text:
Enda Caldwell is a UK and Irish radio personality and voice actor. As of 2022, he is the "drivetime host" at New York's EDM station, Pulse 87. Caldwell has also previously worked at other radio stations worldwide, including the DRM station Radio Luxembourg, Riviera Radio, Today FM and Atlantic 252.

Career
Caldwell's media career began with helping out at Atlantic 252 as an assistant to Tony West. Originally from Navan, he undertook a course in television in 1991 with Navan Community Television.

His radio career began with a Louth-based pirate radio station, Kiss FM, in Dundalk in Ireland. Caldwell later worked at Tipp FM in County Tipperary, WLR FM in Waterford, LMFM in Louth and Meath, and South East Radio in Wexford, before moving to Kiss 106 in Northern Ireland.

He was an extra (a hospital porter) in the film Angela's Ashes, which was released in 1999.

In February 2000, Caldwell was hired as the overnight presenter with the newly relaunched Atlantic 252. His work there included presenting the final live show broadcast by the station in December 2001.

In parallel with his role at Atlantic 252, as of mid-2001, Caldwell was hosting "Planet Hits" on Today FM. Caldwell also cover-hosted several other programmes with Today FM. He also covered daytime shows at 97.4 Cool FM Northern Ireland. In September 2002, Caldwell moved to the UK to host Wyvern FM's "Home Run" for six months before returning to Ireland. He held a position with Today FM, as a Friday evening host of "Nothin' But 90s", from April 2003 to July 2005.

As of January 2004, the Sunday Business Post reported that Caldwell was working with KFM in County Kildare. From 5 April to 8 April 2004, Caldwell guest-hosted evenings at Kiss100 London as "Kieron", and in September 2004 he covered Jon Hilcock's early breakfast weekend slot on 104.9 Xfm London.

In 2006, he started working with the Luxembourg-based DRM station Radio Luxembourg.

In December 2012, Caldwell was hired by the Ohio-based internet radio station "DSN Hits". He later joined the New York dance station Pulse 87.

Caldwell also owns his own voice-over and marketing company.

References

External links
 Official website

1975 births
Living people
Irish male voice actors
People from Navan
East Coast FM presenters
Irish male radio actors
South East Radio presenters
Radio personalities from the Republic of Ireland
Irish DJs
Irish radio presenters
Electronic dance music DJs

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This form is meant to provide feedback to ABM regarding custodial work on campuses.
Only check what has NOT been done in the room. If task is completed, leave box unchecked.
Checked one day per week. Only check what has NOT been done in the room. If task is completed, leave box unchecked.
Checked the last Friday of each month.
high dust above hand height, all horizontal surfaces including shelves, moldings, ledges, pipes, ducts, heating outlets, etc.
If you have other concerns, please document below.


text:
Far-Left Democrats: Risking the Future of the Whole Party
February 18, 2022 February 18, 2022 by Eli Mshomi
As the midterm elections loom, Democrats are finding it hard to keep the party intact, as different factions of the party find it difficult to come up with common narratives regarding many issues of public interest.
In retaliation for the emergence of the far-right narrative under Donald Trump, an equally vocal far-left narrative bubbled up in the democratic party. And now mainstream democrats are finding ways to distance themselves from this far-left narrative.
This messaging war has made even Joe Biden claim that he is not a supporter of defunding the police narrative, a message which resonated well with far-left ideology after the murder of George Floyd.
This is concerning for the democratic party as subsequent polls have suggested that an average voter is not a big fan of such far-left ideas.
For this reason, the tensions for the party are mounting at a time when Republicans were already doing well in polls regarding the results of midterm elections.
Republicans can campaign against the far-left narrative of some democrats
Some far-left ideologies have made room for Republicans to malign the reputation of the democratic party. Recently BLM activists formally associated with the organization tried to kill a Democratic mayoral candidate from Kentucky. However, within a couple of days, the organization collected $100,000 to release him on bail.
This has prompted Republicans to claim that Democrats are supporting such an organization that is promoting violence in the country.
The donors of the BLM have also come into headlines for supporting the organizations, an event which can be quoted widely in the Republicans 2022 midterm elections campaign.
Mainstream Democrats, even House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, recently disowned the police narrative, suggesting that it is not an official position of the party.
Although some of the Democrats in the same House which she leads have distanced themselves from Pelosi over the said matter, even some progressives are now accepting that they must not embrace the police defunding movement if they really want to stay relevant in the party.
Moderate Democrats are most worried about rising far left
Moderate Democrats are currently the most vulnerable in their reelections in the 2022 cycle.
This has made them compulsive to oppose such far-left ideological beliefs. They are facing a double-edged sword at the moment.
Democratic voters dislike them because they failed to keep up their promise that they would vote for a social spending bill after getting the infrastructure bill passed.
Similarly, as most of them belong to conservative states where even swing voters lean towards the right, supporting the movements like police defunding is out of the equation for them.
Voters are not ready to buy far-left Democratic narrative at the moment
Even the voters of left-leaning cities like Minneapolis and Austin were reluctant to buy the narrative of police defunding.
Voters in these cities embraced rather conservative policies in public polls regarding police and homelessness, shocking many democrats who were planning to build their campaign across these lines.
In another left-leaning city, San Francisco voters voted out three school board members who tried to walk a far left path.
These school members suggested renaming the school named after Abraham Lincoln, as they deemed it flawed. Similarly, the members wanted to end merit-based systems to incorporate Asian Americans by introducing quotas in schools.
Voters are not currently ready to buy this sort of narrative. While this message may start resonating with voters in the new future, as the younger generation continues making up a bigger chunk of voters, currently, Democrats need to walk along voter perception to make their elections count.
There is a starking division even within progressives. Not all of them want to walk the same path.
More progressives are realizing this truth and are moving away from a far-left narrative that may seem ideal in theory but hold little significance in the real world. Far-left ideologies talk about revamping the system completely, hence putting a lot at stake, which could create a sense of insecurity among voters.
This the mainstream democrats have understood quite well, which has helped them in realizing the truth before other factions. The sooner the Democrats realize this, the better for her political career.
Thus it is time for the powerhouse of democrats to step forward and course-correct before it's too late.
Categories US Politics Tags Democrats
Explainer: What Does Russia Really Want from Ukraine
Winners and Losers of Congress Stock Trading Ban

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Jungle Network
This article was originally material for a broadcast of "Wavescan" via Adventist World Radio in October 2000, and now forms part of the Radio Heritage Collection ©. All rights reserved to Ragusa Media Group, PO Box 14339, Wellington, New Zealand. This material is licenced on a non-exclusive basis to South Pacific DX Resource hosted on radiodx.com for a period of five years from June 1 2000. Author: Adrian Peterson
The Story of the Jungle Network in the South Pacific
When we think of the word "jungle", we usually think of a vast expanse of massive trees and thick undergrowth all bathed in a hot steamy climate. Perhaps we would place the location of these "jungles" in the tropical areas of the Amazon Valley in South America and in the mountainous regions of New Guinea. And of course, all of this would be correct.
According to the dictionary, the word "jungle" comes from an Indian word in the Hindi language. In India, the word "jungal" means a desert, a forest, a jungle. It comes from an earlier word in the ancient Sanskrit language, "jangala", meaning a hot dry desert. Thus the word has changed its meaning somewhat over the years, but ask the American, Australian, and Japanese soldiers in the Pacific War what they understood by the word "jungle" and they will all tell you the same thing. It is a place of massive trees and thick undergrowth bathed in a hot steamy climate.
During this Pacific War, a whole network of entertainment stations was installed in the jungle areas of New Guinea and nearby islands. Actually, the first entertainment station in this area was installed, not by the Americans, but by the Australians, at Milne Bay, right at the bottom tip of the 'tail' of the island of New Guinea.
This station was established by the Royal Astralian Air Force and it made its inaugural broadcast on Australia Day, January 26, 1944. The original transmitter was a 60 watt communications unit.
"RAAF Radio", as the station announced on air, was moved shortly afterwards to a jungle location near Madang some 500 miles further up the north coast of New Guinea. At the same time, a new 250 watt transmitter was installed.
It was at this stage, that an interesting relay experiment was implemented. RAAF Radio near Madang relayed the programming live from the Australian Army station 9AA in Port Moresby, on the same channel, 1250 kHz. In view of the fact that there were no telephone lines at the time spanning the 200 miles of mountains, rivers and jungle separating these two locations, then probably the relay link was by shortwave. However, no DX reports at the time refer to this probable relay service.
The first American station in the areas of the "Jungle Network" was station WVTI at Bougainville in the Solomon Islands. This station went on he air in March 1944 under the generic callisgn, AES, American Entertainment Service, though shortly afterwards it was given an American callsign WSSO which was changed again to WVTI.
Station WVTI later moved to Cebu City in the Philippines where it joined the "Mosquito Network", and then to Manila where the network name became FEN, the "Far Eastern Network".
The next American stations in these jungle areas were AFRS1 & AFRS2, located near two small northern cities in New Guinea. The callsigns were changed to WVTA & WVTB when the Jungle Network was established.
Altogether, there were seven American stations in the Jungle Network, all located in New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and the southern Philippines. Each station was given an American callsign in the WVT sequence, ranging from WVTA down to WVTQ. QSL letters were received in Australia and New Zealand from at least four of these stations.
And so we leave the "Jungle Network", which is known today only by some of those who lived and experienced that era way back more than half a century ago. If any of our listeners can provide us with additional information regarding the Jungle Network and other similar stations, do make contact with us at the address below.
Jungle Network Stations
Please let us know of any correction, additions to the above list.
Fiji on Shortwave
Melanesia 0
Radio 9AC Torokina
AFRS Armed Forces Radio Memories 0
Retro Radio Dial: 1953 Australia, New Zealand & Pacific
I remember attaching a wire clothing hanger to the antenna of my radio in my bedroom so I could get the frequency and get that station and listen to the Top 10 every night.~Nelly Furtado


Managing Multi-located infrastructure development and problem mitigation (maintenance) is a very complex and critical task. ProMIS is system software which has been development to manage multi-located physical infrastructure construction including construction progress monitoring, project implementation planning with critical path, financial management with forecasting and post-construction maintenance managements.
The property management information system (ProMIS) developed by ITPL can be one of your greatest assets for your multi- located construction project management from the single interface.
A project is a time and cost constrained operation to realize a set of defined deliverables(the scope to fulfil the project's objectives) up to quality standards and requirements (International Project management Association (IPMA) - IPMA Competence Baseline (ICB), Version 3.0).
Project management is a structured way managing change. It focuses on developing specifically defined Project Outputs that are to be delivered by a certain time to a defined quality and with a given level of resources so that planed Project Outcomes are achieved. Effective project management is essential for the success of a project. Therefore, Managing project is creative and critical task due to time, cost of objective fulfilment constraints; as found from the above definition and as we understand today.


