text:
Summary of 2001 Wisconsin Act 16
2001-03 Biennial Budget Provisions
Related to Elementary and Secondary Education
Prepared by Policy and Budget Team
General School Aids
Categorical Aids
Choice, Charter and Open Enrollment
School District Operations
Administration and Other Funding
General School Aids Funding Level
Provide approximately an additional $120 million GPR in general school aids in FY02 and $290 million GPR above base in FY03 in order to maintain the state's two-thirds funding commitment.
Secondary Cost Ceiling
Beginning with general equalization aid paid in FY02, set the secondary cost ceiling in the school aid formula at an amount equal to 90% of the prior year statewide shared cost per member.
Delete the requirement that the secondary cost ceiling be adjusted annually by inflation.
Special Adjustment Aid
As proposed by the department, clarify that in calculating special adjustment aid, any prior year general school aid adjustments made by the department that are paid in the current school year be included as prior year, rather than current year, aid payments for the comparison of aid payments in the prior and current years.
Clarify Treatment of Computer Aid for Equalization Aid Purposes
As proposed by the department, beginning in FY02, clarify that computer aid received by school districts would be included as shared costs under the general equalization aid formula.
Funding for Wisconsin Center for the Blind and Visually Impaired (WCBVI) and Wisconsin School for the Deaf (WSD)
Include general program operations appropriations for the WCBVI and WSD, funded at $10,434,900 GPR annually as a part of the state's two-thirds funding commitment.
Revenue Limit Agreement for Certain Districts
This provision would statutorily confirm the authority of DPI and a school district to enter into an agreement regarding the district's revenue limit as approved in a referendum held prior to February 5, 2001 specifying a mill rate limit rather than a dollar amount limit.
Low Revenue
Approve the Governor's recommendation to increase the low-revenue ceiling to $6,700 per pupil in FY02 and $6,900 per pupil in FY03.
Carryover of Unused Revenue Limit Authority
Approve the department's and Governor's requests to modify the carryover of unused authority under revenue limits in cases where a school district receives a positive prior year aid adjustment in the current school year and the district's revenues in the preceding year were less than the district's revenue limit in that year.
Revenue Limit Penalty Exception for Debt Levy
Approve the department's and Governor's requests to specify that the penalty provisions for exceeding revenue limits would not apply to property taxes levied for the purposes of paying the principal and interest on valid bonds or notes issued by a school board.
Recurring Revenue Limit Adjustment for Integration Transfer Program
Provide the Wausau district with a recurring revenue limit adjustment for the next three years that would be equal to one-third of that district's initial integration transfer aid program payment. The revenue limit adjustment for FY02, FY03, and FY04 would be $193,300 each year.
Provide that this revenue limit adjustment would not be included in the state's two-thirds funding commitment. Thus, there would be no state fiscal impact.
Revenue Limit Adjustment for Large Area, Low Enrollment Districts
Provide a recurring revenue limit exemption for school districts with an enrollment of fewer than 450 pupils in the prior school year and with at least a 275 square mile area.
Provide that if a district lost up to 10% of its membership between September 1996 and September 2000, it would receive an adjustment of $100,000.
If in this same period a district lost between 10% and 20% of its enrollment, it would receive an adjustment of $175,000.
If a district lost more than 20% of its enrollment in this period, it would receive an adjustment of $250,000.
It is estimated that three school districts (Laona, South Shore, and Winter) would be eligible to receive this revenue limit adjustment.
Treatment of Community Service Levies under Revenue Limits
Beginning with revenue limits calculated in the 2001-02 school year, exclude community service levies from revenue limits. Specify that the community service levy would be excluded from a district's prior year base revenues and from a district's current year revenue limit. Exclude those levies from the definition of partial school revenues.
As requested by the department and the Governor, reduce funding by $148,100 GPR in FY02 and $189,000 GPR in FY03 to reflect anticipated expenditure levels.
Special Counselor Grant Program
Provide $50,000 PR-S (American Indian gaming revenues) in FY02 only for a special counselor grant program.
Alternative School American Indian Language and Culture Aid
As requested by the department and the Governor, provide an additional $17,000 PR-S (American Indian gaming revenues) annually to five alternative American Indian schools.
School Library Aid
As requested by the department and the Governor, provide $5,300,000 SEG in FY02 and $6,800,000 SEG in FY03 as a reestimate of the amount of income from the common school fund that will be available to distribute to school libraries.
School library aid notification - Clarify that the notice of the amount of school library aid to be received in the current school year given by the State Superintendent to school districts is made by January 10 annually and that the notice is an estimate. Clarify that the Department of Administration is no longer required to issue its warrants within 15 days after receiving such notice from the State Superintendent. Specify that the actual amount paid to each district would be based upon the amount of common school fund income available on April 15 annually. Require that the aid must be distributed by the state treasurer to each school district in one payment on or before May 1 annually. Current law requires the payment be made on or before June 30 annually.
Student Achievement Guarantee in Education (SAGE)
Approve the department's and Governor's recommendation to allow the department to renew contracts with all current SAGE schools for one or more terms of five years.
Provide $17,050,000 GPR in FY02 and $36,150,000 GPR in FY03 to fully fund class size reduction in all current SAGE schools in kindergarten through grade three. Reduce general school aids by $5,683,300 GPR in FY02 and $12,050,000 GPR in FY03 in order to adjust two-thirds funding of partial school revenues.
SAGE Debt Service Aid
As requested by the department and the Governor, reduce funding for the SAGE Debt Service Program to $300,000 GPR annually to reflect the anticipated funding necessary for districts currently receiving reimbursement for SAGE debt service projects.
Morning Milk
Rename the morning milk program the school day milk program. Require that in order to be eligible to receive a beverage under the program, the child must not receive the beverage during the school's breakfast or lunch period. This provision would first apply to aid paid to school districts in 2002-03.
Approve the department's and Governor's proposals to provide an additional $430,000 GPR in FY02 and $1,064,000 GPR in FY03 for tuition payments. Reduce general school aids by $143,400 GPR in FY02 and $354,700 GPR in FY03 in order to maintain the state's two-thirds funding goal.
Allow school districts with students residing in non tax-exempt properties to receive tuition aid if more than 4% of the district's members reside in such properties (the LaFarge and Lake Holcombe school districts are expected to qualify for this aid).
County Children with Disabilities Education Board Aids
Provide an inflationary increase of $116,000 GPR in FY02 and $214,800 GPR in FY03 for aid for County Children with Disabilities Education Boards (there are currently four boards operating in Brown, Calumet, Racine, and Walworth counties).
School Breakfast Program Funding
Provide $163,000 GPR annually in additional school breakfast program funding.
Supplemental Aid Program
Propose to make minor statutory changes to the current supplemental categorical aid program that currently affects one or two districts. It is anticipated that the Laona School district would qualify for aid under this provision.
Open Enrollment for Continuing Pupils
Approve the department's and Governor's requests to specify that if, under the full-time open enrollment program, a nonresident school board determines that space is not otherwise available for open enrollment pupils in the grade or program to which an individual has applied, the school board may still accept an applicant who is already attending school in the nonresident school district or a sibling of the applicant. Specify that a nonresident school district may include continuing pupils and their siblings in its count of occupied spaces for the purpose of determining the availability of space in the district. Specify that these provisions take effect on January 1, 2002.
Open Enrollment Transportation Aids
Approve the department's and Governor's requests to modify the appropriations for open enrollment transportation aids to allow for transportation for both full-time and part-time open enrollment programs to be paid from the same appropriation.
Milwaukee Parental Choice Program (MPCP) Reestimate
Provide $58,747,350 GPR in FY02 and $68,549,880 GPR in FY03 to reflect the estimated MPCP enrollment.
MPCP Administrative Dates and Notifications
Modify the date by which a private school is required to notify the State Superintendent of its intent to participate in the MPCP to February 1, rather than May 1.
MPCP Summer School Enrollment
Specify that the per pupil amount under the MPCP be multiplied by 40% for payments for pupils attending summer school classes at participating MPCP schools.
MPCP Aid Reduction and Levy Offset
Modify current law to: (1) delete the general school aid reduction for the MPCP for non-Milwaukee Public School (MPS) districts; (2) specify that the equalization aid received by MPS would be reduced by an amount equal to 45% of the estimated cost of the MPCP; and (3) specify that the amount levied by MPS to offset the MPCP reduction would not be counted in partial school revenues. As a result, the lapse related to the MPCP would be $26.4 million in FY02 and $30.7 million in FY03 (rather than $58.7 million FY02 and $68.3 million in FY03 under Joint Finance). Also, as a result of reducing the aid reduction and not including the offsetting levy in partial school revenues, general school aids funding would be reduced by $39.1 million GPR in FY02 and $45.6 million GPR in FY03.
Milwaukee Charter School (MCS) Reestimate
Provide $13,428,600 GPR in FY02 and $18,723,400 GPR in FY03 to reflect the estimated MCS enrollment.
Expand Milwaukee Charter School Program
Modify the Joint Finance version of the budget to expand the current Milwaukee charter-school program to allow on a pilot basis UW-Parkside to establish or contract to establish one charter school in a unified school district that is located in the county in which UW-Parkside is located, or in an adjacent county. The charter school could not operate high school grades or enroll more than 400 pupils.
Create a continuing program revenue appropriation under the UW System to receive payments from the department for the operation of a charter school by UW-Parkside. Create a continuing program revenue appropriation under the UW System to receive payments from the operator of a charter school under contract with UW-Parkside, for the costs associated with the charter school.
Specify that if the Chancellor of UW-Parkside establishes or contracts for the establishment of a charter school, then per pupil payments equal to $6,935 in 2002-03 would be paid to the charter school operator as under the current Milwaukee charter school program. Provide that the department would pay to the unified school district in which the charter school is located from the current GPR sum sufficient charter school appropriation an amount equal to the amount of school aid per pupil for which the district is eligible in the current school year multiplied by the number of pupils attending the charter school who were previously enrolled in the district. (It is anticipated that the school would be located in the Racine Unified School District. In 2000-01, equalization aid per pupil for the Racine School District was $4,715).
Provide that if the Chancellor of UW-Parkside establishes or contracts for the establishment of a charter school, biennially the Chancellor would submit a report to the Legislature that includes information on the academic performance of the charter school's pupils and on the success of the charter school's governance structure.
Provide that if the Chancellor of UW-Parkside contracts for the establishment of a charter school, then the Board of Regents could employ instructional staff for the charter school. Specify that the instructional staff would be part of the unclassified service and that instructional staff would have the meaning given in rules promulgated by the department.
Provide that the Board of Regents of the UW System could create or abolish positions from revenues associated with the charter school, and report to the Department of Administration and the Joint Committee on Finance concerning the number of these positions created or abolished during the preceding calendar year.
Provide that the salaries for instructional staff employed by the Board of Regents of the UW System who provide services for a charter school established by contract under this provision would be set by the UW System, subject to statutory restrictions and except where the salaries are a subject of collective bargaining.
Provide that if the Chancellor of UW-Parkside contracts for the establishment of a charter school, the contract would provide that the charter school would be operated by a governing board and that the Chancellor or his or her designee would be a member of the governing board. In addition, if the contract requires that the instructional staff of the charter school be employees of the Board of Regents of UW System, then the contract would also include provisions that do all of the following:
Delegate to the governing board of the charter school the Board of Regents' authority to establish and adjust all compensation and fringe benefits of instructional staff, subject to the terms of any collective bargaining agreement that covers the instructional staff. In the absence of a collective bargaining agreement, the governing board could establish and adjust all compensation and fringe benefits of the instructional staff only with the approval of the Chancellor of UW-Parkside.
Authorize the governing board of the charter school to perform specified duties for the Board of Regents with respect to the instructional staff. This authorization could include duties related to supervising the instructional staff, taking disciplinary actions with respect to the instructional staff, recommending new hires or layoffs, collective bargaining, claims, complaints, or benefits and records administration.
Provide that instructional staff employed by the Board of Regents who provide services for a charter school established by contract with UW-Parkside would be added to the definition of a state employee and could choose to form a collective bargaining unit.
Provide that the governing board of the charter school established by contract with UW-Parkside would be responsible for the employer functions relating to negotiations with the instructional staff of the charter school as a collective bargaining unit. Specify that the Department of Employment Relations (DER) would not represent the state with respect to collective bargaining negotiations with the instructional staff of the charter school and that it would be an unfair labor practice for the employees of the instructional staff for the charter school, individually or in concert with others, to refuse to bargain collectively with the certified exclusive collective bargaining representative of the instructional staff of the charter school.
Provide that DER would not be responsible for obtaining tentative agreements with the certified labor organization representing the instructional staff of the charter school. Specify that instructional staff of the charter school would not be included among the collective bargaining units for which a tentative agreement must be submitted by DER to the Joint Committee on Employment Relations and to the Legislature for approval.
Provide that any tentative agreement reached between the governing board of the charter school established by contract with UW-Parkside, acting for the state, and any labor organization representing the instructional staff of the charter school, would, after official ratification by the labor organization and approval by the Chancellor of UW-Parkside, be executed by the parties. Specify that all civil service and other applicable statutes concerning wages, fringe benefits, hours and conditions of employment apply to all instructional staff of the charter school whether or not they are included in a collective bargaining unit for which a representative is certified.
Specify that if a collective bargaining agreement expires prior to the effective date of a subsequent agreement, and a representative continues to be recognized or certified to represent the instructional staff of the charter school, the wage rates of the instructional staff would be frozen until a subsequent agreement becomes effective, and no other compensation plan or salary and benefit changes would apply.
