Basic information about the occupation. A property may consist of a single building or many buildings, associated with one or many holdings. A holding should have at least one occupation record relating to the holding owner. If there is more than one occupier then multiple occupation records may exist.
The 'Occupation' dataset provides key information about the tenant of each property, the amount of space that they occupy and the nature of that occupation. As certain properties may have more than one tenant, there may be more than one entry in the data extract as government has more than one 'interest' in that property. It should be noted that the list of tenants only includes government tenants. It does not include either commercial tenants or tenants from other parts of the public sector. Again, the extract provides information about the 'owning' government department and the 'property centre', i.e. that part of the government department responsible for that property. In addition, it has a property reference (the 'ePIMS Property Ref') that allows it to be linked to the other data extracts.
The scope of the data includes land and property information for those government departments, together with any arms' length bodies for which they are responsible, including their non-departmental public bodies (NDPBs), which fall under the responsibility of English Ministers. These assets are primarily located in England, but are also located in the devolved administrations of Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales as well as overseas.
Also, some Local Authorities have chosen to publish their property data as part of our transparency exercise.


All Nocona homes currently listed for sale in Nocona as of 04/20/2019 are shown below. You can change the search criteria at any time by pressing the 'Change Search' button below.
"Two water front lots on beautiful and secluded lake Nocona with a comfortable mobile home. The covered deck on the back offers great views of the lake and there is a dock just down the hill to park your boat. Easy access from Nocona or surrounding communities."
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Klarman Fellow Zhang examines tech policy through social science
By: Kate Blackwood
A&S Communications
Today, applications of artificial intelligence (AI) are everywhere: in transportation, security, medicine, manufacturing, and social media feeds.
While much study has been done on the engineering and ethical dimensions of pervasive new technologies, said Baobao Zhang, a Klarman Postdoctoral Fellow in the College of Arts and Sciences, empirical social science research is also needed to understand how people react to tech—and how governments create policy around it.
"We live in a democratic society and I think a lot of these technologies are being pushed onto users without their fully understanding what's happening," Zhang said. "I think we should value the input of the users and the general public so we don't get what some people worry about—surveillance capitalism or the surveillance state."
Based in the Department of Government, Zhang is researching trust in digital technology and the governance of AI. For her, the three-year Klarman Postdoctoral Fellowship is an opportunity to research technology policy, working closely with Sarah Kreps, the John L. Wetherill Professor of government.
"I'd followed Baobao's work for years," Kreps said. "She and I were at the same workshop when she was a first year Ph.D. student [at Yale] and she was already incredibly impressive. She was working on experimental methods, but then started to work on artificial intelligence, which was an emerging interest of mine."
Zhang uses social science techniques, such as surveys, to measure perceptions of technology among general and specific populations, such as machine learning researchers.
"Based on my existing work, the public is not a monolithic whole. There's a lot of heterogeneity in people's trust in these emerging technologies," Zhang said. "What I'm hoping to do in collaboration is to study what trust looks like among the people who are using the technology [and among] members of the public."
In a current project with collaborators from Oxford University and the University of Pennsylvania, Zhang surveyed AI and machine learning researchers to get their perspective on AI ethics and governance. In other, recently published research, the team found perception gaps between what technical experts expect for AI development timelines, compared to the public.
"Interestingly, the public thinks that … very advanced AI systems will arrive much sooner compared to the machine learning researchers," Zhang said.
Zhang also researches the increasing automation of labor and traditional topics in international relations like interstate conflicts. She is a co-author on a recent paper on "Conflict and Provocation" in The Journal of Conflict Resolution.
With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, Zhang pivoted her research to focus on attitudes toward COVID-19 surveillance technology. Her first collaboration with Kreps was on digital contact tracing. An article they wrote for Brookings about this research was cited in a United States Senate report in July.
"We're both very interested in emerging technologies, and these COVID-19 related projects (we also have one on vaccines) are a natural space for our collaborative efforts," Kreps said.
Zhang plans to write a book during her Klarman Fellowship on citizens' trust in emerging digital technologies, including ones deployed in response to COVID-19.
Zhang also has an affiliation with the Department of Information Science, where she is a member of the Artificial Intelligence, Policy, and Practice (AIPP) group.
"Baobao brings unique disciplinary knowledge to the AIPP group, and it's fantastic to hear her perspectives on both technical and social science work," said Karen Levy, assistant professor in the Department of Information Science, who is co-sponsoring Zhang's Klarman fellowship. "Baobao's research addresses critical questions about the governance of artificial intelligence in an inherently interdisciplinary way."
"Cornell is an ideal place for me to do this research," Zhang said. "When I found out about the Klarman Fellowship, I was excited to apply because I knew there were a lot of folks here doing the type of research I wanted to be doing."
Arts and Sciences announces first class of Klarman Fellows
Kreps: Social media helping to undermine democracy
New Apple iOS supports contact tracing — but is meaningless without government adoption

