preparing them to respond quickly and confidently in a crisis.
and solve problems before they become a crisis.
with proven planning and response strategies.
and Speak with One Voice.
to control your organization's message and share the facts.
that can harm brand, reputation, revenue, and financial performance. According to one study, the number of headline-making crises has increased by 80% since 2007. When a business crisis erupts, executives can no longer "wait and see" before they respond. In today's atmosphere of rabid social media attacks and 24-hour global news cycles, leaders must plan ahead to be ready to respond in minutes.
Any issue, problem or disruption which triggers negative stakeholder reactions that can impact the organization's reputation, business and financial strength. Crises can be situations threatening or doing harm to people and property, serious disruptions to operations, product recalls, labor issues, social media attacks, lawsuits, highly negative media coverage or allegations of wrongdoing against employees or leaders.
Mismanagement of a crisis can further drive up costs and compound the problems facing the organization. When it comes to a crisis, it is much easier to prepare and prevent, than to repair and repent.
Effective crisis management minimizes damage and may even improve a company's reputation if leaders communicate with speed, honesty and transparency.
Not sure if your issue is a crisis ?
We've worked with leaders across virtually every industry and type of organization, including public and private companies, nonprofits, government agencies and religious and educational institutions. Our senior consultants have deep, direct experience with crisis planning and preparedness, coaching executives and helping organizations to effectively manage both sudden disasters and the smoldering issues that erupt from mismanagement and other serious problems.
We'll work with you to identify the kinds of crises for which your organization is most at risk. Then, we will develop a crisis communication plan that is comprehensive yet easy to use. We'll write a plan that includes quick response guides to help you move quickly to address a variety of specific scenarios. We will help you implement the plan and train the crisis management team to use it effectively.
If you have a crisis communication plan but have not updated or exercised it recently, we can do that, too.
Contact us now to start your crisis communication planning.
We've been a leader in crisis communication training for nearly three decades. Our flagship course, the ICM Crisis Communication Management Certification Course [internal link], delivers comprehensive training for leaders and those responsible for communicating with media, employees and other stakeholders. Our Crisis Media Training workshop prepares spokespersons to respond clearly and confidently to difficult interviews. We can customize these and other training programs for your business and deliver them on-site.
Interested in Crisis Training for Your Team? Contact us for a quote.
Even with good crisis management planning, some crises cannot be prevented, but they can be mitigated. When a crisis strikes and you need all-hands-on-deck, count on ICM experts to provide immediate, 24/7 strategic and tactical communication support [internal link].
We develop strategy and messaging [internal link] for all stakeholders and coach executives to deliver difficult news with empathy and transparency. We monitor and analyze media stories [internal link] and social conversations, making recommendations to address trends and minimize negative fallout.
When the worst of the crisis has passed, we'll help you review your overall response [internal link] to determine what worked well and what needs to be done differently next time.
Not sure if your situation is a crisis? Call us for a free initial consultation: +1 888-708-8351.


text:
20 Exciting Titles Coming to Netflix This December
02nd December, 2020
Can't find what to binge-watch next on Netflix? We've got you! Here are 20 new, exciting titles that are all set to come to your screens this December. The holidays are almost here, and there's nothing better than snuggling under a cozy blanket with some hot chocolate while watching a movie. And you can do just that with Netflix releasing some exciting movies and series this month. And while some of them are older productions, most of them are new releases produced by Netflix. The lineup features a perfect mix of Christmas movies, K-drama, animated productions, and action movies, so there is something for everyone to watch.
Peppermint (2018) - December 1st
Peppermint, a vigilante action film, is directed by Pierre Morel and stars actors like Jennifer Garner, John Ortiz, and John Gallagher Jr. It tells the story of a regular, mild-tempered mom who later turns into a ruthless woman to avenge the death of her husband and daughter who were killed by a cartel. Jennifer Garner's performance was applauded by viewers all over the country.
Angela's Christmas Wish (2020) - December 1st
Written and directed by Damien O'Connor, Angela's Christmas Wish is an animated sequel to the movie Angela's Christmas. It is based on the characters from a children's story written by Irish author Frank McCourt, who is also a Pulitzer Prize-winner. In this movie, after her father travels to Australia for work, Angela sets her mind to make sure her family spends Christmas together.
The Repair Shop (Season 3) - December 1st
The Repair Shop is a British reality TV show that first aired on BBC Two. It stars Jay Blades, Steve Fletcher, and Will Kirk as experts and Robert Pugh and Bill Paterson as the narrators. The show brings forward three treasured family heirlooms that Jay Blades discovers and revives for families. They also tell us the history behind each of these items.
The Holiday Movies That Made Us (Season 1) - December 1st
The Holiday Movies That Made Us is a spin-off of the popular show The Movies that Made Us. This series will give us an insight into how our favorite holiday films, like The Nightmare Before Christmas and Elf, were brought to life. This docu-series is directed by Brian Volk-Weiss. We should warn you, though; it will feature quite a few spoilers.
Captain Underpants - Mega Blissmas (2020) - December 4th
Based on the Captain Underpants books by author Dav Pilkey, Captain Underpants: Mega Blissmas is a Christmas special that is coming to Netflix. In the animated movie, things get really weird after George and Harold decide that they want to change some things about their favorite holiday by meddling with some old traditions. Will they succeed?
MANK (2020) - December 4th
Produced by Ceán Chaffin, Douglas Urbanski, and Eric Roth, MANK is another directorial masterpiece by David Fincher based on a script written by his father, Jack Fincher. It is a biographical drama starring Gary Oldman, Amanda Seyfried, Lily Collins, and other talented actors. The story is based on the life of Herman J. Mankiewicz, the writer of the Academy Award-winning film Citizen Kane.
Pokémon Journeys - The Series (Part 3) - December 4th
Pokémon Journeys: The Series is the twenty-third season of the Pokémon animated series, and it is set to be released just in time for Christmas. This season, you will see Ash, Misty, and Brock gear up to participate in the World Coronation Series Ranking Match with their new team of Pokemon. They also battle against their old friend and opponent, Korrina and Lucario.
Selena - The Series (Season 1) - December 4th
This Netflix original series tells the story of the legendary singer Selena Quintanilla and how she navigated her way to fame while battling numerous challenges and heartbreaks. The titular role is being played by Christian Serratos. She will be joined on screen by talented actors like Gabriel Chavarria, Ricardo Chavira, and Seidy Lopez. This is one of the most awaited shows this year.
Leyla Everlasting (2020) - December 4th
Directed by Ezel Akay, Leyla Everlasting is a Turkish film. It revolves around Leyla and her husband Adam, as they get involved in a strange love triangle. It all starts after Adam decides to leave Lelya for his mistress, Nergis. Meanwhile, Adam is also in the pursuit of an antique, handwritten manuscript. The film stars Demet Akbağ, Elçin Sangu, and Haluk Bilginer.
Detention - The Series (Season 1) - December 5th
Based on a videogame of the same name, Detention: The Series is a Taiwanese horror show that is set in the White Terror era. A transfer student named Yunxiang Liu comes across some unsettling facts and secrets about the punishment practices in her new high school. She soon starts to experience a series of paranormal and unsettling experiences.
Ava (2020) - December 7th
Starring Jessica Chastain in the titular role along with John Malkovich and other great actors, Ava is an action thriller written by Matthew Newton and directed by Tate Taylor. Ava is a professional assassin who works for a black ops organization. However, she has to now escape the very organization, as they are chasing her for messing up a high profile hit.
100 Days My Prince (Season 1) - December 7th
Starring Do Kyung-soo and Nam Ji-hyun, 100 Days My Prince is a South Korean television series that is written by No Ji-sul and directed by Lee Jong-jae. The story follows the life of Lee Yul, a prince who is forced to go through life as a commoner after he gets ambushed by some people and loses his memory. This series first aired on television in 2018.
The Big Show Show - Christmas (2020) - December 9th
After airing just one season on Netflix, The Big Show Show is now back with a brand new Christmas special. The show features well-known wrestler Paul Wight, popularly known as the Big Show, as he plays an exaggerated version of himself along with his fictional wife and children. The show has also featured some well-known guests, including wrestling legends like Mick Foley, Rikishi, and Mark Henry.
Alice in Borderland (Season 1) - December 10th
Alice in Borderland is a live-action adaptation of a Japanese manga series of the same name. It stars actors like Kento Yamazaki, Tao Tsuchiya, and Nijiro Murakami. The manga series was written and illustrated by Haro Aso. The plot follows a group of high school delinquents who get transported to a parallel wasteland in Tokyo. The group must pass a series of challenges to survive.
The Prom (2020) - December 11th
Directed by Ryan Murphy, The Prom is an American musical comedy that is an adaptation of the eponymous 2018 Broadway musical by Matthew Sklar, Chad Beguelin, and Bob Martin. The movie stars talented Broadway actors like Meryl Streep, James Corden, Nicole Kidman, and Keegan-Michael Key as they set off on a mission to help a teenage girl attend prom with her girlfriend.
Tiny Pretty Things (Season 1) - December 14th
Tiny Pretty Things is a series starring Lauren Holly, Kylie Jefferson, and Casimere Jollette. This dramatic piece was co-written by Sona Charaipotra and Dhonielle Clayton, and it tells the story of an elite ballet academy and the students as they navigate through the academic years. Things so south when a master student gets attacked and is replaced by someone who must withstand a new world of ruthless competition.
The Professor and the Madman (2019) - December 15th
Directed by Farhad Safinia, The Professor and the Madman is a biographical drama film based on the 1998 book by Simon Winchester. The story is about a professor called James Murray, who starts to work on compiling The New English Dictionary on Historical Principles, now known as the Oxford English Dictionary. He was assisted by Dr. W. C. Minor, who was a patient at Broadmoor Criminal Lunatic Asylum.
Ma Rainey's Black Bottom (2020) - December 18th
Directed by George C. Wolfe and written by Ruben Santiago-Hudson, Ma Rainey's Black Bottom is an American film based on August Wilson's play of the same name. It focuses on a recording session in 1927 with Ma Rainey, who was known as the "Mother of the Blues." The recording sessions turned out to be quite exciting as tempers and tensions rose between Ma Rainey and her bandmates.
The Midnight Sky (2020) - December 23rd
Directed by and starring the extremely talented George Clooney, The Midnight Sky is an American sci-fi film based on a Lily Brooks-Dalton novel called Good Morning, Midnight. Clooney will be joined by Felicity Jones, Kyle Chandler, and David Oyelowo. The story follows the life of a scientist named Augustine and his struggle to stop Sully and her team of astronauts from walking into a global catastrophe.
Chilling Adventures of Sabrina (Season 4) - December 31st
Chilling Adventures of Sabrina, based on a comic series published by Archie Horror, is now all set to release its fourth and final season. Sabrina Spellman, played by Kiernan Shipka, is half-human, half-witch and must face a new set of challenges. This season, the series covers the concept of time travel, as the town of Greendale is being attacked by the Eldritch Terrors.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If I put in 30 years at the mill, they will send me home with a gold watch and hire a younger guy to do my job, but if I built the company they will make me the President Emeritus.
Hopefully, the Emeritus title is more than just honouring the old guy who can no longer keep up: it should be a statement of commitment to build on what he built, run with the vision he cast, and draw from the lessons he learned. It's a commitment to carry his accomplishments forward.
Succession is a transference of vision, it's the next step to an ever-expanding future. There is no simple management process to succession because it's not the property, projects or people we are passing on – it's the vision. The management stuff must take a back seat to the heart stuff. Long meetings about new policies to secure future plans and property will miss the mark unless the vision is caught by the succeeding generation. When succession becomes a heart issue, all the other stuff will fall into it's proper place of equipping the successors.
Jacob was leaning on his cane; they might have to carry you up onto the stage, but smile big because the young ones are inspired by what you've accomplished. This is the final, and maybe greatest part of your vision: to go out as a biography of integrity, wisdom and godliness – that others can follow.
Here's the flip side: If you're the old guy, don't be the emeritus for the sake of your own significance, or to maintain control – it'll backfire on you because they are going to follow their own convictions anyway. You've had your day to teach, train and lead, and now it's time to prophecy and encourage.
What should we expect from senior leaders that will help us be better leaders?


