text:
Kris Palosaari
Kristine Palosaari might be new to the free-market movement, but not to the ideas behind it.
Palosaari joined the Mackinac Center in March as vice president for advancement after holding development roles for a number of years at nonprofit organizations in the Grand Rapids area.
"I was raised with a free-market value system," Palosaari said. "My dad was a small business owner and he taught me that if you do something well it will allow you to be successful. That's what the free market is all about."
Palosaari said she came to the advancement field in a non-traditional way while working as the fitness instructor at the Grand Rapids YMCA. She was asked to join the development team to lend her knowledge of exercise equipment as part of several grant requests and a new career was born. From there she became a divisional development director for The Salvation Army and then development director for the Urban Institute of Contemporary Arts in Grand Rapids.
During that time she earned a Certification in Fund Raising Management from Indiana State University to go along with a bachelor's degree in graphic design from Kendall College of Art and Design and a master's degree in organizational communication from Western Michigan University.
"Being successful at development is a long process of developing relationships," she said. "It's a lot like parenting — there are little victories along the way, but often it doesn't really come to fruition until down the road."
Palosaari also said it's important for people in the development field to be passionate about what they're raising money for.
"People who give to nonprofits are savvy," she said. "They don't want to feel as though you're just selling vacuum cleaners."
Drawing on her experiences growing up makes it easy for Palosaari to be passionate about the Center.
"My dad put a lot of subcontractors' children through college," she laughed. "When the market is successful, there's a ripple effect like that and everyone benefits. The Mackinac Center's work brings to light all of the barriers people face to that kind of success, and it's so eloquent and deeply researched. It's invaluable."


Whether you are mixing, filling, capping or closing, Adelphi's range of equipment can assist your every need with producing or packaging cosmetic & beauty products. Your product may be for a luxury boutique, premium spa or hotel, or a high volume multi-national range such as those produced for supermarkets. It may be a natural skincare product that needs to conform to strict eco guidelines, or a fragrance based indulgent range that utilises essential oils and luxury ingredients. Whatever the product we're here to help.
Our fillers and cappers are installed and operating in a number of high value cosmetic manufacturers both in the UK and overseas, offering the user an exceptional level of accuracy to avoid costly product wastage to potentially high value cosmetics, as well as design elements that ensure the highest levels of hygiene in the production area are maintained.
Adelphi also supply a range of high quality stainless steel process equipment, which includes mixing vessels, buckets, scoops and jugs, all to assist with the manufacturing process of cosmetic & beauty products.
A range of semi-automatic capping & closing machines, including vial crimping, tube sealing, ampoule sealing, and cap tightening. Includes Mastercap & bench top cappers.
Adelphi integrate a wide range of labelling machinery into their turnkey packaging lines to satisfy full scale production environments. Includes the Premier brand of labellers.
A range of equipment designed to aid the efficient filling, closing, capping and inspecting of a range of bottle types. Includes the System & Mastercap range as well as the Response fillers.
High quality stainless steel ware for production. Products includes mixing and jacketed vessels, cans, buckets, pails, churns, bowls and beakers. Also includes customised process vessels.


