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Madonna's 'W.E.' joins Weinsteins' scattered 2011 slate
Posted by Guy Lodge · 11:56 am · June 13th, 2011
Having done all right with the last film to cover the romantic tribulations of King Edward VIII — it was called "The King's Speech," it won a few Oscars, you might have heard of it — The Weinstein Company clearly feels there's an appetite among audiences for more on that chapter of British royal history, with Edward's story center stage this time.
So it is that that Harvey and his minions have bought the US distribution rights to Madonna's sophomore directing effort, "W.E." — a decades-spanning portrait of the affair between the one-time future King of England and Wallis Simpson, the American divorcée for whom he abdicated the throne, fused with a fictional modern-day story of a young New Yorker inspired by their romance.
Starring Andrea Riseborough and James D'Arcy as the historical couple, and Abbie Cornish as the woman obsessed with their romance, it all all sounds suspiciously like "Julie & Julia" with crowns replacing the chef's hats — which, combined with the novelty factor of the film's celebrity writer-director, leads me to think the Weinsteins may view this more as a light commercial play rather than the hefty awards bait of their last monarchy biopic.
That said, the Weinsteins' production president Donna Gigliotti, herself an Oscar-winner for "Shakespeare in Love," claims to believe that advance footage for the film is "some of the most impressive [she's] ever seen." No release date has been announced yet, beyond the fact that it will hit screens this year.
Not big news, then, though it does raise the interesting question of where the Weinsteins are going to place most of their awards chips this year. At this early stage, their prestige acquisitions slate is looking a little sketchy — "W.E." joins two other British-flavored biopics, "The Iron Lady" and "My Week With Marilyn," both of which look likelier to contend for performance honors only. (For the latter, incidentally, I'm hearing more below-ground chatter about Kenneth Branagh's Laurence Olivier than Michelle Williams's Monroe.) Bulking out the Weinsteins' Brit pack is Richard Ayoade's minor coming-of-age comedy "Submarine" and Ralph Fiennes's "Coriolanus," which I maintain has a formidable Supporting Actress contender in Vanessa Redgrave — but little else.
Until the autumn festival circuit changes the picture — and who knows what hot title the company might attach itself to at Venice or Toronto — their strongest awards shot seems, from where I'm standing, to be their wildest card: Michel Hazanavicius's critically beloved Cannes hit "The Artist." Some might say that a (mostly) silent, black-and-white pastiche from a little-known French director is a dark horse at best for major awards recognition, but the film is more accessible than it sounds: a proven audience charmer, powered by a luminous star turn from Jean Dujardin, that should gain a lot of new fans in Toronto. (Despite reports to the contrary, it's also English-language.)
Before hitting the Oscar jackpot in the late 1990s, the Weinsteins appeared to view each awards season as a kind of challenge to get the unlikeliest-sounding films into the Best Picture frame: be it a gender-bending IRA thriller, metaphor-heavy Antipodean erotic drama, ultra-violent B-movie tribute or a miniscule Italian drama about poetry. "The Artist" is the kind of artsy curio they might have pushed heavily back in that period. If their 2011 slate remains free of surefire bait, it'd be interesting to see them return to that kind of resourcefulness — unless, that is, bringing the phrase "Academy Award-nominated filmmaker Madonna" into existence doesn't sound like a more appealing test.
[Photo: OK!]
→ 19 Comments Tags: Abbie Cornish, Andrea Riseborough, Coriolanus, Madonna, My Week With Marilyn, The Artist, The Iron Lady, The King' Speech, The Weinstein Company, W.E. | Filed in: Daily
19 responses so far
1 6-13-2011 at 12:28 pm
Chad Hartigan said...
Madonna's directorial debut was "Filth and Wisdom," no?
Well caught, Chad.
Bia said...
Roger Friedman wrote a piece about this and basically cosigns that he has heard nothing but good. This should be interesting…
MattyD. said...
I saw 'My Week with Marilyn' at a test screening and HATED Branagh's Laurence Olivier. It's a very two-dimensional performance that's played entirely for laughs and isn't a scene-stealer at all.
That film is all about Williams' Monroe. Without that performance it's nothing. Although tonally I worry about its Oscar chances. They need to push Williams for Supporting, honestly, because she'd get in for sure.
SC said...
Isn't "W.E" supposed to be a total hatchet-job on George V and the Yorks (particularly on Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon)?
Maxim said...
It'd be interesting it it's good (and as far as I'm concerned it well can be). Would be fun to see Madonna in an Oscar race.
med said...
I think that The Iron Lady and The Artist are the best bets for Oscar nominations (picture, screenplay, acting) etc.
My recollection is that Harvey thinks My Week with Marilyn is good but not GREAT. All I've heard is that Branagh steals the movie and is the only reason to see it.
Frank Lee said...
med: You imagine "The Iron Lady" is a best bet for a best picture nomination? Did you not see "Mama Mia"?
10 6-13-2011 at 5:33 pm
Check out all the prognosticators and you'll see that The Iron Lady is now a major player and in the top ten of BP's. That's what a killer distributor like Weinstein can do for you. Pete Hammond saw 5 minutes of footage and said that Weinstein has a slam dunk nomination for Streep and if the movie is half as good as the promo-reel it will be a major contender come fall. (Yes, I know Lloyd directed it but can't she possibly be given a second chance?)
As Frank Lee mentioned, have all these people predicting big things for "The Iron Lady" assumed that Phylida Lloyd has somehow become competent? Can't say I hold out much hope for that movie being any more than a TV movie biopic. And, yes, there was already a TV movie biopic about Thatcher recently, so… yay? :/
I'm nervous about "W.E." because I so want Madonna to have a success, if only just a critical one.
Nevertheless, if the film is merely "quite nice" then I suspect the real reason the Weinstein's purchased this was so they could bundle it with "The King's Speech" and some other movie about royalty and sell "The Royal DVD Boxset!" for $50 to people who otherwise mightn't have purchased them separately.
I wonder why Harvey Weinstein paid 7 million dollars for what amounts to a TV movie biopic in The Iron Lady. I thought he was a better businessman than that. Guess not…
JFK said...
MattyD: I disagree, I thought Branagh was phenomenal in the screening.
Also, saw a screening of W.E. tonight…While I was pleasantly surprised at how Madonna handled the back and forth time shifts and with some of the stylistic camera work, parts of the film didn't work for me. One thing is indisputable though, Andrea Riseborough's performance, fantastic.
14 6-14-2011 at 2:14 am
Check out all the prognosticators and you'll see that The Iron Lady is now a major player and in the top ten of BP's.
At this stage, "the prognosticators" all thought Nine was a major player too. The prognosticators, and I speak as one myself, know nothing.
15 6-14-2011 at 11:12 am
Xavi Rodriguez said...
I said before in Awards Daily… Lloyd only directed one movie, just one! It's not like Tyler Perry's last year, when we known his talent every year with his films. After watching the original play… Is anyone expected something better for the film with that material? I don't think, even with Aronofski directed, could make a better film with that screenplay. And even for that, the reviews for that film wasn't exactly awful (58% in RT and 51% in Metacritic).
Glenn, just missing two points:
-About Lloyd competence, well… she's a Tony nominee for Best Director in a Play for the "Mary Stuart" revival -With Janet McTeer starring the title role- and the play got seven noms. After saw the play, I believe Lloyd, with the right material could be very competent.
-Abi Morgan is a british relevation as a playwriter with relative sucess (Sex Traffic -Starring Anamaria Marinca- and Brick Lane). Also she wrote Shame (The Fassbender-McQueen reunion after "Hunger") and the reviews for the screenplay said it was wonderful and sincere work.
I don't think "The Iron Lady" is a lock for nomination, but dismissing the chances of the film just for Mamma Mia! is crazy.
P. D.: I said Tyler Perry's talent as an irony. But I still believe "The Iron Lady" could be the surprise of the season.
Around Riseborough's Oscar chances? In which category could she compete? Especially in a Julie & Julia situation.
It's a bit of a tough call XR. On one hand, both she and Cornish are simultaneous leads because of the way the film plays out. However, I think the producers would want Cornish to be considered the lead, since she has somewhat of an affinity with the story of Wallace and Edward.
I am so sick of people putting Mamma Mia down. Guess, it WAS very well directed and the scenes and a real sense of energy in them. Based ont that film alone, I can see Phylida Lloyd being very successful.
Yes, I get it, you are not really supposed to like that film. But letting your biases deny what was really a pretty well made film is wrong.
Maxim, I agree with that. 2008 has a lot of worse films (Actually it was an awful year in terms of film quality, especially for Hollywood standars), but I still don't understand the Mamma Mia! level of hate by some people. Again, the play wasn't even a relevation by character development or compelling story… I still believe, even with other director (Even a great like Ang Lee or Martin Scorsese), the result would be the same.
I don't love Mamma Mia!, but it was a well done film made for fun; just fun.