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Q: Liquid filter for two different tags I need to create a liquid tag/filter which only displays the required data from the placeholder, if the condition for another placeholder is fulfilled.
Actual:
I have a web-form with different questions and different answers.
A question has the placeholder: {{attendees[0].custom_questions[0].name}}
An answer has the placeholder: {{attendees[0].custom_questions[0].answer}}
-> there will only be one attendee, so attendees[0] will not change.
-> the order of the custom_questions.name and custom_questions.answer can change.
-> There are 15 different questions and answers
Expected: If custom_questions.name == "Test Question" the custom_questions.answer "Test Answer" to that question should be displayed.
To clarify:
If "Test Question" is f.e. {{attendees[0].custom_questions[8].name}}, the right answer will be {{attendees[0].custom_questions[8].answer}}
BUT
"Test Question" can sometimes also be {{attendees[0].custom_questions[9].name}} or another number in the array.
The answer should only be displayed if the question == "Test question"
Can someone help?
UPDATE
I´m using a basic html editor to create pdf-files. this editor uses liquid tags as placeholders from a data base. the database is filled by a web form.
the placeholders (from the database) can't be edited.
Code example:

VOUCHER FOR {% for p in attendees %} {% if p.ticket.id == "103391" or p.ticket.id == "103411" or p.ticket.id == "103392" %} PRESS BADGE {% else %} VIP PRESS INVITATION {% endif %} {% endfor %}

In this code you can see the usage of liquid code.
For this task I need to work with two different placeholders:
{{attendees[0].custom_questions[0].name}}
{{attendees[0].custom_questions[0].answer}}
These are arrays where there will only be one attendee but there are up to 15 questions.
Unfortunately, the order is not stable. Sometimes the needed answer is number 4 and sometimes it is number 9.
I need the answer to the question called "Test Question".
The answer placeholder will always have the same array number as the question name.
My idea:
{% if attendees[0].custom_questions[0].name == "Test Question" %}{{attendees[0].custom_questions[0].answer}}{% elsif attendees[0].custom_questions[1].name == "Test Question"%}{{attendees[0].custom_questions[1].answer}}{% elsif attendees[0].custom_questions[2].name == "Test Question"%}{{attendees[0].custom_questions[2].answer}}..........

Does not work.
Can you help?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Millcreek Cmpst is a subdivision within the city of Fort Mccoy, Florida. There are currently 10 Homes for Sale within Millcreek Cmpst, with asking prices ranging from $1,800 to $7,950. The average list price per square foot of the available inventory in Millcreek Cmpst is $36, which is below the Fort Mccoy average of $152. The Average Sales price of all sold real estate in this subdivision for the past year is $69,860. Recent comparable homes have been selling for 95.09% of their asking price. Waterfront homes represent 0.00% of the available Millcreek Cmpst inventory. The total number of households in the zip code of Millcreek Cmpst is 3,722, with an average household size for of 2.17 people. The total number of renter households within the zip code of 32134 is 586, which means that 84.26% of households in this zipcode are owner occupant households.
NE 141st Court, Fort Mccoy FL 32134 is a Home, with 0 bedrooms which is for sale, it has 100X116 sqft, 100X116 sized lot, and 0 parking. A comparable Home, has 0 bedrooms and 0 baths, it was built in and is located at NE 157 Ln/158 Null Street Fort McCoy FL 32134 and for sale by its owner at $ 6,500. This home is located in the city of Fort McCoy , in zip code 32134, this Marion County Home, it is in the Millcreek Cmpst Subdivision, and GRIFFIN COVE are nearby neighborhoods.


"Insider's Night" in MotoGP Paddock at track or meet & greet in hotel bar.
Practice day. Optional track tour. Evening welcome reception with guest speaker.
Transport, dinner, drinks and guest speaker.
Qualifying day. We take you there and back. Dinner in town or join our special MotoGP Night dinner in the paddock!
Optional airport transfers; or stay and enjoy the Aragon sun!


Fresh Design Corner Tv Cabinet Winters Hottest Sales On Wooden Stand With Glass Doors is one of pictures that are related with the picture before in the collection gallery. The exactly dimension of Fresh Design Corner Tv Cabinet Winters Hottest Sales On Wooden Stand With Glass Doors was 320x400 pixels. You can also look for some pictures that related to Fresh Design Corner Tv Cabinet Winters Hottest Sales On Wooden Stand With Glass Doors by scroll down to collection on below this picture. If you want to find the other picture or article about Corner Tv Cabinet just push the next button or previous button; or if you are interested in similar pictures of Fresh Design Corner Tv Cabinet Winters Hottest Sales On Wooden Stand With Glass Doors, you are free to browse through search feature that located on top this page or random post section at below of this post. We hope it can help you to get information of this picture.