text:
Teaching Fellows Announced at the Leadership Center for Social Justice
United Theological Seminary of the Twin Cities
June 10, 2022, 15:41 GMT
Leadership Center for Social Justice Logo
Leadership Center for Social Justice Teaching Fellows
Applications for Leadership for Social Justice Program Due July 1, 2022
We are thrilled that pastors who are selected for our no-cost program will have the opportunity to learn from some of the most inspiring and effective movement builders in our region."
— Rev. Dr. Ry O. Siggelkow, Center Director
SAINT PAUL, MINNESOTA, UNITED STATES, June 10, 2022 /EINPresswire.com/ -- In preparation for its first cohort of 16 pastors, the Leadership Center for Social Justice at United Theological Seminary of the Twin Cities, has assembled a uniquely experienced cadre of impactful community leaders to help participants develop and deepen sustainable, community-based, social justice ministries within their churches. The inaugural program, for which applications are due July 1, launches this September.
"We are very excited to announce our amazing 2022–2023 Teaching Fellows at the Leadership Center for Social Justice," avows Rev. Dr. Ry Siggelkow, director of the Leadership Center. "We are thrilled that pastors who are selected for our no-cost program will have the opportunity to learn from some of the most inspiring and effective movement builders in our region."
The 2022–2023 Teaching Fellows are:
Rev. Kelly Chatman, an ELCA pastor, is the 2020 founder and executive director of the Minneapolis-based Center for Leadership and Neighborhood Engagement, an organization that seeks to mobilize "congregations and leaders as powerful neighborhood-based agents for positive social change." He brings to this position decades of experience ministering to churches and youth, holding leadership positions in academic and religious settings, and serving on numerous boards dedicated to serving those in need.
Dr. Amy Finnegan, as associate professor in Justice and Peace Studies at the University of St. Thomas, also co-founded and co-directs SocMed, a program of EqualHealth. EqualHealth is a global community of health professionals, educators, and activists dedicated to the international fight for health equity. Dr. Finnegan's teaching interests include social change, peace and conflict, human rights, and medical sociology.
Gaagigeyaashiik (Dawn Goodwin) is an Anishinaabe/Ojibwe from the Mississippi Band of the White Earth Reservation in northern Minnesota, a staunch advocate for Nimaamaa-Aki (Mother Earth), and a fierce protector of water and the Anishinaabeg traditions. Her work centers on networking with environmental groups and nonprofits to promote environmental, social, and racial justice. Gaagigeyaashiik represents the Indigenous Environmental Network and is co-founder of R.I.S.E. Coalition—Resilient Indigenous Sisters Engaging who came together to stop Line 3 pipeline construction.
Ned Wik Moore is the Neighborhood Leadership and Organizing Program Director for the Center for Urban and Regional Affairs (CURA) at the University of Minnesota—a center that promotes awareness of public policy issues through community organizing efforts. In 2015, Mr. Moore and a colleague launched Neighborhoods Now! to train, develop, and support neighborhood organizers and leaders as they fight for racial equity and economic justice.
Nookomis (Debra Topping) is an Anishinaabe/Ojibwe (Fond du Lac Band of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe) from the Fond du Lac Reservation in northern Minnesota who fights to preserve an indigenous way of life that honors nature and keeps sacred life-giving waterways. She is also co-founder of R.I.S.E Coalition, a powerful public speaker, dedicated protester, and avid provider. Nookomis will be co-teaching with Gaagigeyaashiik.
Rev. Hierald Osorto answered the call to become the senior pastor at the bilingual St. Paul Lutheran Church/Iglesia Lutheran San Pablo in October 2021 after serving at Ithaca College in New York as the founding director of Religious and Spiritual Life. In these and past positions, Rev. Osorto has been on the front lines of leading and teaching programs aimed at promoting diversity, justice, equity, and peace.
"As you can tell," Rev. Dr. Siggelkow concludes, "Every one of our Teaching Fellows has demonstrated a responsiveness to the needs and possibilities of their contexts while opening out in love and solidarity with all movements for justice."
Please direct any questions about the fellows or program applications to Stella Pearce at spearce@unitedseminary.org.
About The Leadership Center for Social Justice
The Leadership Center for Social Justice seeks to equip, inspire, and empower leaders to faithfully and reflectively engage in concrete, contextual ministry for social justice. In the spirit of faith, hope, and love, the Center supports leaders in developing skills in contextually sensitive, creative, and effective leadership and social praxis.
Founded as a welcoming, ecumenical school that embraces all denominations and faith traditions, United Theological Seminary of the Twin Cities has been on the cutting edge of progressive theological thought leadership since it was established in 1962. Today, United continues to train leaders who dismantle systems of oppression, explore multifaith spirituality, and push the boundaries of knowledge.
Distribution channels: Education, Environment, Human Rights, Religion
767 Eustis St., Suite 140
St. Paul, Minnesota, 55114
DMin in Spiritual Direction Launched at United Theological Seminary of the Twin Cities
Celebrating bell hooks, "The Praxis of Love" Kicks off Leadership Center for Social Justice's Three-Part Praxis Series
"Catching God's Breath in the Age of #BlackLivesMatter"—United's Gustafson Lectureship Takes Place October 24, 2022
View All Stories From This Author

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="com.example.stullam.pandoracloneandroid.SearchPage">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/listSongs"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="8dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="8dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
        android:text="List Songs"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.217" />

