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PDF2 Add To My Favorites | Version: 09/21/11 - Chaptered 09/08/11 - Enrolled 09/07/11 - Amended Senate 09/02/11 - Amended Senate 05/19/11 - Introduced
AB-32 Education finance.(2011-2012)
AB32:v95#DOCUMENT
Assembly Bill No. 32
An act to amend Sections 41210, 76300, and 84321.6 of, to add Section 42285.5 to, and to add and repeal Section 84321.8 of, the Education Code, and to amend Item 6110-488 of Section 2.00 of the Budget Act of 2011, relating to education finance, and making an appropriation therefor, to take effect immediately, bill related to the budget.
[ Approved by Governor September 20, 2011. Filed with Secretary of State September 21, 2011. ]
AB 32, Blumenfield. Education finance.
(1) Pursuant to existing law, the amount of General Fund revenues appropriated for school districts and community college districts is a component of calculations required for purposes of the provisions of the California Constitution requiring minimum funding for the public schools. Existing law states that specified sales and use tax revenues transferred pursuant to certain provisions of the Revenue and Taxation Code are not General Fund revenues for these purposes.
This bill would make a technical change in this provision to correct a cross-reference.
(2) Existing law establishes an education funding system under which the Superintendent of Public Instruction apportions to each qualifying school district state aid funds in an amount not to exceed its revenue limit, an amount that is largely based on the district's average daily attendance, which is computed as specified. Existing law authorizes specified school districts to calculate their revenue limits in a different manner if the school district includes a necessary small high school, which is defined as a high school with an average daily attendance of less than 301 that meets prescribed conditions.
This bill would, for the purpose of calculating apportionments for school districts with necessary small high schools, authorize a school district to include average daily attendance in grades 7 and 8 and the instructors of grade 7 and 8 pupils in the calculation of average daily attendance and number of certificated employees employed in the 2011–12 fiscal year if the school district included average daily attendance in grades 7 and 8 and the instructors of grade 7 and 8 pupils in the calculation of average daily attendance and certificated employees employed in the 2010–11 fiscal year.
(3) Existing law requires the governing board of each community college district to charge each student a fee, and sets that fee at $36 per unit per semester, effective with the fall term of 2011–12 academic year. Existing law repeals these provisions January 1, 2012, as specified.
This bill instead would repeal these provisions May 1, 2011, as specified.
(4) Existing law requires the governing board of each community college district to charge each student a fee, and sets that fee at $36 per unit per semester. Existing law requires this fee to be raised to $46 per unit per semester, effective with the winter term of the 2011–12 academic year, if the Director of Finance reduces specified appropriations as described above. Existing law makes these provisions operative January 1, 2012, as specified.
This bill would specify that the raising of this fee to $46 per unit per semester would occur effective with the summer term of the 2012 calendar year. The bill would provide a statement of legislative intent relating to this delay in the fee increase. This bill instead would make these provisions operative May 1, 2011, as specified.
(5) Existing law requires the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges to adopt regulations for the payment of apportionments to community college districts. Existing law, notwithstanding the authority of the board of governors in this respect, makes various adjustments to the payment of these apportionments.
This bill would specify that these adjustments would be operative commencing with the 2011–12 fiscal year. The bill would also specify certain apportionments that would be delayed from the months of January to June, inclusive, 2011, until July 2011. The bill would appropriate $832,000,000 from the General Fund to the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges for apportionment to community college districts, for expenditure during the 2011–12 fiscal year, to be expended in accordance with a specified item of the Budget Act of 2010.
(6) An existing item of the Budget Act of 2011 reappropriates 19 balances from various General Fund budget items to the State Department of Education for specified purposes.
This bill would amend this item to delete one of these balances and to add 12 more of these balances, thereby making an appropriation.
(7) The funds appropriated by this bill would be applied toward the minimum funding requirements for school districts and community college districts imposed by Section 8 of Article XVI of the California Constitution.
(8) The California Constitution authorizes the Governor to declare a fiscal emergency and to call the Legislature into special session for that purpose. Governor Schwarzenegger issued a proclamation declaring a fiscal emergency, and calling a special session for this purpose, on December 6, 2010. Governor Brown issued a proclamation on January 20, 2011, declaring and reaffirming that a fiscal emergency exists and stating that his proclamation supersedes the earlier proclamation for purposes of that constitutional provision.
This bill would state that it addresses the fiscal emergency declared and reaffirmed by the Governor by proclamation issued on January 20, 2011, pursuant to the California Constitution.
(9) This bill would declare that it is to take effect immediately as a bill providing for appropriations related to the Budget Bill.
Vote: MAJORITY Appropriation: YES Fiscal Committee: YES Local Program: NO
Section 41210 of the Education Code is amended to read:
(a) The revenues transferred pursuant to Sections 6051.15 and 6201.15 of the Revenue and Taxation Code are not "General Fund revenues" as that term is used in Section 8 of Article XVI of the California Constitution.
(b) This section shall be operative for the 2011–12 fiscal year and subsequent years so long as one or more ballot measures approved before November 17, 2012, authorize the determination in subdivision (a) and provide funding for school districts and community college districts in an amount equal to that which would have been provided if the revenues referenced in subdivision (a) were General Fund revenues for purposes of Section 8 of Article XVI of the California Constitution.
Section 42285.5 is added to the Education Code, to read:
(a) For purposes of subdivision (a) of Section 42284 and Section 42285, a school district may include average daily attendance in grades 7 and 8 and the instructors of grade 7 and 8 pupils in the calculation of average daily attendance and number of certificated employees employed in the 2011–12 fiscal year if the school district included average daily attendance in grades 7 and 8 and the instructors of grade 7 and 8 pupils in the calculation of average daily attendance and certificated employees employed in the 2010–11 fiscal year.
(b) Notwithstanding Sections 42284 and 42285, for purposes of this section, with respect to a school district eligible to utilize subdivision (a), any references to grades 9 to 12, inclusive, in Sections 42284 and 42285 shall be deemed instead to be references to grades 7 to 12, inclusive.
Section 76300 of the Education Code, as amended by Section 1 of Chapter 135 of the Statutes of 2011, is amended to read:
(a) The governing board of each community college district shall charge each student a fee pursuant to this section.
(b) (1) The fee prescribed by this section shall be thirty-six dollars ($36) per unit per semester, effective with the fall term of the 2011–12 academic year.
(2) The board of governors shall proportionately adjust the amount of the fee for term lengths based upon a quarter system, and also shall proportionately adjust the amount of the fee for summer sessions, intersessions, and other short-term courses. In making these adjustments, the board of governors may round the per unit fee and the per term or per session fee to the nearest dollar.
(c) For the purposes of computing apportionments to community college districts pursuant to Section 84750.5, the board of governors shall subtract, from the total revenue owed to each district, 98 percent of the revenues received by districts from charging a fee pursuant to this section.
(d) The board of governors shall reduce apportionments by up to 10 percent to any district that does not collect the fees prescribed by this section.
(e) The fee requirement does not apply to any of the following:
(1) Students enrolled in the noncredit courses designated by Section 84757.
(2) California State University or University of California students enrolled in remedial classes provided by a community college district on a campus of the University of California or a campus of the California State University, for whom the district claims an attendance apportionment pursuant to an agreement between the district and the California State University or the University of California.
(3) Students enrolled in credit contract education courses pursuant to Section 78021, if the entire cost of the course, including administrative costs, is paid by the public or private agency, corporation, or association with which the district is contracting and if these students are not included in the calculation of the full-time equivalent students (FTES) of that district.
(f) The governing board of a community college district may exempt special part-time students admitted pursuant to Section 76001 from the fee requirement.
(g) (1) The fee requirements of this section shall be waived for any student who, at the time of enrollment, is a recipient of benefits under the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families program, the Supplemental Security Income/State Supplementary Program, or a general assistance program or has demonstrated financial need in accordance with the methodology set forth in federal law or regulation for determining the expected family contribution of students seeking financial aid.
(2) The governing board of a community college district also shall waive the fee requirements of this section for any student who demonstrates eligibility according to income standards established by regulations of the board of governors.
(3) Paragraphs (1) and (2) may be applied to a student enrolled in the 2005–06 academic year if the student is exempted from nonresident tuition under paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 76140.
(h) The fee requirements of this section shall be waived for any student who, at the time of enrollment, is a dependent, or surviving spouse who has not remarried, of any member of the California National Guard who, in the line of duty and while in the active service of the state, was killed, died of a disability resulting from an event that occurred while in the active service of the state, or is permanently disabled as a result of an event that occurred while in the active service of the state. "Active service of the state," for the purposes of this subdivision, refers to a member of the California National Guard activated pursuant to Section 146 of the Military and Veterans Code.
(i) The fee requirements of this section shall be waived for any student who is the surviving spouse or the child, natural or adopted, of a deceased person who met all of the requirements of Section 68120.
(j) The fee requirements of this section shall be waived for any student in an undergraduate program, including a student who has previously graduated from another undergraduate or graduate program, who is the dependent of any individual killed in the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon or the crash of United Airlines Flight 93 in southwestern Pennsylvania, if that dependent meets the financial need requirements set forth in Section 69432.7 for the Cal Grant A Program and either of the following applies:
(1) The dependent was a resident of California on September 11, 2001.
(2) The individual killed in the attacks was a resident of California on September 11, 2001.
(k) A determination of whether a person is a resident of California on September 11, 2001, for purposes of subdivision (j) shall be based on the criteria set forth in Chapter 1 (commencing with Section 68000) of Part 41 of Division 5 for determining nonresident and resident tuition.
(l) (1) "Dependent," for purposes of subdivision (j), is a person who, because of his or her relationship to an individual killed as a result of injuries sustained during the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, qualifies for compensation under the federal September 11th Victim Compensation Fund of 2001 (Title IV (commencing with Section 401) of Public Law 107-42).
(2) A dependent who is the surviving spouse of an individual killed in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, is entitled to the waivers provided in this section until January 1, 2013.
(3) A dependent who is the surviving child, natural or adopted, of an individual killed in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, is entitled to the waivers under subdivision (j) until that person attains the age of 30 years.
(4) A dependent of an individual killed in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, who is determined to be eligible by the California Victim Compensation and Government Claims Board, is also entitled to the waivers provided in this section until January 1, 2013.
(m) (1) It is the intent of the Legislature that sufficient funds be provided to support the provision of a fee waiver for every student who demonstrates eligibility pursuant to subdivisions (g) to (j), inclusive.
(2) From funds provided in the annual Budget Act, the board of governors shall allocate to community college districts, pursuant to this subdivision, an amount equal to 2 percent of the fees waived pursuant to subdivisions (g) to (j), inclusive. From funds provided in the annual Budget Act, the board of governors shall allocate to community college districts, pursuant to this subdivision, an amount equal to ninety-one cents ($0.91) per credit unit waived pursuant to subdivisions (g) to (j), inclusive. It is the intent of the Legislature that funds provided pursuant to this subdivision be used to support the determination of financial need and delivery of student financial aid services, on the basis of the number of students for whom fees are waived. It also is the intent of the Legislature that the funds provided pursuant to this subdivision directly offset mandated costs claimed by community college districts pursuant to Commission on State Mandates consolidated Test Claims 99-TC-13 (Enrollment Fee Collection) and 00-TC-15 (Enrollment Fee Waivers). Funds allocated to a community college district for determination of financial need and delivery of student financial aid services shall supplement, and shall not supplant, the level of funds allocated for the administration of student financial aid programs during the 1992–93 fiscal year.
(n) The board of governors shall adopt regulations implementing this section.
(o) This section shall be inoperative and is repealed on May 1, 2012, only if subdivision (b) of Section 3.94 of the Budget Act of 2011 is operative.
(b) (1) The fee prescribed by this section shall be forty-six dollars ($46) per unit per semester, effective with the summer term of the 2012 calendar year.
(h) The fee requirements of this section shall be waived for any student who, at the time of enrollment, is a dependent or surviving spouse who has not remarried, of any member of the California National Guard who, in the line of duty and while in the active service of the state, was killed, died of a disability resulting from an event that occurred while in the active service of the state, or is permanently disabled as a result of an event that occurred while in the active service of the state. "Active service of the state," for the purposes of this subdivision, refers to a member of the California National Guard activated pursuant to Section 146 of the Military and Veterans Code.
(3) A dependent who is the surviving child, natural or adopted, of an individual killed in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, is entitled to the waivers under subdivision (j) until that person attains 30 years of age.
(o) This section shall become operative on May 1, 2012, only if subdivision (b) of Section 3.94 of the Budget Act of 2011 is operative.
Section 84321.6 of the Education Code is amended to read:
(a) Notwithstanding any other law that governs the regulations adopted by the Chancellor of the California Community Colleges to disburse funds, the payment of apportionments to districts pursuant to Sections 84320 and 84321 shall be adjusted, commencing with the 2011–12 fiscal year, by the following:
(1) For the month of June, two hundred twenty-one million five hundred thousand dollars ($221,500,000) shall be deferred to July.
(2) For the month of May, one hundred twenty-four million five hundred thousand dollars ($124,500,000) shall be deferred, of which one hundred three million dollars ($103,000,000) shall be deferred to July and twenty-one million five hundred thousand dollars ($21,500,000) shall be deferred to October.
(3) For the month of April, one hundred seventy-nine million five hundred thousand dollars ($179,500,000) shall be deferred, of which one hundred fifty-eight million dollars ($158,000,000) shall be deferred to July and twenty-one million five hundred thousand dollars ($21,500,000) shall be deferred to October.
(4) For the month of March, one hundred nineteen million five hundred thousand dollars ($119,500,000) shall be deferred, of which seventy-six million five hundred thousand dollars ($76,500,000) shall be deferred to July and forty-three million dollars ($43,000,000) shall be deferred to October.
(5) For the month of February, one hundred fifty-eight million dollars ($158,000,000) shall be deferred, of which one hundred thirty-six million five hundred thousand dollars ($136,500,000) shall be deferred to July and twenty-one million five hundred thousand dollars ($21,500,000) shall be deferred to October.
(6) For the month of January, one hundred fifty-eight million dollars ($158,000,000) shall be deferred, of which one hundred thirty-six million five hundred thousand dollars ($136,500,000) shall be deferred to July and twenty-one million five hundred thousand dollars ($21,500,000) shall be deferred to October.
(b) The sum of nine hundred sixty-one million dollars ($961,000,000) is hereby appropriated from the General Fund to the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges for apportionments to community college districts, for expenditure during the 2012–13 fiscal year, to be expended in accordance with Schedule (1) of Item 6870-101-0001 of Section 2.00 of the Budget Act of 2011.
(c) Of the funds appropriated in subdivision (b), eight hundred thirty-two million dollars ($832,000,000) shall be allocated in July of the 2012–13 fiscal year and one hundred twenty-nine million dollars ($129,000,000) shall be allocated in October in satisfaction of the moneys deferred pursuant to subdivision (a).
(d) For the purposes of making the computations required by Section 8 of Article XVI of the California Constitution, the appropriations made by subdivision (b) shall be deemed to be "General Fund revenues appropriated for community college districts," as defined in subdivision (d) of Section 41202, for the 2012–13 fiscal year, and included within the "total allocations to school districts and community college districts from General Fund proceeds of taxes appropriated pursuant to Article XIII B," as defined in subdivision (e) of Section 41202, for the 2012–13 fiscal year.
(a) The Legislature finds and declares both of the following:
(1) This section is intended to reaffirm legislative intent that the apportionment funding for the California Community Colleges that was deferred and appropriated pursuant to Section 84321.6, as added by Section 31 of Chapter 724 of the Statutes of 2010, is consistent with the Budget Act of 2010.
(2) Actions taken by the Department of Finance, the Controller's office, and the Chancellor's Office of the California Community Colleges to implement Section 84321.6, as added by Section 31 of Chapter 724 of the Statutes of 2010, are consistent with the Budget Act of 2010.
(b) Notwithstanding any other law that governs the regulations adopted by the Chancellor of the California Community Colleges to disburse funds, the payment of apportionments to districts pursuant to Sections 84320, 84321, and 84321.5 shall be adjusted by each of the following amounts:
(1) For the months of January and February 2011, one hundred thirty-six million five hundred thousand dollars ($136,500,000) shall be deferred from each of those months to July 2011.
(2) For the month of March 2011, seventy-six million five hundred thousand dollars ($76,500,000) shall be deferred to July 2011.
(3) For the month of April 2011, one hundred fifty-eight million dollars ($158,000,000) shall be deferred to July 2011.
(4) For the month of May 2011, one hundred three million dollars ($103,000,000) shall be deferred to July 2011.
(5) For the month of June 2011, two hundred twenty-one million five hundred thousand dollars ($221,500,000) shall be deferred to July 2011.
(c) The sum of eight hundred thirty-two million dollars ($832,000,000) is hereby appropriated from the General Fund to the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges for apportionments to community college districts, for expenditure during the 2011–12 fiscal year, to be expended in accordance with Schedule (1) of Item 6870–101–0001 of Section 2.00 of the Budget Act of 2010.
(d) The disbursal of funds appropriated in subdivision (c) shall be made in July 2011, and is in satisfaction of the moneys deferred pursuant to subdivision (b).
(e) For the purposes of making the computations required by Section 8 of Article XVI of the California Constitution, the appropriations made by subdivision (c) shall be deemed to be "General Fund revenues appropriated for community college districts," as defined in subdivision (d) of Section 41202, for the 2011–12 fiscal year, and included within the "total allocations to school districts and community college districts from General Fund proceeds of taxes appropriated pursuant to Article XIII B," as defined in subdivision (e) of Section 41202, for the 2011–12 fiscal year.
(f) This section shall become inoperative on July 1, 2012, and, as of January 1, 2013, is repealed, unless a later enacted statute, that becomes operative on or before January 1, 2013, deletes or extends the dates on which it becomes inoperative and is repealed.
Item 6110-488 of Section 2.00 of the Budget Act of 2011 is amended to read:
6110-488—Reappropriation, Department of Education. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the balances from the following items are available for reappropriation for the purposes specified in Provisions 1 to 5, inclusive:
0001—General Fund
(1) $24,000,000 of the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for child care programs in Schedules (1) and (1.5) of Item 6110-196-0001 of the Budget Act of 2010 (Ch. 712, Stats. 2010)
(2) $6,900,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount of the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for Economic Impact Aid in Item 6110-128-0001 of the Budget Act of 2010 (Ch. 712, Stats. 2010)
(3) $20,000,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount of the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for special education in Schedule (1) of Item 6110-161-0001 of the Budget Act of 2010 (Ch. 712, Stats. 2010)
(4) $15,121,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount of the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for the K–3 Class Size Reduction program in paragraph (9) of subdivision (a) of Section 38 of Chapter 12 of the Statutes of 2009
(5) $40,000,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount of the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for the Quality Education Investment Act in the 2010–11 fiscal year pursuant to Section 52055.770 of the Education Code
(7) $9,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount reflects the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for the English Language Learners Supplemental Instructional Materials program in paragraph (10) of subdivision (a) of Section 43 of Chapter 79 of the Statutes of 2006
(8) $6,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount reflects the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for the Agricultural Career Technical Education Program in Item 6110-167-0001 of the Budget Act of 2008 (Chs. 268 and 269, Stats. 2008)
(9) $973,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount reflects the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for the Class Size Reduction Program in Item 6110-234-0001 of the Budget Act of 2008 (Chs. 268 and 269, Stats. 2008)
(10) $422,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount represents the balance available from Schedule (1) of Item 6870-101-0001 of the Budget Act of 2006 (Chs. 47 and 48, Stats. 2006), as reappropriated in Item 6870-492 of the Budget Act of 2008 (Chs. 268 and 269, Stats. 2008)
(11) $902,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount represents the balance available from Schedules (7), (8), and (19) of Item 6870-101-0001 of the Budget Act of 2008 (Chs. 268 and 269, Stats. 2008)
(12) $1,039,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount reflects the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for Special Education Instruction in Schedule (2) of Item 6110-161-0001 of the Budget Act of 2009 (Ch. 1, 2009–10 3rd Ex. Sess., as revised by Ch. 1, 2009–10 4th Ex. Sess.)
(13) $82,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount reflects the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for Child Nutrition in Item 6110-651-0001, pursuant to Section 5 of Chapter 3 of the 2009–10 Fourth Extraordinary Session, as amended by Chapter 31 of the 2009–10 Third Extraordinary Session
(14) $267,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount reflects the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for the Supplemental School Counseling Program in Item 6110-108-0001 of the Budget Act of 2010 (Ch. 712, Stats. 2010)
(15) $15,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount reflects the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for the Special Education Program in Schedule (2) of Item 6110-161-0001 of the Budget Act of 2010 (Ch. 712, Stats. 2010)
(16) $30,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount reflects the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for the California Partnership Academies in Item 6110-166-0001 of the Budget Act of 2010 (Ch. 712, Stats. 2010)
(17) $418,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount reflects the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for the California High School Exit Exam Supplemental Instruction program in Item 6110-204-0001 of the Budget Act of 2010 (Ch. 712, Stats. 2010)
(18) $369,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount reflects the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for the Arts and Music Block Grant program in Item 6110-265-0001 of the Budget Act of 2010 (Ch. 712, Stats. 2010)
(19) $18,677,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount represents the balance available from Schedules (1), (7), (8), (9), and (19) of Item 6870-101-0001 of the Budget Act of 2009 (Ch. 1, 2009–10 3rd Ex. Sess., as revised by Ch. 1, 2009–10 4th Ex. Sess.)
(20) $33,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount reflects the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for the Charter Schools Facilities Grant Program in paragraph (11) of subdivision (a) of Section 43 of Chapter 79 of the Statutes of 2006.
(21) $413,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount reflects the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for the Charter Schools Facilities Grant Program pursuant to Section 47614.5 of the Education Code (Ch. 215, Stats. 2007).
(22) $18,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount reflects the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for the California Partnership Academies in Item 6110–166–0001 of the Budget Act of 2008 (Chs. 268 and 269, Stats. 2008).
(23) $201,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount reflects the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for the Supplemental School Counseling Program in Item 6110–108–0001 of the Budget Act of 2009 (Ch. 1, 2009–10 3rd Ex. Sess., as revised by Ch. 1, 2009–10 4th Ex. Sess.).
(24) $14,058,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount reflects the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for Special Education Instruction in Schedule (1) of Item 6110–161–0001 of the Budget Act of 2009 (Ch. 1, 2009–10 3rd Ex. Sess., as revised by Ch. 1, 2009–10 4th Ex. Sess.).
(25) $1,003,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount reflects the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for the California Partnership Academies in Item 6110–166–0001 of the Budget Act of 2009 (Ch. 1, 2009–10 3rd Ex. Sess., as revised by Ch. 1, 2009–10 4th Ex. Sess.).
(26) $1,334,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount reflects the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for the Charter School Economic Impact Aid Program in Schedule (2) of Item 6110–211–0001 of the Budget Act of 2009 (Ch. 1, 2009–10 3rd Ex. Sess., as revised by Ch. 1, 2009–10 4th Ex. Sess.).
(27) $1,275,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount reflects the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for Special Education Instruction in Item 6110–650–0001 (pursuant to Sec. 5, Ch. 3, 2009–10 4th Ex. Sess., as revised by Ch. 31, 2009–10 3rd Ex. Sess.).
(28) $48,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount reflects the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for the English Language Tutoring program in Item 6110–227–0001 of the Budget Act of 2010 (Ch. 712, Stats. 2010).
(29) $29,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount reflects the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for the Physical Education Incentive Grants program in Item 6110–260–0001 of the Budget Act of 2010 (Ch. 712, Stats. 2010).
(30) $18,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount reflects the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for the Certificated Staff Mentoring program in Item 6110–267–0001 of the Budget Act of 2010 (Ch. 712, Stats. 2010).
(31) $5,337,000 or whatever greater or lesser amount reflects the unexpended balance of the amount appropriated for the After School Education and Safety program in Item 6110–649–0001 in the 2008–09 fiscal year, pursuant to Sections 8483.5 and 8483.51 of the Education Code.
2. The sum of $5,303,000 is hereby reappropriated to the State Department of Education for transfer by the Controller to Section A of the State School Fund for allocation by the Superintendent of Public Instruction to support costs during the 2011–12 fiscal year associated with the Class Size Reduction Program operated pursuant to Chapter 6.10 (commencing with Section 52120) of Part 28 of Division 4 of Title 2 of the Education Code.
3. The sum of $5,673,000 is hereby reappropriated to the State Department of Education for transfer by the Controller to Section A of the State School Fund for allocation by the Superintendent of Public Instruction to support California School Information Services administration activities authorized pursuant to Schedule (2) of Item 6110-140-0001.
4. The sum of $142,021,000 is hereby reappropriated to the State Department of Education for transfer by the Controller to Section A of the State School Fund for allocation by the Superintendent of Public Instruction for apportionment for special education programs pursuant to Part 30 (commencing with Section 56000) of Division 4 of Title 2 of the Education Code.
SEC. 8.It is the intent of the Legislature that reductions made by community college districts in the 2011–12 fiscal year pursuant to paragraph (13) of subdivision (b) of Section 3.94 of the Budget Act of 2011 reflect the one-time nature of the budget reduction imposed in that section as a result of delaying the ten dollar ($10) per unit student fee increase from the winter term to the summer term of the 2011–12 academic year. Until the increased fees are collected, community college districts should, to the extent possible, make every effort to implement reductions in a manner that will minimize the impact on course offerings and programs needed by students to achieve their basic skills, workforce training, or transfer goals.
This act addresses the fiscal emergency declared and reaffirmed by the Governor by proclamation on January 20, 2011, pursuant to subdivision (f) of Section 10 of Article IV of the California Constitution.
SEC. 10.
This act is a bill providing for appropriations related to the Budget Bill within the meaning of subdivision (e) of Section 12 of Article IV of the California Constitution, has been identified as related to the budget in the Budget Bill, and shall take effect immediately.


