gap among our peers. Another year of record research funding, with the world's best comparative oncology center, the world's most powerful laser, and one of the country's most productive faculties. By almost any measure, the reputation of CSU around Colorado has never been higher, and we have already surpassed the goal for the 1st campaign in the history of Colorado State at more than $1/2B with this year projected to be the best fund-raising year in the history of the university. This campaign funded more than 15,000 scholarships, 16 faculty chairs and built or renovated 39 buildings.
This is a university marked by excellence; marked by never settling for less than our full potential.
Well, maybe a couple of small changes. We hired Jack Graham as our new AD. I said I wanted to hire someone who would push us, whose vision would make me gulp. Jack's hired Jim MacElwain as our football coach. He was last at some school down south as I recall — where they play football after Christmas — I assume because of the warm weather? Larry Eustachy is our new men's basketball coach. Great gentleman. Both of these men know a lot about winning. But more importantly, they know about character development and clean programs and student athletes who are students first.
And some things haven't changed. Tom Hilbert quietly goes about running one of the best women's volleyball programs in the nation, and our golf program continues to excel under Jamie.
Now there was one other thing I was going to mention about athletics … what was that? Oh, the stadium!
Look, the stadium is an important discussion, with big potential advantages and significant risks and concerns. I'm confident we'll sort through all of that — we've got a good track record of getting those things right more often than not. But the stadium has raised a broader issue that I think is far more important — an issue of focus and what that means.
For the past several months, I've been listening to people suggest that maybe I've lost my focus on what matters to this university. Now, I've had the honor of serving as the president of this university for 3 years, 5 months and 24 days, and I can tell you with certainty that the only thing that matters in this position is keeping your focus: a focus on excellence.
Excellence, yes, in teaching, research, service and extension — as written on the seal of the university. But excellence as well in how we demonstrate our words with actions, how we demonstrate our passion and values.
Excellence in the education we offer to anyone with the talent and motivation to earn it — excellence in accord with the American tradition of meritocracy, with Jefferson's eternal hostility to every form of tyranny over the mind of man, and with Abraham Lincoln's ideal of educational equality as put to paper when he signed the Morrell Act that created Land Grant Universities 150 years ago this year.
In fact, a focus on excellence is what brought this university through the crisis of the past 3 years with such a bright future.
But it takes a university — not one person — to hold that type of focus. And a university is a complicated place. If you value the academic freedom that creates the questioning and challenging environment that leads to these great discoveries and teaches these young men and women how to think critically, then you need to value colleagues you respect questioning and challenging your values — and your judgment — and your focus. And you owe it to them to take a serious look in the mirror and ask whether or not you've allowed your compass to drift.
American public higher education has serious challenges that it will take all of us to solve — and great opportunities that it will take all of us to take advantage of: issues related to food, water, energy and the environment, access, debt loads, and graduation rates — to name a few — that can only be met by the resolve and ideas of the next generation — properly armed with the knowledge of ours.
Serious challenges … and great opportunities.
And I can assure you that no matter what the greatest challenge or opportunity you see is, it won't be solved by settling. It won't be solved by accepting anything other than excellence in everything we do. That's never been the way of this university, and I don't see it as a path forward because I see settling as a cancer that, once it starts, spreads to everything and it needs to be fought at every turn, in every conversation we have.
So if anyone wants to talk about education for veterans, the privatization of American public higher education, the role of universities in energy and food security, or the importance of opportunity for every member of the next generation, just tell me where and tell me when, and I'll show up. But that conversation better not include a discussion about where we strive and where we settle.
This is a university marked by excellence, forged in a focus of excellence — and that focus cannot have blind spots where we settle for less. That hasn't been our history, it isn't our present, and it should not be our future.
I hope you're proud of your alma mater. There's much to be proud of. And it remains my great honor to serve as the president of your university. Thank you.


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1961 – 62: Memories of Michael from former girlfriend, "Jazz." - Michael Gothard Archive
1961 – 62: Memories of Michael from former girlfriend, "Jazz."
A lady who knew Michael in the early 1960s found out about the tree planted at Woodchester in his memory, and got in touch through the Forester. She has given me these memories of their time together, to share.
To Michael Alan Gothard, from Jazz
I first met our Michael when I was 16, coming up to 17. It was snowing, and we met in Ken Colyer's Jazz Club in London. I didn't wear shoes in those days, and he was also bohemian and quite serious, intelligent and kind, with longish, very blond hair; a person I would think of always as a gentle gentleman.
I was working as a children's nanny to three youngsters, and lived with the family on the edge of Hampstead Heath. I remember Michael occasionally coming on walks with me and the children to the lake on the Heath.
Other times, on evenings off, I'd go to his café in Kentish Town, NW5. They were a mixed bunch there, mainly teenagers, who, in retrospect, were perhaps a bit deprived. Michael made soup and sandwiches, tea and coffee for them, if my memory serves me right.
Sometimes he seemed very tense.
Wherever we went, he always took me home to where I worked, and we'd sit outside the door and talk for ages.
He came to my mother's sister, Auntie Kathie, for Christmas. The two sisters, Auntie, in Bournemouth, and Mum, in Surrey, used to do alternate Christmases. Michael was an only child, and to be confronted by five teenagers, a five year-old (who still remembers that Christmas, and Michael) and five adults, must have been daunting for him!
On the train going back to London on either Boxing Day or the day after, he asked me to marry him – I said yes! He said we would have five children, and the first would be a boy, and we'd call him Simon. Back in London, he bought me a beautiful Indian silver bracelet.
Our relationship foundered, and I went to work as a nanny in Paris, then went hitch-hiking over Europe. Since then, I've discovered that before we met, Michael lived in Paris and back-packed through Europe.
Our Michael was a lovely, kind and intelligent gentle man, and I shall never forget him, and the love we shared.
Tags: café, jazz, life history, personal account

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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South Africa municipal: Ramaphosa, opposition leader John Steenhuisen cast vote
Denis Farrell/Copyright 2021 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.
South Africans cast ballots Monday in local elections expected to reflect growing discontent with the African National Congress, whose popularity has been waning even before deadly riots in July.
Polls suggest a majority of voters could for the first time turn against the ANC, which has governed nationally since Nelson Mandela's election ended white rule in 1994.
Senior party members, including ex-president Jacob Zuma, face a slew of corruption investigations -- the latest linked to coronavirus spending.
Unemployment has hit 34.4 percent. In July, Zuma's imprisonment sparked riots and looting that left at least 354 dead.
But for many voters, daily frustrations are at the forefront. Decades of mismanagement have corroded state utilities, causing water cuts and rolling blackouts that interrupted the ANC's own campaigning.
"The apartheid government used to be bad, but at least it delivered services to the people," said Samuel Mahlaule, 55-year-old Uber driver and father of four in Soweto.
Early Monday, he was in a queue of less than 20 people at a polling station near President Cyril Ramaphosa's childhood home, and he wants change.
"Our ANC leaders haven't really delivered" he said. "They make too many empty promises. But, we are still hopeful."
Farther away in Danville, a predominantly white middle-class suburb of Pretoria, Charmaine Barnard, 57, also yearns for change.
"The reason why I'm voting is to make change in the country, better life for everyone," she said.
About 26 million people registered to vote, out of an eligible population of around 40 million.
They are choosing local councillors in 257 municipalities, but turnout is expected to be low.
"I won't vote because the government has forgotten about the plight of people like me," said Xihluke Mitileni, 27, an unemployed mother of two.
"I am a squatter in my own country," she said. "My parents were promised houses by the ANC when I was young, but that promise has never been delivered. "
- ANC 'clean-up' -
Ramaphosa and other top ANC leaders have relentlessly campaigned across the country, with the president himself even stumping in small towns.
Their focus this past week has been on key battlegrounds in Gauteng, home to the capital Pretoria and financial hub Johannesburg, which the ANC lost for the first time in the last local elections in 2016.
That year the party won just under 54 percent of the vote nationally, its worst electoral showing ever.
"We realise that we have not realised the aspirations of our people, we are going to do better," Ramaphosa said after casting his ballot in Soweto.
He said he expected an "overwhelming victory" for the ANC, but polls predict that the party's popularity will keep sliding.
Throughout the campaign Ramaphosa has been trying to convince voters that they are "cleaning up the party".
But in rural Umzinto in KwaZulu-Natal province, voters unhappy with an ANC candidate dug a trench and used boulders to barricade access to a polling station at Mistake Farm.
Police later cleared the road, filled up the trench and arrested around a dozen people. But after four hours, the station remained closed.
A handful of voters who showed up were turned away by electoral officials waiting to take delivery of ballot papers.
Meantime, the opposition is fractured.
The largest opposition party, the Democratic Alliance, is widely seen as a party for whites. It has formed unlikely coalitions with the radical left-wing Economic Freedom Fighters.
But the local governments they have set up together often spend more time bickering than working to provide services.
A record 1,700 of the 60,000 candidates in Monday's races are independents, reflecting disenchantment with the mainstream parties.
Their performance will set the scene for general elections in 2024.
South Africa: Cyril Ramaphosa plays down ANC election setback
Cyril Ramaphosa
U.S.'s Yellen tours Ford Assembling plant in Pretoria, hails Africa's economic potential
South African farmer warns of 'lots of food shortages' amidst ongoing power cuts
U.S. - South Africa: Joint initiative to combat wildlife trafficking
South Africa's energy crisis hits funeral homes hard
Opposition activists march in Johannesburg denouncing SA's energy crisis
Russia's Lavrov welcomed in South Africa