Provide that annual leave of absence with pay for instructional staff employed by the Board of Regents for the charter school established by contract would be determined by the governing board of the charter school, as approved by the Chancellor of the UW-Parkside and subject to the terms of any collective bargaining agreement covering the instructional staff. Specify that the instructional staff would not be granted annual leave of absence without loss of pay based on accumulated continuous state service.
Specify in nonstatutory provisions that UW-Parkside would be authorized to contract to establish a charter school in a populous school district that is located in close proximity to the campus. Specify that the Legislature finds that these limitations would better enable UW-Parkside to assess the ability of the charter school to improve the academic performance of pupils. Specify that the Legislature finds that improving pupil academic performance is a state responsibility of statewide dimension and that authorizing UW-Parkside to establish or to contract to establish a charter school would have a direct and immediate effect on that statewide concern.
Delete old references to membership and shared cost per member under the Milwaukee charter school program.
High School Graduation Test
Maintain $2,500,000 GPR annual base level funding and 6.0 FTE positions.
NOTE: The Governor's veto message states that, although it is not possible through a veto to restore the $9,300,000 included in the Governor's budget, the federal government is currently considering funding to support the federal testing initiative in grades 3-8. The Governor further states that the department should be able to reallocate existing state support for testing in the elementary grades to the HSGT and if additional federal funding is not forthcoming, he will propose separate legislation to address the implementation of the HSGT.
Wisconsin Knowledge and Concepts Examinations (WKCE) and Wisconsin Reading Comprehension Test (WRCT)
Provide additional funding of $211,800 GPR in FY02 and $220,100 GPR in FY03 for administering the WKCE and $62,600 GPR in FY02 and $105,500 GPR in FY03 for administering the WRCT.
Provide additional funding of $917,000 GPR in FY03 to begin the development of customized enhancements to the WKCE, which would be aligned with the state's model academic standards.
As requested by the department and the Governor, delete the requirement that public and charter school pupils be given two opportunities to take the 4th and 8th grade WKCE. School boards and charter schools would still be required to administer the exams.
Consolidating Assessment Appropriations
As requested by the department and the Governor, consolidate the department's two appropriations related to statewide pupil assessments required under current law including: (1) the High School Graduation Test; (2) the Wisconsin Knowledge and Concepts Exams; and (3) the Wisconsin Reading Comprehension Test.
Access to Statewide Examinations
Require the State Superintendent to allow a person to view a statewide examination (the High School Graduation Test and 4th, 8th and 10th grade examinations), rather than make an examination available as under current law, if the person submits a written request to do so within 90 days after the date of administration of the examination. As is the case under current law, this provision would not apply while an exam is being developed or validated.
Require the State Superintendent to promulgate rules establishing procedures to administer this provision and that the rules, to the extent feasible, protect the security and confidentiality of the exams.
BadgerLink
Adopt the department's proposal to fully fund BadgerLink and provide $73,500 SEG in FY02 and $150,200 SEG in FY03 from the Universal Service Fund.
Library Services Contracts
Provide $161,600 PR-S (from WATF dissolution) in FY02 to replace a shared automated system at the Wisconsin Regional Library for the Blind and Physically Handicapped. See WATF dissolution under the Administration and Other Funding section of this summary.
Newsline for the Blind
As requested by the department and Governor, provide $23,000 PR-S in FY02 and $22,000 PR-S in FY03 to expand Newsline for the Blind Services.
Public Library System Eligibility for Trust Fund Loans
Allow a federated public library system whose territory lies within two or more counties to obtain a state trust fund loan.
If a system board fails to make its annual repayment amount by March 30 of any year, the State Superintendent would be required to deduct the required payment amount, plus penalty, from any state library aids due the system.
TEACH Internet Data Line Grant Program
Require the department to expend $100,000 in Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA) funds in FY02 to assist public libraries in obtaining direct Internet access.
Require Daily Pledge of Allegiance or National Anthem
Require all public and private schools to offer the Pledge of Allegiance or the National Anthem in grades one to twelve each school day.
Allow a school board to adopt a policy that requires all pupils enrolled in a school district, or all pupils enrolled in one or more schools in the school district, to wear a uniform while in school or while under the supervision of a school authority. Specifies that if a school board adopts such a policy, it must: (1) establish a method whereby a parent or guardian could exempt his or her child from complying with this policy; (2) ensure that a pupil who is exempted is not penalized academically or otherwise discriminated against; (3) notify each parent or guardian of an enrolled pupil of the policy at least three months before it is implemented by the school board; and (4) economically assist disadvantaged pupils to obtain the uniforms. These requirements do not apply to uniforms that the school board requires to be worn during extracurricular activities. These requirements do not apply to any school board that had a school uniform policy in effect on the bill's effective date and which has had such a policy in effect continuously since that date.
Require DPI to submit a report by July 1, 2005 to the Legislature that addresses: (1) methods of encouraging parental involvement in a school board's decision to require uniforms; (2) the ability of pupils to obtain uniforms; and (3) the effect of school uniforms on crime in the school.
Marriage Instruction in Schools
Effective 13 months after the publication of the budget bill, require that, if a school board offers instruction in subjects relating to human growth and development, including male and female responsibility, then it must also offer instruction in marriage and parental responsibility.
Special Observance Days
List in statute as special observance days: Abraham Lincoln's birthday, George Washington's birthday, Christopher Columbus' birthday, and Veterans Day. Add April 19, Patriots Day, to the list of special observance days. Patriots Day commemorates the battles of Lexington and Concord.
School Start Date
Eliminate the current provision that a school board may commence the school term before September 1, if it holds a public hearing on the issue and adopts a resolution to that effect in that school year. Beginning in 2002-03, schools could no longer start earlier than September 1.
Eliminate the opt out (waiver) provision for the requirement that the school term start no earlier than September 1. Provide that a school board could request the department to allow it to commence the school term before September 1. The department could only grant a request if it determines there are extraordinary reasons for granting it. Require the department to promulgate rules to implement and administer this provision.
Require that school performance reports compare district performance to others in the athletic conference.
Public School Energy Billing and Use Data
Require public utilities to provide DOA with energy billing and use data for public schools, if DOA determines that the data would help it administer or provide energy assistance to public schools, including energy assistance to those public schools with the highest energy costs.
Civil Immunity for Certain School District Employees and Volunteers
Provide that school district employees, volunteers and school bus operators who administer glucagon to pupils experiencing hypoglycemic emergencies would have civil immunity for their actions.
Children's Vision Initiative
Require school boards to request that pupils provide evidence of eye examinations and evaluations by December 31 after the pupil enters kindergarten. Add ophthalmologists to the health care providers who could perform these examinations or evaluations, in addition to optometrists and physicians as adopted by Joint Finance.
Extend from September 30 to October 31 the date by which a common and unified high school district may hold its annual meeting.
Pest Management by School Districts
The Governor partially vetoed this item. All provisions were vetoed except the requirements that schools post a notice of pesticide application during and for 72 hours following application and that al pesticide application in schools be performed by licensed applicators.
After-Hours Message for Calls concerning Dangerous Weapons in Public Schools
The Department of Justice shall provide for a person to answer telephone calls that are made after normal business hours regarding a dangerous weapon in a public school.
Exclusion from Statutory Limit on State GPR Appropriations
Exclude the department from a new requirement creating a statutory limit on the percent by which year-to-year total appropriations from general purpose revenue (GPR) can increase. The total amount appropriated, for any biennial budget period, may not exceed the projected percentage increase in state personal income for the next two calendar years.
Base Budget Reduction
Delete $723,000 GPR annually to provide for a base budget reduction of 4% in each year of the biennium to the department's GPR central operations appropriation. This provision exempts the two residential schools' GPR operations appropriation from the calculation and the reduction.
Nine-Month Vacancy Deletions
The Governor's veto message states that the total estimated GPR savings of $7,900,000 are needed to maintain the general fund balance. A partial veto of the former nine-month vacancy provision deletes the 30-day deadline for determining vacant positions; removes non-GPR funding sources from the lapse requirement; eliminates the requirement that individual appropriations be part of the determination and implementation of GPR lapses; strikes the requirement that vacancies identified be deleted; and removes the limitaiton of the lapse reuqirement to only the exeutive branch. The intended effect of the partial veto is to apportion the required GPR lapse equitably among all agencies. We are awaiting more specific information regarding the determined lapse for the department.
Grant to Beloit College
Provide $50,000 PR-S annually from tribal gaming revenues for a grant to Beloit College to educate children and adults in southern Wisconsin about Native American cultures.
National Teacher Certification Reestimate
Modify the Governor's recommendation to provide $34,000 GPR in FY02 and $135,000 GPR in FY03 above the base level of $85,000 to fully fund national teacher certification grants.
Approve the Governor's recommendation to delete the requirement that a person be a resident of this state in order to receive a grant.
Veterans in Schools
Require the State Superintendent to encourage school boards to invite armed forces veterans to school to discuss their experiences as veterans.
Distribution of Wisconsin Advanced Telecommuncations Funds (WATF)
Funds from the dissolution of the WATF are to be used for agency projects (WINSS-$579,000 in FY02; School Finance Information System-$77,800 in FY02; Wisconsin Geographical Education Program-$500,000 in FY02; WCBVI IT projects-$526,000 in FY02; and the Regional Library for the Blind and Physically Handicapped-$161,600 in FY02).
State Agency Membership Dues
The Governor partially vetoed the required lapse to the general fund or to the respective program revenue account or segregated fund of each state agency, excluding federal funds, an amount equal to 20% of the amounts expended in FY01 for the cost of membership dues in national and state oganizations. The veto message states that this provision is partially vetoed in a way that will permit DOA to apportion the overall required lapse on a more flexible basis across agencies and their appropriations. We are awaiting more specific information regarding the determined lapse for the department.
Lapse of Agency PR and SEG Appropriation Amounts to the General Fund
Require the Secretary of DOA to lapse to the general fund, from executive branch state operations appropriations funded from PR or SEG funds, an amount equal to $18,800,000 annually.
1999 Wisconsin Act 11 Lapse
Direct the Secretary of DOA to determine the amounts credited by ETF to the agency's appropriations during FY01 and FY02 to implement a partial WRS contribution payment holiday for employers authorized under 1999 Wisconsin Act 11. Require that these amounts be lapsed to the general fund.
Minority Precollege Scholarship Program
Provide $152,500 GPR in FY03 above base level funding of $1,525,000 GPR for the minority precollege scholarship program.
Provide $195,000 GPR in FY03 for career and technical student organizations.
Modify current law for vocational student organizations to instead refer to career and technical student organizations and related career and technical education programs.
Modify the current statutory requirement that the State Superintendent provide certain consultant positions in the department as follows: (1) refer to technology education, rather than technical education for two consultants; (2) refer to sciences for two consultants relating to family and consumer education; (3) add a requirement for an additional 0.5 consultant for marketing education; and (4) create a requirement for one full-time consultant in health science education.
Require the State Superintendent to provide a career and technical education and career and technical student organizations team consisting of the statutorily required consultants, rather than having a subteam within the integrated and applied curricula team as under current law.
Wisconsin Book Festival from Alternative Education Grants
Allocate $50,000 GPR in FY02 to the Wisconsin Humanities Council to organize and plan the Wisconsin Book Festival, which would highlight state authors, encourage young authors, and promote literacy. Require the department to fund the grant to the Wisconsin Humanities Council from the alternative education grant program, an annual $5,000,000 GPR categorical aid.
Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Prevention Program Administration
Reduce the Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Prevention Program administrative expenditures by $150,000 PR-S and eliminate 0.95 FTE annually to reflect revenue projections.
Agency Position Authority Reallocation
Convert 1.5 FTE PR-S project positions, responsible for managing the Child Care Information Center at the Reference and Loan Library, to permanent status.
Convert 0.4 FTE positions from federal revenue to program revenue on the School Nutrition Team.
Delete Obsolete Appropriations and Outdated References
Delete three obsolete appropriations and outdated statutory provisions.
Program Revenue Reestimates
Provide changes in program revenue expenditure authority in Teacher Certification ($339,800 in FY02 and $469,800 in FY03); School Lunch Handling Charges ($4,978,800 in FY02 and $4,975,600 in FY03); Professional Services Center Charges ($25,000 each year); Gifts, Grants and Trust Funds ($115,000 each year); State Agency Library Processing Center ($7,000 each year); Data Processing ($444,300 each year); Funds Transferred from Other State Agencies ($177,400 in FY02 and $156,200 in FY03 for operations and $238,900 each year for local aids); WCBVI and WSD Pupil Transportation (-$21,300 each year); WCBVI and WSD Non-Resident Fees (-$36,000 each year); State-Owned Housing Maintenance ($400 each year); WCBVI Leasing of Space ($40,000 each year); WCBVI and WSD Services ($27,000 each year); and Alternative School American Indian Language and Culture Education Aid ($17,000 each year).
Federal Revenue Reestimates
Provide changes in federal revenue expenditure authority in Federal Aids ($298,000 in FY02 and -$335,600 in FY03 for operations and $32,057,000 in FY02 and $31,257,000 in FY03 for local aid); Indirect Cost Reimbursements (-$53,500 each year); Federal Local Assistance ($95,200 each year); and Federal Aid to Individuals and Organizations ($101,600 each year).
Fuel and Utility Reestimate
Provide $96,100 GPR in FY02 and $25,100 GPR in FY03 to adjust the fuel and utilities budget for expected changes in prices and for statistically normal weather conditions.
Debt Service Reestimate
Adjust the agency's base by $3,100 GPR in FY02 and -$96,500 in FY03 to reflect a reestimate of debt service on authorized bonds.
Standard Budget Adjustments
Adjust the agency's base to reflect standard budget adjustments for: (1) turnover reduction, (2) full funding of continuing salaries and fringe, (3) BadgerNet increases, (4) overtime, (5) night and weekend differential, and (6) fifth week of vacation as cash.


