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Technique of Gene Gun
By: Amna Adnan | Category: Biotechnology-products | Date: 2010-07-11 00:27:28 | Views: 50907
Gene gun is a technique of genetic engineering which is mostly used in plant biotechnology. This technique like other techniques is used to transfer the genetic material from one cell to the other of different species to make them genetically modified...
Gene gun is the technique of biotechnology, usually used in plant biotechnology. It is one of the methods of genetic engineering. It is also called as the biolistic method. It is commonly used to insert the genetic material into the cells by the particles coated into small DNA sequences. The gun is fired at the cluster of the cells and the DNA sequences enter the desired cell. The method of gene gun is used in the laboratory and for the research purposes. It is also used to develop new products.
The gene gun was introduced in 1980 when the researchers wanted to insert the genetic material into the organism. This method was first developed for the plant cells but it is also applied in human and animals' studies. With time, modifications are made in this method to make it more useful to perform its functions efficiently.
How Gene Gun works:-
The gene gun method starts when a bullet is prepared by using metal atoms usually gold or tungsten which is coated in the DNA. A Petri dish is used which is filled with the desired cells. The bullet is fired into the solution and the particles release the DNA which enters into the cells. These cells become genetically modified and can be used for various purposes. When the genetic material is inserted into the cells, a genetic marker is also inserted with the bullet so that it can show that the genetic material has entered the cells successfully. Sometimes the particles are not coated with the DNA molecules, but they pick up the DNA from the solution and take it into the cells.
Importance:-
The gene gun method can also be used to transform cell organelles into the cells such as chloroplast and mitochondria. Due to this method the researchers can be able to engineer genetically modified organelles which cab create herbicide or pesticide resistance in the plants. This method can also be used in the research purposes like DNA vaccination, genetic immunization, gene therapy and tumor or wound healing. Sometimes the cell does not produce the desired protein, for this reason the researcher use this method to force the cell to produce the specific protein.
The method of gene gun can also be used to make genetic modifications in the plants. By using this method, the plants can made resistant to drought by making changes in their genetic makeup or inserting new genes. The nutritional value can also be increased and makes use f herbicides safely around the crops.
Method of Gene Gun:-
Gene gun method is useful in plants as well as animals.
Plants:-
In plants, the gene gun method is applied on the callus of the undifferentiated cells of the plant which is placed in the Petri dish. When the gene gun fires the particles into the dish, cells and callus get disturbed, but there are some cells which do not get disrupted by the fire and successfully envelop the DNA and insert it into the cell.
Animals and humans:-
In human and animals, the gene gun method is used to deliver DNA vaccines into the body. It is also used to deliver plasmids into the neurons of rat. This method is also useful in studying the neurodegenerative diseases in humans like Alzheimer's disease.
Limitations:-
There are some limitations by using this method. First the method of gene gun is very expensive. Second, sometimes the particles can penetrate into the cells without carrying the genetic material which can cause damage to the cells. There are possibilities that the genetic material or DNA cannot pass into the cell properly. Some people think the DNA may insert into the undesired cells which transform the genetic traits into the wild plants and this is how herbicide resistance and pesticide resistance can produce in the weeds also.


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After breast cancer surgery, DIEP flaps are one of the most innovative, effective ways to perform breast reconstruction to restore breast appearance.
Latissimus flap reconstruction uses a flap of tissue from beneath the shoulder blade to cover implants to reconstruct breasts after cancer surgery.
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TRAM flap reconstruction is a common reconstructive procedure to repair breasts after cancer surgery by using a flap of tissue from the abdomen.


Maths is a powerful tool, but in the wrong hands it can be pointless at best, dangerous at worst. Unfortunately, most human beings are a wrong pair of hands. We weren't designed for handling numbers of any complexity, and tend to be out of our depths once they go beyond single digits. But a basic knowledge of numbers makes us overconfident and keen to interpret figures and statistics we don't really understand as if they were cold hard facts. You only need to watch someone trying to work out which packet of washing powder presents the better deal when the supermarkets add a few percentages to the labels, or our reactions to opinion polls or the latest cancer-scare headlines.
Which makes books like this important, at least superficially. Ellenberg covers a lot of ground, explaining various ideas and highlighting common fallacies and paradoxes caused by our general weak understanding of basic statistics. He uses some excellent real-life examples to highlight what the numbers can teach us, but also what they can hide. Like how someone tasked with studying how to improve aircraft survivability in the Second World War realised that they were only analysing the bullet holes on the planes which made it back; the answer to this survivability bias was to increase armour to the places the raw data wasn't showing them.
Another case in point is the classic disease afflicting the scientific community, that focus on statistical significance (and the Whorfian perversion of calling it significance at all). Papers tend to be published when they prove a point; negative science, for all its benefit, doesn't enjoy the same kudos. Which fact alone means that many statistical outliers get published where the overwhelming unpublishable results tend to indicate the opposite. And that's before taking into account how the researchers massage their results to hit the threshold of significance. After all, a few small tweaks here and fortuitous rounding decisions there can make all the difference for publication.
Aside from headline-grabbing scientific papers, Ellenberg uses other real-world examples to highlight his points. A large amount of space is taken up with the risks of playing state lotteries or the pitfalls of various electoral systems. Yet despite numerous practical applications, it remains a difficult book to recommend. For all its interesting asides, the title is just too schizophrenic to ever come to any real conclusions. Often it's as if the author got carried away guiding the reader into some favoured corner of the mathematical jungle, only to forget why he ever led us there in the first place. Certain ideas are explained in fairly pedantic fashion, taking it a few steps further than even this particular pleb needed to grasp the concept. Other times it's as if the target group has switched and the details become more turgid and difficult to follow.


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Macrobrachium pilosum is een garnalensoort uit de familie van de Palaemonidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1999 door Cai & Dai.

Palaemonidae
IUCN-status onzeker

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


PISCATAWAY - The University of Michigan is paying Jim Harbaugh $7.5 million to win the national championship.
That is the objective, nothing less. This Wolverines team has turned into Harbaugh's best since he took over his alma mater in 2015. The defense is a terror, the offense looks more competent than it has since Harbaugh showed up, Ole Miss transfer Shea Patterson growing seemingly every week at quarterback.
Michigan is ranked No. 4 in the latest College Football Playoff rankings, which means it will play in a CFP semifinal, likely the Cotton Bowl, if it handles business from now through the Big Ten championship game.
Handling business begins Saturday against a Rutgers team that has been flailing for the better part of two months. Maybe this seems like a foregone conclusion, but don't expect Michigan to overlook anyone. In 2016, the Wolverines were 9-0 and ranked second in the CFP rankings. They then proceeded to lose three of their final five games by a total of five points.
Below, USA TODAY NETWORK New Jersey staffers make their predictions for the Herculean task Rutgers faces at 3:30 p.m. Saturday. The game will air on Big Ten Network.
Let's quote Clubber Lang, with one caveat: Rutgers is no Rocky. "Prediction? Pain." Michigan 70, Rutgers 0.
The headline for a Michigan-Rutgers preview story published at the start of this week out of Detroit said: "Michigan football's Jim Harbaugh: Rutgers has great ... kickoff coverage.'' OK, it was a backhanded compliment from a coach who probably couldn't find much else good to say about an overmatched opponent. But Rutgers is really good in this category, giving up 14.88 yards per kick return, No. 2 in the nation behind Eastern Michigan. So when Rutgers kicks off at the start of the game, or to start the second half, watch out! Will there be other occasions after scoring when Rutgers can show off its kick coverage prowess? Doubtful. Michigan 45, Rutgers 0.