A short-term disability insurance plan can provide essential income to people who are left unable to work due to an injury or illness. While many people obtain these policies as a benefit of working for a generous employer, they often must still navigate a difficult path with the insurance company who oversees the policy.
In addition, these short-term benefit plans are usually subject to the federal law known as the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). This law complicates any appeals processes and can significantly delay a policyholder's attempts to get a court to intervene in a dispute.
Louisiana short-term disability insurance denials may seem like an inescapable end to your economic wellbeing. However, if you receive a denial letter after seeking disability benefits, you still have options. A knowledgeable insurance attorney could help you understand the reasons for your denial and pursue appropriate legal recourse.
A short-term disability insurance policy is much like any other insurance policy—in a nutshell, the insurance company agrees to pay benefits if a policyholder suffers a loss. However, one common dispute between companies and policyholders is whether a loss falls under the terms of an individual contract.
For example, short-term disability insurance plans only cover injuries that happen when an employee is not at work. Car accidents, serious illnesses, and even slips and falls can all qualify as grounds for benefit distribution under these plans. However, the insurance company may believe that an injury was the result of an employee doing their job. If so, it would be a matter for a workers' compensation insurance claim to address.
Any time an insurance company issues a denial, they must do so in writing with instructions on how to appeal that denial. Unfortunately, this appeal process can be very complex.
As discussed above, all insurance policies are contracts. Typically, a party to a contract may ask a court to intervene if they believe that the other party has failed to uphold their end of the bargain, and this is also true in short-term disability insurance disputes. However, the process to do so is complicated significantly by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA).
ERISA is a federal law that regulates all employer-provided benefit plans. Because the vast majority of short-term disability benefit plan holders obtain these plans through work, ERISA typically governs the administration of these plans. This most directly effects policy holders when they need to appeal a denial.
ERISA states that all plan administrators must create an internal appeals process for handling disputes. In addition, a court may only hear a case alleging breach of insurance contract if a policy holder exhausts these procedures. As a result, a policyholder in Louisiana may need to wait many months after a short-term disability insurance denial before taking a case to court. Fortunately, an attorney may be able to help policyholders perform these inconvenient but necessary steps to protect their legal rights.
Receiving a denial following an application for short-term disability benefits in Louisiana can be incredibly demoralizing, especially if you need this money to cover vital expenses while you make a recovery from an illness or injury. Unfortunately, many insurance companies have a good-faith reason for issuing a denial and the legal remedy to protect your rights is complex.
If you have received Louisiana short-term disability insurance denials, an insurance attorney could help you understand the stated reasons provided by the insurance company and explore your legal options. Many times, though, this will require a multi-step appeals process before asking a court to intervene, so getting in touch with legal counsel sooner rather than latter could allow them to more effectively work to protect your rights. Call today to learn more.


Basic jewelry-making is a hobby that I believe anyone can learn. Sometimes, all it takes is the right equipment and a little explanation. I'm hoping to provide that to you in this series of posts.
Previously, I went into details about the tools needed to begin making jewelry. In this second lesson, I'm going over some of the materials used to make jewelry.
Like the first part of this series, I also made a video of these Jewelry-Making Basic Materials if you'd rather watch than read, or if you like to do both.
Now for my explanation on jewelry-making materials.
Wire: I only begin with this because it's my personal favorite material. Wire comes in a variety of metals, colors, and shapes. I've found round wire, flat wire, square wire, half-round wire, twisted wire, and so on. In addition, there are several choices in wire hardness. However, you'll find this option most often with higher-end wire. It typically ranges from dead soft to half hard wire, with dead soft being more pliable. One of the most important things I can tell you about wire is that it is sized by gauge. The smaller the gauge of wire, the thicker the wire. For example, 16 gauge wire is thicker than 24 gauge. Keep in mind what you'll be using the wire for before selecting the gauge. You can purchase wire from craft and bead shops, but I often get mine straight from the hardware store. Wire is useful for making beaded chain, ear wires, clasps, bangles, wire-weaving, stone wrapping, and much more.
Chain: This is probably the most basic of all jewelry-making materials. Chain generally consists of links of metal or other material connected to one another. It's perfect for simply adding charms or a focal piece to easily make a completed piece of jewelry. As well, chain makes a great accent like tassels or helps extend too-short pieces.
Beading Wire: Also called bead stringing wire, beading wire is a material created especially for jewelry-making. It comes in spools and is made of tiny, twisted wires coated with nylon. The nylon helps protect the wire and extend the life of your projects. Beading wire is most often used in conjunction with crimp beads to create necklaces and earrings. It can be found in a variety of sizes and colors.
Cord: This is probably the widest section of jewelry materials. Cord includes waxed linen cord, beading thread, sari silk ribbon, leather cord, invisible nylon cord/thread, hemp, and many, many more. Waxed linen is waxed to increase its durability and workability. It (as well as hemp) are often used with knotting/macrame techniques. Beading thread is intended specifically for jewelry-making. Most often, it's used with seed beads for tiny, intricate work. Invisible nylon cord is much like fishing line (which I have used before) and usually used when you want the material to be as invisible as possible. Of course, each of these cords has a great many uses beyond the ones I've mentioned.
Memory Wire: I almost left this one out of the video, and it's one of the simplest to use. Memory wire comes in a coil and retains its shape, hence the name. When pulled, it springs back into shape like a slinky. I've found ring, necklace, and bracelet memory wire; but the bracelet shape is by far the most popular. It's most often found in a silver-tone, but other metal tones are also out there.
A material I've left off this list is Elastic. It's not something I use or keep on hand. I admit that I have trouble tying the elastic to my satisfaction, even with glue. As well, much of the jewelry I get from friends to fix are bracelets that have been strung on elastic and have popped. It's simply not a reliable material. As such, I don't use it personally.
I know that I've omitted a ton of more in-depth details about each of these materials, but this should sum it up for those just starting out. However, if you've got something to add or have questions, please don't hesitate to let me know in the comments.
Linking up at Sweet Inspiration Link Party, Dare to Share Saturday, and Saturday Sparks Link Party at Pieced Pastimes.
I'm a jewelry-artist, treasure hunter, & nature-lover that finds joy in the smallest things. I hope to spread that joy and inspiration.
Great tutorial! Getting started is overwhelming when you want to try a little bit of everything. I feel the same about elastic. It scares me since it can easily break if caught on something. I used it when I first started making jewelry but I never heard from any customers of breakage but I always wondered!
Thank you so much, this is really useful for me because my daughters want to make jewelry and I have no idea what we need. Pinning!
Thanks for stopping by! It means so very much to me. I love to hear what you have to say.


The combination of a largely disappearing perimeter, increased enterprise security threats and escalating damages resulting from breaches has introduced stronger levels of inspection and overall security. This includes a new security model called a zero-trust network architecture in which NOTHING on the network is trusted. Zero Trust Networking focuses on locking down all aspects of the network, inside and outside of traditional firewalls.
The goal of a Zero Trust Network (ZTN) is to stop malicious traffic at the edge of the network, before it is allowed to discover, identify, and target other networked devices. Getting to ZTN is just a continuation of the migration from zone-based network security models, to micro-segmentation, down to ZTN which is every user, device, service, and application.
This report describes what a Zero Trust Network is, the compelling case for moving to a ZTN, roadblocks faced, migration planning, and, to better understand the vulnerabilities, we provide mechanisms for measuring network attack surfaces. We also provide a detailed set of best practice recommendations and a summary of vendors participating in this space.