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ASIA/SYRIA - Patriarch Gregory III: "True martyrs in Maalula"
Journalistic investigation: "the 2 Bishops of Aleppo who disappeared in 2013 martyred". But the incident is still shrouded in mystery
Putin and Assad visit the Greek Orthodox cathedral in Damascus
Bishop of Aleppo: communities weakened by the selfishness of individuals. At Christmas may the light of Christ give us unity
Maronite Archbishop of Damascus: the crisis of Lebanese banks also overwhelms Syrians
Erdogan: churches destroyed in Syria will be rebuilt
Armenian priest and his father killed in Deir ez Zor. Archbishop Marayati: "for us they are martyrs. And the war is not over"
Damascus (Agenzia Fides) - "We are determined to remain in this blessed land even at the cost of martyrdom and martyrdom of blood. This has already happened to some of our faithful, such as the three men from Maalula, Michael Taalab, Antonios Taalab and Sarkis Zakhem. They are true martyrs killed for refusing to renounce their faith": This is what is said in a statement sent to Fides Agency by Gregory III Laham, the Melkite Patriarch of Antioch and all the East, with headquarters in Damascus. The Patriarch expressed strong concern regarding the new invasion of the Christian village of Maalula by armed Islamist groups, who terrorized the population and took hostage 12 Orthodox nuns in the monastery of Santa Tecla.
The Patriarch remembers with joy the recent meeting of the Melkite Church with Pope Francis: "Together with the Holy Father, we invoked the flame of hope so that it would not extinguish in our hearts. Helped and sustained by the Pope's prayers, concern and prophetic, bold and evangelical initiatives, we wish to stay in this blessed land, cradle of Christianity". The Patriarch asked the Pope to "help the Syrian Christians to remain in the Middle East" and launches an appeal: "We, Christians and Muslims, can and want to stay together, to witness the Gospel and build a new world and a better society and future for our young people.
Gregory III says that in Syria there are 9 million displaced persons. Over 1.2 million Syrians have fled to Lebanon, among them about 42 thousand Christians. Overall there are 450 thousand Christians (of various denominations) who have emigrated abroad. According to figures provided by the Patriarch, among the Syrian Christians there are about 1,200 deaths, including civilians, soldiers, nuns and priests. At least 60 churches have been damaged. (PA) (Agenzia Fides 03/12/2013)

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What is the actual maximum score?
I took the April 14 test and it was my first time. I thought I got several questions wrong and my score was 930 and percentile 99. But the Wikipedia says recently the max score reported is 920 and a chart provided by the official ETS site also shows that the score starts from 920. Then what is my score? I didnt even get the perfect raw score and got 930? Could anyone tell me the truth about the max scaled score?
Re: What is the actual maximum score?
The max score is actually dependent on specific test. Therefore, people tend to compare percentiles.
cater99 wrote: The max score is actually dependent on specific test. Therefore, people tend to compare percentiles.
So 99 percentile ia the highest?
I got 970 99% but I'm pretty sure I got one question wrong.


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text:
Q: Best way to test if an object is in a set of objects? I'm trying to avoid using a long else if statement.
Lets say I have an object and I want to test if it's of type ClassA, ClassB, ClassC, etc..?
What is a clean way of doing this?

A: Often, when you have to test an object's type, it can be a sign that there's something wrong with your design. Object oriented programming offers us an opportunity to avoid these sorts of constructs via polymorphism.
Wouldn't it be better if A,B and C implemented the bodies of your proposed if statements under a base class interface such that you don't have to test upstream?
For instance:
abstract class A
{
    public virtual void SomeBehavior()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("default behavior");
    }
}

class B:A
{
    public override void SomeBehavior()
    {
         Console.WriteLine("type specific behavior");
    }
}

class C:A
{
    public override void SomeBehavior()
    {
         Console.WriteLine("different behavior");
    }
}

class D:A{}

void Main()
{
    IEnumerable<A> myCollection=new A[]{new B(),new C(),new D()};
    foreach(A item in myCollection)
    {
        item.SomeBehavior();
    }
}

A: Something like..
if (new[] { typeof(ClassA), typeof(ClassB), typeof(ClassC) }.Contains(obj.GetType()))

?
And obviously if you have a lot of types and are seeing bad performance, then throw it into a dictionary and use ContainsKey.

A: have a list of types you want to test against then ask the list if it "Contains" the type of object you have?
Also, not sure why you are doing that.
But perhaps something like IsAssignableFrom ( http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.type.isassignablefrom.aspx ) is what you are looking for?

A: myobject.GetType() will yield the objects type to test for equality against other types.

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This is my very first serious project that i'm doing under MIOS platform. I'm 2 months behind schedule with this project because of healt problems. But, i've took time to re-think the project and now i'm please with the 3D model result. I always do everything in 3D and when i'm ready i'll built it for real. The 3D model include all steps: mechanical, electronics and style. The software is almost 80% done and works perfectly for the controller. The rendering you see, is the last step of the whole process, it is about 1% of the work but the most spectacular for sure.
18mm, I guess it's all surface mount parts then ? would love to see it done.
Looks sweet! How are you making the case?
I'll try this for now: 4 parts, front plate is steel 1.5mm or 1.9mm, hi precision Laser cutting, finish is hi gloss powder paint. Side are 5 mm CNC machined. Bottom plate is 1.9 mm.
Later i'll try aluminum for the front plate and side. ~2mm front plate. Anodized natural finish. I'll need to have a stronger bottom base plate for structure. 18mm total thin will become more like 20mm.
I mean... like who's gonna do it? (the cutting/bending/paiting) how are you hiding the screws?
oh man, that looks sweet.
can you provide a hi-res topo view?
also what program did you use to design the panel?
I have access to precision laser cutting tools made by Trumpf. Cost 30$ to do all steel parts. Laser rocks!
I'll bend it myself on an Amada press brake.
Powder painting or Aluminum anodized finish will be made by a shop that only do this kind of job.
I'll post more construction details asap.
Yes but the shipping cost will triple your cost and even more. Try to find a machine shop near your location that has the tools.
I'm adding another DIY project to this one. A Midibox Seq and + matrix extension!
Send me an autocad .dxf unbended. Contour, holes and cutouts. We will see.
my panel is going to cost around $250.
maybe we can work out a deal!
Only for the front panel ??
What thickness ? Steel ?
No MSN, sorry. I can invite you to Gmail.
i designed it using front panel designer via front panel express.
i live in eastern canada.
Wow, where ? i live near Montréal on the South shore (St-Hyacinthe).
Aluminum cost more for sure. I need your DXF.
i live in halifax, however i wish i lived in montreal.
i really don't care if its aluminum or steel, as long as its sturdy and is cut properly and i can get in black thats all i care.


Here we are good old Labour. I thought after 13 years of Labour rule they were getting rid of the red tape but there we are. All the penalties are increasing across the board from Companies House to HMRC. Sooner or later there will be no need for enquiries because the penalties will take care of whatever monies are outstanding.


Two recent studies have revealed the complex interactions between pheromones, sexual orientation and attraction – suggesting that our sense of smell may be an important part of the turn-on.
Psychologists Charles Wysocki and Yolanda Martins have been studying the effect of human pheromones in an experiment where they asked participants to judge odour from a cloth wiped across the body.
In particular, participants were asked to guess sexual orientation from the person's scent.
Wysocki found that gay men preferred odours from gay men and heterosexual women, whereas odours from gay men were found least attractive by women and straight men.
A possible biological basis for this effect has been suggested by a brain scanning study completed by a research team led by Ivanka Savic Berglund.
Berglund found that male pheromones caused similar brain activity in gay men as it did in straight women, although the effect was not found in straight men.
A similar brain activity pattern was found for straight men however, but only when they were exposed to an oestrogen based chemical.
Even the fine-grained preferences of individuals might be important. Research by Claus Wedekind has suggested that such preferences are optimised to match-up people with complementary genes for immunity.
Link to article on Berglund's brain scanning study from New Scientist.
Link to article on smell and sexual attraction from Psychology Today.
pheromone review to help me decide which pheromone to use.
review to help me decide which pheromone to use.


