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Death at no cost? Persons with no health insurance claims in the last year of life in Switzerland
Radoslaw Panczak1Email authorView ORCID ID profile,
Viktor von Wyl2,
Oliver Reich3, 4,
Xhyljeta Luta1,
Maud Maessen1, 5,
Andreas E. Stuck6,
Claudia Berlin1,
Kurt Schmidlin1,
David C. Goodman1, 7,
Matthias Egger1,
Kerri Clough-Gorr1, 8 and
Marcel Zwahlen1
BMC Health Services ResearchBMC series – open, inclusive and trusted201818:178
Received: 26 October 2016
Lack of health insurance claims (HIC) in the last year of life might indicate suboptimal end-of-life care, but reasons for no HIC are not fully understood because information on causes of death is often missing. We investigated association of no HIC with characteristics of individuals and their place of residence.
We analysed HIC of persons who died between 2008 and 2010, which were obtained from six providers of mandatory Swiss health insurance. We probabilistically linked these persons to death certificates to get cause of death information and analysed data using sex-stratified, multivariable logistic regression. Supplementary analyses looked at selected subgroups of persons according to the primary cause of death.
The study population included 113,277 persons (46% males). Among these persons, 1199 (proportion 0.022, 95% CI: 0.021–0.024) males and 803 (0.013, 95% CI: 0.012–0.014) females had no HIC during the last year of life. We found sociodemographic and health differentials in the lack of HIC at the last year of life among these 2002 persons. The likelihood of having no HIC decreased steeply with older age. Those who died of cancer were more likely to have HIC (adjusted odds ratio for males 0.17, 95% CI: 0.13–0.22; females 0.19, 95% CI: 0.12–0.28) whereas those dying of mental and behavioural disorders (AOR males 1.83, 95% CI:1.42–2.37; females 1.65, 95% CI: 1.27–2.14), and males dying of suicide (AOR 2.15, 95% CI: 1.72–2.69) and accidents (AOR 2.41, 95% CI: 1.96–2.97) were more likely to have none. Single, widowed, and divorced persons also were more likely to have no HIC (AORs in range of 1.29–1.80). There was little or no association between the lack of HIC and characteristics of region of residence. Patterns of no HIC differed across main causes of death. Associations with age and civil status differed in particular for persons who died of cancer, suicide, accidents and assaults, and mental and behavioural disorders.
Particular groups might be more likely to not seek care or not report health insurance costs to insurers. Researchers should be aware of this aspect of health insurance data and account for persons who lack HIC.
Delivery of health care
Health insurance claims (HIC) offer cost-effective research potential for studying large populations to track determinants and variations in the use of healthcare [1, 2]. HIC are particularly important in Switzerland, where population-wide data about healthcare use, particularly relating to cost and end-of-life (EOL) care, are scarce or fragmented [3]. Swiss HIC data inform aspects of healthcare delivery such as EOL cost trajectories [4], the burden of schizophrenia [5], and potentially inappropriate medications [6], just to name a few. Yet despite its strengths, HIC data lack information that otherwise could improve their usefulness in health services research. Information that is important in, for example, EOL studies, on cause of death, is often not readily available [7].
Swiss residents enjoy one of the best performing healthcare systems and have one of the highest life expectancies in the world. At the same time, this system is characterized by high costs and complexity that make it difficult to manage and change. With large choice and wide supply of services, individuals might find it hard to find optimal solutions [8]. Similarly, high spending might not necessarily mean high quality; in 2010 the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Switzerland 30th out of 40 in quality of end-of-life care [9].
Healthcare expenditures tend to rise, often sharply, near the end of life [4, 10]. Studies often use development of cost over a certain period or aggregate overall cost within a certain period prior to death [11]. With advances in healthcare in general, and the growing intensity of EOL care in particular, these costs tend to be substantial. However, some small proportion of persons die with either no healthcare use at all, or at least no HIC. Lack of HIC in the last year of life might indicate suboptimal EOL care, but the reasons for no HIC are not fully understood. We therefore investigated associations between the lack of end-of-life health insurance claims and characteristics of individuals and where they live.
Study design & data sources
This study used routinely collected Swiss HIC data in a retrospective, secondary analysis of data that are described in detail elsewhere [12]. To summarize, data from six of the 10 largest insurers operating in the Swiss market were pooled and used to track healthcare use over the last year of life of adults who died between 2008 and 2010 [13]. The insurance providers delivered data on sex, date of birth, date of death, place of residence (community or postcode), and complete records of HIC of policyholders. Based on the communities in which they resided, we deterministically linked data on level of urbanization, language region, and neighbourhood socioeconomic status.
Using dates of birth and death, sex, and place of residence, we probabilistically linked the insured persons file to the death certificates in the Swiss Federal Statistical Office's database (see [12] for details on linkage procedure and results). In addition to causes of death, this data linkage also provided information about civil status and nationality.
Basic health insurance, which covers all services related to illness and pregnancy deemed medically necessary and cost-appropriate, is mandatory for and offered to all Swiss residents with no prior checks or restrictions [14]. Eighty-one private insurers (at the time closest to the end of the study period, 10 August 2011) offered the mandatory basic insurance package. Insurers vary greatly in size and coverage from the 858,005 insured by CSS (which provided data for this study) to 170 persons insured by Krankenkasse Zeneggen [13]. The mean number of those insured by all providers is 96,045 (standard deviation 167,746).
Residents choose a deductible in a range of 300–2500 Swiss Francs (1 CHF = 0.85 Euro = 1.01 US$, as of 25 December 2017); higher deductibles and managed care plans lower the cost of premiums. Social assistance subsidizes premiums for low-income persons. Hospital claims are delivered directly to insurers, whereas a majority of other services is paid by individuals and later reimbursed by insurers after deductibles have been met. Individuals can voluntarily supplement the basic insurance package with private insurance to add further provider and treatment choices (e.g., complementary medicine, dental care) and cover additional benefits (e.g., a private room during a hospital stay). A separate mandatory insurance system covers HIC that are accident related [4, 7, 8, 12, 15].
We hypothesized that having no health insurance claims in the last year of life may occur in two main ways: either a person used no healthcare, or healthcare was delivered but no HIC were filed (Fig. 1). In the first case, a person could have died having had no need of healthcare, having had all healthcare needs met by the family, having refused treatment, having been incapable of finding or paying for healthcare, having been undertreated, or a person could have died suddenly with no possibility of medical care. In the second case, care was in fact delivered but for one reason or another information on its cost never reached the insurer. This could happen, for example, in situations in which healthcare was paid entirely out-of-pocket or by supplemental healthcare insurance, the cost of care did not reach the level of the relevant deductible and information about that cost did not reach the insurer, or a patient or caregiver was not willing or capable of handling the HIC documents.
Pathways of healthcare needs and healthcare utilization leading to existence or lack of health insurance claims. Boxes with solid-line boundaries represent observed events; dashed-line boundaries, unobserved, potential events shaping (lack of) utilization
Guided by previous work [12], we stratified analyses by sex. In the last year of life, the absence of reimbursed HIC as opposed to having some HIC was a binary outcome of the analyses. We calculated frequencies of persons with and without HIC and proportions of persons without HIC across covariates. We used logistic regression with robust standard errors that adjusted for clustering of decedents within regions of residence [16]. Multivariable models included age in 5-year bands, nationality (Swiss or foreigner, including unknown), and civil status (single, married, widowed, divorced), and cause of death, which was coded according to the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10): cardiovascular diseases (CVD, all I codes), cancer (all C codes), mental and behavioural disorders (all F codes), diseases of the nervous system (all G codes), respiratory diseases (all J codes), diseases of the digestive system (all K codes) accidents and assaults (all V, all W and X00-X59, X85-X99, Y00-Y09, Y85-Y86 codes), suicide (X60-X84 codes), and other (remaining codes). Characteristics of regions of residence included level of urbanization (urban, periurban, rural), language region (German, French, Italian) and quintiles of median area-based socioeconomic position (Swiss-SEP) index [17]. We conducted supplementary analyses by main causes of death to explore whether the associations differed across these strata. These analyses further aggregated age categories in order to have a sufficient number of events across groups.
The probabilistic linkage to the death certificate database had a 95.6% success rate; unlinked individuals were similar to the linked ones and were excluded. The study population consisted of 113,277 persons (Table 1) who comprised 61.3% of those who died in Switzerland between 2008 and 2010. The sex, age, nationality, civil status, level of urbanization, language region, Swiss-SEP and, most importantly, cause of death distributions were almost identical to overall mortality in that time period [12].
Study population. Distribution of persons with and without health insurance claims and proportion (and 95% confidence interval) across analysed variables. Attribution of causes of death follows ICD-10 coding
HIC exist
No HIC
Proportion no HIC (95% CI)
Col %
0.194 (0.151–0.238)
Civil status
Mental & behavioural disorders
Urbanicity
Peri-urban
Language region
Swiss-SEP quintile
1st (lowest)
5th (highest)
Abbreviations: Col, column; HIC, health insurance claims; CI, confidence interval; Mental & behav., mental and behavioural disorders; Swiss-SEP, Swiss neighbourhood index of socioeconomic position [13]
One thousand one hundred ninety nine males (0.022, 95% confidence interval: 0.021–0.024) and 803 females (0.013, 95% CI: 0.012–0.014) did not have any reimbursed HIC in the last year of life. The proportion of persons with no HIC decreased sharply with age, particularly among males; for example, 0.194 (95% CI: 0.151–0.238) of men who were 19–25 at death had no claim, as opposed to approximately 0.010 (95% CI: 0.007–0.013) of those 76 and older (Fig. 2, left panel). More males dying of accidents and assaults (0.095, 95% CI: 0.083–0.107) and suicide (0.118, 95% CI: 0.101–0.135) had no HIC, whereas the proportion of persons who died of cancer and had no HIC was low (0.005, 95% CI: 0.004–0.006 for men; 0. 004, 95% CI: 0.003–0.005 for women). Slightly more foreign, single, or divorced males had no HIC.
Proportions (left panel) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR, right panel) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) of lack of health insurance claims. AORs from sex-stratified, multivariable logistic models with robust standard errors. Lack of CI in the left panel indicates very narrow CI. Lack of CI in the right panel indicates reference category (for instance CVD). Dashed lines in the left panel represent sex-specific means. Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular diseases; Mental & behave., Mental and behavioural disorders; Nat., nationality; Civ., civil status at the time of death; Urb., level of urbanization; Lan., language region; SSEP, Swiss neighbourhood index of socioeconomic position [13] (in quintiles). Attribution of causes of death follows ICD-10 coding
A strong, negative age gradient remained in the multivariable logistic regression model (Fig. 2, right panel; see Additional file 1 for exact estimates of AOR); the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for the youngest males was 2.63 (95% CI: 1.79–3.86, compared to persons 61–65 years old), whereas for the oldest it was 0.24 (95% CI: 0.17–0.35). In comparison to persons dying from CVD, cancer patients were unlikely to have no HIC (AOR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.13–0.22 for males; 0.19, 95% CI: 0.12–0.28 for females) with weaker effects for young males dying of respiratory and digestive organs diseases. On the other hand, males dying from accidents or assaults (AOR 2.41 95% CI: 1.96–2.97) or suicide (AOR 2.15 95% CI: 1.72–2.69) had higher probability of not having any HIC. For both sexes, those who died of mental and behavioural disorders as well as single, widowed, and divorced persons were more likely to have no HIC. There was little or no association with place of residence apart from a lowered AOR for females in the Italian speaking part of Switzerland.
We found different patterns of association across selected main causes of death among those having no HIC [see Additional file 2]. Persons who died of CVD resembled the overall findings. Persons who died of accidents and assaults showed an association mainly with age. Associations with age and civil status varied the most. For example, no association with age was observed among either persons who died of cancer or females who died of mental and behavioural disorders and suicide. Neither did civil status play a role for males who died of mental and behavioural disorders and suicide.
Principal findings
We found demographic, health, and socioeconomic differentials in the lack of health insurance claims, and possibly costs, in the last year of life. Several groups of patients identified by sex, age, civil status, and cause of death had a higher probability of not having HIC. Region of residence had little effect, and associations with age and civil status varied for certain causes of death.
This is the first study to the authors' knowledge to have looked at the lack of mandatory health insurance (MHI) reimbursed healthcare in the last year of life. We used a large, diverse, and representative database of HIC augmented by probabilistic linkage to a database of causes of death and regional characteristics [12]. MHI covers the entire range of providers, including hospital and ambulatory care, medication, and nursing home medical costs.
Relation to other studies
Unsurprisingly, patterns identified in this study reflect other findings on overall cost of care [12]. For example, persons who died of cancer had higher costs and lower probability of having had no HIC whereas for younger, widowed, and divorced persons the opposite was true. Men and unmarried persons in the U.S. were also found less likely to receive care in the last year of life [18]. Being male, younger, healthier, and living alone was also found to be associated with higher failure to pay insurance premiums in Switzerland [19], and could partly support our findings of either delayed healthcare or lack of healthcare needs in groups with these attributes. Reich et al. showed that persons of lower socioeconomic status, who receive social assistance, generally have higher intensity and cost of healthcare [20], which parallels our weak association of no HIC among individuals from high Swiss-SEP regions. Similarly as in the case of mortality, the use of ecological instead of individual SEP may be a reason for weaker association [17]. The Reich et al. study also identified higher rates of social assistance among those suffering from psychological disorders and psychoses (identified using pharmaceutical cost groups) [20], which supports the idea that these groups might be more economically vulnerable. Mental illness has been associated with problems in paying medical bills [21] and forgone medical and prescription care [22], and these findings parallel results of this study. Finally, a review of international data (excluding Switzerland) estimated that around 23% of persons had no contact with primary care in the last year of life, with lower figures for women than men and for older than younger persons [23]. Our estimates indicate lower proportions, potentially suggesting higher use of healthcare; however, we included any MHI claim, which might lead to an overestimate.
Our results suggest that persons with mental and behavioural disorders, those who are prone to suicide, and persons who are unmarried might be more likely to be unable to identify health needs, fail to seek needed healthcare, or to some degree be less able to handle healthcare-related administrative tasks. Married persons, in contrast, might be more likely to have their HIC submitted after death by a spouse. Future research should therefore explore why healthcare is not utilized by particular groups. Researchers and policy makers also should be aware that analyses based only on persons having HIC might have a differential bias that misses certain groups; studies of healthcare costs might choose to log-transform the outcomes and exclude persons with zero cost [24]. Although the lack of cost seems to be rare phenomenon in EOL studies, other aspects of healthcare use might be more affected.
As is also true of other HIC-based studies, this analysis had limited access to individual-level characteristics that could potentially explain observed patterns. For instance, morbidity, functional status, patient preferences, chosen deductibles, and individual socioeconomic position are not available in HIC data yet could influence lack of HIC and should be explored. An estimated 2–3% of all claim invoices are paid by patients directly and never reach their insurers [7]. This could potentially have had an impact on our results, particularly among persons with high deductibles or those dying from causes of death not associated with frequent or expensive healthcare use. Switzerland has a relatively high share of out-of-pocket payments in the last year of life [10], and persons with high deductibles are known to incur lower costs [25]. Though the last year of life is used frequently [9], it is still an arbitrary time frame [26]. Our previous analyses indicate that it performs similarly to the last 3 months of life when analysing costs [12].
AOR:
Adjusted odds ratio
CVD:
EOL:
HIC:
10th revision of the International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems
MHI:
Mandatory health insurance
Swiss-SEP:
Swiss neighbourhood index of socioeconomic position
We are extremely grateful to the insurance companies that were part of the study: CSS, Groupe Mutuel, Helsana, Sanitas, SWICA, and Visana. They provided us with the data used in the study and offered helpful comments on data management. Initial funding and data were obtained by the late André Busato, who passed away on 12 November 2013. We thank Christopher Ritter for his editorial contributions.
This work was supported by Swiss National Science Foundation funding ('NRP 67 End of Life' project number: 139333; grant number 406740_1393333) and by a joint grant of FMH Swiss Medical Association, KKA Konferenz der Kantonalen Ärztegesellschaften, and NewIndex AG. The funding bodies influenced neither the study design; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; the writing of the report; nor the decision to submit the article for publication.
This study relied upon access to claims data granted by six insurance companies, which own the data. Both privacy protections and contractual agreements with the data providers prohibit us from sharing the data.
RP & MZ jointly designed the study. RP & MZ jointly managed and analysed the data and interpreted results. KS performed record linkage. RP wrote the first draft of the manuscript. VvW, OR, XL, MM, AES, CB KS, DCG, ME, KMCG commented on and critically reviewed the drafted manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Canton of Bern. Consent to participate was not needed as this retrospective study used routinely collected data.
All authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Additional file 1: Adjusted odds ratios (AOR, right panel) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) of lack of health insurance claims (as presented on Fig. 2). AORs from sex-stratified, multivariable logistic models with robust standard errors. Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular diseases; Mental & behave., Mental and behavioural disorders; Nat., nationality; Civ., civil status at the time of death; Urb., level of urbanization; Lan., language region; Swiss-SEP, Swiss neighbourhood index of socioeconomic position [13]. Attribution of causes of death follows ICD-10 coding. (XLS 33 kb)
Additional file 2: Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) of lack of health insurance claims across selected main causes of death. AORs from sex-stratified, multivariable logistic models with robust standard errors. Lack of CI indicates reference category (for instance CVD). There were no events (having no HIC) among females aged 19–50 dying of mental and behavioural disorders. Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular diseases; Mental & behav., Mental and behavioural disorders; Nat., nationality; Civ., civil status at the time of death; Urb., level of urbanization; Lan., language region; Swiss-SEP, Swiss neighbourhood index of socioeconomic position [13]. Attribution of causes of death follows ICD-10 coding. (PDF 82 kb)
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
Department of Health Sciences, Helsana Insurance Group, Palmstrasse 26b, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland
SWICA Gesunheitsorganisation, sante24, Winterthur, Switzerland
University Center for Palliative Care, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 28, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
Department of Geriatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
The Dartmouth Institute of Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Lebanon, NH, USA
Section of Geriatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Utilization, expenditure, economics and financing systems


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» Age Of Sigmar: Soulbound Starter Set Review | Cubicle 7
Age Of Sigmar: Soulbound Starter Set Review | Cubicle 7
December 1, 2020 by crew
Last week I dived into a review of the immense Age Of Sigmar: Soulbound and it's Core Rulebook including what it has to offer up to those looking to experience a more heroic and mythic High Fantasy adventure. The Mortal Realms can be a little daunting but that's where the Age Of Sigmar: Soulbound Starter Set from Cubicle 7 comes in.
Check Out The Age Of Sigmar: Soulbound Core Rules Review
Last year in May I looked at the Warhammer Fantasy Role-Play Starter Set (Video Here) which was put together by Cubicle 7 and was very happy with what if offered up to prospective adventurers. Packed with pre-made characters, a sprawling introductory scenario and story seeds for future quests, it is (to date) my favourite Starter Set. I am happy to say that the new Starter Set for Age Of Sigmar: Soulbound follows on from its grimdark brethren nicely.
Unique & Interesting Characters
The first thing to address is that currently, the Starter Set is a digital product. You can pre-order it right now in its physical form but it won't be delivered until the second quarter of 2021. However, regardless of the lack of dice that you'd get in the physical version of the Starter Set, the rest of the contents presented here are very nice to read through and tinker with.
At the heart of the Starter Set are a collection of pre-made characters which show off the diversity available to you when exploring the Mortal Realms. Each of them is presented with a chunk of background to get you started, connections to the rest of the group and also a selection of secrets and goals for you to work towards. You have the likes of Xan Bemyr, the Excelsior Warpriest and Vel Arturious the Knight Quest but also stranger characters like Imren Sealglaire the Isharann Tidecaster and Darach the Kurnoth Hunter. This showcases the range of options available to players who want to do something similar to what they might know whilst also offering up a chance to play someone very unique too.
All of this is presented as part of a wonderful folio which goes through everything that you need to know when it comes to playing a character in Soulbound. Your statistics, attributes, skills, talents and more are all broken down and described and you have an entire leaf of the folio given over to what all of this means. There is even a handy section of the sheet dedicated to The Ladder so you can quickly help out the Games Master as you get stuck into combat.
Much like with the characters available as part of the Warhammer Fantasy Role-Play Starter Set, I really like what Cubicle 7 have presented here. For someone who likes exploring more than just the hack and slash of a roleplaying game, the hints, tips and quirks they have worked into the mix here with these opening heroes mean that you've got plenty of cues to work off. Additionally, for new players, you've also got some nudges as to how you should be playing your character and interacting with the world of The Mortal Realms.
First Time Adventurers
Once you've got characters you also need the adventure to play through. The Soulbound Starter Set offers up a big forty-page campaign called Faltering Light. In this adventure, you'll be taking on the role of the Soulbound as you head to the sprawling magical city of Brightspear. It's no spoiler to say that you are being charged with helping the denizens of this city which has fairly recently been claimed from beneath the yolk of Tzeentch as they seek to reactivate the Realmgate deep beneath the "spear" that stands at the centre of the city.
I won't go into too many details about the story but it has something for everyone from session to session. There are plenty of ways to get stuck into the heroic combat of Soulbound plus lots more for those who appreciate the exploration and puzzle-solving of roleplaying at the tabletop.
All elements of gameplay in regular sessions of Soulbound are delivered to you bit-by-bit throughout the adventure. The quest takes you steadily through doing regular tests, how to deal with combat, what to do when you are faced with various challenges and more. In addition to making it easy for the players, there is also plenty in there to help out the Games Master too. You will need to have a good read of the book all the way through before you begin but Faltering Light offers up a really nice introduction to what Soulbound is all about.
One of the things which makes Soulbound something to consider as your next roleplaying game is just how BIG everything is. This is really hammered home here through the quest that you'll undertake in Brightspear. You meet bombastic and larger-than-life characters, explore a very diverse city and face down monstrous creatures and other foes that nudge things up towards the "superhero".
You'll find a lot of use out of this book and I could easily see the introductory quest taking more than one session to play. Depending on how much time you devote to it and how often you meander away from the main storyline, it could easily play out over two or three.
Background Reading!
Faltering Light is then supported by a second book which also comes in the Starter Set, the Brightspear City Guide. This is another reasonably hefty tome which comes with all the information you need to add colour and spice to the city of Brightspear. The Mortal Realms can be a confusing and often blindingly wild place but Cubicle 7's team has done a great job of listing all the things you need to know about the city plus its essential places and people.
Sprinkled throughout the City Guide you'll find lots of ways to embellish and build on the encounters that your players have when playing through Faltering Light. At the back of the book, Cubicle 7 have also provided Games Masters with eight additional Threats which your party can follow up on. Each of these is presented in a simple way meaning that you can tweak them to fit your own campaign and would be a superb way to follow up on Faltering Light with a few more one-session quests. I could easily see plenty of sessions being played out in the aftermath of Faltering Light where the Soulbound continue to help the people of Brightspear who are assaulted on all sides.
I find these kinds of books in Starter Sets to be invaluable. There is nothing worse than having to come up with a lot of information on the fly and the City Guide which supports the campaign does a good job of helping to answer all the questions your inquisitive players are likely to have.
Helpful Gaming Aids
As well as the two main books and the character folios you've also got a myriad of accessories to keep gameplay flowing. There are references handouts for spellcasting, combat, general rules and more plus maps that you can lay out for your players during the game too. These range from a wonderfully detailed map of Brightspear through to the maps you'll need for the key encounters that you play out during the course of Faltering Light.
The PDF version of the Starter Set also comes with a set of tokens that you can print out which are used to track Soulfire, Doom and Mettle for each player and the Games Master. I am eagerly waiting for the physical version of this Starter Set to come out so I can get popping tokens and playing around with those nice dice that they've promised!
A Great Introduction To The Mortal Realms?
I am a big fan of this Starter Set and what Cubicle 7 have produced for new players. The characters are interesting and presented with plenty of scope for newcomers and veterans to roleplaying. Faltering Light acts as a really nice step-by-step adventure which steadily introduces the concepts of Soulbound and guides you into a game packed with High Fantasy action. Additionally, the Brighspear City Guide not only offers up help for the Games Master when playing through this introductory quest but also seeds for future adventures that your players can enjoy.
Throughout the set, you've got oodles of lovely artwork, well-written descriptions and information which manage to deliver the information you need without overwhelming you. It's a tough thing to get the tone of Soulbound and the Age Of Sigmar right but I think Cubicle 7 have done a neat job here.
As I mentioned during my review of the Core Rulebook, I think starting out here with Faltering Light and the Starter Set is a good place to begin your Age Of Sigmar journey. It manages to get past that sometimes bewildering amount of names, places, backgrounds and such that The Mortal Realms throws at you and offer it up in a simple way. Telling these smaller stories, centred around a few unique individuals and with the introductory of themes, concepts and foes bit by bit as part of a single city means that you're more inclined to return to Soulbound session after session.
The real question is whether or not you order this now or wait for the physical release next year? I am a big fan of actually having things in my hands and roleplaying around an actual table so I would ideally have waited until it got released in 2021. However, because of the world we live in right now, it could well be a fun option for those that want to play something different in the Fantasy genre right now.
Even if you burn through the Faltering Light quest over a few weeks the contents of the Starter Set should be helpful regardless as you tell more stories in Age Of Sigmar: Soulbound. Brightspear is a great place to centre your adventures and with the additional threats presented in the City Guide, you could move from having fun digitally to playing physically next year with ease and still feel like you get worth from the box when it arrives.
Are you tempted to give this Starter Set a go?
"At the heart of the Starter Set are a collection of pre-made characters which show off the diversity available to you when exploring the Mortal Realms..."
"Faltering Light acts as a really nice step-by-step adventure which steadily introduces the concepts of Soulbound..."
Age Of Sigmar: Soulbound
Cubicle 7 Entertainment
Age Of Sigmar: Soulbound Cubicle 7 Fantasy Featured Role Playing Games
Content: Article Content: Review
pagan8th
I weakened and preordered Soulbound which was put in the post today, so I should have it soon… under normal circumstances it would be a couple of days… but as employee of the postal service I have no such delusion… the weekend would be nice, but it's about 50/50.
I also picked up the GM Screen in pdf… partly for the screen, but I was interested to see what the 25 one page adventure outlines were like. Not read them yet, as I want to skim the rules first.
Took a bit convincing to get one of my players to try this game, but I'm hopeful we'll give it a go soon.
However… we started a 5e adventure from the Essentials Kit last week, so have to deal with that first…
And I only started 5e because they not only left the rails in my wild west game… they trashed the train… moved the track and possibly started a war between their town and another one… I needed thinking time!
Anyway… I think I'll pass on the starter set for Soulbound and stick with the core plus gm screen. Last thing I need is more d6…
brennon
Glad that you've considered giving it a go. It's a nice alternative take on the Fantasy that I personally have been used to so it's right up there on the "need to play more" pile.
The GM Screen is a nifty piece of kit for sure. It does look sexy which is a plus and those hints and adventure seeds are good fun to play around with. I've already flicked through it and enjoyed coming up with some ideas.
The Starter Set is another good starting point but understandable if you just want to run with the core rules and such. I've got a few friends who are big Warhammer fans but not played AoS so it is a good introduction for them which is key.
Soulbound core rules arrived today. Only skimmed it so far.
First impression is that using Stormcast PC's may be a bad idea. Soulfire and the Binding is key to the game as it makes the party a group, not a bunch of individuals. It works like Fellowship in the One Ring in that respect and it that game the most powerful characters (the Rangers) don't benefit from the Fellowship Pool.
The free adventure, Crash & Burn, does not seem like a good beginning scenario, so I'll see what I can come up with. I'm probably not going to be running this until the new year.
Given my collection of AoS miniatures I will use them at the table, but while we are gaming via Skype the 'Zones' will be easier.
doctorether
Have fun with Cities of Flame. I wrote two of the Anvilgard scenarios in that booklet.
love the map.
templar007
Standing by my mailbox waiting for my copy to arrive! 👍
horus500
I must admit that dispite not loving AoS there is something alluring about this RPG. It could be that I'm just wanting to see what a fleshed-out AoS setting looks like, it could be that Cubicle7 seem to be very good at rpgs (they certainly have not only revamped the Warhammer setting but really added a heap of new setting content to it). I could also be that with so little flesh on the setting bones I'm hoping for something very new and unusual. It's probably all of the above!
From what I have read about the rules, they seem to have taken ideas from The One Ring that Sophisticated Games did for cubicle 7.
Soulfire for example is similar to the Fellowship Pool of One Ring. I'm sure I'll notice more when I see the full rules.
fyi, Humble Bundle has C7's WH40K Core and other stuff for $1 PDF.
C7 also has free WH40K PDF downloads. May have seen an AoS freebie as well?
That's the of FFG stuff, not the new edition that C7 acquired from ulisses speille.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Meet the man behind Mad Max's real-life apocalypse machines
Forget CGI: An astounding number of Mad Max's cars, and stunts, were built and filmed in the real world. Here's the man who did it.
By Bob Sorokanich
150 vehicles.
That's how many rumbling, screaming, flame-spitting, jumping, crushing machines the crew built during the course of filming Mad Max: Fury Road.
The cars of Mad Max: Fury Road
And while the machines are outrageous, and the stunts are face-melting, there's something even more astounding about this film: The folks who created it hate CGI.
So when you go see this movie—and you absolutely should—bear this in mind: What you're watching was largely created by mechanics, not programmers.
Our pals over at Jalopnik got the once-in-a-lifetime chance to speak with Colin Gibson, the production designer who dreamed up all the vehicles in Mad Max: Fury Road. You have got to read their interview with this manic madman.
If you're more visually inclined, Jalopnik secured some exclusive behind-the-scenes video. Enjoy:
But seriously, read the interview. There's no spoilers that will ruin the movie—unless you weren't prepared to find out that the cars involved are just straight-up ass-kickers.
Bob Sorokanich DEPUTY EDITOR, ROAD & TRACK MAGAZINE Bob Sorokanich is Deputy Editor of Road & Track Magazine.
Bruce Springsteen's Surprise Jeep Super Bowl Ad
Gran Turismo 2 Is Old Enough to Drink
Fast and Furious 9 Has Already Been Delayed Again
Art of Rally Is a Beautiful, Minimal Racing Game
F1 Driver Robert Kubica Blasts Around the 'Ring
Fast & Furious 6 Crashed Real Ford Escort RS1600s
Need For Speed Games Have the Best Sound Tracks
This Ford Mustang Has a 12-Valve Cummins Swap
Corvette C8 Drives Around Without Body Panels
What Racing Game Has the Best Intro Scene?


Hotel Hilton London Metropole, London, United Kingdom - Lowest Rate Guaranteed!
A stay at Hilton London Metropole places you in the heart of London, within a 15-minute walk of Oxford Street and Hyde Park. This 4-star hotel is 0.7 mi (1.1 km) from Marble Arch and 0.7 mi (1.1 km) from Baker Street.
Really enjoyed my stay. Was totally conveniently located for my purposes and was a very comfortable base in London. John Tait.
Good location, good food and service.
Far too busy, there were too many people for the size of the breakfast restaurant.
We felt totally at ease as soon as we walked through the door. Everything was well signposted and easy to locate.
We upgraded our room and on checking in when i mentioned i had Hilton Honours, we were upgraded again to and Executive room. Good service indeed..
Great location right in the heart of things. Staff was very helpful as well.
15 pounds for internet access is a bit pricy, especially when you can walk a block to Starbucks and get it for free.
Excellent location - within walking distance to all sights/theatres. Staff very friendly & efficient. Fantastic breakfast. This was our second stay at the Metropole and will definitely be going back.


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We are very excited to announce that we will be playing The America Family Restaurant on Saturday April 13th starting at 8 p.m. Make sure you grab our friends and come out and join us!! Food, fun, and great music!
We are excited to be back 'ROCKIN' The Squire Lounge Friday April 19th and Saturday April 20th at 8:30! Come out and enjoy a night of all of your favorite songs by The 7th Avenue Band!!
Join The 7th Avenue Band as we return to The High Horse Saloon and Eatery Friday May 3rd and Saturday May 4th. All the fun begin at 9 pm, so come out and dance the night away to all of your favorite music by The 7th Avenue Band! Great food, great drinks, and great music!
Kick off your weekend with The 7th Avenue Band and Bugz's Bar and Casino Friday May 10th starting at 9 p.m. Come dance to all of your favorite songs played by The 7th Avenue Band!
The weather is warming up and its that time of year for the Bugz's Bar Annual Luau Party featuring The 7th Avenue Band. Put on your best Luau clothes and come out and celebrate with us! All the fun begins at 9 p.m.
We are pleased to announce that we have been invited to be apart of the Rimrock Mall Summer Concert Series! Grab your friends and come out and join us Friday May 31st from 6 pm - 10 pm at the Rimrock Mall!
Cupid Shuffle at The Waterhole Saloon!!
T-shirts, hoodies, & hats are now available for purchase!
Call Todd at Todd's T's at 406-281-0251 or email p_b_bailey@ yahoo.com today.


Shawn Musgrave filed this request with the Los Angeles School Police Department of Los Angeles, CA.
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The enclosed letter in response to your Public Records Request related to the LASPD emails, Memos, 1033.
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Have a lovely day, and thank you for your help!
Was you check addressed to Ms. Helen Fludd? I believe she is handling your PRA request.
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Lt. Minutella (School Police Department) received and forwarded Check # 338 in the amount of $11.95 to my attention (in payment for PRA TM# 0027507).
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Please find enclosed a check for $17.95 to satisfy the fees associated with the attached requests for LAUSD PD emails and manuals.
We've placed a check for $17.95 in the mail to satisfy both the request for LAUSD PD 1033 emails and manuals.


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-{ICI-118,551}- je selektivni antagonist beta-2 (β2) adrenergičkog receptora. -{ICI}- se vezuje za β2 receptor sa više od sto puta većim afinitetom nego za β1 ili β3 receptor. Kompanija Imperijalne hemijske industrije je razvila ovo jedinjenje.

Reference

Spoljašnje veze

Бета блокатори
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Our green teabags start with premium hand-picked Camellia Sinensis leaves, carefully blended into a superior green tea with delightful flavor, smooth taste and less caffeine than black tea. After being harvested, the green tea leaves are quickly heated and dried to retain their fresh-picked flavor. Green tea is lighter in color and flavor than black tea, and higher in antioxidants. For optimal freshness, we blend and package our teas right here, in Hawaii. There are simple instructions printed on each box to brew a cup, steep a teapot or make a great pitcher of iced tea. 20 teabags per box. Great served hot or iced!


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Sigmund Freud Museum : In the footsteps of psychoanalysis
> Sigmund Freud Museum : In the footsteps of psychoanalysis
Freud lived in Vienna for decades and you can visit his house. He treated his patients and also wrote many of his influential books in there.
It is here, on two floors of an elegant building, where the inventor of psychoanalysis lived and received his patients between 1891 and 1938, before being rushed into exile in England under the pressure of Nazism.
He died in London the following year. Sigmund Freud had his office in the family apartment. One of his best-known books, The Interpretation of Dreams, was written in this apartment. A museum was built in the 1970s with the help of Anna, his youngest daughter.
On display are some furniture, personal items, letters, books, and antiques, though, unfortunately, the couch is only a copy, the original having remained in London.
Sigmund Freud Museum
Tel : +43 (0)1 319 1596
www.freud-museum.at
Viennese cafés: Coffee in all its forms
Premium-quality local beer at Basz Bar
gastronomy - bar
Blue Mustard, a culinary journey across the world
exploration sports and well-being
The Prater: trees, a Ferris Wheel, and amusements


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Tag: L
La Trilogie Marseillaise
The La Trilogie Marseillaise trilogy kicked off in 1931 with the first movie in the series Marius. In 1932 a second film was released staring Leslie Caron, Maurice Chevalier, Charles Boyer, Horst Buchholz, and in 1936 the series was completed with C
Les Ripoux
The Les Ripoux trilogy kicked off in 1982 with the first movie in the series Les Ripoux. In 1990 a second film was released staring Philippe Noiret, Thierry Lhermitte, Lorànt Deutsch, Chloé Flipo, and in 2003 the series was completed with Ripoux 3
Lyubit po-russki
The Lyubit po-russki trilogy kicked off in 1989 with the first movie in the series Lyubit po-russki. In 1996 a second film was released staring Galina Polskikh, Nikita Dzhigurda, Larisa Udovichenko, Yevgeni Matveyev, and in 1999 the series was completed with Lyubit po-russki 3: Gubernator
Lucky Stars (Primary Trilogy)
The Lucky Stars (Primary Trilogy) trilogy kicked off in 1983 with the first movie in the series Winners and Sinners. In 1985 a second film was released staring Sammo Hung Kam-Bo, Richard Ng, Eric Tsang, Kiu Wai Miu, and in 1986 the series was completed with Twinkle, Twinkle Lucky Stars
Lucky Luke (live-action films)
The Lucky Luke (live-action films) trilogy kicked off in 1991 with the first movie in the series Lucky Luke. In 1991 a second film was released staring Ron Carey, Bo Greigh, Terence Hill, Nancy Morgan, and in 2004 the series was completed with Les Dalton
Love Hunter
The Love Hunter trilogy kicked off in 1972 with the first movie in the series Love Hunter. In 1972 a second film was released staring Milan Mumin, Jelena Stupljanin, Eleanor Hutchins, Brian Berrebbi, and in 1973 the series was completed with Love Hunter: Lust
The Legally Blonde trilogy kicked off in 2001 with the first movie in the series Legally Blonde. In 2003 a second film was released staring Reese Witherspoon, Sally Field, Regina King, Jennifer Coolidge, and in 2009 the series was completed with Legally Blondes
The Left Behind trilogy kicked off in 2000 with the first movie in the series Left Behind. In 2002 a second film was released staring Bob Carlisle, Russ Lee, Bill Corcoran, Kirk Cameron, and in 2005 the series was completed with Left Behind: World at War
La Cage aux Folles
The La Cage aux Folles trilogy kicked off in 1978 with the first movie in the series La Cage aux Folles. In 1980 a second film was released staring Michel Serrault, Ugo Tognazzi, Marcel Bozzuffi, Michel Galabru, and in 1985 the series was completed with La Cage aux Folles 3
The Lord of the Rings order starts with The Fellowship of the Ring, and ends with The Return of the King. Many people consider the Lord of the Rings to be the best trilogy ever made. Originally based on a book, this unique movie series has gone on to be the most watched trilogy in ..


Game Preview: @KingstonFronts in Barrie to face the @OHLBarrieColts #OHL - Very Barrie Colts | A website covering the Barrie Colts of the OHL.
Kingston (19-20-5-2) is currently riding a 2 game win streak. Their last game was a HUGE win over the OHL leading Oshawa Generals which saw them win the game 3-2 in the shootout. Fronts goaltender Lucas Peressini had an incredible game stopping 42 of the 44 shots faced in the game. Will they be able to take the momentum of beating the best team in the league with them into BMC tonight?
Barrie (29-17-1-1) are coming off of a win last weekend over Niagara. Maybe not the same huge win that the Fronts are coming off but it needs to be noted that the IceDogs had been playing their best hockey of the season headed into that game. Kevin Labanc had a huge 4 point night and earned his first OHL hat-trick. Rumours were floating around the internet that a certain blog creating a photoshop of him with a cat head contributed to his performance but we don't like to take credit for players hard work!
Keys to Success: It is the final stretch to the playoffs and no team is safe right now. Kingston needs points and will come out hard tonight. The Colts will need Mac Blackwood to do what he has done all season and that is stop pucks. They need to do a better job of staying out of the penalty box as well. Leading the OHL with 865 PIMS, now is the time to really try to cut back on bad penalties because teams will take advantage of that. It is also very important that they take advantage of power play chances themselves. If you are going to spend time in the box you got to make them pay when they do the same.
Players to Watch: Kevin Labanc as we mentioned is coming off his fifth 4 point night of the season. In December he posted 21 points (6 goals, 15 assists) in 13 games played. Andrew Mangiapane is on a 4 game point streak with 7 points in that time. He will be looking to extend that. Ben Harpur has also been great since coming to Barrie from Guelph and had 2 assists in the last game and was a +3 on the night. Be sure to keep an eye on him as well.
Puck drop is scheduled for 7:30 at BMC!


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We Need Your Help to Save a Little Cities Landmark: The Ward Building of New Straitsville
We Need Your Help to Save a Little Cities Landmark. We have a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to purchase the historic Ward Building in New Straitsville! We have a plan to restore the building to its former beauty and make it into a public heritage center, and we need $5,000 to reach our first fundraising goal.
A History of Race and Racism in the Little Cities In this video (originally filmed for Little Cities Fest 2020) we visit
The Tecumseh Theater: Renovation and Restoration The Tecumseh Theater was recently renovated and restored as the original Improved Order of Red Men


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Nico & Vinz Don't Care What You Think About 'Am I Wrong?'
Duo talk about the message behind their ubiquitous hit.
By Elizabeth Lancaster
It has been quite a ride for Norwegian duo Nico & Vinz since they first released their single "Am I Wrong?" In just over a year -- they dropped the track in April 2013 -- the track has become the most Shazaamed song ever, and is a radio mainstay.
Both Nico Sereba and Vincent Dery grew up in Norway, but are of African decent, giving their music a unique energy and sound. They've been making music together since they met on the Ivory Coast in 2009, where they hit it off immediately based on what they describe as a shared vision: to be themselves.
"We are from a very small country; Norway is only 5 million people. But we've always had huge dreams and we've always wanted to be global artists," Nico told MTV News. "When you are from such a small country, people will tell you or society will tell you that it's not realistic."
This attitude is exactly what led the duo to create what would become their globally recognized hit, with lyrics like "So am I wrong for thinking that we could be something for real?/ Now am I wrong for trying to reach the things that I can't see?"
"We sat down in the studio and we said we don't care what people say, we are gonna follow our gut feeling, we're gonna do what we want to do and believe in ourselves," Nico explained of the song's message. "So, we sat there and asked ourselves the questions, am I wrong? For thinking we can become this for real? Am I trippin' for having this vision? I'm gonna be on top of the world."
Now, Nico & Vinz are Stateside touring with Bruno Mars and working on their album Blackstar Elephant, a name that pays homage to their respective African backgrounds. While they are fans of many American artists such as Kanye West, Ed Sheeran and Sam Smith, Nico & Vinz won't work with just anyone. "They have to be someone who contributes to our project and adds something of value to it, it doesn't have to be a star" Vinz explained.
Blackstar Elephant will be released this fall.
Bop Shop: Songs From Kali Uchis, Libianca, Caroline Rose, And More
One song for fellowship, one for heartbreak, one for expectation, and more
Samia Is Working Toward Euphoria
Her new album 'Honey' celebrates stark if guarded honesty about people in her life: 'I'm writing something maybe they'll hear at a party on Spotify'
Jordy Puts A Queer Spin On An Early 2000s Hit With 'Story Of A Boy'
The out pop singer reflects on penning an homage to his 'younger queer self'
Here Are Your 2023 Oscar Nominees
'Everything Everywhere All At Once' leads the pack with 11 nods
Mac DeMarco In Blissful Limbo
He turned off the microphone and started up the engine to make his new instrumental travelogue album 'Five Easy Hot Dogs'
Bop Shop New Retro Edition: Songs We Love From 2013
Throwback jams from Paramore, Blood Orange, Bonnie McKee, Pusha T, and more


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Who Are You Helping? The Unasked Question on the Red Carpet
The Phrase That Started It All— "Who are you Wearing?"— is arguably the most frequently asked question on the Red Carpet at just about every awards show and celebrity-studded gala.
But before the 1990s carpet culture was starkly different than it is today. Formerly reserved for royalty, the red carpet has been a Hollywood fixture since 1922 when Sid Grauman hosted the premiere of Robin Hood at his Egyptian Theater. Previously a catwalk for celebrities to show off their extravagant gowns and jewels, the earlier red carpets received very little media exposure at all.
Until 1995, when E's Joan and Melissa Rivers took over, and the carpet took on a whole new color.
As stars made their way down the red carpet, Joan and Melissa would stop the celebs for an interview and then ask the proverbial question, "Who are you wearing?" Celebrities would share the name of their dress designer, raising many a-design houses to new levels overnight. The exposure made unknowns known and gave celebs a brand new power on the catwalk as designers vied to be the answer to the Red Carpet question, transforming the culture of the moment before the moment forever. The rest, as they say, is red carpet history.
Today's red carpet, still synonymous with the Oscars, other award shows, and of course, the Met Gala, the parade of stars outside the theater has become as important to the fashion industry as the ceremony is to film.
As far as transformation goes, stars have also made huge leaps as a result of their appearance on the red carpet over the years. In fact, there are plenty of instances where these transformational appearances catapulted actresses to a new level of "stardom."
In the '80s, Cher traded in her choppy mullet for a sleek updo, highlighted her vivid violet gaze with fuchsia cheeks, and adorned dazzling winged ear adornments. In 2004, Amber Valletta took cues from Marie Antoinette with a powdered blonde pouf, swirls of rosy blush, and a dress right out of history books.
A theme that begged for a renegade turnout was the Met Gala's 2013's "Punk: Chaos to Couture," when Miley Cyrus spiked up her platinum pixie for an electric-shock effect. For Rihanna, at the 2015, "China: Through the Looking Glass" gala, she made waves on the red carpet donning a gilded crystal floral headpiece atop a crimson bob to punctuate a yellow robe by Chinese designer Guo Pei.
Finally, for last year's gala, making a homage to the "In America: A Lexicon of Fashion," theme, Billie Eilish unveiled a new Marilyn Monroe-inspired look complete with soft feline flicks and platinum blonde bob.
The red carpet has also been a site for political commentary and activism. From Elizabeth Taylor wearing a red HIV/AIDS ribbon in 1992 to Emma Stone sporting a Planned Parenthood pin in 2017.
In recent years, high-profile social media campaigns, like #AskHerMore to #OscarsSoWhite to #MeToo, have forced the entertainment industry to reckon with the ways in which women, LGBTQ people, and people of color are treated and represented in the entertainment business. This was evident at the Golden Globe Awards where most attendees wore black to show support for Time's Up, an initiative dedicated to ending sexual harassment and gender discrimination in the workplace.
The red carpet has gone through many other transformations over the years, but the one that seems to be eluding it is a genuine shift to sustainability.
Is the red carpet getting greener?
Affectionately referred to as "fashion's biggest night out," the Met Gala is a fundraising benefit for the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. The event welcomes celebs, A-listers, young creatives, and industry paragons.
This year, the Gala's theme was "Gilded Glamor," and attendees were asked to dress the part as an homage to the Gilded Age of New York, the time period between 1870 and 1890.
A time of innovation and prosperity, the Gilded Age of Fashion was marked by the unique mix of fabric combinations. In the spirit of the era, eco-consciousness and sustainability were the stars of the show as some A-listers chose vintage or repurposed items, while others were dressed in upcycled luxe fabrics. This innovative way of thinking, which tapped into the creative use of mix and match fabrics seen in the late 19th century, was hoped to show how designers are creating new garments with deadstock fabrics, upcycling and more, and a handful of stars were eager to show off their social consciousness.
And the good news is sustainability has become a growing trend on the red carpet in recent years — and this year's Met Gala gave it a go.
Lorde was one celeb that showed up eco-conscious wearing designs by Emily Bode, who created a custom embroidered two-piece that celebrated the Arts and Crafts movement, and a printed gown by Collina Strada, a New York-based brand that uses deadstock and other sustainably-sourced materials.
Gabriela Hearst completed the trio of American designers flying the flag for sustainable fashion, dressing Gillian Anderson in Chloé and Maria Sharapova in her namesake label and Stella McCartney was behind Julia Garner's shimmering designs made with recycled ocean plastic.
But, with articles still placing the focus on "big questions" like "Met Gala 2022: The Best Diamond Jewelry Looks from the Red Carpet," the hopeful "greening" up of the red carpet seemed to be lost in the glitz – once more. Red carpet vets and emerging stars made statements on the Met's iconic arrival staircase wearing diamond-centric outfits and over-the-top jewels.
In one of the most iconic moves of the night, Kim Kardashian made Met Gala history in the Jean Louis-designed dress Marilyn Monroe wore when she sang "Happy Birthday" to JFK in 1962, a feat only Kim could pull off. Noted as a "recycled" gown, (seriously?) she accessorized the dress with 18-karat white gold Cartier diamond earrings. Sustainable? Hmm?
Emma Stone also made an attempt to wear a "reused simple dress" to the 2022 Met Gala, but that short white gown, actually her wedding dress, was a far cry from making a statement for eco-consciousness, as the dress, a Louis Vuitton design, wasn't exactly a show of big sacrifice to wear twice.
And the Oscar goes to ... wastefulness, once more
The Met Gala's meager attempt at nodding to the sustainable movement fell short, but – baby steps, right?
Award show season 2022, on the other hand, took an entirely different look. By different, we mean it was really the same-old, same old. While some celebs attempted to go greener on this year's red carpet, most missed the mark entirely, staying true to red culture.
After two years of sickness, death, masking, quarantining, and social distancing, there were high hopes to see a greener, slightly more empathetic red carpet this year.
But times of tribulation didn't seem to add any new color to the Oscar rainbow, as Hollywood's elite re-emerged at the 2022 Academy Awards with over-the-top gowns, as-expected glam, and lots of privileged drama making a reappearance.
But, when it came to sustainability, the Oscar went to….wastefulness and an absence of eco-consciousness.
Certainly, this is no dissing to the celebration of the arts. But the excessive nature of these award shows was especially offensive this year. After two years of politics, protests, and the pandemic, it would have been nice if something changed – even just a little.
But 2022's awards show looked like any other year with pounds of paper and plastic waste, single-use outfits, and stars arriving in private jets and limos stamping a loud-as-ever carbon footprint.
With organizers and attendees attempting to become more carbon-neutral, this year's Academy Awards, which embraced some efforts like serving plant-based, vegan appetizers in the lobby before the show, the real star of the show was a return to wastefulness. Even more hypocritical, celebrity gift bags that were filled with token earthy items like garden supplies and farmstand produce, also included cruises on luxury yachts.
As there was a hope that more celebs would choose to take a more sustainable and eco-friendly approach when picking their gowns, only a handful decided to actually recycle their previously worn attire.
Despite the influence of designers like Jean Paul Gaultier, whose Paris show in January featured upcycled haute couture, and Phoenix,
who won kudos in January for sticking with the same tuxedo throughout the award season, not many other stars followed suit, choosing to wear new gowns once again.
Sadly, rising designers like Daniel Silverstein, who creates clothing from remnants and scraps, did not receive any red carpet requests for his Zero Waste Daniel label.
So with all the glitz and glamor on display, the question still remains… is so much excess acceptable? In an industry that's self-proclaimed as being environmental and eco-conscious, why is so little emphasis placed on the upcycled movement?
Why then, instead of asking "Who are you wearing" on the red carpet, is the question not "Who are you helping?"
Not saying these fashions aren't forward but the sentiment behind buying new clothes to wear one time is so backward. Just saying… in times like this, wouldn't it be nice if entertainment award shows and galas would place a greater emphasis on helping humanity and the planet by placing greater importance on the zero-waste and the less is more movements?
After all, in an industry that prides itself on being so down to earth, quick to criticize the fashion industry for its careless disregard for the planet, the only real difference between these star-clad gala award show gowns and the fast-fashion biz is the price tag.
Because regardless of if a particular dress costs $25 or $25,000, the price the planet pays is equally absurd. And celebrities should put their money where their mouths are by boycotting new fashion and featuring a lot more upcycled style and a lot less wear-once- and toss at the next award show season.
But while we didn't hear much about sustainable fashion or zero waste at the Oscars, one designer set out to combine style with sustainability at the Academy Awards. Ghizlane Sabbahe, the brains (and beauty) behind L2R, a zero-waste, planet-friendly, and gender-fluid NYC brand, proved that you don't have to be wasteful to be wonderful.
Tasked to create a gown for a friend attending the event, Ghizlane was up to the challenge.
The Red Carpet gown designed for the 2022 Oscars was 100% upcycled, made entirely from deadstock, recycled gems, and previously worn garments, holding steadfast to the L2R brand's commitment to a zero-waste philosophy.
Using a vintage piece, a well-worn and well-loved dress, with its still-in-great-shape sequins, beading, and luxe fabric, L2R designers worked their magic reconstructing the piece into a one-of-a-kind gown fit for a gala. Ghizlane and her team sourced additional silk deadstock textiles to create a coordinating cape.
A treasured dress that might have been tossed into a landfill, and replaced with a new item, sourced from "somewhere," using valuable natural and human resources, was crafted to fit the wearer's taste, body shape, and lifestyle perfectly. Like a story straight from a Hollywood tale, L2R took a torn and tattered dress and transformed it into a ball gown fit for a princess. (And this gown would last long past midnight!)
In keeping with the brand's zero-waste philosophy, the L2R team took a destined-for-the-dumpster dress and gave it a second chance at life, turning the red carpet just a little bit greener.
L2R designers proudly created this gown and cape ensemble using absolutely nothing new, in keeping with the brand's zero-waste philosophy.
Editor's note: If more celebrities and public figures would eco-consciously use their platforms to bring attention to environmental and humanitarian issues by looking to zero-waste, eco-kind, sustainable brands and designers like Daniel Silverstein, Stella McCartney, and L2R to create their fashions for galas and other media-frenzied events, there just might be a greener future for red carpet culture.
Eileen Honey Strauss is an American journalist and freelance lifestyle copywriter, specializing in the beauty, fashion, food, and design industries. A graduate of Arizona State University, with a BS in Broadcasting, Eileen has been a professional writer for over 15 years. See more articles by this author @eileenhoneystrauss.com.


This house just about re-invents the wheel. A unique property situated on a beautiful year round trout creek offered a possibility of a lake view. Just had to reach for the stars. After a couple years in design this 4 story 1750 sq/ft tower broke ground. The 1st floor has a mechanical room, ½ bath, stairs, ground level for the elevator, and outdoor covered parking for two. In true atypical fashion, the 2nd floor houses the master bedroom, spare bedroom, and a full master bathroom. The 3rd floor is an open floor plan with a living room, kitchen, and dinning room. A separate ½ bath services the 3rd floor common area. This upside down design has an elevator stop and a full flight of stairs on each level. Custom wood work using many different hardwood species coupled with stone, pebble tile, coffered wood ceilings, and cedar siding contribute hugely to this North Idaho rustic vernacular. Knowing that the higher one goes, the better the view, the house is capped with a ladder accessed cupola offering spectacular lake views from this charming level. A built in bunk bed and raised seating area offers a birds eye view in the canopy of this richly forested property. Using a series of "Atmospheric Source Heat Pumps" via Mini Split distribution and super insulation creates a home nearly passive solar heated and assisted with very low utility bills. The wood burning fireplace on the 3rd floor used less than a half cord of firewood during the first heating season.


text:
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

[assembly: AssemblyTitle("Fenton.SmtpConsole")]
[assembly: AssemblyDescription("A console application for running an SMTP Server Stub")]
[assembly: AssemblyProduct("Fenton.SmtpConsole")]
[assembly: AssemblyCopyright("Copyright © Steve Fenton 2015")]
[assembly: ComVisible(false)]
[assembly: Guid("c3e0f557-c554-43cd-bbe0-2eb3b298a596")]
[assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.1.0.0")]
[assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("1.1.0.0")]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Feminism means I matter
by Briana Shields
Briana Shields is a former graphic design intern and current volunteer for the AIDS Foundation of Chicago.
I marched in the Women's March on Chicago for the generations of girls of color to come. Young women need to see that the world is big and full of variety. Now, we're needed more than ever.
When you're a young woman of color, most of the time you feel powerless. Growing up in Chicago's Austin neighborhood, I felt powerless and that my voice didn't matter.
In high school, I was one of three Black girls in my class. I always felt like the odd girl out and I started to believe I wasn't important. One morning, I saw yellow papers taped on all the lockers and in all of the girl's bathrooms. It was a flyer with a picture of a Black girl in my class with bananas and read, "Send this monkey back to the zoo." I looked at that picture and thought, "My skin is black like hers, so am I a monkey, too." I was angry, but I also felt uncomfortable because it was obvious we were thought of as un-human. As Black girls, we had no one to talk to about racism in our school or ask why students of color traveled across town attend what was perceived as the better school rather than receive the education we need in our own communities. I gave up speaking and living my truth.
Working at the AIDS Foundation of Chicago as a graphic design intern in 2016 was an inspiring experience. There, I witnessed what collective power can look like. Seeing people with different backgrounds work together towards justice and equity with love and compassion moved me. I felt acknowledged, valued and supported by the AFC community and motivated to go beyond what I think I'm capable of. They taught me that better relationships improve communities and create equity. The women's march was a first step to build a stronger community.
The women's march was one of the most beautiful acts of unity I experienced after Trump's election. The streets were filled with passion and drive. It felt good to be a part of something bigger than all of us — something that felt like sisterhood. There were so many women standing together, shouting together. We were all on the same page; we had the same needs and wants. This sisterhood must continue.
I believe that feminism isn't feminism unless it's intersectional. To eliminate oppression, we must confront the fact that 53% of white women cast their ballots for Trump. When we talk about gender, we cannot shy away from race, class and sexual orientation.
Why now? Why was this the final straw? I haven't seen this many women at a Black Lives Matter march or any other march. Where is the outrage when women of color experience violence from institutions that should help us or when we are systematically denied health care, sustainable housing and quality education? We must center the specific needs of women of color and commit to addressing them. Real progress will be made when more white feminists challenge racism and stand with women of color in the struggles that are unique to us. In order to create change, we must unite.
"I am no longer accepting the things I cannot change, I am changing the things I cannot accept." — Angela Davis
Categorized under Advocacy, Chicago, Inside Story and National.
Brick by brick, Stonewall paved the way for an effective response to AIDS
By Brian Solem Some say it started with a brick — a brick hurled at New York City Police...
[UPDATED] We stand with Jussie Smollett
[UPDATED March 27, 2019] Yesterday, we reshared on our social media accounts a statement from...
Open Enrollment and what it means for Trans and GNC folks
By Kirstin Brockenborough Enrollment in the Illinois Health Insurance Marketplace will be open...
Pride Action Tank: We See You
To co-opt the words of old Kanye, "Donald Trump doesn't care about transgender people."...
Remembering our Seniors on National HIV/AIDS and Aging Awareness Day
By Earl Fowlkes The HIV/AIDS pandemic has been with us since 1981 and I have worked in the HIV/AIDS...
The national movement to decriminalize HIV right across state lines
Chris Wade is more than just your average HIV advocate.     His longstanding...
Stonewall Strong (excerpt) By John-Manuel Andriote
This post is an excerpt from John-Manual Andriote's recently published book Stonewall Strong:...


A dental operating microscope (D.O.M.) has been a key tool for endodontic (root canal) dentistry since 1998 overseas. In India the microscopic dentistry got its due around 2005. We have been using Microscopes in our practice since 2016 and are one of the pioneers in Bhopal to start microscopic dentistry.
The tooth caries can be detected early, any Gum or Perio pathology can be seen properly, All lining can be seen while removing the cyst, you can see the margins of restorations and finish lines. If we can see all these then we can do justice to the tooth in a better way and least damaging way.
One of the most important aspects in treating an infected root canal is to eliminate any signs of remaining infection, bacteria or debri before filling the empty root canal with a strong and flexible material. Because of its heightened abilities in magnification, microscopic dentistry enhances a dentist's ability to effectively clean the root canal and protect it from future decay or infection. As with any treatment, however, maintaining a good dental hygiene routine by brushing and flossing twice daily is still advised.
Over the last three years, the use of the dental microscope has doubled. Dentists are going through the growing pains of learning the microscope technology because the use of magnification improves their practice virtually over night, mostly because dentists can see what they are treating and will less often commit errors of omission.
Sterilization in Dental Clinic: How we do it?


text:
Q: using js-grid for displaying static data I'm currently new to Javascript and right now using this JS-grid in an Example about Prime Numbers. I have an Array with Prime Numbers: Array(4) [ " 2", " 3", " 5", " 7" ].
Which the console.log shows is populated with these values. I'd like to import it into the JS-Grid but it never displays the values in each row, but only all Values of the Array in one row. Here is my configuration right now:
var clients = [{
    "Primenumber": Primenumber
}];

$("#jsGrid").jsGrid({
    width: "100%",
    height: "400px",

    inserting: true,
    editing: true,
    sorting: true,
    paging: true,

    data: clients,

    fields: [{
            name: "Primenumber",
            type: "text",
            width: 150
        },{
            type: "control"
        }
    ]
});

Am I importing the Array into the JS-Grid wrong? I'm not sure how to display each value of the Array in a seperate row. Thank you guys in Advance for your Answer!

A: Per the documentation:

data An array of items to be displayed in the grid. The option should
  be used to provide static data. Use the controller option to provide
  non static data.

I noticed that you are only passing an array with one value to the data key
var clients = [{
  "Primenumber": Primenumber
];

This is equivalent to passing:
var clients = [{
  Primenumber: [" 2", " 3", " 5", " 7"]
}]

and even though the Primenumber key has an associated value with multiple elements, the containing object itself is only a single value inside of the array.
I wonder what happens if you instead pass:
var clients = Primenumber;

and in doing so, you're passing the array itself.
Finally, to have your values show up, you have to have them in the data array as keyvalue pairs:
var Primenumber = [{Primenumber:" 2"}, {Primenumber: " 3"}, {Primenumber: " 5"}, {Primenumber: " 7"},];
var clients = Primenumber;

Working example here
Illustrative example in the official documentation here

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Research the founding of Green Peace or Save the Bay. How was government related to the environment different at its inception versus today? Then, explain the process you would plan to protect a wooded area, wildlife, or natural green space.
Go to Yale University's The Forum on Religion and Ecology. Choose 3-4 religions to briefly research in more depth specific to their beliefs and statements regarding climate change. Create an infographic, a graphic, or art that summarizes what you learned.
Do a Google search using key words, such as "lack of water" or "running out of water". Find several pieces of evidence that support water scarcity is a global issue.


I would like to take a moment to share a few recent success stories from my former clients. This list is by no means exhaustive and if I haven't included your publication, do give me a nudge and I'll include you in the next update. Here's to all those I have worked with and all of your successes. These are just a few of them.
I'm really looking forward to reading Julia Crouch's latest novel 'Every Vow You Break'. I've been thrilled to witness Julia's success and this novel looks every bit as gripping as her first, 'Cuckoo'.
'Every Vow You Break' concerns the Wayland family who leave England to spend a long, hot summer in Trout Island, Upstate New York. Lara, still reeling from an abortion that Marcus insisted on, hopes the summer away from home will give her time to learn to love her husband again.
A chance meeting at a party reacquaints the family with Marcus's old actor friend, Stephen, with whom Lara once had an affair. Lara feels herself drawn towards Stephen and they pick up their secret relationship where they left off. Lara knows she's playing a dangerous game; what she doesn't know is that it's also a deadly one.
You can read about the work Julia and I did together here and in a more extensive interview with Julia on The Literary Project.
And a third novel is due to be published later this year. Is there no stopping the amazing Ms Crouch?
Another member of 'The Completion Club', Kirsten Fogg had her essay 'After the Flood on Harte Street' – published recently. This essay – about her experience of the Brisbane floods of 2011 – appeared in the magazine 'Creative Non-Fiction', one of seven to be chosen from 350 entries. It's a deeply moving essay about the transforming power of friendship and the impact of the floods – and well worth getting the magazine to read it. Congratulations Kirsten!
I highly recommend Voula's work – her psychological insight lends her novels a unique flavour and a real intensity; this is a novel that will remain with you.
Obi Abuchi published 'The Magic of Monday' a fable that teaches lessons on developing a winning attitude in and out of the workplace. The career advice given is this book is based on real advice and insights gleaned from interviews of more than seventy-five business leaders, entrepreneurs, senior executives, and managers. It's designed to ensure that you never look at Monday mornings in the same way again!
Obi also published an article in the Telegraph, based on the advice given in the book.
"Want to learn about Genghis Khan's negotiating tactics (surprisingly win-win)? Want to read what evil dolphins have to do with bargaining? Want to know how Val Doonican's mum can help you get a better deal?
Congratulations to Simon for the excellent review coverage on this book!
"Numerous reasons cause adopted teenagers to reconnect with their birth family via Facebook, creating new challenges for adoption today and tomorrow. Incorporating theory, practice, anecdotes, metaphors, diagrams, models and case studies, this accessible book, written by an experienced adopter and NLP Coach, clearly explains these complex issues.
Helen was featured on Sky News talking about the impact of social networking on adopted children and their families.
Congratulations to all of these authors and I look forward to sharing more success stories from former clients in the future. If you're a former client who has recently published a book, do contact me and I'll be sure to include you in the next update!


text:
Professor Ian Newton OBE FRS FRSE
Ian Newton has been interested in birds since childhood. He studied zoology, and worked for a D. Phil under David Lack at Oxford University. His doctoral and post-doctoral studies were on finches, following which he worked for the Natural Environment Research Council in Britain, initially on waterfowl, and then on birds-of-prey, particularly on the problems caused by organo-chlorine pesticides. He was head of a Toxic Chemicals Research Group at Monks Wood Research Station. Throughout his career, his main interests have been in the population ecology and migrations of birds, but he has also maintained a strong interest in conservation. He has published more than 300 papers in scientific journals and authored eight books, including Population Ecology of Raptors (1979), Population Limitation in Birds (1998), The Migration Ecology of Birds (2008), Bird Migration (2010) and Bird Populations (2013). Among other activities, he has also served as president of the British Ecological Society and the British Ornithologists' Union, and as Chairman of the RSPB, the British Trust for Ornithology and The Peregrine Fund in the United States.


text:
Q: How do I remove a heading yield a specific page? I am providing the h1 into my header, but I don't want it on products/show. How do I remove it just for that page?
_header.html

<%= yield(:heading) %>

Homepage
<% provide(:heading, 'This is the homepage heading') %>

products/show
<% provide(:heading, '') %>

Obviously, I could just not provide any heading for the products/show page but there is CSS styling applied to my H1 that is screwing up my design, whether there is content in the h1 tag or not.

A: Only render the element if it has content:

  <% if content_for?(:heading) %>

<%= yield(:heading) %>

  <% end %>

A: Use a different partial? Put an if-ish statement around the header?
As-is the elements themselves will always be there, because there's no reason for them not to be.


My friends Frank and Norbert are visiting from Berlin, so I'm getting to play a bit of tour guide while they're here. Yesterday en route to Griffith Observatory, we took a bit of time to explore the ruins of the old LA Zoo. Tucked away in Griffith Park, the old zoo is a couple miles south of the current location of the LA Zoo, and was its home from 1912 to 1965. The old zoo had a history of troubles, from only raising $2000 to build the original zoo, to problems with sickness and animal treatment (including a disastrous period where the city council forbid the zoo to feed beef to its animals). Many buildings and features were built in the 30's by the WPA, but it was still subject to heavy criticism. Finally in 1958 voters authorized bonds to build the new zoo, which despite a media circus and political battle, opened in 1965. I was surprised, but pleased, how much of the old zoo is left open for the public to freely wander through. The bear enclosures are surely the star attraction, but the big cat cages and other assorted remains were pretty interesting as well. It certainly makes you glad the days of zoos using enclosures like this for animals are gone.


It refers to a Pokémon with amazing offensive stats, but horrible defensive stats.
A glass cannon is a (usually) fast Pokemon used in competitive battling that is fast and can deal out heavy blows, but not take them. Examples of this are Pokemon such as Greninja, Jolteon, Blaziken, Alakazam, Gengar, and more.
Source: Pokemon Showdown! and knowledge gained from this site.
>Refers to a Pokémon set with comparatively high Attack and/or Special Attack that, due to its combination of HP and Defense/Special Defense, takes a comparatively high percentage of damage from damage-dealing moves.
Basically a Pokemon that can't take hits, but can definitely give them.
answered Feb 21, 2015 by !'•-Indigo-•'!
In Pokemon Omega Ruby & Alpha Sapphire, what does XXth day of the XXth month etc mean?
How Does One Obtain the Reveal Glass?
What Pokemon are considered "Glass Cannons"?


text:
© 2023 by Marketing Inc. Proudly created with Wix.com
The Principality of
Snake Hill
The Principality of Snake Hill was formed by peaceful unilateral remedial right secession from Australia on 2nd September, 2003.
It was necessary to secede from Australia because two of our (investment) properties and income were stolen through a wrongful suit and the Australian and New South Wales governments did nothing to help us. We were terrified that we would lose everything.


text:
History 0-6 in the 3rd, Joker out...
0-6 in the 3rd, Joker out...
Needless to say, this has not happened to Joker this year, and it was top 30 newcomer, #32 Kei Nishikori. who did the damage, limiting the #1 to 10 points in the deciding set and becoming just the second player this year to win a complete match against the Serb (the other is Federer, who awaits him in the final tomorrow at 9AM EST; Federer defeated Wawrinka 7-6 (5), 6-2).
Kei's an able player on offense and D, but not used to big match play - this will be his 2nd final of the year (Houston on clay was his first) and a chance to win his first ATP title. Joker played well enough to win in 2 sets, holding double match point at 4-5 on Kei's serve. A few unforced errors and strong play from Nishikori evened the set, which Joker lost 7-4 in the TB, again contributing mistakes to his own demise along with two aces from Kei. While it as Nishikori who called for the trainer after set 2, there was speculation after the match that Joker's shoulder had at least one too many 3 set matches this week (this was his third in 4 days). If so, we won't see the Serb in Paris, but to his credit he finished out this match rather than robbing his young opponent of a satisfying victory.
In Valencia there will be a final between a Spaniard and an Argentine, but not the expected pair. #1 seed Ferrer was eliminated by unseeded Juan Monaco (#41) in a puzzling encounter 6-3 in the 3rd. He'll face unseeded Spaniard #34 Marcel Granollers, who defeated Del Potro 6-4, 7-6 (4). For Granollers, this would be his 2nd title of the year after Gstaad on clay. Monaco has never won an ATP title and only played in one before.
In the Paris qualifying, #1 seed Bernard Tomic failed to qualify, losing 7-6 (4), 6-2, to Nicolas Mahut. Sam Querry and Donald Young also qualified.
Rick Devereux
erdevereux@gmail.com