Welcome to roartube!!! YouTube alternative sites. Roartube is one of the most popular website for game lovers. It is one-stop destination for all sports lover. Whatever you need to enjoy your favorite sports, there is information on scores, quick notifications, videos, statistics, standings and schedules, information on teams and players, more than 1000 leagues and more than 10 000 teams from all continents. Enjoy the videos of your favorite club. At Roartube we offer variety of sport content for all sport lovers.
The game world is extremely large and diverse. There are many international championships in various sports and it may be difficult to be informed about all sports events. There is probably no such sports activity in which two people have been locked up in a competitive struggle of such intensity for such continuous period. A deficiency of concentration and suddenly turns into a losing position. Every game is a play in which the result is uncertain to the very end.
Enjoy your sport update news anytime and anywhere with roar tube sports highlights. Do not miss out on everything that happens current sport season. We offer live updates as well as quick look up to interesting parts of the games. When you are running short in time you can view live score updates and whenever you want feel some special moments you missed then you can also watch them later. There are thousands of teams and more than 100 leagues. You can find the profiles of your team and players with video about them.
in the world, the stars 'targets, the most controversial plays, or all the highlights of their coaches and players' impressions. Real-time news, scores, and stats are at your fingertips. When you open the app for the first time, you can not log in with Facebook or sign in with Google.
You will be able to get quick access to your score, news and schedule. The website can find your local teams using Location Services. It's really fast, you can see how your favorite team climbs to the leaderboard.
The best football with total mobility and through any connected device. The registrations in roartube are available and you can easily sign up to our portal with your social media accounts. There is coverage for various sports and leagues, including NFL, NCAA Football, NBA, soccer, golf, MLB and others. It offers lots of great features to explore.
Subscribe to roartube to watch all games of international level.


text:
Q: JSON to PHP using file_get_contents don't working My api json
{"success":true,"result":{"id":"1017fw436","title":"Leading with NLP","author":"David","url":"abc.com","image":"/abc.img","info":{"pages":"258 Pages","year":"2001","size":"2.74 MB","downloads":"151,185 Downloads","language":"English"},"url_url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GDA9N9SQLHdXBKih8c_GEwcUL"}}

I used
    <?php $json_url = "my link api";
$json = file_get_contents($json_url);
$data = json_decode($json, TRUE);
echo $data['id'];
?>

But it doesn't work

A: Please check Link
try this line of code:
file_get_contents("http://example.com", false, ['ignore_errors' => true]);
var_dump($http_response_header);