Gorgeous pastoral views from this cute 2 bdrm, 2 bath unit at Nautica South. Building is in great shape with a newer roof (3 years) and lots of building upgrades. Great layout with separated bedrooms and an east facing balcony. Storage/pantry off the kitchen. Bike room, close to the shipyards and boardwalk, come live the Steveston lifestyle.


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I often fail to understand the term called 'fashion'. You never know when the weirdest sounding thing might turn into the hottest of fashion statements among the fashionistas.
Now, instead of the cumbersome deal of rushing to the beauty salons every week to get shiny nails with regular pedicure and manicure, people are rushing to get nail tattoos done, which are getting more fashionable and popular in the world of beauty.
Make no mistake about it, the tattoo industry is hot property. There are an estimated over 20,000 parlors operating in the United States, according to a U.S. News & World Report article, which said, on the average, an establishment is being added in the country every day. The article ranked tattooing as the sixth fastest growing retail venture of the 1990s, right behind Internet, paging services, bagels, computer and cellular phone service.
I am sure body tattoos are a familiar trend today with its creasing prominence in the past decade but about nail tattoos, it's only a recent rage among the fashion conscious generation.
Nail Art is growing immensely popular with women of all ages and cultures. Attention to detail is one asset that comes with class, and so nail art is gaining popularity with people who care to be in vogue and make a subtle style statement. People don't have much time to spare on nails. So nail tattoos are the ideal option since it costs less as compared to the proper nail art kit. Using a super fine needle, the tattoo artist goes through the first few layers of your nail to create an extremely detailed image directly onto the nail. People love the intricate, as well as the thrill of doing something a little different that is not permanent—as the nail grows out, so does the tattoo.
A simple nail tattoo takes about five minutes, while more complicated images require up to 15. Single-needle tattoo machines are used to implant micro-pigmentation, etching the art onto the nail in a process varyingly described as painless or mildly irritating.