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Biden's Climate Policies Are Bad for Black America
If you think high energy costs are hard on the middle class, imagine how they affect those struggling to reach the middle class.
As the Biden administration marches on with its energy price-boosting climate agenda, it is disproportionately hurting the most economically vulnerable Americans and stifling their dreams of a better future.
In the current economy, people are doing worse than living paycheck to paycheck — they have to borrow to make it to that next payday! And the sad reality is that policies that raise energy prices have many of the same corrosive effects that the Jim Crow laws of America's hurtful past had in keeping black families down.
Ironically, the administration fancies itself the champion of minorities. Instead of putting energy affordability first, as is recommended by Project 21's "Blueprint for a Better Deal for Black America," it has gone in the opposite direction by declaring war on domestic fossil fuels to fight climate change. Its answer for these communities is so-called "environmental justice" initiatives that assume struggling minorities want more environmental regulations rather than less.
Unaffordable energy costs can no longer be viewed as just an economic issue. It has become a human civil right issue. According to the latest Census Bureau data, the median income for Black families ranged from $48,297 nationally to $20,961 in Detroit. That means families are living off a monthly income of $1,700 to $3,000 at a time when gas prices in Michigan hit a high of $5.20 a gallon and winter heating bills are setting records. This is on top of the heavy effect on energy-dependent industries such as farming, transportation and manufacturing, which are evident in increased costs for food and other service industry offerings.
Despite the most recent inflation reduction numbers, most families across the country are experiencing year-over-year prices up at a minimum of 50 percent on all products at their grocery stores. This is self-inflicted pain unleashed on the American people by the administration, which even proudly announced America would feel some pain while transitioning to their green energy agenda. The only problem is that this pain includes human tragedies. Needless to say, the decline in the standard of living in so many low-income and minority communities can only be described as a Third World existence.
Environmentalists talk about a climate catastrophe, but what about the human one? Much is said about the environmental effects and the need to save the planet, but very little is said about the economic effects of government remedies on human beings.
According to a U.S. Energy Information Administration study, one-third of American households struggle to pay their energy bills. One in five households report having to reduce or forego necessities like food or medicine to pay for heat and light. Tragically, the statistics are nearly double for low-income and minority households.
To make matters worse, this study is several years old and needs to reflect the energy prices experienced by Americans today.
But what's even more damaging than the immediate economic effect of high electric and natural gas bills and expensive fill-ups at the gas pump are the barriers created to upward mobility. In so many ways, plentiful and affordable domestic energy is part of the ticket out of poverty and dependence. For example, the entrepreneurial spirit of the Black community is evident in the proliferation of Black-owned small businesses during boom times. These businesses struggle and sometimes fail under the weight of expensive energy.
Costly energy also means fewer industrial jobs that have historically led to the emergence of a vibrant Black middle class. Without these blue-collar gateway jobs, low-income and minority communities have fewer options to earn what is needed for homeownership and decrease the racial wealth gap.
The energy industry has long been a source of many well-paying jobs for Blacks looking to move up the socioeconomic ladder. In fact, the Department of Energy expanded job-training programs for more minorities to take advantage of the opportunities created by the fracking revolution. But these opportunities are now being reduced by a president promising to kill the American oil and natural gas sector and who spent the last two years doing all he can to make good on that promise. Yet he's saying his concern for Black opportunity is the reason!
Worst of all, every extra penny poor families spend on expensive energy is a penny that cannot be saved for homeownership, educational advancement or other things that can help lift up the next generation.
It should be obvious that poverty — not pollution — is a greater threat. But the Biden agenda is willfully blind to this reality.
However, there may be some light on the horizon. Recently, I was invited to address members of the House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce. There was remarkable engagement with this group of representatives. If this is a sign of where the new Congress is headed, we may have a bright future.
Please follow DVJournal on social media: Twitter@DVJournal or Facebook.com/DelawareValleyJournal
ALPERT: For Electric Cars, Follow the Money
The Inflation Reduction Act allocates $340 billion in a complicated scheme of tax credits and rebates for electric vehicles (EVs). The administration plans for nationwide charging stations and an all-electric federal automotive fleet by 2030.
Further, it has set a target of making EVs to be half of all new vehicles sold in 2030, estimated by the Edison Electric Institute to be 5.6 million EVs.
Electricity must be generated to power these EVs. Putting aside the fantastic transition of electricity generation and transmission to renewables, how insane are EV aspirations given the cancellation or re-examination of domestic oil leases, rejoining the Paris Climate Accords, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the prohibition of drilling on federal lands, the cancellation of the Keystone pipeline, and the establishment of energy conservation standards for a variety of home appliances? Not to mention numerous other actions to curtail domestic energy production.
The point of this environmental spear is the EV business. That point is blunt, given the average electric car price (about $66,000) is out of reach of the typical car buyer. Another negative is that EV insurance costs are likely to be higher with more hefty premiums for damage coverage (battery repair costs) and product liability risks.
As if this is not enough, there are the batteries themselves. The major components of a typical battery include: graphite (52 kg), aluminum (35 kg), nickel (29 kg), copper (20 kg), steel (20 kg), manganese (10 kg), cobalt (8 kg), lithium (6 kg) and iron (5 kg). The weighted average of these components' price changes in the past year has been plus 249 percent.
The problem of cost is serious, but by taking the ridiculous EV route, there are much deeper difficulties for trade related to the battery input supply. For example, natural graphite is not produced in the United States; however, the U.S. consumes considerable amounts of graphite. With projected2030 EVs sold, U.S. imports of graphite (currently one-third from China) will have to increase by 732 percent to produce EV batteries alone.
Turning to nickel, the United States has one operating nickel mine scheduled to close in 2026. With 2030 anticipated EV production, imported nickel would increase by 94 percent. Such an increase will require America to turn to more problematic import sources.
Manganese has not been produced domestically since 1970. With EV production in 2030 as projected, manganese imports will increase by19 percent. The United States imports 85 percent of its total consumption from such unreliable suppliers as Gabon and South Africa.
Turning to cobalt, the United States consumes 6,700 metric tons of cobalt annually and imports more than 75 percent of it. If forecast EV sales in the United States come to pass, imports and/or production of American cobalt will have to increase 986 percent).
The most challenging component of EV batteries is lithium. The United States has a single lithium brine-producing operation in Nevada generating an unrevealed ("avoiding proprietary data") amount. As of now, we use 2,000 tons of lithium per year; at least 25 percent in 2021 and no less than 50 percent in 2020 were imported. If the number of EVs are as anticipated, the imports of lithium for electric cars alone will need to increase by 2,211 percent, or more than 22 times current levels of consumption in 2030.
Considering that lithium increased in price in the past year by more than 300 percent, lithium is very likely to become a critical bottleneck. The reliable availability of lithium is a concern of importers with more than 75 percent of the lithium coming from Australia and Chile.
While lithium sources are under development, worldwide production increases are certainly far in the future.
Permitting for mining and related activities is a costly and lengthy process. Permitting for a mine takes 10 years or more, assuming low numbers of lawsuits and minimal legal wrangling. The Interagency Working Group on Mining Reform has been considering how to streamline the law, but any changes will need full legislative and executive approvals and will take a long time, even ignoring the inevitable litigation delays.
An additional obstacle to EV production is the Chinese domination of the EV market. China produces 51 percent of the EVs manufactured. The United States produced 9 percent, trailing Germany. The global market is growing, with the Chinese the biggest consumer giving it market power beyond that of other countries.
Summarizing American climate policy is absurd because it will collide with so many roadblocks from domestic power generation to procurement of EV inputs. It's not too late to turn around to steer public policy in a reasonable direction rather than wasting resources in the EV dead-end.
PA Energy Sector Hopes to Work With EPA on Methane Emission Rules
An announcement by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) could hurt fossil fuel producers and consumers. EPA wants to expand a 2021 proposal that would secure what the agency calls "major climate and health benefits for all Americans" by reducing emissions of methane and other "harmful air pollution" from new and existing oil and gas operations.
The Biden EPA considers methane a major environmental problem. At the same time, methane is a byproduct of natural gas production, which has drastically lowered U.S. greenhouse gas emissions compared to generating power with coal and oil.
In terms of the fossil fuel industry, this could mean fewer wells drilled, which means fewer wells developed, fewer rigs running, and fewer people running those rigs. Previous EPA regulations have focused only on new wells, so what EPA wants to do here goes beyond the norm. EPA is also planning to look at all drilling sites, not just large operations.
Industry groups say they are already taking action.
"Industry-led innovation to detect and mitigate methane emissions in operations has contributed to significant reductions relative to production in the Appalachia region and every major basin in the U.S.," said Stephanie Catarino Wissman, executive director of American Petroleum Institute (API) Pennsylvania. "Our industry in Pennsylvania implements new technologies to accelerate methane emissions reductions while providing consumers with affordable, reliable natural gas, (and) we will continue to advance climate solutions and work with the EPA in support of a final rulemaking that is cost-efficient and fosters innovation and provides regulatory certainty."
A PricewaterhouseCoopers study commissioned by API found Pennsylvania's natural gas and oil industry supported 102,500 direct and 377,800 indirect jobs across the state's economy in 2019. It also found the industry generated $78.4 billion toward the state's gross domestic product.
Dan Weaver, president and executive director of the Pennsylvania Independent Oil and Gas Association (PIOGA), said Pennsylvania maintains one of the most rigorous environmental regulatory programs in the country.
"EPA and the Energy Information Administration (EIA)'s data shows that total methane emissions in the U.S. have fallen by seven percent since 2005, while natural gas production has increased 118 percent," said Weaver. "Electricity production from natural gas has increased by 113 percent in that same period, providing significant public health and environmental benefits in the process."
And because his industry makes money selling methane, Weaver said it makes no sense to allow it to dissipate into the atmosphere.
"That is why our producers maintain and update equipment, detect and repair leaks and use advanced technology to identify and control emissions," said Weaver.
Still, the EPA believes more should be done to combat what President Joe Biden considers to be one of the greatest threats facing our nation today. "We are racing forward to do our part to avert the 'climate hell' that the U.N. Secretary-General so passionately warned about, Biden said in a speech to the COP27 global warming summit in Egypt last month.
"Natural gas is the very product our members produce and transport, and we have every environmental and economic incentive to ensure the product safely and efficiency reaches the market," Marcellus Shale Coalition President David Callahan told Delaware Valley Journal. "This is America's largest natural gas producing basin and it has the lowest methane intensity because companies here are monitoring and taking actions to minimize unwanted leaks."
Like API and PIOGA, Marcellus Shale Coalition maintains that industry-led innovation and continuous improvement will drive further emission reduction gains.
"We look forward to engaging with EPA on a workable, commonsense final rule."
LOMBORG: Hypocrisy Abounds at Climate Summit
Every year, global climate summits feature a parade of hypocrisy as the world's elite arrive on private jets to lecture humanity on cutting carbon emissions. The current U.N. climate summit in Egypt offers more breathtaking hypocrisy than usual because the world's rich are zealously lecturing poor countries about the dangers of fossil fuels — after devouring massive amounts of new gas, coal and oil.
Since Russia's invasion of Ukraine pushed up energy prices, wealthy countries have been scouring the world for new energy sources. The United Kingdom vehemently denounced fossil fuels at the Glasgow climate summit just last year but now plans to keep coal-fired plants available this winter instead of shutting almost all of them as previously planned.
Thermal coal imports by the European Union from Australia, South Africa and Indonesia increased more than 11-fold. Meanwhile, a new trans-Saharan gas pipeline will allow Europe to tap directly into gas from Niger, Algeria and Nigeria; Germany is reopening shuttered coal power plants; and Italy is planning to import 40 percent more gas from northern Africa. And the United States is going cap-in-hand to Saudi Arabia to grovel for more oil production.
At the climate summit in Egypt, the leaders from these countries will somehow declare with straight faces that poor countries must avoid fossil fuel exploitation for fear of worsening climate change. These rich countries will encourage the world's poorest to focus instead on green energy alternatives like off-grid solar and wind energy.
They're already making the case. In a speech widely interpreted as being about Africa, the U.N. secretary-general, Antonio Guterres, said it would be "delusional" for countries to invest more in gas and oil exploration.