text:
Graduate Gallery 2021
Connor DonaldsonSteadily Dead 2021
This clothing brand is heavily inspired by skeletal figures and a prominently gothic style, while still somewhat keeping with the basic streetwear appeal of minimalism and negative space. The brand's outcomes vary in design but still fit an overall style and theme. The illustrative style of the logo and image making for the project show Connor's interest towards pursuing Illustration based design work in the future.
Steadily Dead is a mixture of styles. Keeping minimalism at its heart with a lot of negative space and a sparse colour palette, it is basic in a sense. Connor decided to counter this by drawing some of the more cartoonish skeletons with varying personalities. This reflects his interest in not just keeping things strictly professional an to try and add some character into the work he produces.
Instagram: @chaosasintended / @steadilydead
Eve HowsdenPanacea
In response to the pandemic Eve has considered the future of hospitality in the creation of a new delivery focussed cafe experience, Panacea. She has generated a wide range of components for this, including a name, logo, choosing a colour scheme and typefaces to represent the brand, patterns, menus, cards and printed packaging. Eve has also dipped into user interface and user experience design, as a major element of her FMP is a functional app and website with digital menus, loyalty cards and ordering capabilities built in. The FMP is well a rounded approach to branding and is visually pleasing, with every element working nicely together in one, cohesive piece.
Instagram: @_eh_graphics
Georgia PurdhamPolitics vs Music
Georgia's final major project is an editorial zine that explores the links between politics and music and follows the themes of what people are inspired by and feel strongly about. The zine contains artwork inspired by politically-themed music – such as the work of grandson, songs relating to gun violence and school shootings and a large theme revolving around racism.
The idea behind this final major project is that it would become an ongoing magazine series, with the one they are working on being the first in the series to kick it off. It is Georgia's hope that they continue this on after university and use such a platform to help aid in raising awareness of the corruption of government systems in the world as well as the issues faced by many people, most of which are minorities, to this day and to help bring about a change in how things stand now.
Instagram: @glicgraphics
Jake HendersonKea
Kea is a provisions packaging solution in response to the isolation of the pandemic. In the vein of emotional fortitude and mental health Jake's work is built upon principles of levity and contentment, the formed company will present these ideals via bright, vibrant and aesthetically eclectic packaging, with Japanese style activities to accompany them such as Sudoku and origami, with the packaging coming with a set of seeds and the toilet paper tube doubling as a planter so the customer can plant them. An act typically associated with positive mental health.
Instagram: @jakehendographics
Josh JohnsonJers
Joshua's current, and largest project to date is one he is extremely passionate about, which can be seen through the design process. Ever since he can remember, Joshua has had an interest and obsession with the world of fashion, which he decided to use as the core of his work. Joshua set out to create a clothing brand, where he covers the full identity as well as the designs, website and social media aspects, something that he has always dreamed of doing. This body of work is by far one of his greatest achievements and he has pushed his skills to the limit in order to achieve the exact outcomes he anticipated, whilst also documenting every little detail along the way. Joshua also produced a look book, a smaller publication which highlights his final outcomes in a creative and unique way, along with a social media presence and online shop.
Katie BatesDesolation
Katie is an emerging Graphic Designer from Hartlepool with a passion for typography, layout and, particularly, image making. Katie explores her image making through collage work, incorporating a lot of analogue techniques as well as digital processes, combining them with typography and layout to explore how these different elements can work together effectively and appropriately. Katie's final project combines this love of image making with issues she feels passionately about. Her work explores the relationship between music and mental health and looks to raise awareness and spark conversation.
Instagram: @k.bgraphics
Layton BallThe C Word
For his final major project Layton produced a publication called 'The C Word'. Layton wanted The C Word to be a creative lifestyle magazine for the Avant-Garde individual. He hopes to one day make the magazine a real publication that people can subscribe to. The content of the magazine will differ every month, however, it will always have the creative individual in mind whether that be an artist, photographer, film maker or graphic designer. Articles may include film reviews on art house films, interviews with artists, pull outs by up and coming photographers, or even guest editors taking over. Layton really hopes in an ever-growing world of digital magazines that The C Word can continue to be a print publication but also have a good online presence. The main objective of the publication is to enlighten and inform but also be a great form of entertainment for the readers.
Instagram: @thecwordmagazine
Luca CollantineHistory Check
Subtly influencing elements of Western culture and now seeing a renaissance within the very 'nerdy' culture of today: 'History Check' is a book about Dungeons & Dragons designed by Luca Collantine. It focuses on the history of the game, it's popularity and its relevance today and discusses Dungeon & Dragons as a societal zeitgeist within the West in the 80's and 90's.
'History Check' provides context for the 'role playing' game's past, informing current day audiences with sleek layout design and bold imagery in a simplistic modern style that hopes to make Dungeons and Dragons 'look cool', like it has always been to play. For a long time, it was considered to be 'just a game', but for many D&D was more than just that with the way it gave people an outlet for socialising and creativity. 'History Check' is a publication made by a fan, for fans and for people to understand why it is so beloved.
Instagram: @lucaleedesign / Website: lucaleedesign.com
Lucy BedfordDay to Day
Lucy produced a visual identity and advertising campaign for a non-profit organisation focusing on raising awareness, understanding and compassion towards people with invisible illnesses. The visual identity was designed to appear friendly and welcoming. It was designed to kindly ask, rather than demand, for people to reconsider how they think about illness and disability. The logo was originally hand drawn and scanned in to preserve the imperfections that are inevitable when something is created by hand. The logo is a reference to how some people can present as a smiley, happy person but you aren't really aware of what is happening on the invisible inside. The campaign titled 'What You Can't See' used illustration as a way to visualise real life quotes from people with invisible illnesses. Lucy hand painted all of the illustrations for the campaign using gouache. Gouache was chosen as the medium due to its opacity and ability to stand out from the page.
Instagram: @lucybeddy / Website: lucybeddy.co.uk
Lucy ThompsonUnited
Lucy's Final Major Project, 'United' is an art collection that aims to celebrate working-class culture through the ages within Britain. Highlighting the positives of maintaining a strong class identity and how shame shouldn't be attached to certain classes within the United Kingdom. Throughout the project, areas and decades are explored from the 1980s to 2020. The project is a collection of three main volumes of publication, each visiting a different era of working class identity. The work is accompanied by other elements such as social media campaigns, a website, merchandise and original screen-printed artwork. The first volume follows unrest in the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s. The second volume largely follows the spark and up rise of rave culture and the electronic and acid house era in Britain, in the late 1980s and 1990s, and volume Three focuses on the modern era. Lucy always feels its important to use our creativity to voice issues and movements to gain attention through the arts.
Instagram: @luceethompson_graphics / Website: lucythompsongraphics.com
Matt WindramRenegade
Matthew decided to incorporate his enthusiasm for cars within his final and largest project yet, to create an automotive brand. The automotive world is something that Matthew is becoming increasingly more involved with and he felt like this was a great opportunity to combine his two passions into one project. The focus of his final major project is based around branding, through means of image making which combine to create an overall aesthetic for his automotive brand. Digital designs for items of clothing are a key focus in this project and Matthew has displayed these designs through a series of mock-ups which give an idea of the final printed products. Matthew's time working on his final major project has been a personal challenge for him, however the incorporation of his enthusiasm for cars only drives him to continue the development of this work into the future.
Instagram: @ram.grphx
Melissa PalmerDisposable
'Disposable' is Melissa's largest project to date. Focusing on layout, editorial design, image-making, and bookbinding; she curated this project to highlight her skills and showcase her abilities. The topic of social responsibility in fashion was chosen due to the current ethical and climate issues caused by fast fashion and overconsumption. Melissa became passionate about this subject after rediscovering her sewing skills in the first Covid-19 Lockdown using a 100-year-old singer sewing machine. The history of the machine is what inspired the research into how textile production evolved into the fast fashion of today and the effects that it has had on consumers and workers. The focus of her Final Major Project is to raise awareness of the issues surrounding fast fashion without alienating the readers, and most importantly show impactful and simple ways to positively change the fashion industry. Melissa researched every aspect of the creation of this publication to ensure it would be environmentally conscious, from using linen thread waxed by hand with organic beeswax, to using FSC certified and ECF paper.
Instagram: @mep.graphics / Website: mepgraphics.cargo.site
Selina LapthorneMusic Spreads
Selina's main focus of this project was to be able to connect people whilst in a global pandemic. Selina has created an online in-app event for Spotify that allows users to submit their favourite song and allows users to find a new song based on location or genre, she used similar techniques to how Spotify brand their advertising such as gradient maps and using the same typeface. She has created a pitch for this event in the form of a video and also as a collection of JPEG slides that hold more detail. She has also designed and made postcards that will be sent out to those who opt in during the event that feature songs that people have submitted. Selina has also created a prototype of the in-app event using Figma to show how it will work on mobile and desktop.
Instagram: @s.lap_graphics / Website: slapgraphics.cargo.site
Thomas StikansGlory Kill
Released in 1993 and having a huge impact on video games and popular culture, 'DOOM' is a fast paced, over the top, and beloved series of first person shooters. 'GLORY KILL,' a book written and designed by Thomas Stikans serves as an introduction to the series. The book is a brief run through of the history and design behind the original games and the reboot of the franchise in 2016's 'DOOM' and 2020's 'DOOM Eternal,' and their philosophy of 'Push Forward Combat.' It includes quotes from series creator John Romero, the creative director of the rebooted franchise Hugo Martin, and game developer David Syzmanski, as well as figures in the DOOM community who explain their long lasting obsession with the franchise and its multiple incarnations. The book presents this information with memorable, interesting design and a light, entertaining tone. It explains where the games came from, the impact they had upon release, and how it's managed to outlast and outshine its contemporaries.
Instagram: @stitchupgraphics / Website: stitchupgraphics.com
Tom SheldonMadputz
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text:
Is Roman Catholicism Schismatic? The Case for Orthodoxy
Date: August 1, 2019Author: Craig Truglia 12 Comments
Many Protestants who are convinced that being a member of a church with Apostolic Succession is faithful to the Gospel often want to discern which Apostolic church to join. This is far too big a question to answer in every respect in a blog post as there are so many claimants (the Nestorians, Anglicans, Oriental Orthodox, Roman Catholics, and "Eastern" Orthodox). In this article, we are only going to weigh the arguments for Orthodoxy vis a vis Roman Catholicism. Being that this is just a blog post, I will try to jam as much content into 3,000 words as possible.
For those who do not want to read, a Roman Catholic apologist Erick Ybarra and I had a debate on this topic during the Reason and Theology Show. This debate can be listened to on MP3 or watched on Youtube:
The following are the notes to my opening statement during the debate, open to all so they can be used as a resource and scrutinized accordingly. As I roll out future articles I may update this page to include more references. God willing, the following will help you discern the issue, even if it is just a historical curiosity to you.
The Scriptures on schism. Summary: Schism is forcing someone else out of the Church.
They will cast you out of the synagogues (John 16:2).
The importance of the preceding is that we may infer that Christians were never the schismatics–the Jews of the first century "started it."
Diotrephes, who loves to have the preeminence among them, does not receive us. Therefore, if I come, I will call to mind his deeds which he does, prating against us with malicious words. And not content with that, he himself does not receive the brethren, and forbids those who wish to, putting them out of the church (3 John 1:9-10).
As I posit in the summary, we can see that Diotrephes is a schismatic because he put others out of the Church, apparently for the sake of preeminence. Tragically, the Roman Catholic Church in their assertion of "universal jurisdiction" put local Orthodox Catholic Bishops "out of the Church," literally conducting the exact same sinful act Diotrephes was condemened for.
The Fathers on schism. Summary: Schism is forcing someone else out and setting up a parallel church, i.e. not recognizing the Bishop that is already there and installing another.
This summary (presuming it's true) contradicts the modern Roman Catholic definition:
Schism is the refusal of submission to the Roman Pontiff or of communion with the members of the Church subject to him (CCC, 2089).
My assertion is that no one pre-schism gives such a definition. Rather, the fathers give the definition as summarized. Here are the writings of the fathers which I collected indiscriminately from New Advent and Aquinas Study Bible. I have put the fathers in chronological order in an honest attempt to present every passage that does not merely say "schism," but actually describes what it is. Let's start with Saint Cyprian:
For we have not withdrawn from them, but they from us; and since heresies and schisms have risen subsequently, from their establishment for themselves of diverse places of worship, they have forsaken the Head and Source of the truth (Cyprian, Treatise 1, Par 12).
The preceding shows that according to Saint Cyprian the fault in a schism is on the side that separates first, specifically by setting up separate (i.e. "parallel") churches (CF Council of Carthage 419 AD, Canons 10-11).
The word of the witnessing apostle is: We command you, says he, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that you withdraw yourselves from all brethren that walk disorderly, and not after the tradition that they have received from us. 2 Thessalonians 3:6 And again he says, Let no man deceive you with vain words; for because of these things comes the wrath of God upon the children of disobedience. Be not therefore partakers with them. Ephesians 5:6 We must withdraw, nay rather must flee, from those who fall away, lest, while any one is associated with those who walk wickedly, and goes on in ways of error and of sin, he himself also, wandering away from the path of the true road, should be found in like guilt. God is one, and Christ is one, and His Church is one, and the faith is one, and the people is joined into a substantial unity of body by the cement of concord. Unity cannot be severed; nor can one body be separated by a division of its structure, nor torn into pieces, with its entrails wrenched asunder by laceration. Whatever has proceeded from the womb cannot live and breathe in its detached condition, but loses the substance of health (Cyprian, Treatise 1, Par 23).
As we can see, Saint Cyprian says if a side then separates and does not allow back into communion "those who fall away" (i.e. the schismatics), this is at the very least an allowable state of affairs. So, for example, the Roman Catholic crusaders come and kick out indigenous Orthodox Bishops and priests–installing their own clergy and excommunicating the locals. In this event, we can see that the local clergy were justified in severing relations. This means the Orthodox Church today, even if it is "less ecumenical," would still not be the side in schism. The Roman Catholic Church, by separating, is no longer part of the Church and those in the Church are not morally compelled, according to Saint Cyprian, to take them back.
The next father we will look at is Saint Optatus. This is because he (1) reiterates Saint Cyprian's thought and (2) teaches us a right understanding of what "the Chair of Peter" really is. During the debate, the only compelling argument Roman Catholics have that they are not in schism is that the Pope in some exclusive sense sits in the Chair of Peter and therefore can excommunicate anyone without ever committing schism. But, is this a right understanding of Peter's Chair?
For it was not Caecilian who went forth from Majorinus, your father's father, but it was Majorinus who deserted Caecilian; nor was it Caecilian who separated himself from the Chair of Peter, or from the Chair of Cyprian—-but Majorinus, on whose Chair you sit—-a Chair which had no existence before Majorinus himself (Optatus, Against the Donatists, Book I, Chap 10).
As we can see, Optatus states that (1) Caecilian was not the one who separated from "the Chair of Peter" and (2) this "Chair of Peter" is identical with "the Chair of Cyprian." We know this is so, because Majorinus has a new Chair. Cyprian, not considered a schismatic by Optatus, could not have had a second Chair as this would entail Cyprian not having Apostolic succession.
