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How Does COVID-19 Affect Children?
Medically Reviewed by Pediatrics
Updated November 2021
Some respiratory illnesses, such as the seasonal flu, put children at risk of serious health complications.
COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has spread worldwide. It has caused hundreds of millions of illnesses and millions of deaths.
Children can get sick from COVID-19 and spread the virus. But they appear to be at a lower risk of severe illness, hospitalization, and death.
How Many Kids Are Getting COVID-19?
A September 2021 report by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Children's Hospital Association examined COVID-19 cases in the United States
According to the report, nearly 5.9 million children had been infected with COVID-19 —about 16.2% of total reported U.S. cases.
However, the number and rate of COVID-19 cases among children have steadily increased throughout the pandemic. Potential causes for that include less vaccine availability for children, as well as the resumption of in-person schooling and other activities.
Data show the rates of hospitalization and death are much lower for children compared to adults.
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What Are the Symptoms of COVID-19 in Children?
Common symptoms of COVID-19 in children include:
Cough.
Muscle pain or weakness.
Nasal congestion.
New loss of taste or smell.
Sore throat.
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.
Abdominal pain.
Poor appetite or poor feeding.
According to the CDC, fever and cough are the most common COVID-19 symptoms for children. However, many children may have milder symptoms than adults or show no symptoms at all.
COVID-19 symptoms in children are also similar to other illnesses like colds and the flu, which could make diagnosis difficult.
Serious COVID-19 Illness in Children
Like adults, children can get severely ill from COVID-19. They can be hospitalized and die from the disease. However, this happens at a lower rate than adults.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), some children may be more at risk from COVID-19 than others. Children more at risk include infants (under 1 year old) and children with underlying medical conditions like heart disease, chronic lung disease (such as asthma), diabetes, and more.
If a child is showing symptoms such as fever, cough, and difficulty breathing, please contact a health care provider immediately.
If a child is showing cold symptoms or had exposure to someone suspected to have COVID-19, it's best for them not to be around higher-risk people, such as older adults, people with underlying medical conditions, or unvaccinated people.
COVID-19 also can lead to more serious health complications like pneumonia.
Some children have developed a complication from COVID-19 known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). This condition can cause inflammation in the heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, skin, eyes, gastrointestinal organs, and other parts of the body. MIS-C can be serious and even deadly, but most children recover after treatment.
COVID-19Coping With Coronavirus: How to Manage COVID-19 Anxiety
COVID-19Does COVID-19 Affect Pregnant Women?
COVID-19How to Talk to Kids About COVID-19
COVID-19Do Facemasks Prevent Disease? New Guidelines on Facemasks in Public
Can Children Get the COVID-19 Vaccine?
Children ages 5 and older are eligible to receive the COVID-19 vaccine developed by Pfizer-BioNTech.
The vaccine is safe and effective against COVID-19. It is especially effective in preventing severe illness, hospitalization, and death.
The Pfizer vaccine is not currently authorized for children younger than age 5. COVID-19 vaccines developed by Moderna and Johnson & Johnson/Janssen (J&J) are currently only authorized for people 18 and older. However, that could change in the future.
Receiving the COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy is safe for the fetus, protects the mother from severe COVID during pregnancy, and provides some protection to the infant at birth and through breastfeeding.
Preventing COVID-19 in Children
The COVID-19 vaccine is crucial in preventing children from getting COVID-19. However, there are other important prevention methods — especially if your child is not yet eligible for the vaccine.
COVID-19 prevention methods include:
Facemasks. Children ages 2 and older who are not fully vaccinated should wear a facemask that covers their nose and mouth when in indoor public places. The CDC also recommends that children wear facemasks in school, even if they are fully vaccinated. Facemasks are also recommended for children who are immunocompromised or who live in areas of high COVID-19 circulation, even if they are fully vaccinated. Note: Children who are under 2 years old should not wear a facemask due to risk of suffocation.
Physical distancing. Avoid close contact (6 feet or closer) with people who are not from your household when in indoor public places.
Wash your hands. Use soap and water and scrub for at least 20 seconds. It's especially important before eating, after using the bathroom, and after coughing, sneezing, or blowing your nose. If soap and water are unavailable, use a hand sanitizer that's at least 60% alcohol. Bonus: You can teach your kids the "ABCs"— humming the "ABCs" can help you get those 20 seconds of scrubbing.
Avoid people who are sick. Avoid close contact (6 feet or closer) with people showing symptoms like coughing and sneezing.
Clean heavily touched surfaces. Sanitize areas like tables, countertops, doorknobs, phones, toys, and more. As appropriate, put washable plush toys through the laundry and follow care instructions.
Use a tissue when coughing, sneezing, or blowing your nose. Throw the tissue away and wash your hands after using it.
Children's Mental Health During COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic is an uncertain time, and it may cause children to feel anxious or fearful. Because of that, it's important to take note of your children's mental health. Talk to them about COVID-19, explain the situation, and offer reassurance. Encourage them to wear a mask and follow other prevention guidelines. Don't be afraid to seek professional help if you sense your child is struggling.
Children and Influenza (Flu) . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Frequently Asked Questions and Answers: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) and Children . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Zunyou Wu, MD, PhD; Jennifer M. McGoogan, PhD. Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China . Journal of the American Medical Association.
About Pediatrics
From nutrition to illnesses, from athletics to school, children will face many challenges growing up. Parents often will make important health care decisions for them. We hope to help guide both of you in that journey. UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh ranks consistently on U.S. News & World Report's Best Children's Hospitals Honor Roll. UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital is a longtime national leader for women and their newborns. We aim to provide the best care for your children, from birth to adulthood and beyond.


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The typical landscape of the Carso region in the municipality of Buie finds its way into the coast of the Kanegra beach resort, which features a typically low Mediterranean bush and a splendid forest adorning a beautiful pebble beach. The resort has a disco bar, a supermarket and a post office.
In the sport centre the guests are welcome to play tennis, table and mini golf, or rent mountain bikes.
There is a variety of water sports on offer: kayaking, paddle boats, windsurfing, motor boats, water scooters, competitive fishing and the possibility of berthing your own boat.
Part of the beach is reserved for nudism, in a secluded area near the coast.
To access the beach quickly and avoid the traffic, the hotel offers its guests the use if its golf car, as well as providing a transfer service, to be charged separately.'
TOURISM FLOWER 2015 - The Casino Hotel Mulino is the winner of the official 'Tourism Flower – Quality for Croatia' award as the best WELLNESS HOTEL in Croatia in 2015.
In 2009 the Hotel was designated as the best theme hotel.
MULINO THINK ABOUT THE FUTURE
Socially resposable and environmentlly aware.
By using of energie from renevable source contributes to reducing CO2 emissions and protect the environment.
*ELEN – ELECTRIC VEHICLES CHARGING STATION
Events in Istria
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Nonviolent Communication group, in Seoul – Wake Up and Laugh!
I just thought I'd share this with those of you in the Seoul area, there is a Nonviolent Communication (NVC) practice group in Seoul.
A big part of NVC is actually learning to listen, to understand the other's needs as much as learning to express your own.


Katelyn McClure, Mark D'Amico, and Johnny Bobbitt have all been charged with theft by deception in what originally was a feel-good story about people helping a homeless man after his good deed and was actually a well thought out scam.
Apparently, no one told the trio that cooked up the infamous scam that brought in over $400,000 in donations via the crowdfunding website GoFundMe.com that "loose lips sink ships"!
"The entire campaign was predicated on a lie," said Coffina. The couple and the homeless man are all under arrest.
Thursday afternoon, officials in Burlington County announced charges against Mark D'Amico, Katelyn McClure, and Johnny Bobbitt. All three are facing second-degree theft by deception and conspiracy to commit theft by deception.
It all began in November 2017, when 28-year-old Kate McClure claimed that 35-year-old Johnny Bobbitt Jr. helped her out by using his last $20 to buy gas after she became stranded along I-95 in Philadelphia.
D'Amico, 39, took a photo of McClure, 28, and Bobbitt, 35 on the I-95 off-ramp and they used it on the GoFundMe page started a year ago as they claimed Bobbitt had used his last $20 to get gas for McClure when she was stranded.
Claiming they wanted to "pay it forward," McClure and her boyfriend, 39-year-old Mark D'Amico, launched a GoFundMe campaign with the goal of raising $10,000 to help Bobbitt get back on his feet.
They went on a media blitz to promote the campaign, and it ultimately raised about $400,000.
However, Coffina said, investigators learned McClure texted a friend less than an hour after the campaign went live saying the story was "completely made up." She did not run out of gas, Coffina said, and Bobbitt did not spend $20 to help her.
In fact, the couple from Florence Township, Katelyn McClure and Mark D'Amico, met Johnny Bobbitt about a month before they cooked up the plan. The couple frequented the Sugarhouse Casino in Philadelphia and Bobbitt panhandled nearby, Coffina said at a press conference in the Burlington County Administrative Building Thursday.
The net proceeds were $360,000 after fees, which went into an account controlled by McClure. Bobbitt received $75,000, said Coffina.
But the three con artists began to bicker about the distribution and lavish spending of the money, each feeling cheated by the others.
Bobbitt – a Marine Corp veteran – wanted his fair share and sued the couple back in August, but by then the money was long gone.
In fact, Coffina said, the vast majority of the money was "squandered" by mid-March. McClure and D'Amico bought a car, took trips, bought high-end handbags and hit the casinos.
D'Amico and McClure had previously denied any wrongdoing or misuse of the funds, even as their recent purchase of a used BMW and lavish vacations were called into question in a courtroom.
Investigators reviewed text messages between the couple, and Coffina said there were thousands of messages about their financial woes, inability to pay bills, and mounting debts.
Ten days later, they debated selling the BMW because they were tight on cash, and McClure admonished D'Amico for gambling and told him he needed to work, the court filing said.
In May, they used the car as collateral to get a high-interest loan for $10,085 in McClure's name.
However, D'Amico allegedly told McClure that the money from a pending book deal would "dwarf" the money generated by the GoFundMe campaign.
But out of public view, the three were messaging each other about how to not get caught in the lie. The couple brainstormed ways to get Bobbitt out of Philadelphia.
Bobbitt sued for the remainder of the cash in the end of August, but his attorneys soon discovered there was no money left. At the time, GoFundMe promised Bobbitt would get the cash he was owed, but was unable to provide updates on its distribution when asked several times over the past two months when he would see the cash.
"Twenty-thousand BMW. Five-thousand Disney. Ten-thousand in bags. We both went to Vegas, right? Huh? how much did you spend in Cali.? Twenty-five hundred? Probably broke even on that one getting 3,700? So just right there is $40,000," he said.
In September, officers raided the couples' home, seizing the BMW, financial statements, along with jewelry and cash.
All three have been charged with Theft by Deception (second-degree,) and Conspiracy to Commit Theft by Deception (second-degree).
D'Amico and McClure, both of Florence Township, New Jersey, surrendered on Wednesday night. They were processed and released.
Bobbitt, of the Kensington section of Philadelphia, was charged on Wednesday and is awaiting extradition.
All three suspects face 5-10 years behind bars.
Coffina said GoFundMe has cooperated with the investigation and will be refunding all of the donations.
If (Bobbitt) hadn't made the accusation and later filed suit against them, the group might not have ever been found out, Coffina said.