text:
Of Monsters and Men is een vijfkoppige indiefolk-/pop-/rock-band uit Keflavík, IJsland. De band bestaat uit zangeres en gitariste Nanna Bryndís Hilmarsdóttir, zanger en gitarist Ragnar "Raggi" Þórhallsson, gitarist Brynjar Leifsson, drummer Arnar Rósenkranz Hilmarsson en bassist Kristján Páll Kristjánsson.

Geschiedenis

Formatie
Na verschillende solo-projecten begon Of Monsters and Men in 2010 als kwartet met bandleden Nanna, Raggi, Brynjar en Arnar. Na de experimentele IJslandse muziekcompetitie Músíktilraunir van 2010 werd het kwartet uitgebreid tot een sextet. Deze formatie toerde langs verschillende evenementen in IJsland en werkte tegelijkertijd aan nieuw materiaal. In 2012 besloot voormalig piano/accordeonspeler Árni Guðjónsson de band te verlaten om zich op zijn opleiding te richten.

Doorbraak
In februari 2011 tekende de band een contract bij Record Records voor de release van hun debuutalbum in IJsland. Dit album, My head is an animal, werd in september 2011 uitgegeven in IJsland en vrijwel meteen stegen het album en de single Little talks naar nummer één.

Ondertussen kreeg de band ook internationaal steeds meer naamsbekendheid. Mede door het succes van Little talks in de Verenigde Staten tekende de band een contract bij Universal Music voor de wereldwijde release van het debuutalbum. Zowel single als album waren in veel landen succesvol, waaronder de Verenigde Staten, Australië, Canada, het Verenigd Koninkrijk en Duitsland. In Nederland en Vlaanderen werd Little talks eveneens een hit en behaalde het album goede verkoopcijfers.

Of Monsters and Men was de winnaar van de 2013 European Border Breakers Award. De European Border Breakers Awards (EBBA) zijn prijzen die jaarlijks worden uitgereikt aan tien jonge veelbelovende Europese artiesten die het jaar ervoor succesvol buiten de eigen landsgrenzen debuteerden.

In 2015 verscheen het tweede studioalbum van de band, Beneath the skin. In juli 2019 kwam Of Monsters and Men met hun nieuwe album; Fever Dream. De nieuwste single daarvan, Alligator, werd in mei van dat jaar uitgebracht.

Optredens
Of Monsters and Men heeft voor de tweede maal in België optreden op Pukkelpop in 2012. Hun eerste concert in België gaven ze in een uitverkochte AB Club op woensdag 25 april 2012. In Nederland heeft de band opgetreden op Lowlands 2012. Ook hebben ze eerder in Bitterzoet, en later voor een uitverkocht Paradiso gestaan. In 2019 kwam de band wederom met optredens naar Europa. Op 6 november van dat jaar werd TivoliVredenburg aangedaan.

Bandleden

Discografie

Albums

|-
|align="left"|Into the Woods||20-12-2011||-||-||-|| EP
|-
|align="left"|My Head Is an Animal||06-04-2012||14-04-2012||5||49|| Releasedatum IJsland: 20-09-2011
|-
|align="left"|Live from Vatnagarðar||10-12-2013||-||-||-||
|-
|align="left"|Beneath the Skin||08-06-2015||13-06-2015||17||3||
|-
|align="left"|Fever Dream||26-07-2019||-||-||-||
|}

|-
|align="left"|My Head Is an Animal||2012||21-04-2012||14||60||
|-
|align="left"|Beneath the Skin||2015||20-06-2015||23||15||
|-
|align="left"|Fever Dream||2019||03-08-2019||81||1||
|}

Singles

|-
|align="left"|Little Talks||09-01-2012||07-04-2012||16||19|| Nr. 18 in de Single Top 100
|-
|align="left"|Dirty Paws||12-04-2012||-||-||-||
|-
|align="left"|Mountain Sound||24-09-2012||-||-||-||
|-
|align="left"|King and Lionheart||11-02-2013||-||-||-||
|-
|align="left"|Crystals||16-03-2015||-||-||-||
|-
|align="left"|I of the Storm||2015||-||-||-||
|-
|align="left"|Empire||08-06-2015||-||-||-||
|-
|align="left"|Hunger||16-11-2015||-||-||-||
|-
|align="left"|Wolves Without Teeth||2015||-||-||-||
|-
|align="left"|Alligator||03-05-2019||-||-||-||
|-
|align="left"|Wild Roses||12-07-2019||-||-||-||
|-
|align="left"|Wars||01-11-2019||-||-||-||
|-
|align="left"|Visitor||2020||-||-||-||
|}

|-
|align="left"|Little Talks||2012||28-04-2012||3||24|| Nr. 2 in de Radio 2 Top 30
|-
|align="left"|Mountain Sound||21-08-2012||29-09-2012||tip 3||-||
|-
|align="left"|Crystals||16-03-2015||20-06-2015||tip 75||-||
|}

Radio 2 Top 2000

IJslandse band

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Delta Goodrem has finally set the record straight about her relationship status and current 'boyfriend'.
Appearing on the KiisFM's Kyle and Jackie O Show this morning, The Voice coach broke her silence about her dating life.
"Who's the new bloke, since you're not talking about it," Kyle Sandilands asked.
"I'm single," Goodrem, 33, laughed.
A shocked Jackie O exclaimed "are you", admitting that she thought the 'Think About You' singer had a boyfriend.
Since she is single, Jackie asked whether the singer would appear on The Bachelorette.
"It would be hilariously fun, but no."
Sydney Confidential reported earlier this year that the former Neighbours actress was dating musician Matthew Copley.
This article originally appeared WHO.


Acre is a division of Mission Workshop, the specialist Apparel and Bag manufacturer based in San Francisco, CA. Acre provide kit for us mountain bikers and for out of bounds riding that can handle a lifetime of abuse and apparel that can withstand the worst weather. "The Acre Trail System is a culmination of a life spent in the wild." All Acre bags carry a lifetime guarantee which covers defects in materials and craftsmanship.


New rock wall for Nedlands!
Stage 2 of a river wall restoration project has been completed in Nedlands.
The rock revetment was designed and chosen because it can absorb the erosive forces of the water and protect the adjacent foreshore emabankment.
To read more about the project visit All in all another rock saves river foreshore.


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Upper Madison
Entertainment Application
About UMIG
What's UMIG?
Upper Madison Brochure
Steamer 10 Firehouse
The Madison Theatre
Railroad Pioneers
Glass School
2011 Neighborhood Vision prepared by Kevin Boucher
Commissioned by Upper Madison Improvement Group (formerly Beautify Upper Madison Project), a coalition of neighborhood associations in the surrounding area, the 2011 Upper Madison Neighborhood Vision provides a general roadmap for the future of the Upper Madison business district. The final report is available here. It is a large file, allow time for it to download.
Monument Park Development Plan
Monument Park is a triangular sliver of green space at the convergence of two major arteries, Western Avenue and Madison Avenues which defines the Upper Madison District. It has two distinguishing features: a granite monument in the center commemorating World War service persons, and an historical marker designating the location point where the first steam-powered passenger train in the country, the DeWitt Clinton locomotive, departed from Albany on a new rail corridor bound for Schenectady.
As an important landmark in the City, Monument Park should be the focus of the identification of Upper Madison as a unique district.
Beautify Upper Madison Project with the assistance of some of our business partners has obtained the services of a landscape architect to develop a plan to upgrade the Park by creating a pocket park as a communal space of tranquility which will highlight these two historical elements.
We welcome your thoughts and contributions as we move toward this goal.
Madison Avenue Traffic Calming
Why are there almost twice as many vehicle infractions on Madison Avenue than on Western Avenue, even though approximately 5,000 fewer cars a day travel on Madison? Madison's four lanes of traffic, instead of two on Western, may be the cause. Since 2005, a citizen's committee has researched the issue and conducted a public education campaign calling for a study on the feasibility of traffic calming on Madison Avenue through lane reduction.
Some of the benefits of lane reduction are: increased safety for all users, of all ages (bicyclists, pedestrians, drivers); reduced speeding, passing, and red-light running; fewer accidents due to fewer points of conflict and enhanced visibility; growth of local businesses; less traffic congestion and a smoother ride; improved emergency response vehicle access through use of the middle lane; greater bus maneuverability due to increased lane space; and improved air quality.
The group presented the proposal to a variety of business, neighborhood and institutional organizations throughout the city and after receiving the endorsement of approximately 30 such groups, brought the proposal to the Albany Common Council, which endorsed it in the fall of 2010.
In 2011, the Albany Police Department requested and Mayor Jennings's budget included funds for the study. The funding was passed as part of the final budget voted on by the Common Council. In Spring 2012 the contract for the feasibility study was awarded to Creighton Manning, an engineering consulting firm. The study showed that Madison Avenue traffic calming through lane reduction is feasible, and the next step is to apply for funding for the work.
Pedestrians, businesses, bicyclists, and drivers would all benefit from a safer and more pleasant Madison Avenue.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