Honda Accord 60 000 Mile Service Cost - Get the latest in-depth reviews, ratings, pricing and more for the 2004 Honda Accord from Consumer Reports.. Honda Accord owners have reported 38 problems related to transmission solenoid (under the power train category). The most recently reported issues are listed below. Also please check out the statistics and reliability analysis of Honda Accord based on all problems reported for the Accord.. The Honda Fit (Japanese: ホンダ・フィット, Honda Fitto), also marketed as the Honda Jazz (Japanese: ホンダ・ジャズ, Honda Jazu), is a five-door, front-engine, front-wheel drive B-segment subcompact car manufactured and marketed by Honda since 2001 and now in its third generation. Marketed worldwide and manufactured at ten plants in eight countries, sales reached almost 5.
Subscribe now and save, give a gift subscription or get help with an existing subscription.. Buy 94-97 HONDA ACCORD VEHICLE SPEED SENSOR, (VSS) (1994 94 1995 95 1996 96 1997 97) H313302 78410SV4003: Transmissions & Parts - Amazon.com FREE DELIVERY possible on. More than you want to know about my experiences with the Honda Insight gas/electric hybrid automobiles!. This site is not affilated with the fabulous Honda Motor Co., Inc. Data FAQs Feedback Log Opinions Pictures Slogans. The Vintage Honda Insights. The 2019 Honda Insight. 2019 Honda Insight in Aegean Blue Metallic, Touring Trim.
the weight of the oil you put in your engine all depends on how many miles you have on the odometer, since you have a honda i would recommend 5w-30 synthetic oil, it helps prolong the engines life, and yes they usually service your car with honda certified products, especially the transmission.. VEHICLE SPEED SENSOR VSS Speed Odometer Sensor For Honda Accord Vehicle 1994-1997 OEM:78410SV4003 78410-SV4-003. Here's how to disable adblocking on our site. Click on the icon for your Adblocker in your browser. A drop down menu will appear. Select the option to run ads for autoblog.com, by clicking either.
Autoblog brings you automotive news; expert reviews of cars, trucks, crossovers and SUVs; and pictures and video. Research and compare vehicles, find local dealers, calculate loan payments, find. Anyone have a/c problems with Honda Civic? - We have two 2010 Honda Civics and have this problem with both of them! After the car sits for a while in the. An electric-vehicle battery (EVB) or traction battery is a battery used to power the propulsion of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Vehicle batteries are usually a secondary (rechargeable) battery.Traction batteries are used in forklifts, electric golf carts, riding floor scrubbers, electric motorcycles, electric cars, trucks, vans, and other electric vehicles..
The Honda Accord Plug-In has been discontinued and was replaced by the Honda Clarity Plug-In hybrid in 2017. The Honda Clarity midsize 5-passenger plug-in hybrid model has more passenger and cargo capacity than previous Honda hybrids and electric cars.. Welcome to P0420.com, the place dedicated to that DTC (diagnostic trouble code) P0420.The P0420 code is a very popular one and that's why there's a site dedicated to that specific trouble code..


text:
Bobby Holland, 83 Watford City, ND
February 5, 2020 | View PDF
Bobby Holland
Funeral services for Bobby Holland, 83, Watford City, ND were at 11 a.m., Thursday Jan. 30, 2020, at Fulkerson Memorial Chapel, Watford City, ND, Pastor Rob Favorite officiating. Interment was in Schafer Cemetery, Watford City, ND under the care of the Fulkerson-Stevenson Funeral Home, Sidney, MT. Remembrances, condolences and pictures may be shared with the family at http://www.fulkersons.com.
Bobby passed away on Friday, Jan. 24, 2020, at McKenzie County Hospital, Watford City, ND.
Bobby Leo Holland was born Nov. 5, 1936 to Leo and Virginia Holland, Raleigh, NC. He had two sisters, Virginia Francis and Mary Elizabeth "Lib".
After graduating high school, Bobby enlisted in the Air Force. He was stationed in Mountain Home, ID, France and Kansas. While in Kansas, he met his wife Grace in 1962. They were married May 12, 1963 at Schilling Air Force Base and had one daughter, Tammy. They continued their time in the service living in Maine, Taiwan, Puerto Rico (Bobby's favorite), Mississippi, Thailand, Alaska, and Las Vegas. Bobby spent four years as a missile technician and the rest of his time as an aircraft quality control inspector. Bobby retired from the Air Force Jan. 1, 1976.
After retiring from the Air Force, Bobby started work with Northern Natural Gas, Kansas. This job took him to Iowa. Bobby then moved to Watford City June 10, 1982 with Northern Border Pipeline. Bobby retired from the pipeline in 2010.
Grandpa Bob was an avid fan of Watford City Wolves and Oiler Hockey when grandkids were playing. He could be found on many road trips that always-involved stopping by his favorite restaurants.
After retirement, Bob would spend winters back home in North Carolina. He always said he was more of a "fair-weather" guy. He really enjoyed visiting family and eating good seafood!
Bob enjoyed camping and fishing. He spent many hours in the boat. His biggest walleye was 14+ pounds in Fort Peck Governor's Cup. His greatest joy was going fishing with his grandchildren and great-grandchildren. During these fishing trips, Grandpa Bob's line wasn't always even in the water, he was just happy to be on the lake with family.
Another great love for Bobby throughout the years was guns. He loved shooting, trading and collecting guns. Later in life he could often be found reloading bullets for his grandkids.
Bobby is preceded in death by his parents, wife Grace, sister Virginia (Lacy) Tripp, daughter Tamara, and granddaughter Billie Jo Heiser.
Bobby is survived by his grandchildren Ashlee (Jared) Schaff, Beau Heiser, Mike (Kelly) Heiser; great-grandchildren Adilyn, Paxton and Devyn Schaff; son-in-law Roland Heiser; sister Lib (Oneal) Grissett; and many nieces, nephews and cousins.
Verna M. Bouchard, 92 Billings, MT
Amy Gurney, 93, Sidney, MT
Willmer "Sonny" Lorenz, 89, Sidney, MT
Harry W. Chornuk, 83 Watford City, ND
Milo Hansen, 69 Sidney, MT
Jan. 24 Is National Pe...Carrie Krug
Fort Peck Community Co...


text:
Desperately Seeking King Arthur: History, Myth and Tourism
Lecture by Susan Aronstein
Given at Sublette County Library on September 27, 2018
King Arthur is good business. The monks at Glastonbury Abbey knew this in 1191 when they "discovered" Arthur's tomb; the Earl of Cornwall knew it in 1233 when he built Tintagel Castle on a rocky coast with no value beside its connection to a mythical king. Medieval and modern tourists want to step into Camelot's story—to draw the sword from the stone, to battle might with right, to seek the grail. Arthur belongs to the mythos that makes England a preferred destination for American tourists. This talk examined two towns, Glastonbury and Tintagel, that have blurred the lines between history and legend to offer tourists a "real" King Arthur. Aronstein looked at how their connections to Arthur have transformed their landscapes and economy, and at how they exemplify the increasing role that Heritage tourism in general plays in shaping British identity.
Susan Aronstein is Professor of English at University of Wyoming. Click here to view her faculty page.
Top Image: The ruin of St Michael's Tower, Glastonbury. Photo by Into Somerset / Flickr


Teleflex Medical had initiated a worldwide voluntary recall on March 19, 2010, affecting certain lot numbers of the Teleflex Medical Aqua+Flex Hygroscopic Condenser Humidifier (HCH) (catalog number 1570) a passive humidifier indicated for use to effectively warm and humidify inspired gas during mechanical ventilation.
Teleflex Medical had received product complaints that the 22cm connector on the flex tube may not fit securely within the endotracheal tube (ET) connector. This may result in the product becoming disconnected from the patient ET tube.
Teleflex Medical said that the device failure is recognisable by the user as an alarm from the ventilator, oxygen sensor or other compatible device to which the AQUA+FLEX tubing is connected. No injuries have been reported to date. However, a disconnected tube in ventilator dependent patients without prompt response to the alarm could lead to serious injury or death.
Teleflex Medical has notified the FDA and other authorities of the recall. The product was distributed to hospitals and distributors in the United States and Japan and may be used in healthcare facilities or in home health care.
Consumers who have AQUA+ FLEX HCH catalog number 1570 product, manufactured between March 2, 2009 and December 14, 2009, with the following lot numbers should discontinue use of Lot numbers which include 200910, 200911, 200913, 200914, 200916, 200919, 200920, 200921, 200927, 200928, 200929, 200930, 200940, 200941, 200942, 200943, 200945, 200948 and 200951.
Teleflex Medical said that the lot numbers are clearly printed on the individual product packaging. Catalog number 1570 is displayed on the product's instructions for use.
Teleflex Medical is the business segment of Teleflex Incorporated. The company said that neither the costs anticipated with the recall, nor the impact on Teleflex Medical's business, are expected to be material to Teleflex.


text:
Agriculture and Agriprocessing
Trump's popularity among farmers fades as trade war drags on
Opinion of the president among farmers—the bedrock of the rural base that catapulted him to the White House—has plunged to levels not seen since October 2016.
(Bloomberg) — American farmer sentiment has plunged to levels not seen since October 2016, the month before Donald Trump's election victory, as the U.S.-China trade war drags on.
The Purdue University/CME Group's agricultural sentiment index fell to 101 points in May from 115 in April. The gauge is based on a survey of 400 agricultural producers. The declines "effectively erased all of the large improvement in farmer sentiment that took place following the November 2016 election," the researchers said in a statement Tuesday.
The index, a measure of perspectives on current and future economic conditions, plummeted a fourth straight month. China's retaliatory tariffs on U.S. farm goods have dented agriculture incomes and disrupted global trade flows. Meanwhile, a torrent of bad weather so far this year has devastated Midwest croplands and delayed planting.
Weather chaos expected to leave record corn acres unplanted
Trump rolling out another $16 billion in farmer trade-war aid
Trump's trade war aid to farmers risks worsening crop stockpiles
Farmers comprise the bedrock of the rural base that catapulted Trump to the White House. On May 23, the U.S. Department of Agriculture announced a second farm assistance program with a pledge of $16 billion to help growers stung by the president's trade spat with China. The administration rolled out a similar program last year.
Still, the aid package faced a muted response. Farmers have said they'd prefer a resumption of normal trade over government handouts. Several farm-state lawmakers say the payments are too meager. And the money risks distorting agriculture markets.
In May, 18% of farmers said it was a "good time" to make large farm investments, while 81% stated it was a "bad time," lowering the investment index to the lowest reading since data tracking began in October 2015, the Purdue/CME survey showed.
"Farmers are facing tough decisions in the midst of a wet planting season and a lot of uncertainty surrounding trade discussions," James Mintert, the barometer's principal investigator and director of Purdue University's Center for Commercial Agriculture, said in the statement.
Trump is also now proposing 5% tariffs against Mexico as talks over immigration continue with the country. Retaliation by Mexico is virtually certain to once again strike Trump's political base.


