Once a fad finds its way to me, you know that fad is dead.
Or at least in the throes of death rattle.
A swell time was had by all.
Now...onto Crocs and American Idol.
Also, Lily Allen should pay me to not buy her album.
oh, dear ME. how I have waited for this post. waited and waited and waited... and not in vain.
also, your newest kid is DELISH.
Don't you know that we're moms? What do we know from inside joke internet trends or whatever.
I laughed and that's good enough for me. Your work here is done.
The picture of the girls is way too funny - it does, indeed, say a thousand words.
And where can I get me a hat like Jonny-Joe's?
If lolcats is dead then I am flinging myself into the grave with it.
Still laughing! Lolkidz iz new U!
Thank you - best laugh I've had in DAYS.
Your DH is cute too. I, erahem, love his hat.
I can geuss whoz winnig!


UrbanClap is the fastest growing early-stage startup in India right now. We are solving a huge problem helping customers discover, vet and buy trusted local services on the internet (USD 100 billion industry in India alone). In a short span of 2 years, we have gone from 3 services in 1 city to 107 services across 8 cities, scaled from 5-10 customers served per day to 1.5 million customers in total today, 3 co-founders to 300 team members. The founders have worked at BCG, Twitter, Yelp and Qualcomm across New York, Silicon Valley, SE Asia, and India.
Certificate, Letter of recommendation, Job offer (On successful conversion to a permanent employee, the candidate can expect a salary of Rs. 3 to 7 Lac/annum), Flexible work hours.


text:
Longituda nula je redovna epizoda Marti Misterije premijerno objavljena u Srbiji u svesci #39. u izdanju Veselog četvrtka. Sveska je objavljena 05.01.2017. Koštala je 380 din (3,2 €; 3,6 $). Imala je 154 strane. Na kraju sveske nalazi se kratak tekst Alfreda Kastelija pod nazivom "Ispod leda na polu".

Originalna epizoda
Originalna epizoda pod nazivom Longitudine zero objavljena je premijerno u #317. regularne edicije Marti Misterije koja je u Italiji u izdanju Bonelija izašla 12.10.2011. Epizodu je nacrtao Giulio Camagni, a scenario napisao Alfedo Castelli. Naslovnu stranu nacrtao Đankarlo Alesandrini. Koštala je 6,3 €.

Kratak sadržaj
Prolog: Na dan 12.10.2011, dva pilota uzleću sa britanske vojne baze Maunt Plezent na Foklandskim ostrvima na južnom Atlantiku. (Baza je napravnljena nakon rata Britanije i Argentine 1982. god, kao sredstvao zastrašivanja i odvraćanja od novih napada Argentine.) Dva pilota pod kodiranim imenima Džej i Tihi Bob tokom rutinske patrole nailaze na bestelesnu materiju koja se pretvara u veliki bljesk. Nekoliko trenutaka kasnije, terenska vojna patrola nalazi na zemlji telo umotanu u nepoznat materijal sastavljan od tankih struna, koje vibriraju. Kada su sinuli materijal, našli su telo Marti Misterije.

Glavna priča: Džordž Makardel, jedan od dva pilota, zamoljen je da napusti britansku avijaciju nakon ovog događaja. Najpre je posetio Dilan Doga da bi s njim pričao o onome što je video te noći. Dilan ga, međutim, upućuje na Marti Misteriju. Džordž objašnjava da je u trenutku bljeska u deliću sekunde video veliki broj događaja i tuđih sećanja, uključujući Dilana i Martija, razane šifre i matematičke formule, ali i leteći tanji sa oznakom nemačkog Luftwaffe-a, koji oboren leži na ledenoj površini. Džordž kaže da je na momente video i "teoriju svega". Marti objašnjava osnove "teorije svega", koja bi trebalo da objedini Ajnšatajnovu teoriju relativiteta (objašnjava kretanje u velikim telima) i kasnije nastalu teoriju struna (objašnjava kretanje na nivou subatoma).

Na dan događaja, Marti je bio u pozorištu i doživeo incident sa telefonom kada ga je nazvao Džonatan Zigler. Ziglera je upoznao 2 nedelje ranije na sastanku u Haravard klubu.

Inspiracija naukom
U osnovi priče nalazi se naučna teorije Alberta Ajnštajna o opštoj i specijalnoj relativnosti iz 1915. godine, kao i teorija, koja je trebalo da ih objedini, ali koju Ajnštajn nije dovršio.

Inspiracija pozorištem i filmom
Dok se desio ključni događaj, Marti je bio na pozorišnoj predstavi Upoznaj moga tatu u Brus Atkinson Teatru na Brodveju, koju je režirao Džon Torturo. Džej i Tihi Bob su likovi iz filmova režisera Kevina Smita.

Nastavak epizode
Nastavak ove epziode objavljen je pod nazivom Povratak na longitudu nula (#53).

Fusnote

Стрип

Stripovi o Marti Misteriji
Марти Мистерија

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Businesses need to think more radically than simply enabling flexible working requests if they are to tackle the challenges of the changing world of work.
That's according to a report published by flexibility.co.uk last week. It's work but not as we know it, authored by Andy Lake and Tim Dwelly, argues that businesses should move away from 20th century factory models of work organisation to realise the benefits of agile working.
Lake told delegates at a conference for the report's launch that there is a transformation going on in the workplace. Two big shifts in the labour market in the last decade are the rise of part-time working and growth in home-based working, dominated by people running businesses from home. In the UK there has been a 32% increase in home-based working since 2001.
Lake added that it is becoming increasingly unclear where the 'workplace' is, with people working in a variety of places at different times. He questioned whether workplaces are optimised for flexibility, mobility and 'virtuality' and said employers need to make the work spaces interesting and equipped for the tasks employees do there.
Changing technology, contractual relationships and demographics are making flexibility a bigger part of the work landscape, says the report. It also suggests advancing technology and robotics will change workplaces – meaning fewer workers on site in factories and, warehouses and primary industries as well as the decline of the desk, keyboard and mouse.
"What does it mean for the design of offices if people are talking or gesturing to computers?" said Lake.
The possibilities for businesses are significant, and firms should embrace 'spaceless growth' – making use of flexibility to grow without increasing overheads and office space. Lake adds that government organisations should also cut their reliance on paper and adopt remote collaboration techniques, saving travel for when face to face contact adds real value.
"A flexible approach to workplace in government should include much more working in the field, alongside citizens, sharing of workplaces on a routine basis by different departments, agencies and authorities, working from home and from workhubs," says the report.
In addition, it makes recommendations on public planning of infrastructure, communities and development. The report points to the need to ensure high speed broadband access is widely available, communities adapt to increasing home working, and travel is reduced.
"Legislation in many countries supports people in requesting flexible workstyles. The problem is that such policies are based on the idea of 'flexibility as exceptional'. This needs to evolve towards an approach of 'flexibility as normal'.


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text:
require 'rails_helper'

describe Acl do
  # before(:all) do
  #   @branch = create(:branch)
  #
  #   page = File.read('spec/data/list.packages.sisyphus')
  #   url = 'http://git.altlinux.org/acl/list.packages.sisyphus'
  #   FakeWeb.register_uri(:get, url, response: page)
  #
  #   Acl.update_redis_cache(@branch, url)
  # end
  #
  # it 'should import and update acls' do
  #   expect(Redis.current.smembers("#{ @branch.name }:rpm:acls").sort).to eq(%w(ldv at).sort)
  #   expect(Redis.current.smembers("#{ @branch.name }:maintainers:ldv")).to eq(%w(rpm))
  #   expect(Redis.current.smembers("#{ @branch.name }:maintainers:at")).to eq(%w(rpm))
  # end
  #
  # it 'should change "php_coder" to "php-coder"' do
  #   expect(Redis.current.smembers("#{ @branch.name }:chkrootkit:acls").sort).to eq(%w(php-coder @everybody).sort)
  # end
  #
  # it 'should change "psolntsev" to "p_solntsev"' do
  #   expect(Redis.current.smembers("#{ @branch.name }:docs-cppreference:acls").sort).to eq(%w(p_solntsev @qa).sort)
  # end
  #
  # it 'should change "@vim_plugins" to "@vim-plugins"' do
  #   expect(Redis.current.smembers("#{ @branch.name }:vim-plugin-CRefVIM:acls")).to eq(['@vim-plugins'])
  # end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This Is Only The Beginning-- Philadelphia Eagles 2018 Season Kickoff video--"This is only the beginning"--#FlyEaglesFly #NFL #Eagles--source: PhiladelphiaEagles.com.
The NFL season opens on the evening of September 6, 2018, with the Super Bowl champion Philadelphia Eagles hosting the Atlanta Falcons.
Analysts have pointed to the start of the college and pro football seasons as the first real indication of the upside potential for casino operators, bookmaking companies and gaming platform developers in the wake of recent legalization of sports betting in several U.S. states. Reports on casino traffic and the popularity of in-game betting as football season starts may be indicative of the future market potential.
U.S. Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer and retiring Senator Orrin Hatch have said they will push for federal sports betting legislation, although full approval may take some time.
Companies looking to profit from sports betting include GVC Holdings (OTCPK:GMVHF), Boyd Gaming (NYSE:BYD), Caesars Entertainment (NASDAQ:CZR), Betfair (OTC:PDYPF), DraftKings (DRAFT), Churchill Downs (NASDAQ:CHDN), Fanduel (DUEL), International Game Technology (NYSE:IGT), Stars Group (NASDAQ:TSG), William Hill (OTCPK:WIMHY) and MGM Resorts (NYSE:MGM).