How does this work? I am indebted to an Orthodox monk who commended me to look at the Apostolic Succession lists in Saint Irenaeus, Tertullian, Eusebius, and etcetera and take note that no succession list begins with a major Apostle as its first Bishop. In fact, all Bishoprics (including the Apostolic ones) have their source in Saint Peter. Therefore, all Bishops not in schism sit in the Chair of Peter, because they have not set up another Chair.
My friend drinks from the font of the saints themselves. As Saint Optatus explains:
So we have proved that the Catholic Church is the Church which is spread throughout the world…You cannot then deny that you do know that upon Peter first in the City of Rome was bestowed the Episcopal Chair [Cathedra], on which sat Peter, the Head of all the Apostles (for which reason he was called Cephas), that, in this one Chair, unity should be preserved by all, lest the other Apostles might claim–each for himself–separate Chairs, so that he who should set up a second Chair against the unique Chair would already be a schismatic and a sinner. Well then, on the one Chair, which is the first of the Endowments, Peter was the first to sit (St Optatus, Against the Donatists, Book II, Chap 2).
As we can see, the other Apostles do not have "separate Chairs." A "second" and "unique Chair" is schismatic. Hence, it is the setting up another Chair that puts one in schism, not by being "not Peter [i.e. the Pope]." This important point disproves any Roman Catholic contentions that the Pope, by some sort of default, cannot go into schism–as this would contradict the explanation Saint Optatus is giving.
Historically speaking, Saint Peter was the first Bishop for almost every single church of note in the Roman world. He traditionally consecrated Saint Paul (whether this is through his successors in Antioch in Acts 13 or when Paul's first trip to Jerusalem mentioned in Gal 1 we do not know, I prefer the former). He was also the primary Bishop of the Jerusalem church. If one realizes this, almost every ancient Church that we know of would have Petrine succession by any measure, without invoking any sort of idea that Peter was the Archbishop to the other Apostles (who too had Bishoprics).
The preceding is something implicit in the ecclesiology of the fathers. Saint Jerome writes:
The Church is founded upon Peter, although in another place, the same thing is done upon all the Apostles, and they all receive the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven, and the strength of the Church is established equally upon them all. Yet, therefore, among the twelve Apostles, one is chosen, that a head being appointed, occasion of schism may be taken away (Saint Jerome, Against Jovinian, Book I, Par 26). (Link).
Jerome's explanation is important for two reasons. (1) It reiterates that all Apostles (and therefore Bishoprics) are founded on Peter, as this principle of a common origin in Saint Peter himself allows for unity and, by extension, makes it clear when a schismatic sets up a separate Chair. (2) It shows that having Peter's "keys" is not the decisive factor in any way, as all Apostles and Bishops have "keys." This is why elsewhere Optatus writes that Parmenian, the schismatic Donatist Bishop of Carthage, "rightly hast thou claimed the Keys for Peter…although you are not in the Catholic Church, these things cannot be denied, since you have shared true Sacraments with us" (Ibid., Chap 12). Clearly, having the "keys of Peter" was not contingent upon communion with Rome, something that contradicts the Lateran Council of 1215 and the CCC.
Some allege that Optatus thought the city of Rome had the "Chair of Peter" is a way that superseded Cyprian (something that both Saints Cyprian and Firmilian did not believe, the latter overtly accusing Pope Stephen I of Rome of "breaking peace" and causing schism in Cyprian's Epistle 74, Par. 25). I honestly think such assertions are the result of out-of-context interpretations.
Optatus, when he cites the Chair of Peter in Rome itself, appears to be doing so because the Donatists had a Pope and his succession came from Carthage–not the original line of Bishops at Rome. Hence, it was clear to all who set up a second Chair. This is why Saint Optatus in Book III, Chap 3 writes, "Now do you show the origin of your [Macrobius, the Donatist Bishop of Rome mentioned in Chap 4] Cathedra [chair], you who wish to claim the Holy Church for yourselves!" The idea is, if you look at Macrobius' succession, you will find a usurper.
This logic is a dagger that ironically points back at Rome herself in the same century. During the Meletian schism, the Popes backed Bishops of Antioch such as Paulinus whose ordinations originated from Lucifer Caligari (an Italian, not an Antiochene). Ironically, Saint Meletius, according to a letter from Saint Jerome, never broke communion with the Pope. Yet, that same Pope recognized Paulinus and not Meletius. It is clear, via succession, who broke the peace and was the schismatic–Paulinus, his ilk, and the Popes of the late fourth century. Ironically, being that Saint Meletius' line of succession eventually won out, he was vindicated by history and this is a crystal clear example that Rome can indisputably go into schism and no "magical mega Chair powers" can prevent it.
Now, let's cover some other fathers. Saint John Chrysostom writes:
He [that is Jesus Christ] is moreover continually frequenting the synagogues, lest if He were always abiding in the wilderness, they should the more accuse Him as making a schism, and fighting against their polity (Chrysostom on Matt 15:34).
As we can see, when I said that "the Christians were never the schismatics–the Jews of the first century 'started it,'" this is not my own private interpretation. Chrysostom recognized this. Hence, if the Roman Catholics "started" the schism, then this bears mightily on the question of who indeed were the schismatics.
Saint Augustine writes:
Why, then, have you severed yourselves by so rash and profane schism from the communion of innumerable Eastern Churches…? [I]t is manifest that you have been guilty of impious schism in separating yourselves from the communion of the whole world (Augustine, Letter 87, Par 1-2).
In Augustine's speculations on the topic of schism, he never defines the sin as separating oneself from Rome, as the CCC states. Rather, he presumes upon the simple, Biblical and Patristic definition–separating yourself (i.e. "starting it," "setting up a second Chair"), is the schismatic act. If the Donatists' separating from Rome was, at its core, what was actually schismatic about Donatism, why does Augustine fail to ever actually say this? Any references to Rome I believe are similar to Optatus'. Their function is simply to elaborate upon how absurd the Donatists were, as their "second Chair" in Rome would have been clear for all to see.
Lastly, a later Spanish saint also asserts that "whoever separates first and sets up a parallel church is in schism:"
…those who try to make heresies and schisms now in the Church, and deceive many who are drawn along with them, looking down on the priests of Christ and separating many from fellowship with their clergy…[they] dare to set up churches and some make prayers at another altar with illicit voices, profaning the truth of the Lord's Day victim by false sacrifice (St Beatus of Liebana on Rev 2:9).
History's judgement. In review, by the Roman criteria in the CCC the east was in schism the moment Rome excommunicated them. However, if we use the Biblical and Patristic definition, Rome was in schism when they:
Appointed new Bishops in Italy after the Norman Conquest without the consent of local populations, who for centuries resisted Roman encroachments.
Excommunicated the Orthodox Catholics starting in 1054 AD.
Chadwick states that, There was no [reciprocal] excommunication of the Pope, though eventually it came to be supposed that was what the patriarch had done (East and West, p. 212).
Letter of Basil of Calabria (1080s) shows that the Roman church was complicit in excommunication, as the Pope demanded universal jurisdiction from Basil and threatened to have the Normans remove him from his Bishopric otherwise.
A 1089 letter of emperor alexios asserted that the eastern churches did not excommunicate Rome.
Communion was still being offered to the Roman Catholics as late as the council at Nicaea and Nymphaion in 1234 AD.
Expelled and replaced the Orthodox bishop of Antioch in 1100AD after recognizing him for two years, thereby creating a parallel Church.
Followed the same policy in Jerusalem, Constantinople, and everywhere they occupied.
i.e. Bishop Leonitus of Jerusalem was forbidden to enter Jerusalem and was given a death threat for entering his see.
Ironically, wherever this policy was not followed, particularly the Aegean islands and Cyprus, intercommunion persisted for centuries. This specifically shows that it was Roman Catholic aggression and the setting up of secondary Chairs (and not simply a parallel jurisdiction, as they did not allow for the indigenous Orthodox clergy on the mainland) that created schism.
Granted indulgences for crusades during the 13th century against historically Christian populations in Greece and Russia, replacing Orthodox Bishops with ones not recognized by the local community.
This established parallel Uniate churches and their obvious second Chairs.
Ignored sensible attempts at reunion which would end parallel jurisdictions.
i.e. Emperor John Vataces's offer that Latin Bishop of Antioch serve out his term and then jurisdiction would revert back to the Greeks was rejected.
Centuries of Uniate evangelism occurred into the present day.
Obviously, you do not "evangelize" people who are considered brothers within the same Church. The Orthodox did not reciprocate until the 20th century and this is after two centuries of Imperial Russian expansion into historically Roman Catholic lands. Ironically, evangelization is among mostly American Orthodox. In Europe, Orthodox mainly evangelize their separated Uniate brethren.
The tragedy of the preceding, as Erick admitted in the debate, was that a single example of the Orthodox Christians initiating schism cannot be brought to bear. In fact, all of these obviously schismatic acts from Roman Catholics occurred without any Orthodox retaliation for centuries. This means that Roman Catholics, with the reward of indulgences being granted, forcefully replaced Bishops and Crusaded Orthodox lands, while the Orthodox generally did not persecute Roman Catholics.
In fact, perhaps the only true "persecution" against Uniates occurred under Stalin, because they picked the side of the Nazis. This was, in fact, not really an Orthodox persecution at all. And, though some cite the debacle in Chelm as an "Orthodox Crusade," one Uniate scholar admits (p. 367) that it was the fault of local Latin Rite Roman Catholic clergy vis a vis their Uniate rivals. In fact, all of the people involved in Chelm were Roman Catholics!
Conclusion. In short, if we maintain a Biblical and Patristic definition of schism, it is crystal clear that time and again, over centuries, the Roman Catholics are the schismatics. They set up second Chairs and parallel jurisdictions. It is a sad fact of history that must be recognized so that healing between both sides may occur.
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12 thoughts on "Is Roman Catholicism Schismatic? The Case for Orthodoxy"
Inquiring Guy says:
Craig, you wrote,
"I am indebted to an Orthodox monk who commended me to look at the Apostolic Succession lists in Saint Irenaeus, Tertullian, Eusebius, and etcetera and take note that no succession list begins with a major Apostle as its first Bishop. In fact, all Bishoprics (including the Apostolic ones) have their source in Saint Peter. "
Would you mind posting a link or book where I can find these Apostolic Succession lists? From what I can find Antioch lists Peter as first bishop but Jerusalem lists James and Constantinople lists Andrew. Is the idea that Peter appointed these apostles as bishops of those sees? I'm trying to navigate my way between Rome and Orthodoxy and any help would be appreciated. Thanks!
Craig Truglia says:
I have the following citations from Eusebius handy. You can look at Book 3 Chap 3 of against heresies from Irenaeus and google some of the other fathers. The idea is, though i said it sort of ham handedly, is that Peter was the bishop of the other apostles. This, to me, does show a role for the Papacy (rightly understood.) If you want this more fleshed out, Veselin Kesich's "The Primacy of Peter" is a book recommended to me about the topic.
Without further ado, here are quotations from Eusebius' Ecclesiastical History:
Then James, whom the ancients surnamed the Just on account of the excellence of his virtue, is recorded to have been the first to be made bishop of the church of Jerusalem…But Clement in the sixth book of his Hypotyposes writes thus: For they say that Peter and James and John after the ascension of our Saviour, as if also preferred by our Lord, strove not after honor, but chose James the Just bishop of Jerusalem. (Book 2, Chap 1, Par. 2-3)
[T]he Jews, being frustrated in their hope of entrapping him by the snares which they had laid for him, turned against James, the brother of the Lord, to whom the episcopal seat at Jerusalem had been entrusted by the apostles. The following daring measures were undertaken by them against him. (Book 2, Chap 1, Par. 23)
When Nero was in the eighth year of his reign, Annianus succeeded Mark the Evangelist in the administration of the parish of Alexandria. (Book 2, Chap 24)
After Nerva had reigned a little more than a year he was succeeded by Trajan. It was during the first year of his reign that Abilius, who had ruled the church of Alexandria for thirteen years, was succeeded by Cerdon. He was the third that presided over that church after Annianus, who was the first. At that time Clement still ruled the church of Rome, being also the third that held the episcopate there after Paul and Peter. Linus was the first, and after him came Anencletus. (Book 3, Chap 21, Par 1-3)
After the martyrdom of Paul and of Peter, Linus was the first to obtain the episcopate of the church at Rome. Paul mentions him, when writing to Timothy from Rome, in the salutation at the end of the epistle (Book 3, Chap 2).
but Linus, whom he mentions in the Second Epistle to Timothy 2 Timothy 4:21 as his companion at Rome, was Peter's successor in the episcopate of the church there, as has already been shown (Book 3, Chap 4, Par 9).
At this time Ignatius was known as the second bishop of Antioch, Evodius having been the first. Symeon likewise was at that time the second ruler of the church of Jerusalem, the brother of our Saviour having been the first. (Book 3, Chap 22)
And at the same time Papias, bishop of the parish of Hierapolis, became well known, as did also Ignatius, who was chosen bishop of Antioch, second in succession to Peter, and whose fame is still celebrated by a great many (Book 3, Chap 36, Par 2).
This is great, thanks for the response!
Pingback: Review of East/West Debate (Part 2): Crusades and the Greek-Latin Schism | Erick Ybarra
internetsecurity82 says:
Craig, I would add to this account of schism, the final straw, being the Gregorian Paschalion. Yes, I know the calendar issue is never-ending since 1924. BUT check it out-
1. Pope St. Victor clearly saw the Orthodox Pascha as delineating the boundary of the Church, liturgically speaking. However, there was some flexibility, since the Church as a whole had not ruled on it. Because he tried to cast out basically all of Asia Minor for not adhering to his paschalion, clearly this is a church defining issue for him.
2. After Nicea, there is a slow but steady push for universal conformity to Pascha. Generally speaking, after the synod of Whitby, all Orthodoxy is holding to a unified Paschalion, more or less.
3. Even after the estrangement of 1054 and the mutual recriminations of Constantinople in 1180 and 1204, the Paschalion was the same.
4. However, in 1582 Pope Gregory XIII rewrites the Julian Calendar as the Gregorian Calendar by establishing a different usage of leap years, to keep Pascha from eventually occurring in summertime, supposedly.
5. But because the Church has nearly always considered the celebration of Pascha one of her external marks of liturgical unity, this NEW Paschalion of Rome is just one more way of establishing itself as a totally different body than that of the fathers.
6. This is commented on in the Rudder by St. Nikodemos the Hagiorite as being another reason why the Latins were schismatics.
It creates an impediment in reuinion, but because we have a calendar situation of our own I do not see it as crucial, personally.
Austin Shafer says:
Craig, I'm a protestant convert to the eastern orthodox catholic church. help me out here. You contend here that schism is defined by one party giving another party the boot right? Jews gave Christians the boot, so their the schismatics. Roman Catholics gave Eastern Orthodox Catholics the boot, so they are the schismatics. But then here is what I have a hard time wrapping my head around. Does this mean then that anyone who is excommunicated from the church make the church schismatic? So then would this make the heretics the correct ones? Like Roman Catholics also gave Protestants the boot. But then Orthodox made a formal booting of Calvinists, and then the Russian Orthodox Church has cut ties with Constantinople?
To be excommunicated, you have to already be in the Church. Furthermore, to excommunicate you need to follow the model in Matt 18. The "Trial" must be before the whole Church. Those who leave and then set up parallel churches without having had the issue "tried" as Christ commanded are schismatics. Ironically, the Persian Churches (which became Nestorian) had gone into schism due to Persian state policy (which was anti-Roman) before the Council of Ephesus. The Egyptians, who accepted Chalcedon, then went in and out of schism–mainly among Coptic ethnic lines (the Greek Egyptians did not.) The same is true of schismatics in Palestine and Syrian (they went in and out of communion, also on ethnic lines.) They also happened to be heretics on differing Christological points.
But, we have non-Christological schismatics, such as the Novationists. So both existed.
Rome was in the middle, as they definitely had abberant liturgical practices, and a false ecclesiology and Pneumatology. Nevertheless, they repeatedly performed schismatic acts.
In short, schism must by the act of kicking someone out AND setting up a parallel church, without having gone through a council. So, it's not really esoteric and we have many historical examples to choose from.
Joel Thiessen says:
Hello Craig. Could you help to clear this up for me:
What is the difference between a) excommunication, b) schism, and c) the disruption of eucharistic communion.
In which cases does a group have valid sacraments?
Well, a and c are the same thing. Schism can be both local and categorical. Local schisms we tend to call "breaks in communion," though St Paul likely would have just called them "schism" in the Greek. All sins come in matters of degree. Full blown schism, would be that the local break in communion becomes categorical between two separate camps. Next week, I will have a very detailed article on this, short and to the point.
Seeing Clearly says:
I think all churches are at fault and are schismatic, that being said I am an ecumenicalist and would join all the churches Orthodox and Roman Catholic, and work to bridge them together.


