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Stefan Kühner
MA (York), PhD (York)
PhD Supervision
Is family income an adequate indicator to define poverty?
家庭收入能否準確界定「貧窮」?
Part of the new Lingnanian Opinion Column for HKET. Please follow link for full article.
"What is poverty in Hong Kong?" Most readers, if asked this question, will likely think of situations where everyday people fail to secure a sufficient work income to enable them to secure food, appropriate shelter, or clothing. Internationally, the predominant understanding of poverty as an 'absolute' deprivation of material goods is based on the notion that people of all ages have essential needs to secure physical health in order to be able to successfully participate in social life. Typically, those emphasising the alleviation of 'absolute poverty' as a key goal for policy makers have argued in favour of a more residual approach to welfare policy, based on the conviction that its role should first and foremost be to provide a 'basic safety net' that no member of the community should fall below. The flip-side of this view is that only those people that can demonstrate to the government that they have severe physiological and or safety needs – typically via passing means- and asset tests of various social assistance programmes – can hope to receive government subsidies for themselves as well as their loved ones.
Indeed, in Hong Kong the conditions for receipt of government subsidies is largely determined by claimants' ability to demonstrate to the government that their household income falls below one of several poverty lines, which are reviewed annually in line with the movement of living standards. As such, using the measures of monthly household income, and using 50% of the median of the pre-intervention monthly household income to identify poor households, the current poverty line for a one-person household was set at HK$4,000 per month prior to taxes and social benefits, HK$9,800 for a two-person household, HK$15,000 for a three-person household, and so on, up to HK$22,500 for a six-person household. In this sense, the Hong Kong government does not use an 'absolute', but a 'relative' definition of poverty, which is based on the idea that people should be considered as 'poor' if they lack the minimum amount of income needed not only to meet essential universal and permanent physical and safety needs, but also if they fail to maintain a typical standard of living in Hong Kong society due to a lack material resources.
Using household incomes to determine poverty lines in this manner facilitates comparisons of how poverty alleviation targets are met over time and has become the international gold standard across rich societies in the world. As such, the official Hong Kong government statistics suggest that in 2017, 23.1% of children aged 0-17, 13.7% of the working age population, and 44.4% of elderly were not able to meet the relative poverty threshold without government assistance. However, it is preferable to consider 'relative poverty' levels after receipt of government subsidies since this better reflects the actual poverty situation faced by households in Hong Kong. Indeed, the poverty figures for each of the above population groups diminish significantly once the effect of the 'social safety net' is taken into account – 17.5% for the 0-17 years old, 10.4% for the 18-64 years-old, and 30.5% for the over 65 years old – but remain high in comparison to other rich societies around the world. Not least, these are record numbers in Hong Kong suggesting that overall 1 in 5 people are considered poor. As the Hong Kong government strives to find ways to reduce the number of 'poor' residents further, should it continue to predominantly rely on measures derived on the basis of family income?
Admittedly, this may sound like an overly technical and yes, 'academic', question, but the implication of the choice of preferred poverty measurement by the Hong Kong government are significant. Some voices have argued for an extension of the 'relative poverty' measurement since a measure of poverty that is purely based on a percentage of median household incomes tells us nothing about the level of resources needed to avoid social exclusion. This is particularly true for a society like Hong Kong's where living costs, especially due to spiralling housing costs, have increased at a rapid pace in recent years. Hence, it has been argued that the Hong Kong government should place greater attention to the cost of things, or the level of resources needed to avoid social exclusion.
Here, it may be useful to consider a few more questions. First, should we consider working adults as being 'poor' if they have enough money to afford three meals per day, but not enough to own a smart phone or transport to commute to work on a daily basis? Surely, Hong Kong people in the past did not have access to smart phones, so how can this suddenly be considered as a valid criterion for whether such a person should receive government subsidies or not? Similarly, should we consider a child as living in poverty in Hong Kong today, if it has a properly fitted school uniform, but fails to have access to his/her own personal computer or own desk to study at home? How about an elderly person that may benefit from public housing, but cannot afford to eat meat and hand out 'pocket money' on national holidays? Should these examples be considered as describing instances of 'life in poverty' in Hong Kong?
It is easy to dismiss these people's needs for support because they are not related to inherent physical needs – i.e. owning a smart phone is certainly not a matter of sustaining one's physical health or even survival, neither is having an adequate space to study, or the ability to give presents. Yet, from the perspective of whether or not people in these situations are able to maintain a typical standard of living in Hong Kong, the answer is not so straightforward. What is more, a lack of these items/activities does not only help to raise the dignity of the lives of the people affected, but also – in the medium and longer term – is likely to have a positive impact on the Hong Kong economy as a whole.
Consider for example that having access to a smart phone and to the internet is increasingly crucial for people not only stay in touch with their families, but also to look for available job vacancies, internships, and training programmes in the case of unemployment. Consider that not having access to a computer at home will make it extremely difficult for primary and secondary school children in today's society to complete their daily homework assignments and lead to a significant disadvantage to achieve their full academic potential over the years. And finally, consider that not having the ability to participate in social gatherings is a particularly strong barrier for elderly Hong Kongers to live an active, more fulfilling, and healthy life?
But maybe it does not matter what we individuals think about these matters. And maybe, it does not even matter what politicians, experts, or commentators on social media have to say either? Recent research conducted in Hong Kong tells us that a firm majority of the public actually states that having access to these resources or being able to engage in these activities should be considered a 'necessity' to be a full member of Hong Kong society today. If we accept that 'poverty' stems from social relationships and is the consequence of social arrangements, not simply the consequence of where certain people are positioned on the overall distribution of household incomes, policy makers are well advised to recognise more encompassing intermediate needs of Hong Kong people even if they depend on changing cultural and socio-economic contexts.
The main issue, of course, is that these different notions of 'poverty' are closely connected to ideas of social justice and what it means to live in a fair society that is conducive to people's overall quality of life and well-being. The design of social policies has an important role in addressing poverty, but the extent to which it will facilitate poverty alleviation will largely depend on the very notion among policy makers and other stakeholders about 'what is poverty' and 'who deserves support, and 'how much' under different circumstances. Therefore, one important step towards more effective poverty alleviation in Hong Kong would be if the government started to include broader and more diverse measurements of poverty and particularly the voices of Hong Kong people in their routine reporting of poverty dynamics going forward.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on July 4, 2019 by stefan-kuehner.
Is Hong Kong meeting the 'best interests' of all its children?
香港兒童福祉與「起跑線」
Article 3 of the United Nations' Convention of the Rights of the Child states that "in all actions concerning children, whether undertaken by public or private social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities or legislative bodies, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration". Few would disagree that childhood experiences have a profound affect not only on children's current lives but also on their future opportunities and prospects. If some children in society systematically fall behind their peers in the core areas of their well-being, this should be regarded as a situation in need of urgent attention even if things are going well in other respects of economic and social development.
Indeed, writers across the Social Sciences have suggested that inequalities are much harder to justify if they prevent children from having a fair start to life. For instance, the Heckman equation, named after the popular American Economist and Nobel Laureate, suggests that public investment in educational resources for very young children aged below five promises particular 'good value-for-money' as it contributes positively to their early development of cognitive and social skills. If sustained by means of high quality education through to adulthood, such investments promise substantial gains to the economy by creating a more productive and valuable labour force.
