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Gattai Games takes horror to another level
By Chong Jinn Xiung December 16, 2016
Sound-based game taps into fear of the dark and unknown
Has VR mode to fully immerse players, best played at night
THE fear of the dark is man's most ancient and primal fear. Taking that concept and building a game around it, Singaporean indie game studio Gattai Games built a sound-based horror game called Stifled.
This is Gattai's second horror game, after Lurking, a 3D survival horror game based on the concept of echolocation that they had built in 2014 during their time as students in the DigiPen Institute of Technology Singapore.
Back then the team had initially experimented with the idea of putting players in control of a blind girl who has to use sound to solve puzzles.
However, they deemed the idea too complicated and instead opted to switch to a horror game called Lurking. With Stifled, they are back to the sound-based horror game they originally wanted to build. Not surprisingly, Stifled, builds upon the foundation laid by Lurking with the team describing it as the spiritual successor to their original idea.
The self-funded studio comprises Justin Ng, the studio's self-professed design and business guy, Dexter Chng Shi Rong, the game designer, Bryan Teo, the code and audio person and ZhongMin Soo, the programmer.
Ng said the team was encouraged by Lurking's critical reception as it won the Best Student Game and Excellence in Technology during 2014 Independent Games Festival China and was selected as a nominee at South by Southwest (SXSW) Gaming Expo in 2015.
In an interview with DNA, Ng explained that the four friends all love games and it was the unifying factor that brought them together to start their own studio. Even the word Gattai is the Japanese word for merged or fused, denoting the combination of the four members.
Stifled was originally slated to be released on Dec 13, 2016. However, the team decided to push its release back to the first quarter of 2017.
"We want to improve upon the game before release rather than releasing a patch. As a horror game, we want to make sure the player's first play-through is perfect as we only get one shot to scare them right," explains Ng.
Built entirely in Unity 3D, the game encourages players to use their device's built-in microphone to generate "pulses" of sound that bounce and highlight what is around them. This method of echolocation is similar to that used by bats when they navigate in pitch darkness.
The problem is that they are not alone in the dark and their next scream could potentially give their location away to roaming enemies who will seek out and end the player's life.
Ng said the concept of an echolocation game is admittedly not brand new and there are other games in the market with slightly different interpretations of the concept.
"More competition is fine by us. We are just here to make cool stuff for people to play," he says.
Horror games and virtual reality are a perfect match as the team learnt when they made a VR mode for Lurking with the Oculus Rift.
Ng said Stifled will have a VR mode specially developed for the PlayStation VR. Though the experience is still a sit-down-and-play set up, once players don the headset and a pair of headphones they would be fully immersed in the Stifled world.
Not on the mobile bandwagon
At first, Gattai Games started working on mobile games, but Ng said ultimately the team did not enjoy the process.
To him, it's all about finding the right fit for your game and what model works for it. In his opinion, "the majority of mobile games today are of the free-to-play variety and that changes the value proposition of your game."
For the studio, the free-to-play model does not speak to them from a design standpoint and they don't intend to follow trends.
"We recognise that we want to create something different and we want to make a game that we would want to play and not just for the sake of making money."
Before concluding that Stifled would be released on the PC (via Steam), PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, Ng said the team experimented with the idea of making a mobile version of the game.
"We are not averse to making a mobile game but felt a mobile game would not fit the experience of playing Stifled."
"It just doesn't feel the same if someone plays the game on the train during the day. To fully enjoy it, the game needs to be played at home at night."
Once they are done with this project it is on to the next game, with the team already working on their next project.
"Ideas come at any time and for us, we are willing to sit down and bounce our ideas off one another. We need to have several ideas ready as we can't put all our hopes on one game and hope it will be our big hit," he says. Yet the Gattai quartet will surely not mind it one bit if Stifled becomes a horrifying hit.
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For more technology news and the latest updates, follow us on Twitter, LinkedIn or Like us on Facebook.
Gattai Games
Justin Ng
Dexter Chng Shi Rong
Bryan Teo
ZhongMin Soo
Chong Jinn Xiung
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Is trading crosses riskier than trading the majors?
One of the most common advice in the Forex world is to stick to trading the major currency pairs. Very often, some of these, so-called experts even recommend trading only one major currency pair, most often EURUSD getting the number one pick.
Rationales cited behind this thinking include arguments like, major pairs are more liquid, easier to trade, less volatile, less unexpected spiking price action, generally better execution (for short-term trading) and so on.
It's believed that focusing on only one major currency pair helps the trader to master its unique characteristics and therefore trade it more successfully once the trader has gained more knowledge about that particular FX pair.
As a result, trading cross currency pairs is a bit of a taboo among Forex traders, especially traders who are just starting out, many of whom are led to believe that somehow trading the crosses is inherently more dangerous and more difficult than trading the majors.
However, the reality is not so simple. Currency pairs change their behavior as times are changing, and if for example, EURUSD was trading in a range for two years, it doesn't mean that a strong trend will not emerge in the following two years.
Although there is some merit behind the reasoning to trade only one pair, in the long run, it's likely to bring smaller profits as the ever-evolving Forex market rearranges the opportunities among the different currency pairs.
Sticking to only one pair, or even to only the 8 major Forex pairs over the long run means that the trader will miss all other opportunities that exist every day on the other currency pairs.
Of course, taking on all currency pairs right from the start and trying to follow all of them can be hugely overwhelming for a new comer.
So, in this regard, following the general advice and sticking to major pairs, in the beginning, is a prudent move. However, it should not be a long-term strategy because trading the crosses is not intrinsically more dangerous or less profitable than the major pairs.
In fact, quite often, much better opportunities exist on the cross currency pairs than on the majors.
Trading the crosses can be more and less risky compared to trading the majors. This depends on the specific cross you choose and also it can depend on the time period in which you decided to trade that particular cross currency pair.
As we all know, some periods in the markets are generally much more volatile and some periods are distinguished by very low volatility across all currency pairs.
Nevertheless, some Forex pairs are naturally more volatile than others. In this regard, cross currency pairs can be generally divided into two categories according to their volatility.
Correlated cross pairs are forex pairs comprised of two currencies which generally trade hand in hand and their correlation is very high. How correlated two currencies are can be checked by looking at each currency's separate chart against the US Dollar.
So, for example, the Australian and the New Zealand Dollars are two highly correlated currencies and this can be confirmed by looking at the AUDUSD and NZDUSD charts. Most of the time AUDUSD and NZDUSD move in the same direction.
The cross currency pair is AUDNZD therefore, which is generally a very calm and slow moving pair as a result.
The same is true for the EURGBP currency pair because the Euro and the British Pound generally move in the same direction.
Commodity crosses like the AUDCAD and NZDCAD pairs are also most of the time trading in ranges because AUD, NZD, and CAD are all currencies highly dependent on commodity prices. Long-term trends rarely develop on these cross pairs.
AUDNZD Daily chart – A lot of sideways price action!
Now, this is where a trader can get an adrenaline boost. These currency pairs are comprised of uncorrelated currencies, for example, European against Commodity currencies, or European against the safe-haven Japanese Yen.
As a result, they are highly volatile and most often very trending. GBP crosses lead the way in this regard, with GBPNZD and GBPJPY topping the list, sometimes even reaching over 200 - 300 pips of daily trading ranges.
Therefore, we can conclude that uncorrelated cross pairs are riskier to trade than the correlated crosses, especially for new comers. However, they are also more attractive as they are often trending and the moves are large which means being on the right side can bring large profits.
Crosses vs. Majors – What's different?
Cross currency pairs have generally higher spreads than the major pairs and depending on your broker the size of the spreads can vary greatly.
Higher spreads are normal due to the fact that crosses are traded much less and in much lower volumes on the interbank market than the major pairs.
In fact, institutional traders will most often trade cross pairs through USD pairs thus creating, even more, liquidity for the US Dollar. More on this subject and how to use USD pairs to analyze the crosses will be discussed in a future piece of this article series.
Just opening a few charts from several different cross pairs can demonstrate how each of them will tend to have their own unique characteristics, just like the majors.
Some are trending for most of the time with minuscule retracements during the move, while other pairs spend long periods of time in ranges. Even among the crosses that are of the same type, each of them will have a slightly different usual behavior. Learning to tune into the day to day trading pulse of each currency pair comes with time and practice.
Because the major pairs are most actively traded and most traders are placing their orders on the major pairs, support and resistance levels are generally more reliable.
While on cross currency pairs the price will often break a seemingly important resistance level only to return back below it and then go above the resistance again. On the major pairs this is a rare occurrence.
To tackle these unwanted situations we need to use a relatively different approach when we are trading the crosses compared to when we are trading the majors. More on this topic will follow in the next articles of this series.


