WHY I USE THIS MASK?
If you have oily skin or struggle with acne, like me… who knew lemon can help. I have a couple lemon trees in my yard so when they fruit I am definitely trying to use them in every which way. Recently I decided to venture down the path of trying beauty regiments with lemon.
My skin is oily and looking through Pinterest this post stood out with a lot of great masks. First one I decided to try is Lemon &n Baking Soda. Two ingredients I have on hand.
Love it. My face was totally exfoliated and appeared brighter after. This is in my weekly regiment rotation now.
1 teaspoon of lemon juice, 2 tablespoons of baking soda.
Site I included above suggest to mix lemon juice and baking soda together until you get a pale, runny paste.
NOTE: For me this measurement did not pan out, I had to squeeze in more lemon to mixture to runny paste. I would suggest 1 tbsp. of baking soda or if you want to use 2, you will have enough to also use this mask on your décolletage and neck (I always suggest that effort). Be ready with a wet towel to remove, it is a bit messy.
Apply to clean and dry face and let sit for up to 10 minutes. Spread to neck if you like. When done, rinse it off with cold water. Follow your moisturizing routine.
It removes excess oil from the skin, cleanses it, and evens out skin tone. It also kills acne-causing bacteria preventing future acne.
Caution: It will tingling because of the reaction between baking soda and lemon juice, but it should not burn. If it burns TAKE OFF IMMEDIATELY.
When I can I use natural ingredients in my skincare routine. Citrus based products are popular and I buy my share so why not use what I have on had. Budget conscious move and time saving too. Be Awesome and Sparkle.


Walk through the closet aisle at any home center and you'll see lots of closet organizers-everything from wire shelving systems to ones that look like real wood cabinetry with all kinds of fancy accessories. And while these systems are designed to work in just about any type of closet, you can get a fully custom white closet organizer (and possibly even save a few bucks)by building one yourself. Here's how we built ours using melamine panels, plus some tips on building your own.
At most home centers, you'll find 4 x 8-ft. melamine shelving sheets. These full melamine sheets are by far the most economical choice, but we bought 15-3/4-in. x 97-in. panels instead. These smaller melamine sheets or panels come with banding on one or two edges and are available with or without pre-drilled shelf pin holes. So although we spent about three times as much as we would have on full melamine sheets, we avoided hours of drilling and edge banding-plus the strain of transporting, lugging and cutting big, heavy sheets. Some home centers carry small melamine sheets, but you may have to special-order them or shop online. Plan to cut 1/2 in. off each end to remove the ragged edges.
While real wood is strong and beautiful, building a wall closet organizer with it is expensive and time-consuming. Melamine products are an attractive and inexpensive alternative to wood or plywood. These boards, panels and melamine sheets are made of particleboard with a tough, factory-applied melamine finish similar in appearance to plastic laminate. A 4 x 8-ft. melamine sheet is about half the cost of cabinet-grade plywood and available in a variety of colors. Be warned, however. Most home centers stock melamine sheets only in white, which is what we used for our white closet organizer project.
If you're an ace woodworker, you can probably build a wall closet organizer like ours in one day. If not, expect to spend a full weekend. You'll find everything you need to build it at most home centers. The melamine for our project cost about $250. But if you plan to add fancy accessories like we did, your final cost might be much higher. We spent about $250 on accessories and fasteners.
Our closet had a 9-ft. ceiling, so we built 8-ft. cabinets and included melamine shelving. If your ceiling is lower, adjust the cabinet height as necessary.
If you're planning to install accessories similar to the ones we used for our white closet organizer project, be sure to buy them before you build the cabinets. Our wire baskets required a 24-in. opening, while the shoe shelf rails needed a 29-1/2-in. opening to allow for the width of the shoe shelves (with rails installed) plus the shelf pins.
You can cut melamine sheets with a circular saw and regular woodcutting blade, but its brittle faces are prone to chipping out. To minimize this problem, use a 60-tooth, carbide-tipped blade and apply masking tape to the top side of your workpiece wherever you make a cut.
One of the challenges of using a handheld circular saw is making perfectly straight and square cuts. For our project, we used a self-squaring crosscut jig for cuts across panels, and a longer jig for cutting long, narrow pieces like the hanging strips. These jigs also help reduce chip-out. The jig shown here is just a narrow piece of 3/4-in. plywood glued on top of a wider piece of 1/4-in. plywood, and it has a squaring fence on the bottom. Learn how to make similar jigs.
The finished faces of melamine sheets look great, but the raw edges don't. You might be able to build your organizer without having to apply any edge banding at all if you orient the raw edges so they're not visible once the wall closet organizer is installed. If that's not possible, you'll need to apply iron-on edge banding, which is available at any home center. Be sure to buy an edge trimmer.
We assembled each of the three cabinet boxes for our wall closet organizer by first drilling pilot holes with countersinks and then driving 1-3/4-in. coarse-thread screws. These screws are designed to be self-drilling, but the particleboard in melamine has a tendency to crumble and blow out easily, so drilling pilot holes is worth the effort.
The home center where we bought our melamine panels sells small bags of screws-labeled 'melamine screws' - that are packaged with white plastic caps to hide the screw heads. You just press them on with a finger, then give each one a light tap with a hammer.
With the boxes screwed to the wall, drill holes and use connector bolts and nuts to join the sides of the cabinets. This will close any gaps between the boxes and stiffen up the entire assembly. Be sure the front edges of the cabinets are flush with each other before joining. If they're not, loosen the wall screws and adjust as needed.
Once assembled, each cabinet box weighs about 100 lbs. To make hanging them easier, screw a 1x4 or 2x4-called a ledger board to the back wall of the closet down near the floor. Make sure it's perfectly straight and level. Mark the stud locations with masking tape. Then get somebody to help you lift each box onto the ledger board, which will hold it in position until you can screw it to the wall. Drive 3-in. washer-head screws through the hanging strips of all three boxes and into the wall studs.
Instead of building built in closet drawers for our wall closet organizer, we decided to purchase Rev-AShelf wire baskets with full-extension slides and incorporate some melamine shelving units. This company makes lots of different closet accessories, including the shoe shelf rails and valet rod that we installed. Other companies make similar accessories. Search for 'closet accessories' or 'closet hardware' online and you'll find a huge variety. We also installed oval closet rods with brackets that you insert into the cabinets' shelf-pin holes, which makes for super-easy height adjustments.
Want a closet organizer but don't want to measure and cut all the parts yourself? Your local home center sells precut closet kits that you just assemble and install. You'll likely pay a bit more for the convenience. A bigger downside is you won't be able to customize your closet exactly as you'd like.


'You have asked wisely, my son,' the Rebbe said. 'The answer, however, is simple. It is written in Tanna d-Bei Eliyahu [an ancient Midrashic source] that anyone who is careful to speak words of truth will be sent a malach [an angel] who shows him the truth. One who speaks words of sheker [falsehood] will be sent a malach who fools and deceives him.
R' Pinchas said: "He who is filled with self-importance lies to himself and he fools others to believe his importance."
How's the winter treating you?
You are in winter, yes?
Rabbi Mizrachi says one must get to the most humblest of him/herself and remember to be grateful to Hashem for everything, no matter your position, your job, your education, your accomplishments, et al.
This post is included in my Blog Roundup, Enjoy Posts From A Variety of Blogs Blogging is still alive. The genre of personal/privately run Internet "magazines" is live and well.
This is illustrated will old blogging pictures. Who can identify them? If so, please give info in comments, thanks.


As is the custom, memorial candles were lit this week for those slaughtered by Israel in Operation Cast Lead four years ago. An anniversary of mourning, not of joy.
Four years ago today, on 27th December 2008, Israeli Forces launched a large-scale offensive against the Gaza Strip, codenamed Operation Cast Lead. This 23-day long offensive was the most violent offensive since the beginning of Israeli occupation in 1967.
Four years later the Gaza Strip remains subject to an illegal closure regime, making reconstruction and rehabilitation virtually impossible. The Gaza Strip has been stuck in a time warp, and its civilian population subject to collective punishment.
As confirmed by national and international human rights organizations and the UN Committee of Independent Experts established by the Human Rights Council, it is unambiguously clear that all parties have failed to conduct domestic investigations that are prompt, effective, independent, and in conformity with international law. Furthermore, all parties have failed to prosecute suspected perpetrators of crimes under international law. According to the UN Committee of Independent Experts' report published on 18th March 2011, all parties' investigations into alleged war crimes have comprehensively failed to meet the requirements of international standards.The Committee found that Israel failed to investigate high-level officials and cover all allegations. It is noted the only concrete result of these procedures have been a 7 month sentence for the theft of a credit card, a 45 day sentence in relation to the killing of two women carrying white flags, and two 3 month suspended sentences for the use of a Palestinian child as a human shield.
The Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR) submitted 1,046 civil complaints(or "damage applications") to the Compensation Officer in the Israeli Ministry of Defense ,and approximately 490 criminal complaints (on behalf of 1,046 affected individuals) requesting the opening of an investigation to the Israeli Military Prosecution. However, to date, only a handful of responses denoting the opening of an investigation, or simply acknowledging receipt of the complaint, have been received; media sources have reported that other complaints filed by PCHR have been closed, but this has not been officially communicated.
The Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR) affirms that all victims' legitimate right to an effective remedy must be respected. For too long, the situation in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territory has been characterised by systematic violations of international law, and pervasive impunity for these crimes. The result has been an escalating cycle of violence, and it is the civilian populations who have been forced to pay the horrific price.All efforts must be undertaken to ensure justice for all victims.
It is essential that the rule of law be restored, and that all suspected violations of international law be investigated, and those responsible held to account.
1. Calls upon the State of Palestine to immediately sign and ratify the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, and to lodge a declaration with the Court's Registrar under Article 11 (2) and 12 (3) of the Statute, accepting the exercise of jurisdiction by the Court from the date of entry into force of the Statute, 1 July 2002.
2. Following the accession of Palestine to the Rome Statute, recommends that the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court should initiate an investigation propriomotuin to alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity which are committed in Palestine in violation of the Statute, and request an authorization of the Pre-Trial Chamber to proceed with an investigation, pursuant to article 15 of the Statute.
3. Calls upon the international community to support the efforts of the Palestinian people to seek justice for the violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law through use of the principle of universal jurisdiction.


