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The world's coming down, but don't count Type O Negative out
"We're an answer... looking for a question," explains front man Peter Steele
Paul Gargano
Niels van Iperen/Getty Images
Metal Edge, December 1999
There's a lot to be said for a band that names the first song on their album "Skip It," treating the listener to the sounds of a CD skipping for 10 seconds. They obviously don't lack in the sense of humor department, clearly don't take themselves too seriously, and none are too afraid of letting a good joke cloud the dementia of their art. "We are a tragic comedy," comments Type O Negative keyboardist Josh Silver when asked about his band's subtle sense of humor. "The best songs Type O have ever recorded are tragic comedies…"
"Like, 'I Know You're Fucking Someone Else,'" chimes frontman Peter Steele – the band's vocalist, bass player, pre-dominant songwriter and principal de-composer of songs – citing the bluntly titled track that opens 1992's The Origin of the Feces.
Truth be told, there's not a lot that Type O Negative do that doesn't reflect their collective wit and dry take on the world around them. In 1991, their Slow, Deep and Hard debut opened with "Unsuccessfully Coping with the Natural Beauty of Infidelity" and closed with The Misinterpretation of Silence and its Disastrous Consequences" and "Gravitational Constant: G = 6.67 x 10⁻⁸ cm⁻³ gm⁻¹ sec⁻²". Not bad for a bunch of Brooklyn boys in a heavy metal band.
A year later, Feces featured a Type O take on the Jimi Hendrix cover "Hey Joe" - dubbed "Hey Pete" – and depicted the 6' 6" Steele holding a standup bass in the album art. It was the same bass he would later play in the "Black No. 1" video, from 1993's Bloody Kisses. With the unexpected commercial success of Kisses, Type O got their first lesson in the hazards of allowing the American intellect to interpret their art.
"After the 'Black" video, people were coming up to me after shows and asking, 'Where's the big bass?'" laughs Steele, with Silver making sure his implications were clear: "Everyone misses the humor, it goes right over their heads."
But in the band's eyes, their Bloody breakthrough led to something far worse than a few missed gags – their success got blown out of proportion by their record label.
"We got a few records sold under our belts, and instead of letting the band be a band, the label saw it as a platform to do even more commercially successful things," recalls drummer Johnny Kelly. Once again, Silver details: "Instead of just letting us do what we do best, they're trying to make us something monstrous and commercial. That's the one thing that this industry can't understand about us, and now they just keep making the same mistakes over and over again."
"They're trying to homogenize and pasteurize us," chimes guitarist Kenny Hickey. "And that's the most terrifying thing about it," says Kelly. "I think in the end, that's ultimately going to hurt us."
Not if Silver has anything to do with it; "It won't, because we won't let that happen."
Says Steel, summing up the dogma that is Type O Negative, "We're an answer... looking for a question."
Sitting in an artsy Manhattan hotel room with the members of Type O Negative is hardly the place to find that elusive question., especially given the extreme mid-summer heat and inhumane lack of air conditioning. But the more we talked, the more the same issue was raised: How do you market a band that defies any of the neat subgenres that cloak the hard rock and heavy metal communities?
"It doesn't pay to be trendy," advises Steele, "because by the time you rip off Limp Bizkit and the album comes out next year, there are going to be new trends."
So rather than ride the trends, Roadrunner Records urged Type O to create their own with their follow up to Bloody Kisses, 1996's October Rust. The album was arguably their most defining artistic statement, but somewhere between the recording and the album's release, it lost the raw, primal power of their previous outings. It was art, but on a canvas, and Type O fans were accustomed to sketchings on the insides of cavernous walls.
"October Rust is a heavy album, but when you try and put too many layers on it, in order to fit everything sonically, you have to some of the heaviness of it," explains Steele. "I just don't think the album was congruent with what was going on at the time. It wasn't trendy at all. I don't think anything we have ever done has been trendy – for us to be trendy would be like trying to hit a nail in the fucking dark. It's a matter of luck.
"We're the square pegs," adds Hickey, with Steele cutting back in: "I do admit that the last album was a little formulated, and I/we should not have listened to the record label when they said 'Write some stuff for the radio, they'll make you fuckin' rich.' The funny thing is, as much as October Rust is still my favorite that we've done, it's just not radio friendly – even though we tried to make it that way. So now, we've just stopped trying."
"You're being too hard on the album now," adds Hickey. "I think there were some very complex songs on that album, melodically and stuff, and that threw radio. There was just too much shit to listen to at once."
At this point in the conversation, voices start to raise over the intentions of Rust, Steele trying to tread a diplomatic line, and Kelly getting frustrated with his bandmates' defensiveness towards the album. "There were a lot of awesome songs on that album, and I'm tired of people fucking beating it up. So much so that we're doing it now, we're even beating it up. It's very frustrating!"
Silver agrees. "That was not a shitty record. It is what it is – you take a musical risk and you go out on a limb. That's life. If it's too much for the average person to digest, and people don't get it, fuck 'em."
"The planets really just didn't align for us on that album," Kelly continues. "It was really tough, we were on tour for a month after the album came out and people were still coming up to us and asking when the record was going to be released. Some of the radio stations didn't even know we had singles." In addition to general disarray at their label, the band were also between managers, interviewing candidates pre-show while on tour, and without anyone to go to bat for them with the Roadrunner powers that be.
Which leads to the September 21 release of World Coming Down, the latest canon in the Negative collection. The Band has signed with Andy Gould management whose artist roster also includes Rob Zombie, Monster Magnet and Drain S.T.H., and new personnel at their label indicate that there might be reason to be optimistic about the future.
"Optimism?" repeats Steele when the word is uttered, Silver deadpanning in response, "That's nonexistent."
Hickey: "Personally, I'm just closing my eyes and jumping into the fire."
But they do have one hell of a record.
World Coming Down is Type O Negative sporting their most comfortable dark and dirge-y tones, numbing the senses with the diabolic sounds of music as somber as its creators. Clocking in at over eight minutes, "White Slavery" is haunting and surreal, a penetrating voyage to the inner banks of the mind's most remote corner. Still left with a glimmer of hope? "Everyone I Love is Dead" follows, harder hitting than its predecessor, with the buzz of guitars lifting Steele's vocals to majestic heights and providing the song with glorious depth. The title track carries the album to complete sonic overload, a troubling and disturbing nosedive of extended sound and distorted equilibrium. It's more than music, it's a mood and it's what Type O convey more brilliantly than any band that could be considered their peers.
"We really just wanted to do something heavy again," says Silver, hitting the proverbial nail on the head. "It was back to the basics, ripping off Black Sabbath again."
"Actually, we tried for something simpler on this record," adds Kelly. "The production is half of what we used on the last record."
Says Steele: "The object was really to sound more like four people than 40. We made a conscious effort not to do three different guitar tracks or out three different keyboards on – the other reason we've gone back to this style is it's really hard to reproduce some of the stuff from October Rust live. It's very lush, and we're only four guys… We didn't expect to get two singles off of Bloody Kisses, it just happened ["Black No. 1" and "Christian Woman"], so this time we just concentrated on making the songs, then we can always edit them down."
"We've done it the hard way our entire life, and we're going to do it the hard way this time – radio is something that's not about this band, and trying to make us that takes away our soul and is a waste of everybody's time, Especially listeners," continues Silver. "I think a band that's done the most right is Ministry. They've kept their integrity, sold well, never sold out the mainstream, and they've done it over and over again. Instead of being greedy and going where we don't belong, I know where Type O Negative does belong, and it's not modern rock radio. When you support Type O Negative you need to support art."
"Art?" chimes Steele, obviously uncomfortable with the serious turn the conversation has taken. "Was someone thinking of art?"
"I was thinking of Art Carney," drop Kelly.
"Art deco?" questions Hickey. But Steele has already found the answer he is looking for: "No, Art Carney… That's the other thing that is happening now, a lot of our comedy is coming from TV of the late '50s to the late '70s, and kids today – they could be our kids – they don't get it. We're quoting The Flintstones, The Munster and Abbott and Costello, and we think it's fuckin' funny, but the kids are looking at us like, 'You aren't funny!' "
So is it discouraging that a lot of the band's subtleties go over the heads of the audience, and Type O are often tagged as little more than a proverbial "goth" band?
"It is, but this vampire goth thing isn't something we've made up," begins Steele in response, "it's something that we've been tagged with."
"Tagged with?" But you have FANGS!" snaps Hickey, as the room bursts into hysterics all around.
"It doesn't matter! Just let me finish! Once we found our niche, we just kind of exploited it a little bit…" but Steele can't hold his laughter back – "What was the question? Did I mention that our next video is going to be a cartoon? Johnny in his car running over the Road Runner."
As Steele segues into a humming medley of television theme songs, attention diverts to Hickey, who at the interview had been sober for five months.
"It has changed my approach a lot, in that I've sobered up and now I can play better." Confesses the guitarist. "I was a wreck last tour, but I was sober for the entire recording, and it's the best I've ever played."
Steele reemerges in the conversation. "I wish I could say that. I remember about three minutes of recording the demos – trying to tune drunk, that's about it. There's nothing good to say about drugs and alcohol other than that some fun can come out of them. There's nothing good about them, just stupid adolescent humor."
For Hickey, being sober has meant a new focus towards his music. "Now, I look at it as I have to make money to support my family and to give my daughter a good future. I never looked at cash dollars, ever. I just wanted to get in a bus and tear an asshole into the world. Now it's a lot different. I'm preparing for the future and I have a college fund started for my daughter. I didn't even give a damn about anything before, not even myself. Not that it effects the way I think about the music now, I would never want to sell out to make money, or anything like that, but now I look at it like a career rather than a fuckin' circus or a giant comedy."
"Basically, he's doing the same thing he always has, but now he's scared," smiles Silver. "Do you think you can start me a college fund, too? I can use college…"
Did Hickey's sobriety contribute to the delays in recording the album?
"Actually, the first factor was that we had been on tour for four-and-a-half years, so when we came home we wanted virtually nothing to do with each other for a long time," explains Steele. "After like six months, we decided it was time to get back to work, but we had gotten older and life had gotten more complicated – Kenny and Johnny got married, Kenny had a daughter, and there were setbacks, personal problems came up. We'd take two steps forward and one step back."
"When you leave your life for five years, then suddenly come back, you have a lot of catching up to do. You start remembering that you're human again," details Hickey.
"The other thing," continues Steele, "was just trying to write quality songs. We had three or four left over that just weren't up to par, then you open your equipment for the first rehearsal in six months, and you don't even recognize it. It's difficult to just start right up again. We could have been sitting here eight months ago, but we would have had a subpar album with the first 10 songs we wrote. We needed to get back into the swing of things."
"It's like squeezing out a large turd," notes Hickey, demonstrating that fatherhood hasn't stripped him of his penchant for colorful detail, "sometimes it takes a while."
There's little doubt that the album benefitted from the extra time, as "Creepy Green Light" punches through with a flair that borders on mid-'80s Euro-pop – undeniably Type O while shining as the albums more effervescent cut, a diversion from the down-trodden spirit of "Everything Dies." "Pyretta Blaze" flirts with a mid-song keyboard run that is reminiscent of early U2, while "Hallow's Eve" drop the sound right back to the familiar TON underworld, paving a path for a spellbinding cover of the Beatles "Daytripper," which – like "Summer Breeze" and "Cinnamon Girl" from previous releases – sets the standard for maintaining the integrity of a classic song while giving it the full-on Type O treatment.
Full on Type O treatment? We asked each of the members what the most important element of Type O Negative is to them.
Hickey: "Our look."
Kelly: "Our hair."
Steele: "Our smell."
Silver: "Truth and emotion go a long way."
"That's all right, image does count," says Steele seriously, "but the only way to be really successful is to follow your heart, hope that your work is put out there and marketed properly, and hope that people jump on it."
It's back to that marketing question… If all goes well, we'll be seeing Type O Negative in arenas like their hometown Madison Square Garden, but they don't need that kind of success to be happy.
"I'd be happy to play my back garden," pans Steele, "the one behind my house."
Type O NegativePeter Steele