Is Number Sense Your Missing Math Link?
Learn three(3) must-have methods to set the ultimate foundation of math for preschoolers and kindergarteners.
Are you ready to release your students into the field of flexible learning with quick and simple tools?
Practice alphabet letter names and/or sounds with Mr. Alphabet Finder. This learning activity is perfect for young children just learning about the alphabet letters.
Celebrate July 4th with your children by creating this simple kids craft with recycled materials.
Simple fireworks kids craft to celebrate 4th of July.
Simple craft ideas for kids to surprise dad with a special gift for Father's Day.
Practice addition with this fun flip chart craft. Can you add the numbers? Your child will flip the cards to see the answer.
You may have heard it said that talent is born, not grown. If this is the case, where does it leave you with regards to your child development process?
Use recycled toilet paper roll to help your child practice recognizing numbers with this fun kids craft activity: the number ninja!
Looking for something to do with those recycled toilet paper rolls? Why not a rocket?! Your child will love make and playing with this toilet paper roll rocket.
This fun shapes activity will help your child practice recognizing basic geometric shapes by creating a face using shapes cut-outs.


Graduating Woodfords High School student Satori Ivy has a mission. Before he leaves his Markleeville home at the end of summer to attend Savannah College of Art and Design, he hopes to see progress on the Curtz Lake Interpretive Trail Restoration Project, as proposed by the Bureau of Land Management.
In the summers of 1972 and 1973, BLM and the Youth Conservation Corps created an interpretive trail near Curtz Lake, located on Airport Road between Woodfords and Markleeville. Color-coded signs indicated three trail systems; vegetative, geologic and aquatic. However, the site has been neglected for years. Washed-out trails are littered by fallen logs, and shot-up metal interpretive signs are standing broken and rusted.
A revitalized site would benefit residents and tourists alike, as well as students on educational field trips.
Woodfords High School is a "necessary small school," with 10 students and two teachers, Joe Voss and Joel Tabor, and the EAST lab stresses self-directed learning, teaching students how to handle and solve problems with teamwork.
Ivy, along with student collaborator Caleb Knapp, Tabor and adult collaborator, Kate Ivy, will be mapping out a rerouted trail with the Global Positioning System, conducting a survey and encouraging partnerships to be established within the community. Interested members of the public may receive a survey form by e-mailing Satori Ivy: sivy@alpinecoe.k12.ca.us.
To learn more about the Curtz Lake Environmental Study Area, the public is invited to a free power point presentation about the project and dessert at the Alpine County Library in Markleeville on Wednesday, June 7 at 7 p.m.
n Markleeville resident Wanda Coyan dreams of hiking without having to lug camping equipment. To achieve this goal, she has been raising three kids Ðyoung goats Ð and training them for packing her gear on the trail.
Oliver and Ivy were bottle-fed by Coyan since they were born. Willamina arrived at the Coyan compound after she was weaned. Ivy and Willamina are does, and Oliver is a wether, a neutered male goat. All three of Coyan's 1-year-olds are part Saanen, Boer and Alpine and bred to be big. Oliver will weigh about 300 pounds when he's 4 years old and full-grown, ready for packing. Goats can pack 30 percent of their weight.
As Coyan leads her docile goats from one fenced-in yard to another, she presents the image of a grown-up "Heidi" in California's Alps. She also keeps chickens for fresh eggs, grows vegetables and is happy creating homespun crafts like baskets made from pine needles.
"As an only child growing up on a farm in Tennessee, my best friend was a goat. We played tag and hide and seek together," she said.
Last month, Coyan and her husband, Gary, went to the Annual Goat Pack Trip at Succer Creek State Park in Oregon, near the border of Idaho.