From 7.30pm on Thursday 19 January 1967, George Martin and The Beatles spent the next seven hours at the Abbey Road's Studio 2 working through takes one to four of "In the Life of…", a new song which, when completed, would be retitled "A Day in the Life". In late May, fans would hear it as the final track of Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.
For many producers, that would have been a good day's work. However, Martin, engineer Geoff Emerick and second engineer Phil McDonald – both of whom also worked on that evening's Beatles session – had been in Studio 2 earlier in the day mixing "Never Ever" and "Twentyfourth Hour", the A- and B-sides of the fourth Martin-produced single by North London band The Action. George Martin was as dedicated to The Action as The Beatles.
Of his reaction to first seeing The Action live in 1965, Martin said that "as soon as the group started playing, I realised that they were very good indeed and played with tremendous precision. The three-part harmonies in particular were musically well constructed, and the lead singer was outstanding. The thing that really struck me, however, was the overall sound they created. It was tremendously exciting and full of energy, quite unique and unlike any other outfit I had come across at the time." Astonishingly, the support of the period's most visionary record producer could not help The Action break through into mainstream success.
Martin also reflected: "I remember The Action as an amazingly talented outfit; nice guys who were enormous fun to work with, and when they got together, they sounded brilliant. I loved the records I made with them, and I thought they all should have been hits. To this day I am baffled that they did not achieve superstardom – they certainly had all it takes to achieve it." The Action made five singles with Martin for The Beatles' label, Parlophone: ten tracks in total. But what they issued during their lifetime does not tell the full story.
The new case-bound box set Shadows and Reflections: The Complete Recordings 1964–1968 takes four discs to tell the story across 88 tracks by diligently collecting everything that exists, though for contractual reasons their pre-Action Sandra Barry & the Boys single is not included. Around two-thirds of what is heard has been out before on various CDs and records – some legal, some not, and most hard to find – this the definitive, Action-sanctioned statement on the band.
Beyond the other pre-Action tracks they recorded and issued while named The Boys, the set's scope is defined by demos, tracks from audition sessions, backing tracks, studio outtakes which are effectively rehearsals and what they recorded after they left Parlophone and parted ways with Martin.
There are also BBC sessions, off-air tracks taped from a television appearance on Ready Steady Go by Action fan Phil Collins and eight versions of the original single tracks which were remixes made in 1990 for their first appearance on CD. Until now, it has not been possible to hear The Action on CD as they actually were on their original singles – Disc One of Shadows and Reflections includes these ten sides as they were intended to be heard, mastered from the original tapes for the first time since they were initially reissued on vinyl in 1980, and in more dynamic and punchy sound than ever.
Amongst the other winning aspects of the well thought out, crisply designed Shadows and Reflections is Disc Two's first 14 tracks: new stereo mixes created from the original multi-track tapes. All the band's material was originally issued in mono. Instead of being sonically angular overhauls created for digitally informed ears, these sympathetic mixes are true to the feel of solid-bodied Sixties recordings. They were made by the set's producer, the Grammy nominated archive and reissue expert Alec Palao – who undertook the same dexterous task for last year's similarly definitive reissue of the equally important Action contemporaries The Creation. Palao has also contributed a fascinating diary style section to the set's book on the band's studio sessions.
As to why The Action are important and deserve this treatment, Martin said it all: they "sounded brilliant." Although rooted in soul music and with a significant amount of cover versions in their repertoire, the band's approach was unique. To further paraphrase their producer they, indeed, "played with tremendous precision…the three-part harmonies…were musically well constructed, and the[ir] lead singer was outstanding. [They were] full of energy." With their astonishing harmonies, a strong rhythm section and inventive, unpredictable arrangements – with and without Martin – they had their own sound.
Of course, after their name change from The Boys they were positioned as a mod band but quickly moved beyond that to embrace West Coast harmony pop in the widest sense, as evinced by their classic final single "Shadows and Reflections" and the psychedelic soul of its predecessor 45 "Never Ever". Further stressing their breadth of scope, the BBC session tracks include a version of The Byrds' "I See You" and, extraordinarily, John Coltrane's "India".
In the set's main essay, the band's Roger Powell underlines this evolution by encapsulating the band's development as 1967 and line-up changes arrived: "We moved away from the Tamla stuff and started doing West Coast numbers. We then went out on the road again, still as The Action, playing all this new material. I remember someone coming up to me in the audience and saying, 'You're not The Action. You didn't play any of the songs that The Action used to play.' So we never got rebooked because we weren't reckoned to be the 'same' Action! After three months of doing all the gigs we used to do, we suddenly didn't have any." They may not have been the "same Action", but what they recorded in 1967 and early 1968 for an aborted album – heard here in best-ever sound – was as convincing as what they had released in the previous two years.
The Action rode the changes of 1965 to 1968 with aplomb to seamlessly progress. In the process, they never lost sight of the song. The latest recordings here, from summer 1968, are tight and focussed on melody. The subsequent name change to Mighty Baby was notice that they had moved on.
This is a significant release. Not just for the fans who will want to have everything in one place for the first time, and in top-notch sound in a sympathetic package. Anyone with a passing interest in Sixties British pop at its best will also need this box set as it celebrates a band of which, when they were first reissued on album in 1980, Paul Weller said "15 or so years after these records were made and discovering them for the first time, they touch me". That compilation was titled The Ultimate Action. Now, Shadows and Reflections: The Complete Recordings 1964–1968, is a fresh, conclusive take on the Action. The new ultimate Action.


We really recommend reading this article by Bethany Jenkins, from the Gospel Coalition, about how Christians can can stand out at work.
In Every Good Endeavor, Tim Keller says Christians should be different than nonbelievers at work. This is often easier said than done, of course. But cultivating such "attractively distinct" lives is essential to our public witness.
Driven by a unique view of humanity and a love rooted in the wisdom of the cross, we can stand out at work in at least four ways.
Driven by the Father's love and his acceptance of us through Jesus, we can be known as fair, caring, and committed to others. Since we know the depths of our own sin and the magnitude of God's grace to us, we can be ready to forgive and reconcile with others (Matt 6:12; Eph. 4:32).
Depending on context and opportunity, generosity at work can be expressed in different ways. Managers can be generous with their advice, access, and investment in people. All of us can be generous with our time and money, sharing our resources sacrificially. Small business owners can take less personal profit to benefit their neighbors, customers, and employees. Tegu, for example, is a wooden toy company founded by Will and Chris Haughey. Driven by their Christian faith, they intentionally take smaller profit margins to benefit the people of Honduras, where their wood is harvested, and to create an employee savings program.
We can also show generosity to our colleagues by loving them outside of work—cooking a meal for them if they have a baby, attending a funeral if they lose a loved one, grabbing dinner with them if they're struggling, joining their club sports team, or attending their wedding. Generosity during after-work hours is a testimony of love—showing them that you see them as a whole person, not merely a productive colleague.
For so many people the prospect of career reversal or business failure is such a struggle. When our meaning in life and identity is at stake, we panic, often acting impulsively, sometimes finding ourselves able to lie and betray others in order to save ourselves, or we simply plunge into despair. But Jesus says, rather, "store up for yourselves treasures in heaven" (Matt. 6:20). What does that mean? Paul tells us that in Christ all treasures are hid (Col. 2:3), and Peter says that Jesus was rejected for us, dying to take what we deserved, and therefore "to you who believe, [he] is precious" (1 Pet. 2:7). . . . This is not simply rhetoric or even abstract theology. The Bible is saying: Only if Jesus is your treasure are you truly rich, for he is the only currency that cannot be devalued. And only if he is your Savior are you truly successful, for status with him is the only status that can't be lost.
As Christians we mourn, but not as those who have no hope (1 Thess. 4:13). We can laugh at the days to come (Prov. 31:25) because we know that, no matter how bleak things may seem, God does not abandon his people. He has tomorrow planned (Matt. 6:34).
Some Christians aren't open about their faith at work. Others talk about it all the time, but act and speak in ways that marginalize nonbelievers.
I know a man who began a business some years ago based on the idea that in a particular sector of financial services the existing providers of a particular product were using the complexity of the instruments and the ignorance of customers to keep prices high. He believed that a new company, being more transparent with clients, could offer lower prices and better service, not only resulting in healthy profits, but also help bring reform and integrity to a field that sorely needed them. When he presented his idea to prospective partners and employees, he struck a remarkable balance. He said that the new company was going to be values-driven, and he laid out those values. He stressed that he was committed to these values not merely because they would attract clients and drive revenue, but also because they were the right things to do. He said that these values grew out of his own Christian faith, but he quickly added, regardless of the basis for anyone else's beliefs, if they were committed to the same values, they were equal partners. This is an excellent example of being both open about one's faith and yet nonexclusive or sectarian about it.
As Christians, may we take every opportunity to testify to the compassion, generosity, steadfastness, and authenticity of Jesus. And when we—as sinners—inevitably fail at displaying his fullness, may we also be people who are quick to seek forgiveness from others and God, knowing that our righteousness is found in Christ alone.


