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Customer needs and behaviour in Nigeria
by: Okey Okere, Managing Director of Hofstede Insights Nigeria
Five of the most important things to know Customer needs and behaviour in Nigeria:
Stick with the Essentials. Nigeria is a lower-middle-income country. The annual income per head was around US$2,000 in 2019, and the income distribution is unequal. The average family spends approximately 57% of their household income on food items. Businesses producing and selling essential products could have an edge.
Size (or rather Scale) matters. When entering a country like Nigeria, it is important to finetune your market entry strategy to address the needs of the poor – the so-called 'Base of the Pyramid'. Businesses trying to enter Africa should think about how to become agile enough to respond to the needs of the market. It might mean creating new products, adapting existing products (taste, look, design, feel) or scale products to meet the buyers purchasing power.
First Mover Advantage Critical. Like most other emerging markets, first-mover advantage is critical in Nigeria. Nigerian consumers tend to be extremely loyal to the first brand they know. Usually, the first brand to establish in the country dominates for a long time. Often, the first brand's name becomes the colloquial name for that line of products or services. This extreme brand loyalty likely stems from collectivism.
Luxury brands do not shy away! Nigeria's "small" middle class is still a huge market. Although a lot has been said about Nigeria being a low-income market, it is still important to realise that its population dynamics could still favour luxury brands. Only 10% of the total households earn 30.000€ or more annually. While that seems like a small proportion, it is important to note that - because of Nigeria's large population - this percentage comes to around 20 million people.
Aspirational people, big brands matter – a good bet for future rewards. Even the poor in Nigeria tend to know good quality and aspire to acquire the same. Nigerians are an aspirational people: a complex market where 81% of the consumers in the country feel satisfied with the state of their finances, yet 65% say that they can only afford essentials. Although 55% of Nigerians are price-conscious, around 44% of them regularly treat themselves to expensive goods. 50% of the country's population is under 16 years old. This market's current face is only a surface scratch considering the future potential (George & Ukomadu, 2020; Akinsola, 2019; Tathagata, 2019; Monks, 2017; Hirsch, 2013)
Nigeria is a complex market. The larger proportion of its population is poor. There is massive inequality in the country. However, the small percentage of the populace, who are (by western standards) middle class, together form a sizeable addressable market. The nation's consumer needs are rapidly changing. Many new (especially western) concepts and products are being adopted, rapidly. Despite obvious socio-political and economic risks, there is ample business opportunity in Nigeria. With around 200 million people and a GDP of around US$400billion, it is both Africa's largest population and largest economy. Nigeria is the seventh-largest country in the world and projected to become the world's third-largest behind India and China by 2050 (Adegoke, 2017). It is also the sixth-largest crude oil producer in the world.
It is Africa's backbone and economic powerhouse: often referred to as the "Giant of Africa" (Whiting, 2019). The former US president, Barack Obama, said that Nigeria is "critical to the rest of the continent and if Nigeria does not get it right, Africa will really not make more progress" (Emelumadu, 2010). Businesses thinking about expanding to Africa would probably not be taken seriously if their plans do not include Nigeria. But what do Nigerians want? And how do they buy? This document provides some guidelines.
Stick with the Essentials, (At least for now)
Based on the World Bank's classification (World Bank Data Team, 2018), Nigeria is a lower-middle-income country. The annual income per head was around US$2,000 in 2019, and the income distribution is unequal. Approximately 40% of the nation's population lives on less than US$1 a day (NBS, 2020, p. 6). On average, Nigerians spend around 56.65% of their income on food (NBS, 2020b, p. 10). This situation is perennial: even in 2015, Nigerians spent the highest percentage of their income on food (around 56.4% of total income), compared to any other country in the world (Gray, 2016). To put this in perspective, people in Austria spend only 10% of their income on food, and in the US, only 6%. This development does not suggest that food is more expensive in Nigeria – it only means that the country's people are poor. "The average American spends $2,392 per year on food, the average Nigerian half that: $1,132" (Gray, 2016). Furthermore, the top five non-food expenses by Nigerian households in 2019, were transportation (primarily commuting, 6.44%); healthcare (6.12%); education (6.04%), general services including telecoms/ICT (5.53%); and rent (5.28%). These stats suggest that, when trying to enter the Nigerian mass market, it may be wise to focus on essential items or related products and services. There is ample market opportunity for innovations that could lower the cost of these essentials. Successive Nigerian governments are also constantly on the lookout for partners to help boost local agricultural, food processing and manufacturing capabilities (NIPC, 2019).
Images: Gray, 2016 (World Economic Forum)
Size (or rather Scale) matters
When entering a country like Nigeria, it is important to finetune your market entry strategy to address the needs of the poor – the so-called 'Base of the Pyramid'. Rather than writing off the market as too poor to afford your products, you want to consider retail models that would enable you to sell to them. Instead of looking for how to sell a 10€ product to one million people, perhaps consider how to sell a 2€ product to 100million people. Unitisation is a good strategy that could help. Unitisation means designing and producing smaller packages of products so that the base of the pyramid can afford them. Majority of the households in Nigeria are unable to afford a 10-pack of chocolate box, with each bar around 60g. They may be able to afford to buy a 2-pack product with 19g each. Hence businesses trying to enter Africa should think about how to become agile enough to respond to the needs of the market. It might mean creating new products, adapting existing products (taste, look, design, feel) or scale products to meet the buyers purchasing power.
First Mover Advantage Critical
Like with most other emerging markets, first-mover advantage is critical. Consumers in Nigeria tend to be extremely loyal to the first brand that they know. The first established brand in any line of product or service dominates in the country for a very long time. Other products would struggle to enter, as that line of product or service would be named after the first brand they know. Two examples of this are Nestle's Maggi™ seasoning cubes and Kelloggs-Tolaram's Indomie™ Noodles. Maggi™ was the first seasoning cube that housewives came to know in Nigeria. It was introduced into the country in the 1950s. Even today, all seasoning cubes and related products are colloquially called Maggi™, much to the chagrin of Nestle's competitors. Likewise, Indomie™ noodles were first sold in Nigeria in 1988. The product struggled, initially, because the locals thought noodles were "worms". Over time, the market accepted it – largely because it was easy to cook, unitised (i.e. sold in single units) and reasonably priced. The company's sales in Nigeria in 2017 was around US$ 600million. Within 20 years, Nigeria became 12th largest noodles Market in the world – quite a feat, considering that noodles are not a Nigerian staple. Again, like Maggi™, all noodle products in Nigeria are referred to as Indomie™, making it difficult for competitors to break into the market.
It is highly likely that this type of brand loyalty stems from collectivism. Like most other African countries, Nigeria scores low (30/100) on Hofstede's Individualism (IDV) dimension. With collectivist societies, it takes time to earn trust. However, when you enter the inner circle, you will reap the rewards for several lifetimes. On this, the Expat Arrivals website wrote: "Nigerians are famously friendly and hospitable people who take a genuine interest in the lives and experiences of foreigners. If one makes an effort to get to know the locals, this friendliness will be repaid tenfold" (Globe Media Ltd, 2020). Therefore, businesses considering Nigeria should move quickly. It might be wise to immediately launch a "Proof of Concept" model that could help the company study the market and understand how to establish and dominate quickly.
Luxury brands do not shy away! Nigeria's "small" middle class is still a huge market
Although a lot has been said about Nigeria being a low-income market, it is still important to realise that its population dynamics could still favour luxury brands.
Image source: Shannon McCrocklin (2018)
Shannon McCrocklin (2018) estimates that 1% of Nigerians earn around 53.000€ annually, and only 10% in total earn 30.000€ or more annually. It seems like a small proportion, but that percentage comes to around 4 million households or around 20 million people. There are pockets of high-end consumers in Nigeria, large enough to sustain the entrance of certain luxury goods. With help from local partners (e.g. consultants, and researchers), businesses would know where, when and how to locate these high-end consumers and sell to them.