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Bring Back Country Horsemen of America to Your Area
Back Country Horsemen of America is the leading organization in saving public lands trails for equestrian use. They have achieved such unsurpassed national credibility that they are actively sought to speak and represent their interest in wilderness and back country issues at the national level.
Sarah Wynne Jackson
Back Country Horsemen of America is the leading organization in saving public lands trails for equestrian use. They have achieved such unsurpassed national credibility that they are actively sought to speak and represent their interest in wilderness and back country issues at the national level. BCHA is also well respected by land management agencies such as the Forest Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and the National Park Service.
BCHA began in the early 1970s by a few farsighted horsemen who understood the eventual implications of the trend toward restrictions on horse use in the back country. They felt that to be credible and effective, the organization must work in cooperation with the public land agencies that make and administer back country policy. They also felt the need to educate the equine community to become better stewards of the land.
Are you seeing ?No Horses? signs at your favorite trailheads? Is your local government making decisions against horse use on public lands? Are you wondering where you'll ride your horse in the future? Take action now, before it's too late. Join with Back Country Horsemen of America by forming your own local BCH unit. It's not as difficult as you might think!
Not Your Typical Saddle Club
Although BCHA offers many of the same experiences as social riding clubs, such as group rides, educational meetings, and social events, Back Country Horsemen of America go a step further. They commit themselves to protecting our heritage of back country stock use across the country.
Those aren?t idle words. They stand behind that commitment with action, expending their own personal sweat, effort, and resources in a huge volunteer effort accumulating to over $5 million in volunteer value each year. BCHA members also travel far distances to inform politicians, government leaders, and other decision makers about their mission. They diligently attend events large and small with handouts and informational materials to educate the public of our need to preserve our right to ride horses on public lands.
That is the work ethic of Back Country Horsemen of America. There's nothing wrong with riding clubs focused on enjoying our beautiful landscape from the back of a horse. But BCHA is dedicated also to preserving our opportunity to have that experience. BCHA membership is not for everyone. But if you're ready to pick up the reins to join the hard hitters and the big players in the effort to preserve our ?right to ride,? you may be ready to accept the responsibility of BCHA membership. If you know others in your area who are just as committed as you, it's time to consider starting your own BCH unit.
What Does BCHA Do for You?
BCHA membership may have its responsibilities, but it also carries benefits you and your neighbor horse users won?t find anywhere else. Association with other horsemen who love the wilderness can enhance your skill, expand riding opportunities, and make recreational equine use a much more enjoyable activity. Perhaps the most important benefit is the satisfaction of helping protect our wild lands and preserve the place of the horse in our national heritage.
BCHA members receive the national newsletter, which is published quarterly. It contains information regarding the activities of the National Board of Directors and the committee chairs (Education, Public Liaison, Wilderness, and Media Communications) along with news from various BCH units. When your group is affiliated with BCHA, it will take part in valuable sharing of information with other back country users; including new ideas for working with public lands managers, fund raising, rides, education, insurance, liability, recruitment, and work party recommendations.
The national organization assists BCH units in many ways. The Wilderness Committee is in place to advise the state organizations in their dealings with public lands managers to keep the back country open to stock use, including instances in which plans come out to block stock users for one reason or another from the back country.
The Education Committee compiles information with regard to gentle use on the land and other information that supports BCH units in their quest to keep the back country available for stock use through education. Several BCH groups have extensive programs in place that serve as models for newly formed units. The Education Committee is also in the process of preparing educational materials that local units can use to teach children about caring for our wild lands.
Groups affiliated with BCHA also gain a national presence on ?the Hill? by representatives from the Public Liaison Committee. They make several trips to Washington, D.C., annually to maintain our visibility with our legislators. Their example and protocol gives BCH units a model for approaching their local government.
BCHA offers different classifications of membership. If there aren?t any local units near you, but you can't find enough like-minded individuals to form a new BCH group, you are welcome to become an at large member, with annual dues of $45. You will receive the national newsletter and partnership with other stock users across the nation. At large members are encouraged but not required to travel to the nearest meetings and events as often as their schedule permits.
Local groups wishing to become united with Back Country Horsemen of America have three options: classification as a state organization, a chapter of a state organization, or as an affiliate. A state organization is a coalition of two or more chapters within a state, with a minimum of 40 members and no less than 15 members in each chapter.
If your state already has a BCHA state organization, your group can become a chapter within that state organization. A chapter should have at least 15 members or meet the membership requirements of their state.
An affiliate organization is a single chapter within a state which does not have an official BCH state organization. A single chapter cannot become a stand-alone affiliate if its state already has a state organization. It can only join BCH as a chapter of that state. An affiliate must have a minimum of 15 members. Affiliates have a voice but no voting rights on the National Board of Directors.
Membership with Back Country Horsemen of America identifies you and your local group as a responsible voice for recreational stock use on public lands. This representation goes far beyond the local community and the trails we ride. It reaches coast to coast, joining us with other stock users in our quest to preserve our right to ride horses on public lands.
About Back Country Horsemen of America
BCHA is a non-profit corporation made up of state organizations, affiliates, and at large members. Their efforts have brought about positive changes in regards to the use of horses and stock in the wilderness and public lands.
If you want to know more about Back Country Horsemen of America or become a member, visit their website: www.backcountryhorse.com, call 888-893-5161, or write PO Box 1367, Graham, WA 98338-1367. The future of horse use on public lands is in our hands!
Get InvolvedWorthy CausesAdvocate
Back Country Horsemen of America Embraces Youth
Back Country Horsemen of America recognizes that youth are the future of our country. They wonder who will care for our wilderness and preserve American citizens? right to ride on public lands in years to come. They also know the great physical, emotional, and mental benefits they get from enjoying their horses and mules in the back country; and they want to share those joys with children.
All About Horses
Back Country Horsemen of America is Recognized by Local and National Organizations
All Back Country Horsemen believe in the value of volunteerism, so it?s no wonder that many of their accolades center around trail work.
Junior Back Country Horsemen of America learn skills that enable them to ride and pack safely in an enclosed arena and in the backcountry.
What is ELCR?
The Equine Land Conservation Resource's mission is to advance the conservation of land for horse-related activity.
Back in the Saddle Equine Therapy Center
BITS is a registered non-profit organization and offers many kinds of therapy, from hippotherapy for those with physical disabilities to the Spirit Horse autism therapy program that Michael is going through.
Back Country Horsemen of America Expands Advocacy Partner Program
Back Country Horsemen of America welcomes the Chattahoochee Trail Horse Association, the Daniel Boone Distance Riders, the North Carolina Horse Council and the Parker Trail Riders to its Advocacy Partner Program.
Horse-Friendly Zoning
Population growth in rural areas affects the horse industry on a national level and threatens to become worse through the millennium. As people move closer to properties with horses, zoning conflicts sometimes result.
Is Your Competition Venue Protected from Development?
With the development rate of 250 acres per hour (USDA statistics), urban sprawl in the form of commercial and residential development is running rampant. So what should you think about with regard to the future of your competition venue?
What is ELCR, the Equine Land Conservation Resource?
Where will you ride, drive, compete, race, raise foals, and grow hay in the future? The Equine Land Conservation Resource addresses issues faced by all horse owners, regardless of size, breed, and discipline.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Welcome to Diyarbakir ! Today is your arrival day. Airport transfers are available from Airport during the hours of 8:00am til 8:00pm. Transfer to your hotel. Overnight in Diyarbakir.
Mardin is very unique with lovely old-Arabic style houses. It is a city that played an important role in the early development of Christianity. We will take the time to visit, walk in its busy streets and bazaars, and admire the stonework all around the town. We will also visit the Monastery of Deyr-az-Zaferan just outside of town, founded in 762 A.D. It was the seat of the Syrian Orthodox Patriarch for almost 800 years. This monastery is built on top of a 4000-year-old temple used by sun worshippers. Overnight in Urfa.
Urfa , the birthplace of the prophet Abraham. Urfa has been occupied since the Babylonians followed by the Hurrites, Hittites, Assyrians, Greeks. We will also visit the holy sites at the Ainzelha, a lake with millions of domesticated fish. While in Urfa we will shop at the bustling covered bazaar as well. There are exceptional photo opportunities in this area. Overnight in Urfa.
From Urfa we will drive two hours to Adiyaman-Kahta. There we will organise transfers up the mountain. This extraordinary landmark rests at an elevation of 8000 ft. The mountain top complex is composed of two flattened areas strewn with statues and separated by a false peak of crushed rock. Antiouchus built the entire complex approximately 2000 years ago as a monument to his "divine ancestry." After watching sunset and exploring the mountain we will make our way to Kahta for the night. Overnight in Kahta.
Drive to Gaziantep , home to the famous Turkish dessert of Baklava. Visit the archaeological museum and explore the old city on foot. Overnight in Gaziantep.
We depart for Adana in the morning and start our tour with the museum of Archiology the 16th Century Ulu Mosque and the 19th century Clock Tower then on to Tarsus going through Cleopatra Door and Yedi Uyurlar Cave. Overnight in Tarsus .
Today your tour is over. Please make your own arrangements for departure remembering that your hotel will need you to check out before midday. We hope you had a memorable tour and we look forward to seeing you in the future on another tour with us.


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Parul Ghosh (Barisal, hoy en Bangladés, 1915-Malad, Bombay, India, 13 de agosto de 1986), cuyo nombre verdadero era Parul Biswas, fue una cantante de las pioneras del playback en la India. Interpretó temas musicales en películas para el cine, en hindi y bengalí, desde 1935 a 1951.

Fue presentada para cantar por su hermano Anil Biswas. Entre las películas que ella interpretó de temas musicales, fue en los siguientes filmes como Jwar Bhata, Milan, Hamhaari Baat y Namaste. Su carrera artística comenzó cuando se asoció con  New Theatres, en Kolkata. Se casó con el eminente flautista Pannalal Ghosh en 1924.

Referencias

Cantantes de playback de India

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Designs unveiled for new Library and Archives Canada preservation centre
The Library and Archives Canada's (LAC's) new preservation centre in Gatineau, Québec, seeks to be a unique Canadian environmental project.
Image courtesy Library and Archives Canada
Designs have been revealed for a new flagship building for the Library and Archives Canada[2] (LAC) in Gatineau, Qué. It will be located directly behind the current preservation centre.
The new centre will be one of the first 'net-zero carbon' facilities dedicated to archival preservation in the Americas, and the first federal building constructed to the requirements of Canada's Greening Government Strategy[3].
"This new, state-of-the-art preservation facility in the National Capital Region will help Canada remain a leader in the preservation and promotion of our invaluable documentary heritage," said Pablo Rodriguez, Canadian heritage and multiculturalism minister. "Our government is confident this preservation centre will solidify Library and Archives Canada's place at the forefront of preservation throughout the world, for the benefit of present and future generations."
The new centre will employ the main features of a net-zero carbon building such as:
minimal carbon emissions from energy consumption, achieved through building design and efficiency measures;
energy needs met through carbon-free fuel sources; and
minimal embodied carbon in building materials.
It will also be one of the world's largest preservation facilities equipped with a high-tech automated archive storage and retrieval system. This means the national collections will be kept under optimal preservation conditions.
Put forth by the Plenary Properties Gatineau (PPG), the proposal was selected for public-private partnership because it meets all of the required technical criteria and is cost-effective.
LAC and PPG will:
design, build, and finance the new building;
optimize storage space in the current preservation centre; and
operate and maintain both facilities.
The ultra-modern facility will increase LAC's capacity to store Canadian archives and resolve the shortage of space expected in the near future. Construction will begin later this year with the opening expected in 2022.
[Image]: https://www.constructioncanada.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Opener-7.jpg
Library and Archives Canada: https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/Pages/home.aspx
Greening Government Strategy: https://www.canada.ca/en/treasury-board-secretariat/services/innovation/greening-government/strategy.html
You May Also Like Specifying structural steel for bridges
Source URL: https://www.constructioncanada.net/designs-unveiled-for-new-library-and-archives-canada-preservation-centre/
Copyright ©2019 Construction Canada unless otherwise noted.


Mexican President Felipe Calderón and Colombian President Alvaro Uribe are among the dignitaries who will attend this weekend's inauguration of Costa Rica's first female president. In total, seven heads of state have confirmed their presence as well as representatives of 18 other countries around the world.
Inauguration events begin Friday at 4 p.m. with the presentation of credentials to foreign visitors, followed by a dinner at the National Theater hosted by outgoing President Oscar Arias and, later, with cocktails both at the CostaRicanArt Museum and at the Hotel Real InterContinental in Escazú.
On Saturday, the inauguration ceremony begins at 10 a.m. in La Sabana Park west of downtown San José, followed by several private lunch meetings in the afternoon and a 7 p.m. concert in the park, which is open to the public.
Laura Chinchilla was elected by a landslide Feb. 7, defeating her closest opponent by more than 20 percent of the vote. The former vice president served as legislator, justice minister and minister of security.
She received her undergraduate degree from the University of Costa Rica, then a master's in public policy from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., and went on to work as a consultant in security and judicial affairs.
Her father, Rafael Angel Chinchilla, served as Costa Rica's comptroller for many years, and it is from him that the 51-year-old mother developed her interest in public service.
Chinchilla is not the first female president in Latin America. She follows Nicaragua's Violeta Chamorro (1990-1997), Ecuador's Rosalía Arteaga Serrano (1997), Panama's Mireya Moscoso (1999-2004), Chile's Michelle Bachelet (2006-2010) and Argentina's Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2007-present).
To find out more about this weekend's traspaso de poderes visit www.costarica2010.cr/TRASPASO.
Saturday, May 8 at 7:00 p.m.


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UNC School of Education ranks No. 4 in number of alumni with national certification
North Carolina leads nation in National Board Certified Teachers
Carolina's School of Education is fourth in the nation in the number of its degree-holders who have earned certification from the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards.
UNC-Chapel Hill has 1,362 alumni who have earned the National Board Certified Teacher credential.
Educators who work to complete a master's program or to achieve National Board Certification are demonstrating commitment to professional growth that helps them better serve students.
Diana Lys
Certification by the National Board is the highest credential in the teaching profession. To obtain certification, a candidate must build a portfolio that includes student work samples, assignments, videotapes and a thorough analysis of their classroom teaching.
About the Program Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) M.A.T.
Carolina's MAT is grounded in rigorous academic and clinical experiences that will help you expand and build your professional knowledge and skills in preparation for becoming an educator.
In a news release, North Carolina State Superintendent of Education Mark Johnson said students gain from teachers who earn national certification, a demanding process that helps them become more effective in the classroom by meeting high standards for the profession.
"Congratulation to all of the teachers who have earned this certification," Johnson said. "It is outstanding for North Carolina to be the leader in nationally certified teachers."
The National Board for Professional Teaching recently released new figures, showing that North Carolina continues to lead the nation in the number of teachers who hold the certification, with 22,653. North Carolina accounts for nearly one-fifth of all teachers nationally who hold the credential.
In the highest ranks
Of the top 10 institutions nationally with alumni holding the credential, five of them are in North Carolina:
•	Appalachian State University, ranked No. 1 with 2,057
•	East Carolina University, ranked No. 2 with 2,042
•	UNC-Chapel Hill, ranked No. 4 with 1,362
•	UNC-Greensboro, ranked No. 6 with 1,334
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Diana Lys, assistant dean of educator preparation and accreditation for the School of Education, said the School works to match teacher candidates with National Board Certified Teachers for their internships, adding that she is seeing evidence that doing so has produced better outcomes among graduates of the School's MAT program.
About the Program Master of Education for Experienced Teachers (MEdX) M.Ed.
The Master of Education for Experienced Teachers is a part-time program designed for experienced teachers with at least two years of experience who wish to expand and refine their understanding of teaching and learning.
"It's also important to note that some of our degree-holders with National Board Certification are teachers who went through our Master's for Experienced Teachers program," Lys said. "Educators who see advanced credentials are demonstrating a commitment to professional growth that helps them better serve students."
Nationally, 3,831 teachers earned National Board Certification in 2018-19, raising the total among all states to nearly 126,000. In addition, almost 4,783 teachers nationally achieved recertification, including 1,421 board-certified teachers in North Carolina.
Teachers in North Carolina who achieve certification receive a 12 percent salary supplement to their regular pay. They also are awarded eight continuing education credits.
By Michael Hobbs
Email Michael Hobbs
School & Community
Diana B. Lys
Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT)
Pre-Master of Arts in Teaching (Pre-MAT)
Master of Education for Experienced Teachers (MEdX)
UNC Baccalaureate Education in Science and Teaching (UNC-BEST)
K-12 Music Education
Lora Cohen-Vogel: Rural partnerships require building from strengths
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In the Media: Dana Griffin profiled by 'Focus Carolina'


The effect of cold, abscisic acid (ABA), and heat treatments on the germination of mature black spruce somatic embryos (SEs) was examined. Specifically, the quality of mature black spruce SEs germinants (as assessed by the presence of hypocotyl vitrification), germination time (synchrony of root and shoot growth), and desiccation tolerance was evaluated following the treatments. Germination of black spruce SEs without any treatments was high (i.e., 89%), but 43% of germinants exhibited a vitrified hypocotyl and root growth lagged behind shoot growth. Mature SEs were exposed to cold (2�C for 2 days), ABA (20 �M ABA for 7 days), and heat (40�C for 10 min, 30�C for 1 h, 25�C for 12 h) treatments and then either germinated or exposed to fast or slow desiccation. The ABA, cold and heat treatments resulted in a slightly earlier, more uniform germination, due to increased root growth, but did not increase the quality of germinants. Sixty four percent of mature SEs were tolerant to slow desiccation, but only 18% were tolerant to fast desiccation to approximately a 20% water content (on a fresh mass basis). Tolerance to slow and fast desiccation significantly increased and the percentage of germinants with vitrified hypocotyls decreased significantly when the SEs were first exposed to the ABA and cold treatments compared with the mature SEs. None of the treatments resulted in an increase in the number of germinants compared with that of the mature SEs. These results show that the ABA and cold treatments are beneficial for increasing SE tolerance to slow and fast desiccation, decreasing germination time, and increasing the quality of germinants. The ABA treatment was superior with respect to desiccation tolerance and to the quality of germinants.