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text:
FAQ on Family Mediation and Dispute Resolution
Mediation is a form of alternative dispute resolution, a way of resolving disputes between two or more parties with concrete effects. Typically, a third party, the mediator, assists the parties to negotiate a settlement. Mediation has a structure, timetable and dynamics that "ordinary" negotiation lacks. The mediator acts as a neutral third party and facilitates rather than directs the process.
How does mediation work?
Mediators use various techniques to open, or improve, dialogue between disputants, aiming to help the parties reach an agreement. Much depends on the mediator's skill and training. Mediators are trained in working with difficult situations. The mediator acts as a neutral facilitator and guides the parties through the process. The mediator helps the parties think "outside of the box" for possible solutions to the dispute, broadening the range of possible solutions.
How much does mediation cost?
While a mediator may charge a fee comparable to that of an attorney, the mediation process generally takes much less time than moving a case through standard legal channels. While a case in the hands of a lawyer or a court may take months or years to resolve, mediation usually achieves a resolution in a matter of hours. Taking less time means expending less money on hourly fees and costs.
Is mediation confidential?
While court hearings are public, mediation remains strictly confidential. No one but the parties to the dispute and the mediator(s) know what happened. Confidentiality in mediation has such importance that in most cases the legal system cannot force a mediator to testify in court as to the content or progress of mediation. Many mediators destroy their notes taken during a mediation once that mediation has finished. The only exceptions to such strict confidentiality usually involve child abuse or actual or threatened criminal acts.
How does mediation give me more control?
Mediation increases the control the parties have over the resolution. In a court case, the parties obtain a resolution, but control resides with the judge or jury. Often, a judge or jury cannot legally provide solutions that emerge in mediation. Thus, mediation is more likely to produce a result that is mutually agreeable for the parties.
Are mediated agreements legally enforcable?
Because the result is attained by the parties working together and is mutually agreeable, compliance with the mediated agreement is usually high. This further reduces costs, because the parties do not have to employ an attorney to force compliance with the agreement. The mediated agreement is, however, fully enforceable in a court of law.
Do both parties have to be cooperative?
Parties to a mediation are typically ready to work mutually toward a resolution. In most circumstances the mere fact that parties are willing to mediate means that they are ready to "move" their position. The parties thus are more amenable to understanding the other party's side and work on underlying issues to the dispute. This has the added benefit of often preserving the relationship the parties had before the dispute.
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Bengal Tiger (panthera tigris tigris) is an animal of the mammal type. It lives in dense tropical forest and mangroves. The animal weights about 140kg - 300kg (309lbs - 660lbs) and lives for 18 - 25 years. Human predators are the dangerous creatures for bengal tigers. See the table below for more information.


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Evaluacion de Los Servicios Ecosistemicos de Los Arboles: Inadaptacion, Moldes Mentales y Educacion Familiar Tatiana Céspedes C.
1 Microcosms: Concepts and Uses.- 1 Introduction to Microcosmology.- 2 Metabolism and Homeostasis.- 3 Succession and Self-organization.- 4 Chemical Cycles and Limiting Factors.- 5 Diversity and Information.- 6 Hierarchy, Control, and Oscillation.- 7 Stress, Toxicity, and Adaptation.- 8 History.- 2 Kinds of Microcosms and Mesocosms.- 9 Aquaria.- 10 Stream Microcosms.- 11 Terraria and Soil Microcosms.- 12 Wetland Microcosms.- 13 Ponds and Pools.- 14 Reefs and Benthic Microcosms.- 15 Plankton Columns.- 16 Thermal and Brine Microcosms.- 3 Microcosms for Society.- 17 Food Microcosms and Mesocosms.- 18 Waste Microcosms and Mesocosms.- 19 Human Microcosms and Space.- 20 Microcosm Perspectives.- Appendices.- A. Directions for Classroom Microcosms.- B. Directions for Monitoring Microcosms.- C. Experiments on the Closed Ecological System in the Biosphere 2 Test Module.


text:
Alvi Kola (, also Romanized as 'Alvī Kolā and 'Olvī Kalā) is a village in Kalej Rural District, in the Central District of Nowshahr County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,144, in 313 families.

References

Populated places in Nowshahr County

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Private estate "U uncle" is located on the road to the waterfall Shipot, 3 km from the center of the village and the highway Nizhnie Vorota-Mezhgorye. Guest house "Uncle" is a one- and two-story cottage. In a two-story cottage, four rooms are rented on the second floor and two on the first floor. Each floor has a bathroom with a shower. In the bathroom of the first floor toilet and shower are separated. On the ground floor there is also a kitchen for quick cooking. The kitchen has a microwave, a coffee maker, a fridge and a freezer, a kettle, a sink, a set of dishes and the necessary furniture. Three-room rooms are rented in a single-storey wooden house. The house has a bathroom and a kitchen, which is equipped similarly to the kitchen of a two-story house. On the territory of the estate there is a possibility of Wi-Fi connection to the Internet. Rooms are cleaned, towels are changed on request, and bed linen is changed every 5 days. In the courtyard there is a free parking lot, a garden, a gazebo, a brazier. For an additional fee, you can rent ski equipment, various excursions, hiking. The distance to the nearest ski lift on Mount Magura is 1 km.
Description of the room: In the room there is a sofa bed and a single bed or 3 single beds, in one room there is a wardrobe.
Description of the room: The room has a double bed and 2 single beds.
Description of the room: In one of the bedrooms there are 3 single beds, TV, clothes hanger, in the other - a single bed and a sofa bed, TV, in the third - 3 single beds, a bathroom.
The cottages have a kitchen for self cooking. It is possible to order a two-time meal for a fee.
Private estate "U uncle" is located on the road to the waterfall Shipot, 3 km from the center of the village and the highway Nizhnie Vorota-Mezhgorye. The distance to the nearest ski lift on Mount Magura is 1 km.
Any train Uzhgorod direction to the station Volovets, and then - by bus, which goes only on working days to Pilipts or by taxi. By car along the road Kiev-Lviv-Chop (M-06), in the village of Nizhnie Vorota turn to Volovets, go in the direction of Mezhgorye. In the village of Pilipets, turn right at the sign "Under the waterfall" and drive about 3 km. The farmstead is located on the left side of the road.


Tagged under Full Moon wo Sagashite, Waifu, Curls, Long Hair.
A 12-year-old girl who dreams about becoming a singer in order to reunite with her first love, Eichi Sakurai. Unfortunately, she is diagnosed with throat cancer and is told the surgery to cure it may leave her unable to sing. Mitsuki is then visited by two shinigami, Meroko and Takuto, who tell her she has only one year to live. She makes a deal with the shinigami and uses their powers to turn into the 16-year-old popstar Full Moon in exchange for readily going with them when her time comes.