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115 (2017-2018) 113 (2013-2014) Legislation Subject — Policy Area : Public Lands and Natural Resources Bennet, Michael F. [D-CO]
1. S.3172 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Restore Our Parks Act Sponsor: Sen. Portman, Rob [R-OH] (Introduced 06/28/2018) Cosponsors: (36) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Committee Reports: S. Rept. 115-423 Latest Action: Senate - 12/06/2018 By Senator Murkowski from Committee on Energy and Natural Resources filed written report. Report No. 115-423. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2018-12-04 [displayText] => Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Reported by Senator Murkowski with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Without written report. [externalActionCode] => 14000 [description] => Introduced )
2. S.2870 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Amache Study Act Sponsor: Sen. Gardner, Cory [R-CO] (Introduced 05/16/2018) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Committee Reports: S. Rept. 115-375 Latest Action: Senate - 11/26/2018 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 661. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2018-11-26 [displayText] => Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Reported by Senator Murkowski without amendment. With written report No. 115-375. [externalActionCode] => 14000 [description] => Introduced )
3. S.2811 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) A bill to amend the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 to reauthorize the Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Fund, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Merkley, Jeff [D-OR] (Introduced 05/09/2018) Cosponsors: (7) Committees: Senate - Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Latest Action: Senate - 05/09/2018 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. (All Actions) Tracker:
4. S.2501 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Ski Area Fee Retention Act Sponsor: Sen. Gardner, Cory [R-CO] (Introduced 03/06/2018) Cosponsors: (9) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 03/06/2018 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker:
5. S.2354 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) ANTIQUITIES Act of 2018 Sponsor: Sen. Udall, Tom [D-NM] (Introduced 01/30/2018) Cosponsors: (20) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 01/30/2018 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker:
6. S.2185 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) FLTFA Reauthorization Act Sponsor: Sen. Heinrich, Martin [D-NM] (Introduced 12/04/2017) Cosponsors: (9) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 12/04/2017 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker:
7. S.2166 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Endangered Fish Recovery Programs Extension Act Sponsor: Sen. Gardner, Cory [R-CO] (Introduced 11/28/2017) Cosponsors: (4) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Committee Reports: S. Rept. 115-374 Latest Action: Senate - 11/26/2018 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 660. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2018-11-26 [displayText] => Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Reported by Senator Murkowski with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. With written report No. 115-374. [externalActionCode] => 14000 [description] => Introduced )
8. S.1833 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Hardrock Mining and Reclamation Act of 2017 Sponsor: Sen. Udall, Tom [D-NM] (Introduced 09/19/2017) Cosponsors: (4) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 09/19/2017 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker:
9. S.1403 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) 21st Century Conservation Service Corps Act Sponsor: Sen. McCain, John [R-AZ] (Introduced 06/21/2017) Cosponsors: (10) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Committee Reports: S. Rept. 115-420 Latest Action: Senate - 12/06/2018 By Senator Murkowski from Committee on Energy and Natural Resources filed written report. Report No. 115-420. (All Actions) Tracker:
10. S.1027 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) A bill to extend the Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act of 2000. Sponsor: Sen. Hatch, Orrin G. [R-UT] (Introduced 05/03/2017) Cosponsors: (33) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 05/03/2017 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker:
11. S.948 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) America's Red Rock Wilderness Act of 2017 Sponsor: Sen. Durbin, Richard J. [D-IL] (Introduced 04/26/2017) Cosponsors: (26) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 04/26/2017 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (Sponsor introductory remarks on measure: CR S2560-2561; text of measure as introduced: CR S2556-2559) (All Actions) Tracker:
12. S.896 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) A bill to permanently reauthorize the Land and Water Conservation Fund. Sponsor: Sen. Burr, Richard [R-NC] (Introduced 04/07/2017) Cosponsors: (13) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 04/07/2017 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker:
13. S.820 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) A bill to designate a portion of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge as wilderness. Sponsor: Sen. Markey, Edward J. [D-MA] (Introduced 04/04/2017) Cosponsors: (41) Committees: Senate - Environment and Public Works Latest Action: Senate - 04/04/2017 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works. (All Actions) Tracker:
14. S.593 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Target Practice and Marksmanship Training Support Act Sponsor: Sen. Capito, Shelley Moore [R-WV] (Introduced 03/09/2017) Cosponsors: (17) Committees: Senate - Environment and Public Works Committee Reports: S. Rept. 115-372 Latest Action: Senate - 11/15/2018 By Senator Barrasso from Committee on Environment and Public Works filed written report. Report No. 115-372. Additional views filed. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2018-09-18 [displayText] => Committee on Environment and Public Works. Reported by Senator Barrasso without amendment. Without written report. [externalActionCode] => 14000 [description] => Introduced )
15. S.569 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Land and Water Conservation Authorization and Funding Act Sponsor: Sen. Cantwell, Maria [D-WA] (Introduced 03/08/2017) Cosponsors: (50) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Committee Reports: S. Rept. 115-428 Latest Action: Senate - 12/11/2018 By Senator Murkowski from Committee on Energy and Natural Resources filed written report. Report No. 115-428. (All Actions) Tracker:
16. S.546 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) American Soda Ash Competitiveness Act Sponsor: Sen. Barrasso, John [R-WY] (Introduced 03/07/2017) Cosponsors: (21) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 03/07/2017 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker:
17. S.485 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Stewardship End Result Contracting Improvement Act of 2017 Sponsor: Sen. Flake, Jeff [R-AZ] (Introduced 03/01/2017) Cosponsors: (10) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 03/01/2017 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker:
18. S.287 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) A bill to update the map of, and modify the maximum acreage available for inclusion in, the Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument. Sponsor: Sen. Gardner, Cory [R-CO] (Introduced 02/02/2017) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Committee Reports: S. Rept. 115-38 Latest Action: Senate - 05/03/2017 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 52. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2017-05-03 [displayText] => Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Reported by Senator Murkowski without amendment. With written report No. 115-38. [externalActionCode] => 14000 [description] => Introduced )
19. S.286 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Elkhorn Ranch and White River National Forest Conveyance Act Sponsor: Sen. Gardner, Cory [R-CO] (Introduced 02/02/2017) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Committee Reports: S. Rept. 115-92 Latest Action: Senate - 06/07/2017 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 119. (All Actions) Tracker:
20. S.285 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Bolts Ditch Access and Use Act Sponsor: Sen. Gardner, Cory [R-CO] (Introduced 02/02/2017) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Committee Reports: S. Rept. 115-53 Latest Action: Senate - 05/09/2017 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 66. (All Actions) Tracker:
21. S.282 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Public Land Renewable Energy Development Act Sponsor: Sen. Heller, Dean [R-NV] (Introduced 02/02/2017) Cosponsors: (7) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 02/02/2017 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker:
22. S.280 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Crags, Colorado Land Exchange Act Sponsor: Sen. Gardner, Cory [R-CO] (Introduced 02/02/2017) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Committee Reports: S. Rept. 115-45 Latest Action: Senate - 05/09/2017 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 58. (All Actions) Tracker:
23. S.2440 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) BLM Permit Processing Improvement Act of 2014 Sponsor: Sen. Udall, Tom [D-NM] (Introduced 06/05/2014) Cosponsors: (13) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: House - 09/17/2014 Held at the desk. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see H.R.3979, which became Public Law 113-291 on 12/19/2014. Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2014-09-16 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in Senate: Passed Senate with amendments by Unanimous Consent.(text: CR S5649) [externalActionCode] => 17000 [description] => Passed Senate )
24. S.2367 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) Healthy Kids Outdoors Act of 2014 Sponsor: Sen. Udall, Mark [D-CO] (Introduced 05/21/2014) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: Senate - Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Latest Action: Senate - 05/21/2014 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. (All Actions) Tracker:
25. S.2363 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) Bipartisan Sportsmen's Act of 2014 Sponsor: Sen. Hagan, Kay R. [D-NC] (Introduced 05/20/2014) Cosponsors: (46) Latest Action: Senate - 07/10/2014 Cloture on the bill not invoked in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 41 - 56. Record Vote Number: 220. (All Actions) Tracker:
26. S.2104 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) National Park Access Act Sponsor: Sen. Flake, Jeff [R-AZ] (Introduced 03/11/2014) Cosponsors: (7) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Committee Reports: S. Rept. 113-298 Latest Action: Senate - 12/10/2014 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 638. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2014-12-10 [displayText] => Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Reported by Senator Landrieu without amendment. With written report No. 113-298. [externalActionCode] => 14000 [description] => Introduced )
27. S.1913 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) A bill to make permanent the Payments in Lieu of Taxes program. Sponsor: Sen. Udall, Mark [D-CO] (Introduced 01/13/2014) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 01/13/2014 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker:
28. S.1794 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) Browns Canyon National Monument and Wilderness Act of 2013 Sponsor: Sen. Udall, Mark [D-CO] (Introduced 12/10/2013) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 07/23/2014 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Senate Subcommittee on National Parks. Hearings held. With printed Hearing: S.Hrg. 113-493. (All Actions) Tracker:
29. S.1695 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) A bill to designate a portion of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge as wilderness. Sponsor: Sen. Cantwell, Maria [D-WA] (Introduced 11/13/2013) Cosponsors: (27) Committees: Senate - Environment and Public Works Latest Action: Senate - 11/13/2013 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works. (All Actions) Tracker:
30. S.1572 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) Protecting States, Opening National Parks Act Sponsor: Sen. Alexander, Lamar [R-TN] (Introduced 10/15/2013) Cosponsors: (3) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 10/15/2013 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker:
31. S.1305 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) Lake Hill Administrative Site Affordable Housing Act Sponsor: Sen. Udall, Mark [D-CO] (Introduced 07/16/2013) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 11/20/2013 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and Mining. Hearings held. With printed Hearing: S.Hrg. 113-342. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see H.R.2337, which became Public Law 113-141 on 7/25/2014. Tracker:
32. S.1212 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) Target Practice and Marksmanship Training Support Act Sponsor: Sen. Udall, Mark [D-CO] (Introduced 06/20/2013) Cosponsors: (15) Committees: Senate - Environment and Public Works Latest Action: Senate - 06/20/2013 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works. (All Actions) Tracker:
33. S.1158 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) National Park Service 100th Anniversary Commemorative Coin Act Sponsor: Sen. Warner, Mark R. [D-VA] (Introduced 06/13/2013) Cosponsors: (74) Committees: Senate - Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 06/13/2013 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker:
34. S.1071 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) A bill to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to make improvements to support facilities for National Historic Sites operated by the National Park Service, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Udall, Mark [D-CO] (Introduced 05/23/2013) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 07/31/2013 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on National Parks. Hearings held. With printed Hearing: S.Hrg. 113-93. (All Actions) Tracker:
35. S.816 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) Stewardship End Result Contracting Project Act Sponsor: Sen. Udall, Mark [D-CO] (Introduced 04/25/2013) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 04/25/2013 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker:
36. S.769 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) America's Red Rock Wilderness Act of 2013 Sponsor: Sen. Durbin, Richard J. [D-IL] (Introduced 04/18/2013) Cosponsors: (24) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 04/18/2013 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (text of measure as introduced: CR S2800-2804) (All Actions) Tracker:
37. S.368 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) Federal Land Transaction Facilitation Act Reauthorization of 2013 Sponsor: Sen. Heinrich, Martin [D-NM] (Introduced 02/14/2013) Cosponsors: (8) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Committee Reports: S. Rept. 113-61 Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2013 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 115. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2013-06-27 [displayText] => Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Reported by Senator Wyden with an amendment. With written report No. 113-61. [externalActionCode] => 14000 [description] => Introduced )
38. S.360 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) Public Lands Service Corps Act of 2013 Sponsor: Sen. Udall, Tom [D-NM] (Introduced 02/14/2013) Cosponsors: (10) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Committee Reports: S. Rept. 113-101 Latest Action: Senate - 09/10/2013 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 179. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2013-09-10 [displayText] => Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Reported by Senator Wyden with amendments. With written report No. 113-101. [externalActionCode] => 14000 [description] => Introduced )
39. S.341 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) San Juan Mountains Wilderness Act Sponsor: Sen. Udall, Mark [D-CO] (Introduced 02/14/2013) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Committee Reports: S. Rept. 113-99 Latest Action: Senate - 09/10/2013 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 177. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2013-09-10 [displayText] => Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Reported by Senator Wyden with amendments. With written report No. 113-99. [externalActionCode] => 14000 [description] => Introduced )
40. S.338 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) Land and Water Conservation Authorization and Funding Act of 2013 Sponsor: Sen. Baucus, Max [D-MT] (Introduced 02/14/2013) Cosponsors: (43) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 02/14/2013 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker:
41. S.279 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) Public Land Renewable Energy Development Act of 2013 Sponsor: Sen. Tester, Jon [D-MT] (Introduced 02/11/2013) Cosponsors: (9) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 07/29/2014 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Hearings held. Hearings printed: S.Hrg. 113-491. (All Actions) Tracker:
42. S.222 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) A bill to amend the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 to clarify that uncertified States and Indian tribes have the authority to use certain payments for certain noncoal reclamation projects and acid mine remediation programs. Sponsor: Sen. Udall, Tom [D-NM] (Introduced 02/04/2013) Cosponsors: (3) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Committee Reports: S. Rept. 113-20 Latest Action: Senate - 04/22/2013 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 51. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2013-04-22 [displayText] => Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Reported by Senator Wyden without amendment. With written report No. 113-20. [externalActionCode] => 14000 [description] => Introduced )
43. S.Res.573 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) A resolution commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Wilderness Act. Sponsor: Sen. Wyden, Ron [D-OR] (Introduced 09/18/2014) Cosponsors: (43) Latest Action: Senate - 09/18/2014 Submitted in the Senate, considered, and agreed to without amendment and with a preamble by Unanimous Consent. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2014-09-18 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in Senate: Submitted in the Senate, considered, and agreed to without amendment and with a preamble by Unanimous Consent.(consideration: CR S5880; text as passed Senate: CR S5799-5800) [externalActionCode] => 17000 [description] => Agreed to in Senate )
Legislation [43]
Public Lands and Natural Resources Remove
Energy and Natural Resources [34]
Udall, Mark [D-CO] [8]
Gardner, Cory [R-CO] [7]
Udall, Tom [D-NM] [5]
Cantwell, Maria [D-WA] [2]
Durbin, Richard J. [D-IL] [2]
Bennet, Michael F. [D-CO] Remove
Heinrich, Martin [D-NM] [22]
Tester, Jon [D-MT] [17]
Wyden, Ron [D-OR] [15]
Udall, Tom [D-NM] [14]