The world's best curling players are coming to Jönköping - a unique opportunity to see the highest level of curling in one of the world's most equal sports. Enjoy an exciting event and taking part in the festivities in the city and around the arena.
Sweden and Jönköping are organizing the third event in the newly launched "Curling World Cup" 30th of January - 3rd of February, 2019. The world's best curling players will take part and compete for a total of 1.5 million in prize money. Sweden is represented by, among others, the Olympic Games team Hasselborg and Edin. The tournament in Jönköping is the final competition before the finals in Beijing (China) on 6-12th of May.
CWC is played in Jönköping Curling hall a unique curling arena that will offer top-level gaming conditions. The address is Mässvägen 8.
The CWC is played in three classes, the same as the three Olympic Curling disciplines: Ladies, Men's and Mixed Double. During four days, 15 rounds of play with 4-5 matches play for each game. At least one Swedish team plays at each game. Day five is finals, then you play one final per game. Click here for game schedule.
You can also book a VIP package - "Behind the scenes". The package includes 1 game evening, 2 course dinner at Scandic and Uppsnack "Behind the scenes" with Peja Lindholm and selected curling profiles. The VIP package applies on Saturday (Feb. 2). 17:30 to 22:00.
There are eight wheelchair accessible spaces for each match pass. You can reserve a wheelchair space by emailing kontakt@jonkopingcurling.se. Enter name and to which day and match pass you have bought ticket!
Sweden has a unique position in international curling and is ranked number one for both ladies and men.
The team to represent Sweden in Mixed Double is determined by a qualifier in Sundsvall on 16-18th of December. Other teams are taken through the respective national federation. For women, the following countries are qualified; USA, China, Canada, and so on. For men plays; USA, China, Canada etc. In Mixed Double; USA, China, Canada and so on.
In Jönköping Center (at Stora Hotellet), the municipality will set up a "Fan Corner" with curling-inspiring activities.
In the arena area there is also a "Fan Corner". Here you will find food and drinks and 30 minutes before each game there will be a host introducing the game. You may listen to interviews/ anecdotes from known curling profiles.
Scandic Hotell Elmia reserves the right to pre-authorize the hotel.
The rooms are available between 9 November and 27 December 2018.
by the Elmia Exhibition & Rosenlundsbadet.