text:
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) T. Savolainen
Request for Comments: 7050 Nokia
Category: Standards Track J. Korhonen
ISSN: 2070-1721 Broadcom
D. Wing
Discovery of the IPv6 Prefix Used for IPv6 Address Synthesis
This document describes a method for detecting the presence of DNS64
and for learning the IPv6 prefix used for protocol translation on an
access network. The method depends on the existence of a well-known
IPv4-only fully qualified domain name "ipv4only.arpa.". The
information learned enables nodes to perform local IPv6 address
synthesis and to potentially avoid NAT64 on dual-stack and multi-
interface deployments.
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7050.
Savolainen, et al. Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 7050 Pref64::/n Discovery November 2013
Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
1. Introduction ....................................................3
2. Requirements Notation and Terminology ...........................4
2.1. Requirements Notation ......................................4
2.2. Terminology ................................................4
3. Node Behavior ...................................................4
3.1. Validation of Discovered Pref64::/n ........................6
3.1.1. DNSSEC Requirements for the Network .................7
3.1.2. DNSSEC Requirements for the Node ....................7
3.2. Connectivity Check .........................................8
3.2.1. No Connectivity Checks against "ipv4only.arpa." .....9
3.3. Alternative Fully Qualified Domain Names ..................10
3.4. Message Flow Illustration .................................10
4. Operational Considerations for Hosting the IPv4-Only
Well-Known Name ................................................12
5. Operational Considerations for DNS64 Operator ..................12
5.1. Mapping of IPv4 Address Ranges to IPv6 Prefixes ...........13
6. Exit Strategy ..................................................14
7. Security Considerations ........................................14
8. IANA Considerations ............................................15
8.1. Domain Name Reservation Considerations ....................15
8.2. IPv4 Address Allocation Considerations ....................16
8.3. IAB Statement Regarding This .arpa Request ................17
9. Acknowledgements ...............................................18
10. References ....................................................18
10.1. Normative References .....................................18
10.2. Informative References ...................................19
Appendix A. Example of DNS Record Configuration ..................20
Appendix B. About the IPv4 Address for the Well-Known Name .......21
As part of the transition to IPv6, NAT64 [RFC6146] and DNS64
[RFC6147] technologies will be utilized by some access networks to
provide IPv4 connectivity for IPv6-only nodes [RFC6144]. DNS64
utilizes IPv6 address synthesis to create local IPv6 addresses for
peers having only IPv4 addresses, hence allowing DNS-using IPv6-only
nodes to communicate with IPv4-only peers.
However, DNS64 cannot serve applications not using DNS, such as those
receiving IPv4 address literals as referrals. Such applications
could nevertheless be able to work through NAT64, provided they are
able to create locally valid IPv6 addresses that would be translated
to the peers' IPv4 addresses.
Additionally, DNS64 is not able to do IPv6 address synthesis for
nodes running validating DNS resolvers enabled by DNS Security
(DNSSEC), but instead, the synthesis must be done by the nodes
themselves. In order to perform IPv6 synthesis, nodes have to learn
the IPv6 prefix(es) used on the access network for protocol
translation. A prefix, which may be a Network-Specific Prefix (NSP)
or a Well-Known Prefix (WKP) [RFC6052], is referred to in this
document as Pref64::/n [RFC6146].
This document describes a best-effort method for applications and
nodes to learn the information required to perform local IPv6 address
synthesis. The IPv6 address synthesis procedure itself is out of the
scope of this document. An example application is a browser
encountering IPv4 address literals in an IPv6-only access network.
Another example is a node running a validating security-aware DNS
resolver in an IPv6-only access network.
The knowledge of IPv6 address synthesis taking place may also be
useful if DNS64 and NAT64 are used in dual-stack-enabled access
networks or if a node is multi-interfaced [RFC6418]. In such cases,
nodes may choose to prefer IPv4 or an alternative network interface
in order to avoid traversal through protocol translators.
It is important to note that use of this approach will not result in
a system that is as robust, secure, and well-behaved as an all-IPv6
system would be. Hence, it is highly recommended to upgrade nodes'
destinations to IPv6 and utilize the described method only as a
transition solution.
2. Requirements Notation and Terminology
2.1. Requirements Notation
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
2.2. Terminology
NAT64 FQDN: a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) for a NAT64 protocol
translator.
Pref64::/n: an IPv6 prefix used for IPv6 address synthesis [RFC6146].
Pref64::WKA: an IPv6 address consisting of Pref64::/n and WKA at any
of the locations allowed by RFC 6052 [RFC6052].
Secure Channel: a communication channel a node has between itself and
a DNS64 server protecting DNS protocol-related messages from
interception and tampering. The channel can be, for example, an
IPsec-based virtual private network (VPN) tunnel or a link layer
utilizing data encryption technologies.
Well-Known IPv4-only Name (WKN): the fully qualified domain name,
"ipv4only.arpa.", well-known to have only A record(s).
Well-Known IPv4 Address (WKA): an IPv4 address that is well-known and
present in an A record for the well-known name. Two well-known IPv4
addresses are defined for Pref64::/n discovery purposes: 192.0.0.170
and 192.0.0.171.
3. Node Behavior
A node requiring information about the presence (or absence) of
NAT64, and one or more Pref64::/n used for protocol translation SHALL
send a DNS query for AAAA resource records of the Well-Known
IPv4-only Name (WKN) "ipv4only.arpa.". The node MAY perform the DNS
query in both IPv6-only and dual-stack access networks.
When sending a DNS AAAA resource record query for the WKN, a node
MUST set the "Checking Disabled (CD)" bit to zero [RFC4035], as
otherwise the DNS64 server will not perform IPv6 address synthesis
(Section 3 of [RFC6147]) and hence would not reveal the Pref64::/n
used for protocol translation.
A DNS reply with one or more AAAA resource records indicates that the
access network is utilizing IPv6 address synthesis. In some
scenarios, captive portals, or NXDOMAIN and NODATA hijacking,
performed by the access network may result in a false positive. One
method to detect such hijacking is to query a fully qualified domain
name that is known to be invalid (and normally returns an empty
response or an error response) and see if it returns a valid resource
record. However, as long as the hijacked domain does not result in
AAAA resource record responses that contain a well-known IPv4 address
in any location defined by [RFC6052], the response will not disturb
the Pref64::/n learning procedure.
A node MUST look through all of the received AAAA resource records to
collect one or more Pref64::/n. The Pref64::/n list might include
the Well-Known Prefix 64:ff9b::/96 [RFC6052] or one or more Network-
Specific Prefixes. In the case of NSPs, the node SHALL determine the
used address format by searching the received IPv6 addresses for the
WKN's well-known IPv4 addresses. The node SHALL assume the well-
known IPv4 addresses might be found at the locations specified by
[RFC6052], Section 2.2. The node MUST check on octet boundaries to
ensure a 32-bit well-known IPv4 address value is present only once in
an IPv6 address. In case another instance of the value is found
inside the IPv6 address, the node SHALL repeat the search with the
other well-known IPv4 address.
If only one Pref64::/n was present in the DNS response, a node SHALL
use that Pref64::/n for both local synthesis and for detecting
synthesis done by the DNS64 server on the network.
If more than one Pref64::/n was present in the DNS response, a node
SHOULD use all of them when determining whether other received IPv6
addresses are synthetic. The node MUST use all learned Pref64::/n
when performing local IPv6 address synthesis and use the prefixes in
the order received from the DNS64 server. That is, when the node is
providing a list of locally synthesized IPv6 addresses to upper
layers, IPv6 addresses MUST be synthesized by using all discovered
Pref64::/n prefixes in the received order.
If the well-known IPv4 addresses are not found within the standard
locations, the DNS response indicates that the network is not using a
standard address format or unexpected IPv4 addresses were used in the
AAAA resource record synthesis. In either case, the Pref64::/n
cannot be determined and the heuristic procedure has failed.
Developers can, over time, learn of IPv6-translated address formats
that are extensions or alternatives to the standard formats. At that
point, developers MAY add additional steps to the described discovery
procedure. The additional steps are outside the scope of the present
In case a node does not receive a positive DNS reply to the AAAA
resource record query, the node MAY perform a DNS A resource record
query for the well-known name. Receiving a positive reply to the DNS
A resource record query indicates that the recursive DNS server that
is used is not a DNS64 server.
In the case of a negative response (NXDOMAIN, NODATA) or a DNS query
timeout, a DNS64 server is not available on the access network, the
access network filtered out the well-known query, or something went
wrong in the DNS resolution. All unsuccessful cases result in a node
being unable to perform local IPv6 address synthesis. In the case of
timeout, the node SHOULD retransmit the DNS query like any other DNS
query the node makes [RFC1035]. In the case of a negative response
(NXDOMAIN, NODATA), the node MUST obey the Time to Live (TTL)
[RFC1035] of the response before resending the AAAA resource record
query. The node MAY monitor for DNS replies with IPv6 addresses
constructed from the WKP, in which case if any are observed, the node
SHOULD use the WKP as if it were learned during the query for the
well-known name.
To save Internet resources if possible, a node should perform
Pref64::/n discovery only when needed (e.g., when local synthesis is
required, when a new network interface is connected to a new network,
and so forth). The node SHALL cache the replies it receives during
the Pref64::/n discovery procedure, and it SHOULD repeat the
discovery process ten seconds before the TTL of the Well-Known Name's
synthetic AAAA resource record expires.
3.1. Validation of Discovered Pref64::/n
If a node is using an insecure channel between itself and a DNS64
server or the DNS64 server is untrusted, it is possible for an
attacker to influence the node's Pref64::/n discovery procedures.
This may result in denial-of-service, redirection, man-in-the-middle,
or other attacks.
To mitigate against attacks, the node SHOULD communicate with a
trusted DNS64 server over a secure channel or use DNSSEC. NAT64
operators SHOULD provide facilities for validating discovery of
Pref64::/n via a secure channel and/or DNSSEC protection.
It is important to understand that DNSSEC only validates that the
discovered Pref64::/n is the one that belongs to a domain used by
NAT64 FQDN. Importantly, the DNSSEC validation does not tell if the
node is at the network where the Pref64::/n is intended to be used.
Furthermore, DNSSEC validation cannot be utilized in the case of a
WKP.
3.1.1. DNSSEC Requirements for the Network
If the operator has chosen to support nodes performing validation of
discovered Pref64::/n with DNSSEC, the operator of the NAT64 device
MUST perform the following configurations.
1. Have one or more fully qualified domain names for the NAT64
translator entities (later referred to as NAT64 FQDN). In the
case of more than one Pref64::/n being used in a network, e.g.,
for load-balancing purposes, it is for network administrators to
decide whether a single NAT64's fully qualified domain name maps
to more than one Pref64::/n, or whether there will be a dedicated
NAT64 FQDN per Pref64::/n.
2. Each NAT64 FQDN MUST have one or more DNS AAAA resource records
containing Pref64::WKA (Pref64::/n combined with WKA).