While most people think about Toys for Tots only around Christmas time, here at HealthMarkets we start a little earlier than that!
HealthMarkets support of the DFW Toys for Tots program began in 1986 probably the way most company programs do – employees pitching in donations as the holidays approach. However over the next 20+ years our employees have really taken this cause to heart and support of the program has grown into a year-round event!
Recently we held our HealthMarkets 2015 Toys for Tots program kick-off event with a wonderful presentation by Major General Gossell USMC (RET), who brought a couple of members of the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve with him in their dress uniforms. It was quite a sight!
It was also great to hear firsthand how much impact our program has on the families and children in need in our community. Especially touching was the story Major General Gossell told us about a little girl who donates her birthday presents every year to the Toys for Tots program and how much this program has touched his life. It was very inspiring and motivating to hear him talk about the Toys for Tots program – and what HealthMarkets support over the years has meant to it – on such a personal level.
And, although this was our official kick-off for our 2015 Toys for Tots program, our fundraising activities are already well underway. Our first event this year was an Easter Egg Hunt on March 28 for the HealthMarkets families. The Toys for Tots Easter Egg Hunt is an annual tradition here at HealthMarkets. Not only is it a fun way to raise money for Toys for Tots, it's also a great chance to hang out with co-workers with their families outside of the office. It's amazing seeing how much the kids have grown each year!
In addition to events that are held throughout the year, we also raise money for the program by selling popcorn and welcoming a variety of vendors to our building in North Richland Hills with a portion of the proceeds benefiting the Toys for Tots program. And next month, we will be holding a "Pages for Pennies" used book sale benefiting the Toys for Tots program.
This year is an especially exciting year for the HealthMarkets Toys for Tots program. We learned at our kick-off event that employees now have the opportunity to contribute to this program through payroll deduction and the company will match employee contributions!
It's exciting to see the HealthMarkets Toys for Tots program grow each year. It's a great feeling to know that the efforts of HealthMarkets and our employees support not only the Marine's efforts, but also the community and those children in need each holiday season and beyond.
Christy Farias has worked in Human Resources for over 10 years and is the Director of Human Resources for HealthMarkets. She lives in Funky Fort Worth with her husband Holland and their three young children. When not working or hanging with her friends and family, Christy enjoys books, science and other generally nerdy things.


Customer Service is the key to success for any airline to grow . 90 % of the passenger don't mind the queue , delays or any hassle at the airport if he has been provided with world class customer service and i am an individual who has inculcated and habituated customer service skills . i also share and teach the importance of customer service with team members .
i am very flexible and always ready to work out of the comfort zone and very professional with strong leadership qualities and work ethics .


text:
Q: The parameter 'num' should not be assigned (error) I am a new coder in Java and I'm encounter a tutorial about Palindrome that is giving me an error "The parameter 'num' should not be assigned in the highlighted line 16.
Can anyone take a look and offer some insight of what is causing this error?
The program runs correctly. but I am curious about this.
Thanks a lot! (See code below)
1 package javaTutorial;
2
3 public class IsPalindrome {
4
5   final static int num = 12321;
6
7   public static void main(String[] args) {
8       System.out.println(is_Palindrome(num));
9   }
10
11  public static int reverse(int num) {
12      int rev_num = 0;
13      while (num > 0) {
14          int r = num % 10;
15          rev_num = rev_num * 10 + r;
16          num /= 10; *************  ERROR
17      }
18      return rev_num;
19  }
20
21  public static boolean is_Palindrome(int num) {
22      if (num == reverse(num))
23          return true;
24      return false;
25  }
26 }

A: It's telling you that it's poor practice to reassign parameters.
Arguably, it's correct. Reassigning a parameter can make debugging slightly more difficult in some circumstances because after an iteration of the loop, you won't be able to see what data was passed into the function originally since you overwrote num. To fix it, create a secondary variable that you reassign:
public static int reverse(int num) {
    int rev_num = 0;
    int acc_num = num; // Here
    while (acc_num > 0) { //The use it instead
        int r = acc_num % 10;
        rev_num = rev_num * 10 + r;
        acc_num /= 10;
    }
    return rev_num;
}

Note how num never changes.
But no, this is not an actual error. It's just telling you what it considers to be best practice.

A: Type of your num variable is final, which, in java, means the value of a variable can't be changed. I suppose that's the reason for the error.
Wikipedia:
in the Java programming language, the final keyword is used in several contexts to define an entity that can only be assigned once.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
BoostGrowth
Project Growth
Retained Growth
Pyramid Analytics
Workfusion
Findings Wins the Ayn Rand ATLAS Award for 'Best Supply Chain Management Start-Up of 2022'
By Luke DaltonNo Comments
Declared as the Supply Chain Management award winner out of 16 finalists
FINDINGS, the supply chain compliance automation company, won the Ayn Rand ATLAS Award for its innovative technology that allows companies of all sizes to benefit from comprehensive and affordable end-to-end compliance assurance and monitoring for their entire supply chain. The ATLAS award is a joint effort also with AWS, Startup Nation Central, the IAI, and others.
"Candidates for the Atlas Award are companies chosen amongst Israel's most innovative start-ups that meet the criteria for excellence," stated the Atlas Award committee.
Read More: SalesTechStar Interview with Joshua Hoffman, Chief Revenue Officer at Netrix Global
Findings is a state-of-the-art B2B risk monitoring platform that supports best practices and tailor-made risk assessment and performance monitoring in multiple domains, including cybersecurity, privacy, ESG, and trade compliance. It has been adopted globally by innovative companies, forward-thinking organizations, financial institutions, critical infrastructure, defense contractors, and government institutions, among others.
"Enterprises experience a common problem across the industry of manual, tedious and costly processes to run assessments' data capture, validation and continuous monitoring for their supply chains," said Kobi Freedman, Co-Founder and CEO of Findings. "The small fraction of visibility along with the current industry's cost structure enables a company's security, ESG or procurement teams to manage only top vendors and neglect the long-tail of suppliers, while both objective risks, as well as regulatory compliance requirements evolving in recent years, require complete and continuous visibility for the entire vendor base and BOM (Bill Of Materials) relationships."
"We started Findings after experiencing the friction in the market," said Jonatan Perry, Co-Founder and CTO of Findings. "We are thrilled to solve supply chain visibility gaps for small companies and some of the world's biggest enterprises alike."
Read More: Where Deals Go To Die. Closing the Buyer-seller Gap
Who does Findings provide its supply chain management solutions for?
Findings offer cost-effective and scalable solutions, fully customizable to the user's risk program, that provides best practices and customized capabilities for Enterprises, Vendors, and their N-tier supply chain alike.
Findings enable companies to get full, real-time, continuous visibility across their entire supply chain by using custom integrations, tools, and automation capabilities.
Luke DaltonJanuary 28, 2023
Pitch Deck Teardown: Orange's $2.5M seed deck
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Happy Tuesday, friends! I am back from Spain, and it was a truly wonderful week of beautiful scenery, all the gorgeous cultural and historical sights, and tons of good food. I will be writing a post on this soon. Yet for today, I wanted to discuss something that has been on my mind lately: the habit of adoration.
What if praise — therefore, the adoration of God — is the key to developing a relationship with God? As believers, we have this list of things we need to do to connect with God. We know we need to pray at all times, and that we should read the Bible on a daily basis. Yet, I am finding that these can become routine. Which is a good thing, in a way. But that does not exactly cultivate your relationship with the Lord.
One thing that can bring us closer to the Lord? Is praise. We fix our eyes on what God has done, and we praise Him for it. We praise Him for all the good that He has done. And for all the good that He is doing. As we learn to take up the habit of adoration and pouring out praise, it will take more space in the folds of our hearts. Praise will start to echo in our souls as we carry on through the days. After all, out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaks.
Soon adoration will grace our conversations. We simply cannot not talk about God and praise Him.
And so this adoration is not only for us; but it is for others as well. Timothy Keller put it this way. Just think of the way we recommend a book or a movie to a friend. It's not just because we adore that thing. Rather, we recommend it to our friends because in our minds, it's their loss if they do not experience it.
Friend, there is something so beautiful and wonderful about listening to someone talk about how amazing God is. About what He has done, all the miracles He has done. When we do that, we will encourage others to do the same: to look at God and be filled with awe.
It is time for our link-up once again. As you are leaving a link to your blog post here, remember to visit other people's post as well. Leave a note of grace and encourage one another.
Adoration – it's the initial posture of our prayers as laid out in the Lord's prayer; it shifts our focus; it humbles us; it removes cynicism; it yields greater love.
Ronja, adoration changes us, removing our focus from ourselves and all that is wrong, to the greatness of our God and all He done. Wonderful reminder to start my week!
So true! Isn't that what we all need to be reminded of so often, to shift our focus from ourselves to Jesus. 🙂 Thank you stopping by here today! God bless you!
Ronja, I love the way you explained how filling our hearts with praise impacts us and others! What is in our hearts will always come out!
Thank you, Donna! It is so true, though, isn't it — what is in our hearts will come out in our speech. Which is a wonderful reason to fill our hearts with praise and adoration. 🙂 Thank you for stopping by here today!
I love how you put this! It makes it so easy to understand the importance of sharing our faith and why we share our faith. Thank you!
Thank you so much, Emily! Thinking about this sure encouraged me to fill my heart with praise and to share it with others. Thank you for stopping by here today! God bless you!
Thank you, Debbie! The vacation sure came at a great time. 🙂 Blessings to you, friend!
Adoration, and true worship, getting to know the pure love of Christ.
"Everything finds its way to the doorstep of praise." (Eugene Peterson) Love the reminders!
Lovely finding you & your link up, visiting from Recharge Wednesday. But have left "Relationships" with you.
Praise is so important in our relationship with the Father, your correct it breaks us out of the rut of complacency.
I love this! Since having my daughter I have found a new meaning to the phrase "faith like a child". She is always filled with such wonder and adoration for the world around her. I think that's exactly the type of adoration we want and need to have towards God. Thanks for the reminder!