The hypocrisy is simply breathtaking. Every rich country today became wealthy thanks to the exploitation of fossil fuels. The world's major development organizations — at the behest of wealthy countries — refuse to fund fossil fuel exploitation that poor countries could use to lift themselves out of poverty. Moreover, the elite prescription for the world's poor — green energy — is incapable of transforming lives.
That's because sun and wind power are useless when it is cloudy, at night or there is no wind. Off-grid solar power can provide a nice solar light but typically can't even power a family's fridge or oven, let alone provide the power that communities need to run everything from farms to factories, the ultimate engines of growth.
A study in Tanzania found almost 90 percent of households given off-grid electricity just want to be hooked up to the national grid to receive fossil fuel access. The first rigorous test published on the effect of solar panels on the lives of poor people found they got a little bit more electricity — the ability to power a lamp during the day — but there was no measurable effect on their lives: they did not increase savings or spending, did not work more or start more businesses, and their children did not study more.
Moreover, solar panels and wind turbines are useless at tackling one of the primary energy problems of the world's poor. Nearly 2.5 billion people continue to suffer from indoor air pollution, burning dirty fuels like wood and dung to cook and keep warm. Solar panels don't solve that problem because they are too weak to power clean stoves and heaters.
In contrast, grid electrification — which nearly everywhere means mostly fossil fuels — significantly positively effects household income, expenditure and education. A study in Bangladesh showed that electrified households experienced a 21 percent average jump in income and a 1.5 percent reduction in poverty yearly.
The biggest deception is that rich world leaders have somehow managed to portray themselves as green evangelists, while more than three-quarters of their enormous primary energy production comes from fossil fuels, according to the International Energy Agency. Less than 12 percent of their energy comes from renewables, mostly from wood and hydro. Just 2.4 percent is solar and wind.
Compare this to Africa, the most renewable continent in the world, with half of its energy produced by renewables. But these renewables are almost entirely wood, straws and dung, and they are really a testament to how little energy the continent has access to. Despite all the hype, the continent gets just 0.3 percent of its energy from solar and wind.
To solve global warming, rich countries must invest much more in research and development on better green technologies, from fusion, fission and second-generation biofuels to solar and wind with massive batteries. The crucial insight is to innovate their actual cost below fossil fuels. That way, everyone will eventually switch. But telling the poor to live with unreliable, expensive, weak power is an insult.
There is already pushback from the world's developing countries, who see the hypocrisy for what it is: Egypt's finance minister recently said that poor countries must not be "punished," and warned that climate policy should not add to their suffering. That warning needs to be heard. Europe is scouring the world for more fossil fuels because the continent needs them for its growth and prosperity. That same opportunity should not be withheld from the world's poorest.
PA Pols Say Climate Bill Will Cut Energy Costs. Experts Say 'No'
Most Americans know the "Inflation Reduction Act" President Joe Biden signed will have little impact on inflation. CBS News ran the headline, "One thing the Inflation Reduction Act may not do: Lower inflation" even before the bill had been signed.
And a new Morning Consult poll found just 15 percent of independent voters believe the legislation will live up to its name.
Which may explain why Democrats have suddenly shifted their language about the legislation to a "climate" bill, touting savings on energy costs it will bring American consumers. But will this new measure, with its $739 billion price tag, actually lower the cost of electricity, heating oil, or gas?
Sen. Bob Casey says yes. "This bill is going to lower… energy costs for American families while creating clean energy manufacturing jobs and tackling the climate crisis."
Rep. Mary Gay Scanlon (D-Pa) agrees. The Inflation Reduction Act will "lower energy costs, saving Pennsylvania families an average of $1000 per year on their energy bills."
(Interestingly, the same study Scanlon cites also says these savings won't arrive until 2030, and just $16 to $125 of that $1,000 will come from the new law.)
While the League of Conservation Voters may be right that the Inflation Reduction Act "is the largest investment ever to fight the climate crisis," relatively little of the $369 billion in climate spending will lower energy costs in the short term.
That is because, energy experts say, the spending is mostly in the form of tax breaks on money businesses spend building green energy production or switching to green energy sources. Some of the money also goes to homeowners and residential customers; but once again, only after they spend their own money weatherproofing their homes, switching to heat pumps, or buying electric vehicles.
In other words, there are no savings until ratepayers do some spending.
Rep. Chrissy Houlahan (D-Chester) acknowledged that fact earlier this week. "The Inflation Reduction Act lowers energy costs for families by providing rebates and tax credits to make homes and vehicles more energy efficient." [emphasis added].
The largest share of the money goes "to subsidize supply, specifically for low-carbon and zero-carbon energy sources," said Nick Loris of the Conservative Coalition for Climate Solutions (C3 Solutions). "All else being equal, increased supply will lower prices. But for that to happen, the energy sector needs the ability to build the necessary infrastructure in a timely fashion."
Without the necessary regulatory modernizations, Loris says policymakers are failing to address the systemic problem that has frustrated investors and energy producers across the board.
"That's particularly true in places like the northeast where heating oil has doubled in price since last year, but regulatory bottlenecks and NIMBYism has blocked the infrastructure for cost-effective alternatives," Loris said. "Secondly, it's important to remember that this isn't $369 billion isn't free money. Americans will have to pay for subsidies through more borrowing or higher taxes."
However, if they spend part of that money buying new energy-efficient washing machines or heat pumps, won't that reduce demand and, over time, lower prices? Not according to Kenny Stein, policy director for the Institute for Energy Research, a free-market think tank.
"For the heat pump or appliance example, the alleged cost savings are based on modeling that says renewables make electricity cheaper, therefore a new heat pump will save money," Stein says. "But if renewables increase electricity prices (which they tend to do), then the modeled savings vanish."
Why would renewables increase electric rates? Because moving large numbers of businesses and households from heating oil or natural gas to electricity (not to mention electric vehicles) means a massive increase in demand.
"Another wrinkle to the modeling is that supporters of the new law count improved efficiency from a new, greener appliance as savings. It's true that a brand new heat pump is likely to run more efficiently than a 30-year-old furnace. But a brand new furnace would also run more efficiently. So a lot of the 'heat pump efficiency' savings are actually just 'new appliance efficiency' savings," Stein said.
That may sound like common sense to some, but Anthony Watts of the Heartland Institute said many policy markers lack a basic understanding of basic math, physics, engineering, etc.
"Our electric grid was built by engineers, not by politicians," says Watts, a senior fellow for environment and climate at Heartland. "These politicians are pushing a green agenda, insisting 'this will be better, it will be cheaper, it will be economically feasible, it will save people money.' They may or may not be sincere, but they are completely ignorant of the scientific reality behind these things."
In the coming years, Watts predicted legislators who support the Inflation Reduction Act will try to fix its failures by making a push to nationalize energy.
"They will claim the government could manage it better and we're not going to be hit with all these price increases, but it's not going to be helpful," said Watts. "Government can't do anything better than private industry."
Mixed Reactions to $739B Spending Bill Signed by Biden
President Joe Biden signed the Inflation Reduction Act — now being called the "Climate, Healthcare, and Taxes Act" by some — on Tuesday, drawing mixed reactions. Whether it would help or hurt Americans depended on party affiliation.
The mammoth $739 bill will impose a minimum of 15 percent in corporate taxes and a 1 percent excise tax on stock buybacks. It will also unleash 87,000 new IRS agents, cap insulin costs for Medicare recipients, and shovel billions in tax subsidies to "green" projects.
"Hide your wallet! The left's behemoth tax hike and spending law will do nothing to help struggling Americans," said Brooke Rollins, president and CEO of America First Policy Institute. "It will only make a bad situation worse. Americans deserve prosperity, economic growth, and energy independence — and that's exactly what they aren't getting from the Biden administration. Now, out-of-touch liberals in Washington, D.C. are delivering tax hikes, more reckless spending, and an army of 87,000 IRS bureaucrats to grab more from families who have less. Recently, 369 economists signed a letter organized by AFPI that expresses how this bill will worsen inflation."
Sen. Pat Toomey (R-Pa.) released this statement when the Senate passed the bill. "Last year, Democrats jammed through trillions of dollars in reckless spending that fueled the worst inflation in 40 years. Now, Democrats insist on pouring fuel on the fire with another partisan tax-and-spending spree that will only further exacerbate a recession we're already likely in.
"To fund new 'green' corporate welfare and give Obamacare subsidies to wealthy Americans, this legislation forces short-sighted tax hikes on American businesses and imposes innovation-crippling price controls on life-saving medicines. And contrary to the bill's name, non-partisan analysts have confirmed that it does nothing to alleviate the inflation tax Americans are feeling every day," said Toomey.
Rep. Madeleine Dean (D-Montgomery) tweeted after the House approved the proposal, "We've passed the Inflation Reduction Act! For families, seniors, and our future. That'll lower health care costs, cut prescription drug prices, including capping Medicare insulin at $35 — and the largest investment in our climate. We all should be proud of this work."
After voting for the bill, Rep. Mary Gay Scanlon (D-Delaware/Philadelphia) said, "The Inflation Reduction Act is a historic victory for Pennsylvania families and for our planet: delivering the investments we need to keep down health care costs, reinvigorate American manufacturing, and drive our transition to a clean energy economy. Importantly, the bill is fully paid for by ensuring that corporations can't dodge their taxes – while ensuring that not one middle-class Pennsylvanian or small business pays a cent more in taxes. This legislation is a monumental step forward in House Democrats' fight to build a fairer, cleaner economy, as we remain committed to putting People Over Politics: lowering costs, creating better-paying jobs, and building safer communities for all."
Dave Galluch, the Republican running against Scanlon, said, "Despite its name, the bill does little for working families. Even Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT) has said the bill 'will, in fact, have a minimal impact on inflation.' That sentiment is confirmed by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). So, we must ask – how does spending an additional $700 billion, raising taxes on working families, and hiring more IRS agents bring down inflation? Without mentioning spiraling costs for families, my opponent Mary Gay Scanlon celebrates this bill as the 'the largest-ever federal effort on climate change.' The legislation primarily consists of subsidies for green technology like solar panels and electric vehicles. Yet the average cost of installation for solar panels is nearly $20,000. The $4,000 and $7,500 tax credits for used and new electric vehicles will do little to reduce a current average price of roughly $66,000.
"This bill does nothing to help those struggling in the Fifth Congressional District now. It is another example of failed, out-of-touch leadership we must move on from this November," Galluch said.
Guy Ciarrocchi, the Republican running for Congress against Rep. Chrissy Houlahan (D-Chester) said, "The number one issue for everyone is Inflation. That's why I would have been an emphatic "No" vote on Biden's so-called 'Inflation Reduction Act.' From Wharton to CBS, analysts have stated that the spending bill won't lower inflation—in fact, it might make inflation worse.
"What we need is $2 gas; yet, Houlahan gives us 87,000 more IRS agents, who will harass small businesses and families. She won't help us; so, I'm running to fix this mess," he said.
But Democrat National Committee Chair Jaime Harrison said, "President Biden and Democrats have delivered – and today, the American people won and the special interests lost. Today, President Biden signed the Inflation Reduction Act into law, taking the action the American people are looking for to lower the costs of prescription drugs, energy, and health care. It will also reduce the deficit — helping fight inflation. On top of that, this bill will take aggressive action to fight the climate crisis that will create jobs and increase our energy security."
Congressman Brian Fitzpatrick (R-Bucks) said on Facebook before the bill passing the House: "The reconciliation bill coming to the House floor tomorrow adds $80 billion to the Internal Revenue Service – nearly six times the agency's current annual budget – and adds 87,000 new IRS enforcement personnel to pursue taxpayers, including the middle class.
"Wouldn't we be better off hiring 87,000 new school resource officers and police officers to keep our schools and our communities safe?" Fitzpatrick asked.
American Petroleum Institute (API) President and CEO Mike Sommers said, "While the Inflation Reduction Act takes important steps toward new oil and gas leasing and investments in carbon capture and storage, it falls well short of addressing America's long-term energy needs and further discourages needed investment in oil and gas. API shares the goal of addressing climate change, as evidenced in the policies we support and in the actions that our industry is taking every day. However, the considerable tax increases are simply the wrong policies at the wrong time.
"From a new corporate minimum tax to an $11.7 billion tax on crude oil and petroleum products to a new natural gas tax, this legislation imposes additional costs on American families and businesses at a time when policymakers should be looking for solutions to provide relief.
"The bill also fails to address permitting reform, which is essential to effectively delivering affordable, reliable energy to consumers in a growing economy," said Sommers.
"Without a comprehensive plan for critical investment in American oil and natural gas and associated infrastructure, which provide nearly 70 percent of our country's energy needs, the American people will continue to bear the brunt of short-sighted policies in Washington," he said.