JONATHAN JOHNSON was booked on 7/10/2018 7:20:00 PM. JOHNSON was arrested by OLDHAM COUNTY POLICE DEPARTMENT in La Grange, Kentucky. JOHNSON was 32 years old at the time of the arrest.
JONATHAN JOHNSON may not have been convicted of the charges or crimes listed and are presumed innocent until proven guilty. Please contact the OLDHAM COUNTY POLICE DEPARTMENT for more information regarding arrest records.


Marlborough wines started with early pioneers planting in late 1800. The area didn't start to flourish till 1973 with its now world famous Sauvignon Blanc.
Marlborough is one of NZ's sunniest and driest regions. The combination of a cool yet high sunshine climate, low rainfall and free-draining, moderately fertile soil produces uniquely vivid wines across a wide range of varieties and styles.
Marlborough is world famous for its Sauvignon Blanc, but also produces excellent Pinot Gris, Riesling and Pinot Noir. Whether you are a wine connoisseur or new to the whole tasting process, we cater for everyone.
Each tour is customised to each person's likes and dislikes, visiting wineries which match your taste and palate; a tour perfectly tailored to you.
Originally from Bordeaux, France, Sauvignon Blanc is now the most widely planted grape in New Zealand. The soil in Marlborough is ideal for plantings and encourages the vine to concentrate its flavours in lower yields. The diversity of the soils in the plain and the types of harvest time decisions that wine producers must make, that add a unique element to New Zealand Sauvignon blanc.
Marlborough Chardonnays are one of the few white varieties to work well with oak. Chardonnay was the most grown wine in New Zealand's with the most widely-planted variety until the early 2000's by which time the popularity of Sauvignon Blanc rose. Chardonnay is still a favourite amongst many with its buttery tones and subtle flavours excellent with chicken, risotto and fish.
Native to Burgundy, Pinot Noir has found in New Zealand a home away from home. It has become the equivalent to Sauvignon Blanc in many circles. In the last 10 years plantings have doubled and expectations are that they will double again within the next five years. Currently in the second place of the most produced grape variety in New Zealand, Pinot Noir has distinct flavours excellent with New Zealand Lamb or Beef and just great to drink on its own.
Aromatic wines are white wines, such as Pinot Gris, Riesling or Gewürztraminer. The names of those wines are exact the same as the grape that is used, so as the aromas and flavours.
Riesling is a white grape variety which originated in the Rhine region of Germany. Riesling is an aromatic grape variety displaying flowery, almost perfumed, aromas as well as high acidity. It is used to make dry, semi-sweet, sweet, and sparkling white wines.
Cabernet wines are well-known for their power, rich colour, aroma, depth of flavour and tannic quality. Most of the time, the variety is blended with other varieties, for example Merlot, to make the wine more soften and round. Traditionally, the blend is put through malolactic fermentation and aged-barrelled, so it will get a smoother, mellower texture. Cabernet Sauvignon is a well known blend.
In New Zealand the highest volume of Sparkling Wine is produced in Marlborough. Originally it was used in the French Region Champagne. Only sparkling wines from this region can use the name Champagne. Méthode Traditionelle is used in the Marlborough region too (it only can't use the name Champgane) and the region was the first in NZ that made this type of wine. Marlborough has many high quality sparkling wines to offer.
Typically served with dessert, dessert wines are sweet wines. Quite often the wine itself can be a dessert, but bakery sweets, cheese and fruits can all make a good match, particularly desserts with a little bitterness like almond biscuits.
Syrah, or Shiraz as we call it in Australia and New Zealand, is not a new variety in New Zealand. More than 100 years ago it was grown in New Zealand. Comparing to the Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Noir, it is easier to grow the Shiraz and is easy to grow and cellars well.
Rosé is a type of wine that incorporates some of the color from the grape skins, but not enough to qualify it as a red wine. It may be the oldest known type of wine, as it is the most straightforward to make with the skin contact method.
Marlborough is an excellent region to produce outstanding Olive oil much the same as it does with famous Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Noir. There are exceptional Olive Oils available in many of the cellar doors as wine makers have the prefect base to grow olives.
Marlborough is home to two of New Zealand's Multi-award winning breweries, Renaissance and Moa. Indulge in the delectable taste of the beers in a wide range of bars, restaurants and cafes all across the region.
A tour with our knowledgeable local guide in a small group means you can have a semi-exclusive personalised experience. Choose your own favorite winery or our top choice cellars, and enjoy a wonderful lunch with the wine you like the best.
Visiting wineries and cruise through the beautiful landscape of Marlborough in our spacious Mercedes Mini Van with at most 2 other couples. This keeps the tour a true delight for you and other guests.
Upgrade to the highly enjoyable Exclusive Tour for the maximum freedom. Customise your tour to your liking with our vast knowledge of the area, vineyards and people. We will try our best to cater to your most spontaneous passion!


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Q: $\mathbb{Z}_{3}[T]$/$(T^{2}+2T+2)$ is a commutative field I'm trying to prove that $K$= $\frac{\mathbb{Z}_{3}[T]}{(T^{2}+2T+2)}$ is a commutative field.
So I thought i needed to prove that $K$ is commutative and $K$ is a ring with unit element so that for every $x \in (K_{0})$ there is an $y \in K$ so that $xy=e=yx$.
I'm really sorry but I have no clue how to start this.
I can't find an similair execrices to base me on. Can someone maybe just give me an regular way to prove this so that I can make this exercise by myself en edit it here how I did it?
I found this online How to show that a finite commutative ring without zero divisors is a field?
But i can't do it with my exercise... I hope I can make the exercise with you're hints. Thanks a lot.

A: As people have suggested in the comments, first we prove that $\mathbb{Z}_3$ is a field. Since it only has three elements, we can just manually compute: $\overline{2}\cdot \overline{2} = \overline{1}$ and $\overline{1} \cdot \overline{1} = \overline{1}$. Since those are the only non-zero elements in $\mathbb{Z}_3$, and $\mathbb{Z}_n$ is a commutative ring with unity for all $n \in \mathbb{N}$, we get the desired result.
Note now that $p(x) = x^2 + 2x + 2$ has no roots in the field $\mathbb{Z}_3$ (you can just test all of the possibilities). Since it has degree $2$, this means it must be irreducible.
Using the first result we proved, $\mathbb{Z}_3[T]$ is an integral domain, which means it is a commutative ring with unity. And, since $p(x)$ was irreducible, $(p)$ is a maximal ideal. We can now apply the following theorem:
Theorem: If $A$ is a commutative ring with unity and $J$ is a maximal ideal of $A$, then $A/J$ is a field