Long time Halo fan, nerd, rock star, streamer, cookie lover.
We're all out of bubblegum.
We came here to kick BLAM! and chew bubblegum.
DO NOT MESSAGE MANAGEMENT ON XBOX LIVE LOOKING FOR A SPOT. ANY MESSAGES WILL GET YOU BLOCKED AND YOUR REQUEST DELETED!
WE EARNED THE ACHILLES ARMOR ON JUNE 16TH, 2016. NEW MEMBERS WILL NOT RECEIVE IT.
WE EARNED THE ACHILLES HELMET ON AUGUST 12TH, 2018. NEW MEMBERS WILL NOT RECEIVE IT EITHER.
If we are at 100 members, requests to join will be left in our inbox and eligible Spartans will be accepted as spaces open up. Do not message us on Xbox Live, only on Waypoint.
We will not accept players with less than 100 matches in Halo 5 or an all-time top CSR below Silver. Anyone not meeting this will have their request rejected.
Any requests from players who are already enlisted in a different spartan company will be rejected.
If you request to join, please be patient as we don't always get to our messages right away. One of our leaders will check the applications at least once every week.
Any bigotry, personal attacks or harassment will not be tolerated and is grounds for immediate dismissal and ban from the company. There's nothing wrong with trash talk or having a foul mouth but we will not tolerate racism, sexism, homophobia, ect. If you are having an issue with one of our members, please message our leadership.
Griefing will not be tolerated. We all know it's easier to splatter a teammate than an enemy in Halo 5, nobody's getting booted for accidentally backing their Ghost over someone, but if you're repeatedly killing the other members of your team in matchmaking, we're not going to want you to be part of our team.
Unexcused inactivity of 60 days will result in dismissal without notice. If you think you may be inactive for 60 days or more, please let the leaders know and we will make note. We've seen injuries, extended trips and school prevent players from playing in a 60 day period. We're not going to penalize anyone for having life come up. If you appear to have just lost interest in Halo and stop playing, you're fair game to get cut. If you believe you were unfairly cut, message TopherXPwns.
If it appears a player is barely playing in order to get around the 60 day rule, the leaders may decide to remove them. With only 100 possible spots in the roster, it only hurts us to keep someone if they're only playing one or two matches a month. If I can look at the first page of your game history and it's still showing matches from 3 weeks ago, you're not going to last long.
We will not spawn trap or farm other players. We REFUSED to reduce ourselves to such cheap tactics to obtain our Achilles armor. We got there and we EARNED it legitimately. Additionally, we're not going to stall winning objective games just to get extra kills.
TopherXPwns is the founder and leader of the company and handles most of the requests as well as roster cuts.
Vakama905 controls our community sessions.
SideSwyped, WreckItRayy and HugeCandy Dude are founding members of the company but are usually not active on Waypoint. Messages to them will go unread.
All of us are in contact with each other over various means. Any planning, problems or other matters of note are typically shared between us all.
We started as a crew of 4 long term Halo veterans and teammates of over a decade.
We currently have Spartans from all across the globe.
We are very low pressure. We don't ask you to maintain an amazing K/D or win %, nor a minimum level. We just want people who love Halo and are going to remain dedicated to playing and actively contributing to the company.
We encourage our members to be active and social in our private forum here on Waypoint as well as in our private discord chat server.
We are lone wolves, we are team players, we play arena, we play Warzone, we are young, we are old, we are new recruits and we are veterans from day one.
We are the Warzone Wrecking Crew.
do you have faith in 343i for Halo 6?
Not particularly. They've just taken any faith I had in them already and let it go to waste.


We encourage everyone to donate to the Class of 1991 Scholarship Fund which grants money to current Princeton students to pursue specific academic projects.
Click here to pay your dues online!
If you are not sure if you've paid, please check our acknowledgements page, or you can email dmallach@yahoo.com .


Nonlinear polarization spectroscopy in the frequency domain allows rate constant determinations of fast electronic energy and phase relaxations together with characterization of the type of line broadening. Application of this method to the B850 component of the isolated B800–850antenna ofRhodobacter sphaeroides at room temperature shows that B850 is inhomogeneously broadened, with homogeneous widths between 30 and 200 cm−1, depending on the spectral position of the subforms. The corresponding phase relaxation times are clearly in the subpicosecond range. There is also indication of an up-to-now unspecified1–5 ps energy relaxation channel per subunit.


U.S. Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx announced President Obama's $94.7 billion Fiscal Year 2016 Budget for the U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT). The proposal makes critical investments in infrastructure needed to promote long-term economic growth, enhance safety and efficiency, and support jobs for the 21st century.
Speaking at a town hall at Google headquarters in Mountain View, Calif., Foxx highlighted the president's budget proposal, which notably includes funding to advance research and autonomous vehicles, while announcing his report "Beyond Traffic," a look at future trends and choices that will impact America's transportation system over the next three decades.
The last year has demonstrated the pitfalls of repeated short term funding extensions and is why the President's FY 2016 budget creates additional certainty with a six-year $478 billion surface transportation reauthorization proposal that would improve America's highways, ports and transit networks. The proposal would better ensure these systems are safe, and support the development of a high-performance rail system. The proposed budget would be paid for in part with $238 billion from transition revenues generated from pro-growth business tax reform.
In the last six years, Congress has passed 32 short-term measures that have failed to adequately address the needs of the country's aging infrastructure. To keep roads and bridges in good condition, all levels of government — federal, state and local — will need to spend at a minimum $124 billion annually; current spending is at $100 billion. For transit projects alone, there is an $86 billion backlog in maintenance needs that grows each year.
To tackle infrastructure deficit and support job creation, the six-year budget includes $317 billion to rebuild America's roads and bridges, an increase of almost 29% over current investment in the country's highway system. To help meet growing demand, the budget provides more than $143 billion to create and improve transit and passenger rail service.
To encourage private sector investment, the budget includes $1 billion annually for credit assistance for nationally or regionally significant transportation projects through the Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (TIFIA) Program. The budget would also create a new Office of the Assistant Secretary for Innovative Finance to manage the U.S. DOT's credit programs and help projects develop plans to utilize innovative financing.
To improve safety on our commuter systems, the budget provides $3 billion over six years to help with the implementation of Positive Train Control. In addition, $29 billion would be provided for targeted infrastructure investments for deficient roads and bridges through the Critical Immediate Safety Investments Program, including $7.35 billion for rural communities.
For more highlights of the budget, click here.


Download "Two-Year Academic Course Schedule - Fall 2017 through Summer Program Director: Eric Himler Campus Phone :"
TIPS AND TRICKS: Processor 1 within the ADAS is called the ADAS Master. Processor 2 is called the ADAS Slave.
TECHNICAL MANUAL COCKPIT VOICE / FLIGHT DATA RECORDER DOWNLOAD PROCEDURES FOR INTEGRATED VEHICLE HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (IVHMS) U.S.
SBAS NPA, APV and Precision Approach CAT I Rabat, 16/27-03-2015 Target: Learn basic concept on SBAS non precision approach, approach with vertical guidance and precision approach category I procedures.
Common transportation user experience through unified fundamental data definition and movement from mobile elements, to roadside, to centers.
Reliable technology for reliable reference.
Mobile App. User Manual v1.0. Satish Pandit PLEXITECH SOLUTIONS LLP.
Installation Manual. Caution: Preliminary. Due to software development occurring at this time, this manual may contain inaccuracies and omissions.


text:
Comitetul Regional Ucrainean din Bucovina (sau Comitetul Ținutal Ucrainean din Bucovina,  în ) a fost un comitet înființat pe 25 octombrie 1918 la Cernăuți, sub conducerea lui Omelian Popowicz, menit să reprezinte în Ducatul Bucovinei  al Republicii Populare a Ucrainei Occidentale, declarată la Liov la 19 octombrie 1918.

Constituit din reprezentanți ai partidelor politice și ai organizațiilor obștești, Comitetul s-a angajat la punerea în aplicare a unui proiect de partajare a Bucovinei pe criterii etnice, între ucraineni și români. În contextul situaței confuze asociată cu destrămarea Austro-Ungariei, între Comitet – angajat în activitatea de divizare a provinciei și de alipire a teritoriului locuit de etnici ucraineni la statul național ucrainean și Consiliul Național Român al Bucovinei – care dorea menținerea integrității provinciei și unirea acesteia cu România, a apărut un conflict politic. Pozițiile diferite referitoare la ce urma să se întâmple cu Bucovina au devenit evidente, cu precădere succesiv adoptării unor hotărâri cu caracter național, de către Constituanta românească din 27 octombrie 1918 și de către Adunarea ucraineană din 3 noiembrie 1918, ambele desfășurate la Cernăuți.

Deși au avut loc negocieri între cele două părți, acestea au eșuat. Drept consecință, la 6 noiembrie 1918 Comitetul a preluat în mod efemer puterea în partea ucraineană a Bucovinei, inclusiv la Cernăuți printr-o lovitură de stat, sprijinită de militarii ucraineni, în acord cu autoproclamatul reprezentant la românilor Aurel Onciul, adept al unei atitudini moderate de partajare pe criterii etnice, cu referire la Bucovina. La rândul său, adept al unei atitudini intransigente privind menținerea integrității teritoriale, Consiliul Național Român a solicitat guvernului Regatului României să trimită trupe cu scopul de a ocupa provincia. Intervenția Diviziei 8 Infanterie române a debutat, în aceeași zi cu puciul ucrainean de la Cernăuți.

Retragerea trupelor ucrainene din Cernăuți, la 8 noiembrie 1918, a determinat încetarea de facto a autorității Comitetului asupra părții din Bucovina clamate de acesta și a fost urmată de instaurarea la 9 noiembrie 1918, a autorității Consiliului Național Român asupra provinciei.

Problema vest-ucrainenilor, inclusiv a ucrainenilor din Bucovina nu s-a bucurat de atenția cuvenită în timpul Conferinței de Pace de la Paris și a rămas nerezolvată.

Preludiu

În partea de nord-vest, Bucovina era locuită conform recensământului austro-ungar din 1910 în mod majoritar absolut de ucraineni, în proporție de 55 % din populație.

În data de 13 octombrie 1918, la Cernăuți partidele ucrainene național-democrat, radical, popular și social-democrat, au elaborat împreună un comunicat care a evidențiat poziția lor referitoare la partea ucraineană a Bucovinei. Acest comunicat a pus problema unei divizări teritoriale pe principii etnice, între o parte de nord ucraineană (locuită de o masă compactă de ucraineni) și una sudică românească (populată de români). La aceeași întâlnire, a fost aleasă o delegație plenipotențiară de 22 de persoane, formată din reprezentanți ai celor patru partide politice ucrainene și din deputații bucovineni de origine ucraineană din Parlamentul austriac și din Dieta Bucovinei, cu scop de reprezentare pentru o Constituanta ucraineană care urma să aibă loc la Liov.

Lucrările Constituantei din Liov au avut loc la 18-19 octombrie 1918, aceasta decizând crearea unui stat ucrainean vestic, aflat în componența federației austriece. Conform rezoluției adoptate la 19 octombrie 1918, în componența noului stat urmau să intre Galiția de Est, nord-vestul Bucovinei (inclusiv orașele Cernăuți, Storojineț și Siret), precum și Ucraina Transcarpatică (respectiv părțile de nord-vest ale Ungariei). Rada națională ucraineană a fost recunoscută drept organ suprem al puterii statului ucrainean, în respectivul organ urmând să fie reprezentate toate minoritățile naționale, în mod proporțional. S-a hotărât, de asemenea, crearea a două delegații la Liov și Cernăuți, având atât scopul de a conduce direct pe teren regiunile respective, în numele Radei, cât și pe acela de a pregătăti crearea statului ucrainean și de a negocia în acest sens, cu autoritățile vieneze.