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text:
Der Sozial- und Erziehungsdienst (SuE)  ist in Deutschland eine Sammelbezeichnung von circa 50 Berufsgruppen im sozialen und erzieherischen Bereich.

In Deutschland waren 2015 laut GEW über 1,2 Mio. sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigte in Sozial- und Erziehungsberufen tätig, davon rund 300.000 bei kommunalen Trägern und 800.000 bei freien Trägern. Die Gewerkschaft Verdi gab die Anzahl der Beschäftigten im SuE mit rund 740.000 an, davon 240.000 bei kommunalen und mehr als 500.000 bei kirchlichen und freien Trägern. Laut Statistischem Bundesamt gab es Mitte 2018 im öffentlichen Dienst bei den Kitas 226,7 Tausend und bei den Ländern 9,2 Tausend Beschäftigte.

Die größte Berufsgruppe der Beschäftigten im SuE stellen die Erzieher mit 371.893 Beschäftigten (Stand: 1. März 2015). Ein Jahr zuvor gab es 354.976 als Erzieher tätige Beschäftigte (Stand: 1. März 2014) Das Statistische Bundesamt sieht bei den Erzieherinnen und Erziehern im öffentlichen Dienst einen Zuwachs von 62 % in den letzten zehn Jahren.

Berufsgruppen
Der SuE umfasst 2015 circa 50 Berufsgruppen, dazu zählen unter anderem Erzieher, Kinderpfleger, Sozialassistenten, Sozialarbeiter, Sozialpädagogen, Heilerziehungspfleger, Arbeitserzieher, Kindheitspädagogen, Beschäftigte im handwerklichen Erziehungsdienst und in der Behindertenhilfe, Heilpädagogen, Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapeuten, Psychagogen, Streetworker und weitere Beschäftigte in Sozial- und Erziehungsberufen.

Bezahlung
Für Beschäftigte des öffentlichen Diensts gelten grundsätzlich die Bedingungen des TVöD. Der TVöD trat am 1. Oktober 2005 in Kraft. Ihm liegt eine erfahrungs- und leistungsorientierten Vergütung zugrunde. Monatliche Bruttoentgelte des TVöD finden sich in tabellarischer Form im Artikel Tarifvertrag für den öffentlichen Dienst. Für Beschäftigte im Sozial- und Erziehungsdienst existieren Entgelttabellen für den SuE (TVöD-SuE). Die allgemeinen TVöD-Entgelte können von den spezielleren Entgelttabellen des TVöD-SuE abweichen. Die circa 300.000 Beschäftigten bei kommunalen Trägern werden in der Regel nach einem Tarifvertrag für den Öffentlichen Dienst z. B. TVöD-SuE bezahlt. Bei einer Einrichtung eines privaten Trägers angestellt sind ungefähr 800.000 Beschäftigte im SuE. Der private Träger kann selber entscheiden, ob er seine Angestellten nach einem Tarifvertrag z. B. TVöD-SuE, TV-AVH, TV-L etc. bezahlt oder ein eigenes Bezahlungsmodell wählt. In der Regel orientieren sich die gemeinnützigen (z. B. kirchlichen) und nicht-gemeinnützigen (z. B. privatgewerblichen) Träger an den Abschlüssen des TVöD bzw. TVöD-SuE.

Die Tabelle Entgeltgruppen zeigt die Zuordnung einer ausgeübten Tätigkeit zu der Besoldungsgruppe.

Beispiel: Berufsgruppe Erzieher
Nachfolgend wird beispielhaft auf die Ausbildung und die Bezahlung der größten Berufsgruppe im SuE mit circa 350.000 Beschäftigten (Stand: 1. März 2014), den Erziehern, eingegangen.

Informationen zur Ausbildung und Bezahlung von Erziehern im europäischen Vergleich finden sich im Artikel Erzieher#Erzieher im europäischen Vergleich.

Ausbildung
Der Weg zum "Staatlich anerkannter Erzieher" / "Staatlich anerkannte Erzieherin" führt über eine dreijährige Berufsausbildung an einer sogenannten Fachschule. Laut dem Deutschen Qualifikationsrahmen (DQR) ist ein "Staatlich anerkannter Erzieher" / eine "Staatlich anerkannte Erzieherin" mit einer Ausbildung, die mindestens 2.400 Unterrichtsstunden und 1.200 Stunden Praxis umfasst, in das DQR-Niveau 6 eingestuft. Ebenfalls im DQR-Niveau 6 eingeordnet sind unter anderem die Qualifikationen Bachelor, Fachwirt und Meister (für mehr Details siehe Niveaustufen des DQR). Der DQR hat empfehlenden Charakter und ist nicht verbindlich.

Bezahlung
Nach dem bundesweit geltenden TVöD-SuE werden Erzieher, die in einer Einrichtung eines kommunalen Trägers angestellt sind, entweder in die Entgeltgruppen S8a ("Erzieherinnen/Erzieher mit staatlicher Anerkennung und entsprechender Tätigkeit sowie Beschäftigte mit gleichwertiger Qualifikation und Erfahrung") oder S8b ("Erzieherinnen/Erzieher mit staatlicher Anerkennung und entsprechender Tätigkeit sowie Beschäftigte mit gleichwertiger Qualifikation und Erfahrung mit besonders schwierigen fachlichen Tätigkeiten") eingruppiert. Private Träger entscheiden selber, ob die Bezahlung eines Erziehers nach einem Tarifvertrag wie TVöD-SuE, TV-AVH etc. erfolgt oder ob ein eigenes Bezahlungsmodell verwendet wird. Die nachfolgende Tabelle zeigt die Bruttoverdienste und Entwicklungsstufen.

Örtliche Beispiele
Nachfolgend wird die spezifische Situation von Beschäftigten im Sozial- und Erziehungsdienst in den Großstädten Hamburg und München dargestellt.

Situation in Hamburg

In Hamburg hatten 1.037 von 1.048 (entspricht 98,95 %) Tageseinrichtungen private Träger (Stand: 1. März 2015). Zum 1. März 2014 waren 1.025 von 1.034 (99,13 %) Kindertageseinrichtungen in der Hand von privaten Trägern. Die privaten Träger können sich dementsprechend ein Bezahlungsmodell z. B. TV-AVH für ihre Erzieher auswählen. Zu den privaten Trägern zählt z. B. auch die "Elbkinder – Vereinigung Hamburger Kitas gGmbH" mit ca. 182 Kindertagesstätten und rund 5.000 Beschäftigten (davon rund 3.444 Erzieher).

In Hamburg waren zum 1. März 2015 15.485 Personen in Tageseinrichtungen tätig. Davon waren 2.376 im hauswirtschaftlichen/ technischen Bereich und 13.109 Personen als pädagogisches und Verwaltungspersonal beschäftigt. In der Menge der vorher erwähnten 13.109 Personen finden sich 6.877 Erzieher, 1.686 Kinderpfleger und 855 Assistenten im Sozialwesen (u. a. zählen dazu auch SPAs) wieder. 10.676 von 15.485 Personen oder 68,94 % haben weniger als 38,5 Wochenstunden.

In der Hansestadt existiert der Hamburger Tarifvertrag (TV-AVH). Der TV-AVH ist an den TVöD-SuE angelehnt. Im "Besonderen Teil – Verwaltung" finden sich neben "Allgemeinen Vorschriften" auch "Sonderregelungen" im Hinblick auf die Eingruppierung der Erzieher aus dem Sozial- und Erziehungsdienst.

Den Entgeltgruppen S1 bis S8 stehen 30 Tage Urlaub sowie eine jährliche Sonderzahlung in Höhe von 90 % ihres Gehalts zu. Diese Regelung schließt die Erzieher in S6 und S8 mit ein.