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Scikit learn estimator with TensorFlow
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.. automodule:: NNFlow

.. autoclass:: MLPRegFlow
    :members:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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PhD programs in Indian philosophy in Europe—2018 edition–UPDATED
Posted on 10 February 2018 by elisa freschi — 2 Comments ↓
This post is the European continuation of Andrew Nicholson's one. Andrew is also the one who prompted me to write a European list.
Indian philosophy is taught in at least two different places in Europe: (South) Asian (or Oriental or Indological) Studies and —less often— Philosophy departments. The dominant trend of US universities, where Indian philosophy is taught predominantly in Religious Studies departments is only evident in the UK. Departments of Asian Studies, of Oriental Studies or of Indology, often have a philological focus (so that knowing Sanskrit or other relevant languages is strongly recommended, although not compulsory), whereas studying Indian Philosophy in a Philosophy department may imply having to avoid Sanskrit.
Further elements for non-European students and scholars:
1) university fees are by and large very low in Europe (between nothing and 1,500 E per year for full-time students) and in many countries funding is available, so that one gets paid for being a PhD student —very often being a PhD student is much easier than being a post-Doc!
2) the main point of a PhD course in Europe is the final output, i.e., your dissertation. You might have to attend classes (or not), but the main focus should remain the fact of becoming an independent researcher, and this is proved by your ability to write a book on your own.
3) do not choose a certain department on the basis of your expectations to have a career in Indian Philosophy. Write a PhD in Indian Philosophy (only) because you are interested in it. There are little or no SLACs in Europe and in this sense you cannot really plan a career as a university teacher of Indian Philosophy in Europe (you might have a few more chances as a researcher, but this involves being willing and able to do research with others, or alone and to apply for fundings).
Now, a disclaimer: the European landscape of research related to Indian philosophy is variegated. I have surely forgotten many institutions (for instance, as far as I know, there is no one working on Indian philosophy in Spain, Portugal, Greece, Malta…is this really the case?) and have not been exhaustive in the case of others (for instance, I have been unable to gather exhaustive informations concerning Croatia and Hungary). I rely on readers for emendations and supplements.
The elements which will be listed, beside the universities, are: AOS, whether funding is possible and whether it is possible to write one's PhD thesis in English. In all cases, no information does not mean that it is impossible, it only means that I have no information about it.
AUSTRIA (possibility to write a PhD thesis in English)
University of Vienna (Institute of South Asian, Tibetology and Buddhist Studies) Sanskrit philosophy, especially Nyāya, Mīmāṃsā and Viśiṣṭādvaita Vedānta, Āyurveda, Sanskrit philology, Buddhist philosophy, especially Pramāṇavāda and Mādhyamaka, Tibetan philosophy
University of Vienna (Institute of Philosophy) Intercultural philosophy (a main focus on Indian philosophy is possible)
funding possibilities: through the FWF, the Academy of Sciences or the University itself (in all cases you need the approval of a supervisor)
NB: some directors of studies affiliated to the IKGA (Institute for the Cultural and Intellectual History of Asia, Austrian Academy of Sciences) may also accept PhD students, although those institutions do not directly deliver diplomas.
BELGIUM (possibility to write a PhD thesis in English)
Brussel, Vrije Universiteit (Antwerp FVG, Faculty for Comparative Study of Religions) (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism, Indian Philosophy, especially Vedānta schools, Kaśmīr Śaivism) 2 funding posibilities: FWO (regional) and BOF (university)
Ghent (dept. of languages and cultures of South and East Asia) (Jainism, Buddhism, Indian Philosophy)
Louvain, Université catholique de Louvain (Catholic University of Louvain in Louvain-la-Neuve):
—(Faculty of Letters, Oriental Institute, with Christoph Vielle)
—(Faculty of Theology, Religious sciences, with Philippe Cornu (Buddhism, esp. Tibetan one))
Zagreb (Humanities) (Upaniṣads, Vedānta)
CZECH REPUBLIC UPDATED
Charles University of Prague (Institute of Philosophy & Religious Studies) (please note that you'll need to find a suitable supervisor)
FRANCE (possibility to write a PhD in English)
Paris, EPHE (4th section and especially 5th section, "Sciences Religieuses") (Brahmanical systems, Buddhist philosophy (including Tibetan), Śaiva philosophy, philosophy of language (Sanskrit and, in case, Tibetan), very limited possibility for fundings
Paris III-Sorbonne Nouvelle (Department of Indian Studies) (Buddhist and Brahmanical philosophy, special focus on Śaiva philosophy, aesthetics).
Paris IV-Sorbonne, Department of philosophy (Comparative philosophy, general Indian philosophy). No Sanskrit needed for Masters-degree, needed for PhD but not taught at Paris IV; most students take an additional degree at Paris III.
Lille III (Tantrism)
Lyon 3-Jean Moulin / Institut de Recherches Philosophiques de Lyon: Jaina philosophy.
NB: some directors of studies affiliated to the EFEO (Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient, mostly based in Paris and Pondicherry) or to the CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris) may also accept PhD students, although those institutions do not directly deliver diplomas.
GERMANY (possibility to write a PhD in English, very low fees, special emphasis on Sanskrit texts, so that critical editions (also) of philosophical texts are possible also at other locations) (in all cases below, the universities have an "institute of Indology" or something similar)
Göttingen (Indian religions, including Veda, Pāli, Epics…)
Hamburg (Nyāya, Vaiśeṣika, Tantrism, Kaśmīrī Śaiva Philosophy, Mahāyāna, Tibetan Buddhism)
Halle (Sanskrit Philosophy, especially Mokṣopāya and Kaśmīrī philosophy)
Heidelberg (Sanskrit Philosophy and Religions, perhaps also contemporary Indian philosophy)
Leipzig (Sanskrit Philosophy, especially Pramāṇavāda)
Mainz (Buddhist Philology in Central Asia)
Marburg (Śaiva and Kashmirī philosophy, Mokṣopāya, Buddhist Philosophy)
Munich (Buddhism, Tibetan religions, Jainism and Vedānta (esp. Dvaita))
Budapest, Eötvös Loránd University (dept. of Indo-European Studies) (Sanskrit philology)
ITALY (possibility to write a PhD thesis in English)
Cagliari University (faculty of Humanities) (Sanskrit philosophy, Vyākaraṇa), full funding for 3 years possible
Naples University (Oriental Studies) (Sanskrit philosophy, especially Śaivism, Buddhism and Tantrism in general, Sanskrit philology), full funding for 3 years possible
Rome, Sapienza University (Oriental Studies) (Sanskrit Philosophy, especially Śaivism, Pramāṇavāda, Tantrism and Vyākaraṇa, Sanskrit philology), full funding for 3 years possible (2–3 funded position per year, some of them are reserved for international students)
Turin University (Asian and African Studies) (Indian religions and philosophy, especially Advaita Vedānta and Buddhism), full funding for 3 years possible (1 new funded position every second year) (one can write a PhD thesis in any language of the EU)
Venice University (Asian Studies) (Indian religions and philosophy, especially Vedānta, Sāṅkhya, Yoga, Dharmaśāstra, Sociology of Indian religions), full funding for 3 years possible (1 new funded position every year, but there are often not enough candidates). This PhD program is connected with the Heidelberg university. It might be worth noting that they also have an MA in Yoga studies.
NETHERLANDS (possibility to write a PhD thesis in English, all classes are in English)
Leiden (Institute for Area Studies) (Buddhist Philosophy), no fees and full funding for 4 or 5 years possible (see here)
Leiden (Philosophy Department), Chinese, Indian and comparative philosophy. Possibility of funding through the NWO (deadline around February, further information here)
Krakow (Pedagogical University, dept. of Philosophy and Sociology) (Indian Philosophy, especially Buddhism, Sāṅkhya, Yoga, Advaita Vedānta, Comparative Philosophy, contemporary Indian philosophy)
Krakow (Jagiellonian University, dept. of Oriental Studies) (Indian Philosophy, especially early Advaita Vedānta and Viśiṣṭādvaita Vedānta, Vaiṣṇavism)
Poznan (Languages and Literature) (Indian Philosophy, especially ethics)
Warsaw (dept. of South Asian Studies) (Indian Philosophy, especially Jainism, Mīmāṃsā)
RUSSIA (possibility to write a PhD thesis in English at St. Petersburg)
Moscow (institute of Philosophy) (Indian philosophy, especially Vaiśeṣika)
Moscow (Moscow State University) (Vyākaraṇa, Sanskrit Philology)
Moscow (Russian State University for Humanities) (Jainism, Indian Philology)
St. Petersburg (St. Petersburg State University) (Bhartṛhari, Vyākaraṇa, Buddhism, some Indian philology)
St Petersburg (Institute of Oriental Manuscripts (Buddhist philosophy, Kaśmīri Śaivism, Bhartṛhari, Tibetan Buddhism)
SWITZERLAND (possibility to write a PhD thesis in English)
Lausanne (Section on languages and cultures slavic and of South Asia) (Buddhist studies, contemporary Indian philosophy)
Zürich (Hinduism, contemporary Hinduism, Ethics) (possibility to apply for a six-month grant to write your PhD proposal before starting your PhD)
UK (higher fees, up to 4,000 pounds per year) (some possibilities of fundings through the University, the Colleges and private institutions)
Bristol (centre for Buddhist studies) (Theravāda Buddhism, Chinese Buddhism, Zen Buddhism)
Cambridge (Asian and Middle Eastern Studies) (Sanskrit Philology, Vyākaraṇa, Mīmāṃsā, Buddhist Studies)
Cambridge (Divinity) (Vedānta, contemporary Indian Philosophy)
Cardiff (Religious and Theological Studies) (Buddhist studies and philosophy)
Dundee (Philosophy) NO SANSKRIT
Durham (Philosophy) (Environmental Ethics in Buddhism)
Edinburgh (South Asian Studies) (Indian Philosophy, especially Jainism)
Kent (Religious Studies) (Buddhism, Vedānta)
Lancaster (Religious Studies; Philosophy) (Indian Philosophy, especially Vedānta)
Leeds (Theology and Religious Studies) (Sāṅkhya, Pātañjala Yoga)
Liverpool (Philosophy) (Vedānta, contemporary Indian philosophy)
London, King's College (Philosophy) (logic, epistemology, metaphysics and philosophy of language in India, Greek and modern Western philosophy) NO SANSKRIT
London, SOAS (Religion; South Asia) (Buddhist studies, Tibetan Buddhism, Yoga, Jainism)
Manchester University (Arts, Languages, and Cultures) (Indian philosophy, especially Vedānta)
Oxford (Oriental Studies) (Indian philosophy, especially Vyākaraṇa and Mīmāṃsā, Sanskrit philology, Sanskrit scientific literature)
Oxford (Theology and Religion)
Oxford (one might also want to get in touch with the Oxford Center of Buddhist Studies and the Oxford Center of Hindu studies for external tuition)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: I am really obliged to the following people for their help: Daniele Cuneo, Evgeniya Desnitskaya, Camillo Formigatti, Jonardon Ganeri, Marzenna Jakubczak, Lubomir Ondracka, Isabelle Ratié, Agnieszka Rostalska, Alex Watson.
ADDITIONAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS FOR THE 2018 EDITION: Elise Coquereau, Jonardon Ganeri, Marzenna Jakubczak, Robert Leach, Lubomir Ondracka, Agnieszka Rostalska, Anna-Pya Sjödin, Robert Zydenbos.
(cross-posted also on the Indian philosophy blog
This entry was posted in Announcements and tagged Andrew Nicholson by elisa freschi. Bookmark the permalink.
About elisa freschi
My long-term program is to make "Indian Philosophy" part of "Philosophy". You can follow me also on my personal blog: elisafreschi.com, on Academia, on Amazon, etc.
View all posts by elisa freschi →
2 Replies to "PhD programs in Indian philosophy in Europe—2018 edition–UPDATED"
Ruzana Pskhu on 10 February 2018 at 8:57 pm said:
Dear Elisa! You forgot to mention People's Friendship University of Russia (Moscow) – Vedanta, yoga, Sanskrit)))
elisa freschi on 10 February 2018 at 9:00 pm said:
Many thanks! Could you please add some information concerning whether it is possible to write one's thesis also in a language other than Russian, whether there are scholarships available etc.?
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New Year, New Perspective! A Personal Note from our President.
Happy New Year! This time of the year we often reflect on the year just ending. Last January, rather than the traditional resolution, I decided to select a word to focus on in the coming year – JOY became my carefully considered word! It was a small but powerful word that helped me find joy in the simple pleasure of life, whether waking up to a sunny day, seeing glimpses of nature on a morning walk that I hadn't noticed before, or getting good news of any kind from family, friends etc. I had no idea how powerful this little word would be for me.
During the last few months of 2017, my husband, Lloyd, found me one morning as I was planting flowers in late September to let me know he was having chest pains. We immediately went to the emergency room to have him checked out. After 4 hours getting blood work, EKGs etc., they determined that he had not had a heart attack, but something was going on and we were referred to a cardiologist in Bedford, VA, his hometown and where we have a home.
After a visit with the cardiologist on Oct. 4th, an echocardiogram and stress test were scheduled for Oct. 9th, however the stress test was canceled after the echo determined he had blockage. We were sent to Centra's Lynchburg General Hospital and Stroobants Heart Center for a heart catheterization. By noon that day it was determined that Lloyd had 3 blockages to his heart that would require quadruple heart bypass surgery; one blockage, dubbed the widowmaker, was 99.9% blocked! The surgery on Oct. 11th, lead by Dr. Kenneth Saum and his team, was a success! Though we had read about Lynchburg General in Consumer's Report as being ranked 3rd in the Southeast for hospitals and a national benchmark facility for cardiac care, we had no idea what a valuable resource we had at our back door! We gave much thought into coming back to Raleigh, though his recuperation post-surgery for the past 3 months has been enhanced by the beautiful Blue Ridge Mountains at our front door!
JOY became a real touchstone through the following hard days. We woke up looking at the stunning fall colors changing every day, gradually walked around the yard in-between much needed rest, and enjoyed small plates of food. Eventually longer walks happened, and with more doctor's appointments offering encouragement and progress, cardio rehab finally began late November. Lloyd has now graduated to hiking with his turkey dogs in the mountains and hunting turkeys, though he cannot yet shoot a gun. He is focused on his goals of getting fully back to turkey, duck, and goose hunting, and golfing by spring. His surgeon told him that in 4-6 months he should be completely healed.
Through all of this we had hundreds of cards from family and friends almost daily, sending love and encouragement. After we were home, visits from friends and family with comfort food and kindness warmed our hearts and filled us with nourishment and pleasure! Flowers and other gifts arrived at our door making us feel so special and touched by the generosity and love being showered upon us. Our hearts were healed and more opened by these small things that brought us both JOY in every day.
After he was released to drive on Nov. 9th, I returned to Raleigh for the first time in 6 weeks! I was unable to focus on much other than rescheduling appointments on my calendar for another time in the future and felt I was NOT carrying my share of responsibility for Rich Commercial Realty with my partners. They were extremely supportive and told me in no uncertain terms that "we have your back" – another grace that brought JOY to my heart and tears to my eyes. Through all of this, we had another record breaking year in 2017! I could not be more proud of this special team and all we have accomplished!
2018 brings about a new word that I am focused on – FLOW, meaning to go from one place to another in a steady stream, or a steady, continuous stream of something. It wasn't until I fully looked up the definition of the word that I realized it is a synonym of circulate or circulation, appropriate for someone now schooled on heart surgery and the significance of a blockage. I am now focused on my word keeping me on the right course with ease no matter what daily challenges might arise. My wish for you all is ease in everything you do, and above all, good health and happiness in this New Year!