Aspirational people, big brands matter – a good bet for future rewards
Even the poor in Nigeria tend to know good quality and aspire to acquire the same. In 2013, Nigeria was notoriously famous for being the world's second-fastest-growing champagne market (Hirsch, 2013). In the same year, Nigerians were ranked as the fourth biggest tourism-spenders in UK shops. They spent an average of £500 per store visit, more than 400% higher than the average UK resident. Nigerians continued to spend on luxury goods, even when the country experienced a recession in 2016-17 (Monks, 2017). They are aspirational people and a complex market (George & Ukomadu, 2020; Akinsola, 2019; Tathagata, 2019). 81% of the consumers in the country feel satisfied with the state of their finances, yet 65% say that they can only afford essentials (Tathagata, 2019). By 2025, 55% of Nigerians would be urban dwellers – the country's urban population growth outstrips what is seen in India and China. Some ideas that have worked in Europe now seem to be keenly adopted too. Coffee houses, for instance, are becoming popular (George & Ukomadu, 2020). This trend is rather odd, considering that average year-round temperatures in Nigeria are around 30'C. Besides, although 55% of Nigerians are price-conscious, around 44% of them regularly treat themselves to expensive goods (Akinsola, 2019). Around 50% of the country's population is under 16 years old. Businesses entering Nigeria should, therefore, be aware that what this market currently presents, which is good enough to go, is only a surface scratch considering its future potential.
Short Case Study
Promasidor Nigeria Ltd (formerly known as Wonder Foods) entered Nigeria in 1993 aiming to sell its filled milk powder – Cowbell Milk – to a hungry market, in 400g tins and larger configurations. While the product was priced reasonably lower than the leading brands (such as Frieslandcampina Peak Milk, Nestle's Nido and Arla Food's Dano Milk), it was unable to compete.
Images from Konga.Com (2020); Chimezie (2018)
Through market research, they discovered that only the tiny middle and upper class (less than 10% of the population) were able to afford to buy milk in large tins. Most of these middle- and upper-class buyers also preferred the more expensive (and higher quality) full cream milk powder to Cowbell. The company quickly switched strategy and started selling its product in smaller sized cellophane sachets and later in branded 20g sachets. Their recognition of the market's need and their ability to scale-down their product succeeded. The company currently sells around US$400m of milk and other food products in Nigeria annually.
Resources and interesting links
1. DMastermind
Consumer Analytics, Market Entry and Brand Positioning Professional Services
http://dmastermind.com/
2. Nigeria's National Bureau of Statistics (NBS)
Statistical data on Nigeria and consumption patterns
https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/elibrary
3. The Connected Nigerian Consumer: Nigeria Consumer Behaviour, Income, And Ecommerce
Statistical data on Nigerian consumer behaviour
https://www.geopoll.com/blog/nigerian-consumer-behaviour-income-ecommerce/
4. Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission
The Nigerian Federal Government agency that "encourages, promotes and coordinates investments in Nigeria."
https://nipc.gov.ng/
Adegoke, Y. (2017, 26 June). UN: Half of world's population growth is likely to occur in Africa. Retrieved May 13, 2020, from CNN: Inside Africa: https://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/25/africa/africa-population-growth-un/in...
Akinsola, W. (2019, June 11). The state of Nigeria's Fashion Industry. Retrieved from Stears Business: https://www.stearsng.com/article/the-state-of-nigerias-fashion-industry
Chimezie, A. (2018, June 1). Cowbell Milk 'Say NO to malnutrition' donates 1 Sachet for 1 Retweet. Retrieved May 19, 2020, from Naijalife Magazine: http://naijalifemagazine.com/blog/2018/06/01/cowbell-milk-say-no-malnutr...
Emelumadu, C. (2010, June 7). How important is Nigeria to Africa? Retrieved May 20, 2020, from BBC World Service: https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/africahaveyoursay/2010/06/how-important-is-n...
George, L., & Ukomadu, A. (2020, March 12). Tea and cocoa-loving Nigerians finding new thirst for coffee. Retrieved May 19, 2020, from Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-coffee/tea-and-cocoa-loving-n...
Globe Media Ltd. (2020, May 1). Doing Business In Nigeria. Retrieved May 19, 2020, from Expat Arrivals: https://www.expatarrivals.com/africa/nigeria/doing-business-nigeria
Gray, A. (2016, December 7). Which countries spend the most on food? This map will show you. Retrieved May 19, 2020, from World Economic Forum: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/12/this-map-shows-how-much-each-coun...
Hirsch, A. (2013, May 8). Nigeria's love of champagne takes sales growth to second highest in world. Retrieved May 19, 2020, from Guardian News & Media Limited: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/may/08/nigeria-champagne-sales-gr...
Konga.Com. (2020, May 1). Dairy, Eggs & Cheese. Retrieved May 19, 2020, from Konga.com: https://www.konga.com/product/peak-powdered-milk-400g-tin-x-2-2511987
McCrocklin, S. (2018, December 16). The Connected Nigerian Consumer: Nigeria Consumer Behaviour, Income, And ECommerce. Retrieved from GeoPoll Community: https://www.geopoll.com/blog/nigerian-consumer-behaviour-income-ecommerce/
Monks, K. (2017, September 26). Nigerian party people keep the champagne flowing through recession. Retrieved May 19, 2020, from CNN Market Place Africa: https://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/22/africa/nigeria-premium-drinking/index...
NBS. (2020). 2019 Poverty and Inequality in Nigeria: Executive Summary. Abuja: National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).
NBS. (2020b). Consumption Expenditure Pattern in Nigeria. Abuja: National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).
NIPC. (2019, March 30). Opportunities: Agriculture. Retrieved May 19, 2020, from Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission: https://nipc.gov.ng/opportunities/agriculture/
Tathagata, R. (2019, August 1). Major shifts on the horizon in Nigeria's consumer landscape. Retrieved May 19, 2020, from Marketing Edge: https://marketingedge.com.ng/major-shifts-on-the-horizon-in-nigerias-con...
Whiting, K. (2019, August 9). 5 facts to know about Africa's powerhouse - Nigeria. Retrieved May 2020, 2020, from World Economic Forum: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/08/nigeria-africa-economy/
World Bank Data Team. (2018, July 1). New country classifications by income level: 2018-2019. Retrieved April 19, 2019, from World Bank Group: https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/new-country-classifications-income-...
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Al Jaber Group is one of the largest industrial conglomerates in the United Arab Emirates. The main office of the company is located in Abu Dhabi, its branch offices — in Qatar and Saudi Arabia. The total number of staff is more than 55 thousand people.
Obaid Khaleefa Al Jaber Al Marri is currently the Chairman of the company. Owing to the emphasis on modern technologies and constant improvement, the name of the Al Jaber Group is synonymous worldwide with the highest quality standards.
The history of the Al Jaber Group began in 1958, when its founder Abdullah Jaber Belshalat opened his first retail store in Deira. Over time, the company expanded its business and opened its representative offices in other cities of the UAE.
In 1970, the AJG has started its activities in the construction sector. This overlapped with the economic boom in Abu Dhabi, which was caused by the discovery of oil reserves and served as the impetus for the company's development. As of today, the Al Jaber Group has successfully implemented thousands of infrastructure and construction projects.
Al Jaber Group (AJG) operates in different areas: construction, aviation, industry, manufacturing, optics and electronics. The company is one of the largest building contractors in the region: it has designed and built over 7000 kilometres of roads, more than 7000 villas and commercial buildings. Besides, the AJG is the leader in the field of oil and gas pipeline construction, as well as in the field of oil derrick, industrial equipment and transport repairing.
Al Jaber Group owns the country's largest construction equipment fleet (over 10 thousand units), including more than 300 cranes. The company also has 30 years of experience in the UAE terrestrial and maritime logistics. Its fleet consists of 25 vessels that conduct international transportation.
Since 2010, the Al Jaber Aviation airline company, which is part of the Al Jaber Group conglomerate, was the first company in the Middle East to offer charter flights on the Airbus А318 Elite, the VIP aircraft. These airliners are used for carrying passengers and business groups up to 19 people. The distinctive features of А318 Elite are spacious and comfortable chairs, as well as a private office, which is convertible into a bathroom, bedroom or a luggage compartment.
In addition to the main activities, the AJG supports social initiative providing support to projects in education, sports, science, art and ecology. The company also organizes various professional conferences, seminars and exhibitions.


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ASSE Mercato: exit door evoked for Claude Puel
October 2, 2021 by Harry Rivers
Red lantern of Ligue 1, the AXIS by Claude Puel plays a decisive match against his rival OL, Sunday evening, at the Geoffroy-Guichard stadium. While the coach of the Greens says he is serene, Jérôme Alonzo indicates that he is not irremovable!
ASSE: Claude Puel serene!
The derby between ASSE and OL on the 9th day of Ligue 1 could be decisive for the future of Claude Puel on the bench of the Loire club. In his remarks given to journalists, the Stéphanois coach was nevertheless confident on the question of his future and the maintenance of his team in Ligue 1. "There are 29 games left behind and we are preparing for a marathon to take the points. […] There are no other options for me than to be well focused on my subject and not to listen to what is being said or what is being written, "he said. In addition, the 60-year-old technician benefits from the support of the general manager of the Loire club, Jean-Francois Soucasse.
"I firmly believe that he is currently the right person to coach the Greens. His project represented the best possible alternative to move the club forward, to help young people play and progress in order to help AS Saint-Étienne to build up new assets. […] In this, we can only be delighted with the work accomplished, "he said in remarks given to Cloakrooms.
Alonzo announces the end for the coach
Faced with the assurance of Claude Puel and the support of his management, Jérôme Alonzo evokes a possible dismissal of the latter in the event of a defeat against Les Gones on Sunday. "I am not here to defend Claude Puel, but does he have the keys, the speech? Does he still have the urge? Envy, I think. The speech and the keys, I'm less sure, "he replied on France Blue. The former ASSE goalkeeper (1997-2001) opened the exit door to the Stéphanois coach then.
"Claude Puel or someone else, if it doesn't work we have to change, it's the life of coaches. I think that we are slowly going towards the end of the story because the famous psychological shock, one day or another, will be inevitable for this group, "he announced. As a reminder, the general manager and trainer of AS Saint-Étienne succeeded Ghislain Printant October 4, 2019, two years ago. His contract ends on June 30, 2022.
The legendary clashes of French football
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Former patient delivers more than 240 free takeaways to Queen Alexandra Hospital staff and South Central Ambulance Service paramedics
MORE than 240 free takeaways have been delivered to hospital staff and paramedics as a thank you from a former patient.
By Millie Salkeld
Monday, 30th March 2020, 12:58 pm
Updated Monday, 30th March 2020, 3:39 pm
Aaron Willis from North End had knee surgery last year at Queen Alexandra Hospital after he tore his ACL.
The 34-year-old wanted to give back to the people that helped him and support staff who are working to care for patients amid the coronavirus outbreak with free takeaways from his family's business, Wok Express in London Road.
He said: 'The staff and paramedics are doing absolutely amazing and our family just wanted to do our bit to show support.
Former patient Aaron Willis (right) from Wok Express delivers free takeaway to a SCAS paramedic
'Our business is currently not open to the public but we have been doing 40 free takeaways a day for staff because after a long shift they may have problems with getting food so we want to be there for them.
'It also means we can use up our stock and give it to people who truly deserve it.'
Hampshire police told they cannot have Costa Coffee drinks donated by firm 'in b...
Aaron, who also works in the construction industry, has been delivering the free food since last week and will deliver to QA on Mondays, Wednesdays and Friday and to Scas on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays.
QA acute medical unit staff with free takeaways
Speaking about the effect the Covid-19 outbreak has had on businesses, Aaron added: 'I think it is definitely worrying for businesses as a couple of weeks ago when this all first started, business just plummeted.
'However, I think when lockdown is over people will indulge a bit and businesses will see quick upturn. For the construction industry we were the last to be hit so we will probably be the last to come back from this.'


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July 10, 2019 Music » Local Music
This year's Concert of Colors — the biggest yet — brings Motown to Midtown
By Lee DeVito @leedevito
Doug Coombe
Don Was: "The essence of Detroit music is I think that it's raw music, it's honest music, and it's soulful music."
In 2001, record producer and Was (Not Was) co-founder Don Was was performing alongside Algerian Rai singer Cheb Mami at the former Chene Park as part of the Concert of Colors, Detroit's annual celebration of diversity in music, which was by then just shy of celebrating a decade.
"It was just the coolest festival," Was says. "I was really knocked out."
Afterward, festival founder Ismael Ahmed took everyone out to dinner, and Was found himself seated next to him. It was the start of what would became a yearslong relationship, and also led to one of the festival's annual traditions.
"A couple of years later, Ismael said, 'You know, we have all kinds of world music, but no one's doing anything about the indigenous music of Detroit.'" From that, the Concert of Colors' annual Don Was Detroit All-Star Revue was born, which pairs Was with various performers — some big, and some up-and-comers.
Of the rehearsals for the Revue, Was describes them as "controlled chaos."
"You know, when you're doing cover songs, you want to avoid a karaoke version," he says. "We try not to rehearse them too much, and try to capture the spirit of the songs without becoming a literal re-creation of the original. It's two different neurological activities, creating and re-creating, you know, so I try not to work it out too much."
"We run through a song once or twice, and keep our fingers crossed," he says. "It always works. And I think you capture more of the real Detroit essence. The essence of Detroit music is — I think — that it's raw music, it's honest music, and it's soulful music. So playing the right chords isn't necessarily paramount to that."
That Motown sound
When considering Detroit's indigenous contributions to world music, the most obvious example is Motown Records, which is celebrating its milestone 60th anniversary this year. For that reason, this year's All-Star Revue is an all-Motown tribute, featuring Martha Reeves, the Velvelettes, "Funk Brother" Dennis Coffey, and more.
Ahmed says the Velvelettes are an exceptional treat because the early Motown group still has all of its original members. "There's not many Motown bands from that period who can say that," he says.
Reeves, who has performed as part of the Concert of Colors before, says the All-Star Revue reminds her of Motown's famous Motortown Revue concert tours, in which big acts like Smokey Robinson & the Miracles, Mary Wells, the Marvelettes, Barrett Strong, and the Contours were joined by acts like Martha & the Vandellas, Marvin Gaye, Stevie Wonder, the Supremes, and others.
Reeves says the Concert of Colors' goal of diversity also reminds her of Motown's ability to break through barriers in the 1960s.
"When we played the South, the audiences were separate, but we had just as many Black people as white or mixed," she says. "They all had one thing in mind, and that was having a good time and listening to our beautiful lyrics about love and happy things, and dancing."
Reeves considers the Motortown Revues to be the start of her Motown career.
"While we were driving around the country on the Revue, all of our records had charted, so we were made famous together," she says. "It was like a day camp of the best and finest musicians in Detroit, handpicked by Berry Gordy."
"It was really an amazing thing when you think about it, how one man in our house gathered the best and the finest musicians and singers and created music that will last forever."
Bengt Nyman/Flickr/CC BY 2.0
Martha Reeves.
From Motown to Midtown
While Motown may have never been in any danger of disappearing, the same can't be said of the Concert of Colors, which has bounced between various benefactors and institutions since it was founded in the early 1990s. In the last year, Ahmed worried that the event might not be able to return in 2019, as corporate sponsors dried up over the past decade.
The festival has grown and evolved since it started as a one-day event at the former Chene Park, moving to Detroit Symphony Orchestra's Max M. and Marjorie S. Fisher Music Center in 2006.
For the festival's 2019 iteration, Ahmed and organizers have once again reimagined the festival, this time centering it on cultural venues in Midtown, including the Detroit Institute of Arts, the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History, the Scarab Club, and the Detroit Historical Museum. Funding now mostly comes from foundations, community groups, and other festival partners, including the Knight Foundation Community Foundation and Midtown Detroit, Inc., and CultureSource, a coalition of more than 150 arts organizations in metro Detroit.
"There's an old saying: 'When you don't have money, you have friends," Ahmed says. "And so this year our friends are not only the DIA, but the Charles H. Wright, Midtown Detroit, Inc., the Detroit Historical Museum, the International Institute, and many, many other partners."
Ahmed is humbled that Concert of Colors continues to thrive — especially as a free concert.
"If you look over the last 20 years, we've lost the Festival of Arts, the Children's Museum," he says. "Many of those medium-sized institutions are still struggling, and many of the other festivals have gone away, or are now charging admission. To maintain a free festival for all these years has been a wonderful thing."
The Concert of Colors' Midtown move comes while officials are considering "Detroit Plaza," an ambitious multi-million-dollar proposal to transform Detroit's cultural center district into a grassy campus that would unite disparate institutions like the Detroit Institute of Arts, Wayne State University, the College for Creative Studies, the Detroit Public Library, and the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History.
Lana Mini of publicity firm Marx Layne & Company, which took Concert of Colors on as a client, says the goal is for Concert of Colors to become entwined with Midtown.
"The idea was to have a walkable week-long festival, to make this like Detroit's South by Southwest of emerging art and let people come and stay at the hotel, stay here for a week and really build upon something that's free," she says.
The festival is further buoyed by its official theme: freedom of expression.
Beyond music
The theme of freedom of expression is not just embodied by Motown's "Sound of young America." The Concert of Colors has long had a social justice undercurrent to its programming, as well.
This year's lineup is no exception, with exiled Egyptian political activist Ramy Essam one of the more than 60 acts that are part of the festival this year.
Essam rose to prominence as the voice of Egypt's Arab Spring in 2011, performing songs that were critical of Egypt's then-president Hosni Mubarek in front of millions in Tahrir Square. Even before then, Essam had been gaining notoriety as part of a movement of hard rock and hip-hop-influenced Egytptian music.
Even after Mubarek stepped down, Essam was later arrested by the Egyptian army. This only made him feel further vindicated, he says. "This was after the dictator, which was just proving that the story wasn't just the man himself — it's in the system."
Since the revolution, Essam has been in exile, living in Sweden and Finland and touring the world for the last five years.
Essam, who sings in Arabic and English and injects his songs with Middle Eastern rhythms and other stylistic flourishes, says he's grateful to have found a world music audience globally. Sometimes, he says he feels he's booked as part of a rock festival's world music act, and other times he says he feels like a world music festival's rock act. At Concert of Colors, he says, "I'm coming to Concert of Colors to rock the festival."
"If I was only considered like 100 percent just in the world music genre, I would miss many, many, many great festivals," he says. "So I think in the end it's a win-win for me."
Even though he faces adversity at home, he says he will never stop performing. "I had to continue because I know that I can make a difference with my music, and I know that this is a responsibility that I have to take," he says. "I believe in my weapon, which is my music."
But he also says he couldn't stop even if he wanted to.
"When you open your mind and open your eyes and open your heart to the world, it's a one-way ticket," he says. "You know, there is no way back once you see the world."
The Concert of Colors will be held from Wednesday, July 10 to Thursday, July 18 at various venues in Midtown, Detroit; see concertofcolors.com for full schedule. Admission is free.
The best of the fest
Don't miss these acts and happenings at this year's Concert of Colors
WDET Tiny Desk contest
WDET's music hosts and the public will choose the band to open the festival from the Michigan entries.
6 p.m.; DSO Sosnick Courtyard, Max M. & Marjorie S. Fisher Music Center, 3711 Woodward Ave., Detroit.
Will Sessions with the Dames
Will Sessions joins forces with vocalists Dames Brown for an 11-piece funk explosion.
8:30 p.m.; DSO Sosnick Courtyard, Max M. & Marjorie S. Fisher Music Center, 3711 Woodward Ave., Detroit.
Forum on Community, Culture & Race: The Power of Owning Our Voices
Panel featuring Dr. Gloria House, Ramy Essam, Tall Paul, Satori Shakoor, and Charles Ezra Ferrell.
6:30-9:30 p.m.; The Annex, Arab American National Museum, 13624 Michigan Ave., Dearborn.
DJ Equad
Motown and hip-hop.
5 p.m., Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History, 315 E. Warren Ave., Detroit.
Tilted Axes
A roving guitar-based orchestra that will lead a procession through the DIA, the Detroit Historical Museum, and ending at the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History.
5-8 p.m.; Michigan Science Center, 5020 John R St., Detroit.
God Said Give 'Em Drum Machines: The Story of Detroit Techno
A special "work in progress" screening of the 2019 documentary.
1 p.m. and 4 p.m. showtimes, Detroit Historical Museum, 5401 Woodward Ave., Detroit.
Ramy Essam
See political dissident who helped usher in Egypt's Arab Spring.
3 p.m., Detroit Institute of Arts, 5200 John R St., Detroit.
Toby Foyeh and Orchestra Africa
Traditional Nigerian Yoruba music, folkloric meets Western elements.
5:30 p.m. Detroit Institute of Arts, 5200 John R St., Detroit.
Don Was Detroit All-star Revue celebrates the 60th anniversary of Motown
The Revue band features Don Was, Sweet Pea Atkinson, Donald Ray Mitchell, Sir Harry Bowen, Brian "Roscoe" White, Luis Resto, Dave McMurray, Rayse Biggs, Ron Pangborn, and Ron Otis. Guest performers include Martha Reeves, Mitch Ryder, the Velvelettes, Dennis Coffey, Melvin Davis, Nadir Omowale, Carolyn Crawford, Kenny Watson, Ty Stone, Jill Jack, Carolyn Striho, Kathy Kosins, and the Drinkard Sisters.
The Blueflowers
David Lynchian barroom blues.
4 p.m., Detroit Institute of Arts north lawn, 5200 Woodward Ave., Detroit.
The Inspiration of Motown: The Influence of an Iconic Sound on Art, Culture & Social Movements
A conversation with Raina L. Baker of the Motown Museum.
1-3 p.m., 315 E Warren Ave, Detroit.
47soul
Formed in Amman, Jordan, in 2013, Palestinian-Jordanian group 47soul has made a name for itself around the globe for its unique fusing of electronic and dabke influences.
5:30 p.m.; Detroit Institute of Arts, 5200 John R St., Detroit.
This OG Jamaican "reggae-fusion" band is celebrating 45 years.
Shigeto
As Shigeto, Michigan's Zachary Saginaw fuses jazz, hip-hop, and electronic music, and electronic and live percussion.
7 p.m.; Detroit Institute of Arts, 5200 Woodward Ave., Detroit.
Blue Note Records: Beyond the Notes
Film screening of a documentary on influential record label Blue Note. Features an introduction by Don Was, president of Blue Note.
7 p.m.; Detroit Institute of Arts; 5200 John R St., Detroit.
Grace Jones: Bloodlight & Bami
Documentary of iconic Jamaican-American supermodel, singer, record producer, and actress, hot off the heels of a one-off performance at Detroit's Masonic Temple earlier this month.
7 p.m.; Detroit Institute of Arts, 5200 John R St., Detroit.
Martha Reeves birthday bash
Celebrate the 78th birthday of one of Motown's most iconic artists, backed by the Don Was All-Star Revue. This is the festival's only ticketed event, with tickets available at $100 for full concert and $50 for afterparty. Dress code is "1960s," and tickets can be purchased at thewright.org/events.
6 p.m.–1 a.m., Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History, 315 E. Warren Ave., Detroit.
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New grant program aims to uplift Detroit music scene
by Alex Harring
Detroit's Stevie Wonder mural is finally finished
by Lee DeVito
Tags: Local Music, Concert of Colors, Midtown, Detroit, Don Was, Cover Story
« Motown photos from the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame's Collection | As Throwaway, Kirsten Carey presents raw, unwieldy rock (backed-up by a jazz degree) »
Actually, the Motor City wants more bike lanes
Iggy Pop announces new 'somber' record, 'Free,' due out in September
Woodward and Jefferson may finally open up again after City Council rejects Spirit of Detroit Plaza renewal
Latest in Local Music
Alt-country band the Michigan Rattlers are ready to strike
Why Detroit is home for neo-soul superstar Dwele
As Throwaway, Kirsten Carey presents raw, unwieldy rock (backed-up by a jazz degree)
More Local Music »
More by Lee DeVito
Macomb Twp.'s serial pool pooper caught
How Greta Van Fleet paved their own stairway to heaven
The story of Harpos, Detroit's most notorious metal club
Will the real John Sinclair please stand up?
Jack White has advice for Greta Van Fleet on that whole Led Zeppelin thing Read More
Alice Cooper teams up with Halestorm for delightfully demonic rock 'n' roll at DTE Energy Music Theatre Read More
Aretha Franklin tribute show to benefit music students and cancer research Read More
Greta Van Fleet elects producer of Adele, Foo Fighters, Paul McCartney for new record Read More
Lakepointe Yacht Club Read More
Bonzai Bob's Mongolian Grill Read More
Las Brisas Read More


INDIANAPOLIS Â? IndianaÂ?s standardized ISTEP+ exam will be moved from the fall to the spring. Gov. Mitch Daniels and the state Board of Education made the announcement this morning.
Spring testing will begin in 2008-2009 academic year.
To meet federal guidelines, students will be tested in fall 2008 and spring 2009. After that, the exam will be given only in the spring.


text:
import flowDb from './flowDb';

describe('flow db subgraphs', () => {
  let subgraphs;
  beforeEach( ()=>{
    subgraphs = [
      {nodes:['a', 'b', 'c', 'e']},
      {nodes:['f', 'g', 'h']},
      {nodes:['i', 'j']},
      {nodes:['k']},
    ];
  });
  describe('exist', () => {
    it('should return true when the is exists in a subgraph', () => {
      expect(flowDb.exists(subgraphs, 'a')).toBe(true);
      expect(flowDb.exists(subgraphs, 'h')).toBe(true);
      expect(flowDb.exists(subgraphs, 'j')).toBe(true);
      expect(flowDb.exists(subgraphs, 'k')).toBe(true);
    });
    it('should return false when the is exists in a subgraph', () => {
      expect(flowDb.exists(subgraphs, 'a2')).toBe(false);
      expect(flowDb.exists(subgraphs, 'l')).toBe(false);
    });
  });

    describe('makeUniq', () => {
      it('should remove ids from sungraph that already exists in another subgraph even if it gets empty', () => {
        const subgraph = flowDb.makeUniq({nodes:['i', 'j']}, subgraphs);

        expect(subgraph.nodes).toEqual([]);
      });
      it('should remove ids from sungraph that already exists in another subgraph', () => {
        const subgraph = flowDb.makeUniq({nodes:['i', 'j', 'o']}, subgraphs);

        expect(subgraph.nodes).toEqual(['o']);
      });
      it('should not remove ids from subgraph if they are unique', () => {
        const subgraph = flowDb.makeUniq({nodes:['q', 'r', 's']}, subgraphs);

        expect(subgraph.nodes).toEqual(['q', 'r', 's']);
      });
    });
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
describe "Application 'Settings'" do
  before do
    @app = UIApplication.sharedApplication
  end

  it "has one window" do
    @app.windows.size.should == 1
  end
end


2018 HEPI Annual Lecture at the Royal Geographical Society, Tuesday 27th November 2018 from 6 p.m.
To book your place please go to: www.bookwhen.com/hepi. The deadline for registration is Tuesday 13th November 2018.
A reminder: NCUP members can access HEPI's publications and reports on tertiary education which are produced regularly by visiting their website.


text:
March 18, 2019 | by Brianne Hendricks
Celtic Bayou Festival Makes Lafayette Lucky
The opening of the Celtic Bayou Festival
Nestled cozily within Cajun country, the Celtic Bayou Festival brings a little bit of Celtic luck to the Lafayette area.
Started by two river dancers from New York, Tony and Sheila Davoren fell in love with the rich culture of the Lafayette area and began their journey to start this festival about four years ago. Since then, the Celtic Bayou Festival has blossomed into a St. Patrick's Day weekend of traditional Celtic fun.
Bagpipe players walked the rounds at the Celtic Bayou Festival.
Beyond the multiple stages of Celtic music, the roaming kilt-wearing bagpipe players and a full-blown whiskey tasting event, the Celtic Bayou Festival brings a unique cooking event: a Guinness cook-off. It is the first and only of its kind around the world.
This year, seven chefs competed in the competition, cooking everything from a Guinness chili to a Guinness duck and andouille gumbo. Multiple alumni of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette competed in the cook-off as well.
"This is the first time I cook with beer, with Guinness especially, " Aaron Landry, a contestant from Carencro, said. "I'm pretty happy with the results. I think this might be my new thing. I don't think I'm going to use water ever again. The beer gave it a night color and a nice flavor."
One contestant cooked a smothered rabbit and potato stew.
Even before the 4 p.m. tasting time, festival-goers lined up waiting for a taste of the delicious food they had been smelling all day, especially with the food tents set up right next to one of the music stages.
Ret Guillory is Black Pot's cook and last year's cook-off winner. He sat their trophy out on the table, right next to food ready to taste.
"Last year, we did an Irish stew. This year, (we did) short ribs, but it's going to be with a Guinness pepper jelly reduction glaze on top," Guillory said. "This is only the third time we've made this. We thought about it last week, tweaked it a bit, and we did a batch earlier today."
Guillory's third batch of short ribs was enough to take home the Guinness Cook-off trophy.
The musical highlight of the festival came in the form of the Acadian trio, Vishtèn. The trio, who come from Canada, meld traditional French songs and the Celtic genre. In the past, they were recognized as an ambassador of Francophonie culture around the world.
"We partnered with Festival International, the Consulate General of Canada and Dallas and the Center for Louisiana Studies to bring in Vishtèn," Maegan Smith, a board member of the Celtic Bayou Festival, said.
Other highlights included a redheaded and freckle contest, a Bailey's Bake-off, an Irish language lesson and a packed house performance by the Ryan School of Irish Dance. Though the day started off at 9:30 a.m. with a Tullamorning Dew Pub Crawl down the streets of Lafayette, festival goers stayed well into the night to see the festival close.
"I think more than a lot of people though, the Irish and people of Louisiana, they love a good time," Tony Davoren said. "You know, you hear that a lot. 'Passing a good time' is very important here. And so is hard work. It's very similar in Ireland. You work hard Monday to Friday then the weekends is party time."
AcadaianaBailey'sCanadacelticceltic bayou festivalChilifoodguinnessIrishLafayetteLouisianaRiver Dancest patricks day
Brianne Hendricks


text:
Stenochironomus browni är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Henry Keith Townes, Jr. 1945. Stenochironomus browni ingår i släktet Stenochironomus och familjen fjädermyggor.

Artens utbredningsområde är Florida. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Fjädermyggor
browni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Schedule III, Controlled Dangerous Substances, N.J.S.A. 24:21-7
a. Tests. The director shall place a substance in Schedule III if he finds that the substance: (1) has a potential for abuse less than the substances listed in Schedules I and II; (2) has currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States; and (3) abuse may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence.
b. The controlled dangerous substances listed in this section are included in Schedule III, subject to any revision and republishing by the director pursuant to subsection d. of section 3 of P.L.1970, c.226 (C.24:21-3), and except to the extent provided in any other schedule.
c. Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances associated with a stimulant effect on the central nervous system:
(1) Amphetamine, its salts, optical isomers, and salts of its optical isomers.
(2) Phenmetrazine and its salts.
(3) Any substance which contains any quantity of methamphetamine, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers.
(4) Methylphenidate.
d. Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a potential for abuse associated with a depressant effect on the central nervous system:
(1) Any substance which contains any quantity of a derivative of barbituric acid, or any salt of a derivative of barbituric acid, except those substances which are specifically listed in other schedules
(2) Chlorhexadol
(3) Glutethimide
(4) Lysergic acid
(5) Lysergic acid amide
(6) Methyprylon
(7) Phencyclidine
(8) Sulfondiethylmethane
(9) Sulfonethylmethane
(10) Sulfonmethane
(11) Ketamine hydrochloride.
e. Nalorphine.
f. Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing limited quantities of any of the following narcotic drugs, or any salts thereof:
(1) Not more than 1.80 grams of codeine or any of its salts per 100 milliliters or not more than 90 milligrams per dosage unit, with an equal or greater quantity of an isoquinoline alkaloid of opium.
(2) Not more than 1.80 grams of codeine or any of its salts per 100 milliliters or not more than 90 milligrams per dosage unit, with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts.
(3) Not more than 300 milligrams of dihydrocodeinone or any of its salts per 100 milliliters or not more than 15 milligrams per dosage unit, with a four-fold or greater quantity of an isoquinoline alkaloid of opium.
(4) Not more than 300 milligrams of dihydrocodeinone or any of its salts per 100 milliliters or not more than 15 milligrams per dosage unit, with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts.
(5) Not more than 1.80 grams of dihydrocodeine or any of its salts per 100 milliliters or not more than 90 milligrams per dosage unit, with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts.
(6) Not more than 300 milligrams of ethylmorphine or any of its salts per 100 milliliters or not more than 15 milligrams per dosage unit, with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts.
(7) Not more than 500 milligrams of opium or any of its salts per 100 milliliters or per 100 grams, or not more than 25 milligrams per dosage unit, with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts.
(8) Not more than 50 milligrams of morphine or any of its salts per 100 milliliters or per 100 grams with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts.
g. The director may by regulation except any compound, mixture, or preparation containing any stimulant or depressant substance listed in subsections c. and d. of this schedule from the application of all or any part of this act if the compound, mixture, or preparation contains one or more active medicinal ingredients not having a stimulant or depressant effect on the central nervous system; provided, that such admixtures shall be included therein in such combinations, quantity, proportion, or concentration as to vitiate the potential for abuse of the substances which do have a stimulant or depressant effect on the central nervous system.
Gloucester County Criminal Defense Lawyer Michael Smolensky, Esquire, knows how to protect his clients. Mr. Smolensky can provide consultations on all cases regarding the controlled dangerous substances.
Controlled Dangerous Substance, Offenses Against Public Order, Health and Decency	N.J.S.A. 24:21-7
← Schedule II, Controlled Dangerous Substances, N.J.S.A. 24:21-6
Schedule IV, Controlled Dangerous Substances, N.J.S.A. 24:21-8 →


Now you can get full access to a complete over the shoulder look at the Lead Selling Empire that generates over $3k per month for each client with prospects literally begging us to create a campaign for them.
The most effective training is when you can see someone actually do it in real time. With this WSO you will get just that.


The innovative chief marketers of tomorrow will be faced with a whole new set of challenges to meet, say these marketing chiefs of today.
"Digitalising the business. Our customers are international travellers and whether they interact with us through digital devices or our staff, they expect us to provide relevant contextualised information and support that relates to their particular stage of the journey. This relates to researching and buying; starting their international journey; in-journey help; support at destination; and looking after them if something goes wrong. They expect all this to be in real time. This means rethinking our processes, what information we provide and how it should be contextualised, presented and adapted to the digital channel used, as well as how we ensure staff in customer contact have the same information. This has to happen, as customer expectations and the technologies at their disposal constantly change."
"Expedia has phenomenal insight into travellers. So rather than building a 'mobile strategy', I want to figure out how we build a 'contextual' strategy. How can we use our data advantage to deliver more relevant options to our customers, depending on where they are, what they are doing, and what they need, when? I want Expedia customers to search less but find more, regardless of the device they are using."
"We will see steps toward further automation in the home, with web-enabled appliances and email systems that are responsive to needs. More likely to make waves next year is wearable technology - the true potential of Google Glass will become evident with a dedicated app store due to open. Then we will see how brands and consumers can engage with wearable technology, and to what extent it will be embraced and widely adopted beyond Silicon Valley."
"Digital technology has always been more about what innovation it inspires rather than as innovation in itself. As Facebook and Twitter become the 'establishment', it will be interesting to watch how brands adopt other social channels and innovate around them. 'New social' combined with more wearable connected 'things' has the most potential, not just to engage with people, but to enrich their lives."
"Although by no means new, personalisation will be a continuing trend. The growing number of tools, and ability to connect user and social-media data, coupled with a vast amount of user data, enables brands to deliver increasingly sophisticated and personalised customer engagement. Given consumer appetite for tailored experiences, this trend is set to continue - delivering a win for all parties."
"Content is king. As the effectiveness of outbound marketing continues to decline, attracting customers through thought-provoking, engaging content on the web is critical to the success of our marketing campaigns. In my industry, we constantly need to challenge ourselves in this area; customers are anything up to 70% through their sales cycle, and have read many assets, before they engage with sales. We need more great content in the places in which people are looking."
Innocent's Richard Reed: "If you have logic and reason on your side, keep going"


text:
Võta või jäta () is the Estonian version of the gameshow Deal or No Deal, airing on Viasat's TV3 channel since 2007. Estonia is the first of the three Baltic States to obtain a version of the television program.

The host is Alari Kivisaar. The prizes originally went from as little as 10 senti (about €0.006 or $0.01) to as big as 250,000 Estonian krooni (about €16,000 or $21,000), but the money tree was changed in August 2007 and the prizes went from 1 sent (about €0.0006 or $0.001) to 1,000,000 krooni (about €63,900 or $85,000). The set is very similar to the US counterpart.

A new series was started on 8 March 2013 and is also hosted by Alari Kivisaar. The top prize is €100,000.

Amount table

2007

2007–2010

NBC Around The World
<div style="float:left; width:250px;">

2013

Deal or No Deal USA visits Estonia
The US version of Deal or No Deal visited Estonia in early 2008, to tape a special episode as part of the show's ongoing World Tour. In this special edition, the show's studio, host and models are used; however, the on-screen graphics and audio cues were the American version's, added in the United States during post-production. Also, the game was played by American rules, using American money and contestants. Alari Kivisaar joined US host Howie Mandel as co-host. This special episode aired on the American NBC network on 7 May 2008. This stop was the first to be taped, but the Philippine stop was the first to air.
It is unknown if TV3 will be airing this special episode.

References

Deal or No Deal
2000s Estonian television series
2010s Estonian television series
2007 Estonian television series debuts
2013 Estonian television series debuts
TV3 (Estonia) original programming


text:
'Punishment should not be endless.' Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Wolf urges lawmakers to reform probation.
Counting jail, prison, probation, and parole, Pennsylvania now has the nation's second-highest rate of people under correctional control. Probation and parole account for three-quarters of that — a phenomenon critics of mass incarceration call "mass supervision."
Joseph Kamara looks after his sister, Jolina Doue, in front of their Northeast Philadelphia home earlier this month. Kamara is on probation for two years, and meets regularly with his probation officer.Read moreJESSICA GRIFFIN / Staff Photographer
by Ron Southwick, PennLive
Gov. Tom Wolf is urging lawmakers to revamp Pennsylvania's probation system so that people can get a fair chance at improving their lives.
The issue has growing bipartisan support in the General Assembly. Lawmakers are weighing measures to reduce the length of probation sentences and create incentives that would allow people to shorten their sentences if they stay out of trouble.
At a news conference in the state Capitol Monday, the Democratic governor pushed lawmakers to get a bill to his desk.
"Punishment should fit the crime," Wolf said Monday. "Punishment should not be endless."
Wolf joined lawmakers and probation reform advocates at Monday's event. The governor said he has had productive talks with the Legislature about probation reform. Wolf has been a staunch advocate for criminal justice reform and Monday's news conference marked his most public push to change the probation system.
"Our excessively long sentences and cumbersome rules are causing Pennsylvanians to lose their jobs. Employers are losing much-needed workers, families are losing support systems, and taxpayer money is being wasted on a system that is not improving lives or reducing recidivism," Wolf said.
Critics have said Pennsylvania's probation system is too strict, and is costly and ineffective. More than 180,000 people are in the probation system in Pennsylvania.
Reform advocates say too many people are being sent back to prison for technical violations even if they aren't committing new crimes. Many people are seeing their probation sentences extended because of technical violations, such as missing an appointment with a probation officer, or because they can't repay court costs, advocates say.
Pennsylvania spends $100 million annually on technical parole violations, according to the Council of State Governments.
"We need to stop throwing people into jail for minor probation violations," Wolf said.
The issue of probation reform has gained widespread attention after the Philadelphia rapper Meek Mill was sentenced to prison for a violation of his probation in 2017. Following a massive public outcry and social media campaign (#FreeMeek), he was released after five months.
Prosecutors have objected to placing hard caps on the length of probation sentences. They'd prefer to see prosecutors and judges craft appropriate sentences.
Increasingly, Republican and Democratic lawmakers say the system needs to be improved. Lawmakers say people on probation shouldn't run the risk of going back to prison for missing an appointment with a probation officer or crossing county lines for work or a medical appointment.
At his news conference, Wolf indicated a preference for "hard caps."
"We need to end the practice of forcing Pennsylvanians to spend decades jumping through hoops and institute hard caps on the length of time a person can be on probation," Wolf said.
State Rep. Sheryl Delozier, a Cumberland County Republican, and State Rep. Jordan Harris, a Philadelphia Democrat, have sponsored a probation reform bill in the state House. State Sen. Anthony Hardy Williams, a Philadelphia Democrat, and Sen. Camera Bartolotta, a Washington County Republican, have sponsored a Senate bill.
Harris said the probation system is broken and "it's creating broken people."
"Probation in Pennsylvania is the quicksand of the criminal justice system," Harris said, noting that it's so difficult to get out of it.
Williams said those on probation face a conundrum of having to maintain a job while having regular appointments with probation officers in the middle of the day, potentially leading to problems at work.
"This is not going to make Pennsylvania less safe," Williams said of probation reform. "It will make Pennsylvania more sane."
Groups on opposite ends of the political spectrum are pushing for changes in the probation system, including the American Civil Liberties Union and the Commonwealth Foundation. Leaders of the Safe Streets and Second Chances Advisory Council joined Wolf and lawmakers at the news conference.
The REFORM Alliance, an organization founded by Mill and billionaire entrepreneur Michael Rubin, partner in the 76ers, is pushing to reform the probation system in Pennsylvania and in other states.
Lawmakers continue negotiating key components of the reform package. Some lawmakers had initially hoped to see legislation sent to the governor before the end of the year. Others have said that with only a limited amount of legislative days remaining, the package may not be done until next year.
Ron Southwick, PennLive


Every class and school is a tribe. Power of tribalism in future world. Need for students to understand tribalism as force in family, community, nation, culture, brands, identity, belonging. Every group creates own tribes. Religion as tribal force. Future of traibalism. Clash of cultures. Christianity and Islam. Understanding other people's culture and tribes. Links of tribes to protest movements, activists and terrorist groups. Video on future of education, high schools, colleges, universities, curriculum, trends, syllabus, exams, assessments, business schools, MBAs, degree courses - by Dr Patrick Dixon, Futurist conference keynote speaker for NAIS.


text:
Ahye wins gold for Trinidad-Tobago
By The Caribbean Camera Inc. on April 10, 2018 Comments Off on Ahye wins gold for Trinidad-Tobago
Michelle Ahye won Trinidad and Tobago its first gold medal in the women's 100 meters at the Commonwealth Games in Australia on Monday, clocking 11.14 to beat home Jamaican pair Christania Williams (11.21) and Gayon Evans (11.22).
In a field weakened by the absence of Jamaica's Olympic champion Elaine Thompson, who is contesting only the 200m and the 4x100m relay on the Gold Coast, Ahye was the pre-Games favourite, courtesy of her slick personal best of 10.82.
She was also the best-credentialed athlete in the final, having placed sixth at both the Rio Olympics and last year's world championships in London.
The 25-year-old, heavily tattooed and sporting dyed red dreadlocks, was among the quickest out of the blocks and she began to clear away from the field at the 60-metre mark.
Evans produced a mighty challenge in the outside side to finish strongly, but she could not catch Ahye nor her teammate Williams.
Ahye, who was Trinidad and Tobago's flagbearer at the opening ceremony last week, pumped her right fist as she crossed the finish line before falling on the track on the top bend in celebration.
Ahye wins gold for Trinidad-Tobago added by The Caribbean Camera Inc. on April 10, 2018


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text:
Дмитро Володимирович Кушнір — штаб-сержант Державної прикордонної служби України, що відзначився у ході російського вторгнення в Україну, учасник російсько-української війни, Герой України з врученням ордена «Золота Зірка».

Життєпис

Дмитро Кушнір народився на Старобільщині. Підписав контракт влітку 2010 року з Луганським прикордонним загоном. Ніс службу в складі відділу прикордонної служби «Бірюково», а згодом у міжнародному пункті пропуску «Довжанський» на кордоні з РФ. З початком бойових дій на сході України у 2014 році перейшов до мобільної застави Луганського прикордонного загону, потім - у прикордонній заставі швидкого реагування. Разом із співслуживцями підрозділу виконував специфічні завдання, був снайпером на території Мілового та Троїцького. На початку повномасштабної війни ніс службу у відділі прикордонної служби у місті Щастя на Луганщині в складі третього загону імені Героя України полковника Євгенія Пікуса. В умовах обстрілу їх позицій та наступу ворога у місті вдалося взяти у полон п'ятьох окупантів з екіпажу ворожої БМП. Згодом їх обміняли на українських військовослужбовців. На початку березня 2022 року Дмитро Кушнір разом із співслужицями брав участь в обороні ділянки фронту неподалік від міста Кремінна на Луганщині, щоб ворогу не вдалося захопити залізничну колію. Тоді ж брав участь у бойовій операції проти 120 росіян, які захопили близько 60 цивільних осіб, що перебували в комплексі споруд для людей похилого віку між Кремінною та Рубіжним на Луганщині. Українським захисникам вдалося знешкодити абсолютно всю ворожу техніку (кілька одиниць важкої бронетехніки та три вантажівки «Урал») та знищити ворога.

Нагороди
 Звання Герой України з врученням ордена «Золота Зірка» (23 лютого 2023) — за особисту мужність і героїзм, виявлені у захисті державного суверенітету та територіальної цілісності України, вірність військовій присязі.

Примітки

Джерела


text:
using System;
using Google.Api.Ads.AdManager.Lib;
using Google.Api.Ads.AdManager.Util.v202211;
using Google.Api.Ads.AdManager.v202211;
using DateTime = Google.Api.Ads.AdManager.v202211.DateTime;

namespace Google.Api.Ads.AdManager.Examples.CSharp.v202211
{
    /// <summary>
    /// This example gets run-of-network traffic for the previous and next 7 days.
    /// </summary>
    public class GetTrafficData : SampleBase
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Returns a description about the code example.
        /// </summary>
        public override string Description
        {
            get
            {
                return "This example gets run-of-network traffic for the previous and next 7 days.";
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Main method, to run this code example as a standalone application.
        /// </summary>
        public static void Main()
        {
            GetTrafficData codeExample = new GetTrafficData();
            Console.WriteLine(codeExample.Description);
            codeExample.Run(new AdManagerUser());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Run the code example.
        /// </summary>
        public void Run(AdManagerUser user)
        {
            using (ForecastService forecastService = user.GetService<ForecastService>())
            using (NetworkService networkService = user.GetService<NetworkService>())
            {

                String rootAdUnitId = networkService.getCurrentNetwork().effectiveRootAdUnitId;

                // Set the date range to include
                System.DateTime startDate = System.DateTime.Today.AddDays(-7);
                System.DateTime endDate = System.DateTime.Today.AddDays(7);

                TrafficDataRequest trafficDataRequest = new TrafficDataRequest() {
                    requestedDateRange = new DateRange() {
                        startDate =
                            DateTimeUtilities.FromDateTime(startDate, "America/New_York").date,
                        endDate = DateTimeUtilities.FromDateTime(endDate, "America/New_York").date
                    },
                    targeting = new Targeting() {
                        inventoryTargeting = new InventoryTargeting()
                        {
                            targetedAdUnits = new AdUnitTargeting[] {
                                new AdUnitTargeting() {
                                 adUnitId = rootAdUnitId,
                                 includeDescendants = true
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                };

                try
                {
                    TrafficDataResponse trafficData =
                        forecastService.getTrafficData(trafficDataRequest);

                    TimeSeries historicalTimeSeries = trafficData.historicalTimeSeries;
                    if (historicalTimeSeries != null)
                    {
                        Date historicalStartDate =
                              historicalTimeSeries.timeSeriesDateRange.startDate;
                        System.DateTime startDateTime = new System.DateTime(
                            historicalStartDate.year,
                            historicalStartDate.month,
                            historicalStartDate.day);
                        for (int i = 0; i < historicalTimeSeries.values.Length; i++) {
                          Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1} historical ad opportunities",
                              startDateTime.AddDays(i).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"),
                              historicalTimeSeries.values[i]);
                        }
                    }

                    TimeSeries forecastedTimeSeries = trafficData.forecastedTimeSeries;
                    if (forecastedTimeSeries != null)
                    {
                        Date forecastedStartDate =
                              forecastedTimeSeries.timeSeriesDateRange.startDate;
                        System.DateTime startDateTime = new System.DateTime(
                            forecastedStartDate.year,
                            forecastedStartDate.month,
                            forecastedStartDate.day);
                        for (int i = 0; i < forecastedTimeSeries.values.Length; i++) {
                          Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1} forecasted ad opportunities",
                              startDateTime.AddDays(i).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"),
                              forecastedTimeSeries.values[i]);
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception e)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Failed to get traffic data. Exception says \"{0}\"",
                        e.Message);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}


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text:
Q: How to run code just in one instance when using PM2? I use PM2 to control and manage node.js processes. With PM2 i run multiple instances of the application at the same time. The problem is that if you need to execute a specific code (task) only once, this code will be executed in each instance accordingly. I wonder if I can limit the execution of a certain code only to 1 instance? Is there any way to do this? Thank you!

A: You can use NODE_APP_INSTANCE env variable to do this: https://pm2.keymetrics.io/docs/usage/environment/#node_app_instance-pm2-25-minimum
Then in your NodeJS script you can have the following check:

// Run script only on first PM2 instance
if (process.env.NODE_APP_INSTANCE === '0') {
    foo();
}

Regards

A: I'm afraid that it's not possible to do that out of the box with pm2. You need to implement some sort of semaphore to track running instances count. Or get the part of the code you need to run once out of the main script and run it with scheduler.

A: Your question could have been more clear and descriptive. Its a bit confusing.
Nevertheless, you can refer to this cheatsheet for most used pm2 commands. Maybe it has the straight answer to what you are searching.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Teatro Franco Parenti
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