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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G'morning! (or maybe afternoon) fellow nail polish fiends! It's just gone daybreak and I'm up stupid-early to get this China Glaze OMG! Flashback 2018 collection to pop up on your side of the screen!
China Glaze OMG – China Glaze OMG Flashback 2018 (above). Flashback? Yep, to 2008. That's 10 solid years ago. Where was I in 2008? Workin', renting in the T.Dot, and trying to save a nickel here 'n' there. Nail polish was such a treat and most of it came to me by way of Janine because she knew I had a thing for polish and no dollas to buy it.
China Glaze TTYL – China Glaze OMG Flashback 2018 (above). Did I ever have the original 12-bottle OMG collection? Nope, not a single shade. China Glaze was pretty hard to find here in Toronto unless you were a professional. And buying it online? Uh, that wasn't even a thing. Besides, I was an OPI girl, and OPI had the DS series that had already been out for a couple of years.
China Glaze BFF – China Glaze OMG Flashback 2018 (above). Today I'm Manigeek. Back then, I wasn't. Today, I have nail nerd ninjas who sent me a gift so I could get myself a little sumthin' sumthin'. What did I choose? I chose to Flashback. Why? Why not? It's not that often I get to buy full collections that I actually want. Would I have bought this without them? Maybe, if I'd found it on sale in a few months, and even then I might only have bought one or two, or maybe the mini set.
China Glaze 2NITE – China Glaze OMG Flashback 2018 (above). Know what else? This stuff dries fast all by itself, even without the top coat. I've been hearing rumours that it's poppin' and peelin' within a couple days of wear, and I'm guessing there's something in there that's speed-drying the polish and shrinking it. I don't have a solution for that, but if that's happening to you, these OMG Flashback shades go on so fast (and dry so fast) that it's really not much of an effort to simply remove and replace.
China Glaze DV8 – China Glaze OMG Flashback 2018 (above). If I didn't have to swatch constantly, I'm pretty sure I'd be wearing these shades one after another after another all summer long. They're not your average linear holos. They're better. They're milled crazy-fine, so they've got flash, flare, and flame. Indoors you get that glowy, cool, silvery look that most linears have, but you also get a most beautiful flash of a rainbow-y shift that you don't usually get inside.
That's what made me fall in love with my new OMGs. I like 'em outside, but I really, really like 'em inside – after all, that's where I do most of my livin'. Either way, these 6 shades are beauty. If you haven't picked them up, you might want to (I spotted the minis at my local Winners yesterday). Or at the very least, pick the one that appeals to you the most. Trust me, you'll be glad you did.
manicures & photos karen falcon (she loves her ninjas!).


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How to name 100 Dance Club Hits
Dance clubs are not exactly known for their dance music prowess.
There's only so much you can do when it comes to name and sound in the context of a club setting, but we've come up with some suggestions for some of the top 100 dance club songs from 2000 through 2017.
The dance clubs we've looked at aren't necessarily "the best" or "the most popular," but we have tried to stick to the most popular and most danceable, and some of these songs can be enjoyed on the dancefloor.
We hope you enjoy these songs and their music as much as we enjoyed the original dance tracks.
100 dance club hits, dance club names, dance clubs okc, miami dance clubs
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What's next for dance clubs in Philadelphia?


Need to get away? Longing for the great outdoors, fresh air, and the thrills of skiing? In our photo gallery, discover the charming surroundings of our hotel, L'Orée du Bois, and its unique location in Méribel, at the foot of the slopes.


Trim stalks from artichokes to 2cm, snap off tough outer leaves to reach tender pale leaves, cut 3cm from top of each artichoke and place in a bowl with lemon juice and 2 litres of water. Remove from acidulated water, one at a time, and peel outside of stalk, cut into quarters and, using a teaspoon, scoop out hairy choke and discard, placing artichokes back into water as you go.
Finely slice artichokes using a mandolin over a bowl containing vinegar. Add oil, season to taste with sea salt and ground black pepper, toss to combine. Add lettuce, fontina and chives to artichoke mixture, and adjust seasoning to taste.


When you fancy showing a little leg, look no further for pin perfection than a pair of high waisted shorts! Here at Pink Boutique we've got the most stylish, show off worthy high waisted shorts around. Whether you're looking for daytime glam or out out showstoppers, we've got a pair for everyone! Team our paperbag shorts with a casj top and heels for those days when a dress just isn't an option or glam up our sparkly hot pants with a sequin top and killer metallic heels for a wow the crowd reaction! Whatever your feels, we've got pins for days and we're ready to flaunt them!