text:
"Coronaviruses cause a brief (and poor) antibody response which does NOT allow the creation of effective vaccines"
Dr. Massimo Citro's Second Reply to Dr. Gwyneth A. Spaeder
Dear Dr. Spaeder,
Thank you for your reply. I have the highest esteem for you and for the world-famous institution from which you graduated, so I am sure that you will not be able to deny that coronaviruses cause a brief (and poor) antibody response (they may not even respond, sometimes) which does not allow the creation of effective vaccines against single-chain RNA viruses — for which failed attempts have been made in which the grave and frequent risks (Antibody-Dependent Enhancement, first of all) are superior to the benefits, that with these types of viruses you can never achieve the so-called herd immunity and that you should not vaccinate during the period of an epidemic, especially with these families of viruses, in order not to favor the mutations which flee from the vaccine as well as ADE and vaccine-resistance.
Our common scientific preparation must make us recognize that these are gene-based vaccines and, as such, are subject to the regulations of GMO drugs. This must be made clear to the public, just as it must be made clear that, although they have obtained conditional authorization, they do not de facto lose the characteristic of experimentation (since there is not yet sufficient data to establish their efficacy and safety). These molecules are already used in various oncological and lung diseases (such as cystic fibrosis and so on) but it is the first time ever that they are being used as vaccines. Personally, I think that all compulsory vaccines, including vaccines used on children, in the military and those imposed for work reasons, constitute a violation of the ethical codes of individual freedom.
We come to what you call the crux of our disagreement the way we assign value to medical research and publications. As an independent researcher, I usually study mainly serious publications in serious journals, selecting studies not polluted by partisan sponsorships or conflicts of interest. There is a need to be very cautious and attentive because self-referential or partisan studies (which today, as you well know, unfortunately constitute the majority) lack credibility. I remind you of the "Lancet-Gate" scandal: On May 22, 2020, in two of the most prestigious scientific journals, The Lancet and The New England Journal of Medicine, two studies claimed to have analyzed more than 96,000 records of COVID-19 patients from more than 600 hospitals in the world to prove that hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin are not only useless but even dangerous.
The studies were withdrawn two weeks later because they were phony, completely invented (the obvious purpose was to withdraw hydroxychloroquine from consideration as an excellent drug during the first phase of infection), as even the directors of the two journals admitted. Richard Horton himself (editor of The Lancet) had acknowledged in 2015 that "half of the scientific literature could be false" while the well-known epidemiologist John Ioannidis already argued in 2005, "most of the published studies are false, and many experiments are not replicable." So we must be very careful not to fall into the trap of "it is valid since it is published in an authoritative magazine." I am also in favor of rigorous and intellectually serious scientific investigation, and that is why I only consider works that bear the words "no financing, no conflicts of interest."
I only consider works that bear the words 'no financing, no conflicts of interest.'GabTweet
For example, with regard to spike prefusion (which I also talk about in my book Apocalisse [Apocalypse] — in the process of publication), you cite the article by the esteemed cardiologist Glen Pyle[1], which criticizes numerous studies from which, through pseudoviruses, it is clear that the spike alone is able to seriously damage the endothelium, causing the deadly damage that we know.
Pyle argues that the vaccinal spike does not go into the circulation and therefore cannot damage the endothelium since "the vaccine remains largely contained near the injection site," and he states this based on the Ols study[2], which, however, does not refer to SARS-CoV-2 but to HIV-1 — and he limits himself to arguing that "the intradermal administration of an mRNA vaccine (there is no mention of the vaccine for SARS-CoV-2) led to a more efficient activation of antigen-presenting cells at the injection site than intramuscular vaccination and was accompanied by transiently higher levels of vaccine-specific T cell responses and antibody concentrations."
This does not mean that the spike does not go into the circulation. In addition, the Ols study is funded by the NIH (historical partner of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation) and by IAVI (in turn funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation): conflicts of interest. Pyle reiterates that no significant amount of vaccine enters the circulation since the EMA has established this.
But what scientific credibility can an entity that is 84% funded by the pharmaceutical industry have? Pyle claims that this would happen thanks to the conformational change due to prefusion, and he does so by citing the article by Cross[3], which reports the claims of the two inventors of prefusion, but note that Barney S. Graham and Jason McLellan work with NIH, NIAID and Moderna and are entirely biased. There is no credible scientific validity in these claims. According to Pyle, the spike thus engineered would not be able to make the shape change necessary to bind effectively to cells and cites Corbett's study[4], in which several different authors, including Graham himself, are inventors who have made patent applications for spike prefusion and for a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2: conflicts of interest.
But what scientific credibility can an entity that is 84% funded by the pharmaceutical industry have?GabTweet
In the end, Pyle quotes verbatim that "in addition to designing the spike protein so that it cannot be fully activated, the protein is labeled with an extra piece still called transmembrane" and is based on Polack's well-known study[5] regarding the efficacy and safety of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, a study funded by Pfizer and BioNTech — zero credibility!
You will know that Derek Lowe has also tried to argue that the vaccine is drained from lymph and not from blood, but, unfortunately, Lowe has conflicts of interest with the pharmaceutical industry, having worked for Bayer, Vertex, Schering-Plough and Novartis and is a columnist for the Royal Society of Chemistry, whose "editorial policies meet the guidelines established by major funders" — including Wellcome, Research England, NIH, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, HHMI, UKRI and the European Commission. There is no evidence that spike vaccines do not go into circulation and produce damage, so how can it be said with certainty that the spike produced is harmless and that the contrary thesis is unfounded?
In contrast, Charles Hoffe states that only 25% of the vaccine remains at the injection site, while the other 75% reaches the circulation via the lymphatic system, damages the endothelium and increases coagulation (increase in the D-dimer) in more than 60% of patients. Hoffe has been harshly attacked, including by a study done by Imperial College London (repeatedly funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation), which has continually produced erroneous models of the epidemic. There is no evidence that the spike does not go into circulation; indeed, on the contrary, it has been seen that the spike vaccine circulates and is even conveyed by exosomes.[6]
In addition, C-terminal truncated and soluble spike variants spill into the lymphatic and blood circulation and tend to escape HLA (immune evasion syndrome) causing "serious side effects when they bind to endothelial cells that express ACE-2 in blood vessels, vaccine-induced COVID-19 mimicry syndrome."[7]
The danger of these vaccines is beyond question.GabTweet
Similar incompletely translated proteins enter the lymphatic and blood circulation and are picked up by different receptors (which, over time, are increasing) also in the brain tissue (neuropilin-1 above all) being able to damage the vessels and the nervous system.[8] Truncated spikes can arrive in vivo to 26% of all those produced.[9] Spike vaccines circulate in our body, so much so that "mRNA vaccines cause inflammation of the endothelium (endotheliitis) and infiltration of T lymphocytes into the cardiac muscle."[10]
Thus, spike vaccines are responsible for serious vaccine damage and adverse reactions, including the death of many of those who have been vaccinated. The danger of these vaccines is beyond question.
Sorry to contradict you, but it is not at all true that these vaccines prevent hospitalization and death. There is no evidence that they have saved lives, on the other hand, they have killed many. Since this infection is treatable, it does not require vaccines as long as it is treated immediately and well. It is not so extraordinary that I have avoided hospitalization for my patients. I am only a doctor, not a specialist. I treat them in the way I have learned from literature and experience and hundreds of doctors in Italy, and other European nations have done the same as me and with even better results than me.
COVID-19 does not evolve into the severe form if it is treated, immediately and well, within the first 48 hours. It is medicine based on evidence. People heal, this is a piece of factual data. The tens of thousands of deaths or serious injuries among those who have undergone these serums are also evidence, above all among young people. The ineffectiveness of the vaccine is demonstrated by the epidemic itself, which is more ferocious than last year when the vaccines were not present.
The ineffectiveness of the vaccine is demonstrated by the epidemic itself, which is more ferocious than last year when the vaccines were not present.GabTweet
The regime's propaganda has made the president of France say that the unvaccinated minority of about 7 million people in a nation where more than 90% of the people are vaccinated is the cause of the large number of infected people, about 300,000 per day. But, if mathematics is not an opinion, if it were only the unvaccinated who infect, then the infection would have run out in less than a month. Instead, it is the vaccinated themselves who become infected and infect others.
Quasispecies can also be induced by traditional vaccines (attenuated viruses), but in those used against SARS-CoV-2, engineered starting from a unique sequence for the spike, these variants are even more frequent, making vaccine effectiveness critical and favoring reinfections.[11]
Dear doctor, we are doctors; ours is a sacred role, and it has been so since ancient times, from Asclepius onwards. We must treat, reassure and protect our patients, and we must do so both in science and in conscience, without following the protocols written by the industry. If we are on the side of the patients, we cannot stand with the industry since the pharmaceutical industry does not want the good of others and certainly is not a sacred profession as that of the doctor must be.
Probably, each of us will remain in our positions. I am not interested in convincing anyone or in undermining the powerful financial oligarchic system that now rules everywhere. You will see that even this answer of mine will be accompanied by articles by some journalist who, not being able to argue about the contents, will invent nonsense concerning my person, confirming that they do not know how to make information but only propaganda.
Dear Dr. Spaeder, it has been a pleasure to discuss this issue with you, and I wish you all the best.
With esteem,
Massimo Citro, M.D.
Turin, 21 January 2022
[1] "COVID-19 Vaccines and Spike Proteins – COVID-19 Resources Canada"
covid19resources.ca
[2] Route of Vaccine Administration Alters Antigen Trafficking but Not Innate or Adaptive Immunity, (Cell Rep. 30(12): 3964-71. 2020)
[3] "The tiny tweak behind COVID-19 vaccines" (Chem Eng News. 98(38)
[4] SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine design enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness. Nature. 586(7830): 567-571. 2020
[5] Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine
[6] Bansal S et al, Cutting Edge: Circulating Exosomes with COVID Spike Protein Are Induced by BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) Vaccination prior to Development of Antibodies: A Novel Mechanism for Immune Activation by mRNA Vaccines J Immunol. 2021; 207(10):2405-10
[7] Kowarz, E. et al., Vaccine-Induced Covid-19 Mimicry" Syndrome: Splice reactions within the SARS-CoV-2 Spike open reading frame result in Spike protein variants that may cause thromboembolic events in patients immunized with vector-based vaccines
[8] Bolgan, L., COVID-19 – the vaccine, in www.studiesalute.it
[9] D'Alessandro A, High rate of SARS-CoV-2 nonsense spike genomes coding for prematurely truncated proteins. arXiv:2105.10074[q-bio. GN
[10] Gundry S, Observational Findings of PULS Cardiac Test Findings for Inflammatory Markers in Patients Receiving mRNA Vaccines. Circulation, 2021; 144: A10712
[11] Bolgan L., COVID-19 – the vaccine, in www.studiesalute.it
Read the first refutation by Dr. Citro Della Riva.
All the work done by Dr Martin Luther King is being wiped out and even despised by the globalist elites, Demon-crats and the ignorant among us.