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Greason: Mayfield's actions won't prevent him from winning the Heisman
Elizabeth Greason | Monday, November 20, 2017
Nothing too crazy happened in the world of college football this weekend. At least in terms of results.
But Twitter, ESPN and a wide variety of fans did explode not once but twice during a game that probably would have otherwise gone unnoticed: Oklahoma–Kansas. The 10-1 Sooners were fully expected to blow out a one-win Kansas team.
However, what was unexpected was the behavior of Sooners redshirt-senior and Heisman frontrunner Baker Mayfield. Maybe it shouldn't have been that unexpected. Mayfield has established a pattern of problematic actions this season, but Saturday's were arguably the worst yet.
At the coin toss, Kansas' captains refused to shake Mayfield's hand. Mayfield laughed it off.
But, late in the third quarter, with Oklahoma up 27-3, Mayfield ran along the sideline grabbing his crotch while yelling some choice expletives at the Kansas sideline.
Classy, Baker.
Mayfield apologized for his actions after the game during media availability and via a tweet, but it was too late. The world had already gone wild, discussing whether this would affect or even end Mayfield's Heisman chances.
Well, I'm here to tell you it won't.
Sure, the criteria for the Heisman Trophy winner are as follows: "The Heisman Memorial Trophy annually recognizes the outstanding college football player whose performance best exhibits the pursuit of excellence with integrity. The winners of the trophy epitomize great ability combined with diligence, perseverance and hard work."
Arguably, Mayfield has proven he does not live up to the "integrity" portion of that Heisman mission statement, especially since Saturday was not an isolated incident.
During Oklahoma's Week 2 win over Ohio State in Columbus, Ohio, Mayfield planted the Sooners' flag at midfield after the game, angering many.
And then, before the Sooners' Week 4 matchup with Baylor, Mayfield got chippy with Baylor players pre-game, saying "You forgot who daddy is. I'm gonna have to spank you today." Not necessarily wrong, in the world of trash-talking, but certainly weird and questionable.
But, Johnny Manziel won a Heisman after being arrested for disorderly conduct at Texas A&M. That didn't deter many Heisman voters.
Or worse, Jameis Winston won a Heisman. After being accused of rape. And theft. And skipping out on a hearing with the school.
Winston and Manziel's Trophy wins prove, more than anything, that the majority of Heisman voters care a whole lot more about on-the-field performance than they do about off-the-field antics and distractions.
Baker Mayfield has accumulated 3,816 yards passing so far this season and is averaging nearly 350 yards per game through the air. He currently totes an efficiency rating of nearly 200, at 199.3. He has a 70.8 completion percentage.
There is no denying the guy is good. The question is whether or not Mayfield has the moral character to be a Heisman winner. And while I wish I could say Mayfield is out of the Heisman race after yesterday's performance, he simply isn't. His statistics are too good. He's another Manziel or Winston — and he hasn't done anything on the level of an alleged rape — in the sense that his performances will stick in the minds of voters much longer than his flag-planting and crotch-grabbing.
So, Baker, the Heisman is yours to lose. But I certainly hope you can pull your act together and represent the Trophy a little better, if it does end up in your hands.
Tags: Baker Mayfield, Jameis Winston, Johnny Manziel, Oklahoma University, Sports Authority
About Elizabeth Greason
Elizabeth is a senior studying civil engineering from New York, NY (yes, the actual city). She is a proud resident assistant in McGlinn Hall and is a die-hard Mets and Giants fan. She is currently serving as assistant managing editor of The Observer and she also has an obsession with golf that is bordering on unhealthy.
Klonsinski: Stay away from infamous Jameis
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Berry: NCAA transfer rules need to be reevaluated
Edmonds: Mayfield may be the chosen one in Cleveland


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Q: How can i get feature names after everything in pipeline before model is applied? I have the following steps for my pipeline:
model = XGBClassifier(objective='binary:logistic',eval_metric='logloss')
numeric_transformer = Pipeline(steps=[('imputer',SimpleImputer(missing_values=np.nan,strategy='constant', fill_value=0))])
sel  = SelectKBest(k='all',score_func=chi2)
preprocessor = ColumnTransformer(transformers=[('num', numeric_transformer, numeric_cols)])
pipe = Pipeline(steps=[('preprocessor', preprocessor),('var',VarianceThreshold(threshold = 0)),('sel',sel),('clf', model)])

How can i get the feature names after preprocessor/variance/and selectkbest method is applied? i use the below which is basically nesting the steps into eachother
cols_after_var = X_train.columns[pipe['var'].get_support()]
mask_sel = pipe['sel'].get_support(indices=True)
final_faeture_cols = cols_after_var[mask_sel]

I use the above which i think works.. but is there an easier way?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Published by Global Competition Review, The Handbook of Competition Economics is an invaluable tool for competition practitioners, including major law firms, professional competition economists, corporate finance/M&A firms and national competition authority personnel. It deals with key issues that antitrust/competition economists are tackling today and provides up-to-date information on the economic resources of national competition authorities across the globe. Following the very successful launch of the 2012 Handbook in Bergen, Norway, PMCA's Managing Director, Dr. Pat McCloughan, contributed the chapter on recent competition developments in Ireland, including commenting on the ongoing competitiveness agenda following the arrival of the IMF in Ireland last year. Electronic versions of the Irish entry (including a downloaded pdf) can be found here (an extract of the 2012 Handbook with kind permission from GCR).


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By Alex Hudson
In the last couple of weeks, the music world has been experiencing a horrible sense of déjà vu due to the horrific venue fire in Bucharest. That incident is sadly reminiscent of a 2003 tragedy in which a Rhode Island gig from hard rockers Great White resulted in a fire that killed 100. Now, Great White frontman Jack Russell has said that he's making a documentary film about the sad event.
The gig took place at the Station nightclub in West Warwick, RI. Much like the recent Goodbye to Gravity show in Romania, the blaze was started when pyrotechnics lit the foam inside of the club on fire. Guitarist Ty Longley was among the dead. The band payed a $1 million settlement to survivors and the families of the victims, while their tour manager and the nightclub owners faced criminal charges.
Russell told Portland's 105.9 The Brew [via the Associated Press], "It's not like I had anything personally to do. It was just a horrible accident. There was a lot of weird things that had to come into play to make that happen."
Regarding his lingering sense of guilt, he said, "Why did I get to live and so many other people didn't? I feel guilty for people coming to see me play and losing their lives. It's really hard to deal with it."
He added that the documentary will "get me some peace."
Evidently many people personally affected by the fire don't want Russell to make the documentary. Jody King, whose brother died in the blaze, said, "If he wants to help, stay away, shut your mouth."
Others have refused to participate in the film. There's no indication as to when or how it will be released.
Meanwhile, the death toll following the recent fire in Bucharest is currently 55, while more people remain in critical condition. Four of the five members of Goodbye to Gravity have died.
More Great White
Kitchener's Slam Fest Gears Up for 2019 Edition
Slam Fest will be hitting Kitchener this weekend, marking the festival's second year. In 2019, the headliners for outdoor event are Queen...


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Manchester United sign Brazilian star Fred in £52m deal from Shakhtar Donetsk
Manchester United has completed the signing of Brazilian star Fred in a £52million deal from Shakhtar Donetsk.
The 25-year-old was unveiled on Thursday afternoon after he signed a five-year deal at Old Trafford with the option to extend it by a further year.
Reacting to the latest addition to his squad, United boss Jose Mourinho praised the deal by saying his 'creative brain and passing vision' were the primary reasons behind his signing.
'Fred will complement our other midfielders' qualities, which we need; his creative brain and passing vision will give us another dimension to our game,' he told the club's official website.
'I am very happy he is joining our club and I believe our players know how important he can be in our team.'
On signing for Manchester United, Fred said: 'This is the biggest club in the world and I am delighted to be a part of this amazing team.
He's now the second signing for Manchester United this summer after the arrival of Portuguese full-back Diogo Dalot's earlier this month.


Dr Aleta Gong wrote in Latest News .
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Dr Aleta Gong wrote in Family, Latest News, Ocular Conditions, Refractive Errors, Vision Therapy .