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To meet our mission we have assembled one of the most experienced camp leadership teams in the country. Combined, we have spent more than 200 years at Kenwood & Evergreen, and more than half of our administrative staff began here as campers. We are more like a family than a group of co-workers, and each of us is dedicated to creating the most enjoyable, intentional, child-development focused overnight camp experience possible.
Scott Brody
Owner & Director
Our Owner and Director, Scott Brody, spent most of his summers growing up at Camps Kenwood & Evergreen. As a staff member, Scott held a variety of positions at camp, including Bunk Counselor, Unit Leader, Head Counselor & Assistant Director, before becoming the Owner and Director in 1996. Scott truly understands what it means to be a successful camper and young adult at Camp, and uses his knowledge and experience to positively impact the lives of both.
In addition to leading our team at Camp, Scott is an educator and thought leader in the areas of 21st Century Learning, Workforce Development and Child Development. Scott is the National Board Chair of the American Camp Association and serves as an Executive Board member of the Partnership for 21st Century Learning in Washington, DC, and as a Board Member of the Foundation for Jewish Camp in NY, NY as well as other state and local boards. Scott is also a strategic partner of IDEAS Education in Beijing, China. Scott has represented the camp profession in Washington, DC, for many years and has led presentations for the US Congress on the ways in which learning experiences like summer camp promote college and career readiness. He is also the author of an award-winning article for Camping Magazine entitled "Teaching the Skills that Children Need to Succeed". Scott is an honors graduate of UC Berkeley and received a Juris Doctor from Boston College Law School in 1990.
Making music with campers and staff at our annual Hollowpallooza concert is one of the many highlights of Scott's summer at Camp, as is leading white water rafting and surfing trips with older campers.
Most importantly, he is the father of A.J., who loves middle school and is a camper in our community!
Matt Pritikin
Summer camp has always played a large role in Matt's life; since he was a kid Matt has been a camper or staff member, including working at his older brother Andrew's day camp for several summers. After graduating from college and spending six years as a "suit" in the corporate world in NYC, Matt decided to take his passion for camp and make it a career. He joins K&E after two years as the Associate Director at Crestwood Country Day Camp in Melville, NY and prior to that he spent three years working as Associate Director at Breezemont Day Camp in Armonk, NY. Both Matt's niece and nephew attended Kenwood & Evergreen as campers for several years, and he was able to see firsthand the type of community and care that exists at K&E, and is excited to be able share that with other families. Matt joined the full time, year-round team at K&E in September 2019 and will focus on camper recruitment and engagement, including doing home visits in the NY/NJ/CT area. Matt lives with his wife Michelle and dog Buddy in North Jersey.
Deena Sebell
Director of Counseling Resources (Deena)
Deena is a child psychologist who received her bachelor's degree in psychology from Binghamton University in New York and her master's degree and certificate of advanced graduate study in school psychology from the University of Massachusetts-Boston. During the summer, as the Head of Counseling Services, Deena is available for campers and staff who need one-on-one help with the issues that can develop over the course of the summer. She's a really good listener. When she's not working at Camp she is the school psychologist and special education chairperson at the Paton Elementary School in Shrewsbury, MA.
Deena's hobby is baking and decorating elaborate cakes for parties. Her favorite moment each summer is when she gets to referee Evergreen's Jell-O Wrestling. As a longtime softball player she also loves our Tri-State Softball Tournament and really enjoys the time she spends chatting in the bunks when it's bedtime!
Catherine Hegarty
Catherine graduated from Bridgewater State College in 1995 with a BS in Social Work. Catherine's first summer at Camp was in 1997 and she began working as an administrative assistant for Evergreen the following summer. This part time summer position developed into an off-season role working directly with Scott in the winter office and now more than 20 years later Catherine is the full time Business Manager for Camps Kenwood & Evergreen. Catherine is responsible for all the financial aspects of Camp, and manages budgets, payroll, tuition, and so much more! Catherine's children grew up at Camp and later worked at Camp during their summers.
Sarah Silverberg
After earning a degree in Psychology from Edinburgh University in her native Scotland, Sarah has lived, worked and traveled in five continents, gathering corporate, non-profit and educational experience along the way. Sarah first came to Camp in 2004, initially working summers as a general counselor and an office assistant before moving to the US in 2008 to join the year round leadership team. Sarah oversees our camp operations – including our office, transportation, food service, health center and more – making sure that our systems run smoothly and that our team is supported.
Sarah is married to Camp alumnus Steve Silverberg, and their kids James and Maisie think Camp is the best playground in the world! In addition to directing operations for Camps Kenwood & Evergreen in New Hampshire, Sarah serves on ACA's Project Real Job committee and created e21, a management framework to benefit camps and their staff.
Jacki & Bob Mitchell
Athletic Directors
Jacki joined our camp family at age 5 and and has remained with us for more than 40 years. After a long career as a camper, she became a beloved counselor, unit leader and has now been Evergreen's Athletic Director for more than 25 years. Jacki played field hockey, volleyball, basketball and lacrosse in high school, and then went on to play division 1 lacrosse at Loyola, Maryland — for the #3 ranked team in the nation. After earning her B.A. from Loyola she received her J.D. from Hofstra Law school in 1986. During the off-season Jacki has been a Commissioner of SYAC (Syosset Youth Athletic Council) for over 20 years while coaching girls basketball and softball teams of varying ages (5-16). She enjoys coaching our girls' soccer, basketball and the Tri-state softball team each summer. A strength of Jacki's is being able to motivate the girls to believe in themselves and to try their hardest in everything they do, both on and off the field.
In the summer of 1990, Jacki introduced Bob to Camp and he immediately fell in love with it. Bob has been at K&E for almost 30 summers, 19 of which he has served as Kenwood's Athletic Director. Bob has a strong background in sports including having played on a men's national championship softball team. He is retired from the N.Y.C. police department where he coordinated a youth program providing growth experiences through community service. He then went on to graduate with a B.A. in Education. Bob has enjoyed coaching his town travel teams to numerous championships in softball and basketball. With his background in sports, his life experience as a police officer, and his knowledge as an educator, Bob brings a unique perspective to camp.
Jacki and Bob both share in the belief that sports is an ideal venue to build a child's self-esteem, regardless of their ability — and that giving of 110% of yourself is a valuable and rewarding experience regardless of the outcome.
Courtney Chaloff
Evergreen Head Counselor
Courtney has been at Evergreen since 1999. At 8 years old, she took a tour of camp and saw girls playing softball in a downpour – totally unfazed by the rain, having a blast, and very athletic. She knew Evergreen was the right place for her. She was a camper for seven years, came back as a general counselor and then was the senior unit leader for three years. She has been our girls' Head Counselor for the past six summers.
During the school year, Courtney is a health education teacher in Needham, Massachusetts. She is also a licensed physical education teacher. Courtney loves all things sports. She grew up playing most sports and later in life started specializing in volleyball. She played division III volleyball at Trinity College, where she graduated with a B.A. in Education. She later attended Boston University where she got her Masters in Health Education. Aside from camp, teaching and coaching are Courtney's passions in life.
Courtney has coached a number of teams in Massachusetts. She is the head coach of the Needham Girls Volleyball team and has led the team to numerous playoff appearances. She was also the assistant coach for the MIT Mens volleyball team, which was ranked 15th nationally and she assisted the Newton South Boys Volleyball team to a state championship,. She has coached a number of travel teams as well, which have won several New England Regional tournaments. Finally, she coaches our volleyball teams at Evergreen and two years ago, our U15 girls took first place out of six teams and this past summer, they took second out of nine teams. It has been especially fun for Courtney to bring her passion of athletics, and specifically volleyball, even more into the camp community.
Courtney loves that she has her summers off so she gets to keep coming back to camp year after year.
Josh Williams
Program Director / Kenwood Head Counselor
Josh joined the Kenwood and Evergreen family in 2011 as a General Counselor. He graduated from the University of Central Lancashire in 2014 with a bachelors in Sports Coaching, before flying across the Atlantic to become a full time member of the Kenwood & Evergreen Community. While at college Josh worked for the UK Government delivering sporting instruction in partnership with the London 2012 Olympic Games, increasing the accessibility of sports for young people in the community. He represented his county (state) at both rugby and cricket. Dynamic and enthusiastic, Josh has a unique approach to creating programming, staff training and connecting with our campers and counselors.
Sean Atkinson
Training and Development Specialist / Kenwood Head Counselor
Sean began his journey with Kenwood & Evergreen in 2011 as a General Counselor before becoming a Unit Leader. In 2014 after graduating from Edge Hill University with a Bachelors in Sport & Exercise Psychology, Sean was able to make his passion for Camp a full time role and became a member of our year round staff. A huge soccer enthusiast, Sean was a Youth Team member of Wigan Athletic FC, and currently plays Semi-Professional Soccer in Boston. Sean aims to create an unforgettable experience for all staff and campers each summer and during his free time enjoys skiing and searching for the best chocolate chip cookies around.


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Q: How to properly generate a random bytestring in haskell I'm new to haskell and would like to write a function to generate random byte strings.
From my perspective Crypto.Random (from crypto-api v0.3.1) seems to be the best module to use, but I can't figure it out.
I would like to do something like the following:
let size = 2048
let bytestring = randomByteString size

A: *

*You can use any instance of CryptoRandomGen, as Ganesh shows

*You can use System.Random for non-secure random values (see jamshidh's answer)

*You can just get entropy provided by the platform's underlying generator (this is what SystemRandom does under the covers).

Option 3: Getting Entropy From Your Platform
The last technique is the easiest, but has higher overhead on systems without the RDRAND instruction - it has to open a file, read, and close the file.  This is using the entropy package:
import System.Entropy

someFunc = do
    randBytes <- getEntropy 2048
    ....

Option 1: Using a CryptoRandomGen instance
If you want a pure generator but seeded with a high-entropy seed then you can use any of the CryptoRandomGen instantiated values from the DRBG package:
import Crypto.Random.DRBG

Then just Ganesh's example (reproduced here) with a different signature on the newGenIO:
do
  g <- newGenIO :: IO CtrDRBG
  case genBytes size g of
    Left err -> error $ show err
    Right (result, g2) -> return result

For the curious, I reviewed a few of the available secure RNGs on my blog - most of them don't conform to any standard (which isn't good, they appear to be totally off the cuff inventions of the programmer) with the exception of RDRAND, HashDRBG, and HmacDRBG.

A: You need to do this in the IO monad to initialise the entropy for the generator. Something like this fragment will do for a simple example, though in more complicated code you should probably keep hold of the generator g2 and re-use it later.
do
    g <- newGenIO :: IO SystemRandom
    case genBytes size of
        Left err -> error $ show err
        Right (result, g2) -> return result

A: There are many part here, so I will describe how this all works below....  But for now, here is the code
import Data.ByteString
import Data.Word8
import System.Random

randomBytes::Int->StdGen->[Word8]
randomBytes 0 _ = []
randomBytes count g = fromIntegral value:randomBytes (count - 1) nextG
                      where (value, nextG) = next g

randomByteString::Int->StdGen->ByteString
randomByteString count g = pack $ randomBytes count g

main = do
  g <- getStdGen
  let bytestring = randomByteString 2048 g
  print bytestring

First of all, note that you need to supply a random generator.  All computer programs that generate pseudo-random numbers need a random number generator, but most hide this behind the scenes using side effects.  Since there are no side effects in Haskell, you need to manage state yourself (there is a random number generator monad that can do this for you, if you want to go back and hide some of the details, but since this is a learning exercise, I will leave it explicit).
All random generators need to be seeded....  You can create a random generator by supplying your own seed, but this is considered insecure, because anyone could reverse engineer your code and see the seed.  Remember that pseudo-random generators are not actually random, but are a well defined reproducible series that follow from a mathematical formula and a given seed.  (the numbers are only random in the sense that nothing statistical can be predicted about the resulting values without just running the algorithm itself).
Most OSs have some sort of API call that will generate something unpredictable at compile time (ie- a more real random number), but these run slowly, so a usual strategy is to run this once to seed the random generator.  Running getStdGen will do this for you, but because it needs to communicate with the OS, its type is IO a.  I have done this in main, which is already type IO().
The function next returns two things, a random Int, and the next random generator (if you run next on the same random generator, you get the same result.... Try it).  You need to append this value to the resultant list, and feed the next generator into the function again to get the next value on the list.
Note that a ByteString represents a list of Word8 values, and next returns Int, so we need to convert from Int to Word8 using fromIntegral.  This then is converted to a ByteString using pack.