    <SearchView
        android:layout_width="366dp"
        android:layout_height="48dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="8dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="8dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
        app:defaultQueryHint="Enter the song"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/listSongs"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:queryHint="Enter your song" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/songListLinearLayout"
        android:layout_width="338dp"
        android:layout_height="322dp"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="23dp"
        tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="173dp"></LinearLayout>

</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

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With over 500 beautifully decorated and well equipped rooms and suites. All rooms here have fax and computer outlets, safes and full size executive desks.
Cafe Wu - Shangri-La Hotel Wuhan unveils its refurbished Cafe Wu with a brand new look and new additions to the buffet and a la carte menus. The new Cafe aims to create an exciting and fresh dining destination for international travellers and local patrons alike.
Facilities and services include an elegant lounge and three world-class restaurants serving a range of exquisite international cuisine. Also available are a fully-equipped health center - spa services - tennis courts - Jacuzzi - sauna - and swimming pool - as well as a full-service business center and versatile event space equipped with state-of-the-art audio-visual technology.Shangri-La Hotel Wuhan features 442 spacious - beautifully appointed rooms and suites with contemporary Chinese decor and dramatic city views - as well as apartment suites for longer stays. Horizon Club level accommodations provide guests with additional premium features - including a private concierge - late-checkout privileges and access to the exclusive Horizon Club Lounge with complimentary buffet breakfast - snacks - and evening cocktails. WUH - Tian He International Airport - 16 miles NW -Located in the modern financial center of Hubei provinces capitol city - Shangri-La Hotel Wuhan is convenient to the cityes many attractions - including businesses - shopping - temples - museums - and historical monuments.
Situated in the modern financial center of Hubei provinces capitol city - Shangri-La Hotel Wuhan is convenient to the cityes many recreational and business destinations. The property is just 16 miles from the airport and provides easy access to Wuhanes abundant attractions - including shopping - museums - and historical monuments.


I inherited this squalling baby doll from my grandmother. I know for sure that she was the only owner. Am Assuming the doll was purchased in New York where she grew up. She kept it in a vintage doll stroller with a blanket over it's lap for as long as I can remember.
Curiosity over the dolls origin due to its very unique appearance led me here to this site.
I know that this particular doll was special to my grandmother and I would like to see it find a home with someone who will appreciate it the way she did. Happy to sell for a very fair price. Please email me if interested.
Join in and write your own page! It's easy to do. How? Simply click here to return to Early Vinyl Dolls.


April 10, 2019- 1PM Fairfax County Government Center (Board Auditorium) Public hearings on the FY 2020 budget, FY 2020-2024 CIP, and FY 2019 Third Quarter Review will be held on April 9, 2019, at 4 p.m. and on April 10 and 11, 2019, at 1 p.m. at the Fairfax County Government Center (Board Auditorium).
April 9, 2019- 4pm Fairfax County Government Center (Board Auditorium). Public hearings on the FY 2020 budget, FY 2020-2024 CIP, and FY 2019 Third Quarter Review will be held on April 9, 2019, at 4 p.m. and on April 10 and 11, 2019, at 1 p.m. at the Fairfax County Government Center (Board Auditorium).
The Residences at Government Center, known as the "Residences," is an affordable housing development located on the Fairfax County Government Center campus in Fairfax, Virginia. The apartment complex was created through a public-private partnership between Fairfax County, Fairfax County Redevelopment and Housing Authority, Jefferson Apartment Group, Stratford Capital Group, and the Virginia Housing Development Authority.


Use "fall through" approach. When the case is the same with the next one, you can put a comment and tell that it will fall through. This will help the next developer to understand that this is done intentinally.
java 7 은, String 이 switch 에서 분기될수 있다.
onClick() 에서 switch 를 사용할수있고, ButterKnife 를 사용하여 메소드를 분리하는것이 더 읽이 좋은 방법이다.
fall through 접근법을 사용해라. 어떠한 경우가 다음에 똑같이 발생했을때, 코멘트를 할수있고, fall through 가 될것이다. 코멘트를 해놓으면 나중에 개발할때 그것이 어떤것인지 도움이 될것이다.
enum 이 성능상 약간 떨어진다고 하나, 지금의 기기에서는 아주 미미한 수준의 성능차이이다. 따라서 좀더 보기쉽고 읽기 쉬운 코드를 만들수있는 enum 을 사용하는것이 더 좋다고 생각 한다.
클린 코드 책을 다시 봐야겠다.