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Dalworth Restoration's certified restoration specialists are highly-trained professionals certified to deliver our water damage restoration and fire damage restoration services according to the best practices and industry standards set forth by the following trade associations and independent organizations.
Comprised of more than 1,100 member organizations, the Restoration Industry Association (RIA) represents over 20,000 cleaning and restoration professionals who specialize in the cleaning, treatment and repair of damaged buildings and their contents. As an RIA member, Dalworth Restoration shares a commitment to professionalism through a strict Code of Ethics and is committed to improving industry standards and ongoing technical research.
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As a licensed energy contractor in North Texas, Dalworth Home Performance is a member of the Spray Polyurethane Foam Alliance (SPFA), an independent trade association and an educational and technical resource for the spray polyurethane foam industry. Through the SPFA Professional Certification Program (PCP), our insulation installers and inspectors have received certification in spray polyurethane foam (Spray Foam) roofing, inspections, building envelope, health and safety processes and home energy services. As SPFA PCP Certified professionals, our energy experts deliver all of Dalworth Home Performance's home energy services in accreditation to International ISO-17024 standard compliance.
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"Ferrari Barchetta" redirects here. For the 1948 166 MM Barchetta, see Ferrari 166 S.
The Ferrari 550 Maranello (Type F133) is a front-engined V12 2-seat grand tourer built by Ferrari from 1996 to 2001. The 550 Maranello marked Ferrari's return to a front-engine, rear-wheel drive layout for its 2-seater 12-cylinder model, 23 years after the 365 GTB/4 Daytona had been replaced by the mid-engined Berlinetta Boxer.
In 2000, Ferrari introduced the 550 Barchetta Pininfarina, a limited production roadster version of the 550, limited to just 448 examples. The 550 was replaced by the upgraded 575M Maranello in 2002.
Since 1973, when the traditional front-engined 365 GTB/4 Daytona had been replaced by the mid-engined Berlinetta Boxer, Ferrari's top-of-the-line 12-cylinder 2-seater model had used a mid-mounted 180° 12-cylinder flat engine. The Berlinetta Boxer had later been developed into the Testarossa, whose last evolution was the 1994 F512 M. Under the presidency of Luca Cordero di Montezemolo, who took office in 1991, the F512 M replacement was developed as a traditional front-engined V12 grand tourer.
After 30 months of development, the Ferrari 550 Maranello was unveiled in July 1996 at the Nürburgring racing circuit in Germany. The model's name referred to the 5.5-litres total engine displacement in decilitres and to the town of Maranello, home to the Ferrari headquarters and factory. Pininfarina executed both the exterior and interior design. Frame and main engine components were shared with the 2+2 Ferrari 456, although at 2,500 mm (98.4 in), the 550's wheelbase was 100 mm (3.9 in) shorter. In 2002 the 550 was replaced by the 575M Maranello, which was rather an all-around improved version (modificata in Ferrari parlance) of the car, fitted with a larger 5.75-litre engine. In total 3,083 units of the 550 Maranello were produced.
The 550 used a front-engine, rear-wheel drive transaxle layout, with the 6-speed gearbox located at the rear axle together with the limited slip differential. The chassis was a tubular steel space frame, to which the aluminium body panels were soldered. The Pininfarina-designed body had a drag coefficient of 0.33. Suspension was of the double wishbone type with coaxial coil spring and damper units on all four corners, and anti-roll bars front and rear. The steering was rack and pinion with variable power assist. The vented disc brakes were 330 mm (13.0 in) at the front and 310 mm (12.2 in) at the rear. Magnesium alloy was used for the 18-inch wheels. Electronic driver aid systems included anti-slip regulation, which could be adjusted on two levels or switched off completely, and four-way anti-lock braking system.
The engine is a naturally aspirated 65° V12 with 4 valves per cylinder, dual overhead cams and a variable length intake manifold. It displaced 5,473.91 cc (334.0 cu in) and produced 485 PS (357 kW; 478 hp) at 7,000 rpm and 568.1 N⋅m (419 lb⋅ft) at 5,000 rpm. Bore and stroke measure 88 mm and 75 mm.
According to the manufacturer the 550 Maranello had a top speed of 320 km/h (199 mph), and could accelerate from a standstill to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 4.4 seconds. Testing the 550 Maranello in 2000, American car magazine Motor Trend recorded a 0 to 60 mph (0 to 97 km/h) acceleration time of 4.2 seconds, a 0 to 100 mph (0 to 161 km/h) time of 9.6 seconds, and a ¼ mile (0.4 km) performance of 12.5 seconds at 116.9 mph.
Ferrari introduced a roadster version of the 550 at the Paris Motor Show in 2000 to commemorate the 70th anniversary of Pininfarina. The 550 Barchetta Pininfarina was a true barchetta with no real convertible top provided. The factory did provide a cloth soft top, but it was intended only for temporary use to protect the interior from rain as using the top above 70 mph (113 km/h) was not deemed safe. Aesthetically, the barchetta featured a more deeply raked windshield than the coupé for improved aero dynamics, roll-over hoops behind the seats for the driver's safety and a longer rear section than the coupé to complete the smooth overall design resulting in more cargo space than the coupé, even when it was less practical. Other changes included new 19-inch alloy wheels specially made for the barchetta. A total of 448 cars were produced, four more than initially planned 444 cars due to concerns of superstition in the Japanese market about the number 4. The 448 cars were preceded by 12 prototypes numbered P01–P12 on their interior plaques. To an observer the prototypes and production cars are indistinguishable. The mechanical underpinnings of the car remained the same as its coupé counterpart but the engine was given the F133C code mainly for differentiation. Performance figures differed significantly as compared to the 550 Maranello due to the loss of a roof, with 0–62 mph (0–100 km/h) acceleration time increasing to 4.4 seconds and top speed reduced to 186 mph (300 km/h). All the 448 cars had a numbered plaque (i.e. x of 448) on the dashboard with Sergio Pininfarina's signature.
The 550-based Ferrari Rossa was a concept car introduced at the 2000 Turin Motor Show to celebrate the 70th anniversary of Pininfarina. The 2-door speedster shares the mechanical components from the 550 Maranello but its top speed is reduced to 185 mph (298 km/h) due to increased weight. The futuristic design cues found their way to future Ferrari production cars such as the Enzo Ferrari and the F430. It was designed by Ken Okuyama at Pininfarina.
On October 28, 2009, Zagato and Ferrari revealed that they have been working on a roadster version of the 575 GTZ coupé to celebrate the 90th anniversary of the long collaboration between the two Italian establishments. The resulting product called the 550 GTZ roadster was limited to five units and based on the 550 Barchetta Pininfarina. All five were sold at the stratospheric price of £1 million (€1.1 million/ US$1.6 million) each.
Although not intended for motorsport, some privateer teams took it upon themselves to develop the 550 for use in various series. The first racing 550, known as 550 GT, was built for French team Red Racing to comply with international sporting regulations. The project was developed by Michel Enjolras and assembled in the Italtecnica workshop. The car was first tested in April 1999 and was used in the GT3 class of the French FFSA GT Championship. In 2001 the car was then sold to XL Racing who continued the development and built a second car, known as 550 XL entering the FFSA GT and the American Le Mans Series. The older 550 GT also made an appearance at the 2003 24 Hours of Le Mans in the ACO GT class but failed to finish due to technical problems.
In 2000, with financial support from some investors led by Stéphane Ratel, Italtecnica created another 550 race car meeting the more powerful GT regulations in the FIA GT Championship, the car being named 550 Millennio. The first car debuted in the 2000 FIA GT Championship season, entered by First Racing. The 2001 season saw two cars fielded by Team Rafanelli. The 550 Millennio was also developed to meet ACO LM-GTS regulations allowing Rafanelli to enter a single car in the 2002 American Le Mans Series season.
In November 2000, German entrepreneur and engineer Franz Wieth launched another racing version of the 550, developed by Baumgartner Sportwagen Technik, and named 550 GTS. Two cars were built, with Wieth Racing entering one in the 2001 FIA GT Championship, then again in 2003, 2004 and 2005. In 2006 the Wieth's Ferrari scored two wins in the Euro GT Series.
Commissioned by Frédéric Dor's company Care Racing Development, in 2001 Prodrive built a racing version of the 550 for various sports car series and especially the 24 Hours of Le Mans. Initially known as 550 GTO and then renamed 550 GTS (but not related to Wieth's project), a total of ten cars would be built over the next four years and campaigned by the Prodrive team as well as privateer customers. The cars were entirely built by Prodrive without any support from the Ferrari factory.
The factory Prodrive team would win two races in the 2001 FIA GT Championship debut. For 2002 the BMS Scuderia Italia team would take over in FIA GT, recording four wins, while the Prodrive squad would take a single win in the American Le Mans Series. 2003 would be the best year for the cars, as Prodrive won the GTS class at the 24 Hours of Le Mans and took second in the GTS class championship in the American Le Mans Series with four wins, while BMS Scuderia Italia gained the FIA GT championship winning eight races.
The Italian team would again take the FIA GT Championship crown in 2004, while Larbre Compétition won the GT1 class championship in the new Le Mans Series. BMS Scuderia Italia moved then to the Le Mans Series as well taking that championship for 2005. In the meantime Prodrive swithced to their next project, the Aston Martin DBR9, leaving the maintenance of the 550 GTS cars to Care Racing Development. Hitotsuyama Racing entered a car in the 2004 JGTC and 2005 Super GT seasons, then switched to the Japan Le Mans Challenge winning the GT1-class title in both 2006 and 2007 editions. In 2008 Argentinian Automóvil Club Argentina Team entered 2 Prodrive 550's, one of them scoring and achieving the fifth place in the Potrero de los Funes round. The last race of the 550 GTS was the 2009 FIA GT Paul Ricard 2 Hours where a car entered by French team Solution F achieved the seventh place.
In late 2003, Australian Nations Cup Championship team Mark Coffey Racing purchased a 550 GT from Team Rafanelli to run in the 2004 Australian Nations Cup Championship. The appearance of the V12 Ferrari in Australia was eagerly awaited by fans of the category and the car was to be driven by popular young Danish driver Allan Simonsen who prior to the championship had raced the car alongside David Brabham to win the Bahrain GT Festival. In what was a limited campaign (the car only raced at 4 of the 7 rounds), Simonsen finished 7th in the championship against cars such as the championship winning Lamborghini Diablo GTR, Chrysler Viper ACR, Porsche 911 GT2 and the controversial 7.0 litre Holden Monaros. Simonsen broke the class lap record and scored a race win in the first round of the season at the Adelaide Street Circuit.
Following the success of the Prodrive's 550 GTS, Ferrari would develop the 575 GTC racecar based on the 575M, offering it as a customer car for privateers.
The 5.5 L F133 V12 engine won the "over 4 litre" class of the International Engine of the Year award for 2000 and 2001.
The 550 Maranello is featured on the cover art and in the arcade racing game Need For Speed: High Stakes.
^ "Car and Driver Aston Martin V12 Vanquish vs Ferrari 550 Maranello Comparison Test" (PDF).
^ a b Artemi, Paolo (21 July 1996). "Ecco la nuova Ferrari 550, supercar per tutti i giorni" [Here's the new Ferrari 550, the everyday supercar]. Corriere della Sera (in Italian). p. 12. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
^ a b c d Fenu, Michele (21 July 1996). "Maranello, ecco la Ferrari del Duemila" [Maranello, here's the Ferrari of the 2000s]. La Stampa (in Italian). p. 10. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
^ a b Fenu, Michele (21 July 1996). "La linea? Bella e funzionale" [The body? Beautiful and functional]. La Stampa (in Italian). p. 10. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
^ "Road Test: Lamborghini Diablo 6.0 vs. Ferrari 550 Maranello". Motor Trend. August 2000. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
^ "Ferrari 550 Barchetta Pininfarina". Retrieved 18 May 2018.
^ "2001 Ferrari 550 Barchetta Pininfarina". Retrieved 18 May 2018.
^ "Pininfarina Ferrari Rossa". diseno-art.com. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
^ Joseph, Noah (29 October 2009). "Zagato marks the end of an era with custom Ferrari 550 GTZ Barchetta". autoblog. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
^ "2003 Ferrari 550 GT Italtecnica". supercars.net. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
^ "2004 Spec. Ferrari 550 XL Maranello Serial Number 108536". ferraris-online.com. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
^ "Ferrari's return to GT Racing". barchetta.cc. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
^ "Team Olive Garden returns with Ferrari 550". crash.net. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
^ "Ferrari 550 GTS Wieth Racing". barchetta.cc. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
^ "Rhino GT Series: c'è gloria anche per la 550 dei Wieth". motorsportblog.it (in Italian). Blogo.it. 18 April 2006. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
^ "Ferrari 550 GTS Maranello". ultimatecarpage.com. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
^ "2004 Bahrain GT FestivalDavid Brabham and Alan Simonsen - Ra... • 107633 Raffanelli 02 #0 • barchetta • StudioLine MediaCenter". Retrieved 29 December 2016.
^ "A-Z Supercars: Ferrari 550 Maranello". Evo.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ferrari 550.
In 1932, Ferdinand Porsche designed a Grand Prix racing car for the Auto Union company. The high power of the design caused one of the wheels to experience excessive wheel spin at any speed up to 160 km/h. In 1935, Porsche commissioned the engineering firm ZF to design a limited-slip differential to improve performance, the ZF sliding pins and cams became available, and one example was the Type B-70 for early VWs, although technically this was an automatic locking differential, not a limited-slip. The main advantage of a differential is demonstrated by considering the case of a standard differential in off-roading or snow situations where one wheel begins to slip. In such a case with a differential, the slipping or non-contacting wheel will receive the majority of the power. For example, the right tire might begin to spin as soon as 70 N·m of torque is placed on it, since it is on an icy surface. Meanwhile, the tire on the surface will simply spin, absorbing all of the actual power output. The advantages of LSD in high-power, rear wheel drive automobiles were demonstrated during the United States Muscle-Car era from the mid 1960s through the early 1970s, cars of this era normally were rear wheel drive and did not feature independent suspension for the rear tires.
With a live axle, when high torque is applied through the differential and this coined the term one wheel peel. As such, Muscle-Cars with LSD or posi were at an advantage to their wheel-spinning counterparts. Automotive limited-slip differentials all contain a few basic elements, all have a gear train that, like an open differential, allows the output shafts to spin at different speeds while holding the sum of their speeds proportional to that of the input shaft. Second, all have some sort of mechanism that applies a torque that resists the motion of the output shafts. There are many used to create this resisting torque. The type of differential typically gets its name from the design of this resisting mechanism. Examples include viscous and clutch-based LSDs, the amount of limiting torque provided by these mechanisms varies by design and is discussed in the article. A limited-slip differential has a more complex torque-split and should be considered in the case when the outputs are spinning the same speed, the torque difference between the two axles is called Trq d.
The Ferrari 456 and 456M are front-engined grand tourers which were produced by Ferrari from 1992 to 2003. The 456 was a replacement for the defunct front-engined 412 as the companys V12-powered four seater, the updated 456M, which was the last Ferrari model to use pop-up headlamps, was replaced in 2004 by the 612 Scaglietti. Pietro Camardella and Lorenzo Ramaciotti at Pininfarina designed the original 456 which was available in GT, the difference in name signifies the transmission, the former has a six-speed manual and the latter has a four-speed automatic developed in partnership with FF Developments, in Livonia, MI. This was only the automatic transmission ever offered by Ferrari. The 5.5 L 65° V12 engine was derived from the Dino V6 rather than the more conventional 60° V12s used in the 412 and it produced 442 PS with 4 valves per cylinder and Bosch Motronic M2.7 engine management. It could push the 1690 kg car and four passengers to 302 km/h making it the worlds fastest production four-seater, acceleration to 100 km/h was just 5.2 seconds, with a 13.4 second quarter-mile time.
At the time of its development it was the most powerful car ever developed by Ferrari. In 1996 engine was changed with Motronic M5.2 management, the name 456 is derived from the fact that each cylinder displaces 456 cubic centimeters. This was the last Ferrari to use this convention until the 488. Despite its supercar performance, the 456 has an unstressed engine. The chassis is a steel spaceframe construction with a one-piece composite bonnet. The body panels are welded to the chassis by using a special sandwich filler called feran that, approximately 3,289 of all versions were built. These consisted of the versions,456 GT,1,548,456 GTA,403, 456M GT,688. The Modificata 456M appeared in 1998, starting with chassis number 109589, many changes were made to improve aerodynamics and cooling, and the interior – still featuring Connolly Leather – was freshened with new seats and other conveniences. Some readily apparent changes can be seen in the two adjoining pictures, the 456 has a smaller grille with fog lights outside the grille.


Directory listings of Ann Taylor locations in and near OR, along with business hours and phone numbers. Find the top-rated local Ann Taylor opening and closing times and learn about .
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1001 Arney Road, Woodburn, OR 97071.


text:
Ubisoft Montreal | Nov 17, 2009
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Developer: Ubisoft Montreal
Publisher: Ubisoft Entertainment
Head back in time to the Italian Renaissance in Assassin's Creed 2.
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text:
c -*- Fortran -*-
c
c~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
c
c  Lithomop3d by Charles A. Williams
c  Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
c
c  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
c  a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
c  "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
c  without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
c  distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
c  permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
c  the following conditions:
c
c  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
c  included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
c
c  THE  SOFTWARE IS  PROVIDED  "AS  IS", WITHOUT  WARRANTY  OF ANY  KIND,
c  EXPRESS OR  IMPLIED, INCLUDING  BUT NOT LIMITED  TO THE  WARRANTIES OF
c  MERCHANTABILITY,    FITNESS    FOR    A   PARTICULAR    PURPOSE    AND
c  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
c  LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
c  OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,  ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
c  WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
c
c~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
c
c
      subroutine write_strscomp(stol,dtol,epert,kw,idout,ofile)
c
c...subroutine to write parameters controlling the stress integration
c
      include "implicit.inc"
c
c...  subroutine arguments
c
      double precision stol,dtol,epert
      integer kw,idout
      character ofile*(*)
c
c...  echo input to output file
c
      if(idout.gt.0) then
        open(kw,file=ofile,status="old",access="append")
        write(kw,700) stol,dtol,epert
        close(kw)
      end if
c
700   format(///' s t r e s s   i n t e g r a t i o n   ',
     & 'i n f o r m a t i o n'//,5x,
     & ' stress integration tolerance . . . . . . . (stol)  =',1pe15.8,
     & /,5x,
     & ' stress derivative tolerance. . . . . . . . (dtol)  =',1pe15.8,
     & /,5x,
     & ' maximum strain perturbation when computing',/,5x,
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Elevated ventilatory equivalents during exercise in patients with hyperventilation syndrome
Respiration. 1993;60(5):273-8. doi: 10.1159/000196215.
V L Kinnula 1 , A R Sovijärvi
1 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
DOI: 10.1159/000196215
In hyperventilation syndrome (HVS), hyperventilation is often provoked by exercise. This study was undertaken to investigate gas exchange parameters and their correlation to arterial blood gas values in HVS patients during exercise. Ventilatory equivalents for oxygen (VE/VO2) and carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) were significantly higher in HVS patients than in the controls. (VE/VO2) during light exercise (40-50 W) was 23.1 +/- 2.7 (n = 10) in the controls and 35.2 +/- 8.2 (n = 10) in the HVS group (p < 0.01). VE/VCO2 during light exercise was 30.0 +/- 3.3 in the controls and 41.8 +/- 6.0 in the HVS group (p < 0.01). In HVS, significantly correlations were observed between VE/VCO2 and PaCO2, and between VE/VO2 and PaCO2 during both light and maximal exercise (p < 0.02). The findings suggest that exercise testing can be used to aid HVS diagnosis without invasive arterial cannulation.
Carbon Dioxide / blood
Exercise Test*
Hyperventilation / diagnosis
Hyperventilation / physiopathology*
Oxygen / blood
Respiration / physiology*


• When will Paracetamol used?
• What are the side effects of Paracetamol?
• What should be considered when taking acetaminophen?
• Since when Paracetamol is known?
Most online pharmacies offer Paracetamol 500 mg. First read tips about purchasing drugs online in case you want to purchase Paracetamol online.
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Paracetamol is one of the most important drugs against pain and fever. It was developed in the US and Germany, and is now included in many medications. The non-opioid analgesics (analgesic) is generally well tolerated. After Ibuprofen preparations preparations with Paracetamol, the best-selling non-prescription painkillers are (prescription are packages with a maximum of ten grams of acetaminophen). Pregnancy and lactation are no exclusion criteria for the application. In accordance with reduced dosage, the pain and fever reducer can be given in principle at any age. Here you can read everything about the effect of Paracetamol, adverse reactions and applications.
The exact mechanism of pain and fever agent is not known until today. But scientific studies showed several potentially be enhancing effects on the body, which explain the analgesic and antipyretic effect.
Unlike the active ingredients also used as a pain and fever reducer and pain mediation play a role. Non-acidic non-opioid analgesics such as acetaminophen have only a poor anti-inflammatory effect, but a good antipyretic effect.
Paracetamol influenced also on the endocannabinoid system, which conveys calming and analgesic effects, and the serotonin system. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter of the nervous system (neurotransmitters), which fulfills multiple functions. Among other things, acts on the serotonin cardiovascular system, blood clotting, and the gastrointestinal tract and in the brain plays an important role as a "happiness hormone".
In the current research other mechanisms of action of pain and fever agent yet to be discussed.
The maximum concentration in the blood is achieved by oral ingestion of the active ingredient after 30 to 60 minutes, for rectal administration (suppositories) after three to four hours. The time until the drug is metabolized and excreted half of the liver, is one to four hours (half-life). The excretion of the active ingredient is inactivated through the kidneys.
Paracetamol is used for pain and fever, sometimes in combination with other analgesic drugs (such as acetylsalicylic acid = ASA or codeine).
Normally, it takes only a short time to use. In certain cases, however, prescribe a long-term use of the doctor.
In the occasional ingestion against mild pain as the drug is used mainly in tablet form.
Especially for use in children, toddlers and infants are acetaminophen suppositories. This can usually be applied without problems, whereas tablets by children are often regurgitated. In addition, toddlers and infants are often not yet in a position to take a tablet with a drink of water – they choke on them often. For each age group, partly classified in terms of body weight, there are special low-dose Paracetamol preparations.
Especially because of the antipyretic effect of Paracetamol is used for colds and flu.
Doctors administer to their patients the drug sometimes as a syringe (injection).
Combination preparations such as Paracetamol plus aspirin, acetaminophen plus codeine or the triple combination of acetaminophen, aspirin and caffeine (for the treatment of tension headaches and easily migraines) show a better analgesic effect than the single agents.
Paracetamol side effects are relatively rare and usually due to existing underlying diseases.
At low-dose, long-term use, it can happen, paradoxically, that Paracetamol causes headaches ("analgesic headache"). It must then be discontinued.
In high-dose, long-term use and in single Paracetamol overdose liver damage can be expected. The liver can no longer fulfill its role as detoxification organ – one also speaks of a Paracetamol poisoning, showing the typical signs of liver failure. From an overdose of Paracetamol is called from a single dose of six grams or more.
What should be considered when taking acetaminophen?
The pain and fever reducer must not be used in severe liver and kidney damage, a certain enzyme deficiency (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency) and excessive alcohol consumption (alcoholism). The same applies in case of hypersensitivity (allergy) to the active substance.
With regard to young patients (children), pregnant and lactating women is little concern with short-term, low-dose application. For application and dosage a doctor or pharmacist should be consulted.
Because of the Paracetamol active ingredient is like alcohol metabolized by the liver, occurs in alcoholics and people with a high consumption of alcohol in a double burden of detoxification organ, which can not always be compensated. In these patients, the painkiller can trigger. In general should be avoided during administration of acetaminophen alcohol.
Up to a total of ten grams per drug package (tablets) is the painkiller in Germany available without a prescription at the pharmacy. Paracetamol suppositories are not affected by this rule due to the slower uptake of active compound.
Higher-dose tablets and injectable solutions are subject to prescription.
Since when Paracetamol is known?
Paracetamol related substances have been since 1886 investigated (acetanilide) due to its analgesic and antipyretic effect. On the basis of set of US chemists Harmon Northrop Morse at Johns Hopkins University in 1877 for the first time the substance Paracetamol ago. The optimization of the active ingredient of acetanilide over phenacetin to Paracetamol achieved through targeted development of the molecular structure. Acetaminophen and phenacetin were indeed in 1887 the first clinically tested by the German physician Joseph von Mering. First, however, phenacetin was found better, why Paracetamol initially fell into oblivion. 1947 David Lester and Leon could Greenberg show that phenacetin to Paracetamol is metabolized and as effective as it is.


MXQ-PRO, with this video you will be able to repair your Android Tv Box, when you get red led, black screen or you are stocked in the logo.
Check your WIFI chip to download the right file.
RTL8188 Realtek +USB burning tool. here! RTL8189 Realtek USB burning tool. here!
Hold the rest button located inside the AV port, then connect the power and the USB cable. (HOLD the reset button the whole time) You will need a pen or pin to push in the reset button as in the image bellow.
Connect your MXQ 4K to your PC with a USB to USB also connect the power cable.
You can now release the reset button as the device should now be in recovery mode.
I managed to get file downloaded, had to switch browsers, used opera. my MXQ PRO 4K is up and running again thank you very much.
I'm glad your box TV is Fix!
I have mxqpro 4K with version 6.1 android . Can it be upgrade to 7.1 and what firmware require. Thanks.
Hola tengo uno que no tiene REALTEK .posee SCL s9082c que al iniciar queda en recovery sistem v5.0 que puedo hacer ?
What version of MXQ pro you have?
hello there, use the software I use on the video and re upload the firmware.
I have a MXQ PRO 4K S905 P201 – 2 GB RAM +16 GB ROM. Please help me to find a firmware for that.
Hey Thanks for the guide – the flashing was sucsesfull but gets stuck on loading with the new "MXQPRO" screen.
ive left if for 5 minutes and still no change.
Any ideas how i can resolve this? I have the 8188 file as identified on the WiFi chip.
when i use MXQ_PRO_rtl8188.img and the licence, no keys appear the USB flashing tool. But when i do the same with MXQ-PRO_ENT.img keys appear.
The unit flashes OK But it gets stuck on the "MXPRO" loading screen.
I have a 8188 WiFi chip.
I update the page, Now we have the realtek software for the USB burning tool.
Hello Dennis, try it in another PC, that may resolve the problem.
Hola, mi tv box MXq pro 4k el chip dice 8180, le puedo instalar cualquiera de la 8188 o 8189??
ya baje las dos versiones y las instale pero la compu no reconoce el USB, que puedo hacer ?? o que estoy haciendo mal??
sir mxq pro 4k android 6.0 amlogic s905x help me?
I have Mxq pro 4k ram 1 8g.and it stuck in Android logo screen. And I tried to reset it. But it didn't work. What is the solution?
I'm having problems with updating my MXQ PRO 4K I brought this box from amazon back in Aug. 2016, it worked fine no problems for a year until I put it for about 8 mouths out of being use just recently went to use it not allowing me to open up any movies on KODI or YOUTUPE and MOBDRO so I figure it need to be updated because it's telling me to update time and date even when on the top right corner of home screen clearly I'm seeing the correct time and date. Please if someone can help me with this problem weather walk me through in fixing this or I'll can send it to you .
my mxq pro box has a ship different than the one you have here,my ship is s9083c,what should i do?
sir I have msq pro 4k amlogic s905xq-v1.0 (2016.08.11) my box has a wifi connectivity issue if connects then reboot itself please suggest me what to do with this. should it upgrade to nougat 7.1 android version.
Hai dario I have a MXQ PRO 4K . with Amlogic S905x but the wifi chip is SV6051P . Couldnt find a firmware with wifi working for that. every firmware i tried which are not compatible with wifi driver.I was wondering if you could help finding the correct and updated firmware for that?
buegonosdias dario. tengajaro una caja mxq-4k.pero no es mxq-4k pro.trate de bajar el firmware update pero ciempre que lo esta bajando me dice error.y no lo baja.por favor alludeme por que la caja se queda en la misma pantalla.gracias….
I have a mxq pro box with p281 bootloader, cpu is unknown but while boot it display amlogic s905x logo and cpu-z app shows arm a53 1.20ghz cpu. Has 2gb ram and 16gb storage. Android 7.1.2.
My problem is it stuck at boot. It shows mbox logo after amlogic s905x logo. I need stock firmware to recover that box, but i didn't find compatible firmware for my box so can you help me where i can find firmware for my box, my box configuration look odd so i can't find right firmware for it. Please can you tell where i will check for right firmware. Thanks.
I am facing problem on MXQ Pro 4K tv box, problem is not show program but recovery option come. I have factory reset but no result same showing recovery option. How can I solve the problem. Can I get firmware link?


LONDON, 15 APRIL 2019 – ieDigital was today shortlisted in two categories at the Credit Awards 2019. The categories are 'Excellence in open banking' and 'Best rebrand'. The winners will be announced by host Jimmy Carr on 16 May at London's Grosvenor House Hotel.
Excellence in Open Banking – Open banking platform, lender or technology firm which has designed a solution, innovation or platform that either: opens up more services to consumers and businesses; allows easier access for third party providers; or enables increased compliance with regulations and a broadening of service offerings. The winning entry will recognise an innovation or excellence in open banking and PSD2.
Best Rebrand – Any organisation from any sector, including commissioning organisations, PR agencies and marketing consultancies. The winning entry will showcase a range of media to promote the rebrand. Mediums could include print, broadcast, online advertising, merchandising and other marketing offerings.
In 2018, ieDigital integrated its Digital Debt Collection service, Interact Collect, with open banking APIs, enabling end users to automatically feed their transaction data into an Income & Expenditure review. This provided them with an instant summary of what they can afford to pay, and translated this into a debt repayment plan for each month. Initial reports were positive, with users saying the tool was "more motivational and educational, and less intrusive".
The tool uses Interact's API Gateway, which enables ieDigital's clients to tap into the data that has been made available by registered open banking players.
The business case is impressive. For example, undertaking an Income & Expenditure review over the phone takes, on average, 40 minutes. By moving this online and integrating it with open banking APIs, ieDigital is driving a huge saving in contact centre time, and offering a vastly superior customer experience.
ieDigital repositioned itself in a competitive financial software technology marketplace in 2018, creating a refreshed proposition, target market and overall vision. The company changed its name to ieDigital, which yielded immediate results for brand recall, and promoted its heritage as well as its cutting edge as a digital-first innovator. Since the rebrand, ieDigital's organic search traffic increased threefold, and brand confidence improved across a website rebuild that included an increase in content production, as well as social media visibility and engagement.
ieDigital provides financial service organisations with the ability to transform their digital customer experience. We do this through Interact, our powerful software platform, whose prebuilt components enable our clients to quickly deliver customised solutions to market.
By integrating into any core banking system and fintech ecosystem, we combine the functionality to improve the customer experience, accelerate growth, optimise cost efficiency and manage risk.
We are the chosen partner to four of the UK's five largest banks, and have deployed Interact in 28 countries. We were recognised as one of the world's "most significant providers" in the Q3 2017 Forrester Wave for Digital Banking Engagement Platforms, offering "a well-defined Digital Banking Platform that supports Corporate Banking, Private Banking and excels in Retail Banking".
ieDigital is privately owned and has more than 100 employees. Its head office can be found on the London riverside, with further offices in Frankfurt, Dubai and Sydney.
Tom Healy looks at how Google Analytics for Firebase works for ieDigital mobile development.


text:
← No Man Is an Island…
FUBAR Love Triangle →
Mary Walker and Her Knickerbockers
Posted on July 2, 2016	by arwenbicknell
Late posting, again. This time I lagged because I was off on a business retreat where colleagues and I talked about fun things like serial commas, loaded language, the best way to cite weird and complicated documents in bibliographies, and how to make Word and InDesign your formatting bitches. Then I came home to a proof copy of my book waiting for me to go through it and find all the horrible gaffes I missed in previous versions. So that's this weekend's project.
First, though, some history!
This week in 1872, Washington, D.C. had a special form of celebrity striding along its boulevards. She was so well known that contemporary newspaper accounts only referred to her as "Dr. Walker." And yet, she is virtually unknown today. Odds are you've heard of Susan B. Anthony. If you read Karen Abbott's book, you've heard of Emma Edmonds. If you read my book when it comes out, you'll know about Victoria Woodhull. So how many of you have heard of Mary Edwards Walker?
Honestly, the argument could be made that Dr. Walker was more of a badass and a way more useful human being than any of the other women mentioned above. She was a doctor, she was an abolitionist, and she's still the only woman ever to win the Medal of Honor.
Part of the credit for her accomplishments must be given to her parents for her upbringing. Her mom raised her to know that women can—nay, should—pitch in with the men on hard farm labor, and her dad demonstrated that men are capable of whipping up as good a beef stew as any woman's. Her parents were also responsible for founding the first free school house in Oswego, N.Y., in the late 1830s. When she was old enough, Mary taught school so she could pay her way through Syracuse Medical College, graduating with honors as a medical doctor in 1855. Naturally, she was the only woman in her class. And a fat lot of good it did her. Most people in those days didn't think much of lady doctors, so her practice failed. Didn't stop her, though.
She also took a dim view of women's fashion—corsets were bad for the respiration; long skirts and petticoats were not only cumbersome, they were unhygienic, spreading dust and dirt. Dr. Walker wore trousers from an early age. It's interesting that there's more commentary on her disdain for women's fashion than just about anything else; she herself wrote two books on the issue. And it's possible (though not necessarily probable) that if she had dressed more traditionally, she might have been taken more seriously in other areas.
In any event, this progressive was also (surprise!) an ardent abolitionist and suffragist. At the beginning of the American Civil War, she volunteered for the Union Army as a civilian, and was allowed to sign on—as a nurse. She served at the First Manassas and worked as an unpaid field surgeon near the front lines at the Battle of Fredericksburg and in Chattanooga. Apparently a supporter of women masquerading as men so they could serve as soldiers, Walker applied in 1862 to serve as a spy for the Union, but was declined. (The interwebz seem to indicate she did serve as a spy at some point, however.) In 1863, she became the first female surgeon employed by the U.S. Army Surgeon, later being appointed assistant surgeon of the 52nd Ohio Infantry. During her service, she frequently crossed battle lines and treated civilians. She was captured in 1864 by Confederate troops, arrested as a spy,and imprisoned for four months in Richmond, Virginia, until her release as part of a prisoner exchange. After the war, she was recommended by Generals William Tecumseh Sherman and George Henry Thomas for the highest U.S. Armed Forces decoration for bravery, the Medal of Honor, and approved by President Andrew Johnson.
The war having dealt with abolition, Walker hopped on the women's suffrage bandwagon. She'd actually been preaching this well before most of her peers, and led the way in the argument that women already had the right to vote, and Congress needed only to enact enabling legislation. She attempted to register to vote in 1871, but was turned away. When it was clear Walker's argument was getting them nowhere, the movement changed course and promoted the adoption of a constitutional amendment. Walker, unwilling or unable to change her position to gain the advantage, fell out of favor with the majority of her former sisters.
(As an aside, it's fascinating—and more than a little depressing—to read the old news clippings about suffrage meetings and events. Even setting aside the somewhat sexist slant of most editors of the time, the women's movement does appear to have been greatly hindered by what might be considered traditionally feminine shortcomings. In much the same way we have Mommy Wars today, so did the suffragists struggle with infighting and women undercutting one another to serve their own personal agendas. 150 years and we still can't get out of each other's way about skirt lengths, bottle-feeding, working outside the home, or anything else. Are these really the issues we should be focusing on to judge each other? Sheesh!)
Clothing continued to be a cause for Dr. Walker. Newspapers in 1872 discussed how the U.S. Commission of Patents would not allow her "military costume" to be included "in the glass cabinet containing the garments of Washington and Lincoln … as an historic relic for the inspection of future generations!" adding that "the breeches are said to be much admired." In other clips, the "Dr. Mary Walker style is the prevailing fashion for bathing suits," and she is reported as appearing "on the streets of Washington in Dolly Varden coat and pants. She looked jaunty though." I think my favorite retort of hers was, "I do not wear men's clothing. I wear my own clothing." She was reportedly arrested on a few occasions for impersonating a man. (She's not the only one. Plenty of women were arrested for violating anti-cross-dressing laws over the years.)
In 1917, Congress dealt Dr. Walker a dirty blow, although she was likely just collateral damage. Lawmakers created a pension act for Medal of Honor recipients, leading the Army to review eligibility for inclusion on its Medal of Honor Roll and changing the rules to require "active combat." As a result, the review board chopped Walker from the list, along with 910 other people (including Buffalo Bill Cody). But she wasn't ordered to return her medal, and she continued to wear it until her death two years later in 1919 (when she was buried in a black suit). Her medal was restored posthumously in 1977.
There are a number of books about Walker. Pick one up, and learn more about one of your foremothers!
This entry was posted in History, Uncategorized. Bookmark the permalink.
@Benography @JohnBick1960 Oh, I am ashamed I missed that one!! 1 month ago
@stophatred2 @DDBoarman @craigdaliessio @taraleecarlson @McAllisterDen Interesting. My intention was more to point… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 1 month ago
@stophatred2 @DDBoarman @craigdaliessio @taraleecarlson @McAllisterDen Yes. Doesn't defining bigotry and labeling s… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 1 month ago
@stophatred2 @DDBoarman @craigdaliessio @taraleecarlson @McAllisterDen So, what you're doing here is treating her w… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 1 month ago
@katherine77 youtu.be/dSRQfF0tGi4 1 month ago


Established in 1998 Batecool has developed a good reputation in all aspects of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning industry (HVAC). Batecool endeavours to offer an honest and competitive solution to modern heating and cooling applications. Our main activities are involved with small to large applications, within the domestic, commercial and industrial sectors.


Pizza for Two is Piers' journey. How tragedy transforms a somewhat dissolute youth into a responsible man when Nicole hires him as a delivery person for the flagging pizzeria she runs.
Piers' privileged background has not prepared him to live with no job, hunger and the specter of living on the street.
Nicole, who has secrets of her own, is desperate to find a worker and hires Piers deliberately not asking for references.
While Piers takes on the task of developing a successful business, Nicole's heart leads her on the rocky road of love.
When Piers helps her find the child that was forcibly taken away from her, happiness is in sight.
Born and raised in France, I wrote my first novel at age twelve. In order to see it in print, albeit hand-written print, I founded a newspaper for the lycée I attended. It was instant success.
I sold my first romance short story at age sixteen, which helped fund dance lessons. Later, I went on to write novellas and short stories for magazines. Emigrating to Canada was my husband Michael's dream. It was also was mine as I wanted to experience first hand the life of the Inuit and their amazing dogs. Dogs are another of my passions. However, due to circumstances, we ended up in a tiny Prairie town where I was suddenly transported back to pioneer times. Fortunately, I had been a Girl Scout, and I wasn't phased at having to cut blocks of ice for water. And like many a pioneer woman, I had a toddler and a babe in arms. From the prairies we moved to the Canadian Arctic, which forever holds a special place in my heart.


RTsoft Forums > Official Robinson Technologies Forums > RTsoft Tavern > Angel wings!
View Full Version : Angel wings!
at valentine there will be a new design on angelwings, golden touch right?
This belongs in Growtopia. This is the RT Tavern we're in.


text:
Shortepa District
Shortepa (also Shor Tappeh, population 36,000) is a small district in Balkh Province, Afghanistan. It is situated along the Amu Darya river, close to the border with Uzbekistan. The main village is Shor Tappeh (coord|37.3361|N|66.8200|E|) at 274 m altitude.
* [http://www.aims.org.af/maps/district/balkh/shortepa.pdf Map of Shortepa] (PDF)
Best Of.... Volume II
Ixlu
District d'Afghanistan — Districts de Afghanistan. Les provinces d Afghanistan sont divisés en Wolaswalei (Pashto: ولسوالۍ) ou districts. Le nombre de districts en Afghanistan a fluctué au fil des ans, avec de nouveaux districts créés par scission ou fusion des parties… … Wikipédia en Français
Nawa-I-Barakzayi District — Not to be confused with Nawa District. Coordinates: 31°22′59″N 64°18′00″E / 31.383°N 64.3°E / 31.383; 64.3 … Wikipedia
Asadabad District — is one of 15 districts in Kunar Province, Afghanistan. It includes the city of Asadabad the district center, close the Kunar River. It is situated in the central part of the province. It has 12 big and small villages, which are surrounded by… … Wikipedia
Chahar Dara District — (also known as Char Dara, Chahar Darreh or Char Darreh) is one of the seven districts in Kunduz Province in northern Afghanistan. It is situated in the south west part of Kunduz Province and has borders with Qalay I Zal District to the north west … Wikipedia
Kandahar District — is situated in the central part of Kandahar Province, Afghanistan, surrounding the city of Kandahar. It borders with Panjwai District to the west, Arghandab District to the north, Shah Wali Kot District to the northeast and Daman District to the… … Wikipedia
Nijrab District — Country Afghanistan Region Kapisa Province … Wikipedia
Dawlat Shah District — is located approximately 74 km from Mehterlam, the provincial centre of Laghman Province. It is a mountainous district and borders Nuristan Province to the North and North East, Alingar District to the East, Alishing District to the South… … Wikipedia
Malestan District — Malistan is a district in the west of Ghazni Province, Afghanistan. Its population, which is 100% Hazara, was estimated at 71,784 in 2003.[1] The district capital is Meradina. Contents 1 History 2 Security … Wikipedia
Murghab District — For the district in Tajikistan, see Murghob district. Murghab district Murghab District … Wikipedia
Maywand District — A depiction of Maiwand during the 1878 British operations there. Maiwand District is situated in the western part of the Kandahar Province, Afghanistan. It borders Helmand Province to the west, Ghorak District to the north, Khakrez District to… … Wikipedia


text:
March 2014 /
Artist to Watch: Kyle Butler
By Nancy J. Parisi
Photo by Nancy J. Parisi
Editor's note: Kyle Butler's works can be seen at Hallwalls Contemporary Art Center March 14 - May 2
Art heroes?
Stuart Sherman, Sun Ra, Sol LeWitt, Sarah Lucas, Annie Dillard, Erich Fromm, Erik Satie, plus a dozen or so other canonical figures in no particular order. My family and friends trump their influence on any given day.
Professionally since I graduated from grad school. I started my art major in 2006; I did my undergrad at Central Michigan University.
What is it like being an artist in Western New York?
There are plenty of opportunities, and with the cost of living here, it's easy to be an artist—more than anywhere else. This is a more established art and theater scene than in many places, and that's an asset. They are things that you would expect from a larger city. And here we have nice proximity to Toronto and New York City, just a train ride away. And I also like being in a place that's not necessarily a primary cultural center; there's a certain amount of liberation in that.
What is the last piece of art that you created?
It was a painting for a show at Nina Freudenheim, following in line with a body of work first shown there in my solo show in January 2013 called Dead in the Eye, Strait in the Face, Square in the Jaw. It's a fabricated, gestural abstract painting meant to look like it's off the cuff and improvised, but it's planned out and labored over. I've also just made a chain link contortion piece—waves of cut pieces of chain link fencing on a low wooden base, approximately three-by-six-feet.
Is your studio neat and tidy, or a disheveled mess?
It's disheveled, but it's kind of organic; I have places for things. I get fed up with the mess and I clean up, but if I am not in the state of mind to clean, the place kind of falls apart.
Framed or unframed?
Framed. But I wouldn't want to suggest that for others. The drawings that I do are delicate so I would be nervous if they were not framed. There's a lot of negative space, and the usage of the pencil is pretty slight, so they are easily damaged. I also want to protect the integrity of the surface of the piece. I hate framing but I think it's necessary; for the drawings it seems to make sense.