Constituirea Comitetului
Revenită la Cernăuți după încheierea lucrărilor Constituantei din Liov, delegația locală s-a văzut nevoită să acționeze de una singură, neavând informații nici din Liov și nici de la Viena, în contextul haosului existent la acel moment, în Austro-Ungaria. La 25 octombrie 1918 astfel, a fost creat un comitet regional (ținutal) al Bucovinei de 30 de persoane, cu participarea reprezentanților partidelor politice și ai organizațiilor obștești. Drept președinte al acestuia a fost ales Omelian Popowicz. Acest comitet a fost investit cu autoritate de a rezolva în mod independent afacerile regionale locale și de a asigura activitățile unor viitoare autorităților ucrainene, în Bucovina.

În cadrul Comitetului au fost create câteva comisii: administrativă, pentru apărarea populară, finanțe, relații interetnice și redacțională. Atât conceperea proiectului hotarului etnografic destinat partajării Bucovinei cât și proiectul de hotărâre al viitoarei adunări au revenit comisiei aflată sub conducerea lui M. Korduba. Activitatea Comitetului de instaurare a statalității ucrainene în nord-vestul provinciei a determinat apariția unei îngrijorări serioase atât în tabăra național-politică românească din Bucovina, cât și în rândul politicienilor din Regatul României.

Pe fondul înrăutățirii relațiilor dintre români și ucraineni, s-a hotărât convocarea la data de 3 noiembrie 1918 a unei adunări (vece) naționale, cu scopul de a aduce la cunoștința publică ceea ce decisese Constituanta din Liov, precum și cu cel de a adopta hotărâri proprii.
În condițiile în care între 28 octombrie și 3 noiembrie Austro-Ungaria s-a destrămat, în noaptea de 31 octombrie spre 1 noiembrie ucrainenii au organizat un puci militar la Liov, la 1 noiembrie aceștia alegând autodeterminarea. În ce-i privește pe românii bucovineni, la 2 noiembrie, la Cernăuți, Consiliul Național Român a trimis Ministerului Afacerilor Externe al României, aflat la Iași, o copie a Moțiunii adoptate la 27 octombrie, solicitând și admiterea unui agent diplomatic propriu, pe lângă acesta.Puciul din Liov a provocat reacția polonezilor, în oraș izbucnind un război civil, care, s-a transformat într-un război cu noul stat polonez.
Lovitura militară ucraineană de la Liov și reacția armată poloneză care a urmat au întrerupt legăturile feroviare și telegrafice, dintre Viena și Cernăuți, lipsa știrilor generând o stare apăsătoare.

Adunarea Națională Ucraineană din Cernăuți din 3 noiembrie 1918
Succesiv exprimării poziției Constituantei românești de la Cernăuți din 27 octombrie 1918, referitoare la integritatea Bucovinei și la unirea acesteia cu celelalte ținuturi românești, la 28 octombrie 1918 a avut loc o adunare a studenților ucraineni la Cernăuți, care, a protestat împotriva rezoluției Constituantei românești, văzută drept o lovitură pentru teritoriile populate cu ucraineni, din Bucovina. Rezoluția adoptată de adunarea studențească a susținut ideea autodeterminării popoarelor și a încorporării orașelor Cernăuți,  Storojineț  și  Siret, în statul ucrainean. Ca atare, Comitetul Regional Ucrainean a decis ținerea unei adunări regionale naționale lărgite. Considerând că românii vor fi astfel provocați și că astfel, evenimentele vor lua o turnură dificil de stăpânit, guverantorul austriac Josef Etzdorf s-a împotrivit însă, ținerii respectivei adunări preconizată la data de 3 noiembrie.
Din cele trei ipoteze luate la momentul respectiv în calcul, respectiv partajarea provinciei între români și ucraineni, statu quo până la Conferința de Pace, sau instaurarea stăpânirii românești în întreaga provnicie, ultima ridica la orizont, în evidență, pericolul unui război  civil  între  ucraineni  și  români, în timp ce prima a fost văzută de către guvernatorul Josef Ezdorf drept soluție de aplanare a conflictului.

La 3 noiembrie 1918, 7000-8000 de oameni (10.0000 după o altă sursă), inclusiv toți deputații ucraineni, s-au strâns la Cernăuți în mod practic în trei adunări: una la sediul Consiliului Național, una în sala Asociației de Muzică și ultima în vechiul teatru orășenesc (devenit Căminul  muncitoresc). Participanții la cele trei adunări au marșăluit apoi, în oraș. Au fost susținute cuvântări și s-au cântat cântece patriotice, printre care a fost și "Pentru învierea Ucrainei", deupă care mulțimea a participat în catedrala orașului la un tedeum oficiat de 20 de preoți ucraineni. Ulterior slujbei, manifestanții s-au îndreptat spre cazărmi și s-au înarmat.

Adunarea națională (Vecea Populară) din acea zi a statutat, printr-o hotărâre, dorința ucrainenilor din Bucovina de unire cu statul național ucrainean (formalizată prin expresia  "Vecea dorește alipirea părții austriece a pământului ucrainean la Ucraina") și a recunoscut  drept putere supremă administrativă în regiunea ucraineană a Bucovinei. Conform textului adoptat, bezirkurile Zastavna, Coțmani, Vășcăuți și Vijnița integral, precum și Cernăuți, Siret – exceptând localitățile stabilite prin ultimele două recensăminte drept fiind cu majoritate românească, alături de localitățile din bezirkurile Storojineț, Rădăuți și Câmpulung – stabilite prin ultimele două recensăminte drept fiind cu majoritate ucraineană, urmau să constituie o regiune teritorială ucraineană. Hotărârea respectivă a a prevăzut și recunoașterea drepturilor minorităților din regiune la egalitate cu ucrainenii, de a a avea o viață politică și la reprezentare în Rada națională. De asemenea, adunarea a înaintat Radei rugămintea de a pregăti o constituție pe principii democratice și de a prelua cât mai rapid administrarea părții ucrainene a Bucovinei. Textul a  respins rezoluția din 27 octombrie 1918 a Constituantei românești, dar a stabilit disponibilitatea de a se negocia cu partea românească precum, și cu celelalte naționalități, problemele aflate în dispută. Hotărârile adoptate de adunare au au constituit un act semnificativ din punct de vedere politic, în ce privește autodeterminarea ucrainenilor bucovineni și au devenit un ghid de acțiune pentru politicienii ucraineni din regiune, care, erau organizați în Comitetul Regional ca parte integrantă a celui de la Liov.
Negocieri purtate cu patru din cei șase deputați români din Consiliul Imperial (Gheorghe Grigorovici,  , Aurel Onciul și Alexandru Hurmuzachi) au existat, dar datorită mărului discordiei reprezentat de orașul Cernăuți, au eșuat. În ce-i privește pe ceilalți doi, Constantin Isopescu-Grecul și Teofil Simionovici, aceștia au fost în perioada respectivă reținuți la Viena, dar și-au exprimat, ulterior, acordul lor cu decizia Constituantei românești.
În acest timp situația din Bucovina s-a agravat, pe fondul demobilizării armatei austro-ungare.

Lovitura de stat ucraineană de la Cernăuți
În contextul dat, membrii Comitetului Regional Ucrainean au început negocieri cu Consiliul Național Român, care negocieri nu s-au finalizat printr-un rezultat pozitiv și la 6 noiembrie 1918, Comitetul a preluat cu sprijin militar ucrainean, puterea în nordul Ducatului de la administrația austriacă a acestuia (este de menționat în acest context opinia istoricului ucrainean , conform căruia adunarea ucraineană care avusese loc la Cernăuți la 3 noiembrie 1918, prin hotărârile adoptate autorizase Comitetul să preia putearea de stat de la Josef Ezdorf).În funcția supremă de conducere a fost numit Omelian Popowicz și toate clădirile publice din Cernăuți au fost ocupate. De asemenea, ucrainenii au preluat în mod direct conducerea Direcției de Poliție și a Comandamentului Provincial de Jandarmerie, în celelalte instituții fiind numit câte un comisar ucrainean pe lângă conducerea acestora. În acelați timp, directorii de servicii din provincie au fost chemați și li s-a solicitat să treacă în subordinea Consiliului Regional Ucrainean. Toți deputații ucraineni din fostul Consiliu Imperial, împreună cu cei din Dieta Bucovinei și câte trei reprezentanți ai partidelor ucrainene național-democrat, popular și radical, au alcătuit o "Delegație  bucovineană" a Consiliului Național Ucrainean de la Liov.

În fața refuzului ultimului guvernator austriac, Josef Ezdorf de a legitima preluarea unilaterală prin forță a guvernării, de către ucraineni, aceștia s-au înțeles cu deputatul Aurel Onciul, care s-a autodeclarat reprezentant legitim al românilor din provincie, pentru o soluție în care conducerea provinciei să fie partajată. Având acest argument, Josef Ezdorf a predat puterea printr-un protocol scris reprezentanților Comitetului Ragional Ucrainean: Omelian  Popowicz, Nikolai Spenul și Evhen Semaka, în acord cu Aurel Onciul, fără ca însă acesta să aibă sprijinul președintelui Comitetului Național Român sau al întregii populații românești din Bucovina.
Fiind reprezentant al unei atitudini moderate în ce privește Bucovina, Aurel Onciul a acceptat partajarea ducatului pe criterii etnice, între români și ucraineni, ceea ce adepții unei atitudini intransigente privind integritatea teritorială a Bucovinei, aflați sub conducerea lui Iancu Flondor, au respins.
Conform înțelegerii dintre Onciul și ucraineni, sudul Bucovinei urma să aibă o administrație românească, orașul Cernăuți o administrație comună ucraineano-română, iar comunele mixte o administrație instalată conform înțelegerii comunităților locale respective, starea respectivă urmând să fie valabilă până la soluționarea statutului Bucovinei de către Conferința de Pace. A fost publicat un manifest în limbile ucraineană, română și germană pentru a anunța acest fapt și în nordul Bucovinei a început crearea unor organisme de stat ucrainene, subordonate Radei naționale de la Liov. A doua zi, funcționarii administrației ucrainene au depus jurământul lui Omalian Popowicz, iar cei români lui Aurel Onciul.

Intervenția militară română
Printr-una dintre ultimele sale decizii, guvernul Alexandru Marghiloman a trimis Divizia 8 Infanterie să ocupe Bucovina, la solicitarea președintelui Consiliului Național Român, Iancu Flondor. Intervenția militară a trupelor Regatului României a început la 6 noiembrie 1918.

Confruntat cu realitatea intevenției militare române, Comitetul Ucrainean Regional a trimis o delegație din Cernăuți cu o notă de protest, adresată Comandamentului român, având calitatea de tentativă de a reține înaintarea trupelor române. Această notă nu a primit vreun răspuns și având în vedere lipsa forțelor necesare rezistenței, Comitetul a început evacuarea. La 8 noiembrie, în ziua începerii retragerii trupelor ucrainene din Cernăuți, președintele Comitetului Regional Ucrainean Omelian Popovicz a dispărut pentru câteva zile, fără a numi un înlocuitor. Acest act a transformat Comitetul, conform opiniei istoricului Ștefan Purici "într-o stafie", incapabilă de a adopta vreo poziție referitoare la soarta Bucovinei.

