text:
International Co-operation Digitalisation Artificial Intelligence Reimagining Democracy
Democracy, Digitalisation
Public Space in Private Hands: Elon Musk and Twitter
Twitter going private due to Elon Musk's bid for a takeover has severe implications for public space as a democratic pillar—and for the war in Ukraine.
Vincent F. Hendricks
Professor of Formal Philosophy; Director of Center for Information and Bubble Studies, University of Copenhagen
There has been much chatter this year as to whether billionaire Elon Musk, behind companies like Tesla and SpaceX, should be allowed to buy Twitter, which was named the "de facto digital town square" by the very same Musk at a recent TED conference. Ever since his USD 44 billion bid in April 2022, there has been much back-and-forth between Musk and Twitter as to the conditions of the proposal to take the platform private, resulting in its stock bouncing up-and-down in accordance with Musk's concerns and predicaments related to the buyout offer.
But as of 27 October, 2022 Elon Musk now owns Twitter hook, line and sinker to "help humanity", and has started his "kitchen sinking" by firing executives, possibly reinstating former president Donald J. Trump's account, getting rid of bot accounts and launching other initiatives pointing every which way including first tweeting and then deleting an unfounded claim related to the attack on Paul Pelosi.
Dear Twitter Advertisers pic.twitter.com/GMwHmInPAS
Elon Musk's tweet to advertisers explaining why he in the end decided to buy Twitter, 27 October, 2022.
The story is developing right now, but in all of this there is a backstory not to be forgotten. It has to do with the essential role of public space for liberal democracy—and the war in Ukraine.
On 23 October, 2019 during a hearing of the US House of Representatives Financial Services Committee, democratic congresswomen Alexanderia Ocasia-Cortez got Facebook's founder and director Mark Zuckerberg to admit that one could indeed buy one's way to misinformation campaigns on Facebook. A week after Zuckerberg's admission, something happened on another social platform —Twitter. Twitter's (now former) CEO and co-founder, Jack Dorsey, announced a ban on political marketing across all of Twitter. Dorsey's announcement was made through a series of tweets of an almost Kantian inspiration, forming one single categorical imperative and nine submaxims, which are now known as "Jack Dorsey's 10 theses'':
We've made the decision to stop all political advertising on Twitter globally. We believe political message reach should be earned, not bought. Why? A few reasons…
This imperative is followed by the submaxims, which point out among other things:
powerful political advertising may drive voters in unfortunate directions and affect millions of lives
political marketing on the internet presents whole new challenges for public debate and for democracy, because of the potential for micro-segmentation of voter groups, misinformation and deep fakes
there is a need for more regulation in the area of political ads
The tenth and final thesis addresses the question that has long been the subject of public debate, namely what is the relationship between social platforms and the central democratic value of freedom of expression:
A final note. This isn't about free expression. This is about paying for reach. And paying to increase the reach of political speech has significant ramifications that today's democratic infrastructure may not be prepared to handle. It's worth stepping back in order to address.
The social platforms are private companies, who own everything from the users' profiles to the generated content. If you can't agree to the platforms' terms of use, you can just create your own server and broadcast to the world. If platforms remove a post or video, the argument is typically that it isn't a violation of free speech since you can just find another place to express yourself. However, the platforms of private companies have become so big and constitute such a large part of the public space and infrastructure that, where opinions are voiced and democracy lives, they have gained an almost monopoly-like power.
The role of public space
In the age of information, public space should be understood as a special information structure, rather than having physical entrance criterium as an actual town hall does. Public spaces constitute a fundamental base for democracy: with unlimited access to a centrally located public space comes freedom, and the ability for as many people as possible to share information and ideas in a way that incorporates them into society's collective consciousness.
In modern democracy, public spaces play a constant and fundamental democratic role in the provision of mutual recognition between citizens. In these public spaces, the physical presence of the whole of society's citizens, in all their forms and appearances, establishes a public signal which inscribes itself in our collective consciousness. Society women with fanciful hats, the homeless on their cardboard boxes, children acting up, the elderly with walking frames, sweaty school teachers with kids chasing pigeons, yuppies sipping cocktails, students with blue lit faces from Instagram's reflection glare, workers with their raw fists wrapped around hotdogs—they all have a right to a place in this consciousness. We are all represented through our collective consciousness and common background knowledge: they form the basic premises for a democratic debate, the framework of which is based on equality, freedom and mutual respect. The common value of public space is a fundamental value for democracy, whether we think of the City Hall Square in New York City or the steps of the Lincoln Memorial that provided the backdrop for Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech.
Trust in the Future: Who makes decisions is as important as the decisions themselves by Hajar Yagkoubi, Former UN Youth Representative; Co-Founder, 2100, Impact Economy Foundation
Whether in the board room or political field, it is time for broad prosperity in decision making—and this generation is ready to bring it, now and in 2100.
When public space serves as a fundamental democratic pillar, it is a central premise that no one may claim special interest in or capitalise from it, as it would no longer be equal for all nor provide equal access. The past 15–20 years has seen a paradigm shift in our understanding and ownership of the public space. In conjunction with public space increasingly becoming digital infrastructure, our temporal physical presence in the same physical space has become less important.
It is not democratic nations or supranational organisations that have facilitated this massive transformation of public space but private enterprise, and primarily BigTech: Google, YouTube, Amazon, Microsoft, Apple, SpaceX, Starlink and not least Meta/Facebook running the world's largest town hall with one third of the global population. These tech companies, however, do not answer to the founding democratic principles, but instead to their advertisers and stockholders.
It may very well be that all citizens have gained a voice, in so far that virtually anyone can have a profile on a social platform. What is of interest however, is not that we've all gained a voice but whether our voice is heard. Some people and some things are heard and seen more than others in the information market, which is ruled by the attention economy; hence some privileged parties have a greater possibility of becoming part of our collective consciousness.
Much may be said about democracies but they've seldom, if ever, been decidedly pecuniary profitable. Democracy is the societal model that we in democratic nations have thought of as the pre-eminent way of securing both individual and collective interest. With the dominance of BigTech it's worth asking whether public space should be left to private enterprise—or if in reverse it is downright detrimental to the individual as well the collective.
Had we once again consulted Kant, Rousseau or Montesquieu, who contributed to carving out the philosophical path for democracy during the Enlightenment, whether the infrastructure of public space should be on private hands, their answer would have been a firm and resounding, "No thanks!". There can't be any special interests and no one should be able to capitalise on democratic infrastructure if the marketplace of free ideas is to be actually free and equally accessible to all.
Thus, there are two questions for the global (democratic) community to seriously consider right now:
Should one private person with just two hands be allowed to own the entire digital public space? Musk who, as the new owner of Twitter, just engaged in spreading and then retracting misinformation to his 112 million followers on the platform pertaining to the assault on Paul Pelosi. And while we're at it;
Should the same one person have the privilege to fund, and consequently decide, whether an entire country (in this case Ukraine) has access to the digital information infrastructure (in this case SpaceX's Starlink) required to keep fighting against Russian aggression?
Read the full report Building Trust to Reinforce Democracy: Key Findings from the 2021 OECD Survey on Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions and learn more about our work!
Vincent F. Hendricks is Professor of Formal Philosophy at The University of Copenhagen. He is Director of the Center for Information and Bubble Studies (CIBS) funded by the Carlsberg Foundation. Hendricks is the author of multiple books on logic, methodology, formal epistemology, attention economics, information theory and bubble studies and has been was awarded a number of prizes for his research among them The Elite Research Prize by the Danish Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, The Roskilde Festival Elite Research Prize, Choice Magazine Outstanding Academic Title Award and The Rosenkjær Prize. He was Editor-in-Chief of Synthese: An International Journal for Epistemology, Methodology and Philosophy of Science between 2005-2015.
Digitalisation, Global Economy
Technology Is Not Failing—It is transforming the Economy
Digitalisation, Health & Well-being
Rural Routers: How digital technology can improve equity in health care
Digitalisation, Work & Skills, Digitalisation
Atlas of AI: Power, Politics and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence by Kate Crawford
COVID-19 Crisis, Digitalisation, Languages
Point de vue : Promesses, écueils et potentiel de la gouvernance technologique mondiale
COVID-19 Crisis, Digitalisation, Equal Opportunities, Work & Skills, Inclusive Growth, Digitalisation
The promises, pitfalls and potential of global technology governance
Public Space in Private Hands


Dierks Bentley has released the cover art, release date and tracklist for his much-anticipated new album, Black, today (29/3). Preceded by the catchy single Somewhere on a Beach, Dierks will release the new album May 27th.
It's a pleasant surprise to see duets with up-and-coming stars Elle King and Maren Morris on Dierk's new album, but truth be told, we're just here for Dierks himself. You can see the album's cover art below, as well as the video for new track I'll Be the Moon.


text:
Con il termine arpionismo si intende, in meccanica, un dispositivo che permette un movimento (generalmente rotatorio) in un senso ma lo impedisce nel senso opposto. Rientra nei "dispositivi di frenatura".

