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Coronavirus COVID-19: Important Health & Safety
Updated: Tuesday, 17th January 2022
Dear families, staff and guests of TSH,
Telethon Speech & Hearing regards the safety of our team, our families, our students/clients and guests who access our services as our highest priority. As such, we want to take every precaution to limit the spread of Coronavirus.
This is an everchanging environment with new information released daily. We will continue to look at ways to support our families and clients in any way possible.
If you have any concerns please do not hesitate to contact us. We will keep you informed as new information arises through this challenging time.
Accessing our services and programs
RESUMPTION OF SERVICES Telethon Speech & Hearing has recommenced its face-to-face therapy sessions, clinical appointments and classroom programs with additional health and safety measures in place to keep everyone safe.
We continue to work with the State and Federal Governments (Department of Health, Department of Education, and the National Disability Insurance Agency) along with our industry associations to run our programs in a safe environment for all to thrive.
TEMPORARY RESTRICTIONS IN PLACE
Premier Mark McGowan and the WA State Government have put in place a temporary lockdown from Tuesday, 29th June 2021 until Saturday, 3rd July 2021.
In line with these restrictions, Telethon Speech & Hearing will implement additional safety measures from today, with the aim to minimise contact as much as possible.
Direct communications from our team by email and SMS will be sent to families regarding how our services and programs will be delivered during this time, and the options available to your child and family. Please keep an eye on your email inboxes for the most current information from us.
If you have any additional concerns about your family's health and safety at Telethon Speech & Hearing, please contact our team for support.
From Tuesday 29th June 2021, Telethon Speech & Hearing will put in place the following measures with the aim to minimise contact as much as possible. A summary is below, but is subject to change based on advice from the Government of Western Australia:
Our schools programs will continue for the remainder of the week
Our non-school and language support programs will be contacted directly for options
Our clinics will be rescheduled for today and the remainder of the week we will seek to go on-line
We will introduce a kiss and drop in the mornings and pick up from the gate in the afternoons from Wembley
We will reschedule all school visits for our audiology and Hear Now services
All parent-teacher meetings planned should be rescheduled to Term 3
Cleaning during the day will resume for the days our school programs operate at Wembley.
Direct communications from TSH by email and SMS will be sent to families regarding any options available to your family.
Please keep an eye on your email inboxes for the most current information from us. If you have concerns about your family's health and safety at TSH, please contact us.
Teletherapy services now available Additionally, teletherapy for speech pathology, auditory-verbal therapy, audiology and occupational therapy is now available online. We are using tele-based methods so families can access services from home. Click here for more details around our teletherapy services and how your family can access these today.
Telethon Speech & Hearing is an Independent School, as well as a therapy provider and a health provider. As such we are registered under and are answerable to the Department of Education and Department of Health. We operate under the auspice of the Minister and for this particular situation are only able to close under directive from the Department of Health.
As per the Prime Minister's statement (released 20 March 2020) regarding gatherings, schools and travel restrictions, the National Cabinet has accepted the advice of the AHPPC that schools should remain open at this time.
As such, additional teletherapy and remote learning options are now in place so families can continue to access essential services from home.
For the week commencing 18 May 2020:
With schools returning across WA and the increased calls for face-to-face sessions in our clinics, TSH is seeking to limit the number of people onsite to ensure the safety of everyone at our centre. Some of the measures in place include:
Temporarily limiting parental/guardian access to one person with each child
Conducting parent interviews over the phone or on-line using Teams
Staggering the resumption of the face-to-face delivery of our Audiology, Speech Pathology, Occupational Therapy and Psychology services.
Ensuring all payments are through contactless means
Asking parents to keep sick children away, inform us of any illness in their family, inform us of any contact with a COVID-19 case, and talk to their doctor if their child has any medical condition prior to returning
Continuing to action thorough cleaning of equipment and rooms
Providing staff with suitable PPE where this is appropriate to the role, and ensuring rigid hygiene protocols are followed
For our group-related programs, a number of considered measures are in place to help keep families safe and ensure education continues for our children. Direct communications from TSH by email and SMS will be given to families depending on their current situation whether face-to-face or online sessions are available.
Please keep an eye out on your email inboxes for the most current information from us. If you have any concerns about your family's health and safety at TSH, please contact us.
For helpful information around discussing Coronavirus with your child, click here (from the Telethon Kids Institute).
POSTPONEMENT OF SERVICES
Effective from 6pm tonight, Sunday, 31 January 2021 until 6pm Friday, 5 February, the Perth metropolitan area and the Peel and South West regions will enter a 5-day lockdown, based on health advice.
These measures are being implemented by the WA State Government due to a fast evolving situation in Western Australia with the positive COVID-19 case detected in a hotel quarantine worker.
In line with these measures, TSH is postponing services until Monday 8 February 2021. This includes class-based, groups services and individual/one-on-one assessments. An official SMS and email message has been communicated to all affected families.
Our management team will meet daily to review what is happening with the Government's announcements and communicate directly with all families as this situation evolves.
For anyone seeking further information about how this postponement will affect your child and family, please get in contact with us at speech@tsh.org.au / 9387 9888.
For additional information regarding the fast evolving situation in Western Australia regarding COVID-10, please visit the official WA Health website: https://www.wa.gov.au/government/covid-19-coronavirus.
RESUMPTION OF SERVICES
Telethon Speech & Hearing will resume services from Monday 8 February 2021. Our team look forward to welcoming families back to our centre.
In line with WA Health restrictions, we will be putting the following measures in place to help keep you safe:
QR codes will be placed in each entrance to every building for SAFE WA. We ask that you scan in whenever you come on the grounds.
We will stagger school commencement times to limit the numbers of people at Wembley. This will be conveyed to you by the relevant TSH staff member shortly.
We will welcome parents at TSH. We recognise that this is an important part of our service delivery. However, all parents will need to wear masks at all times.
We also ask that only one parent per child attends for this initial week.
We have put a number of measures in place to support the physical distancing requirements.
Parents and children may be asked to be temperature checked (non-contact) before entering the classroom as a precaution (as our team will be too).
We ask that parents keep their child home if you, they, or someone in your household is feeling unwell.
Our staff (including Teachers, EAs, and Therapists) will need to wear masks at all times, except when they are delivering in a classroom, therapy group or playgroup.
As well as additional hand sanitisation dispensers, we have put a range of additional cleaning protocols in place to ensure your child's safety.
For further support from our team, please feel free to reach out to any TSH team member when onsite, or by phone, 9387 9890 or via email using speech@tsh.org.au.
Thank you, again, for your patience and support. We look forward to seeing you soon.
Telethon Speech & Hearing will resume services from Monday 5 July 2021. Our team look forward to welcoming families back to our centre.
Asking families to only have ONE adult accompany children during their appointment.
Parents and individuals over 12 years of age will need to wear masks at all times.
We have put a number of measures in place to support physical distancing requirements.
For additional information regarding COVID-19, please visit the official WA Health website: https://www.wa.gov.au/government/covid-19-coronavirus.
Download the ServiceWA app
From 5 December 2020, particular businesses must maintain contact registers for WA Health Department COVID-19 contact tracing, if required.
If COVID-19 is detected in the WA community, contact registers help to protect us all by enabling the WA Health Contact Team to quickly identify and assist anyone that may have been exposed to COVID-19.
To help, the WA Government has developed a free app, SafeWA, which will provide businesses with a digital contact register system.
SafeWA is an efficient and safe way to record patron and visitor contact details where they can check-in using the app.
Download the SafeWA app from the Apple App Store or the Google Play Store now.
The ServiceWA app is a mobile application provided by the WA Government to help connect with WA State Government services.
The ServiceWA app allows you to activate and access the following WA Government services in one place:
SafeWA –for individuals checking in at WA businesses, venues and events.
Import COVID-19 digital certificate – for secure presentation of your proof of vaccination or exemption on demand.
G2G Pass – to access your travel passes when you travel into WA.
Click here to visit the WA Government website for more details about ServiceWA including a step-by-step guide for setting up the app.
Australia is working hard to ensure we all have access to safe, effective and free COVID-19 vaccines, which will give us the protection to go about our everyday lives.
The COVID-19 vaccines are being assessed carefully by independent clinical experts to ensure all potential vaccines meet Australia's high safety and quality standards. After vaccines are approved, they will be rolled out, going to those most in need of protection first.
To keep up to date visit: health.gov.au
Telethon Speech & Hearing advises that all families seek medical advice from their GP/doctor regarding their personal circumstances in relation to the COVID-19 vaccine.