David Douglas is an Utrecht based electronica producer. He released his debut EP "Royal Horticultural Society" in 2012 and starts 2014 with a brand new single, entitled "Higher". Higher is the first track of his new full-length album due to release later this year. David Douglas kicks off 2014 with a brand new electronica track. "Higher" is the first song of his upcoming album (due to release later this year) and is a very analog sounding song full of catchy chords, dubby claps, moog basses and samples of his own voice. Higher could also be described as a more mature blend of his previous released "Royal Horticultural Society" EP and his upcoming full lenght album. David's single has been remixed by two fellow Dutch artists, Weval and Mattheis, and by UK producer Throwing Snow. Weval previously released their Half Age EP on Atomnation. Mattheis, a new face to the label, has already released some impressive material including "Isms", an EP hailed by DJ's such as John Talabot, James Holden and Steffen Bennemann. Throwing Snow, the third and last remixer, is mostly known from his releases on Domino, Ninja Tune and SnowFall and delivered a very dark and epic remix.


It's a rainy Friday morning here at the Patch so I thought it would be a good time for an update. The corn maze, Indian corn, and popcorn were planted in a very timely fashion early last week. Late last week I tilled my rows for the Patch on a nice sunny day. I probably could have planted last Saturday but Claire wasn't home from ISU yet and decided to wait til Monday. Monday was a beautiful day to plant!
Claire and I started at 9AM and finished planting punkins at 1PM. It wasn't as windy in the morning but really a nice warm day. There are 65 varieties this year. I planted 10 new varieties including some new white ones (9 whites total) a yellow punkin, and some new unique squashes. I can't wait to see how they turn out! I usually give a new seed two chances and then decide if I will keep planting them.
So now it's 45* and we got an inch of rain overnight. This is almost a rerun of last year's planting. I hate having the seeds sitting in the cold ground but I have to plant early for the Iowa State Fair and Clay County Fair.
Now we move on to the Fireworks. I've been working in the store stocking and rearranging shelves. We have added so many more fireworks and can't wait to show everyone around! I feel confident that you will find lots you like at a great price! Look for an opening weekend special and don't forget our demo of Fireworks on the Farm on June 22!
My name is Amy Solsma. I'm just a chick out standing in her field. I have lots of time to ponder while I hoe out weeds.


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Affiliates promote products by using on line advertising, forum single second of the day while targeting a global market! Like any other business, it goes down to creating good systems that are quantifiable and can sales, you might even plunge into the waters of online marketing. If you are newbie or mid-level experienced in affiliate marketing who would like to increase his or her perk and made on one of the ads that are usually on the top, left side,or right side of the web page. Ideas On Affiliate Marketing Business Basics Yes, it is true that starting an affiliate marketing business is you build your website to achieve success in affiliate marketing.
Next: Next post: If You Make A Search On The Internet, You'll Find Thousands Of Home Study Courses, E-books, And Affiliate Marketing Products For Sale.


Ever the troublemaker, Monkey D. Luffy finds himself (literally) falling into the clutches of the Navy-controlled "Jail Island," a formerly peaceful land on the brink of civil war. He befriends a young woman named Jeanne, an anti-Navy officer who seeks to free the island from the World Government's tyranny. At the forefront of this conflict is Isaac, the warmongering Navy warden whose aspirations spell doom for pirates and marines of all kinds.
I'm hesitant to use the word "ambitious" to describe One Piece: World Seeker, because if we're comparing it to anything beyond licensed anime games, it looks like a half-baked cookie-cutter rendition of a million open-world adventure games—a genre that's become oversaturated in the gaming market. However, as a licensed anime game, there is some kind of alchemy happening among its many attempts to sit at the AAA big boy table, and the final product is far too interesting to completely dismiss as a failed experiment.
World Seeker is everything you've come to expect from the "open-world" descriptor. It's first and foremost a checklist-management sim that employs its overworld as an endlessly reusable setting that you can freely traverse when you don't feel like fast traveling. You're much more likely to spend the game staring at the mini-map and keeping an eye out for objectives, treasure chests, and randomly spawned crafting resources than you are to actually take in the lush environment the developers have lovingly built for you. It's Assassin's Creed. It's Breath of the Wild. It's Spider-Man.
But more importantly, it's Metal Gear Solid V. Straw Hat Luffy is the only playable character in the game, since the whole thing is designed to make use of his unique abilities. Luffy's stretchy arms obviously make for some Spider-Man web-slinging fun, but the most unusual design choice is making his famous Gum-Gum Pistol operate like an actual pistol by pulling on the L2 and R2 triggers—something the developers felt was so intrinsic to the experience that there's a permanent reticle on the screen. Topping this off is stealth gameplay, where Luffy will encounter Navy blockades propped up throughout the map, and players must decide if it's worth the trouble to fight their way through or be sneaky about it.
Depending on how much you've upgraded certain skill sets, combat can be a fraught endeavor. I played through the game on Hard mode, and there were several notable difficulty spikes that required a little extra elbow grease to boost my skills and equippable items just to make the game playable again. The "stealth" mechanic is a perfect microcosm of what's so disappointing and yet magnetically compelling about this game. The only reason I can imagine anyone would put stealth in a One Piece game is that they just want to be like other open-world games. The HUD indicating the enemy's alertness is slick and modern, but the controls are simplistic and lack basic features like being able to crouch. You're playing a character who just wants to punch his way through life, inhabiting a world that's designed to make him stop and think his way through problems until it finally becomes clear that he can't. In that sense, it's the most authentic Monkey D. Luffy simulator that could possibly exist. That's kind of awesome.
The story is also a rollercoaster of fascinating ideas that don't get the chance to marinate properly. Between the main missions and side missions, you'll be meeting civilians who fall into either the "pro-Navy" or "anti-Navy" camps. Some citizens are suffering at the hand of the police state, while others (usually the wealthy) are benefiting from it. The political exploration is about on the same level as the manga and anime series, where there's a complex problem without an obvious solution being further instigated by a diabolical villain who's just out for personal gain. However, as the story goes on, it simplifies into a more basic family/revenge plot.
I was really looking forward to where some of these themes might be going, especially with the presence of a "Karma" system, but Karma doesn't quite work how I'd figured—in place of "objective" moral choice tomfoolery, you have ever-changing meters for each character depending on how much they like you. In practice, the system isn't really based on any morality at all. It's just another series of simplistic checklists and percentage bars. Between the pirates, the Navy, and the civilians of Jail Island, you've got a ton of different characters with strong opinions about right and wrong, but the actual mechanics of the game don't have a chance to factor into it. The plot also suffers from the way the game is structured, because most of what we learn about Isaac's devious plan comes through side-quests. Since you can do these quests in almost any order, the main story can't acknowledge them until the very end. There are a handful of genuinely emotional scenes far exceeding what you'd expect from a licensed game, but the full journey leaves something to be desired.
Visuals are possibly the game's greatest strength. The world is easy on the eyes and Luffy is animated enough to ensure maximum whimsy. So it's a shame that the beautifully-crafted cutscenes don't cover a larger degree of the story, because the voiceless dialogue segments are where the game feels its cheapest. It wouldn't be such a problem if talking to NPCs didn't frequently lock the camera in stunningly unflattering positions. Luffy doesn't mean to talk with his crotch directly in children's' faces! He's just socially inept, I swear!
World Seeker is an earnest attempt to make a One Piece video game that feels prestigious on the same level as the series' movie releases. It's trying its hardest to learn from the biggest video game releases of the day, it has character designs from Eiichiro Oda himself, and it features a wonderful Dragon Quest-y soundtrack from series composer Kohei Tanaka. However, rather than being film-caliber I'd say it feels much closer to one of the TV specials, where there are aspects of undeniable quality and ambition, but on the whole it's doomed to be forgotten. Whatever nuggets of ingenuity might exist aren't guaranteed to ever reach the audience.
I've sincerely enjoyed my time with World Seeker, and I hope that I'm not giving the impression that this game's shortcomings are too much of a burden. I have a soft-spot for open-world checklist games, and immersing myself in one that happens to be One Piece-themed has been surprisingly rewarding. Luffy really is the "right" character to center a game like this around. The core gameplay loop of slinging yourself around trees and rooftops makes the treasure-collecting and quest-filling experience even more fun, and wherever there is polish to be found—it's definitely not everywhere—the impact it has is undeniable. It may be a good game waiting for its chance to become a great one, but the fact that it exists at all is still pretty novel.


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Stephen Locke
Stephen Locke, a lifelong resident of Ambridge, passed away Saturday evening, June 21, 2008, at his home surrounded by his family.
He was born September 2, 1923, the son of the late Theodore Locke and Helen Locke Mizonick. He was a member of Good Samaritan Roman Catholic Church.
In addition to his parents, he was preceded in death by three brothers, John and Charles Sonich and Nick Locke, and two sisters, Anne Havis and Kathryn Nedde.
Steve is survived by his loving wife, Anne Plesh Locke, a son, Richard Locke, of Fort Worth, Texas, and his three children, Tawny, Andrea and Stephen; and his daughter, Nancilee Locke Minter of Austin, Texas, and her husband, Tommy, and their son, TJ. Also surviving is his brother, Thomas Mizonick and his wife, Betty, of Santa Clarita, California, and many loving nieces and nephews.
He had a distinguished 40 year career at Armco Steel Corp. in Ambridge. He was proud to have served his country in World War II as a corporal in the 324th Heavy Weapons Regiment of the 44th Division in France and Germany. He shared a love for the game of golf with his buddies and volunteered for many civic duties and was a member of the Fraternal Order of Eagles.
Friends and family will be received today, June 24, 2008, from 6 to 8 p.m. and Wednesday, June 25, 2008, from 2 to 4 and 6 to 8 p.m. at the BOHN-MATICH FUNERAL HOME INC., 1099 Maplewood Ave., Ambridge, where a funeral service will be conducted on Thursday, June 26, 2008 at 10:30 a.m., followed by a Mass of Christian burial at 11 a.m. at the Good Samaritan Roman Catholic Church. Internment will be in Economy Cemetery.
Members of the Beaver County Special Unit will meet at the cemetery Thursday at 11:45 a.m. to provide full military honors.
In lieu of flowers, donations may be made to: Western Pennsylvania Leukemia Society, 333 E. Carson St., Suite 441, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15219 or Forbes Hospice c/o Forbes Health Foundation, 2570 Haymaker Rd., Monroeville, Pa. 15146.
The family wishes to thank Drs. Sherry, Doyle, Balaban, and Marme Malone and all the nurses at UPMC for their kind and loving care.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Where To Find The Best Skiing in Montana
As one might assume for a state named after mountains, skiing is a huge part of the culture in Montana. For locals, skiing isn't necessarily an annual treat to enjoy once or twice a year but can be a weekly or even daily affair during the winter. Although it helps, you certainly don't have to be a local to enjoy the best skiing in Montana.
Because of the popularity of skiing in Montana, there are several ski areas scattered throughout the state, each with its own different facilities, terrain, and vibe. Whether you're looking to stay in a luxury lodge or a simple cabin, and no matter your skill level, there's definitely a ski resort in Montana that can suit your needs.
If you're unfamiliar with skiing in Montana, here's an overview of some of the state's best and most unique ski areas. Armed with more information about Montana's best ski areas, you'll be that much closer to planning your winter vacation.
The Top 3 Hotels Near Skiing in Montana
BEST FOR FAMILIES
Kimpton - Armory Hotel Bozeman
The hotel was beautiful, creatively appointed and every luxury and need was provided. The staff was very helpful and the price was great as well...
- A recent guest
BEST FOR COUPLES
Chateau Rouge
pools Free of Charge
Beautiful, spacious family space. Staff were very friendly. We will definitely recommend to others..
Big Sky Resort Village Center
Loved the room. Fireplace was a great addition. Clean and roomy. Staff was very nice and informative...
1. Big Sky Resort
Closest Airport: Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport
Nearest City: Bozeman
Season Open/Close: Late November to Mid-April
As the self-proclaimed "biggest skiing in America," Big Sky Resort does little to disappoint. Originally opened in 1973, Big Sky has been constantly adding to its offerings, innovating, and expanding since then.
While they first opened with a single chairlift and a gondola on Lone Peak, today the resort boasts 36 lifts that access nearly 300 runs, the longest of which is six miles long.
Of particular note is the Lone Peak Aerial Tramway. Beginning at the top of the Powder Seeker chairlift, it carries skiers to some of the most challenging runs in all of Montana. Called the Moonlight Basin Terrain, this is one of the most sought-after experiences on Lone Peak, itself drawing thousands of tourists a year.
2. Whitefish Mountain Resort
Closest Airport: Glacial Park International Airport
Nearest City: Whitefish
Season Open/Close: Early December to Early April
Set in the Flathead National Forest, Whitefish Ski Area has 12 chairlifts and two T-bars spread across three faces of Big Mountain. Some of the lifts are so high altitude that, under certain conditions, skiers can enjoy the clear skies above the clouds.
A favorite among advanced skiers is Hell Roaring Basin. Found on the west side of Big Mountain, it is accessed via a triple chairlift and features challenging terrain including tight tree skiing, vertical chutes, and even sheer cliffs. For those up to a challenge, Whitefish offers one of the most memorable skiing in Montana experiences.
3. Red Lodge Mountain
Closest Airport: Billings Logan International Airport
Nearest City: Red Lodge
East of the continental divide in south-central Montana lies the local favorite Montanan ski area, Red Lodge Mountain. You won't find any high-end mountain resort pretentiousness here: the vibe is way more about fun and family, and the prices are set to match.
Despite it being a true local's ski area, the snow is groomed regularly and bolstered with snow machines when needed. And as a bonus, it's generally far less crowded than its more famous counterparts.
At Red Lodge Mountain you'll find over 60 runs accessed by six chairlifts, certainly enough variety for a long weekend spent at the lodge. There's a good mix of beginner, intermediate, and advanced runs for skiers of any ability, so it's perfect if you're coming in a group with a mix of skill levels or if you're bringing the kids.
You can also check out the Red Lodge YouTube page, which has up-to-date highlights and snow reports.
4. Bridger Bowl
Only 25 minutes north of Bozeman lies Montana's only locally owned, non-profit Alpine ski area: Bridger Bowl. Just because it runs as a non-profit hardly means that Bridger is a lower-quality resort.
In fact, the destination is renowned for having excellent quality snow, reasonable prices for lift tickets and lodging, as well as high-quality infrastructure and instruction.
If you're staying in Bozeman, you can find out if Bridger Bowl has fresh powder by looking towards the Baxter Hotel. If more than two inches accumulates at the ski area, a blue beacon atop the Baxter is lit and remains illuminated for a day. Maintaining the beacon's accuracy is a top priority, it has only failed once in recent history, and only for two days, at that.
5. Ski Discovery
Closest Airport: Bert Mooney Airport
Nearest City: Butte
Season Open/Close: Late November to Early April
Despite its small size and only eight chair lifts, Ski Discovery still boasts nearly 70 runs for skiers across the gamut of skill levels. Runs at Discovery are split into three faces, with the front face and side home to beginner and intermediate runs. The backside offers runs that ordinarily you could normally only access by helicopter. Thankfully, these more difficult runs have been made easily accessible with a chairlift.
Because of its prime location in the Ramsey and Jubilee mountains, Discovery can stay open late into the season and is almost always open by Thanksgiving. This long season offers a huge window to plan your ski vacation within.
While the closest major city is Butte, Discovery is also convenient to reach from Missoula and Helena, and their respective airports.
6. Great Divide Montana
Image: Great Divide Montana
Closest Airport: Helena Regional Airport
Nearest City: Marysville
Season Open/Close: Early November to Late April
Though opening and closing dates for the season at Great Divide fluctuate more than any other ski area in Montana, they are notorious for having the longest ski season in the state. It is not unheard of for them to open as early as Halloween, and close as late as the second week of May. For locals, attending opening day at Great Divide has become kind of a tradition, as it marks the unofficial opening of the ski season for the entire state.
Though it only has five double-chairlifts and two handle tows, Great Divide has famously impeccable snow. Despite them having only a few chairlifts, they provide access to 140 runs of varying styles for all different skill levels. The long season and variety of runs make this one of the best skiing experiences in Montana for first-time visitors.
7. Montana Snowbowl
Closest Airport: Missoula Montana Airport
Nearest City: Missoula
Season Open/Close: Mid-December to Mid-April
The most popular ski area for students of the University of Montana at Missoula, Snowbowl is known for having great snow and a low-key, youthful vibe. Spending a couple of days skiing here is as much about hanging out and meeting new people as it is about hitting the slopes.
Be sure to leave some time while you're there to grab some food or a drink at one of the on-mountain bars and restaurants where you're bound to make some new friends.
Snowbowl is quite small – there are only three double-chairlifts, a rope tow, and a T bar that lead to 39 runs – but the longest run extends as far as three miles. Despite its diminutive size, the feel here is more quaint than restrictive. Locals adore Snowbowl, and you're likely to appreciate its charms as well.
8. Lookout Pass Ski & Recreation Area
Closest Airport: Missoula Montana Airport and Spokane Airport
Nearest City: Mullan, ID
Season Open/Close: Mid-November to Mid-April
Straddling the state line between Montana and Idaho is Lookout Pass. Though they only have four chairlifts, locals love lookout pass because it's so easy to reach: it's right off Interstate 90. In addition to their 34 runs, they have two freestyle terrain parks and a quarter pipe that's over a thousand feet long.
Keep in mind that season opening and closing dates can vary wildly for Lookout Pass. Their location makes them very susceptible to annual changes in snowfall, thus the season can sometimes be delayed as much as a month. Unless you live very nearby and can plan a last-minute trip, scheduling your ski vacation in the middle of the season will help you avoid any itinerary changes.
The 10 Best Ski Resorts in Montana
A Guide To Visiting Glacier National Park In Winter
Categories Activities, Montana
The 6 Best Resorts in Montana for Couples (Plus City Guide)
The 6 Most Expensive Homes in Montana


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Researchers Identify 273 Human Proteins That Play a Role in HIV Transmission, Progression
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have identified 273 human proteins that HIV uses to infect cells and reproduce, according to a study published Thursday in Science magazine, the New York Times reports. According to the Times , the study's findings could lead to the development of new HIV/AIDS therapies (McNeil, New York Times , 1/11).
For the study, Stephen Elledge, a Harvard geneticist, and colleagues used a relatively new technique called a "genome-wide scan," according to the Washington Post . The researchers scanned the 21,000 human genes that encode proteins and blocked each one individually to see whether the blocked protein affected HIV's ability to infect a cell. Of the 273 proteins identified, 36 -- including the CD4+ T cell and CCR5 receptors that HIV uses to attach to a cell's surface -- previously had been identified and linked to HIV. According to the Post , although it is likely that not all of the 273 proteins are necessary for HIV transmission and progression, most of them appear to be.
According to the study, the researchers found a group of proteins involved in allowing HIV to enter cells, as well as proteins involved in helping HIV's genetic material -- called RNA -- attach to a cell structure that then makes copies of the virus. In addition, the researchers identified proteins that help HIV enter a cell's nucleus, as well as proteins involved in a process called glycosylation, in which sugar molecules attach to the virus' outer surface. Without the glycosylation, HIV cannot infect human cells (Brown, Washington Post , 1/11). Additional research is necessary to determine what role each of the proteins play in the progression of HIV, the AP/Chicago Tribune reports ( AP/Chicago Tribune , 1/10).
The study "provides a very important class of leads for the synthesis" of new drugs to treat HIV/AIDS, according to David Baltimore, a biologist and HIV researcher at the California Institute of Technology who was not involved with the study (Lauerman, Bloomberg , 1/10). According to the Post , some available antiretroviral drugs -- including a newer class of medications first approved in 2003 and called "entry inhibitors" -- already block some of the proteins identified in the study. However, the study also identified proteins that have "been off the pharmaceutical radar screen," the Post reports ( Washington Post , 1/11).
According to the Times , if drugs are developed to block the proteins, HIV likely will not be able to mutate in a host. However, blocking the proteins in humans could be risky ( New York Times , 1/11). The researchers said they "anticipate" that it is unlikely HIV could develop resistance to drugs that target the proteins because the virus "would have to evolve a new capability, not simply mutate a drug-binding site" ( Reuters Health , 1/10). The study was funded by NIH, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America ( Bloomberg , 1/10).
According to the Post , the study "instantly" provides scientists with "dozens of new strategies for blocking or aborting HIV infection." Robert Gallo -- director of the Institute of Human Virology at the University of Maryland and co-discover of HIV who was not involved with the study -- said it is "likely destined to be one of the best papers on HIV for this coming decade." Anthony Fauci, director of NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said the study "puts on the table many, many more processes that up to this point were unrecognized" ( Washington Post , 1/11).
However, Fauci added that it "remains to be seen if any of these proteins" are "useful clinically." He added that the study is "hypothesis-generating, not hypothesis-solving. It creates a lot of work -- someone has to go down each of these pathways" ( New York Times , 1/11). Elledge said he hopes the study "leads to an acceleration of research for cures for AIDS," adding, "It seems like people are starting to forget about AIDS. It is still an incredibly important human health problem" ( Washington Post , 1/11).


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A Gentleman Named Jack
A look at the history…
I needed to brush up on my Jack Daniel's history, so before getting to the distillery, I called on Lynne Tolley, Great Grand Niece of Jack himself and related to 4 of the 7 master distillers, for some good old-fashioned folk lore. She runs Miss Mary Bobo's Boarding House in town, a landmark establishment for over 100 years. Frequented by revenue agents and traveling salesmen in the old days, it is a fully restored boarding house using all the rooms for serving traditional southern fare, family style, to its hungry patrons. Parts of the house date back to the 1820's. Miss Mary ran the house until she was 102 years old, which says something for the cooking, and Lynne says she plans on doing the same. If you have ever had the pleasure of meeting this attractive, charming, southern lady, you will agree that they won't need another innkeeper for a very long time. Don't miss the chance to dine here before or after your next visit to JD; it's as much a part of the history of the town as the distillery. As the conversation went on for an hour or so, I learned more and more…
Miss Mary Bobo's Boarding House established 1908. Renovated in 2006, parts of the building date back to the 1820's. It was frequented by US Revenue Agents, traveling salesmen and single school teachers in the old days
Jack Daniel was one of 13 children, born in or around 1850, nobody knows for sure due to the burning of the courthouse records and all. He was mentored by a Lutheran minister named Dan Call who taught him everything he knew about making whiskey. Mr. Call fell under increasing pressure from his ministry to concentrate his efforts on either religion or making whiskey. He chose religion and sold his still to Jack in 1863, who was 13 at the time. Thank God for that! Jack was taught and firmly believed in mellowing fresh whiskey through hard maple charcoal. He perfected this process in a few short years and it is still done at the distillery today giving Jack Daniel's its distinctive flavor.
In 1904 the short-statured (he was only 5'2" tall), handsome (known as a ladies man) distiller entered his prized Old No. 7 Tennessee sippin' whiskey into the World's Fair Competition in St. Louis, Missouri. Of all the whiskies entered, he left with the only World's Fair Gold Medal that made his the world's best whiskey! The rest, they say, is history.
The somewhat sad ending goes like this, and to hear Goose Baxter tell it, you would think you were there (Goose being a historian, and quite a character in his own right, showed me around the property). Mr. Jack always liked the safe to be already open whenever he arrived at work. One day in 1905 Jack arrived early and his assistant was running late so the safe was still locked. Jack struggled to open the safe. Unable to remember the combination, he kicked the safe with an angry blow that broke his toe. Infection set in and throughout the next six years he endured many operations to remove parts of his foot. He eventually died from blood poisoning in 1911 at the age of 61. You can find his grave in the Lynchburg town cemetery, just look for the large headstone between two chairs. It is said the chairs were placed there to comfort the many local ladies who came to mourn his passing.


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Looks as if Deep State planned that 'whistleblower' stink bomb all along
By Monica Showalter
Well, what a coincidence:
Just before the filing of the "whistleblower" report against President Trump, it turns out the Intelligence Community changed its own rules for filing to Congress to end any need for firsthand knowledge.
Boom. The report they wanted, claiming that President Trump had done something wrong in attempting to get to the bottom of Joe Biden's pocket-lining via his son, suddenly came out of the blue. The flypaper was laid out, and the first fly came.
According to Sean Davis at the Federalist:
Between May 2018 and August 2019, the intelligence community secretly eliminated a requirement that whistleblowers provide direct, first-hand knowledge of alleged wrongdoings. This raises questions about the intelligence community's behavior regarding the August submission of a whistleblower complaint against President Donald Trump. The new complaint document no longer requires potential whistleblowers who wish to have their concerns expedited to Congress to have direct, first-hand knowledge of the alleged wrongdoing that they are reporting.
The brand new version of the whistleblower complaint form, which was not made public until after the transcript of Trump's July 25 phone call with the Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky and the complaint addressed to Congress were made public, eliminates the first-hand knowledge requirement and allows employees to file whistleblower complaints even if they have zero direct knowledge of underlying evidence and only "heard about [wrongdoing] from others."
So some Trump-hating CIA Deep-Stater who nevertheless had his bureaucrat's priority of preserving his bloated pension got this amazing gift in this rules change, enabling him to twist all the things he may have heard around the office of the president he detested, wrap it in a ball, and file an anonymous complaint to topple the president. Better still, unlike Christine Blasey Ford, the accuser would be legally entitled to remain anonymous, free to cook up as many twisted calumnies based on hearsay as desired, getting no scrutiny of motives, paying no price. Zero-cost Trump-toppling, with full pension. Sound like an incentive?
One wonders if this person might just have had something to do with why this rules change happened, too.
Because the fact remains that the Deep State is still out there and plotting against President Trump. These people managed to pin him to the wall for two years on the phony cooked up Steele dossier, and very few of them were held accountable. Where's Steele's penalty for this phony farce? Where's Andrew McCabe's arrest warrant? None of these people paid. Now they don't even have to be in the vicinity of Trump to make their complaints — all they have to do is "hear" something and filter it through their biases. And if they are proven wrong, only Trump has to fight to defend himself; there's no penalty to them for lying or distorting secondhand information through their own biases.
This one is even worse because this so-called whistleblower is doing the whole thing under mask of anonymity, yet his partisan malevolence was known, as the whistleblower report noted.
Why is this rule still in place? If someone wants to be a whistleblower, fine. Have him come out and make their charges in daylight.
The system as it stands is a rigged system, a Petri dish for corruption as Deep-Staters plot ever new means of getting rid of Trump. With this Federalist report, it looks as though they planned it that way.
Image credit: Nick Youngson CC BY-SA 3.0 Alpha Stock Images


Senior attacker Sabrina Fusco Senior attacker Sabrina Fusco is scoring goals both on and off the lacrosse field. Photo courtesy of MU Athletics.
The Millersville women's lacrosse team continued its out of conference success with its fifth straight win. The Marauders defeated Shepherd 18-4 on Monday.
Senior attacker and team captain Sabrina Fusco stated that the team knew that win would set the precedence for the rest of the season.
Millersville scored seven unanswered goals after the early 1-0 deficit in the first half. Sophomore Sara Burney began the scoring barrage and scored two goals. Senior Callie Kavanaugh also scored twice.
The dominant performance allowed seniors Sabrina Fusco and Kristen Butzner achieve record milestones in the second half.
Fusco scored her 200th career goal and 250th career point as the Marauders took a (nine-to) lead. Butzner assisted the goal scored by Fusco. the assist allowed Kristin to earn her 100th career point.
Fusco stated that she is only successful because of the team and couldn't have done it without any of her teammates. She stated that the goals she scores or anyone else wouldn't be possible without all the grit work that is necessary to moving the ball in the goal.
"The goals that I have, having the opportunity to be better than my best so far, only happens because of the rest of my team and the grit that fight to keep," Fusco said.
As a captain, Fusco also mentioned that she is most concerned with having the opportunity to win with her team and the goal scoring just come with it.
"I'm excited to see how this program continues to evolve even after I graduate and see other girls setting each other up for success," she said. "It is cool to be a member of the 200 club and I am curious to see when someone else comes to join me!
The game then entered a 9-3 stalemate. Kavanaugh began Millersville second offensive charge. Freshman Genevieve Speights scored after winning the draw control nine seconds later. Speights then one another draw control and push the ball upwards. Kavanaugh scored again with an assist by junior Erin Fagan. Millersville scored three times in a 21-second span.
Kavanaugh finished a game with five goals, which led the team. Fusco came in second with four goals.
Fusco now has Millersville women's lacrosse program highs 252 career points in 202 career goals. she also has 50 goals on the season and is now on pace to break her record she set during her sophomore season.
The other milestone setter, Butner now has 101 career points. Incredibly, 69 of her points came this season alone. She is also second in the PSAC in assists with 47.
The women's lacrosse team is now 8-4 with the prevailing performance. Their next game is Saturday, April 14 on the road against number 22 Mercyhurst.


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'Mountain' opens theatrically May 11
Two thumbs up for 'Mountain.'
Only three centuries ago, setting out to climb a mountain would have been considered close to lunacy. Mountains were places of peril, not beauty, an upper world to be shunned, not sought out. Why do mountains now hold us spellbound, drawing us into their dominion, often at the cost of our lives? From Tibet to Australia, Alaska to Norway armed with drones, Go-Pros and helicopters, director Jennifer Peedom has fashioned an astonishing symphony of mountaineers, ice climbers, free soloists, heliskiers, snowboarders, wingsuiters and parachuting mountain bikers. Willem Dafoe provides a narration sampled from British mountaineer Robert Macfarlane's acclaimed memoir Mountains of the Mind , and a classical score from the Australian Chamber Orchestra accompanies this majestic cinematic experience.
Peedom is a BAFTA nominated director, well known for her gripping, intimate portraits of people in extreme circumstances. Her credits include the internationally renowned documentaries SHERPA, MIRACLE ON EVEREST, LIVING THE END and SOLO, which played in the Official Selection of major documentary festivals including IDFA and Sheffield and won numerous awards including an AFI for Best Documentary. In the case of SHERPA, Jen went to Mt. Everest during the 2014 climbing season to make a film from the point of view of the guides who help foreigners reach the summit. Tragedy struck while she was there when a huge block of ice crashed down and killed 16 Sherpas. SHERPA was the only documentary selected for Official Competition in the 2015 Sydney Film Festival before a successful run on the international festival circuit, including Telluride, Toronto and London. It was nominated for a BAFTA and won the Grierson Award for Best Documentary Feature at the BFI London Film Festival. It went on to becoming the third highest grossing Australian documentary in history. Renan Ozturk is recognized as one of the world's best professional climbers and as a cinematographer who gets extraordinary results when he pushes the art of filmmaking in extreme locations, including at high altitudes. He was the cinematographer on the BAFTA-nominated documentary SHERPA, which documented events before and after the most devastating tragedy on Mt. Everest - it happened during the 2014 climbing season, which left 16 Sherpas dead. Renan was also one of the cinematographers on and starred in MERU, which won the US Documentary Audience Award at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival. Renan was also heavily involved in the ski movie INTO THE MIND, which was released in 2012. Co-founder of the Camp4 Collective, a production company specifically launched to tell stories about adventure sports. He has been recognized by North Face - as one of their professional athletes - and was named National Geographic "Adventurer of the Year" in 2012. Macfarlane is seen as the influential inheritor of a tradition of writing about landscape, place, travel and nature. The film MOUNTAIN's philosophical perspective is developed from his book "Mountains of the Mind". The book won the Guardian First Book Award, the Somerset Maugham Award, and the Sunday Times Young Writer of the Year Award. It was shortlisted for the Boardman Tasker Prize for Mountain Literature and the John Llewellyn Rhys Prize. It is an account of the development of the Western attitudes to mountains and the precipitous landscapes.


Opposite to well-liked opinion, the cheap bathroom rework is totally attainable. Anyone who has difficulty getting in and out of the tub or standing for lengthy periods of time knows what a scary and daunting activity the straightforward act of bathing may be. Help make your rest room safer and promote the independence of your loved ones with these lovely benches and seize bars – specifically designed to enrich your rest room and decrease any "institutional" really feel.
Make arrangements to use another lavatory during the renovation if obligatory. If your idea for the bathroom would not fit exactly inside a sort of fashion like trendy or contemporary, you might need to rent knowledgeable craftsman to customized build accessories like the self-importance, countertop or mirror frame. Black tiles made this bathroom really feel cramped and means too dark.
With darkish wood cupboards and dull, colorless tiles, this visitor lavatory is anything but inviting. Because the paint color was too intense for the house, this toilet felt even smaller. The average cost of a bathroom remodel per sq. foot is $125. Rest room is long 9 toes lengthy slender-one side is bathtub and linen (drugs closet-nothing carried out to it) new cover placed on bathtub – vanity with marble kind prime, inlaid floor and separate shower redone.
Gray penny tiles that circulation fantastically from the bathe into the remainder of the beautiful toilet preserve the room from looking blocked off, making the house really feel far more open. Rest room remodels can get expensive rather rapidly. Bogs could be difficult to lay out, particularly after they're tight on area. My master toilet had only a bathroom and a sink plus it had carpet.
Bathroom designers are good at not simply the "fairly stuff" but at powering via tough logistical issues (door clearances, and so on.). Peruse gorgeous bogs from the pages of Architectural Digest and discover inspiration to your own tub renovation. Whether you are on the lookout for lavatory remodeling concepts or bathroom footage that will help you replace your previous one, begin with these inspiring concepts for master loos , guest loos, and powder rooms.


The Section for Employment, Social Affairs and Citizenship, which was responsible for preparing the Committee's work on the subject, adopted its opinion on 7 November 2006. The rapporteur was Ms Koller, and the co-rapporteur was Ms Gräfin zu Eulenburg.
At its 431st plenary session, held on 13 and 14 December 2006 (meeting of 13 December 2006), the European Economic and Social Committee adopted the following opinion by 127 votes to 9 with 17 abstentions.
The EESC urges the Commission to announce a Year of Volunteers, and to publish a White Paper on voluntary activity and active citizenship in Europe at the earliest opportunity. This could underline the relationship between these two phenomena and stress their scale and importance. As most voluntary activity takes place at local level, this White Paper should contribute to a strategy for strengthening the European dimension of voluntary activity, and promoting active European citizenship and the role of identification with Europe in the European integration process.
The governments of the Member States should be encouraged to frame national policies on voluntary activity and strategies ensuring that voluntary activity is encouraged and recognised. These national policies should also cover the role of infrastructure in facilitating voluntary activity. The EU can provide a framework and encourage greater exchange of best practice between Member States.
In all the Member States a legal framework must be drawn up to guarantee the right to carry out voluntary activity independently of an individual's legal or social status. There should be equal opportunities for all individuals engaging in voluntary activity, including people with disabilities. In some Member States the legal environment still impedes the development of voluntary activity and, as a result, makes it difficult to enlist stronger social support. Sometimes its development is restricted or even prevented by legal provisions such as prohibitions on activity. These restrictions should be examined and voluntary activity promoted by means of a legal framework which makes provision for insurance and the reimbursement of expenses.
In the EESC's view, apart from governments, other stakeholders such as parliaments, regional and local bodies, and civil society organisations should recognise the importance of voluntary activity and play an active role in promoting it, thus emphasising the role of voluntary activity and raising its social prestige.
In addition, the EESC would emphatically draw the Commission's attention to the decisive role of civil society organisations in organising voluntary activity.
At the same time, in the interests of preparing individuals for voluntary activity, the EESC feels that it would be useful to highlight the relationship between civil society and schools. In primary education, more attention must be paid to educational activities aimed at developing social awareness and involvement in solving social problems of general interest. For example, from the age of 15, as part of a 'social and environmental year', practical activities could be provided as an option for young people, to encourage them to carry out important and useful voluntary activities. Particular support should be given to NGOs enabling children to undertake their first voluntary activities.
In its efforts to promote the recognition of informal and non-formal learning, e.g. through the Europass and the recommendation on key competences, the EU should put particular emphasis on the recognition of competences acquired through voluntary activities. The implementation of Europass-Youth would help to enhance recognition of voluntary activities of young people.
The EESC therefore recommends that all the Member States and the EU itself design a policy on voluntary activity setting out a strategy and specific programmes to promote voluntary activity, with proposals for targeted support and for public awareness-raising, promoting partnership between civil society and business and promoting public recognition of the activities performed by volunteers. This could include a suitable legal framework to support voluntary activity. The EU can provide a framework and ideas, as well as promoting the exchange of best practice between Member States.
At European level we need reliable and comparable statistics on the scale, importance and socio-economic value of voluntary activity. This research should be based on a uniform definition of voluntary activity. It should address the needs and motivation of volunteers, as well as the reasons why some people do not wish to become involved in voluntary activity. Ways must be sought at European level of determining the contribution of voluntary activity to the national income and its effects on society. Eurostat could play a coordinating and initiating role here. All the statistical offices of the Member States of the EU should have statistics of this kind available.
The EESC recommends that EU funding, policies and programmes should do more to promote voluntary activity, and that an adequate infrastructure be put in place throughout Europe to support voluntary action. At present, one source of support for voluntary activity from the European Union comes in the form of the European Voluntary Service Programme (EVS), which has so far sent nearly 40 000 (18-25 year-olds) volunteers to 31 EU Member States and partner countries for periods of between six months and one year. At the same time, voluntary service in developing countries is funded from development aid. The EESC considers these sources insufficient and would like the European Union to adopt a more active, consistent and coherent approach to voluntary activity, making pan-European volunteer programmes available to all population groups rather than being restricted purely to long-term voluntary service by young people.
The EESC would also welcome a specific recommendation for the promotion of voluntary activity by senior citizens, for example with pilot actions for partnerships and exchange of experiences and which would be among the first initiatives to be launched.
Moreover, voluntary activity, as a contribution to European projects, should be recognised as equivalent to co-financing. Application forms for European projects must also be made simpler and less bureaucratic, so that voluntary organisations are able to take part in these projects.
Information needs to be disseminated more widely, as unfortunately it often fails to reach those concerned. All possible channels must be used to achieve this. A special website with information could be set up, accessible from all existing voluntary activity websites with a single mouseclick. European networks of volunteer organisations have an important role to play here. They can ensure that organisations exchange experience and best practice and that the needs and requirements of volunteers on the ground are passed on to the EU institutions. They must be promoted in a targeted way as part of the infrastructure for promoting voluntary activity.
The European Union can make an important contribution to promoting and ensuring the public recognition of voluntary activity by supporting the United Nations' International Volunteer Day on 5 December and celebrating and honouring voluntary activity on that day. The 2001 International Year of Volunteers showed how important effective government-supported publicity programmes can be. If a European Year of Volunteers was declared at European level, as proposed by the EESC, it would help to ensure support and recognition at European level for numerous local volunteer activities, besides giving volunteers a sense of European identity.
In order to give fuller recognition to the importance of volunteering for the development of Member States, the EESC recommends adopting a European-level charter establishing the role of voluntary organisations, including their rights and duties. In order to improve the economic situation of voluntary organisations in the Member States, the EESC recommends introducing a legal basis in Community law whereby such organisations would be exempted from VAT. The main purpose of enshrining the role, rights and duties of voluntary organisations in the proposed European charter is to create uniform guidelines for organisations which could be granted special legal status in conjunction with special economic and other rights.
Voluntary activity makes an invaluable contribution to society. In Europe more than 100 million volunteers devote their leisure time to a multitude of activities which benefit third parties and serve the common good. The work of civil society organisations, which is often performed exclusively or to a great extent by volunteers, is winning ever greater recognition from companies, government bodies and the public (1).
And yet the true value of voluntary activity goes far beyond the provision of services and the satisfaction of social needs. The motivation which underlies it, that is the desire to make a contribution on one's own initiative to the common good and to help shape society, promotes values such as altruism and solidarity and thus forms a counterweight to increasingly widespread isolation and egoism in modern societies.
Voluntary activity is inextricably linked with active citizenship, which is the cornerstone of democracy at local and European level. People take part in the life of society not only through political participation but also through the specific solution of social problems. By working for society they can translate a desire to help shape society into action. Individuals either sacrifice their leisure time, or engage in voluntary service for others and work for the common good, often at considerable risk to their financial well-being or health. It is this very form of European active citizenship which gives people a strong sense of belonging to society. Voluntary activity can therefore be regarded as one of the best examples of participation and thus an essential component of, or even a precondition for, active citizenship.
Voluntary activity also promotes personal development: the development of social awareness on the one hand and, on the other hand, the development of key competences and skills, making volunteers more employable and enhancing their active participation in society. In its various manifestations voluntary activity offers an opportunity for informal (2) and non-formal (3) learning and thus, alongside formal (4) learning, plays an essential part in achieving lifelong learning.
Voluntary activity also makes an essential contribution to our economies' output. This contribution is often overlooked in national statistics, as it does not always involve the exchange of goods of monetary value and because there is no single accepted method for measuring its economic value. Where it is measured, however, the economic value of voluntary activity and its contribution to the economy has proved considerable (5). For example, in the United Kingdom the economic value of voluntary activity is estimated at 7.9 % of GDP, with 38 % of total population engaged in voluntary activity. In Ireland and Germany more than 33 % of the population are involved in voluntary activity in one form or another, compared to 18 % in Poland.
In addition, transnational voluntary service at European and international level can substantially increase solidarity and mutual understanding among peoples, and promotes intercultural dialogue. In this context the EESC welcomes the Commission's intention to extend the European Voluntary Service, making it more visible and more effective.
Solidarity and a sense of responsibility for others, together with the urge for individuals to feel useful, are essential sources of motivation for voluntary activity. It creates social links, contributes to social cohesion and promotes quality of life and social progress in Europe. It thus encapsulates the values of European integration, as set out in Article 2 of the EC Treaty and Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union. Moreover, voluntary activity is an essential expression of participatory democracy, which is recognised in the European Constitutional Treaty as a component of the democratic life of the EU. Volunteers and voluntary activity are both in the public interest. Voluntary activity should be given due recognition in all the Member States of the European Union.
The EESC has already touched on the subject of voluntary activity in its opinion on 'Hospice work — an example of voluntary activities in Europe', adopted in 2002 (rapporteur: Ms Gräfin zu Eulenburg).
Voluntary activity has also been mentioned in other contexts in the EESC's work, but no opinions have yet been drawn up specifically on the subject (6).
Within the EU the contribution of voluntary activity is being increasingly recognised in the social, cultural and environmental areas and voluntary organisations are being involved to a greater extent in political and other decision-making processes, for example in the fields of lifelong learning, health and consumer protection, development, trade, etc. The EESC welcomes these initiatives, although it feels that not nearly enough has been done so far.
The EESC is pleased that voluntary activities by young people have been set as a priority of the policy process launched by the Commission in 2001 and as part of the open method of coordination. On the basis of the progress already achieved in the Youth sector, the Commission is encouraged to take the development of voluntary activities further by addressing horizontal aspects within a holistic approach.
An international precedent was set by the proclamation of 2001 as the Year of Volunteers by the United Nations, thus helping to focus public opinion on voluntary activity, and providing renewed encouragement for people to volunteer and showing how government can recognise, support and promote it. At the initiative of the UN, 5 December of each year is International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development. It would be good if the EU were also to raise public awareness in Europe of this important event.
However, we feel that all in all both the European Commission and national governments should take a greater interest in voluntary activity. This is one of the reasons why the EESC welcomes Commissioner Wallström's request for the Committee to draw up an opinion on this important subject.
Voluntary activity is an act carried out on an individual's own initiative and of his own free will. It cannot in any way be obligatory. This ensures the volunteer's commitment to and identification with the activity.
Voluntary activity is unpaid and is not undertaken for financial gain; expenses incurred by the volunteer may however be reimbursed.
The aim of voluntary activity is to work for people outside one's own family or for other social groups and thus to be useful to society as a whole (although voluntary activity is undoubtedly of great value for the personal development of the volunteer).
There is some disagreement as to whether only regular activities fall within the definition: does the definition, for example, also include assistance to neighbours or the time banks which have been developing in recent years, or can voluntary activity only take place in a formal, structured way? Nevertheless, fulfilling the above-mentioned three basic criteria is an essential condition for any activity to qualify as voluntary, whether it takes the form of voluntary activity for the local community or organised voluntary service. In general it can be said that a broad definition is most appropriate to the various manifestations of voluntary activity.
participation by citizens in actively shaping communities.
Voluntary activity takes on diverse forms; this very diversity makes it difficult to categorise. The most diverse social groups are involved in voluntary activity, although the scale of their involvement varies from one EU Member State to another: the proportion of volunteers active in each area and their profile (age, background, level of education etc.) varies greatly from one country to another.
In addition to formal activities carried out under the auspices of a specific organisation there is also informal work and also types of voluntary activity which remain hidden (e.g. in many cases voluntary activity by migrants).
Citizens in various 'honorary' posts who are involved in political and scientific activities, or in managing or operating smaller associations or sports clubs.
Voluntary activities can also be categorised according to field of activity, such as sport, culture, social work, health, education, youth, environmental protection, disaster relief, politics, consumer protection, development cooperation, etc.
Voluntary activities are all kinds of voluntary engagement. They are characterised by the following aspects: open to all, unpaid, undertaken by own free will, educational (non-formal learning aspect) and added social value.
Voluntary service is part of voluntary activities and is characterised by the following additional aspects: fixed period; clear objectives, contents, tasks, structure and framework; appropriate support and legal and social protection.
Civic service is a voluntary service managed by the State- or on behalf of the State e.g. in the social field or in civil protection.
Civilian service is an alternative to compulsory military service in some countries, but not voluntary (7).
A clear distinction can be made between two kinds of volunteering: (i) one which, as defined by the UN and the ILO, involves working for a not-for-profit organisation for pay which is often below the going rate and (ii) the other which is unpaid but during which expenses are reimbursed. Moves to clarify the legal status of these activities should take account of this distinction in order to simplify the situation for volunteers as well as for students on compulsory placement at NGOs.
Voluntary work as defined by the ILO and UN agencies is work carried out in not-for-profit organisations, i.e. charitable associations or humanitarian or non-profit-making non-governmental organisations by 'voluntary' workers who usually receive remuneration in the form of a salary. They are salaried employees, the voluntary nature of their work being defined by the fact that their wages are often below market rate; this is what defines and constitutes its voluntary element and nature. For example, a logistician working for an emergency humanitarian organisation, or a lawyer working for a refugees' rights association will be a salaried employee, but with a different (i.e. lower) salary than he could expect in the world of business (e.g. transport or legal consultancies).
Calls are often made for the European Voluntary Service programme (EVS) to be expanded and enhanced. This is a service that puts young people at the disposal of associations or NGOs in return for some form of compensation and expenses (board and lodging) and includes an allowance, as with traineeships. It provides a way of making young people available, as part of their higher education courses (a traineeship abroad is required for almost all courses with an international or European dimension) to these associations and NGOs.
Involving young people in humanitarian or general interest projects by paying a fixed allowance is a source of mutual enrichment. While it is legitimate to clarify the legal status of the allowance, there must be no confusing charity and voluntary work.
This opinion does not discuss paid voluntary work within the meaning of the ILO and UN definition, such as activity by Médecins Sans Frontières.
In recent years there has been further diversification of the forms of voluntary activity and the reasons for undertaking it, arising from new social values and developments. The interest in and demand for voluntary activity is growing, but improvements in financial and budgetary resources, infrastructure and recognition have not kept pace with this growth.
For volunteers the benefits of voluntary activity include meaningful use of leisure time, developing social skills and making contacts, as well as acquiring and exchanging experience. The acquisition of knowledge or of a better understanding of one's own character and abilities are becoming increasingly characteristic of volunteer activity by young people, not least in order to meet the requirements of the knowledge-based society. The opportunity to learn a foreign language and about other cultures by doing voluntary service abroad is another factor influencing the decision to become a volunteer. In the context of European integration this promotes mutual understanding between cultures. Cross-border voluntary projects such as volunteer fairs in Euregios could be of great importance in relation to the development of European citizenship.
Civil society organisations and volunteer centres will recruit volunteers more easily if they take account of new realities in our society, examples being changes in youth culture, greater use of the Internet and opportunities for volunteering online. They also need to be aware of new ways of contacting young people e.g. via text messages, and to offer short-term voluntary activity as an initial step for young people. Besides this, they should pay attention to new forms of leisure behaviour and the time available to interested members of public, and to new target groups such as migrants, the long-term unemployed or the increasing number of pensioners who wish to become involved.
In summary, voluntary activity is a horizontal phenomenon which affects many policy areas in society and which involves a large section of the population. However, it may be noted that few volunteers come from disadvantaged backgrounds or socially marginalised groups.
Most international literature on the subject tends to analyse the role of voluntary activity based on its contribution to social or economic life. As already pointed out, its derives its essential value from its contribution to active citizenship, and its effects are often difficult to quantify: social commitment, feeling of belonging, identification with society, solidarity, feeling of responsibility for society and the promotion of social cohesion are all difficult to measure.
A suitable approach, illustrated in research work on civil society (e.g. Putnam, 2000) (8), is 'social capital', to which voluntary activity makes a significant contribution. Social networks, contacts, values and public attitudes as well as mutual trust are of great importance for the social (and economic) development of regions. If in a particular area there are many civil society organisations and volunteers, other economic and social indicators also tend to be positive. Voluntary activity significantly increases the social capital of a society, as it creates social networks and links.
To the generally used quantitative indicators for a country's development (essential economic indicators like economic growth and financial balance) new, alternative indicators need to be added, which measure social capital and social cohesion as well as the contribution of voluntary activity. The economic value of voluntary activity should also be quantified, as proposed by the United Nations in its Handbook on Non-Profit Institutions in the System of National Accounts.
This is also in line with the emphasis on sustainable development, which strives for a global system in which environmental sustainability, solidarity and democracy are promoted alongside economic success. It is also in line with the objectives of the Lisbon strategy, under which the three areas of the economy, social questions and the environment are considered inseparable in the overriding context of sustainable development and which sets out to exploit synergies between these areas more effectively. Volunteers make an essential contribution in all these areas: promotion of social cohesion, environmental activities as well as the reintegration of (long-term) unemployed into the job market, and this needs to be measured.
The Youth Pact adopted by the European Council in 2005 as part of the renewed Lisbon strategy, also calls on young people to become involved in voluntary activity (9).
International studies and experience suggest that voluntary activity could be promoted in an even more effective and targeted way in the various areas.
For example, a start can be made during children's education, socialisation and upbringing on ensuring that they eventually become active members of their communities. A special, inspiring role is played in this process by organisations carrying out social programmes, whose members are mostly children and young people.
Volunteering can play a special role in combating youth and long-term unemployment, as well as generally in relation to entering the labour force.
Volunteers can accumulate important experience and knowledge which is in demand in the labour market and build up a network of contacts. Apart from activities in the social sphere and in health care, which are traditional areas for voluntary activity, volunteers can also acquire key competences and knowledge in areas like publicity, communications, self-expression, social skills, management and vocational training.
They have the opportunity to try out various social roles, to learn to make the right decisions, to solve problems, to assimilate a work culture and to demonstrate their sense of justice and leadership qualities. Voluntary activity can form an important part of a person's CV and career. Voluntary activities are thus an important instrument of non-formal and informal learning that complement formal learning, education and training. They may also enhance employability, particularly of young people.
In relation to active ageing voluntary activity is of twofold importance. On the one hand it enables older people to continue to be involved in the life of society, to make use of their life experience and to continue to feel useful. This has a positive effect on their health and quality of life. Secondly, voluntary activity can promote understanding between generations when young and old act together, exchange experience and support each other.
Voluntary activity can give various marginalised population groups an opportunity for involvement and integration, either because volunteers are working for them or because through their own commitment they are brought back to the centre of society. This kind of empowerment through voluntary activity is particularly important for socially marginalised population groups and migrants. Unfortunately, in some countries the law is holding this process back; for example, in some Member States immigrants cannot become volunteers.
The importance of various self-help groups should also be mentioned. The main characteristic of such groups is that people with similar problems in a wide range of areas come together and share experiences to help one another.
Companies and employers also play a role in promoting voluntary activity. On the one hand their employees and skilled workers can acquire social skills and increase their creativity and work motivation through voluntary activity outside the company and as a result feel more committed to their company. On the other hand, companies are increasingly aware of their social responsibility: mutually beneficial partnerships between volunteer organisations, local and national government and companies help to mobilise skills locally and to harness these in shaping the community. Social dialogue, mutual learning, and joint agreements can contribute to greater recognition and support for voluntary activity, which is part of social responsibility.
The EESC is concerned that, as a result of the lack of a legal definition or basis for voluntary activity in many Member States, volunteer organisations and voluntary activities are often denied public recognition. Sometimes potential is not recognised, where for example voluntary activity is not taken into account in the framework of measures for the integration of young people, the unemployed or migrants. Moreover, volunteers are often in a very difficult position, for example in terms of taxation, social security or insurance. It is vital to push for legislation to clarify the legal status of volunteers and to give every citizen the right to engage in voluntary activity. Furthermore, the EESC calls on the Member States to eliminate labour law shortcomings which prevent the use of volunteers to carry out important work in the public interest, especially in the event of disasters. All too often employees are still dependent on the goodwill of their employer, for instance to give them time off work.
The EESC recommends that the relationship between, and tasks of, government, business and volunteer organisations be clearly defined. Voluntary activity certainly plays an important role in our societies, but it is not intended to provide basic social services or replace government action. The aim of policy must be to promote voluntary activity as such, not to institutionalise it, as it would then lose its raison d'être and its special value as the outcome of free choice.
The EESC nonetheless believes that the government has the task of providing the necessary infrastructure for voluntary activity. Voluntary activity may be unpaid but it is not free, as it does entail costs. Experience in a number of European countries also shows that specific infrastructure for voluntary activity significantly increases its scale and quality. Supporting and advising volunteer organisations and motivating volunteers, training them and providing them with support and backup, as well as reimbursing their expenses, all cost money — but are very worthwhile investments. The State has an active role to play, in planning national strategy and raising public awareness, as well as in coordination. To enable a better understanding of voluntary activity, the State should provide funding for studies, and there should also be a strong emphasis on bringing the volunteer ethos into education.
At the same time all the players involved (government, business, trade unions and volunteer organisations) must work together if voluntary activity is to be promoted and encouraged and its recognition in society enhanced. Effective networking between volunteer organisations for the exchange of best practice and the pooling of resources is essential here, as is dialogue and cooperation between the various sectors.
(1) The EUYOUPART 2003-2005 study, financed by the European Commission, on the social involvement of young people shows, for example, that in all eight participating European countries young people trust civil society organisations more than government bodies.
(2) informal learning: Learning resulting from daily life activities related to work, family or leisure. It is not structured (in terms of learning objectives, learning time or learning support) and typically does not lead to certification. Informal learning may be intentional but in most cases it is non-intentional (or 'incidental'/random).
(3) non-formal learning: Learning that is not provided by an education or training institution and typically does not lead to certification. It is, however, structured (in terms of learning objectives, learning time or learning support). Non-formal learning is intentional from the learner's perspective.
(4) formal learning: Learning typically provided by an education or training institution, structured (in terms of learning objectives, learning time or learning support) and leading to certification. Formal learning is intentional from the learner's perspective. Source: COM(2001) 678.
EESC opinion on the Active citizenship action programme, rapporteur: Mr Le Scornet (OJ C 28, 3.2.2006, pp.29-34).
(8) Robert D. Putnam (2000): Bowling Alone — The Collapse and Revival of American Community. Simon and Schuster. New York.
(9) The European Youth Pact was adopted by the Spring 2005 European Council as part of the revised Lisbon Strategy and aims at improving education, training, mobility, vocational training and social inclusion of young people while facilitating the reconciliation of working life and family life. In this context the European Council called on the Union and the Member States to encourage the mobility of young people by removing obstacles for trainees, volunteers as well as workers and for their families. Annex 1 of Presidency Conclusions of the European Council, Brussels, 22-23 March 2005 (7619/05).
This is an extremely important opinion, as it is one of the few EESC opinions to discuss volunteering so comprehensively. The definitions and examples included in the opinion are important, because future opinions of this type will make use of them when distinguishing between voluntary activity and social services.
The purpose of this amendment is to delete the definitions used by the UN and the ILO. I do not feel there is any reason for the EESC to refer to these definitions in its opinion, as the Commission proposal on which the opinion is based only concerns volunteering in its purest form, i.e. voluntary activity for which the volunteer does not receive any remuneration.
Adoption of my amendment at the plenary session would make the opinion clearer and avoid unnecessary confusion on the part of the reader; it would also make the opinion more concise.


Skethar are a form of sornazal, or shadow demon, a denizen of the Spirit World with powers of illusion and deception. They are quick, agile, and deft at hiding using their chameleon like abilities to camouflage themselves appearing as something they are not.
32mm white metal miniature sculpted by Drew Williams.


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Hilary of Chichester
Wed, 2018-Jul-04 00:52 UTC
Length - 2:19
Welcome to featured Wiki of the Day where we read the summary of the featured Wikipedia article every day.
The featured article for Wednesday, 4 July 2018 is Hilary of Chichester.
Hilary (c. 1110–1169) was a medieval Bishop of Chichester in England. English by birth, he studied canon law and worked in Rome as a papal clerk. During his time there, he became acquainted with a number of ecclesiastics, including the future Pope Adrian IV, and the medieval writer John of Salisbury. In England, he served as a clerk for Henry of Blois, who was the Bishop of Winchester and brother of King Stephen of England. After Hilary's unsuccessful nomination to become Archbishop of York, Pope Eugene III compensated him by promoting him to the bishopric of Chichester in 1147.
Hilary spent many years in a struggle with Battle Abbey, attempting to assert his right as bishop to oversee the abbey. He also clashed with Thomas Becket, then chancellor to King Henry II of England, later Archbishop of Canterbury; Hilary supported King Henry II's position in the conflict with Becket. Henry appointed Hilary as sheriff and employed him as a judge in the royal courts. The papacy also used Hilary as a judge-delegate, to hear cases referred back to England. Known for supporting his clergy and as a canon lawyer, or someone trained in ecclesiastical law, Hilary worked to have Edward the Confessor, a former English king, canonised as a saint.
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Trudeau warns Canada's hospitals could be swamped, Toronto to enter COVID-19 lockdown
By David Ljunggren and Julie Gordon
Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau attends a news conference in Ottawa
OTTAWA (Reuters) – Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said on Friday that Canada's hospital system could be overwhelmed by a possible quadrupling of new COVID-19 cases by year end as its biggest city Toronto prepared to impose a lockdown.
Trudeau implored Canadians to stay home as much as possible as a second wave of the novel coronavirus rips across the country, forcing several of the 10 provinces to reimpose curbs on movement and businesses. Cases continue to spike and authorities complain some people are being more careless about taking precautions.
"A normal Christmas is quite frankly right out of the question," Trudeau said. Earlier, Chief Public Health Officer Theresa Tam said in the worst case scenario, a spike to 60,000 daily cases, would occur if people became more sociable. Even if current restrictions on gatherings are maintained, new daily cases will jump to over 20,000 by Dec. 31 compared with less than 5,000 now.
"Cases across the country are spiking massively … we're really at risk of seeing case loads go up and hospitals get overwhelmed," said a clearly upset Trudeau.
He dismissed the idea of Ottawa invoking emergency powers to reintroduce the kind of widespread national shutdown that provinces imposed earlier in the year, saying "I'm not looking to bring in a federal hammer to try and do things."
However, Ontario Premier Doug Ford announced on Friday that Toronto – Canada's most populous city and the heart of the financial system – as well as the nearby region of Peel would enter into lockdown on Monday.
The lockdown measures ban all indoor social gatherings. Restaurants are allowed to offer exclusively takeout and delivery, and most retail stores are permitted curbside pickup only for a minimum of 28 days, according to a government release.
"The situation is extremely serious and further action is required to avoid the worst case scenario," Ford said at a press briefing.
Officials predict that by Nov. 30 the total death toll could be between 11,870 and 12,120, with the total cases between 366,500 and 378,600. Canada has recorded a total of 315,751 cases and 11,265 deaths so far.
Separately on Friday, a federal official said Canada expects to receive six million doses of Pfizer and Moderna's COVID-19 vaccines by March 31, 2021, though when the shots can be used will depend on regulatory approval.
Iain Stewart, president of the Public Health Agency of Canada, told a parliamentary committee that because the vaccines were new, manufacturers need to scale up to meet the overall demand.
"All countries are interested in the very first vaccines, and the companies are trying to distribute out to multiple countries at the same time, so the amounts start out small and then they build over the course of the coming year," he said.
(Reporting by David Ljunggren and Julie Gordon in Ottawa; Additional reporting by Allison Martell in Toronto and Moira Wharburton; Editing by Chizu Nomiyama, Marguerita Choy and Grant McCool)
Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau attends a news conference in Ottawa
COVID-19 reinfection unlikely for at least six months, study finds
25 years after peace deal, Bosnia endures division and stagnation
EU says Brexit deal still 'metres from the finish line'


times for the voter ID card. in all my ID card my name is wrong.
name correctly in the form, even though i am getting it wrongly.
what can i do now .. tel me sir..
i was passed 12th in 2007 ... my roll number is 0054555 name uma yadav ...pls check and send my 12th marksheet .. i was didnt get my marksheet ... pls help me i m alone in family.. my father is ill he is not able to work he is parsialy disable ... my elder bro is dead in accident .. so all the libilty is on my solder .. pls sir kindly help to send my marksheet.. i got govt job on my father replace .. pls need ur help i dont have any support ... send the scan copy on my id [email protected] my no. is [protected]..
Please find my attachment.This my Intermidiat marksheet my roll number passsd 1982.
I need my original marksheet and certificate how I can found .
I am Ajay Kumar Yadav S/O BishwanaTh Yadav present serving in Indian army as a Medical assistant.When i was enrollment Than high school.but today everybody join 12Th pass so i would like That ple verify my 12Th certificate That i interred own serving document 12Th certificate.I have been already forwarded 2 time application but till date not any information in your office ple ensure my above request.
sir i have submitted my original 12 class marksheet to my engineering college during counselling and second xerox copy of my 12 marksheet i am not getting .
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