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France Suing Apple and Google for Taking Advantage of Developers With 'Abusive Commercial Practices'
Wednesday March 14, 2018 6:10 AM PDT by Mitchel Broussard
French finance minister Bruno Le Maire today announced that the country will be taking legal action against Apple and Google for "abusive commercial practices." Specifically, Le Maire said that the tech companies are taking advantage of French developers with these practices and that the fines from such a legal action could be in the "millions of euros" (via Bloomberg and Reuters).
Speaking on RTL radio, Le Maire said that he has recently become aware of practices performed by Apple and Google, where the companies "unilaterally" impose their prices and tweak other contractural terms with app developers to their liking. After discovering this, Le Maire led the ministry's fraud office into an investigation and found that between 2015 and 2017 there were "significant imbalances" in the relationships between Apple/Google and developers who sold apps on their stores.
"I learned that when developers develop their applications, and sell to Google and Apple, their prices are imposed, Google and Apple take all their data, Google and Apple can unilaterally rewrite their contracts," Le Maire said on RTL radio. "All that is unacceptable and it's not the economy that we want. They can't treat our startups and developers the way they do."
Le Maire went on to state that despite their power, Apple and Google "should not be able to treat" French startups and developers "the way they currently do." The legal action will take place in the Paris commercial court.
Le Maire also mentioned that he expects the European Union to officially close the tax loopholes benefiting Apple and other tech companies -- Google, Facebook, Amazon, etc. -- by the start of 2019.
The loopholes are said to have allowed Apple to "minimize taxes and grab market share" at the expense of Europe-based companies. France's crackdown on these loopholes accelerated during a meeting of European Union officials last September, which now appears to be on track to end by early next year.
The real I ssue is not the pricing and fee structure! The issue is that Apple and Google can unilaterally breach the agreed-upon contracts thereby taking other developers' code and then change the contracts to make the developers drop out of the App Store while Apple and Google keep the code. This allows Apple and Google to keep innovative code for themselves without directly buying the smal developer or licensing from them.
Where on Earth did you get this idea from? It's complete bull.
EVGabe
In other news, France doesn't know what the hell it's talking about.
Glideslope
"Never underestimate the power of stupid people in large groups." EU
TrueBlou
Just imagine how much money, time and other resources would be needed to host, promote and distribute your app if you had to do it all. 30% is a fair take for all the work done in the background by Apple.
I honestly don't think I could be bothered if I had to do it all. Developing and trying to promote apps is hard enough as it is. It eats up your life like nothing else you can imagine.
That's why I'm more than happy to give Apple their cut. For the services they provide it's a bit of a bargain.
[doublepost=1521035655][/doublepost]
The issue is not the pricing and fee structure! The issue is that Apple and Google can take other developers code and then change the contracts to make the developers drop out of the App Store while Apple and Google keep the code. This allows Apple and Google to keep innovative code for themselves without directly buying the smal developer or licensing from them.
No they don't. Copyright still stands even on the AppStore. Apple may "be inspired" by a developers product, but they can't just half inch the code from your app. They either have to buy it, or develop it themselves. They don't even get sent the complete source code from your app when you submit it. They could reverse engineer it but again, copyright prohibits this from taking place.
chrono1081
I'd love to see examples of what Le Maire is talking about. From this post alone it sounds pretty nonsensical.
They noticed it in 2015? Weren't they paying attention between 2008 - 2015?
Or did the backhanders stop around 2015 :D
Apple's pricing and fees haven't changed drastically so since the AppStore launched. There's been a tweak here and there but nothing I'm complaining about.
I know there's going to be whinging and moaning nonetheless. But I don't mind giving Apple a 30% cut and I don't object to their pricing structure.
Not when they're giving me access to over a billion iOS devices to peddle my wares on
Well, several hundred million when you rule out really old versions. But the vast majority of active iOS devices can still be targeted even with the latest developer tools.
That's not to say I'd complain if they scrapped the fixed pricing tiers and allowed the freedom to set any price you like. But no biggie in my book.
I look at Apple's 30% cut this way, having owned retail stores in the past, I know the kind of margins made on the products sold.
I assure you when we had our games shops our margins on software sales were a lot more than 30%.
As far as I'm concerned Apple is simply taking on the role of the old brick and mortar stores and in that respect, taking only 30% is reasonable to me.
Also, why hasn't he bothered mentioning Amazon's App Store? Their policies are not really any different from the rest. Or for that matter, Sony, Microsoft, Nintendo who all have generally larger margins on non-sale items.
You can't pick a fight with one or two companies and just ignore the rest because it suits you.
Maybe I'm just grumpy because I've not slept and had far too much medication. Or maybe I just like a dam good moan from time to time :p
Well...Yeah.... At least developers can sell their application in alternative channel with Android. I don't see how they can sue Google. Apple on other hand, cab you sell on alternative channel? No... Because Apple need the 30% cut.
This hypocrisy again?
Android User 5 Years Ago: "I like Android because it's open and I can get Apps from Google Play or any 3rd party store I wish."
Security Researcher: "But what about all the malware that is prevalent in 3rd party stores?"
Android User Today: "Just stick to Google Play and you won't have any issues. Everyone knows not to trust 3rd party App stores."
Amazing Iceman
jimothyGator
"Nerver underestimate the power of stupid people in large groups." EU
Men in Black summed it up well: A person is smart; people are dumb.
What in good god is he taking about? Devs set their own prices
Also, devs do not 'sell' to Google or Apple. They sell to consumers
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text:
Home / "Josh" Leaving Behind Negative Influences in Lansing
Right Turn in Lansing is proud to highlight Josh for his continued leadership and involvement in the Right Turn program. Josh was referred to the Right Turn program by his Juvenile Court Officer in July 2017. At the time of enrollment, Josh was on probation for Truancy and enrolled in Cyber Education Center, a local alternative high school, to complete online courses. He was also interested in finding a part-time job. Josh has a strained relationship with his mother, to the point where he lived with friends for a little while during a rough patch with his family. He shared that he was spending time with a negative group of peers and was involved in illegal activities.
Since enrollment into the Right Turn program, Josh was placed in an On the Job Training (OJT) work experience with the City of Lansing Parks and Recreation Department, which has since turned into a part-time summer job. He also stopped hanging out with a negative peer group, and was matched with a mentor. He has gained leadership experience from his OJT as an Activity Leader with the Lansing Parks and Recreation Department in addition to being an intern for the Youth Leadership Academy. The Youth Leadership Academy was a weeklong academy held in June 2018 in collaboration with the Lansing Police Department and Lansing Fire Department. These experiences have opened many doors for Josh and he has even changed his career path to a field where he can work with children. While enrolled in the Right Turn program, Josh has attended a college tour and decided that once he graduates from high school he would like to go Wayne State University.
Josh has really taken advantage of the opportunities offered through Right Turn. He is now employed with the Lansing Parks and Recreation Department as an Activity Leader for summer camps at various community center locations within Lansing, MI. In the future, Josh would like to work his way up to a supervisory level and plans to stay with the Lansing Parks and Recreation Department until he goes away to college. Right Turn staff has been very impressed with Josh's initiative and leadership skills. We are very excited to see what he accomplishes with his education and career goals in the future.