National coronavirus and COVID-19 vaccine hotline
If you need information about COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccines or help with the COVIDSafe app, call the telephone number listed below. If you need assistance with booking a COVID-19 vaccine appointment, please note the call centre is unable to book appointments on your behalf.
Email: COVID-19 vaccine enquiries
NDIS support
The NDIS has recently published information in an Easy Read format on the NDIS website, about their response to the coronavirus (COVID-19).
This includes releasing a pack about Early Childhood Early intervention to put all the information for children aged 0 to 6 years in one place to make it easier to find. This pack is designed to help parents and carers think about your child's plan.
They have also published translated versions of helpful information about coronavirus (COVID-19) in five different languages.
A number of frequently asked questions and answers are also available on the NDIS website and are updated as more information is available.
Hygiene recommendations
Use the alcohol-based hand sanitiser when entering/exiting the centre and rooms.
Wash your hands frequently with soap and water, before and after eating, and after going to the toilet.
Cover your cough and sneeze, dispose of tissues, and use alcohol-based hand sanitiser.
Avoid contact with others in the centre (touching, kissing, hugging and other intimate contact).
Feeling unwell?
Particularly at this time, we ask that all children who are not feeling well are kept at home. While that illness may have nothing to do with the virus, we are trying to limit any susceptibility to it.
If you or your child is feeling unwell, please follow the government's recommendations and eligibility around testing for coronavirus. Please also do not come into our centres until a negative test result is confirmed and you are feeling better.
Please be aware of the signs of coronavirus. Symptoms include shortness of breath or cough, with or without a fever. In some cases, the virus can cause severe pneumonia. From what we know now about COVID-19, the symptoms can start between 2 and 14 days from exposure to the virus.
The WA State Government announced specialist clinics would open to cater for testing COVID-19 for those who displayed symptoms and have recently returned from overseas.
Protect others and stop the spread
We can all help slow the spread of COVID-19 in Australia.
To protect others you must:
practise good hygiene
practise social distancing
follow the limits for public gatherings
understand how to self-isolate if you need to
If you have a confirmed case, you must isolate yourself to stop the virus spreading to other people.
The Government of Western Australia has declared a State of Emergency and a Public Health Emergency in response to COVID-19 coronavirus. As per advice from HealthyWA, you should:
stay at home if unwell and if you are experiencing flu-like symptoms get tested for COVID-19.
practise social distancing (keep at least 1.5 metres or two arms lengths from each other)/
practise good personal hygiene (wash hands often with soap and water, or hand sanitiser and cover coughs and sneezes with a tissue or use your elbow).
Download the ServiceWA app (external site).
be aware of new rules that apply in WA (external site).
Self-isolation requirements Effective March 24, the WA Government will implement new restrictions and arrival requirements to travel to WA from other Australian States and Territories — by road, rail, air and sea — in response to COVID-19. Unless exempted, arrivals from interstate will be ordered to self-isolate for 14 days.
The Prime Minister has announced that as of 12.00am 16 March (AEST) all people returning from international travel must self-isolate for 14 days after the date of return to Australia. Self-isolation does not apply to other members of the household who have not travelled overseas.
From Saturday, 5th February 2022, WA will embark on its Safe Transition and ease interstate and international borders. Find out more about entering and travelling around WA, and quarantine requirements from the WA Government website.
The WA Department of Health issues official directions around Western Australia's borders:
Controlled Border for Western Australia
Miscellaneous including:
exempt travellers
exemptions for presentation for testing
FIFO workers
flight crews
Indian Ocean Territories
rigs and platforms
transport, freight and logistics.
WA is in a safe and sensible controlled border arrangement, based on public health advice.
Interstate travel is permitted into and around WA, depending on where travellers have come from and who they've had contact with in the 14 days prior to travel. They are also subject to conditions, including completing a G2G PASS declaration prior to entry.
WA's Chief Health Officer continues to closely monitor community transmission in other states and territories, and will advise the WA Government if any changes to our borders are required to keep Western Australians protected.
Most regional travel restrictions in WA were removed on Friday, 5 June 2020.
Travel is now permitted throughout all regions within WA, except for entry into remote Aboriginal communities.
Western Australians are encouraged to 'Wander out Yonder' and take a different kind of holiday, enjoy a staycation in Perth or travel to new places, and seek out new experiences across the state.
As per 17 July 2020:
Effective immediately, anyone coming into WA who has come from, or has travelled through, Victoria in the last 14 days will be directed to hotel quarantine at their own expense.
Legislation will soon be introduced into State Parliament to enable this to occur.
As another precaution, there are now specific rules which will apply to travellers from New South Wales. For more information see Travel to WA.
Reference: Government of Western Australia
From 18 May, some travel restrictions will be relaxed as part of WA's COVID-19 roadmap.
During Phase 2, social distancing, good hygiene and the 4sqm rule apply to all activities. For detailed information please refer to the Government of Western Australia website.
The Prime Minister announced further measures and restrictions to slow the transmission of COVID-19. This includes public gatherings, excluding household members, have been reduced to a maximum of two people. Whilst schools remain exempt, he also announced further measures regarding staying at home as below. It is recommended that:
If you are over 70, you are strongly encouraged to remain at home;
If you are over 60 with pre-existing conditions, you are strongly encouraged to remain at home;
If you are Aboriginal and aged over 50, you should stay home wherever possible for your own protection.
The Prime Minister has announced that as of 12.00am 16 March (AEST) all people returning from international travel must self-isolate for 14 days after the date of return to Australia.
Self-isolation does not apply to other members of the household who have not travelled overseas.
The Government has now placed a 14 day self-isolation period on anyone re-entering the country. Please let us know if this applies to you. We ask anyone who has recently travelled or plans to travel to get in touch with us.
Please contact us and do not come into our centres or schools if you, or someone you have regular close contact with has visited or transited through the higher risk countries below.
The recommended exclusion period is 14 days from the date you left the specified country, or last had contact with a specified person who has travelled to or transited through these countries. The Australian Government currently considers the following countries to be at higher risk for COVID-19:
Higher risk
There are travel restrictions for travellers from mainland China, Iran, Republic of Korea and Italy. Please visit the Department of Health website for 'What you need to know' and 'Isolation guidance' information sheets.
If you have recently travelled to these countries, monitor your health for 14 days after leaving that country. If you develop a fever or cough, seek medical advice urgently and isolate yourself. Please contact us if you have any travel planned in the near future.
Please refer to official instructions from the Government of Western Australia website for the latest travel advice and restrictions: https://www.wa.gov.au/government/document-collections/covid-19-coronavirus-state-of-emergency-declarations.
What you can and can't do – Western Australia remains in a State of Emergency and some important measures remain in place to help keep WA safe.
For more information about current restrictions in Western Australia, click here.
Be supportive, careful, alert and kind
While there are a number of COVID-19 cases in Western Australia, plans to contain its spread are in place. As with many viral infections, the severity of any associated illness will vary from person to person, dependent on a number of factors including age and the presence of any associated co-morbidities.
Support our health system – only seek medical attention if you have recently travelled and have respiratory symptoms (e.g. cough, sore throat) or fever.
Fact sheets and resources
For the latest advice, information and resources, go to www.health.gov.au.
You can call the National Coronavirus Helpline for information and advice about COVID-19: 1800 020 080. The line operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week. If you require translating or intepreting services, call 131 450.
WA Department of Health alerts: https://ww2.health.wa.gov.au/Articles/A_E/Coronavirus
World situation reports: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/
WA Department of Education advice: https://www.education.wa.edu.au/coronavirus-school-update
Downloadable resources in different languages: https://www.health.gov.au/resources/collections/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-resources
How to speak to my child about Coronavirus: COVID-19 parents and carers support for students 10 3 2020


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a longstanding ulcer with fibrous scar tissue in the floor of the ulcer.
A long-standing ulcer with fibrous scar tissue in the floor of the ulcer.
Comparison of Honey and Insulin Dressings in Healing of Chronic Ulcer.
1] Chronic ulcer due to various causes is an important cause of morbidity and despite all advances made in the field of medicine the situation still persists.
The deregulation of several of these genes in patients with chronic ulcers, suggest that defects in the formation and/or function of these two different structures may induce defect of wound-healing leading to chronic ulcer formation.
Management of wounds arising from surgical procedures on chronic ulcer disorders will continue to necessitate the therapeutic use of wound debridement products.