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WODITSCHKA AND WILFLING v. AUSTRIA About Project
CASE OF WODITSCHKA and WILFLING v. AUSTRIA
(Application nos. 69756/01 and 6306/02)
This judgment will become final in the circumstances set out in Article 44 § 2 of the Convention. It may be subject to editorial revision.
In the case of Woditschka and Wilfling v. Austria,
The European Court of Human Rights (First Section), sitting as a Chamber composed of:
and Mr C.L. Rozakis, President,
Mrs F. Tulkens,
Mr V. Zagrebelsky,
Mrs E. Steiner,
Mr S. Quesada, Deputy Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 30 September 2004,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
1. The case originated in two applications (no. 69756/01 and no. 6306/03) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ("the Convention") by Austrian nationals, Mr Michael Woditschka ("the first applicant") and Mr Wolfgang Wilfling ("the second applicant"), on 13 May 2001 and on 23 January 2002, respectively.
2. The applicants were represented by Mr H. Graupner, a lawyer practising in Vienna. The Austrian Government ("the Government") were represented by their Agent, Ambassador H. Winkler, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs.
3. On 10 October 2002 and 21 March 2002, respectively, the Court decided to communicate the applications to the Government. On 12 June 2003 it decided to examine the merits of the applications at the same time as its admissibility pursuant to Article 29 § 3 of the Convention.
I. THE PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE
A. The first applicant
4. The first applicant was born in 1979 and lives in Vienna.
5. On 19 July 2000 the Vienna Regional Court (Landesgericht für Strafsachen) convicted the first applicant under section 209 of the Criminal Code of having committed homosexual acts with an adolescent and sentenced him to a fine of ATS 4,500 (approximately EUR 330) with 75 days' imprisonment in default. The sentence was suspended on probation. The Regional Court found that, in September 1999, the first applicant, who was then twenty years old, had had about ten homosexual contacts with a sixteen-year-old. In determining the sentence the court had regard to the applicant's confession and his young age as a mitigating circumstance, as well as to the repetition of the offence as an aggravating circumstance.
6. On 13 November 2000 the Vienna Court of Appeal (Oberlandesgericht) dismissed the first applicant's appeal on points of law, in which he had complained that section 209 of the Criminal Code was discriminatory and violated his right to respect for his private life, and in which he had also suggested that the Court of Appeal request the Constitutional Court to review the constitutionality of that provision.
B. The second applicant
7. The second applicant was born in 1964 and lives in Traiskirchen.
8. On 7 August 2001 the Wiener Neustadt Regional Court ordered the second applicant's detention on remand on suspicion of having committed homosexual acts with an adolescent contrary to section 209 of the Criminal Code.
9. On 24 August 2001 the Wiener Neustadt Regional Court convicted the second applicant under section 209 of the Criminal Code and sentenced him to fifteen months' imprisonment, fourteen of which were suspended on probation. It found that, from March 2001 until his arrest, the second applicant had a homosexual relationship with a seventeen-year-old. In determining the sentence the court had regard to the applicant's confession as a mitigating circumstance, as well as to the repetition of the offence and a previous conviction as aggravating circumstances.
10. On 7 September 2001 the second applicant was released from detention on remand.
11. On 23 October 2001 the Vienna Court of Appeal (Oberlandesgericht) dismissed the second applicant's appeal on points of law, in which he had complained that section 209 of the Criminal Code was discriminatory and violated his right to respect for his private life, and in which he had also suggested that the Court of Appeal request the Constitutional Court to review the constitutionality of that provision. Upon the Public Prosecutor's appeal it changed the sentence to the effect that only ten out of fifteen months of imprisonment were suspended on probation.
12. Subsequently the second applicant was granted a stay of the execution of his sentence. On 7 July 2002 he requested a pardon and a further stay of execution pending the decision on his request for pardon. On 11 July 2002 the Wiener Neustadt Regional Court granted a further stay of execution.
13. On 23 September 2002 the Federal President, upon the second applicant's request, granted him a remission of the remaining sentence.
II. RELEVANT DOMESTIC LAW
14. Article 209 of the Criminal Code, in the version in force at the material time, read as follows:
"A male person who after attaining the age of 19 fornicates with a person of the same sex who has attained the age of 14 but not the age of 18 shall be sentenced to imprisonment for between six months and five years."
15. On 21 June 2002, upon a request for review made by the Innsbruck Regional Court, the Constitutional Court found that Article 209 of the Criminal Code was unconstitutional.
16. On 10 July 2002 Parliament decided to repeal Article 209. That amendment, published in the Official Gazette (Bundesgesetzblatt) no. 134/2002, came into force on 14 August 2002.
17. The Court notes that the legal situation has remained unchanged since 9 January 2003, when it gave its L. and V. v. Austria judgment (nos. 39392/98 and 39829/98, ECHR 2003-I). For a more detailed description of the law, the Constitutional Court's judgments concerning Article 209 of the Criminal Code and the parliamentary debate relating to the issue, it therefore refers to the said judgment (§§ 17-33).
I. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 8 OF THE CONVENTION TAKEN ALONE AND IN CONJUNCTION WITH ARTICLE 14
18. The applicants complained of the maintenance in force of Article 209 of the Criminal Code, which criminalised homosexual acts of adult men with consenting adolescents between the ages of 14 and 18, and of their convictions under that provision. Relying on Article 8 of the Convention taken alone and in conjunction with Article 14, they alleged that their right to respect for their private life had been violated and that the contested provision was discriminatory, as heterosexual or lesbian relations between adults and adolescents in the same age bracket were not punishable.
Article 8 of the Convention provides:
"1. Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence.
2. There shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right except such as is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others."
Article 14 provides:
"The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in [the] Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status."
19. The Government contested that argument.
A. Admissibility
20. The Court observes that the two applications raise the same legal issue. It therefore decides to join them.
21. The Court considers that the applications are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 of the Convention. It finds further that they are not inadmissible on any other grounds. They must therefore be declared admissible.
B. Merits
22. The Government noted that the present case raised the same issue as the L. and V. v. Austria judgment and repeated the arguments they had submitted in that case (see L. and V. v. Austria, cited above, § 42).
23. Further, the Government noted that the repeal of Article 209 of the Criminal Code which intervened after the applicants' conviction had become final did not change their legal position. However, the second applicant had been granted a remission of his sentence.
24. The applicants agreed that their position was not affected by the change in law. They pointed out that the Constitutional Court's judgment of 21 June 2002 which was based on other grounds than those relied on in the present case, had not acknowledged, let alone afforded redress for, the alleged breach of the Convention. Their convictions still stood and they had no right to any form of compensation. In particular, the second applicant had no right to compensation for the 32 days spent in pre-trial detention. They were, therefore, still victims within the meaning of Article 34, of the violation alleged.
25. Moreover, the applicants repeated the arguments relied on by the applicants in the L. and V. case (§§ 39-40).
26. The Court observes that the present case raises the same issue as L. and V. v. Austria (cited above). It notes in particular that, like the applicants in the L. and V. case the applicants in the present case were convicted under Article 209 of the Criminal Code.
27. The Court reiterates its finding in L. and V. that the fact that Article 209 of the Criminal Code has been repealed does not affect the applicants' victim status (ibid., § 43). It sees no reason to deviate from this position in the present case.
28. In the L. and V. case the Court found a violation of Article 14 of the Convention taken in conjunction with Article 8 on the ground that the Government had not offered convincing and weighty reasons justifying the maintenance in force of Article 209 of the Criminal Code and, consequently, the applicants' convictions under this provision (ibid., § 53). Further it found that it was not necessary to rule on the question whether there has been a violation of Article 8 taken alone (§ 55).
29. The Court sees nothing to distinguish the present case from the above precedent. It notes that the parties have not submitted any new argument which would require it to deviate from its previous finding.
30. Accordingly, the Court finds that there has been a violation of Article 14 taken in conjunction with Article 8.
31. Moreover, the Court does not consider it necessary to rule on the question whether there has been a violation of Article 8 alone.
II. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION
32. Article 41 of the Convention provides:
"If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party."
A. Damage
33. Both applicants requested compensation for non-pecuniary damage. The first applicant claimed 75,000 euros (EUR), asserting that he had suffered feelings of distress and humiliation due to the maintenance in force of Article 209 of the Criminal Code and, in particular, the criminal proceedings against him resulting in his conviction, which stigmatised him as a sexual offender. The second applicant claimed EUR 150,000. He pointed out that, in addition to the general distress and humiliation, he particularly suffered from having been deprived of his liberty during 32 days of pre-trial detention. Moreover, he contended that his detention caused the bankruptcy of his enterprise. Although he could not specify the pecuniary damage caused, this should be taken into account when awarding non-pecuniary damage.
34. The Government contended that the applicants' claims were excessive.
35. The Court, having regard to the amounts awarded in L. and V. considers that, in the first applicant's case, an award of EUR 15,000 is appropriate. In the second applicant's case, the Court making an assessment on an equitable basis and, in particular, taking into account his pre-trial detention, awards EUR 20,000.
B. Costs and expenses
36. The first applicant also claimed a total amount of EUR 15,306.80 for costs and expenses, composed of EUR 7,888.86 in respect of the domestic proceedings and EUR 7,417.94 in respect of the Convention proceedings.
The second applicant claimed a total amount of EUR 29,635.58 for costs and expenses, composed of EUR 12,478.80 in respect of the domestic proceedings and EUR 17,156.78 in respect of the Convention proceedings.
37. Moreover, both applicants requested the Court to make an award of any future costs which may become necessary to remove the consequences flowing from the violation of the Convention, in particular to have their convictions set aside and to have them removed from the criminal records.
38. The Government found that the applicants' claims were excessive. In particular, as regards the Convention proceedings they pointed out that the present case was simply a follow-up case to L. and V. Further, they considered that the claim for future costs was of a speculative nature.
39. According to the Court's case-law, an applicant is entitled to reimbursement of his costs and expenses only in so far as it has been shown that these have been actually and necessarily incurred and were reasonable as to quantum.
40. In the present case, the Court considers that the costs of the domestic proceedings, which related entirely to Article 209 of the Criminal Code, were actually and necessarily incurred. It notes that the difference in the sums claimed is explained by the fact that additional legal acts were required with regard to the second applicant's pre-trial detention and with regard to the stay of the execution of his sentence. The Court therefore awards EUR 7,888 to the first applicant and EUR 12,478 to the second applicant.
41. As to the costs of the Convention proceedings, the Court takes into account that the present case is a follow-up case to L. and V., Moreover, the applicants in the present case were represented by the same lawyer as the applicants in L. and V. Making an assessment on an equitable basis, it awards each applicant EUR 3,000.
42. In respect of costs and expenses, the total amount awarded to the first applicant is, therefore, EUR 10,888, the total amount awarded to the second applicant, is EUR 15,478.
43. As to the applicants' request for future costs linked to removing the consequences of the violation found, the Court, referring to the reasons given in L. and V. (cited above, § 68), considers that the applicants' claim is speculative. It is therefore dismissed.
C. Default interest
44. The Court considers it appropriate that the default interest should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.
1. Decides to join the applications;
2. Declares the applications admissible;
3. Holds that there has been a violation of Article 14 of the Convention taken in conjunction with Article 8;
4. Holds that there is no need to examine the complaint under Article 8 of the Convention alone:
5. Holds
(a) that the respondent State is to pay the first applicant, within three months from the date on which the judgment becomes final according to Article 44 § 2 of the Convention, EUR 15,000 (fifteen thousand euros) in respect of non-pecuniary damage and EUR 10,888 (ten thousand eight hundred and eighty-eight euros) for costs and expenses, plus any tax that may be chargeable;
(b) that the respondent State is to pay the second applicant, within three months from the date on which the judgment becomes final according to Article 44 § 2 of the Convention, EUR 20,000 (twenty thousand euros) in respect of non-pecuniary damage and EUR 15,478 (fifteen thousand four hundred and seventy eight euros) for costs and expenses, plus any tax that may be chargeable;
(c) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points;
6. Dismisses the remainder of the applicants' claim for just satisfaction.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 21 October 2004, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
Santiago Quesada Christos Rozakis
Deputy Registrar President
WODITSCHKA and WILFLING v. AUSTRIA JUDGMENT