Focussing on the positive freedoms of children and how their rights are being upheld in different contexts, the work of another Nobel Laureate and political philospher, Amartya Sen, argues that children's chances to have a healthy start to live and access to high quality education to a large extent determines their capability to actively choose the lives that they have reason to value during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Indeed, since the economic circumstances to which children are born into are beyond their own control, merit-based justifications of inequality and 'just deserts' are less likely to convince if we are considering children rather than adults.
In a recent discussion paper for the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), Stewart (2013:13) suggested "the societal consequences of inequality are very different if particular individuals move in and out of poverty or riches than if everyone stays in the same place in the hierarchy"[1]. In other words, persistent inequalities between the most advantaged and disadvantaged should be perceived as a case of 'inequity', i.e. a matter of fairness and social justice that governments and related stakeholders have a responsibility to address. This is particularly the case as far as children are concerned.
Although there is a strong economic and moral case to prioritise children in the distribution of scarce resources in society, the harsh reality is that few rich economies have so far managed to create truly "fair" circumstances for all its children. As such, international evidence has shown that students from the most disadvantaged families still tend to be more likely to be among the worst academic achievers than their peers from families with the highest socio-economic status.
Despite some positive overall gains, there remains a stubborn social gradient in healthy eating and physical activity in many rich countries meaning that children from the least advantaged family backgrounds continue to consume significantly less fruit and vegetables, and exercise less frequently for a total of at least 60 minutes per day as recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Not least, the least affluent children across rich economies are more likely to have very low life satisfaction, which is associated with multiple risk behaviors including bullying and being bullied at school[2].
There is a dearth of systematic empirical evidence that would allow us to very easily the extent to which the Hong Kong government manages to uphold the rights of its children compared with other rich economies around the globe. However, thanks to the Policy Innovation Co-ordination Office ("PICO") (formerly the Central Policy Unit), which recently supported a cross-university research project on the Trends and Implications of Poverty and Social Disadvantages in Hong Kong, researchers are now in a position where they can begin to piece together the complex puzzle of child opportunities and prospects in Hong Kong.
Although preliminary, the data collected as part of this research suggests that children in Hong Kong have a much higher chance to be among the least affluent if they grow up in a single parent household or in a household with no working adult. This finding may not be surprising, but speaks to the inability of the social safety net in Hong Kong to protect children from less traditional households from falling way behind their peers in terms of their income.
The findings also suggest that rather than the level of education or combined salaries, it is the parents' material deprivation that determines the likelihood for children to lack access to basic necessities, such as e.g. a personal computer or a place to study in the home. In other words, being born in disadvantaged circumstances still acts as a barrier for some children in Hong Kong to live the same life as commonly perceived as 'normal' by a majority of Hong Kong children.
Previous research has shown that the parents and grandparents in less affluent households in Hong Kong make considerable sacrifices to facilitate the best possible start in life for their children. However, what these findings stress is that there is a threshold below which these adult family members are no longer able to shield their children from the negative consequences of severe material adult deprivation in the households they grow up in.
Finally, there also appears to be a link between the material and mental well-being of children in Hong Kong. As such, it is a lack of access to basic child necessities that is more likely to cause very low life satisfaction and a disproportionately high frequency of mental health complaints, such as having problems sleeping, worrying a lot, having stomach and back pain, among Hong Kong children. These findings remain after controlling for their self-perceived family relationships, their connectedness to teachers, and even their experience of being bullied at school.
Much more work needs to be done to fully understand the various ways in which the determinants of well-being of the most disadvantaged children are interconnected. However, what appears clear is that family background continues to play a considerable role for the life chances of at least some of Hong Kong's children. As long as the future opportunities and prospects of those Hong Kong children continue to be determined by the 'lottery of birth', it is difficult to argue that Hong Kong's economic and social policies rise to the lofty ideals of the United Nations' Convention of the Rights of the Child.
In order to more successfully meet the needs of all its children, the Hong Kong government is well-advised to subscribe to the policy advice of international bodies, which have argued not only that governments should strive to promote healthy lifestyles and improve the educational achievements of the most disadvantaged children, but also that the incomes of the poorest households with children need to be better protected. This may not be a popular view given recent statements by the Financial Secretary (Hong Kong), which were meant to dampen the hopes for more government profligacy in social protection moving forward.
Given the dearth of comparative data in Hong Kong, it is also important to invest in further systematic research to enable better monitoring and measurement of child well-being in Hong Kong and its neighboring societies in the Big Bay area. Data sets that track the development of Hong Kong children across multiple dimensions of child well-being and across different life stages promise to be particularly valuable for generations of local policy makers and other stakeholders. While there are very good reasons for the Hong Kong government's recent emphasis on STEAM subjects and industries, it is equally important to recognize the continued role of the Social Sciences in better understanding and shaping the life chances of her children as the future pillars of society.
[1] Stewart, F. (2013) Approaches Towards Inequality and Inequity: Concepts, Measures and Policies. UNICEF Office of Research Discussion Paper. Florence, Italy: UNICEF Office of Research.
[2] UNICEF (2016) Fairness For Children: A League Table Of Inequality In Child Well-Being In Rich Countries. Innocenti Report Card 13. UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, Florence.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on April 3, 2019 by stefan-kuehner.
Is it time to consider a new youth development policy in Hong Kong?
Appeared in Sing Tao Daily (in Chinese).
Please follow link for full article.
"In the Long-term Social Welfare Planning in Hong Kong Consultation Paper, which was published by the Social Welfare Advisory Committee nine years ago in April 2010, it was stated that young people are "the future pillars of Hong Kong" and that the "Hong Kong SAR government and the community as a whole attach great importance to nurturing and developing them into our "capital""[1]. There has since been a growing perception in public and policy discourse that young people in Hong Kong have found it more difficult than before to build a 'good life' for themselves as they have faced an "increasingly bumpy transition from school to work"[2]. This begs the question whether the Hong Kong government should reconsider its approach to youth development in Hong Kong.
At first glance, statistical headline figures make it relatively easy to brush aside any notion of diminishing opportunities for the younger generation in Hong Kong as around 70 per cent of young people pursue post-secondary education—46% at degree-level—according to the latest Hong Kong government figures. Merely four per cent of households headed by young people live below the official Hong Kong poverty line; the absolute number of poor young people headed households is small and affected mainly students. The overallunemployment rate in Hong Kong stood at 3.1 per cent in 2017 with the rates for young people – 15-19 years of age: 11.1% and 20-29 years of age: 5.7% – comparable or considerably lower than in other rich global cities like London, New York, or Tokyo.
Not least, it would be unfair to dismiss the emphasis that successive Hong Kong governments have placed on youth development by investing significant resources into a whole range of employment services and training programmes, such as for instance, the 'Career Let's Go' programme for secondary graduates, or the Labour Department's Youth Employment and Training Programme. The University Grants Commission-funded universities offer additional employment support, information on vacancies, and counselling services for future graduates, while the Vocational Training Council has become the largest provider of vocational training for adult learners and school leavers. These various initiatives are indicative of a specific approach to youth development policy, which focuses on investments into the human capital of Hong Kong's young people, and puts faith in the power of the competitive local economy and fluid labour market to promise fulfilling careers to all of Hong Kong's youth.