A lunar eclipse can be seen in the Montreal area this week.
Just as we head into the dead of winter, skywatchers get a chance to witness one of nature's most picturesque events as a larger than average full moon undergoes a total eclipse and blushes red this Sunday.
For thousands of years the beauty and mystery surrounding this disappearing moon act has fascinated cultures around the world, and even today it still amazes. And making it so accessible is that all you need are your unaided eyes to soak in the eclipse, which will be visible even from backyards and bedroom windows within the brightly lit city.
A lunar eclipse occurs when the moon, Earth and sun line up with us being in the middle. During the eclipse, our planet's shadow is projected onto the full Moon, slowly darkening its surface until it's completely covered. With all the traces of direct sunlight gone, the moon will glow a shade of fiery orange for over an hour.
Earth's own thick atmosphere causes the spectacular colours on the lunar disc. Sunlight shines through our dust filled air, and bends the sunlight towards the red part of the spectrum resulting in the moon glowing reddish — the same reason we see the Sun turn shades of red during sunsets. The moon's colour can vary significantly from one eclipse to the next and nobody can predict what the next one will look like. It all depends on how much dust is floating around in Earth's atmosphere at the time.
As long as the skies cooperate and stay at least partially clear on the night of the 20th, expect to first catch sight of the full silvery moon as it rises above the eastern horizon just after sunset. Then the real fun begins at 10:34 p.m. when the first hint of a Earth's shadow touching the moon will signal the start of the eclipse. Over the course of just an hour, an ever-bigger, dark shadowy bite will appear to be taken out of the moon until 11:40 p.m. when totality begins —– when Earth's shadow completely engulfs the lunar disk.
For most onlookers this will be the most intriguing part of this astronomical treat as the moon dramatically undergoes its colour change. Totality ends at 12:44 a.m. with the partial eclipse finishing at 1:51 a.m. ET at which time the moon returns to its usual bright silvery self. Don't worry about looking at the event with the unaided eye. Unlike solar eclipses, the lunar varieties are safe to watch. And there is no need for special equipment like telescopes, the best views will be with the unaided eye and binoculars.
Adding to the excitement is that this eclipse is occurring as the full moon reaches perigee — its closest it can to Earth — which is commonly referred to as a supermoon. While not all that rare of an event, the moon will be 356,000 km distant, making it less than 50,000 km closer than most of the time. For the keen sky-watchers the lunar disk will appear a few percent larger and brighter than usual making it a beautiful sight to soak in and a great photo opportunity.
Miss this eclipse and we here in Montreal will have to wait a few years — until May 15, 2022 for the next chance to see the moon turn blood red before our eyes.
For more stargazing news visit me on facebook at http://www.facebook.com/thenightskyguy.


>my head is pounding. my stomach is rumbling.
my phone is ringing and i just can not locate where the hell it is. i am trying to follow the ringing but the sound is faint and feeble. i will stop guessing where it is right now. its adding ooomph on the bad case of hangover that i am having.
i am starving. i am in dire need of a fastfood delivery right now. i could really use one and i am the least picky this time. any food that can wash away the rhum residue thats left in my system would be fine. BUT i am broke. the last of 50 bucks was spent last night for the marlboros.
my head is spinning. i rang in the cr for more than 5 times since i woke up around 11 and its only 1 right now. its a relief everytime. i have taken a bath twice and gulped more than a liter of cold water hoping it could flush the hangover but to no avail. it just sits right there unfazed, not moving.
this is my writing exercise. it does not have to make sense.


Was the Iranian Election 'Rigged'?
It is conventional wisdom in the U.S. press corps that Iran's June 12 presidential election was rigged, with the word "fraud" now sometimes appearing without the qualifier "alleged." But a new poll of Iranians uncovered a different opinion, an overwhelming judgment that the election was legitimate.
WorldPublicOpinion.org used native Farsi speakers calling from outside Iran to interview 1,003 Iranians across the country between Aug. 27 and Sept. 10 and discovered that 81 percent said they considered Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to be the legitimate president of Iran. Only 10 percent called him illegitimate, with eight percent offering no opinion.
These 8-to-1 margins among Iranians, judging that the official election results correctly recorded Ahmadinejad's victory, stand in marked contrast to the opinions of U.S. journalists who showed strong sympathy for the opposition street demonstrations that turned violent after the voting.
In recent weeks, some top American journalists even have started treating the allegations of voting fraud as a simple matter of fact, not of contention.
Yet, the evidence of substantial election fraud has always been thin and many of the allegations that dominated the U.S. news coverage after the June 12 vote failed to stand up to serious scrutiny.
For instance, a prevalent complaint that Ahmadinejad's claim of victory came too fast ignored the fact that rival candidate Mir-Hossein Mousavi was out with a declaration of victory before any votes were counted. The partial results showing Ahmadinejad in the lead followed hours later.
The last real hope for definitive evidence proving Ahmadinejad's victory was fraudulent may have passed when Mousavi rejected the possibility of a recount, either random or nationwide. Instead Mousavi insisted on an entirely new election.
But a key purpose of a recount is that it may unearth evidence of fraud, especially if ballot-box stuffing was done chaotically, amid panic over the incumbent falling short, or if the tallies were simply fabricated without ballots to support them, as some Western observers have speculated regarding Iran.
By spurning a partial or complete recount, Mousavi suggested that his real fear may have been that he genuinely lost the election and that his only hope for a better outcome was a new election, especially if some of Iran's powerful clerics could be persuaded to tilt their allegiance toward him.
That interpretation is supported by other findings in the new WPO poll of Iranian attitudes. Of the 87 percent who said they voted, 55 percent said they voted for Ahmadinejad and only 14 percent said they voted for Mousavi.
Nevertheless, the overall results from the WPO poll suggest that Ahmadinejad remains relatively popular compared to Mousavi.
In its press release on the new poll of Iranian attitudes, WPO also didn't play up the findings about the disputed election, focusing more on Iran's opinions regarding U.S. President Barack Obama and the prospects for improved relations with the United States.
The findings on Ahmadinejad's legitimacy were at the end of the press release, possibly reflecting a concern that any data favorable to the Iranian president would draw the wrath of the major U.S. news media.
Indeed, for the past several months, the U.S. news media has shown little of its professed objectivity in its coverage of Iran's election, an echo of the mainstream U.S. media's failure to be evenhanded in its pre-invasion reporting on Iraq and its dictator Saddam Hussein.
Shortly after Iran's election in June, a "news analysis" coauthored by New York Times executive editor Bill Keller opened up with an old joke about Ahmadinejad looking into a mirror and saying "male lice to the right, female lice to the left," a derogatory reference to his rise from the street and his conservative Islamic religious views.
While any insistence on journalistic professionalism in dealing with Ahmadinejad and Hussein are sure to prompt criticism about showing undeserved sympathy for such unsavory characters, the point is that journalists are supposed to set aside their personal feelings and let the American people make their own judgments based on balanced reporting, not slanted coverage.
A similar collapse of journalistic standards occurred in 2002 and 2003 with lopsided and inaccurate reporting about Iraq's supposed WMD stockpiles. As the Washington Post's editorial page editor Fred Hiatt later admitted, his editorials treated the existence of those stockpiles as fact, rather than a point in dispute.
Now, Iran is in the sights of America's top editors and a similar bias is in play.
This story was published on September 22, 2009.


System 3 has just unleashed a playable demo of their upcoming "Constructor" via Steam weighing in at around 2.6 GB and offering around an hour of gameplay. A PlayStation 4 demo will follow shortly. The full game plans to release later this summer on Xbox One, PS4, PC and Switch.


Hedgesville United Methodist Church, 201 S. Mary St., Hedgesville, WV, will be hosting a GriefShare Grief Support Group on Wednesday evenings at 6 pm. Participants will be meeting in the Chapel/Lounge. The cost of the group is $20. To register or for more information contact Tony Pirrone at 304-240-2817.


The food we eat has a huge effect upon our health, well-being and long term survival. What you take into your body is what you will ultimately get out of it. Strength, stamina, vitality and health are all the benefits we receive from a healthy body. It makes sense to consider seriously what you are going to eat and put into your body - in all situations. Storing unhealthy survival food for those "just in case" emergencies may sound fine, and may get you through a short-term crisis or situation, but is it really fine?
Not all survival food is the same, in fact the vast majority of survival foods are loaded with unhealthy fats, chemicals, additives, flavorings and preservatives. Foods with these ingredients have been medically found to cause most of the human diseases and illnesses that are rapidly increasing in the population. These ingredients are extremely common in pre-packaged supermarket foods that everybody buys and eats every day. The staggering rise in cancers, tumors, strokes, diabetes and many other illnesses has been directly linked to our daily dietary choices. What we eat, every single day. "You are what you eat" is more true than not.
All food is converted into energy, which is processed by our bodies cells in order to function (survive). During this conversion from food into energy, there are also many other processes that take place. What is actually in the food in the form of fats, chemicals, additives, flavorings and preservatives has effects upon your body and its ability to remain healthy.
1) Most deaths in the United States are preventable, and they are related to what we eat. The American diet is the #1 cause of premature death and the #1 cause of disability in the United States.
2) Despite this direct link between diet and death, diet and nutrition are almost not taught in medical schools. Only one-quarter of medical schools offer a single course in nutrition. 6 out of 7 doctors feel "inadequately trained" to counsel patients about their diets. A bill was introduced to ensure that physicians received a minimum of just 12 hours of nutrition training, but was opposed by the California Medical Association and California Academy of Family Physicians. The bill was ammended to just seven hours and then all the way down to zero.
3) Global spending on prescription drugs now exceed $1 trillion dollars annually, with the United States responsible for 1/3 of the market. Despite this stupendous cost, heart-attacks, diabetes, cancer and other diseases continue to rise.
4) Genetics (your genes) only account for 10 - 20% of your risk for disease. The rest is really up to you - and what you eat has almost everything to do with it. High-risk countries like the United States are at the top of the charts for disease and death because of the American diet - and so is every country that adopts these patterns. Americans are now around the 27th or 28th worst country for life-expectancy out of the thirty for top free-market democracies. We are now living slightly longer then before, but unhealthily so (we're sicker), those extra years are being spent in and with medical care. We're actually living fewer healthy years now then we once did.
5) Medical anthropologists have deterimined that we are now in the Age of Degenerative and Man-Made Diseases. This has occured primarily because of our habits in eating. Previously, the top three killers were infectious diseases: pneumonia, tuberculosis, and diarrheal disease. Now, the killers are largely lifestyle diseases: heart disease, cancer and chronic lung disease. All three have been medically traced to diet. A pandemic of chronic disease has been ascribed in part to the near-universal shift towards a diet dominated by animal-sourced and processed foods - in other words, more meat, dairy, eggs, oils, soda, sugar and refined grains. A sharp rise in diet-related chronic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, cadiovascular diseases and cancer has been found.
6) How Not To Die, Micheael Greger, M.D. Founder Nutrition Facts (NutritionFacts.Org) This is a must-read source material book regarding diet and disease. Using thousands of case studies and medical reports from around the world, Dr. Greger has become one of the world's foremost nutrition-based doctors, examining the close relationship between diets and the rapid rise of disease. Dr. Gregor is convinced, as are thousands of other medical professionals, that most diseases can be avoided or even reverted through healthy diet.
7) Cancer is now more common than getting married or having a first baby. The global environment is polluted, awash in toxins, poison, pesticides, herbicides, chemicals and carcinogenic compounds, affecting air, water and soil worldwide. Industrialized agriculture is heavily reliant upon finding the cheapest methods of food production and these poisons are now found in the global food supply. The stupdendous rise in human disease and sickness corresponds with the rapid increase in environmental pollutants - and the ubiquitous production and consumption of processed foods. The more processed food you consume, the more likely you are to become sick, diseased and ill.
Part I - Survival Food, What Exactly Are You Eating?
There are some huge misconceptions about what type of food should be stored for an emergency. We have probably seen all of the mistakes "preppers" make.


Saarma, Urmas and Jõgisalu, Inga and Moks, Epp and Varcasia, Antonio and Lavikainen, Antti and Oksanen, Antti and Simsek, Sami and Andresiuk, María Vanesa and Denegri, Guillermo María and González, Luis M. and Ferrer Jesús, Elizabeth and Gárate Ormaechea, Teresa and Rinaldi, Laura and Maravilla, Pablo (2009) A Novel phylogeny for the genus Echinococcus, based on nuclear data, challenges relationships based on mitochondrial evidence. Parasitology, Vol. 136 (3), p. 317-328. eISSN 1469-8161. Article.
The taxonomic status of Echinococcus, an important zoonotic cestode genus, has remained controversial, despite numerous attempts to revise it. Although mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been the source of markers of choice for reconstructing the phylogeny of the genus, results derived from mtDNA have led to significant inconsistencies with earlier species classifications based on phenotypic analysis. Here, we used nuclear DNA markers to test the phylogenic relationships of members of the genus Echinococcus. The analysis of sequence data for 5 nuclear genes revealed a significantly different phylogeny for Echinococcus from that proposed on the basis of mitochondrial DNA sequence data, but was in agreement with earlier species classifications. The most notable results from the nuclear phylogeny were E. multilocularis was placed as basal taxon, all genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus grouped as a monophyletic entity, and genotypes G8 and G10 clustered together. We conclude that the analysis of nuclearDNAdata provides a more reliable means of inferring phylogenetic relationships within Echinococcus than mtDNA and suggest that mtDNA should not be used as the sole source of markers in future studies where the goal is to reconstruct a phylogeny that does not only reflect a maternal lineage, but aims to describe the evolutionary history at species level or higher.