La 9 noiembrie 1918 Consiliul Național Român a luat sub control cele mai importante instituții din Cernăuți, beneficiind de ajutorul unui detașament de soldați români proveniți din fosta armată austro-ungară. Evacuarea ucrainenană s-a finalizat la 10 noiembrie 1918, prin trecerea pe malul stâng al Prutului a unităților militare ucrainene, iar la 11 noiembrie 1918, trupele române au intrat în Cernăuți.

Regimul ucrainean s-a refugiat la Colomeea, împreună cu banii publici, mijloacele auto și alte bunuri. Membrii rămași ai Comitetului s-au refugiat la Cozmeni (Coțmani), unde, s-au reorganizat împreună cu membrii comitetului ucrainenean districtual într-un comitet regional, care, în contextul avansului forțelor române a rezistat mai puțin de 2 săptămâni.

Referințe

Bibliografie
 Brusanowski, Paul; Cronologia unirii Bucovinei cu România (I); Transilvania, 7/2019; pp. 67-82
 Popovici, Ciprian-Petru; Atmosfera în rândul populației Bucovinei în preajma Unirii;Acta Moldaviae Septentrionalis, XVII, Nr. 100, 2018; pp. 99-105
 Purici, Ștefan; Unirea Bucovinei și grupurile etnice; Analele Bucovinei", Rădăuți–București, anul XXVI, nr. 2 (53), [iulie–decembrie] 2019; pp. 381-386
  Виднянский, Степан; Процессы национального самоопределения на Буковине в 1918 г., ее включение в состав Румынского королевства и румынизация автохтонного украинского населения края. [Procesele de autodeterminare națională în Bucovina în 1918, încorporarea acesteia în Regatul Român și românizarea populației autohtone ucrainene din regiune.]; Русин, 2012, № 2 (28): 23-34
Lectură suplimentară
  Старик, Володимир; Від Сараєва до Парижа. Буковинський Interregnum 1914-1921 (друга частина) – Між націоналізмом і толерантністю [Da la Sarajevo la Paris. Interregnum bucovinean 1914-1921 (partea a II-a) – Între naționalism și toleranță]; Прут; 2009; 978-966-560-389-4

Legături externe
  Vasylova, Valentyna; Bukovina Region in the Collective Memory of Ukraine and Romania: Representation in History Textbooks; Central European University History Department, In Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Yaroslav Hrytsak Second Reader: Balás Trencsényi; Budapest, Hungary; 2008

Bucovina în Primul Război Mondial
Istoria Cernăuțiului
Marea Unire
Crearea statului român modern
1918 în România
Naționalism ucrainean


text:
The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie (Le charme discret de la bourgeoisie) (1972)
"Are you free for lunch Saturday?"
- Henri Sénéchal (Jean-Pierre Cassel)
Review By: Jeff Ulmer
Stars: Fernando Rey, Paul Frankeur, Delphine Seyrig, Bulle Ogier, Stéphane Audran, Jean-Pierre Cassel, Michel Piccoli
Other Stars: Julien Bertheau, Milena Vukotic, Maria Gabriella Maione, Claude Piéplu, Muni, Pierre Maguelon, François Maistre
Director: Luis Buñuel
Manufacturer: DVDL
MPAA Rating: Not Rated for (Nudity, language [supplements])
A+ A A A B
Like many of the directors I have been exposed to through the Criterion Collection, up until viewing Luis Buñuel's The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie (Le Charme discret de la bourgeoisie) for this review, his work was pretty much unknown to me. Although I have seen his earlier Belle De Jour, there is still a lot of his work I have yet to discover, and despite my wish to produce a review expediently, Buñuel is not the kind of director one can sit down and analyse at first pass: his style and subject matter have a unique, surreal and sometimes absurd quality about them, which is perhaps why he is so revered by film enthusiasts.
The premise of The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie seems simple enough at first: six people trying to make arrangements for a dinner get together. However, this description would be akin to saying that Buñuel's friend and collaborator Salvador Dali painted pictures of watches—what is missing is the twisted way the subject matter is presented. We are thrown off kilter immediately, as the first intended rendezvous is thwarted when the guests, Rafael Acosta (frequent Buñuel cast member Fernando Rey as the Ambassador to the country of Miranda), Simone Thevenot, her husband François (Delphine Seyrig and Paul Frankeur) and her sister Florence (Bulle Ogier), arrive in their chauffer-driven limousine a day early. Alice Sénéchal (Stephane Audran), the hostess, explains that there has been a mistake, as her husband is at another dinner engagement, which is countered by Rafael's insistence that would be absurd, as he has other commitments for the following evening, so could not possibly attend. As the hour is late, François Thevenot invites the foursome out to a local restaurant, which has its doors locked when they arrive, though they are finally ushered in, only to discover that the place is empty and under new management. After commenting on the menu selections being cheap, and questioning the quality of their caviar, the group also learns that the recently deceased owner is lying in state in the adjoining room. They of course decide to leave without eating, and arrange for another engagement at the Sénéchal's the following weekend. When we finally meet Alice Sénéchal's husband Henri (Jean-Pierre Cassel), he, François and Raphael are gathered at the Mirandan embassy, where we discover that the ambassador is also a cocaine smuggler, and Sénéchal and Thevenot are his customers. So much for higher morals to match their social stature.
When their guests arrive for their second get together, the Sénéchal's are deeply impassioned in their bedroom, though fearing being overheard as they complete their afternoon tryst, the two sneak out to the garden, though not without being witnessed by the servant girl (Milena Vukotic as Ines), who informs the guests that their hosts have just departed. Assuming something drastic is about to occur, the guests leave hurriedly, and as they do, another character enters the picture, the local Bishop (Michel Piccoli), who upon hearing of the recent firing of the Sénéchal's garden keeper, has decided to apply for the position. Returning to the house expecting their guests to be waiting, the Sénéchals, still dishevelled from their garden romp, instead find the Bishop, now garbed in the gardener's clothes, and promptly throw him out of the house, though in true hypocritic style, welcome him apologetically when he returns in his church attire.
If the above seems at all odd, it is nothing compared to what happens later, as more plans for a meal are made, with increasingly bizarre circumstances coming to play as things progress.
The Discreet Charm Of The Bourgeoisie earned the director Oscar® for best foreign film, and was one of only two of his thirty-three directorial efforts to be recognized by the academy. Throughout the film Buñuel pokes fun at the upper class, from their pompous attitude towards the lower class, to their fixation on flaunting their superior taste and knowledge of fine foods and culture, a knowledge that often times is merely for show, as evidenced by Raphael's use of afictitious subject as a ruse for dismissing François while trying tomask the affair he is having with his wife Simone, knowing François would never admit he wasn't aware of a subject. Also evidenced is theunderlying character behind the aristocratic facade, the lust, thegreed, the corruption and deception, which manifest themselves in themany sequences witnessed in the film. First time viewers can expect the unexpected, since very little in the film is actually what it appears tobe, and don't be surprised if you find yourself wondering what actually happened as the credits roll. While some may try to explain everything with complex and deep interpretations, I'm not so sure that Buñuel isn't simply having fun with his audience, using the film medium as a way of distorting reality in a way only film can.
Rating for Style: A+
Rating for Substance: A
Image Transfer Review: To commemorate the director's 100th birthday (Buñuel died in 1983), The Discreet Charm of the Bourgouisie was given a theatrical re-release, and this anamorphic transfer is from the newly struck 35mm interpositive from the original negative. The source is near flawless, with fine grain well represented. Colors are not overly vibrant, but the presentation is exceptional, aside from the subtitles, which have frequent spelling errors (in the feature and supplements) which prove distracting.
Image Transfer Grade: A
Audio Transfer Review: The French mono soundtrack is clean and free from any audible artifacts, aside from some location background noise. Completely suitable for the film.
Audio Transfer Grade: A
Cast and Crew Filmographies
Packaging: Alpha
Buñuel, El Náufrago de la calle de Providencia (The Castaway on the Street of Providence) 24-minute documentary (1970)
A propósito de Buñuel (Speaking of Buñuel) 98-minute documentary (2000)
Extras Review: This two-disc set features a pair of insightful supplements, which while not overwhelming in their number, are well chosen and certainly give depth and understanding to the man behind the film.
Aside from the feature and a theatrical trailer, the first disc features a 24-minute, 1970 documentary on Buñuel, El Náufrago de la calle de Providencia (The Castaway on the Street of Providence), which is a series of home movies and interviews with director's friends and associates, assembled by his friends Arturo Ripstein and Rafael Castanedo. Here we have candid insight into the director, with clips from his home as he entertains his guests by concocting various cocktails, one of his favorite activities.
Disc two contains the recent 98-minute documentary by Jose Luis López-Linares and Javier Rioyo, A propósito de Buñuel (Speaking of Buñuel). Gathered here is a portrait of the man as told through the eyes of Buñuel's friends, collaborators, family and cast members, intercut with scenes spanning the seven decades he produced films, from his first short collaboration with Salvador Dali, the infamous Un chien andalou (The Andulsuian Dog) in 1929, through to his final film, Cet obscur objet du désir (That Obscure Object of Desire) in 1977. This encompasses the life of the man from his childhood in Spain, through his early career in France, to his exile in Mexico and finally his return to Spain, and gives insights into his personality, lifestyle and work, which are underscored by narrative and filmed documentary from Buñuel himself. A fascinating introduction to the life of a director who always liked to color outside the lines of traditional film. A Buñuel filmography is also included.
The insert features an essay on Buñuel plus his own recipe for the perfect martini.
While I certainly wouldn't suggest The Discreet Charm of the Bourgouisie as a film for everyone, for those who can appreciate it, Criterion has assembled another first rate disc. Viewers may find the film either pretentious and boring or brilliant and engaging, with its caustic, yet subdued humor. Either way its presentation here certainly warrants a visit, and for art house fans this will be a prize for the collection. The two documentaries cover Buñuel and his career from many angles, and offer the first timer a great insight into this gentleman's life and work.