Der "allgemeine" TV-AVH sieht eine Eingruppierung von Erzieher in Hamburg in die Entgeltgruppen S6 oder S8 vor. Diese Eingruppierung und die Bezahlung orientiert sich am TVöD-SuE. Falls die Kita-Träger Mitglieder der "Arbeitsrechtlichen Vereinigung Hamburg" (AVH) sind, erfolgt die Eingruppierung aller Erzieher in die Entgeltgruppe S8. Die Gruppe S6 ist unbesetzt.

Die nachfolgende Tabelle zeigt abweichend zur im Abschnitt #Bezahlung 2 dargestellten TVöD-SuE-Tabelle die Bruttoverdienste und Entwicklungsstufen der Beschäftigten des TVöD-SuE, die bei einem Kita-Träger mit Mitgliedschaft im AVH angestellt sind:

Personal- bzw. Betreuungsschlüssel

Im Krippenbereich (Kinder im Alter von 0 bis unter 3 Jahren) wies Hamburg 2012 statistisch einen Personalschlüssel (auch Betreuungsschlüssel genannt) von 5,7 aus. 2013 betrug der Wert 5,4 und zum 1. März 2014 wurde ein Wert von 5,1 erreicht. Für Kinder im Alter von 2 bis unter 8 Jahren (ohne Schulkinder) wies das Statistische Bundesamt einen Personalschlüssel 2012 von 9,3 aus. 2013 lag der Wert bei 9,0 und zum 1. März 2014 bei 8,5.

Am 10. Dezember 2014 einigten sich die Trägerverbände und der alleinregierende SPD-Senat in der "Eckpunktevereinbarung zu Qualitätsverbesserungen in Krippe und Kita" auf eine Verbesserung des Personalschlüssels im Krippen- und Elementarbereich. Demnach sollen zum 1. April 2015 für Kinder im Alter bis 24 Monate 10 Prozent mehr Personalwochenstunden zur Verfügung stehen. Für die Kinder im Alter von 25 bis 36 Monaten sollen ab dem 1. August 2017 die Personalwochenstunden ebenfalls um 10 Prozent erhöht werden. Zum 1. August 2019, aber spätestens im Jahr 2020 soll eine Betreuungsschlüssel von eins zu vier erreicht sein. Für die Elementarkinder im Alter von drei bis sechs Jahren soll spätestens zum Doppelhaushalt 2025/2026 ein Schlüssel von eins zu zehn erreicht werden. Innerhalb des vereinbarten 10-Jahres-Zeitraums soll "mittel- bis langfristig auch ein entsprechender Anteil für mittelbare pädagogische Aufgaben und Ausfallzeiten berücksichtigt werden". Alle Verbesserungsschritte stehen unter der Maßgabe, dass der Bund die Finanzierung erheblich unterstützt. Die jährlichen Kosten für die Verbesserung in der Endstufe werden auf 110 bis 120 Mio. Euro geschätzt. 2/3 des Betrags soll aus Haushaltsmitteln und 1/3 von den Verbänden übernommen werden.

Im Koalitionsvertrag zur 21. Legislaturperiode der Hamburgischen Bürgerschaft wurde beschlossen, dass für Kinder im Alter von 25 bis 36 Monaten bereits ab dem 1. August 2016 die Personalwochenstunden um 10 Prozent erhöht werden. Damit wurde die "Eckpunktevereinbarung zu Qualitätsverbesserungen in Krippe und Kita" vom 10. Dezember 2014 angepasst.

Situation in München
Die Stadt München beschäftigt im August 2015 "2.925 Erzieher, 1.669 Kinderpfleger und 187 Sozialpädagogen in ihren 420 Kitas". 349 Stellen konnten im August 2015 nicht besetzt werden. Insgesamt hat München im August 2015 über 1.200 kommunale und private Kitas. München ist als kommunaler Arbeitgeber Mitglied des Kommunalen Arbeitgeberverbandes (KAV) Bayern. Die Bezahlung des Erziehungspersonals erfolgt nach der Entgelttabelle SuE des TVöD-VKA. Städtische Kinderpflegerinnen und Kinderpfleger sind in S4 eingruppiert, Erzieherinnen und Erzieher in S8a oder, wenn das Tarifmerkmal der "besonders schwierigen fachlichen Tätigkeit" gegeben ist, in S8b.

Erzieher erhalten mit Stand 1. März 2015 eine München-Zulage von 120,74 Euro (brutto) und 23,05 Euro pro Kind; diese wurde zum 1. Januar 2020 verdoppelt. Eine Arbeitsmarktzulage (AMZ) erhalten alle Angestellten der Entgeltgruppen mit dem Kriterium "Mangelberuf". Eine Erzieherin oder ein Erzieher erhält unabhängig von ihrer Einstufung 200 Euro (Stand: 1. März 2015). Die Arbeitsmarktzulage könnte wieder entfallen, wenn der Personalmangel in den Kitas der Stadt München nicht mehr besteht. Kinderpflegerinnen und Kinderpfleger gelten aber noch nicht als Mangelberuf und erhalten daher keine Arbeitsmarktzulage.

Das Gehalt enthält eine leistungsorientierte Komponente: Die Leistungsprämie existiert in zwei Formen: eine Basis- und eine Zusatzprämie. Die Höhe der Zusatzprämie für Angestellte der Entgeltgruppen S2 bis S8 (TVöD) beträgt 140 Euro. Für die Entgeltgruppen S9 bis S18 (TVöD) beträgt die Höhe der Basisprämie 280 Euro. Beschäftigte in S2 bis S8 können einen Fahrkostenzuschuss von maximal 69,00 Euro erhalten, der ab 1. Januar 2020 auf mindestens €41,40 monatlich (Kosten einer IsarCard Job der Tarifzone M) erhöht wurde. Darüber hinaus bietet die Stadt München ihren Angestellten eine betriebliche Altersvorsorge.

Die Stadt München arbeitet seit dem 1. September 2011 nach dem Finanzierungskonzept der "Münchener Förderformel", das auch freien Trägern offen steht, und das 2019 noch einmal deutlich verändert wurde.

Tarifverhandlungen
Es finden für den SuE gesonderte Tarifverhandlungen zwischen der Vereinigung der kommunalen Arbeitgeberverbände (VKA) und den Gewerkschaften ver.di und Gewerkschaft Erziehung und Wissenschaft (GEW) auf Bundesebene statt. In diesen werden Entgelt- und Arbeitsbedingungen speziell für die Beschäftigten im Sozial- und Erziehungsdienst ausgehandelt. Einigen sich der VKA und ver.di/GEW, können nachgelagert lokale Verhandlungen in einzelnen Bundesländern stattfinden. Die lokalen Arbeitgeberverbände (in Hamburg die "Arbeitsrechtliche Vereinigung Hamburg e.V." (AVH)) und die Landesverbände von ver.di bzw. GEW können dann entscheiden, ob die bundesweit ausgehandelten Ergebnisse übernommen werden oder speziell für ihr Bundesland weiter verhandelt wird.

Viele Medien berichten über die tariflichen Auseinandersetzungen im SuE über den sogenannten "KiTa-Streik" und damit fast ausschließlich über die Situation der größten Gruppe im SuE, den Erzieher.

Tarifrunde 2009
Die Gewerkschaften forderten u. a. nach der Ablösung des Bundesangestelltentarif (BAT) und Einführung des TVöD im Jahre 2005 zügig eine neue Entgeltordnung zu verhandeln und "Erzieherinnen so zu bezahlen wie Absolventen einer Fachhochschule, also Entgeltgruppe 9".

Nach langen Warnstreiks und Streiks in Kindertagesstätten von April bis Juli 2009 konnte am 29. Juli 2009 eine Einigung zwischen den Gewerkschaften (verdi, GEW, dbb tu) und der VKA erzielt werden. Diese umfasst neben Regelungen über eine Betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung auch Einkommenserhöhungen insbesondere für neue Beschäftigte, die nach dem Inkrafttreten des Tarifvertrages TVöD am 1. Oktober 2005 neu eingestellt wurden. Für Beschäftigte im Sozial- und Erziehungsdienst wird eine neue besondere Einkommenstabelle mit 16 Entgeltgruppen S3 bis S18 und Tabellenentgelten von 1.750 Euro bis 4.525 Euro eingeführt.

Tarifrunde 2015
Die Gewerkschaft ver.di kündigte zum 31. Dezember 2015 die Eingruppierungsvorschriften und die Entgeltordnung für die Berufsgruppen im SuE gegenüber der VKA. Die Gewerkschaften streben eine höhere Eingruppierung ihrer Beschäftigten im SuE an. Die höhere Eingruppierung hätte eine durchschnittliche Entgelterhöhung von 10 Prozent zur Folge.

Die anfänglichen Verhandlungen wurden von einigen Warnstreiks im März und April 2015 begleitet und führten zu keiner Einigung. Anfang Mai 2015 stimmen die Gewerkschaftsmitglieder mehrheitlich für unbefristete Streiks im Sozial- und Erziehungsdienst. Ab dem 8. Mai begannen unbefristete und mehrtägige Erzwingungsstreiks in verschiedenen Bundesländern. Nachdem zwischenzeitliche Verhandlungen ohne eine Einigung zu Ende gingen, verständigten sich beide Seiten auf eine Schlichtung. Der Streik wurde am Montag, den 8. Juni 2015, ausgesetzt. Die Schlichter, Sachsens früherer Ministerpräsident Georg Milbradt (CDU) und Hannovers ehemaliger Oberbürgermeister Herbert Schmalstieg (SPD), stellten am Dienstag, den 23. Juni 2015, die Empfehlung der Schlichtungskommission vor. Die Einigungsempfehlung sieht Verbesserungen in 8 von 17 Entgeltgruppen vor. Insgesamt schlagen die Schlichter Erhöhungen in den einzelnen Berufsgruppen von 2 bis 4,5 Prozent vor. Die Gewerkschaftsmitglieder lehnten mehrheitlich (ver.di: fast 70 %, GEW: 68,8 % und dbb: mehr als 60 %) die Einigungsempfehlung ab.