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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‹ Back to Jeep Grand Cherokee
Jeep Grand CherokeeReviews & Ratings
4th Generation Jeep Grand Cherokee
"It's comfortable, durable, luxurious, sporty, classy, roomy, and refined all at once"
Courtney»NY»2016 Jeep Grand CherokeePurchased Mar 2016|Verified
This vehicle is awesome. If you're someone who loves to drive and wants to get the best experience out of every minute you're in your vehicle, then this vehicle is the one. It's been great, way beyond my expectations. It's comfortable, durable, luxurious, sporty, classy, roomy, and refined all at once. I could not ask for more. Jeeps attract a loyal customer base, so we mostly know exactly what we're looking for. The vehicle itself is simply outstanding.
Originally Reviewed on Jul 25, 2016
Being a petite person, I love having a vehicle that allows me to sit higher on the road. My 65th anniversary edition JGC came equipped with a power driver's seat and adjustable pedals. I LOVED those features and assumed my 75th anniversary edition would come with the same features. While it does have an awesome, comfortable power driver's seat, it does not have the adjustable pedals. This requires me to sit closer to the steering wheel, which I feel is a compromise to my safety in the vehicle. Other than that, this Jeep is awesome. It handles great, rides smooth, and most importantly, it looks amazing. Jeep owner for life.
"The reason we think is the wheels and tires on the limited were larger and tires were low profile"
Angela»NJ»2016 Jeep Grand CherokeePurchased Jul 2016|Verified
In 2014, we leased a Grand Cherokee laredo.we fell in love with it. The ride was smooth, hardly any road noise. When our lease was up we wanted to up grade to a limited. After taking delivery on our 2016 limited, we realized we made a big mistake. The road noise was horrible as was the ride. The reason we think is the wheels and tires on the limited were larger and tires were low profile. Because the Laredo is cheaper, wheels and tires are smaller and not a good grade. So in closing, we will lease another Grand Cherokee Laredo only. It's not worth the extra money for a limited because of noise and ride.
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"The rest I am very happy with"
Timothy»CA»2016 Jeep Grand Cherokee|Purchased Aug 2016|Verified
The vehicle has about 3500 miles and has been a delight to drive. Many strongly positive comments in general and specifically from other Jeep owners. I use less of the electronics than I thought I would. The convenience package is great. The mirror "blind spot" light is a real value add and has come in handy. The jury is still out on the engine shut off function. The rest I am very happy with.
Originally Reviewed on Dec 11, 2016
I am personally very happy Chrysler upgraded the transmission operation to the older style gear selection. My wife comments that this is the most welcome change from the 2014 model, and it actually feels safer to operate without having to double or triple check the electronic "slide" in and out of gear. The engine shut off operation at a dead stop was somewhat unnerving at first, but now I'm "semi" used to it. The pedal cadence can get awkward at stop signs or stop lights (i.e., foot off the brake, wait for the motor to fire up, transmission to engage, and then gas pedal). While all of this takes but a second or two, it feels odd and a pause is necessary to avoid the lurch forward from a dead stop. I'm "used to it," however, my wife opts out of this function when she drives it as too concerning. If gas mileage is a key factor in this tech upgrade, I have seen no real benefit to this function from an MPG perspective.
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In this episode of Push Play, Eric Bouchard takes a look at The String Arcade, an album of game music re-interpreted for string quartet. The album is due to release February 11th, and all proceeds from sales go to helping the Alameda Music Project.
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This heavyweight cotton curtain interlining (or bump) can be used to add body and warmth to curtains and roman blinds. It is used by sandwiching between the curtain fabric and the lining. This item is natural in colour, but should not be visible in normal use. See below for alternative weights and synthetic interlining.
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BLOM Bank – Director's Cut by Chadi Younes
BLOM Bank – Director's Cut by Philippe Aractingi
BLOM Bank – Director's Cut by Leila Kanaan
BLOM bank shines light on hopes and dreams
BLOM Bank and Impact BBDO launch demining campaign
BLOM Bank and its agency Impact BBDO teamed up with four of Lebanon's renowned directors: Philippe Aractingi, Chadi Younes, Leila Kanaan and Jad Aouad, to create short three- to four-minute clips to show what peace of mind means to different people.
We spoke to the directors to understand more about what inspired their video. Here's what Chadi Younes said:
Chadi Younes
What is the main theme/message of your video or rather, what is the "expression" being conveyed?
When I was asked to work on a video based on the BLOM's motto, I soon realized that the concept of 'Peace of Mind' means different things to different people at different stages of their lives. It also occurred to me that peace of mind and happiness don't necessarily dance hand in hand.
In my short film, Habib the little boy has to let go of his most valuable treasure and finds comfort with his Grandmother who promises to take care of it. Her peace of mind, however, is knowing that he's safe from harm, but sadly far away from her in a different continent.
So in essence, peace of mind can come from trust as well as great sacrifice.
How is it relevant to BLOM Bank?
It is only relevant to BLOM on a thematic level, as it tries to explore more ways to look at "peace of mind" conceptually.
But besides that, I stayed away from the TV commercial format, and I just told a story.
Was there any personal story that inspired this video?
A lot of people asked if these were actual events of my own childhood but, besides having a set of Matchbox cars with my brother as a kid, none of it is purely personal. I may have tapped into the Lebanese collective memory, but seeing how much it touched people who did not live the war, or are not even remotely Lebanese, I think the story goes beyond the Lebanese civil war premise. Attachment, separation, sense of belonging, and generational continuity are universal themes that we all relate to.
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The difficulty of multi-class classification generally increases with the number of classes. Using data for a small set of the classes, can we predict how well the classifier scales as the number of classes increases? We propose a framework for studying this question, assuming that classes in both sets are sampled from the same population and that the classifier is based on independently learned scoring functions. Under this framework, we can express the classification accuracy on a set of $k$ classes as the $(k - 1)$st moment of a discriminability function; the discriminability function itself does not depend on $k$. We leverage this result to develop a non-parametric regression estimator for the discriminability function, which can extrapolate accuracy results to larger unobserved sets. We also formalize an alternative approach that extrapolates accuracy separately for each class, and identify tradeoffs between the two methods. We show that both methods can accurately predict classifier performance on label sets up to ten times the size of the original set, both in simulations as well as in realistic face recognition or character recognition tasks.


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1. maj er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1972 instrueret af Helle Munk.

Handling
Filmen skildrer forberedelser i Kvindehuset til kvindernes demonstration mod EF 1. maj 1972.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Politiske bevægelser
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1972


There's more than one way to skin a cat, so the saying goes. However strange the idea of doing that may be, it should also be noted that there is also more than one type of knife with which to undertake that task. Even those just vaguely familiar with pocket knives will have noticed that blades come in every shape and size. That's not just happenstance, and it surely isn't the whimsy of imaginative bladesmiths. Knife blades are shaped differently for a reason. Below, you'll find information on how to identify 12 of the most commonly-found shapes, and what they're used for.
The clip point is a common blade shape, characterized by a spine with a front section that appears to be clipped off. This cut-out area can either be straight or concave and results in a fine point that's ideal for precision tasks.
One of the most common blade shapes, the drop-point is characterized by a convex spine that curves down from the handle to the point. This creates an easily-controlled point and a bigger belly for slicing. Drop points are great for general-purpose use and ideal for hunters.
Technically, a gut hook is more of a feature included on a blade than a blade shape itself. One usually appears as a small, sharpened hook-like curve that interrupts the spine as it slopes toward the point. These have one main use: field dressing wild game. The design of the hook allows hunters to cut through an animal's skin without damaging what lies under it.
Hawkbill knives, sometimes referred to as talons, are characterized by a spine and edge that curve down in the same direction to create a downward-facing point. This shape allows the blade to cut efficiently when pulled back in the direction of the handle, so most of their use comes through utilitarian tasks like cutting carpet and linoleum and pruning vegetation.
A symmetrical blade with two edges that taper sharply from handle to point. This design increases the knife's ability to pierce and penetrate, and as such, most needle points are used for fighting and stabbing. The needle point is also notably more fragile than similar blades due to its narrow shape.
A blade with a straight spine and an edge that curves up to meet it at the tip. The long spine makes the blade heavy and sturdy for chopping and slicing, and users can get even more force by using a hand to apply pressure to the long unsharpened area.
A blade shape characterized by a straight edge and a spine that curves down to meet it at the point. Sheepsfoot blades are designed for slicing while minimizing the potential for accidental piercing with the point. It was originally used to trim the hooves of sheep but comes in handy as a rescue tool today.
A symmetrical blade shape with a point that's in-line with the center of the knife. This shape is stronger than the similar needle point and is adept at thrusting. A spear point can have either one or two sharp edges, and it's commonly used in daggers and throwing knives.
A spey point blade has a mostly flat edge until close to the tip when it curves up to the point. The spine is also mostly flat, but like the edge, angles down close to the tip of the knife to create the point. The result is a knife that has a short belly and broad tip, which prevents accidental piercing. These blades were originally used on farms to neuter animals but now are common on trapper blades and favored by hunters.
Inspired by the short swords that were worn by Samurai in feudal Japan, this blade shape replaces a curved belly for an angular edge transition that makes for a much stronger and prominent point. That durable tip and generally-robust point make it good for piercing tough objects, but it isn't as adept at slicing.
In a trailing point blade, the spine curves upward to create an elevated point that's typically higher than the handle. This shape creates an oversized belly that makes these knives good for slicing, skinning and filleting.
Like a sheepsfoot blade, this shape has a straight edge and a curved spine, but the curve extends gradually from the handle to the tip. The shape is similarly ideal for slicing while minimizing the possibility for an accidental puncture with the tip. These blades come in handy in similar situations.


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Home » Archive » Decentralized development in Uttarakhand
Decentralized development in Uttarakhand
Citation: Bhatt KN. (2002, October 1). Decentralized development in Uttarakhand. PUCL Bulletin, October.
Tags: development
PUCL Bulletin, October 2002
by K.N. Bhatt, GB Pant Social Science Institute, Allahabad
(Excerpts)
Creation of Uttarakhand is, in fact, an outcome of the peoples' long struggle for survival amidst the extreme conditions of regional economic backwardness and high rates of unemployment. The local people envisaged the political entity of the new state as an instrument to fulfill their aspirations of development and quality of life. Almost two years have been completed after the coming of the state into existence. How the new state has performed during these two years? Whether the people have started realizing their aspirations, for the achievement of which they struggled? Has the successive governments of the new states initiated a process of peoples' empowerment and ensuring their right to development? If not what is the alternative course of action left with the people of Uttarakhand? These are some of the vital questions, which today bother the minds of the common peoples belonging to the area.
In the wake of wide ranging social inequalities, regional disparities, unemployment and poverty, nations through out the world presently are striving to rebuilt their socio-economic order from below. If the aspirations of the people are to be fulfilled, the vision must evolve from the grassroots level. The need of the hour in the new state therefore is to ensure actual sharing of power with the people, seeking their fullest participation and fulfilling their hopes and felt needs. This article analyses some contemporary theoretical perspectives of participatory development and social justice. How the decentralized democratic institutions of development could be created at the local level within the existing constitutional provisions In Indian states to bring in increased productivity, efficiency and equity together? Can a new state like Uttarakhand where ideal socio- economic conditions exist for an efficient evolution of decentralized development, learn lessons from some success stories of development from below? The following paragraphs analyze a theoretical perspective of decentralized development and social justice, experiences of centralized development planning in India, existing constitutional provisions for decentralized development, implementation of these provisions in practice and evolving an alternative process of decentralized development in Uttarakhand.
These contemporary perspectives for development suggest a qualitatively different approach, where considerations of equity and justice are primary determinants of development as they shape its entire structure. It is assumed that if the development process is to be participatory, decisions have to be taken with the full involvement of the beneficiaries. This requires an examination of ends and means of development. The responsibility to create the conditions for such a process of development lies with the state, not actually to realize it. Individuals themselves are the only ones who can achieve that. Local community management for development is considered to bring about equity, productivity, and efficiency together to ensure social justice. The common belief of the policy makers regarding trade-off between efficiency and equity is challenged and it is equivocally established that the process of decentralised development is essential for a reasonably efficient economy even under the constraints posed by the forces of globalisation.
Unfortunately, the development policies even today are mostly dominated by considerations of maximizing growth of GNP, increased industrial production, improved technology, and aggregate consumption. The notions of equity, justice, participation, and freedom are made peripheral and raised only as after-thoughts in the approach to national and international development policies. However, right from the time of the emergence of development theories, there has always been the theorists of eminence who believed that the idea of development goes far beyond growth in output and material wealth. They included welfare and equity into the process of development and advocated for the improvement of the lot of the poor and give people a wider range of choices. It is perceived here that the process of decentralization alone can provide the necessary ethos and institutional framework, in which civil society comes in to its own, thinks of the state as a necessary and essential instrument for ordering the public domain, and in which cultural diversity of the large society is given its full play. 'The process of decentralized development thus involves delegation of decision-making powers to the sub-state levels with corresponding devolution of resources. It seeks improvement in productivity through speedy absorption of modem technology, better allocation and utilization of the available resources and greater impact of such productivity improvements on the living conditions of the weaker section of population'.
Experiences of Development Planning in India
India initiated the process of planned development in 1951 with a centrally planed mixed economy model. During the course of national movement, however, democratic decentralisation with the village as a basic unit of administration had remained central to the ideological framework of our national leaders. Graam Swaraaj (Village Republics), decentralized planning for development and equity were considered as the real solution for India's problems. Despite Gandhiji's clear propagation of the ideal and country's great legacy of village governance from the past, the ideal of Panchayati Raj could find a place in the constitution of India only under the Directive Principles of the State Policy, rather than making it mandatory under the legally enforceable part of the constitution.
During the planned development efforts of the fifties only, the study team headed by Balwant Rai G. Mehta on Community Development Projects and National Extension Services, 1957, had again emphasized the need for democratic decentralisation through setting up of Panchayati Raj institutions for ensuring public participation in community works and an efficient implementation of development programmes. The recommendations of the Mehta Committee and a number of similar other expert committees on Panchayati Raj were left for implementation on the goodwill of the state governments, in the absence of a proper Constitutional safeguard and enthusiasm for sharing power with lower units of local self-governments, the state governments in turn reluctantly experimented with the idea. Consequently, a myth was gradually developed that the centralised governance and development only can benefit the disadvantaged and the poor.
Five decades of our planned development experience thus reveal that the popular participation in development planning remained a distant dream. Our state sponsored top-bottom planning model gradually witnessed a highly centralized system of development with ever increasing administrative controls. As rightly pointed out by an analyst 'the upward shift of functions from the district to state and from state to the Union has not in the least contributed either to strengthening the centre or to making planning more effective. Indeed, it has had the opposite effect on both counts. The machinery of government became excessively flabby, at the centre as well as states. Planning has become so out of touch with ground reality that it is in danger of losing credibility. The strategy followed in the first four decades of planning, in fact, is now being squarely blamed for our relatively poor growth and mounting balance of payments problem, which finally led to the adoption of structural adjustment programmes in July 1991 with wide raging packages of reforms in trade, industry, finance, and other important sectors of the economy. It is now clearly realized that the development performance of India would have been much better and distribution of benefits more equitable, if only we had effective planning at the sub-state, particularly at the grassroots level.
After an ongoing delay of over 45 years in post independent India, the ushering in of the Gandhian Vision of Panchayati Raj Institutions through 73rd and 74th constitutional Amendment Acts in 1992 is a bold and historic initiative. It seeks to deliver power to the people to realise their right to development. The Indian Constitution has been amended for creating the autonomous institutions of local self-governments and decentralized development both in rural and urban areas respectively. Provisions under the constitutional mandate envisage not only the full participation of people in decision-making process, preparation of economic development plans, and ensuring social justice, but also in the execution of such plans. The Acts also specially lay provisions for establishing an autonomous State Finance Commission for sharing of financial resources directly to these local bodies and make them economically independent. In short, the real spirit of the constitutional mandate is to ensure a development policy, which creates sustainable improvement in the quality of life of the people, and evolves a social order based on the principles of equality, prosperity, and security.
The relevant sections of the Constitution of India under Part IX, Part IXA, the 11th and the 12th Schedules, underscore the provisions for ensuring true democracy at the grass roots level and transferring power to the people. Article 243 G and Article 243 W pointedly define the power, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats and municipalities, etc. respectively. It states that subject to the provisions of the Constitution, the Legislature of a State may, by law, endow the Panchayats and the municipalities with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government. The 11th Schedule and 12th schedule listed therein envisages for the transfer of multiple developmental activities to be performed by the Panchayats and urban local bodies respectively.
Before the 73rd, 74th constitutional amendment Acts, 'it was not mandatory to elect office holders below state level at district, sub-district, village of municipal levels. In other words according to an analyst, Indian democracy was a parliamentary system at central and state levels with bureaucratic governance at lower levels. The current power pyramid, needs to be reversed. Everything that can be decided and implemented optimally at the local level should be kept at that level leaving the rest to be taken up at the district, and thereafter the state level. Only the residua 'powers should belong to the centre… It is also necessary to move beyond the confines of the representative-democracy. Forums must be created so that ordinary citizen can directly intervene, deliberate, and decide the governance and development processes. Democracy, from being a ritual of periodic elections, needs to be extended to the grassroots levels'.
Implementation of the Acts
The Constitutional mandate with its wide-ranging prospects for evolving a true and transparent democratic social order requires the state governments to introduce legislative measures immediately for the revitalization of the institutions of local self-governance. It is, first and foremost, very encouraging to find turn of the state government to activate these democratic institutions at the local level for transforming the practice and quality of development in the country. Commenting on the post 74th constitutional amendments experiences, Drez and Sen have rightly pointed out that: 'It is, first and foremost, very encouraging to find plentiful of evidence of active engagements with the new possibilities of local democracies on the part of the Indian public… However, the experience confirms that the results of state initiatives to promote local democracy are highly contingent social context. Indeed, the reforms associated with the Panchayati Raj amendments have followed very different course in different states. At one extreme, Bihar has barely reached the stage of organising Panchayat elections. Kerala on the other hand, has gone far beyond the constitutional requirements and initiated a visionary campaign of 'decentralized planning' through Panchayati Raj institutions'. It is unfortunate to note that despite an active engagement of the common public most of the state States governments have failed in their duty in truly transferring power to the people even after a decade of the constitutional mandate.
What has happened in practice, in these once again is merely a bureaucratic transfer of power that treats the lower level units of the self-governments just as another units of bureaucratic control. The system rather than being responsible to the people, who formed them, still remain loyal in turn to upper echelons in the bureaucratic hierarchy. It has generally resulted in utter failure and mal-functioning of existing local self-governments in the country.
On the other hand, the example of Kerala, where these constitutional provisions have actually been implemented after 1996-97 with the aim of evolving a system of participatory development, presents a fruitful model of social development. After the adoption of this system, the state government transfers about 35 to 40 percent of its total plan funds directly to the Panchayats to facilitate these institutions for undertaking development projects at the local level. 'During 1997-98, the total resources devolved worked out to Rs. 10,250 million and in 1998-99 Rs.11,780 million, not counting funds from centrally sponsored schemes and the loans that could be taken out by the local bodies with government guarantee. Before 1996-97, their share in the state's annual plan averaged only around Rs. 200 million. The small state of Kerala today has become a unique example of people's participatory model of development with high levels of human and social development. A Summary of the proceedings of a five days International Conference on Democratic Decentralisation in Kerala organised during May, 2000 in Thiruvananthapuram reveals that: 'the Kerala experience is demonstrating that the efforts in the devolution of power and finances to local communities, when sustained by political will, can prove that local resistance is also an effective response to the market driven logic of globalisation which has little place for the felt needs of the people… The role of the local bodies offers today the only hope in benevolent, decentralised state's presence, where the centre may hold and the peripheries may continue to define the political vision and trajectories of economic growth and the distributional gains of it…
The democratic decentralisation campaign in Kerala will be significant in the history of India for it establishes a politics of social change which restructures the systems of power of production and relations, especially between government, the state and the people who image the alternatives and build them. Decentralisation is ultimately going back to the people for a referendum, and, in the last instance, this is a political issue, not just for Kerala but also for all India.
Initiating Decentralized Development in Uttarakhand
It is the first and foremost duty of a new state coming into existence after the 73rd, 74th constitutional amendments Acts to review its existing system of development and governance. The continuation of the provisions for merely a bureaucratic governance at sub-state level units of administration would not lead anywhere. If the new state of Uttarakhand fails to initiate a process of decentralized development and peoples' empowerment in the true spirit of the constitution, the local people will remain in a state of deprivation with the widespread conditions of regional economic backwardness, poverty, and unemployment. The success story cited above in case of Kerala, in addition to a bold and historic initiative by the state government, is attributed by some analyst to various positive socio-economic conditions existent in the state. These factors include high literacy rates, sharply reduced deprivation and absolute poverty, better medical and health facilities, successful land reforms, mass organizations to strengthen the case for local democracy, and better redistributive policies of the government for social sector planning including social provisioning of education, health, economic assets, improved working conditions, and bargaining power of the labour force.
The existing socio-economic attributes in Uttarakhand, like Kerala, also suggest an ideal condition for immediately starting the process of decentralized development in the new state. During the course of past two decades, literacy and educational levels in Uttarakhand have recorded dramatic achievements. The state today ranks among the top ten Indian states in terms of higher literacy rates. This may be supplemented from the provisional Censes, 2001 totals, which show an overall literacy rate of 72.28 per cent with respective ratios of 84.01 per cent for males and 60.26 per cent for females in Uttarakhand. Similarly, the tremendous potential of natural resources could be transformed into wealth by the touch of a highly disciplined and educated human labour force in the economy of the state. The sturdy, healthy, well educated, and laborious hill women is undisputedly accepted as the practical work force in the area. The varying altitudes, vegetation, soils, climate, beautiful landscape and geophysical features of the area, extending from the snowy Himalayan peaks to the highly fertile foot-fills, the Bhabhar, Tarai, and Duns, present a unique potential for initiating a host of cultivation, manufacturing, and production activities.
Apart from the abundance of natural resources and well-educated human resource base, a rich cultural and social heritage can enormously contribute to the success of participatory governance in the state. The hill society has a prolonged tradition of close community living and harmony with its natural environment. Traditional village Panchayats and forest Panchayats have performed well in bringing social welfare and delivering justice to the people. Law and order even today is managed in the rural areas of the mountainous part by combining revenue and police administration. The people belonging to the area are trusted everywhere for their honesty, hard work, communal harmony, and tradition of community living. In case of social hierarchy of rich and poor and asset distribution, class-gaps do not exist so sharply as is the case in other sates of India. Distribution of land is almost equal. Only about 13 percent of the total geographical area is under cultivation, owned by the individual households. Under the decentralized system of development, provincial government will have to transfer common property rights of the land to the local self- governments. In fact, most of the land under government control including reserve forests of today needs to be transferred to the village and urban local self governments to be managed, protected and developed by themselves without any bureaucratic interference. Similarly, the property rights in case of water resources also need to be given back to these local self-governments.
The state could make legal provisions under its Panchayat Raj Act for the transfer of property rights of the courses of the river valleys falling within the respective boundaries of the sub-state level units of governments.
Only after ascertaining the property rights under the law in case of jal, jangal, zamin the new state could make the system of democratic governance and development a reality. The peculiar geophysical features widely scattered natural resources, village habitations and varying ecosystem of Uttarakhand also necessitate devolution of power to the people to protect the flight of capital from the area and for managing the economy according to local needs. Fullest participation of people and their empowerment could ensure the twin objectives of creating employment opportunities and a speedy increase in production, asset creation, and value addition.
The higher echelons of the sate machinery may concentrate on development of basic infrastructure facilities, encouraging research and development activities and providing people access to healthy markets in order to fetch better prices for their produce. Failure to deliver power to the people at the foundation stage of the new state may again alienate and frustrate the local people. The flight of capital may experience more accelerated pace and the eco-sensitive Himalayan zones may lead to further destruction in coming years, particularly after strengthening of the globalized market forces.
The failure of the centralized state planning, apart from other things, has primarily paved the way for today's dominant neo-classical paradigm of competitive markets as an alternative, where the states have practically no role to play. However, the available literature on the theme clearly suggests that there existed no situation even in the so-called pure capitalist economies of the world, where market forces operated under the ideal conditions. Each nation operates its political economy within certain regulated framework in accordance with the required socio-economic reality.
The market mechanisms could be effectively utilized to ensure distributive justice in a democratic way. Therefore, an ideal alternative model of development for a new state like Uttarakhand would be a combination of decentralized development with a healthy exposure to market forces. After the initiation of people's campaign for decentralized development in 1996, Kerala is demonstrating a unique and successful model of decentralized planning for social development to the world in our own country. Several other such lessons for development from below could be found and innovated for the ownership and management of an economy suitable to our social realities which may be different from the sole state ownership on the one hand and unrestricted private ownership on the other for ensuring people their right to development and social justice.
In order to evolve such a people's participatory and transparent process of development, the new state needs to initiate reforms at two levels. First, the state legislature would be required to pass a comprehensive law for the democratic devolution of power to the people for creating institutions of local self-governments in the true sprit of the 73rd & 74th constitutional amendment Acts. Secondly, start a massive campaign for the development planning from these grassroots level institutions and educate people for a comprehensive technical exercises of making sectoral plans, assessing local needs, financial outlays and implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of their own development projects. Adoption of these measures certainly requires a strong political will amongst the ruling political elite in the state, as neither the existing elected representatives nor the bureaucracy would easily like to share power with the people. If the state fails to evolve these constitutional sub-state level political institutions for grassroots level governance in near future, the only alternative course of action, the local people are left with, is to organise themselves for yet another struggle for their own empowerment and development.
Evolving a process of decentralized development remains the only hope for the local people which can be used not only to ensure collective property rights over their natural resources of Jal, Jangal, Zamin, but also bring in economic prosperity and social harmony.
The author has used the name 'Uttarakhand' instead of 'Uttaranchal'. This was the term used in the movement for the creation of the state. Common people still adhere to the name they had coined.
(References have been omitted due to space constraint. — Chief Editor )
The woman who electrified a village and took on a mafia (2016, March 20)
Restoring Normalcy in Uttarakhand (2013, August 6)
GDP ignores cost to the environment (2011, September 26)
Deprived of basic amenities, Bageshwar women threaten stir (2011, February 19)
Nestle, Bajaj among 374 units causing pollution in U'khand (2011, February 3)
Inflation-hit poor feel short-changed in rising India (2011, January 26)


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Liisten
Liisten is writing on the Svbtle network.
@tylerh
The Wrong Time And Place: Why Wii Was Nintendo's Biggest Failure
It's curious the products that swing between highs and lows. Some have so much initial success that competitors race to rip it off. While other products are so disregarded at first, only to come back big later. It's funny how timing can lead to disingenuous results, catapulting a company off course.
With Nintendo reporting such terrible sales of the Wii U in January and February, you can't help but wonder if the Wii really scratched the average person's itch for gaming or if it hit the market at just the right time. Nintendo stated early on that the Wii was a blue ocean move, meaning, with this product they were hanging a hard left and sailing to a place where motion control was king and there weren't any sharks for miles. Everything about the Wii – including its name – was a bold move when the company first announced the console, and it paid off. You could barely get your hands on one for months and months after it was released, by all accounts the Wii was a blockbuster hit. At the time you'd be hard pressed to find someone calling it a failure, even looking back, few would use that word to describe the iconic white box.
To continue the movie metaphors, of course Nintendo was going to follow up with a sequel rather than a completely new franchise, but they shouldn't have. The company let past success dictate future moves rather than fully assessing the market they would be releasing a new product into. Obviously Nintendo saw tablets and similar devices coming or they would't have put a massive one at the center of their gaming experience. The fault was that they desperately wanted to recreate the Wii's success, rather than pull another blue ocean move.
A bolder move than the Wii U would have been to completely flip the tables and infiltrate the cellphone gaming market. Partnering with Apple or Samsung, or both, they could have had the upper hand to dictate lucrative terms and potentially get their franchise games onto every handset being sold.
Who says that once you're a hardware company you have to always stay a hardware company? Who says that you can't switch back and forth over time as the circumstances arise. It's still early for Mircosoft as a computer manufacture, but they needed to "grease" the windows tablet market and so they're building the Surface. Barnes and Noble needed a compelling way to transition into the digital age and the Nook was born. Microsoft won't necessarily always be a computer hardware company from here on out. If OEMs can build compelling devices and push the sales of Microsoft's software, I have no doubt they'll exit that hardware business. The better follow up to the Wii would have been if Nintendo transitioned itself into more of a software company willing to become ubiquitous on different platforms.
Maybe it's the desire for official Nintendo games to come to iOS and Android that's coloring my opinions, but it seems like the writing is on the wall for some form of mobile gaming to eventually and completely push consoles to the side. At that time, software will be all Nintendo has left to cling to and they'll be forced to make choices that aren't their own, on terms that aren't as favorable as once could have been.
Make no mistake, the Wii was a big deal, so big in fact that it likely clouded Nintendo's judgement on their future.
Writing Online
It now seems foreign to consider writing in a full fledged word processor, only to copy it over to a CMS, then publish it online. There was a time when writing your blog post in Wordpress or another online editor just wasn't acceptable,... Continue →


iOS 5.1 leak: sliding camera shortcut and Japanese Siri?
It's been a screen sliding filled morning. With Google having just patented a cool sliding unlock system, an iOS 5.1 leak has also just been outed indicated a sliding camera shortcut, with a Japanese Siri in the works too.
Portuguese blog, BlogdoiPhone has leaked screenshots they claim to be iOS 5.1, as picked up by 9to5mac. Claiming to have received these from a local carrier, odds are, we'll be seeing the OS in the next month with the iPad 3 expected to land March 7th.
The camera shortcut is activated by pressing the homescreen. While previous versions of iOS included an on-screen camera button which could easily be pressed accidentally, the new camera shortcut needs to be dragged up to activate it, reducing erroneous finger and palm photos around the world.
Japanese Siri was on the cards but with no set release in sight. The inclusion of it in these iOS 5.1 leaks is a good indication as to when it might land. When is that you ask? If the iPad 3 gets Siri, probably March 7th. If it doesn't, then the iPhone 4S should have the additional language update shortly after.


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Le Circuit Het Nieuwsblad (Omloop Het Nieuwsblad en néerlandais) est une course cycliste sur route disputée dans les Ardennes flamandes, en Belgique. Créé en 1945, il s'est appelé Circuit Het Volk jusqu'en 2008. Il est disputé annuellement en début de saison (fin février - début mars), durant le même week-end que Kuurne-Bruxelles-Kuurne. Il s'agit de la course d'ouverture de la saison cycliste belge, ainsi que la première épreuve dans le Nord-Ouest de l'Europe, ce qui lui confère un certain prestige. Le départ est situé à Gand et l'arrivée à Ninove. De 1996 à 2007, la course se termine à Lokeren. Entre 2005 et 2016, elle est classée comme un événement de classe 1.HC dans l'UCI Europe Tour et est organisée par Flanders Classics. La course intègre le calendrier UCI World Tour en 2017.

Le Circuit Het Nieuwsblad est rendu difficile par ses secteurs pavés et les monts des Ardennes flamandes, également empruntés par le Tour des Flandres. En raison de sa position dans le calendrier, la course est généralement disputée avec des conditions météorologiques froides, qui contraste avec les courses par étapes de début de saison du Moyen-Orient et en Europe du Sud.

Depuis 2006, une épreuve féminine est également disputée le même jour, sur une distance d'environ 130 kilomètres.

En 2009, le Circuit Het Volk devient le Circuit Het Nieuwsblad, en raison de la fusion des quotidiens Het Volk et Het Nieuwsblad. La première édition sous ce nom est disputée le , et voit le retour du mur de Grammont dans le parcours de la course.

Le Circuit Het Nieuwsblad espoirs a lieu fin juin ou début juillet de chaque année, et est réservé aux espoirs (moins de 23 ans) et aux coureurs amateurs.

Depuis plusieurs années, le parcours du Het Nieuwsblad emprunte le final auparavant utilisé par le Tour des Flandres (avant que l'arrivée de celui-ci ne soit déplacée à Audernarde), avec le fameux enchaînement Mur de Grammont-Bosberg.

Histoire

Circuit Het Volk
La course est créée en 1945 sous le nom d' (Circuit des Flandres). L'événement est initié par le journal flamand Het Volk, en réponse au journal rival le Het Nieuwsblad et sa célèbre classique, le Tour des Flandres. Le Het Volk, journal de gauche, veut lancer une nouvelle épreuve cycliste en Flandre, une course rivale, parce qu'il considère le Tour des Flandres trop proche des nazis. Les Allemands ont non seulement autorisé et apprécié la course, mais ils ont également aidé la police sur la parcours. L'organisateur du Ronde prétend de son côté que le nom est trop proche du leur — en néerlandais, il y a peu de différence entre Ronde et Omloop. La fédération cycliste belge, demande finalement au journal Het Volk de changer le nom de l'événement. Cette course devient donc le Circuit Het Volk.

En 2009, les anciens journaux rivaux Het Volk et Het Nieuwsblad fusionnent, la course est alors renommée Circuit Het Nieuwsblad pour sa .

Course hivernale
En raison de son placement en début de saison du calendrier cycliste, la course est parfois affectée par des conditions froides et hivernales. Au cours de son histoire, trois éditions sont annulées. Sans lien avec le mauvais temps, la course 1960 n'est pas disputée à la suite d'un désaccord entre les organisateurs et l'UCI. L'UCI avait donné de meilleurs dates à d'autres courses belges, incitant le Het Volk à annuler la course en signe de protestation. En 1986 et 2004, les organisateurs sont contraints d'annuler la course, la neige et les températures glaciales rendant le parcours trop dangereux et la sécurité des coureurs ne pouvant plus être garanti. L'édition 1971 est reportée en raison de la neige et se déroule trois semaines plus tard. Dans les temps modernes, les organisateurs comptent beaucoup sur les prévisions météorologiques pour ajuster le parcours si les ascensions pavées sont considérées comme dangereuses.

Course d'ouverture
Traditionnellement, la course servant d'ouverture de la saison cycliste belge, elle revêt une importance particulière pour les cyclistes belges. Tout au long de son histoire, les coureurs belges, habitués au froid et aidés par leurs supporters, ont dominé la course. Les Belges ont remporté 55 des , bien que, le statut international de la course grandissant, ils ont seulement remporté quatre des onze éditions entre 2006 et 2016. En 1948, l'icône cycliste italienne Fausto Coppi remporte la course, mais est disqualifié en raison d'un changement de roue illégal.

Le record de victoires est de trois, partagé par Joseph Bruyère, Ernest Sterckx et Peter van Petegem. Bruyère détient le record de la moyenne la plus rapide () pour sa victoire de 1975. Les autres gagnants notables sont Eddy Merckx, Roger De Vlaeminck, Freddy Maertens, Johan Museeuw, Philippe Gilbert, Thor Hushovd et Greg Van Avermaet.

Roger De Vlaeminck remporte la course à deux reprises et à dix ans d'intervalle. Sa victoire en 1969 est son premier succès chez les professionnels. Deux ans plus tard, Eddy Merckx s'impose avec 1 minute et 53 secondes d'avance sur Roger Rosiers, soit le plus grand écart. En 1977, Freddy Maertens reste le seul coureur à s'être imposé avec le maillot arc-en-ciel de champion du monde en titre.

Parmi les éditions notables, en 2008  Philippe Gilbert s'impose en solitaire après avoir attaqué dans l'Eikenberg à plus de 50 kilomètres de l'arrivée. En 2013, la course est disputée dans des conditions glaciales et voit la victoire de l'Italien Luca Paolini dans un sprint à deux avec Stijn Vandenbergh. L'édition 2015 est marquée par son final où Ian Stannard est opposé à trois coureurs de l'équipe Etixx-Quick Step, mais parvient à les lâcher et à les devancer tous les trois.

En 2017, la course intègre le calendrier de l'UCI World Tour, le plus haut niveau du cyclisme sur route. Le Circuit Het Nieuwsblad est une course généralement remportée par un coureur en solitaire ou lors d'un sprint en petit comité. Cependant, en 2021, le beau temps et les conditions de course contribue à un groupe relativement important de plus de 50 coureurs qui se dispute la victoire, décrochée finalement par Davide Ballerini. L'année suivante, Wout van Aert remporte la course en solitaire et devient le premier champion de Belgique en titre à s'imposer depuis Etienne De Wilde en 1989.

Parcours

Généralement, jusqu'en 2017, le Circuit Het Nieuwsblad commence à Gand, Flandre orientale, puis aborde les Ardennes flamandes dans le sud de la province, avec de nombreuses petites côtes, avant de retourner à Gand. De 1996 à 2007, l'arrivée est à Lokeren, à  à l'Est de Gand.

C'est lors de l'édition 1950 de l'épreuve que le Mur de Grammont est grimpé pour la première fois en course, soit avant le Tour des Flandres qui l'a rendu célèbre.

Avec ses 200 kilomètres et ses 13 ascensions dans les zones vallonnées, le parcours est difficile et ardu. En outre, comme dans toutes les classiques flandriennes, on retrouve plusieurs secteurs pavés plats. En dépit des changements d'une années à l'autre, plusieurs monts sont régulièrement empruntés par la course : Leberg, Berendries, Taaienberg, Mur de Grammont, Eikenberg et Molenberg. En raison de son parcours vallonné dans les Ardennes flamandes, la course est de même nature que le Tour des Flandres, et est souvent utilisée comme préparation pour le grand événement qui a lieu cinq semaines plus tard. L'édition 2016 dispose d'une nouvelle montée, le Boembekeberg, en remplacement du Molenberg, qui est supprimé en raison de travaux.

Le départ officiel et l'arrivée sont traditionnellement situés sur la grande place de Gand,  ; cependant, tous les sept ans, quand Pâques arrive tôt dans l'année, la place est réservée pour la mi-carême annuelle et les organisateurs doivent trouver des endroits différents. En 2016, les organisateurs ont choisi le Parc de la Citadelle, à côté du vélodrome Kuipke, comme lieu de départ. L'arrivée se trouve sur la voie Émile Clauslaan, près du lieu de départ.

En 2018, la ligne d'arrivée est déplacée de Gand, son emplacement traditionnel, à Meerbeke, qui accueillait l'arrivée du Tour des Flandres jusqu'en 2011. En 2019, pour des raisons logistiques, elle est à nouveau déplacée dans la localité voisine de Ninove. Le Molenberg joue un rôle stratégique plus important après avoir été placé à 40 kilomètres de l'arrivée, tandis que le Mur de Grammont et le Bosberg sont les derniers monts escaladés de l'épreuve.

Palmarès

Podiums

Statistiques

Vainqueurs multiples

Victoires par pays

Variantes

Amateurs

L'épreuve est disputée actuellement par des coureurs espoirs (moins de 23 ans) et amateurs.

Juniors

L'épreuve est disputée actuellement par des coureurs juniors (moins de 19 ans).

Débutants
L'épreuve est disputée par des coureurs débutants (moins de 17 ans).

|-
! colspan=4; align=center| Circuit Het Volk débutants
|-
| 1971 ||  Frank Arijs ||  Jean-Pierre Van Rossem ||  Marc Dierickx
|-
| 1972 ||  Alain De Smet ||  Rudy Vermassen ||  Luc Heylenbosch
|-
| 1973 || colspan=3 align=center| ?
|-
| 1974 ||  Eddy Planckaert ||  Luc Colijn ||  Jan Bogaert
|-
| 1975 ||  Eddy Planckaert ||  Patrick Du Chau ||  Ronny Van Holen
|-
| 1976 ||  Luc Meersman ||  Dirk Krikilion ||  Luc De Wilde
|-
| 1977 || colspan=3 align=center| ?
|-
| 1978 ||   ||  Rudy Roels ||  Dominique Coreelman
|-
| 1979 ||  Danny Janssens || ||
|-
| 1980 ||  John De Mesmaecker ||  Bruno Geuens ||  Peter Buerms
|-
| 1981 ||  Franky De Groote ||  Dirk Guillemaere ||  Jerry Cooman
|-
| 1982 ||  Jerry Cooman ||  Johan Devos ||
|-
| 1983 ||  Koen Vekemans ||  Yves Van Steenwinkel ||  Gino Verbraeken
|-
| 1984 ||  Johan Cuypers ||  Eric De Coster ||  Jan Claes
|-
| 1985 ||  Didier Priem ||  Bart Leysen ||  Marc Wauters
|-
| 1986 ||  Danny Daelman ||  Marc Patry ||  Pascal De Smul
|-
| 1987 ||  Steve Decloux ||  Tom Willemsens ||  Dirk Huys
|-
| 1988 ||  Kurt Heuvelmans ||   ||  Jeroen De Backer
|-
| 1989 ||  Gerry Belmans ||  Luc Rooms ||  Vincent Fonze
|-
| 1990 ||  Filip Vereecke ||  Sébastien Demarbaix ||  Frank Vandenbroucke
|-
| 1991 ||  Jurgen De Winne ||  Geoffrey Willems ||  Jurgen De Buysschere
|-
| 1992 ||  Jurgen De Buysschere ||  Karel Vereecke ||  Mark van Kuik
|-
| 1993 ||  Kristof Dereeper ||  Andy D'Hauwe ||  Yoeri Beyens
|-
| 1994 ||  Tom Eyckmans ||  Andy Michels ||  Julien Goossens
|-
| 1995 ||  Jurgen Lippens ||  Koen Dierckx ||  Kim Van Bouwel
|-
| 1996 ||   ||  David Philips ||  Andy Lannoo
|-
| 1997 ||  Kurt Dierckx ||  Björn Volckaert ||  Kristof Van Rooy
|-
| 1998 || colspan=3 align=center| ?
|-
| 1999 ||  Sven Vervloet ||  Joeri Clauwaert ||  Wesley Van Durme
|-
| 2000 ||  Nicky Cocquyt ||  Johan Peeters ||  Bert De Backer
|-
| 2001 ||  Willem Leenhouts ||  Mike Alloo ||  Nikolas Maes
|-
| 2002 ||  Tim Roels ||  Jonas Decouttere ||  Rob Krijnen
|-
| 2003 ||  Steven Doms ||  Pim de Beer ||  Nick Mertens
|-
| 2004 ||  Baptiste Planckaert ||  Robin Chaigneau ||  Michael Van Staeyen
|-
| 2005 ||  Alexander Van den Steen ||  Lorenz Lambrechts ||  Alexander Kruger
|-
| 2006 ||  Nicolas Vereecken ||  Samuel Rytter Ravn ||  Mathias Gade Jakobsen
|-
| 2007 ||  Mark Sehested Pedersen ||  Peter Dibben ||  Christophe Ysenbaardt
|-
| 2008 ||  Mattias Raeymaekers ||  Dylan van Baarle ||  Matthias Van Holderbeke
|-
! colspan=4; align=center| Circuit Het Nieuwsblad débutants
|-
| 2009 ||  Danny van Poppel ||  Sam Vanspeybroeck ||  Ruben Van der Haeghen
|}

Féminine

En 2019, le peloton féminin a pris le départ de l'épreuve dix minutes après celui du peloton masculin. La cycliste suisse Nicole Hanselmann s'échappe seule et rejoint finalement la fin du peloton masculin qui roule à une allure modérée. En conséquence, le directeur de course décide d'arrêter Hanselmann, ainsi que toute la course féminine, de sorte que les deux courses ne se soient pas mélangées. Après dix minutes de neurtalisation, Hanselmann est repartie en conservant son avance sur le reste du peloton. Elle s'est par la suite fait rattrapée et a terminé la course à la  place.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Liens externes


Lift type table top allows convenient maintenance.
Independent PCB setups can isolate malfunction and reduce the time for repairs.
Users can easily set required tension force by using external mechanical tension knob.
Easily change straps width by strap width guiders.


Staying inspired isn't easy. Here's how to do it.
It's no secret that the creative industry can drain you of ideas, but I've found that creativity is like a muscle. If you don't use it, it gets weaker. You must constantly use your creative muscle , or at the very least stimulate it on a consistent level, so that whenever you're asked for a great idea, you can pull one out.
But how do you stay inspired and work that muscle on a consistent basis?
If you're not doing this often, you should be. Some of the most inspiring conversations I have are with my peers over coffee or drinks. It's nice to catch up on life and design, and these discussions often lead into each of us helping someone with a design challenge of sorts.
Early on in my career, websites like Dribbble and Muzli didn't exist. If you wanted to look at work from your peers, you had to invest money into design annuals. It was great to thumb through those books and get ideas. I still have many of my annuals. Whether it's annuals or a digital format, it's important to consistently study your peers' work and break down their solution to discover the thinking behind it.
Build a library of these solutions that you can pull from as inspiration. Collect examples of great techniques. You're not supposed to copy them, but they can be used to learn from and inspire better solutions for your clients.
I keep my desk and my house pretty minimalist, but I surround myself with designs I love. I have a box that I store cool ideas in. This box contains the things I find inspiring, but I use Evernote, Dribbble, and digital storing solutions to capture the digital inspiration I stumble upon. Keeping inspiration all around me allows me to pull from that whenever I may need to, for a project or simply as an ongoing reminder of the great solutions that exist and to push myself to achieve that.
Something else that has served me well, in terms of having a variety of ideas or solutions in the tank at any given time, is to stay educated on a variety of topics and ways others may have solved similar challenges. I do that by trying to consistently learn and educate myself on a variety of topics.
I don't need to be an expert in all of these areas, but I know enough about development, onboarding, business, user patterns, and marketing to pull from those areas and contribute thoughtful ideas to them whenever those discussions come up.
I put these thoughts through the "design" filter and present them as a quick solution that could be expanded on by an expert or myself in deeper detail if the feeling is that it's valid.
The point is that many people have solved similar challenges to yours. Learn from others so you can try to relate those to your needs and build upon them.
Designing for clients and companies can be exhausting. Depending on the structure of your company, you could be working on the same project for months and feel a lack of inspiration or creative tunnel vision. There's so many stakeholders on a project that you often get to the point of feeling like your work and ideas aren't inspiring you or anyone else.
When that happens, you've got to take time to design for you. Design without strings attached. It doesn't have to be on a regular basis, but for some it will be. Start thinking about some things you'd like to design for yourself. Posters, a new app, T-shirts… Whatever it is, find that thing you'd LOVE to design—and go do it. Get back to basics and inspire yourself again.
Staying inspired is something you have to work at. It's a little flame that needs to be fueled. You can do it by learning about someone's great solution to a challenge that sparks your own ideas, or by sitting down to work on a side-project for yourself. Try to find something that works for you.
In some ways, inspiration feeds positivity. As designers, when we feel like we're in the wrong spot or lack fulfillment, it can be pulled back to the lack of inspiration. It can boil down to a lack of fresh ideas in the tank or the absence of inspiration to do our best work.
Want more? This is an excerpt from The Designer's Handbook, a career guide for designers who want to learn how to navigate the industry. Get the whole book here.


With agricultural land values rising in 2018, an increase in cash rents was not unanticipated. The national average rate moved from $136 per acre in 2017 to $138 per acre in 2018, again about the same rate as inflation. This was essentially the same rental rate as observed in 2013. While rates did bump up to a high of $144 per acre in 2015, land rent has been fairly static around this $135-to-$140-per-acre rate for the last six years. Figure 1 highlights the U.S. average cash rents for cropland in 2018.
While numerous states reported 5 percent or better year-over-year gains in land rents, West Virginia showed the highest percentage increase over 2017 figures. But perspective matters. The 2017 rental rate in West Virginia was only $42 per acre and the 2018 figure came in at $45 per acre. In terms of absolute dollar change from the previous year, California again hit the top mark with rates rising by $15 per acre. Probably a fluke of numbers as much as anything else, Maryland's rates showed the second-greatest rise, lifted by $10 per acre in 2018. Going in the other direction, Florida showed the largest year-on-year decline with rents sagging by $8 per acre. Georgia came in with the second-largest decline, dropping by $4 per acre. Figures 2 and 3 highlight the change in those cropland cash rental rates from the previous year on a percentage and absolute dollar basis, respectively.
Despite depressed commodity prices, cash rental rates for cropland increased by $2 per acre in 2018 to $138, remaining above their pre-2012 levels. The increase in cash rental rates paced with inflation and was supported by higher agricultural land values and the effects of very low interest rates. With low-interest income from other sources, any kind of return from agricultural land makes it an attractive investment alternative.


Looking in to someone's eyes can tell you alot about that person.
Having beautiful eyes is quite rightly extremely important to most women. At Serenity we offer three eye treatments that not only allow you a little quiet time but will also give those gorgeous eyes.
These treatments can be booked on their own or along with other treatments such as maybe a manicure or pedicure.


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Individuals & Interviews
Latest Offer from Barnard College, Columbia University
Congratulations to Zhou from Dalton Eminent Scholars Program for receiving an offer from Barnard College, Columbia University.
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Barnard College, founded in 1889, as a private women's liberal arts college, is one of the original Seven Sisters—seven highly selective liberal arts colleges in the Northeastern United States. It is also one of Columbia University's four undergraduate colleges. Students will receive their diploma from Columbia University signed by both Presidents of Columbia and Barnard.
It is the organic, student-centered, research-focused, and project-based educational experiences at Dalton Acdemy that help students get into the world's top universities. As admissions continue, we are looking forward to more good news from Dalton students.
Dalton Major and Career Exploration Lectures
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Bhopal Victory for Bhopal Survivors; Government to revise disaster related figures.
Balkrishna Namdeo, Presdent of the Bhopal Gas Peedit Nirashrit Pension Bhogi Sangharsh Morcha, said that the Minister has agreed that the Curative petition filed by the central government in the Supreme Court will be amended on the basis of figures of death and extent of injuries caused by the disaster from scientific research and hospital records. He said that the Minister has also assured that the government will seek urgent hearing of the amended Curative petition.