Vicky's career began working on award-winning blue chip science and history documentaries. Her credits now span over thirty hours of programming, broadcast worldwide.
1 hour special. Behind the scenes of the Royal Wedding. TX worldwide.
Brand new, 12 part, multi-camera presenter led paranormal series.
Two episodes of drama doc series exploring the rise and fall of the Third Reich told from the point of view of those who made it happen – the movers and shakers of the most evil regime in history.
Two episodes of presenter led crime docu-drama series digging deep into the depths of a killer's mind and bringing life to some of America's most chilling and heart-wrenching homicide cases. Recreation shot in Cape Town, South Africa.
Crime docu-drama series exploring homicide cases solved by surveillance footage.
Narrated by Brian Cox. The story of the Scottish born philanthropist and his mission to stop the First World War. An 'Official Selection' for the Edinburgh Film festival and winner of 'Best Feature Doc' at the Pittsburgh International Film Festival.
South American stories. IVs with leading scientists, archive and drama recreation exploring the world's most intriguing UFO sightings to answer the age-old question – are we alone?
Fast turnaround docu exploring extreme weather in UK, and Welsh reversion for S4C with a presenter.
Observational series following the staff and patients at the Royal Manchester Children's hospital over the festive season.
Docu looking at the secrets locked within The Tower of London using drama recreation, archive, and actuality with experts and present day inhabitants of the tower.
Germany/Italy stories. Observational factual series looking at sub-cultures.
Presenter led factual entertainment show looking at the horsemeat scandal in the UK.
Fast turnaround docu exploring the Russian Meteor shower.
Docu exploring the extraordinary stories behind the setting for the hit drama "Downton Abbey" using recreation, archive, IVs and actuality with the present day Lord and Lady Carnarvon. Rated exceptionally high.
10 x 50 min obs doc series with strong emotive IVs, actuality and featuring medical procedures.
Weather docu series using testimony and UCG.
Fast turnaround docu about the 2015 Nepal earthquake.
Science/obs doc series exploring Ecstasy, Cannabis and Cocaine.
Drama documentary charting chain of events leading to the demise of Titanic. Won a 'CINE Golden Eagle Award', a 'Silver World Medal 2010' from New York Festivals International Television & Film Awards and was nominated as 'Best Drama documentary' at Grierson Trust.
Feature length factual drama about the Hindenburg airship disaster of 1937. Emmy Winner: Outstanding individual achievement in a craft: lighting direction and scenic design.
Feature length drama doc marking the 20-year anniversary of the space shuttle disaster.