Ende September 2015 einigten sich die Verhandlungsführer auf einen Kompromiss. Frank Bsirske und die ver.di-Bundestarifkommission empfahlen seinen Mitgliedern, den Kompromiss in einer bis Ende Oktober dauernden Urabstimmung anzunehmen. Ende Oktober nahmen 57,2 % der ver.di-Mitglieder (GEW: 72,06 % und dbb: 64,04 %) den Kompromiss an. Damit endeten die Streiks zu den außerhalb der regelmäßigen Tarifrunden stattfindenden Verhandlungen für den SuE.

Das Verhandlungsergebnis sieht unter anderem eine Anhebung von Gehältern bei Erziehern in den unteren Erfahrungsstufen S2, S3 und S4 zwischen monatlich 2,5 und 4,9 % mehr vor. Die Entgeltgruppe S 6 geht in die neu geschaffene Entgeltgruppe S 8a ohne verlängerte Stufenlaufzeiten über. Dies bedeutet eine Entgelterhöhung um ca. 4 %. Die bisherige Entgeltgruppe S 8 wird zu einer neuen S 8b-Gruppe. Die Entgelterhöhung beträgt bis zu 3,89 %. Die Stufenlaufzeiten in S 8b verkürzt sich in den Stufen 4 und 5 um je zwei Jahre im Vergleich zur bisherigen S 8. Die Gruppe S 9 wird S 8b angepasst. Kitaleitungen und stellvertretende Leitungen bekommen eine höhere Eingruppierung (Entgelterhöhung zwischen 1,1 und 15,4 %). In jeder KiTa – mit Ausnahme der KiTas mit weniger als 40 Plätzen – soll eine stellvertretende Leitung bestellt werden. Sozialarbeiter und Sozialpädagogen in S 11, S. 12 und S 14 erhalten eine Anhebung ihrer Gehälter von 1 bis 2,6 %. Heilerziehungspfleger und Heilerzieher werden in S 8b eingruppiert und sind damit Erzieher/-innen mit staatlicher Anerkennung gleichgestellt. Leiter von Tagesstätten für Erwachsene mit Behinderung sind mit den Leitern in Tagesstätten für behinderte Kinder gleichgestellt. Die Gruppenleitungen in Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen kommen von der Entgeltgruppe S 5 in die S 7. Die Vereinbarung gilt rückwirkend zum 1. Juli 2015 und hat eine Laufzeit bis zum 30. Juni 2020.

Ab März 2016 fand planmäßig eine neue Tarifrunde des gesamten TVöD statt. Im Gegensatz zu dem sogenannten KiTa-Streik mit der Forderung nach neuen Eingruppierungsregeln ging es ab März 2016 um eine Erhöhung der Gehälter in den einzelnen Tabellen.

In Hamburg existiert mit dem örtlichen Arbeitgeberverband AVH (Arbeitsrechtliche Vereinigung Hamburg e. V.) eine eigene Tarifstruktur. Nach der bundesweiten Einigung verhandelten ver.di Hamburg und der AVH ab dem 20. Oktober 2015 eine spezielle Lösung für Hamburg. Eine Einigung wurde am 5. November 2015 erzielt. Bis Ende November 2015 stimmten 80,14 % der ver.di-Hamburg-Mitglieder für die Annahme des Tarifergebnisses vom 5. November 2015.

Tarifrunde 2020
Mit dem Ende der Mindestlaufzeit des TVöD-SuE am 31. August 2020 in Sichtweite, fanden bereits im November und Dezember 2019 Gespräche zur Evaluierung des Tarifvertrages zwischen den Tarifparteien statt; diese zeigten deutliche Unterschiede in der Bewertung der Situation.

Am 14. Februar 2020 verkündeten Verdi, DBB und Komba einen ambitionierten Forderungskatalog, der über eine finanzielle Aufstockung hinausgeht. So sollen die Eingruppierungsmerkmale überarbeitet und die Stufenlaufzeiten verkürzt werden. Führungskräfte sollen aufgewertet und stellvertretende Leitungen in allen Kitas verpflichtend werden.

Es waren drei Verhandlungsrunden geplant. Diese begannen am 5. März 2020 in Potsdam, ein zweites Treffen fand unter dem Eindruck der Corona-Pandemie am 23. März 2020 in Berlin statt; dabei wurde die geplante dritte Verhandlungsrunde am 29. April 2020 in Hannover abgesagt und durch ein Planungstreffen für die Tarifverhandlungen für den gesamten öffentlichen Dienst ersetzt, ohne einen neuen Verhandlungstermin anzusetzen.

Nach ergebnislosen Gesprächen mit dem VKA am 16. Juni 2020 in Berlin, insbesondere bezüglich einer Übergangsvereinbarung zur Verschiebung der Einkommensrunde bis 2021, kündigten kündigten DBB und Verdi an, sämtliche Entgelttabellen des TVöD, darunter auch die Entgelttabelle SuE, fristgemäß zum 31. August 2020 zu kündigen und ab 1. September 2020 in Potsdam en bloc zu verhandeln; gefordert werden insbesondere:
 eine Lohnerhöhung von 4,8 %, mindestens aber 150 € bei einer Laufzeit von 12 Monaten,
 eine Verkürzung der Wochenarbeitszeit in den neuen Bundesländern von 39 Stunden auf das "Westniveau" von 39 Stunden.
Die Arbeitgeber legten bei der ersten und zweiten Verhandlungsrunde am 1. und 19./20. September in Potsdam kein Angebot vor. In der Folge kam es zu Warnstreiks u. a. in Kitas und im ÖPNV. Die dritte und letzte Runde war für den 22./23. Oktober 2020 geplant; wäre es hier zu keiner Einigung gekommen, stünden noch die Optionen Weiterverhandeln, Schlichtungsverfahren, oder Urabstimmung und Erzwingungsstreiks offen. Vorher kam es aber noch zu zahlreichen Warnstreiks, u. a. einem deutschlandweiten Streik der in Ausbildung Befindlichen am 13. Oktober 2020, von Verdi als "Tarifrebellion" tituliert. Unerwartet machten die Arbeitgeber am 16. Oktober 2020 ein erstes Tarifangebot in Höhe von insgesamt 3,5 % über eine Laufzeit von dreieinhalb Jahren, das von der Arbeitnehmerseite umgehend zurückgewiesen wurde.

Die dritte Verhandlungsrunde am 22. und 23. Oktober wurde so lange fortgesetzt bis schließlich am 25. Oktober 2020 die Tarifeinigung verkündigt wurde. Sie sieht eine Corona-Sonderzahlung zusätzlich zu einer stufenweisen Entgelterhöhung um 3,2 % bei einer Laufzeit bis zum 31. Dezember 2022 vor.

Weblinks
 ver.di: Übersichtsseite zu den Tarifverträgen
 Öffentlicher-Dienst.info: TVöD-Online-Tarifrechner
 GEW: Ratgeber Eingruppierung
 Landeshauptstadt München: Informationen zur "Münchener Förderformel" sowie "Vorschriften und Dokumente"

Einzelnachweise

Behinderung (Deutschland)
Sozialberuf
Heilberuf
Heilpädagogik
Logopädie
Organisation (Lehrerbildung)
Pflege und Betreuung in Deutschland
Psychotherapie
Organisation (Sonderpädagogik)
Sozialpädagogik
Vorschulpädagogik

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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//  MSAppsViewController.m
//  OAuth2
//
//  Created by Trong_iOS on 5/10/17.
//  Copyright © 2017 Trong Dinh. All rights reserved.
//

#import "MSAppsViewController.h"

@interface MSAppsViewController ()