Yet, we are living in a time where internationally the persistent valorisation of higher education has come under scrutiny as differences in university access, subject choice, and educational mobility have persisted for students with different family background. In particular, the disadvantage of young people from lower-status family backgrounds are perpetuated from higher education admission, to their transition from education to employment, their future career development, and general life chances. Indeed, the latest evidence for Hong Kong suggests that the effect of socio-economic family resources on student enrolment increased – rather than decreased – in importance. Particularly housing affordability issues have widened the gap between those who own housing and have the ability to invest in their children's human capital and those who cannot. Compared to the previous generation of Hong Kongers, fewer young people experience any real upward social mobility, while over half of them – according to recent surveys – believe that social mobility is worse than 15 years ago.
Internationally, researchers are also beginning to build a bigger evidence base on the effectiveness of supply-side activation measures like the ones favoured by the Hong Kong government. And the news is unfortunately not all very good. Meta analysis of classroom and on-the-job training for young people have shown that their income effect is close to zero in the short term and only becomes slightly positive after several years. While vocational training has generally been found to boost young people's wages at the bottom end of the skills distribution, international evidence suggest it is less successful if it limits university access of young people as is the case in Hong Kong. The effect of the labour tax wedge, which measures market inefficiency by comparing before- and after-tax wages, on employment has been found to foster more economic growth primarily if combined with subsidised public sector employment schemes and fiscal stimulus measures for the economy. But where to look for new approaches to youth development?
In Europe, for example, more generous social protection schemes have for a very long time been argued to not only maintain aggregate consumer demand in the local economy by way of enhancing household incomes of affected individuals, but also enable particularly young people to search for jobs commensurate with their attained skills. Recent statistical models suggests a positive effect of public early education, child- and elderly care services on high quality employment rates. In the United States, an influential theoretical literature on different Varieties of Capitalism posits that the availability of more generous earnings-related social protection enhances incentives for young people to invest in specific, vocational rather than general, portable skills; at the same time, greater protection against dismissal in the case of pregnancy is argued to act as an incentive for young women to enter non-gender specific careers. More broadly still, researchers at the International Monetary Fund have recently suggested that more generous unemployment subsidies and employment protection have a positive effect on employment in strong economic context.
Hong Kong's Financial Secretary Paul Chan has successfully dampened the public's expectation for receiving more financial "sweeteners" before unveiling his widely-reported 2019-2020 Budget Announcement. Yet, the Hong Kong government is well advised not to dismiss these lessons from overseas. What they suggest is that much can be gained from putting renewed energy into the search for innovative complementarities between productive and protective youth development policies to unleash the full potential of Hong Kong's young people in a resurgent Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area."
[1] Social Welfare Advisory Committee (2010) Long-term Social Welfare Planning in Hong Kong. Consultation Paper.
[2] Wu, X. G. (2010). Hong Kong's Post-80s Generation: Profiles and Predicaments. Hong Kong: The Central Policy Unit, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on March 18, 2019 by stefan-kuehner.
In the midst of global uncertainty, helping Hong Kong's most disadvantaged is a matter of priority
面對不確定的全球環境,幫助最弱勢群體應是香港的優先事項
"For families across the globe, the Christmas and the New Year Eve celebrations are a time of reflection over the year passed and for making resolutions for the year ahead. It is also a time when political commentators usually take a step back from the rapid daily news cycle to take a more 'bird's eye perspective' on the big issues contemporary societies face. Indeed, as we enter into the year 2019, there is seemingly no shortage of big policy issues troubling policy makers both near and far:
Shifting monetary policy by the US independent central bank; the fear of housing bubbles in global cities such as Toronto, Sydney and Hong Kong; a stalled Brexit vote in the British parliament; and the expanding Chinese-American trade dispute all combine to create instability in global stock markets.
After the numerous heat waves during the summer, the recent Indonesian tsunami offered yet another stern reminder of the destructive power of natural and man-made disasters and the need for governments to engage in effective disaster mitigation and preparation. Last month saw 15-year old Swedish environmental activist, Greta Thunberg, tell representatives of over 200 nations at the United Nations climate summit in Poland that "since our leaders are behaving like children, we [the children] will have to take the responsibility they should have taken long ago".
Despite a shared commitment to reduce global inequality, the latest Global Inequality Report by Oxfam suggests that in 2018 the "richest 1 per cent bagged 82 per cent of wealth created, whereas the poorest half of humanity got nothing". Also during the past December, the Yellow Vest mass demonstrations in Paris, France were the latest example of a national anti-elitist movement challenging the status quo by calling for lower living costs, more progressive taxation on global wealth, and the legislation of a living wage.
Not least, history books will look at 2018 as the year in which international organisations such as the UN, the EU, the World Trade Organisation, the International Monetary Fund and the North American Free Trade Agreement were all directly challenged by President Trump and his national and international allies as part of an attempt to move away from the post war global order.
Indeed, the question what role international collaboration can still play in managing these big policy issues may be the defining one of our era.
At Lingnan University, we have made a direct contribution to this question by exploring the role of global policy transfer in governments' attempts to alleviate people's financial and employment burdens in their everyday lives.
As such, we routinely tell our students about the policy value of comparing social policies across historical, territorial or cultural lines. This is because it is only through comparison that we fully understand what makes the contemporary policy issues we face, or the policy discourse we engage in, similar or special to other times or locations in world history. As the old saying goes: do we really know ourselves, if we only know ourselves. This is true in our personal lives as much as it is for how we assess the laws our policy makers implement.
At the same time, we also instruct our students to be careful when evaluating government projects to borrow lessons from "good practice" examples implemented by their international partners. Policy makers typically do not have the luxury to simply 'copy & paste' policies from elsewhere because the effectiveness of those policies typically relies heavily on the specific context in which they operate. Put differently: simplistic calls for Hong Kong housing policies to become more Singaporean, or Hong Kong family policies to be become more Scandinavian more often than not are doomed to lead us into a dead end.
There are, however, global ideational trends that clearly shape the direction of current policy development around the world:
As part of this, the number of social protection schemes in the Global South increased from only 1 in 1993 to 150 in 2015 according to the latest release of the United Nations' Social Assistance, Politics, and Institutions (SAPI) database. In East and South East Asia alone, the number of income transfer schemes for the poorest members of society increased from 13 to 23.
Higher social protection spending in the poorest countries is thereby shown—time and again—to be related with better health outcomes for children, stronger local economies, improved social networks, and higher social mobility, especially if they are combined with business incentives such vocational training, and access to capital and financial services.
Universal coverage in old age pensions, so heavily debated in Hong Kong, has already been achieved by a whole range of middle and low income countries, including Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Lesotho, Mauritius, Mongolia, Namibia, South Africa, Timor Leste, Trinidad and Tobago, and Tanzania.
The cost of universal cast transfers for some 700 million children, pregnant women, persons with severe disabilities and older persons – nearly 10 per cent of the world's population – is judged by the International Labour Organisation to require only 1.1 per cent of what the rich G20 nations spent to bail out the financial sector in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis.
Global ideas of social protection have certainly travelled to Mainland China, whose national Dibao programme has fast become the world's biggest social assistance scheme offering cash benefits for some 50 million recipients at a cost of roughly 0.14 per cent of GDP.
Meanwhile, in Hong Kong, Finance Minister Paul Chan Mo-po has made recent headlines by warning that although "the government will [again] have a surplus this financial year" "public resources are not unlimited". Some have interpreted these statements as a thinly veiled hint that fewer financial measures to support Hong Kong's most disadvantaged will be forthcoming.
The jury is still out whether this interpretation of the Finance Minister's recent statements is justified and will be proven to be correct. What seems clear, however, is that given the regional and international trends of governments embracing social investment strategies with affordable social protection policies at the centre, any potential stance of Hong Kong policy makers to limit the expansion of social protection, or reverse recent achievements by allowing existing policies to 'drift', would sharpen Hong Kong's image as a relative outlier in global perspective.