You are here: Home Forum Rides - Do not initiate rides here. Use the Ride Calendar. Road Problems Wet road runoff becomes ice - WATCH OUT!
» Wet road runoff becomes ice - WATCH OUT!
We have received significant rain this year and so many roads stay wet with runoff. Now that it is below freezing at night, much of this runoff is icy. Especially in the morning or on shaded sections.
* Park Heights SB climb before Walnut Some Salting done here.


Creating attractive, inclusive and flexible spaces for shoppers, owners and retailers.
RPP has broad ranging experience in the retail sector. This work includes multi-million pound new-build units, fit-outs, refurbishments and general maintenance contracts for some of the leading retail names throughout Ireland and the UK, including Dunnes Stores, HMV, Kookai, Lidl, Sainsburys, Tesco and Hendersons.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Threading;
using System.Xml;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;

using DigitalPlatform;
using DigitalPlatform.OPAC.Server;
using DigitalPlatform.OPAC.Web;
// using DigitalPlatform.CirculationClient;

public partial class Preference : MyWebPage
{
    //OpacApplication app = null;
    //SessionInfo sessioninfo = null;

#if NO
    protected override void InitializeCulture()
    {
        WebUtil.InitLang(this);
        base.InitializeCulture();
    }
#endif

    protected void Page_Init(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        if (WebUtil.PrepareEnvironment(this,
ref app,
ref sessioninfo) == false)
            return;

        this.TitleBarControl1.CurrentColumn = TitleColumn.PersonalInfo;
        this.SideBarControl1.LayoutStyle = SideBarLayoutStyle.Horizontal;
    }

    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        if (WebUtil.PrepareEnvironment(this,
ref app,
ref sessioninfo) == false)
            return;

        // 是否登录?
        if (sessioninfo.UserID == "")
        {
            sessioninfo.LoginCallStack.Push(Request.RawUrl);
            Response.Redirect("login.aspx", true);
            return;
        }

        string strSideBarFile = Server.MapPath("./personalinfo_sidebar.xml");
        if (File.Exists(strSideBarFile) == true)
            this.SideBarControl1.CfgFile = strSideBarFile;
        else
            this.SideBarControl1.Visible = false;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


For those of you who don't know what cryptocurrency is allow me to give you its definition. Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency designed to work as a medium of exchange. The most popular one of this digital currency is Bitcoin which we often hear on the news. Bitcoins and other cryptocurrency can be used to pay for jewelry, apps, computer parts, hotels, flights, and even a college degree. If currency is involved, it would mean that there are people who gain from it who engage in cryptocurrency business. If you have a cryptocurrency business or are planning to start a new one, this article will give you information to discover more about the SEO techniques to help boost your business.
But why should we use an SEO strategy.? To be on the first page of Google's search results is what every cryptocurrency business wants to achieve. This is because there would be more people that can see the link for the website and thus more people will visit it. You will be able to earn more. Just like when deciding where you would want to build your business in the real world, you would want to place it where a lot of people can see your business. The more the visitors the more the money. It is also like that in the digital world. But you must have a good SEO strategy to be able to do this. Discover more now.
You should speed up your site. The last thing you would want to do is bore your customers by having them wait for a long time for the text and images to appear. Others would just give up and never visit your site again. Invest time and research into making your site run as fast as possible.
Familiarize your audience. This is for you to be able to tailor your website according to what your audience need, and what attracts them to the world of cryptocurrencies. Make sure that you satisfy them by providing them with what they want to see and thus you will have more visitors. Discover more for a thorough knowledge.
Design a functional site. Since not everyone is an expert in a computer, even those that know little should be able to navigate your website. An interactive site would increase your ranking. Be well informed about it and discover more here.
Make sure that your content is worth reading. You should create it to be relevant, informative, and interesting. Your visitors would trust you. Satisified customers would share your content on social media, and recommend your content to others. This will result to an increase in your ranking.
The last tip is to use long-tail keywords. They are keywords that consist of 3 or more words. Keywords are the key themselves to attract the right audience. Discover more for some tips.


text:
Vanderleest Departs for North Carolina
Longtime MAA board member Dirk Vanderleest departed Mississippi in August to become Aviation Director for the city of Concord, NC. He now oversees operations and development at Concord Regional Airport.
"We welcome Dirk to the city's management team," said City Manager Brian Hiatt. "We believe his experience with over 30 years in airport leadership and business development will be vital to maintaining and growing general aviation and commercial services. Concord Regional Airport is a key economic cog for this region, and Dirk's administrative and customer service skills will support its continued success."
Vanderleest had worked with Waggoner Engineering following his 2014 retirement as CEO of the Jackson Municipal Airport Authority. With his new position he leads one of the busiest airports in the Carolinas. Many of its operations are related to the motorsports industry, as most NASCAR related teams are located in the Charlotte, NC, region, and several have facilities near the airport. In addition to its strong general aviation focus, Concord Regional Airport also offers scheduled passenger service via Allegiant Airlines.
"It's a real honor and privilege to have been chosen as the City of Concord's Aviation Director," said Vanderleest. "Though Concord Regional Airport has already grown successfully in the corporate and general aviation markets, I am excited to partner with others to take it to the next level."
MAA congratulates Concord on a wise selection. We are grateful for Dirk's many years of service to aviation in Mississippi and wish Dirk and Anne the very best!
Vanderleest Departs for Carolina
GTR Supports Hurricane Relief
Lyft Now Available at GPT
New Parking Management at JAN
Air Show in Louisville, MS
In Every issue
MDOT Report
Legal/Legislative Report

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I'm the Chief Experience Officer at University of Mobile, and I make candles with Mason & Vela Candle Co.
I graduated from University of Mobile in 2013 with a bachelor's in Global Business.
I like to take photos, dabble in design, and drink good coffee. I live on the Eastern Shore in Daphne, AL., and attend the best church in America, City Hope Church.


text:
Q: Calling methods on the current Fragment in a ViewPager from Activity I am listening to network activity in an android application. When events come over the network, I would like to update some TextViews that reside inside of different Fragments in my application. Right now I have a single screen application where one Fragment is on the screen at a time.
How can I call a method on an existing Fragment inside of a ViewPager, managed by a FragmentStatePagerAdapter?
I am able to "paint" the UI correctly, it gets onscreen as expected. That all works. What I am having a tough time doing is calling a method when a background thread sends a message to my containing Activity. The thread is long running and will updated each TextView frequently (think of a countdown timer).
{thread} -> Actvity.handleMessage() -> {current}Fragment.update();
I am attempting to discern what the "current", onscreen Fragment is so that I can call a method on it to update its TextViews. I am trying to use the findFragmentByTag approach I have read about, but it is always returning a null Fragment object.
Specifically I am doing this:
private String getFragmentTag(int viewPagerId, int fragmentPosition){
     return "android:switcher:" + viewPagerId + ":" + fragmentPosition;
}

//Take the data from the thread (network) and react to it.
@Override
public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
    //tell the fragment to update itself
    //Log.v(TAG, "Handler: " + msg.what);

    int currentFragmentIndex = pager.getCurrentItem();
    Log.v(TAG, "Current Fragment Index: " + Integer.toString(currentFragmentIndex));

    String fTag = getFragmentTag(pager.getId(), currentFragmentIndex );
    Log.v(TAG, "Current Fragment Tag: " + fTag);

    ////THIS IS WHERE I AM HAVING TROUBLE!////
    Log.v(TAG, "fragment: " + getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag(fTag));
    ////THIS ALWAYS OUTPUTS:
    ////fragment: null

    //now do the update
    //currentFragment.update(sensorDataMap);

    return true;
}

Based on reading a ton and specifically this post - How to get existing fragments when using FragmentPagerAdapter
Here is the relevant code...
MainActivity.java
public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity implements Callback {
    //receive messages from the other thread
    private  Handler handler = new Handler(this);

    //the runnable listening to the network
    private UDPListener udpl;

    //we will parse the handler data into this map and store the values by int keys
    private SparseArray<String> sensorDataMap = new SparseArray<String>();

    //for logging and convenience
    private static final String TAG = "BRRT";

    //set up the fragment manager
    private ViewPager pager;
    private ScreenFragmenStatePagerAdapter fragmentManager;
    private ScreenFragment currentFragment;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        this.requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        //remove the titlebar
        this.getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN, WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);

        //keep the screen on while we are running
        this.getWindow().addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON);

        //set up the pager to move through the fragments
        pager = (ViewPager) findViewById(R.id.viewPager);
        fragmentManager = new ScreenFragmenStatePagerAdapter(getSupportFragmentManager());
        pager.setAdapter(fragmentManager);

        //start up the thread
        Log.v(TAG, "start thread");
        startUDPListener(handler);
        Log.v(TAG, "past start thread");
    }

    //start up the thread to listen to the network, pass in the handle to this thread for messages
    private void startUDPListener(Handler handler){
        //spawn the listener thread, pass in the context and the handler object
        try{
            udpl = new UDPListener(this.getApplicationContext(), handler, sensorDataMap);

            //TODO remove this debug flag
            //DEBUG
            udpl.setDebug(true);
            //DEBUG

            //set up the threaded reading, event throwing
            Thread reader = new Thread(udpl);
            reader.start();

        } catch(Exception e){
            //TODO real logging
            Log.v(TAG, "caught after trying to start thread");
            Log.v(TAG, e.getMessage());
        }

    }

    //fragile, as this depends on the current naming convention for these fragment IDs in support/v4.
    private String getFragmentTag(int viewPagerId, int fragmentPosition){
         return "android:switcher:" + viewPagerId + ":" + fragmentPosition;
    }

    //Take the data from the thread (network) and react to it. This will get back unparsed strings
    //and have to parse them in this thread, with the UI
    @Override
    public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
        //tell the fragment to update itself
        //Log.v(TAG, "Handler: " + msg.what);

        int currentFragmentIndex = pager.getCurrentItem();
        Log.v(TAG, "Current Fragment Index: " + Integer.toString(currentFragmentIndex));

        String fTag = getFragmentTag(pager.getId(), currentFragmentIndex );
        Log.v(TAG, "Current Fragment Tag: " + fTag);

        Log.v(TAG, "fragment: " + getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag(fTag));
        //Log.v(TAG, "Current Fragment Null? " + (currentFragment == null));

        //now do the update
        //currentFragment.update(sensorDataMap);

        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
        // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
        // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
        int id = item.getItemId();
        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
            return true;
        }
        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }

}

ScreenFragmenStatePagerAdapter .java
public class ScreenFragmenStatePagerAdapter extends FragmentStatePagerAdapter {
    //the set of screens we are interested in.
    private ArrayList<ScreenConfig> screens = new ArrayList<ScreenConfig>(6);

    //for logging and convenience
    private static final String TAG = "CC";

    //convenience variable to let us know what screen we are pointing at, logically
    private ScreenConfig currentScreenConfig;

    public ScreenFragmenStatePagerAdapter(FragmentManager fm) {
        super(fm);

        //set up the data.
        setupScreenData();
    }

    @Override
    public Fragment getItem(int pos) {
        //Log.v(TAG, "fragment pos: " + pos);

        //hopefully this will always work
        currentScreenConfig = screens.get(pos);
        ScreenFragment sf;

        if (currentScreenConfig.eventCount() == 1){
            sf = OneUpScreen.newInstance();
        } else {
            sf = FourUpScreen.newInstance();
        }

        sf.setConfig(currentScreenConfig);
        return sf;
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return screens.size();
    }

    //class that maps the various events to their descriptions in a screen by screen way
    //do all the grunt work of mapping screens to events
    private void setupScreenData(){
        //TODO convert this stuff to JSON so we can pass them around in Bundles

        //a 1up screen
        ScreenConfig configGun = new ScreenConfig("Gun");
        configGun.addEvent(204, "TimeToGun","Ttg", "TTG");
        screens.add(configGun);

        //the rest are 4up screens
        ScreenConfig configBowman = new ScreenConfig("Bowman");
        configBowman.addEvent(5, "ExTws","Tws", "TWS");
        configBowman.addEvent(34, "ExLayTimeOnStrb", "LayTimeOnStrb", "Time Stb");
        configBowman.addEvent(37, "ExLayTimeOnPort", "LayTimeOnPort", "Time Prt");
        configBowman.addEvent(113, "ExNextMarkTwa", "NextMarkTwa", "TWA");
        screens.add(configBowman);

        ScreenConfig configPit = new ScreenConfig("Pit");
        configPit.addEvent(88, "ExMarkTime","MarkTime", "Time Mark");
        configPit.addEvent(113, "ExNextMarkTwa", "NextMarkTwa", "Next TWA");
        configPit.addEvent(111, "ExNextMarkRng", "NextMarkRng", "Next Range");
        configPit.addEvent(112, "ExNextMarkBrg", "NextMarkBrg", "Next Brg");
        screens.add(configPit);

        ScreenConfig configUpwindTrimmer = new ScreenConfig("Upwind Trimmer");
        configUpwindTrimmer.addEvent(5, "ExTws","Tws", "TWS");
        configUpwindTrimmer.addEvent(1, "ExBsp", "Bsp", "BSP");
        configUpwindTrimmer.addEvent(54, "ExTargBspN", "TargBspN", "Tgt BSP");
        configUpwindTrimmer.addEvent(4, "ExTwa", "Twa", "TWA");
        screens.add(configUpwindTrimmer);

        ScreenConfig configDownwindTrimmer = new ScreenConfig("Downwind Trimmer");
        configDownwindTrimmer.addEvent(5, "ExTws","Tws", "TWS");
        configDownwindTrimmer.addEvent(4, "ExTwa", "Twa", "TWA");
        configDownwindTrimmer.addEvent(53, "ExTargTwaN", "TargTwaN", "Tgt BSP");
        configDownwindTrimmer.addEvent(58, "ExPolarBspPercent", "PolarBspPercent", "P Bsp %");
        screens.add(configDownwindTrimmer);

        ScreenConfig configHelmsman = new ScreenConfig("Helmsman");
        configHelmsman.addEvent(5, "ExTws","Tws", "TWS");
        configHelmsman.addEvent(1, "ExBsp", "Bsp", "BSP");
        configHelmsman.addEvent(6, "ExTwd", "Twd", "TWD");
        configHelmsman.addEvent(4, "ExTwa", "Twa", "TWA");
        screens.add(configHelmsman);

    }
}

activty_main.xml
<android.support.v4.view.ViewPager
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/viewPager"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent" />

A: Ok, I gave up on the normal way and moved to an architecture based on EventBus by green robot.
Here are the relevant java files to help you see where I ended up on this issue. I basically moved to posting to an EventBus in my network thread and receiving those events in my Fragments directly. It simplified my code greatly. There is plenty of optimization to do on the code (things like pulling Fragment and Activity lifecycle handlers into a central class or interface) but that is in the future.
Here is the MainActivity.java file. Now all it does (essentially) is set up the viewpager and kick off the network thread.
public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity {
    //the runnable listening to the network
    private UDPListener udpl;

    //for logging and convenience
    private static final String TAG = "BRRT";

    //set up the fragment manager
    private ViewPager pager;
    private ScreenFragmenStatePagerAdapter fragmentManager;

    //we will parse the handler data into this map and store the values by int keys
    private SparseArray<String> sensorDataMap = new SparseArray<String>();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        this.requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        //remove the titlebar
        this.getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN, WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);

        //keep the screen on while we are running
        this.getWindow().addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON);

        //set up the pager to move through the fragments
        pager = (ViewPager) findViewById(R.id.viewPager);
        fragmentManager = new ScreenFragmenStatePagerAdapter(getSupportFragmentManager());
        pager.setAdapter(fragmentManager);
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume(){

        //start up the thread
        Log.v(TAG, "start thread");
        startUDPListener();
        Log.v(TAG, "past start thread");

        super.onResume();
    }

    //start up the thread to listen to the network, pass in the handle to this thread for messages
    private void startUDPListener(){
        //spawn the listener thread, pass in the context and the handler object
        try{
            udpl = new UDPListener(this.getApplicationContext(), sensorDataMap);

            //TODO remove this debug flag
            //DEBUG
            udpl.setDebug(true);
            //DEBUG

            //set up the threaded reading, event throwing
            Thread reader = new Thread(udpl);
            reader.start();

        } catch(Exception e){
            //TODO real logging
            Log.v(TAG, "caught after trying to start thread");
            Log.v(TAG, e.getMessage());
        }

    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
        // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
        // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
        int id = item.getItemId();
        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
            return true;
        }
        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }

}

Here is a Fragment. All it does is configure its view, and listen for events on the EventBus.
public class OneUpScreen extends ScreenFragment {
    private Button name;
    private TextView c00Title, c00Data;

    //DEBUG
    public String title;

    //DEBUG
    private int counter = 0;

    //for logging and convenience
    private static final String TAG = "BRRT";

    @Override
    public void onResume(){
        EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
        super.onResume();
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy(){
        EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);
        super.onDestroy();
    }

    //process the bus messaging
    public void onEventMainThread(ExpeditionEvent event){      <-- READ IT FROM THE BUS
        Log.v(TAG, "OneUp event received: " + event.getEventId() + " : " + event.getEventScreenValue());
        c00Data.setText(""+counter);
        counter++;
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.one_up_screen_layout, container, false);

        name = (Button) v.findViewById(R.id.lblTitle);
        c00Title = (TextView) v.findViewById(R.id.c00Title);
        c00Data = (TextView) v.findViewById(R.id.c00Data);

        Bundle bundle = this.getArguments();

        //initial set up of the text on the screen
        //null check
        name.setText((bundle.getString("name") == null) ? "error" : bundle.getString("name"));
        c00Title.setText((bundle.getString("c00Title") == null) ? "error" : bundle.getString("c00Title"));
        title = bundle.getString("c00Title");

        return v;
    }

    public OneUpScreen(){

    }

    public static OneUpScreen newInstance() {
        OneUpScreen frag = new OneUpScreen();
        return frag;
    }

    //attach the config for this instance.
    @Override
    public void setConfig(ScreenConfig sc){
        //set up the data to paint the screen for the first time
        Bundle b = new Bundle();

        //now we have to parse some stuff into a bundle and send the bundle to the fragment
        b.putString("name", sc.getName());
        b.putString("c00Title", sc.getEvents().get(0).getCleanName());
        b.putInt("c00Data", sc.getEvents().get(0).getEventID());

        //pass it along
        this.setArguments(b);
    }

}

Here is what I call in the network listener, this is in the run) method of the Runnable...
//throw out an event for each item
EventBus.getDefault().post(new ExpEvent(key, value));   <-- PUT IT ON THE BUS

Ta-DA!!!
I hope this will help the next person who is having trouble with ViewPager, FragmentStatePagerAdapters, Fragments or threading in Android.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Sala De Estar The Sims 3 have a few photos associated each other. Find the newest photos of Sala De Estar The Sims 3 on this website, and you can pick up the images here for personal purpose. Sala De Estar The Sims 3 images are posted by Admin on April 27, 2018 at 1:26 pm. The photo collection of Sala De Estar The Sims 3 presented here is some of the most outstanding images around the internet and has been viewed by 206 users.
We keep several great pictures which you can apply as design ideas and/or for informational benefit of Sala De Estar The Sims 3. We wish that you are all enjoying our gallery of the most outstanding image of Sala De Estar The Sims 3 on this blog and manage them for personal benefit. We also provide the pictures in High Quality (HQ) Resolution which can be loaded to your desktop. What you need is just click on the compilation of Sala De Estar The Sims 3 beneath.


text:
How Do Geckos Walk on Walls? [With Science]
Have you seen geckos in the wild or inside caged zoos? What do you notice? They can climb tree trunks, scurry up walls, and walk upside down on ceilings with ease, Spider-Man style! Has it ever crossed your mind, like how it did in mine, how on earth do they pull off these gravity-defying stunts?
Geckos can walk on walls by evolving tiny hairs called setae. These minute hairs found under their toes interact via Van der Waals forces with the surface for an adhesive grip. In addition to this, a refined foot tendon accompanied with rotational walking motion enhances their sticking ability.
Stay with us to know more about the unique walking ability of geckos.
What Makes Geckos Walk on Walls?
Though some people do not find these amazing creatures interesting, I am fascinated by how geckos successfully manage to walk from different angles. It turns out that this distinct ability is because of their feet and a little bit of physical chemistry.
Van der Waals: The Force of Distance
In high school chemistry, Van der Waals was one of the forces discussed; and geckos possess an enormous amount of these weak forces.
For those of you who still remember, you can skip this and jump to the next subheading. However, if you are like one of the ordinary yet curious people, you can continue reading this subheading as I concisely explain more of this topic.
As we all know, atoms bond together to form molecules by use of intramolecular forces (called ionic and covalent bonds). Meanwhile, molecules bound together with one another to create complex molecules make use of intermolecular forces. Both intra and intermolecular forces coexist to hold complex molecules.
You might ask, how do atoms and molecules attract each other? Recall that protons and neutrons form a nucleus with electrons revolving around it. This structure is what we call an atom. Electrons are the key to intermolecular forces since they are primarily responsible for bond formation. By donating and accepting or sharing electrons, atoms form molecules. Because they are not stationary, electrons revolving around the molecule may distort the distribution of charge.
Thus, there are times when a neutral molecule may possess a temporary polarization of charges on both ends—a partially negative charge and a partially positive charge. Temporary polarization of charges can cause neighboring molecules to repel each other once like charges, i.e., negative-negative, come into contact. As a result, they would momentarily crowd at the end away from the negative charge.
Van der Waals forces are collectively a coined term to refer to these weak attractive forces between molecules. Since the nature of the attraction's strength primarily relies on distance between molecules, the two must come adequately close to each other for the forces to have a considerable effect. This is the force used by geckos all over the world!
But if they were weak, how can geckos utilize these forces to stick on ceilings without falling? The answer lies in the physiology of their feet!
Sticky Toe Pads: The Physiology of Gecko's Feet
Gecko is one of the reptiles that evolved to scuttle urban walls and rough tree trunks with ease. Unlike their lizard cousins, gecko's feet are mainly unique to them that even scientists are amazed!
What Is Not Happening?
Before we delve into the main reason why gecko's feet are so unique, let us first debunk some common misconceptions regarding the matter:
Secretion: While walking, geckos do not leave behind residues of some sort. Scientists explained that this is because geckos have no glands under their feet for secreting any sticky substance [1].
Sticking by static electricity: A team of researchers experimented by forming ions around a gecko. If geckos used static electricity, there would have been leaks of electric charge. With the feet still stuck and no leaks found, they abolished this idea.
Suction: Wolf-Dietrich Dellit demonstrated that gecko's toes remain stuck even in a vacuum, hence, refuting suction as the mechanism [2].
Micro-interlocking: Some scientists hypothesized that geckos have hook-like structures under their toes, which latch on to surface irregularities much like Velcro works. With the gecko's capability of adhering to polished glass, however, they abandoned this mechanism.
What Is Really Happening?
Now that we know that geckos do not use under-toe suction cups or bent hooks. Let us now dive into the real reason why they can walk around pretty much at all angles.
Scientists found out that geckos have a massive number of minute hairs on their pads under their feet, known as seta (plural setae) [3]. These small hairs branch out to even more strands forming little pads at their tips called spatula (plural spatulae).
To give you a perceivable thought on how tiny these branched hairs are, look at your hair and grab one strand. Now imagine a string one-tenth of its diameter! That is how fine the hairs under their feet are. With the extensive branching of these tiny pads, the surface area they can come into intimate contact with the surface the gecko is crawling on drastically increases. As a consequence, Van der Waals forces come into play.
Even though they are deemed trivial, Van der Waals forces integrated within the extensive branching of the tiny pads deploy a relatively pretty strong force as opposed to what is expected.
To have a tangible grip on how strong these forces would become under the gecko's feet, imagine that the number of hairs covering the area of a single dime can lift an object of up to 45 pounds!
Along with the toe pads and Van der Waals forces, geckos utilize a unique walking technique by exerting a rotational motion to attach and detach their feet from the surface.
By sliding their feet into position, they can assure that the toe pads are sufficiently exposed to produce the required force to stick on the surface.
If they were to straightforwardly place their feet on the surface or pull their legs off the surface, neither would generate enough force to adhere firmly nor combat the immense energy needed to pull off.
Another strategy that geckos incorporate in their walking technique is the speed of their feet. With an astounding rate recorded at 15 times of attaching and detaching per second, this is a feat knowing that they have to sustain such action to adhere. Aside from the revolutionary toe pads, geckos also have foot tendons directly attached to their skin. These specialized tendons automatically stiffen the feet during surface contact, allowing for a more even distribution of forces.
With the strengthened Van der Waals force, immensely branched setae, tweaked foot tendons, and walking strategy, geckos can walk just on any surface you can think of. Hence, this explains the real strength of the gecko feet.
Walkable Surface: Gecko's Feet Succeed
The breathtaking ability of setae surpasses beyond your imagination. It evolved to become ultra-flexible. For instance, once a gecko jumps from one surface to another, its toe pads must absorb the tremendous amount of energy from the contact and redirect it.
With the setae's flexibility, redirecting the energy does not become a problem, making it possible for the gecko to walk across any surfaces at almost any angle possible.
Unwalkable Surface: Gecko's Feet Fail
Despite the impressive feat of the gecko's toe pads, there are still circumstances where the stickiness could not adhere to a surface.
Shedding: once a gecko starts shedding its skin, the dead skin cells on the outer surface detach from the integral structure underneath. The new setae beneath the new skin are not yet exposed to any material, resulting in a less efficient sticking ability.
Moist Surface: water on moist surfaces bonds with the setae on the toe pads. This interaction inhibits the setae to solely link to the surface the gecko adheres to. Aside from this, the wet surface impairs the requisite close contact between the matter and setae.
Dust: dust on the surface also slips the gecko. The setae would indiscriminately bond with the specks of dust instead of the material it steps on. Thus, it undermines the sticky toe pads from adhering.
Oil and Soft Materials: oil and soft materials do not lack polarization per se. However, they do not permit strong connections with setae. Hence, the gecko loosens its grip. Soft materials may be likened to a thin leaf on the outside where the gecko would fall once it tries to grip it.
Nonstick Coatings: nonstick coating materials like TEFLON cripple the sticky feet of geckos. These materials are problematic for the gecko's clinging ability because they lack the polarization of charges required in Van der Waals forces.
Here is a short clip exhibiting a gecko's inhibited sticky feet on a TEFLON.
Can All geckos Walk On Surfaces?
Although you may have initially thought that all geckos possess these sticky toe pads, it is sad to say that not all families of geckos have acquired this feature. In numbers, about 40% of the approximately 1,400 gecko species [4] do not have these adhesive pads. Some families included in the list are the Carphodactylidae and Eublepharidae—the family of leopard geckos!
As a result, geckos with evolutionary toe pads can make use of vertical habitats on boulders and treetops where other kinds cannot freely climb. This benefits them by providing more access to food, such as insects and fruits, and by allowing them to avoid predators on the forest floor.
In Comparison: Gecko and Other Lizards
Lizards are known to have adapted to commonly cling on to structures, i.e., walls, rocks, and tree trunks. However, not all lizards developed the same mechanism of achieving this action.
Lizards with Different Mode of Action
For instance, some arboreal lizards evolved to have strong claws for a better grip, such as the common iguana (I. iguana), Chinese water dragon (P. cocincinus), and the massive Komodo dragon (V. komodoensis).
On the other hand, some lizards have developed a prehensile tail for clenching on to aerial supports. That is, they have a tail capable of carrying most of the bodyweight or a tail habitually used to grasp onto things. Some of the lizards having this are Solomon Islands skink (C. zebrata) and the true chameleons from the family Chamaeleonidae.
Lizards with the Same Mode of Action
Meanwhile, other lizards have similarly evolved the adaptive toe pad mechanism of geckos. For example, the family Dactyloidae, commonly known as anoles, and some skins in the family Scincidae have adhesive toes.
In Comparison: Gecko and Other Animals
Evolution in the animal kingdom takes on different paths, depending on the needs of the animal. As for us, humans, we do not yet need those sticky pads Spider-man Style! Perhaps in the future, we could have it? We will never know.
Animals with the Same Mechanism
However, other animals outside the order of lizards have developed similar features found on geckos. As a matter of fact, adhesive toe pads are diversely detected on insects, arachnids, amphibians, and mammals.
Leaf Beetles (family Chrysomelidae): unlike the ultra-flexible setae of geckos, leaf beetles evolved tiny hairs on their feet that come in various shapes: pointed, flat, and disk-like. Along with the multiple forms, the tiny hairs are arranged in patterns across the feet. Scientists believed that this phenomenon compensates for the varying amount of force needed while moving.
Spiders (order Araneae): While your naked eyes do not see the thread-like structures around the spiders, their feet are, in fact, covered in thousands of tiny hairs. Like the gecko's setae, spiders' small hairs split into even finer triangular-tipped strands called setules. Flexible like setae, setules trigger Van der Waals forces on the surface, allowing spiders to stick on ceilings and walls.
Animals with Different Mechanism
You might ask, how about those animals without setae? How do they climb and adhere to walls? All I can say is that nature works in mysterious ways and allows them to evolve differently.
Snails (class Gastropoda): to move around on flat surfaces, snails catapult themselves by generating waves of muscular pulses on their feet. These series of muscle contractions and relaxations traverse across the central portion of the foot from tail to head. While moving up a wall or across the ceiling, upside down, they secrete special mucus to provide more friction.
Tree Frogs (family Rhacophoridae): tree frogs depend on the collaborative efforts of friction and adhesion to stick on vertical surfaces. To increase their grip through friction, they adopt a spread-out stance similar to Spider-Man. In addition to this, they deploy a thin layer of sticky mucus to coat their toe pads in hopes of achieving wet adhesion.
In Comparison: Gecko and Technology
By looking at the sophisticated sticking mechanism of geckos, it is with great ambition that our scientists and engineers could come up with synthetic products by mimicking their intricate clinging ability.
As a matter of fact, you may have read about or heard of some of these nature-inspired adhesive products online or on television ads.
GeckSkin by the University of Massachusetts Amherst: composed of stiff fabrics with soft elastomers, GeckSkin depends on draping adhesion. As in a natural gecko toe pad, the fabrics are woven into a synthetic tendon to produce a similar effect to that of a gecko's mechanism.
Setex GeckoGrip by nanoGriptech: Made from a high friction microfiber surface, Setex GeckoGrip is inspired by the tiny hairs under the toe pads of geckos. It can be customized to a variety of uses, from apparel to mechanical parts.
Geckos can walk on vertical walls and upside-down on ceilings because of the branched setae under their toes. These tiny hairs interact with the surface by Van der Waals forces.
While it is generally mistaken that all geckos have this ability, around 40% of the total gecko species lack toe pads and limbs to adhere to walls and vertical surfaces.
Not all lizards follow the same mechanism as geckos when climbing steep surfaces. Some scuttle using their strong claws while others use their specialized tails as support.
Though some animals like leaf beetles and spiders have tiny hairs, other arboreal animals resort to different methods like secreting mucus in snails and suction in tree frogs.
The innovative system of gecko adhesion has inspired human technology like the adhesive and sealants industry.
[1] http://umich.edu/~hiceweb/projects/nano/Web%20Gecko%20Curriculum%20Part%202.pdf
[2] https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/secb/013/05/0288-0306
[4] https://phys.org/news/2012-06-sticky-gecko-toes-arose-independently.html
Gecko Alone While On Vacation? [7 Things To Check]
How To Properly Handle Your Geckos [6 Facts and 4 Tactics]
Why are Tokay Geckos So Expensive? (3 Reasons!)
Did you know that tokay geckos are considered pests and invasive species in some states in America? Nevertheless, when you want to buy one as a pet it's good to know whether they are expensive. This is also why more and more reptile owners are looking into getting tokays! Tokay geckos can be very expensive…
Read More Why are Tokay Geckos So Expensive? (3 Reasons!)Continue
Is Your Gold Dust Day Gecko Male or Female? (Check the Pores!)
When you have limited free space at home but want unique pets, you'd likely want to keep small and relatively social animals like the gold dust day gecko. If you're not planning to breed them, you'd want an all-female pair. But how can you tell a tiny male day gecko from a female? To differentiate…
Read More Is Your Gold Dust Day Gecko Male or Female? (Check the Pores!)Continue
8 Reasons Why Your Gecko Lays Infertile Eggs [and 5 Tips]
Finally getting your girl to lay an egg after fattening her up and finding a male to breed her with is absolutely exciting. Unfortunately, they don't always hatch making it tempting for others to cut it open just in case. And wouldn't you know it – it's empty and infertile. The 8 factors that cause…
Read More 8 Reasons Why Your Gecko Lays Infertile Eggs [and 5 Tips]Continue
3 Reasons Why Your Gecko Smells Bad [and 7 Tips]
Not everything is rainbows and roses when it comes to taking care of our lovely little geckos. As a matter of fact, they can be incredibly stinky! But how could this possibly happen when they aren't physically built to sweat or even fart – wait, do they? Geckos do not have inherent body odors. However,…
Read More 3 Reasons Why Your Gecko Smells Bad [and 7 Tips]Continue
Mold On Your Gecko's Eggs? 3 Reasons, Solutions [and 8 Tips]
If you've ever had a moldy loaf of bread, you know that it's best to chuck it straight into your trash bin. But is it the same for the moldy eggs of our little gecko friends? Does the presence of mold signal that it's time to say goodbye to the gecko egg or can it…
Read More Mold On Your Gecko's Eggs? 3 Reasons, Solutions [and 8 Tips]Continue
Do Leopard Geckos Like Blankets? [Best Fabrics]
Have you been handling your leopard gecko for quite some time? I am pretty sure you experienced it hiding inside your hoodie. However, if you were to provide a soft blanket inside its tank, do you think your gecko would cuddle it just the same? Or would your pet favor the use of a plastic…
Read More Do Leopard Geckos Like Blankets? [Best Fabrics]Continue


The Decorating Diva, AKA Carmen Natschke, serves up a digital representation of the stylish and comfortably elegant life at home that millions of followers around the globe aspire to.
With gorgeously curated content from oh so many of the world's oh so great designers there's inspiration to be found in everything from peppermint ice cream pie to vibrant paloma chairs to residential design showcases.
Frankly she had us at Pinterest. Just one glance of the superbly color coordinated covers on Carmen's Pinterest boards instantly makes us feel comfy, cozy and gets our index finger itching to click and discover.
Thank-you for the beautifully curated lifestlye, Carmen.


Meet Kent Wildlife visitor centre at Reculver Fort, Reculver Lane , Reculver CT6 6SS. Parking in car park £1 per hour .
Sorry no your lay in but we are dependent on the tides to be able to access the beach at low tide.
Lara from CITIZAN (Coastal and Intertidal zone archaeology network) will be leading a special session for us on coastal archaeology focusing on the foreshore below and around the Roman fort . You may have seen the programs recently on Channel 5 on Saturday nights regarding the project who have been systematically recording the archaeology around the coast of Britain at risk of erosion by or partially submerged by the sea.
Wear - we will be going onto the beach so sturdy shoes (your parents do not mind getting wet) or wellington boots and suitable clothing for the weather conditions (coats) and gloves.
Coffee shop on site for parents.
Please let me know who will be coming by the 17th.
New members wishing to come must first contact Peter Walker, the branch leader, in advance at Canterbury.yac@gmail.com.
July I am hoping to confirm further field experience and excavation for the July meeting during the next week .


Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn's, IBS, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease are all being calmed and rendered mostly asymptomatic by the herb kratom — the leaf of a jungle tree, used in Southeast Asia folk medicine for centuries to treat diarrhea. Imagine that!
Here's a good article for those who are curious about the cause(s) of these dysfunctions in our digestive tract.
Kratom is an herb with a natural tendency to slow the movement of food through our digestive tract. As we learn more about the 40+ alkaloids and compounds contained within this versatile tree leaf, we are finding much that might be beneficial for protection of this delicate and extremely important organ of our body.
In the interest of brevity, I'm going to let the sufferers of Crohn's Disease, IBS, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Ulcerative Colitis tell their own stories of how the herb kratom has helped them in ways that modern medicines and even surgery could not.
One of my testimonials actually comes from an Osteopathic physician. After learning about kratom by accident, and doing some reading to learn about the safety and uses of it, he tried it. Read his comments below.
Teresa Ra: "After taking dicyclomine (bentyl) for 30 yrs I discontinued taking them 3 yrs ago when kratom changed my world.
During all those yrs I had several emergency surgeries to remove incarcerated bowel, a life threatening situation which normally would have left me with a colostomy (sp). My surgeon, knowing my level of activity, decided, just a narrowing of my intestines would work for me. The inches of intestines removed caused daily episodes of excruciating pain for so long, accompanied with extreme weakness.
All of that was left behind when kratom entered my world, no more bentyl, no more surgeries which totaled 9 times my abdomen was incision opened.
No more pain meds, no more procedures to freeze (cryo therapy) the balls of nerve endings left from my surgeries!
An Osteopathic Physician from Michigan: "I was diagnosed with Crohns in 2011. Pretty severe GI bleed. So of course my bowel habits changed dramatically. I was unresponsive to meds so I had surgery summer 2012. Very complex, had bowel perforation, ended up with an ostomy.
Well after removing a portion of my colon as well as terminal ileum, I started having a lot of diarrhea. Literally 3-4 times a day was a good day.
Tried all the normal meds and nothing helped. I actually heard about kratom by accident. I was reading an article (about something else) and it mentioned you could buy Kratom on amazon. Kratom? Never heard of it, I thought. So I thought I would research it.
I only found two deaths associated with its use and the deaths were caused by the kratom being laced with very strong narcotics. I had more surgeries for adhesions and hernia, but the colon wasn't doing what it should do,absorb the water that was a waterfall out of my rear end. I saw it (kratom) was used for abdominal issues as well for pain (having Crohn's disease, I am not a stranger to chronic pain and narcotic meds).
Found a shop in Michigan and tried kratom. I'm sure it did something for my pain but the biggest thing was I no longer had diarrhea. The amount of dehydration I had with my ostomy and after it was removed left me with chronic kidney disease. Kratom helped with that.
I was down to an actual normal stool once a day! This hadn't happened in two years! In fact my kidney function had improved as what's left of my colon had an opportunity to absorb water. So kratom has definitely helped the quality of my life. I'm sure my pain is better as well, it could also be just healing over the past couple of years. My mood also seems better, so it is something I am glad I have in my life.
More Clues to the Cause of Crohn's, etc.


text:
Interview: Paul Quinn of SAXON
AntiHero MagazineMay 4, 2022
Life hath no fury like a legend in full roar … and on February 4th, 2022, Saxon showed just that to the world when they released their 23rd studio album, Carpe Diem, through Silver Lining Music, serving notice to anyone who ever felt otherwise that they remain both vanguards and masters of British Metal. Comprised of 10 titanic tracks bristling with steel-clad riffery and proud intent, the Barnsley (UK) born band draws on a variety of ingredients from the career to forget what is their most dynamic release in many a year.
"It all starts with the riff," says frontman and co-founder Biff Byford, "if the riff speaks to me, then we're on our way. It's a very intense album, and that's all down to the fact that the essence of a great metal song is the riff that starts it, and this album has loads of them."
Unleashing today the title track's roll-back attack, this is Saxon at their purest and most definitive; aggressively parading the pure metal flag and imploring fans old and new to gather and celebrate the very best of both Saxon and the genre itself.
"In Latin, it means 'seize the day' and I think it's a great thing to say," continues Biff "it's what the Romans used to say to each other on a regular basis, apparently, never having met one, I wouldn't know! But we're gonna do the Seize the Day world tour, the album's Carpe Diem, this song's called "Carpe Diem (Seize the Day)" and it's such a powerful thing to say."
Carpe Diem will be available in a variety of formats and pre-orders can be placed at this location.
Produced by Andy Sneap (Judas Priest, Exodus, Accept and Priest guitarist) at Backstage Recording Studios in Derbyshire with Byford and Sneap mixing and mastering, Carpe Diem strikes the ear as one of the most essential British metal statements of the last few years and not lacking in pace or bite, an album which will ignite the joy in stalwart supporters and attract a whole new legion to the Saxon fold.
"We want every album we make to go platinum," says Biff defiantly. "We never make an album that we don't expect to be fantastic because there are no laurels around here, and as a band, we're always trying to do something a little bit new, a little bit daring. I love fast metal like "Princess of the Night" and "20,000 Feet", and I try and bring that style of Saxon into the music now, but in a more modern style. We don't sound like an old band on records because we're not sitting back on our past success, we're always trying to make a great album."
The genesis of Carpe Diem's fierce intensity lies in two extremely significant life events – "It's been a difficult two years," offers Biff with considerable understatement, "because I had the heart attack back in September 2019, so things went a bit pear-shaped for the band. And then Covid hit two or three months later, but luckily, we started writing and recording this album before Covid. We did the drums in Germany, and we did the guitars in various places. I was doing a lot of writing while I was in the hospital bed, and we spent quite a long time writing and arranging the ideas that we all had. I do think it's a very intense album, and maybe some of that intensity comes from the frustration of not being able to do anything in the Covid period."
In addition to legendary frontman Biff – and stage right since the band's inception – has been guitarist Paul Quinn. Saxon was the second concert that I, as a young teen rock fan, attended back in 1983 on their Power and The Glory tour. I was lucky enough to catch up with Paul Quinn via Zoom.
ANTIHERO: How were the recent live shows in Manchester and London?
Paul Quinn: Yeah, we've done Manchester and London already, and every band played great, and every band went down the ultimate storm. They were sell-outs. You can't improve on that.
ANTIHERO: It must have been a relief again after the gigs were canceled so many times.
Paul Quinn: The first one was Biff's bypass or heart attack. After that, it became almost impossible to meet, apart from the few, what do you call them? I don't know whether to call them un-lockdowns, but we managed to do some recording with other people, not necessarily the whole band all the time.
ANTIHERO: It must have been strange for you, because playing live has been such a part of your life for so long, to not have anything for a couple of years.
Paul Quinn: Yeah, it was hard. I'm quite a bouncy character, but I got quite depressed. You could call it the tears of a clown, but it was a hard time.
ANTIHERO: I think it was a very difficult period again, from a fan perspective, because you do miss that going out, and being able to unwind and going out, having a few drinks, meeting friends, and going out to watch bands like yourself play live. It's as much a part of my life as it has been, I assume, for yourself.
Paul Quinn: I know how much fans look forward to everything, and we do the same, but we go away for much longer to do it. It's a little different because we're all in our little bus bubble. Yeah. I'm sure the enjoyment is the same because we're not just trying to impress the audience. We're trying to impress each other.
ANTIHERO: Even now?
Paul Quinn: Those last two shows were fierce.
ANTIHERO: Of course, you've got a new album out, and obviously its creation was in completely a different, surreal condition for the world. Obviously, Biff had his heart attack, there was social isolation. Was it the first time that the band has created an album pretty much separately, where you've not been in the studio performing live?
Paul Quinn: Yeah, it didn't use to be possible. Before very large file emails, which are courtesy of, what's it called? Dropbox. And others, of course. It's a testament to how much we know each other, and how we can give the feeling that we are playing together.
ANTIHERO: Has the album process as a band changed much over the years? When you do an album, do you still stick to how it used to be, in terms of song creation, putting your guitar riffs to Biff's vocals? Has that process stayed the same, pretty much, over the years?
Paul Quinn: It's dependent on…because he writes lyrics after the music, usually. He can ask for changes if it needs it, but in a normal situation, he'd follow what the guitar riff was unless he'd already gotten most of the ideas for a song. Sometimes he thinks the backing suits a different set of lyrics, and I'll switch them around.
ANTIHERO: How would you describe your relationship with Biff? Obviously, the two of you are the last men standing, so to speak, from that first Saxon album, way back. How would you describe your chemistry, the bond that you have together?
Paul Quinn: Well, mostly respect, to get this far. Brotherly, up to a point. You know how brothers can fight.
ANTIHERO: Yeah, sure.
Paul Quinn: We respect each other's abilities.
ANTIHERO: Obviously, looking over the band's history, has it been difficult to keep going at certain points? Obviously, that court case with the ex-members, the TV programme, was it difficult to get through? Was it, at a point, very difficult to get that Yorkshire grit and determination out there, and keep going as a band?
Paul Quinn: At times. You have to be bombastic enough to think that you are worth it. Sorry Loreal, but we are.
ANTIHERO: In recent years, you mentioned Biff's heart attack, and Nigel obviously had health problems as well. Has it caused you to modify or review your own personal lifestyle, and maybe make adaptations and changes? Biff and Nigel have both had very serious health issues. I wondered if that has caused you to maybe modify or change your own personal lifestyle.
Paul Quinn: Actually, no. Apart from less alcohol I'm not particularly any more energetic or eating any less. Or whatever. I've not changed my lifestyle, I very much doubt if they've changed their own very much.
ANTIHERO: You have created so many classic and iconic songs. Has it created a huge weight of pressure to match that subsequently, with each album that you bring out?
Paul Quinn: Kind of, yeah. We've got the secret weapon, which is Nibbs Carter.
ANTIHERO: How do you view the band's legacy? It must fill you with extreme pride that you're still around here, still playing sold-out shows, still releasing high-quality albums after this time.
Paul Quinn: It's addictive, as you can imagine. Being a musician is addictive, because of the adulation and the adrenaline, which is why it's hard when you must stop. For the last two years, I felt like I'd retired. Dealing with it, it makes you smile a lot. When you can look at yourself on YouTube and go, "Yeah, I did that right."
ANTIHERO: What about those many song classics? How do you still retain freshness and vigor? I'm sure you played those songs many, many, many times. How do you still retain that vibrancy when performing them yet again, live?
Paul Quinn: That's a difficult question. I don't know. I think it's the reaction of the audience. When I start "Princess of the Night," I can feel the vibe.
ANTIHERO: You must be so proud of yourself, being a part of songs that have played a large part in so many people's lives.
Paul Quinn: That's a great feeling. To be a part of musical history, as well as people's personal history.
ANTIHERO: Looking back to the creation of some of those classic songs, is there a different feel that comes over you? Do you get hairs on the back of the neck when you think, "I like that. I'm very proud of that." Or does a song only retain its classic status when it's picked up and globally received by an audience? When you create something like "Denim and Leather," or "Wheels of Steel," do you get a special buzz when you do a song like that? Or is it a case of, "That's another song, we'll go out and play it live, and see how it goes down?"
Paul Quinn: I don't really know. I can't really answer that one.
ANTIHERO: You must have seen so many changes in the music industry since you first started out. What are the best and worst things about being a professional musician in 2022?
Paul Quinn: They're both Spotify. The best thing is being able to listen to other music for next to nothing, and the worst thing is selling your own music for next to nothing.
ANTIHERO: Yeah, that must be so frustrating as an artist, to not be fully recompensed for what you've done. It's like somebody working and being paid significantly less than what they deserve.
Paul Quinn: Yeah. Bless Metallica for having to go at, what was it? Napster.
ANTIHERO: That's correct.
Paul Quinn: That was a dumb name.
ANTIHERO: Indeed. Outside of Saxon, I didn't realise that you had another band. Tell me about The Cards, and what was the reason behind creating music outside of Saxon?
Paul Quinn: I wanted a more bluesy outlet that could give my slightly more commercial side and outlet. As are all of Saxon, I'm a well-rounded musician.
ANTIHERO: I can understand that.
Paul Quinn: Because I don't diet very much. There are elements of The Cards that veer towards the sixties.
ANTIHERO: Your musical roots?
Paul Quinn: Which I really liked. The other two, I found Harrison, who sings and plays bass and keys, in Doro's band at the time.
ANTIHERO: I see.
Paul Quinn: We got together because Harry was living in The Hague, in Holland, at the time. He'd just moved there closer to Germany, where Doro Pesch is based. He had already used Koen Herfst as a session drummer on his own material. He said, "We should have this guy," who recently joined Vandenberg as well, so he's got a lot of jobs, Koen. In between, we're trying to make a second album.
ANTIHERO: Do you still have goals, dreams, and ambitions?
Paul Quinn: Wow. I'd like to see Both bands doing well. Saxon have always been there, and deserve a lot better than they got, really.
ANTIHERO: Definitely agree with that.
Paul Quinn: From mostly crap management.
ANTIHERO: Just a couple to finish. A few years ago, Biff released a book. I wondered if you had any thoughts on maybe bringing out a book yourself, or is that something that's never interested you?
Paul Quinn: No, I don't think my, let's put it in inverted comments like everybody else, I don't think my journey's been as interesting as his.
ANTIHERO: No plans in that direction at all then?
Paul Quinn: No, it's not something that is of importance to me.
ANTIHERO: The final one then. I'm sure you've done many interviews, many conversations, and many chats with people over the years, but is there a personal hero who you would like to interview if given the opportunity if the roles were reversed? A personal hero perhaps?
Paul Quinn: Oh, okay. Probably Jeff Beck.
ANTIHERO: What about outside music? Have you any sort of heroes, or somebody that's been a personal inspiration to you, maybe in your life?
Paul Quinn: I'm influenced by many guitarists, that's why I'm hard to pin down. I can name some. There's Beck, there's Clapton, there's Hendrix. There's Peter Greenbaum, there's Steve Howe, Blackmore. Jimmy Page, Angus. We were starting roughly the same time we heard ACDC, so there's a bit of a crossover fight. Yeah. I can't think of anybody else, apart from legends of soul music, because I do like my soul.
ANTIHERO: Okay. That's a surprise.
Paul Quinn: Stevie Wonder would be a great one to interview. If you can keep him off his keys for half an hour.
ANTIHERO: I'll let you get on. Thank you very much. I appreciate you still doing this when you're not feeling 100% healthy. Thank you very much. Take care and good luck with the new album.
Paul Quinn: Great stuff.
Interview: Steve Diggle of BUZZCOCKS
A Conversation with Wendy Dio – DIO: DREAMERS NEVER DIE
Interview: Jesse Hasek – 10 YEARS
Interview: dUg Pinnick of KING'S X
Interview: Miljenko Matijević of STEELHEART
Interview: Timothy B. Schmit from The Eagles
Interview with ANN WILSON
Interview: TED NUGENT
Interview: Guitarist Ronni Le Tekrø
Interview: Ralph Salati of DESTRAGE
Interview: Rich Moss of STONE BROKEN
Interview: A Conversation with Gary Spivack of DANNY WIMMER PRESENTS
Interview: Joel Birch of THE AMITY AFFLICTION at Vans Warped Tour 2018
Interview: DOYLE Wolfgang von Frankenstein
Interview: Josh James of STICK TO YOUR GUNS at Carolina Rebellion 2018