text:
Q: Android: How to touch a scrollview and show its scroll bar for 2 seconds? I'm working on a requirement that involve scrollview and textview. Clients require that normally the scroll bar is hidden but when user click (touch) the scrollview, which contain a textview, the scrollbar will appear for a short time, say 2 secs, to let user know that the this view is scrollable.
It seems very simple. But I have tried some ways but none of it could achieve this effect. I have tried:
-Assign the scrollview a id, then add onclicklistener function in activity, use setScrollbarFadingEnabled() function combined with a timer. Not work. I even tried to set it to both scrollview and textview.
-use ScrollView.scrollBy(0,1) with OnClickListener. Not work.
Here is my xml part for this section:
  <ScrollView
      android:id="@+id/iScrollView"
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="0dip"
      android:layout_gravity="left"
      android:layout_weight="1.5"
      android:background="@drawable/border"
      android:clickable="true" >

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/iTextview"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:gravity="bottom"
        android:maxLines="15"
        android:minLines="3"
        android:padding="5dp"
        android:text="Connecting..."
        android:textColor="#777777"
        android:textSize="15sp" >

    </TextView>
</ScrollView>

Is anyone have a simple way to achieve this effect? (I mean, just default android functions, no third party libraries.
Thank you!

A: Try add  android:scrollbarFadeDuration="X"  to your ScrollView. X is in miliseconds, for instance, if you want the scroll bar to show for 2 seconds, you should have the following code:
<ScrollView
      android:id="@+id/iScrollView"
      android:scrollbarFadeDuration="2000"
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="0dip"
      android:layout_gravity="left"
      android:layout_weight="1.5"
      android:background="@drawable/border"
      android:clickable="true" >


Hi, I am 45 and have lived in my parents house since I was 2.
My widowed mother (75) has agreed that she will arrange the will so that I will have right of occupancy after her death. My older brother (lives elsewhere) has agreed to this.
Prior to this agreement I had thought I was going to have to find a home of my own. However, I have a good relationship with my mum and it helps my being around. I would also struggle on my current wage to fund a mortgage without having very little left to live on. I have had a lot of personal problems in the past so the security is important to me as is the stability of the arrangement.
So, I would like to stay in the family home and thus not have to worry about finding a mortgage.
My brother does not want his share of the house when mum dies as he was sufficient money and wants me to have a secure future as regards housing.
My question is, given the risk of getting a mortgage, is the risk of staying here and one day my mother needing long term care a wise choice? She is in good health and no issues but of course you never know what might happen 5 or 10 years down the line.
In the worst case scenario, would the local authority turf me out of the house in order to sell it? I have helped out with bills (plus paying housekeeping etc) and keeping the place up together over these many years. I understand they do not count other relatives living in the home who are over 60. However, is there any chance they would look favourably at someone like me?
I find myself in a difficult position as to best course of action. A mortgage would be virtually unsustainable but being made homeless in years to come is also of course a worry.
I actually think there is more chance of my mum needing intervention if I moved out and she was on her own. We both have quality time and it helps all round. I wondered if in later years the local authority might look on me as a kind of carer?
Any advice or insights on this would be much appreciated. Thanks all.
Who actually owns the house - is it your Mum? and is there a mortgage?
My mum owns the house outright as mortgage was paid off when my dad was still alive.
The obvious answer is for her to make a gift of the house to you now but I think that's too simple and I'm not sure of the tax implications. No doubt a more knowledgeable Beagle will be along - meanwhile I will do some research.
Thank you very much. I understand there might be Capital Gains Tax implications about that, also on her status being able to continue to live here rent free if I owned the place. I looked at buying the place but that would be too much and selling it a much reduced rate to me would not be appropriate, all in all a messy business.
I think in that case if all agree then your mum could gift half the house to you. This would mean that selling the property if your mum ever needs to pay care home fees would be nigh on impossible as you can not sell half a house. Keeping in mind that Local Authorities can go back 7 years if they think that this was done to avoid paying care home fees.
I also think this will mean as you only own half the house your mum will not have to pay you rent to live in the house. If she gave you all the house this would not be the case.
That's only my opinion on the matter and any step you do take should be done properly and handled by a solicitor.
Is it over the threshold for inheritance tax (ie 325K, AFAIK)?
You want to avoid the situation Enaid describes above ie that the LA gets the idea that you are in some way trying to avoid legitimate care home fees should that situation arise. 7 years appears to be the magic number and if she is in good health and you are happy to be her carer then it's just a matter of working out what is most cost effective tax wise.
Well worth getting detailed legal advice IMHO.