Stewart-Bluefarb syndrome: review of the literature and case report of chronic ulcer treatment with heparin sulfate.
A chronic ulcer with an active osteomyelitis in a patient with a hip fracture requiring surgery provided our team with a challenging therapeutic dilemma.
An ulcer which is present for more than three months is considered as chronic ulcer.
Its gastroprotective mechanisms have not been fully elucidated nor have its effects on chronic ulcer previously been described.
After treating the patient with supplemental oxygen for hypoxia secondary to lung disease, the recurrent, chronic ulcer over the right medial malleolus healed completely, along with local treatment with Santyl and mild compression.
There's a lot of personal suffering with dealing with a chronic ulcer, and it certainly can lead to depression.
THE family of a 71-year-old woman who died of an undetected chronic ulcer could take legal action after a coroner ruled that neglect aggravated the cause of her death.
This was successfully amputated, by one of the authors in this edition of CME, who was also instrumental in sending him to the correct people to deal with the chronic ulcer he had on his great toe on the opposite foot, so avoiding another, and more serious, amputation.


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I was working fulltime for two month before I was approved, I got fired. Than they say in March I went over the 1180. I have to re request paystubs to find out for sure, but I don't think I did. I was working 18 hours a week making 15/hr. I can't live without disability. I went off it once, wasn't abe to afford meds, stopped taking them and relasped. I contacted my case manager, because i don't know where to begin with proving I am disabled. I really can't do anything until Monday.
I'm not as worried as I should be. I feel like this is more of a warning. I do know there were a couple times my boss really needed me to work. So I am concerned I went over but when i got all my paychecks none pushed me over the 1173 mark I was told. Because I remember looking at that.
I get "SSDI" for my mental illness and my young sister has a medical illness and was getting it as well. She went to the SSA office and asked how much she was allowed to earn from working part-time. The rep told her an amount. My sister started working and a year went by. Then she received a letter saying she owed them $5,000.
They also cut off her SSDI and Medicare. I knew better. I worked as a social worker for ten years. When that rep from SSA told my sister the amount but did not give it to her in writing...hell no. My sister is still paying them back.
Do you have a case manager that can help make calls and add everything up with you? SSA is a pain in the ****** and they hate being wrong. You need someone on your side that knows the system.
Yes I have a case manager. I sent her an email asking her to call. We ard meeting on Wednesday.
What will most likely happen is that you will be required to pay back the benefit for the two months you went over. I had the exact same thing happen to me when I went back to work. I knew I would have to pay it back so I just held onto it and wrote a check when they sent me the bill. They won't kick you off entirely.
I learned this the hard way this week with SSA, GET EVERYTHING IN WRITING.
Also, be very careful the amount isn't $1180, it's actually like $800, but when you get to $1180 is when they kick you off. It's some technical fine print. Be very careful.
Right now that amount you can make is 850.00/ month.
Well I am still disabled according to ssd and assigned to a different person.
Worked out a repayment plan thankfully it's not as big ofca bill as i was expecting.


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US business market growth surpassed this decade's previous favorite, China in 2015. In a recent PwC's Annual Global CEO survey, over 1,322 business leaders in 77 countries were surveyed as to which country offered the best opportunity for growth and why. Over 38% of the respondents indicated the US offered the greatest opportunities and highest return on investment.
As the US ramps up to a predicted 3.2% GDP growth this year, expectations are for continued business market growth. Certainly, other countries' lower GDP, growth and financial outlook help push the US to the number one position, but attributes such as constant lower energy costs, political stability and economic growth contribute to their decision.
Clearly, today's business atmosphere provides organizations with tremendous opportunities, but also with increased risks. The level of price visibility to consumers increase every day with new data mining and search engine results being available in a fraction of a second. The availability of products pouring in from the four corners of the planet is only one mouse click away, not to mention a new formidable competitor being created via new partnerships.
The risks are high, but so are the opportunities. Yet 61% of CEOs globally, and 67% for US, believe there are more growth opportunities in the US for their companies than there had been three years ago. With that said, 46% of the US CEOs are very confident in hitting their revenue growth this year (highest in five years).
WES, WMS, WCS software systems that configure around existing operations. These types of systems provide increased efficiencies in labor and inventory with a minimal impact on day-to-day operations.
A-Frame high speed order fulfillment systems which require zero order picking labor and can provide up to 4,200 items/orders per hour productivity numbers. These systems also come as portable units that allow instant response to peak and valley operations requirements.
Towline conveyance and transportation systems that allow inventory and material to be routed to work stations, zones and cells effortlessly and reliably. Unlike other technologies, these systems eliminate forklift congestion, creating barriers in the facility such as conventional conveyor or the high cost of poor labor.
The survey clearly shows that CEOs are innovating and accelerating the impact of technology in their operations. CEOs say they are seeing real payoffs from these investments and are always looking for technologies and systems that provide the lowest risk and highest rewards available, thus gaining even more US business market growth in the future.


text:
'use strict';

/**
 * @fileoverview Ensure that each cell in a table using the headers refers to another cell in
 * that table
 * See base class in axe-audit.js for audit() implementation.
 */

const AxeAudit = require('./axe-audit.js');
const i18n = require('../../lib/i18n/i18n.js');

const UIStrings = {
  /** Title of an accesibility audit that evaluates if all table cell elements in a table that use the headers HTML attribute use it correctly to refer to header cells within the same table. This title is descriptive of the successful state and is shown to users when no user action is required. */
  title: 'Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer ' +
      'to table cells within the same table.',
  /** Title of an accesibility audit that evaluates if all table cell elements in a table that use the headers HTML attribute use it correctly to refer to header cells within the same table. This title is descriptive of the failing state and is shown to users when there is a failure that needs to be addressed. */
  failureTitle: 'Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer ' +
      'to an element `id` not found within the same table.',
  /** Description of a Lighthouse audit that tells the user *why* they should try to pass. This is displayed after a user expands the section to see more. No character length limits. 'Learn More' becomes link text to additional documentation. */
  description: 'Screen readers have features to make navigating tables easier. Ensuring ' +
      '`<td>` cells using the `[headers]` attribute only refer to other cells in the same ' +
      'table may improve the experience for screen reader users. ' +
      '[Learn more](https://web.dev/td-headers-attr/).',
};

const str_ = i18n.createMessageInstanceIdFn(__filename, UIStrings);

class TDHeadersAttr extends AxeAudit {
  /**
   * @return {LH.Audit.Meta}
   */
  static get meta() {
    return {
      id: 'td-headers-attr',
      title: str_(UIStrings.title),
      failureTitle: str_(UIStrings.failureTitle),
      description: str_(UIStrings.description),
      requiredArtifacts: ['Accessibility'],
    };
  }
}

module.exports = TDHeadersAttr;
module.exports.UIStrings = UIStrings;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Phoenix Janusz Wawrowski
Booklet for Phoenix
Label: Warner Classics
Subgenre: Concertos
Artist: Janusz Wawrowski
Composer: Peter Tchaikovsky (1840-1893), Ludomir Rozycki (1884-1953)
Thank you for your interest in this album. This album is currently not available for sale. Pre-listen will be available after release.
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Ludomir Różycki (1883 - 1953): Violin Concerto, Op. 70:
1Różycki: Violin Concerto, Op. 70: I. Andante07:02
2Różycki: Violin Concerto, Op. 70: II. Allegro deciso15:54
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840 - 1893): Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 35:
3Tchaikovsky: Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 35: I. Allegro moderato19:59
4Tchaikovsky: Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 35: II. Canzonetta. Andante06:32
5Tchaikovsky: Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 35: III. Finale. Allegro vivacissimo10:31
Total Runtime59:58
Info for Phoenix
Janusz Wawrowski's album Phoenix pairs two life-affirming violin concertos written during difficult periods in their composers' lives: Tchaikovsky was recovering from his disastrous marriage and Ludomir Różycki was enduring the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.
Wawrowski spent several years reconstructing Różycki's concerto from long-lost fragments. "This wonderful work spoke to me immediately … Like a phoenix rising from the ashes, it should be reborn and enjoyed by audiences around the world. To me, the concerto is full of the energy and life of Warsaw before the war, and I think Różycki was trying to conjure up this positive energy as he wrote it in 1944 … It reminds me of Gershwin or Korngold, yet retaining at the same time a distinct Slavic flavour."
Janusz Wawrowski, violin
Grzegorz Nowak, conductor
is considered one of the most outstanding polish violinists of his generation. He appeared as a soloist in Berlin Philharmonic, Musikverein in Vienna, Lithuanian National Philharmonic, Tchaikovsky Conservatory Hall in Moscow, De Doelen in Rotterdam, Tel Aviv Music Center, Seoul Arts Center and Teatro Teresa Carreῆo in Caracas and was invited to plenty of renowned music festivals – Chopin and His Europe in Warsaw, Salzburger Festspiele, Hemsing Festival, Polish Music Festival in Cracow, Bebersee Festival and International Chamber Music Festival, Ede. Composers Norbert Paley, Tomasz Opałka, Marcin Markowicz and Albena Petrovic dedicated their violin works to him.
In recognition of his artistic achievements, Janusz Wawrowski was awarded Decoration of Honour "Meritorious for Polish Culture" by the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage. Two of his albums won the Polish Phonography Award "Fryderyk", in 2017 and 2019.
Born in Konin, Poland, graduated the Fryderyk Chopin University of Music in Warsaw where he currently teaches. He was mastering his skills with prof. Mirosław Ławrynowicz, Yair Kless and Salvatore Accardo. As a young student he was impressing audiences by performing all 24 Capriccios by Nicolo Paganini during one performance, which is a very unique ability among violin players up until this day.
Currently Janusz Wawrowski is being invited to most prestigious concert halls in Poland, including National Philharmonic Hall in Warsaw, Polish Radio National Symphony Orchestra, Szczecin Philharmonic, National Music Forum in Wroclaw, National Opera House in Warsaw, Lodz Philharmonic, Cracow Philharmonic and others. Since 2018 he performed solo with Stuttgarther Philharmoniker and Orchestra of National Theater in Prague, he also played a number of chamber music concerts in Poland, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Canada, France, Great Britain and China. In January 2020 he will take part in the National Music Forum USA tour under Giancarlo Guerrero, next to Piotr Anderszewski and Midori Goto. He will also appear in Wigmore Hall together with Linus Roth.
Wawrowski had a pleasure of collaborating with extraordinary conductors: Conrad van Alphen, Łukasz Borowicz, Gabriel Chmura, Mykola Diadiura, Agnieszka Duczmal, Jacek Kaspszyk, Jerzy Maksymiuk, Tomáš Netopil, Juozas Domarkas, Daniel Raiskin, Ramon Gamba and Antoni Wit. He premiered violin concerti by Tomasz Opałka, Dariusz Przybylski (World premieres), Max Richter and Sukhi Kang (Polish premieres). He also recorded Jan A.P. Kaczmarek's music for films 'Evening' and 'Get low'.
Janusz Wawrowski is an exclusive artist of Warner Classics. In 2014 he collaborated with pianist Jose Gallardo on a release entitled "Aurora" with music of Karol Szymanowski, Witold Lutosławski, Maurice Ravel and Eugène Ysaÿe. The album quickly gained recognition of a professional press worldwide – Strings Magazine, Strad, Pizzicato and the Huffington Post.
The success of 2007 release by CD Accord - "Paganini Capriccios" - led to its re-edition by Warner in April 2016. In the fall of the same year "Sequenza" was released, with solo works of Luciano Berio, Krzysztof Penderecki and Eugène Ysaÿe among others. It received 4* in British "The Guardian". The CD was awarded 'Fryderyk' and Janusz received an invitation to play live at BBC3.
In 2017 the first symphonic album "Brillante" with Stuttgarther Philharmoniker under Daniel Raiskin premiered, with the 2nd Violin Concerto of Karol Szymanowski and "Scottish Fantasy" by Max Bruch. "Hidden Violin", collaboration with Jose Gallardo, is the newest release by Wawrowski. Filled entirely with music written by Polish composers is an artist's way to celebrate both the 100th anniversary of Poland's independence and receiving an incredible instrument he always dreamt of.
Since 2018 Janusz Wawrowski, courtesy Roman Ziemian and Stephan Morgenstern, is playing an Antonio Stradivari violin from 1685 named "Polonia".

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A bird's eye view of Point O'Pines Camp for Girls suggest that this stunningly beautiful camp may be an idyllic spot to spend your summer. All of the lovely camper bunks sit lakeside along the secluded peninsula of Brant Lake in a valley of the Adirondacks. The huge beach looks more like something you'd find in the Caribbean and the recently remodeled facilities and dining hall all enjoy broad lake views.
The story of Point O'Pines is far deeper than its setting, however. Most all of the campers return year after year to renew the strong bonds of friendship that are built here. At an early age, the value of friendships is created and reinforced by the caring and dedicated counselors who reflect the attention to detail that is embraced by a team of experienced directors. At the core of the camp philosophy is an effort to create authentic relationships with their camp families. This genuine desire to know each family creates a warm loyalty to Point O'Pines.
If self-esteem and independence are two of the key values that Point O'Pines hopes to develop, the program is the tool to reach their campers. The first rate facilities are well-suited to provide the framework (witness the red-clay tennis courts and 2,700 square foot arts center.) It's the activity specialists and bunk counselors, though, that affect the ultimate result. They are enthusiastic cheerleaders for each camper's success. The youngest-aged campers have a more structured program that exposes each girl to the entire breadth of the activity choices, while older girls have more freedom to develop their individual passions in daily activities. It's a thoughtful program that subtly fosters leadership and responsibility.
Point O'Pines truly becomes a summer family that renews each summer. For those with brothers at home, nearby Brant Lake Camp is the brother-camp program.
At Point O'Pines lifelong friendships are born, confidence is discovered, skills are honed, and fun defines every day. We are a summer camp for girls where traditions come alive, dreams are realized, and girls of all ages create memories that will last a lifetime. Point O'Pines is nestled in the spectacular Adirondack Mountains on a peninsula surrounded by the crystal-clear waters of beautiful Brant Lake.
Coach buses from Manhattan, Long Island, Westchester, New Jersey, and Philadelphia. Group flight from South Florida. Flights into Albany, NY as well as the metropolitan New York airports.


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Sweden: projects/activities
Directory entires that have specified Sweden as one of the geographic regions for the project/activity and are included in the AMAP, ENVINET, SAON and SEARCH directories. Note that the list of regions is not hierarchical, and there is no relation between regions (e.g. a record tagged with Nunavut may not be tagged with Canada). To see the full list of regions, see the regions list. To browse the catalog based on the originating country (leady party), see the list of countries.
It is also possible to browse and query the full list of projects.
2. International Circumpolar Surveillance of Infectious Diseases (ICS) (ICS)
Connect public health laboratories and institutes throughout the circumpolar north for the purposes of monitor infectious diseases of concern. Main gaps: russia
3. Sweden demographics + education + economic indicators (Sweden demographics)
Statistics Sweden has all relevant data related to population size, age structure, gender, births, deaths, and migration. The same types of data are collected for the whole country and are standardized for administrative units. Since the population data also contain the geographical coordinates for the place where each person lives, it is also possible to present the statistics for arbitrary geographical units. However, the official population and health statistics do not contain any information concerning which persons belong to the indigenous / non-indigenous population. In Sweden, this would be of relevance for studies of living conditions among the Sámi population. However, such studies have been conducted only in very specialized research projects based on the researcher's own data collection and carried out in agreement with the Sámi people. Statistics Sweden reports on how many individuals enter and complete different levels of education. The statistics can be separated by geographic area. Statistics Sweden has data on unemployment and the distribution of incomes in different regions. Main gaps: No official statistics are easily available about the use of languages or about religious practices in general. For individuals with a foreign background, the country of birth, citizenship, and year of immigration to Sweden are registered. However, the official statistics do not separate the native indigenous from the non-indigenous population. Although the Sámi languages are officially acknowledged as minority languages, the trends concerning the number of people that speak and use them is not systematically monitored.
4. Sweden radiation monitoring
The Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) has 32 measurement stations distributed across Sweden, of which 16 are situated north of 60°N (Table 6, #6.1). They mainly measure radiation from radioactive compounds on the soil surface and automatically sound the alarm if the radiation increases. Every seventh month, radioactivity is measured on the soil surface at 4 to 5 spots in every municipality to check eventual radiation changes and to retain knowledge at an acceptable level (Table 6, #6.2). Special programs monitor 137Cs in humans (whole body), reindeer, fish, moose, and roe deer (Table 6, #6.3). The main incentive for this is the remains from the Chernobyl accident in 1986.
Human health Pollution sources
5. Food and Drinking Water
Estimates of human intake of environmental pollutions via food and drinking water are performed in cooperation with the National Food Administration (Table 4, #9.4). During 2006 an estimation of children's intake of dioxin was finalized. The concentration of pollutants in groundwater wells is studied in cooperation with SGU and the National Board of Health and Welfare.
6. Swedish health monitoring of metals
One focus of SEPA's subprogram for human biological data concerns metals in human bodies (Table 4, #9.1). It includes studies on lead concentration in human blood, mercury in hair, and cadmium concentration in urine. Old hair samples have been collected and analyzed for mercury. Methyl mercury may damage the central nervous system, and at the fetal stage effects may occur already after low exposure. A study in Uppsala is investigating persistent organic compounds in breast milk. Concurrently, the young mothers answer a questionnaire, and hair samples are collected to analyze methyl mercury. Cadmium in urine is an indicator of the load on kidneys, and especially women with low iron storage have an elevated risk for increased cadmium uptake. A program on cadmium in women that started in Gothenburg, then expanded to Stockholm, Lund, and Umeå is under way. In 2007, a second round started in Gothenburg. A questionnaire is filled in concurrently with collection of a urine sample.
Pollution sources Human health
7. Biological Data – Organic Substances
Organic compounds, especially persistent organic pollutants (POP), are of special interest and are included in one of SEPA's subprograms (Table 4, #9.2). The subprogram includes different groups in the population. On military enlistment, young men are tested for persistent organic compounds in the body. Mercury content is measured in high consumers of fish, and the concentration of flame retardants is measured in samples of breast milk from women who breast-feed. The National Food Administration stores important data from control of pesticides in vegetables, where more than 2 000 samples are taken per year and residues from more than 200 different pesticides are analyzed. To date, no data have been analyzed and reported from this material, but it will be done in the first phase of this SEPA subprogram. Sampling of breast milk will continue with the intent to monitor organic environmental pollutants. Already existing is a long time series on the concentration of flame retardants and PCB in breast milk. Concurrently, samples will be transferred to the environmental sample bank at the Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), which means that samples will be available for comparison in the future.
8. Air Pollutants – Exposition Studies
Studies of human exposure to cancer-inducing air pollutants (Table 4, #9.3) are being conducted in Gothenburg, Umeå, Stockholm, and other sites. The importance of smoking habits, traffic, and other potential sources will be determined for a better risk evaluation. Measurements will be conducted according to a rolling schedule, with one city at a time and a group of 40 randomly chosen people, 20 to 50 years of age. The background concentrations in air will be followed at the same time. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide is particularly severe during winter. An estimate of the number of people exposed to nitrogen dioxide concentrations in excess of current limits is performed every fifth year. An improved method of calculation, i.e. the urban model, has been used since winter 2006/2007. The urban model will also be used to calculate the number of people that are overexposed to particles.
9. Marine food webs as vector of human patogens


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This year, I was hoping to climb as many of the handful of 4000-footers that I had only climbed once, and to climb them by a different route if possible. This trip would fulfill part of that goal. I had climbed Mt Garfield once, back in the fall of 2000, and although I had also ascended the Garfield Trail the last time, I had never been on the portion of the Garfield Ridge Trail between the Garfield Ridge Campsite and the Gale River Trail. Furthermore, by going down the Gale River Trail, it would be an easy hike back to my car on the Gale River Loop Rd.
The trail began gently, angling almost imperceptibly upward through a mixed hardwood and hemlock forest. The tinkling and bubbling of nearby Burnt Brook resonated through the woods. The day was pleasant, the birds were singing, and spring was in the air.
Hobblebush was in full bloom, as were those ubiquitous harbingers of spring, trout lilies, which particularly thrived amidst a large stand of white birches about halfway up the mountain. The birches, in an area that had burned in a forest fire around the turn of the century, were a light and airy oasis in an otherwise thicker and darker coniferous forest.
Above the birch stand, the trail continued to steepen, but its effect was moderated by numerous long switchbacks. Although somewhat almost 5 miles in length, time goes by quickly on this relatively gentle trail with excellent footing.
Above 4000 feet, I began to encounter small patches of decaying snow in the deep shade just off the trail. These last scattered remains of a long cold winter were few and far between.
In less time than I had expected, I reached the junction with the Garfield Ridge Trail. The summit was close now. The trail sign, nailed to part of an old but stout yellow birch trunk, was anchored by a large pile of rocks, and leaned precariously to one side.
The remainder of the climb ascended the steep and rocky Garfield Ridge Trail to a plateau just below the actual summit of Mt Garfield. From there, it was just a short hop to the top on the Mt Garfield Spur.
Garfield Trail. The trail is relatively gentle and has good footing most of the way. It switchbacks through the steeper parts up higher.
Hobblebush. This shrub is plentiful at lower elevations, and grows well in the shade.
Birches. This stand of white birches, in an area that had burned in a forest fire around the turn of the century, were a light and airy oasis in an otherwise thicker and darker coniferous forest.
Trout lily. There were a number of these harbingers of spring growing along the trail in the birch stand.
Patches of snow. These small snow patches were the last of only a few scattered remains of the winter.
Garfield Ridge Trail sign. In less time than I had expected, I reached the junction with the Garfield Ridge Trail. The summit was close now.
The steep climb to the summit. The Garfield Ridge Trail is steep and rocky from the Garfield Trail to the summit area, but it's only a couple of tenths of a mile long.


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Art. IV. Incidental Motions.
See 13 for a list and the general characteristics of these motions.
21. Questions of Order and Appeal. A Question of Order takes precedence of the pending question out of which it arises; is in order when another has the floor, even interrupting a speech or the reading of a report; does not require a second; cannot be amended or have any other subsidiary motion applied to it; yields to privileged motions and the motion to lay on the table; and must be decided by the presiding officer without debate, unless in doubtful cases he submits the question to the assembly for decision, in which case it is debatable whenever an appeal would be. Before rendering his decision he may request the advice of persons of experience, which advice or opinion should usually be given sitting to avoid the appearance of debate. If the chair is still in doubt, he may submit the question to the assembly for its decision in a manner similar to this: "Mr. A raises the point of order that the amendment just offered [state the amendment] is not germane to the resolution. The chair is in doubt, and submits the question to the assembly. The question is, 'Is the amendment germane to the resolution?"' As no appeal can be taken from the decision of the assembly, this question is open to debate whenever an appeal would be, if the chair decided the question and an appeal were made from that decision. Therefore, it is debatable except when it relates to indecorum, or transgression of the rules of speaking, or to the priority of business, or when it is made during a division of the assembly, or while an undebatable question is pending. The question is put thus: "As many as are of opinion that the amendment is germane [or that the point is well taken] say aye; as many as are of a contrary opinion say no. The ayes have it, the amendment is in order, and the question is on its adoption." If the negative vote is the larger it would be announced thus: "The noes have it, the amendment is out of order, and the question is on the adoption of the resolution." Whenever the presiding officer decides a question of order, he has the right, without leaving his chair, to state the reasons for his decision, and any two members have the right to appeal from the decision, one making the appeal and the other seconding it.
It is the duty of the presiding officer to enforce the rules and orders of the assembly, without debate or delay. It is also the right of every member who notices the breach of a rule, to insist upon its enforcement. In such a case he rises from his seat and says. "Mr. Chairman, I rise to a point of order." The speaker immediately takes his seat, and the chairman requests the member to state his point of order, which he does and resumes his seat. The chair decides the point, and then, if no appeal is taken and the member has not been guilty of any serious breach of decorum, the chair permits him to resume his speech. But, if his remarks are decided to be improper and any one objects, he cannot continue without a vote of the assembly to that effect. [See 43 for a full treatment of this subject of indecorum in debate]. The question of order must be raised at the time the breach of order occurs, so that after a motion has been discussed it is too late to raise the question as to whether it was in order, or for the chair to rule the motion out of order. The only exception is where the motion is in violation of the laws, or the constitution, by-laws, or standing rules of the organization, or of fundamental parliamentary principles, so that if adopted it would be null and void. In such cases it is never too late to raise a point of order against the motion. This is called raising a question, or point, of order, because the member in effect puts to the chair, whose duty it is to enforce order, the question as to whether there is not now a breach of order.
Instead of the method just described, it is usual, when it is simply a case of improper language used in debate, for the chair to call the speaker to order, or for a member to say, "I call the gentleman to order." The chairman decides whether the speaker is in or out of order, and proceeds as before.
Appeal. An appeal may be made from any decision of the chair (except when another appeal is pending), but it can be made only at the time the ruling is made. It is in order while another member has the floor. If any debate or business has intervened it is too late to appeal. An answer to a parliamentary inquiry is not a decision, and therefore cannot be appealed from. While an appeal is pending a question of order may be raised, which the chair decides peremptorily, there being no appeal from this decision. But the question as to the correctness of the ruling can be brought up afterwards when no other business is pending. An appeal yields to privileged motions, and to the motion to lay on the table. The effect of subsidiary motions is as follows: An appeal cannot be amended. If the decision from which an appeal is taken is of such a nature that the reversal of the ruling would not in any way affect the consideration of, or action on, the main question, then the main question does not adhere to the appeal, and its consideration is resumed as soon as the appeal is laid on the table, postponed, etc. But if the ruling affects the consideration of, or action on, the main question, then the main question adheres to the appeal, and when the latter is laid on the table, or postponed, the main question goes with it. Thus, if the appeal is from the decision that a proposed amendment is out of order and the appeal is laid on the table, it would be absurd to come to final action on the main question and then afterwards reverse the decision of the chair and take up the amendment when there was no question to amend. The vote on an appeal may be reconsidered.
An appeal cannot be debated when it relates simply to indecorum, or to transgression of the rules of speaking, or to the priority of business, or if made during a division of the assembly, or while the immediately pending question is undebatable. When debatable, as it is in all other cases, no member is allowed to speak more than once except the presiding officer, who may at the close of the debate answer the arguments against the decision. Whether debatable or not, the chairman when stating the question on the appeal may, without leaving the chair, state the reasons for his decision.
When a member wishes to appeal from the decision of the chair he rises as soon a the decision is made, even though another has the floor, and without waiting to be recognized by the chair, says, "Mr. Chairman, I appeal from the decision of the chair." If this appeal is seconded, the chair should state clearly the question at issue, and his reasons for the decision if he thinks it necessary, and then state the question thus: "The question is, 'Shall the decision of the chair stand as the judgment of the assembly [or society, or club, etc.]?'" or, "Shall the decision of the chair be sustained?" To put the question he would say, "Those in the affirmative say aye," and after the affirmative vote has been taken he would say, "Those in the negative say no. The ayes have it and the decision of the chair is sustained [or stands as the judgment of the assembly]." Or, "The noes have it and the decision of the chair is reversed." In either case he immediately announces what is before the assembly as the result of the vote. If there is a tie vote the chair is sustained, and if the chair is a member of the assembly he may vote to make it a tie, on the principle that the decision of the chair stands until reversed by a majority, including the chairman if he is a member of the assembly. In stating the question, the word "assembly" should be replaced by "Society," or "club," or "board," etc., as the case may be. The announcement of a vote is not a decision of the chair. If a member doubts the correctness of the announcement he cannot appeal, but should call for a "Division" [25] .
22. Suspension of the Rules.1 The motion to suspend the rules may be made at any time when no question is pending; or while a question is pending, provided it is for a purpose connected with that question. It yields to all the privileged motions (except a call for the orders of the day), to the motion to lay on the table, and to incidental motions arising out of itself. It is undebatable and cannot be amended or have any other subsidiary motion applied to it, nor can a vote on it be reconsidered, nor can a motion to suspend the rules for the same purpose be renewed at the same meeting except by unanimous consent, though it may be renewed after an adjournment, even if the next meeting is held the same day.
When the assembly wishes to do something that cannot be done without violating its own rules, and yet it is not in conflict with its constitution, or by-laws, or with the fundamental principles of parliamentary law, it "suspends the rules that interfere with" the proposed action. The object of the suspension must be specified, and nothing else can be done under the suspension. The rules that can be suspended are those relating to priority of business, or to business procedure, or to admission to the meetings, etc., and would usually be comprised under the heads of rules of order. Sometimes societies include in their by-laws some rules relating to the transaction of business without any intention, evidently, of giving these rules any greater stability than is possessed by other rules of their class, and they may be suspended the same as if they were called rules of order. A standing rule as defined in 67 may be suspended by a majority vote. But sometimes the term "standing rules" is applied to what are strictly rules of order, and then, like rules of order, they require a two-thirds vote for their suspension. Nothing that requires previous notice and a two-thirds vote for its amendment can be suspended by less than a two-thirds vote.
No rule can be suspended when the negative vote is as large as the minority protected by that rule; nor can a rule protecting absentees be suspended even by general consent or a unanimous vote. For instance, a rule requiring notice of a motion to be given at a previous meeting cannot be suspended by a unanimous vote, as it protects absentees who do not give their consent. A rule requiring officers to be elected by ballot cannot be suspended by a unanimous vote, because the rule protects a minority of one from exposing his vote, and this he must do if he votes openly in the negative, or objects to giving general consent. Nor can this result be accomplished by voting that the ballot of the assembly be cast by the secretary or any one else, as this does away with the essential principle of the ballot, namely, secrecy, and is a suspension of the by-law. and practically allows a viva voce vote. If it is desired to allow the suspension of a by-law that cannot be suspended under these rules, then it is necessary to provide in the by-laws for its suspension.
The Form of this motion is, "to suspend the rules that interfere with," etc., stating the object of the suspension, as, "the consideration of a resolution on ........," which resolution is immediately offered after the rules are suspended, the chair recognizing for that purpose the member that moved to suspend the rules. or, if it is desired to consider a question which has been laid on the table, and cannot be taken up at that time because that class of business is not then in order, or to consider a question that has been postponed to another time, or that is in the order of business for another time, then the motion may be made thus, "I move to suspend the rules and take up [or consider] the resolution ......" When the object is not to take up a question for discussion but to adopt it without debate, the motion is made thus: "I move to suspend the rules and adopt [or agree to] the following resolution," which is then read: or, "I move to suspend the rules, and adopt [or agree to] the resolution on ..." The same form may be used in a case like this: "I move to suspend the rules, and admit to the privileges of the floor members of sister societies," which merely admits them to the hall.
Instead of a formal motion to suspend the rules, it is more usual to ask for general consent to do the particular business that is out of order. As soon as the request is made the chair inquires if there is any objection, and if no one objects, he directs the member to proceed just as if the rules had been suspended by a formal vote. [See General Consent 48.]
1. In Congress the former practice was to suspend the rule as to the order of business in order to consider a particular bill but now it is customary "to suspend the rule and pass" the resolution or bill. H.R. Rule 27 contains the following:
"1. No rule shall be suspended except by a vote of two-thirds of the members voting, a quorum being present; nor shall the Speaker entertain a motion to suspend the rules except on the first and third Mondays of each month, preference being given on the first Monday to Individuals and on the third Monday to committees, and during the last six days of a session.
"2. All motions to suspend the rules shall, before being submitted to the House, be seconded by a majority by tellers, if demanded.
"3. When a motion to suspend the rules has been seconded, it shall be in order, before the final vote is taken thereon, to debate the proposition to be voted upon for forty minutes, one-half of such time to be given to debate in favor of, and one-half to debate in opposition to, such proposition -- and the same right of debate shall be allowed whenever the previous question has been ordered on any proposition on which there has been no debate."
23. Objection to the Consideration of a Question. An objection may be made to the consideration of any original main motion, and to no others, provided it is made before there is any debate or before any subsidiary motion is stated. Thus, it may be applied to petitions and to communications that are not from a superior body, as well as to resolutions. It cannot be applied to incidental main motions [11], such as amendments to by-laws, or to reports of committees on subjects referred to them, etc. It is similar to a question of order in that it can be made when another has the floor, and does not require a second; and as the chairman can call a member to order, so he can put this question, if he deems it advisable, upon his own responsibility. It cannot be debated, or amended, or have any other subsidiary motion applied to it. It yields to privileged motions and to the motion to lay on the table. A negative, but not an affirmative vote on the consideration may be reconsidered.1
When an original main motion is made and any member wishes to prevent its consideration, he rises, although another has the floor, and says, "Mr. Chairman, I object to its consideration." The chairman immediately puts the question, "The consideration of the question has been objected to: Will the assembly consider it? [or, Shall the question be considered?]" If decided in the negative by a two-thirds vote, the whole matter is dismissed for that session; otherwise, the discussion continues as if this objection had never been made. The same question may be introduced at any succeeding session.
The Object of this motion is not to cut off debate (for which other motions are provided) but to enable the assembly to avoid altogether any question which it may deem irrelevant, unprofitable, or contentious. If the chair considers the question entirely outside the objects of the society, he should rule it out of order, from which decision an appeal may be taken.
Objection to the consideration of a question must not be confounded with objecting where unanimous consent, or a majority vote, is required. Thus, in case of the minority of a committee desiring to submit their views, a single member saying, "I object," prevents it, unless the assembly by a majority vote grants them permission.
1. In Congress the introduction of a question may be prevented temporarily by a majority vote under H.R. Rule 16, §3, which is as follows: "3. When any motion or proposition is made, the question, Will the House now consider it? shall not he put unless demanded by a member." lf the House refuses to consider a bill the vote cannot be reconsidered. But this refusal does not prevent the question's being again introduced the same session. In assemblies having brief sessions lasting usually only a few hours, or at most not over a week, it is necessary that the assembly have the power by a two-thirds vote to decide that a question shall not be introduced during that session. As the refusal to consider the question prevents its renewal during the session, the vote may be reconsidered.
24. Division of a Question, and Consideration by Paragraph. Division of a Question.1 The motion to divide a question can be applied only to main motions and to amendments. It takes precedence of nothing but the motion to postpone indefinitely, and yields to all privileged, incidental, and subsidiary motions except to amend and to postpone indefinitely. It may be amended but can have no other subsidiary motion applied to it. It is undebatable. It may be made at any time when the question to be divided, or the motion to postpone indefinitely, is immediately pending, even after the previous question has been ordered. But it is preferable to divide the question when it is first introduced. When divided each resolution or proposition is considered and voted on separately, the same as if it had been offered alone. The motion to adopt, which was pending when the question was divided, applies to all the parts into which the question has been divided and should not, therefore, be repeated. The formality of a vote on dividing the question is generally dispensed with, as it is usually arranged by general consent. But if this cannot be done, then a formal motion to divide is necessary, specifying the exact method of division.
When a motion relating to a certain subject contains several parts, each of which is capable of standing as a complete proposition if the others are removed, it can be divided into two or more propositions to be considered and voted on as distinct questions, by the assembly's adopting a motion to divide the question in a specified manner. The motion must clearly state how the question is to be divided, and any one else may propose a different division, and these different propositions, or amendments, should be treated as filling blanks; that is, they should be voted on in the order in which they are made, unless they suggest different numbers of questions, when the largest number is voted on first. If a resolution includes several distinct propositions, but is so written that they cannot be separated without its being rewritten, the question cannot be divided. The division must not require the secretary to do more than to mechanically separate the resolution into the required parts, prefixing to each part the words "Resolved, That," or "Ordered, That," and dropping conjunctions when necessary, and replacing pronouns by the nouns for which they stand, wherever the division makes it necessary. When the question is decided, each separate question must be a proper one for the assembly to act upon, if none of the others is adopted. Thus, a motion to "commit with instructions" is indivisible; because, if divided, and the motion to commit should fail, then the other motion, to instruct the committee, would be absurd, as there would be no committee to instruct. The motion to "strike out certain words and insert others" is strictly one proposition and therefore indivisible.
If a series of independent resolutions relating to different subjects is included in one motion, it must be divided on the request of a single member, which request may be made while another has the floor. But however complicated a single proposition may be, no member has a right to insist upon its division. His remedy is to move that it be divided, if it is capable of division, or, if not, to move to strike out the objectionable parts. A motion to strike out a name in a resolution brings the assembly to a vote on that name just as well as would a division of the question, if it were allowed to go to that extent, which it is not. If a series of resolutions is proposed as a substitute for another series, such a motion is incapable of division; but a motion can be made to strike out any of the resolutions before the vote is taken on the substitution. After they have been substituted it is too late to strike out any of them. When a committee reports a number of amendments to a resolution referred to it, one vote may be taken on adopting, or agreeing to, all the amendments provided no one objects. But if a single member requests separate votes on one or more of the amendments, they must be considered separately. The others may all be voted on together.
Consideration by Paragraph or Seriatim. Where an elaborate proposition is submitted, like a series of resolutions on one subject, or a set of by-laws, the parts being intimately connected, it should not be divided. The division would add greatly to the difficulty of perfecting the different paragraphs or by-laws by amendments. If the paragraphs are adopted separately, and amendments to succeeding paragraphs make it necessary to amend a preceding one, it can be done only by first reconsidering the vote on the preceding paragraph. In the case of by-laws the trouble is increased, because each by-law goes into effect as soon as adopted, and its amendment is controlled by any by-law or rule that may have been adopted on the subject. When the paragraphs are voted on separately no vote should be taken on the whole. But in all such cases the proper course is to consider the proposition by paragraph, or section, or resolution, or, as it is often called, seriatim. The chair should always adopt this course when the question consists of several paragraphs or resolutions, unless he thinks the assembly wishes to act on them immediately as a whole, when he asks if they shall be taken up by paragraph, and the matter is settled informally. Should the chair neglect to take up the proposition by paragraph, any one may move that the proposition be considered by paragraph, or seriatim.
The method of procedure in acting upon a complicated report, as, a set of by-laws, or a series of resolutions that cannot well be divided, is as follows, the word "paragraph" being used to designate the natural subdivisions, whether they are paragraphs, sections, articles, or resolutions. The member submitting the report, having obtained the floor says that such and such committee submits the following report; or, that the committee recommends the adoption of the following resolutions. In either case he reads the report, or resolutions, and moves their adoption. Should he neglect to move their adoption, the chair should call for such a motion, or he may assume the motion and state the question accordingly. The chairman, or the secretary, or the member who reported it, as the chair decides is for the best interest of the assembly, then reads the first paragraph, which is explained by the reporting member, after which the chair asks, "Are there any amendments to this paragraph?" The paragraph is then open to debate and amendment. When no further amendments are proposed to this paragraph, the chair says, "There being no further amendments to this paragraph the next will be read." In a similar manner each paragraph in succession is read, explained if necessary, debated, and amended, the paragraphs being amended but not adopted. After all the paragraphs have been amended, the chair says the entire by-law, or paper, or resolution is open to amendment, when additional paragraphs may be inserted and any paragraph may be further amended. When the paper is satisfactorily amended, the preamble, if any, is treated the same way, and then a single vote is taken on the adoption of the entire paper, report, or series of resolutions. If the previous question is ordered on a resolution, or series of resolutions, or on a set of by-laws, before the preamble has been considered it does not apply to the preamble, unless expressly so stated, because the preamble cannot be considered until after debate has ceased on the resolutions or by-laws. It is not necessary to amend the numbers of the sections, paragraphs, etc., as it is the duty of the secretary to make all such corrections where changes are rendered necessary by amendments.
1. Section 6 of H.R. Rule 16 is as follows: "6. On the demand of any member, before the question is put, a question shall be divided if it include propositions so distinct in substance that one being taken away a substantive proposition shall remain."
25. Division of the Assembly, and other Motions relating to Voting. A Division of the Assembly1 may be called for, without obtaining the floor, at any time after the question has been put, even after the vote has been announced and another has the floor, provided the vote was taken viva voce, or by show of hands, and it is called for before another motion has been made. This call, or motion, is made by saying, "I call for a division," or "I doubt the vote," or simply by calling out, "Division." It does not require a second, and cannot be debated, or amended, or have any other subsidiary motion applied to it. As soon as a division is called for, the chair proceeds again to take the vote, this time by having the affirmative rise, and then when they are seated having the negative rise. While any member has the right to insist upon a rising vote, or a division, where there is any question as to the vote being a true expression of the will of the assembly, the chair should not permit this privilege to be abused to the annoyance of the assembly, by members constantly demanding a division where there is a full vote and no question as to which side is in the majority. It requires a majority vote to order the vote to be counted, or to be taken by yeas and nays (roll call) or by ballot. These motions are incidental to the question that is pending or has just been pending, and cannot be debated. When different methods are suggested they are usually treated not as amendments, but like filling blanks, the vote being taken first on the one taking the most time. In practice the method of taking a vote is generally agreed upon without the formality of a vote.
When the vote is taken by ballot during a meeting of the assembly, as soon as the chair thinks all have voted who wish to, he inquires if all have voted, and if there is no response he declares the polls closed, and the tellers proceed to count the vote. If a formal motion is made to close the polls it should not be recognized until all have presumably voted, and then it requires a two-thirds vote like motions to close debate or nominations. If members enter afterwards and it is desired to reopen the polls it can be done by a majority vote. None of these motions are debatable.