@end

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The Last of Us' Bella Ramsey Endures Ten-Minute Game of Thrones Rants From Fans
Funimation India January 21, 2023 in Web Series Tagged Bella, Endures, Fans, Game, Ramsey, Rants, TenMinute, Thrones - 2 Minutes
Bella Ramsey shares with Jimmy Kimmel what it's like for them when Game of Thrones fans use them to vent their disappointments with the show's finale.
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Bella Ramsey, who portrays Ellie in HBO's The Last of Us, shared how they still get people airing their frustrations to them over the conclusion of Game of Thrones in 2019.
While sitting with Jimmy Kimmel, the actor shared an anecdote regarding their post-Westeros life since playing Lyanna Mormont. "People like to ask me what I thought of the ending. And I ask them back, 'What did you think of it?'" they said. "I don't know, I don't have an opinion. I just let them either hate on it or talk about how great it was — mostly hate on the ending for like 10 minutes, and then I just sit there and listen and then say, 'Goodbye, nice to meet you,' and then that's it."
RELATED: The Last of Us: Bella Ramsey's Best Moments in Game of Thrones
Ramsey was introduced in the sixth season of Game of Thrones. While they only appeared in a total of nine episodes before the show's end, they received critical acclaim for their portrayal of Lyanna and quickly became a memorable fan-favorite. The actor also revealed during the interview that their mom told them about Lyanna's fate after reading the script before them. Concerning the show's conclusion, Ramsey told Kimmel, "Generally, the consensus is that it wasn't great. It seemed fine to me."
Bella Ramsey Plays Ellie in The Last of Us
While the final seasons of Game of Thrones never obtained the level of success that the first few seasons had, Ramsey's latest show, The Last of Us, has earned highly positive praise. The show debuted with a 96% on Rotten Tomatoes, with many critics hailing it as the greatest video game adaptation of all time. The first episode had 4.7 million viewers on the night of its premiere, HBO's biggest since House of the Dragon.
RELATED: HBO Gives The Last of Us Its Own Game of Thrones Opening
The Last of Us' Pedro Pascal Also Starred in Game of Throne
Pedro Pascal, Ramsey's co-star in The Last of Us, also appeared in Game of Thrones. The Mandolorian star portrayed Oberyn Martell, the Prince of Dorne, and appeared in a handful of episodes during the show's fourth season. Much like his Last of Us co-star, though, Oberyn was another show-stealing character who ultimately suffered one of Game of Thrones' most notorious and violent deaths.
New episodes of The Last of Us air on HBO every Sunday, and is available to stream any time on HBO Max.
#Bella #Ramsey #Endures #TenMinute #Game #Thrones #Rants #Fans
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Q: Please recommend pretty Java Swing components library I am right now working on a job of  retouching the user interface of a software which is coded in Java. The interface is now built using Swing. I am looking for a library of Java Swing components, which should look better than the original JComponents.
I have already found SlickerBox; the components there look much better than the originals. However, I don't like the color of the components in SlickerBox, and I can't find the way to customize the color. I am looking for a better library.
I would appreciate your answer!

A: Why not use the standard java Look and Feels there are plenty:

*

*JGoodies

*JTatoo

*Jide look and feel

*Liquidlnf

*Napkin LaF

*PgsLookAndFeel

*Quaqua (looks like aqua from MacOS X)

*Seaglass

*The Alloy Look and Feel

*The native for your system

*The nimbus LaF

*The substance project (forked into the Insubstantial project)

*WebLookAndFeel
Also see here for more free L&Fs:

*

*javootoo.com

*Synthetica Themes - Custom L&Fs
Alternatively you may want to know how to create your own:

*

*How to Write a Custom Look and Feel
Or Modifying the Look and Feel might be what you need
Java Look And Feel Libraries/Engines:

*

*Cezanne L&F engine
References :

*

*Best Java Swing Look and Feel Themes | Top 10

*oracle.com - Modifying the Look and Feel

*wikipedia.org - Pluggable look and feel

*Java2s.com - Look and feel

*Java Look and Feel (L&F)

A: I would recommend javaFX, it supports CSS. Sky's the limit plus you get a friendly UI builder by oracle check them out here!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Hi! I'm Robin: photographer, mom and avid reader. I live in rural New Hampshire. I will write about my favorite things - books, travel, photography and food.
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text:
Recent research in Southeast Asia: A tribute to Peter Bellwood
Judith Cameron
Few parts of the world have seen such an acceleration in the output of outstanding archaeological research as Southeast Asia, and we are fortunate to have persuaded some of the leading players to provide our readers with a major update of work in progress. The idea arose from a session at the recent IPPA congress, where a number of scholars gathered to pay tribute to Peter Bellwood, on the point of his retiring from his position as Secretary-General. We are very grateful to them for allowing versions of the papers they gave to find a wider audience through Antiquity, and delighted to have the chance to add our tribute to theirs.
10.1017/S0003598X00067892
Dive into the research topics of 'Recent research in Southeast Asia: A tribute to Peter Bellwood'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
antiquity Social Sciences 100%
General Secretary Arts & Humanities 98%
Archaeological Research Arts & Humanities 81%
South-East Asia Arts & Humanities 80%
Southeast Asia Social Sciences 80%
Players Arts & Humanities 69%
Antiquity Arts & Humanities 63%
Reader Arts & Humanities 42%
Cameron, J. (2011). Recent research in Southeast Asia: A tribute to Peter Bellwood. Antiquity, 85(328), 490-491. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00067892
Cameron, Judith. / Recent research in Southeast Asia: A tribute to Peter Bellwood. In: Antiquity. 2011 ; Vol. 85, No. 328. pp. 490-491.
@article{ebf9a56c338e4207b2e2f92b4c667cb2,
title = "Recent research in Southeast Asia: A tribute to Peter Bellwood",
abstract = "Few parts of the world have seen such an acceleration in the output of outstanding archaeological research as Southeast Asia, and we are fortunate to have persuaded some of the leading players to provide our readers with a major update of work in progress. The idea arose from a session at the recent IPPA congress, where a number of scholars gathered to pay tribute to Peter Bellwood, on the point of his retiring from his position as Secretary-General. We are very grateful to them for allowing versions of the papers they gave to find a wider audience through Antiquity, and delighted to have the chance to add our tribute to theirs.",
author = "Judith Cameron",
doi = "10.1017/S0003598X00067892",
journal = "Antiquity",
Cameron, J 2011, 'Recent research in Southeast Asia: A tribute to Peter Bellwood', Antiquity, vol. 85, no. 328, pp. 490-491. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00067892
Recent research in Southeast Asia: A tribute to Peter Bellwood. / Cameron, Judith.
In: Antiquity, Vol. 85, No. 328, 2011, p. 490-491.
T1 - Recent research in Southeast Asia: A tribute to Peter Bellwood
N2 - Few parts of the world have seen such an acceleration in the output of outstanding archaeological research as Southeast Asia, and we are fortunate to have persuaded some of the leading players to provide our readers with a major update of work in progress. The idea arose from a session at the recent IPPA congress, where a number of scholars gathered to pay tribute to Peter Bellwood, on the point of his retiring from his position as Secretary-General. We are very grateful to them for allowing versions of the papers they gave to find a wider audience through Antiquity, and delighted to have the chance to add our tribute to theirs.
AB - Few parts of the world have seen such an acceleration in the output of outstanding archaeological research as Southeast Asia, and we are fortunate to have persuaded some of the leading players to provide our readers with a major update of work in progress. The idea arose from a session at the recent IPPA congress, where a number of scholars gathered to pay tribute to Peter Bellwood, on the point of his retiring from his position as Secretary-General. We are very grateful to them for allowing versions of the papers they gave to find a wider audience through Antiquity, and delighted to have the chance to add our tribute to theirs.
U2 - 10.1017/S0003598X00067892
DO - 10.1017/S0003598X00067892
JO - Antiquity
JF - Antiquity
Cameron J. Recent research in Southeast Asia: A tribute to Peter Bellwood. Antiquity. 2011;85(328):490-491. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00067892


text:
Q: Published ASP.NET app sending me to "App is up and running, time to take next step to deploy" I have a student account through azure. I have hosted several assignments onto azure by publishing them through Visual Studio. I have a plan on azure with the $100 free credit and still have plenty of funds left. I have published my assignments many times with no issues. Lately, it will take the same process and say that it has finished and given me a link to my site. When I click the link it takes me to a page that says "Hey, App Service developers! Your app service is up and running.Time to take the next step and deploy your code."
I have never had this happen before. When I go to my account it shows all my deployed sites and the correct plan affiliated with them. Why are these suddenly doing this? Even when I try to follow the steps, it does not work. I am following the same process I have been doing for the other published applications. Some of them link to my sites just fine but several of them take me to this weird page. I can't submit my assignment links like this. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

A: Looks like something changed in your deployment process, refer following document for publishing app in Azure using Visual 2017
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/python/publish-to-app-service-windows?view=vs-2019#publish-to-app-service---visual-studio-2017-and-later