The parish is in the Blackfriars Partnership together with the parishes of St. Mary's Cathedral, All Saints, St. Andrew, and English Martyrs in Newcastle upon Tyne, St. Cuthbert in North Kenton, St. Cuthbert in Throckley, St. Francis Xavier in Cheeseburn Grange, St. George in Bell's Close, St. John Vianney in West Denton, St. Mark in Westerhope, St. Matthew in Ponteland, St. Michael in Elswick, and St. Robert in Fenham. The Partnership also includes Bede House Catholic Chaplaincy in Newcastle upon Tyne.
Please use the form below to contact us with your query or message and we will get back to you as soon as possible.


The first Greenlee PR majors graduated in 2014.
Where you'll spend your next four years—at Iowa State University, a world-class institution of higher learning and home to Nobel Prize and Pulitzer Prize winning professors.
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Updated September 25, 2017. This data is updated on an annual basis.


text:
Casualty spoilers: Will prepares to leave the ED – but will Fenisha go with him? Daily Chinese Zodiac Saturday January 16: What your horoscope sign means for you today Indian journalist falls for Harvard job offer phishing hoax Grime artist Solo 45 who held four women against their wall and raped them has jail term increased by six years 'The buck stops here': Dutch PM, cabinet resign over welfare debt scandal Son of Nicholas Lyndhurst dies of rare brain condition Aly & AJ, Ariana Grande, Why Don't We & More – New Music Friday 1/15! Bryson DeChambeau pushed his brain too far at Masters: 'Weird symptoms' Bridgerton Star Expresses Concern About Filming Season 2 Anytime Soon 'John Wick' Writer Is Developing a 'Dungeons & Dragons' TV Series for Entertainment One
Home / Sport / Corey Crawford retires before playing game for Devils
Corey Crawford retires before playing game for Devils
Veteran Ranger isn't concerned with being Alexis Lafreniere's mentor
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The Mike Tirico factor in NBC's delayed Doc Emrick replacement plan
Former Rangers head coach dead at 86
Devils goalie Corey Crawford announced his retirement from the NHL on Saturday, one day after being granted an indefinite leave of absence from the team due to personal reasons.
The two-time Stanley Cup winner with the Chicago Blackhawks had signed a two-year deal worth $7.8 million with New Jersey in October.
"I have been fortunate to have had a long career playing professional hockey for a living. I wanted to continue my career, but believe I've given all I can to the game of hockey, and I have decided that it is time to retire," the 36-year-old Crawford said in a statement. "I would like to thank the New Jersey Devils organization for understanding and supporting my decision."
Crawford also thanked the Blackhawks for "giving me the chance to live my childhood dream."
The Quebec native played 13 seasons in Chicago, posting a 262-162-53 record with a 2.45 career goals against average and 26 shutouts in 488 regular-season games. He also was the starting goaltender during the Blackhawks' championship runs in 2013 and 2015, and he was a member of the gold-medalist Team Canada squad in the 2016 World Cup of Hockey.
"I am proud to have been part of winning two Stanley Cups in Chicago," Crawford said. "Thank you to all of my teammates and coaches throughout the years. Also, thank you to the fans who make this great game what it is. I am happy and excited to move on to the next chapter of my life with my family."
Crawford's departure leaves the Devils with Mackenzie Blackwood, who re-signed on a three year deal last month, and 28-yeard-old Scott Wedgewood, the third-string goalie for last year's Stanley Cup champions, the Tampa Bay Lightning.
Casualty spoilers: Will prepares to leave the ED – but will Fenisha go with him?


The Windows Agent sends its logging to the Server in random (not chronological) order.
When a report is opened via the user interface (UI) the timestamp of the report is not in chronological order, see screenshot below.
The log file of the file system does not have this issue and is listed in chronological order.
Root Cause: The Windows Agent sends its logging in random (not chronological) order to the server.
Use the log file from the file system.


text:
[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/thaliproject/node_acl_levelup.png)](https://travis-ci.org/thaliproject/node_acl_levelup)
[![GitHub version](http://img.shields.io/github/tag/thaliproject/node_acl_levelup.svg)](https://github.com/thaliproject/node_acl_levelup)
[![NPM version](http://img.shields.io/npm/v/node_acl_levelup.svg)](https://npmjs.org/package/node_acl_levelup)
[![Downloads](http://img.shields.io/npm/dm/node_acl_levelup.svg)](https://npmjs.org/package/node_acl_levelup)

# LevelUp adapter for ACL #

This project is an adapter for [LevelUP](https://github.com/rvagg/node-levelup) library for the [NODE ACL](https://github.com/OptimalBits/node_acl) project.

## Installation ##

```bash
$ npm install node_acl_levelup
```

## Usage ##

You can get started by simply creating a new LevelUP instance with the backing store of your choice.  Since version 0.9, [LevelDOWN](https://github.com/rvagg/node-leveldown/) is purely optional, and you can use [MemDOWN](https://github.com/rvagg/node-memdown) for an in-memory solution.

```js
// LevelUP database
var levelup = require('levelup');
var memdown = require('memdown');
var db = levelup({ db: memdown });

var Acl = require('node_acl_levelup');

var acl = new Acl(new Acl.levelupBackend(db, 'acl'));

// guest is allowed to view blogs
acl.allow('guest', 'blogs', 'view', function (err) {
  if (err) { throw err; }

  // Add a user to guest
  acl.addUserRoles('joed', 'guest', function (err) {
    if (err) { throw err; }

    // Check whether user joed can view blogs
    acl.isAllowed('joed', 'blogs', 'view', function(err, result) {
      if (err) { throw err; }

      console.log('User joed is allowed to view blogs? ', result);
  });
});
// => User joed is allowed to view blogs? true
```

## Known Issues ##

Currently, due to sequencing issues within the NODE ACL project, the batch processing of allowing resources is not supported, such as the following:

```js
acl.allow(
  [
    {
      roles: 'fumanchu',
      allows: [
        {resources: 'blogs', permissions: 'get'},
        {resources: ['forums','news'], permissions: ['get','put','delete']},
        {resources: ['/path/file/file1.txt', '/path/file/file2.txt'], permissions: ['get','put','delete']}
      ]
    }
  ],
  function (err) {
    if (err) { throw err; }
  }
);
```

Instead, the nested approach is the only approach which works.
```js
acl.allow('fumanchu', ['blogs'], ['get'], function (err) {
  if (err) { throw err; }

  acl.allow('fumanchu', ['forums', 'news'], ['get', 'put', 'delete'], function (err) {
    if (err) { throw err; }

    acl.allow('fumanchu', ['/path/file/file1.txt', '/path/file/file2.txt'], ['get', 'put', 'delete'], function (err) {
      if (err) { throw err; }
    })
  });
});
```

This can be of course alleviated by such modules as [async](https://github.com/caolan/async).

```js
var async = require('async');

async.series([
  function (cb) {
    acl.allow('fumanchu', ['blogs'], ['get'], cb);
  },
  function (cb) {
    acl.allow('fumanchu', ['forums', 'news'], ['get', 'put', 'delete'], cb);
  },
  function (cb) {
    acl.allow('fumanchu', ['/path/file/file1.txt', '/path/file/file2.txt'], ['get', 'put', 'delete'], cb);
  }
], function (err) {
  if (err) { throw err; }
});
```

Or even [RxJS](https://github.com/Reactive-Extensions/RxJS).
```js
var Rx = require('rx');

var allow = Rx.Observable.fromNodeCallback(acl.allow, acl);

var source = Rx.Observable.concat(
  allow('fumanchu', ['blogs'], ['get']),
  allow('fumanchu', ['forums', 'news'], ['get', 'put', 'delete']),
  allow('fumanchu', ['/path/file/file1.txt', '/path/file/file2.txt'], ['get', 'put', 'delete'])
);

source.subscribe(
  function () { /* Nothing to see here */ },
  function (err) { console.log(err); },
  function () { console.log('done'); }
)
```

## License ##

The MIT License (MIT)

Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub