Just wanted to say a big thank you for keeping the company alive. Theres alot of tradition in your helmets. I take great pride in wearing my 880 on the job. I would love to see a remake of the 350 senator using composite materials. These would look great if that could be done. Well to everyone reading be safe and God bless.
We have been lucky enough to acquire a retired pumper for my two sons. Especially important to my son Stephen as he has Autism and finds great calm in all things related to the fire service! He loves looking at my Leather New Yorker all Battle Scared and retired after 10 years of service and I was forced to start wearing a NFPA compliant helmet (unfortunately not a leather and worse yet not one of yours!) I digress I wish to share a photo with you all a coue of shots of my boys wearing their favorite helmets. They each have several but these are their favorites! They are the Cairns Philidelphian 770. Thanks for making a rock solid product line to help firefighters and EMS providers keep coming home to their famies!!
June of 1981 I started wearing a Cairns, my first was a metal style new Yorker, silver , then red when I became an officer, in 1982 I bought my first new Yorker and used it until 2004 when I left as chief. but have continued to wear a black leather new Yorker until today. I own 10 leathers from antiques to my latest new Yorker white 5a , I am going back in as chief in 2016 so I bought a new white one with Gold leaf front.
This helmet belonged to FDNY Battalion Chief John Kirwin. He was a member of the department from 1904 to 1937. He attained the rank of Battalion Chief in 1931 and was assigned to the 12th Battalion in 1932.
Beautiful 1989 fully refurbished and refinished in mid-gloss with classic old school hardware and shape.
Congratulations from all of us at Garrison Fire to Chief Buckley of Cairo FD on his wedding day! The Cairns 1044 helmet shown was purchased by the his son, AC John Buckley for the special day. Best wishes!
M medallion Cairns and Brothers 5A New Yorker. This helmet was worn by my Dad a 30 year veteran of the department. It's stood the rigors of the 1970's till today 2014. It will be getting refurbished this year. Love the helmet love the tradition and pride along with it.
i started of as an volunteer fire fighter during the summer of 2002.I am from South Africa) - couldnt add my country so I add Canda and I think Illionos) That stage I used the pacific kevlar helmets which our department issued to us - I was never happy with that helmet untill 2005 when i became a fulltime firefighter - I did my research on fire helmets and find the best ever - the CAIRNS 880 traditional ....there is just this something about a fireman and his helmet,about this helmet - I want to say thank you to CAIRNS for making the best structural fire helmets ever - I still use a yellow CAIRNS 880 traditional( although it is burnt on the one side) I will change that one for nothing else.... she can so many untold stories.....each one in the brotherhood of fireman will know - a fireman wear his CAIRNS with pride on his head - SO MOTE IT BE.
Foster Center Volunteer Fire Company.
Cairns helmets have protected me since I was A Jr. Firefighter in 1991. As a volunteer fireman I have gone from a Jr to Deputy Chief. Cairns has allways been the helmet of choice.
Hello, My story isn't anything spectacular, but to me it means alot. I'm only 20 years old, new guy, Joined when I was 16. Ever since I joined I wanted a Leather so bad like any other new guy. I had the opportunity to buy one several times over the past 4 years but plans changed... recently i got "The Itch" to get one and I was absolutely determined to get one. Well a very good friend of mine knew I wanted a Leather and he had a Used Cairns N6A that he bought used when he first joined. New Years day we went down to the firehouse to hang out a little and he brought his leather with him and tole me he wanted to work on it. I went on doing my own thing while he was working on his helmet. About 30 minutes later he called me back to the Dive Shed. I walked back there to see that he had put my Frontace off of my helmet on his leather and said here you go. My friend didn't as for anything in return. That shows me that with everything thats going on in this world there are still people who still care about other people.. I guess what I'm getting at is that I know that this helmet really meant alot to him. I was to return the favor and get him a N6A,Or fix up the one he gave me and give it back. The Sheild Holder is all bent and damaged so I was looking around to get the Carved Eagle Holder for it.
I Have 2 old leather helmets a 93 Sam Houston and a 92 New Yorker. Both are still in active service. I have been to too many HOTTTTT structure fire to count and they are still stong as ever. They have all been refurbished and still going. You make the best helmets known to man and God Bless you all.
When i took over as the Buyer for the Departments PPE i was faced with a staff of just over 20 and some how only 6 Cairns 1044 Helmets and 2 Cairns 880 Helmets. The others were donning the "Modern Brain Buckets" as we knew them as they were Simply Modern Style (Competitors) helmets. A couple of Firefighters had private owned Traditional helmets made by another competitor but they were way too heavy to be comfortable. When it came time for me to liquidate the old PPE and order the new standard of PPE i was proud to make Cairns 1044 Deluxe with Defender Visor my prime choice of my orders. As some time has gone by i have already had to replace and repair other articles of PPE but the Helmets have held strong and show little wear even on my roughest of Firefighters. Because of my time and experience with Cairns Helmets i am proud to say this January i will be outfitting five new probies with the Cairns Helmets and placing a True Leather Helmet with Goggles & Bourkes on my wishlist!
I love cairns Helmets. They have always stood up to everything i put them through from my 880, 1010 and my New Yorker leather. Excellent products and great company. I love the history and like collecting helmets from cairns.
My father wore a leather (I beleve it is an N5A) in Chicago. And as soon as I come into some money I will be buying either an N5A or a N6A.
I have been working on leather helmets for awhile now and truly enjoy this hobby. A fellow firefighter asked me if I could restore an old lid he found at the dump. I was sure surprised to see what he had and knew I had quite a challenge. Here is a 'before' pic. I have since fully restored this piece of history and she is honorably and properly retired on an office wall. I am guessing the helmet is from the early 50's? Would love to find out more. Is there any way to date an old leather? I can send some 'after' pics but do not know how to add multiple pics in this entry. Please let me know if I can add.
My Cairns helmet got me through probie school!
The Cairns 880 in this picture has since been taken out of service after 3 years in service. Thankfully it never had anything too serious to protect me from,other than my clumsiness, but from the color of it, I'm glad I had it on my head. Now using the department's "stock" helmet while wishing for a N5A New Yorker.
I' am a firefighter who started off as an explorer in a near by town to where I' am working now. I have enrolled in a program with Chichester Fire-Rescue where a student (me being the student) will move into the fire house and live there for two years while I attend Lakes region community college for my fire science degree. I have achieved Firefighter I EMT-B Instructor I and many other certifications that are relevant to having in my career. I plan on attending Keene state university for the OSHA program and earn my Bachelors degree while attending being enrolled in another two year Residency Program with the Swanzey Fire Dept. I have wanted to be a firefighter my whole life and I am blessed that I have had the opportunities in my life so far and I want to continue to do this job for the rest of my life. It truly is the best job in the world. Cairns has provided some of my brothers and sisters with unmatched protection from Firefighter environments countless times and I and so thankful that there is a company out there still todays that makes their product in the Best country in the world, The United States of America! And it always will be. As well as the unmatched quality there goes into every product that they make day in and day out. Thank you Cairns for allowing me to share just a fraction of my life as it is so far and how your company has kept my family safe!
I was rookie chief standing on the top of a RIT training trailer looking down when one of the guys took the shot. Ten years later still I remember the training and the tuck and roll I did out of the trailer window. No doubt the helmet saved my head during those acrobats.
First photo taken when I took delivery of my N5A. Placed on the front bumper of Tower 501.
Many firefighters at the station i am an explorer at recommend cairns again, and again for being the best fire helmets out there.
My father just recently retired from the fire service after 36 years full-time, 41 years total. For the last 34 years the two helmets that he used were both Cairns New Yorkers that protected his head and kept him safe in the line of duty. Other then a little smoke and heat damage from many years of fire, structurally they are in great shape and have held up well to many years. When he retired the only thing that he wanted was to keep his helmets as they are his prized possessions. When I graduated college with my degree is Fire Science he asked what I wanted for a graduation gift and I of course asked for my own Cairns N5a.
Hello everybody my name is Jeremy i have grown up in the fire service. my father is a veteran of 25 years in it. And throughout his and my career in it we have always relied Cairns helmets. As of now he has a 1010 and I have a 1044 my first helmet that he gave to me is a 1010 that i have hanging up on my wall. One day i hope to be able to have the honor of wearing a new yorker.
Here is my story, At my old department my helmet was my protector, and I treated it with pride everyday. Well one day right at shift change, I had my gear out on the ramp, next to Engine 5 and was distracted by one of my firefighters needing assistance. I then told my Driver to meet me over at our next door station with Engine 5, and we would then head out for our morning training evolution. I was at the other station speaking with my firefighter, and I noticed my Driver walking over to the station carrying something. When he opened the door he showed me my beautiful helmet, which was crushed by Engine 5. I was very upset by this because I put the helmet and gear by the truck, and my Driver did not do a walk around before leaving the ramp. So this was a lesson learned on both parts. The most upsetting thing was I lost my pride and joy and also I paid for this helmet with my own money, and now I am at a new department that can only afford the cheaper helmets. So all I can say is I hope my story helps out, and I hope will see a new helmet in the future. Thank you, and be safe!!
I have been a pround owner of carins products since I got into the fire service 6 years ago. I started with a 1010 then went to a 880 when wy department swithced to a different manufacturers helmet. I then moved up to a '91 new yorker that I refinished myself. I love this helmet but fear I will have to retire it due to it not meeting requirements. In my eyes carins products are the gold stadard when it comes to technology, comfort, and customer service.
My Dad is almost 77 years old, and he is a long time collector of all things firefighter related, especially helmets and helmet shields. This Christmas I got him a beautiful vintage Cairns from Florida Rescue 1, but I don't have any details on it. I was wondering if anyone knew anything about it. It came from Brooklyn, but from someone that was selling a collection he bought. So, he didn't have any details. My dad loves to know the history behind his pieces and write up little signs as he displays them in his room. Both he and I have a great respect for all the men and women that serve as firefighters.
I have worn Cairns helmets for 15 yrs. A year ago, I inherited a Cairns leather helmet with a date of 1893 on the center medallion. This helmet was my great, great uncles when he was on the job in Secaucus, NJ. It is an awesome feeling to look at the history from that helmet to the current Cairns 880 that I wear on the job today. Thank you for being an American tradition!
I can't wait until I can lose this blue smurf colored cadet helmet! When my training is complete and I become a full time member of our department, I will be sure to get a Cairns Chicago 880 just like my grandpa and my older brother wear. It is like a family tradition!
I am the Assistant Chief of a volunteer fire department in Illinois. I am responsible for purchasing PPE for the firefighters, and I only buy Cairns Helmets. I have worn helmets from other manufacturers in the past, but nothing wears like a Cairns Helmet! I personally wear the Cairns 880 and I recently bought a special one; one for my daughter who is 15 years old and an explorer with the department. I trust Cairns to take care of her.
We are proud to say that we have and will continue to use Cairns helmets. I took this picture of my son when he was 3 years old. He has and will continue to love the fire service as I do and have since I was a kid myself. I always get comments on the pic and thought I might share it with you guys. Thanks for helping protect and keep all within our family safe.
I am a 15 year member of the Fire Service. My career so far has been filled with Cairns. From the first time that I put on my fathers helmet which is when I became hooked on Cairns. I will never choose anything else. I own six of my own helmets. I also have a Cairns charm that I wear on my necklace with my St. Flourian for good luck. My love for Cairns has been picked up by my Fire Department. My Chief just purchased new Cairns 1010s for every Firefighter. We all are proud of the Cairns name. Thank you for keeping me safe in the past and in the future.
I was wondering if any one could help? I've been actively involved in the fire service for 10 years and collecting antique fire fighting equipment since I've been a little kid. I've always admired my father's extensive helmet collecting, so I've been focusing on expanding mine. I recently found an early model Cairns and Brothers Aluminum 350 Senator. The roadblock I've run in to is putting a date to my unique find. I've found some information and different changes that the Senator helmet line has gone through (like the old versions have minimal rivets, no ear flaps, and no chin strap) which mine is similar to. My main reason for this post is to hopefully gain more information about what I have found. Either way, the research I've been doing has increased the passion for something I've grown to care so much about. Thanks.
I started the fire service with an N5A New Yorker and its the best a fire fighter can get, its rugged durability and safety are proven every time the alarm goes off. I just wouldn't feel safe with out it. Cairns has been a part of my family and continues from my uncle fighting fires in the Bronx and Spanish Harlem to me and soon my younger brother. It would be great if my younger brother can join the Cairns family with his very own Cairns N5A New Yorker.
"Back in the Day" FDNY used to have what was called CFC's or Combination Fire companies. They only ran for a few years, but Cairns made these helmet fronts for them as well as supplied FDNY with helmets at that time. This is reported to be the only known "complete set" of the CFC fronts known to exist at this time, and were given to me by "Old Sam" at the Cairns plant in Clifton, N.J. Above them is also another Cairns artifact of a Cairns helmet front from Satellite One of the old Super Pumper System. Definitely some rare items.
Me with my Cairns 880 helmet which has served me well for the past 7 years. Its an honor to wear a helmet that has such a deep root in the fire service. Regardless of the outcome, thank you for keeping the tradition alive.
This is a Cairns & Brother helmet that was given to me when I was very young from a retired firefighter from a suburb of Detroit. This helmet was used during the Detroit riots.
I think a brotherhood is forged from helmets and patches that bring us closer together the tradition of the Cairns 1044 that we wear. Thanks cairns for doing a great job.
This one of two helmets I've worn. I wore this white one for 9 years as a LT. in my volunteer fire department in Connecticut. I have seen many fires and commanded lots of car wrecks in those nine years. A leather helmet is a part of the fire departments tradition that I feel is being put to the way side with lighter helmets. The saying "leather forever" for me is a true statement. If it is not a leather helmet it doesn't go on my head in a fire.
I've had Cairns helmets for my whole career. My father wore them for his 29 years in the fire service. I currently have a 880 Chicago. I have always wanted a N5A New Yorker. Just the tradition and stories that go along with such beautiful helmets that are handmade with care and pride. Your company is the highest quality maker of fire service equipment and I would be proud to wear one of your helmets.
I have used Cairns Fire helmets over the last 20 years in the fire service as well as the past 5 generations of my family. Thanks for protecting the Keppler family heads for over 150 years.
Each and every day we send folks to calls, we are confident in the headgear we are wearing. We employ 97 shift personnel who answer the call, conduct live burn training, and rely on the 175 years of tradition, engineering, and the quality of Cairns products.
The Helmet that started it all. When I was born into this world in 1975 my father was already a firefighter. He volunteered as a firefighter here on the West side of Indianapolis with the Wayne Township Fire Department. He kept his first helmet and gave it to me at the age of 3 when he replaced it with a Leather Cairns. I wore and carried that helmet every where I went as a child, hell, I grew up with my father's helmet. I know that over the years staring at that helmet and growing up around the fire service greatly influenced my choice to become a Firefighter. I joined the US Army to become a Firefighter and have served our beloved country as one for 15 years now as one. I also was lucky enough after going through a rigorous hiring process and recruitment school, to get hired onto the now, Full time Career Department of Wayne Township. The very same Department in which my father volunteered over 18 years of his life for free I became a part of as Professional Firefighter. Upon completion of the Fire Academy here at Wayne, I was issued my own Cairns 880. I have used the same helmet for over 5 years now. It has been pieced and glued back together over its years of service to our community because of a loyalty to a brand, a tradition, and a helmet I grew up with. That helmet will be my son's helmet when I can someday have my own Leather just as my Father did. My Hero and his Helmet started a Second Generation of Firefighters and what is soon to be a third with my son as he too has already made up his mind. I have kept my Fathers helmet my entire life over 35 years now and restored it to OEM to the best of my capabilities. It now hangs proudly on my wall of Firefighting Achievements where it will be passed down. A Cairns MSA Helmet, an original skull cap and protector of firefighting knowledge. Ours will never to leave our family, so as to stand for a purpose, a reason and a man and his helmet who started it all for us, the Walker Firefighting Clan.
We wear the Cairns 1044. These helmets provide great protection. I submitted a picture of my self when we were training probies. I like these helmets because they are light weight and provide good protection while keeping the tradition at the same time. Thank you for all your hard work and keep it up.
Hi My name is Ralston. Today I'm going to tell you a story about my Twin Brother and His Cairns 1010. Myself and my twin brother Mason are premature. We were born 27 weeks early. I weighed 2lbs, 3oz and Mason weighed 2lbs, 2oz. We were so small my Dad could hold us in his hand and take his wedding ring and put it all the way up are arms. We were in the Hospital for 3 months. I came home first, but my brother came home a couple of week's after I did. My brother got the bad end of things when he was being born. He had to have open heart surgery when he was 3 days old and had surgery on his intestine. The doctors told my mother my twin brother would never be able to sit up or walk, he would be blind and would never be able to be on his own when he got older. But, God proved the doctors wrong! Today on February 15, 2011 my Brother is a Junior Firefighter with me and will be one for a year on February 23, 2011. He is not blind. He can walk on his own. He can run (not as fast as the normal person but it's running for him). My twin brother is the most caring and loving person you will ever meet. He will do anything for you!! If he can't, he will do his best. I love my Brother with all my heart. I don't know what i would do without him, but God has Blessed me with him for 15 Years now. My Father has been in the Fire Service for 23 Years now. We grew up in it, and we love every bit of it. My Brother has a Yellow Cairns 1010. One of the Captions at my Department gave it to him and said he could use it for anything he wanted to. My brother has been on fires and wrecks and woods fires. I know he will be safe wearing his Cairns Helmet, and I'm glad there are people in God's world that would put people on this earth to make Cairns helmets and etc. To protect myself and my brother. I'm happy to say that my brother is alive today and is with me everyday!. i just wanted to say thank you for reading my story and thank you for all you guys and girls do. God bless all of my brothers and sisters in the Fire and Medical service. Your brother, Ralston.
I got my first leather about a year and half ago and it has seen a lot of work since then. I love wearing it because its a huge symbol in the tradition in the fire service and I'm all about that and the brotherhood of the job. I am currently trying to get a new one one due to the fact that i don't wanna ruin what my helmet has seen and to keep nice to give to my son one day.
My Father is a retired Captain he wore a Cairns classic 1000 for 25 years. Every time he came home after a shift, we used to fight over who got to wear his helmet so we could play firefighter. Now that I am firefighter myself and have my own helmet, I like to think its like we are passing on a torch from one generation to another.
Lake Mishnock Fire Dept, Potterville Fire Dept.
Hi name is Joshua Etchells. I joined the fire dept 7 years ago. I joined the fire dept so that I could follow in my great grandfathers foot steps. He was a providence firefighter for the state of RI. He passed away before I could ever talk to him about the fire dept. I'm on two volunteer fire stations and I've always wanted my own gear like my great grandfather had.
Proud to wear my Sam Houston. Trusted for 175 years.
In the photo i added there are 3 generations of cairns N5A New Yorker helmets still being used to this day by these members of my company. i will never buy any other helmet except for cairns. this picture was taken in mid july of 2010.
That's my dad and me. My dad is in a Cairns 1010.
I'm 21 years old and I've been in the fire service for 3 years now. All I have used has been Cairns helmets. My dad has been in the fire service for 30 years and cairns is the only fire helmet he has ever used. It's a great helmet and they all fit comfortably. I currently have three Cairns helmets and i use all of them at different times because I'm with three different Fire Departments, and they all have Cairns helmets as well. Over all its a great helmet and i will never have a different name brand helmet.
My story is not that of one where the helmet saved me, rather the helmet made me feel safe and proud. Every time the alarm activated, I knew we made the right decision when we ordered the new helmets. My Cairns 1010 with the 4 inch faceshield was a symbol of tradition and pride, it was lightweight, compared to other models on the market.
Our volunteer department recently celebrated 30 years of service (1979-2009). Our departments first helmets were Cairns 910P's, and kept us safe for over 2 decades. We keep one of the helmets in the firehouse to remind everyone how much things have changed over the last 30 years. We still use Carins/MSA helmets to protect our firefighters. Happy 175th birthday!
My father used a N5A New Yorker Fire Helmet for his entire career as a firefighter. I have since been given his helmet of which does not meet standards of today;s firefighter. I have seen this helmet go through so much and withstand heat and a lot of on the job time and it stood the test of time for many years. I too would love to have the experience of a New Yorker style helmet but just can't spend the money on one at this time. Thanks to cairns and the New Yorker for fine craftsmanship and quality.
When I first got a fire job it was with Uniontown Fire Dept. And all probies got tactical tupperware from Bullard. Even in probie school I wore one. You could feel the heat right through it even in in the burn building. But after we were on the dept for a year we finaly earned our Cairns 1010. I was like a kid at Christmas. Then we had a structure fire one night. I threw on my pac and lid and went in with my partner. This fire was a hot one. And we were going up stairs. When we got to the top of the stairs, my head was cool and I couldn't feel the heat. I had to stand up at the top of the steps to pull some hose around the corner. I reached up and could feel the brass eagle but no leather shield. When i went to rehab i found my leather shield had melted and my reflector had as well but the whole time I was fine my head was nice and cool and comfortable. When I went back in I just went back up and fixed my shield and stayed low. Cairns will forever be my helmet company of choice. We even use them at my new dept in Hartville. But I have always wanted to be a leather head.
For 25 years my dad, Paul Nye, a 30 year vetern of McCandless Fire/ Rescue in Pittsburgh, Pa has been using an original New Yorker that has been through countless number of fires and rescues that McCandless has faced throught out his years of service. He has been in all ranks for the Highland Firemans Association in McCandless with his leather helmet. Currently Paul is working with Allegheny County Airport Authority as a firefighter/EMT for the past several years.
My husband and I just got married in June and he hauled his Cairns helmet all the way from Alaska to Idaho where we got married. He looked so sharp in his Class A uniform and the helmet was something that was important to us as a symbol that we wanted in our wedding. In the last four years we have been about 3000 miles apart because he found a great university program for firefighters in Alaska. We got him a leather helmet because he felt safer wearing it than the plastic ones. His Cairns helmet has been a symbol to us that this career is more than that, it is more than a job, it is a lifestyle and something that my husband loves to do. That helmet to us is a symbol of the sacrifices that we made for him to be the best fireman he could be. To be able to do his job to the best of his ability and to be safe doing it. I am so proud of my husband. He puts his all into his job and then when he is off, he volunteers at another station. He loves what he does and I love being part of it and supporting him. I am so glad I married him and that even though we had to be separated by distance for a while, it was worth it for him to become the fireman he is today. He has worked really hard to get to where he is and I could not be more proud of him!


This link offers a collection of introductory mindfulness resources from mindful.com, including information on meditation and breathing. The page offers videos, audio recordings, and articles to read.
"Mindfulness: Getting Started." The Mindful team at Mindful Magazine.


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text:
package org.openas2.logging;

import org.openas2.OpenAS2Exception;
import org.openas2.Session;
import org.openas2.message.Message;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * class to write log meesage to a socket
 *
 * @author joseph mcverry
 * @since october 2007.
 */
public class SocketLogger extends BaseLogger {

    public final static String PARAM_PORTID = "portid";
    public final static String PARAM_IPADDDR = "ipaddr";
    public final static int iQUEUESIZE = 100;

    private int port = 0;
    private String ipAddr = null;

    public void init(Session session, Map<String, String> parameters) throws OpenAS2Exception {
        super.init(session, parameters);
        String portID = getParameter(PARAM_PORTID, true);
        ipAddr = getParameter(PARAM_IPADDDR, true);
        try {
            port = Integer.parseInt(portID);
        } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
            throw new OpenAS2Exception(PARAM_PORTID + " is not a valid integer value, see \"" + portID + "\"", nfe);
        }

    }

    public void doLog(Level level, String msgText, Message as2Msg) {
        sendToSocket(getFormatter().format(level, msgText + (as2Msg == null ? "" : as2Msg.getLogMsgID())));
    }

    public void sendToSocket(String msgText) {

        try {
            Socket sckt = new Socket(ipAddr, port);
            OutputStream os = sckt.getOutputStream();
            os.write(msgText.getBytes());
            os.flush();
            os.close();
            sckt.close();

        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {

            // don't do anything.

        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    protected String getShowDefaults() {
        return VALUE_SHOW_ALL;
    }

    protected void doLog(Throwable t, boolean terminated) {
        sendToSocket(getFormatter().format(t, terminated));
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
\section*{Abstract}
A reanalysis is made for the helium abundance determination for the
Izotov-Thuan (2004) spectroscopic sample of extragalactic H II regions.
We find that the effect of underlying stellar absorption of the He I lines,
which is more important for metal poor systems, affects
significantly the inferred primordial helium abundance $Y_p$
obtained in the zero metallicity limit and the slope of
linear extrapolation, $dY/dZ$. This brings $Y_p$
 from $0.234\pm0.004$ to $0.250\pm 0.004$ and $dY/dZ=4.7\pm 1.0$ to
$1.1\pm 1.4$.  Conservatively, this indicates the importance of the
proper understanding
of underlying stellar absorption for accurate determinations
of the primordial helium
abundance to the error of $\delta Y_p\simeq 0.002-0.004$.

\keywords{galaxies: abundances - H II regions -ISM: abundances}

\section{Introduction}
Izotov and Thuan (2004; hereinafter IT04) presented the primordial
helium abundance
$Y_p=0.242\pm0.002$, consistently with their earlier publications
(Izotov and Thuan 1998, and references therein),
 from helium recombination lines in metal poor extragalactic HII
regions. This is significantly higher than the earlier
values given by a number of authors (Pagel et al. 1992;
Olive et al. 1997;
Peimbert et al. 2000), yet is significantly
lower by three standard deviations
than the expectation from
the baryon abundance constrained from CMB temperature anisotropies (Spergel
et al. 2003) with the aid of Big-Bang nucleosynthesis \footnote{We adopt
here the neutron lifetime from the
conventional decay counting of ultra cold neutrons (Eidelman et al.
2004).}.
Particularly intriguing is the small errors which are common
to nearly all analyses. We suspect that this might not represent
properly the error including systematics.

IT04 provided high quality spectroscopic data for 33 HII regions
detailed enough for us
to repeat the analysis. In this paper we are particularly concerned
with the effect induced by underlying stellar
absorption on nebula helium emission lines that is poorly constrained.
Our analysis is along the line of Peimbert et al. (2002) and
Olive and Skillman (2004; hereinafter OS04),
who introduced the helium absorption strength as a free parameter,
although ours are somewhat more conservative. OS04 and
Peimbert et al. (2000; 2002)
presented an analysis in which plasma temperature is also
determined by the helium emission lines alone. However, this,
in principle proper approach given accurate data, induces
large errors in the resulting helium abundance with the
present accuracy of the available data for distant HII regions,
and a trend that
might be brought about with the inclusion of stellar absorption
is buried in the noise. Since we do not see a compelling reason
that plasma temperatures from helium and oxygen are significantly
different,
we take the approach that plasma
temperature is determined by the ratio of oxygen emission lines,
as was done in most of the work including IT04, and study the
effect of stellar absorption by introducing it as
a free parameter. We show that $Y_p$ and $dY/dZ$
are very sensitive to the introduction of the underlying
stellar absorption of the helium lines.

\section{Data and procedures of the analysis}

We consider 30 of the 33 H II regions given in IT04,\footnote{%
We do not include the sample of Izotov \& Thuan (1998) because
the equivalent widths are not provided for the recombination lines.}
discarding 3 H II regions
(UM133, Mrk1063, HS0111+2115), for which He I $\lambda$4026 line is not
detected. We also add NGC346 (Region A) studied by Peimbert et al. (2000).
The 31 H II regions we studied are shown in Table 1, where our
final results are also presented. The plasma temperature of OIII is
determined from the ratio of [O III] emissions $\lambda$4363 versus
$\lambda\lambda$4959,5007. The extinction
and stellar absorption of H I Balmer lines are derived from
H$\alpha$, H$\beta$, H$\gamma$ and H$\delta$ using the recombination
calculation of Hummer \& Storey (1987) for the intrinsic
line intensity ratios $I(\lambda)/I({\rm H}\beta)$, as
\begin{equation}
\frac{I({\rm H}\lambda)}{I({\rm H}\beta)}=
\frac{F(\lambda)}{F({\rm H}\beta)}
\frac{W({\rm H}\lambda)+a_{\rm HI}}{W({\rm H}\beta)+a_{\rm HI}}
\frac{W({\rm H}\beta)}{W({\rm H}\lambda)}
10^{f(\lambda)c_{{\rm H}\beta}}.
\label{eq:Hemis}
\end{equation}
where $F(\lambda)$ is the observed line intensity, $W(\lambda)$ is the
equivalent width, $a_{\rm HI}$ is the stellar absorption and
$f(\lambda)c_{{\rm H}\beta}$ is the extinction relative to H$\beta$.
The inclusion of H9 and higher
Balmer lines, where available, does not modify the result beyond our interest.
H8 is blended with He I$\lambda$3889, and equation (\ref{eq:Hemis}) is
used to deblend the helium line. We discard H7 that is deblended with
[Ne III].
We use the extinction curve of O'Donnel (1994), but the use of
the different extinction curve leads only to
a small difference that can be ignored here.

We consider six He I lines, five lines for orthohelium
$\lambda$3890 ($3s\rightarrow 2p$),
$\lambda$4026 ($5d\rightarrow 2p$),
$\lambda$4471 ($4d\rightarrow 2p$), $\lambda$5875 ($3d\rightarrow 2p$),
$\lambda$7065 ($3s\rightarrow 2p$),
and one line for parahelium
$\lambda$6678 ($3d\rightarrow 2p$).
The $\lambda$3890 and $\lambda$7065 are sensitive to a fluorescent
correction and thus to the radiative transfer.
$\lambda$4026 is generally  weak, susceptible largely to
stellar absorption.
We use the effective
recombination coefficients of Benjamin et al. (1999), which include
collisional excitation, and the radiative transfer calculation of
Benjamin et al. (2002) for fluorescent corrections, $f_\lambda$,
which is controlled by the optical depth $\tau(3890)$.
We calculate
the abundance of singly ionised helium as
\begin{equation}
y^+=\frac{F({\rm HeI}\lambda)}{F({\rm H}\beta)}
\frac{I({\rm H}\beta)} {I({\rm HeI}\lambda)}
\frac{W({\rm H}\beta)}{W({\rm H}\beta)+a_{\rm HI}}
\frac{W({\rm HeI}\lambda)+a_{\rm HeI}}{W({\rm HeI}\lambda)}
10^{f(\lambda)c_{{\rm H}\beta}}\frac{1}{f_\lambda}.
\end{equation}
This is the same as that adopted by OS04 and that by IT04 up to
the inclusion of $a_{\rm HeI}$. We do not know what ratios
are to be taken for $a_{\rm HeI}$ for different lines.
We assume here that all absorption
strengths are identical in equivalent strengths, as was done in OS04.
This is probably not too bad an approximation in view
of the observation for absorption in B stars (Lennon et al. 1993;
Lyubimkov et al. 2000)
and the
size of the resulting errors in our calculation
that amount to $\approx$50\% of the
central values: more detailed line ratios are the matter at a
higher order level.
We refer to Olive \& Skillman (2001) for more detailed
discussion for this issue.

Our method of analysis differs from the usual one to find the parameters.
We find the best likelihood solution in full four parameter space
$y^+$, $n_e$ (electron density), $a_{\rm HeI}$ and $\tau$ for
six lines, rather than minimising the sum of $\chi^2$ for each
line, which has been adopted in the literature, for the purpose to
take the correlation among the lines into account. The electron
density is poorly constrained, but its indeterminacy
affects the resulting $Y$ little due to its very weak dependence
in the recombination coefficient.

We add the abundance of doubly ionised helium $y^{++}$ to calculate $Y$
when He II $\lambda$4686 is detected. We take the oxygen abundance from
IT04. The final results are displayed for the mass fraction of helium $Y$
as a function of the oxygen abundance relative to hydrogen O/H, and
linear extrapolation is employed to obtain the primordial helium abundance
$Y_p$ in the zero oxygen abundance limit (Peimbert \& Torres-Peimbert 1974),
\begin{equation}
Y=Y_p+\frac{dY}{d({\rm O/H})}\left(\frac{\rm O}{\rm H}\right).
\end{equation}
We adopt $dY/d({\rm O/H})=18.2 dY/dZ$ from IT04.

\section{Results}

Extinction and stellar absorption of the hydrogen lines are determined from
the 4 Balmer lines. The extinction parameter $c_{\rm H\beta}$ agrees very
well with those of IT04 in spite of the different extinction curves used.
Curiously, the stellar absorption we derived is generally somewhat
larger than that of IT04, although we do not claim that
the two are inconsistent since errors are generally large.
For most of the case absorption strengths lie in the range of $0-6$\AA,
but for two it is larger than 10\AA. The mean is
$a_{\rm HI}=2.5\pm3.5$\AA, where the error stands for the standard
deviation. This is a natural value for HII regions.
As noted by OS04, we find negative values for
absorptions for 11 HII regions. This occurrence is expected from a large
scatter in $a_{\rm HI}$, but might be ascribed to
the collisional excitation for hydrogen emission lines that are not taken
into account. In any case, the error induced by resetting the negative
absorption width to zero will be small for the helium emissivity analysis,
since the reference H$\beta$ has a large equivalent width $>200$\AA.

To confirm that our results agree with those of IT04 when He I stellar
absorption is
ignored, we first carry out the analysis assuming  $a_{\rm HeI}=0$.
The helium abundance plotted as a function of the oxygen abundance
[O/H] presented in Figure 1(a) confirms the trend seen in IT04,
although individual data scatter more with our analysis.
We obtain $Y_p=0.234\pm0.003$ consistent with $0.2385\pm 0.0015$
 from the extrapolation  of the results tabulated in IT04 [see Figure
2(a)]\footnote
IT04 give $Y$ for individual HII regions but do not give
$Y_p$ for their new data alone.
They combined with their 1998 data and present
$Y_p = 0.2429\pm 0.0009$. }
Our $\chi^2$ is rather poor: the mean is $\overline{\chi^2}=5.9$.
There are five cases
(HS 0122+0743, Mrk724, POX36, HS0128+2832 and Mrk 1236) that give
$\chi^2>10$, implying the inadequacy of the procedure we assumed.

When we include $a_{\rm HeI}$ as a free parameter, and carry out
a similar analysis, $\chi^2$ is enormously improved: we find
$\overline{\chi^2}=2.0$, which is dominated by a few bad fits,
notably by one system giving $\chi^2=6.1$ with the zero He I absorption width.
For all cases, except one, that showed poor $\chi^2$
with $a_{\rm HeI}=0$, fits are greatly improved. In particular
for the five cases of poor fit we noted above
$\chi^2$ drops from 29.5 to 1.2 for HS0122+0743, 10.1 to 2.5
for Mrk724, 10.1 to 1.0 for POX36. and 18.5 to 0.9
for HS0128+2832, and from 10.6 to 4.4 for
Mrk 1236, indicating the need to take the stellar absorption
into account.

Figure 1(b) shows the plot that can be compared with Figure 1(a)
but with a non-vanishing $a_{\rm HeI}$. It is interesting to
see that the derived helium abundance is more strongly
affected for metal poor HII regions, pushing up the
helium abundance extrapolated to the zero metallicity quite
a bit and resulting in $Y_p=0.250\pm 0.004$.
Note that the large scatter around the extrapolation line seen
in panel (a) is not visible in this plot any more.
The $\chi^2$ curves are given in Figure 2(a) for $Y_p$ and
for $dY/d({\rm O/H})$ (b) which is discussed below.

The absorption widths derived from our fit have generally large
errors, $\approx 50$\%.
The mean absorption equivalent widths are $a_{\rm HeI}=0.40\pm0.31$.
There are 6 HII regions for which the central values of $a_{\rm HeI}$
are negative.
The four among six are the cases for which
the fits without stellar absorption gave unusually good $\chi^2$.
The only cases that are marginally acceptable
are with HS1028+3843 ($\chi^2=3.6$) and Mrk35 ($\chi^2=6.1$).
(In the analysis with $a_{\rm HeI}=0$, 10 systems have $\chi^2$
greater than 6.1.)

OS04 presented their analysis for seven HII regions common in our sample.
A comparison shows that our Y is always consistent with theirs within
one standard deviation, although the errors are significantly larger
in OS04 due to larger uncertainties in the temperature of the plasma.
We find other parameters, such as temperature, are also consistent.

Figure 3 shows the average absorption equivalent width that varies with
the heavy element abundance. Although individual data show a rather large
scatter, the trend is clear in this binned plot: the stellar absorption
effect is more important for metal poor HII regions\footnote{While
our derived parameters are consistent with those of OS04, the
effect is not discernible in OS04
due to larger errors (introduced by the temperature uncertainty)
and their smaller data set.}.
Since the
oxygen abundance shows a tight anticorrelation with temperature of
the plasma, this figure is also interpreted as showing
the correlation of the stellar absorption with the plasma temperature:
Higher the temperature, more the important absorption.
This is the systematic trend that largely modifies the extrapolation of the
helium abundance to the zero metallicity.

In this connection another interesting quantity is $dY/d({\rm O/H)}$,
i.e., the increment of helium per heavy element production. The IT04
results give $dY/d({\rm O/H})=82\pm 15$ ( or
$dY/dZ=4.5\pm0.8$, which is consistent with the final result
IT04 quoted, $dY/dZ=3.7 \pm 1.2$) from a sample of seven HII regions.
Our analysis with $a_{\rm HeI}$
set equal to zero gives $dY/d({\rm O/H})=86 \pm 18$ or
$dY/dZ=4.7 \pm 1.0$.  On the other hand, with stellar absorption
we obtain $dY/d({\rm O/H})=20 \pm 25$ or $dY/dZ=1.1 \pm 1.4$, which is a
drastic decrease.

We remark that IT04 use only 3 lines in deriving the helium
abundance, dropping $\lambda 3889$,
$\lambda 4026$ and $\lambda7065$, with the anticipation that
the other 3 bright lines are less affected by stellar absorption,
while they use $\lambda 3889$ and $\lambda7065$ to constrain
other parameters. We also tried to drop the three lines when we
calculate $Y$, but the results remain unchanged from the full
6 line analysis.

\section{Conclusions}

Using the IT04 sample we showed that the neglect of the stellar absorption
on the helium emission lines causes a large systematic effect
on $Y_p$ and $dY/dZ$.  This is due to the fact that the stellar
absorption equivalent width shows a trend that
increases towards metal poor systems.
The inclusion of helium stellar absorption improves enormously
the acceptance of fit to the He I emission data, especially when
the quality was bad without the inclusion of stellar absorption.
The resulting magnitude of the absorption equivalent width of
He I $\lambda4471$ line (and also of the H I Balmer lines) is on
the order that is expected in a population synthesis calculation
(Gonz\'alez Delgado et al. 1999) for the nebula phase.

With the inclusion of stellar absorption we obtained the primordial
helium abundance increased from $y_p=0.234\pm 0.004$ to
$0.250\pm 0.004$.  We do not claim that the latter is the true value,
but it is much preferred to the former on the ground of
much smaller $\chi^2$ for the fit to individual HII regions,
while the 6-line fit without stellar absorption is barely
acceptable.  Or, most conservatively, one can claim that we
cannot obtain the primordial helium abundance to the error
of $\delta Y_p\approx 0.004$ or less unless underlying
stellar absorption is properly understood.

In our analysis we noted that the minimisation of the sum of
the $\chi^2$ over individual lines, ignoring the correlation among
lines, is likely to underestimate the error.

If we accept our higher helium abundance, we find $n_B/n_\gamma=
7.9^{+4.0}_{-2.4}\times 10^{-10}$ with the aid of the standard Big Bang nucleosynthesis
calculation (e.g., Olive et al. 2001).
This baryon abundance is consistent with that inferred from
cosmic microwave background anisotropies (Spergel et al. 2003).

We also found that $dY/dZ$ is largely affected upon the inclusion of stellar
absorption:   the original value of $dY/dZ\approx 4-5$ decreases to
$1\pm 1$. This smaller number is consistent with the derivative inferred
form the standard solar model (Bahcall et al. 2001)
$\Delta Y/\Delta Z=(Y_{\rm initial}-Y_p)/Z_{\rm initial}=1.4$,
and also with $2.1\pm 0.4$ from the
dwarf star atmosphere (Jimenez et al. 2003) using the method
introduced by Pagel and Portinari (1998) who presented $3\pm2$
for this derivative.

\acknowledgments

This work is supported in part by Grants in Aid of the Ministry of
Education of Japan at Kashiwa. MF received support from the Monell Foundation
at Princeton.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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text:
MA Digital Technologies, Communication and Education
Develop skills to manage and understand rapid technological change and its effect on education.
Discover more about this subject area
MA Digital Technologies, Communication and Education / Course details
EDUC60452
The course unit will introduce the following content areas:
Key concepts in qualitative research methodology;
Key concepts in quantitative research methodology;
Observation skills: design and practice;
Interview design and interviewing in practice;
Focus groups: design and practice;
Survey methods: design and practice;
To introduce the key principles and practices of qualitative and quantitative research methods in the field of education.
Onsite mode learning and teaching processes will include seminar style sessions, to include introductory lecture by the course tutor, in class discussions, small group activities, presentations, critical reading, case studies, as well as self-directed work and reading outside of class, including online materials and activities through blended learning. Tutorials will be offered once in the semester.
Learning Hours:
Hours Allocated
Directed Reading
Assignment Preparation
Design data generation instruments appropriate for their area of education;
Know how to generate data using the instruments they have developed, including sampling strategies;
Consider the ethical implications of their research practices and, according to context, know how to apply appropriate procedures/safeguards.
Identify and define a research problem, and to subsequently design, develop and complete a research project in the field of education.
Demonstrate understanding of research design: how research methodology is selected given a problem, how the data are analysed and interpreted; how research is reported; and the implications of the findings to theory, research and practice.
Understand the centrality of the role of the researcher in the generation of qualitative and quantitative data and research;
As appropriate to their research approach, be reflexive about their own perspectives/practices;
Critique their own and others' research accounts;
Understand key concepts of validity, reliability and trustworthiness in qualitative research, and consider the validity, reliability and trustworthiness of their own work.
Critically reflect on the processes of research and to be able to apply appropriate methodological tools in the design and implementation of their research projects.
Critically reflect upon their role in the generation and analysis of data.
Effectively contribute to debates about educational research in a range of different contexts and from different perspectives.
Written communication; by explaining and defending their understanding of literature, their research design and their findings.
Information Technology; use the internet to research their chosen field as well as have access to other appropriate software and technology that may assist in the generation and analysis of research
Problem solving; identifying a significant research issue and by rigorous research approaches draw and make appropriate recommendations.
Working with others; by engaging in group activities which furthers the research of others and the student's own research.
Assessment task
Word Length or Equivalent
Weighting within unit
Written assignment (research proposal)
2,000 word
Written assignment
Research methods rationale)
Feedback will be available online via Blackboard
Allwright, D. (2005). Developing principles for practitioner research: The case of Exploratory Practice. The Modern Language Journal, 89(3): 353 -366.
Barkhuizen, G., & Wette, R. (2008). Narrative frames for investigating the experiences of language teachers. System, 36(3), 372–387.
Beaumont, M. & T. A. O'Brien (Eds.) (2000). Collaborative Research in Second Language Education. Stoke on Trent: Trentham Books.
Bell, J. (1987). Doing Your Research Project: A Guide for First Time Researchers in Education and the Social Sciences. Milton Keynes: Open University Press
Best, S. (2012). Understanding and Doing Successful Research. Harlow: Pearson.
Black, T. (1999). Doing Quantitative Research in the Social Sciences: an integrated approach to research design, measurement and statistics. London: Sage.
Borg, S. (2001). The research journal: A tool for promoting and understanding researcher development. Language Teaching Research, 5, (2), 156-177.
Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2006) Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3 (2). pp. 77-101. ISSN 1478-0887 Available from: http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/11735
Cochran-Smith, M., & Lytle, S. L. (1999). The teacher researcher movement: A decade later. Educational Researcher, 28(7): 15–25.
Cohen, L., Manion, L. and Morrison, K. (2011). Research Methods in Education (7th edition). London: Routledge Falmer.
Coleman, M. and Briggs, A. (2002). Research Methods in Educational Leadership and Management. London: Paul Chapman Publishing
Coombes, H. (2001). Research Using IT. Basingstoke, Palgrave.
Creswell, J.W (2002) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method Approaches. London: Sage
Denzin, N. K. and Lincoln, Y. S. (2003). The Landscape of Qualitative Research: Theories and Issues (2nd edition). London: Sage.
Gray, D. (2013). Doing Research in the Real World. London: Sage.
Hamilton, L. and Corbett-Whittier (2013). Using Case Study in Education Research. London: BERA.
Holliday, A. (2007). Doing and Writing Qualitative Research (2nd edition). London; Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Kellett, M. (2005). How to Develop Children as Researchers. London: Sage.
Lambert, M. (2012). A Beginner's Guide to Doing Your Education Research Project. London: Sage.
Lewis, C., Perry, R., & Murata, a. (2006). How Should Research Contribute to Instructional Improvement? The Case of Lesson Study. Educational Researcher, 35(3): 3–14.
Mann, C. & F. Stewart (2000). Internet Communication and Qualitative Research: A Handbook for Researching Online. London: Sage.
Miles, S. and Ainscow, M. (2011) Responding to diversity: An inquiry-based approach. London: Routledge.
Miles, S. and Howes, A. (2014) Photography in Educational Research: Critical reflections from diverse context. London: Routledge.
Moon, J.A. (2006). Learning journals: A handbook for reflective practice and professional development (2nd edition). London: Routledge.
Payne, G. and Payne, J. (2004).
Seminars 20
Graeme Hutcheson Unit coordinator
Maria Pampaka Unit coordinator
Paul Armstrong Unit coordinator
Directed reading 60 hours

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


CAMBRIDGE, Mass., and DURHAM, N.C., Oct. 1, 2015 /PRNewswire/ -- Pharmaceutical researchers seeking to discover drug candidates against challenging sodium channel targets can now access the industry's largest and most advanced collection of sodium channel cell lines and assays through Icagen's discovery services. Icagen, Inc., a provider of scientific expertise and comprehensive tools for ion channel and transporter drug discovery and development, formally launched access to its sodium channel platform, a sophisticated portfolio of cell lines, reagents and assays, led by a scientific team with more than 20 years of ion channel drug discovery expertise. Clients can access existing resources within the portfolio or work with Icagen experts to create custom sodium channel cell lines and assays.
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Icagen partners with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to offer industry-leading scientific expertise and comprehensive access to technologies for ion channel and transporter drug discovery and development. With over 20 years of leadership in the ion channel field, the Icagen team offers an extensive track record of success in advancing molecules from drug discovery to clinical development across multiple therapeutic areas and ion channel classes. Icagen's growing tool box comprises a broad range of cell lines and technologies for ion channel and transporter research, capped by the label-free XRpro® platform. XRpro® technology, based on X-ray fluorescence, is a novel method that enables high throughput assessment of ion channels and transporters, including challenging systems with high therapeutic interest. For more information on our company, please visit our website at www.icagen.com .
This release includes forward-looking statements on the Company's current expectations and projections about future events. In some cases forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as "may," "should," "potential," "continue," "expects," "anticipates," "intends," "plans," "believes," "estimates," and similar expressions. These statements are based upon current beliefs, expectations and assumptions and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and include statements regarding the Company's growing tool box and the Company's continued help in assessing mechanism-of-action or site-of-action for candidate molecules and conducting detailed biophysical and pharmacological analyses. The forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth or implied by any forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in the Company's forward-looking statements include, among others, our ability to successfully combine the acquired assets and the Icagen team with the prior XRpro team and technology and the other factors described in the Company's Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 and any other filings with the SEC. The information in this release is provided only as of the date of this release, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this release on account of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law.


text:
July 11 - UCI professors win research grants, UC reaches contract deal with nurses union
A Hummingbird has an early dinner from a Naked Coral Tree bloom on the UCI campus. Photo by Steve Zylius/UCI
Professor Yanning Shen's computer science research wins Google funding
Google has named UCI's Yanning Shen, assistant professor of electrical engineering and computer science, a winner of its prestigious Research Scholar Program. Titled "Addressing Unfairness in Learning over Social Networks," Shen's machine learning and data mining research explores bias in machine learning algorithms across social networks that may lead to biased results toward underrepresented groups. Her project seeks to design algorithms to address this issue. Google's award provides professors from around the world with $60,000 in funding for up to one year to support research that advances computer science.
Distinguished Professor Roxane Cohen Silver. Photo by Steve Zylius/UCI
Vice Provost receives Distinguished Senior Faculty Award for Research
A UCI distinguished professor of psychological science, medicine and public health and vice provost for academic planning and institutional research, has been named the 2022-2023 recipient of the Distinguished Senior Faculty Award for Research, the most prestigious award UCI faculty members can receive from their colleagues. UCI's Academic Senate confers the award on Roxane Cohen Silver, an expert on coping with collective traumas who joined UCI in 1989, for her "significant contributions to scholarship through sustained, distinguished research." Silver's current research explores the connection between trauma within disadvantaged communities and climate change as well as the effect that the reporting of Russia's invasion of Ukraine has on the mental health of U.S. citizens.
UC administrators reach three-year contract with California nurses union
UC officials today announced they have reached an agreement with the California Nurses Association on a new three-year contract for the more than 17,000 nurses who work in UC medical and student health facilities. The agreement takes effect immediately and will run through Oct. 31, 2025. The contract includes a 6 percent wage increase effective Jan. 1, 2023, another 5 percent wage increase effective Jan. 1, 2024, and a 5 percent wage increase effective Jan. 1, 2025.
New COVID-19 variant spreading in several countries, gaining ground in India
Another highly contagious mutation of the rapidly evolving coronavirus is quickly spreading in India and starting to pop up in numerous other countries, including the United States. The latest variant, which scientists call BA.2.75, seems immune from both vaccines and previous infections. So far, most of the infections are in India, although it has been identified in 10 other countries, including three cases in the U.S.
California COVID-19 cases continue to climb
The state's COVID-19 positivity rate has doubled over the past five weeks to 16.7 percent from 8.3 percent, according to figures reported Friday by the California Department of Public Health. (Earlier this year, infection rates peaked near 26 percent.) 4,009 people are currently hospitalized with the disease statewide, including 445 in intensive care units, which is a 66 percent increase in hospitalizations from five weeks ago. Additionally, case numbers of the BA.4 and BA.5 coronavirus strains originally identified in South Africa earlier this year are growing in California, with BA.5 infections and BA.4 infections respectively rising by 51.9 percent and 16.5 percent, according to July 2 figures released by CA's state health department.
NASA grant to go toward UCI-led project studying beach, dune loss
Daily Pilot, July 9
Cited: Brett Sanders, professor of civil and environmental engineering
Do I have to give up meat to save the planet? How food and climate change are linked
The San Luis Obispo Tribune, July 10
Cited: Joana Tavares, Ph.D. candidate, Earth system science department
How Racism Ended a Renaissance of Weight
WNYC Studios (podcast), July 8
Cited: Sabrina Strings, Chancellor's Fellow and assistant professor of sociology
On Friday and over the weekend, UCI recorded 34 new cases of COVID-19: 24 students and 10 employees. For more information, visit the UCI COVID-19 dashboard.


Apart from eating, shopping, and visiting the rich cultural heritage in UK, you can also opt for an adventure trip in UK. There are innumerable options for trekking in UK; however, here are some of the options for trekking in UK.
This is approximate 12 mile walk from Macclesfield. You can take up a circular route for the same. You can start by crossing the Macclesfield Canal and reach near Macclesfield Golf Course. From the Hollins, enjoy the panoramic view of mountains and the Estuary. You can also view the hundred metre high tower of the massive Anglican Cathedral in Liverpool, the largest cathedral in the UK and the fifth largest in the world. After crossing the Bottoms reservoir and dam you will reach Tegg's nose reservoir. Once you reach Tegg's nose you can see pyramid shape of Shutlingsloe poking up above the Macclesfield Forest. Also, do not miss the area where the old quarry machinery including rock crushers, cranes and saws are placed. En-route, you will find an area of rock strata. Also, do not miss the view of Manchester.
If you are not too adventurous and not so professional trekker and still you want to go for trekking this place is for you. Richmond Park and Wimbledon common is away from the busy life of Britain. You can start this trip from any part of London as it is easily accessible from anywhere due to easy availability of public transport. Start your walk from the underground station and reach Wimbledon railway station. Richmond Park has mesmerising landscaping and is rich in fauna and full of wildlife. Do not forget to click beautiful pictures of London city from Richmond Park.
This is a place for people who are interested in visiting caves. This Bone caves near Inchnadamph have a history of over forty seven thousand years. Bones of various species like Polar bear, Northern Lynx, Artic Lemming and many other have been excavated from here and hence the name 'Bone Caves.' While you walk this beautiful limestone caves, you will find panoramic views of Fuaran Allt nan Uamh spring where a full flowing river suddenly appears out of the ground from a large shallow puddle. If you plan to take this trip do not forget to carry a head torch to explore inside the caves.


Put your trust in your faith as you meet Tampa Catholic singles that live and work right in your neighborhood.
Find Christians from Catholic Singles Florida including Tampa and nearby cities, Palm River-Clair Mel (5 miles), Egypt Lake-Leto (5 miles), East Lake-Orient Park (5 miles), Progress Village (6 miles), Temple Terrace (7 miles), Carrollwood (7 miles), University (8 miles), Lake Magdalene (8 miles), Town 'n' Country (8 miles), Carrollwood Village (8 miles), Gibsonton (8 miles), Mango (9 miles), Riverview (9 miles), Brandon (10 miles), Seffner (11 miles), Gandy (11 miles), Greater Northdale (11 miles), Citrus Park (11 miles), Westchase (11 miles), Thonotosassa (12 miles), Apollo Beach (12 miles), Boyette (12 miles), Feather Sound (13 miles), Valrico (13 miles), Bloomingdale (13 miles).
Find a Christian in Tampa or browse Catholic Singles Florida for more cities. Registration is completely free and takes just seconds.
There are approximately 1,039 registered profiles from Tampa. Including surrounding areas of Palm River-Clair Mel, Egypt Lake-Leto, East Lake-Orient Park, Progress Village, Temple Terrace, Carrollwood, University, Lake Magdalene, Town 'n' Country, Carrollwood Village, Gibsonton, Mango, Riverview, Brandon, Seffner, Gandy, Greater Northdale, Citrus Park, Westchase, Thonotosassa, Apollo Beach, Boyette, Feather Sound, Valrico, Bloomingdale, there are over 3,184 members and growing every day.


David Alfred Stewart was perhaps the quietest member of the party and the most British in approach. His choice was a surprise one for the Tour, but he gave extremely good service to the Team. He played at centre, outside-half and full-back, and was at outside-half in the controversial match against England. Standing 6 ft. 1 in., and long in the leg, he was essentially a dry-ground player in midfield, but he had an elusive swerve and jink, and had he been encouraged to attack at all times, even in the England Test, he must have done even better than he did. Quite obviously against England he was playing to instructions and must be absolved from much of the blame for the dull and dreary second half in this match. He gave some outstanding performances, and one of these was at Llanelly, where he ran beautifully. He played at full-back against Scotland and did quite well, and should have been played in the centre against the Barbarians, with Oxlee at outside-half, and then no player would have been out of position, since Engelbrecht could have appeared on the wing. In France, Stewart found the French back row menacing, as indeed have all British outside-halves, but Stewart was a quiet chap on and off and field and a good tourist. He came to prominence in 1959 as all outside-half and toured South America with the Junior Springboks. He played against Scotland in 1960 as an outside-half and this must be his best position, but in a good attacking side I would like to see him in the centre. A draughtsrnan by profession, Stewart is also an accomplished cricketer.


Caroline started as a technical writer at VMware in 2006, working on the VMware Workstation 6 User's Manual, for which she won an STC (Society of Technical Communication) award. What can one do with a B.A. in Philosophy and an M.A. in Creative Writing – Poetry? One can discover a surprising affection for technology and happily make a good living communicating that zeal in the form of reference architectures and quick-start tutorials.


You can add wireless charging to any AirPods, with the new wireless charging case.
This might seem like an absurd subject for a how-to. I mean, all you have to do to charge your new AirPods with the new wireless charging case is toss them onto the charging mat, right? That's true, but there are a couple of neat tricks that you might like to know.
They are simple, but these AirPods charging tips can save you frustration and wasted time.
It looks decorative, but it does the heavy lifting when it comes to charging all of your devices.
A tray is a stylish way to serve coffee or tea. Now there's one able to charge your iPhone, Apple Watch and AirPods at the same time.
Gaze Lab didn't neglect style as it set out to create the Gaze Tray, a one-stop charging solution that looks good on any table or dresser. It also lends space to jewelry or the items you take out of your pockets at the end of a long day.
With offices in Seoul and San Francisco, Gaze Lab is showing off its catch-all charging tray at CES in Las Vegas this week as it raises productions funds on Indiegogo.


text:
We have few locations depending on the activity. Our football/cheerleader games will be held at Trinity Catholic High School, 1720 Redman Rd. St. Louis, Missouri 63136.
The Jr. Hawk football/cheerleader practice and home games will be played at Hazelwood Central Middle School, located at 13450 Old Jamestown Road also in Black Jack, MO.
Our Basketball program is currently held at the Several High Schools in the area. This year we look forward to hosting it in one of the many Hazelwood Schools.
Our Baseball is also held in Jennings at the Stan Musial Field. One of the only Cardinal Care fields in the county. With a high participation rate the Cardinal will look to sponsor a field for us as well. So come on out we need you!
As for the recreation center our future location is coming soon.
What time will you open the rec center?
During the school year, our office hours are Mon - Fri 9:00am - 5:00pm. The Center opens for kids Mon-Fri 2:00 pm until 8:00 pm, Sat 12:00 pm - 9:00 pm. With longer hours Mon-Sat during the summer.
What will they be able to do?
Video games, music, homework, Kid's Club, pool tables, foosball, painting, computers, arts & crafts, television, fitness and much, much more.
Can the kids play sports?
Of course! We offer a variety of sports and recreation oportunities for both boys and girls including cheerleading, football, baseball, T-ball, basketball, wrestling, track and field and in the future soccer.
How much does everything cost?
Membership for children ages 6 to 15 is $50 per week! All the activities are included within the basic membership.
Seperate Pricing:
Football - $175.00
Cheerleading - $200.00
Basketball - $100.00
Baseball - FREE
We Also offer mulit-family and early registration discounts before July 1st.
Is the Jr. High seperate from NCYA?
No. We are still one BIG happy family. Treating this like a family instead of a business we keep our goal of putting KIDS FIRST. We treat them like they are ours. And yes, we are one big FAMILY!
Why should my child join?
"The Positive Place for Kids" is not just a slogan, its our battle cry. In a world with so many chances to fail, we offer a place were kids can learn to succeed and have fun doing it!
How many members do you have now?
We have nearly 500+ active members, but we always have room for you!
We have plenty of spaces for you to lend a hand! Just contact John Alexander (314) 479-5630 or alexanderjohn44@yahoo.com and he'll get you started.
How can I make a donation?
You can donate by calling/email Van Swingler at (314)226-5057 or van.swingler@n-c-y-a.com, you. We will be happy to hear from you.
How can I volunteer?
By contacting Kinton Joshua at (314)236-1615 or kinjoshua1@yahoo.com. We especially need tutors for our Education Center and there are plenty of other opportunities to help. What ever your interest are just let us know.
Just a word from the president of NCYA, "We must learn to GIVE before you can RECIEVE! Just as in nature,earth gives fourth its bounty, it gives seeds for the next season. We must learn to plant seed of happiness, love success, and prosperity. The only thing separating man from desire is giving. People sometimes look for things they didn't work for. Luke 6:38 says, "Give, and it shall be given unto you". Foolishness is a farmer looking for fruit and he didn't plant seeds".
Van Swingler


These expensive vintage leather and WWII canvas folio-like cases for the iPad 2 look like something Indiana Jones would use. Temple Bags' iPad 2 Leather Smart Case and iPad 2 Smart Case folios have back facing camera cutouts, horizontal viewing and tabletop typing stand capabilities as well as a magnetic closure system. Don't expect these to come cheap, if you're feeling leather is your material of choice, the iPad 2 Leather Smart Case will set you back $199 while the iPad 2 Smart Case will set you back $179 of your hard earned cash. Vaja isn't the only expensive case maker on the block. Check out the video right after the jump.


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Board index » DCC RPG » Judges' Forum
Extra occupation as a racial trait?
TheNobleDrake
Post subject: Extra occupation as a racial trait?
There is a whole big story about how I thought I was writing a new campaign setting before farming Wilderlands of High Fantasy for ideas and found my whole campaign setting already written and mapped (my brain decided to let me think my memories were new thoughts instead) that provides background here, but isn't really necessary for the question at hand.
I've been adjusting the 3.5 version of the setting to be my default DCC setting, mostly by changing up the stats listed in the player's guide to things I feel are more appropriate (most varieties of human having no mechanical adjustments at all, for example).
In that process I've been considering allowing certain races an extra occupation of a limited nature: Avalonians being a mariner or a shipwright in addition to whatever else; Gishmesh also being merchants; Karakhan being animal handlers with a focus on horses and so on.
The questions I have for other judges are these:
1) With a two occupation 0-level, how would you approach the starting weapon and equipment? I've been thinking of allowing the player the choice of which they would like, or having the extra occupation not factor into the decision at all.
2) What about a second occupation (from a list of about 10 or so) being the only feature of a race? The halfling flavor text in the book mentions only that they (the common halflings, at least) focus on the skills that they feel are most valued in the city - cooking, food-service, leather working, and sometimes burglary - and yet states to use the standard 3.5 PHB stats for halflings which I don't feel fit that description at all (luck and fearlessness being their largest features in 3.5, but entirely unmentioned in their setting description).
I'm not really looking for opinions on whether an extra, bar or crime related occupation is "fair" as a trait when compared to something else (like elven sleep immunity), but more whether you as a player would hear "You get a bonus occupation from this list," and think "Cool!" or "...and?"
Post subject: Re: Extra occupation as a racial trait?
If they have a second occupation they should get skills and equipment to match it, especially if it's the only racial trait.
My Gaming Blog: The Earthlight Academy
http://earthlightacademy.blogspot.com/
TheNobleDrake wrote:
My knee-jerk reaction is more that a second occupation might dilute the character concept.
Otherwise, I see little impact one way or another.
Maledict Brothbreath, level 4 warrior, STR 16 (+2) AGI 7 (-1) STA 12 PER 9 INT 10 LUCK 15 (+1), AC: 16 Refl: +1 Fort: +2 Will: +1; lawful; Armor of the Lion and Lily's Blade.
Brother Sufferus, level 4 cleric, STR 13 (+1) AGI 15 (+1) STA 11 PER 13 (+1) INT 10 LUCK 9, AC: 11 (13 if wounded, 15 if down to half hit points), Refl: +3 Fort: +2 Will: +3, chaotic, Robe of the Faith, Scourge of the Maimed One, Darts of Pain.
Thanks for the replies, fellas.
I hadn't thought about diluting the concept of the character, but that is definitely something I will be bringing up with my players to get their opinion on - I think it would mostly enrich a concept, but I could see a few seeming like poor mixes.
To be clear: I don't think your proposition would have a significant impact on game enjoyment. If you feel it will help your game's story, I wouldn't hesitate a second.
My comment stems from my short experience with DCC where level 0 characters are defined mostly by their occupation, if not almost exclusively. They have nothing else anyway. So whenever a player says "Rodrigo does this or that", everyone goes "who?" and the guy playing Rodrigo says "the butcher", then everyone goes "oh, yeah". If PCs end up with two occupations, and some are repeats, the players will have a hard time saying who's who and the little definition that the zeros have might further fade.
That I had especially not really given thought to - you are right, many times the other players are like "whoever the heck that is," when one of the players says the name of their character... we have been getting a lot better about it the more funnels we play through, specifically because players keep managing to get around 4 or 5 farmers in a set of 16-20 characters so while everyone rolls up characters that chat about names, occupations, even animals owned and their names as well...
If that trend keeps up - which I hope it does because of all the 0-level "They got Jimmy! Kill the bastards!" moments that it has created - then there won't be a problem... but there is definitely potential for some problems, exceptionally so in the even that a player manage one character that's a soldier, one character that's an innkeeper, and a halfling that is both.
Skyscraper wrote:
level 0 characters are defined mostly by their occupation, if not almost exclusively. They have nothing else anyway. So whenever a player says "Rodrigo does this or that", everyone goes "who?" and the guy playing Rodrigo says "the butcher", then everyone goes "oh, yeah".
I'm thinking of playing a funnel where we don't bother to roll stats until the characters reach first level, and for pretty much this reason. Everyone gets a +0 to do everything. Then you reach first level and stats emerge at the same time as "real" hit dice, etc.
That's a pretty interesting idea Finarvyn.
You'll have to let us all know how that works out if you go through with it. My group would likely be disappointed by that approach when rolling scores less than 9 and developing the negative modifiers to go with them. Being zero level for a while with their low scores seems to be the needed "romance" period for them to fall in love with the flaws present in the character's ability scores.
Yeah, I kind of agree with TND here that players seem to like the ability scores. The guy with 4 Luck, the hobbit with 5 INT and the dwarf with 4 STR get a lot of laughs out of the table because of their low stat. And the guy with 17 Luck, who picked up a bow and 4 arrows in the funnel, keeps finding his arrows because of his luck rolls. I think we're kind of happy with the ability scores being there, but I'm also curious to hear how your table likes the experience with more generic zeros.


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On Scottish referendum, PM says vote should only happen once in a generation
3 January 2021, 5:35 am
FILE PHOTO: Britain's Prime Minister Boris Johnson signs the Brexit trade deal with EU
LONDON (Reuters) - British Prime Minister Boris Johnson said referendums should only happen once in a generation, when asked about the possibility of a fresh vote on Scottish independence.
"The only point I would make is that referendums, (in) my ... direct experience in this country, are not particularly jolly events," Johnson told the BBC.
"They don't have a, notably unifying force on the national mood, they should be only once in a generation."
(Reporting by William James; Editing by Alison Williams)


text:
Chloë Thomson BSC | Director of Photography
Animation, Short Film
© NFTS 2012 // 10 minutes // DSLR
Stop motion animation. Madge and Walter are an old married couple who have grown apart. One of them lives on the ceiling, the other on the floor.
Nominated: Best Animated Short at 85th Academy Awards
Winner: Annie Award for Best Student Film
Winner: Special Jury prize at Cinanima 2012
Winner: Vision Award for Best Short Film at the Oscar-qualifying Heartlands Film Festival 2012
Winner: Best Animated Short at the Oscar-qualifying Austin Film Festival 2012
In competition at KROK International Animation Festival, World Festival of Animated Film, Hamptons Film Festival, Encounters Short Film and Animation Festival, St. Petersburg Student Film Festival, and Raindance Film Festival
Winner: Best Short Film at Dinard Festival du Film Brittanique 2012
Winner: Audience Prize at Oscar-qualifying Hiroshima International Animation Festival 2012
Winner at the Oscar-qualifying Anima Mundi International Animation Festival of Brazil 2012:
Winner: Grand Prize of the Festival (Best Film)
Winner: Best Short Film (Audience Award)
Winner: Best Student Film (Audience Award)
Winner: Cartoon Saloon award for Best First Animation at Galway Film Fleadh 2012
In competition at Cannes Film Festival 2012, Cinéfondation Selection
In competition at Edinburgh Film Festival 2012, nominated for Best British Short Film and Best Short Animation in the Maclaren Animation selection
Written and Directed by TIM RECKART
Producer FODHLA CRONIN O'REILLY
Cinematographer CHLOË THOMSON
Production Designer ÉLÉONORE CREMONESE
Tags: Short Film Animation NFTS


text:
The Overland Automobile Company was a United States-based automobile manufacturer.
Former type
Acquired by John North Willys
Claude Cox
The Overland Automobile "runabout" was founded by Claude Cox, a graduate of Rose Polytechnic Institute, while he was employed by Standard Wheel Company of Terre Haute, Indiana, United States, in 1903. In 1905, Standard Wheel allowed Cox to relocate the Overland Automobile Company to Indianapolis, Indiana, and he got a partner.
In 1908, Overland Motors was purchased by John North Willys. In 1912, it was renamed Willys-Overland.
One of the more unusual uses of an Overland was in 1911 when Milton Reeves used a 1910 model to create his eight-wheel Reeves Octo-Auto.
Overlands continued to be produced until 1926 when the marque was succeeded by the Willys Whippet.
The last vestige of the Overland automobile empire remains in the form of bricks spelling out "Overland" in the smoke stacks at the Toledo factory that once formed the core of Willys automotive empire. But the name would come back when DaimlerChrysler introduced the Overland name for a trim package on the 2002–present (except 2005 model year) Jeep Grand Cherokee. The badging is a recreation of the Overland nameplate from the early twentieth century.
1903 Model 13
1904 Model 13, Model 15
1905 Model 15, Model 17, Model 18
1909 Model 30, Model 31, Modell 32, Model 34
1910 Model 38, Model 40, Model 41, Model 42
1911 20 hp, 25 hp, 30 hp, 40 hp


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Video Games Blog | Nintendo + Indie Games
Nitchigamer
Back in Time Select Month August 2019 June 2019 May 2019 April 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 July 2018 June 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 July 2017 June 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017
Past Blast: Castlevania: Symphony of the Night
July 14, 2017 May 31, 2018 by Sally Mettson, posted in Past Blasts
1997 was an important year for video games, Final Fantasy VII was released that year, and we all know the impact that particular game made. As did Quake 2, GoldenEye and Megaman Legends. There are similarities in the games that were just listed, as they were all in 3D. This was the trend back in 1997, hardware was becoming capable enough to add that much lusted after extra dimension. Then came along Castlevania: Symphony of the Night – a 2D platforming title. In this 3D era, would this game really make an impact?
For those of you who aren't familiar with it, Symphony of the Night is a game where you play as the son of Dracula, Alucard, trying to stop his father from being brought back to life. It starts you off by throwing you into a HUGE castle, and doesn't really give you any more instructions beyond that. A type of gameplay known nowadays as "Metroidvania", akin to how the original wave of Metroid games play. There's really not much to the story apart from some terribly voiced dialogue and some text at the start. Though, out of the small amounts of dialogue there is, one of the most well-remembered pieces is: "What is a man? A miserable little pile of secrets."
This particular Castlevania title was also the start of a new era of Castlevania games that no longer followed the level-by-level approach, with the older games now being referred to as 'Classicvania'. This game wasn't a one-off type of Castlevania game – there isn't enough memorable moments in the newer titles that make them as brilliant as Symphony of the Night either. So what exactly WAS the impact of SOTN?
Well, it spawned a cult following for starters. It wasn't expected to sell as well in all territories, despite receiving a high amount of critical acclaim. Originally it was released on the PlayStation 1 and the Sega Saturn (Japan only), and didn't have much hope for an American release, thus it had a much lower budget over there, which is really reflected back in the US advert. Nowadays it has been re-released on the PSN, Xbox Live Arcade, and came bundled with the PSP title "Dracula X Chronicles", in which you need to do a convoluted task in order to unlock it – but it is there and it's worth it. It also won multiple awards, including 4th best game ever made on EGM, and 16th on IGN's list. Which isn't bad for a black sheep game of its time.
The Metroidvania games are amazing titles, all of them offer their own little bit of uniqueness, but as of late, there's not really been any releases of this type. The last Castlevania game released was the monstrosity known as Lords of Shadows 2, which is 3D… No. Just no. Bring back the Metroidvanias, please. There's a whole Facebook group dedicated to the continuing development of these types of games, well, 2D Castlevanias in general. It's called Operation Akumajo, so if you're like-minded, check them out. For now we have Koji Igarashi's Bloodstained: Ritual of the Night to look forward to in 2018, and we all know that's the closest we're going to get for quite some time.
And if you haven't checked out the Netflix show, that's worth a go too…
Tagged castlevania
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text:
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text:
Q: AWS DNS settings not working for email I appreciate how difficult this is likely to be to diagnose so I'll supply as much detail as possible.
I have registered the domain name staplefitzpaine.com with AWS and set up the hosted zone records the same way I have with other domains whose email works fine.
The hosted zone records are set up as recommended by Fasthosts and appear as follows:

The email account is set up on Fasthosts in the same way that my other email addresses are set up.
However email to this domain is being rejected.
A check on https://intodns.com/staplefitzpaine.com gives the following errors, suggesting an issue with the DNS:

I have tried removing the hosted zone completely and re-adding but the result is the same.
I'd really appreciate some suggestions!

A: The issue is that your registrar lists your nameservers as ns1.nameservers.co.uk and ns1.nameservers.co.uk, but you're using Amazon instead. So you need to set those nameservers that Amazon uses with your registrar first, so that the .com TLD nameservers knows where to send queries for staplefitzpaine.com
The reason you get all those errors is that ns1.nameservers.co.uk and ns2.nameservers.co.uk has never heard of the domain staplefitzpaine.com so they of course don't respond with anything.

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