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ProMosaik e.V. interviews the Author William Hanna
13 June 2016 /in English Interviews, our interviews /by promosaik
INTERVIEW of WILLIAM HANNA with ProMosaik e.V.
How did you become a political thinker and why?
I am not intellectually qualified to be regarded as a "thinker" in either politics or religion. My interest in both these subjects has always been limited to observing their negative effect on humanity. One does not have to be an Albert Einstein to recognise the hypocrisy of our Western diplomacy, or the current barbarity of the Zionist/Judaeo-inspired genocide of the Palestinian people. My honest view of both politics and religion — and the lowlife war criminals like Tony Blair who purvey them — has always been one of contempt without limit.
"Every war results from the struggle for markets and spheres of influence, and every war is sold to the public by professional liars and totally sincere religious maniacs, as a Holy Crusade to save God and Goodness from Satan and Evil."
Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007), American author and polymath.
What is your opinion of the relationship between Judaism and Zionism?
The relationship between Judaism and Zionism is at best a tenuous one based on feelings of guilt. Zionism's use of the Holocaust as a weapon is not restricted to non-Jews, it is also used with calculated cynicism to solicit support from Jews in diaspora. Reminders of the Holocaust accompanied by refrains of "by supporting Israel you will be helping to save Jewish lives," are an emotive and powerful combination that hardly ever fail to tug at Jewish heartstrings. Zionism cannot claim and pretend to be representing Jews while simultaneously violating the core ethics and values of Judaism.
To begin with, the Talmudic conception of mankind is one of unity acquiring its character from a common origin and destiny. The basic components of this doctrine are set out in the Bible which traces the origins of the human race to a single person who is formed in God's own image. It is in the Talmud that this doctrine is further developed with the question of "why did the Creator form all life from a single ancestor?" To which the reply is "that the families of mankind shall not lord one over the other with the claim of being sprung from superior stock . . . that all men, saints and sinners alike, may recognize their common kinship in the collective human family."
While human behavior may vary infinitely, the underlying nature of humans is essentially the same. Man as an earthly creature is at the same time a child of God infused with a divine spirit. The appraisal of moral categories suggests that all people are endowed with tendencies to view in their own persons the ultimate conclusion of their seeking transcendence towards which they are but contributing instruments. From these two tendencies flow good and evil which in varying degrees exist within every individual as part of his or her inherent means for life. Furthermore, the Talmud advises that one will discover that "even the greatest of sinners" abounds in good deeds as does a pomegranate abound in seeds. Alternatively, even the greatest saints have their share of moral imperfections because all human beings are cut from the same cloth and there are no distinctions between them.
The sanctity of life is intrinsic to the individual irrespective of national origin, religious affiliation, or social status, and as one Talmudist commented:"Heaven and earth I call to witness, whether it be an Israelite or pagan, man or woman, slave or maidservant, according to the work of every human being doth the Holy Spirit rest upon him." It followed therefore that non-Jews living in Jewish communities were to enjoy all the same benefits as their Jewish counterparts. While Jews were, according to the rabbis, ordained to support their needy, visit their sick, and bury their dead, they were equally "obligated to feed non-Jews residing among us even as we feed Jews; we are obligated to visit their sick even as we visit the Jewish sick; we are obligated to attend to the burial of their dead, even as we attend to the burial of Jewish dead." This rabbinic requirement was based on the premise that those were "the ways of peace."
From this it followed that the supreme sanctity of all human life is pertinent to man's place in the universe: "He who destroys one person has dealt a blow at the entire universe, and similarly, he who makes life livable for one person has sustained the whole world." All law, civil and religious, has as its purpose the promotion of human life, and when it ceases to serve that end it becomes obsolete and is superseded. The question that all Jews must now honestly ask themselves is whether Judaism is becoming obsolete and being superseded by Zionism.
How do you personally judge what is going on in Gaza?
The current and long ongoing events in Gaza are the result of a marriage of convenience between paranoid Zionist political leaders and a settler movement driven by extremist religious parties. Together they want (even though it is not theirs to have) an Apartheid "Greater" Israeli state devoid of Palestinians and the fulfilment of a Biblical prophecy calling for the building of a Third Jewish Temple on Temple Mount — the site where the Islamic Dome of the Rock and the Al-Aqsa Mosque have stood since 691 and 705 respectively. If you visit the Temple Institute website you will be astonished at the extent of the preparations that have already been carried out in anticipation of this great event. You will also be horrified by the realisation that pursuance of this Judaic dream would probably lead to a regional or even global conflict with weapons of mass destruction culminating in a nuclear holocaust. But what does that matter so long as this marriage of convenience can drive out the Palestinians and fulfil some mythical commandment from the realms of Biblical fantasy. But in order for the barbaric Zionists and the deranged religious extremists to achieve their goal, the land must first be cleared of all Palestinian buildings and their inhabitants who are after all— at least according to Israelis — not human beings, but beasts. If these are"God's Chosen People," then who in hell is going to save humanity?
What do you think Jews can do for peace at this moment and how?
Jews in diaspora (especially in America), who are very resourceful and have access to vast worldwide financial resources, could, if they wished, bring about peace in Palestine within a matter of days. All they have to do is to say "enough, already" and make it categorically clear to Israel's savage and deranged Zionists that all Jewish support — financial and otherwise — will cease unless Israel immediately begins to respect international law; begins to abide by the Declaration of Human Rights; and begins to enforce all UN Resolutions starting with the November 1947 Resolution 181 calling for the creation of independent Arab and Israeli states, and ending with the March 2012 Resolution 66/225 relating to Permanent sovereignty of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and of the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan over their natural resources. Zionism can (with iniquitous U.S. support) contemptuously ignore condemnation by the rest of the world, but it could not ignore the the universal condemnation of the Jewish people it claims to represent.
What do you think should change in U.S. politics?
The Mark Twain quote of "we have the best government that money can buy"was true then and is even truer now as witnessed by several events starting with the Republican Jewish Conference in Las Vegas in late March of this year where hopefuls for the 2016 presidential campaign such as former Florida governor Jeb Bush, Gov. Chris Christie, Gov. John Kasich, and Gov. Scott Walker turned up to court big spenders including Jewish casino owner Sheldon Adelson who in the 2012 election spent $100 million of which $20 million was wasted on the losing Republican primary candidate Newt "and I think that we've invented the Palestinian people" Gingrich.
A few days later at the beginning of April, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down limits on individual campaign contributions, ruling that federal caps on combined donations to candidates, parties and political action committees are an unconstitutional infringement on free speech. In other words, the very rich like Adelson (who to date had donated $180 million to the Birthright Israel Foundation) and the Kock brothers (sons of Fred C. Kock, founder of Kock industries, the second largest privately held company in the U.S.) can go shopping for political candidates over whom they will subsequently have complete control. That is what should, but never will change in U.S. politics.
After having observed and been a rather inept member of mankind for many decades — I won't admit to how inept or for how long — I sincerely regret having to say that I see no future for humanity unless people everywhere wake up from their religiopolitical-induced slumber and realise that their wellbeing (and that of their children in the future) cannot be entrusted to either church or state. People must take a weekly timeout from their mundane and selfish lives in the rat race to reflect on the purpose and quality of their existence; to reflect on their lack of participation in the democratic process that affects the extent of their freedom as citizens; to reflect on their failure to remain alert and knowledgeable so as to make their leaders accountable for unaccountable conduct in the affairs of state; and to reflect on the morality of their indifference to the suffering of others as is the case with the current genocide of the Palestinian people. It is only by ensuring human rights for others that we can guarantee human rights for ourselves.
"Every man must decide whether he will walk in the light of creative altruism or in the darkness of destructive selfishness."
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968) African-American Civil Rights leader.
What are the principles for an authentic inter religious dialogue between the three monotheistic religions?
This is a tricky one to answer because as an atheist I can only point out that apart from the concept of monotheism, these three invented religions have throughout history had only one other thing in common — an intense and often murderous hate for each other. Consequently if they fervently believe that their version of God is the one and only true one, then there can be no common ground or principle on which to base genuine inter-religious dialogue.
"Man cannot make a worm, yet he will make gods by the dozen."
Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592), influential French Renaissance writer.
http://promosaik.blogspot.com.tr/2014/08/promosaik-ev-interviews-author-william.html
https://promosaik.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/william-hanna.jpg 638 479 promosaik https://promosaik.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Promosaik_brandwordmark.png promosaik2016-06-13 19:20:012016-06-13 19:20:01ProMosaik e.V. interviews the Author William Hanna
Annalisa Maggiani: danzaterapia ed inclusione ProMosaik e.V. interviewt Paul Eisen