Finance Minister Paul Chan Mo-po also suggested he needs to "strike a balance between different viewpoints" in "avoid[ing] taking care of one policy and ignoring another". In other words, the future development of Hong Kong's social protection policies is primarily a question of compromise and priorities. Whether it will become a priority for the Hong Kong government in the coming year 2019 remains to be seen."
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on January 17, 2019 by stefan-kuehner.
Should MPF reform follow individualistic or collectivist principles? Changing welfare attitudes in Hong Kong provide an answer (in Chinese)
Part of the new Lingnanian Opinion Column for HKET.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on October 4, 2018 by stefan-kuehner.
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Home Features Florida Summer Arts and Entertainment Preview
Florida Summer Arts and Entertainment Preview
Mike Halterman
If you think summer is the low season when it comes to seeing your favorite entertainment acts, think again. A lot of entertainers prefer touring in the summertime, knowing full-well they will have audiences ready to see their shows. A lot of singers are embarking on their first-ever tours this summer too! Below I've outlined 18 different entertainment acts that will be performing in Florida this summer.
You may know her very well as one of the outspoken hosts of CBS's The Talk, but many others may know her from her BET Comic View days, a time where she said she was just "hood famous." Underwood brings her stand-up comedy to Florida while The Talk is on summer hiatus.
When and Where? Tampa Improv, June 12-13
The comedian and former Drop Dead Diva actress has had a lot more time recently to devote to her stand-up and to her numerous social causes. She's talked about some of them on-stage here in Florida; she visited West Palm in September and Tampa in March. Now she's returning for another round of laughs.
When and Where? Orlando Improv, June 19-21
I Love Lucy Live on Stage
Take a trip back to the '50s with this fun and interactive stage show! You'll get to see two episodes of the popular sitcom, complete with '50s-era commercials and sponsor plugs as read by announcers! You'll begin to think Lucy and Desi are actually up there on the stage!
When and Where? Dr. Phillips Center, Orlando, June 23-28
Move: Live on Tour
Dancing with the Stars fans will know the brother-and-sister duo Derek and Julianne Hough; they've snatched quite a few Mirrorball Trophies! Now they're touring nationwide, bringing you a breathtaking mixture of professional ballroom dancing and exciting musical accompaniment.
When and Where? Barbara B. Mann Performing Arts Hall, Fort Myers, June 25; Hard Rock Live Hollywood, June 26; St. Augustine Amphitheater, June 27; Ruth Eckerd Hall, Clearwater, June 28; Dr. Phillips Center, Orlando, June 30
American Idol Live
The penultimate season of the popular FOX reality singing competition has ended, but summertime means the fan favorites will be touring the country, singing some of the songs that made you fall in love with them to begin with. Winner Nick Fradiani and the rest of the top five are coming soon!
When and Where? Ruth Eckerd Hall, Clearwater, July 7; Van Wezel Performing Arts Hall, Sarasota, July 8; King Center for the Performing Arts, Melbourne, July 9; Hard Rock Live Orlando, July 11; Barbara B. Mann Performing Arts Hall, Fort Myers, July 12; Parker Playhouse, Fort Lauderdale, July 14; Florida Theatre, Jacksonville, July 15
Lookingglass Alice
This show comes to Florida after it has wowed tens of thousands of people in the group's home city of Chicago. Lookingglass Alice is a fun and inventive way of retelling Alice in Wonderland, featuring circus-inspired entertainment acts which will keep you on the edge of your seat.
When and Where? Adrienne Arsht Center, Miami, July 8-August 16
Let's go, girls! Most of you can sing a Shania song or two from memory. I know I can! This is the time to see her in person because she hasn't performed a North American tour set in over a decade. Let your hair down, embrace your status as a Shan Fan, and feel like a woman, man!
When and Where? Veterans Memorial Arena, Jacksonville, July 15; AmericanAirlines Arena, Miami, July 16
If you love Top 40 radio, you love Ariana Grande. Her album My Everything has gone five times platinum in the United States, and she's been selling out arenas on her very first headlining tour. She hit two Florida cities in March; now she's coming back to sing in two others.
When and Where? Amalie Arena, Tampa, July 16; BB&T Center, Sunrise, July 18
How you doin'? Wendy has done it all: she's been a radio shock jock, a television talk show host and even an author. Now she's pursuing another dream of hers: stand-up comedy. After a fun engagement in Atlantic City, Wendy's bringing her comedy nationwide.
When and Where? Mahaffey Theater, St. Petersburg, July 18
When you feel sad, push through the pain and achieve your dreams. That's exactly what British crooner Sam Smith did, and he's got the Grammys to prove it! Now he's headlining his first-ever North American tour, where you can hear him sing such hits as "Stay With Me," "I'm Not the Only One," and more!
When and Where? AmericanAirlines Arena, Miami, July 20; Amalie Arena, Tampa, July 21
"Love means never having to say you're sorry." That's the famous line from the film Love Story, which starred the star-crossed Ali MacGraw and Ryan O'Neal. 45 years later, they star in Love Letters, detailing the love and devotion a husband and wife have for one another throughout tragedy and triumph.
When and Where? Broward Center, Fort Lauderdale, July 21-26
You will know her music from a variety of musicals and films. It was Rent that brought her to stardom, Wicked that brought her a Tony Award, and Frozen that brought her a #1 single on the pop charts. Whether you became a fan of Idina Menzel's 20 years ago or yesterday, she will have something for everyone in her live concerts.
When and Where? Dr. Phillips Center, Orlando, July 25; Mizner Park Amphitheater, Boca Raton, July 26; Ruth Eckerd Hall, Clearwater, July 28
Cirque du Soleil: Varekai
"Varekai" means "wherever" in the Roma language, and Cirque du Soleil brings audiences that special sense of adventure. The story of Icarus is retold with a different ending: what would have happened if he fell to Earth and onto a lush, magical island? This show is a treat for nearly all the senses.
When and Where? Amalie Arena, Tampa, August 5-9; BB&T Center, Sunrise, August 12-16
Jill Scott debuted her unique sound 15 years ago. Shortly after, she was crowned "the neo-soul queen" and became the pride of her hometown of Philadelphia. Since then, she has proven she has acting chops in a variety of movies and TV series, but she feels most at home on a stage with a mic.
When and Where? Hard Rock Live Hollywood, August 8; Mahaffey Theater, St. Petersburg, August 9
He's written over 150 parody songs in his 40-year career, and his popularity has only grown with time. Just this past year, he earned his first-ever debut at #1 when he released the album Mandatory Fun. You'll get to hear songs from this album and many of your favorites as he tours Florida this summer.
When and Where? Hard Rock Live Orlando, August 11; Ruth Eckerd Hall, Clearwater, August 13; King Center for the Performing Arts, Melbourne, August 14; Broward Center, Fort Lauderdale, August 15; Florida Theatre, Jacksonville, August 16
She's done every job imaginable in the entertainment industry…you may know her from her critically acclaimed turns in Blackbird and Precious, or you may know her from The Parkers or her role as headmistress in The Flavor of Love Girls Go to Charm School! She dishes about EVERYTHING in her nationwide comedy show.
When and Where? Orlando Improv, August 21-22
You see her weekdays on the chat show The Real and weekly on TruTV's World's Dumbest; now it's time to see Loni Love in person and hear her hilarious brand of comedy! Make sure you wave your hands when she calls for her "sugar sticks" out in the audience! (That's what she calls her gay fans — because they're so sweet!)
When and Where? Fort Lauderdale Improv, August 21-23
Florida residents: we are under an official Ginger Alert! This British cutie, who has received Grammy Award nominations for Album of the Year and Song of the Year, will be bringing his world tour stateside. His soft acoustic style and infectious smile will make all the boys faint!
When and Where? Amway Center, Orlando, September 8; AmericanAirlines Arena, Miami, September 9
Be sure to read our Summer TV Preview that is coming up in next week's issue of Hotspots!
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Mike Halterman has been the editor of Hotspots Central since its launch in July 2016. He joined the Hotspots Media Group family as editor of Hotspots' South Florida magazine in June 2013. A former "40 Under 40" honoree in The Advocate magazine, Mike lives in the Tampa Bay area.
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News from LMCU: Drive a little, save a lot!
Your next great used car deal is closer than you think. Lake Michigan Auto Center has special shipments of fresh vehicles arriving daily. These are clean, low mileage, well maintained autos that have all been put through a rigorous 30-inspection process. From the hot and stylish, to the rugged and hard-working, you'll find just the right vehicle for your needs. And if you don't see it, we can get it!
Our lowest financing rates ever!
Need financing? Get LMCU financing as low as 2.75% APR* for 63 months with approved credit! And get great rates on an insurance policy too, right here at Lake Michigan Auto Center. For details, visit LMCU.org/Autocenter, call (616) 643-0605, or visit the Auto Center, located south on 32nd Ave. (Exit 62) @ I-196 in Hudsonville.
*APR= Annual percentage rate. With approved credit through LMCU. Includes sales tax, license transfer and title (new plate, if needed would be extra). Subject to prior sale. May not be combined with any other offer. Offer good through 09/20/13. Monthly payment based on sales price of $15,900, a cash down payment or trade in or $3,692 and financing for 63 months with an APR of 2.75%. Terms may vary based on credit.


Reuters reports that the Paris prosecutor's office on Monday opened a manslaughter investigation into the crash of EgyptAir flight MS804, as the doomed jet's black box memory chips were sent to France for fix.
Next, the investigators will start trying to remove more salt deposits from the cockpit voice recorder - which will give a window into the final moments as the pilot and co-pilot presumably battled to save the jet.
A flight-data recorder will store technical parameters from the previous 25 hours of a plane's operations.
Agnes Thibault-Lecuivre, a spokeswoman for the prosecutors' office, said it was being treated "as a criminal case, not a terrorism investigation". The cause of the plane's crash as it traveled from Paris to Cairo on May 17 is yet to be given.
Amid speculations that either mechanical failure or terrorist attack caused the crash, investigators are looking to extract any bytes of the data to find the critical evidence needed to reveal the cause of the crash.
The repaired black boxes will be returned to Cairo for analysis in Egypt's aviation ministry laboratories, the committee previously said.
EgyptAir flight MS804 spiralled down into the Mediterranean on May the 19th on its way from Paris to Cairo, killing all 66 people on board.
Outlander: Get a First Look at Brianna and Roger!
Wimbledon 2016: When does Andy Murray play next?
Clippers to trade Blake Griffin for Kevin Durant?


FLAC to MP3 Converter enables you convert FLAC to MP3 Audio. FLAC stands for Free Lossless Audio Codec, an audio format similar to MP3, but lossless, meaning that audio is compressed in FLAC without any loss in quality. Now you can enjoy the versatile audios on your MP3 Player wherever and whenever. Simple settings, high speed, and friendly. Freeware download of 1Flac FLAC to MP3 Converter 1.0.2, size 7.65 Mb.


text:
Q: Searching the closest value in other column Suppose we have a data frame of two columns
 X    Y
 10  14
 12  16
 14  17
 15  19
 21  19

The first element of Y that is 14, the nearest value (or same) to it is 14 (which is 3rd element of X). Similarly, next element of Y is closest to 15 that is 4th element of X
So, the output I would like should be
3
4
4
5
5

As my data is large, Can you give me some advice on the systemic/proper code for doing it?

A: You can try this piece of code:
apply(abs(outer(d$X,d$Y,FUN = '-')),2,which.min)
# [1] 3 4 4 5 5

Here, abs(outer(d$X,d$Y,FUN = '-')) returns a matrix of unsigned differences between d$X and d$Y, and apply(...,2,which.min) will return position of the minimum by row.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


In 1958, when Leo and Virginia Sloan entered the appliance service business, they set out to provide the best service in their market. Over the years, the name "Sloan Appliance Service" became synonymous with quality.
This commitment continued into the sixties, when Whirlpool's Steve Upton visited the company. Deeply impressed, Upton made Sloan Appliance one of the first authorized service centers in the United States.
Today, Sloan Appliance has grown to fifteen employees and is more successful than ever.
© 2019 Greater Cayce-West Columbia Chamber & Visitor Center.


founded in 1996 in Stavanger on Norway's west coast by Siv Helene Stangeland & Reinhard Kropf. Today, we are also located in Oslo.
from 10 different countries, a youthful team on the move. Our collaborations and projects are increasingly international.
in different scales & scopes, from single family houses to large public buildings, from offices and housing projects to master planning.
design, not only in the design of spaces, but also in the conception & organization of the design process, including building & fabrication.


text:
Home news Get Higher Cardiovascular Results By Following three Easy Steps
Get Higher Cardiovascular Results By Following three Easy Steps
Furthermore, our immune metric for human health can identify within healthy older adults with no clinical or laboratory evidence of cardiovascular illness, these in danger for early cardiovascular aging. Once airflow obstruction has been confirmed, acquiring evidence of excessive variability in expiratory lung function is an integral part of the diagnosis of asthma. Apple has also asked part suppliers to delay some shipments to assemblers, sources mentioned. However, disruption from the COVID-19 pandemic has made it difficult for Apple and its suppliers to travel again and forth to confirm the brand new specs, making it hard to discover difficulties with the design until take a look at production begins, two of the folks mentioned. For instance, Apple suppliers earlier this yr had been battling with production constraints associated to mini-LED displays utilized in the brand new 12.9-inch iPad Pro. While production of the watch could also be experiencing issues, these points might solely result in delayed shipping of the gadget reasonably than a delay in its announcement. It's unclear if any production delay would have an effect on launch timing of the Apple Watch Series 7. Apple has unveiled new Apple Watch models in September for 5 consecutive years, dating back to the Apple Watch Series 2 in 2016. Even with reported production delays, the Apple Watch Series 7 may still be announced in September as properly, however pre-orders could face lengthier shipping estimates as a consequence of brief provide.
While the wrist is down, the Always-On Retina display is as much as 70% brighter indoors than the earlier Watch, making it easier to see the watch face without having to elevate the wrist or wake the display. This Watch had a chip 70% faster than its predecessor, elevated RAM, and launched the LTE cellular connectivity variant with 16GB of storage. Centralized storage and compute services are easy to deal with when it comes to operations as a result of they are in a logically and bodily centralized location, akin to nearly in a public cloud. In 2019, the Apple Watch Series 5 was a notable improve over the Series 4: Apple launched an Always-On show with an power-saving LTOP OLED screen, a constructed-in compass, doubled the storage with 32GB and introduced again the Edition tier with a ceramic mannequin and a brand new titanium version. In 2020, Apple introduced the Apple Watch Series 6. This Watch introduced a new S6 processor, up to 20% quicker than its predecessor, a brighter Always-On display, a blood oxygen app, and an at all times-on altimeter, alongside new health sensors. With the Apple Watch Series 5, the S5 chip had the same performance as the S4 SoC however brought a Compass feature constructed-in as nicely.
Nikkei Asia's report also claimed that the Apple Watch Sequence 7 will be able to measure blood pressure, however Gurman said this is not true. Apple solely revealed the beginning worth of the 41mm Watch: $399. In 2021, Apple unveiled the Apple Watch Series 7 with a extra durable and bigger display, now with 41mm and 45mm. It's now more crack-resistant. Priced at $99, it's a similarly-priced different to the Withings BPM Join and is ideal for these already immersed in the Qardio ecosystem. The S7 SiP has a 64-bit twin-core processor. Apple Watch Series 4, which launched a yr later, featured a serious redesign with a screen that was 30% bigger in both models and a 50% improvement on its processor over the Series 3 version. Other new features embody a larger display with smaller bezels, a faster processor and new color options. Other rumours have steered that the usually-rumoured Apple Watch blood sugar monitoring options won't be making their approach to the wearable this year both. It syncs knowledge to your iPhone by way of WiFi or Bluetooth and is rock stable by way of reliability, and I've been utilizing it for a very long time. One of the most popular finances options for syncing health knowledge to your iPhone is the 1byone Blood Pressure Monitor. Earlier this 12 months, we broke down one of the best sensible scales for syncing weight with iPhone.
Don't neglect to take a look at our wealth of Warframe guides, from the very best builds for Nidus, Atlas, Oberon, and more to our Warframe Xaku talents guide. The perfect instruments we've to turn this round is for more individuals to get vaccinated and to wear masks indoors and in out of doors crowded public places. They used modeling to estimate high blood pressure rates across populations, as well because the quantity of individuals taking treatment for the situation. The affected person can stay a healthy life. Chronic care management options contain efforts taken by an outlined set of patients and numerous health care professionals to enhance health outcomes and the standard of life of patients. Perhaps the artificial intelligence (AI) doesn't save your life immediately, nevertheless it significantly does cut back the chance of being injured or killed during your trip. Though it typically doesn't trigger any visible signs by itself, chronic hypertension can stress and harm the physique, significantly the cardiovascular system, over time; this then raises the chance of different conditions like heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease. Unlike all the rumors, the new Apple Watch Series 7 doesn't characteristic a brand new design.