Educational Opportunity Program is a Business Services (Unclassified) business in Santa Barbara, CA.
Educational Opportunity Program classified under Business Services (Unclassified), with principal employer Pete Villarreal Full Name Report is located in Eop Building 434, Santa Barbara, California CA 93106. For sales, support, account inquiries, and how to be an affiliate, the best way to get in touch is through numbers: (805) 893-2664 Full Phone Report.
You can also view their clients' testimonials, government compliance and annual reports through their website. Educational Opportunity Program aims to strengthen their B2B relationships through advertisements and brand promotion.


text:
Planning is Everything when it comes to Foreign Investment Control
Christian Ahlborn
"Technology and its implications for national security have risen to the top of many countries' anxieties when it comes to their willingness to allow inward investments. Some, such as the U.S., are more concerned than others, and whilst it is not possible to summarise a consistent attitude across countries, concerns mostly relate to investments by Chinese buyers including state-owned players.
What is clear is that companies taking over any target with a hi-tech dimension can expect their investments to be closely scrutinised. Ultimately, investors will have to consider the implications of new and strengthened regimes at the planning stage and assess how best to manage timing and other implications as a result of increased uncertainty and complexity."
- Christian Ahlborn
Rather than getting caught up in the hype – and there is a lot of it out there – let's talk about what Foreign Investment Control means. National security and public interest tests and screens are nothing new and have existed in most countries' legislation for decades. What has therefore changed to explain the seeming explosion of transactions over the past five years being subjected to such scrutiny?
First, concern has increased – and so has government involvement and control – as a result of large foreign investment streams coming into Western countries from outside (mostly China), driven less by commercial rationale and more by national strategy.
Secondly, there is now a stronger focus on national self-interest and greater scepticism about the benefits of globalisation, fostering the return of the "national champion".
These concerns have increasingly led governments to use their powers – originally granted as a tool to restrict foreign investment only where key areas of national security and public safety were concerned – in relation to a whole host of other areas such as the semi-conductor, IT and IP, AI, robotics and other new technologies as well as transport and communication technology sectors.
Governments are responding to perceived threats to national security through more rigorous enforcement of existing rules, introducing new restrictions and imposing more onerous conditions before allowing investments to proceed.
A recent example is provided by the latest legislative development at the European Union (EU) level. On 20 November 2018, representatives of EU governments and the European Parliament agreed on draft legislation to screen foreign direct investments (FDI). This new trend in FDI is well-depicted by the Austrian Economy Minister's words: "we are determined to keep our technology sectors and key infrastructure safe". This new EU Regulation, likely to be adopted in the first quarter of 2019, gives greater scope to vet foreign investments into the EU for reasons of security, public order and threats to European technological advantages in key sectors. Member states and the European Commission (EC) are able to consider the potential effects on, among other concerns, critical technologies, including AI, robotics, semiconductors, and cyber security, when deciding whether foreign investments can go ahead.
In the U.S., the Committee on Foreign Investment (CFIUS) is widening the range of sectors in which it is taking an interest. The Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act, passed in August 2018, significantly expanded CFIUS's authority in multiple ways, with increased scrutiny of transactions involving companies in critical infrastructure or critical technologies, non-controlling investments, and certain real estate transactions. The criminal indictments brought in January 2019 against the Chinese telecoms company, Huawei, by two separate grand juries in the U.S. – for the theft of confidential information from competitors and the evasion of international sanctions against Iran – will no doubt only heighten the tensions and uncertainty in this area.
Germany has strengthened existing rules and introduced notification obligations for acquisitions in specified industry sectors related to public security, such as IT, telecoms and critical infrastructure, and it has announced a further reduction in the threshold for reviewing transactions, from 25% of voting rights to 10% for German target entities active in the operation of certain critical infrastructures and defence-related investigations. France has also progressively tightened its regime over the past few years, and the most recent reforms came into force on 1 January, extending the list of sectors covered to new strategic sectors including in relation to aero-spatial activities, information system security, cyber security, AI, robotics and activities relating to the storage of data whose disclosure is likely to harm strategic interests.
Meanwhile, the UK is considering very wide-ranging reforms, which would enable the government to review all types of investments, in virtually any sector. With the increased scrutiny of foreign investments and uncertainty over deal completion that such proposals bring, there is concern that investors may be deterred in the future from investing in the UK at all. In response to this, the government is currently considering how to give guidance to investors to avoid a "chilling effect" on investment.
Christian Ahlborn Global Head of Competition / London
Download report (as PDF)
Competition Outlook for 2019
Preparing effectively and working collaboratively with authorities can go a long way in successful merger control
Technology works both ways when it comes to anti-competitive behaviours
The challenges borne of digitisation affect everyone


text:
Patient and Staff Radiological Protecti...
Patient and Staff Radiological Protection in Cardiology
The consultation period ended August 19, 2011
View Jenna Wilkes on behalf of American Society of Nuclear Cardiology Fri Aug 19 21:30:40 UTC+0200 2011
View William A. Van Decker , MD as an individual USNRC Advisory Committee on the Medical Use of Isotopes Fri Aug 19 16:39:05 UTC+0200 2011
View Christopher J. White, M.D., FSCAI on behalf of Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions Fri Aug 19 16:10:36 UTC+0200 2011
View Chris Wood on behalf of Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine Fri Aug 19 11:18:00 UTC+0200 2011
View David R. Holmes, Jr. on behalf of American College of Cardiology Thu Aug 18 20:16:59 UTC+0200 2011
View Andy Rogers on behalf of British Institute of Radiology + Royal College of Radiologists Wed Aug 17 13:53:15 UTC+0200 2011
View Matthew Budoff, MD on behalf of Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography Tue Aug 16 17:25:23 UTC+0200 2011
View Bruce D. Lindsay, M.D. as an individual Cleveland Clinic Mon Aug 15 16:33:01 UTC+0200 2011
View Stephen Balter as an individual Columbia University Sun Aug 14 17:26:54 UTC+0200 2011
View Cari Borras on behalf of Radiological Physics and Health Services Consultant Sat Aug 13 05:00:45 UTC+0200 2011
View Michael Peters on behalf of American College of Radiology Fri Aug 5 19:46:53 UTC+0200 2011
View AUBERT Bernard as an individual IRSN (Institute of Radiation protection and Nuclear Safety) Mon Jul 25 17:28:13 UTC+0200 2011
View Oliver Gosling as an individual Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust Fri Jun 10 17:06:51 UTC+0200 2011


text:
L'homoplasie est la similitude d'un état de caractère chez différents taxons qui, contrairement à l'homologie, ne provient pas d'un ancêtre commun.

Il existe différents types d'homoplasie : la convergence, le parallélisme et la réversion.
 la convergence : ressemblance apparue indépendamment chez des taxons distants phylogénétiquement.
 le parallélisme : ressemblance apparue chez des taxons relativement proches.
 la réversion : un état dérivé d'un caractère revient à un état ancestral (antérieur).

L'homoplasie de fonction est une analogie, c'est-à-dire une ressemblance de caractères remplissant les mêmes fonctions biologiques.

Une homoplasie peut être simple, telle qu'un changement de monomères d'ADN, ou bien complexe, comme une réorganisation indépendante de systèmes multiples composés de plusieurs gènes et membres qui convergent vers une même fonction. Dans tous les cas, ces similitudes sont survenues par des événements indépendants sur des lignages séparés, puisque ces caractéristiques ne correspondent pas à des évènements uniques chez un ancêtre commun.

Niveau moléculaire
Il n'y a pas de preuve à ce jour que les données moléculaires soient moins homoplasiques que les données morphologiques. La convergence est peut-être moins fréquente parmi certains caractères moléculaires tels que l'ADN ou les sites de restriction. Cependant, ils sont globalement moins exposés à la sélection naturelle que les caractères morphologiques.

Remplacement d'un nucléotide
Les organismes qui occupent un rôle écologique similaire évoluent souvent de manière convergente avec des phénotypes similaires qui reflètent des pressions de sélection similaires. Cependant, l'homoplasie peut être engendrée en l'absence de sélection via des mutations récurrentes. Lorsqu'un organisme n'est pas sous sélection, les mutations, ne diminuant pas l'adaptation, ont tendance à s'accumuler. Ainsi, des mutations analogues peuvent s'accumuler par chance dans les espèces. Les mêmes remplacements de nucléotides (mutations analogues) peuvent se produire dans différentes lignées de manière indépendante par hasard et s'accumuler. Ce phénomène ne reflète donc pas un ancêtre commun mais plutôt un changement parallèle, inverse ou convergent.

Prenons l'exemple de deux espèces différentes, 1 et 2. Une mutation peut surgir sur le lignage conduisant à l'espèce 1, changeant ainsi le T en troisième position pour un A. Indépendamment, une mutation peut aussi modifier le nucléotide G en troisième position pour un A dans le lignage qui conduit à l'espèce 2. Finalement, les séquences des deux espèces sont identiques bien que le nucleotide A ne soit pas hérité d'un ancêtre commun. Il ne peut être alors considéré comme homologue. Il s'agit ainsi d'une homoplasie, c'est-à-dire une similitude qui résulte d'évènements indépendants sur deux lignages différents. Le nombre d'homoplasies récurrentes, comme celle de l'exemple précédent, devrait généralement augmenter avec le nombre de taxons dans une lignée. En fait, plus on compare d'espèces divergentes, plus on a de chances que deux ou plusieurs de celles-ci partagent une mutation basée sur le hasard et non sur un ancêtre commun.

Transfert de gènes horizontal
Le transfert de gènes horizontal peut aussi générer de l'homoplasie. Il s'agit d'une manière de propagation d'un trait dans un taxon qui diffère de la forme de transmission habituelle soit verticale et biparentale. C'est ainsi, par exemple, que de nombreux microbes infectieux ont acquis la résistance aux mêmes antibiotiques par la propagation et l'incorporation de plasmides contenant la séquence génétique pour une telle résistance. Un autre exemple d'homoplasie grâce au transfert horizontal de gènes sont les syncytines. Ces protéines jouent un rôle important dans le développement du placenta. Elles provoquent la fusion des cellules et permettent le développement du syncytiotrophoblaste, un des tissus qui composent le placenta. Celui-ci possède des propriétés immunodépressives, ce qui évite au système immunitaire de la mère de rejeter le fœtus. Les gènes qui codent les syncytines proviennent de rétrovirus ayant infecté de nombreuses fois les mammifères de manière indépendante. En effet, on retrouve ces protéines dans plusieurs mammifères tels que les souris, les écureuils et les humains. Chez l'être humain, il existe deux de ces gènes intacts d'enveloppe issus d'infections par des rétrovirus endogènes exprimés de manière spécifique dans le placenta : Syncytin-1 et Syncytin-2. Pour faire fusionner les cellules, les gènes de ces protéines utilisent le même mode d'action que les rétrovirus. En fait, tout comme les protéines ancestrales de rétrovirus, les syncytines reconnaissent un récepteur cellulaire spécifique et ont une activité immunosuppressive. Ainsi, il y a de nombreuses années, un virus aurait infecté la cellule, copié son ADN pour ensuite l'intégrer au génome de la cellule. La cellule aurait exprimé ses nouveaux gènes et commencé à synthétiser de la syncytine. Ce processus se serait produit dans plusieurs groupes différents de mammifères placentaires de manière indépendante grâce au phénomène de convergence évolutive.

Triade catalytique
On désigne triade catalytique les trois résidus d'acides aminés qui interviennent ensemble dans le site actif de certaines hydrolases et transférases. Les protéases de sérine jouent un rôle essentiel dans de nombreuses fonctions cellulaires et extracellulaires telles que le processus de coagulation sanguine, la digestion des protéines, la signalisation cellulaire, l'inflammation et la transformation des protéines. Ceux-ci contiennent tous la triade Ser/His/Asp. Deux des protéases-sérine les plus connues qui utilisent cette triade sont chrymotrypsine et la trypsine. La subtilisine utilise elle aussi la triade catalytique mais elle n'a aucune similarité de séquence avec les deux protéases précédentes. Elle adopte la structure de feuille ouverte α/β- torsadée plutôt que la structure en double tonneau-β. La subtilisine et la chymotrypsine sont de bons exemples d'homoplasie. Bien que les plis protéiques de ces protéases soient complètement différents, les deux ont convergé vers un mécanisme similaire de Ser/His/Asp. De plus, la trypsine et la chymotrypsine sont des protéases digestives tandis que la subtilisine est une protéase bactérienne produite par Bacillus subtilis. Les contraintes chimiques et physiques sur la catalyse des enzymes ont ainsi engendré des arrangements identiques de triade. En fait, la nature même des réactions chimiques catalysées ont conduit de façon indépendante aux mêmes types de sites actifs d'au moins 23 superfamilles distinctes.

Voie de signalisation des EGFR

La voie de signalisation des EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) joue un rôle essentiel dans le développement des vertébrés et des invertébrés. Cette voie s'est développée chez les deux groupes de manière indépendante. Chez les vertébrés, elle détient un rôle important dans l'embryogenèse et le développement. EGFR présente un rôle physiologique préférentiel dans le développement des tissus d'origine épithéliale. L'activation du récepteur a pour conséquence d'augmenter la prolifération cellulaire et la motilité cellulaire ainsi que de diminuer l'apoptose. Tout comme chez les vertébrés, la voie des EGFR est nécessaire à un grand nombre d'étapes dans le développement des invertébrés, plus particulièrement de la Drosophile. Cette voie permet d'établir l'axe antéro-postérieur de l'embryon, de contrôler le destin cellulaire pendant le développement des disques embryonnaires et imaginaux et pendant l'oogenèse.

Écholocation
L'homoplasie au niveau moléculaire engendre parfois de l'homoplasie au niveau morphologique. En effet, la comparaison des génomes d'écholocation des chauves-souris et des dauphins identifie plusieurs substitutions d'acides aminés convergentes dans les gènes impliqués dans l'audition et la vision. Il a été déterminé que les deux types d'écholocation soit chez la chauve-souris et le dauphin avaient les mêmes mutations dans une protéine particulière appelée prestine qui affecte la sensibilité de l'ouïe. De plus, l'analyse d'autres gènes connus pour être impliqués dans l'audition a démontré que plusieurs protéines avaient aussi été modifiées de manière similaire chez ces deux mammifères. En fait, pas moins de 200 gènes ont changé indépendamment de la même façon. La plupart de ces gènes sont impliqués dans l'audition mais d'autres ne sont pas directement liés à l'écholocation jusqu'à présent mais plusieurs seraient importants pour la vision. Ainsi, la convergence n'est pas qu'un processus restreint à plusieurs loci, mais peut engendrer des homoplasies moléculaires répandues dans le génome. L'écholocation est un mode de repérage et de visualisation utilisé par quelques mammifères tels que les chauves-souris et les dauphins lors de leurs déplacements pour localiser leurs proies et les obstacles dans leur environnement. Ceux-ci émettent des ondes sonores qui sont renvoyées lorsqu'elles se heurtent à une proie ou un obstacle. Elles sont ensuite enregistrées et visualisées par le cerveau de l'animal ce qui lui fournit ainsi une image en trois dimensions de son environnement. Puisque cette caractéristique leur procure un net avantage, il n'est donc pas difficile de comprendre pourquoi la sélection naturelle conserva ces mutations chez ces mammifères très différents.

Niveau morphologique
De nombreuses similarités phénotypiques ont évolué de manière indépendante dans différentes lignées. Ces homoplasies sont convergentes soit au niveau de la structure, soit au niveau de la fonction ou même les deux. Ces convergences morphologiques sont des réponses évolutionnaires à des patrons de sélection naturelle similaires dans les habitats des espèces. Il existe de nombreux exemples de ces homoplasies physiologiques dont quelques-uns sont décrits ci-dessous.

Forme hydrodynamique du corps
La forme du corps des vertébrés marins comme les poissons, les ichtyosaures, les dauphins et les phoques est un cas intéressant d'homoplasie. Prenons comme exemple les requins et les dauphins qui possèdent la même forme hydrodynamique. Puisque les dauphins ont évolué depuis un ancêtre tétrapode, ce caractère ne peut être dû par la présence d'un ancêtre commun. En effet, les fossiles conservés prouvent bel et bien que certains mammifères terrestres ont modifié leur mode de vie passant de la terre à l'eau et ont évolué des formes hydrodynamiques du corps tout comme les espèces marines déjà présentes à cette époque. Ainsi, bien que ces deux vertébrés partagent des ancêtres communs, leurs formes de corps n'est pas dérivé de ceux-ci. Ces deux espèces ont été confrontées aux mêmes pressions de sélection des milieux aquatiques. Leurs formes de corps hydrodynamiques est ainsi une adaptation indépendante et convergente à la vie aquatique afin d'améliorer leurs performances et leurs vitesses sous l'eau.

Aile et vol actif

L'exemple d'homoplasie le plus souvent énoncé est sans contredit le vol actif. Il s'agit d'une convergence morphologique de structure et de fonction. Trois groupes séparés de tétrapodes ont modifié leurs membres antérieurs en ailes soit les ptérosaures, les oiseaux et les chauves-souris. Bien que leurs ailes soient superficiellement semblables, elles sont construites très différemment. Les ailes de chauves-souris sont composées en grande partie de leur main dont les doigts sont très allongés et entre lesquels est tendu une membrane de peau palmée. Les ailes des ptérosaures, aujourd'hui éteints, sont similaires. Cependant, elles sont constituées d'un seul doigt, au lieu de 4, d'où s'étire une membrane de peau jusqu'au côté de l'animal. Les ailes des oiseaux sont encore plus différentes puisqu'elles sont constituées de plumes allongées attachées aux os s'étendant sur tout le long de leurs membres antérieurs. Ces différences structurales suggèrent que leurs ailes, bien que d'apparences similaires, ont évolué de manière indépendante et ne seraient pas héritées d'un ancêtre commun avec des ailes. Les trois lignées distinctes auraient, en fait, répondu de la même façon aux mêmes pressions de sélection. Finalement, les ailes de ces trois groupes sont des modifications convergentes des membres antérieurs, structure originellement utilisée pour la marche et la course. Sans peau membraneuse ou plumes sur leurs membres antérieurs, ces espèces seraient confinées à une vie au sol et ne pourrait éviter la forte prédation qui s'y trouve.

En plus des oiseaux, des chauves-souris et des ptérodactyles, le vol actif a aussi évolué indépendamment chez les insectes. Leurs ailes sont, quant à elles, radicalement différentes. Ceux-ci n'ont pas modifié leurs membres antérieurs comme les tétrapodes. En fait, l'origine des ailes des insectes seraient une modification des branchies originellement présentes seulement lors du stade larvaire. Présentes sur de nombreux segments sur l'abdomen des larves aquatiques, ces structures branchiales se sont développées sur certains segments alors qu'ils ont été supprimés sur d'autres. Cette restructuration a alors mené aux premiers insectes volants à 4 ailes. Il est possible d'observer cette condition primitive chez certains insectes aquatiques adultes comme l'éphémère. Encore une fois, ce sont pour des raisons fonctionnelles et non héréditaires que les insectes auraient développé la capacité de vol. La sélection naturelle aurait alors avantagé les insectes dotés d'ailes passant du milieu aquatique à l'atmosphère.

Yeux camérulaires
L'évolution répétée des yeux de type « chambre noire » ou camérulaire est l'un des exemples d'homoplasie des plus impressionnants. On appelle yeux camérulaires les yeux dont la rétine est concave et qu'une image de l'espace visuel peut être réalisée par l'adjonction d'une lentille convergente devant cette surface. Un compartiment liquidien ou humeur vitrée sépare le cristallin de la rétine, ce qui a pour conséquence la formation de l'image d'un objet dans le plan focal rétinien. Ce type d'œil a évolué indépendamment chez les cnidaires (certaines méduses), les céphalopodes (comme les calmars et les pieuvres) et les vertébrés (oiseaux, mammifères). Il existe cependant quelques différences morphologiques entre les yeux des céphalopodes et des vertébrés. Ces derniers possèdent une rétine en position inversé comparativement à la rétine directe des céphalopodes. Par exemple, les photopigments sont directement touchés par les rayons lumineux chez la seiche par rapport aux vertébrés où la lumière doit traverser un grand nombre de couches cellulaires avant d'atteindre les cellules photoréceptrices.

Mammifères placentaires et mammifères marsupiaux

Certains animaux très éloignés géographiquement mais vivants dans des habitats similaires et se nourrissant d'aliments similaires ont des ressemblances physiologiques étonnantes. C'est le cas des mammifères placentaires d'Amérique du Nord et des mammifères marsupiaux d'Australie regroupant plusieurs espèces partageant de nombreuses homoplasies dues à l'évolution convergente. Les Marsupiaux se caractérisent par un développement embryonnaire qui commence dans l'utérus maternel et se poursuit dans une poche ventrale. Ils se distinguent des Placentaires, dont le développement embryonnaire se déroule entièrement dans l'utérus. Certains Marsupiaux d'Australie ressemblent étonnamment à plusieurs Placentaires de divers continents.

Prenons comme exemple les écureuils volants (Glaucomys volans) et les phalangers du sucre (Petaurus breviceps). Ce dernier est un marsupial arboricole tandis que l'écureuil est un placentaire qui saute d'arbre en arbre dans les forêts d'Amérique du Nord. Les deux présentent des adaptations similaires puisqu'ils sont dotés les uns et les autres de membranes qui leur permettent de planer entre les arbres et ralentir leur chute. On ne peut expliquer ces ressemblances par la présence d'un ancêtre commun puisque ces deux lignées distinctes de mammifères ont divergé après que la Pangée se soit déjà séparée en continents du nord et du sud.  La parenté entre ses espèces est très lointaine et leur ancêtre commun ne détenait pas la capacité de planer. On parle alors ici d'homoplasie et non d'homologie. Ainsi, bien qu'ils aient évolué indépendamment à partir d'ancêtres différents, ces deux petits mammifères se sont adaptés de manière semblable à des environnements similaires.

Végétaux en milieu désertique
L'homoplasie peut être retrouvé aussi bien chez les animaux et les insectes que chez les végétaux. Comparons, par exemple, les cactus retrouvés en Amérique du Nord et du Sud tels que Echinocereus avec les euphorbes des déserts du sud de l'Afrique et de Madagascar. Leurs apparences générales sont extraordinairement similaires. En effet, les euphorbes ont évolué au fil du temps des caractéristiques physiques semblables aux cactus de sorte qu'elles sont très souvent appelées « cactus » à tort. Ces deux plantes occupent des habitats secs et désertiques ainsi ils ont développé des caractéristiques similaires pour minimiser leurs pertes en eau. Ils ont développé des tiges épaisses capables de stocker ainsi que des structures épineuses pour décourager les animaux à se nourrir d'eux en plus de réduire les surfaces d'évaporation. Ces végétaux pratiquent aussi la photosynthèse CAM, métabolisme acide crassulacéen, et leurs stomates ne s'ouvrent que pendant la nuit pour absorber le dioxyde de carbone. Ainsi, bien que le cactus d'Amérique et l'euphorbe d'Afrique ne partagent pas la présence d'un ancêtre commun avec ces caractéristiques dans leur lignée, les deux ont convergé vers les mêmes solutions afin de lutter contre les périodes de sécheresse.