text:
Smith, William
SMITH, JR., William Kirk
William K. Smith, Jr.-dedicated husband, loving father, committed Christian, outstanding role-model, spry octogenarian, thoughtful neighbor, and steadfast friend- unexpectedly transitioned from this world on January 07, 2023 while relaxing at home, in Decatur, Georgia, with his wife of 60 years, Mattie Smith.
William was born in Monroe, Georgia on June 04, 1939 to Mr. and Mrs. William K. Smith Sr. At a young age, he began his Christian walk with the Lord at First African Baptist Church in Monroe. During his adolescent years, his parents and siblings relocated to Atlanta, Georgia, where he graduated from David T. Howard High School. His commitment to education earned him a Bachelor of Arts degree in Elementary Education from Morris Brown College and a Masters of Elementary Education at the Atlanta University.
William industriously worked at the Atlanta Postal System while matriculating through college. After graduating with a degree in Elementary Education, he obtained his first elementary school teaching position at F. L. Stanton Elementary school which catapulted a 25-year career in Education.
In 1963, William married the "apple of his eye", Mattie Smith. They met on the steps of Holmes Hall at Clark College. This loving union has nurtured the growth and development of 3 children and 4 grandchildren. Denise Brown, Dr. Shyronda Pleasant, and Erick Thomas are their children and William Pleasant, Ericka Thomas, Melonee Thomas, and Myles Thomas are their grandchildren.
In 1993, William retired from the Atlanta Public School System; however, he did not rest on his laurels because he dedicated his free time to supporting his church, family, neighbors and friends. William had an outstanding work ethic and was never scared to take on a new opportunity or challenge when the outcome would assist the people he loved. He had very strong values and was well liked by everyone. He had incredible patience, and always made time to help others. His mantra--'We are our brother's keepers and to whom much is given; much is required!"—continuously inspired his family to assume the responsibilities of public servants.
His legacy will carry on forever, reminding us that we control our attitudes. We choose to live a life of meaningful acts of love and service, like Christ modeled for us.
William was preceded in death by both of his parents and is survived by his wife, Mattie Smith; his children, Myrtle Brown, Shyronda (Tony) Pleasant and Erick (Lisa) Thomas, his grandchildren, William Pleasant, Ericka Thomas, Melonee Thomas, and Myles Thomas. He is also survived by his sisters, Jeanette Bloodsaw, Bazalene Benford, and Mary Ann Thompson; one aunt, Astory Montgomery; and a host of relatives and friends.
There will be a viewing held on Friday, January 13, 2023 from 12:00 PM to 7:00 PM at Donald Trimble Mortuary. A "Celebration of Life" will be held on Saturday, January 14, 2023 at 11:00am at Liberty Baptist Church followed by internment at Washington Memorial Gardens Cemetery. The repast will be held at Watson Memorial Fellowship Hall in Liberty Baptist Church.
** LIVESTREAM of Services available at 10:55 AM at www.donaldtrimblemortuary.com **
Donald Trimble Mortuary, Inc.
1876 Second Avenue
https://donaldtrimblemortuary.com/?utm_campaign=legacytraffic&utm_source=legacy&utm_medium=referral
Credit: JOHN SPINK / AJC
Do Georgia voter challenges amount to intimidation? Judge to decide
Matuszak, Donald


The official end of the Atlantic hurricane season is November 30, and since there are no active areas in the Atlantic Ocean right now, NOAA has released their preliminary final summary of the very destructive 2018 season, which included named storms from A to O, including Florence, Gordon, and Michael, which caused tremendous problems for us here in the Southeast. You can read more about it here.
Posted in Climate and Ag in the news, Climate summaries, Tropical weather.	Bookmark the permalink.


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De'Aaron Fox defensive struggles are a problem for the Kings
De'Aaron Fox's struggles on offense have been publicized, but defense might be the bigger issue.
By Leo Tochterman@leo_toch Nov 30, 2021, 12:38pm PST
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Photo by Thearon W. Henderson/Getty Images
De'Aaron Fox's offensive struggles through the first 21 games of the NBA season have been well-documented for good reason. After a breakout campaign in 2020-21, Fox has regressed across the board and just hasn't been able to find any consistency on that end for the Sacramento Kings.
But while he's certainly struggled offensively, an arguably more concerning long-term issue has been his inability to guard anyone on defense. Prior to this season, Fox pointed out defense as something he knew he needed to improve on for him and the team to take the next step.
"I know that I have to be more consistent on that end of the floor from the first quarter to the fourth quarter," Fox said in the team's late September media day. "That's what I want to be: one of those guys that can guard the best perimeter player on the team and still do what I have to do offensively to help the team win."
Well, now with the season a quarter of the way through, that has yet to come to fruition.
Photo by Zach Beeker/NBAE via Getty Images
Individual defensive statistics tend to be flawed, but most metrics rate Fox out as one of the worst defensive players in the NBA through more than a quarter of the season.
Fox's defensive rating is an abysmal 115.0, which is the third-worst among starting point guards — only Kemba Walker (116.3) and Ja Morant (116.8) have been worse. RAPTOR, a stat that measures the number of points a player contributes to team offense and team defense per 100 possessions lists Fox as 245th out of 250 qualified players in the defensive version of that metric.
Even when you compare Fox with past versions of himself, it's clear that the arrow has been continually pointed down since his second season. For someone with Fox's athletic ability and measurables, that shouldn't be the case.
via FiveThirtyEight
Arguably the most startling stat, however, is how much better the Kings are on defense with Fox off of the floor this. Per 100 possessions, the Kings have given up 14.9 fewer points per 100 possessions with Fox on the bench. That's not just the worst on the team, but it's in the first percentile in the NBA, per Cleaning the Glass.
So even though Fox has managed to maintain his status as the Kings' most impactful player on offense, posing a team-high +9.3 point differential on that end, his team is still worse with him on the floor because of his dreadful defense.
It's hard to know whether it's a scheme thing, an effort thing, or something else. Against Memphis, Fox was getting worked off the dribble by guys like De'Anthony Melton, who Fox has the physical advantage over. Recently, in the Kings' disappointing 102-94 loss to a depleted Philadelphia 76ers team, Fox was worked by Tyrese Maxey.
Getting blown by at the point of attack more this season might have something to with his lack of explosion. Fox has been considered one of the fastest players in the NBA since he entered the league, but this season that guy is M.I.A.
Whether that's a result of Fox adding that 10 to 15 pounds of muscle or just a lack of interest, Fox doesn't look as dynamic. In years past, Fox would have a couple of "wow" moments athletically every other game, where he'd get up to block a shot or have a speedy coast-to-coast finish, but this year you can count the number of those moments on one hand.
Entering the NBA, Fox was billed as a guy that could at a really good defender. But now in year five, it doesn't seem like that's going to be the case.
Part of his struggles on defense could be attributed to being dragged down by the constant cycle of losing and firing coaches, which is now in its fifth straight year. Fox wouldn't be the first player who came to Sacramento with wide eyes and was eventually dragged down by the losing.
Despite his struggles on both ends of the floor this season, Fox is the best player on the team and the most important player in the franchise. At a certain point, he needs to realize that he sets the tone for the team defensively, and they are never getting out of the gutter unless he makes strides on that part of the floor.
Offensive struggles happen when the shot doesn't fall. Defense on the other hand is a lot more effort-based and it's clear that Fox just isn't putting enough effort in. Fox is too talented and capable to keep going down this path.
Tyrese Haliburton enters NBA's health and safety protocols A huge blow for Sactown.
Rumors: De'Aaron Fox's name is receiving interest throughout the league As the Kings try to make a big move, Fox might have to big included in any deal.
Kings vs. Rockets Preview: Can Sacramento give Houston problems again? The Kings will be looking for their second consecutive win against the Rockets on Sunday.


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2017 NFL Draft: Big Winners
May 12th, 2017 by Bullseye Event Group
With the focal points of the 2017 NFL offseason well behind us, teams are beginning to shift their focuses towards the elusive Lombardi Trophy and Super Bowl LII in Minneapolis. Which teams walked away from April's 2017 NFL Draft as the biggest winners and most improved, according to the experts?
Dallas Cowboys – Dane Brugler, CBS Sports
"The surprise team of the 2016-17 NFL season, the Dallas Cowboys, focused the majority of their NFL Draft selections on the defensive side of the ball, utilizing defensive players with seven of their nine draft picks. "While the first round pick was solid — not great, not bad — it was the value on days two and three that qualifies the Cowboys for this list. Dallas revamped the secondary with Awuzie and Lewis on day two, adding White later in the sixth round. But the best value was landing Woods in the sixth. The Cowboys traded a future fifth round pick to get back into this draft and get the former Louisiana Tech safety as they try to recreate last year's outstanding value when they grabbed corner Anthony Brown in the sixth round." – Dane Brugler, CBS Sports
Arizona Cardinals – Kristopher Knox, Bleacher Report
"The Arizona Cardinals, much like the Dallas Cowboys, utilized the historically deep defensive selections in the 2017 NFL Draft to bolster the defensive side of the football. "The Cardinals defense gets even nastier with the addition of Haason Reddick and Budda Baker. Arizona added some nice upside prospects on Day 3." – Kristopher Knox, Bleacher Report
Minnesota Vikings – Dan Kadar, SB Nation
"Despite trading away their first-round selection in the 2016 offseason to the Philadelphia Eagles, a trade that brought in quarterback Sam Bradford, the Minnesota Vikings managed to find great value with the picks they did have. "(The Vikings) still managed to get first-round value in running back Dalvin Cook. I think he can be a star in the NFL, and trading a fourth-round pick to get him was worth it. On the field, he's a playmaker who runs with speed, shiftiness, and enough power. The Vikings needed help on the offensive line, and they got it in Ohio State's Pat Elflein. Whether it's guard or center, he's a starter on the line. He's a tough and instinctive blocker who could become one of the leaders on the team." – Dan Kadar, SB Nation
San Francisco 49ers – Eric Single, Sports Illustrated
"The San Francisco 49ers managed to trade all around the draft and stockpile picks, both for this draft and the future, under rookie general manager John Lynch. "Maybe don't mess with the new guy? With the second pick in a wide-open draft, Lynch knew he had the league in the palm of his hand, and the moment wasn't too big for him. San Francisco's first-year GM got the Bears to pull the trigger on a costly trade up for Mitchell Trubisky, then landed a player the 49ers needed at pick No. 3 anyway in Stanford star Solomon Thomas, and then jumped back into Round 1 to get another top-five talent in Reuben Foster. Not bad for a greenhorn—we'll just look past that QB depth chart for a year." – Eric Single, Sports Illustrated
For a full recap of winners and losers from Dane Brugler of CBS Sports, click here.
For a full recap of winners and losers from Kristopher Knox of Bleacher Report, click here.
For a full recap of winners and losers from Dan Kadar of SB Nation, click here.
For a full recap of winners and losers from Eric Single of Sports Illustrated, click here.
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