Uso
Gli arpionismi sono impiegati come sistemi di sicurezza in molte strutture per impedire che un elemento (generalmente un ingranaggio) possa muoversi in senso opposto al voluto creando pericolo per gli operatori, per esempio negli argani per il sollevamento di materiali pesanti o per il movimento delle àncore delle navi. Un tipo molto semplice di arpionismo è rappresentato dal sistema che impedisce la rotazione all'indietro della ruota posteriore della bicicletta consentendo solo quello verso l'avanti producente il moto del veicolo. Un altro esempio può essere rappresentato dal meccanismo di caricamento degli orologi meccanici che si compie manualmente in una sola direzione.

Struttura
Il tipo più semplice di arpionismo consiste in un elemento mobile (spesso caricato da una molla) provvisto di una sporgenza di forma non simmetrica che va ad ingaggiare i denti di un ingranaggio permettendone la rotazione solo in un senso e bloccandolo nell'altro (arpionismo irreversibile). Tuttavia vi sono molte varianti: una è quella per cui l'elemento sopra citato può essere corretto nella sua posizione e collocato in modo da impedire la rotazione nel senso in cui prima la permetteva, e viceversa (arpionismo reversibile).
Lo stesso principio può naturalmente essere applicato ad un elemento non necessariamente circolare: ad esempio una cremagliera può essere comandata nello stesso modo permettendone lo scorrimento in un solo senso. Molti arpionismi sono disinseribili a mano oppure mediante un controllo meccanico.

Bibliografia
 AA.vv., Enciclopedia Universale Rizzoli Larousse, Milano, Rizzoli, 1971
 AA.vv., La Nuova Enciclopedia delle Scienze Garzanti, Milano, Garzanti, 1988 ISBN 88-11-50451-1

Voci correlate
Binda (attrezzo)

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Componenti meccanici

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


DDP VERIFY not working or now useless?
Used to create a verification file, now nothing happens.
Yes Im aware a checksum is generated during DDP creation.
Would be nice to prove to the clients the DDP is for real.


text:
Nursing home generator requirements challenged
Published on September 27, 2017 in Statewide/Top Headlines by News Service Of Florida
Pointing to "impossible" timeframes, an industry group has filed a legal challenge to new requirements by Gov. Rick Scott's administration that nursing homes and assisted-living facilities quickly install generators to power air-conditioning systems.
LeadingAge Florida, which represents more than 100 nursing homes and assisted-living facilities, filed the challenge late Tuesday in the state Division of Administrative Hearings, according to documents posted on the division website. The Scott administration issued the generator requirements after the deaths this month of residents of a Broward County nursing home that lost air conditioning because of Hurricane Irma.
LeadingAge Florida and another industry group, the Florida Health Care Association, contend that it is unrealistic to expect facilities throughout the state to install generators within 60 days, as is required in the emergency rules issued last week by the state Agency for Health Care Administration and the state Department of Elder Affairs.
In the legal challenge, LeadingAge Florida said penalties for failing to comply with the generator requirements could include revoking the licenses of nursing homes and assisted-living facilities.
"There is no emergency that requires the imposition of an impossible deadline and the imminent revocation and imposition of fines on assisted living facility and nursing home licenses throughout the state," the 17-page challenge said. "The emergency rules would create an emergency rather than solve one."
Scott directed the Agency for Health Care Administration and the Department of Elder Affairs to issue the rules after eight residents of The Rehabilitation Center at Hollywood Hills died Sept. 13. Three more died later. The Broward County facility's air-conditioning system was knocked out Sept. 10 by Hurricane Irma, but residents remained in the sweltering 152-bed home until the deaths and a resulting evacuation.
Under the emergency rules, nursing homes and assisted-living facilities have 45 days to submit plans that would involve acquiring generators to ensure temperatures could be maintained at 80 degrees or cooler for 96 hours after losing electricity. Nursing homes and assisted-living facilities would have to carry out the plans within 60 days.
LeadingAge Florida and the Florida Health Care Association held a meeting Friday in Tallahassee about the emergency rules, with industry officials saying they did not think facilities could meet the deadlines. Among the concerns were the amount of time needed to upgrade facilities' electrical systems and order and install generators.
But Agency for Health Care Administration Secretary Justin Senior, speaking at the meeting, said the Scott administration intended to move forward with the rules and would publish a list of facilities that comply.
"We do think that this is going to be a significant step forward in the safety that our elders experience during a crisis like Hurricane Irma," Senior said during the meeting. "We're going to be working aggressively across the state in the coming couple months to ensure that every facility is fully prepared to comply with these new requirements."
The legal challenge raises a series of issues in arguing that the rules are invalid. As an example, it contends that the rules violate part of state law "by providing inadequate procedural protections."
"The emergency rules impose impossible standards and then authorize revocation and require fines of assisted living facility and nursing home licensure when those impossible deadlines are not met," the challenge said. "The emergency rules also take action beyond that which is necessary to protect the public interest. The agency's explanation of the emergency which led to the publication of the emergency rules is inadequate to demonstrate an immediate threat to the public health, safety and welfare."
The challenge also argues that the problems at The Rehabilitation Center at Hollywood Hills do not justify the emergency rules.
"Florida has maintained a large population of elderly for many years, and thousands of those residents have resided safely in assisted living facilities and nursing homes in Florida," the challenge said. "Only the recent events at a single nursing home in Broward County are cited as the basis for declaring an immediate threat to the public's health and safety. The Agency (for Health Care Administration) and Department (of Elder Affairs) have not made any findings that indicate that the actions taken at that nursing home, which both agencies describe as an `incompetent response by a nursing facility to a loss of air conditioning after Hurricane Irma' are present in any other nursing home or in any assisted living facility in Florida."
But when talking with reporters last week, Senior appeared to reject the logistical concerns raised by nursing homes and assisted-living facilities about adding generators.
"We think very strongly that the cost of not complying with this rule is greater than the cost of compliance," he said.
Republished with permission of the News Service of Florida.
Tags: Agency for Health Care AdministrationAir conditioning systemsassisted living facilitiesBroward CountyDepartment of Elder AffairsFlorida Health Care AssociationgeneratorsHurricane IrmaLeadingAge Floridanursing homesRick ScottThe Rehabilitation Center at Hollywood Hills
Florida State University President John Thrasher announced the members of the President's Advisory Panel on University Namings and Recognitions,
In the wake of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria, U.S. Senators Marco Rubio and Bill Nelson,
News Service Of Florida
The News Service of Florida provides journalists, lobbyists, government officials and other civic leaders with comprehensive, objective information about the activities of state government year-round.
Pension numbers increase budget pressure
Workers' comp drops off legislative map
Previous Story Previous post: Morgan & Morgan sued on false advertising claim
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Florida State University President John Thrasher announced the members of the President's Advisory
In the wake of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria, U.S.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Six-month-old new media site Ozy is jumpstarting its distribution and has struck a partnership with U.S. nonprofit radio network NPR.
The alliance, officially announced on Tuesday, broadens ties between the two news organizations since NPR's popular program "All Things Considered" has been producing weekend segments featuring Ozy's stories.
No money is changing hands. Ozy plans to capitalize on NPR's reach online with its more than 20 million monthly unique visitors - more than four times Ozy's online audience - to help more people see its content on NPR's home page.
Additionally, NPR will promote Ozy's articles through its Facebook page, which has nearly 4 million fans.
"We are doing this because we think our audience and Ozy's audience ought to know each other," said Scott Montgomery, head of digital news at NPR.
NPR has other media partnerships with Global Post and Kaiser Health.
"We looked at folks like NPR and a handful of others representing high quality journalism," said Carlos Watson, the co-founder of Ozy. "Our hope is to partner with people like that to take premium journalism to the next level."
The site, which has a dozen full-time global editorial staff and a network of contributors, recently hired Steven Butler, a former foreign editor for Knight Ridder Newspapers, as a senior editor, and Dwayne Shaw, who joined as creative director from Entertainment Weekly.
Backed by Laurene Powell Jobs, the widow of Apple co-founder Steve Jobs, angel investor Ron Conway, German media company Axel Springer and others, Ozy has joined a crowded field. A spate of media startups like Vox, BuzzFeed, Upworthy, First Look Media and longer established organizations like the New York Times, The Washington Post and CNN are all fighting for reader attention.
"I do think Ozy has one thing in its favor that most of those players don't," said Louise Rogers, an investor and board member. "It's not a generalist site. It's much more editorially focused."
Watson, who is a former MSNBC anchor and co-founded the site with former Goldman Sachs associate Samir Rao, maintains that there is room enough for Ozy. Named after Shelley's poem "Ozymandias" the goal is to tell reader what is going to happen next covering topics such as science, technology, politics and culture.
"We are singularly focused on building a product," Watson said citing the popular cable shows "Mad Men" and "Breaking Bad." "In both of those cases, they focused on a really terrific product, then spent a bunch of time growing their audience, and ultimately monetized it."