Ces exemple d'homoplasie sont tous formés par l'environnement physique des organismes en question soit la possibilité de voler dans les airs pour les ailes ou de se déplacer efficacement dans l'eau pour la forme du corps hydrodynamique, la perception de la lumière pour les yeux camérulaires, etc. On pourrait s'attendre à ce que la présence fixe de ces caractéristiques environnementales conduise à l'adaptation de nombreuses espèces.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Phylogénie
 Homologie (évolution)
 Convergence évolutive

Liens externes
 http://extraordinairemondeduplacenta.weebly.com/la-syncytine.html
 http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2011_0050_CHRETIEN.pdf
 http://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/echolocation/
 http://www.futura-sciences.com/sante/dossiers/medecine-oeil-vision-dela-vision-667/page/2/
 http://www.australia-australie.com/articles/les-marsupiaux
 http://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/mammiferes-placentaires-origine-des/

Concept de biologie de l'évolution
Concept ou hypothèse paléontologique


text:
HIGHWAYS ACT 1980, SECTION 118 NOTICE OF MAKING A PUBLIC PATH EXTINGUISHMENT ORDER
Notice ID: OX4019960
26th April 2017 to 26th May 2017
HIGHWAYS ACT 1980, SECTION 118 NOTICE OF MAKING A PUBLIC PATH EXTINGUISHMENT ORDER South Oxfordshire District Council (Public Footpaths, 359/1 (pt) & 359/5 (pt), Piccadilly Farm, Stadhampton) Extinguishment Order 2017.
The above Order, made on Monday 24 April 2017 under Section 118 of the Highways Act 1980, will extinguish the full width of that part of Public Footpath 359/1 commencing at OS Grid Reference SU 6129
9822 (Point A on the Plan) and running in a generally
west north westerly direction for approximately 27
metres to Grid Reference SU 6126 9823 (Point B on
the Plan), then running north westerly for
approximately 13 metres to Grid Reference SU 6125
9823 (Point D on the Plan) and the full width of that part
of Public Footpath 359/5 commencing at OS Grid Reference SU 6126 9823 (Point B on the Plan) and running in a west south westerly direction for
approximately 14 metres to Grid Reference SU 6125 9822 (Point C on the Plan).
A copy of the Order and the Order map may be seen free of charge at South Oxfordshire District Council,
135 Eastern Avenue, Milton Park, Milton OX14 4SB from 8.30 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. Monday to Friday. Copies of the Order and map may be bought there at the price of £10.
Any representation about or objection to the Order
may be sent or delivered in writing addressed to the Democratic Services Manager, South Oxfordshire
District Council, 135 Eastern Avenue, Milton Park, Milton OX14 4SB not later than Tuesday 30 May 2017.
Please state the grounds on which it is made.
If no such representations or objections are duly made,
or if any so made are withdrawn, South Oxfordshire District Council may itself confirm the Order as an unopposed order. If the Order is sent to the Secretary of State for the Environment for confirmation any representations or objections which have not been withdrawn will be sent with the Order.
Dated: 26 April 2017
Steven Corrigan Democratic Services Manager
OX4019960.pdf Download
South Oxfordshire District Council
135 Eastern Avenue , Milton Park , Milton , Oxfordshire , OX14 4SB
info@southoxon.gov.uk http://www.southoxon.gov.uk/ 01491 823 000
HIGHWAYS ACT 1980, SECTION 26 NOTICE OF CONFIRMATION OF A PUBLIC PATH CREATION ORDER
HIGHWAYS ACT 1980, SECTION 26 NOTICE OF CONFIRMATION OF A PUBLIC PATH CREATION ORDER South Oxfordshire District Council (Footpaths at Piccadilly
HIGHWAYS ACT 1980, SECTION 26 NOTICE OF MAKING A PUBLIC PATH CREATION ORDER
HIGHWAYS ACT 1980, SECTION 26 NOTICE OF MAKING A PUBLIC PATH CREATION ORDER South Oxfordshire District Council (Footpaths at Piccadilly Farm,
The Town and Country Planning Act requires the following to be advertised
SOUTH OXFORDSHIRE DISTRICT COUNCIL The Town and Country Planning Act requires the following to be advertised: P19/S2007/O Clearance of
Planning Acts
PLANNING ACTS The Planning Acts require the District Council to give notice that it has received the following applications. P16/S3873/HH (LB)
HIGHWAYS ACT 1980, SECTION 118 NOTICE OF CONFIRMATION OF A PUBLIC PATH EXTINGUISHMENT ORDER South Oxfordshire District Council (Public Footpaths, 359/1 (pt) & 359/5 (pt), Piccadilly Farm"Stadhampton) Extinguishment Order 2017.
HIGHWAYS ACT 1980, SECTION 118 NOTICE OF CONFIRMATION OF A PUBLIC PATH EXTINGUISHMENT ORDER South Oxfordshire District Council (Public Footpaths,
TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING (DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE) (ENGLAND) ORDER 2010 NOTICE UNDER ARTICLE 11 OF APPLICATION FOR PLANNING PERMISSION
TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING (DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE) (ENGLAND) ORDER 2010 NOTICE UNDER ARTICLE 11 OF APPLICATION FOR PLANNING
Notice effective from Thu 23 Feb 17 to Sat 25 Mar 17
PLANNING ACTS The Planning Acts require the District Council to give notice that it has received the following applications. P17/S1078/FUL (LB)
PLANNING ACTS The Planning Acts require the District Council to give notice that it has received the following applications. P16/S4037/FUL
Summit Service Station
LICENSING ACT 2003 Application for a variation of a Premises License. To whom it may concern, take note that U & I Fuels Ltd give
PLANNING ACTS The Planning Acts require the District Council to give notice that it | has received the following applications
SOUTH OXFORDSHIRE DISTRICT COUNCIL The Town and Country Planning Act requires the following to be advertised:
SOUTH OXFORDSHIRE DISTRICT COUNCIL The Town and Country Planning Act requires the following to be advertised: P17/S4426/HH Addition of 1 extra
JANET BRINDLEY GLOVER (Deceased)
JANET BRINDLEY GLOVER (Deceased) Pursuant to the Trustee Act 1925 any persons having a claim against or an interest in the Estate of the
Notice effective from Mon 16 Oct 17 to Wed 15 Nov 17
KAROLINA DOROTA PLUCINSKA (Deceased)
KAROLINA DOROTA PLUCINSKA (Deceased) Pursuant to the Trustee Act 1925 any persons having a claim against or an interest in the Estate of the
SOUTH OXFORDSHIRE DISTRICT COUNCIL The Town and Country Planning Act requires the following to be advertised: P18/S0850/FUL Variation of
Notice effective from Thu 5 Apr 18 to Sat 5 May 18
SOUTH OXFORDSHIRE DISTRICT COUNCIL The Town and Country Planning Act requires the following to be advertised: P18/S1156/HH Removal of 14


The below Import requirements for crustaceans of the order Decapoda and polychaete worms of the class Polychaeta are published in the Quarantine WA Import Requirements manual.
the consignment is accompanied by that certificate of irradiation.
the containers holding the polychaete worms are labelled with the producer, the trade or common name of the polychaete worms, and the place where the polychaete worms were taken.


Extending your house is an almost sure-fire way to add value to your property quickly and effectively. You can improve functional, liveable space, add more aesthetic appeal and get potential buyers' attention with improved street appeal. But there are some blunders that need to be avoided to make sure you don't end up decreasing the value of your property.
Extending your house can completely change the feel of your home – for the better or for worse. Make sure you're doing the right things to add value and avoiding the typical house extension blunders that decrease its value.
If you live in a typically high-priced neighbourhood, but your home is less appealing than those around it, you can bring your house up to standard by adding an appealing façade. This kind of house extension is relatively inexpensive compared with the substantial returns it attracts.
The more bedrooms a property has, the higher the value of the home. Because bedrooms don't normally require extra plumbing work, adding bedrooms to your home is a quick and fuss-free way to increase value. Look at the house prices in your area to check whether houses in your area are typically priced a lot higher when they have one more bedroom than your home does.
Renovating existing functional spaces like the kitchen and bathroom is also a great way to add value without undergoing a full house extension.
You might choose to extend an area to let in more natural light, or to take advantage of a good view. Adding dormer windows to a pitched roof, for example, is a cost-effective way to add aesthetic appeal from both inside and outside the house while increasing space and natural light. Other not-too-drastic house extensions could include creating a better indoor-outdoor flow from the kitchen or living area to an outdoor entertaining area.
Extending your house doesn't have to mean building a whole new wing. It can be as simple as adding an ensuite to the master bedroom, a light-filled walk-in wardrobe, or getting rid of an awkward wall. Modern homes are sought after for their relaxed open plan living arrangements – if you can achieve an open plan living area through house renovations or extensions, this will immediately add value to the property.
Even small, cosmetic home renovations like updating the fixtures, light fittings and décor adds a significant amount of value to the house.
Don't add any house extensions that mean you have to get rid of a bedroom. Losing a bedroom will immediately decrease the value of the property.
Be aware of the impact of the extension on the yard. If you have to take up a significant section of the yard to add a minor extension it may not be worth it.
Make sure the house extensions blend in with the current design and décor.
If you're thinking of extending or renovating your home, contact Brisbane's most trusted house extension builders to discuss your project.


IT Cosmetics has done it again. They've come out with another extension in their Confidence series: Confidence in your Glow featuring a blush, bronzer and highlighter in one sweep of product. And OMG I have brush fever, their new brush is everything. Check it out!
What I love about IT Cosmetics is that their makeup is always infuused with high performance anti-aging ingredients. This product is talc free, contains vitamin c, and smells like oranges!
The bristles are super soft and they taper so finely that you never go over board with product...it's a perfect blend. I've never seen a brush like this before, it's amazing.
And swatches. Each stripe is swatched individually and then together to the right. I like applying everything in one sweep then I'll go back and individually apply each section if I want more of that shade...i.e. more blush or more highlight.
The only thing missing from this collection is an additional shade extension that would work on deeper skin tones. Crossing my fingers for that! In the meantime, I'm loving all of these shades and will be rotating each one into my collection.
This new line is available at Ulta, QVC or www.itcosmetics.com and is out now!
$1000 Makeup Artist Starter Kit Giveaway!
Welcome to Makeup By Ren Ren!
New Hair Cut and Color!


text:
Вы́сшая норма́льная шко́ла () — высшее учебное и научно-исследовательское заведение во Франции, в её бывших колониях и в Италии. Высшие нормальные школы имеют равный статус с университетами и восходят корнями к , учреждённой декретом Конвента в 1794 году с целью подготовки преподавателей высших учебных заведений.

Франция
 Высшая нормальная школа (Париж) — старейшая из ныне действующих Высших нормальных школ во Франции

  (в 2010 г. вошла в состав Высшей нормальной школы Лиона)

Италия
 Высшая нормальная школа (Пиза)