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Home Blog Take care about moral outrage, say psychologists; it can be self-serving
Take care about moral outrage, say psychologists; it can be self-serving
A cleansing fire: Moral outrage alleviates guilt and buffers threats to one's moral identity
Zachary K. Rothschild, Email author, and Lucas A. Keefer 25 February 2017, DOI: 10.1007/s11031-017-9601-2
Rothschild, Z.K. & Keefer, L.A. Motiv Emot (2017). doi:10.1007/s11031-017-9601-2
Why do people express moral outrage? While this sentiment often stems from a perceived violation of some moral principle, we test the counter-intuitive possibility that moral outrage at third-party transgressions is sometimes a means of reducing guilt over one's own moral failings and restoring a moral identity. We tested this guilt-driven account of outrage in five studies examining outrage at corporate labor exploitation and environmental destruction. Study 1 showed that personal guilt uniquely predicted moral outrage at corporate harm-doing and support for retributive punishment. Ingroup (vs. outgroup) wrongdoing elicited outrage at corporations through increased guilt, while the opportunity to express outrage reduced guilt (Study 2) and restored perceived personal morality (Study 3). Study 4 tested whether effects were due merely to downward social comparison and Study 5 showed that guilt-driven outrage was attenuated by an affirmation of moral identity in an unrelated context.
Summary by Elizabeth Brown | Mar. 1, 2017:
Outrage expressed "on behalf of the victim of [a perceived] moral violation" is often thought of as "a prosocial emotion" rooted in "a desire to restore justice by fighting on behalf of the victimized," explain Bowdoin psychology professor Zachary Rothschild and University of Southern Mississippi psychology professor Lucas A. Keefer in the latest edition of Motivation and Emotion. Yet this conventional construction—moral outrage as the purview of the especially righteous—is "called into question" by research on guilt, they say.
Feelings of guilt are a direct threat to one's sense that they are a moral person and, accordingly, research on guilt finds that this emotion elicits strategies aimed at alleviating guilt that do not always involve undoing one's actions. Furthermore, research shows that individuals respond to reminders of their group's moral culpability with feelings of outrage at third-party harm-doing. These findings suggest that feelings of moral outrage, long thought to be grounded solely in concerns with maintaining justice, may sometimes reflect efforts to maintain a moral identity.
To test this guilt-to-outrage-to-moral-reaffirmation premise, Rothschild and Keefer conducted five separate studies assessing the relationships between anger, empathy, identity, individual and collective guilt, self perception, and the expression of moral outrage. Findings suggested that "outrage driven by moral identity concerns serves to compensate for the threat of personal or collective immorality" and the cognitive dissonance that it might elicit, and expose a "link between guilt and self-serving expressions of outrage that reflect a kind of 'moral hypocrisy,' or at least a non-moral form of anger with a moral facade."


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Dec. 6, 2019 10:51 PM EST
New Hampshire landfill expansion hearing
AP-NH--Landfill Expansion Review
BETHLEHEM, N.H. (AP) — New Hampshire residents attended a public hearing to voice their objections to a 5.71-acre expansion of a local landfill.
North County Environmental Services is seeking a modification to its permit that could potentially accommodate a million tons of waste.
The parent company behind the landfill, Casella Waste Systems, reached an agreement with the town not purchase additional land in 2012 only to buy additional land a few years later, according to Bethlehem resident Brian Cook.
The current proposal is not what was agreed on in 2012, he said.
Opponents to the expansion outweighed supporters citing issues with noise, odor, contaminates in test wells and insufficient cover, according to The Caledonian-Record.
"A lot of people in this town are struggling to keep up with their taxes and keep their houses," Bethlehem resident Dick Robie said. "We can all be experts, but we are asking our biggest taxpayer to go away."
The Department of Environmental Services will review Casella's operating and closing plans, past performance, the company's accordance with the state's solid waste management statute, noise, odors, and vectors including bears and rodents.
The department plans to accept written testimony until Dec. 20 and will issue a decision by Jan. 20.
Environmental equipment and services


In this blog post; I am going to explain how to remove a specific language version from items in Sitecore programmatically. Currently; I have got into a situation where I have to remove a specific language version (fr-FR in my case) from Sitecore items of a multilingual website. Below function RemoveLanguageVersion(string rootItemPath, string languageName) takes the root item path and language name as input parameter and remove given language version from root item and child items of root item.
Above code will remove fr-FR language version from item /sitecore/content/Home/Audience and its child item recursively.


text:
Japan's Canon to launch $2.8 bn bid to buy Sweden's Axis
Japan's Canon to launch $2.8 bn bid to buy Sweden's Axis/AFP
By AGENCE FRANCE PRESSE, TOKYO, Feb 10- Japan's Canon said Tuesday it would launch a tender offer to buy all outstanding shares in Axis AB, a Swedish network video solutions company, for about $2.8 billion next month.
The Japanese camera and copier maker said in a statement that funds required for the purchase would reach 23.6 billion Swedish krona, or about 333.7 billion yen ($2.8 billion).
The offer is "friendly in nature and the Board of Directors of Axis has decided to recommend Axis's shareholders to accept it", Canon said.
The offer would be launched as soon as Swedish financial authorities and the Stockholm stock exchange give approval, scheduled for early March.
The deal would "enable both companies to offer innovative, sophisticated network video solutions", Canon said.
Axis, established in 1984 in Lund, Sweden, reported a net profit of 539 million Swedish krona for the year to December on sales of 5.45 billion Swedish krona.
Canon said in late January that net profit grew 10.5 percent in 2014 owing to the impact of a weak yen and cost cuts as well as strong demand for its office equipment.
Japan's currency has declined sharply against the dollar recently, a plus for exporters as it inflates the value of repatriated overseas income.
Canon and domestic rivals including Sony and Olympus have seen a big drop in sales of their digital imaging products as camera equipped smartphone sales boom.
Despite the slowdown, Canon said it expects both sales and profit to grow in 2015.
Dapper online gambler heading Sweden's rising far right
Volvo looks to Belgium for guarantees
Canon Inc. profit tumbles
Canon net profit nearly doubles
Google to power Finnish data centre with wind energy
China s Geely completes takeover of Volvo
Volvo cancels 600 layoffs
Volvo picks insider Persson as new head
BRUSSELS, Belgium, Jul 17 - The EU's powerful antitrust authority launched an in-depth investigation…


What's your position at Natural Selection?
What attracted you to the safari industry?
What drew you to Natural Selection?
Which is your favourite Natural Selection camp and why?
What's been your most memorable sighting at a Natural Selection camp?


