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Chesterfield County, Virginia facts for kids
Chesterfield County, Virginia
Location in the state of Virginia
Virginia's location in the U.S.
Chesterfield Court House
437 sq mi (1,132 km²)
14 sq mi (36 km²), 3.1%
PopulationEst.
742/sq mi (286.5/km²)
Website: www.chesterfield.gov
Named for: Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield
County flag
Chesterfield County is a United States county located just south of Richmond in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The county borders are primarily defined by the James River to the north, and the Appomattox River to the South. Its county seat is Chesterfield Court House.
Chesterfield County was formed in 1749 from parts of Henrico County. It was named for Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, a prominent English statesman who had been the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
As of the 2010 census, the population was 316,236, making it the third-most populous county in Virginia (behind Fairfax County and Prince William County, respectively). In July 2014, the population was estimated to be 330,043. Chesterfield County is part of the Greater Richmond Region, and much of the northern portion of the county is referred to as Richmond's "South Side".
Part of Henrico Citie, Henrico Shire, Henrico County
Chesterfield County formed
Early ports, coal, roads, turnpikes and railroads
Former areas lost to new independent cities
Annexation issues
Revisions in state annexation laws
Highways, transportation, tolls
Adjacent counties
National protected areas
Major highways
Town twinning
Census-designated places
Other unincorporated communities
Main page: History of Virginia
During the early 17th century, shortly after the settlement of Jamestown in 1607, English settlers and explorers began settling other areas. One of the more progressive developments in the colony was Henricus, founded under the guidance of Sir Thomas Dale. It was to include a college to help educate Virginia Indians, as well as the children of settlers. Dale was accompanied by men known as the "Hammours". These veterans of the Low Country wars were heavily armed and better trained than settlers of Jamestown.
Dale wrote about the site: "Eighty miles up our river from Jamestown, I have surveyed a convenient, strong, healthie and sweete site to plant a new towne (according as I had instructions upon my departure) there to build whence might be removed the principal site." Today known as Farrars Island, the site was on a neck of land with 5,000 acres (20 km2) and a shoreline of seven miles (11 km) on the James River. The English settlers soon built a palisade and moat-like ditch to protect entrance to the 174-yard (159 m) wide neck from the shore area.
Dale named the new settlement Henricus in honor of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, the elder son of King James I. When finished in 1619, "Henricus Citie" contained three streets of well-framed houses, a church, storehouses, a hospital, and watchtowers. 1619 was a watershed year for the Virginia Colony. Henrico and three other large citties (sic) were formed, one of which included what is now Chesterfield County. That year Falling Creek Ironworks, the first in what is now the United States, was established slightly west on the creek near its confluence with the James River. In the Indian Massacre of 1622, Native Americans destroyed Henrico City and the ironworks to try to drive away the English. These were not rebuilt. The colony did not gain a college until 1693, when the College of William and Mary was awarded a royal charter in the capital.
In 1634, the King of England directed the formation of eight shires (or counties) in the colony of Virginia. One of these was Henrico County, which incorporated a large area on both sides of the James River.
The 4th Earl of Chesterfield, for who Chesterfield County was named
On 25 May 1749, the Virginia House of Burgesses separated Chesterfield from Henrico County and created the new county. The first county seat was established at Chesterfield Court House. It has continued as county seat except for 1870–1876, during Reconstruction, when the county government was located at Manchester. The latter community has been subsumed by South Richmond.
The legislature named the county for the former British Secretary of State, Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield. Lord Chesterfield was famous for his "good manners and writings". One of his most frequently used sayings implies avoiding rudeness; "An injury is much sooner forgotten than an insult." Many years later, Chesterfield Cigarettes were named after this county.
In 1939 during the Great Depression, the Virginia State Police moved their offices from downtown Richmond to a seven-room farmhouse located on 65 acres (260,000 m2) of land 3½ miles west on route 60. This structure served as administrative headquarters and barracks. The State Police have since built a new administrative headquarters and an academy here.
Prior to the American Revolutionary War, a thriving port town named Warwick was located at the northwestern confluence of Falling Creek and the James River. It was destroyed during that war, and not rebuilt. (Near the present-day DuPont facility at Ampthill, the site is not open to the public.) Another early port town was Port Walthall on the north shore of the Appomattox River, near the current Point-of-Rocks Park.
Coal mining in the Midlothian area of Chesterfield County began in the 18th century. Around 1701, French Huguenot settlers to the area discovered coal. In a 1709 diary entry William Byrd II, the wealthy planter who had purchased 344 acres (1.4 km2) of land in the area, noted that "the coaler found the coal mine very good and sufficient to furnish several generations." Commercially mined beginning in the 1730s, the coal fueled the production of cannon at Westham (near the present Huguenot Memorial Bridge) during the American Revolutionary War. In 1831, the Chesterfield Railroad was constructed to transport coal by gravity and mule power to Manchester, Virginia on the south side of the James River across from Richmond, Virginia.
The Manchester Turnpike in Chesterfield County, completed in 1807, was the first graveled roadway of any length in Virginia. The toll road ran between the coal mining area of Midlothian near the headwaters of Falling Creek and the James River port of Manchester. The current Midlothian Turnpike (U.S. Route 60) generally follows the earlier route.
Created in 1816, the Virginia Board of Public Works was a governmental agency which oversaw and helped finance the development of Virginia's internal transportation improvements during the 19th century. In that era, it was customary to invest public funds in private companies, which were the forerunners of the public service and utility companies of modern times. Claudius Crozet (1789–1864), a civil engineer and educator who helped found the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), was Principal Engineer and later Chief Engineer for the Board of Public Works. He supervised the planning and construction of many of the canals, turnpikes, bridges and railroads in Virginia, including the area which is now West Virginia.
The Board partially engineered and funded new turnpikes, which were operated by private companies to collect tolls. The Manchester and Petersburg Turnpike, which preceded much of the current Jefferson Davis Highway (U.S. Routes 1–301), was one of these. A canal was built in the Manchester section of Chesterfield to enable transporting coal around the James River falls. Portions are extant and may be seen near the south end of Richmond's Mayo Bridge. This canal is not as well known as the larger James River and Kanawha Canal, which was constructed along the north bank at Richmond, and extended many miles to the west.
To improve access to markets, in 1825, a group of mine owners, including Nicholas Mills, Beverley Randolph and Abraham S. Wooldridge, resolved to build a tramway. (The Wooldridge brothers hailed from East Lothian and West Lothian in Scotland, and named their mining company Mid-Lothian, the source of the modern community name). In 1831, the Chesterfield Railroad opened as the first railroad in Virginia; it carried coal from mines near Falling Creek to the docks at the fall line on the James River. Later railroad lines connecting these areas included the Richmond and Danville Railroad (R&D) (which put the Chesterfield Railroad out of business) and the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad. They were both completed before the American Civil War, in which they provided important transportation for Southern supplies and men.
The Clover Hill Railroad was built to haul coal, mined in Chesterfield at the Clover Hill Pitts to ports at Osborne's Landing. This railroad was replaced by the Brighthope Railway, which was, in 1881, narrowed into a narrow gauge railroad and rerouted to the tiny village of Bermuda Hundred, a port on the James River near the mouth of the Appomattox River. The Brighthope Railway was sold in foreclosure and restructured as the Farmville and Powhatan Railroad, later renamed the Tidewater and Western Railroad, extended to Farmville in Prince Edward County. Although long gone, portions of the old rail bed may be seen along Beach Road near the entrance to Pocahontas State Park. A water stop station in the Park remains and Beach Station remains as a national historic landmark.
After Reconstruction, the R&D became part of the Southern Railway. It is now part of Norfolk Southern Railway. The Richmond Petersburg Railroad became part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad. In 1900, a mostly parallel line was built by the Seaboard Air Line Railroad, with a branch line to Hopewell. Through the restructuring of the railroad industry beginning in 1960, the CSX Transportation system eventually absorbed parts of both these lines.
During the American Civil War (1861–1865), Drewry's Bluff became a key defensive point for Confederate forces to block the Union's vastly superior Navy from taking Richmond by way of the James River. During the Siege of Petersburg (1864–65), a long defensive works through the county was part of the Confederacy's Richmond-Petersburg line of land defenses. Railroad lines passing through Petersburg finally proved the key to the fall of Richmond in 1865, effectively ending the War.
A normal school founded by the state after the American Civil War primarily to help educate freed men eventually became Virginia State University, located in the Ettrick area near Petersburg and Colonial Heights.
Manchester (directly across the James River from the City of Richmond) was the county seat of Chesterfield County from 1870 until 1876, when it was moved to the present location at Chesterfield Court House. The City of Manchester had meanwhile left Chesterfield in 1874 to become an independent city, and merged with the City of Richmond by mutual agreement in 1910. It is now known as a part of South Richmond.
Colonial Heights was formerly an incorporated town in Chesterfield County, and became an independent city in 1948. Over half a century later, the two neighbors continued to share provision of some governmental services.
Chesterfield County shares borders with four independent cities, and was long exposed to annexation suits from any of them under Virginia law. The county lost territory to the City of Richmond through several annexations in the 20th century, including one in 1944. The city tried to annex more of the county in 1970, an action that created controversy.
While the annexation lawsuit filed by Richmond in 1965 was being heard, with the city seeking 51 square miles (132 km2) of the county, the leaders of the two jurisdictions, Irvin G. Horner, Chairman of the Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors, and Phil J. Bagley, Jr., the Mayor of Richmond, met privately and agreed to a compromise. In May 1969, the city and Chesterfield County approved what was called the Horner-Bagley Compromise, incorporated in a court decree of 12 July 1969. This effectively shut out a number of third parties attempting to block the annexation, and they believed they had been excluded from the process. A small commuter bus company held operating rights in the county, but the expanded city granted the franchise to a competitor.
Richmond annexed 23 square miles (60 km2) of the county, including fire stations, parks, and other infrastructure, such as water and sewer lines. Under the agreement, the county school system also conveyed about a dozen public schools, support buildings, and future school sites to the City of Richmond to be operated by Richmond Public Schools. Residents of the annexed area were unhappy about this change, as Richmond Public Schools was already involved in a contentious racial desegregation lawsuit in the Federal courts because of its failure to integrate. The transferred schools included Huguenot High School, Fred D. Thompson Middle School, Elkhardt Middle School, and eight elementary schools. In 1971, the federal court ordered these schools included in a citywide desegregation busing program. This ended in the 1990s.
Many of the 47,000 residents who lived in the annexed area had been opposed to the action. They fought unsuccessfully for more than 7 years in the courts to have the agreement reversed. Some called the annexed 23 square miles (60 km2) area "Occupied Chesterfield."
Many black residents of Richmond also opposed the annexation, claiming that it violated the National Voting Rights Act of 1965. They said the city had deliberately diminished their voting power by adding the white voters of the annexed area, which diluted the black vote within the city. In 1970 the pre-annexation population of the city was 202,359, of which 104,207 or 52% were black citizens. The annexation added 47,262 people, of whom 45,705 were non-black and 1,557 were black. The total post-annexation population was 249,621 and 42% black.
The plaintiffs prevailed in federal court. The city created an electoral ward system to ensure blacks did not lose their voting power, changing what had been a system of electing all city council positions at large (by which the majority population would more easily prevail). Under the ward system, four wards had a predominantly white population, four wards had a predominantly black population, and one ward had a population that was 59% white and 41% black. Soon after the ward system was established, the city elected its first black mayor .
Many political leaders have long believed that Virginia's annexation laws have created a barrier to regional cooperation among localities. The issues resulting from the 1970 Richmond-Chesterfield case were considered prime examples of obstacles to regional cooperation as the state legislators considered changes. In 1979, the Virginia General Assembly adopted legislation that allowed any county meeting certain population and density standards to petition the local circuit court to declare the county permanently immune from annexation. In 1981, Chesterfield County and several other counties in the state sought and received such immunity from further annexation by Richmond.
Recognizing the controversy surrounding annexations in Virginia, in 1987, the General Assembly placed a moratorium on future annexations of any county by any city. When this moratorium expires, as it is currently scheduled to do in 2010, Chesterfield County remains immune from annexation by Richmond because of the 1981 state grant of immunity. Unless new revenue sharing or other agreements are reached, the county is at risk to annexation suits by any of the smaller independent cities of Colonial Heights, Hopewell, and Petersburg which adjoin it.
See also: Political subdivisions of Virginia
For more details, see Transportation in Richmond, Virginia
Beginning especially in the second half of the 20th century, Chesterfield grew exponentially, most of all as a commuter town of Richmond. The Richmond-Petersburg Interurban Electric Railway, local streetcar service, and commuter rail service of the Southern Railway to Bon Air had all ended by 1957.
Although some bus routes extended into the county from both cities, the county did not fund transit bus service when the large systems in Richmond and Petersburg converted to governmentally subsidized operations in the 1970s. Privately owned suburban bus services, such as that operated by Virginia Overland Transportation could not operate profitably, even when funded with start-up money through state demonstration program grants. County leaders believed the Chesterfield residents were committed to individual auto use for most local, commuter, and through transportation of people. With the increases in population, traffic, and poor air quality, some residents have asked the county to fund commuter bus services. Further complicating the issue is the general lack of sidewalks along most roads, adding to residents' dependence on motor vehicles.
Although the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) built interstate, primary and secondary highways throughout the 20th century, they quickly filled with traffic as the population and use of autos increased. Customary funding sources were insufficient to raise the monies needed for highway construction. Opened in 1958, and funded through toll revenue bonds, the Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike was a toll highway which paralleled U.S. 1 and U.S. Route 301 between the northern edge of Richmond and the southern limits of Petersburg. Its portion through Chesterfield County was the longest section of its mileage. Conceived prior to the creation of the Interstate Highway System, the roadway was made toll-free in 1992. The former Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike forms a vital portion of Interstate 95 in central Virginia, including the northernmost portion of Interstate 85 near Petersburg.
The Powhite Parkway Extension of the Powhite Parkway in Richmond, Virginia (a toll road operated by the Richmond Metropolitan Authority) was built and opened in 1988. The extension in Chesterfield County is operated by and the tolls are collected by VDOT. (The entire route in Richmond and Chesterfield is signed as Virginia State Route 76). The county extension begins at the exit for State Route 150 (Chippenham Parkway), and includes major exits for U.S. Route 60 west of Richmond, and State Route 288 in the Midlothian area. The southern terminus of State Route 76 is near the Brandermill development. Today the Powhite Parkway features a new highspeed toll system that allows smart-tag and e-z pass holders to travel through at speeds of 45–50 mph.
The Pocahontas Parkway, a 8.8-mile (14.2 km) toll road known as State Route 895, connects the junction of Interstate 95 and State Route 150 in Chesterfield County with Interstate 295 near Richmond International Airport in Henrico County, forming part of a southeastern bypass of Richmond. The roadway features the high-level Vietnam Veterans Memorial Bridge over the shipping channel of the James River downstream from the deep-water Port of Richmond, to allow ample clearance for ocean-going vessels.
Although Route 895 had been planned for many years, sufficient state and federal construction funds were not available at the time of construction, but the state encouraged innovative funding. In 1995, the Virginia General Assembly passed the Public-Private Transportation Act, to allow private entities to propose solutions for designing, constructing, financing and operating transportation improvements. A public-private partnership developed a proposal acceptable to the state. Since construction, the partnership has collected tolls to recover costs. The toll collection facility features one of the Richmond area's high-speed open lanes, enabling vehicles to travel through at highway speeds with a Smart Tag or other compatible electronic toll collection transponder.
The large planned community of Brandermill, which includes a conference center, was named in 1977 the "best planned community in America" by Better Homes and Gardens magazine and the National Association of Homebuilders.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 437 square miles (1,130 km2), of which 423 square miles (1,100 km2) is land and 14 square miles (36 km2) (3.1%) is water.
Chesterfield County is largely bordered by two rivers which define miles of its boundaries. The major adjoining cities each originated at the head of navigation of these river, called the fall line. There, the hillier and rockier Piedmont region falls to the sandy and mostly flat eastern coastal plain Tidewater region, a change which creates barriers for ships going upstream on the rivers. Chesterfield County includes areas of both regions.
Richmond and Manchester were formed at the fall line of the James River. Most of the northern portion of Chesterfield County is part of what is called Richmond's "South Side". As the James River flows east to Richmond and then turns almost due south below the fall line for about 8 miles (13 km) before turning east, Henrico County encompasses much of Richmond's West End, North Side, and East End areas.
Chesterfield County borders on the Appomattox River to the south. Much of the southern and eastern portions of the county are considered part of the Tri-Cities area, which includes Petersburg, located at the fall line.
Henrico County, Virginia – northeast
Richmond, Virginia – northeast
Charles City County, Virginia – east
Hopewell, Virginia – southeast
Prince George County, Virginia – southeast
Colonial Heights, Virginia – southeast
Petersburg, Virginia – southeast
Dinwiddie County, Virginia – south
Amelia County, Virginia – southwest
Powhatan County, Virginia – northwest
Presquile National Wildlife Refuge
Richmond National Battlefield Park (part)
SR 76 (Toll)
SR 895 (Toll)
1790 14,214 —
1800 14,488 1.9%
1820 18,003 80.4%
1840 17,148 −8.0%
1900 18,804 −28.3%
1980 141,372 83.9%
Est. 2015 335,687 6.2%
At the 2010 census, there were 316,236 people, 115,680 households and 86,237 families residing in the county. The population density was 610 per square mile (236/km²).
There were 97,707 housing units at an average density of 230 per square mile (89/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 68.3% White, 21.9% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 3.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.4% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. 7.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
The largest ancestry groups in Chesterfield County include African (18%), English (14.5%), German (12.5%), Irish (11%), Italian (4%) and Scots-Irish (3%).
There were 115,680 households of which 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.9% were Husband-wife family living together, 4.4% had a male householder with no husband present, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.5% were non-families. 20.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.11.
Age distribution was 26.1% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 20 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 28.60% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.6 years. For every 100 people there were 52 females.
In, 2000, the median household income was $58,537, and the median family income was $65,058. Males had a median income of $43,030 versus $30,518 for females. The per capita income for the county was $25,286. About 3.30% of families and 4.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.60% of those under age 18 and 3.40% of those age 65 or over.
In 2005, Chesterfield County agreed to form a relationship with the Borough of Gravesham in Kent, England. The town of Gravesend on the River Thames is part of the borough. It was here that Pocahontas was buried after dying on a trip to England. Matoaca in Chesterfield County was traditionally believed to be her native village in North America. The "sister communities" were formed as part of Virginia's activities in 2007 to celebrate the founding of Jamestown.
In May 2004, Chesterfield was named the "17th Best Place to Live in America" by the American City Business Journals.
In 2013, Chesterfield County received 9 achievement awards from the National Association of Counties. NACo's membership includes more than 2,000 counties nationwide, representing more than 80 percent of the nation's population. The awards were for: Automation of the Land Use Program; Building Common Ground – Civic Engagement at CCPL (Chesterfield County Public Libraries); C-Fit Farmer's Market; Enhancing Customer Service Through Technology, Flexibility, and Efficiency; Families Understanding Numbers @ CCPL; Nutrient-Reduction and Cost-Recovery Program; Open House for Student Success; Rain Garden Resources Program; and Volunteer Program Enhancements – A New Direction in Changing Economic Time.
Chesterfield County is also noted as the home town of NASCAR superstar Denny Hamlin, a graduate of Manchester High School. He spent years racing at many local short tracks, including Southside Speedway in Midlothian, Virginia.
There are no incorporated towns in Chesterfield County.
Bensley
Brandermill
Matoaca
Bermuda Hundred
Genito
Harrowgate
Hening
Jefferson Davis North
Robious
Skinquarter
South Rockwood
Winterpock
Many of these areas or communities used to have a Richmond or a Colonial Heights mailing address. Recently, they have been changed to a "North Chesterfield" or "South Chesterfield" address, respectively, due to the confusion of residents sending their personal property taxes to the above listed cities instead of Chesterfield County.
Chesterfield County, Virginia Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.


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Humblot est un nom de famille français d'origine prusse attesté dans les fastes épiscopaux de l'ancienne Gaule, (an 627) qui a ensuite été latinisé en Honoberhtus (an 949) attesté au Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint Père de Chartres, puis en sa forme contractée « Humbelot » (1600) et Humblot (1680) dérivé du nom  composé de hunn qui signifie « ours » et bolt qui signifie « brillant, célèbre, audacieux ».

Le nom est peu porté selon l'Insee (une branche est originaire de la région Grand Est) dont les origines se situent en Champagne (Haute-Marne), Lorraine (Vosges), et une seconde branche en région Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (Haute-Saône) et dans le Rhône (Villefranche-sur-Saône). Avant le XVIII siècle, le nom avait des branches non éteinte originaire de Berlin en Allemagne.

Il peut désigner :

Patronymes
 Jean-Baptiste Humblot (1734-1809), négociant, élu député, homme politique français ;
 Arnould Humblot-Conté (1776–1845), homme politique français, anobli, famille descendante de l'inventeur du crayon de papier Conté, famille descendante d'Hugues Capet par ligne maternelle ;
 Nicolas Laurens-Humblot (1788–1853), député-maire et homme politique français ;
 Edmond Humblot né Félix Humblot (1830-1899), Officier de la légion d'honneur. Ingénieur des ponts et chaussées et homme politique français ;
 Léon Humblot (1852-1914), botaniste et naturaliste français ;
 Émile Humblot né Joseph Humblot (1862-1931), Officier de l'Ordre national du mérite. Peintre, élu sénateur, homme politique français, médaille d'or des artistes ;
 Anna Humblot dite Madame Emile Humblot (1874-1968), artiste-peintre, aquafortiste et décoratrice française, épouse d'Émile Humblot ;
 Albert Humblot (1881-1962), Grand Officier de la Légion d'Honneur. Général d'armée français, il joua un rôle prééminent dans l'action de la France libre ;
 Robert Humblot dit Bob (1907-1962), Chevalier d'académie. Artiste-peintre et illustrateur de romans français ;
 Marcelle Humblot (1914-1988), championne française de natation ;
 Pierre Humblot dit Fred Kassak, dit Jean Céric, dit Pierre Civry (1928-2018), scénariste et romancier français, lauréat du Grand Prix de littérature policière et du Prix Mystère de la critique française, plus connu sous le pseudonyme de Fred Kassak (Kassak étant le nom de jeune fille de sa mère) choisi par son éditeur ;
 Jean-Pierre Humblot (1940-2003), personnalité française de Nancy, assassiné pour des motifs homophobes et transphobes ;

Autres
 La rue Humblot est située dans le  arrondissement de Paris.
 Le Souimanga de Humblot (Cinnyris humbloti) est une espèce de passereaux de la famille des Nectariniidae, il habite les forêts humides tropicales et subtropicales.
 Héron de Humblot (Ardea humbloti) est une espèce d'oiseaux de la famille des Ardeidae sur l'île de Madagascar.
 Humblotia, est un oiseau n'ayant qu'une seule espèce, le gobemouche des Comores.
 Cymbidium humblotii Rolfe, l'orchydée humblot rolfe est une orchidée cymbidium épiphyte de grosse taille que l'on trouve le long des rivières, du niveau de la mer jusque  d'altitude.
 La Vanilla humblotii, la vanille de Humblot est une espèce d'orchidée endémique de Madagascar et de l'île de Grande Comore et de Mayotte et au large de l'Afrique dans l'océan Indien.

 Le Château de la Ferté situé à Saint-Ambreuil, est une propriété privée appartenant aux descendants du député Jean-Baptiste Humblot depuis 1793.

Articles connexes
 Famille noble de Lorraine
 Familles subsistantes de la noblesse française

Notes et références

Patronyme français

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Every Summer is perfect; the warm thoughts and love keep me cocooned in a cozy blanket of deep, everlasting love.
It's the Winter that messes with the heart and head; suddenly you're withdrawn and out of reach like a chilled iceberg.
I am a year long child who smiles when the Sun shines and appreciate in silence when the Moon rises up in winter nights.
Eventually it's a half year gone by in waiting and pain. Either we both change the seasons or change ourselves to adapt to both.


text:
Q: How to prove this $2$ norm inequality of the Schur complement? We have $A \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times n}$ which is symmetric and positive-definite. Also, $A$ is a block matrix:
$$A = \begin{pmatrix} A_{11} & A_{12} \\ A_{21} & A_{22} \\ \end{pmatrix}$$
Let,  $S = A_{22} - A_{21}A_{11}^{-1}A_{12}$  be the Schur complement. How can one demonstrate that,
$$||S||_{2} \le ||A||_{2}?$$
I looked at the block Cholesky factorization given in this document but it is no help. Thanks!
https://www.cs.cornell.edu/~bindel/class/cs4220-s16/lec/2016-02-17-notes.pdf

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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>>>> and Xen. Would it make sense to put this stuff into a libdt.a?
>>>> (I don't even know why it's there), so we could just replace it.
>>> file). Does it meet your requirements for the kernel bootwrapper?
>>> difficult to add if needed.
>>> Haren, what about using this in kexec-tools?
>> size of properties is important for kexec/kdump.
>> we get the different order than the first kernel uses.
> Note that my functions work in a two phases.
> of the allocated memory area in a downward motion.
> properties and perform a move & fixup stage when finalizing?
>>> maintaining their own version of this stuff (myself included).


From January 1, 2005 Geert Simonis MRE will join TCN Property Projects in the function of business development manager. In this position he will have a focus on the support of the international activities of TCN in amongst others Germany and Belgium.
Simonis is now manager commercial real estate at 3W in Maastricht. Previously, he was manager at Stienstra Commercieel Vastgoed in Heerlen.
Simonis will work from a to be created euregional TCN office in Heerlen. Amongst other things, he will support the German TCN subsidiary with several innercity projects in the German Ruhr area. In addition, Simonis will play a leading role within the TCN Group through the initiation of new programs.


text:
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0;">
        <title>Diversity Database</title>
        <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/stylesheets/main.css" />

 Submit a new diversity record

            <form action="/addrecord" method="post" name="addrecordform">

                    Teacher:
                    <select name="teacher">
                        <option value="None">None</option>
                        {% for teacher in teachers %}
                            <option value="{{teacher.name}}">{{teacher.name}}</option>
                        {% endfor %}
                    </select>
                    School:
                    <select name="school">
                        <option value="None">None</option>
                        {% for school in schools %}
                            <option value="{{school.name}}">{{school.name}}</option>
                        {% endfor %}
                    </select>
                    <input type="button" value="Add a new teacher or school" onclick="location.href='/new'" />

                    Month:
                    <select name="month">
                        <option value="0">--</option>
                        <option value="Jan">Jan</option>
                        <option value="Feb">Feb</option>
                        <option value="Mar">Mar</option>
                        <option value="Apr">Apr</option>
                        <option value="May">May</option>
                        <option value="Jun">Jun</option>
                        <option value="Jul">Jul</option>
                        <option value="Aug">Aug</option>
                        <option value="Sep">Sep</option>
                        <option value="Oct">Oct</option>
                        <option value="Nov">Nov</option>
                        <option value="Dec">Dec</option>
                    </select>
                    Year:
                    <select name="year">
                        <option value="0">--</option>
                        <option value="2011">2011</option>
                        <option value="2012">2012</option>
                        <option value="2013">2013</option>
                        <option value="2014">2014</option>
                        <option value="2015">2015</option>
                    </select>

                    Area sampled (sq. meters):
                    <input type="text" value="0.0" name="sampled_area" size=5 maxlength=5>

                    Description:
                    <input type="text" name="description" size=100 maxlength=200>

                    Human impact rating:
                    <select name="impact_rating">
                        <option value="0">0 (No human impact)</option>
                        <option value="1">1</option>
                        <option value="2">2</option>
                        <option value="3">3</option>
                        <option value="4">4</option>
                        <option value="5">5</option>
                        <option value="6">6</option>
                        <option value="7">7</option>
                        <option value="8">8</option>
                        <option value="9">9</option>
                        <option value="10">10 (High human impact)</option>
                    </select>
                    Number of species:
                    <input type="text" value="0" name="species_count" size=4 maxlength=4>

                    <input type="submit" value="Submit" name="submit"/>

            </form>

{{error_message}}

Filter records

            <form action="/viewrecords" method="post" name="viewrecordsform">

                    Teacher:
                    <select name="teacher">
                        <option value="0">All</option>
                        {% for teacher in teachers %}
                            <option value="{{teacher.name}}">{{teacher.name}}</option>
                        {% endfor %}
                    </select>
                    School:
                    <select name="school">
                        <option value="0">All</option>
                        {% for school in schools %}
                            <option value="{{school.name}}">{{school.name}}</option>
                        {% endfor %}
                    </select>

                    Month:
                    <select name="month">
                        <option value="0">All</option>
                        <option value="Jan">Jan</option>
                        <option value="Feb">Feb</option>
                        <option value="Mar">Mar</option>
                        <option value="Apr">Apr</option>
                        <option value="May">May</option>
                        <option value="Jun">Jun</option>
                        <option value="Jul">Jul</option>
                        <option value="Aug">Aug</option>
                        <option value="Sep">Sep</option>
                        <option value="Oct">Oct</option>
                        <option value="Nov">Nov</option>
                        <option value="Dec">Dec</option>
                    </select>
                    Year:
                    <select name="year">
                        <option value="0">All</option>
                        <option value="2011">2011</option>
                        <option value="2012">2012</option>
                        <option value="2013">2013</option>
                        <option value="2014">2014</option>
                        <option value="2015">2015</option>
                    </select>

                    <input type="submit" value="Submit" name="submit"/>

            </form>

            Help/TOS

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
The Tragic Tale of Machaeroprosopus and Acompsosaurus
By Bill Parker on Saturday, February 07, 2009
In 1914 Maurice Mehl (then at the University of Wisconsin-Madison) collected vertebrate material from the Chinle Formation near Cameron Arizona and near Fort Wingate New Mexico. Work that resulted in the discovery of a nearly complete phytosaur skull and the large sacrum of a "new form" (UW 3811), which he named Acompsosaurus ("sturdy lizard")wingatensis (Mehl, 1915). A full description of this material followed a year later in which Mehl et al. (1916) erected a new genus of phytosaur, Machaeroprosopus ("knife face"), for the skull from near Cameron, with the type species of M. validus. The descriptions of these specimens are good; however, whereas the 1916 paper contains a photographic plate (albeit very poor) of the type specimen of A. wingatensis; the holotype skull (UW 3807) of M. validus is only represented by line drawings. Furthermore, although Mehl et al. (1916) mention the presence of osteoderms with the type of A. wingatensis, unfortunately they do not describe or figure these elements as they can be diagnostic for aetosaurs.
In 1922, Mehl assigned another new species of phytosaur from New Mexico (although he erroneously says Arizona in the article title), M. andersoni, to the genus Machaeroprosopus and in 1928 erected another new genus, Pseudopalatus ("false palate"), for a skull (P. pristinus) from the Petrified Forest of Arizona (Mehl, 1922; 1928).
In his classic 1930 monograph on the phytosaurs, Charles Camp assigned five new species to Machaeroprosopus (M. adamanensis, M. lithodendrorum, M. zunii, M. tenuis, and M. gregorii). He also argued that Pseudopalatus pristinus was very similar to M. tenuis and assigned it to the genus Machaeroprosopus although as a distinct species (Camp, 1930).
Despite that no new species were assigned to the genus after 1930, the name Machaeroprosopus was heavily used in the literature until Joseph Gregory's revision of the phytosaurs in 1962. Gregory (1962) considered Machaeroprosopus to be a junior synonym of the east coast taxon Rutiodon and assigned all of the species, with the exception of M. gregorii, which he assigned to Phytosaurus, to that genus; however, he also noted that he was not able to examine the holotype of M. validus as it could not be located.
Westphal (1979) brought attention to the missing holotype of M. validus, noting that it had been missing since about 1958 (presumably when Joe Gregory went to see it), and asking if anyone had any information on the specimen.
Previously Gregory (1953) had also addressed the taxonomic status of Acompsosaurus, which he recognized to represent the pelvis of an aetosaur; however, he notes that has "not been able to examine the specimen). Gregory (1953) suggested that Acompsosaurus may be a synonym of Typothorax (comparing to T. meadei, which is now Longosuchus).
However, one researcher who had examined the material was E.C. Case, who in 1929 wrote that he "had the opportunity to study the specimen [A. wingatensis holotype] in the museum of the University of Wisconsin". Unfortunately this is the last documentation of a worker examining the holotype. I assume that Case studied the skull of M. validus as well as he never mentions it as missing in any of his subsequent phytosaur work.
The type specimen of M. validus became of importance again in 1989 when Karen Ballew removed R. pristinus and R. tenuis and restored the genus Pseudopalatus with P. tenuis as a junior synonm of P. pristinus. This is because Ballew (1989) and subsequent authors consider M. validus, based on the description and line drawings, to be very similar (if not identical) to Pseudopalatus. Thus, if the missing holotype were found, Pseudopalatus would be a junior synonym of Machaeroprosopus and that genus name would once again be valid. M. validus is also unique and thus important in that is is the only phytosaur with a purported 'overbite' in that the upper jaws protrude much more anteriorly than the lower jaws; however, this condition can only be ascertained by direct inspection of the specimen. Drawing below from Mehl et al. (1916).
The holotype of Acompsosaurus is also of importance because based on existing descriptions and its stratigraphic position it probably represents an aetosaur similar if not identical to Calyptosuchus (Stagonolepis) wellesi, named by Long and Ballew (1985). Thus, it too would be a valid taxon, although possibly as Stagonolepis wingatensis. Drawing below from Mehl et al. (1916).
So what happened to the the type specimens of M. validus and A. wingatensis? E. C. Case was the last documented worker to study them in the late 1920s and by the time Joe Gregory goes to see them in the late 1950s they are missing. Interestingly, Colbert (1947) assigned a beautiful skull from Arizona to Machaeroprosopus and in the paper provides skull measurements for M. validus that are not in Mehl et al. (1916). Did Colbert examine the specimen personally? Unfortunately he does not say, only stating in the acknowledgments that he examined the Berkeley material referred to the genus by Camp (1930). Thus all we can say is that the specimens were probably lost at some point between 1929 and 1958. Mehl moved to the University of Missouri in the 1920s and died in 1966.
A few years back I met a gentlemen at a meeting, the name escapes me now, who told me a story of being a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in the 1950s - 1960s. He said that the museum hired a new curator who was a crinoid specialist. To make more room for his beloved crinoids, this gentleman disposed of some of the "old reptiles" in the dumpster! However, he did believe that the curator may have given the skull to the biology department. (Note: I am not trying to demean crinoids or people who study them, I am just relating the story as it was told to me).
I have since contacted the geology and biology departments inquiring about these specimens but to no avail and have not been able to corroborate this story; however, since researching this post I became aware that the UW Museum still exists and plan to contact them soon.
Ballew, K.L. 1989. A phylogenetic analysis of Phytosauria (Reptilia: Archosauria) from the Late Triassic of the western United States, p. 309-339. In S. G. Lucas and A. P. Hunt (eds.), Dawn of
The Age of Dinosaurs in the American Southwest. New Mexico
Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque.
Camp, C.L. 1930. A study of the phytosaurs with description of new material from western North America. University of California Memoir 10:1-161.
Colbert, E.H. 1947. Studies of the phytosaurs Machaeroprosopus and Rutiodon. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 88:57-96.
Gregory, J. T. 1953. Typothorax and Desmatosuchus. Postilla 16:1-27.
Gregory, J.T. 1962. The genera of phytosaurs. American Journal of Science 260:652-690.
Long, R.A., and K.L. Ballew. 1985. Aetosaur dermal armor from the Late Triassic of southwestern North America, with special reference to material from the Chinle Formation of Petrified Forest National Park. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 54:45-68.
Mehl, M.G. 1915. New reptiles from the Trias of Arizona and New Mexico. Science 41:735.
Mehl, M.G. 1922. A new phytosaur from the Trias of Arizona. Journal of Geology 30:144-157.
Mehl, M.G. 1928. Pseudopalatus pristinus, a new genus and species of phytosaur from Arizona. University of Missouri Studies 3:1-22.
Mehl, M.G., Toepelmann, W.C., and G.M. Schwartz. 1916. New or little known reptiles from the Trias of Arizona and New Mexico with notes from the fossil bearing horizons near Wingate, New Mexico. University of Oklahoma Bulletin 103:1-44.
Westphal, K.W. 1979. Missing holotype of Machaeroprosopus validus (Mehl, 1916). Journal of Paleontology 53:741.
Labels: aetosaurs, missing holotypes, phytosaur
Geodave February 9, 2009 at 8:38 AM
Hi Bill, I think this is a good time for me to stop lurking. I have been following this blog for a few months now after I ran across it googling something triassic. I am working on my phd at UW-Madison describing the depositional environments of the Chugwater Group of Wyoming. It needs some work! I am the prep lab manager here at the UW and was really excited at the first part of this post thinking 'wow we have phytosaur material! from Mehl no less!' and then... So sad. It seems that this has happened at a few repositories over time.
So I will try to tack these down hopefully something will come to light! If you want you can reach me at lovelace@geology.wisc(dot)edu
Thanks for the blogging, and the citations! They have proved most useful!
Bill Parker February 9, 2009 at 10:06 AM
I'm glad that you enjoy the blog and that you stopped lurking! Just what we need to solve this mystery is someone on the inside. Anything you can find out is greatly appreciated.
Thanks much!
In his 1916 publication, Mehl actually reports several specimens that he refers to Machaeroprosopus. UW 3807 was the holotype material, but there was also UW 3808 and 3809 that he said were "generally identical" and consisted of the posterodorsal regions of the skull. I tried to find out about these specimens for my thesis, and I actually had correspondence with K. Westphal about it; unfortunately, all the specimens are missing now.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Moustache! Got an event to do!
So, you're in Matlock Bath, Derbyshire, and you've nothing to do… Why aren't you at The Grand Pavilion looking at all the lovely Steampunk goodness?
We're here today and tomorrow between 11 and 4.30, so get your brass goggles on and get down here right now!
Come and see the curious crafts, and stay for the bands!


text:
Q: Automatic testing of web pages (and generating from use cases by DSL) My goal is:

*

*Our customers could generate new web-tests.

*Our continuous integration server makes a test-environment deployment; it should execute the tests against it

*The test could also be run against some other environment.

(Final acceptance tests should be made by the customer, to test fonts etc, but this would be a great pre-acceptance check for our test-environment. Customers could focus on other things than now.)
Usually some property (like text field id) has changed or something and the tests will break in a few weeks. It seems that recorded tests broke often, so it's better to easily record a new one than trying to maintenance and modify an old test.
Now, I found a whole new approach. Maybe recording is not the right way.
How about, if our customers could make use cases in a human readable own language which the machine would understand and compile to web-recording (with Domain Specific Language, DSL).
This is not sci-fi, it has been already made, so read on. :-)
I have tried to use these automatic web testing frameworks:

*

*Visual Studio web test (Customers can't execute)

*Selenium (Works only with Firefox, our customers have IE)

*WatiN (.NET version of Watir, recorder seems to be a bit buggy)

*HP Quick Test Pro (Not easy enough to make new tests)

None of these have provided actually what I need... but Selenium is the closest one.
Our customers speak Finnish, so in the beginning of a software project, in specification phase, user writes a use case like:

*

*Avaa "OmaLomake"

*Syötä "Tuomas" kohtaan "nimi"

*Paina "Seuraava"

Translation:

*

*Open "MyForm"

*Insert "Tuomas" into field "name"

*Press "Next"

Now... This is a human-readable use case, but also it can be compiled to automatic web acceptance test. Open, Insert, into field and Press are keywords, others are values.
What kind of DSL tool would be good for this?
Microsoft is making a new DSL-making-tool in their Oslo-project called MGrammar. It means that you can make a custom language to make it easy for non-technical people to work with machines. (The same basic idea that was (and failed) with Cobol and Visual Basic.)
I found that someone has already made this kind of DSL with MGrammar, but it is for Watin, not Selenium:
http://www.codinginstinct.com/2008/11/creating-watin-dsl-using-mgrammar.html
So the continuous integration server process will be:

*

*Fetch a new version from source control (as usual).

*Build, run unit tests and analyze the code (as usual).

*Make an installation package and tag version in version control (as usual).

*Compile use cases to web tests

*Run web tests

*Accept/Reject the software :-)

Running a web-test in the continuous integration server usually means a lot of configuration work. So, before I try this, I'm curious, what do you think?
Have you used same kind of setup, and what are your experiences? (What exact environment?)
How about DSL, will it have enough power for use cases or will it be another endless development task? Will the customers ever generate the tests?

A: First of all, Selenium does work with IE and other browsers as well as Firefox; cross browser support is one of its strengths.  Here's the list of supported browsers.
However, if you want a human language-based DSL for writing your tests, take a look at Cucumber - the syntax is almost exactly like your example above.  Cucumber already has Finnish language support - see the examples at this link.

A: Fitnesse and Selenium Integration tools such as Selenesse(http://github.com/marisaseal/selenesse) or Fitnium(http://www.magneticreason.com/tools/fitnium/fitnium.html) can also serve your purpose. However, you need to find answer for who will put the element locators in the test cases written by customers. If customers put the locators using the recorders, it may not be possible to maintain. If customers write the steps and a automation tester/developer can put those locators using regex, custom location strategy, this approach may work.

A: The TestPlan software uses a specialize language for writing tests. It is highly domain specific and works very well in web environments. It supports the Selenium backend so you gain that compatibility, plus it can run without a browser, for even faster tests.  I have used it on some fairly large web projects in the type of setup you are looking for.
Your example script might look like this:
GotoURL /SomePage
Click MyForm
SubmitForm with
   %Params:name% Tuomos
   %Submit% value:Next
end

That's it. It nicely describes what the user wants to do and is a functioning test. You can combine scripts into units and have custom function as well. So if you really wanted you could write the Finish equivalents to the names.


Technology News and Reviews - Techstination: Report - High tech clothing that guarantees against pickpockets. Scottevest.
High tech clothing that guarantees against pickpockets. Scottevest.
A police report will be required for proof. You can find more info at Scottevest.com. You can find us at BootCamp.com. I'm Fred Fishkin.


text:
We develop bio-based chemistries for the Coatings Industry. Ecoat's strategy is based on a patented technology and has 2 pillars:
- Build a worldwide franchise on innovative bio-based alkyd emulsion
- Build industry partnerships for the deployement of the patented technology outside the alkyd emulsion market.
We care about our environment, making responsible business to leave a smaller footprint
We work hard to create products for paint and coatings that are the best they can be in every way. Products, that are innovating, easy to use, and highly performing. And the same passion for innovation goes into how we think about environmental responsibility.
We know CO2 ranks among the most important greenhouse gases that influence the way the climate is changing. It's a real problem. As an architectural coating producer, we know we use energy and material, which in turn generates greenhouse gas emissions. That's part of the problem we can help solve, by finding less energy consuming production process, using bio-based raw materials for waterborne coatings for instance.
In 2012, we evaluated the greenhouse gas emissions caused by our business activities, to have an overview of where and how we can adopt suitable measures. For more information, please have a look at the Ecoat C02 Footprint resume.
We are proud of the products we develop and the way we make them. But we know we can still do better... we work on that everyday... we strive to leave a cleaner planet for the next generation ... the sooner, the better...
Around experienced executives coming from the coatings world, a team of highly skilled research engineers focuses on developing environmental friendly solutions for new bio sourced markets in Paints and Coatings Industry. Our aim is to best serve customer's innovation needs, from R&D stage to production, with a constant focus on efficiency, economy and environmental responsibility.
Olivier Choulet, President and Chief Executive Officer
Olivier holds a Master of Chemical Engineering from CPE, Lyon and a Master of Business Administration from ESSEC, Paris. He has 15 Years of international experience in production, marketing and business functions. Ex-Commercial Director of Paint and Coating Materials Division for Europe, Middle East and Africa regions at Dow/Rohm and Haas Company.
Nicolas Florent, General Manager & Business Director
Nicolas holds a master degree in Chemistry at the University of Metz. He has 19 years experience in sales management, international key account management, Business Development and Global Strategy.
David Godinaud, Industrial Director
David holds a Master of Chemical Engineering from CPE, Lyon. He has 25 years of international experience in manufacturing operations, data processing, automation and more globaly project management and engineering. In his previous experience within Saint-Gobain group, he managed 5 factories and implemented succefully strategic programs. David is actually managing Ecoat's factory located on the Plateforme Chimique de Roussillon, Lyon.
Elina Trub, Operations Director
Elina holds a Master of Chemistry from CPE Lyon and a Master of Environmental Sciences from the University of Charleston, USA. After 4 years of managing R&D Emulsification projects, Elina moved to an Operational position inside Ecoat.
Olivier Moreillon, Strategy & Collaborative Innovation Director
Olivier holds a PhD degree of Chemistry from Nice, Sophia-Antipolis University in Nice and a Chemical Engineering degree from ENSCM Montpellier. During 4 years, Olivier was managing Ecoat's R&D. He recently started an Executive MBA at EDHEC and moved to strategy and Innovation position.
Henry Ly, General Manager - Asia
Henry holds a Bachelor degree of Chemical Engineering in Zhejiang University in 1991. After three years graduation, Henry started working for European and American chemical companies, focusing on environmental friendly binders and additives for coatings and printing inks, as well as adhesives. Henry has nearly 15 years in managing experiences and global marketing leading position for specialty chemical companies. Now Henry is taking care of Ecoat business in Asia, starting from China.
Ibrahima Faye, R&D Director
Ibrahima holds a phD degree of polymer chemistry/organic chemistry from the Paris-Saclay University. He has 5 years experience from ENSCM and Colas company in design and polymer's formulation as well as project mamagement . He is now in charge of Ecoat's R&D in Grasse.
Alison Romand, Application Laboratory Manager
Alison holds a PhD of Chemistry from University of Lyon and ITECH School and a Chemical Engineering degree from CPE Lyon, France. She is in charge of the Application Laboratory in Grasse.
Caroline Paolucci, Sales Administration
Caroline holds a Master degree in Sustainable Development from Skema Business School, Sophia-Antipolis - France and an Engineering degree in Agriculture from Institut Polytechnique Beauvais - France.
Caroline has 10 years of experience as a Manager in Purchasing and Marketing positions for retail. She has a China market experience.
In March 2012 Ecoat receives Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) funding for the research program CDII "ECOM": Self-crosslinking, drier free green alkyd resin with high gloss transition temperature.
In July 2012 Ecoat receives an Award from the French Research Ministry and OSEO for the "Concours National pour l'aide à la Création d'Entreprises Innovantes in "Creation-Developement" category.
© Ecoat, 2011-2019, All Rights Reserved | by Pascale Locher <> your.webdesign.ch | Privacy Policy | Legal Statement | Admin


This deepgreen coloured vase is an early example of Lalique's small industrial production before World War I. The vase Fougeres was designed in 1912 and is based upon the dandelion. The piece is signed with the early Lalique mark in the mold. These early industrial pieces all have small differences due to its hand finished work and polish. This example is very well preserved and in a totally original condition.


Janelle Nicholas was crowned as Miss Earth New Zealand 2016 on April 30, 2016 by the outgoing queen, Anna Lisa Christianne. Janelle Nicholas will now represent New Zealand in the coming edition of Miss Earth 2016. During the coronation night, Brooke Craig (Miss Cosmopolitan 2016) was adjudged as first runner up and Hollie Peterson (Miss Bikini Universe 2016) was titled as second runner up.
In the grand coronation night of Miss Earth New Zealand 2016, Janelle Nicholas also won Most Photogenic, Best in Q&A, and Best in Talent. She is currently working towards a double major in Linguistics and Psychology at the University of Auckland. In the near future is hoping to specialize in Speech Pathology. In dancing Janelle has passed solo seal examinations in ballet and jazz, she also likes playing touch and indoor netball. At only 25 years of age, she enjoys travelling to new countries and places, her favourite being Budapest in Hungary.
New Zealand has never placed at Miss Earth pageant since its participation. Do you think Janelle Nicholas can earn her country the first placement?


text:
I lettori chiedono: A Universe From No?
Bianca Milano
1 Can something be created from nothing?
2 Is the universe eternal?
3 What created the universe?
4 Does the universe have a beginning?
5 How many universes are there?
6 Where did all matter come from?
7 Does the universe end?
8 Will the universe last forever?
9 What is the universe inside of?
10 What is beyond the universe?
11 How is space created?
Can something be created from nothing?
So particle-antiparticle pairs can be created from "nothing", that is from no particles to two particles, but energy must be provided, so these particles can be viewed as having been created from the energy.
Is the universe eternal?
While the universe is evolving, there is no beginning and no end – the universe exists forever. The early state of inflation is described in two different, but equivalent pictures. In the freeze frame the universe emerges from an almost static state with flat geometry.
What created the universe?
Our universe began with an explosion of space itself – the Big Bang. Starting from extremely high density and temperature, space expanded, the universe cooled, and the simplest elements formed. Gravity gradually drew matter together to form the first stars and the first galaxies.
Does the universe have a beginning?
The usual story of the Universe has a beginning, middle, and an end. It began with the Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago when the Universe was tiny, hot, and dense. The universe carried on expanding and cooling, but at a fraction of the initial rate.
How many universes are there?
There are still some scientists who would say, hogwash. The only meaningful answer to the question of how many universes there are is one, only one universe.
You might be interested: Domanda: Are There Oral Exams In American Universities?
Where did all matter come from?
Origins. In the first moments after the Big Bang, the universe was extremely hot and dense. As the universe cooled, conditions became just right to give rise to the building blocks of matter – the quarks and electrons of which we are all made.
Does the universe end?
It never ends, but it's also constantly expanding. Scientists don't think there is a true edge of the universe. This is called the edge of the observable universe. It's the farthest we can see, based on how we get information from light.
Will the universe last forever?
Confirmation of the Big Bang mostly depends on knowing the rate of expansion, average density of matter, and the physical properties of the mass–energy in the universe. There is a strong consensus among cosmologists that the shape of the universe is considered "flat" and will continue to expand forever.
What is the universe inside of?
The Universe is thought to consist of three types of substance: normal matter, 'dark matter' and 'dark energy'. Normal matter consists of the atoms that make up stars, planets, human beings and every other visible object in the Universe.
The universe, being all there is, is infinitely big and has no edge, so there's no outside to even talk about. Oh, sure, there's an outside to our observable patch of the universe. The cosmos is only so old, and light only travels so fast. The current width of the observable universe is about 90 billion light-years.
You might be interested: FAQ: How Do We Know The Age Of The Universe?
How is space created?
During the Big Bang, all of the space, time, matter, and energy in the Universe was created. This giant explosion hurled matter in all directions and caused space itself to expand. As the Universe cooled, the material in it combined to form galaxies, stars, and planets.
I lettori chiedono: A Universal Picture 1936?
FAQ: A University Is Something More Than For?


text:
Q: Parsing JSON concurrently - panic of runtime error (decoding related) I was playing with go recently and stuck with a runtime error, I can't explain. These are my working functions.
    type User struct {
        Browsers []string `json:"browsers"`
        Name     string   `json:"name"`
        Email    string   `json:"email"`
    }

    func asyncUserProcJson(wg *sync.WaitGroup, users *[]User, ch chan []byte) {
        for buf := range ch {
            var mu sync.Mutex

            var user User
            mu.Lock()
            err := json.Unmarshal(buf, &user)
            mu.Unlock()
            if err != nil {
                fmt.Println("json:", err)
                wg.Done()
                continue
            }

            *users = append(*users, user)
            wg.Done()

        }
    }

    func userProcJson(buf []byte) (User, error) {
        var user User
        err := json.Unmarshal(buf, &user)
        if err != nil {
            return User{}, err
        }
        return user, nil
    }

If I do a common - non-concurrent aproach, its works as expected. But if, try to use channel to pass bytes to goroutine... it fails.
type AsyncUserProc func(*sync.WaitGroup, *[]User, chan []byte)
type UserProc func(buf []byte) (User, error)

type SearchParams struct {
    out              io.Writer
    asyncUserProc    AsyncUserProc
    userProc         UserProc
}

func (sp SearchParams) AsyncSearch() []User {
    file, err := os.Open(filePath)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalln(err)
    }

    var Users = make([]User, 0, 1024)
    var ch = make(chan []byte)
    var wg sync.WaitGroup

    go sp.asyncUserProcess(&wg, &Users, ch)

    scanner := bufio.NewScanner(file)
    for scanner.Scan() {
        wg.Add(1)
        ch <- scanner.Bytes()
    }

    if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
        fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "reading standard input:", err)
    }
    close(ch)
    wg.Wait()

    return Users
}

func (sp SearchParams) Search() []User {
    file, err := os.Open(filePath)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalln(err)
    }

    // json processor
    var Users = make([]User, 0, 1024)

    scanner := bufio.NewScanner(file)
    for scanner.Scan() {

        u, err := sp.userProcess(scanner.Bytes())
        if err != nil {
            log.Panicln(err)
            continue
        }
        Users = append(Users, u)
    }

    if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
        fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "reading standard input:", err)
    }

    return Users
}

Workflow is the next one:

*

*filePath contains a JSON chunks (each on new line)

*Open for reading.

*Create a line scanner

*

*(AsyncSearch)

*

*Pass line to channel.

*return value of the line from range (blocking operation)

*pass to json.Unmarshal

*troubles

*(Search)

*

*Pass line directly to userProc func

*Enjoy result

I am getting a lot (different) errors.

*

*a lot of json unmarshaling error.

*index out of range

*JSON decoder out of sync - data changing underfoot?

as description of last error:
// phasePanicMsg is used as a panic message when we end up with something that
// shouldn't happen. It can indicate a bug in the JSON decoder, or that
// something is editing the data slice while the decoder executes.

So here is a question: How the bytes slice is modified?
I thought it was blocking operation. What am I missing in language mechanics?
Example of the errors (different each run)
json: invalid character 'i' looking for beginning of value
json: invalid character ':' after top-level value
json: invalid character 'r' looking for beginning of value
panic: runtime error: index out of range
----
json: invalid character '.' after top-level value
json: invalid character 'K' looking for beginning of value
panic: JSON decoder out of sync - data changing underfoot?

A:
Package bufio
import "bufio"

func (*Scanner) Bytes
func (s *Scanner) Bytes() []byte

Bytes returns the most recent token generated by a call to Scan. The
  underlying array may point to data that will be overwritten by a
  subsequent call to Scan. It does no allocation.

The underlying array may point to data that will be overwritten by a subsequent call to Scan.


text:
Manchester United Football Club – Join a Fan Club in Your Country
Assuming you are a fanatic of the Red Devils you are an individual from an extremely huge local area since this notable football club has branches everywhere. It is accepted that no less than 300 million individuals all around the world are committed fanatics of this club. There are fan relationship of the Manchester United Football Club from one side of the planet to the other. You are probably going to observe one to be in your nation and it is a smart thought to go along with it assuming that you are truly entranced by the doings of its footballers on and off the field. Joining a fan affiliation assists you with reaching out to others in your nation and from everywhere the world who share your advantage in this club. There are bound to a lot of these affiliations, given the massive ubiquity of this football club from one side of the planet to the other. คาสิโนสด
There are a lot of benefits to joining a Manchester United fan club in your country. First of all, you will live it up spending time with others from the gathering. Not exclusively would you be able to communicate with them on the web however you can likewise get together with them to see matches. You will actually want to talk about game scores too numerous different points related with the club. The Red Devils play a ton of away matches and your club may even coordinate an excursion to see the match. The best fan clubs typically guarantee that these excursions are efficient occasions that incorporate exclusive expectations of cordiality and transportation. Assuming your fan affiliation is partnered with the Manchester United Football Club then the schedules will likewise incorporate visits to see Old Trafford.
As an individual from the authority fan club or its associates, there are a lot more benefits that will build to you. You will be given unique limits for match tickets. Certain clubs considerably offer uncommon limits on true Manchester United product. These advantages are truly helpful in light of the fact that being an ally of a games club can be a significant costly suggestion assuming you choose to put in any amount of work purchasing club stock. It just so happens, you can purchase a wide range of marked product going from garments to accomplices to toys.
There is no question at all that you will live it up with other Manchester United Football Club allies. Discover which fan club is the best one to join so your experience is an astounding one.
Previous: Football Kit – Colours and Superstitions
Next: Collecting Cup Football Programmes


text:
Der Juno Award für das Contemporary Jazz Album of the Year wurde 1994 eingeführt, nachdem die Kategorie Best Jazz Album aufgeteilt wurde in zwei Kategorien. Der Preis richtete sich an kanadische Künstler mit Instrumentalalben, die dem zeitgenössischen Jazz (bis hin zum Smooth Jazz) zuzuordnen sind. Daneben gab es die Kategorie Traditional Jazz Album of the Year. Der Award in dieser Kategorie wurde 1994 das erste Mal vergeben. 2014 fand die letzte Verleihung statt, danach wurden die Kategorien für Instrumentalalben im Jazzbereich erneut aufgestellt und teilen sich auf in Jazz Album - Solo und Jazz Album - Group.

Der Name änderte sich mehrfach, so hieß der Award von 1994 bis 1999 Best Contemporary Jazz Album, von 2000 bis 2002 Best Contemporary Jazz Album – Instrumental und von 2003 bis 2014 Contemporary Jazz Album of the Year.

Übersicht

Best Contemporary Jazz Album (1994 – 1999)

Best Contemporary Jazz Album – Instrumental (2000 – 2002)

Contemporary Jazz Album of the Year (2003 – 2014)

Einzelnachweise

C
Jazzpreis
Erstverleihung 1994
Ehemalige Auszeichnung


text:
package org.apache.eagle.alert.engine.mock;

import org.apache.eagle.alert.engine.Collector;
import org.apache.eagle.alert.engine.model.AlertStreamEvent;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;

public class MockStreamCollector implements Collector<AlertStreamEvent> {
    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    private final static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MockStreamCollector.class);
    private List<AlertStreamEvent> cache;

    public MockStreamCollector() {
        cache = new LinkedList<>();
    }

    public void emit(AlertStreamEvent event) {
        cache.add(event);
        // LOG.info("PartitionedEventCollector received: {}",event);
    }

    public void clear() {
        cache.clear();
    }

    public List<AlertStreamEvent> get() {
        return cache;
    }

    public int size() {
        return cache.size();
    }
}


Thank you guys for the 100+ BRILLIANT entries in the Name That Boat contest! I will be sorting through, parsing ideas and choosing winners soon. I love, love, love what you guys came up with.This week, the lovely Deborah Davis has offered to give away a paperback copy of her book Not Like You! We did the Cover Story for the book here last fall (and I like the paperback better), so that will be the way you enter. Just tell me, in the comments below, if you like the hardcover (on the left) or paperback cover better, and why you'd pick that one up. Next Wednesday, I'll pick one random commenter to win the book (this one's US and Canada only, guys--hope that's okay!). Happy Wednesday!


8 cableways and Post Auto bus travel included!
You can benefit from the Citizens' Pass all-inclusive offers right now. From your very first night's stay, you can enjoy unlimited travel on eight of the nine local cableways and all Post Auto buses throughout the Saas Valley (Summer ski excluded).
In the Saas Valley you can enjoy 8 fantastic holiday destinations for the price of one thanks to our all-inclusive hotel package!
Three unforgettable world records that are sure to make your heart beat faster! The world's highest underground train, the Metro Alpin funicular railway Threes!xty, the breathtakingly beautiful, cosy and relaxing highest revolving restaurant in the world and the Ice Pavilion, the largest ice grotto in the world.
Allalin: with the world's highest revolving restaurant and largest ice pavilion, this is a destination full of superlatives!
Felskinn/ the Britannia Hut: Walk across the snowy glacier, even in summer!
Spielboden: One of the Spielboden's main attractions is feeding the adorable group of tame marmots.
Längfluh: As close as you can get to the Fee Glacier!
Mountain restaurant Plattjen Terminus: Enjoy stunning views of the Mattmark dam and reservoir.
Hohsaas: Impressive views of 18 peaks of at least 4,000 metres!
Furggstalden: Hike in the footsteps of the Romans.
In summer time you can enjoy free use of most cableways in the Saas Valley.