Zucchini is sauteed with red onion, mushrooms, tomato and herbs. You can use any veggies you like. Serve over pasta, if desired.
Heat oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Saute onion with salt and pepper for 2 minutes. Stir in zucchini and mushrooms. When zucchini begins to soften, add tomatoes, garlic and Italian seasoning. Cook until heated through.


Anchor bolt is a reliable anchoring system for infrastructure projects. Anchor bolt has been be largely applied to railway construction, tunneling, mining, hydropower station, dam, bridge base, foundation reinforcement of buildings. Furthermore, it is workable for the repair of ground subsidence, hole collapse, crack, landslip and other geological disaster. Especially for the tight schedule construction, the application of anchor bolt has great advantages over mortar bolt.
The Crossrail construction is the largest infrastructure project in Europe. The project will connect Shenfield in Essex with Reading in Berkshire. Construction began in 2008, and is scheduled to be fully operational in 2019. Crossrail will increase the city's rail transport capacity by up to 10% and bring an additional 1.5 million people within commuting distance to Central London. This will allow up to 30,000 new jobs in the capital within a decade of opening, sustaining the growth of the UK economy.
The service will operate 24 trains per hour at peak times in each direction from Paddington to Whitechapel, taking twenty minutes off the travel time from Heathrow to Central London. It is estimated by Crossrail that approximately 200 million passengers will use the service annually.


text:
© Timo Way. All rights reserved.
Colchuk Lake from Aasgard Pass
Colchuk Lake as viewed from the top of #aasgardpass . We hiked from below that cloud layer to the top of the pass and were rewarded with views of the fall winds brushing the lake's surface. Bob Ross was with us.
TAGS: United States, Washington
Timo Way
Seattle, Washington, United States of America
© Timo Way.
Date Uploaded: Dec. 1, 2015, 1:46 a.m.
PHOTO LOCATION Leavenworth, Washington, United States of America


text:
Q: Find the original file for a series of soft-linked files How would I write a bash shell script that finds the original file for a series of soft-linked files?
For example, if I had 5 files in a directory and named file1 through file5. File2 is linked to file1, file3 is linked to file2, file4 is linked to file3, and file5 is liked to file4. In this case, the original file is file1.
I want the script to search for the file in the current directory, not providing the path.
If there is no symlink then display message saying so
if there is a symlink then should display the original file, and names of the symlinked files:
eg
file is file1. Symlinked files are: file2, file3, file4. file5.

A: for f in *
  do test -L $f || echo $f ;
done

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text: ===Assassin, Saboteur, the Empire's Secret Weapon.=== The Empire dominates scores of star systems across the galaxy, but not through the power of the dark side alone. Behind the scenes, the cunning Agents of Imperial Intelligence track down and eliminate the Empire's enemies—from intractable Republic senators to traitorous Imperial Moffs to bloodthirsty rebels with Republic ties. Imperial Agents must master the arts of infiltration, seduction and assassination to advance the Empire's causes; they face the opposition of a terrified galaxy and the capriciousness of their own Sith overlords. Imperial Intelligence cultivates a notoriously vast and efficient network of informants, enabling the Agent to navigate the galaxy's political landscape with effortless suave. Naturally, the Agent's allegiance to the Empire is without question, but great latitude exists for those so closely attuned to the Empire's secret agendas—Agents often harbor their own mysterious motivations as well. Having pierced countless layers of intrigue, these spies know of conspiracies within conspiracies. Even close contacts find it hard to predict what an Imperial Agent will do until it's done. The most elite operative within Imperial Intelligence is the 'Cipher' Agent—recruited and trained to carry out the most dangerous and sensitive assignments the Empire has to offer. Whether working undercover or carrying out assignments in broad daylight, the Cipher races along the razor's edge of disaster, using carefully orchestrated tactics that leave little room for error—the smallest slip-up can be catastrophic. Each successful mission, however, shifts the galactic landscape in the Empire's favor, and the Agent plays a supremely critical role in securing Imperial domination.


text:
struct point { x: int, y: int }

fn a() {
    let mut p = point {x: 3, y: 4};
    let _q = &p; //~ NOTE loan of mutable local variable granted here

    // This assignment is illegal because the field x is not
    // inherently mutable; since `p` was made immutable, `p.x` is now
    // immutable.  Otherwise the type of &_q.x (&int) would be wrong.
    p.x = 5; //~ ERROR assigning to mutable field prohibited due to outstanding loan
}

fn c() {
    // this is sort of the opposite.  We take a loan to the interior of `p`
    // and then try to overwrite `p` as a whole.

    let mut p = point {x: 3, y: 4};
    let _q = &p.y; //~ NOTE loan of mutable local variable granted here
    p = point {x: 5, y: 7};//~ ERROR assigning to mutable local variable prohibited due to outstanding loan
    copy p;
}

fn d() {
    // just for completeness's sake, the easy case, where we take the
    // address of a subcomponent and then modify that subcomponent:

    let mut p = point {x: 3, y: 4};
    let _q = &p.y; //~ NOTE loan of mutable field granted here
    p.y = 5; //~ ERROR assigning to mutable field prohibited due to outstanding loan
    copy p;
}

fn main() {
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Are there accepted names for the two types of arrays in a multidimensional array? Sorry if this question is a bit elementary, but I was wondering if there are names for the different arrays in a 2D array. For example, in:
int[][] array = new int[5][10];

What do I call the array with the length of 5? And what about the arrays with the length of 10? I was thinking something like the "primary array" and "secondary array" since the secondary arrays are stored in the primary array...
Any thoughts?

A: When looking at a multidimensional array (an array of arrays), the first length is the amount of rows there are. The second length is the amount of columns. So typically, say if running through a for loop, you could refer to them as such.
An example of a multidimensional array
int [][] arr = new int[2][3] could look like:
[1, 2, 3]
[4, 5, 6]
So there are [2] rows, of [3] columns.


I picked this book from a NetGalley email, mostly because I liked the sound of the title and because the cover caught my attention. I know "Never judge a book by its cover" and all that, but seriously, I can't be the only one that does that, right? And actually, that leads me into one of the major themes of this book: don't judge everyone based on what you see. In fact, I just spotted this blog post by Sara Barnard, the author, on the cover: Please judge my book by this cover.
I've taken today as holiday (thanks to a punctured car tyre with two screws and a thorn in it, awaiting delivery of a new one now) so decided to finish this book. Then I had to write this review immediately. Yes, it is one of those books.
I saw rave reviews of Beautiful Broken Things on Goodreads and crossed my fingers that I would love it as much too. Sometimes books with almost full 5 star reviews turn out to be my favourites and sometimes I strongly dislike them. Fortunately this was a love, and possibly one of my favourite books to date – not only was it a story to love, but its message also made a big impact on me. It's one I made notes on while reading, and for the first time I used the "highlight" feature in my Kindle to select passages I could come back to and quote in this review.
The tagline for the book is: "I was brave. She was reckless. We were trouble." And to be honest, this was one thing that very nearly turned me away from reading the book. I knew the storyline was that of a friendship between teenage girls and this tagline gave me the image of the kind of girls I never was or wanted to be friends with, as in, the ones who you're a little bit scared of when you see a group in town. Luckily I did pick up the book and start reading as that image wasn't at all what the book claimed to be at all. I was also worried that it would be another of those lighthearted kind of YA books – two teenage girls who are best friends, a new girl arrives, joins their group, she's trouble, lots of arguments ensue. But again, I was wrong on that one as the book is so much deeper, exploring the intricacies of teenage female relationships beyond the surface of what you usually see in addition to the topics of mental health and abuse.
You've got a kind of overarching description of the plot in the paragraph above, but for a little more detail: meet Caddy – she's a normal teenage girl, getting by in school, has a small group of friends and a best friend, Rosie, who attends another school, but nothing significant has happened in her life, nothing to rock the boat and give her stories to tell. Then a new girl, Suzanne, starts at Rosie's school. At first Caddy is nervous that she will be replaced by her, a confident and beautiful girl, but slowly, after a couple of false starts and bouts of honesty, a new version of friendship begins to form between the 3 girls. But like I said before, Suzanne is not all she seems on the surface; she carries dark secrets and a difficult past, things that slowly drag dependable Caddy down with her.
Also it's worth noting from the above paragraph the small messages hidden within the story – a couple of things to look out for, Suzanne's necklace and the meaning behind it as a dove, and both Tarin and Suzanne, the two who suffer from mental health issues, and their references to birds in general (and only after writing this did I notice the birds on the cover!).
It made me feel strange to think of Suzanne being labelled as having 'serious mental-health problems'. Technically I knew it was correct, but it wasn't her. The four words seemed so scary and huge, painting the image I had of my friend in colours I didn't recognize or understand.
'That's not very helpful, Tarin,' Mum said drily.
The fact that we so rarely hear anything about the actual abuse that has happened in the book is telling of this; what we're seeing are the after effects, how it affects not only the person themself, but those around them. And the fact that the violent side of the abuse isn't all, in fact, it is implied that the violent side of it is only a minor part, it's the emotions behind the violence of guilt, blame and responsibility on someone who was only a child when it began. Add in the fact that it is noted several times that the abuser looks just like an ordinary person, not big, not necessarily scary. It brings to the forefront the idea that this could and does happen to anyone.
Then there's the subject of fronts, faces and everything not being as it seems, Caddy coming to understand that confident and self-assured Suzanne isn't what she thought, and Suzanne trying to get to know herself without the influence of others that hurt her.
Why did I assume so much about people and their lives? Why did I think that if it didn't happen in front of me it didn't happen at all?
It was just a couple of lucky phone calls, and a girl who knew her friend.
I both understood and didn't understand what she was saying. What I did know was that I was the wrong person to hear it.
It's the story of Caddy who is, as described in by both Suzanne and her sister as "the nice one" coming to realise that world isn't always so simple, that significant life events do change you as a person and shape who you are, but are so much more complicated than they seem, and that not everything can be solved quite so easily. It's a mix of happy normal teenagers and sad and complicated ones, then ones that are a bit of both, all combinations of which are relatable. Sara's blog post in June discusses whether YA is too dark, and this review might appear to make it so, but whether or not people are writing about these topics, these things are still happening to teenagers out there, and maybe books like this will help those that need it.
So let me sum it up for you. If you buy any book next year, buy this one. Seriously. Do it.


text:
A Quarter of Humanity Faces Looming Water Crises
What South Africa Can Teach Us as Worldwide Inequality Grows
The President of South Africa on Finding That 'Mandela Magic' to Fix the Country
South African president under pressure to speed up land reform
Jacob Zuma Steps Down as South Africa's President
from The New York Times,
8/6/19:
Countries that are home to one-fourth of Earth's population face an increasingly urgent risk: The prospect of running out of water. From India to Iran to Botswana, 17 countries around the world are currently under extremely high water stress, meaning they are using almost all the water they have, according to new World Resources Institute data published Tuesday. Many are arid countries to begin with; some are squandering what water they have. Several are relying too heavily on groundwater, which instead they should be replenishing and saving for times of drought. In those countries are several big, thirsty cities that have faced acute shortages recently, including São Paulo, Brazil; Chennai, India; and Cape Town, which in 2018 narrowly beat what it called Day Zero — the day when all its dams would be dry.
More From The New York Times (subscription required):
Emerging Markets Hit Hard as Global Rout Continues
Growing anxieties about China cause investors to pull money from developing markets.
Bad news from China has sparked a firestorm in the developing countries that feed its vast industrial machine, leaving a swath of economies with few good ways to escape a crunch. In Indonesia, coal once bound for China is piled up in port. In South Africa, mines that fed China's voracious demand for metals are firing workers. In financial markets, investors have responded by pulling out. On Monday, the currencies of Russia, Indonesia, South Africa, Brazil and other commodity exporters tumbled to multiyear lows against the U.S. dollar. Stock indexes collapsed.
The Russian ruble hit a seven-month low Monday, and by the end of the main trading session in Moscow it slid to its weakest-ever closing level of 70.9 to the dollar. A year ago, a dollar bought only around 36 rubles. The weak currencies in these economies present a glum dilemma: Raise rates to defend them, and the economy takes a hit from tighter credit; let them fall, and inflation erodes household budgets. Meanwhile, dollar-denominated debt becomes a bigger burden for many cash-strapped governments and companies.
The blowout in Russia is emblematic of the fragility of economies relying on high raw materials prices supported by China's long-sturdy demand—and of the tight constraints faced by those countries' policy makers. Chinese woes helped trigger a plunge in the price of Russia's principal export and main source of foreign-currency income, crude oil. That, in turn, has pummeled the ruble.
Russia is doubly vulnerable because it has turned to China as relations with the West have soured over the past two years. Russia is the second-largest supplier of oil to China, after Saudi Arabia, and Moscow has sought to increase trade and investment ties with China, especially in its big energy projects. Large chunks of the emerging world have staked their growth on supplying China. "There are piles of coal in ports," said Supriatna Suhala, executive director of the Indonesian Coal Mining Association. Big coal miners, he said, have sent workers home to make ends meet. In Thailand, a major supplier of rubber to China's tire factories, Perk Lertwangpong, a rubber farmer and former president of the Rubber Planter Cooperatives, said he expects exports to fall by a fifth in 2015 compared with last year.
Indonesia, which sells coal, minerals and palm oil to China, was riding high not long ago. Economic growth in 2012 was around 6%. This year, the stock market is down more than 20%. Its currency, the rupiah, is down 12.5% for the year and is hovering at its lowest level since the Asian financial crisis that began in 1997. Latin America, too, rode the coattails of surging Chinese demand for commodities like soybeans, copper and iron ore during the past 15 years. The peso currencies in both oil-exporting Mexico and Colombia hit record lows on Monday.
In South Africa, the rand on Monday plummeted to all-time lows of beyond 14 to the dollar. Inflation is rising. Economists warn growth could miss already-lackluster forecasts, leading to a second consecutive sub-2% expansion this year. Yet South Africa's central bank raised rates last month to bolster its currency despite economic distress.
Hardest hit are the gold, platinum and iron mines whose riches built South Africa into the continent's most developed economy. Beijing's demand for those metals pushed China past the U.S. as South Africa's top trading partner in 2009. The reversal since then has been severe.
"At the end of the day, it's affecting everybody," he said of the turmoil emanating from China.
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Scottish rock band Belle and Sebastian took over the Vogue Theatre in Vancouver last night. The group was last in town in 2015, behind their then, and still, latest release Girls in Peacetime Want to Dance.
The night, the first of a two night stint, was a showcase of the outfits over two-decade career, featuring early hits like "I'm A Cuckoo" from their 2003 release Dear Catastrophe Waitress and "Judy and the Dream of Horses" from 1996's If You're Feeling Sinister. It was a well-rounded grab bag of wanted hits.
Lead singer Stuart Murdoch looked to be in fine form as he navigated the show with his charismatic but understated presence. His vocals resonated through the venue but at many moments were drowned away by the eager fans singing along.
It felt like a true family affair. A seeming group of strangers pulled together by one unifying force.
There were attendees young and old, support spanning across many generations for this rock powerhouse.
Lead guitarist Steve Jackson was quirky in his performance. He bopped around the stage with a slanted smile on his face, committed to his instrument but humbled by the audience. His playing was seamless but impactful, and he added a complexity to songs with his intricate finger work. I really enjoyed just watching him play.
With about eight members on stage, the band managed to create a robust sound wall for each song.
Their backdrop was an ever-changing lcd panel adding rich vibrant patterns and full colour images behind them. It was simple and still quite visually stunning.
The band was loving their job. They played with heart and humility.
I hope they come back again soon, I don't think Vancouver can wait another three years for the next set of shows.
Japanese Breakfast, the brainchild and pet-project of Michelle Zauner, returned to Vancouver for the third time since releasing her highly-acclaimed sophomore album, Soft Sounds From Another Planet. Zauner has been steadily touring and recently completed work on the soundtrack for a video game, Sable, which is set for release sometime in 2019. Her work on a video game soundtrack seems fitting, given that Zauner has described Soft Sounds as a sort of "science fiction musical".
On this particular visit, Japanese Breakfast was opening for Belle and Sebastian and, due to the latter's longevity and widespread fanfare, the venue – The Vogue Theater – was a far larger room than Japanese Breakfast had played in their previous visits to Vancouver. On top of that, many people were still filing into the theatre due to the fact that the band launched into their set thirty minutes before the advertised start time.
Zauner brought forth an elastic energy to go along with her rangy vocals, smirking sweetly into the microphone at one moment and leaping dramatically, launching herself across the stage, at the next. She bantered with the crowd, heckled an over-sharing audience member, jestfully-yet-honestly expressed gratitude to Belle and Sebastian for their proclivity for luxury liquors, joked matter-of-factly about dating Belle and Sebastian ("we've been on 5 or 6 dates so far… it's going pretty well!") and, as is tradition with Michelle, tried oh-so-hard to get her inventive Vancouver moniker – The Couv – to catch on (eds note: it won't).
This has been my second time seeing Japanese Breakfast live and my expectations were met and my confident belief that they are a can't-miss act was solidified. The band continues to add impressive musical flourishes to the songs as they grow together and Michelle continues to astound with her gentle-yet-robust and ever-potent vocals.