You may register additional guests at the rate of $45 with your registration.
WMBA is pleased to announce the second annual WMBA Best In Business Awards.
This exciting event will be held on October 27, 2016 at the Madison Hotel and Governor's Club. It's a gala you won't want to miss!


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Get hands-on instruction and practice implementing Microsoft Azure in this two-day Microsoft Official Course with Centriq Training. Join us online or in person! This course also provides the prerequisite knowledge for students wishing to attend Course 20532D: Developing Microsoft Azure Solutions, or Course 20533D: Implementing Microsoft Azure Infrastructure Solutions.


text:
CONSTITUTION LAW & REGULATIONS
This Commission and Association on Nobility was established in January 2008 to unite and honor in its membership those persons who represent the contemporary Nobility which remains latent but hidden in the shadows. This Association is based on the ideals of chivalry, nobility, aristocracy and for the Defense of International Nobility. The purpose of the Organization is to unite and prolong the legacy of the old Noble families spreading now all over the world. It was founded by Salvatore Ferdinando Antonio CAPUTO.
Similar to all nobility associations, today, Membership in the Commission (TICAN) is open to all descendants of the nobility, regardless of their nationality, religion or political affiliation, as long as they support the activities of The International Commission and Association on Nobility.
The International Commission and Association on Nobility support heraldic research, genealogy, and a promulgation of historic and cultural values. The Commission has no authority to grant coats of arms, but stands ready to help others with petitions.
The International Commission and Association on Nobility is a nobility and monarchist organization with educational goals and purposes: to give unity to monarchists and nobilities, enabling them to meet and contact other monarchists; to promulgate information about and foster interest in monarchy, monarchies, and royalty; to generally educate the public on these subjects; to advance the political theory, history, and philosophy of monarchy, to further theories of modern monarchy, and to promote and defend the theory of monarchy as a superior governmental form.
NAME AND AUTHORITY
The name of the organization shall be "The International Commission and Association on Nobility" and hereafter shall be referred to TICAN. TICAN is an International Apolitical Body, Ecumenical, Non-profit Organization (NGO) established as an Independent NGO in accordance with the European Convention on the Recognition of Legal Entity of International Non-Governmental Organizations.
The Organization is distinctly Christian in nature. It is ecumenical and shall not impose a specific denominational theology or dogma upon its members. The Organization does not discriminate against any individual on the basis of gender, race, color, nationality or denomination or world view.
The Organization may accept a Protector if this may serve its aims. Such Protector must be Christian. A possible state protection must be associated with the Christian Faith or be religiously neutral. Protection of the Organization is not associated with any power upon the Organization.
The Association will have its headquarters at the residence of the President.
PRESIDENT AND COUNCIL
In case the President resigns his Office, then the Executive Secretary acts as President, and he / she must – in 30 days after the vacancy of the Office of the President – summon up all members of the association in a Special Assembly in order to inform to all members of the association – apart from the honorary ones. All members – apart from the honorary ones – are eligible for the office of the Executive Secretary. The candidate who receives the most votes in the elections becomes the new Executive Secretary. If the first round of elections does not give a new Executive Secretary then the new Executive Secretary is determined by drawing of lottery among the candidates who have gained equal votes.
The President is supported by a Council. The President of the Commission is the sole representative, while operation and representation of the Organization is the responsibility of all members of the Council. The Council by the intermediary of the President may propose amendments to the Constitution, Laws, Statutes and other regulations of the Organization.
The Commission is to inform on the legitimacy and claims of reigning and non-territorial sovereign Royal Houses. The Commission only recognizes those organizations that pertain to the system of each Royal House. Legitimate Order of Chivalry or nobility is persons who have achieved Knightly Rank in a recognized international Chivalry or Religious Order and recognized public Royal Houses. The Commission`s systems and honors neither register no certifies grants, nobility or arms for members.
The following goals have been maintained faithfully as a continuation of the "Royalty and Nobility," through some of the following activities:
To re-establish and promote the social institutions of monarchy and nobility and practice their principles in a world which has largely forgotten them: chivalry, honor, duty, loyalty, respect, enlightenment, tolerance;
The identification, publication and dissemination of genealogical and heraldic articles and resources;
The promulgation of chivalric ideals and awards;
Communication of activities related to Nobility and Heraldry with every known head of Imperial, Royal, and Serene Houses and Monarchist/Nobility Organizations throughout the world;
Support for similar, newly formed, cultural heraldic/nobility organizations in all countries.
To promote the ideals of nobility, royalty and monarchy in modern times, including its illustrious past.
To set criteria for the acceptance of orders that was arbitrary and ignored the different historical development of honors systems in different countries.
COAT OF ARMS ADOPTED BY THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION AND ASSOCIATION ON NOBILITY
The choice of the commission´s symbol is an oval shape surrounded by a proud laurel wreath combine to a striking design that brings out the strength and vitality in the logo. The crown on top of the oval shape represent the legacy of the old Noble families spreading now all over the world while in the center a Knight is based on the ideals of chivalry, nobility, aristocracy and for the Defense of International Nobility.
MOTTO OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION AND ASSOCIATION ON NOBILITY
VIRTUS UNICA NOBILITAS- (Virtue is the only Nobility)
Initiation fees (except invitations) of all members shall be payable when applications are submitted for approval. Each member shall pay annual dues in an amount to be determined by the President. Total dues of all members, together with other income, shall be sufficient to cover insurance and other expenses. All members are personally and equally liable if the assets of the Commission are insufficient to discharge all liabilities/obligations.
The Executive Secretary is asked to check each year the annual chapter listing to verify that all members are paid for the year. This money is used to support the work of the Commission on all levels.
OFFICERS AND GOVERNING BODY
The officers of TICAN shall consist of President, Executive Secretary, Country Directors and Advisers (other officers optional). The duties of the officers are outlined in (list Article/paragraph) of this Private Organization's By-laws.
The Council shall consist of the officers and the President shall preside over all official meetings of the general membership or the Council.
HONORARY ROYAL MEMBERS: Recognized Heads of Royal Houses
This is the case of members of Royal Families or who have reigned in Europe, or Families that are honored with a Princely title, or Heads of Ducal Family Houses.
Eligibility for membership consists not simply of proving legitimate royal descent, but of establishing worthiness of the high distinction this membership confers. It is also required that the candidates shall have attained the majority of age.
These members are exempted from payment of annual membership.
Life Membership – join us and be part of a good cause.
HONORARY MEMBERS:
The Honorary Members of The International Commission and Association on Nobility being of the same kind, group, occupation, society, or locality; having in common certain characteristics or interests
Honorary Members of the Commission are Royal Families, traditional chiefs of a people and or recognized individuals who have attained acknowledged eminence related to monarchy, nobility and Chivalric Orders research, design, or construction. Honorary members share many similarities including the belief to re-establish and promote the social institutions of monarchy and nobility and practice their principles in a world which has largely forgotten them: chivalry, honor, duty, loyalty, respect, enlightenment, tolerance; To promote the ideals of nobility, royalty and monarchy in modern times, including its illustrious past.
All Honorary Members are individuals that advise and support the goals of the Commission & Association on Nobility. Historians, Heralds and Genealogists can also join the Commission.
Honorary Members of the Commission are also recognized individuals who have attained acknowledged eminence related to monarchy, nobility and Chivalric Orders research, design, or construction.
Membership – by invitation only.
NOBILITY MEMBERS:
Membership in the class of nobility is for those holding a title of nobility and or who are members of a legitimate Hereditary Order of Chivalry. Potential prospects considering applying for membership should hold a title of nobility, which is backed by solid evidence. Honorific Order of Chivalry is not a noble title.
A way to be certain of your family heritage is to have your family line researched by a professional genealogist.
Legitimate Order of Chivalry are persons who have achieved Knightly Rank in a recognized international Chivalry or Religious Order and recognized public Royal Houses. See our page "Royal Families. To become noble, it can be done by "letters": that is, by royal grant. The king could always ennoble anyone he wished.
Hereditary titles, in a general sense, are titles of nobility, positions or styles that are hereditary and thus tend or are bound to remain in particular families.
It is important to understand that the results of the investigation whether positive or negative will be not being made public. The information will only be shared with a few key individuals who keep confidential information and private.
Should we find some problems in this investigation process, we will share them with you in the hope of clarifying whatever is ascertained.
At any time during this research, you may withdraw your desire to obtain "Nobility Membership" or change it to "Titular Member" as desired.
The Commission does not certify or recognize any nobility. The category of "Nobility Membership", does not mean we certify nobility or recognize someone as noble but it only signifies that the member enters in this category for having demonstrated the received honor from a fons honorum.
The Commission does not render opinions as to the legitimacy of specific titles of nobility claimed by this or that person. It often occurs that one publisher or fount of honor "recognizes" a certain person's title while another does no.
TITULAR MEMBERS: The Titular Class of the Association, which is the largest of the Organization, is open to worthy individuals who support the ideals of chivalry and nobility. Provided, always, that such candidates are of excellent character and are considered qualified and worthy by the officers of this Commission.
A Curriculum Vitae (Life Resume) is required.
MEMBERS DONORS are considered those who have the requirements for admission and pay an annual fee equal to or exceeding three times the annual fee for Titular members.
PROCEDURE TO REQUEST MEMBERSHIP IN THE COMMISSION AND ASSOCIATION ON NOBILITY:
A - A Letter (or fill the application form) to the Commission requesting admission to one of three classes of membership (Excluding Honorary Members).
B - Complete Curriculum Vitae (CV) of the applicant.
C - Proof of nobility or knighthood for nobility class. (That one is true member of the nobility or a recognized member of a royal family, or that one is a true knight, baron, prince or some other genuine title of nobility or royalty).
D - Coat of Arms of the applicant in except for the titular or donor class member which is voluntarily.
All applications to be sent electronically to: commission-nobility@gmail.com
An electronic signature constitutes a legal and binding application agreement.
Highest-ranking representative to stay in contact with organizations, projects and members worldwide and to have reliable local contact, the President of TICAN appoints personalities in various countries or regions representing the Commission as "Country Director of The International Commission and Association on Nobility". Country Directors may be Members in good standing that are above the age of 21.
The Council of the Commission can create as many Country or Regional Delegates as deemed desirable, both in different states of a country, as in main regions ad cities of those countries which is considered necessary.
10.1 Every organization, whether it is a company, a club or a fraternal order, has expectations of how its members should act among each other and with those outside of the organization. The set of principles that govern these expectations is referred to as a code of conduct. They may me implied or written. Organizations may impose penalties for breaking their codes of conduct.
10.2 TERMINATION: Any Member of Officer who does not comply with the principles set forth by this organization, who disgrace this organization, whose behavior is construed as unbefitting a MEMBER in good standing, or who is slanderous and misrepresents the principles of this organization may be expelled and shall lose all rights granted a member in good standing.
DISSOLUTION OF THE COMPANY
Section 1. If upon the winding up or dissolution of the Company there remains, after the satisfaction of all its debts and liabilities, any property whatsoever, the same shall not be paid or distributed among the Members of the Company, but shall be transferred either to some other institution (whether or not a member of the Company) having objects similar to the objects of the Company, or to some institution (whether or not a member of the Company) the objects of which are the promotion of charity or anything incidental or conducive thereto, such institution or institutions to be determined by the Members of the Company at or before the time of dissolution.
Section 1. Amendments or changes to this constitution may be proposed by the Members of the Council or by any member in good standing who submits a written request to the President, using the exact wording of the proposed change. Notice of the proposed change of the constitution, using the exact wording, shall be given to the members at least ten days in advance of a business meeting called to consider the change. This notice will be drafted as a proxy vote to allow those members who do not desire to, or can not attend the meeting to vote. The amendment, and shall become effective upon approval of the President.
Section 2. Any amendments or changes to this constitution shall be attached hereto.
Given this 15th day of January 2008.
(The International Commission and Association on Nobility - TICAN)
Section 1: It shall be the duty of all officers to ensure the Organization and its members comply with the Statute and all other directives affecting the operation of the Commission. The Council is composed of all the appointed and elected officers of the Organization.
Section 2: The President shall preside at all meetings of the membership and the Council as necessary, appoint the members of each special committee established by the Council, and perform such general functions as may be necessary.
Section 3: Any officer may be removed summarily with or without cause at any time by the President in his absolute discretion shall consider that the best interests of Commission would be served thereby.
Section 4. Gifts. The Board of Directors may accept on behalf of TICAN any contribution, gift, bequest or devise for the general purposes or for any special purposes of the Commission.
Section 5: Compensation. No Member of the Council Board shall receive any compensation for services rendered as Director.
Section 6: An officer may resign his/her office by notifying the President in writing.
President: The president shall preside at all meetings of the Council (or Board of Directors) and members, present at each meeting of the members and the Council a report of the condition of the business of TICAN, cause to be called regular and special meetings of the members and Directors in accordance with these Bylaws, sign and make all contracts and agreements in the name of TICAN, see that association records required by the statutes are properly kept and filed according to law.
Executive Secretary. The Executive Secretary shall assist the President, serve as an advisor for the various committee chairpersons, and assume the duties of the President, and shall, during the absence or inability of the President to render and perform his duties or exercise his powers, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the President.
The Executive Secretary shall keep the minutes of the meetings of the Board of Directors and of the members in appropriate books, give and serve all notices of TICAN, be custodian of the records and of the seal, keep the membership books in the manner prescribed by law, and perform all other duties incident to the office of Executive Secretary.
Duties of a Country Director
While the duties of a country director may vary depending on the country he resides, many country directors perform core duties such as facilitating meetings, voting for other officers, overseeing meeting or association delegates, distributing required information and assisting with meeting planning and preparation. In addition, a country director may be responsible for planning, preparing and overseeing an organization's budgets and other financial documents.
Meeting Preparation. It is often the responsibility of a Country Director to serve as the main meeting resource for the body of local delegates. This might involve copying or overseeing the duplication of required forms and reports and coordinating the distribution of documents to local delegates. The Country Director typically assists in the planning and organizing of association meetings by scheduling meeting dates and times, reviewing proposed agenda items prior to meetings and assigning pre-meeting action items as needed.
Meeting Facilities. Often the Country Director serves as the organizational leader who is responsible for ensuring meetings are run in an orderly and appropriate fashion. A chair makes sure meetings start and end on time and that required business is completed according to the Commission's bylaws and regulations. This duty might involve managing organizational voting, including voting for regional and city delegates, or overseeing other delegates by ensuring they are seated and ready to participate in meetings.
Signed on this 15 day of January 2008 - Revised September 26, 2010