1. See foot note, [9], for the rule of Congress.
26. Motions relating to Nominations. If no method of making nominations is designated by the by-laws or rules, and the assembly has adopted no order on the subject, any one can make a motion prescribing the method of nomination for an office to be filled. If the election is pending, this motion is incidental to it; if the election is not pending, it is an incidental main motion. It is undebatable and when it is an incidental motion it can have no subsidiary motion applied to it except to amend. It yields to privileged motions. The motion may provide for nominations being made be the chair; or from the floor, or open nominations as it is also called; or for a nominating committee to be appointed; or for nominations to be made by ballot; or by mail. [See Nominations and Elections, 66.]
Closing and Reopening Nominations. Before proceeding to an election, if nominations have been made from the floor or by a committee, the chair should inquire if there are any further nominations. If there is no response he declares the nominations closed. In very large bodies it is customary to make a motion to close nominations, but until a reasonable time has been given, this motion is not in order. It is a main motion, incidental to the nominations and elections, cannot be debated, can be amended as to the time, but can have no other subsidiary motion applied to it. It yields to privileged motions, and requires a two-thirds vote as it deprives members of one of their rights.
If for any reason it is desired to reopen nominations it may be done by a majority vote. This motion is undebatable. It can be amended as to the time, but no other subsidiary motion can be applied to it. It yields to privileged motions.
27. Requests Growing out of the Business of the Assembly. During the meetings of a deliberative assembly there are occasions when members wish to obtain information, or to do or to have done things that necessitate their making a request. Among these are the following, which will be treated separately:
(a) Parliamentary Inquiry;
(b) Request for Information;
(c) Leave to Withdraw a Motion;
(d) Reading Papers;
(e) To be Excused from a Duty;
(f) For any other Privilege.
(a) Parliamentary Inquiry. A parliamentary inquiry, if it relates to a question that requires immediate attention, may be made while another has the floor, or may even. interrupt a speech. It should not, however, be permitted to interrupt a speaker any more than is necessary to do justice to the inquirer. It yields to privileged motions, if they were in order when the inquiry was made, and it cannot be debated or amended or have any other subsidiary motion applied to it. The inquirer does not obtain the floor, but rises and says, "Mr. Chairman, I rise to a parliamentary inquiry." The chairman asks him to state his inquiry, and if he deems it pertinent, he answers it. Or, if the inquiry is made when another has the floor, and there is no necessity for answering it until the speech is finished, the chair may defer his answer until the speaker has closed his remarks. While it is not the duty of the chairman to answer questions of parliamentary law in general, it is his duty when requested by a member, to answer any questions on parliamentary law pertinent to the pending business that may be necessary to enable the member to make a suitable motion or to raise a point of order. The chairman is supposed to be familiar with parliamentary law, while many of the members are not. A member wishing to raise a point of order and yet in doubt, should rise to a parliamentary inquiry and ask for information. Or, for instance, he may wish to have the assembly act immediately on a subject that is in the hands of a committee, and he does not know how to accomplish it; -- his recourse is a parliamentary inquiry.
(b) Request for Information. A request for information relating to the pending business is treated just as a parliamentary inquiry, and has the same privileges. The inquirer rises and says, "Mr. Chairman, I rise for information," or, "I rise to a point of information," whereupon the chair directs him to state the point upon which he desires information, and the procedure continues as in case of a parliamentary inquiry. If the information is desired of the speaker, instead of the chair, the inquirer upon rising says, "Mr. Chairman, I should like to ask the gentleman a question." The chairman inquires if the speaker is willing to be interrupted, and if he consents, he directs the inquirer to proceed. The inquirer then asks the question through the chair, thus, "Mr. Chairman, I should like to ask the gentleman," etc. The reply is made in the same way, as it is not in order for members to address one another in the assembly. While each speaker addresses the chair, the chair remains silent during the conversation. If the speaker consents to the interruption the time consumed is taken out of his time.
(c) Leave to Withdraw or Modify a Motion.1 A request for leave to withdraw a motion, or a motion to grant such leave, may be made at any time before voting on the question has commenced, even though the motion has been amended. It requires no second. It may be made while incidental or subsidiary motions are pending, and these motions cease to be before the assembly when the question to which they are incidental or subsidiary is withdrawn. It yields to privileged motions, and cannot be amended or have any other subsidiary motion applied to it. It is undebatable. When it is too late to renew it, the motion to reconsider cannot be withdrawn without unanimous consent. When a motion is withdrawn, the effect is the same as if it had never been made. Until a motion is stated by the chairman, the mover may withdraw or modify it without asking consent of any one. If he modifies it the seconder may withdraw his second. After the question has been stated it is in possession of the assembly, and he can neither withdraw nor modify it without the consent of the assembly. When the mover requests permission to modify or withdraw his motion, the chair asks if there is any objection, and if there is none he announces that the motion is withdrawn or modified in such and such a way, as the case may be. If any one objects the chair puts the question on granting the request, or a motion may be made to grant it. In case the mover of a main motion wishes to accept an amendment that has been offered, without obtaining the floor, he says, "Mr. Chairman, I accept the amendment." If no objection is made the chair announces the question as amended. If any one objects, the chair states the question on the amendment, as it can be accepted only by general consent. A request for leave to do anything is treated the same as a motion to grant the leave except that the request must be made by the maker of the motion it is proposed to modify, while the motion to grant the leave is made by some one else and therefore requires no second as it is favored by the one making the request.
(d) Reading Papers. If any member objects, a member has no right to read, or have the clerk read, from any paper or book, as a part of his speech, without the permission of the assembly. The request or the motion to grant such permission yields to privileged motions. It cannot be debated, or amended, or have any other subsidiary motion applied to it. It is customary, however, to allow members to read printed extracts as parts of their speeches, as long as they do not abuse the privilege.
Where papers are laid before the assembly, every member has a right to have them read once, or if there is debate or amendment he has the right to have them read again, before he can be compelled to vote on them. Whenever a member asks for the reading of any such paper evidently for information, and not for delay, the chair should direct it to be read, if no one objects. But a member has not the right to have anything read (excepting as stated above) without permission of the assembly. If a member was absent from the hall when the paper under consideration was read, even though absent on duty, he cannot insist on its being again read, as the convenience of the assembly is of more importance than that of a single member.
(e) To be Excused from a Duty. If a member is elected to office, or appointed on a committee, or has any other duty placed on him, and he is unable or unwilling to perform the duty, if present he should decline it immediately, and if absent he should, upon learning of the fact, at once notify the secretary or president orally or in writing that he cannot accept the duty. In most organizations members cannot be compelled to accept office or perform any duties not required by the by-laws, and therefore they have the right to decline office. But if a member does not immediately decline, by his silence he accepts the office, and is under obligation to perform the duty until there has been a reasonable opportunity for his resignation to be accepted. The secretary, for instance, cannot relieve himself from the responsibility of his office by resigning. His responsibility as secretary does not cease until his resignation is accepted, or, at least, until there has been a reasonable time for its acceptance. It is seldom good policy to decline to accept a resignation. As a member has no right to continue to hold an office the duties of which he cannot or will not perform, so a society has no right to force an office on an unwilling member. When a member declines an office, no motion is necessary, unless the by-laws of the society make the performance of such duties obligatory upon members. If the member is present at the election, the vacancy is filled as if no one had been elected. If the member was not present at the election, when the chair announces his refusal to take the office, as it is a question of privilege relating to the organization of the society, the election to fill the vacancy may take place at once unless notice is required, or other provision for filling vacancies is provided by the by-laws. In the case of a resignation, the chair may at once state the question on accepting it, or a motion to that effect may be made. In either case it is debatable and may have any subsidiary motion applied to it. It yields to privileged and incidental motions.
(f) Request for Any Other Privilege. When any request is to be made the member rises and addresses the chair, and as soon as he catches the eye of the chairman, states at once why he rises. He should rise as soon as a member yields the floor, and, though the floor is assigned to another, he still makes his request. He should never interrupt a member while speaking unless he is sure that the urgency of the case justifies it. As a rule all such questions are settled by general consent, or informally, but, if objection is made, a vote is taken. An explanation may be requested or given, but there is no debate. As these requests arise, they should be treated so as to interrupt the proceedings as little as is consistent with the demands of justice.
1. In Congress a motion "may be withdrawn at any time before a decision or amendment." H.R. Rule 16, §2. The rule given above, which is in accordance with the common parliamentary law, is better adapted to ordinary assemblies.
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