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Category: Bihari
PM Modi fulfilled Vallabhai Patel, Atal Behari Vajpayee's dream: Goa CM Pramod Sawant
Source: newindianexpress.com
PANAJI: Efforts made by Deendayal Upadhyay, Vallabhbhai Patel, Atal Behari Vajyapee to fulfil the "Ek vidhan, Ek nishan, Ek pradhan" – one country, one constitution, one flag, one head – slogan have now come to fruition during Prime Minister Narendra Modi's reign, Chief Minister Pramod Sawant said on Thursday.
"There should be no issue in saying that the attempts of Deendayal Upadhyay, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Atal Bihari Vajyapee to fulfil 'ek vidhan, ek nishan and ek pradhan' have now been fulfilled," Sawant said.
The slogan of "Ek desh, ek Vidhan, ek nishan and ek pradhan" – one country, one constitution, one flag, one head – was coined by the BJP ideologue Dr Shyama Prasad Mukherjee who died in 1953 in a Kashmir jail.
"In this country, if we have ever had 'ek vidhan, ek nishan and ek pradhan', it is on August 5, 2019, we have never had this privilege," Sawant also said, while congratulating Modi for the abrogation of Article 370 and 35A.
"Since 2014, we have a Prime Minister who has given us a better present, and a future in the form of Narendra Modi. The country has achieved its rightful place in the world under his leadership. As a result of this, we have seen that he was once again elected with a full majority," he said.
"And to pay back that faith, he has abrogated Article 370 and 35A, and for the first time India has received complete Independence. Kashmir has been fully integrated with India now. With the passing of the Triple Talak Bill, he has fulfilled and ensured that everyone has their rights," Sawant also said.
Author meraapnabiharPosted on August 16, 2019 Categories BihariTags Atal Behari Vajyapee, Deendayal Upadhyay, Narendra Modi, Pramod Sawant, Vallabhbhai Patel
No compromise on corruption, communalism: Bihar CM Nitish Kumar on Independence Day
Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar on Thursday asserted that there would be no compromise on "crime, corruption and communalism" under his rule, which has been characterized by "nyay ke saath vikas" (development with justice) and "sampradayik sauhardra" (communal harmony).
In his hour-long address at Gandhi Maidan here on the occasion of Independence Day, Kumar said a new system of policing was being introduced in the state for effective maintenance of law and order.
"We are never going to compromise on crime, corruption and communalism. 'Nyay ke saath vikas and sampradayik sauhardra' have been and will always remain our priority.
"From today, we have introduced a new system of policing wherein maintenance of law and order and investigation shall stand separated so that personnel engaged in either are not distracted by other demands of duty," Kumar said after unfurling the tricolour.
The chief minister also inspected the tableaux depicting the various schemes launched and the measures taken during his 14-year-long rule in the state.
"Our crackdown on corruption will continue. Bribery, amassing of wealth disproportionate to assets and through misuse of public office will be severely dealt with. None of those who are involved in earning money through illegal and immoral means will be spared," the chief minister said.
Kumar pointed out that a Public Service Grievances Redressal Act is in place which guarantees resolution of complaints in a transparent manner and a mechanism has been devised for deciding service-related issues of government servants in a time-bound manner.
"People must be made aware that ill-gotten wealth may bring momentary pleasure, but its long-term impact is perilous. We must always keep in mind the words of Mahatma Gandhi that we must consume only as much as we need, giving up greed in any form," he maintained.
Recalling that he had ordered a complete ban on sale and consumption of alcohol three years ago, in line with the demand of women in the state, Kumar said it had evoked enthusiasm, with people forming a massive human chain on the theme of prohibition, though "many who think it is their right to drink, seem to be unhappy over this move."
People must realize that consumption of alcohol cannot be a matter of rights, he asserted.
"I would also like to draw the attention of youth towards a report of World Health Organization which has done a study on the ill effects of consuming liquor," he added.
The CM also spoke at length about the measures taken by his government to improve education scenario in the state, including the proposed launch of "Unnayan Bihar" programme next month which aims to emulate across the state a successful e-learning experiment carried out in Banka district.
He said that his government was committed to providing people with better health care facilities and that the expansion and upgrading of premier hospitals at Patna, Muzaffarpur and Gaya have been approved.
Kumar mentioned that his government was taking steps to boost agriculture, including the setting up of a separate power feeder for farmers.
He lamented that the effects of climate change are being felt in Bihar, where there has been a decline in average rainfall over the years, while untimely showers have caused flash floods.
"We are doing our bit to reverse the damage. Our Jal-Jeevan-Hariyali drive, launched recently, is a step in this direction", he added.
The CM, after attending the Independence Day ceremony, visited the Rajdhani Vatika adventure park in the city where he tied a thread around a tree in presence of cabinet colleagues, including his deputy Sushil Kumar Modi.
The state government is observing the festival of "Rakshabandhan", which falls on this date, as "Vriksh Suraksha Diwas" (Day for protection of trees).
Author meraapnabiharPosted on August 16, 2019 Categories BihariTags Bihar, CM, communalism, corruption, Independence Day, Nitish Kumar, Rakshabandhan, Vriksh Suraksha Diwas
Eid-el-Kabir: Buhari urges Muslims to avoid violent extremism
Source: pulse.ng
The President said extremism is giving Islam a wrong name.
He said this on Saturday, August 10, 2019, while felicitating with muslims.
He said, "Islam is a religion of peace and we should avoid violent extremist ideas that give Islam a wrong name because our conduct leaves more lasting impressions than what we say by word of mouth.
"Violent extremism is the greatest challenge facing Islam today and the only way we can neutralise its evil influence is to distance ourselves from the activities and teachings of those who preach indiscriminate violence against innocent people. This flies in the face of the teachings of Islam."
In a statement by his Senior Special Assistant on Media and Publicity, Mr Garba Shehu, Buhari also advised parents to "protect their children from the deadly exposure to violent extremists who manipulate and exploit those children for their own evil agenda.''
He also said that the extreme idea of Boko Haram became a major force because Muslim societies failed to act on time to stop the style of preaching by extremists.
He said, "Boko Haram became a deadly force and a major security scourge because Muslim societies were indifferent from the beginning to the activities of extremist preachers who manipulate innocent and gullible followers."
He, however, assured Nigerians that his administration was working hard to bring an end to Boko Haram terrorism, kidnappings and banditry.
Author meraapnabiharPosted on August 12, 2019 Categories BihariTags avoid violent, Eid-el-Kabir, extremism, Muslims, president
Crimes against women on the rise in Bihar, MLA says incidents can't be brought to zero
Source: zeenews.india.com
Recent weeks have seen a spurt in the rate of crimes against women in the state of Bihar which has put the glaring spotlight on the police and political machinery here. While opposition parties have upped the pressure on the government, BJP MLA Arun Sinha said that such crimes can be reduced but cannot be eliminated completely.
The political uproar in Bihar comes in the backdrop of rise in crimes against women with three incidents in the recent past adding fuel to fire. In a state where the crime graph has been steadily on the rise, incidents against women too have been reported. In one incident, three men allegedly raped a minor girl and then tried to kill her in Chapra. While cops arrested two of the accused, the third managed to flee. The minor is in a critical condition at PMCH Hospital.
In a separate incident, the body of a 16-year-old girl was recovered in a mutilated condition in Nalanda's Baellor village. Cops say that the head was beaten with bricks in an attempt to conceal the identity of the victim who may have been raped before she was killed.
In the third gruesome incident. a minor girl was kept inside a hotel room for four days and repeatedly raped in Muffasil district of the state.
These three incidents, in particular, have inflamed political tensions with Congress spokesperson Rajesh Rathore saying that girls and women are not safe under the government of CM Nitish Kumar and Sushil Modi. "There are Nirbhaya-like incidents happening in Bihar everyday and the government is silent," he said. RJD's Mrityunjay Tiwari also echoed similar thoughts and said that the message of good governance is false.
In the government's defence, JDU's Rajeev Ranjan admitted that the recent crimes against women have been shocking. BJP's Sinha, however, courted controversy while mounting a counter. "Such crimes can be brought down but cannot be eliminated completely," he said. Sinha also appealed to people to come out and report such crimes.
There have been 605 rape cases which have been reported in Bihar between January and May of 2019. The maximum number of these have been in Patna – 41.
In 2018, 1475 cases of rape were reported across Bihar while 1195 cases in 2017 and 1008 cases were reported in 2016.
Author meraapnabiharPosted on August 12, 2019 Categories BihariTags Bihar, BJP, Congress, Nitish Kumar, rape, RJDJDU
All speeches of Lok Sabha since 1952 to be archived: Speaker Om Birla
Source: millenniumpost.in
New Delhi: In a historic move, Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla initiated a process of archiving the speeches of all Lok Sabha members and ministers since 1952. When asked, the Speaker told the Millennium Post exclusively that the availability of the video footage and the audio discs were the main concern now.
However, this work is also time-consuming. The presiding officer of the Lower House (Lok Sabha Speaker) confirmed that the entire process would take three months.
Earlier only Prime Ministers' speeches were archived. This move will create a real political history of our country. Reportedly nearly 500 MPs have passed away in the last fifteen years, 25 of them belonged to India's first Lok Sabha.
In the earlier days, there used to be translators in the Parliament and they used to transcribe the speeches and publish in the Parliament proceedings. In those days there used to be only the audio recordings available and used to be preserved in the disc. Later on, Doordarshan was entrusted with the job of recording the both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha proceedings.
Much later, the Lok Sabha TV and Rajya Sabha TV were launched. In 2006, DD Lok Sabha was replaced by LSTV, a 24-hour TV channel broadcasting in Hindi and English, which is owned and operated entirely by the Lower House itself. Former Lok Sabha Speaker and Left stalwart Somnath Chatterjee who launched it. Later in 2011, the Rajya Sabha TV started the coverage of the proceedings of the Upper House.
The archive will help in understanding the historic discussions on the floor of the Houses. Hence, once this archiving takes place, the entire political history since 1952 will be readily available to the common people. The audio and video recordings will further remove the confusion about what stand or the position different political leaders from different political parties have taken on different issues in our political history, whether the negotiations that took place between the treasury and opposition to build consensus on GST, right to education, land acquisition, or the recent insolvency and bankruptcy laws, triple talaq, rescinding of Article 370 from Jammu and Kashmir and others.
However, the government has not communicated any official version yet. Earlier, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced a museum dedicated to all former Prime Ministers. The deadline to complete the 'Museum on Prime Ministers of India' is March 2020.
Sources said the iconic speeches, delivered by the former External Affairs Minister and an eloquent speaker of Bharatiya Janata Party, Sushma Swaraj, who passed away on Tuesday, is on the priority. The recent years saw the demise of several Indian political stalwarts. On August 13 in the last year, former Lok Sabha Speaker and Left veteran Somnath Chatterjee and three days later, on August 16, former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee passed away, who had served Parliament, both in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha twelve times.
This year, George Fernandez, the defence minister during the Kargil War and nine times MP in Lok Sabha, passed away in January. After that, the demise of Ram Chandra Paswan in the last month and Sheila Dikshit, the former Delhi chief minister and former LS MP from Kannauj passed away in the last week.
Author meraapnabiharPosted on August 9, 2019 Categories BihariTags Doordarshan, Lok Sabha, Om Birla, political history, Prime Ministers, Speaker
Ambala recalls Sushma Swaraj's childhood days
Source: financialexpress.com
In the Ambala Cantonment neighbourhood where Sushma Swaraj grew up, old-timers remember her with fondness. Right from her childhood, she was fond of taking part in debates and contests in school, those who lived close to the family home in Cantonment's BC Bazaar area recalled. "From Class 6, she had shown an inclination towards politics and later she realised what she had aimed for," Shyam Bihari, an elderly man who lives in the same neighbourhood, told reporters after the news of the BJP leader's death on Tuesday night came in.
"She was very affectionate, caring and ever ready to help. To render help to any genuine person who was in need, she did not care even if he was a supporter of a rival political party," he said. Another man, now in his 60s, recalled that Swaraj used to fetch milk for her family in the morning, around the time he and his friends played cricket in the neighbourhood. At times, the cricket ball hit would hit the pail, spilling the milk.
"But Sushmaji never got angry at us and always used to tell us to continue playing," he said. Swaraj went to the SD College in Ambala Cantonment and later pursued a law course at the Panjab University in Chandigarh. Her brother Gulshan currently stays with his family at the same Ambala house. Gauri, a domestic help at the house, was inconsolable on learning about the former external affairs minister's death. "She was very nice. She had come here a few months ago. When she learnt that I had two daughters, she told me to give them a good education and offered any help that might be needed from her side to ensure that they got the best facilities," she said.
"We used to call Sushmaji 'buaji'. I am deeply saddened at her death. At the same time, I am also proud of the fact that she rose to such heights in her life and became a role model for millions," she said. Dinesh Aggarwal, another Ambala Cantonment resident, recalled how Swaraj once rushed to the door late in the evening to meet him at her Delhi home. "When I reached her Delhi residence, her aides told me madam would not meet anyone as she had just returned from a busy day in Parliament. However, when she learnt that Vicky, which is my nickname, had come from Ambala to meet her, she rushed out to meet me," he said. "We talked for nearly 20 minutes."
People from other parts of the state also expressed grief. "I still cannot believe that she is not amongst us. Her death is a big loss to the nation," Hisar resident Lokesh Kumar said. Haryana Health Minister Anil Vij, who represents the Ambala Cantonment Assembly constituency, described Swaraj as a leader with rare qualities and said he was deeply saddened by her death. He recalled that Swaraj was elected as an MLA for the first time at a young age of 25, and later went on to become Haryana's education minister.
"In 1977, it so happened that the ticket was first given to Som Prakash Chopra, who was jailed during Emergency. But for some reasons, when he did not enter the fray, the ticket was given to Sushmaji, who won, and the Janata Party government was formed," Vij said. In 1990, Swaraj moved to the Rajya Sabha. Vij has been representing the Ambala Cantonment constituency since then.
The minister told PTI that Swaraj was raised by her maternal grandparents after the death of her mother. The veteran Bharatiya Janata Party leader died Tuesday night following a massive cardiac arrest. She was 67. Swaraj was a member of the Haryana legislative assembly from 1977-82 and 1987-90.
Chief Minister Manohar Lal Khattar mourned her death."It is a personal loss for me," said in a tweet. "Her contributions to Haryana and India will never be forgotten. My deepest condolences to her bereaved family members. May God give her eternal peace," he said. Former Haryana chief minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda too described her death a "personal loss". "She was a person with rare qualities, ever ready to help others," he said.
Author meraapnabiharPosted on August 8, 2019 Categories BihariTags Ambala, BJP leader, childhood, death, Shyam Bihari, Sushma Swaraj
Kashmiri Pandits hail amendment of Article 370
Source: thehindu.com
Kashmiri Pandits, displaced from the Valley in the 1990s, on Monday hailed the scrapping of Article 370 of the Constitution as a "historic event" and hoped it would pave the way for return to their homeland with honour and dignity.
Global Kashmiri Pandit Diaspora (GKPD), a body representing the community across the world, said the decision cements territorial, political and cultural unity of the Indian Union.
"August 5, 2019 will go down in the history of the country as a day that has put the lasting seal on the sovereignty of Parliament over the entire Indian Union," it said in a statement.
"The draft bill presented by Home Minister Amit Shah in Parliament vindicates the ideals of our great leaders like Syama Prasad Mukherjee, Deendayal Upadhyaya, Atal Bihari Vajpayee and others who dedicated or sacrificed their lives for the integrity and sovereignty of India," the GKPD said.
This is for the first time that the exiled community has heaved a sigh of relief that its identity, culture and symbols of heritage will find full protection and perpetuation under the Union territory dispensation, the statement said.
"With the abolition of Article 370, the Government of India will be able to bring Jammu and Kashmir nearer to the rest of the nation," said Manoj Bhan, president of the Jammu and Kashmir Vichaar Manch.
The Kashmiri Pandit community hopes that the Modi government will chalk out a road map of their return to the Valley soon, he said.
"We want a separate settlement in the Valley where all Kashmiri Pandits, who borne the brunt of forced exodus, can live together," Mr. Bhan said.
August 5 will go down as Kashmir Liberation Day. Liberation from dynastic rule, liberation from corruption, liberation from an unjust State. Liberation for every part of this diverse State. Liberation for all," K.N. Pandita said.
Author meraapnabiharPosted on August 6, 2019 Categories BihariTags amendment, Article 370, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, GKPD, historic event, Jammu and Kashmir, Kashmiri Pandits
Militant, Soldier, Bihari Labourer Killed In Shopian
Source: kashmirobserver.ne
SRINAGAR — A militant of Jaish-e-Mohammad outfit and an army soldier beside a Bihari labouerr were killed in a gunfight at Ittoo Mohalla Pandushan area of South Kashmir's Shopian on Friday afternoon.
Official sources said that body was recovered from the site of the encounter late today evening. The body was taken to DPL where the slain has been identified as Zeenat-Ul-Islam of Memander.
After conducting all necessary formalities, the body of the slain was handed over to his legal heirs for last rites, they said.
Earlier, an army man was also killed during the encounter, they said, adding that an army man has suffered injuries.
The injured soldier was immediately taken to army hospital for treatment, they said.
A police officer also confirmed the killing of a militant and a soldier during the operation so far.
He said that the operation is still going on in the area. According to the officer one more militant is still hiding in the area.
According to reports, one body is still lying near the encounter site and it is believed to be that of a non-local man namely Mujeeb, a resident of Bihar who was working as a labourer in the area. However, there was no official confirmation in this regard so far.
Earlier in the day, youth took to streets and pelted stones on forces near the encounter site. The police and paramilitary CRPF deployed in the area used tear smoke shells and pellets to disperse them.
In forces action, one youth namely Sahil Ahmad of Chogalpora Shopian sustained pellet injury in his left eye.
Sahil was immediately taken to district hospital Kulgam for treatment where from he was referred to SMHS Srinagar for specialized treatment.
On Thursday evening, the encounter broke out at Ittoo Mohalla Pandoshan village after a joint team of army's 34 RR, SOG and CRPF launched a cordon and search operation.
Author meraapnabiharPosted on August 3, 2019 Categories BihariTags army, Bihari Labourer, gunfight, killed, Shopian
Is Nitish Kumar looking for another home?
Source: nationalheraldindia.com
Unlike the first eight years of his government, the second anniversary of the homecoming of Bihar chief minister Nitish Kumar on July 27 to the National Democratic Alliance was a virtual non-event.
There was no celebration, no release of Report Card to the mediapersons to highlight the achievements of the state government and no grand party organised on this occasion and no doling out of million of rupees as advertisements to newspapers and other media houses.
Instead, the chief minister chaired a six-hour long review meeting on natural disaster as 13 districts are reeling under flood and 20 in the grip of drought. Nitish's second innings with the Bharatiya Janata Party is very much different from the previous one––that is between November 24, 2005 and June 16, 2013.
He is seldom heard boasting of big achievements of his government. Even during the campaigning for the Lok Sabha election earlier this year, the Bihar chief minister would be heard highlighting the achievements of the Narendra Modi-led NDA government at the Centre.
This is a significant departure from the past. Nitish would then use anniversaries of coming to power, frequent 'yatras' and occasion like Bihar Diwas on March 22 to market his government's achievements.
No such exercise is undertaken now. There is no talk of Bihari sub-nationalism or 'asmita' (pride). Even the demand of special category status to Bihar is seldom raised.
Nitish tried to flex some muscle recently after the demand of more than one berth to the Janata Dal United in the Union cabinet was not accepted by the Prime Minister.
As if that was not enough, some hardliners within the BJP led by Union minister Giriraj Singh started demanding the snapping of ties with the Janata Dal United. They are hopeful that the BJP can win the next year's Assembly election alone.
There is no dearth of people in political circles who are of the view that Nitish is looking for another 'home' after his famous ''ghar wapsi' exactly two years back.
The Rashtriya Janata Dal has opened its door for him, albeit partially.
While other constituents of Grand Alliance like Congress and Jitan Ram Manjhi's Hindustani Awam Morcha may have no problem in aligning with Nitish once again. But that may not be the case with the Rashtriya Lok Samata Party, whose leader Upendra Kushwaha, never sees eye to eye with Nitish.
Incidentally the RLSP is the only party which has taken to streets on several occasions after the May 23 debacle to highlight the failure of the Nitish Kumar government, be it over the deaths of hundreds of children due to acute encephalitis syndrome, heat wave, floods, plight of farmers or deplorable condition of education in the state. In the first week of July the party even undertook a march from Muzaffarpur to Patna.
Thus two months after the Lok Sabha election and two years after Nitish's 'homecoming', the politics in Bihar continues to remain fluid. Nitish is still wondering as to whether he would go to poll next year on his own agenda or that of Narendra Modi.
However, a day after the second anniversary, Nitish managed to get a prize catch in the form of former Union minister Ali Ashraf Fatmi who on July 28 crossed over from RJD to Janata Dal United. Another good thing for the Bihar CM is that the main opposition party, the RJD is in dormant state and the leader of opposition in the state Assembly Tejashwi Prasad Yadav stayed away from the entire Monsoon Session of the House.
Author meraapnabiharPosted on July 30, 2019 July 30, 2019 Categories BihariTags BJP
Producer of incendiary song, "Jo na bole jai shree Ram," claims its writer is a "patriot"
Source: caravanmagazine.in
These are the opening lyrics to a new song uploaded on YouTube on 23 July, on a channel called "Varun Bahar official." The three-minute-long song, titled, "Those who will not chant victory to lord Ram, send them to the graveyard," is by a Bhojpuri singer, Varun Bahar Upadhyay. The video features Bahar dressed in an all-saffron outfit, sporting rudraksh beads—seeds that are used as prayer beads, usually by followers of the Hindu god Shiva—against a fixed backdrop splashed with images of the Hindu god Ram. The video switches between Bahar singing, images of young men carrying swords and threatening bystanders, and groups of saffron-clad boys and girls dancing. An unidentified graveyard—the cemetery is dotted with Christian crosses—makes an appearance every time Bahar sings the chorus, accompanied by some fist-pumping for added effect. The hashtags accompanying the song are equally unimaginative: "#saffron#terrorist#varun." The description has a single line in Hindi which translates as "after singing this song, the media has declared Varun Bahar as a saffron terrorist." A casual search on Google did not reveal any such media reports.
The song has, however, been shared widely on social media, drawing sharp reactions, and scathing criticism for inciting lynching and mob violence against minorities. The unequivocal exhortations in the song's lyrics are undeniable. Bahar's YouTube channel, which had 549 subscribers as of 6 pm on 24 July, has been online since 2013, but the oldest video is from just a year ago. The channel is an absurd mix of devotional songs, Bhojpuri love songs, videos proclaiming and seeking support for the prime minister Narendra Modi and content that can only politely be termed titillating.
Bahar's mobile phone has been switched off since the morning of 24 July, following the furore on social media, and I could not get in touch with Santosh Singh Yadu, the writer of the song and a co-curator of the channel. Rajesh Verma, who runs a YouTube channel called Janta Musical And Pictures, produced and directed the video. Verma told me that the video was originally uploaded on his channel "two or three days ago, but we removed it from Janta music because it became controversial." He said that some "Pakistani channels and local channels" contacted him and told him that "it's wrong to say 'send them to the grave,' and so we took it down."
Verma denied that the lyrics were inflammatory and said that "the singer did not take names" of any religion. He argued that "both Hindus and Muslims use graves." When I pointed out that Hindus are cremated and so the song targets minority communities who bury their dead, Verma claimed that "only married Hindus are cremated, unmarried and single Hindus are buried." He appeared to have forgotten that the Bharatiya Janata Party patriarch, Atal Bihari Vajpayee—an avowed bachelor—was cremated with full state honours. "I am not anti-Muslim," Verma told me, when I pushed him to explain the anti-minority lyrics of the video. "I visit dargahs every Thursday and do pranam whenever I go past a mosque."
Verma's Janta Musical channel has released 598 videos as of 24 June. One song is titled, "'If you don't like saffron, get out of India" and boasts of 5.5 million views. Another is called "Every Hindu's call: Temple first, government only after that," and has 252,000 views. All the songs feature violent imagery of men dressed in saffron, carrying swords and other similar tropes of majoritarian assertion. The channel also contains several videos supporting Modi and the BJP.
"Bahar and Yadu came to me with the idea of the song," Verma said. He added that Bahar hails from a village called Mankapur, "near Ayodhya." He noted that he had heard the song before uploading it but justified the offensive lyrics and its call to violence. "Some people are saying we won't let the Ram temple be built," Verma told me. "We are devotees of Ram, so we have made a song in praise of Ram."
Verma was puzzled by the objection to providing a platform to the song: "If it was a matter of hurting anyone, why would we upload it?" When I asked him who the video was addressed to, he blithely responded, "The writer of the song is a deshpremi"—a patriot—"and he may have had the stone-pelters in Kashmir in mind while writing the song." Verma also denied any connection to a political party or group and said he was an "independent music producer." Janta Musical has a Twitter account, which tweeted on 23 July, "We apologise for the rumours spread due to the song of one singer. It was not the intention of Janta Music to hurt the religious feelings of any group."
While Verma claimed that he removed the video soon after uploading it, the song was available on the "Varun Bahar official" channel till around 6 pm on 24 July. It has now been removed but is still being shared widely on other social-media platforms. The singer and writer, though unavailable, seem to have no regrets about the song or its content. Just hours before the video was removed, at around 3 pm on 24 July, Bahar and Yadu posted this statement, from their official account, in the comments section:
Author meraapnabiharPosted on July 26, 2019 Categories BihariTags Bharatiya Janata Party, BJP, claims, incendiary, Jo na bole jai shree Ram, modi, patriot, Producer, song, writer


This year's Christmas Fair and Show took place on Thursday 10 December 2015.
The Fair opened at 5.00 pm in the decorated Atrium and was well supported by parents and friends. Sixth Form pupils had set up their stalls selling an array of unique items for sale, festive food and fun games to play. As part of their Business course, Sixth Form pupils take part in a 'Young Enterprise' project which harnesses their personal and business skills. The pupils take on the role of a small business, sharing the real-life challenges of a small company. The Fair gives them the opportunity to display and sell their products. In recent years, some of the companies have gone on to win awards.
At 7.00 pm the Concert began in the Main Hall. As always this was a very enjoyable evening and we hope that everyone who attended left feeling really festive and full of the spirit of Christmas. Family and friends of the Academy came together to listen to the pupils and staff performing traditional Christmas music, as well as other musical arrangements from the orchestra accompanied by individual pupils and groups of pupils singing. There were some fantastic performances and the event provided a superb and relaxing evening's entertainment.
A special thanks to everyone who helped organise the event and to our talented pupils for taking part!


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A Primer in Chinese Buddhist Writings
These are materials I have compiled for students and scholars to learn to read Buddhist texts in Chinese. This is very much a work in progress; suggestions for improvement are welcome.
NEW: Alex Amies has prepared a web-based version for volumes 1 and 2. Unlike the version below, which is a simple PDF for download, this version allows you to hover over characters to see their definitions from the glossary. (The latest version of Volume 1 is the PDF version; I need to update the following):
http://www.primerbuddhism.org/
NEWER: Jeff Jongeward has built a Pleco dictionary for volumes 1, 2 and 3. This can be downloaded here. (You will have to have purchased the flashcard add-on to install a user dictionary in Pleco).
NEWEST: Audio recordings for Volume 1 are now available.
Introductory Texts
The first volume does not assume any knowledge of Chinese, but may be of use to even advanced readers of classical Chinese unfamiliar with Buddhist texts. The second volume builds on the first, continuing to focus on texts originating in India. The third volume introduces texts composed in China.
Volume 1: Foundations
English Translation Key for Volume 1
Volume 2: The Indian Tradition
Volume 3: Buddhist Texts Composed in China
Note: The vocabulary for Volume 1 can be found in Quizlet.com (search for "Primer in Chinese Buddhist Writings") which allows the user to learn vocabulary with digital flashcards. (Thanks to Bhikkhu Dhamma-dāsa for his help with this).
Audio recordings, kindly provided by Ch.C. are available for download here.
For Volume 3, flashcards are available through "Anki." To use these, you can download the Anki program to your device here (http://ankisrs.net/). Once you have done that, download the file for the Volume 3 vocabulary here. (Thanks to Simon Wiles for setting this up).
Mahāyāna: Texts, Annotations, Translations
Esoteric: Texts, Translations
Epigraphy: Texts, Annotations, Translations
Review of Lock and Linebarger, Chinese Buddhist Texts: An Introductory Reader.
Luke Clossey and Vlad Vintila, "Interpreting Foreign Language Learning into a History Classroom," The History Teacher, Vol.52, No.2 (February 2019), pp.333-335.
John Lee and Tak-sum Wong, "Conversational Network in the Chinese Buddhist Canon," Open Linguistics (2016) 2, pp.427-436.
— John Kieschnick
john.kieschnick@stanford.edu


As the 1980s came to a close, Fortune Magazine named Dallas/Fort Worth site of many major corporate relocations -- the No. 1 business center in the land. Dallas also gained international attention as a dominant force in the convention, meetings and tourism industry. Dallas is one of the leading convention destinations in the U.S., due to the city's outstanding convention and meeting facilities, world-class accommodations, numerous restaurants, and endless variety of entertainment and recreational opportunities.
Important to this effort was the rejuvenation of downtown Dallas as a major center for entertainment and other pursuits. The Dallas Arts District, the West End Historic District along with continued renovation and upgrading of downtown hotels, has been a driving force in this renaissance.
As the 21st century dawns, Dallas continues to build on its strengths: friendly people, entrepreneurial spirit, flair for style and innovation, mild climate, excellent accessibility, and outstanding quality of life. Visitors and residents alike enjoy exceptional opportunities.


text:
FREELAND Crab & Seafood
Modified Menu /Weekly Specials
Modified Menu & Weekly Special's
Modified Hours:
Monday & Tuesday ...Closed
Wed, Thurs, Fri 3-8pm
Sat... 3-8 pm
Sunday.... 2-6 pm
We have decided to modify our
Menu & Hours during this time until further notice.
1/20/21 thru 1/24/21
Appetizer of the week:
*Shrimp & Bacon Garlic Bread......(4)...$8.95
French Bread topped w/ Shrimp
, Garlic butter, Bacon & Cheddar cheese. Baked
*The Eagan Dinner.............................$16.95
Fresh Atlantic wild caught Salmon,
topped w/ a Sweet & Spicy Brown
sugar glaze & Crab meat. Baked.
Served w/ Broccoli & Caesar salad.
*Hot Turkey Club................................$8.95
Kaiser roll piled high w/ Turkey, Bacon,
Cole slaw & topped w /provolone cheese.
Served w/ hand cut fries.
* Meatloaf Dinner............................$9.95
Homemade Meatloaf, Mashed potatoes
w/ gravy & green beans.
* Buttermilk Shrimp Platter.........$8.95
20 Buttermilk Shrimp fried golden brown
Served w/ Hand cut fries & Cole slaw.
Modified Menu
Appetizer Menu
*Fries: Sm:$2.50 Lg: $4
*Bacon Cheese Fries: $5
*Clam Strips $6
*Crab Dip Pretzel:$9
*Mozzarella Sticks: $4.50
*Onions Rings :$3.50
*Fried Shrimp:$6 (5 per order)
*Deviled Eggs $1 2-halves per pack
* Fried Oysters $9.95
*Maryland Crab Soup : 1/2pt $3.50 Pint $6 *Cream Of Crab Soup: 1/2pt $4 Pint $7
All Served w/ Fries & Cole Slaw
*Single Crab Cake Platter.........$15.50
*Double Crab Cake Platter.......$24.95
*Stuffed Flounder.....................$15.50
Flounder stuffed w/ crab cake
Served w/ a Bag of Chips
*Cheese Burger................$5.50
*Bacon Cheese Burger....$5.75
* Crabby Patty .................$13.50
Our Burger topped w/ a crab cake
*Mushroom & Swiss Burger $6.95
*10............$9.00
*20............$17.00
*30 ...........$26.00
3 Tenders ..............$4.75
6............$4.00
12..........$6.50
*Cheese Pizza..........$10.50
*Pepperoni ..............$ 11.50
Subs/ Wraps
*Provolone Cheese Steak $7.00
*Chicken Cheese Steak $7.00
*Hillbilly Cheese Steak $14.50
Cheese steak Topped w/ a Crab cake.
*Fried Flounder $7
*Blackened Tuna Wrap $9
Topped w/ Lettuce, Tomato & Bang-Bang sauce
*Land & Sea Cheese Steak $10
Cheese Steak Topped w/ Shrimp
*Jumbo Lump Crab Cake $14.50
* Shrimp Salad Sandwich $9
Steamed Shrimp
16/20 Count $16.95 lb. Raw $17.95 lb Steamed
26/30 Count $11.95 lb. Raw $12.95 lb. Steamed
*Count= approximately how many in a pound
Maryland Crab
1/2 Pint--$3.50
Pint--$6.00
Cream of Crab
© 2014 by Freeland Crab and Seafood.


text:
Deploy, Adopt, and Maintain SAP Solutions
About SAP Southeast Asia
Knowledge Transfer for SAP User Groups
About SAP SE / SAP Southeast Asia News Center / Supply Chain Management
How SAP can Help
Southeast Asia's sustainable growth hangs in balance if future food security and food wastage left unaddressed
November 29, 2021 by SAP SEA
Singapore — 29 November 2021 — Southeast Asia's fast-growing population and increasing food demand, coupled with escalating adverse weather and supply chain events, highlights the region's future food security challenges that could be a hindrance to the development of its sustainable growth ambitions.
Image: Fireside chat with President and Managing Director Verena Siow, SAP Southeast Asia, Leonardo Rabelo, Chief Financial Officer, Dole Asia Holdings and Nguyen Duy Thuan, Chief Executive Officer Loc Troi Group. Moderated by Simone Pigason, Head of Digital Supply Chain, SAP Southeast Asia.
This was revealed at a recent event organized by SAP titled 'A Growing ASEAN, A Hungry Population: Building Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply Chains', which brought together business leaders across the region's food ecosystem spanning agriculture, manufacturing, distribution, logistics – including Dole Asia Holdings, a worldwide leader and innovator in the production and marketing of high-quality packaged fruit and healthy snacks, and Loc Troi Group, a leading manufacturer and supplier of products and services in the field of agriculture with a sustainable value chain from research, production and sales of seed products, plant protection drugs, bio-organic products, rice and coffee.
Around a third of all food produced[1] – or 1.3 billion tons – is lost or wasted every year according to previous estimates by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), also contributing 8-10% of global greenhouse gas emissions[2].
Experts and industry players cited the opportunities that lay ahead for Southeast Asia, among the world's most productive agriculture regions, particularly on investing in driving high-tech agribusinesses, enhancing cross-industry collaborations, digitalizing, and building resiliency across food supply chains and other activities along the value chain to bolster the region's food future.
Transforming Southeast Asia's food production
Agriculture and food are key drivers for Southeast Asia's economy and GDP, forming a substantial proportion of the region's workforce.
Empowering food producers with the right tools to meet the growing demand for food and combating food wastage are critical for challenges in the region – areas where technology and digitalization play a critical role, according to Verena Siow, President & Managing Director, SAP Southeast Asia.
"As a start, we need to better utilize the food we produce to minimize wastage. Food security and sustainability is more of a resource management challenge, where technology can be a change agent."
VIDEO: Discover how your business can adopt a sustainable supply chain approach to drive a more sustainable footing
"Given the diverse food industries across the region which spans from production to retail and restaurants, businesses need help in gaining better end-to-end oversight over their operations, forecast demand through big data to deliver food in a timely manner, and improve supply chain efficiency – all of which could greatly contribute to the reduction of food scarcity in a sustainable way", added Siow.
Speaking at the fireside chat hosted by Siow, Leonardo Rabelo, Chief Financial Officer of Dole Asia Holdings, outlined the company's efforts to elevate agriculture practices, ensuring better harvests for farmers yet also driving sustainable practices to mitigate food waste across its large operational footprint.
"Minimalism is at the heart of our green habits in our journey towards zero food loss. Technology in Agriculture or Agtech is vital in shaping our progressive and proactive waste reduction agenda. The in-farm IoTs, phase tracking and end-to end digitalization will be the new super powers to enable us to improve our quality and overall product value like never before and remarkably reducing waste. For the remaining waste our direction is to focus on upcycling it. To cite few examples we make banana puree, frozen banana, etc. In Dole, the "Art of possible" and the magic of enthusiasm are our fruit-some way of achieving zero fruit waste," said Rabelo.
Digitalization giving a hand to food growers
As food demand continues to increase with population growth and a rising middle class, countries will need to look at ways to bolster domestic food security and boost local production, especially for import and export dependent nations in the region.
Fundamentally, greater technology and finance support is needed for farmers and food producers, to increase yields and have better real-time data of the health conditions of their crops, especially for regions vulnerable to climate change like the Mekong Delta – which accounts for nearly half of Vietnam's rice production.
Nguyen Duy Thuan, Chief Executive Officer of Vietnam's Loc Troi Group, was also part of the fireside chat along with Siow and Rabelo. He shared about the company's pilot of the world's first rice sustainability standard with rice farmers across the Mekong Delta, to develop a sustainable, high-quality value chain, and eventually market Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP)-certified rice both domestically and abroad.
"Today Loc Troi works with more than 200,000 rice farmers and aims at 1 million farmers in 2024, on top of an annual rice milling capacity of 6 million tonnes. We leverage our foundations in agricultural knowledge in developing new crop varieties and resource-saving farming methods, along with applying technologies like drones and hospital mobile apps to provide consultancies for rice and fruit farmers. We were a member of SATForRice, a program by the Netherland government, which used AI in spectrum analysis and soil interactions to forecast next year's yield, pests, and diseases risks. Loc Troi is working with farmers to obtain crop planting area codes and traceability through QR codes to promote Vietnam's agricultural products in international markets", said Nguyen.
Loc Troi recently underwent a digital transformation journey with SAP S/4HANA in 2020, which helped the group of companies standardize all processes to follow international best practices, improve planning capacity, and automatically track all activities across its business, and also maximize agriculture competitiveness and integrability.
Transparency, visibility a weak link in food value chain resiliency
With greater internationalization of Southeast Asia's food businesses, enabling a resilient and agile food value chain remains critical to drive future growth for the industry. This includes greater integration and collaboration across partners, along with digital supply chains that grant visibility across their partners' operations and their own.
To accelerate the circular economy, SAP has also announced the availability of SAP® Responsible Design and Production, a solution for designing products sustainably to help businesses increase their measurement and data management capabilities. The new solution, now available across Southeast Asia, helps companies gain better visibility of material flows through their processes including tracking and complying with rapidly changing regulations, especially those concerning product packaging and plastics.
[1] FAO (2011): Global Food Losses and Food Waste – Extent, causes and prevention
[2] UNEP (2021): UNEP Food Waste Index Report 2021
Darryn Lim, darryn.lim@sap.com
Omnicom PR Group for SAP, sng.sap.wg@omnicomprgroup.com
SAP Press Room; press@sap.com
Tags: Digital Supply Chain, Digital Transformation, intelligent enterprise, Purpose and Sustainability
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text:
Augusta man shot dead on Red Bird Road; father in custody
Summer Moore
An Augusta man was shot and killed Monday night and his father is in custody, authorities said.
Deputies were called to the 1000 block of Red Bird Road at 5:38 p.m. after gunshots were reported.
Richmond County Deputy Coroner Johnny McDonald said authorities found the body of Rocky Allen Moody, 23, inside his residence.
McDonald said he died from an apparent gunshot wound and his autopsy is scheduled for today at the Georgia Bureau of Investigation crime lab in Augusta.
According to a news release from police, his father, Robert Moody, 55, shot him with a rifle following an argument.
He has been jailed on charges of murder and possession of a firearm during commission of a crime, police said this morning.
This is the thirteenth homicide of 2012 in Richmond County.


Vincenzo's Pizza in Newhall has established a reputation for providing highest quality food, excellent customer service and speedy delivery to customers in the Newhall area.
And if that wasn't enough, the place also offers some of the best entertainment around, ranging from blues to bluegrass.
Stop in at Vincenzo's Pizza located on 24504 1/2 Lyons Ave in Newhall or give us a call at 661-259-6733.
We are all so busy, especially during the holiday season, so why not order online and have fresh hot pizza at home? Give it a try, we know you'll love it.
Get delicious pizza, salad, and pasta for your next birthday party, business or school event. Thats right, you can have our awesome food for all of your get togethers!
The Grateful Dudes live at Vincenzo's on Saturday November 14, 7:30-10:30. Help keep bluegrass alive in SCV by attending and ordering a lot of delicious pizza, fresh salad, and some cold refreshing beer. We hope to see you there!


text:
Cruising during a cyclone and a Pandemic
It's dinner time on board Carnival Splendor as she approaches the entrance to Sydney Harbour, two days early, passing a cruise ship heading in the opposite direction
"Where's that cruise ship going?" a young girl asks her parents.
"It's going to float around at sea for the next 30 days" her mother responds.
"Why?" asks the girl.
"There's a bug going around."
My Carnival Splendor South Pacific Cruise from Sydney
I was excited to go on a South Pacific Cruise in March on Carnival Splendor. I'd done a previous South Pacific cruise on Royal Caribbean's Explorer of the Seas but was excited about this one as it included visiting Mare in the Loyalty Islands Group (having visited Lifou on my previous trip) as well as returning to Isle of Pines and Noumea.
In February, with the beginnings of the pandemic outbreak in Asia, Tribal Chiefs closed the ports of Mare, Lifou and Isle of Pines. These small islands have no medical facilities, leaving the communities vulnerable – a coronavirus outbreak here would decimate them.
A new itinerary was less "announced", more subtly updated by the cruise line after weeks of silence and conflicting messages given to others I found in a Facebook Group of people taking this cruise.
Three ports had become two and an additional sea day was added as well as an additional $150 onboard credit per person as compensation. Noumea remained on the schedule, but instead of Mare and Isle of Pines it looked as though I'd be revisiting Mystery Island in Vanuatu which is owned by the cruise lines and employees are shipped to for the day from the nearby main island.
When you purchase a cruise you agree to terms which say cruise itineraries are not guaranteed: weather, mechanical difficulties, civil unrest and other unforeseen circumstances can lead to changes in cruise itineraries.
Some insurance policies allow for a small amount of compensation per person on the policy, per port missed. Missed ports and curtailed cruises due to pandemics however tend to be excluded.
I took my mum on the cruise with me and while the swells had been a bit rocky, it was, figuratively, smooth sailing until late on our second day at sea.
Friday 13 March 2020 – Tropical Cyclone Gretel
The night before we were due in Noumea, there was a "very important announcement" from our Captain that due to Tropical Cyclone Gretel bearing down on the area, it would be unsafe for us to visit Mystery Island. Instead we'd head back towards Sydney from Noumea and have an additional "fun day at sea".
Mum and I were watching a comedian called Jacques Barrett whose skit was failing to impress me, with lines about buying caged eggs, when his microphone was cut for the announcement from the bridge.
The fact that we'd instead have another "fun day at sea" drew groans from the crowd, but Jaques assured us he'd go and have a chat to the Captain, as not only were we most unhappy with the news, the Captain had made Jacques' job that much harder.
Amusingly. his microphone was then cut again as Chloe, our Cruise Director repeated the sentiments of our Italian Captain.
Neither the news nor the weather dampened our day out in Noumea, during which we took the Tchou Tchou train excursion to see bays and marinas while learning about the history and culture of Noumea.
But as we sat with our cocktails as Carnival Splendor departed from Noumea, it became clear the cyclone was not the only concern – this cruise would be Carnival Splendor's last for months
Cruise lines globally were being put on hold (Carnival's own cessation being announced via a tweet from Donald Trump, rather than the company itself), and ships would soon be forbidden by the New Zealand and Australian governments from docking on their shores.
At the time the Australian Government made their announcement, 37 cruise ships were in water near Australia. Within a week 50,000 passengers, like me would be rushed off.
As we pondered our missed ports and the self-isolation which would come into effect once we returned home, we thought of people like Ake, our Housekeeper from Indonesia, Georgio, our Waiter from Bulgaria, and Kimbo, a member of the Fun Squad from the United Kingdom, who all remained friendly, professional and enthusiastic despite the future of their jobs and careers being unknown.
What would happen to them? Could they remain on the ship? Would they have to pay to do so? Would they have to return home? Many were sending their money back to their families and could not afford a return flight home.
Another "very important announcement" from the Captain (we'd learnt quickly these meant bad news). At this time the Australian government had requested that Carnival Splendor return to Sydney as quickly as possible, which meant we'd be arriving at 8pm the following day.
Fortunately for us, Australian-flagged vessels and ships which were bound for Australia having left their last overseas port, were exempt from the ban, and reading in the media of other cruise ships not being allowed to let passengers off anywhere, we were grateful to be heading home faster.
We were also lucky that Carnival did some great things to assist passengers at this time, including making the internet package and phone calls free so that people could make accommodation bookings and change flights and transport.
With non-refundable onboard credit needing to be used faster than anticipated, chaos ensued as the Alchemy cocktail bar and Red Frog pub were suddenly full of people drinking. Cloud 9 Day Spa and the boutiques on board were also busy as people rushed to treat themselves and purchase gifts and souvenirs.
We sailed into Sydney in the evening past many ghost cruise ships stacking up in Sydney Harbour. After a chaotic disembarkation process where we handed over arrival cards which were not even glanced at, by late Tuesday Mum and I were off the ship and hiding out in a Sydney hotel room, waiting for our Wednesday flight home to the safety of 14 days self-isolation in our respective homes.
As the real restrictions set in with coronavirus in New Zealand, I continually think of the staff on the Carnival Splendor ship, as well as many other ships, who are now stranded at sea as things escalate. As most of the workers are foreigners, they won't be allowed on Australian soil.
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Sujata Annavarapu
I know COVID19 is going to have a devastating affect on a lot of businesses especially crippling the cruise and travel industry as a whole. Perhaps it is time to overhaul the industry so it can be more sustainable. I feel awful for the crew who get paid a pittance to begin with and now no income coming in for the next how many ever months.
By the way, loved your engaging writing style and post.
sarahkennerley@gmail.com
Definitely time for an overhaul Sujata! I do feel for the wonderful staff I've met on cruise ships who were always so amazing. I have a cruise booked in July and right now, it's just not something I want to do at all.
I'm Sarah, a New Zealand Travel Blogger who also enjoys good coffee and wine and exercise.
Sarah Sees The World is my outlet as I dream of travelling the world full time and a space on the internet to inspire others in the same position to make the most of every trip.
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Kupu - Kupu Kertas Cinta Sebening Embun Cintaku Kandas Direrumputan Aku Ingin Pulang Camelia 3 Rembulan Menangis Nyanyian Kasmaran 1: Untukmu Kekasih 1: Kapankah Kita Kan Berlabuh 1: Bingkai Mimpi 1: Ijinkan Aku Reguk Cintamu 1: Seraut Wajah 1: What is the purpose of the financial statements of a company: Please be aware that different companies use different terminology, so what you see here might be different from what your company is using.
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text:
Cosby admits sedating women for sex
Court documents just released revealed that the U.S. comedian and actor, Bill Cosby, admitted in testimony that he sedated young women that he wanted to have sex with.
Mr. Cosby made the admissions in a 2005 deposition related to a civil case brought by Temple University sports staffer, Andrea Constand, who told police that Mr. Cosby had drugged and raped her in Pennsylvania.
According to court documents released on Tuesday in Pennsylvania, Mr. Cosby testified that he obtained seven prescriptions for Quaaludes, a central nervous system depressant, and confirmed that he gave them to other people.
Dolores Troiani, Constand's lawyer, asked: "When you got the Quaaludes, was it in your mind that you were going to use these Quaaludes for young women that you wanted to have sex with.
The lawyer said "Yes," Mr. Cosby responded.
"He gave the Quaaludes," Patrick O'Connor, Cosby's lawyer, was quoted as saying. "If it was illegal, the courts will determine that."
Mr. Cosby settled out of court with Constand in 2006.
The sealed documents were made public following requests issued by the Associated Press in 2005 and 2014.
In a Pennsylvania district court memo defending the release, Judge Eduardo C Robreno Jr said Mr. Cosby's decision to enter the public sphere as an entertainer and social commentator meant he "voluntarily narrowed the zone of privacy that he was entitled to claim".
Multiple women have made on-the-record claims of sexual assault against Mr. Cosby, including former model Janice Dickinson and former actress Barbara Bowman.
Mr. Cosby's career as an actor and comedian has spanned five decades, and he remains a household name in the U.S. for his starring roles in the Fat Albert cartoon series and The Cosby Show, US television's biggest hit in the 1980s.
(dpa/NAN)
Nigeria fails to pay midwives for 9 months, blames budget delay
Former Enugu Governor, Nnamani, to forfeit multibillion naira properties to FG
Police arrest two pastors over alleged extra-marital affair
Fani-Kayode, longtime girlfriend welcome son
Comedian Alibaba narrates experience with COVID-19
10 things any aspiring Nigerian politician must expect – Ex-senator
Why I stopped attending Catholic churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie
Alleged Paternity Scandal: FCMB to probe MD as many demand his sack
Why Nigerian Army can't defeat Boko Haram – UK High Commissioner


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The EBA published its final Guidelines (GL) regarding the types of exposures to be associated with high risk under the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR). The GL, which should be implemented by 1 July 2019, consist of two sections. The first one clarifies the notions of investments in venture capital firms and private equity, which the EBA has taken the initiative to provide for the purpose of these Guidelines only. This step was triggered by the lack of guidance available to the public on these notions and because definitions are deemed necessary to ensure harmonization on the types of exposures that are considered as investments in venture capital firms and private equity. The second section specifies the types of exposures listed under Article 128 (3) of the CRR, which should be considered as high risk and provides stakeholders with a clear identification scheme to follow in their process of identification of exposures associated with high risk. This guidance will encourage institutions to single out and specify those individual exposures that carry a high risk of loss as items of particularly high risk and, therefore, structurally different from common exposures of the same original asset class.


text:
package orc

import (
	"time"

	"github.com/scritchley/orc/proto"
)

type statisticsMap map[int]ColumnStatistics

func NewColumnStatistics(category Category) ColumnStatistics {
	switch category {
	case CategoryInt, CategoryShort, CategoryLong:
		return NewIntegerStatistics()
	case CategoryString:
		return NewStringStatistics()
	case CategoryBoolean:
		return NewBucketStatistics()
	case CategoryTimestamp:
		return NewTimestampStatistics()
	default:
		return NewBaseStatistics()
	}
}

func (e statisticsMap) add(id int, stats ColumnStatistics) {
	if _, ok := e[id]; ok {
		e[id].Merge(stats)
	} else {
		e[id] = stats
	}
}

func (e statisticsMap) reset() {
	for k := range e {
		delete(e, k)
	}
}

func (e statisticsMap) statistics() []*proto.ColumnStatistics {
	statistics := make([]*proto.ColumnStatistics, len(e))
	for i := range statistics {
		statistics[i] = e[i].Statistics()
	}
	return statistics
}

func (e statisticsMap) merge(other statisticsMap) {
	for i := range other {
		if _, ok := e[i]; ok {
			e[i].Merge(other[i])
		} else {
			e[i] = other[i]
		}
	}
}

func (e statisticsMap) forEach(fn func(i int, c ColumnStatistics)) {
	for i := 0; i < len(e); i++ {
		s := e[i]
		fn(i, s)
	}
}

type ColumnStatistics interface {
	Statistics() *proto.ColumnStatistics
	Add(value interface{})
	Merge(other ColumnStatistics)
	Reset()
}

type BaseStatistics struct {
	*proto.ColumnStatistics
}

func NewBaseStatistics() BaseStatistics {
	var hasNull bool
	var numValues uint64
	return BaseStatistics{
		&proto.ColumnStatistics{
			NumberOfValues: &numValues,
			HasNull:        &hasNull,
		},
	}
}

func (b BaseStatistics) Add(value interface{}) {
	if hasNull := value == nil; hasNull {
		*b.HasNull = hasNull
	}
	n := b.ColumnStatistics.GetNumberOfValues() + 1
	*b.ColumnStatistics.NumberOfValues = n
}

func (b BaseStatistics) Merge(other ColumnStatistics) {
	if bs, ok := other.(BaseStatistics); ok {
		numValues := b.GetNumberOfValues() + bs.GetNumberOfValues()
		*b.NumberOfValues = numValues
	}
}

func (b BaseStatistics) Statistics() *proto.ColumnStatistics {
	return b.ColumnStatistics
}

type IntegerStatistics struct {
	BaseStatistics
	minSet bool
}

func (i *IntegerStatistics) Merge(other ColumnStatistics) {
	if is, ok := other.(*IntegerStatistics); ok {
		if is.IntStatistics.GetMaximum() > i.IntStatistics.GetMaximum() {
			i.IntStatistics.Maximum = is.IntStatistics.Maximum
		}
		if is.IntStatistics.GetMinimum() < i.IntStatistics.GetMinimum() {
			i.IntStatistics.Minimum = is.IntStatistics.Minimum
		}
		sum := i.IntStatistics.GetSum() + is.IntStatistics.GetSum()
		*i.IntStatistics.Sum = sum
		i.BaseStatistics.Merge(is.BaseStatistics)
	}
}

func (i *IntegerStatistics) Add(value interface{}) {
	if val, ok := value.(int64); ok {
		if i.IntStatistics.Maximum == nil {
			valCopy := val
			i.IntStatistics.Maximum = &valCopy
		} else if val > i.IntStatistics.GetMaximum() {
			*i.IntStatistics.Maximum = val
		}
		if !i.minSet {
			valCopy := val
			i.IntStatistics.Minimum = &valCopy
			i.minSet = true
		} else if val < i.IntStatistics.GetMinimum() {
			*i.IntStatistics.Minimum = val
		}
		sum := i.IntStatistics.GetSum() + val
		*i.IntStatistics.Sum = sum
	}
	i.BaseStatistics.Add(value)
}

func (i *IntegerStatistics) Statistics() *proto.ColumnStatistics {
	return i.ColumnStatistics
}

func (i *IntegerStatistics) Reset() {
	*i = *NewIntegerStatistics()
}

func NewIntegerStatistics() *IntegerStatistics {
	base := NewBaseStatistics()
	var sumValue int64
	base.IntStatistics = &proto.IntegerStatistics{
		Sum: &sumValue,
	}
	return &IntegerStatistics{
		BaseStatistics: base,
	}
}

type StringStatistics struct {
	BaseStatistics
	minSet bool
}

func NewStringStatistics() *StringStatistics {
	base := NewBaseStatistics()
	var sumValue int64
	base.StringStatistics = &proto.StringStatistics{
		Sum: &sumValue,
	}
	return &StringStatistics{
		BaseStatistics: base,
	}
}

func (s *StringStatistics) Merge(other ColumnStatistics) {
	if ss, ok := other.(*StringStatistics); ok {
		if ss.StringStatistics.GetMaximum() > s.StringStatistics.GetMaximum() {
			s.StringStatistics.Maximum = ss.StringStatistics.Maximum
		}
		if ss.StringStatistics.GetMinimum() < s.StringStatistics.GetMinimum() {
			s.StringStatistics.Minimum = ss.StringStatistics.Minimum
		}
		sum := s.StringStatistics.GetSum() + ss.StringStatistics.GetSum()
		*s.StringStatistics.Sum = sum
		s.BaseStatistics.Merge(ss.BaseStatistics)
	}
}

func (s *StringStatistics) Add(value interface{}) {
	if val, ok := value.(string); ok {
		if s.StringStatistics.Maximum == nil {
			valCopy := val
			s.StringStatistics.Maximum = &valCopy
		} else if val > s.StringStatistics.GetMaximum() {
			*s.StringStatistics.Maximum = val
		}
		if !s.minSet {
			valCopy := val
			s.StringStatistics.Minimum = &valCopy
			s.minSet = true
		} else if val < s.StringStatistics.GetMinimum() {
			*s.StringStatistics.Minimum = val
		}
		sum := s.StringStatistics.GetSum() + int64(len(val))
		*s.StringStatistics.Sum = sum
	}
	s.BaseStatistics.Add(value)
}

func (s *StringStatistics) Reset() {
	*s = *NewStringStatistics()
}

func (s *StringStatistics) Statistics() *proto.ColumnStatistics {
	return s.ColumnStatistics
}

type BucketStatistics struct {
	BaseStatistics
}

func NewBucketStatistics() *BucketStatistics {
	base := NewBaseStatistics()
	base.BucketStatistics = &proto.BucketStatistics{}
	return &BucketStatistics{
		base,
	}
}

// func (b *BucketStatistics) Add(value interface{}) {
// 	if t, ok := value.(bool); ok {
// 		b.BaseStatistics
// 	}
// 	b.BaseStatistics.Add(value)
// }

type TimestampStatistics struct {
	BaseStatistics
	minSet bool
}

func NewTimestampStatistics() *TimestampStatistics {
	base := NewBaseStatistics()
	var max, min, maxUTC, minUTC int64

	base.TimestampStatistics = &proto.TimestampStatistics{
		Maximum:    &max,
		Minimum:    &min,
		MaximumUtc: &maxUTC,
		MinimumUtc: &minUTC,
	}
	return &TimestampStatistics{
		BaseStatistics: base,
	}
}

func (i *TimestampStatistics) Merge(other ColumnStatistics) {
	if is, ok := other.(*TimestampStatistics); ok {
		if is.TimestampStatistics.GetMaximum() > i.TimestampStatistics.GetMaximum() {
			i.TimestampStatistics.Maximum = is.TimestampStatistics.Maximum
			i.TimestampStatistics.MaximumUtc = is.TimestampStatistics.MaximumUtc
		}
		if is.TimestampStatistics.GetMinimum() < i.TimestampStatistics.GetMinimum() {
			i.TimestampStatistics.Minimum = is.TimestampStatistics.Minimum
			i.TimestampStatistics.MinimumUtc = is.TimestampStatistics.MinimumUtc
		}
		i.BaseStatistics.Merge(is.BaseStatistics)
	}
}

func (i *TimestampStatistics) Add(value interface{}) {
	if val, ok := value.(time.Time); ok {
		if i.TimestampStatistics.Maximum == nil {
			valCopy := val.Unix()
			valUTCCopy := val.UTC().Unix()
			i.TimestampStatistics.Maximum = &valCopy
			i.TimestampStatistics.MaximumUtc = &valUTCCopy
		} else if val.After(time.Unix(i.TimestampStatistics.GetMaximum(), 0)) {
			*i.TimestampStatistics.Maximum = val.Unix()
			*i.TimestampStatistics.MaximumUtc = val.UTC().Unix()
		}
		if !i.minSet {
			valCopy := val.Unix()
			valUTCCopy := val.UTC().Unix()
			i.TimestampStatistics.Minimum = &valCopy
			i.TimestampStatistics.MinimumUtc = &valUTCCopy
			i.minSet = true
		} else if val.Before(time.Unix(i.TimestampStatistics.GetMinimum(), 0)) {
			*i.TimestampStatistics.Minimum = val.Unix()
			*i.TimestampStatistics.MinimumUtc = val.UTC().Unix()

		}
	}
	i.BaseStatistics.Add(value)
}

func (i *TimestampStatistics) Statistics() *proto.ColumnStatistics {
	return i.ColumnStatistics
}

func (i *TimestampStatistics) Reset() {
	*i = *NewTimestampStatistics()
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub