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Home » Volkswagen » Volkswagen Vento PDF Workshop and Repair manuals
Volkswagen Vento PDF Workshop, Service and Repair manuals, Wiring Diagrams, Parts Catalogue, Fault codes free download!!
Volkswagen Vento Workshop Repair Manuals Free Download
Volkswagen Vento 1992-1998 Service and Repair Manual VW.rar 221.5Mb Download
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Volkswagen Vento 1991-1997 Multimedia Service Manual.rar 145.9Mb Download
Volkswagen Vento is a compact class sedan manufactured by Volkswagen Concern from 1992 to 1998 and has replaced the Volkswagen Jetta II model.
Since 2011, India has offered the Volkswagen Vento model, which is a copy of the Polo sedan.
The Voltwagen Vento sedan debut took place in 1992. The name of the car translated from the Italian means "wind".
In 1993, Volkswagen Vento began to be marketed in the US market under the name of Volkswagen Jetta III.
In 1995, the model was upgraded, changing the appearance and equipment.
It was produced by Vento until 1998, until replaced by the new Bora model.
Volkswagen Vento was created on the basis of the model Golf III and from a technical point of view practically does not differ from this model. Outside, Vento differed only in small details such as original lighting, grille, bumper and, of course, body shape. However, the Vento was slightly larger at the expense of a separate trunk, the volume of which when not folded rear seats was 550 liters, and with the accumulated 850 liters.
Salon Volkswagen Vento is quite spacious for its class. The size of the sedan is 4380 mm in length, 1695 in width and 1425 mm in height.
The most popular are versions of the sedan with the GTI and VR6 indexes. These versions distinguish the richer interior decoration, and the most powerful engine in them under the hood. The GTI version until 1993 was equipped with a 2.0-liter 8-valve engine with 115 hp, and after 1993 – already a 16-valve engine of the same capacity with a capacity of 150 hp
The VR6 engine is of two types. With a front-wheel drive volume of 2.8 liters (174 hp) and four-wheel drive versions Syncro (appeared at the end of 1994) with a 2.9-liter engine power of 190 hp This is a snap of the standard version.
Of course, such engines will please the car owner with good dynamics, but for this will have to pay more expensive service and high consumption of gasoline. For example, an engine of 2.8 liters consumes 15 liters per 100 kilometers. Therefore, the most optimal are engines with a capacity of 1.6 l / 75 hp and 1.8 l / 90 hp Since 1996, Vento began to install an engine with a capacity of 1.6 liters and a power of 100 bhp.
There are diesel versions of the sedan. The weakest of them was 1.9 l with a capacity of 64 hp. The same engine, but with turbocharging, either 75 or 90 hp Since the summer of 1996, the 1.9-liter turbodiesel of the new design with the capacity of 110 hp has appeared.
The Vento suspension is borrowed from the Golf McPherson front with a stabilizer for transverse stability, and behind the so-called semi-independent beam (in the all-wheel drive versions the rear is also independent).
In 2011, the Vento model was introduced in India, which qualitatively differed from the pioneers of the ruler. As a result of the redesign, Vento received a new bumper with horizontal, rectangular fog lights. The three-component grille of the radiator has become larger. On the hood appeared more distinct bends. The rear part was marked by refreshed lights that mimic LED lighting. The rear bumper made the Vento wider. The car received a lot of chrome decorative exterior elements, including: door handles, facing front and rear bumpers, and exhaust pipes. In the driver's salon will meet a color scheme of brown and beige and more modern equipment. The interior has become more refined. The base of top models includes cruise control, the function of cooling the glove compartment, the left foot pedal, the button for the remote opening of the luggage compartment, the complex side mirrors with electric drive and LED indicators. Improved control parameters. Under the hood there are gasoline and diesel power units. Particular attention is paid to the productive gearbox DSG.
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Sr. Coordinator/Coordinator-BEC Project Management (Bangalore, KA, IN, 560099) | Scientific & Regulatory affairs Jobs at Apotex Research Pvt. Ltd.
Date: May 3, 2019Author: Saurabh Gayali
Apotex is a proudly Canadian, global pharmaceutical company that produces high-quality, affordable medicines (both generic and innovative pharmaceuticals) for patients around the world. We are the 7th largest generic pharmaceutical company globally with more than 12,000 employees and estimated sales of approximately $3 billion. Our fully integrated operation is comprised of four lines of business: Global Generics; Apobiologix; Global Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API); and ApoPharma (Innovative Products). With our worldwide manufacturing sites, Apotex can produce up to 24 billion dosages per year. We produce 300 medicines in 4,000 dosages and formats that are exported to 115 countries. Apotex will spend $2 billion over the next 10 years on research and development.
Works closely with the Team Leader to update on all projects related activities in PHRMSCHED and preparation of NOC & TL applications to DCGI Responsible for communicating project related updates to relevant project teams.
Works with internal departments of ARPL-BEC to ensure, compilation and verification of Bio reports in Docubridge before submitting to the internal regulatory affairs group and issues of controlled forms to Clinical operations department. Executes other duties as may be assigned by the management and as training and experience allow.
Conducts duties following established Apotex Research Pvt. Ltd., Bioequivalence Center's Standard Operating Procedures and in a manner consistent with the appropriate regulatory guidelines, GCP requirements and Safe Work Procedures.
Supervises administrative assistance with report compilation and archival of study data post-study.
Supervises review of report compilation and archival of study data post-study.
Works as a member of a team to achieve all outcomes.
Perform all work in support of our corporate values of pride, Accountability, Integrity and Diligence; Demonstrates strong and visible support of our values.
Performs all work in accordance with all established regulatory and compliance and safety requirements and all other duties as assigned
Coordinate with Project Coordinator, Team Leader and relevant team members to discuss project updates and ensure project timelines are not compromised.
Supervises the coordination with relevant departments/CROs on study reports for compilation and populate into relevant software before submitting to the internal regulatory affairs group for both internal and CRO projects.
Provides administrative assistance with report compilation and responsible to coordinate with relevant departments/CROs for all the supporting documents required for the bio report submission (FDA Tables, CS-BE, Investigator documents etc.).
Responsible for issue of controlled forms to operations controlled by BEC-Projects.
Executes other duties as may be assigned by the management and as training and experience allow.
Participates in the creation, development and revision of ARPL – BEC SOP's.
Preparation NOC and TL applications to DCGI for permission to conduct bioequivalence/bioavailability studies
Responsible for updating the projects status in the relevant database
Science Graduate
Previous experience in data management
Proficient in the use of Microsoft Office software
At Apotex, we are committed to fostering an inclusive, accessible work environment, where all employees feel valued, respected and supported.
Apotex offers accommodation for applicants with disabilities as part of its recruitment process. If you are contacted to arrange for an interview or testing, please advise us if you require an accommodation.
from Apotex – Scientific & Regulatory Affairs http://bit.ly/2Jficnx
About Apotex
Apotex Inc. was founded in 1974, and is the largest Canadian-owned pharmaceutical company. From its 2 employees, 5,000 square foot beginning, the company has grown to employ over 6,500 people in research, development, manufacturing and distribution facilities world-wide. The Canadian operations of the Apotex Group of Companies with 5,800 employees now occupy over 3 million square feet in Montreal, Richmond Hill, Toronto, Etobicoke, Mississauga, Brantford, Windsor, Winnipeg, London, Calgary and Vancouver. Apotex produces more than 300 generic pharmaceuticals in approximately 4,000 dosages and formats which, in Canada, are used to fill over 89 million prescriptions a year – the largest amount of any pharmaceutical company in this country.
Today, Apotex is a necessary and trusted member of Canada's healthcare community. The company's pharmaceuticals can be found in virtually every pharmacy and healthcare facility in Canada and are exported to over 115 countries around the globe. Export markets represent an ever growing portion of the total sales. Apotex has also established a presence through subsidiaries, joint ventures or licensing agreements in Australia, Belgium, Czech Republic, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Turkey, and the in, to name just a few. Healthcare professionals around the world rely on Apotex for quality and value.
Although the company's own business is developing and manufacturing generic pharmaceuticals, the success of Apotex has enabled it to diversify into a number of other health-related areas. The Apotex Pharmaceutical Group of Companies also researches, develops, manufactures and distributes fine chemicals, non-prescription and private label medicines, and disposable plastics for medical use.
The worldwide sales of the Apotex Group of companies exceed $1 billion (Canadian $) per year.
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Returning Financial Aid Process
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APPLICATION PROCESS FOR RETURNING STUDENTS
All students who wish to be considered for any need-based aid, including the Direct Stafford Loan and federal work study, must file a FAFSA each year.
File the Renewal FAFSA - if you filed the FAFSA in 2022-23 you will be receiving notice to file your Renewal FAFSA starting in October. You can file your renewal FAFSA on line at studentaid.gov after October 1, 2022 and preferably no later than March 1, 2023. When completing the 2023-2024 FAFSA, remember to list King's College as your school choice and include our federal school code, 003282. Please review your anticipated housing status for 2023-2024 and update it if necessary. If completing the FAFSA online and you are a dependent student, a parent must also sign the application. It can be signed on-line if the parent has their FSA ID.
PA State Grant recipients - the FAFSA is also used to determine eligibility for the PA State Grant for Pennsylvania residents. It must be filed by May 1, 2023 by renewal applicants. Please don't miss this important filing deadline. Pennsylvania Higher Education Assistance Agency(PHEAA) may request additional information from you. If requested, please respond promptly.
Your application may be selected for verification by the federal processor. If selected, we are required to verify the accuracy of the data you provided on your FAFSA. If selected, you will be required to provide additional information to us. Please respond promptly to all requests for information as it may impact your eligibility for aid.
Current students' aid eligibility will be evaluated at the end of the Spring 2023 semester. Students must be meeting satisfactory academic progress requirements in order to be eligible for financial aid in 2023-24. Offer letters will be available to all students with complete financial aid records beginning in June on the students WebAdvisor account.
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Since HTC decided to be awesome and make the One (M8) available the same day they announced it, we know that a few of you currently have the device in hand. With that being said, we know there is an even greater number of folks who are still undecided as to whether the M8 would be a good purchase. Who better to trust with such a decision than the fine DL reader community, right?
As far as our thoughts are concerned, we feel that the M8 has been a major step forward for HTC. The device's build quality is unrivaled, the user experience so far is quite fluid, and we are even trying to get over the fact that it only features a 4MP rear-facing camera.
However, we do have a few dislikes, mainly being the overall size of the phone; it's just too tall. When the phone is in your pocket and you are moving around, it's at times easy for the phone to dig right into your thigh; a feeling which can be most uncomfortable. As for other downsides, there aren't too many. While we may have to get used to the Ultrapixel camera, it doesn't mean we love it – it just means we can tolerate it.
We want to know your thoughts on M8, though. We know our readers have a very diverse outlook on Android phones, so for anyone who currently owns the M8, we would love to know how you are liking/disliking your time with it.
Shoot down below to the comments section and let the community know your thoughts on the M8.


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Home / Authentication / cybercriminals / Epic Game Store / epic games / Fortnite / game / gaming / latest / Multi-Factor / news / Security / Unreal Engine / Epic Games Will Boost Security With Multi-Factor Authentication After Getting Hit With Lawsuit
Epic Games Will Boost Security With Multi-Factor Authentication After Getting Hit With Lawsuit
April 19, 2019 Authentication, cybercriminals, Epic Game Store, epic games, Fortnite, game, gaming, latest, Multi-Factor, news, Security, Unreal Engine
The company behind Fortnite,Epic Games has announced new security measure to secure users'accounts for one of its popular battle royal game, Fortnite,the Epic Game Store and Unreal Engine users safe from cybercriminals.
Epic Games said in its blog post that it will soon be using a multi-factor authentication system (MFA) by using the dedicated authenticator app or email.The SMS-based authentication will be brought out soon by the company for the games and its platforms.
Epic Games has also confirmed in the post that they will be rolling out text-based multi-factor authentication in the future as the SMS-based authentication process is not that secure.
Additionally, company have begun ensuring security of new passwords by comparing them against the Have I Been Pwned "Pwned Passwords list (v4)" before they are applied to an account, in order to prevent users from securing their account using passwords already well-known to attackers.
MFA will help the user increase and strengthen the security of their account. Currently, the users can choose between using an authenticator app or receiving the 2-factor key on their registered email id.
Epic Games has also said that the SMS-based 2-factor authentication will be available soon for its other games and platforms. The players who have enabled their MFA are receiving the Boogie Down emote for free in Fortnite.
In the blog post, the developer has stated,
"The Epic account system powers Fortnite, the Epic Games store, and Unreal Engine. This account system has never been compromised. However, specific individual Epic accounts have been compromised by hackers using lists of email addresses and passwords leaked from other sites which have been compromised."
In case, any email account being used with the Epic Account has been compromised in the past, Epic Games will block the account and will force users to reset the password.
Epic Games Will Boost Security With Multi-Factor Authentication After Getting Hit With Lawsuit Reviewed by Staff on April 19, 2019 Rating: 5


Gaia Nomads – Traveling, learning, teaching and enjoying!
We are three nomads – Sophia, Laura and Alish – sharing this platform to present our unique ways of enjoying this lifetime through our philosophy, our way of traveling, learning and teaching all we know.
Here you will find our travel plans and news, our individual skills, our ideas and dreams for the future-to-creat life we want to live!
From October on Laura and Alish are stablishing in Leipzig, Sophia will continue traveling and moving around through France.


We collect information from you when you request an estimate or send a file.
When requesting an estimate or sending a file on our site, as appropriate, you will be asked to enter your name and e-mail address. You may, however, visit our site anonymously.


"Mae Simpson's voice seems to come from another time. The time when sounds, words, and passion mattered most in music. Mae has a vocal range that immediately made me feel like I was watching a young Janis Joplin take control of a crowd and the keyboards, drums, bass, and the saxophone were reminiscent of Van Morrison."
In this week of Janis Joplin's birth, you will want to catch Mae Simpson! Influenced by blues, soul, funk and folk, the Mae Simpson Band quickly realized their collaborative efforts had a sound worth pursuing. Whether the venue is small and intimate, or raucous and roaring, the band members' contagious connection draws the audience into each note.


Web Searching, Information Literacy and Learning (Web-SeaL) is a research project funded by the Academy of Finland for the years 2006-2009. The project is coordinated by the University of Tampere's Department of Information Studies and the research is conducted in the following sites: University of Tampere/Department of Information Studies, University of Tampere/Department of Education, and University of Lapland/Faculty of Education, Centre for Media Pedagogy.
The project aims to study the relations between Web searching, information literacy and learning and to clarify the interplay of information literacy and learning in the Web-dominated information environment. The long-term aim of the project is to intensify the flowering of information literacy as a part of basic education. This is seen as a necessary step to improve the readiness of learners to meet the challenges of vocational and academic education. The work is founded on cooperation between researchers in information studies and educational sciences to puzzle out the multidisciplinary research problem.
The Centre for Media Pedagogy at the Faculty of Education participated in the Web-SeaL project by exploring the following research questions of the project: (a) How problem-based learning integrates information literacy to the learning process?, and (b) How specific pedagogical solutions (e.g. learning to produce digital videos as a problem-based learning cycle) support meaningful learning of information literacy?
The research was part of a a multi-phase design-based research process of designing, implementing, and refining a problem-based learning (PBL) course ("Digital Video: Supporting Meaningful Learning through Producing and Using Digital Videos") on educational digital video (DV) production for the Faculty of Education's Media Education curriculum. A special feature of the course is that students will produce educational DVs for the teachers of the Faculty of Education to be used as their course material. Therefore, the research also implemented and tested a new model of educational DV production for the faculty.
During the Web-SeaL project the " Digital Video: Supporting Meaningful Learning through Producing and Using Digital Videos" course was piloted on the fall of 2006. Students learned how to produce educational DV clips. As part of their studying they produced in pairs DV clips as a commissioned work to the Faculty teachers. Students were responsible for the whole production process, which was supported by three PBL cycles. Students' independent knowledge acquisition was situated between the tutorials, and during it students searched information from various sources such as the Web and workshops.
The research explored how the realization of the PBL cycles contributed to students' information literacy, which can be defined as an essential skill supporting knowledge acquisition in learning. Enhanced information literacy is also one of the expected outcomes of the learning process. The DV production process is a challenging task for the students from the knowledge acquisition point of view, since most of the students have no prior experience of educational DV production. In addition, the process requires developing knowledge and skills in multiple domains besides media pedagogy such as dramaturgy, video expression, video production, copyright laws and regulations, and journalism. The process relies heavily on students' independent knowledge acquisition, which is situated between the PBL tutorials.
From the student perspective, how do the designing and producing of DVs as a commissioned work support meaningful learning?
What implications do the students' experiences have for the PBL course design?
How does the designed PBL -based Digital video course support the meaningful learning process and outcomes, especially information literacy?
What implications do the results have for the refinement of the PBL course?
Hakkarainen, P. (2008). PBL informaatiolukutaidon yhteisöllisenä tukena ja näkyväksi tekijänä. In E. Sormunen & E. Poikela (Eds.), Informaatio, informaatiolukutaito ja oppiminen [Information, information literacy and learning]. Tampere, Finland: Tampere University Press.
Hakkarainen, P. (2007). Promoting meaningful learning through the integrated use of digital videos. Doctoral dissertation, University of Lapland. Acta Universitatis Lappoensis 121. University of Lapland, Faculty of education, Finland.
Hakkarainen, P. (2006). PBL-tutoriaali informaatiolukutaidon yhteisöllisen rakentumisen paikkana [PBL tutorial as a site for collaborative construction of information literacy]. Kasvatustieteen tila ja tutkimuskäytännöt. Paradigmat katosivat, mitä jäljellä? Abstraktit (pp. 205-206]. Kasvatustieteen päivät 23.-24.11.2006 [Educational Science Days], Oulu. Oulu: Suomen Kasvatustieteellinen Seura ry.
Hakkarainen, P. (2006). PBL-tutoriaali informaatiolukutaidon yhteisöllisen rakentumisen paikkana [PBL tutorial as a site for collaborative construction of information literacy]. Presentation given at Kasvatustieteen päivät 2006 [Educational Science Days 2006], November 24-25, 2006, Oulu, Finland.
Hakkarainen, P. (2006). Designing and producing digital videos as a problem-based learning cycle to support meaningful learning. Presentation given at the Workshop on Human Centered Technology HCT06, June 11-13, 2006, Pori, Finland.


Mold comes in many different forms, shapes, sizes, smells, colors, you name it, the differences are endless. The most speculated types of mold are white mold and black mold with the black mold being the most common. A frequently asked question that sometimes goes unanswered is, what are the differences between white mold and black mold?
First, we're going to give you the rundown on black mold. Black mold, technically termed Stachybotrys chartarum, is both dangerous and toxic to both humans and pets. The way black mold forms is by feeding off natural food sources including wood and dust in moist areas. The CDC offers a large collection of information on black mold and common questions asked. The most common places in homes and buildings black mold forms are under sinks, in basements, inside walls, and around windows and AC units. Often times, some molds can look just like black mold but actually are very dark green, gray, and brown and just assumed to be black mold. Depending on whether or not people living in homes with black mold are experiencing symptoms and how severe the infestation is, will determine if you need to leave completely, or just avoid areas where black mold is found. We suggest airing on the side of caution and removing yourself and pets from homes and buildings where black mold is found.
Industry professionals have long debated the categorization of white mold. White mold can be considered the beginning stage of many different types of mold. To simplify this, white mold can be a young black mold or a growing Stachybotrys chartarum. White mold is also an adult type of mold. Generally, white mold is identified as what you see growing on food and plants at the beginning stages before it turns into a different color but is also prevalent in homes and buildings. Just like black mold, people should consider white mold dangerous and get it tested as soon as possible. If it is mold at the beginning stages, it is best to catch it before it spreads and releases spores into the air.
To conclude the differences between black mold and white mold is mold is mold and it should be treated the same. Take the same precautions with white mold, as you would with black mold. Always air on the side of caution when dealing with the mold of any color. Be sure to reach out to mold professionals in your area when you find mold whether it be white, black, blue, gray, or green.
Any sign of mold in your home can seriously impact your day-to-day life. It can appear in your shower, countertops, tile floors, drywall or cause serious damage to your roof, windows, pipes and even the air. But we're here to tell you that you don't have to live with this! So what are we here to talk about? MOLD PRODUCTS!
Sometimes it feels like there are so many solutions out there. Products that claim to get rid of mold, mildew, and clean your air. Luckily, we have outlined some of these home remedies and are highlighting them to show you what is in the market making these claims. These examples come with the disclaimer so please don't confuse these solutions for problematic mold that is airborne or is causing damage to your home. In this case, we 100% recommend you call a professional to assess the situation and identify the source.
This brand offers an array of mold removal products. Mold Armor uses a powerful bleached-based formula that claims to kill mold without scrubbing on multiple surfaces including interior walls, bathroom surfaces or exterior areas such as brick, vinyl siding or concrete.
Simply spray on to the desired surface, let stand 10 minutes and rinse off.
Using bleach as an attempt to remove mold, won't always work. Beach opaques mold which turns it white instead of getting rid of it. Using bleach on porous surfaces such as wood and concrete can permanently damage those surfaces and may eat away at them worse than mold would. Also, this product has a strong chemical base which can be dangerous when inhaled or used in closed areas.
With a heavier focus on interior areas, Tilex uses a Clorox bleach formula to kill mold, mildew and other bacteria found on any nonporous surface such as showers, counters, sinks, bathtubs or tiles. This spray also claims to remove tough mold stains commonly found in the home.
Spray on surface affected by mold or mildew, let stand for five minutes and rinse off.
Again, bleach does not always solve the problem. Our advice would be to use an anti-bacterial soap to clean nonporous surfaces. Why? It's in the name! ANTIBACTERIAL. Mold is a bacteria.
This product claims to serve as a green approach to mold removal. Concrobium is a product that aims to prevent and eliminate mold without harmful chemicals or bleach. On the bottle, it mentions it can be used for general interior maintenance, damage repairs, and construction or renovation projects.
Apply a thin layer of the solution to the desired surface and allow it to dry thoroughly. Once the surface is dry, wipe clean and use again for any residual staining. For mold prevention, leave a thin layer on the surface.
We like that this product contains no harmful chemicals and also claims to encapsulate mold spores. Even though it may get growing mold spores under control, It almost sounds too good to be true. we would probably classify this as more of a cleaning product rather than a mold killer.
While this product is not a "mold killer", a home mold testing kit claims it can help you identify potential harmful and toxic mold spores. Pro-lab offers three types of testing: indoor air quality, AC/heating air test, and surface mold sampling. There is an optional mail-in lab analysis that can tell you the type of mold for an extra $40 fee.
We won't bore you with the exhaustive instructions, but each kit comes with all of your testing supplies and a detailed step-by-step guide. The entire process could take about an hour.
If your mold issue is unexplained growth, it's best to consult with a professional and we'll tell you why. Even though this test may tell you whether or not you have mold in your home, this test still doesn't tell you where the mold is coming from. A lot of surface mold leads to a source of hidden mold which a lot of times is more severe than what meets the eye. If you're using this test to cut cost and you find you have mold, you're missing vital steps in the mold detection process including consulting, support with questions, expertise, and a post-remediation clearance test to ensure the mold is completely removed. After sampling and sending in the results, the cost difference is not that large and with professional mold testing, you get a professional with years of experience and more assurance.
Until we use these products and conduct the proper before and after testing, we will not be able to fully judge whether or not they work. A case study with a record of results is what is needed to really judge the effectiveness of each product. Remember, these products are only designed to rectify mold to a certain extent. We would always advise consulting with a professional, like Air Quality Assessors, to determine what type of mold you are dealing with to prevent any further damages.
Pregnant mothers are very susceptible to the ill effects of molds in the environment because of their delicate condition. Infants, babies, and toddlers can also have significant reactions to even the smallest amount of mold. Everyone is actually exposed to mold (and mildew) every day but depending on the type and level determines if and how you will be affected. Black Mold is an unwelcome and dangerous guest in your home and one that should not be taken lightly, but it can be prevented and treated.
Becoming pregnant and having mold grow in your home can cause a multitude of problems for you and your baby's health. Generally, molds cause respiratory problems such as asthma, skin rashes, unsightly smells and other allergic reactions. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) has stated that exposure to certain types of molds to individuals, particularly to pregnant women is quite dangerous. Studies have shown that of all the types of molds, the black mold (Stachybotrys Chartarum) is the most dangerous and exposure to it whether pregnant or not, can be a threat to one's health. In an article by The New York Times reported on several similar occurrences of bleeding lungs in children from newborns to 10 months old due to mold exposure. Food mold is a whole other subject and definitely deserves some attention. For more information on food mold and what types you should avoid especially while pregnant, view this excerpt from the USDA.
Pregnant mothers will do anything to protect their growing babies. Unfortunately, it sometimes goes unknown when mold exposure occurs. Repeated and prolonged exposure to black mold can affect the physical development of a fetus. Severe maternal allergies secondary to black mold exposure can lead to serious damages to the growing fetus. This includes brain damage and problems with the respiratory system. Also, the exchange of gases is not facilitated in a manner that is sufficient to supply the oxygen supply of the mother. If this happens, less is delivered to the fetus thus causing alarm since oxygen is necessary for optimum brain and respiratory functions. Women who are pregnant can suffer birth defects, miscarriage, and infertility later on.
Mold exposure can impact your health in many ways. Mold releases lethal mycotoxin spores and can cause neurological breakdown, pulmonary decay, immune system degradation, skin irritation, and even death. The spores released by black mold attach your brain's neurons—incapacitating your mental ability. The reaction to black mold can be tremors, mood swings, and other neurological shifts. If you're exposed for long enough, black mold spores can shut down your organs, incapacitate your immune system, and damage your brain—resulting in death. Other symptoms of black mold exposure include fatigue, headaches, seizure, tremors, mood swings, confusion, fever, eye irritation, sneezing, rashes, coughing, bleeding of the lungs, and sometimes death.
Very commonly, mold smells like mildew and must, so it can be detectable even when you can't see it. To be on the safe side, it is reiterated that pregnant women should stay away from molds. Pregnancy should be a pleasant experience unmarred by the presence of trouble-causing molds. Therefore, it will be best to get help from mold inspectors, like Air Quality Assessors, to help you act on such situations before they worsen.
September is here which means mold awareness month is upon us and we at Air Quality Assessors, would like to implement its purpose and inform, educate, and raise awareness so everyone knows the ins and outs of mold and its health effects. When it comes to mold, we've heard everything from "mold isn't harmful because it's natural" to "Oh, I just covered it up with paint so it won't affect me". These statements prove that there is much to be taught about the dreaded for letter word we call MOLD. For starters, we are going to tell you a few fun facts that stand out among the rest.
Fact #1: Mold comes in many varieties and colors.
A lot of people assume that mold is only black, and yes, mold is black and the most occurring mold is black mold, but it comes in many different color varieties like green, orange-yellow, and gray.
Fact #2: Regardless of your health, mold can and will affect you…eventually.
Being healthy doesn't mean mold won't affect you. We highly recommend that you do everything in your power to remain as healthy as possible, but this won't necessarily prevent mold from taking its toll on your health. Symptoms range from cold/flu symptoms to fatigue, and sometimes the worse symptoms (blindness, cancer, etc..) show up in your system significantly later than around the times of exposure (more on this shortly).
Fact #3: Mold destroys the material it grows on.
Mold needs 3 things to grow including moisture, nutrients, and proper temperature. Nutrients include multiple types of materials including wood, cotton, and drywall. When mold grows on these materials it is actually slowly eating away at the materials as seen in the photos below. The black mold is present on top of and inside of this wood panel and is growing within the crevices of the panel eating away at each and every area slowly but surely.
There are many more facts about mold and some will be covered through the rest of this post. Next, we will briefly cover the effects mold has on health.
As stated before, regardless of your health, mold can affect you. Chances of it having a negative impact on your health has to do with the length of time you are exposed, the severity of the issue, and the condition of your health. Since mold can grow within 24-48 hours, situations where there is major water damage, for example in a flood, it is best to address the issue immediately and either vacate or remove the affected materials.
The most common symptoms of mold exposure are those similar to a cold including coughing, sneezing, watery eyes, and skin irritation. More advanced symptoms include fatigue, nausea, pain in joints, and loss of appetite. As if that wasn't enough, there are more severe symptoms including memory loss, brain damage, cancer, and death. The results are plain and simple. Mold is BAD for your health.
There are many articles and publications that inform you of different actions you can take to rid your body of mold exposure. Some are doctor recommended and some are more natural ways as simple as drinking a combination of freshly juiced fruits and vegetables. Regardless of which path you take, it's best to be proactive in ridding your body of toxins.
As you can see, there is much to learn about mold. We have many blog posts that can help people understand all aspects of mold including how it effects your pets, mold in rental properties, and even the effects of toxic mold syndrome.
Our final words of advice: Don't ignore mold because it will continue to grow. Don't cover it up because it will come back. Always consider your health when dealing with mold and never wait to address it. "Don't just guess it, test it!"
Who Do You Call for Mold Inspection?
Many people aren't familiar with what we do at Air Quality Assessors until they find themselves dealing with an issue they've never dealt with before. Mold can be a troublesome disturbance to deal with, but luckily there are knowledgeable experts that can solve your problem so you don't have to. We want you to be informed on how to make an educated decision on who to go to when you find you're dealing with mold and know the full process, so here are some things to consider when you find yourself faced with a mold problem.
There is perhaps no houseguest more unwelcome than mold. Not only is it unsightly; untreated mold can grow out of control and cause an abundance of problems, including structural damage and even severely harm your family's health. We aren't talking about a little bit of bathroom mold and mildew. We are talking about dangerous embedded growth that you can't get rid of by turning on your vent fan.
The state of Florida mandates that the same company that tests for mold cannot treat any mold that may be found on your property. This is for the protection of consumer's health and safety and to make sure you are getting the most accurate and honest service. Air Quality Assessors specializes in the detection, testing, and assessment of mold. Our three-pronged approach to mold evaluation guarantees that your home will be thoroughly vetted. If any mold is found, we will then refer you to one of our trusted mold removal partners who will work with you to make sure your property is completely clear of any damaging fungi.
At Air Quality Assessors, our mold testing specialists are trained and certified as Florida Licensed Mold Inspectors with the training and experience necessary to find the past and current mold growth. Not only do we check for mold, but if you have a mold problem you most likely have other hidden issues you should get inspected.
We look for both past and current growth. Past mold indicates a water problem which may return if there is a specific problem like a recurring leak.
We inspect both inside and outside your home. This is to find places where hidden mold can cause structural problems like inside walls and crawlspaces.
Some mold growth is normal. The operative word is some. However, we will test all mold found to determine if it is harmful or could be a problem in the future.
We look for moisture. Water is mold's best friend so we check your property for sources of moisture that could contribute to mold growth.
So you feel confident is choosing Air Quality Assessors for your mold and indoor air quality needs, here is a little information about us. We have been serving Central Florida since 2010 and have almost 20 years of professional experience in the mold testing and remediation field. We operate in complete confidentiality and partner with trusted Indoor Environmental Professionals to give you unbiased results and the fast, effective solution you need to keep your home healthy and strong.
Black mold, a species of toxic mold, is a type of fungus that thrives off of moisture-rich areas. Black mold can appear slimy, and often show up as darkly colored, speckled discolorations. There can be a distinctive smell with a musty odor, which is sometimes the first clue of a black mold contamination. If left neglected, black mold can threaten the health of people and pets alike, as black mold species can produce vast amounts of mycotoxins. Mycotoxins are toxic substances produced by fungus released into the air, and when these mycotoxins are ingested or inhaled, symptoms will develop.
Black mold requires specific ideal conditions in order to grow and thrive in your home. Initially, mold spores must be present in your home. Black mold also requires a food source (such as wood or drywall), darkness, warmth, oxygen, and moisture. When the conditions align, black mold can grow within 24-48 hours. Other contributing factors can cause black mold to develop, such as leaking pipes and roofs, floods, and poor ventilation which leaves pockets of trapped moisture-rich air. Black mold does not always require warmth, as it can develop when condensation collects on cold pipes or concrete.
The symptoms of toxic black mold vary greatly depending on the duration of the exposure and the species of the mold. Toxic black mold is highly dangerous. Immunocompromised individuals such as babies, pregnant women, and the elderly may have intensified symptoms. Exposure to toxic black mold can affect several body systems including the nervous system, respiratory system, circulatory system, immune system, reproductive system, and the muscular system. The mycotoxins produced by black mold are neurotoxins, which lead to varying neurological symptoms. Feelings of brain fog, dizziness, mood swings, hallucinations, anxiety, depression, seizures, and numbness are just a few of the nervous system effects. The mycotoxins can also cause eye inflammation and vision problems. People who breathe in toxic black mold and mold spores experience breathing problems (wheezing, coughing, nasal congestion) and more severe issues such as breathlessness, and swelling or bleeding of the lungs. The circulatory system is easily susceptible, as toxic black mold can be inhaled and ingested, or absorbed through skin. Once the black mold enters a person's body, it travels through the blood. This can lead to inflammation and irregular heartbeats, blood clotting issues, and hemorrhaging. The chemicals in toxic black mold suppress the immune system. If a pregnant woman is exposed to toxic black mold, she can suffer a miscarriage or experience fetal development issues, as the black mold can cause cell mutations. The muscular system can be attacked with aches, pains, and chronic fatigue. A person can also experience rashes, severe itchiness, and hair loss. Toxic black mold is hazardous to the entire body, internally and externally.
If you see or suspect black mold in your home, it is best to call a professional to assess the contamination and properly remove it. There is a specific protocol to follow for safely removing the black mold from your home, and the licensed professionals at Air Quality Assessors are trained and experienced. We have high-tech, up-to-date equipment to help us perform a thorough inspection of your home. Our guaranteed service helps protect you and your family.


Question 1: There are foreign body sensation, tears, up and down left and right sliding, grinding eyes, sometimes blurred in wearing beautiful pupils.
Solution: If you wear the pupil for the first time, some are not suitable for the normal phenomenon. According to the first day 2 hours, the second day 4 hours, the third day 6 hours gradually increase the wearing time, which takes about a week to adapt slowly. As long as the symptoms do not aggravate, they are normal and do not need to worry too much.
Question 2: What if it's not the first time you wear it, but your eyes are still very uncomfortable?
Solution: Take off the pupil to check whether the lens is damaged and cracked, and whether the front and back are worn correctly. If it is not the lens problem, we should consider whether the radian of the eyeball itself causes friction when the lens moves. In fact, people with sensitive eyes will feel uncomfortable more or less. They can adapt to wearing them for a long time.
Question 3: If you wear beautiful pupils, your eyes will be very red. Does it matter?
Solution: Red eyes are caused by conjunctival congestion, not corneal bleeding, mainly by corneal hypoxia. When this kind of problem occurs, we should pay attention to whether we wear it for too long, or have the bad habit of wearing beautiful pupils to stay up late and sleeping without picking up beautiful contact lens. Corneal hypoxia for a long time will grow new blood vessels, so we must develop a good habit of wearing beautiful contact lens.
Question 4: If you wear it for a while, your vision will be blurred.
Solution: Explain that the secretion in the lenses increases, and the lenses need to be removed, cleaned and worn. This is not a lens problem, but a normal physiological response of the human eye. If you don't clean thoroughly, you will leave protein deposits on the lenses, which will affect the clarity of what you see. Therefore, you should pay attention to changing the nursing fluid regularly and scrubbing carefully.
Question 5: Why do eyes dry when wear pupils?
Solution: Wearing beautiful pupil eyes is easy to dry and fatigue should be a problem many pupil fans have encountered. Dry eyes are related to many factors, such as lacrimal gland secretion of individual eyes, eye sensitivity, environmental humidity, long time staring at computer screen, etc. This phenomenon is very difficult to avoid, you can buy a bottle of eye lotion, but the frequency of use should not be too high, and pay attention to wearing beautiful pupils do not rub the eyes.
Realcon Contact Lens Co., Ltd. was founded in 2009. It belongs to the aseptic class III medical device manufacturer. It is a state-level high-tech enterprise focusing on the development and production of color contact lenses.
Realcon series of pupils adopt inner film printing and dyeing process. The dyes do not touch the eyeball, increase the permeability and make the visual effect of coloring more vivid and three-dimensional, taking into account comfort and safety.


New technology, data, statistics, and processes are available to support the move toward accelerated underwriting.
Boston, November 9, 2016 – Consumers have long thought of life insurance as too expensive and have complained that the time it takes to process life insurance applications is unacceptable. Simplified issue products provided a faster result but at a higher price, and though they excluded the agent and eliminated the need for a paramedical exam, carriers can assess risk more accurately with the data, models, tools, and technologies that are now available. Accelerated underwriting is the new and improved simplified issue, emulating a similar buying experience without the extra risk to the carrier and providing a much broader and less expensive product offering.
This report describes some of the new technologies, processes, and tools carriers can use to improve the life insurance underwriting process for their customers through an accelerated data-driven process. This research is based on interviews with 26 executives at life insurance carriers, reinsurers, and vendors in various stages of development. The report profiles 14 of these vendors: Carpe Data, Deloitte, Force Diagnostics, Haven Life, Human API, Human Longevity Inc., Intellect Design Arena, Ladder Life, Lapetus Solutions Inc., LexisNexis Risk Solutions, Quantifyle, Reinsurance Group of America (RGA), TransUnion, and Validic.
This 40-page Impact Report contains three figures and four tables. Clients of Aite Group's Life Insurance service can download this report, the corresponding charts, and the Executive Impact Deck.
This report mentions Cerner, Cor, Hanover Re, Resonant, Sapiens, Step Solutions, Swiss Re, and Synodex.


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Long, lonely and costly road ahead in Iraq
Knight Ridder Newspapers
Baghdad, Iraq — Postwar Iraq has become what many U.S. intelligence officials feared and some predicted: a magnet for terrorists, who are finding shelter among a people growing more disaffected by the American-led occupation of their country.
On Thursday, the American commander of allied forces in Iraq, Gen. John Abizaid, confirmed the obvious after the U.N. headquarters in Baghdad was bombed: Terrorism is "the number one security threat in Iraq."
Foreign terrorists are streaming over the border to join forces with local guerrillas, the general warned.
"Clearly, they're going after Iraqis that are cooperating with us," Abizaid said at a Pentagon news conference. "They're going after soft targets of the international community. They're still seeking to inflict casualties upon the United States."
Increasingly, said one senior U.S. official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, the terrorists appear to have a well-thought-out strategy that may be working, as the United Nations and other international agencies pare back their presence and the United States faces the prospect of a long, lonely and costly occupation, with uncertain chances of creating a democratic and stable Iraq friendly to the West.
The terrorist strategy has four elements:
-- Kill Americans to raise the cost of the occupation and attract foreign jihadis — holy warriors — by killing under the banner of Islam.
-- Kill other foreigners to discourage cooperation with the United States.
-- Kill alleged Iraqi collaborators with the Americans.
-- Stoke popular discontent by sabotaging basic services and encouraging street crime.
What Abizaid didn't say — but ordinary Iraqis know — is that terrorists are finding sympathizers among a growing number of people who have been alienated by the heavy-handed tactics of American soldiers, and by the failure of the U.S.-led occupation to deliver safe streets, electricity, clean water and jobs.
"The occupation is a mess," said Hassan Fattah Pasha, the Iraqi-American editor of Iraq Today, a weekly English-language newspaper. "The people who really would have stuck their necks out for us — we're losing them. The more upset people get with the Americans, the more likely they are to at least look away from the troublemakers, if not support them."
The U.S.-led coalition is making some strides. It has set up local councils around the country, soldiers have been rebuilding schools and American administrators are establishing an independent court system.
But those achievements are overshadowed by the continuing disorder that has made Iraq so inviting for terrorists. The two major bombings of civilians in two weeks — at the Jordanian Embassy and the U.N. offices — targeted allies to the U.S. effort, clearly aimed at scaring them off.
Those, along with three large-scale incidents of sabotage amid a steady drumbeat of deadly violence against American troops, threaten the viability of the reconstruction effort.
Although the United Nations has pledged to remain in the country, it has pulled out a third of its staff, and other organizations are reassessing their presence. The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, whose loans will be essential to rebuilding Iraq's economy, withdrew their personnel this week.
Terrorists find Iraq an easy place to operate. It's a giant ammunition dump, filled with discarded and deadly explosives that are easy pickings for would-be bomb-makers. Saddam spent years building up his weapons arsenal. As the war wound down in April, many Iraqi soldiers just abandoned their guns and ammunition and walked away.
In a country the size of California, no number of soldiers can protect every hospital, hotel, bridge, electrical station, water and oil pipeline, especially from determined suicide attackers.
Even if more troops could make a difference, Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld has refused to send them. Efforts to bring in more international troops have stumbled over the Bush administration's unwillingness to cede control to the United Nations.
Neither can the U.S.-led force, which numbers about 150,000, police Iraq's porous borders. Although more than 800 Iraqi border guards have been hired, a fully capable force is months away.
Abizaid and other American officials say the answer to the threat lies in turning over more security tasks to the new Iraqi police force, now 50,000 strong, and civil defense corps, whose training started this month.
But police instruction consists of just three days of basics, and many officers remain unarmed. A new Iraqi army, projected at around 40,000, is two years away.
Most Iraqis expressed horror over the U.N. bombing, which killed 23 people, including Sergio Vieira de Mello, the top U.N. envoy in Iraq, and wounded more than 100. But more and more of them are cheering — or at least tolerating — attacks on American soldiers.
A poll last month by the U.S.-funded Iraq Center for Research and Strategic Studies showed that 22 percent of Iraqis thought the attacks on soldiers were provoked by troops' bad behavior.
Another 25 percent attributed them to "resistance forces," a word that in Arabic suggests sympathy for the attackers.
"Let me ask you a question," said Amir Diahiab, 36, whose father's home was raided by U.S. troops last month and heavily damaged. "If the Iraqi army invaded your country, and burst into your home at night, would you accept it or would you fight them?"
With gunfire erupting nightly in Baghdad and banditry widespread, many Iraqis in the capital complain that they've seen little improvement in their lives.
Four months after Saddam's ouster, drivers spend hours waiting in gasoline lines. Electric power runs for a few hours at a time before it quits for several more.
Water still hasn't been restored in some areas. Millions of people don't have jobs.
Every time U.S. soldiers kick in a door in the middle of the night or search a woman, Iraqis get angry. That anger spikes to outrage when innocent civilians die because a jumpy American soldier at a checkpoint fires his automatic weapon.
U.S. intelligence officials say hundreds of foreign fighters have been streaming into Iraq in recent weeks from across the Arab world. Abizaid said there was evidence of tactical cooperation between them and Saddam loyalists.
"I wouldn't say they have become allies per se, but I believe that there are some indications of cooperation in specific areas," Abizaid said. "Of course, ideologically they are not at all compatible. But on the other hand, you sometimes cooperate against what you consider a common enemy."
In addition, Abizaid said, the al Qaida-linked terrorist group Ansar al Islam has established cells in Baghdad.
Intelligence analysts in Washington suspect that the U.N. bomb was built by remnants of Saddam's regime, but delivered and detonated by an Islamic extremist, said one senior official, who also asked not to be named.
"Targeting the U.N. was a warning that anyone who cooperates with the United States — foreign or domestic — is a collaborator and will be treated accordingly," the official said. "The message to the Turks, the Pakistanis and others who might be thinking about helping out is: 'Stay out of this.'"


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Mental Imagery
What is Mental Imagery?
The simplest definition or description of mental imagery is the process of 'thinking in pictures'. It is also referred to as visualisation. A more formal definition would be: the inner representations (usually, but not always, in pictorial form) produced by the imagination. These representations might have external referents such as memories of lived experiences or they may be purely imaginary with no external referents. Put more simply, mental images are the productions of the imagination.
There is a rapidly expanding range of applications of mental imagery across several disciplines and guided imagery techniques are well-established methods in popular self-help literature. This interest is relatively recent. During the premodern period people believed that imagination played a role in causing illnesses and could be used as a method of healing. This view persisted in Western Europe until the Cartesian mindbody split became established as the dominant discourse during the 18th century. From then on the faculty of imagining was understood to be purely the contents of the mind and, therefore, in theory, it could no longer affect the physiological workings of the body. Furthermore, imagination was compared unfavourably with another mental faculty i.e. rational analytical reasoning. Consequently, it was regarded as an inferior type of mental processing that was immature and untrustworthy.
Overview cont/d
Imagination as a healing modality languished on the side lines until the latter half of the 19th century when there was upsurge of interest in the nonrational mind. The pioneering work of Janet who viewed patients' mental imagery as indications of communications from a potentially helpful unconscious source, helped to lay the ground for Freud's psychoanalytic method. From the inception of psychotherapy, nearly all therapeutic schools and approaches have to a greater or lesser extent accepted the therapeutic potential of clients' mental imagery. Some of the most significant clinical innovators of the 20th century contributed to the development of its therapeutic application in talking therapies. It would be fair to say that Jung's work on imagery and symbols stands out as one of the main enduring influences.
However, it took longer for other related disciplines such as psychology to engage with mental imagery. It was only halfway through the 20th century when a body of uncontrovertible empirical evidence had amassed , that mental imagery became an acceptable and legitimate area of study. The resultant flowering of interest in the 1970s laid the ground for widespread popular interest in using mental imagery and visualisation techniques for self-development and self-help. The new humanistic psychotherapies such as gestalt embraced the potential for mental imagery to bypass the restrictions of the intellect. Alongside its use in talking therapies, increasing interest in the reintegration of mind and body prompted explorations of the use of mental imagery in pain relief and bolstering the immune system in cancer patients. Behavioural techniques were developed that used imagery to model desired behaviours.
Contemporary practices with mental imagery
By the end of the 20th century, mental imagery had become an established approach and techniques such as guided imagery and visualisation were being developed and used in a range of disciplines. In talking therapies, contemporary cognitive approaches have embraced the therapeutic potential offered by clients' mental images and are at the forefront of new developments in research and practice. New imagery-based methods have been developed such as imagery rescripting for treating trauma. In psychology, early behavioural techniques for modelling desired behaviour have rapidly evolved into sophisticated imagery-based sports coaching methods. In holistic nursing practice, practitioners can now draw on a wide repertoire of guided visualistion scripts designed to help patients manage health conditions. And in popular culture, guided imagery is an accepted and everyday technique used in many different contexts for reducing anxiety and increasing relaxation.
The future direction of mental imagery applications is likely to be towards a deeper integration across several disciplines. There is a greater appreciation of the fundamental role that imagination plays in shaping cognitive processing. This has been influenced by the theoretical developments arising out of new disciplines emerging in the later part of the 20th century such as cognitive linguistics and psychoneuroimmunology. The clinical experience of early psychotherapists led them to believe mental imagery was a means of communicating between the conscious and nonconscious parts of the mind. We are now in a position to deepen the ways in which we understand and use this language (the 'forgotten' language as Fromm termed it) and integrate it more fully in all activities that heal, develop and nurture human life (see resources for further reading).


Welcome everyone to our very first game review!
As a big fan of the original Shelter game, I've been looking forward to play Shelter 2 ever since it was announced.
A big thank you goes to the Might & Delight team for letting us have a copy before launch.
But enough with the introductions, let's jump right into the game!
Starting off as a pregnant Lynx, you try to escape a pack of hungry wolves. As you escape the dangerous chase safely, the stars are calling you. Following them leads you to a den, warm and safe. Finally you've found shelter, the perfect place to bear your kittens.
You even get to name the little furballs! Isn't that just adorable? I named mine after the other members of the Playful Oasis team. Let's see if one of my kitty colleagues will get eaten by predators or starve. Of course we don't want that to happen!
In my freshly baked role as mother Lynx, proud and strong, I head out into the green, unknown world.
After countless failed attempts and already declaring myself as a failure as a mother I finally did it. I CAUGHT A RABBIT, YES!
My babies devoured the prey hungrily. I would have never thought that a bloodstained animal could actually look cute, but d'aww look at their dirty little paws.
Now come on my minions, uhm, children, let's go see the world!
Seasons passed quickly as I explored the vast lands with my little familiy. I grew into my role as a mother and my children grew in size.
My personal hunting highlight happened just at the beginning of winter, when I was afraid there might be not enough food around. I caught my first deer AND a rabbit in just one jump. My children were so proud of me.
It seemed like the blink of an eye when suddenly my children started to outgrow me. They even started to catch frogs on their own! I felt that soon, the time would come to part ways. We celebrated our remaining time together with a little family trip to "the beach".
Suddenly it happened, on a cool autumn morning, when I just wanted to head back towards our den. All my precious children stood there, rooted to the spot and looked at me. I called for them, as I did so many times before, but they didn't answer me. The time of separation had come. I turned around and ran away as fast as I could, not looking back.
Lying down on the wet grass I remembered all our adventures, the good and the bad times. Goodbye Ellie, Tom, Konrad and Dani, I thought you all I could, now it's your turn to walk this world.
As the game ends you get the option to start a new family, one of your cups taking on the role as parent. I was very lucky that all my babies survived, else they wouldn't be available for a new playround.
In terms of longtime motivation, Shelter 2 offers a huge amount of collectibles. During this first playround I only found very few. They are spread all over the world and finding them all is quite a challenge!
After a few understandability and movement control issues in the beginning, I really enjoyed my stay in the world of Shelter 2. There are a few things I would have liked to see (more individual characters for the kittens for example). However, all in all the game offers a great and unique experience.
Shelter 2 will be released on Monday, 9rd March.


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What Drives Militant Islam?
It's been almost 20 years since a fundamentalist Islamist regime unleashed unprecedented levels of violence and terror on Sudan. Now Khalid Mustafa Medani is exploring the socio-economic conditions that gave birth to this dark period in his homeland's history and continue to drive the worldwide politicization of Islam in the 21st century.
By Jonathan Montpetit
Khalid Mustafa Medani witnessed first-hand the devastation caused by Sudan's militant Islamist government. Now he wants to learn about the conditions engendering the politicization of Islam. Credit: Allen McInnis
When an Islamic fundamentalist-backed military regime overthrew Sudan's democratically elected government in 1989, Khalid Mustafa Medani followed the lead of the thousands of pro-democracy Sudanese activists who had previously toppled military regimes: he took to the streets in peaceful protest. But tear gas, the once-standard response to civil disobedience, soon gave way to unprecedented levels of widespread human rights abuses across the country. "In the north," Medani recalls, "the new regime established secret prisons—where suspected dissidents were tortured, starved and denied access to legal counsel—and initiated widespread repression of civil society organizations. In the south, aerial bombardments and scorched earth policies claimed the lives of thousands of innocent civilians."
Soon after the regime came into power, Medani left Sudan to continue his studies, earning a PhD in political science at the University of California, Berkeley. He then joined Stanford University's Center for International Security and Cooperation, where he continued the research he had begun in Sudan. It was primarily during his time at Stanford that Medani realized the developments he had witnessed in Sudan in the late 1980s—including the pattern of militant recruitment—actually represented "a microcosm of a larger phenomenon concerning the politicization of Islam in Africa and the Middle East." Consequently, he focused his own research on a number of countries which, in the language of political science, represent "most similar" cases: Sudan, Egypt and Somalia. Having witnessed the potential ramifications of the politicization of Islam in Sudan, Medani keenly realized that "an in-depth comparative study of the economic and social factors driving fundamentalist and militant Islamist movements is essential if Sudan and other Muslim majority countries are to transition into more democratic forms of regimes that uphold and protect the human rights of all their citizens."
This objective led Medani into what has become one of the most topical fields of academic study: the roots of militant Islam. In 2007, he was among 21 scholars awarded prestigious Carnegie Scholarships from the Carnegie Corporation of New York, a philanthropic organization dedicated to "the advancement and diffusion of knowledge and understanding"; all of the 2007 Carnegie scholars were chosen because their work explores themes relating to Islam and the contemporary world.
"The rise of Islamic movements was important in Sudan and the Middle East and East Africa at the time," says Medani, now an assistant professor of political science and Islamic studies at McGill, "but I had no idea how important it would become to the world after September 11, 2001. Sudan was the first Arab Sunni country to be taken over by fundamentalists, who overthrew a weak, but democratic, regime via a military coup d'état. Many people in Sudan and the Middle East, myself included, have long been aware of the danger of Islam in its militant form, but—although nobody could have predicted the events of 9/11—most analysts in the United States underestimated how these developments, far away from the West, would eventually engender global potential conflict."
The Carnegie money—$100,000 (U.S.) over two years—will allow Medani to perform the necessarily lengthy periods of extensive ethnographic fieldwork in Sudan, Somalia and Egypt. Over the course of his almost 20 years of research in the region, Medani has built a wide-ranging network of contacts and informants—including members and leaders of Islamist movements, disenchanted ex-Islamists and government bureaucrats—that will prove crucial to his ability to safely conduct interviews and engage in participant observation. "The Islamist movement is not monolithic in Sudan," he explains. "Contrary to popular misconceptions, jihadists remain a minority in Muslim countries, so it is possible to conduct this kind of research with a careful eye toward avoiding the dangers that are present. But to do so requires having established long-term trust."
Medani disagrees with the essentialist, orientalist view that something inherent to Islam drives people to violence. "The notion that Islam stands in opposition to Western values and outside global norms of rationality has been exaggerated," he says. "There's a long tradition in the academy of this paradigm, but it's inaccurate. For one thing, it underestimates historical change—such as the increasingly dense political and economic cooperation between Islamic and Western countries—and the simple fact that the majority of Muslims practice their religion without recourse to violence or even engagement with politics. More crucially, it obscures the very real socio-economic roots of this movement and ignores issues of social inequity and the decline in the quality of life among many Muslims. Such misinformation is leading to a great deal of conflict between the West and Muslim countries, and it is dangerously obstructing any efforts toward international cooperation and security following the tragic events of 9/11."
Medani is therefore focusing his attention on political economy. During the 1990s he was among the first scholars to stress the link between the expansion of informal economies and informal financial flows (i.e., the black market) and the financing that buoyed the successful rise of Islamist politics. (The Sudanese black market, for one, represents upwards of 30 per cent of that country's economy—and was essential to bankrolling the 1989 coup.)
Such an approach is not always popular. "When you talk about the socio-economic roots of terrorism," he says, "many assume that you are, in some way, an apologist for political militancy or even terrorism." But he is undeterred by such accusations because of his passionate belief that his work will help promote political and cultural pluralism in the Muslim world—and make at least a modest contribution to improving understanding between Western and Muslim communities. Some years ago, Medani told his parents in Sudan that he wanted to write about more optimistic political developments. He has never forgotten their answer: "One should write about what is important to others, and what provides a genuine public service."
Next: Out of the Classroom
Green plan
Customizing relief
Hearing the hungry
A stellar decade


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Inside the Opposition
Transfer Database
Dutch journalist: Frenkie de Jong wanted to join Man City over Barcelona and PSG
By City Watch
Frenkie de Jong wanted to join Manchester City more than Barcelona or Paris Saint-Germain, De Telegraaf journalist Marcel van der Kraan has sensationally claimed.
The 21-year-old has agreed to join Barcelona from Ajax in the summer, with City and PSG both missing out on one of Europe's most in-demand young players.
However, Van der Kraan told the Sky Sports News' Transfer Talk Podcast that it was Guardiola and City that De Jong wanted, but a move was not possible – most likely due to Financial Fair Play concerns at the Etihad.
"De Jong had made his mind up at an early stage," said Van der Kraan. "He wanted to go to one club which was Manchester City because they had a manager who he always believed in and who he thinks is one of the best in the world.
"[Netherlands head coach] Ronald Koeman recommended the player to Guardiola saying 'If you want a great midfielder who can help your team to do the tiki-taka and build it up from the back this is your man'.
"De Jong had a meeting with Guardiola but at that stage it was a bit far away.
"Ajax always gave him permission in the winter time to speak to a few managers including PSG's Thomas Tuchel.
"But if Man City had not been bothered by their own internal issues – and I'm looking at Financial Fair Play – he would've gone there.
"When that was not possible, PSG stepped straight in and wanted him and went up to a fee of €75m and the player agreed terms.
"However, Marc Overmars [Ajax director of football] – the wheeler dealer of Dutch football – knew there was bigger fish in the market and if there was a deal significantly bigger than they'd do that.
"Barcelona came in at the last moment, smashed it by another €15m and Frankie says 'Okay, I'm off to Barcelona'."
It's not the sort of news City fans would want to hear – the club missing out on an elite young talent that apparently wanted the move – but Pep Guardiola is sure to have other targets in mind for this summer.
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Copyright © 2019 City Watch


Choir Alberta is currently seeking enthusiastic volunteers to assist with Choralfest 2019! Volunteers are needed in a variety of roles, and they will have the opportunity to hear choirs from across the province perform in this festival, as well as observe our internationally-renowned clinicians at work.
The volunteers working at the reception/registration desk are there to assist choirs with getting started with their Choralfest experience. They handle the initial contact with any choir that comes in, process their on-site registration, prepare the evaluator packets with the music the choir brings, and also help control the flow of traffic through the doors of the performance venue. They are the chief point of contact for all volunteers and choirs for the festival.
Each choir usher is paired with a choir for the duration of the choir's stay at Choralfest. They help lead the choir from room to room and assist with keeping the festival on schedule. As each choir leaves the space, the choir usher also ensures that the room is put back in order for the next choir to arrive. If a conductor has a request or needs special assistance, the usher is the first point of contact to ensure that the conductor has everything they need for a rewarding Choralfest experience.
The host reads the biography of the choir for the audience and manages the AV rig for each choir's performance. They also help with audience control, ensuring that the audience is quiet for each performance.
The secretary sits with the evaluators and assists them with managing the paperwork for each choir. They also ensure that the evaluators have everything they need during their time at Choralfest.
These people assist with the set-up of equipment, chairs, and organizing each space required at Choralfest.


Susan Templeman has fought alongside the community for a Third Crossing for almost a decade, and the hard work has paid off. Labor has committed that, if elected, a third crossing of the Hawkesbury River will be delivered. But we need your feedback about the project. What is your preferred route? Do you have any concerns? It is imperative that this project be done right and we need your opinions to hold the State Government to account.
The process for determining where this bridge goes should be open, transparent and accessible to all, and Susan won't allow our community to be excluded from this process. Please fill out this survey to share your thoughts on a third crossing at North Richmond.


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Princepsi so bili pripadniki rimske vojske, ki so skupaj s hastati predstavljali jedro le-te vojske, vse do Marijevih reform.

Oboroženi so bili z dvema kopjema (piluma) in z mečem (gladijem). Poleg tega so bili opremljeni z velikim ščitom (scutum), ki je bil jajčaste oblike in je segel nekako do ramen povprečnega legionarja, kovinsko čelado (cassis), ki je prekrivala skoraj celoten obraz in manjšim prsnim oklepom (ploščo).

Princepsi so predstavljali drugo bojno črto v klasičnem bojnem razporedu rimske vojske (za hastati in pred triari). V primeru, če je prva vrsta hastatov popustila, je tribun poslal princepse naprej.

V času rimske republike so princepsi sestavljali 20 centurij (v vsaki 60 princepsov) posamezne rimske legije; od 4.200 legionarjev je bilo 1.200 triarijev.

Vojaške enote rimske vojske

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: Draw vector tiles on folium map How can I have some vector tiles drawn on a folium map in Python? Or any other alternative to folium.
Context: I did some filtering based on some positions of map features I fetched from Mapillary and I now want to see if these tiles ended up being what I was looking for ie: tiles on west coast with traffic signs captured after a specific date.
Input: I have a list of mercantile.Tile objects which I want to draw on a map. I can obtain the (min_lon, min_lat, max_lon, max_lat) if these would be needed - using the mercantile.bounds method.
I thought of maybe converting these tiles to the GeoJSON specification due to what I've seen in the folium documentation, but it seems like overkill to me; I have a hunch there should be an easier way for that. What I intend to achieve is seeing all the zoom_14 tiles in the list I have colored on the map; something like bboxfinder.com (no need for the details on the bottom of the page, but would be a great addition).
Also, please note that:

*

*the vector tiles I colored in the photo I uploaded are not of zoom_level 14; this was just for visualisation purposes.

*I do not need the automatically generated bbox that you see comprises all my colored tiles (would be a great addition, though)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Fukushima court ruling holds 'reckless' Tepco and government liable
Shaun Burnie
2ist March 2017
Radiation hotspot in Kashiwa following the Fukushima nuclear catastrophe. Photo: Abasaa via Wikimedia Commons (Public Domain).
A Japanese court has found the government and Tepco culpable for the Fukushima nuclear disaster for failing to act on clear warnings of the dangers of seismic shocks, writes Shaun Burnie. The ruling is sending a shockwave through Japan's 'nuclear village' and may end all prospects of any mass restart of reactors.
The court ruled that if the government had used its regulatory powers to make Tepco take countermeasures, such as installing seawalls, against such the anticipated tsunami event, the nuclear disaster could have been avoided.
Japan's atomic power establishment is in shock following the court ruling on Friday that found the state and the operator of the Fukushima nuclear plant liable for failing to take preventive measures against the tsunami that crippled the facility.
The reason for the shock is the ruling has wide-ranging implications for Japan's entire nuclear power industry and the efforts to restart reactors throughout the country.
Judges in the Maebashi District Court in Gunma prefecture ruled that Tokyo Electric Power Co. (Tepco) and the government were aware of the earthquake and tsunami risks to the Fukushima Daiichi plant prior to the 2011 triple reactor meltdown, but failed to take preventative measures.
The decision was welcomed by the 137 Fukushima citizens who filed the lawsuit in 2014. What needs to be remembered is a further 28 civil and criminal lawsuits in 18 prefectures across Japan are pending. They involve more than 10,000 citizens and include a shareholder claim seeking compensation of ¥5.5 trillion ($49 billion).
Tepco is already a de facto bankrupt, has been effectively nationalized and now faces the unprecedented challenges of how to remove three melted reactors at the Fukushima plant.
Six years after the disaster it still faces unanswered questions about the precise causes of the accident, questions that have generated public opposition to Tepco restarting reactors at another plant in Kashiwazki-kariwa in Niigata prefecture, on the opposite coastline to Fukushima.
Tepco and government 'foresaw' dangers but did nothing
Beside the court ruling being yet another blow to Tepco's efforts to recover from the Fukushima nuclear disaster, the judgement will be highly disruptive to plans by the government and utilities to restart nuclear reactors in Japan.
In the court ruling, the judges found that science-based evidence of major risks to the nuclear plant was "foreseen" but ignored and not acted upon by Japan's government and Tepco.
The evidence included a 2002 government assessment that concluded there was a 20% risk of a magnitude 8 or greater earthquake off the coast of northeastern Japan within 30 years. This includes the sea bed area off the Fukushima Daiichi plant.
Further, the plaintiffs cited a 2008 internal Tepco report 'Tsunami Measures Unavoidable' which included the likelihood of a potential 15.7 meter tsunami hitting the Fukushima nuclear site.
The court ruled that if the government had used its regulatory powers to make Tepco take countermeasures, such as installing seawalls, against such an event, the nuclear disaster could have been avoided.
Japan's rubber-toothed nuclear regulator
While the judges in Gunma prefecture have concluded that ignoring evidence of risk can have devastating consequences, that does not seem to be the approach of the nuclear utilities or the Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA).
Over the last four years, the NRA has demonstrated a tendency to ignore evidence of risks to nuclear plants that have made applications to restart reactors shut down after the Fukushima disaster, and to bend to the demands of the nuclear power companies and the government.
A total of 26 reactors have applied for NRA review, of which seven have passed and four more will likely be approved this year.
In each case, the NRA has failed to apply a robust approach to assessing risks. It has chose to screen out seismic faults that threaten nuclear plants, failed to follow recommendations from international safety guidelines, and accepted selective evidence on volcanic risks.
In the case of the three 40-year old reactors at Takahama and Mihama, the NRA approved the reactors, while granting the utility an exemption from demonstrating that the reactors primary circuit can meet the 2013 post Fukushima revised safety guidelines, until a later date.
All of these safety issues have the potential when things go wrong - see Fukushima - to lead to severe accidents, including reactor core meltdown.
Now Japanese courts are filling the regulatory void
District courts have issued injunctions against reactor restarts in Fukui prefecture, and in a historic ruling in March 2016 a court in Shiga prefecture ordered the immediate shutdown of the Takahama 3 and 4 reactors.
An appeal court is scheduled to rule on the above in the coming weeks and while it is anticipated that the reactor owner Kansai Electric will likely win, the prospects of further legal action remains.
Next month, for example, the former deputy chair of the NRA, Kunihiko Shimazaki will testify in a lawsuit against the operation of the Ohi reactors owned by Kansai Electric in western Japan.
Shimazeki, emeritus professor of seismology at Tokyo University and the only seismologist to have been an NRA commissioner, has challenged the formulas used by the regulator in computing the scale of earthquakes, which he believes underestimates potential seismic impact by factor of 3.5. Last July the NRA dismissed Professor Shimazeki's evidence.
Six years after the start of the Fukushima Daiichi accident, only 3 of Japan's reactors are currently operating out of the 54 available in 2011.
The end of nuclear power in Japan?
For any business that runs the risk of its principal cash-generating asset being shut down at any point and for an extended period through legal challenges, the future does not look bright - unless you are granted approval to disregard the evidence.
The utilities are hemorrhaging money and therefore run the risk of following the same path as Tepco prior to 2011 in prioritizing cost savings over safety. Such an approach directly led to the bankruptcy of Tepco, one the worlds largest power companies, and liabilities of at least ¥21 trillion.
The nuclear industry and current government of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe understand that to allow robust evidence of safety risks, in particular seismic, to determine the future of operation of reactors would mean the end of nuclear power in Japan.
Citizens from Fukushima with their lawyers and now supported by the judges, have moved Japan one step closer to that eventual scenario.
Shaun Burnie is a senior nuclear specialist with Greenpeace Germany. He has worked on nuclear issues worldwide for more than three decades, including since 1991 on Japan's nuclear policy. sburnie@greenpeace.org.
This article was originally published here on Asia Times.


The Nominet Trust 100 (NT100) is an annual celebration of the 100 most inspiring ways that digital tech is changing our world for the better. This year the NT100 also gives special recognition to 'Everyday Tech Heroes' — the people who have first-hand experience of a problem, and have creatively used technology to overcome it.
To give you an idea of how these Everyday Tech Heroes are changing their lives and giving hope to others facing the same challenges they've faced, we are shining a spotlight on three organisations: Illuminum Greenhouses, the South-West Open Youth Orchestra and Nova Credit.
Illuminum Greenhouses is a budding company humbly rooted in the experience of two students who tried to pay their university fees through their small-holding in Loitokitok at the foot of Mount Kilimanjaro. When a flood wiped out their entire tomato crop, Taita Ng'etich and Brian Bett decided to build a greenhouse to protect their investment.
Rather than purchasing an off-the-shelf greenhouse for £2,370, the two built their own using a mix of wood and metal for £1,000. Realising that other farmers might be interested in the same, they set up Illuminum Greenhouses – and took one more critical step towards helping farmers to protect their crops: they created a smartphone app called Smart Mobile Farmer, which monitors the water levels inside greenhouses. Eight out of 10 farmers in Kenya struggle to manage water use, especially when farm hands have left the drip irrigation system on for too long or forgotten to turn it on at the right time. The app is designed to prevent water loss from happening.
Taita and Brian now intend to rollout the Smart Mobile Farmer concept across Africa.
Mastering an instrument is a daunting task for anyone. But imagine mastering an instrument without being able to use your hands, or any of the body parts and postures traditionally associated with classical musicianship. For years, physically-disabled people have been excluded from the art and joy of playing music. But OpenUp Music is changing this with a suite of adapted instruments that are empowering disabled musicians.
OpenUp Music is the driving force behind the South-West Open Youth Orchestra (SWOYO), the UK's first disabled-led regional youth orchestra. Bradley Warwick is a 21-year-old member of the orchestra with cerebral palsy. Bradley spent five years in the musical 'wilderness', for want of a suitable progression route to match his talent and meet his needs.
Then came the turning point. On the 5th June 2015, Bradley was invited to perform with OpenUp Music and members of the British Paraorchestra using a prototype of OpenUp Music's new Clarion music software. Using technology that follows his eyes' gaze, Bradley was able to play music with greater precision, control and expression than ever before. He is now a core member of the SWOYO, performing beautiful music together with other disabled musicians that use digitally adapted instruments as well as more traditional instruments (like blind pianist Ashleigh Turley).
Meet the team of immigrants behind Nova Credit: Misha Esipov, Nicky Goulimis and Loek Janssen. A team that knows exactly what it's like start over financially when you come to a new country.
Every year, 15 million immigrants arrive on American shores and have no means of accessing credit. Yet they will need a credit score to let a flat, get a credit card or even hire a car. Misha watched his parents struggle to get credit when his family moved from Russia in the 1990s. Nicky and Loek found that even professional success abroad did not translate into credit when they came to the US for grad school.
They founded Nova Credit to change this. The team has developed the world's first cross-border consumer credit reporting agency. The company's technology collects credit information and credit proxies (like mobile phone billing receipts and records) into a single report. It then passes the report onto the lender so they can make an informed determination on whether to accept or reject a credit application.
Nova Credit is starting in India and Mexico, which account for roughly 21 million immigrants to the US every year – and could soon deliver borderless credit to immigrants to the UK, European Union, Brazil, Russia and China.
Neither Taita, Brian, Bradley, Misha, Nicky nor Loek set out to be Everyday Tech Heroes. They had all come up against something holding them – and others like them – back and they creatively used technology to overcome it. But in doing so, they have smoothed over social and financial barriers for so many people who will use their services. And this year's NT100 is full of examples of people who have used the tech at their disposable to change their own lives and others – nearly a third of the NT100 ventures features an Everyday Tech Hero (and we'll be profiling many of them in the months to come!). We hope that by featuring these Everyday Tech Heroes, we inspire others to say, "I can do this too!" – and to look at their tech as a tool for helping to tackle the everyday problems they encounter.


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Home page About us Management Alexander Selischev
Alexander Selischev
Business Development Director
In 2002, he graduated from Donetsk National University majoring in International Economy (with honours). Mr Selischev received diplomas under the Power of Knowledge programme, jointly run by the Kyiv Mohyla Business School (Ukraine) and DTEK Academy, and the Energy of Leader programme, jointly run by the London Business School (United Kingdom) and DTEK Academy.
He is a member of the Association of Certified Chartered Accountants (ACCA).
Alexander Selischev started his career in 2001 as an economist at SCM, where he participated in projects aiming to develop mining and energy companies.
Since 2005, he has been working for DTEK as manager and department head at the Business Strategy and Development Division. In August 2014, he was appointed the Head of the Business Strategy and Development Division at DTEK.