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Traditional teacher-centered methods of lectures and PowerPoint presentations are commonly used when teaching secondary social studies, yet these methods continually prove to be boring for most high school students and neglect to teach critical thinking skills. Student-centered methods are different than teacher-centered methods because these methods incorporate several learning styles, cooperative activities, and even technology in order to engage the student and promote critical thinking skills. Critical thinking is important for students to master because it gives them the skills to move past the obvious and make individual connections with the text. The intent of this thesis was to explore the effectiveness of integrating student-centered methods in high school social studies classrooms as a means of promoting critical thinking skills. All students were given the same pretest and posttests. Students were divided into three groups: one was taught using student-centered methods, one was taught using teacher-centered methods, and one was the control group and was not directly taught by anyone. Based on analyzing students' posttest scores compared to their pre-test scores, student-centered teaching produced a higher average score increase, though all methods had students who scored higher, and students whose scores remained constant. Evidence and student feedback showed that continued future research should be conducted to see if student-centered methods should be used throughout all secondary social studies classrooms to promote critical thinking.
Sayre, Elaine, "Integrating Student-Centered Learning to Promote Critical Thinking in High School Social Studies Classrooms" (2013). HIM 1990-2015. 1508.


Infused with an aromatherapy blend of Ho Wood Oil, Ylang Ylang, Bergamot and Clary sage, this candle creates a grounding space to unwind and take a deep breath. Pause for a moment and let the scent relax and restore inner peace.
It is hand poured in the UK from 100% natural plant wax.
The container is made from recycled glass.
Please burn for 2 hours minimum at first to prevent tunnelling. Always trim wick the wick to maintain a clean burn. Keep away from children, pets and soft furnishings.


text:
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The day begins with a chance to view the Women in the Garden City exhibition, which will include costumes.
This will be followed by a visit to the museum store with curator Vicky Rawlings, to look at Edmund Hunter�s weavings. Hunter moved his business from Haslemere in Surrey to Letchworth in 1908. The company produced woven textiles, mostly in silk, for private clients who included St Paul�s Cathedral, Westminster Abbey and Buckingham Palace. The company closed in the 1930�s.
12.30 � Back to museum. Bring packed lunch.
1.30 � 3.30 Vicky will give a 15 minute introductory talk to the Garden City Movement. We will learn about Ebenezer Howard, the founder of the first garden city. The museum is housed in an Arts & Crafts building, the office of architect Barry Parker, who with Raymond Unwin designed a master plan for the first Garden City.and went onto to become the major pioneers of town planning in Britain.
Vicky has kindly offered to take us on a walk around Letchworth to look at the architecture and Edmund Hunter�s weaving works. She is hoping to be able to get access to Edmund Hunter�s house (extra � hour). There are plenty of seats en route for resting, and Letchworth is very flat, but wear your walking shoes.
This visit is limited to a maximum of 15 people.
There are frequent trains from Kings Cross to Letchworth , the journey taking approximately 30 minutes. The station is 5 minutes walk from the museum. The store is a 10 min car ride away, so please advise if you are coming by car and can offer a lift to members who are arriving by public transport. By car A1(M) junction 9 or 10.


Abstract Spermatogenesis is a complex and controlled process in which Sertoli cells play a key role. In the testis, endocrine, paracrine and autocrine mechanisms that control spermatogenesis occurrence. The Sertoli cells synthesize substances which are essential for these mechanisms. Among them is transferrin. This protein is an important iron transporter that binds Fe+3 ions and transports them to cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis. It has been demonstrated that testicular transferrin constitutes 5% of all proteins secreted by Sertoli cells. In addition, it is a reliable instrument of investigation of the function and maturity of these cells, both in vitro and in vivo (Holmes et al., 1982; 1984). Tranferrin secreted by Sertoli cells is internalized by germ cell lineage through receptor-mediated endocytosis. It was recently demonstrated that, in addition to transport iron, transferrin exert antiapoptotic activity through Fas/FasL route, shows high antioxidant activity and play important role against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although the Sertoli cells are considered the most resistant cell in the testis, they can be affected by germ cell damage or death. Studies showed that after apoptotic germ cell death, caused by gamma irradiation, Sertoli cell function is harmed. Apoptosis is responsible for germ cell number in the seminiferous epithelium under normal and adverse conditions. In normal conditions, apoptosis controls the number of germ cells that Sertoli cells are able to support. In addition to radiation, other adverse situations can interfere with germ cell apoptosis frequency. Chemotherapic drugs, e. g., provoke accentuated increase of germ cell apoptosis in the testis. Spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes are the main target of these drugs, because they undergo continuous mitosis and meiosis, respectively. Etoposide is an efficient chemotherapeutic drug administered against a large variety of malignant neoplasms. However, in spite of its beneficial effects against cancer, some reports have emphasized its toxicity, such as myelotoxicity and loss of fertility, on mammal. In fact, this drug might cause germ cell apoptosis and consequent severe depletion of seminiferous epithelium may occur in post-treated patients. Studies have shown that Sertoli cells play key role in etoposide action in the testis, because these cells express MRP1, a protein located in their basal plasma membrane. This protein functions as a bomb, which transports drugs, that entered Sertoli cells, back to the extracellular compartment. Furthermore, in addition to germ cell death, we observed a significant increase of numerical density of the Sertoli cells occurred in 64 day-old rats treated with etoposide in prepubertal phase. This phenomenon was surprising, since etoposide is mainly known to interfere with topoisomerase II, an important enzyme engaged in DNA replication and particularly abundant in cells undergoing rapid division; otherwise, this phenomenon does not normally occur in Sertoli cells at the studied age. Thus, based on Sertoli cell number alteration observed in our recently published work and considering the controversy about the action of the chemotherapeutic drugs on Sertoli cells, we decided to investigate Sertoli cell function and morphology in rats treated with etoposide during the prepubertal phase to assess a possible direct action of etoposide on Sertoli cells. Prepubertal 25 day-old albino Wistar rats were treated with the total dose of 40mg/Kg of etoposide. This dose was fractioned in eight doses of 5mg/Kg/day, which were administered during eight consecutive days. In this study we also investigated a possible cytoprotector action of iron-free transferrin (apotransferrin) on seminiferous epithelium. Thus, three apotransferrin doses were utilized: 0.1mg, 0.5mg and 1.0mg. Apotransferrin was administered: 24h before etoposide treatment beginning (i.e., when rats were 24-day-old), 30 minutes before each etoposide injection and 24h after the last etoposide injection. Thus, the rats were distributed in 14 groups: six treated only with etoposide; five controls treated with 0.9% saline solution; three treated with etoposide + apotranferrin. The control groups and five groups treated only with etoposide were sacrificed in different periods after the end of the treatment: 12h and 13, 32, 95 and 148 days. Each of these groups was composed by 13 rats; the testes of 10 rats were removed, processed for inclusion in paraffin and submitted to intratesticular transferrin labeling and to PAS+H method for Sertoli cell function and morphology, respectively. The testes of the other three rats were perfusion-fixed with 2.0% formaldehyde + 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution for ultrastructural analysis of Sertoli cell morphology under transmission electron microscope (TEM). The last group treated only with etoposide and the groups treated with etoposide + apotransferrin had five rats each and were sacrificed when they were 64-day-old. This age was chosen for transferrin protection investigation because, at this age, the rats showed the most accentuated alterations in the seminiferous epithelium after etoposide treatment. These rats were sacrificed and their testes were processed for paraffin embedding and stained with PAS+H for histopathological and morphometric analyses. In the control groups, accentuated transferrin labeling in the seminiferous epithelium was observed. In general, the etoposide-treated groups showed accentuated reduction of transferrin labeling in the seminiferous epithelium. This reduction caused diminution of volume density of transferrin labeled testicular tissue in all groups, except for the prepubertal. There was no difference in the interstitial tissue transferrin labeling among control and etoposide-treated groups; all groups showed accentuated labeling of this tissue. These data indicate that etoposide provoked alteration of Sertoli cell function, causing reduction of transferrin synthesis by this cell. However etoposide did not affected global transferrin production. During analysis under light microscope, morphological alteration of Sertoli cell nuclei were observed in the etoposide-treated groups; these cells did not show evident nucleoli. Sertoli cell nuclei in the tubular lumen were also observed. The analysis under TEM confirmed that etoposide causes accentuated Sertoli cell morphological alteration in all etoposide-treated groups. Some Sertoli cells showed degenerative characteristics and other cells showed morphological features of immature Sertoli cells, which were not compatible with the studied ages. All the morphological alterations observed in this study suggest the etoposide exert activity directly on Sertoli cell. This study also showed that, under the experimental conditions here utilized, apotransferrin did not protect the seminiferous epithelium against harmful effects of etoposide.
A espermatogênese é um processo altamente complexo e minuciosamente controlado por uma série de mecanismos bioquímicos e hormonais. No testículo, uma série de mecanismos endócrinos, parácrinos e autócrinos fornecem um microambiente adequado para a ocorrência da espermatogênese. A célula de Sertoli exerce papel fundamental nestes mecanismos através da síntese de substâncias essenciais para a espermatogênese. Dentre elas, está a transferrina que é a proteína secretada em maior quantidade por esta célula. Esta proteína é responsável pelo carreamento de íons triférricos (Fe3+) destinados às células da linhagem germinativa e representa um dos melhores marcadores da função das células de Sertoli. Foi demonstrado recentemente que a transferrina é dotada de atividade antiapoptótica atuando na via Fas/FasL da apoptose causada, além de apresentar alto poder antioxidante e atua na defesa do organismo contra espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs). Embora as células de Sertoli sejam consideradas as mais resistentes do epitélio seminífero, elas podem sofrer alterações quando as células germinativas são danificadas ou quando há morte destas células. A apoptose é um tipo de morte celular programada que funciona como um meio controlador do número de células germinativas que as células de Sertoli são capazes de sustentar. São inúmeros os fatores que podem atuar diretamente sobre as células da linhagem germinativa, provocando morte apoptótica dessas células. Dentre estes agentes podem ser citados e os quimioterápicos. Nos testículos, as espermatogônias e os espermatócitos primários são os principais alvos dos quimioterápicos, pois são células em constante atividade mitótica e meiótica, respectivamente. O etoposide é um quimioterápico semi-sintético derivado da podofilotoxina, largamente utilizado em diversos programas de quimioterapia, inclusive em oncologia pediátrica. Sabe-se que este quimioterápico é dotado de comprovado potencial indutor de morte das células germinativas por apoptose. Alguns estudos demonstraram que a célula de Sertoli exerce papel fundamental na atuação do etoposide sobre o epitélio seminífero através da expressão de proteínas de membrana que funcionam como uma bomba, transportando a droga para fora da célula e impedindo que ela atinja as células alojadas no compartimento adluminal. Estudos prévios realizados por nosso grupo, os quais utilizaram ratos tratados durante a fase pré-púbere mostraram que o etoposide é um potente agressor testicular, causando acentuada diminuição da altura do epitélio seminífero, do diâmetro tubular e morte das células germinativas, por apoptose. Além dos danos às células germinativas, alterações numéricas das células de Sertoli também foram observadas, o que estimulou o estudo mais aprofundado dos efeitos do tratamento com o etoposide sobre os testículos de animais pré-púberes no que diz respeito à célula de Sertoli. Para a investigação da ação do etoposide sobre as células de Sertoli, ratos pré-púberes com 25 dias de idade foram tratados com a dose total de 40mg de etoposide por quilograma de peso corpóreo. Esta dose foi fracionada em 8 doses de 5mg/Kg diárias. Neste estudo investigouse também a possível ação protetora da transferrina sobre o epitélio seminífero: para isto, três doses diferentes de transferrina livre de ferro (apotransferrina) foram administradas 24h antes do início do tratamento com etoposide, 30 min antes de cada injeção diária desta droga e 24h depois do fim do tratamento quimioterápico. Desta forma, os animais foram distribuídos em 14 grupos: 6 tratados somente com etoposide, três tratados com etoposide + transferrina e cinco controles, que receberam solução fisiológica. Os grupos controles e cinco dos seis grupos tratados somente com etoposide foram sacrificados em diferentes períodos após o fim do tratamento: 12h e 13, 32, 95 e 148 dias. Cada um destes grupos constou de 13 animais: os testículos de 10 animais foram retirados, processados para inclusão em parafina e submetidos à marcação da transferrina intratesticular e à técnica histoquímica PAS + H para investigação, respectivamente, do estado funcional e da morfologia das células de Sertoli. Os três animais restantes de cada um destes grupos foram submetidos à perfusão via cardíaca com uma solução de glutaraldeído 2,5% + formaldeído 2,0% e tiveram os testículos retirados e processados para análise ao microscópio eletrônico de transmissão, com o objetivo de investigar a morfologia das células de Sertoli. O grupo restante dentre os tratados somente com etoposide e os grupos tratados com etoposide + transferrina constaram de 5 animais cada. Estes animais foram sacrificados aos 64 dias de idade. Esta idade foi escolhida para investigar a possível proteção do epitélio seminífero pela transferrina porque, nesta idade, este epitélio apresentou as mais acentuadas alterações após tratamento com etoposide. Após o sacrifício, os testículos destes animais foram processados para inclusão em parafina e submetidos à técnica histoquímica PAS + H para posterior análise histopatológica e morfométrica. Nos grupos controles, acentuada marcação de transferrina foi observada no epitélio seminífero. No geral, os grupos tratados com etoposide apresentaram acentuada redução da marcação da transferrina no epitélio seminífero. Esta redução fez com que a densidade de volume de tecido testicular marcado nos grupos tratados com etoposide também fosse diminuída, exceto pelo grupo pré-púbere E32. O tecido intersticial foi fortemente marcado tanto nos grupos controles, como nos tratados com etoposide, não havendo diferença na marcação deste tecido entre estes grupos. Estes dados indicam que o etoposide atuou sobre a função da célula de Sertoli, causando redução da síntese de transferrina por esta célula, mas não alterou a secreção global de transferrina. Durante a análise das células de Sertoli ao microscópio de luz, alterações morfológicas e de posição nucleares como não evidenciação do nucléolo e presença de núcleos na luz tubular. A análise ao microscópio eletrônico de transmissão confirmou que o etoposide causou acentuadas alterações morfológicas das células de Sertoli em todas as idades analisadas. Algumas células apresentaram características degenerativas e outras mostraram características de células imaturas, incompatíveis com as idades analisadas. As alterações morfológicas observadas sugerem que o etoposide, além de atuar noas espermatogônias e espermatócitos, pode agir diretamente sobre as células de Sertoli. Neste estudo observou-se também, que, nas condições experimentais aqui utilizadas, a apotransferrina não foi capaz de proteger o epitélio seminífero contra os efeitos deletérios do etoposide.
Published in TEIXEIRA, Taiza Stumpp. ESTUDO MORFOFUNCIONAL DAS CÉLULAS DE SERTOLI DE RATOS ALBINOS TRATADOS COM ETOPOSIDE NA FASE PRÉ-PÚBERE. 2006. Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 2006.


text:
package com.example.downloadpdf;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ActivityNotFoundException;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	//Button download;
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        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
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        Uri path = Uri.fromFile(pdfFile);
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        pdfIntent.setDataAndType(path, "application/pdf");
        pdfIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);

        try{
            startActivity(pdfIntent);
        }catch(ActivityNotFoundException e){
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "No Application available to view PDF", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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    }

    private class DownloadFile extends AsyncTask<String, Void, Void>{

        @Override
        protected Void doInBackground(String... strings) {
            String fileUrl = strings[0];   // -> http://maven.apache.org/maven-1.x/maven.pdf
            String fileName = strings[1];  // -> maven.pdf
            String extStorageDirectory = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().toString();
            File folder = new File(extStorageDirectory, "Cupones Ofertop");
            folder.mkdir();

            File pdfFile = new File(folder, fileName);

            try{
                pdfFile.createNewFile();
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                e.printStackTrace();
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            return null;
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}


text:
Mechanism of impairment of long-term potentiation by amyloid β is independent of NMDA receptors or voltage-dependent calcium channels in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons
Izumi Nomura, Nobuo Kato, Toru Kita, Hajime Takechi
Dementia and Geriatric Medicine
β-Amyloid peptide (Aβ) is known to be involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the fibril form of Aβ is known to have neurotoxicity, it has been shown that not only the fibril form but also the oligomer form of Aβ may be related to the neuropathophysiology of AD, specifically to memory loss. Some studies have demonstrated that low concentrations of the Aβ oligomer impair long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular model for learning and memory, after short exposure times in vivo and in vitro, although little is known about the mechanism involved in Aβ-mediated inhibition of LTP. In this study, we used the patch clamp whole-cell technique in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons to study more precisely how the Aβ oligomer affects synaptic plasticity. The brief perfusion of slices with a low concentration (1 μM) of Aβ1-42 significantly impaired LTP induction of the excitatory input. The same concentration of Aβ did not affect basal transmission or paired-pulse facilitation. We also demonstrated that neither NMDAR-EPSCs nor the voltage-depended calcium channel (VDCC) currents were affected by the same concentration of Aβ1-42 as used in the LTP experiments. These data suggest that Aβ mediated impairment of LTP induction is independent of NMDARs or VDCCs.
Neuroscience Letters
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.08.024
Neuronal Plasticity
Nomura, I., Kato, N., Kita, T., & Takechi, H. (2005). Mechanism of impairment of long-term potentiation by amyloid β is independent of NMDA receptors or voltage-dependent calcium channels in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Neuroscience Letters, 391(1-2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.08.024
Nomura, Izumi ; Kato, Nobuo ; Kita, Toru ; Takechi, Hajime. / Mechanism of impairment of long-term potentiation by amyloid β is independent of NMDA receptors or voltage-dependent calcium channels in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. In: Neuroscience Letters. 2005 ; Vol. 391, No. 1-2. pp. 1-6.
@article{720e93eca90c46bfbfcdca4a9229739a,
title = "Mechanism of impairment of long-term potentiation by amyloid β is independent of NMDA receptors or voltage-dependent calcium channels in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons",
abstract = "β-Amyloid peptide (Aβ) is known to be involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the fibril form of Aβ is known to have neurotoxicity, it has been shown that not only the fibril form but also the oligomer form of Aβ may be related to the neuropathophysiology of AD, specifically to memory loss. Some studies have demonstrated that low concentrations of the Aβ oligomer impair long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular model for learning and memory, after short exposure times in vivo and in vitro, although little is known about the mechanism involved in Aβ-mediated inhibition of LTP. In this study, we used the patch clamp whole-cell technique in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons to study more precisely how the Aβ oligomer affects synaptic plasticity. The brief perfusion of slices with a low concentration (1 μM) of Aβ1-42 significantly impaired LTP induction of the excitatory input. The same concentration of Aβ did not affect basal transmission or paired-pulse facilitation. We also demonstrated that neither NMDAR-EPSCs nor the voltage-depended calcium channel (VDCC) currents were affected by the same concentration of Aβ1-42 as used in the LTP experiments. These data suggest that Aβ mediated impairment of LTP induction is independent of NMDARs or VDCCs.",
author = "Izumi Nomura and Nobuo Kato and Toru Kita and Hajime Takechi",
doi = "10.1016/j.neulet.2005.08.024",
journal = "Neuroscience Letters",
Nomura, I, Kato, N, Kita, T & Takechi, H 2005, 'Mechanism of impairment of long-term potentiation by amyloid β is independent of NMDA receptors or voltage-dependent calcium channels in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons', Neuroscience Letters, vol. 391, no. 1-2, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.08.024
Mechanism of impairment of long-term potentiation by amyloid β is independent of NMDA receptors or voltage-dependent calcium channels in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. / Nomura, Izumi; Kato, Nobuo; Kita, Toru; Takechi, Hajime.
In: Neuroscience Letters, Vol. 391, No. 1-2, 31.12.2005, p. 1-6.
T1 - Mechanism of impairment of long-term potentiation by amyloid β is independent of NMDA receptors or voltage-dependent calcium channels in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons
AU - Nomura, Izumi
AU - Kato, Nobuo
AU - Kita, Toru
AU - Takechi, Hajime
N2 - β-Amyloid peptide (Aβ) is known to be involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the fibril form of Aβ is known to have neurotoxicity, it has been shown that not only the fibril form but also the oligomer form of Aβ may be related to the neuropathophysiology of AD, specifically to memory loss. Some studies have demonstrated that low concentrations of the Aβ oligomer impair long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular model for learning and memory, after short exposure times in vivo and in vitro, although little is known about the mechanism involved in Aβ-mediated inhibition of LTP. In this study, we used the patch clamp whole-cell technique in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons to study more precisely how the Aβ oligomer affects synaptic plasticity. The brief perfusion of slices with a low concentration (1 μM) of Aβ1-42 significantly impaired LTP induction of the excitatory input. The same concentration of Aβ did not affect basal transmission or paired-pulse facilitation. We also demonstrated that neither NMDAR-EPSCs nor the voltage-depended calcium channel (VDCC) currents were affected by the same concentration of Aβ1-42 as used in the LTP experiments. These data suggest that Aβ mediated impairment of LTP induction is independent of NMDARs or VDCCs.
AB - β-Amyloid peptide (Aβ) is known to be involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the fibril form of Aβ is known to have neurotoxicity, it has been shown that not only the fibril form but also the oligomer form of Aβ may be related to the neuropathophysiology of AD, specifically to memory loss. Some studies have demonstrated that low concentrations of the Aβ oligomer impair long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular model for learning and memory, after short exposure times in vivo and in vitro, although little is known about the mechanism involved in Aβ-mediated inhibition of LTP. In this study, we used the patch clamp whole-cell technique in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons to study more precisely how the Aβ oligomer affects synaptic plasticity. The brief perfusion of slices with a low concentration (1 μM) of Aβ1-42 significantly impaired LTP induction of the excitatory input. The same concentration of Aβ did not affect basal transmission or paired-pulse facilitation. We also demonstrated that neither NMDAR-EPSCs nor the voltage-depended calcium channel (VDCC) currents were affected by the same concentration of Aβ1-42 as used in the LTP experiments. These data suggest that Aβ mediated impairment of LTP induction is independent of NMDARs or VDCCs.
U2 - 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.08.024
DO - 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.08.024
JO - Neuroscience Letters
JF - Neuroscience Letters
Nomura I, Kato N, Kita T, Takechi H. Mechanism of impairment of long-term potentiation by amyloid β is independent of NMDA receptors or voltage-dependent calcium channels in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Neuroscience Letters. 2005 Dec 31;391(1-2):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.08.024


Current Events, Will Durst commentary on 'Giving Governors a bad name'.
LA writer Bruce Braunstein talks about the late Sci-Fi legend Forrest J. Ackerman.
Bruce Braunstein talks about his recent LA Times editorial on California water politics, and Vincent Rincon gives a first hand account of the Van Halen reunion tour.


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Lot. Montcabrier. A pretty village house with 3 bedrooms, an attached barn and a separate Gite with 1 bed., Lot, Occitanie
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Property Details: 4 Bedroom House, Puy-l'Évêque, Lot, Occitanie
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France Property Shop ID: 569861
Reference: SR-220
This is a lovely property, situated in a peaceful location, on the very edge of a small and pretty,13th century walled village in the Lot Valley. Approaching the property along the village lane, the house, with its painted blue shutters, climbers on the walls and potted geraniums on the window sills offers a charming and peaceful haven with outstanding views from the terrace of its gardens and the surrounding countryside. Entering from the terrace into the welcoming and homely kitchen, with its range cooker, central island unit, Belfast sink and space for fridge and dishwasher. The kitchen leads through to a spacious lounge/dining area with a beautiful granite-floor. This lovely, bright room is dual aspect with glazed doors to the terrace and garden and with views over the village green. The lounge with its large, traditional fireplace with open fire, making it a cosy room in the winter months. From the lounge the staircase leads up to a spacious attic bedroom and walk-in storage area. This has good potential for dividing and creating another bedroom and/or shower-room. There are two further good-sized double bedrooms on the ground floor, a charming and spacious family bathroom with corner bath and shower, and a separate shower room opposite the second bedroom. There is a small utility area off the hallway which links the house to the barn. This has plumbing for a washing machine and also contains the trapdoor which leads to an earth-floored wine cellar. In addition to the open fireplace in the lounge, the house is heated by oil central heating and it is connected to mains water and drainage. The lovely big, old stone barn, 70m2, is a fantastic space with a full height of 6 metres The barn has recently been renovated by the present owner to provide a space for a thriving little cafe and is in excellent order. It offers further potential for conversion, perhaps a 2nd Gite, a studio/gallery space, small restaurant , increase the overall living space of the property or expansion of the cafe. There are wooden double doors giving access on one side to the village lane and on the other to the gardens. It also has a large and very useful, rainwater storage tank The house overlooks a mature garden, full of fragrant and colourful plants and productive fruit trees. An above ground pool surrounded by a wisteria hedge offers a peaceful and private spot to cool off and take in the views. The garden has a lower enclosed lawn, ideal for a vegetable patch or space for the installation of a larger pool. Nestled in the garden, with its own separate entrance, is the beautiful little Guest Cottage, at present, rented out regularly by the present owner as a Gîte , imaginatively arranged to include a bedroom area, sitting area, kitchen with table for dining and a modern shower room with WC. A woodburning stove keeps it cosy in the Winter months. It has its own pretty garden area and terrace The perfect spot for relaxation and al fresco dining. Gîte furniture and fittings to be included in the Sale, so ready for immediate rental. The village, built from the local honey-coloured limestone and with commanding views over the surrounding countryside, sits alongside the route of the Camino de Santiago and is an attractive spot for passing walkers following the pilgrim route of Saint-Jacques de Compostelle. This little village has its own Artisan Bakery, with some of the best bread in the area, and the small Epicerie is a welcome rest stop. Amenities, such as doctor, dentist, vet and supermarket, are all within a 15 minute drive. This pretty village, dominated by its church in the square, attracts a number of classical concerts throughout the season. A highlight of the Summer is the large Vide Grenier,which attracts both traders and locals, who set up their stalls around the village, selling their wares and enjoying their picnic lunches. A fantastic day out in a beautiful setting! The village is situated in the heart of the Lot Valley, which is rich in variety, with its un-spoilt,natural scenery, its many woodland walks, hiking and biking trails and it's vineyards along the river producing the famous Malbec, the black wine of Cahors. The stunning historic monument, 'Chateau de Bonaguil', which dates back to the 13th century is a popular attraction in the region and is only a 15 minute drive from the village, Close to the Dordogne border (30 minutes drive) the property is well placed to enjoy the many attractions of both departments. Railway Stations at Monsempron-Libos (16km) and Cahors (40km) provide links with Bordeaux to the west and from Cahors to Paris and Toulouse. There are airports at Bergerac (70km), Brive (116km) and Toulouse (132km). The A20 motorway can be accessed north of Cahors (50km). A very attractive and desirable property, viewing highly recommended! dont 6.00 % honoraires TTC à la charge de l'acquéreur.
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Our fourth speaker in the New Now Next series this year is an architect, urbanist and designer. Kunlé Adayemi's talk will look at the growing relationship between water and cities, in the age of urbanization and climate change. Adayemi will present NLÉ's research and projects that begin to address the challenges and opportunities.
The talk will be chaired by Yeoryia Manolopoulou. Manolopoulou is an architect, educator and researcher. She is founder of the studio AY Architects and Director of Research at the Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL, where she teaches postgraduate design in Unit 17. AY Architects were mid-listed for the Stirling Prize, awarded a RIBA National Award and won the Stephen Lawrence Prize for their Montpelier Community Nursery in 2013. Yeoryia is also the author of Architectures of Chance (Ashgate, 2013) and was shortlisted for the AJ Emerging Woman Architect of the Year Award in 2014.
New Now Next Agents for Change 2015 is our the third year working with sponsors Arup. New Now Next is about bringing world leading architects to Dublin to discuss innovative research, design and how we can go about transforming the built environment.
Please bring a print out of your ticket or show us your confirmation email on the evening. Arrive early as seating is limited, we appreciate your understanding if circumstances beyond our control don't guarantee your place.


text:
CSC 469/569 HOMEWORK 1
Karthik Chandrasekaran
1. Part 1
Answer the following problems from page 67 of the class text : R1, R4, R5, R8, R9, R11,
R12.
R1.
Host system is any networked computer that provides services to other systems or users. These
services may include but are not limited to printer, web or database access.
Computers that are connected to the Internet are sometimes referred to as End Systems. They are
labeled end systems because they sit at the edge of the Internet. The end user always interacts with
the end systems.
HFC transmission rate is shared among users as the signal is broadcasted in HFC transmission. Collisions
are not possible in downstream transmissions because each signal used different bandwidth frequency.
Unshielded twisted pairs and fiber optics are the two commonly used physical medium for ethernet.
Dial-up – 56 kbps
DSL - 256 kilobits per second (kbit/s) to 24,000 kbit/s
HFC – Cable modem speeds vary widely. While cable modem technology can theoretically support
up to about 30 Mbps, most providers offer service with between 1 Mbps and 6 Mbps bandwidth for
downloads, and bandwidth between 128 Kbps and 768 Kbps for uploads.
Circuit-switching is more reliable than packet-switching. When you have a circuit dedicated for a
session, you are sure to get all information across. When you use a circuit which is open for other
services, then there is a big possibility of congestion (which is for a network what a traffic jam is for
the road), and hence the delays or even packet loss.
On demand sharing of resources for data transmission that does not have a fixed pattern is referred
as statistical multiplexing.
1. Other than conventional computers, (i.e. computers such as laptops, personal
computers, minicomputers and mainframes and supercomputers), what other types of
devices can appear as nodes in a computer network? (Name at least three).
Printers, Smartphone's, PDA's and embedded computers in autos like GPS and in home security
systems can be part of computer networks other than the conventional computers.
2. Explain what it means for a communication link to fall into the unguided media
category, and list two types of unguided media links.
Unguided transmission media are those media which can make a transmission without any physical
medium on other word Unguided Transmission Media consists of a means for the data signals to
travel but nothing to guide them along a specific path ,like satellite signals, wireless network routers,
blueooth etc.
3. List the three different types of guided media that are commonly employed as to
implement links in computer networks.
Guided Transmission Media uses cables that guide the data signals along a specific path. The data
signals are bound by the "cabling" system. Guided Media is also known as Bound Media.
Three commonly used guided media types in computer networks are:
4. Define the notions of simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex transmission.
Simplex is a type of data transmission where data travels in only one direction.
Half-Duplex is a type of data transmission where data travels in both directions, but the transmission
is only one way at a time.
Full-Duplex Duplex is a type of data transmission where data travels in both directions at the same
time over one line.
5. Twisted pairs are used a lot in both data and voice communications.
(1) Why does it require a pair of wires to carry a signal from a sender to a receiver?
Signal transmission in data and voice communications requires 2 wires to complete a circuit of
positive and negative signals.
(2) Why are the two wires that carry the signal twisted together?
In a duplex channel the circuits can produce Electro Magnetic Interference. Twisting the wires
greatly reduces the EMI in a circuit from external sources.
(3) If you pull the telephone wire out of a telephone handset and examine the connector,
you will see 4 contacts, suggesting that the cable to the telephone consists of 4 wires, that
is, two twisted pairs. Why are there two twisted pairs instead of only one?
A telephone transmits data in both directions in duplex channel. So it requires 2 pairs of wires to
form 2 circuits one for transmitting and other for receiving.
(4) The telephone wiring in residential homes is made up of four pairs of twisted pair,
even though a telephone uses only two of those pairs? What are the two extra twisted
pairs for?
The telephone wiring in residential homes are made up of four pairs. 2 pairs are used for voice
transmission and the other 2 pairs are used for supporting data transmission via DSL technology for
a computer network.
6. What is the difference between RJ 11 and RJ 45 cable?
RJ-11 is the standard physical connector interface most often used for telephone wire terminals.
The RJ-45 connector is the standard physical connector for Ethernet, ISDN, T1, and modern digital
telephone systems.
RJ-11 is 2-pair (4-wire) connector wiring which comes in two standard varieties- untwisted and
Unshielded Twisted Pair.
RJ-45 is a 4-pair (8-wire) Unshielded Twisted Pair cable.
7. Expand the following networking acronyms, and state briefly how the concepts
denoted by the acronyms differ from each other.
(1) LAN – Local Area Network
(2) WAN – Wide Area Network
(3) MAN – Metropolitan Area Network
(4) PAN – Personal Area Network
Personal Area Network (PAN)
Personal area network
PAN is a computer network used for communication among computer devices close to one person.
Some examples of devices that are used in a PAN are printers, fax machines, telephones, PDAs and
scanners. The reach of a PAN is typically about 20-30 feet (approximately 6-9 meters).
Local Area Network (LAN)
Local Area Network
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a computer network covering a small physical area, like a home,
office, or small group of buildings, such as a school, or an airport. Current LANs are most likely to
be based on Ethernet technology.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Metropolitan Area Network
A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a network that connects two or more LAN's together within
the city/town limit. Routers, switches and hubs are connected to create a Metropolitan Area
Network.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Wide Area Network
A WAN is a data communications network that covers a relatively larger geographic area (i.e. one
city to another and one country to another country) and that often uses transmission facilities
provided by carriers such as telephone lines, fiber optic lines etc.
8. Explain what Bluetooth is.
Bluetooth is a wireless protocol technology used for exchanging data over short distances from fixed
and mobile devices. Bluetooth creates Personal Area Network. Bluetooth technology helps to connect
and exchange information between devices such as mobile phones, telephones, laptops, personal
computers, printers, Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, digital cameras, and video game
consoles through short-range radio frequency bandwidth.
9. Explain the concept of a network topology, and list the four topologies most frequently
used in computer networks.
Topology refers to the shape of a network's layout. In a network, how the nodes are connected to
each other and how they communicate with each other is determined by the network's topology.
Four commonly used topologies are :
1. Mesh Topology
2. Start Topology
3. Bus Topology
4. Ring Topology
10. Explain what is meant when we say that a link is point-to-point.
Point-to-Point topology connects two nodes directly together. For example, a dial-up connection to an
Internet Service Provider (ISP) uses a point-to-point protocol (PPP) connection. There is a modem at
the customer end and one at the the provider points which are linked directly.
11. How does a computer network differ from an internetwork?
A computer network is a group of interconnected computers. The network allows computers to
communicate with each other and share resources and information.
An Internetwork involves connecting two or more distinct computer networks or network segments
via a common routing technology. The result is called an internetwork (often shortened to internet).
12. What do we mean when we say that a machine is multi-homed?
Multi-homed computer is a host connected to two or more networks or having two or more network
addresses. For example, a network server may be connected to a serial line and a LAN or to multiple
LANs.
7 components of a network
AD Twisted Pair Adapter - Surveillance
Twisted Pair Ethernet Bridge
Technical Issues of 100Mbit/s Ethernet Transmission based


text:
Best Fairy Tales, Folk Tales & Myths Books for 9 Year Olds
Here are the top 30 fairy tales, folk tales & myths books for 9 year olds. Please click Read Review to read book reviews on Amazon. You can also click Find in Library to check book availability at your local library. If the default library is not correct, please follow Change Local Library to reset it.
3. The Girl Who Saved Yesterday
by: Julius Lester, Carl Angel
When the girl, Silence, is sent by the trees to save Yesterday, she doesn't know what her task is, only that it is important. Returning to the village that cast her out, Silence recognizes her purpose: to join the dead with the living in an act that celebrates their memory.
Children's Books > Growing Up & Facts of Life > Difficult Discussions > Death & Dying
5. Ravenheart (Ravenheart Series)
by: K. A. Thomas
The power of the Creator God is dead. His pendant lies dormant, forgotten inside the altar of a temple dedicated to worshiping statues and demons. Few know of a prophecy and a girl who might not only awaken the blessed pendant, but also a power so evil and deadly it could destroy the world. Ayla, a human child raised by dwarfs, must solve the mystery of the pendant before a spoiled prince and devious priestess crush a kingdom's hopes forever.
Children's Books > Growing Up & Facts of Life > Friendship, Social Skills & School Life > Girls & Women
7. The Banyan Deer: A Parable of Courage and Compassion
by: Rafe Martin, Richard Wehrman
Release date: Apr 10, 2010
This inspiring tale reminds us that no one can be truly at peace unless all beings have a chance for peace, freedom, and happiness. The Banyan Deer is a wonderful, heart-warming gift for anyone who loves a great story. This beautiful hardcover edition will delight both adults and children alike.
8. Buried Treasures of the Pacific Northwest
by: W.C. Jameson
Do Native Americans know the location of the cursed "Lost Gold of Devil's Sink"? Did Sir Francis Drake bury millions of dollars' worth of ancient Incan treasures? Has anyone found the box of gold coins buried by a reputed giant in the Washington rain forest? Is there a noble family's fortune buried near an old log cabin in the Cascades? The Pacific Northwest provides a picturesque backdrop for these stories as it stretches from the rugged coastline east over the snowy mountains and into the vast plateau that leads to Idaho. For over a century, outlaws, prospectors, Russians, Indians, loners, soldiers, and immigrants have thrown themselves into all of the adventure and intrigue money can buy.
Children's Books > History > United States > State & Local
10. The Best of Grimm's Fairy Tales: In Modern Language
11. Tales of King Arthur: King Arthur and the Round Table (Books of Wonder)
by: Hudson Talbott, Hudson Talbott
As a lad of only sixteen years, Arthur pulled the sword from the stone and thus became High King of all Britain. But scarcely has he begun to arrange his court when twelve of the country's lesser kings, jealous of Arthur's glory, declare war on him.
Culminating in the Battle of Bedegraine, this war is fateful in more ways than one–for not only does it secure Arthur's place among his people, it also unites his destiny with that of Lady Guinevere.
In this, the second volume of his Tales of King Arthur series, Hudson Talbott masterfully retells the saga of Arthur's early days as leader of Britain, his building of Camelot, and the dedication of the Round Table–a unique brotherhood of knights devoted to unity and peace.
Hudson Talbott's thrilling text and dazzling paintings bring this tale of heroism, romance, and pageantry to life. The scenes of daring battle and the splendor of Arthur's court are re, produced here in glorious full color for readers to turn to again and again.
Children's Books > Fairy Tales, Folk Tales & Myths > Arthurian
12. The Boy & His Mud Horses: & Other Stories from the Tipi
13. Native Ways: California Indian Stories and Memories
by: Malcolm Margolin, Yolanda Montijo, Malcolm Margolin, Yolanda Montijo
California Indians vividly describe various aspects of traditional and contemporary Indian life, in a clear, easy-to-read style. With eighty photographs, index, map of Native California, and listing of California Indian resources.
Native Ways has been approved by the California Department of Education and is listed in the Instructional Materials Approved for Legal Compliance Catalog.
15. The Sweet Adventures of Henry P. Twist
by: B. W. Van Alstyne
For Forty-five years master pastry chef, Henry Peppermint Twist worked for one of the world's largest factories, Brackmeyer Sweets, in Apfeldorf Germany. But things quickly turned sour for Henry and nearly four thousand workers as the aged and frail founder retires, leaving his evil and greedy son, Charles B. Brackmeyer Jr., to become the new president. Brackmeyer, whose goal it is to get rid of the dead weight – by which he means "old" people – and replace them with machines.
Henry loses his job and, with nowhere else to go, finds lodgings in a dilapidated retirement home in the countryside. Feeling miserable, old and useless, and wondering just what he will do, he meets a strange little man dressed in brightly colored clothes. The little man tells Henry of a wonderful place where he will never grow older; a place where he can be young and useful once again. He convinces Henry to follow him to this magical place where time moves differently and everything is edible – the Sweet Lands. As Henry starts a new life there, however, he soon learns that even in the Sweet Lands there may be danger lurking around the corner.
In this novella for middle readers, an elderly pastry chef rediscovers his youth in a land of faerie myth and magic.
17. Little Book of Fables (Groundwood Books)
by: Veronica Uribe, Constanza Bravo
With humorous illustrations and lively language, this book offers new versions of the beloved Aesop's fables, some of the oldest-known fables in the world. Young readers will recognize traditional favorites such as "The Fox and the Crow" and "The Shepherd and the Wolf," while other tales such as "The Milkmaid" and "Belling the Cat" may be new to them. The moral lessons derived from these timeless tales have been adopted by cultures all over the world and are reflected in familiar sayings such as "Don't kill the goose that lays the golden egg" and "Slow and steady wins the race." Included are comprehensive endnotes describing the life of Aesop, the origin of fables, and how fables function as morality tales. Beautifully retold and humorously illustrated, this collection will entertain readers both young and old. With its small, compact format and elegant design, it is an ideal gift.
18. The Maiden of Northland: A Hero Tale of Finland
by: Aaron Shepard, Carol Schwartz
Not so long ago, in the tiny, isolated villages of Finland, where prolonged summer days gave way to endless winter nights, people would pass the time by singing the many adventures of their favorite heroes: the mighty, magical men and women of ancient days.
They sang of old Vainamoinen, greatest of sages and magicians, who helped create the world but never could find a woman to wed him. They sang of his friend and ally Ilmarinen, first among craftsmen, the blacksmith who forged the dome of the heavens.
They sang of Louhi, the ancient lady of Northland, whose crafty wit and magical powers made her a worthy opponent for Vainamoinen himself. And they sang of Aila, Louhi's lovely daughter, who captured the hopes of the two old friends and drew them as rivals to the shores of Northland.
The songs endure, the heroes live, in this poetic retelling of Finland's national epic, the Kalevala.
TEACHERS AND LIBRARIANS — A READER'S THEATER SCRIPT OF AN EXCERPT FROM THIS BOOK IS AVAILABLE FREE ON AARON'S WEB SITE.
/////////////////////////////////////////////////
Aaron Shepard is the award-winning author of "The Baker's Dozen," "The Sea King's Daughter," "The Adventures of Mouse Deer," and many more children's books. His stories have appeared often in Cricket magazine, while his Web site is known internationally as a prime resource for folktales, storytelling, and reader's theater.
Carol Schwartz is the award-winning illustrator of over 45 picture books.
Children's Books > Fairy Tales, Folk Tales & Myths > European
19. The Mythical World of Atlantis, from Plato to Disney: Theories of the Lost Empire
by: Jeff Kurtti
What do Plato's "concentric circles," Ignatius Donnelly's "mother culture," and Edgar Cayce's "firestones" all have in common? Does the center of gravity really lie at the earth's core? What connection do the "warriors of the clouds" have to current civilization? These and many other questions are answered in The Mythical World of Atlantis – a comprehensive study of the famed lost empire. Elements of theories about Atlantis put forth by philosophers and historians take their place alongside the "theory" revealed in Disney's newest animated feature. An extension of the film's fantasy, the book assumes that the fascinating lost civilization was real and flourished. Though the film's mythology is wholly fabricated, the details conspire to provide the reader with a feeling of authenticity.
20. The Fabrics of Fairy Tale: Stories Spun from Far and Wide
by: Tanya Batt, Rachel Griffin
Tales of disguise and deception, romance and revenge, all involving special items of clothing, are interlaced with Rachel Griffin's melange of texture and materials.
21. The Troll With No Heart in His Body and Other Tales of Trolls from Norway
by: Lise Lunge-Larsen, Betsy Bowen
Born and raised in Norway, Lise Lunge-Larsen, known to many as "the Troll Lady," met her first troll at the age of three, and the experience shaped her understanding of the natural world as a place alive and full of mysterious creatures and stories. She has been a storyteller for more than thirty years, and children still beg for "just one more troll story."
What are trolls and why do children love them so much? As tall as trees and as ancient and rugged as the Norwegian landscape from which they come, trolls are some of folklore's most fascinating and varied creatures. In this collection of nine troll tales, Lunge-Larsen brings a combination of childhood memories and careful research to the retelling of each story, while Betsy Bowen's striking woodcuts are as timeless and rare as the trolls themselves.
22. Androcles And The Lion
by: Dennis Nolan
Androcles, a runaway slave, is befriended by a lion when he removes a huge thorn from its paw. For years the two live to-gether in the desert, until soldiers capture Androcles and are ordered to throw him to the beasts. Led into the grand arena, Androcles falls to his knees, accepting his fate, but then he looks into the eyes of the lion and recognizes his old friend. Amid cheers from the crowd, Androcles and the lion are set free. The earliest version of the well-known tale, Apion's eyewitness account, is the source for this dramatic retelling.
26. The Seven Voyages of Sinbad the Sailor
by: James Riordan, Shelley Fowles
Sinbad's adventures are the most fantastic of the stories in The Thousand and One Nights. During his twenty years as a merchant adventurer, Sinbad encounters a Rookh's egg, a valley of diamonds, streams of amber, a terrifying sea-monster, an ogre's feast, the Cave of the Dead, the Old Man of the Sea and much, much more… For this vibrant retelling, James Riordan has drawn particularly on Sir Richard Burton's remarkable translation. Shelley Fowles tackles the illustrations with gusto and her comic touch gives these classic stories a highly contemporary feel.
Children's Books > Literature & Fiction > Historical Fiction > Military & Wars
27. Sleeping Beauty
by: Adele Geras, Christian Birmingham
Surely one of the most beloved of fairy tales, Sleeping Beauty has endured for centuries. This magical retelling has been written especially for a new generation to enjoy by one of today's most acclaimed children's authors. With luminous illustrations, rich in detail and wonder, this classic edition will be treasured for years to come. "This is a marriage made in literary heaven . which will survive to delight in another hundred years' time ." – Mary Hoffman.
28. The Story Bag
by: Kim So-Un, Setsu Higashi
This collection of Korean folk tales is sure to delight the hearts of all children between the ages of eight and eighty.
Written with earthy wit and pathos, these Korea children's tales unveil the inevitable foibles of people everywhere and expose the human-like qualities of animals and the animal-like qualities of humans. Pulsating with the rhythm of life and the seasons, these stories transport the reader to a wonderland, where a tiny mouse teaches filial piety to a spoiled child, a blind man can "see" evil spirits, and fleas drink rice wine.
It is somehow deeply reassuring to know that even in present-day war-ravaged and politically-divided Korea, these same stories are still being told, just as they have been for generations.
29. Tales of Wisdom and Wonder
by: Hugh Lupton, Niamh Sharkey
Nothing is quite as it seems in this book. Seven stories from around the world introduce remarkable animals and extraordinary people, among them an inquisitive monkey, a clever farmer and an unusual butterfly. Each tale has the colour and vigour of the countries and cultures they represent.
30. Under the Ice
by: Rachel A. Qitsualik, Jae Korim
Winter can be cruel in the Arctic, and food quickly grows scarce for those who cannot hunt. In these difficult times, the grandmother of an orphaned boy wishes aloud for the qallupaluit—strange, monstrous creatures that live under the sea ice—to take her grandson away forever. The old woman soon regrets her hasty words when the little boy is snatched and carried away. After enlisting the help of her fellow villagers, the old woman learns that her grandson may be happier with the qallupaluit than he ever was with her.
Children's Books > Fairy Tales, Folk Tales & Myths > Other
Best Selling Books for 9 year olds:
Recommended Books for 9 year olds:


We are passionate about woodworking machines, just like you! With 20 years of experience, we now have an extensive range of products to reach a wide public. There is surely something for everyone: from the D-I-Y worker to the craftsman to the industrial and professional worker.
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You can't get the full impact of this spectacular gold specimen until you see it in person. In the photographs it loses it's 3-Dimensional qualities which are so amazing. This spectacular natural gold nugget crystal specimen is shaped like more than one creature with a long curved neck. It looks like a Dinosaur towering over the vegetation. It looks like a Giraffe strolling through the African Savanah. It looks like the Lochness Monster with waves splashing around it. It looks like the alien ship on War of the Worlds. I have never seen anything quite like this. This is a one-of-a-kind extremely rare gold specimen in a very distinct shape. You will never see another one like this for sale again.
At a very large (for such intricate crystalline gold) 15.2 Grams, it would be the crown jewel in any high quality mineral collection. The size is a very impressive 1.75" (43 mm) long x 7/8" (22 mm) wide x 3/4" (19 mm) high. This incredible gold specimen is from the Mockingbird Mine in Mariposa County, California. It is extremely rare to find a crystalline gold nugget in such a distinct shape as this, and certainly not one this large. Crystalline gold nuggets from the Mockingbird Mine are highly sought after by collectors and investors, as it is some of the most beautiful crystalline gold that you can find. The unique shape of this crystalline gold nugget makes it even more collectible and valuable and it would be the focal point of any great mineral collection.
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We'll be skeptical of a Deadwood reunion until the credits roll, but stars Kim Dickens and Dayton Callie may have improved prospects. The former Deadwood residents say HBO has contacted them regarding availability, which could confirm the long-awaited movie's production.
Current and former Fear The Walking Dead stars Dickens and Callie had a chance to chat with TVLine at Comic-Con 2017, in which Dickens said of the long-awaited HBO reunion that "They've called for our availability." Callie too said his representation had been contacted, though HBO has not made any official confirmation of a Deadwood greenlight, nor would they offer comment on the actors' claim.
Last we'd heard, HBO boss Casey Bloys claimed not to have seen any scripts for David Milch's long-gestating Deadwood revival, though W. Earl Brown called the completed version "stunning." Dickens also previously testified to lunchtime snippets with her former Deadwood boss, wherein he'd read from the "stacks" of scripts for a potential revival.
Of course, it'd still be up to Milch to gather the prolific cast (sadly without Ralph Richeson or Powers Boothe), which in three seasons included Callie, Brown, Dickens, Ian McShane, Justified lead Timothy Olyphant, Jessica Jones alum Robin Weigert, Breaking Bad star Anna Gunn, Paula Malcolmson, Molly Parker, and many more. Deadwood ran from 2004 to 2006, showcasing the rise of Deadwood, South Dakota from frontier gold prospecting camp to fully-annexed territory.
We'll see if HBO comes forward with more official word, but what should we hope for from a Deadwood revival?