I tried locating the fuse for the tailgate but unable to find it, or understand the abbreviations. The fuse box information is on pg. 425, and emergency on how to open the tailgate from the inside is on page 429 of the owner's manual. good luck.
Thank you sir I'll tackle this issue 1st thing in the morning. I'll report back.
Maybe a lack of lubrication issue - something just sticking.
Yea I thought the same thing but when I opened the tailgate manually I saw that it had lub already and plenty of it. I'm begining to think that my wife probably closed it but didn't put enough force to lock it. Maybe got stuck in between. As soon as I opened it and closed it everything else went back to normal.
Last edited by FitRaptor; 12-27-2017 at 10:18 AM.
yah, that's possible. as long as it doesnt occur on a regular basis, im sure it's fine.
Thank you gentlemen and or ladies.
Was it frozen? Did you wash the car and get water in it?
After 5 months the problem came back!  this time for good I think. I opened it manually and failed to reset. Nothing works. I will try and find the fuse and go from there.
Trying to figure my fob out and how unlocking doors works.


text:
LOAN APPLICATION CENTERABOUT USCONTACT US
Licensed in: Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Utah
NMLS #: WA - 63201, OR - 3363, ID - 9133, UT - 4975274
Company NMLS: #63201, 3363, 9133, 4975274
http://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/63201
365 118th Ave SE #200
amy@homelinkmtg.com
Homelink Mortgage Inc Accessibility Statement
Homelink Mortgage Inc strives to ensure that its services are accessible to people with disabilities. Homelink Mortgage Inc has invested a significant amount of resources to help ensure that its website is made easier to use and more accessible for people with disabilities, with the strong belief that every person has the right to live with dignity, equality, comfort and independence.
Accessibility on Homelink Mortgage Inc website
Homelink Mortgage Inc makes available the UserWay Website Accessibility Widget that is powered by a dedicated accessibility server. The software allows homelinkmtg.net to improve its compliance with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1).
Homelink Mortgage Inc accessibility menu can be enabled by clicking the accessibility menu icon that appears on the corner on the page. After triggering the accessibility menu, please wait a moment for the accessibility menu to load in its entirety.
Homelink Mortgage Inc continues its efforts to constantly improve the accessibility of its site and services in the belief that it is our collective moral obligation to allow seamless, accessible and unhindered use also for those of us with disabilities.
Despite our efforts to make all pages and content on Homelink Mortgage Inc website fully accessible, some content may not have yet been fully adapted to the strictest accessibility standards. This may be a result of not having found or identified the most appropriate technological solution.
If you are experiencing difficulty with any content on Homelink Mortgage Inc website or require assistance with any part of our site, please contact us during normal business hours as detailed below and we will be happy to assist.
If you wish to report an accessibility issue, have any questions or need assistance, please contact us by sending an email to: amy@homelinkmtg.com


Fake and counterfeit alcohol poses a serious risk to public health. Reports have indicated that people who have ingested fake alcohol have suffered effects that range from excessive vomiting and headaches to breathing difficulties, blindness, seizures and even death. This illegal trade is on the rise as the consequences of being caught making fake alcohol are far less than that of making and dealing in illegal drugs.
Even legally produced alcohol is being stolen by organised crime units, whilst being transported and being sold in the black market. This further decreases the profit margins of genuine alcohol manufacturers.
Some well-known brands are being counterfeited.
Counterfeit alcohol traders take advantage of the easy border entry across Africa and the world.
Manufacturers can implement reward and loyalty programmes. If consumers scan the 2D code on the alcohol bottle and provide pertinent information (i.e what store they bought the alcohol at), consumers could be rewarded with coupons or discounts on their next purchase. When fake codes are scanned, the geolocation of these codes can be identified for further enquiry by law enforcement.
Using Pelta™ and our patented technology, the covert 2nd layer is encrypted and is uncopiable. Since counterfeiters are unable to copy the secure code, law enforcement may be able to identify the fake alcohol and confiscate it during raids – before it even reaches the consumer.
When alcohol is stolen in transit, the unique serialised numbers of the stolen batch can be signalled on the system. When law enforcement scans the codes during searches or raids, they would immediately be able to establish that the alcohol found was part of a stolen batch.
Pagemark Track and Trace software can enable manufacturers to geo-track their products. If a coded product is scanned in an unintended destination or in many locations in a short space of time, the software notifies the manufacturer of this diversion.


The Pocket Pegs mount panels, signs, pictures, and more to any wall. First use a Kreg Jig to drill 1/2 inch hole into the panel, insert the pocket peg, remove adhesive backing, place traction dots, position on a wall and press to secure Pocket Pegs to the wall. For added support, simply fasten a Kolbe Korner screw into the Pocket Peg holes.
Width .75" x length 3" per Pocket Peg.
Are the tabs like the Command strips that just pull down to remove?
Yes, the adhesive removes just like 3M Command Strip where you pull down on the tab at the bottom.


Toolcrib.com sells cordless power tools, air tools and reconditioned hand tools for woodworking and all types of repairs.
Find electronic courses and components sale and spare parts for consoles, laptops, tablets, mobiles, TVs and more. Incopia2 provides multi-service, repairs portable plates and general electronics.
Based near Cambridge, UK products & services include: new and used compact tractors, mowers, groundcare and turfcare machinery, we offer full workshop facilities for repairs and an extensive spares store. We are John Deere compact tractor and mower dealers, and importers for the Muratori range of mowers, rotary hoes and tractor attachments. Scamblers also offer a wide range of both professional and domestic power hand tools, including chainsaws, brushcutters, hedge trimmers and cutters.
Carlton Services provides air conditioning maintenance and catering equipment repairs.
24 hour London electrical services. Our emergency electricians in London cover electrical repairs and fault finding on lights, wiring, outlets, fuse box... We also cover London electrical maintenance and electrical installations for domestic and commercial properties.


A 5 min walk from our B & B in the main square of the city you will find Palazzo Ducale, home to numerous exhibitions as well as the palace itself of great artistic interest. In Piazza Matteotti in front of the main entrance of the building is a very interesting exhibition of one of the most intense artists of photography Steve McCurry.
Travel around the man. Over 200 large-format photographs make up the anthology that collects the most 'famous shots of the last 30 years of the photographer in Philadelphia.
Intense portraits, landscapes, streets that are lost horizon combine to create an exhibition rich and full of charm. In addition to shots that have made him famous all over the world – such as the portrait of the Afghan girl featured on the cover of "National Geographic" in June 1985 – will present the most recent work along with some unreleased never exposed.
We hope you'll be satisfied as of this beautiful city in all its forms and staying in our Bed & Breakfast you can fully enjoy your stay in our company.


I think it's amazing that you guys managed to pull that off in less than a year.
We've managed to get 205 million points since that time. Freaking amazing.
Hehehe I wasn't even on the list back then. I had 1000PPD Tops from my gear.
Yup wicked job guys! I think that all 128 of us have shown that we are a top team for sure.
Keep it up everyone! taking, and keeping, ranking spots will get harder and harder.
Yup wicked job guys! I think that all 2^7 of us have shown that we are a top team for sure.
Feels like I fell off the face of the planet @ 18,000 ppd. Can't wait to get home to get everything rocking again.
The gpu folders are the most reliable for unattended folding, I still have some PCIE slots to fill.


I never would have imagined such a hubbub over skin color! rilly!?
I asked if it is an American "thing". In Canada we, collectively, find ourselves scratching our head over things that get Americans all worked up and hot under the collar. Honestly I would never have imagined that it was "important" that Margrit had one white parent. wowza.
Proof positive that Canada is not America Lite.


DirectoryofSussex.co.uk is a highly targeted site that provides easily accessible information to help businesses and potential customers connect with each other in West and East Sussex.
Reach a local audience and improve brand awareness!
Businesses are having to reach customers via more diverse and complex routes. We can help your business meet that challenge by offering you an innovative new advertising and seo package.
Display advertising, promotion on Twitter and online PR!


A real rose bud picked at its perfect stage of bloom.
Approx. 7" inches in length.
Everlasting 24 karat gold rose buds an impressive gift for someone you love and care.
There are gifts for golden moments; and then there are gifts that make the moments golden. And for either, we, at Everlasting Roses, have the perfect gift option for you; 24K Gold dipped roses.
The purity of the gold and the utmost quality of the rose ensure that not just the moment, but also the gift would last a lifetime.
More sizes options available to suit your requirements; do check them out!
You're reviewing:24k GOLD DIPPED NATURAL ROSE BUD 7"


text:
The 2010 Piala Indonesia was the fifth edition of Piala Indonesia, the nationwide football cup tournament in Indonesia, involving professional clubs from Indonesia Super League, Premier Division and First Division. Sriwijaya FC was the tournament's defending champions. The winner of the tournament qualified to play for 2011 AFC Champions League qualification. RCTI was appointed as the official TV broadcaster for this tournament.

Sriwijaya FC became champions for the third year in a row after a 2–1 victory over Arema Indonesia in the final match at Manahan Stadium, Solo.

Regulation
Each club was allowed to play no more than three foreign players in each match.

First group stage

Group A
All group matches played in Palembang.

Group B
All group matches played in Lamongan and Gresik.

Group C
All group matches played in Karawang.

Group D
All group matches played in Kediri and Blitar.

Group E
All group matches played in Malang.

Group F
All group matches played in Surabaya.

Group G
All group matches played in Samarinda.

Group H
All group matches played in Jayapura.

Second group stage
In the second group stage, the teams that advanced from the first group stage were divided into 4 groups. Each group played in specific cities (Group 9 in Palembang, Group 10 in Surabaya, Group 11 in Malang, and Group 12 in Jayapura).

Group 9
Five group matches played in Palembang and one in Solo

Group 10
All group matches played in Surabaya

Group 11
All group matches played in Malang

Group 12
All group matches played in Jayapura

Knockout stage
Each tie in the quarter-finals was played over two legs, with each team playing one leg at home. The team that has the higher aggregate score over the two legs progresses to the next round. Goal difference is the first tiebreaker used to rank teams which finish with an equal number of points. If aggregate scores finish level and goal difference are equal, then the team that scored more goals away from home over the two legs progresses. If away goals are also equal, 30 minutes of extra time are played. If there are goals scored during extra time and the aggregate score is still level, the visiting team qualifies by virtue of more away goals scored. If no goals are scored during extra time, there is a penalty shootout after extra time.

In the draw for the quarter-finals, teams are randomized. There were no seedings, and teams from the same group may be drawn with each other. The four group winners were drawn against the four group runners-up.

All times WIB

Qualified teams

Bracket

Quarter-finals

Pelita Jaya – Persipura
First game

Second game

Persipura Jayapura won 7–1 on aggregate.

Sriwijaya FC – Persebaya
First game

Second game

Sriwijaya FC won 2–1 on aggregate.

Persija – Persik
First game

Second game

Persik Kediri won 5–4 on aggregate.

Arema – Persib
First game

Second game

Arema Indonesia won 3–2 on aggregate.

Semi-finals

Persipura – Sriwijaya FC

Persik – Arema

Third place

Final

Top goalscorers
Cristian Gonzalez won the Top Scorer Award with 10 goals.

See also
 2009–10 Indonesia Super League
 2009-10 Liga Indonesia Premier Division

References

External links
(Official Website) Indonesian
(Group stage schedule) Indonesian
(Round of 16 Group drawing) Indonesian
(Round of 16 Schedule) Indonesian
(Quarter-finals drawing) Indonesian

2010
Piala Indonesia
Piala Indonesia

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