We always welcome new creativity! If you are interested in becoming a Member of the Toledo Craftsman's Guild, we invite you to apply for membership. We make you jump through a few hoops, but it's really no more information than what you would provide to any other juried art/craft show. If you are accepted for membership, our Jurying Chairperson will contact you with further instructions.
Work that is submitted for jurying must be the original creation of the craftsperson, not produced by employees, and be at least 70% hand crafted. No item may be mass-produced on a duplicating or copy machine. Original art work may be professionally copied, but the items displayed may not comprise more than 20% of the Member's display.
Food vendors must provide a copy of their Department of Agriculture certification either as a licensed Bakery or a Cottage Food Industry, and follow all state and local laws.
You must receive a total of 14 points to be invited to be a Member.
If you submit an application for membership for multiple categories of art/craft, each category may be juried separately.
Invitations for membership are sent out in the order that the applications were received. Invitations are good for 4 weeks from the date on the invitation. To accept our invitation for membership, you'll need to pay a $12 Initiation Fee plus the annual Membership Dues for the category you selected on your application. All the payment and mailing details will be provided once you accept our invitation.
Show fees range from $45-$75 (spring shows) to $70-$95 (fall shows). The following are also available for a small fee: wall spaces, tables, and electricity. All prices are subject to change. Guild show applications are accepted from its Members on a "first come, first served" basis.
"Spring Festival of Crafts" (March), "Homespun Holiday Art & Craft Show" (early November), and "Winter Festival of Crafts" (December) have spaces that are 8 feet wide by approximately 6 feet deep. Spring Crafters' Showcase (April) and Crafts for Christmas (late November) have spaces that are 10 feet wide by 10 feet deep.
Members must supply their own tablecovers. Table covers must be 100% polyester or other flame-retardant material. The color may be navy (preferred color), black, brown, burgundy/wine, grey, or hunter green. The Executive Board may approve other dark, solid, neutral colors at the request of a Member prior to the color being used at a show. The table cover must cover all sides of the table and must reach the floor. All demonstration/packing tables with open space under the table top must also be covered (i.e., no "naked" table legs unless table legs are decorative in nature (ex. wooden claw foot tables)). Additional table top covers/cloths (lace, draping) may not hang more than twelve (12) inches over the edge of the covered tables. The Guild recommends www.TableClothsForLess.com as a supplier of tablecovers or you may make your own.
First, provide some basic information.
Confirmation Email The Guild uses email as its primary form of communication with its Members.
A vendor's license is required by Ohio law. To obtain a vendor's license number, visit http://www.tax.ohio.gov/sales_and_use/registration.aspx. Food and Beverage crafters, enter "exempt."
Individual: $30/year (just you) Family: $35/year (you, your spouse/domestic partner, and any children under age 18) Junior: $20/year (a child age 12-17 who will be the only Member of the Guild) (Junior Memberships have slightly different rules to follow. Please contact Marlene McCartney, our Jury Chairperson, at (419) 351-7475 for more information.) Team: $45/year (up to 4 individuals who work together on the same craft or art (i.e., parent and an adult child, three sisters, 2 collaborating artists)).
If you selected "Team," provide the names of all artists and crafters who will be a part of the Team Membership.
Next, tell us about what you make.
Almost done! Upload at least 3 detailed photos of your art or craft AND a photo of your booth display (if you have one). Feel free to upload up to 10 photos of your work and/or of you making your art if you believe we need to see more.
Note: The maximum file size is 5.0MB. Simple file names work best (example: LastName_FirstName_1.jpg). Complicated and/or long file names may not upload properly.
If you do not have a booth photo, describe what you envision your display will look like.
One last task! See the text in the box below? Please enter that text into the white box to the left of the circular arrow so we know you aren't a spam robot.
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Be patient...uploading your photos may take a few minutes depending on the size of your files.


Have you ever scrolled through your Instagram feed and thought, "Sigh, where did I go wrong in life?" Join the club. While following your favorite fashion and travel bloggers can provide some great life #inspo, it can also elicit some serious FOMO. Can you even imagine what it's like having your own photographer follow you around in an exotic location while you frolic through the streets in your favorite party dress?! Well, I can—and so can you—thanks to a company called Flytographer.
I wrote about Flytographer a few months ago when I first discovered this service, but I decided that I needed to try it for myself to provide an accurate account of the experience. Since I had a trip to Monaco planned, I figured it would be the *perfect* time to set up a solo shoot—because, as they say at Flytographer, some trips deserve more than just a selfie.
Some background in case you're not familiar: Flytographer is a service that pairs travelers with local photographers in nearly 200 cities around the world. The sky's the limit when it comes to the occasion—proposals, bachelorette parties, honeymoons, anniversaries, family outings, reunions, best friend trips, and even solo trips (like in my case).
After working with their shoot concierge to iron out all the details—date, time, location, and vibe (a Pinterest board is highly recommended)—they'll match you up with a photog and put you in touch directly so you can meet up. Not going to lie—meeting up with your Flytographer photographer is kind of like going on a Tinder date at first. I was paired with Lucille, and she told me she'd be standing in front of the Casino de Monte-Carlo in a pink backpack. I spotted her immediately, and after a quick intro and small talk, we got down to business.
Admittedly, I don't need a whole lot of direction when it comes to shoots—I grew up acting and dancing, so having a camera in my face is a pretty familiar experience. But if you're someone who needs a bit more direction, no worries; your photographer will take charge to make sure you're in the best light—literally! Lucille was very particular about capturing the perfecting lighting, which is why the "golden hour" is the best time to schedule a shoot.
The most enjoyable part of my whole Flytographer experience was having the opportunity to be my silly, quirky self. It's important to remember you're not Gigi Hadid posing for the next Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue—the whole point of Flytographer is to capture a candid, fleeting moment that would have otherwise gone undocumented. Lucille encouraged me to do the things I would have normally done while exploring a new city solo—resting on a bench, taking selfies, looking off into the sunset, and so on. She was just a fly on the wall while I lived my best, most fabulous life in Monte-Carlo.


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About The Port
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King Abdullah Port Receives World's Largest Vessel
MSC Maya is the latest of the new supersize container ships to deliver cargo to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
King Abdullah Port, October 2015: The largest vessel in the world, the MSC Maya docked at King Abdullah Port on Wednesday 14 October 2015, making it the latest of the new supersize container ships to deliver cargo to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The MSC Maya, which has a total capacity of 19,224 TEUs, was launched on 26 September 2015 at the port of Antwerp in Belgium and in less than a month in service it has berthed at the kingdom's first port to be owned, developed and managed by the private sector.
Commenting on the event, Eng. Abdullah Hameedaddin, Managing Director of the Ports Development Company, said: "We are immensely proud of King Abdullah Port capability of receiving the world's largest vessels since it positions the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia among the elite group of countries with the facilities to host the supersize containers that are being built today and even in the coming decades.
"Earlier this year we welcomed the MSC London, which was the world's largest vessel at that time to dock at a Saudi port, an event that marked King Abdullah Port's acceptance by global shipping lines as one of the deepest and most advanced ports in the world with 18 meters depth of berth and state of the art cranes that can reach 25 containers in a row."
Now, with the arrival of the MSC Maya, we can truly say that King Abdullah Port is already fulfilling its designated role as a major contributor to Saudi Arabia's advanced economic development and progress by enhancing maritime transport and logistics services, and uplifting the kingdom's competitiveness."
Playing a complementary role in the kingdom's ports module, King Abdullah Port demonstrates that cooperation between the public and the private sector is a cornerstone of success in regaining lost import business, which will be of overall benefit to the national economy.
The Port's Story
© 2017 King Abdullah Port All Rights Reserved
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text:
Q: How to select top record and count from each group oracle? How to select the top record and count from each group oracle?
|--------+------------+------------|
| PKid   | name       | occupation |
|--------+------------+------------|
|      1 | John Smith | Accountant |
|      2 | John Smith | Engineer   |
|      3 | Jack Black | Funnyman   |
|      4 | Jack Black | Accountant |
|      5 | John Smith | Manager    |
|--------+------------+------------|

I want to fetch records group by name and order by occupation desc and count. Something like this-
S.no | Name       | Occupation |Count
----------------------------------
1    | John Smith | Accountant | 3
2    | Jack Black | Accountant | 2

I tried something like this but no luck---
select max(PKid) keep(dense_rank first order by occupation) PKid
 , name
 , occupation
from empTbl
group by name;

A: The way you put it, it is as simple as
SQL> with test (pkid, name, occupation) as
  2    (select 1, 'Smith', 'accountant' from dual union all
  3     select 2, 'Smith', 'engineer'   from dual union all
  4     select 3, 'Black', 'funnyman'   from dual union all
  5     select 4, 'Black', 'accountant' from dual union all
  6     select 5, 'Smith', 'manager'    from dual
  7    )
  8  select name,
  9    min(occupation) occupation,
 10    count(*) cnt
 11  from test
 12  group by name;

NAME  OCCUPATION        CNT
----- ---------- ----------
Black accountant          2
Smith accountant          3

SQL>

A: if i right understand:
with test (pkid, name, occupation) as
(select 1, 'Smith', 'accountant' from dual union all
select 2, 'Smith', 'engineer'   from dual union all
select 3, 'Black', 'funnyman'   from dual union all
select 4, 'Black', 'accountant' from dual union all
select 5, 'Smith', 'manager'    from dual
)
SELECT name,
    min(occupation)  occupation,
    count(*) cnt
FROM
(select pkid,
    name,
    first_value(occupation) over (partition by name order by pkid) occupation
from test)
GROUP BY name

Black   funnyman    2
Smith   accountant  3

A: You can try this query:
SELECT
    ROW_NUMBER() OVER(
        ORDER BY
            COUNT(1) DESC
    ) AS S_NO,
    NAME,
    MIN(OCCUPATION) AS OCCUPATION,
    COUNT(1)
FROM
    EMPTBL
GROUP BY
    NAME;

db<>fiddle demo
cheers!!


Reviews and advises the City Council on the policies, projects, planning efforts, activities, funding, and the physical condition of parks, pools, camps, recreation centers, the Marina, and public greenery.
Please check the community calendar to verify. .
The Secretary of the commission is responsible for relaying all communications from the public to the members of the commission. All communications to the Commission must be received at least 10 days before the meeting to be included in the packet. The Secretary's contact information is listed below.


Head over to Coupons.com to print this new $1/2 Hillshire Farm Lunchmeat coupon, which has a nice long expiration date of September 16th.
Final Cost $5.96 total – just $2.98 each!
These Sargento Balanced Breaks make for a great snack!
I can not find coupon . Did anyone else?
It looks like it's gone. Thanks for the heads up!


Spectacularly colorful tiny house is 176 square feet of off grid, solar powered perfection. Looking at this super colorful pink and purple tiny house one would think it comes straight out of a Disney movie. Perhaps one of the coolest feature of the house is the solar panels . The roof was designed specifically to fit the panels, and the colorful shingles staggered to give it a fun checkerboard pattern. Few tiny houses come equipped with solar panels like this, and it's refreshing to see how nice a job they did on this build. The interior is just as beautiful and functional.
Tiny Green Cabins delivered her house finished for just under $60,000.
Next articleFlow Hive: Honey on Tap Directly From Your Beehive!


text:
Go back to "Central America & Caribbean"
Hispaniola Insula
by Cornelius van Wytfliet
Full of history
Dimensions of the map (not including margins): 23,1 x 28,3 cm
Dimensions (including margins): 28,5 x 36,2 cm
Condition: Very good. Sharp print. Centre fold as published. Wide margins.
Verso: blank
Map reference: Van der Krogt III,B 9630:371, page 9 (top right)
From: Descriptionis Ptolemaicae Augmentum; Van der Krogt, IIIB, no specific atlas reference
Price (without VAT): €750,00 (FYI +/- $885,00 / £667,50)
Hispaniola was known in cartographic circles long before Wytfliet. As early as 1528, Bordone drew the island, including the settlement of Isabella, followed by Ramusio (1534), Gastaldi (1548), Ruscelli (1561) and others. The island of Hispaniola (Haiti / Dominican Republic) will be forever linked to Columbus. On Christmas Day December 25, 1492, the vessel Santa Maria ran aground outside the current site of Cap Haitien, but the ship was lost. Columbus established the first Spanish settlement here, which he named after the date of Jesus' birth, La Natividad, shown on the map as P. Nativitat on the north coast of modern-day Haiti. On his return the following year and after the dissolution of La Natividad, Columbus founded a second city, Isabella, further east in today's Dominican Republic. Wytfliet gave ample commentary on Columbus's travels to Hispaniola.
San. Domingo was founded by Bartolomeo Columbus, Christopher's younger brother, and it became the oldest permanently inhabited European settlement in America in 1496. It also became the first seat of Spanish colonial rule in the New World. In 1509 Diego Columbus (son of Christopher) succeeded his father as "Governor of the Indies". He had his house built there, the El Alcázar de Colón, which still stands in Santo Domingo:
The importance of the city is also evident from the expeditions that led to Cortés' (1485-1547) conquest of Mexico and Balboa's foray into Panama from San. Domingo were executed. The further history of this island remains intriguing. In 1586 Francis Drake captured the city and returned it for ransom.
Drake's invasion and his sack of Hispaniola weakened Spanish rule over the island so that the Spanish left all of the island except the capital for the next 50 years. The island was left to the whims of pirates. In 1655, Oliver Cromwell made an unsuccessful attempt to reclaim the city of Santo Domingo. He then withdrew and took Jamaica in its place. Under the Treaty of Rijswijk of 1697, Spain formally ceded the western third of the island (now Haiti) to France. From 1930 to 1961, the city was temporarily called Santo Domingo "Ciudad Trujillo" when Rafael Trujillo, dictator of the Dominican Republic, named the capital after himself. Haiti is now the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere. Finally, the Turks and Caicos Islands can be seen in the northwest corner of Hispaniola (to the left of the map).
Cornelius Wytfliet (? – 1597)
Cornelius Wytfliet was a geographer from Leuven. After graduating Licentiate in Laws from the University of Leuven, Wytfliet moved to Brussels and became secretary to the Council of Brabant.
In 1597 he published the first atlas of America: the Descriptionis Ptolemaicae Augmentum (Augmentation to Ptolemy's description). He named his work an augmentation to Ptolemy's Geography because it covers the Americas, a part of the world unknown to Ptolemy. However, there is no other connection between the works of Ptolemy and Van Wytfliet. Dedicated to Philip III of Spain it is a history of the New World to date, recording its discovery, natural history, etc. It provides a history of exploration and the voyages of Christopher Columbus (1492-1502), John Cabot (1497-98), Sebastian Cabot (1526-28), Francisco Pizarro (1527-35), Giovanni de Verazzano (1524), Jacques Cartier (1540-42), and Martin Frobisher (1576-78). Most of Van Wytfliet's maps are the first or among the earliest of specific regions of North and South America.
For the book, Wytfliet had engraved nineteen maps, one of the world and eighteen regional maps of the Americas. The book was an immediate success and ran to several editions.
Two editions of the Descriptionis Ptolemaicae were published et Leuven in 1597 and 1598. In 1603 appeared the first Douai edition with later editions with French text. The last edition was published in Arnhem in 1615.
Peru – Peruani Regni descriptio
The Eastern Hemisphere – Hemisphaerium Orbis Antiqui
by Andreas Cellarius, Johannes Janssonius
Achaia, Attica and Gulf of Corinth – Nova et Accurata Descriptio
by Johannes Janssonius
Jan Mayen – Insulae Johannis Mayen Cum universe situ Sinuum et Promontariorum
by Joan Blaeu, Johannes Janssonius
Rare Spanish edition


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Sonny John Moore (born January 15, 1988), known professionally as Skrillex, is an American record producer, DJ, musician, singer and songwriter. Growing up in Northeast Los Angeles and in Northern California, he joined the American post-hardcore band From First to Last as the lead singer in 2004, and recorded two studio albums with the band (Dear Diary, My Teen Angst Has a Body Count, 2004, and Heroine, 2006) before leaving to pursue a solo career in 2007. He began his first tour as a solo artist in late 2007. After recruiting a new band lineup, Moore joined the Alternative Press Tour to support bands such as All Time Low and The Rocket Summer, and appeared on the cover of Alternative Press' annual "100 Bands You Need to Know" issue.After releasing the Gypsyhook EP in 2009, Moore was scheduled to record his debut studio album, Bells, with producer Noah Shain. He ceased production of the album, however, and began performing under the name Skrillex, distributing the My Name Is Skrillex EP for free download on his official MySpace page. Subsequently, he released the Scary Monsters and Nice Sprites EP in late–2010 and More Monsters and Sprites EP in mid–2011, both of which have since become moderate commercial successes. On November 30, 2011, he received five Grammy Award nominations at the 54th Grammy Awards, including Best New Artist and won three: "Best Dance/Electronica Album", "Best Dance Recording", and "Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical". On December 5, 2011, the BBC announced that he had been nominated for their Sound of 2012 poll. On December 12, 2011, he was also named MTV's Electronic Dance Music Artist of the Year. Skrillex has won eight Grammy Awards and holds the world record for most Grammys won by an Electronic Dance Music artist. Skrillex has collaborated with Diplo and Boys Noize to form the groups of Jack Ü and Dog Blood respectively. It was announced on Moore's 29th birthday, he reunited with From First To Last and released a single named "Make War". In 2017, Skrillex produced and mixed 8, the eighth studio album by rock band Incubus. In July 2017, Skrillex released another single featuring debuting solo artist Poo Bear.
This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Skrillex , which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.
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Interesting links - Skrillex
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http://www.skrillex.com/
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https://itunes.apple.com/artist/id356545647
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The Regulator Movement was an uprising in the colonial Carolinas that presaged the American Revolution. It is also a fitting description for the last six years' political trend with respect to financial services. Certainly, some of the problems seen in 2008 were the result of absurd risk taking or simple grifting that deserved regulators' attention. The great lesson of 2008 and most other financial panics is how they could have been diminished by a regulatory dosing of common sense. In the aftermath of 2008, laws requiring careful credit analysis of home buyers have been created. In the 2005-2007 era of "No Doc" mortgages, a prescient regulator or legislator could easily have predicted the consequence of such feckless loans and banned them.
The Detroit bankruptcy and pending resurrection offer regulators, who have been multiplying like spores, the opportunity to review the amply documented autopsy of Detroit's finances. Detroit's errors can be used as a sextant to help other cities better navigate the same fiscal shoals, which at present embody a $3 trillion shortfall. Instead of the typical teeth gnashing post-crisis regulatory process, the Detroit situation offers a chance to prevent or to mitigate the next Detroit.
It is useful to conduct a brief review of some of Detroit's pre bankruptcy practices, in five critical areas, which are still being used by many other cities: Aggressive actuarial assumptions Board composition Comingling of pension and other assets Contracts being signed independent of proven funding Board liability for breach of fiduciary duty Although discussion of actuarial work for any amount of time is a remedy for insomnia, it needs discussion. Upon exiting bankruptcy, Detroit plans to operate on a plan that assumes a 6.75% annual rate of return and the plan funding percentage is assumed to drop from 74% today to 65% over the next thirty years. In the following decade, Detroit relocates to the Pacific Coast, employment skyrockets and funding rises to 100%. These actuarial assumptions read like a prescription to return to Chapter 9. The yearly pension payout after the bankruptcy will exceed twice the city's annual income tax receipts, indicating the city will not fill the inevitable gap.
The composition of many municipal pension boards largely consists of employees from the beneficiary pool. That democratic sounding method guarantees that amateurs are in charge of the pension fund. No pensioners would put a committee of their peers in charge of their healthcare; they would have doctors. The pension assets deserve similar care. In the case of Detroit the amateur board actually paid out annual earnings above the actuarial rate of return as a holiday bonus pension in any years the rate was exceeded. These payments were made despite the pension fund being woefully underfunded and they were a violation of the pension contract. These "holiday bonuses" totaled $1 billion, or nearly one fourth of the current shortfall.
Comingling or mixing of pension assets with any other assets needs to be criminally forbidden. In Detroit's case, the Board decided to offer a savings plan to employees comingled with the pension fund and guaranteed to earn 7.9% in an era when savings accounts were likely to earn .25%. Any year the pension fund did not earn 7.9% the Board took money from the pension fund and handed it to the savings accounts until 7.9% return was reached. In 2009 the pension fund declined 24%, yet it was used to fund a 7.9% return on the savings accounts.
The negotiation process for increases in pension benefits cannot be complete unless funding for the benefits is demonstrated and blessed by Federal authorities. To date, contracts for higher benefits are executed with no proof of financial viability.
Boards must be liable for breach of fiduciary duty. Stories of theft and favor granting are rampant in the private pension world, but they are not as great a crime against beneficiaries as the irresponsible management has proven to be in Detroit. Board members should be well paid, and at risk if they are not prudent.
This blog was set in Chiste, based on an old-style Roman face that was used for Cardinal Satira's tract "Es Increible" in 1438. The Schreiber Monotype Co. of Redding, PA brought the forms to the United States in 1924.


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Department of International Politics
PhD Funding Opportunities 2020/21 Entry
ESRC Wales DTP General Studentships
The Department of International Politics at Aberystwyth University, supported by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Doctoral Training Partnership for Wales (Wales DTP), invites applications for PhD study, with the possibility of being awarded a fully-funded ESRC DTP Studentship, on either a +3 or a 1+3 basis, commencing in October 2020.
Applications are invited from exceptional candidates with a first class or strong upper second class honours degree, or appropriate Master's degree. The University values diversity and equality at all levels and encourages applications from all sections of the community.
We welcome applications for both full and part-time study, and studentships are available as either '1+3' (i.e. one full-time year of research training Masters followed by three years of full-time Doctoral study, or the part-time equivalent), or '+3' (i.e. three years of full-time doctoral study or its part-time equivalent), depending on the needs of the applicant.
For all enquiries, please contact the Director of Graduate Studies, Dr Andrew Davenport (acd11@aber.ac.uk).
Applications welcomed by 12:00 noon (GMT), 3 February 2020.
Further details for ESRC Wales DTP General studentships
These studentships are 'open' awards. Projects can be located in any area of international politics in which the Department can provide expert supervision. Applicants should consider approaching a potential supervisor before submitting their application to confirm that there is appropriate supervisory capacity within the University and to discuss their draft application. Information on the research interests of our staff can be found on the Department's webpages. Short descriptions of each accredited pathway are available on the ESRC Wales DTP website. The pathway convener for the Politics and International Relations pathway, Dr Andrew Davenport (acd11@aber.ac.uk), may be able to advise you.
What the studentship will cover
Studentship Awards commence in October 2020 and will cover your tuition fees as well as a maintenance grant (currently £15,009 p.a. for 2019/20 for full-time students, updated each year). It also includes access to an additional Research Training Support Grant (RTSG), though an element of this latter fund may be 'pooled' and require separate applications from 2019 onwards. There are other opportunities and benefits available to studentship holders, including an overseas fieldwork allowance (if applicable), internship opportunities, overseas institutional visits and other small grants.
ESRC studentships are highly competitive, candidates should have an excellent academic background in the social sciences, holding a 1st or strong upper 2nd class degree; applications from those also holding a relevant research training Masters degree (or an equivalent background in research training) will be considered for a +3 award. Full awards (fees plus maintenance stipend) are open to UK Nationals and EU students who can satisfy UK residency requirements.
1+3 OR +3?
Awards are available on either a 1+3 or +3 basis. A 1+3 studentship provides funding for four years (or part-time equivalent), completing a research training Masters in the 1st year, followed by three years of research funding for a PhD. A +3 studentship provides funding for the three years of PhD research study only (or part-time equivalent).
A completed application form for admission to doctoral study in Aberystwyth University, submitted through the online submission system by the deadline of 12:00 noon (GMT), 3 February 2020. Incomplete Applications or applications received after this specified time will not be accepted.
The application must contain the following documents:
1. Covering letter: The covering letter must set out your reasons and motivation for applying to study at the Department of International Politics; your understanding, and expectations of doctoral study; and your academic interests generally, and particularly of those relating to your proposed research. The covering letter should be no more than two pages. Please also specify which pathway you will be applying to and whether you wish to apply on a +3 or 1+3 basis.
2. Academic / Professional Qualifications: Where appropriate, this should also include proof of English Language Competency (7.0 IELTS minimum).
3. References: All applications require two academic references to be submitted in support. Candidates must approach referees themselves and include references with their application.
4. Curriculum Vitae: It should be no longer than two pages.
5. Research Proposal: The proposal should be up to a maximum of 1000 words, not including bibliographic references. We suggest that you use the following five headings in your research proposal:
Title, aims and purpose of the research
Brief overview of the academic literature relevant to your field
Proposed design/methods
Academic contributions of your research
The closing deadline for applications is 12:00 noon, 3 February 2020. Short-listed applicants will be invited to interview, which are expected to take place in late February/early March 2020. After interview, a final short-list of applicants will be put forward to a Panel convened by the ESRC Wales DTP Management Group at which final decisions with regard to studentship awards will be made. In most cases successful applicants can expect to hear by early April 2020.
ESRC Wales DPT Collaborative Studentships
The Department of International Politics at Aberystwyth University, supported by the ESRC Doctoral Training Partnership for Wales (Wales DTP), invites applications for funded PhD study. These particular studentships, known as 'collaborative studentships', involve liaison with a non-academic organisation, often at many key stages of the research programme. They will commence in October 2020. The following collaborative studentships are available:
• Challenges in the digital age to humanitarian NGOs' functionality and legitimacy as global governance actors – Dr Berit Bliesemann de Guevara (beb14@aber.ac.uk).
• Democratic Experimentation, Sub-states and the Future of Democracy – Dr Elin Royles (ear@aber.ac.uk) & Professor Milja Kurki (mlk@aber.ac.uk).
Applications are invited from exceptional candidates with a first class or strong upper second class honours degree, or appropriate Master's degree. Both the University and the ESRC Wales DTP value diversity and equality at all levels and we encourage applications from all sections of the community. We welcome applications for both full and part-time study, and studentships are available as either '1+3' (i.e. one full time year of research training Masters followed by three years of full-time Doctoral study, or the part-time equivalent), or '+3' (i.e. three years of full-time doctoral study or its part-time equivalent), depending on the needs of the applicant.
Applicants should note that these studentships are 'collaborative' awards, and should take careful consideration of the working title and the description of the project, which is linked from the title. They may wish to contact the named member of staff for a discussion prior to applying.
For details about applying for doctoral study at Aberystwyth, please contact Dr Andrew Davenport (acd11@aber.ac.uk), the Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of International Politics.
Applications must be received by 3 February 2020 (1200 hours).
Studentship Awards commence in October 2020 and will cover your tuition fees as well as a maintenance grant (currently £15,009 p.a. for 2019/20 for full-time students, updated each year); and includes access to an additional Research Training Support Grant (RTSG), though an element of this latter fund may be 'pooled' and require separate applications from 2020 onwards. There are other opportunities and benefits available to studentship holders, including an overseas fieldwork allowance (if applicable), internship opportunities, overseas institutional visits and other small grants.
With exception of studentships in the Economics pathway, awards are available on either a 1+3 or +3 basis. A 1+3 studentship provides funding for four years (or part-time equivalent), completing a research training Masters in the 1st year, followed by 3 years research funding for a PhD. A +3 studentship provides funding for the three years PhD research study only (or part-time equivalent).
The closing deadline for applications is 12.00 noon on Monday 3 February 2020. Short-listed applicants will be invited to interview, which are expected to take place in late February/early March 2020. After interview, a final short-list of applicants will be put forward to a Panel convened by the ESRC Wales DTP Management Group at which final decisions with regard to studentship awards will be made. In most cases successful applicants can expect to hear by early April 2020.
A completed application form for admission to doctoral study at Aberystwyth University submitted by the deadline of 12 noon on 3 February 2020. Incomplete applications or applications received after this specified time will not be accepted.
1. Covering letter: Please address to Dr Andrew Davenport. The covering letter must name the collaborative studentship being applied for. It must set out your reasons and motivation for applying to study at Aberystwyth University, and the Politics and International Relations Pathway; your understanding, and expectations of doctoral study; and your academic interests generally, and particularly how these relate to the description of the project supplied. The covering letter should be no more than two pages. Please also specify whether you wish to apply on a +3 or 1+3 basis.
3. References: All applications require two academic references to be submitted in support. Candidates must approach referees themselves and include the references with their application.
4. Curriculum Vitae: This should be no longer than two pages.
5. Research Proposal: For collaborative studentships, the proposal should build directly on the outline description that has been supplied. The proposal should be up to a maximum of 1000 words, not including bibliographic references. We suggest that you use the following five headings in your research proposal:
• Your reflections on the title, aims and purpose of the research;
• An overview of some key research literature relevant to the study;
• Your proposals for developing the design and methods of the study;
• A description of potential outcomes of the project for understanding, knowledge, policy and practice (as appropriate to the topic);
• Bibliographic references
See our Departmental webpages for more information on doctoral study in the Department of International Politics.
AberDoc PhD Scholarships
The Department of International Politics is pleased to invite applications for AberDoc PhD scholarships for 2020 entry.
These scholarships will cover UK/EU PhD tuition fees for up to three years (up to the UK/EU rate of £4,327 per annum) and provide a maintenance allowance of approximately £15,009 per year, along with access to a travel/research fund of £500 per year.
Non-EU students would have to cover the difference between UK/EU tuition fees and the non-EU tuition fees from their scholarship. However, there will be 3 additional President's Scholarships that will cover this difference in tuition fees.
The deadline for AberDoc applications to the Department of International Politics is 6 January 2020.
Please note: this deadline is specific to the Department of International Politics
Further information on how to apply.
Further information on AberDoc.
AHRC South, West & Wales DTP Studentships
Aberystwyth University is one of a number of institutions in the South, West & Wales Doctoral Training Partnership (DTP) and has successfully secured funding for PhD scholarships in the arts and humanities, including International Politics research compatible with SWW aims, especially under the SWW DTP thematic research environments of 'Polities, Policies and Values' and 'Conflict and Post-Conflict'. Students successful in obtaining SWW funding will be able to benefit from cross-university supervision and other training available at more than one university within the DPT.
To find out how to apply for SWW funding and for further information, including subject areas, please see SWW DTP website.
Applications may be submitted via the SWW DTP website.
The application system opens on Monday 2 December 2019 and closes on Monday 27 Janaury 2020.
Awards comprise full payment of tuition fees to the value of £4,327 per annum (or part-time equivalent) and a maintenance stipend of £15,009 per annum (or part-time equivalent).
For residency and eligibility criteria see the SWW DTP website.
Applications for PhD study can be made on-line or alternatively, forms can be downloaded and printed. Please see the Postgraduate Admissions Office website for full details. A research proposal of no more than 1,500 words, two letters of reference and academic transcripts are also required. There are no separate application forms at the initial stages for funding.
Please note: there are different deadlines for applications to the AberDoc competition and the ESRC and AHRC competitions. Please ensure that your application is submitted, complete, before the relevant deadline.
Applying for a PhD
Completed Theses
Living in Aberystwyth
Contact for this page:
Department of International Politics, Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, SY23 3FE Wales
Tel: Department:+44 (0)1970 622741 Admissions: +44 (0)1970 622021 Fax: 01970 622709 Email: interpol@aber.ac.uk


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These 4 Measures Indicate That Packaging Corporation of America (NYSE:PKG) Is Using Debt Reasonably Well
Simply Wall St
Legendary fund manager Li Lu (who Charlie Munger backed) once said, 'The biggest investment risk is not the volatility of prices, but whether you will suffer a permanent loss of capital.' So it might be obvious that you need to consider debt, when you think about how risky any given stock is, because too much debt can sink a company. Importantly, Packaging Corporation of America (NYSE:PKG) does carry debt. But the real question is whether this debt is making the company risky.
Why Does Debt Bring Risk?
Generally speaking, debt only becomes a real problem when a company can't easily pay it off, either by raising capital or with its own cash flow. If things get really bad, the lenders can take control of the business. However, a more common (but still painful) scenario is that it has to raise new equity capital at a low price, thus permanently diluting shareholders. By replacing dilution, though, debt can be an extremely good tool for businesses that need capital to invest in growth at high rates of return. The first thing to do when considering how much debt a business uses is to look at its cash and debt together.
View our latest analysis for Packaging Corporation of America
How Much Debt Does Packaging Corporation of America Carry?
As you can see below, Packaging Corporation of America had US$2.48b of debt, at September 2020, which is about the same as the year before. You can click the chart for greater detail. However, because it has a cash reserve of US$1.05b, its net debt is less, at about US$1.43b.
NYSE:PKG Debt to Equity History November 16th 2020
How Healthy Is Packaging Corporation of America's Balance Sheet?
The latest balance sheet data shows that Packaging Corporation of America had liabilities of US$775.4m due within a year, and liabilities of US$3.39b falling due after that. On the other hand, it had cash of US$1.05b and US$864.6m worth of receivables due within a year. So its liabilities total US$2.25b more than the combination of its cash and short-term receivables.
Given Packaging Corporation of America has a humongous market capitalization of US$12.2b, it's hard to believe these liabilities pose much threat. But there are sufficient liabilities that we would certainly recommend shareholders continue to monitor the balance sheet, going forward.
In order to size up a company's debt relative to its earnings, we calculate its net debt divided by its earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) and its earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) divided by its interest expense (its interest cover). Thus we consider debt relative to earnings both with and without depreciation and amortization expenses.
Packaging Corporation of America has net debt of just 1.1 times EBITDA, indicating that it is certainly not a reckless borrower. And it boasts interest cover of 7.6 times, which is more than adequate. It is just as well that Packaging Corporation of America's load is not too heavy, because its EBIT was down 22% over the last year. When a company sees its earnings tank, it can sometimes find its relationships with its lenders turn sour. When analysing debt levels, the balance sheet is the obvious place to start. But ultimately the future profitability of the business will decide if Packaging Corporation of America can strengthen its balance sheet over time. So if you want to see what the professionals think, you might find this free report on analyst profit forecasts to be interesting.
Finally, a company can only pay off debt with cold hard cash, not accounting profits. So we clearly need to look at whether that EBIT is leading to corresponding free cash flow. During the last three years, Packaging Corporation of America produced sturdy free cash flow equating to 68% of its EBIT, about what we'd expect. This free cash flow puts the company in a good position to pay down debt, when appropriate.
Based on what we've seen Packaging Corporation of America is not finding it easy, given its EBIT growth rate, but the other factors we considered give us cause to be optimistic. In particular, we are dazzled with its conversion of EBIT to free cash flow. Looking at all this data makes us feel a little cautious about Packaging Corporation of America's debt levels. While debt does have its upside in higher potential returns, we think shareholders should definitely consider how debt levels might make the stock more risky. The balance sheet is clearly the area to focus on when you are analysing debt. But ultimately, every company can contain risks that exist outside of the balance sheet. Case in point: We've spotted 4 warning signs for Packaging Corporation of America you should be aware of.
If, after all that, you're more interested in a fast growing company with a rock-solid balance sheet, then check out our list of net cash growth stocks without delay.
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