A genuine letter from Senator McCain to US citizen, the friend of Maidan Monitoring Information Center.
Thank you for contacting me regarding Russia's ongoing aggression in Ukraine. I appreciate hearing your concerns on this important issue.
As a beacon for democracy across the globe, the United States must support Ukraine to defend its territory and determine its own political and economic future. It would be a stain on our honor to stand by and do nothing while a sovereign nation in the heart of Europe is torn apart by Russia's imperial ambitions.
Two ceasefire agreements have been negotiated between Russia and Ukraine – the first in September 2014 and the second was signed in February 2015. Russia has utterly failed to abide by either agreement. Even as the February ceasefire was being negotiated, Russian armed forces sent 50 tanks, 40 missile systems and 40 armored vehicles into Ukraine. It is abundantly clear that President Putin's goal is not peace, but further escalation of war.
Unfortunately, President Obama's stubborn refusal to provide weapons and other military assistance to Ukraine has only emboldened Russia. Political and economic sanctions have failed to deter Russian incursions into Ukrainian territory, which continue unabated. A growing number of national security experts and lawmakers on both sides of the aisle now agree that providing defensive lethal assistance to Ukraine is essential to achieving a political solution to the crisis.
In February, I, along with several of my Senate colleagues, wrote to Secretary John Kerry urging him to immediately provide defensive weapons to Ukraine, tighten international sanctions against Russia and consider imposing further penalties such as the removal of Russia from the SWIFT financial system. We also need to highlight the gross human rights abuses that have been committed against Ukrainian civilians, thousands of whom have been killed and wounded, and hundreds of thousands displaced.
This is the gravest security threat that Europe has faced in decades. What is needed now more than ever is American leadership and resolve. Rest assure that I will continue to watch this situation very closely.
Thank you again for contacting me regarding this important issue. Please feel free to contact me on this or any other matters of concern in the future.


text:
Brawn: 'Vettel mistakes can no longer be seen as coincidence'
©WRI
Michael Delaney 23/10/2018 at 14:33 23/10/2018 at 13:50
Formula 1 sporting boss Ross Brawn believes Sebastian Vettel has perhaps lost his way, suggesting his recent string of mishaps was not the product of coincidences.
Vettel's already complicated task of hanging on to his title hopes against rival Lewis Hamilton was rendered even more unsurmountable after two errors last weekend in Austin.
The Ferrari driver was handed a three-spot grid penalty for speeding under the red flag in free practice, and then spun on the opening lap of Sunday's race after a contact with Red Bull's Daniel Ricciardo.
His latest mistakes added to a costly tally that also included a run-in with Valtteri Bottas in France, a blunder at Hockenheim that cost him a sure win and another first lap set-back in Monza when he collided with Hamilton.
Wolff: Vettel on track for 'easy' Austin win without spin
Brawn, who successfully managed several title bids for Ferrari during its golden Schumacher era, casts a critical view on Vettel's campaign which has been marked by too many errors and lost opportunities.
"On Friday there was a small one, when he failed to slow sufficiently for red flags, and he paid the price with a three-place penalty," said Brawn.
"Then, in the race, he yet again collided with a Red Bull, this time Ricciardo's, and once again Vettel came off worst.
"It was another lost opportunity to close the gap in the title fight, especially when we saw what Raikkonen did with the same car.
"I certainly don't want to put Vettel in the dock, but these incidents can no longer be seen as coincidence.
"Rather they would seem to indicate that Sebastian is a bit out of sorts at the moment."
While Brawn is convinced that Vettel's talent remains intact, he suggests that Ferrari must find the way to harness the German's potential.
"Now, any hope of bringing the drivers' title back to Maranello is dwindling and the time has come to do the maths," said Brawn.
"Their most important task is to work out how to help Vettel make the most of his massive talent.
"You don't become a four-time world champion for no reason and Sebastian has definitely not forgotten how to win.
"In a sport as complicated as Formula 1, you only reach your goals if all the pieces of the jigsaw fall into place," he added.
"If just one piece is missing everything is compromised."
Gallery: The beautiful wives and girlfriends of F1 drivers
Ross Brawn Sebastian Vettel
Magnussen and Steiner hit out at F1's fuel flow rules
Bold Marko sees Red Bull and Verstappen as title contenders in 2019
Vettel urges motorsport to become more sustainable
Red Bull still 'most dangerous team' in 2023 – Webber


Beautifully presented in a prime location, this three-bedroom townhouse presents an outstanding position and fantastic amenities.
Spanning two levels and boasting the scale of a house, without the maintenance, this is an ideal purchase opportunity for those seeking their own home or investment property.
Offering ample living space, the townhouse features a designated lounge room and additional open plan living and dining space which extends out to the private and large fully fenced yard, plus large main bedroom with ensuite.
Centrally positioned, the kitchen includes ample bench and storage space, double sink, dishwasher and stainless steel oven.
Upstairs, two bedrooms with carpeted flooring and built-in robes are serviced by the main bathroom.
• Previously rented at $340 week.
This property has it all! Position, Price and Returns.
Call to organise an inspection today.


I am currently attending a Canadian university and going to graduate next Spring. To be honest, I do not exactly know how my childhood shaped who I am today. One thing I can say is probably that I am now free from prejudice and generalizing people unreasonably. It is because of the education I received during my early age, which was really interdisciplinary and 'free'. That is why I do not restrict myself today to unnecessarily narrow my interests down. I do not feel uncomfortable following my guts and pursuing whatever I am interested in. They may not be practical in terms of professions, but I know that they make me active and thrilled with life. There is so much to see and to do out there in the world. I am thankful for this opportunity to be able to do things I like and for being myself today. This free spirit is perhaps what I gained the most from my childhood.


*Special rate applies except on special event weekdays and weekends.
**Graduation, Family Weekend, football weekends and other special events. Minimum 2-night stay on football and Family Weekend.
Copyright © 2019 University Center & Special Events, Texas A&M University. All Rights Reserved.


Even before the 2010 earthquake, Haiti's public health system struggled to meet the growing demand for services by low-income families, and when disaster struck on January 12, 2010, the already-struggling health services around the country sustained extensive damage. Since then, the Ministry of Public Health and Population (MSPP), with support from a range of donors and partners, has been rebuilding to meet its obligation to provide a timely, adequate, and efficient response to the population's need for health services.
One important strand of this recovery effort has involved the development of an updated Package of Essential Services (PES) which defines a set of core health services to be provided for all Haitians. The USAID-funded Leadership, Management, and Governance (LMG) Project, led by Management Sciences for Health (MSH), has provided ongoing technical support to the MSPP's Direction of Health Service Organization (DOSS) as they create the PES. Based on health policy directives and guidelines laid down by the government in 2012, the PES will address conditions and emerging diseases relevant to post-earthquake Haiti and it will enable the MSPP to tailor health services to the needs of the population, ensuring that services are always available and accessible.
To develop the new PES, its accompanying implementation plan, and the MSPP's capacity to implement the PES nationwide; the LMG Project facilitated a participatory workshop with senior staff members from various directorates and other national stakeholders. The PES implementation manual sets out a new paradigm for health care delivery by redesigning the architecture of the primary and secondary levels of Haiti's health system.
This new paradigm encompasses a continuum of care leading from community health centers to health centers to community reference hospitals to district hospitals The PES manual establishes standards, norms, and procedures for providing tailored health care at the primary and secondary levels; defines key providers who deliver essential services; and creates guidance on facility construction.
After the official launch of the updated PES and manual, the LMG Project supported the MSPP to implement it in three health departments (Artibonite, Grande Anse, and Sud). This effort began in late February 2017, with a three-day participatory workshop in Port-au-Prince, for 38 senior MSPP staff from the central directorates and all ten of the country's departments. Dr. Gabriel Thimothé, the MSPP's General Director, symbolically presented each departmental health director with a copy of the PES manual, advising them to read it carefully, to make it their own, and to contribute fully to its implementation in their departments.
At the end of a lively, constructive workshop, more than 1,200 copies of the manual were distributed for use by the ten departmental health directorates in each health facility. Three districts (Port-Salut, Dessalines, and Anse-d'Ainault) from the South, Artibonite, and Grand-Anse departments were selected by MSPP to carry out a pilot implementation using a similarly participatory approaches as was used at the national level, in preparation for full nationwide scale up.


Well hello to you my reader chums and long time no see! It's been nearly two weeks since I've sat down a blog post for you all. With August and summer now coming to a close, it's time to share with you everything I've been enjoying over the past month. Even though I'm quite sad summer is ending, I'm excited for all the cosiness autumn brings from layered clothes, berry lips, hot chocolates and movie nights!
The first product I've been reaching for this month is the gorgeous Sleek blush in 'Rose Gold'. I used to wear this regularly but put it aside and began applying other ones as part of my everyday routine. However, over the past month I've been wearing it again and have fallen back in love with it. As it's quite pigmented, the tiniest bit is needed to achieve a pink flushed, glowy look. The product combines as a blush and highlight with the shimmering elements within. This mixture is the perfect duo and I just love the final glimmering look it gives.
The next favourite is a hair elixr that I've genuinely been obsessing over. As I have quite frizzy hair, maintaining hairstyles can be a tedious task, however this oil has really helped me out. By applying a little bit through the middles and ends before styling, it helps not only frizziness emerging yet leaves a beautiful scent and my hair feeling ultra silky. For those who suffer with frizzy hair, I'd definitely recommend it as I saw a difference straight away.
Another makeup item is this bold orange lip option, Topshop's lipstick in 'Rio Rio'. I featured this in my last makeup tutorial and oh my goodness I love it. The boldness of the orangey-red colour suits my complexion amazingly, I adore the pigmentation and when applied it's not drying on the lips at all. I have a bit of a lipstick addiction so when there's one I find and will wear a lot, I know its a good'n. The lasting power on Topshop's line are fab and their packaging is just super cute; I think their lipsticks are really underrated. If you're looking for that bright red/orange colour that's prominent but not too scary, this is definitely for you.
The final makeup product is one of my recent additions, Maybelline's master sculpt bronzer in the shade 01 light/medium. I picked this up a week or two ago as there was an offer on in Tesco for 2 for £10 on Maybelline products when I was purchasing my usual BB cream. I thought why not try out this new beauty? Bronzers are one of my favourite base products and I love testing out different ones. I know this is quite a new release that I've only heard good things from and therefore was intrigued to give it a go. As it's a warm toned bronzer the undertone is slightly orange, however when applied this doesn't come through at all and you're left with a lovely bronzed glow. It's quite a buildable bronzer which can be used for a quick all over bronze or stronger contour. I love how it comes with a highlighter too and the versatility of the whole product. It's easily blendable, builds well and can achieve whatever look you like with the overall appearance still being pretty natural. The highlighter is quite a muted, natural shade adding that tiny bit of glow above the bronzed cheeks. For the price tag, the quality is lovely and the products itself are so gentle to use.
The last product is a seaweed soap which is another very recent favourite. I'm going to be honest and say I'm one of those people who forget to exfoliate/moisturise my body and would rather ensure I stick to a face skincare routine. Saying that, over the past few weeks I've been loving to use this on my legs and arms to exfoliate, I find it's not too harsh yet rough enough to do the job. After using my skin feels refreshed and is left with a lovely natural fragrance. As it's a soap you can easily apply directly where the prickled edges help with the exfoliating. Now I've got into the habit, I'll definitely be doing this on a more regular basis.
I hope you enjoyed this monthly favourites post. What have you been loving this month?
Omg the Seaweed soap looks so good!
I always forget to exfoliate so when I do, I feel so good afterwards!


text:
ng4 Boilerplate

## Development server

Run `ng serve` for a dev server. Navigate to `http://localhost:4200/`. The app will automatically reload if you change any of the source files.

## Code scaffolding

Run `ng generate component component-name` to generate a new component. You can also use `ng generate directive/pipe/service/class/module`.

## Build

Run `ng build` to build the project. The build artifacts will be stored in the `dist/` directory. Use the `-prod` flag for a production build.

## Running unit tests

Run `ng test` to execute the unit tests via [Karma](https://karma-runner.github.io).

## Running end-to-end tests

Run `ng e2e` to execute the end-to-end tests via [Protractor](http://www.protractortest.org/).
Before running the tests make sure you are serving the app via `ng serve`.


Children are most influenced by their peers during their teenage years.
Children seek to become independent from their parents and immerse themselves in their own social environment during adolescence. In order to increase their autonomy and explore their own individual identities, adolescents also need to question their parents' rules and behaviors, says University of Michigan professor Jacquelynne S. Eccles. As a result of questioning their parents and spending less time with them, adolescents are more susceptible to peer pressure, particularly in the younger years.
They may be pulling away from their parents, but adolescents want to fit in and understand their place in society. Peer groups fulfill the adolescent's need for validity and acceptance and provide space and opportunity for exploration and experimentation. Adolescents actively seek membership in a peer group to help them explore different educational, occupational, political and social roles. Parents might take comfort in knowing that adolescents generally select peers who resemble them and their upbringing, according to Eccles.
If a child is struggling at this stage and identity confusion is stronger than identity formation, she might explore lifestyles that are unhealthy or dangerous. A child who fails to develop properly during this stage rejects social contracts with others and fights conforming to social values, becoming particularly susceptible to negative peer pressure. Children who are pressured by parents to conform to a particular role they don't identify with may also rebel.
Successful progression through the fifth stage isn't free from adolescent rebellion. Challenging parents and teachers is necessary for optimal emotional and cognitive health, as is exploring a range of answers to "who am I?" However, healthy rebellion includes the acceptance of rules, responsibilities and consequences. According to Erikson, successful completion of his fifth stage leads to the virtue of fidelity and the ability to be loyal to people and ideologies, and it is necessary for a positive transition to adulthood.


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Princeton Theological Monograph Series
Religion and the Politics of Peace and Conflict
Edited by Linda Hogan and Dylan Lee Lehrke
The connections between religion and violence are complex and multifaceted. From the conflicts in Middle East and the Balkans to those in Southeast Asia and beyond, religion frames and legitimates political violence. Moreover, in international relations since 9/11, religious language and metaphors have acquired a new significance. In this context the emerging consensus appears to be not only that violence is intrinsic to religion, but also that religions incite, legitimate, and intensify political violence. However, such an unambiguous indictment of religions is incomplete in that it fails both to appreciate significant counter examples and to recognize the diversity that exists within religions on the issue of violence, particularly the religious roots of pacifism and the ethics of non-violence. This collection explores aspects of this ambivalence between religion and violence. It focuses on traditions of legitimation and pacifism within the three monotheistic religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam, and concludes with an examination of this ambivalence as it unfolds in each tradition's engagement with the politics of gender.
Linda Hogan is Professor of Ecumenics at the Irish School of Ecumenics, Trinity College, Dublin.
Dylan Lee Lehrke is a PhD candidate at the Irish School of Ecumenics, Trinity College, Dublin. He also serves as Case Studies Working Group Chief of Staff for the DC-based Project on National Security Reform.
"The essays in this collection suggest that the tasks of ameliorating irrational fears and encouraging the recognition of irreducible interreligious complementarity are tasks that can and should be shared by Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. Moreover these traditions are replete with exemplars, both historical and contemporary, who witness to the possibilities for interreligious dialogue and understanding. For religious persons, undoubtedly, these issues are particularly challenging since they require us to confront the complexities and limitations of our own traditions while also responding to their often-radical demands. Yet in these complexities lie the possibilities for the religions to develop a greater sense of mutual understanding, since it is in these complexities that the commonalities between the religions on the matter of political violence are found."
--from the Introduction


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Andy Murray: 'Nole Djokovic has contract with Australian government', says minister
Media playback is not supported on this device Djokovic celebrates return of form
Australia's mandatory vaccine law is "not to blackmail" Nole Djokovic, according to his Australian Sports Minister.
Djokovic, 30, pulled out of this month's Hopman Cup with an elbow injury, citing a history of this condition.
The US and Canadian tennis federations have announced new rules which require players to have anti-doping controls completed before participation in events.
"We are not blackmailing our sportsmen," Victorian Sports Minister Damian Drum said.
The men's world number four pulled out of the Hopman Cup on 30 November, and says his injury could not be treated effectively in time to reach next month's season-opening Australian Open.
Djokovic's elbow has been in and out of trouble since the end of last year, and he will still participate in the pre-event exhibition tournament in Abu Dhabi next week.
Drum said in an interview with Melbourne radio station 2UE: "We are not giving a black-ball approach.
"We are going to do our duty of care. If we think the players and their management will say: 'Don't give them their anti-doping services,' they will make the right decision.
"It's not blackmail. It's not trying to deprive any player of a [world-class] international competition."
Djokovic has had six documented cases of left elbow pain since retiring during the quarter-finals of the French Open in June, missing Wimbledon and the US Open.
Categories asia Tags politics, vaccination and immunization, video recordings, downloads and streaming
Five dead in Canadian city shooting
New York City corrections officers suspended after failing to get new vaccines
'Shocked' A-levelers pay tribute to victims of US school shooting
16-year-old charged with murder in death of two teens in Michigan
Recall efforts under way in Wisconsin
US lending reaches record high
Chile dinosaur's fossil may be best ancestor to Velociraptor found yet
As Hong Kong quells democracy protests, China's Taiwan gyrates to gung-ho pitch
WHO launches pandemic center


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Sir Ashley Charles Gibbs Ponsonby, 2nd Bt.1
M, #38701, b. 21 February 1921, d. 15 June 2010
Sir Ashley Charles Gibbs Ponsonby, 2nd Bt. was born on 21 February 1921.2 He was the son of Colonel Sir Charles Edward Ponsonby, 1st Bt. and Hon. Winifred Marian Gibbs.2 He married Lady Martha Butler, daughter of James Arthur Norman Butler, 6th Marquess of Ormonde and Jessie Carlos Clarke, on 14 September 1950.2 He died on 15 June 2010 at age 89.3
He was educated at Eton College, Windsor, Berkshire, EnglandG.2 He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, EnglandG.2 He gained the rank of Captain in 1943 in the Coldstream Guards.2 He fought in the Second World War, where he was wounded.2 He was awarded the Military Cross (M.C.) in 1945.2 He was on the Staff of the Bermuda Garrison between 1945 and 1946.2 He was managing director of J. Henry Schroder Wagg.2 He held the office of Deputy Lieutenant (D.L.) of Oxfordshire between 1974 and 1980.2 He succeeded as the 2nd Baronet Ponsonby, of Wootton, co. Oxford [U.K., 1956] in 1976.2 He held the office of Lord-Lieutenant of Oxfordshire between 1980 and 1996.2 He was appointed Knight, Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem (K.St.J.) in 1989.2 He was appointed Knight Commander, Royal Victorian Order (K.C.V.O.) in 1993.2 He lived in 2003 at Grim's Dyke Farm, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, EnglandG.2
Children of Sir Ashley Charles Gibbs Ponsonby, 2nd Bt. and Lady Martha Butler
Sir Charles Ashley Ponsonby, 3rd Bt.+2 b. 10 Jun 1951
Rupert Spencer Ponsonby+2 b. 8 Feb 1953
Luke Arthur Ponsonby+2 b. 15 Jul 1957
John Piers Ponsonby+2 b. 26 Jun 1962
[S37] BP2003 volume 1, page 738. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S37]
Colonel Sir Charles Edward Ponsonby, 1st Bt.1
M, #38702, b. 2 September 1879, d. 1976
Colonel Sir Charles Edward Ponsonby, 1st Bt. was born on 2 September 1879.2 He was the son of Hon. Edwin Charles William Ponsonby and Emily Dora Coope.3 He married Hon. Winifred Marian Gibbs, daughter of Herbert Cokayne Gibbs, 1st Baron Hunsdon of Hunsdon and Anna Maria Durant, on 23 July 1912.1 He died in 1976.2
He was educated at Eton College, Windsor, Berkshire, EnglandG.2 He graduated from Balliol College, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, EnglandG, in 1901 with a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.)2 He fought in the First World War, where he was wounded.2 He was awarded the Croix de Guerre.2 He was awarded the Territorial Decoration (T.D.)2 He was Colonel and Brevet Colonel of the 97th (Kent Yeomanry) Field Brigade, Royal Artillery between 1930 and 1936.2 He held the office of Deputy Lieutenant (D.L.) of Oxfordshire in 1944.2 He was created 1st Baronet Ponsonby, of Wootton, co. Oxford [U.K.] on 27 January 1956.1
Children of Colonel Sir Charles Edward Ponsonby, 1st Bt. and Hon. Winifred Marian Gibbs
Priscilla Dora Ponsonby+3 b. 1913, d. 19 Mar 2000
Diana Mary Ponsonby+3 b. 1916, d. 25 Mar 2006
Lavinia Rosalind Ponsonby+2 b. 1919, d. 21 Feb 2005
Sir Ashley Charles Gibbs Ponsonby, 2nd Bt.+2 b. 21 Feb 1921, d. 15 Jun 2010
Juliet Barbara Anna Ponsonby+4 b. 1923, d. 21 Nov 2019
[S8] BP1999 volume 1, page 55. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S8]
Hon. Winifred Marian Gibbs1
F, #38703, b. 1887, d. 1984
Last Edited=21 May 2022
Hon. Winifred Marian Gibbs was born in 1887.2 She was the daughter of Herbert Cokayne Gibbs, 1st Baron Hunsdon of Hunsdon and Anna Maria Durant.1 She married Colonel Sir Charles Edward Ponsonby, 1st Bt., son of Hon. Edwin Charles William Ponsonby and Emily Dora Coope, on 23 July 1912.1 She died in 1984.3
Her married name became Ponsonby. She held the office of Justice of the Peace (J.P.)1
Children of Hon. Winifred Marian Gibbs and Colonel Sir Charles Edward Ponsonby, 1st Bt.
Charles de Lorraine-Harcourt-Armagnac
Charles de Lorraine-Harcourt-Armagnac was born in 1684. He was the son of Louis I, Duc de Lorraine-Harcourt-Armagnac and Catherine de Neufville de Villeroy. He married Françoise Adelaide de Noailles in 1717. He and Françoise Adelaide de Noailles were divorced between 1721 and 1725. He died in 1751.
Françoise Adelaide de Noailles
Françoise Adelaide de Noailles was born in 1704. She married Charles de Lorraine-Harcourt-Armagnac, son of Louis I, Duc de Lorraine-Harcourt-Armagnac and Catherine de Neufville de Villeroy, in 1717. She and Charles de Lorraine-Harcourt-Armagnac were divorced between 1721 and 1725. She died in 1776.
Rene Bezert1
M, #38706
Rene Bezert lived at Marseilles, FranceG.1
Child of Rene Bezert
Joelle Bezert+1
[S8] BP1999 volume 1, page 126. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S8]
Sophie Armella Francoise Chenevix Trench1
F, #38707, b. 14 July 1982
Sophie Armella Francoise Chenevix Trench was born on 14 July 1982.1,2 She is the daughter of Ivo Richard Chenevix Trench and Joelle Bezert.1
[S1497] Georgia Chenevix Trench, "re: Trench Family," e-mail message to Darryl Roger Lundy, 16 October 2005. Hereinafter cited as "re: Trench Family."
Angus Chenevix Trench1
M, #38708, b. 7 November 1960
Angus Chenevix Trench was born on 7 November 1960.1 He is the son of Reginald Allan Chenevix Trench and Sophie Sybella Strathern Evill.1 He married Julie Humphries.
Children of Angus Chenevix Trench and Julie Humphries
India Chenevix Trench2 b. 24 Jul 1992
Alexandra Chenevix Trench2 b. 19 Mar 1997
Major Sir Arthur Lindsay Grant of Monymush and Cullen, 11th Bt.1
M, #38709, b. 8 September 1911, d. 18 July 1944
Major Sir Arthur Lindsay Grant of Monymush and Cullen, 11th Bt. was born on 8 September 1911.2 He was the son of Colonel Sir Arthur Grant of Monymusk, 10th Bt. and Evelyn Alice Lindsay Wood.2 He married Priscilla Jean Fortescue Thomson, Baroness Tweedsmuir of Belhelvie, daughter of Brigadier Alan Fortescue Thomson and Edythe Mary Unwin, on 14 May 1934.2 He died on 18 July 1944 at age 32 at Normandy, FranceG, killed in action.
He succeeded as the 11th Baronet Grant, of Monymusk and Cullen, Buchan [N.S., 1705] on 21 June 1931.2 He held the office of Justice of the Peace (J.P.) for Aberdeenshire.2 He gained the rank of Major in the Grenadier Guards.2 He fought in the Second World War, where he was mentioned in despatches posthumously (1945.)2
Children of Major Sir Arthur Lindsay Grant of Monymush and Cullen, 11th Bt. and Priscilla Jean Fortescue Thomson, Baroness Tweedsmuir of Belhelvie
Joanna Catherine Grant+2 b. 13 Feb 1935
Margaret Anne Grant+2 b. 22 Mar 1937
Katherine Chenevix Trench1
Katherine Chenevix Trench was born on 12 December 1964.1 She is the daughter of Reginald Allan Chenevix Trench and Sophie Sybella Strathern Evill.1


text:
How A Baby Ended The Wars of the Roses
Our latest installment in the Wars of the Roses looks at the marriage of Richard Plantagenet and Anne Neville – among many other intrigues in the Wars of the Roses. This article follows our introduction to the Wars of the Roses available here and our article on Edward III's descendants and the causes of the Wars of the Roses available here. Later were the battles of the war from 1455-1464, the Kingmaker, and Prince George's treachery. Most recently were part 1 and part 2 of a love story.
Historians always warn us that we should never imagine the story of Richard Plantagenet and Anne Neville to be one of romance and true love. But it is hard not to. The two had known each other since infancy and had grown together under the tutelage of the Earl of Warwick at Middleham Castle. War and the choices of the Kingmaker forced these friends onto opposite sides after a life time of watching their fathers fight side-by-side. Anne's marriage to the Lancastrian heir, Prince Edward, had only been a few months long and had resulted in no children. After the battle of Tewkesbury, Anne was left a fifteen-year-old widow so her sister's husband, Prince George, took her in.
Richard Plantagenet (Richard III) and Anne Neville from the Rous Roll
But George was anything but charitable. Anne was heiress to all the lands and castles in the north of England. A wonderful, rich fortune she shared with her sister. Since George had half these lands through marriage, he forcefully took the other half by keeping Anne as a prisoner in everything but name. This made George the wealthiest land owner in England. But history tells us that Anne didn't take this lying down. According to legend, she dressed as a kitchen maid and escaped to the London home of one of George's friends, where she continued to work in the kitchen while plotting her next move. That move would turn out to be Prince Richard Plantagenet.
The 18-year-old Duke of Gloucester had spent weeks looking for her, making a nuisance of himself in the household belonging to his brother, George. When Richard finally found our heiress, it is said that he spirited her away to a sanctuary in order to protect her from George. Legend tells us that he made it perfectly clear to Anne that his chivalrous rescue had no ulterior motives, and he wanted nothing from her. On May 14, 1472, she married him. The couple had a happy marriage lasting thirteen blissful years that gave them one son named Edward. Unlike the princes who came before and after him, Richard had no interest in London and the royal court. Richard's heart belonged to his wife, his son and the northlands. Living mostly in Middleham castle, just as they had done as children, the couple rarely made it to London, rarely took up the mantle of royalty. Instead, they spent their days riding, commanding their farms and just generally enjoying one another's company.
Unfortunately, life was to take one serious turn with the death of King Edward IV. Elizabeth Woodville was an enemy of Richard and an enemy of England. The Prince could not allow the unpopular Queen to crown her underage son and rule through him. Accompanied by 200 mourners, Richard kissed his wife and child good-bye and set out to London. Edward IV had made Richard the protector of the new King, but Elizabeth had sent her brother and 2,000 soldiers to fetch him before Richard could get anywhere near him. Unfortunately for Elizabeth, her brother marched his army directly into Richard's mourners. The new young King changed guardians and entered London with his uncle and protector. Richard delivered the young King Edward V right to the Tower of London and left him there with his servants. This may sound sinister yet it was anything but. The Tower of London was the home of England's royalty as well as a prison and even a zoo. As with all monarchs who had come before Edward V, he had been housed in the tower awaiting his coronation.
This is where history leaves us wondering. Richard, who had up until this point been unbelievably loyal to his brother, now suddenly steals the throne from his nephew and crowns himself King. What had happened to bring this about? Critics of Richard say he was simply showing his true colors by usurping a child. Richard's supporters claim that he was pushed by his wife to take the crown, just as her father - the Kingmaker - would have done. Or that maybe Richard simply saw a chance to be King and took it. I, personally, think it is a bit more complex than that. Richard was loyal to his brother, and his brother had once been loyal to England. Then Elizabeth Woodville showed up. Was Richard, who would have still been in mourning, simply honoring his brother's original plan? If Edward V had been King, the Woodvilles would have ruled and who knew what they would have done to the country. But if Richard ruled, he could undo all the damage the hated family had done and get England back on track. Was Richard - who hated court, hated London, hated royal life - putting his feelings and freedoms aside to become King and save England? Once again, history's lips are sealed.
Before George had been executed, he had started a rumor about Edward IV being pre-contracted to another woman, meaning Elizabeth was not his true wife and making their children illegitimate. Richard dragged this rumor from the grave, used it as evidence and had all of Elizabeth's children illegitimated. Richard was now heir to the throne. He was crowned Richard III on July 6 1483. Unlike Shakespeare tried to tell us, Richard was a much loved prince - if anything he was the people's favorite prince - and London celebrated their new King and Queen with joyous excitement. After nearly thirty years of civil war, no one wanted a child King. But the idea of a decorated war hero leading the country was one they could get on board with.
So Richard toured his kingdom, with his beautiful and beloved Queen. They were joined by their son, the Prince of Wales, when his health allowed a trip with his parents. And they were happy.
If only Henry Tudor had stayed in France.
By M.L King, a history enthusiast and part-time blogger. You can connect with her on Facebook here.
The final installment in the Wars of the Roses series is available by clicking here.
Do you want to try your hand at some history writing? If so, click here for more information and then get in touch!
British History by Miles Kelly
Measly Middle Ages by Terry Derry
www.english-heritage.org.uk
www.battlefieldstrust.com
www.learningsite.co.uk
CategoriesBlog Post, Civil War
TagsWars of the Roses, Richard III, Richard Plantagenet, Anne Neville, Prince George
A Love Story during The Wars of the Roses? – Part 2
We follow-up last week's post and look at a deadly love story involving George, Elizabeth, Edward and Richard. This article follows our introduction to the Wars of the Roses available here and our article on Edward III's descendants and the causes of the Wars of the Roses available here. Later were the battles of the war from 1455-1464 and the Kingmaker. The most recent article was on Prince George's treachery.
George's fate was finally sealed by the Queen.
18 February 1478 saw the legal execution of a Prince of the realm. This was the first for the Plantagenets who preferred to send their enemies to France (or murder them in the night). Thanks to Shakespeare we now think George was drowned in a barrel of wine as punishment for challenging Queen Elizabeth. On general principle, most historians disagree with anything Shakespeare said, but could there be some truth to this story? Royals in the tower were known to bath in the barrels. Could an executioner have come up behind the Duke mid-bath and drowned him? History tells us nothing.
Anthony Woodville, Earl Rivers and William Caxton present the first printed book in English to King Edward IV of England
Richard had seen first-hand what happened to men who tangled with the Queen, so perhaps that was why he spent the remainder of his life distrusting Elizabeth and working to protect himself and England from her.
By the time Elizabeth had given Edward ten children, his mistresses had given him five. That we know of. There were probably many, many more. Edward never let his marriage vows stop him from filling his bed with the pretty maids at court. And there was no end to pretty maids. There was an end to Elizabeth's youth though. By the time she was middle-aged, something new was happening in England. A new mistress named Elizabeth Shore saw Edward more than the Queen did and the King's favorite brother, Richard, had won a battle against the Scots making him the most popular man at court. So popular in fact, that Edward seemed to be ignoring Elizabeth and only listening to Richard. Was Elizabeth finally losing control of her husband?
And then Edward died in April 1483.
The official story is that Edward died of either pneumonia or typhoid, although this has been frequently brought into question. Edward had in no way taken care of his health. He had more than let himself go in the peaceful years of his reign. But he was merely unhealthy, not sickly. For him to suddenly take ill and die within days and for his physicians to be utterly clueless as to what was wrong is highly suspicious. Despite what Hollywood would have us believe, the medical professionals of the past weren't as utterly useless as they are portrayed. Pneumonia and typhoid were known illnesses. Had Edward had one of those, his physicians would have said so. Heart attacks and strokes were also a known affliction. If Edward had had one of those, his physicians would have said so. The fact that his medical records state that he died of a mysterious illness suggests that something was quite wrong. Was he poisoned? And if so, by whom?
We know that Elizabeth is famous for her "quick action" after her husband's death. This quick action being the arrangements of an army of 2,000 men escorting her son back to London. The sweet, newly widowed Queen should have been in mourning, not organizing an army. How sweet of her to sacrifice. Although one needs to wonder why she was organizing an army to bring the Prince to London. What was she fearing? And how did she rustle up 2,000 soldiers in a matter of days? And why then did she run into hiding when Richard and 200 mourners began their journey south? Could it be that the soldiers were arranged before the King's death because the King's death was actually planned? Did the Prince need an army to escort him because Elizabeth feared that the English would rise up against this Prince who would now be King but controlled by the highly unpopular Woodvilles? Did she go into hiding because she feared Richard? Why did she fear Richard? Plantagenet women, even unpopular ones, were never harmed. The worst that would have happened to Elizabeth had she been caught was exile. But people often don't see things as they truly are. Did Elizabeth run because she assumed that Richard would have killed her, as she would have killed him if roles were reversed? History refuses to tell us what happened to Edward or why Elizabeth ran when Richard posed no obvious threat - we can only speculate and assume.
Officially Edward died of pneumonia or typhoid, but the circumstances are suspicious. Elizabeth's actions are suspicious. Did the Queen finally lose control of the King and so poisoned him? Did she plan to rule through her son? He was only 12; he needed a protector to rule until he was 16. Edward ordered Richard to be this protector. Why not his wife and her brother? Did he know something we didn't?
As ever, there are few answers, but many questions. All we know is that 1483 was one frantic year.
Click here to read the next in the series - how a baby ended The Wars of the Roses.
www.thewarsoftheroses.com
www.britannica.com
CategoriesCivil War, Blog Post
TagsWars of the Roses, Prince George, King Edward IV, Prince Richard, Elizabeth Woodville