3. Each Pref64::WKA MUST have a PTR resource record that points to
the corresponding NAT64 FQDN.
4. Sign the NAT64 FQDNs' AAAA and A resource records with DNSSEC.
3.1.2. DNSSEC Requirements for the Node
A node SHOULD prefer a secure channel to talk to a DNS64 server
whenever possible. In addition, a node that implements a DNSSEC
validating resolver MAY use the following procedure to validate
discovery of the Pref64::/n.
1. Heuristically find Pref64::/n candidates by making a AAAA
resource record query for "ipv4only.arpa." by following the
procedure in Section 3. This will result in IPv6 addresses
consisting of Pref64::/n combined with WKA, i.e., Pref64::WKA.
For each Pref64::/n that the node wishes to validate, the node
performs the following steps.
2. Send a DNS PTR resource record query for the IPv6 address of the
translator (for ".ip6.arpa." tree), using the Pref64::WKA learned
in step 1. CNAME and DNAME results should be followed according
to the rules in RFC 1034 [RFC1034], RFC 1035 [RFC1035], and RFC
6672 [RFC6672]. The ultimate response will include one or more
NAT64 FQDNs.
3. The node SHOULD compare the domains of learned NAT64 FQDNs to a
list of the node's trusted domains and choose a NAT64 FQDN that
matches. The means for a node to learn the trusted domains is
implementation specific. If the node has no trust for the
domain, the discovery procedure is not secure, and the remaining
steps described below MUST NOT be performed.
4. Send a DNS AAAA resource record query for the NAT64 FQDN.
5. Verify the DNS AAAA resource record contains Pref64::WKA
addresses received at step 1. It is possible that the NAT64 FQDN
has multiple AAAA records, in which case the node MUST check if
any of the addresses match the ones obtained in step 1. The node
MUST ignore other responses and not use them for local IPv6
address synthesis.
6. Perform DNSSEC validation of the DNS AAAA response.
After the node has successfully performed the above five steps, the
node can consider Pref64::/n validated.
3.2. Connectivity Check
After learning a Pref64::/n, the node SHOULD perform a connectivity
check to ensure the learned Pref64::/n is functional. It could be
non-functional for a variety of reasons -- the discovery failed to
work as expected, the IPv6 path to the NAT64 is down, the NAT64 is
down, or the IPv4 path beyond the NAT64 is down.
There are two main approaches to determine if the learned Pref64::/n
is functional. The first approach is to perform a dedicated
connectivity check. The second approach is to simply attempt to use
the learned Pref64::/n. Each approach has some trade-offs (e.g.,
additional network traffic or possible user-noticeable delay), and
implementations should carefully weigh which approach is appropriate
for their application and the network.
The node SHOULD use an implementation-specific connectivity check
server and a protocol of the implementation's choice, but if that is
not possible, a node MAY do a PTR resource record query of the
Pref64::WKA to get a NAT64 FQDN. The node then does an A resource
query of the NAT64 FQDN, which will return zero or more A resource
records pointing to connectivity check servers used by the network
operator. A negative response to the PTR or A resource query means
there are no connectivity check servers available. A network
operator that provides NAT64 services for a mix of nodes with and
without implementation-specific connectivity check servers SHOULD
assist nodes in their connectivity checks by mapping each NAT64 FQDN
to one or more DNS A resource records with IPv4 address(es) pointing
to connectivity check server(s). The connectivity check approach
based on Pref64::/n works only with NSPs, as it is not possible to
register A records for each different domain using a WKP. The
network operator MUST disable ICMPv6 rate limiting for connectivity
check messages.
If multiple connectivity check servers are available for use, the
node chooses the first one, preferring implementation-specific
servers.
The connectivity check protocol used with implementation-specific
connectivity check servers is implementation specific.
The connectivity check protocol used with connectivity check servers
pointed to by the NAT64 FQDN's A resource records is ICMPv6
[RFC4443]. The node performing a connectivity check against these
servers SHALL send an ICMPv6 Echo Request to an IPv6 address
synthesized by combining discovered Pref64::/n with an IPv4 address
of the server as specified in [RFC6052]. This will test the IPv6
path to the NAT64, the NAT64's operation, and the IPv4 path all the
way to the connectivity check server. If no response is received for
the ICMPv6 Echo Request, the node SHALL send another ICMPv6 Echo
Request a second later. If still no response is received, the node
SHALL send a third ICMPv6 Echo Request two seconds later. If an
ICMPv6 Echo Response is received, the node knows the IPv6 path to the
connectivity check server is functioning normally. If no response is
received after three transmissions and after three seconds have
elapsed since the last ICMPv6 Echo Request, the node learns this
Pref64::/n might not be functioning, and the node MAY choose a
different Pref64::/n (if available), choose to alert the user, or
proceed anyway assuming the failure is temporary or is caused by the
connectivity check itself. After all, ICMPv6 is unreliable by
design, and failure to receive ICMPv6 responses may not indicate
anything other than network failure to transport ICMPv6 messages.
If no separate connectivity check is performed before local IPv6
address synthesis, a node MAY monitor success of connection attempts
performed with locally synthesized IPv6 addresses. Based on success
of these connections, and based on possible ICMPv6 error messages
received (such as Destination Unreachable messages), the node MAY
cease to perform local address synthesis and MAY restart the
Pref64::/n discovery procedures.
3.2.1. No Connectivity Checks against "ipv4only.arpa."
Clients MUST NOT send a connectivity check to an address returned by
the "ipv4only.arpa." query. This is because, by design, no server
will be operated on the Internet at that address as such. Similarly,
network operators MUST NOT operate a server on that address. The
reason this address isn't used for connectivity checks is that
operators who neglect to operate a connectivity check server will
allow that traffic towards the Internet where it will be dropped and
cause a false negative connectivity check with the client (that is,
the NAT64 is working fine, but the connectivity check fails because a
server is not operating at "ipv4only.arpa." on the Internet and a
server is not operated by the NAT64 operator). Instead, for the
connectivity check, an additional DNS resource record is looked up
and used for the connectivity check. This ensures that packets don't
unnecessarily leak to the Internet and reduces the chance of a false
negative connectivity check.
3.3. Alternative Fully Qualified Domain Names
Some applications, operating systems, devices, or networks may find
it advantageous to operate their own DNS infrastructure to perform a
function similar to "ipv4only.arpa." but use a different resource
record. The primary advantage is to ensure availability of the DNS
infrastructure and ensure the proper configuration of the DNS record
itself. For example, a company named Example might have their
application query "ipv4only.example.com". Other than the different
DNS resource record being queried, the rest of the operations are
anticipated to be identical to the steps described in this document.
3.4. Message Flow Illustration
The figure below gives an example illustration of a message flow in
the case of prefix discovery utilizing Pref64::/n validation. The
figure also shows a step where the procedure ends if no Pref64::/n
validation is performed.
In this example, three Pref64::/n prefixes are provided by the DNS64
server. The first Pref64::/n is using an NSP, in this example,
"2001:db8:42::/96". The second Pref64::/n is using an NSP, in this
example, "2001:db8:43::/96". The third Pref64::/n is using the WKP.
Hence, when the Pref64::/n prefixes are combined with the WKA to form
Pref64::WKA, the synthetic IPv6 addresses returned by the DNS64
server are "2001:db8:42::192.0.0.170", "2001:db8:43::192.0.0.170",
and "64:ff9b::192.0.0.170". The DNS64 server could also return
synthetic addresses containing the IPv4 address 192.0.0.171.
The validation is not done for the WKP; see Section 3.1.
Savolainen, et al. Standards Track [Page 10]
Node DNS64 server
| "AAAA" query for "ipv4only.arpa." |
|----------------------------------------------->|"A" query for
| |"ipv4only.arpa."
| |--------------->
| | "A" response:
| | "192.0.0.170"
| |<---------------
| +----------------------------+
| | "AAAA" synthesis using |
| | three Pref64::/n. |
| "AAAA" response with: |
| "2001:db8:42::192.0.0.170" |
| "64:ff9b::192.0.0.170" |
|<-----------------------------------------------|
+----------------------------------------------+ |
| If Pref64::/n validation is not performed, a | |
| node can fetch prefixes from AAAA responses | |
| at this point and skip the steps below. | |
| "PTR" query #1 for "2001:db8:42::192.0.0.170 |
|----------------------------------------------->|
| "PTR" response #1 "nat64_1.example.com" |
| Compare received domains to a trusted domain | |
| list and if matches are found, continue. | |
| "AAAA" query #1 for "nat64_1.example.com" |
| "AAAA" resp. #1 with "2001:db8:42::192.0.0.170 |
| Validate AAAA responses and compare the IPv6 | |
| addresses to those previously learned. | |
| Fetch the Pref64::/n from the validated | |
| responses and take into use. | |
Figure 1: Pref64::/n Discovery Procedure
4. Operational Considerations for Hosting the IPv4-Only Well-Known Name
The authoritative name server for the well-known name SHALL have DNS
record TTL set to at least 60 minutes in order to improve
effectiveness of DNS caching. The exact TTL value will be determined
and tuned based on operational experiences.
The domain serving the well-known name MUST be signed with DNSSEC.
See also Section 7.
5. Operational Considerations for DNS64 Operator
A network operator of a DNS64 server can guide nodes utilizing
heuristic discovery procedures by managing the responses a DNS64
server provides.
If the network operator would like nodes to utilize multiple
Pref64::/n prefixes, the operator needs to configure DNS64 servers to
respond with multiple synthetic AAAA records. As per Section 3, the
nodes can then use them all.
There are no guarantees on which of the Pref64::/n prefixes nodes
will end up using. If the operator wants nodes to specifically use a
certain Pref64::/n or periodically change the Pref64::/n they use,
for example, for load balancing reasons, the only guaranteed method
is to make DNS64 servers return only a single synthetic AAAA resource
record and have the TTL of that synthetic record such that the node
repeats the Pref64::/n discovery when required.
Besides choosing how many Pref64::/n prefixes to respond and what TTL
to use, DNS64 servers MUST NOT interfere with or perform other
special procedures for the queries related to the well-known name.
5.1. Mapping of IPv4 Address Ranges to IPv6 Prefixes
RFC 6147 [RFC6147] allows DNS64 implementations to be able to map
specific IPv4 address ranges to separate Pref64::/n prefixes. That
allows handling of special use IPv4 addresses [RFC6890]. The example
setup where this might be used is illustrated in Figure 2. The NAT64
"A" is used when accessing IPv4-only servers in the data center, and
the NAT64 "B" is used for Internet access.
NAT64 "A" ----- IPv4-only servers in a data center
IPv6-only node---<
NAT64 "B" ----- IPv4 Internet
Figure 2: NAT64s with IPv4 Address Ranges
The heuristic discovery method described herein does not support
learning of the possible rules used by a DNS64 server for mapping
specific IPv4 address ranges to separate Pref64::/n prefixes.
Therefore, nodes will use the same discovered Pref64::/n to
synthesize IPv6 addresses from any IPv4 address. This can cause
issues for routing and connectivity establishment procedures. The
operator of the NAT64 and the DNS64 ought to take this into account
in the network design.
The network operators can help IPv6-only nodes by ensuring the nodes
do not have to work with IPv4 address literals for which special
mapping rules are used. That is, the IPv4-only servers addressed
from the special IPv4 address ranges ought to have signed AAAA
records, which allows IPv6-only nodes to avoid local address
synthesis. If the IPv6-only nodes are not using DNSSEC, then it is