Even the keenest of cooks need a night off from slaving over a hot stove every once in a while, and we all have a favourite takeaway. Whether it's pizza, Chinese, Indian, Mexican or a simple cheeseburger and chips, as long as it's just an occasional treat, it's fine to indulge every now and again.
Takeaways are often very generous with their portion sizes, filling the curry container right to the top with sauce and throwing in extra poppadoms or prawn crackers that are inevitably going to break into shards and crumbs before you get your food home. What's more, your chips are often doused in liberal amounts of vinegar, making all of the wrappings extremely greasy to the touch.
As a result, it can be very easy to get grease or sauce stains on your clothes or soft furnishings on takeaway night, despite your best efforts. Suddenly, ordering in doesn't seem like it was the best idea after all, as you're left with extra housework afterwards. However, the domestic experts at Good Housekeeping have recently published a life-saving guide to how to remove all kinds of takeaway-related stains. Phew!
From fish and chips to sweet and sour chicken and chicken tikka masala, most takeaways are rather greasy, meaning messy fingers and mouths are inevitable. It can be a challenge to make it from the sofa to the kitchen for a cloth without touching anything, so grease stains on fabrics and soft furnishings can be unavoidable. If you spot a greasy mark, don't panic – they're actually really simple to remove. Good Housekeeping explains that all you need to do is apply a little cornflour or talcum powder to the stain, leaving it in place for around five minutes. Then, wipe off the powder with a dry cloth and the stain should have disappeared. If it's still visible, try applying a little washing-up liquid to the affected area too, before repeating the brushing-off part of the stain removal process.
With all of their beautiful fragrant flavours, curries are tasty, aromatic and vibrantly coloured all at the same time. This makes them extremely enjoyable, but the addition of bright spices like turmeric and fresh chillies can make them more likely to leave stains behind too. If you experience a curry sauce spillage, Good Housekeeping advises that you need to act fast, blotting as much of the stain up with paper towels as you can.
Then, you'll need to pour some methylated spirits onto the affected area and leave it alone for at least ten minutes until attempting to blot again. Keep repeating this stage until the majority of the sauce stain is no longer visible, then wash the garment or seat covering on a high temperature. If you're not brave enough to try this for yourself, remember that FastKlean's upholstery cleaning service is always on hand to treat your fabrics, using both wet and dry cleaning methods, depending on the type of material and the nature of the stain.
Soy sauce is extremely dark in colour, but it's actually very easy to remove if you act quickly enough. Good Housekeeping explained that soy sauce is "basically a pigment stain", which means all you need to do is blot any excess and wash the stain away with cold water. Remember not to use hot, as this can encourage the mark to soak in for longer. If your soy sauce stain needs a little extra help, apply a blob of washing-up liquid to the affected spot, before repeating the cold water stage of the process.


Grazing systems, grass-like vegetation interacting with their large mammal grazers, are important globally, where estimates of their potential extent (depending on classifications) range from 30 to 70 percent of the terrestrial land surface and show a major presence on five continents. In grasslands and savanna ecosystems, the grazing energy channel is prominent (~50 percent of energy flows through herbivores), unlike energy flow in more arid ecosystems where the detrital energy channel predominates. While variable, estimates of consumption of above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) by native large mammal herbivores ranges from 1 (desert grassland) to ~64 percent (mesic grasslands), and cattle remove 15–80 percent (see chapter by J. K. Detling, "Grasslands and Savannas: Regulation of energy flow and nutrient cycling by herbivores," in Concepts of Ecosystem Ecology: A Comparative View, edited by L. R. Pomeroy and J. J. Alberts [New York: Springer-Verlag, 1988], pp. 131–154). Consequently, in addition to altered aboveground biomass, one expects significant system responses to grazers, including altered plant community species composition, changed plant morphology and population structure, impacted nutrient cycles, and altered habitat structure in turn affecting animal species distributions both native and exotic. Examples of each of these responses are provided in this article. Our bibliography takes a decidedly grazer-centric view. Topics in grazing ecology are wide ranging, where both plant and grazer responses are studied as we attempt to integrate the many moving parts operating at multiple scales to understand responses from multiple perspectives. These include an understanding of the role of disturbances (fire, drought, herbivory), internal dynamics driving fire-grazer interactions, variable environmental conditions (especially primary production and rainfall), resource heterogeneity at multiple spatial scales, variable herbivore body size, different digestive physiologies of herbivores, sedentary presence and migratory movement of large mammalian herbivores in response to variable environmental conditions, and trophic control of food webs including bottom-up/top-down regulation with important roles for direct and indirect species interactions. Combined, many factors contribute to a range of equilibrial and nonequilibrial interpretations of key responses and patterns of grazing ecology with important implications for management and conservation of these systems worldwide. Much of grazing ecology focuses on the interactions of large mammal herbivores with vegetation structure and plant communities. Much less is known about invertebrate grazers, although they can be important participants as well. This article deals primarily with vertebrate grazers, factors affecting grazing dynamics, and examples of the effects of grazing on grassland structure and function.
This section provides a fundamental description and recognition of the importance of grazing systems as described by several seminal papers, and we also provide critical references on the ecology and feeding physiology of large herbivore grazers. After providing descriptions of the general system and grazer participants, we include a subsection of alternate conceptual views of grazing ecosystems with implications for grazer management and conservation. Bell 1971 provides an overview synthesis of grazer interactions and species behavioral ecology based on native species within the Serengeti, which is then further developed in McNaughton 1985, McNaughton and Georgiadis 1986, and Sinclair and Norton-Griffiths 1995 provides foundational insights into the stochastic nature of grazer populations and ecosystem ecology of grazing systems, and the role grazers have on ecosystem function and structure within the Serengeti. Frank, et al. 1998 builds on insights from the African Serengeti and compares the quintessential African grazing system to Yellowstone National Park in North America. Burkepile 2013 makes a persuasive and call for the consideration of insights learned from both aquatic and terrestrial grazing systems to be synthesized to improve conservation and restoration of grazing systems generally. Given the central place of large herbivores for understanding the topic, additional references provide a framework for large mammalian herbivores and their ecology. Owen-Smith 1992, van Soest 1994, Gordon and Prins 2008, and Prins and van Langevelde 2008 are foundational books that give overviews of the importance of large herbivores to ecosystem ecology in grazing systems; provide insight on nutritional ecology of ruminants, behavioral ecology, and evolutionary biology of ungulates occupying grazing ecosystems; and introduce key questions on the interaction of grazers and their resources at varying spatial and temporal scales.
Bell, R. H. V. 1971. A grazing ecosystem in the Serengeti. Scientific American 225:86–93.
Bell provides an important synthesis of a charismatic system on what was known about grazer communities at the time, especially regarding their synchrony with forage resources in space and time. Initial insights into forage maturation and nutritional ecology of wild ungulates are provided, triggering the development of key studies in this unique Serengeti ecosystem and elsewhere.
Burkepile, D. E. 2013. Comparing aquatic and terrestrial grazing ecosystems: Is the grass really greener? Oikos 122:306–312.
The provision of examples of how herbivory in aquatic systems facilitates primary production, herbivore richness, competition, and facilitation as seen in terrestrial ecosystems is crucial for understanding grazer ecology. By showcasing studies that highlight our understanding of top-down versus bottom-up control and alternative states, this review establishes a framework in wet or dry ecosystems for determining drivers of grazer foraging choices, which inevitably should facilitate ecosystem conservation and restoration.
Frank, D. A., S. J. McNaughton, and B. F. Tracy. 1998. The ecology of the Earth's grazing ecosystem. BioScience 48:513–521.
Functional components of grazing ecosystems in the Serengeti (East Africa) and Yellowstone National Park (North America) are compared. Primary topics include energy dynamics, seasonal migrations and the role of nutrition-rich green waves, grassland structure and grazing efficiency, feedbacks, regulation of above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) by grazers, sustainability of grazing systems, and human transformations and conservation challenges. Similarities and differences between these systems are examined in detail to seek general underlying patterns.
Gordon, I. J., and H. H. T. Prins. 2008. The ecology of browsing and grazing. Berlin: Springer.
An evolutionary biology–focused book that introduces evolutionary history, morphophysiological adaptations, ruminant nutritional ecology, comparative feeding behavior and population dynamics, and management techniques of browsers and grazers as well as their effects on plant evolution and ecology.
McNaughton, S. J. 1985. Ecology of a grazing ecosystem: The Serengeti. Ecological Monographs 55:259–294.
The grazing ecosystem in protected East African savanna (Kenya and Tanzania) is described with an emphasis on linking primary production and herbivory, including their critical interactions. Six general features emerge: (a) the stochastic nature of precipitation, grazing, nutrient availability, and fire; (b) fluctuations of primary production that produce an unpredictable food source for grazers; (c) nomadic lifestyles of mobile dominant grazers facilitate exploitation of constantly shifting resource base; (d) carrying capacity is not fixed independently of grazers because of their effect on primary productivity; (e) grazers influence the composition and diversity of vegetation; and (f) interactions lead to a more deterministic grazing food web than expected in such a variable environment.
McNaughton, S. J., and N. J. Georgiadis. 1986. Ecology of African grazing and browsing mammals. Annual Reviews in Ecology and Systematics 17:39–65.
A crucial resource for understanding the differences between African browsers and grazers and their interactions with resources. Distribution, life-history strategies, and abundance of these mammals in relation to biotic and abiotic factors common in Africa are discussed. Authors also touch on the role of grazers as ecosystem engineers.
Owen-Smith, R. N. 1992. Megaherbivores: The influence of very large body size on ecology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
This seminal book synthesizes studies in large herbivore ecology and most importantly raised questions on the role of body size in ungulate biology and the influence of megaherbivores on ecosystem processes.
Prins, H. H. T., and F. van Langevelde, eds. 2008. Resource ecology: Spatial and temporal dynamics of foraging. Wageningen UR Frontis Series 23. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science & Business Media.
A book about the ecology of trophic interactions between grazers and resources. Key researchers in the fields of spatial ecology of herbivore resources, foraging ecology, movement ecology, and nutritionally ecology inform readers about resource ecology, and critical questions in grazer ecology are remaining to be answered.
Sinclair, A. R. E., and M. Norton-Griffiths, eds. 1995. Serengeti: Dynamics of an ecosystem. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.
This is the first volume of a comprehensive, foundational series on the Serengeti grazing ecosystem and synthesizes the ecology, management, and conservation of the Serengeti ecosystem. The series progresses over a twenty-year period to continually update the areas of critical need and expands into the need to view the problem as a coupled human-natural system if the Serengeti is to be sustainable as a grazing system.
van Soest, P. J. 1994. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press.
This is a foundational text on nutritional ecology that highlights the importance of nutritional assessments to the ecology and biology of ruminants and other nonruminant herbivorous mammals. In turn, nutritional studies are placed in a historical context to highlight the effectiveness of nutritional approaches and their fundamental importance to issues of grazer conservation. Mechanistic causal interrelationships between plants and animals are emphasized.


text:
Q: How to implement unix ls -s command in C? I have to write a program in C which returns file size in blocks just like ls -s command.
Please help.
I tried using stat() function (st_blksize)...And I am unable to implement it.
My code looks like this
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <dirent.h>

void main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    DIR           *dp;
    struct dirent *dirp;
    struct stat    buf;

    if(argc < 2)
    {
        dp = opendir(".");
    }

    if(dp == NULL)
    {
        perror("Cannot open directory ");
        exit(2);
    }

    while ((dirp = readdir(dp)) != NULL)
    {
        printf("%s\n", dirp->d_name);
        if (stat(".", &buf))
        printf("%d ", buf.st_blksize);
    }

    closedir(dp);
    exit(0);
}

It is giving error buf size is not declared. Don't know what is the problem.
Addition
Thanks for the correction. I included the <sys/stat.h> header file. Now it is giving a warning:
warning: format '%d' expects type 'int', but argument 2 has type '__blksize_t'

I am new to C so can't make out what should be the possible solution.

A: You need to include the correct header:
#incude <sys/stat.h>

That declares the structure and associated functions.
Note that stat() returns zero on success, so your test needs changing (and, as @jsmchmier pointed out in a comment, the call to stat should probably use dirp->d_name rather than the string literal ".").  Also, st_blksize is the size of the disk blocks, not the size of the file - that is st_size (measured in bytes).
POSIX says:

off_t st_size           For regular files, the file size in bytes.
                          For symbolic links, the length in bytes of the
                          pathname contained in the symbolic link.
blksize_t st_blksize A file system-specific preferred I/O block size
                          for this object. In some file system types, this
                          may vary from file to file.
blkcnt_t st_blocks     Number of blocks allocated for this object.

Note that old (very old) versions of Unix did not support st_blksize or st_blocks.  I expect most current versions do.

Now it is giving a warning..warning: format '%d' expects type 'int', but argument 2 has type '__blksize_t'

The chances are that __blksize_t is an unisgned integer type similar to size_t.  I'd probably use a simple cast:
printf("Block size = %d\n", (int)buf.st_blksize);

Alternatively, if you have C99 available, you could use the facilities from <inttypes.h> to use a bigger size:
printf("Block size = %" PRIu64 "\n", (uint64_t)buf.st_blksize);

In practice, this is overkill; the block size is unlikely to exceed 2 GB this decade, so int is likely to be sufficient for the foreseeable future.

A: Open the file, and stat/fstat it. The struct field st_blocks should contain the information you want. If you're dealing with a directory, use opendir, readdir, closedir (posix)... Just pointers to start your work.
EDIT
Add unistd.h and sys/stat.h. Then remember that stat return 0 on success, so
if (stat(dirp->d_name, &buf) == 0)
and I've changed "." to the name of the "element", which is what you wanted, I suppose. Another change is to use st_blocks and not st_blksize, which says how big is each block (e.g. 1024 or 4096 or...), and -s returns the size in number of blocks, not the size of a block.
The fragment of code is of course incomplete: if you pass an argument, dp is not initialized and even dp == NULL can fail, you shoud have nullified it before:
    DIR           *dp = NULL;
    struct dirent *dirp = NULL;

A: From man 2 stat on my Mac OS X box:
NAME
     fstat, fstat64, lstat, lstat64, stat, stat64 -- get file status

SYNOPSIS
     #include <sys/stat.h>

     int
     fstat(int fildes, struct stat *buf);

Note the #include <sys/stat.h> which you have not done. No doubt the actual layout of struct stat is defined in there, which is what your compiler is complaining about.
This is one aspect of the man pages which is not always discussed with beginners but is very useful indeed: the whole unix API is documented in them. Oh, it is not always the easiest place to find a function when you know what it should do but don't know what it is called, but all the answers are there.

A: Careful, one bug in your code is that dp points to garbage and is only initialised if argc is less than 2, but you still try to use it in your while loop and you also try to closedir it. If you invoke your application with any arguments at all, it will probably crash.

A: To avoid the warning, change the %d to %ld in the line: printf("%d ", buf.st_blksize);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
//Problem 15.* Number calculations

//Modify your last program and try to make it work for any number type, not just integer (e.g. decimal, float, byte, etc.)
//Use generic method (read in Internet about generic methods in C#).

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

class NumbersCalculation
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Calculation(-1.23, 2, 3, 4, 5.236, -6, 7, 8, 9);
    }

    static void Calculation<T>(params T[] numbers) where T : IComparable
    {
        T min = numbers[0];
        T max = numbers[0];
        decimal average = 0;
        dynamic sum = 0;
        dynamic product = 1;
        for (int i = 0; i < numbers.Length; i++)
        {
            if (numbers[i].CompareTo(min) < 0)
            {
                min = numbers[i];
            }
            if (numbers[i].CompareTo(min) > 0)
            {
                max = numbers[i];
            }
            sum += numbers[i];
            product *= numbers[i];
        }
        average = (decimal)sum / numbers.Length;

        Console.WriteLine("Given set of integers number is: {0}", string.Join(", ", numbers) );
        Console.WriteLine("Minimum = {0}", min);
        Console.WriteLine("Maximum =  {0}", max);
        Console.WriteLine("Average = {0}", average);
        Console.WriteLine("Sum = {0}", sum);
        Console.WriteLine("Product = {0}", product);

    }
}


text:
Police hand over teenage prostitutes, others to NAPTIP
in Metro, News
Four days after the Ogun State Police Command clamped down on Kolab Hotel in Itele-Ota, where 22 teenage girls used as prostitutes were rescued, investigation has revealed that business activities have resumed within the premises.
Insecurity: Ex-defence minister Batagarawa, others insist elections must hold
Flutterwave promises promotion for small scale businesses in Africa through BB Titans
According to sources within the community, the hotel, located on the Kogi/Ejigun road, Kolab Bus Stop, Itele, as at Monday morning, had opened for business despite the allegation of housing teenage sex workers.
Last Friday, the police, based on credible information, stormed the brothel, where it was discovered that the minors, between 10 and 14 years, lured from Akwa Ibom State, were used as commercial sex workers.
The state Police Public Relations Officer, DSP Abimbola Oyeyemi, in a statement, said the command, coordinated by the Area Commander Ota, ACP Muhideen Obe, stormed the hotel around 8.00p.m. on Friday and rescued the 22 victims.
Oyeyemi said from the teenager's confessions, it was discovered that they were lured from their respective villages in Akwa Ibom to Ogun State with a promise to employ them as sales girls in restaurants and supermarkets.
"On interrogation, the girls narrated how they were lured from their respective villages in Akwa Ibom State to come to Ogun State, with the promise to employ them as sales girls in restaurants and supermarkets, only for them to get to Lagos and transferred to a brothel in Ogun as commercial sex workers.
"The manager of the hotel, one Isaac Ogbaji, 33, and 10 other male suspects were also arrested during the operation."
The PPRO told The Guardian yesterday that the victims and those arrested had been handed over to the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP) for further action.
When the PPRO was informed that the hotel had been re-opened for business, he said: "It doesn't necessarily need for the hotel to be locked, but if there is need to do so, the NAPTIP will use its initiative.
"Our duty was to rescue those victims, unite them with their families and to bring those behind the act to justice. So, we don't necessarily need to close the business premises, provided they do not continue the act. If they repeat it, we'll go back there, raid the hotel and lock it."
PSC receives #EndSARS report, to investigate alleged police misconduct
Stakeholders identify 'Okada' as security threat, move against riders in Lagos
Our terrible choices may come back to haunt us – A Review of Adebayo Abidemi Zainab's The Sting of Passion
Ligue 1: Moffi Missing As Lorient Edge Rennes
Suffering is evil – Omotola laments after leaving Nigeria


text:
Q: Android, HTTP POST request to Drupal back-end I have a problem while trying to implement a communication by means of HTTP request.
More precisely, I've used the Volley library and this is my client-side request:
StringRequest sr = new StringRequest(Request.Method.POST, "http://mysite/mydrupalservice",
                                        new Response.Listener<String>() {
                                            @Override
                                            public void onResponse(String response) {
                                                Log.w("CheckinFragment. POST call, RESPONSE:", String.valueOf(response));
                                            }
                                        },
                                        new Response.ErrorListener() {
                                            @Override
                                            public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
                                                VolleyLog.e("CheckinFragment. POST call, ERROR:", String.valueOf(error));
                                            }
                                        }){

                                    @Override
                                    protected Map<String,String> getParams()
                                    {
                                        Map<String,String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
                                        params.put("action", "something");
                                        params.put("access_token", "something");
                                        params.put("activity", "1");
                                        return params;
                                    }

                                    @Override
                                    public Map<String, String> getHeaders() throws AuthFailureError
                                    {
                                        Map<String,String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
                                        headers.put("Accept", "application/json");
                                        headers.put("Content-Type","application/json; charset=utf-8");
                                        headers.put("Connection", "keep-alive");
                                        return headers;
                                    }
                                };

                                // add the request object to the queue to be executed
                                Controller.getInstance().addToRequestQueue(sr);`

This code is correctly executed from Android-side, but the response received is the following:
BasicNetwork.performRequest: Unexpected response code 404 for http://mysite/myservice
android.volley.AuthFailureError.

I've tried to use http://httpbin.org/ to test my client-side code and it works correctly.
So, I thought that the problem might be server-side.
If I try to perform a HTTP request with POST parameters, using for example Firefox's extension Poster, I receive the correct response from the server.
Looking at 401 error code, I thought that the service previously created on Drupal would require an authentication by the user, but that option was previously disabled.
I don't know how to solve this problem, anyone does?
Thank you for your attention

A: Maybe try to use url encoded? For example:
    @Override
    public Map<String, String> getHeaders() throws AuthFailureError {
        Map<String,String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
        params.put("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); // try this
        return params;
    }