enough if the network's DNS64 server returns synthetic AAAA resource
records pointing to IPv4-only servers. Avoiding the need for
IPv6-only nodes to perform address synthesis for IPv4 addresses
belonging to special ranges is the best approach to assist nodes.
If the IPv6-only nodes have no choice other than using IPv4-address
literals belonging to special IPv4 address ranges and the IPv6-only
node will perform local synthesis by using the discovered Pref64::/n,
then the network ought to ensure with routing that the packets are
delivered to the correct NAT64. For example, a router in the path
from an IPv6-only host to NAT64s can forward the IPv6 packets to the
correct NAT64 as illustrated in Figure 3. The routing could be based
on the last 32 bits of the IPv6 address, but the network operator can
also use some other IPv6 address format allowed by RFC 6052 [RFC6052]
if it simplifies routing setup. This setup requires additional logic
on the NAT64 providing connectivity to special IPv4 address ranges:
it needs to be able to translate packets it receives that are using
the Pref64::/n used with Internet connections.
IPv6-only host---router
Figure 3: NAT64s with Assisting Router
6. Exit Strategy
A day will come when this tool is no longer needed. A node SHOULD
implement a configuration knob for disabling the Pref64::/n discovery
feature.
The security considerations follow closely those of RFC 6147
[RFC6147]. The possible attacks are very similar in the case where
an attacker controls a DNS64 server and returns tampered IPv6
addresses to a node and in the case where an attacker causes the node
to use tampered Pref64::/n for local address synthesis. DNSSEC
cannot be used to validate responses created by a DNS64 server with
which the node has no trust relationship. Hence, this document does
not change the big picture for untrusted network scenarios. If an
attacker alters the Pref64::/n used by a DNS64 server or a node, the
traffic generated by the node will be delivered to an altered
destination. This can result in either a denial-of-service (DoS)
attack (if the resulting IPv6 addresses are not assigned to any
device), a flooding attack (if the resulting IPv6 addresses are
assigned to devices that do not wish to receive the traffic), or an
eavesdropping attack (in case the altered NSP is routed through the
attacker).
Even though a well-known name's DNS A resource record would not
necessarily need to be protected with DNSSEC as both the name and
IPv4 addresses well-known, DNSSEC protection is required for DNS AAAA
resource record queries. Without DNSSEC, fake positive AAAA
responses could cause hosts to erroneously detect Pref64::/n, thus
allowing an attacker to inject malicious Pref64::/n for hosts'
synthesis procedures. A signed "ipv4only.arpa." allows validating
DNS64 servers (see [RFC6147] Section 3, Case 5, for example) to
detect malicious AAAA resource records. Therefore, the zone serving
the well-known name has to be protected with DNSSEC.
For Pref64::/n discovery validation, the access network SHOULD sign
the NAT64 translator's fully qualified domain name. A node SHOULD
use the algorithm described in Section 3.1 to validate each
discovered Pref64::/n.
The procedure described in Section 3.1.2 requires a node using DNSSEC
to validate discovery of Pref64::/n to have a list of trusted
domains. If a matching domain is not found at Step 3 in
Section 3.1.2, an implementation might be tempted to ask a user to
temporarily or permanently add a received domain as trusted. History
has shown that average users are unable to properly handle such
queries and tend to answer positively without thinking in an attempt
to move forward quickly. Therefore, unless the DNSSEC-using
implementation has a way to dynamically and reliably add trusted
domains, it is better to fail the Pref64::/n discovery procedure.
Lastly, the best mitigation action against Pref64::/n discovery
attacks is to add IPv6 support for nodes' destinations and hence
reduce the need to perform local IPv6 address synthesis.
8. IANA Considerations
8.1. Domain Name Reservation Considerations
According to procedures described in [RFC3172] and [RFC6761], IANA
has delegated a new second-level domain in the .ARPA zone for the
well-known domain name "ipv4only.arpa.". The intention is that there
will not be any further delegation of names below the
"ipv4only.arpa." domain. The administrative and operational
management of this zone is performed by IANA. The answers to the
seven questions listed in [RFC6761] are as follows:
1. Are human users expected to recognize these names as special and
use them differently? In what way?
No, although this is a domain delegated under the .arpa
infrastructural identifier top level domain.
2. Are writers of application software expected to make their
software recognize these names as special and treat them
differently? In what way?
Yes. Any application attempting to perform NAT64 discovery will
query the name.
3. Are writers of name resolution APIs and libraries expected to
make their software recognize these names as special and treat
them differently? If so, how?
Yes, to the extent the API or library is affected by NAT64.
4. Are developers of caching domain name servers expected to make
their implementations recognize these names as special and treat
5. Are developers of authoritative domain name servers expected to
make their implementations recognize these names as special and
treat them differently? If so, how?
6. Does this reserved Special-Use Domain Name have any potential
impact on DNS server operators? If they try to configure their
authoritative DNS server as authoritative for this reserved name,
will compliant name server software reject it as invalid? Do DNS
server operators need to know about that and understand why?
Even if the name server software doesn't prevent them from using
this reserved name, are there other ways that it may not work as
expected, of which the DNS server operator should be aware?
This name has effects for operators of NAT64/DNS64, but otherwise
is just another delegated .arpa domain.
7. How should DNS Registries/Registrars treat requests to register
this reserved domain name? Should such requests be denied?
Should such requests be allowed, but only to a specially-
designated entity?
The registry for .arpa is held at IANA, and only IANA needs to
take action here.
8.2. IPv4 Address Allocation Considerations
The well-known name needs to map to two different global IPv4
addresses, which have been allocated as described in [RFC6890]. The
addresses have been taken from the IANA IPv4 Special Purpose Address
Registry [RFC6890], and 192.0.0.170 and 192.0.0.171 have been
assigned to this document with the parameters shown below:
+----------------------+-------------------------------+
| Attribute | Value |
| Address Block | 192.0.0.170/32 |
| | 192.0.0.171/32 |
| Name | NAT64/DNS64 Discovery |
| RFC | RFC 7050, Section 2.2 |
| Allocation Date | February 2013 |
| Termination Date | N/A |
| Source | False |
| Destination | False |
| Forwardable | False |
| Global | False |
| Reserved-by-protocol | True |
The Record for IPv4 Address Allocation for IPv4 Special Purpose
Address Registry
The zone "ipv4only.arpa." is delegated from the ARPA zone to
appropriate name servers chosen by the IANA. An apex A RRSet has
been inserted in the "ipv4only.arpa." zone as follows:
IPV4ONLY.ARPA. IN A 192.0.0.170
8.3. IAB Statement Regarding This .arpa Request
With the publication of this document, the IAB approves of the
delegation of "ipv4only" in the .arpa domain. Under [RFC3172], the
IAB has requested that IANA delegate and provision "ipv4only.arpa."
as written in this specification. However, the IAB does not take any
architectural or technical position about this specification.
The authors would like to thank Dmitry Anipko, Cameron Byrne, Aaron
Yi Ding, Christian Huitema, Washam Fan, Peter Koch, Stephan
Lagerholm, Zhenqiang Li, Simon Perreault, Marc Petit-Huguenin, Andrew
Sullivan, and Dave Thaler for significant improvement ideas and
Jouni Korhonen would like to acknowledge his previous employer, Nokia
Siemens Networks, where the majority of his work on this document was
10.1. Normative References
[RFC1034] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and facilities",
STD 13, RFC 1034, November 1987.
[RFC1035] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and
specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC4035] Arends, R., Austein, R., Larson, M., Massey, D., and S.
Rose, "Protocol Modifications for the DNS Security
Extensions", RFC 4035, March 2005.
[RFC4443] Conta, A., Deering, S., and M. Gupta, "Internet Control
Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet Protocol
Version 6 (IPv6) Specification", RFC 4443, March 2006.
[RFC6052] Bao, C., Huitema, C., Bagnulo, M., Boucadair, M., and X.
Li, "IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators", RFC 6052,
[RFC6146] Bagnulo, M., Matthews, P., and I. van Beijnum, "Stateful
NAT64: Network Address and Protocol Translation from IPv6
Clients to IPv4 Servers", RFC 6146, April 2011.
[RFC6147] Bagnulo, M., Sullivan, A., Matthews, P., and I. van
Beijnum, "DNS64: DNS Extensions for Network Address
Translation from IPv6 Clients to IPv4 Servers", RFC 6147,
[RFC6672] Rose, S. and W. Wijngaards, "DNAME Redirection in the
DNS", RFC 6672, June 2012.
10.2. Informative References
[RFC3172] Huston, G., "Management Guidelines & Operational
Requirements for the Address and Routing Parameter Area
Domain ("arpa")", BCP 52, RFC 3172, September 2001.
[RFC5735] Cotton, M. and L. Vegoda, "Special Use IPv4 Addresses",
RFC 5735, January 2010.
[RFC6144] Baker, F., Li, X., Bao, C., and K. Yin, "Framework for
IPv4/IPv6 Translation", RFC 6144, April 2011.
[RFC6418] Blanchet, M. and P. Seite, "Multiple Interfaces and
Provisioning Domains Problem Statement", RFC 6418,
[RFC6761] Cheshire, S. and M. Krochmal, "Special-Use Domain Names",
RFC 6761, February 2013.
[RFC6890] Cotton, M., Vegoda, L., Bonica, R., and B. Haberman,
"Special-Purpose IP Address Registries", BCP 153, RFC
6890, April 2013.
Appendix A. Example of DNS Record Configuration
The following BIND-style examples illustrate how A and AAAA records
could be configured by a NAT64 operator.
The examples use Pref64::/n of 2001:db8::/96, both WKAs, and the
example.com domain.
The PTR record for reverse queries (Section 3.1.1, Bullet 3):
$ORIGIN A.A.0.0.0.0.0.C\
.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.IP6.ARPA.
@ IN SOA ns1.example.com. hostmaster.example.com. (
2003080800 12h 15m 3w 2h)
IN NS ns.example.com.
IN PTR nat64.example.com.
$ORIGIN B.A.0.0.0.0.0.C\
If example.com does not use DNSSEC, the following configuration file
could be used. Please note that nat64.example.com has both a AAAA
record with the Pref64::/n and an A record for the connectivity check
(Section 3.1.1, Bullet 2).
example.com. IN SOA ns.example.com. hostmaster.example.com. (
2002050501 ; serial
100 ; refresh (1 minute 40 seconds)
200 ; retry (3 minutes 20 seconds)
604800 ; expire (1 week)
100 ; minimum (1 minute 40 seconds)
example.com. IN NS ns.example.com.
nat64.example.com.
IN AAAA 2001:db8:0:0:0:0:C000:00AA
IN AAAA 2001:db8:0:0:0:0:C000:00AB
IN A 192.0.2.1
For DNSSEC to sign the records, the owner of the example.com zone
would have RRSIG records for both the AAAA and A records for
nat64.example.com. As a normal DNSSEC requirement, the zone and its
parent also need to be signed.
Appendix B. About the IPv4 Address for the Well-Known Name
The IPv4 addresses for the well-known name cannot be non-global IPv4
addresses as listed in the Section 3 of [RFC5735]. Otherwise, DNS64
servers might not perform AAAA record synthesis when the well-known
prefix is used, as stated in Section 3.1 of [RFC6052]. However, the
addresses do not have to be routable or allocated to any real node as
no communications will be initiated to these IPv4 address.
Allocation of at least two IPv4 addresses improves the heuristics in
cases where the bit pattern of the primary IPv4 address appears more
than once in the synthetic IPv6 address (i.e., the NSP prefix
contains the same bit pattern as the IPv4 address).
If no well-known IPv4 addresses would be statically allocated for
this method, the heuristic would require sending of an additional A
query to learn the IPv4 addresses that would be then searched from
inside of the received IPv6 address.
Authors' Addresses
Teemu Savolainen
Hermiankatu 12 D
FI-33720 Tampere
EMail: teemu.savolainen@nokia.com
Jouni Korhonen
Linnoitustie 6
FI-02600 Espoo
EMail: jouni.nospam@gmail.com
Dan Wing
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, California 95134
EMail: dwing@cisco.com


Village house for 8/9 people near all shopping facilities in Luber, Provence.
3-storey house of 120 sq.m, 4 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, Internet access.
This 3-storey 120 sq.m house can accommodate up to 9 people in an original and charming environment. It is a part of a very recently renovated old priory (ongoing layout).
The ground floor, with vaulted ceilings, includes a vast 32 sq.m dining room, an equipped kitchen, a laundry and a small 8 sq.m living room that can be used as a single room if needed (mobile dividing wall).
A stone staircase directly carved into the rock (the same rock on which our beautiful village is perched) will take you to the upper floors of the house.
On the first floor you can find a 10 sq.m double bedroom, a bathroom with toilets and a large 30 sq.m living room that can become a bedroom with 3 beds thanks to the mobile separating walls.
On the second floor you can find a bathroom with toilets and a triple bedroom with a relaxation area in a mezzanine.
As the house benefits from the thickness of the ancient walls, and thus keeps a pleasant temperature, it is not air-conditioned (except for the room on the second floor as it is under the roof).
The gite is equipped with a dishwasher, a washing machine, all the equipment for ironing and cleaning, two hairdryers, and a mini hi-fi stereo system.
Equipment for young children (travel cot, high chair, safety car seat, pushchair, etc.) available upon request.
Lauris is a perched village in the South of the Luberon. Because of its special location, overlooking the Durance valley and preceding the typical mounts of the Luberon, its atmosphere and environment are absolutely unique. My husband and I fell in love with this place 10 years ago. One year ago, I had the desire, and the opportunity, to restore this house, which is a part of the village's old priory. I wanted to give it a new life, and to make it an informal and inviting place. If, like me, you are a lover of Provence villages and their typical stone houses. If you care about nature, if you like arts exhibitions and artistic atmospheres, and if you wish to discover the region in a more authentic way, then this house is for you! This year is its first season. I will open its doors from the 7th of June until the 26th of September, 2014. After that, I will keep it lively through my Creation Workshop. And, as I want to make people discover some of the talents in our beautiful region, I will organise themed parties and exhibitions in the house. This house is a rebirth for me and I hope it will be the perfect holiday place for you.
Situated under the Church's stunning wrought-iron campanile, this house doesn't have a pool, nor a garden, but it will welcome you with all the simplicity and warmth of houses of the old times. With its large vaulting, its fireplace in the centre of the living room, its stone staircase directly carved into the rock and its secret nooks, this house is a true haven of peace and inspiration. Located in the heart of the historical area of Lauris, where there is almost no traffic, this house is peaceful yet close to all the shops and the village's hustle and bustle. Its 120 sq. m, its 3 floors and its 9 sleeping arrangements make it the perfect place for family gatherings or for holiday with friends. You can park your car for free either on the place of the church or in the parking spots nearby.
Both bathrooms are equipped with a hair dryer.
4 bathmats, 4 tea towels, 4 hand towels, 1 apron. Duvets and pillows. The bed and bath linen is provided upon request depending on the number of people and of the number of beds that will be used.
Available upon request See the terms with the owner.
There are two living rooms. A little living room on the ground floor and a large one on the first floor, depending on the number of people.
A baby high chair is available upon request.
We stayed at Gaelle's place for 1 week and found it all fantastic. The house, surroundings, the whole area and Gaelle herself. She was very kind and attentive. Just a perfect vacation!
The village of Lauris is very quaint, with picturesque scenes and a lovely view of the valley from the Chateau.
Our host, Gaëlle was very helpful and kind. She gave wonderful recommendations and had a stash of toys for our 2 year old to play during our stay. We felt at home in her simply, very chic decorated place.
My family and I spent two wonderful weeks in this beautiful house in Lauris. The house is within walking distance of stores and near the Lauris Chateau.
The owner is a terrific host. She is very responsive and attends to her clients with great care.
If you are looking for an experience of living in a village in the Luberon, I would highly recommend renting this house.
La maison de Gaëlle LEJARS située au centre de LAURIS est accueillante et bien équipée et décorée avec goût : elle est agréable à vivre même en hiver pour six adultes avec enfants. Elle ne manque de rien. Sa propriétaire est très attentive et attentionnée pour ses hôtes. Si je devais à nouveau séjourner à LAURIS je n'hésiterai pas à reporter mon choix sur cette adresse.
Une propriete au coeur du village, dans laquelle nous y avons passé un agreable sejour. Le logis est à l'image de sa proprietaire , il est elegant.
Eine sehr schöne FeWo in der es an nichts fehlt.
Es ist ein altes Haus, das sehr liebevoll restauriert und eingerichtet wurde.
Wir haben uns außerordentlich wohl gefühlt.
Lauris is a perched village typical of the Luberon natural regional park. At the foot of the village, you can easily enjoy hiking, cycling, and horse or donkey riding.
The river La Durance passes 500 meters away from the bottom of the village. It is the perfect place to enjoy really refreshing moments or to watch the surrounding fauna and flora. You can also go for beautiful canoe rides. There are several lakes less than 10 minutes away from the village.
Furthermore, Lauris has the advantage to be situated at the intersection of some of the major roads of the PACA region. This will make your visit of the surroundings and of the region a lot easier.
You are 30 minutes away from Aix-en-Provence (Monet's town), from Avignon (famous for its festival in July), from Fontaine-de-Vaucluse, and from the La Barben's zoo.
Nos tarifs de location comprennent la fourniture de l'ensemble du linge de maison et les charges.


Today's XKCD quite correctly points out that if you're unfamiliar with some aesthetic experience (his example is wine), you're willing to tolerate any cheap crap, but once you have some experience, you tend to develop some taste. Inevitably, you find yourself preferring some varieties of that experience more than others.
Arguably, developing taste is a good thing, since, as Munroe has his character suggests, it opens up whole new vistas to you—albeit at the risk of turning you into an annoying snob.
Of course, the mere fact that you're shelling out more money doesn't necessarily mean you're worse off, since the counter-argument would go that you're getting more hedonic value out of the better product. I'm not sure that's true, though, since you habituate so fast. When I first started eating sushi, I was happy to eat the cheap stuff, but now that I've had reasonably good sushi, I'm not prepared to go back. Seems like a good reason to stay away from Masa.


WWHS Alumni "1921 Class History"
We have had for these four years.
In the year of 'seventeen.
And the air was bright and keen.
And we launched our ship, "Ambition,"
On the sea of High School Days.
Whom we once held in fear.
And many men did fall.
Of Physics, Chemistry and Trig.
We've fought the battle and vict'ry we've won.
As we make our sad adieu.
Though we must part and never meet again.


Good luck ausmusj1. For me the hardest part is keeping the motivation. I did some pushups last night after falling off the wagon again. I didn't do that many and I hurt today. If you don't keep up with several times a week you lose it quickly.
Good luck to you too, and thanks!
Okay, started this one this week. Doing this in conjunction with the 20 pushups, and may start the one for dips as well, but not yet.
I hit the crapper this week as far as working out/bodyweight exercises so I decided to do another max test and start wherever it put me. It turned out to be a pretty decent test. Stepped back to Week 4 Day 1, but at the higher level.
I just (re)started this as well - initial test: 30 Program begins tonight!
Okay, I bailed on the burpees. I tried one and the crunch motion of pulling my feet back up was too much like a crunch and did not feel good on my strained abdominal muscle.
to that end, I've had a crappy week this week - havent done any bodyweight exercise at all. Work has been way to stressful and way too long every day and I just havent had it in me when I get home at 8:00 every night. But, I'm going to start again today. Going to try to do alternating days of pushups/squats and pullups/dips and see how I do with that.
Okay, again, trying to get back on the wagon here too. I just finished week 5. Was barely able to get that max number on the last set, but I got it. So I'll do another test today or tomorrow and see where I ended up.


text:
Co-production of Indigenous knowledge and identities within a museum space outside of Australia.
6 June 2019 3:00pm–4:30pm
James Clifford's significant analysis of museums as "contact zones" over two decades ago has paved the way for Indigenous groups and artists to collaborate with curators, Indigenous and non-Indigenous anthropologists as well as museum staff to produce museum exhibitions. In this presentation, I examine closely such a collaboration as the lead anthropologist/curator for the first comprehensive exhibition in Canada of contemporary Indigenous art from Australia, titled Lifelines: Contemporary Indigenous Art from Australia (Musée de la Civilisation, Quebec City, 2015-2016). I will discuss and reflect on the issues and the short-term and long-term consequences raised by the processes of co-production of cultural knowledge and identities within a museum space overseas. In the conclusion, I will touch upon the difficult task of creating protocols for best practice for museums on national and international stages, which engage too often in episodic co-production of Indigenous knowledge and identities.
Françoise Dussart is a Professor in the Department of Anthropology and the Department of Women's, Gender and Sexuality Studies at the University of Connecticut. Trained in France and Australia, her specialties in social anthropology include Australian Aboriginal society and culture (as well as other Fourth World Peoples in Canada and the United States of America), iconography and visual systems, various expressions of gender, ritual and social organization, health and citizenship.
She is the author of La Peinture des Aborigènes d'Australie (1993, Parenthèses and Réunion des Musées Nationaux), and The Politics of Ritual in an Aboriginal Settlement: Kinship, Gender and the Currency of Knowledge (2000, Smithsonian Institution Press). She has also edited several volumes, 'Media matters: Representations of the social in Aboriginal Australia' (VAR, 2006), Engaging Christianity in Aboriginal Australia (2010, with Carolyn Schwarz); Entangled Ontologies: Interpretations of relations to land in Australian and Canadian neo-settler states (University of Toronto Press 2017, with Sylvie Poirier). She is currently working on two related projects, a long-term research project, which investigates how indigenized modernity and indigenous ill-health play a prominent part in shaping neo-settler states such as Australia. Her second project is a book she is co-editing in collaboration with Dr. Sylvie Poirier (Université Laval), which focuses on contemporary Indigenous cosmologies worldwide. This book will be published by Alberta University Press in 2020.
She has curated several major exhibitions and recently the very first major presentation of contemporary Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander arts (over 100 artworks) from Australia in Canada, at the Musée de la Civilisation in Quebec City (2015-2016). She is working on a new exhibition on selfies in museums and art galleries for the William Benton Museum of Fine Arts (Connecticut, USA).
Anthropology Museum, Level 1, Michie Building (09), UQ, St Lucia
Privacy & Terms of use | Feedback | Updated: 9 Apr 2019


text:
Toklu Dede Mosque (, where mescit is the Turkish word for a small mosque), was an Ottoman mosque in Istanbul, Turkey. The building was originally a Byzantine Eastern Orthodox church of unknown dedication. It was almost completely destroyed in 1929.

Location
The edifice lay in Istanbul, in the district of Fatih, in the neighborhood () of Ayvansaray. The only remaining part of the building – the south wall – is enclosed in a modern house at Toklu Ibrahim Dede Sokak, a few meters inside the walled city, a short distance from the shore of the Golden Horn, at the junction between the Blachernae wall and the largely pulled down Golden Horn walls.

Byzantine Age
The origin of this building, which was erected at the northern foot of the sixth hill of Constantinople in the neighborhood of ta Karianou, part of the Blachernae quarter, is obscure. The small shrine lay on the inner side of the Wall of Heraclius, less than 100 m west of the now demolished Gate of Küçük Ayvansaray (in Greek the Koiliomene Gate) of the Golden Horn Walls, and east of the Gate of Blachernae. The church, – in common with the nearby Atik Mustafa Pasha Mosque, also originally a Byzantine church – has been identified with Saint Thekla of the Palace of Blachernae (Greek: , Hagia Thekla tou Palatiou tōn Vlakhernōn). However, the building lay too far from the Blachernae Palace, so that this identification, based only on the similarity of the name, should be rejected. Stylistically the church belongs to the Komnenian era  (middle/second half of the 11th century). At the beginning of the 14th century – in the Palaiologan era – the church underwent minor architectonic changes and its fresco decoration was renewed.

Ottoman and Turkish Age
After the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453, between the end of the 15th and the beginning of the 16th century the church was converted into a small mosque (Mescid) by Toklu Ibrahim Dede, a former soldier of Mehmed the Conqueror, who was the custodian of the nearby türbe of Ebû Șeybet ül Hudrî, like the more famous Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (the standard bearer of Muhammad), a companion of the Prophet. Both died during the first Arab siege of Constantinople and were buried outside the wall of Heraclius. The türbe of Ebû Șeybet ül Hudrî is now placed in the citadel between the Wall of Heraclius and that of Leo the Armenian.

In 1929 the owner of the building demolished it almost completely, leaving in place only the south wall and the apse. With the demolition the paintings, whose existence was known since 1890, came again to light. The first surveying of the remains occurred in 1954.   As of 2012, only the surviving south wall, enclosed in a new building, and the name of the road where it once lay remember the small edifice.

Description

The building had a rectangular plan with external sides of 14.2 m and 6.7 m. A square single nave was surmounted by a barrel vault and covered at its center by a dome with a diameter of about 4 m. This was supported by arches carried by angular piers. The nave was preceded by an esonarthex and ended towards East with a bema and a polygonal apse adorned internally and externally with shallow niches. The plan of the building is similar on a reduced size to that of the Chora Church.  The edifice's  brickwork consisted of courses of rows of white stones alternating with rows of red bricks. The external wall were divided with half pillars and with lesenes surmounted by arches.  The church was decorated with 14th-century frescoes, among them images of the Saints Eleuterus, Abercius, Polykarpos, Spyridon, Procopius and Nicetas, some of them framed in medallions. The barrel vault above the altar was decorated with a fresco representing the Nativity of Jesus.

References

Sources

External links

 Byzantium 1200 – Toklu Dede

12th-century Eastern Orthodox church buildings
Fatih
Byzantine sacred architecture
Churches in Istanbul
Golden Horn
Buildings and structures demolished in 1929
Mosques converted from churches in Istanbul