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Optimized Launch of a Rocket Launcher Type, From La Guajira - Colombia | OMICS International
Journal of Physical Mathematics
Optimized Launch of a Rocket Launcher Type, From La Guajira - Colombia
Ruiz DPC*
Independent Researcher, Colombia
Ruiz DPC
Tel: 617- 667669-1278
Received date: May 30, 2016; Accepted date: June 22, 2016; Published date: June 27, 2016
Citation: Ruiz DPC (2016) Optimized Launch of a Rocket Launcher Type, From La Guajira - Colombia. J Phys Math 7:182. doi:10.4172/2090-0902.1000182
Copyright: © 2016 Ruiz DPC. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Visit for more related articles at Journal of Physical Mathematics
The initial process for introducing the respective input variables to the mathematical models depends on the flight mission to define; keeping in mind the simplifications that are taking place are also established; as well as input data relevant to mention such as for example are the speed, the height, the cut-off, data concerning the orbit perigee, apogee, period and flat trajectory of the orbit. It is defined in the same simplified manner, the orbital elements and the inclination to consider. Additionally, the energy requirement is established and a specific impulse not defined, specific current pulses propellants either solid or liquid. Specific impulses of current propellants either solid or liquid must not exceed the limits established in technologically optimum mass distribution and the number of stages. At that point the main problem to observe will be associated with the number one phase in which we must find the path from the launch point to the injection of the payload, minimizing the loss of thrust required for acceleration, gravitational effects and drag. This requires a path to minimize these losses and minimize the overall fuel consumption of the vehicle. as part of the origin of the proposed research problem, was noted the work developed in the research hotbed SE-AST (Hotbed of astronautically studies) that have been developed academic work order relating to conceptual designs rocket dimensioning of motors and calculating orbits within the projects undertaken there labor and courses, but has been developed from work pending that address the dynamic of powered flight path.
Space vehicle; Cut; Tilt; Mathematical model; Burn; Orbit; Flight angle; Astronautics; Celestial mechanics
Since times ago, issues rocketry are existed but never reaches further, it is to the issues left open for conducting research on different approaches of interest in rocketry treated specially in Colombia, where don't count with a real program of research in astrophysics. It is come to be important explore different strategies applied to modeling and optimization, because they can contribute to the structure applied to the field of astronautics in Colombia. This work is focuses on a theoretical study in the field of physic- mathematical, so it cannot determine the outcome.
The activities for the mathematical and physical interpretation of the patch to calculate lie in determining number of stages, mass distribution, structural coefficients, ratio payload, mass ratios, which can establish the optimum quantity of propellant for mission. The equations of motion are the main tool in this research, logically organized for use as a mathematical model; the correlation equations involving mass change over time, as well as elements such as the rotational speed of the earth and dependent equations engine performance in terms of thrust can determine the general path curve of the rocket during the propulsive phase and get the variables that show one of the groups with the same tendencies but not identical of this optimum criterion.
Taken as a point of launch vehicle rocket, within Guajira region in Colombia; this document give to know how can be establish the flight path of a rocket in propulsive phase, so this path satisfies the requirements of minimizing fuel and flight time; having in consideration optimization requirements and weight distribution, the number of stages vehicle, optimum load factor, aerodynamic effects, lost thrust gravitational effects, orbiting trajectory plane to the ecliptic and the celestial Ecuador, and rotation of the earth, among other considerations into a Colombian's region.
Taking in consideration the range from the definition of the flight mission in a design methodology within the overall vehicle design methodology strategy, that is called "energy requirements", where the rocket launcher to achieve the evaluation charts of flight paths as angle, also the height and speed are followed as a function of time, where through numerical integrations of body dynamics equations and celestial mechanics are built to formulate the model rocket trajectory parameterized by the conceptual design of the rocket, which has nevertheless been optimizations in some key elements to define the optimal path.
Theorical model
Taken as a point of launch vehicle rocket, within Guajira region in Colombia; this document give to know how can be establish the flight path of a rocket in propulsive phase, so this path satisfies the requirements of minimizing fuel and flight time; having in consideration optimization requirements and weight distribution, the number of stages vehicle, optimum load factor, aerodynamic effects, thrust gravitational effects, orbiting of the trajectory to the ecliptic and the celestial Ecuador, and rotation of the earth, among other considerations into a Colombian's region.
Also taking in consideration the range from the definition of the flight mission in a methodology design within the overall vehicle design methodology strategy, called "energy requirements", the rocket launcher will achieve the evaluation charts of flight paths as angle, in addition, the height and speed are followed as a function of time, where through numerical integrations of body dynamics equations and celestial mechanics are built to formulate the model for the patch that the rocket is going to take parameterized by the conceptual design of this, which has nevertheless been optimizations in some key elements to define the optimal path [1-3].
The process starts by defining the mission flight entering the respective input variables to the mathematical models, keeping in mind the simplifications set to take place; relevant data entry mentioned are for example the speed, the height, the Cut-off, data concerning the orbit perigee, apogee, period, flat trajectory of the orbit, which in this project will be the equatorial and well defined simplified manner orbital elements thereof, within which is the inclination. Additionally, the energy requirement is established and a specific impulse, not exceeding technologically specific impulse propellants current either solid or liquid, but what is definite is that once defined a propellant selected, this is defined and optimizing the number of stages and the optimal distribution of mass in the rocket, it is limited to this.
The mathematical and physical interpretation can determinate the number of stages, mass distribution, structural coefficients, payload ratio and the mass ratios that establish the optimum quantity of propellant for the mission.
The equations of motion are obtained generally in referenced literature, but must logically organized for use as a useful mathematical model by correlating equations involving the change of mass over time, and further include elements such as the rotational speed of the earth and dependent equations of engine performance in terms of thrust.
Finally, the process is achieved by optimization, the curves which together represent the evolution over time of the variables that set out the general behavior of the trajectory of the rocket during the propelled phase, where in the optimal trajectory, this set is one of many others with similar trends, but are not identical, they're are unique which is illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Variable's trend.
For obtain the curves over time it is necessary to iterate different mass values, total initial mass and initial mass of the next stage, to obtain those, we can to obtain a structure that meets mission requirements [4].
λε (1)
ε: Effective Rate
λ: Load factor
Ratio values payload "λ "can be found from the equalization mass ratio "
"Given by equation (2):
Other mean parameter is the specific impulse, that describes the energy content of the propellant in a practical measure for use in engineering, in units of time (seconds), so this one provides the possibility of converting chemical energy into mechanical energy in terms of thrust, associate the correct nozzle design and engine, therefore, it is also the thrust developed per unit weight of propellant consumed in the time unit, as shown in Equation 3.
Δv.Ve (3)
Ve=Mo.M1 (4)
Δv: Maximum speed change
Ve: Total velocity
Mo: Total Mass
M1: Final Mass
Isp: Specific Impulse
The last equation show specify values you having in each stage, according to Tsiolkovsky rocket equation (4), which explains how the rocket acceleration subject to mass expulsion of propellant achieves high speeds from the conservation of momentum [5].
So, in a rocket due to atmospheric effects, the specific impulse varies with altitude, in the emptiness. That's mean, the specific impulse is empty or under sea level [6].
This definition comes from knowing the burn rate depending on the specific impulse determined by the type of propellant used to further reduce the burning time is needed to achieve gravitational escape velocity, thus ensuring the minimum burn time.
Where the variables are meaning:
Vbo: Burnout Velocity.
mo: Initial mass in the phase
mf: Final mass in the phase
μ: Mass relation between initial and final mass.
θ: Flight angle
g0: Gravity in the sea level
: Propellant mass flow
me: Effective mass.
In addition, we need to consider the orbital velocity which is defined as the minimum speed that has a satellite, planet or body to orbit another body that is in the space, is set considering this factor is decisive when it comes to moving bodies, in that case it is to talk of a lower apogee height 350 km, in an elliptical path.
Finally the most important factors to keep in consideration, they're the flight angle and drag angle. In order to achieve greater control over the shape of the path, is necessary to make the Lift like negative, this means that the forces that act on the ascent will be the thrust and drag, and the lift will go towards the center of curvature path.
Clearly, the initial portion of the path must be nearly vertical, so that the length of the flight path on the rocket is subject to appreciable friction is reduced as much as possible. On the other hand, if it is too steep there will be an adverse effect on the speed due to the presence of gravity [7,8].
A variable angle of inclination is required "α"as a component of thrust along the path, in order to determine the best path.
Where we can find that:
F: Rocket ascendents force.
gs: Gravity in each phase in termins of height.
m: Propelent's mass flow.
Coasting describes the dynamic law, is meaning, the motion of a particle in a conservative field of force, and should always be such that the total energy and the angular momentum is conserved.
The changes that occur after Coasting are denoted as changes in speed, where the fixed coordinate system is denoted in polar coordinates.
This height defines us at what point you run out of rocket propellant, so this point is important to know the height limit of the stage.
h: Height Burnout
mb Gravity at sea level
tp: Specific Impulse
: Relationship initial and final Mass
mo: Initial Height
Finally the whole trajectory is defined because they involve all the conditions to which it is subjected as the rocket thrust, speed, mass change, drag, earth rotation and change of gravity with altitude.
The flight angle change over time relates the contribution of rocket thrust and the contribution of the Earth's rotation, changing speed and angle for the instantaneous values of these variables at each point of the trajectory
When the rocket is launched since the Ecuador, the gross weight required is approximately 30 % less than if it had been presented at one of the poles. The launch in Ecuador also has an important advantage, because if you throw in the equatorial plane will be no north-south component of the Coriolis force.
With tilding factor that allows finding the reference values to know the behavior in the path unoptimized.
A: Angle with respect to the vertical
ε: Coefficient Structural
Dh: Changing height
R: Radius of the Earth
r: radius of the orbit
v: Speed
θ: angle of flight
Ω: angular velocity of the Earth
tb Time Quemado
Dt: Changing time
Also, it's necessary consider the right coordinates in the rotation system, in which the rocket is in favor of the rotation's direction of the earth, in which the relative speed increase and the rocket reached orbit speed every time in polar coordinate system type because they allow determining the spatial position of a specific point by a distance and two angles.
So the modeling patch is completed by integral equations of motion. With this, is possible verified that for each stage to follow, the curve defined ensures that an optimization is obtained. Through the optimization of integral equations of motion is performed by Euler's method; the solution is made to be increasing step of the independent variable in this case and thus a time derivative of this is assuming that no time variation is small and thus an approximation of the speed values is in terms of flight angle and height.
If the value of the variation is large they are can have large errors, but having a small variation values become very accurate.
The Figures 2-7 illustrates the main p arameters defined by the study of the orbit. Also take in account that
Figure 2: Speed gas output.
Figure 3: Velocity with constant time in the load factor.
Figure 4: Height with constant load factor into the three stages.
Figure 5: Optimal velocityin three different Phases.
Figure 6: Optimal Flight angle Phase.
Figure 7: Optimal height phase.
• The thrust is considering constant because a variation in the thrust force can be modified in order to ensure that during the stage there will be a delta (change), thrust altering the conditions of speed, altitude or flight angle the trajectory.
• The value of load factor is given by the pressure and mass for each of the stages. This value takes into account how it is affected by aerodynamic forces (Lift and drag).
• Payload ratio "λ" should be small in order to ensure optimal trajectory recalling that the objective is to calculate the masses (mass of propellant and structure).
Speed gas output results
Since speed is one of the main parameters to which the rocket is subject in each of the stages, the ideal speed of the gas outlet is calculated, the initial velocity is indicated as rocket behavior as it consumes propellant, this allows identifying the time available before the rocket thrust stop performing.
First stage: There is an increase in speed as it ascends the rocket.
Second stage: there is reached at increasing speed above the orbiting, then, the friction and the atmosphere cause a decrease in the speed.
Third stage: It is not reached deceleration counter friction propulsion then acceleration is less than the deceleration, as this speed is lower orbiting speed is reached.
Then, it is possible to determine how high the steps came and if the sum of which is greater than the height of perigee and after that, it is possible to determinate the states that the rocket would go into orbit. The sum of the three height increases show that the reported Cut off the end, considering that this must meet the orbital height. Also, Tilting is a value of an analysis does not take into account aerodynamic forces that is not a major change but if you want to know the behavior unoptimized path it is an interesting fact.
Optimal velocity
Speed starts decreasing at stage 3 and since it is subject to effects of air resistance, air friction, at the time of start of coasting the speed decreases, so the speed of the rocket is equal to the orbiting velocity. The rocket flight angle decreases as time passes. The change introduced to the first stage is achieved shortly before the rocket reaches the burn point but in steps two and three are present much earlier. Set if the height reached by the rocket as time passes gets the value of the optimal time for each stage thus fulfilling the stated values of the flight speed versus time.
The analysis of the trajectory of a rocket has different processes to ensure that the defined space mission is fulfilled, so it is necessary to conduct a thorough investigation directly to the rocket structurally affected, since the main parameter will be the structure of the rocket. This research does not account with profound gravity parameters and flight dynamics. Also coasting establish for each of the stages is necessary for predict the fall instead of each structure of the different stages, this being an important parameter when the launch site is selected.
They not currently have facilities in Colombia to support a space mission, but as seen in the development of the research, Colombia has a suitable space for the launch of a spacecraft due to its actual condition, about the latitudes and involvement rotation of land given by the Coriolis Effect. Through when the complete study of the temperature, pressure and density of the atmosphere at extreme altitudes is performed, the data can vary considerably. Especially the engine work.
Bate R, Mueller D, White J (1971) Fundamentals of Astrodynamics. Nueva York: Dover Publications, USA.
Bhatnagar P, Rajan S, Saxenad D (2012) Study on optimization problem of propellant mass distribution under restrictive contition in Multiestage Rocket. International Journal of computer applications 24: 27-29.
Murcia Piñeros JO (2012) Study of the trajectory of a three- stage rocket launched from the territory of Colombia. National university of Colombia.
Velasco JL (2013) Research Group of Energy and Environment. Giema.
Sutton PG, Oscar B (2010) Rocket Propulsion Elements. John Euley & Sons, USA.
Taylor T (1995) Introduction to Rocket Science Engineering. CRC PRESS.
Teren F, Spurlok O (1966) Payload Optimization of Multistage Launch Vehicle. NASA Technical Note.
Turner M (2001) Rocket and Spacecraft Propultion. Praxis Publishing Ltd, UK.
Analytical Geometry
Hamilton Mechanics
Noether's theorem
Physical Mathematics
Quantum electrodynamics
Riemannian Geometry
Theory of Mathematical Modeling
mirror symmetry
vector bundle
Research & Reviews: Journal of Statistics and Mathematical Sciences
Biometrics & Biostatistics journals
June-2016 - Jan 21, 2020]


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An Interview With the Rising Singer, MARIO JOSE!
Tag: All Access, All Access Music Group, Artist Interview, Heart Hope Love Tour, Heartt of Gold, Leroy Sanchez, Mario Jose, Pentatonix, Scott Hoying
Fresh off his Heart Hope Love Tour, Mario Jose' just announced he will be joining Leroy Sanchez on his upcoming U.S., Canada tour. Leroy Sanchez born in Spain, found his fame on Youtube in 2010 when well-known U.S. producer Jim Jonsin brought him to Miami to record music. In 2014, Leroy released 2 singles which prompted his nomination at the 2016 Teen Choice Awards in the "Next Big Thing" category. Leroy has just released his first album "Elevated" and has asked Mario Jose' to open the tour.
Mario Jose has been singing his whole life but got his big break in 2010 on the second season of NBC's The Sing-Off. Where he also met the a capella group Penatonix. Making a lifelong friendship with singer Scott Hoying who would be instrumental in assisting Mario in his career.
He then decided to give singing competitions another chance becoming Mariah Carey's favorite in season 12 of American Idol. Even though he didn't take the title home, he never lost focus or determination. Shortly after that, he became an intern at MTV Networks to learn as much as could about the business side of the music industry. It was there that he met his now manager Ryan Aceto of AMMO Managment.
In 2014, he was the lead backup vocalist at the famed W Hotel in Hollywood for their weekly Jazz night. Singing backup for music icons such as; Justin Beiber, Prince, Stevie Wonder, Michael McDonald, Nicole Scherzinger amongst others.
In 2015, Mario continued to learn every side of the music industry by landing a job as tour assistant for Penatonix US tour. It was then, Mario was asked to open for Penatonix at their Boston show at the Agganis Arena singing for 6k people (https://youtu.be/qk4kHnjcSuY).
2016 proved to be an eventful year for Mario's career. Mario along with AMMO Management independently released his debut album Heart of Gold which climbed to #33 on iTunes Pop Charts and cracked the Top 200 overall albums. His music can be found on iTunes, Apple Music, Spotify, Google Play, etc. He also hosted the PostModern JukeBox tour twice and most recently sang a duet with Meghan Trainor at the New Orleans Jazz Fest (https://youtu.be/PMRxMu39l8Q. He also caught the ear of music supervisor Rick Krimbel. Rick has placed his music in 2017 iHeart Radio Music Awards and 2017 MTV Movie and TV Awards. Featuring his songs "Try Me' & "Good Vibes (remix)".
Connect With Mario Jose Here:
Facebook- mariojosemusic
Twitter-@HeyItsMarioJose
Youtube- Mariojosemusic
Insta- @heyitsmariojose
www.mariojosemusic.com
Learn more about Mario Jose in the following All Access interview:
Thanks for your time today! Where does this interview find you today? Is there music playing in the background? If so, what is it? What music gets you instantly out of a bad mood?
You're welcome! This interview finds me in my bed in a Super 8 Motel in Austin, TX on our day off from tour. No music currently, just my guitarist/roommie sleeping. Haha. Anything Stevie Wonder will rip me out of a funk.
Growing up, did you always want to be a musician? Can you recall your earliest musical memory?
Always have and probably always will want to be a musician. Daycare Talent Show, I sang My Funny Valentine.
I always like to ask artists about where they came from and how that city or town has influenced them as an artist now. So how do you think your hometown has affected who you are as a musician and the art that you create?
Yes and no! In terms of excitement, no way. LOL. Don't get me wrong, I love Concord, CA but it's pretty suburban day to day life. The PEOPLE however absolutely shaped me, specifically my parents. I'm very close with them. They've always taught me to treat others with respect and love and think that definitely comes through in my music.
Musically, did you approach this year any differently then you did last year? How has 2017 been treating you and your career?
I absolutely approached this year differently. I even spent NYE alone, making lists and taking time for myself and it's been treating me well so far. I'm on my 4th tour this year already, my EP "Heart Of Gold" is about to celebrate it's 1st birthday and I've taken a HUGE plunge into fitness and I've lost 30 pounds since June!
Can you recall what you learned from being on NBC's The Sing-Off? How was meeting Penatonix and forming a friendship with singer Scott Hoying?
Boy oh boy, did I learn a lot. I learned that there's so much the world doesn't see when it comes to the reality competitions, in both good and bad ways. I saw it can tear friends apart and bring new amazing friends together, like it did with Pentatonix and I. Meeting them was so awesome, they've always been gems. Scott and I are just drawn to each other, we feed off of each other's energy and I absolutely adore him. I couldn't say a bad thing about him.
What made you decide to audition for another singing competition in the season 12 of American Idol? What was that experience like for you? Would you do any of these shows again today?
Wellp! Haha…I LOVED these shows growing up, we all did. I auditioned for Idol Season 12 because I had just moved to LA the year before and I thought "what the hell, if you get on, millions of people get to see you every week and even if you don't win, they help get your face out there!" It was a trip…but what I took from it most are the lifelong friends I've made from it. I don't plan on auditioning for any of these kinds of shows again.
What was it like finally releasing your debut album "Heart of Gold" in 2016? Did anything surprise you about that whole process?
It was a dream. My manager and I made sure everyone working on the EP lived up to it's title and everyone did. Exceeded golden hearts, really. I was nervous because I had never released original music before, but with all the co-writers, producers, musicians and management, my nerves were wiped away. I was surprised at how many people donated their time, love and talents into it. I'm sure I'll forever say "we" released "Heart Of Gold" because it took a village and I'm so grateful for everyone that was involved!
Are you currently working on new music? How do you think you have grown as an artist over the past few years? What has remained the same about you?
I AM! I've been writing a BUNCH lately and I'm so excited. I think my sound is always evolving in terms of production and melodic choices, but my writing and direction is pretty much along the same path. I have to sing from an honest place. Whether it be more story or a close friend's that I'm writing about, I write from reality and relatable ideas.
You have a lot of touring experience under your belt so I am curious to know what you think the best part about it is? Right now, even, you are in the middle of an extensive tour so how has it been going? What have been some favorite venues or crowds so far?
Right now, I'm in LOVE with touring. My favorite part is meeting people in every city, seeing where they came from to be there and watching their faces light up when they know or like a song I'm singing. It's surreal. Favorite venues include The El Rey Theatre (at the beginning of this "Elevated Tour" with Leroy Sanchez), Agganis Arena (opening for Pentatonix) and Hotel Café in LA.
With the summer being just about over, what is something fun that you tried for the first time?
I know this sounds SO lame, but Box Jumps at the gym! Lol. I'm obsessed with my gym Basecamp in WeHo.
We are living in a crazy and at times rough world right now so I am curious how you think being a musician gives you the most joy in life today? Do you think that new music being created today is going to reflect these hard times?
I think as musicians, it's our duty to acknowledge the hardships we're going through and while we have an audience with us, let them know they're safe, they're not alone and that they're appreciated and loved. We would NOT be there without our fans. I think there is TONS of great music being created to shine light on hard times. Logic & Alessia Cara and Pink! They're leading the pack and I love it.
Who are some of your favorite artists or rather, what musicians have continued to inspire you and your music? What musicians would you absolutely love to work with in the future?
Stevie Wonder, Celine Dion, John Legend, Carrie Underwood, Brian McKnight – all HUGE inspirations and would die to collaborate with any of them.
What do you hope fans take away from your music? Do you think that your music has a singular overall message at all?
I hope they take away that they're not alone. Artists are real people with real lives and real problems. I think overall, there is a general aura of "loving life" in my music because I do love life. I hope others hear that too!
What advice would you give to a young person who is thinking about becoming a musician one day?
Don't wait, start NOW. Start writing, start singing, start down that path towards your dream…and DON'T compare yourself to anyone. Everyone's yellow brick road leads in a different direction, follow YOURS.
Is there anything else that you would like to share with our readers about yourself or your forthcoming music?
Not much other than THANK YOU for reading and finding out a little bit more about me and my music. The stuff to come is gonna be great and I hope to see you along the way!
An Interview with JD SIMO On His Latest Collection 'Rise & Shine' and More!
An Interview With The Promising Canadian Singer-Songwriter, LYNN MOFFATT!

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I check the preferences and the use course rating is set to "no"
When I look at Bello Woods it doesn't have a rating just for the White, is this why I'm getting the error?
Course ratings are still required in case the "use course rating" feature is turned on at a later point. The course will need to be updated.


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You are here: Home / General Categories / Things To Know About: HDMI Switches | Ultimate Guide
Things To Know About: HDMI Switches | Ultimate Guide
An HDMI source selector is a piece of hardware used to make HDMI video input selections on a television. An HDMI output may be available on a cable box or DVD player but not on television. Alternatively, a television may only have one HDMI input. This would need a three-port HDMI switch, which would have three HDMI inputs and one HDMI output for the television set. Numerous HDMI switches are available when multiple TVs are being utilized. There are three ways to activate the switch: manually, through remote control, or automatically, depending on your preference. HDMI signals are sent to the TV when an HDMI source is activated with a higher priority. See the HDMI video output.
Using the TV Speakers
Separate audio systems are available in the home theater.
What is an HDMI switch used for?
What is the purpose of an HDMI Switch?
Using only HDMI connections and the TV's speakers eliminates the need for any further audio or video cabling. Oppo Digital's 3×1 HDMI switch lets you switch between three HDMI inputs at the touch of a button or automatically, depending on your preference. The lowest-numbered signal on an input port takes precedence.
The A/V receiver receives the audio, while the TV receives the visual. A/D conversion, upscaling, HDMI video switching, and audio switching are all provided by this DVDO EDGE device. Using HDMI or TOSLINK, it receives audio from the visual sources and routes it to the A/V receiver for surround sound processing.
To begin, let's examine the function of an HDMI switch. To put it another way, HDMI switches are like traffic lights at the crossroads of all your HDMI inputs. Only one HDMI signal may be delivered to the television at a time using the HDMI switch.
In the case of several HDMI video source devices (Blu-ray players, DVRs, or streaming boxes, for example), HDMI switches are beneficial for users who want to switch between them one at a time. Useful when utilizing a device like the driftTV, which preprocesses signals before transmitting them to the television. As a result of not having an HDMI switch, you'd either need another driftTV for each device hooked into your TV, or you'd be stuck with one for each of your devices. All of the signals may be sent through a single driftTV using an HDMI switch.


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Peter Nduati
Years in Industry: 25+
Masters of Arts, Aberdeen University, Scotland
BA Economics, Government DAV College, Punjab University, Chandigarh India
Business management and enterpreneurship
Summary Experience
Peter Nduati is the current Group CEO of Resolution Health. Prior to his current role, he was the CEO of Metropolitan Heath Group, a South African Health insurance group and prior to that he was the Managing Director of AAR Health Services Tanzania. An entrepreneur at heart, Peter has founded two companies, namely Absolute Security Ltd where he is the founder, anchor shareholder and Redwood Capital, a private equity fund with a concentration in the technology industry where he has 100 percent ownership.
Among his other roles, Peter is a director of First Benefits Ltd, Pine Creek Holdings and Brown Oak Ltd an investment holding company. He also sits on the Board of Governors of Dagoretti High School.
Mr. Nduati was named Entrepreneur of the Year 2013 in the East Africa round of the Johnnie Walker Blue Label CNBC Africa All Africa Business Leaders Awards. He was also admitted as a Global Fellow in the Africa Leadership Institute, the ASPEN initiative.
Dan Awendo
AMP from Strathmore Business School and IESE Business School in Spain
Certified Public Accountant, Strathmore University
Industry Audit, accounting, corporate finace and management consultancy
Audit, accounting, corporate finace and management consultancy
Mr. Awendo has over 20 years of post qualification experience in audit, accounting, management consultancy, corporate finance and entrepreneurship. Dan has worked in various senior management positions in both local and international companies and has been a board member of various companies and learning institutions in Kenya. Dan is the founder and previously the CEO of Investeq Capital, a company that focuses on the unique environment of financing Small & Medium sized business in East Africa. Dan led Investeq Capital to win both local and continental awards in Strategy, Leadership, Customer Orientation, Financial Performance and Entrepreneurship. He has also previously been named by The Business Daily as amongst Kenya's "High Impact Entrepreneurs" and also amongst Kenya's "CEO's with Golden Hands". He has also been profiled by The Standard Newspaper as a "Captain of Industry."
Peter Mungai
Non Executive Director
Mr. Peter Mungai holds a Masters Degree in Leadership & Management from Management University of Africa
He is also a member of the Institute of Certified Public Accountants (Kenya). Mr. Mungai is a Finance specialist with over 30 years' experience in the industry.
He brings a wealth of experience in management consultancy, statutory audits, MIS Audits and impact assessment on projects having worked in various institutions such as Dan & Anderson Associates, Sub-Saharan Africa (ABM) Eastman Kodak Inc. and Wachira Irungu & Associates.
Kendi Ogamba
Kenya School of Law–Bar Qualifying Examinations
She is an advocate of the High Court of Kenya with over 20 plus years' experience in the legal field.
She bring in a wealth of knowledge in management, marketing law, regulatory and ethics compliance having worked in various institutions such as Hamilton Harrison & Mathews advocates, the Coca – Cola Company and Migos – Ogamba & Co. Advocates
Mbugua Gecaga
MBA-Henley Management College
Bachelors of Science-University of Nairobi
Marketing, brand strategy and business management
A marketer by training Mr. Gecaga has over 20 years of experience in the Marketing and Branding profession. Having worked with British American Tobacco, the region's largest supplier of tobacco related products, in senior marketing positions in Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe and the Indian Ocean Islands, Mbugua is well versed in strategic marketing, and he brings on-board important skillsets for the execution of the Company's marketing and sales strategies.
Mbugua is currently serving in the Finance, Procurement, Admin & Strategy Committee for Home Afrika Ltd where among others he oversees the Group's financial performance and strategy. Aside from his role in the committee, drawing from his years of experience in marketing, he ensures that Home Afrika Ltd is aligned strategically in relation to brand presence and market.
Mr Luke Kinoti
Mr. Luke Kinoti
Bachelors' Degree in Mathematics and Statistics, University of Nairobi.
Private Equity, Fund Management, Real Estate, Microfinance and Insurance
Summary Experience.
The Board of Directors of Home Afrika Limited ("Home Afrika") would like to announce the appointment of Mr. Luke Kinoti as a Non-Executive Director of Home Afrika with effect from 24th July 2019.
Mr. Kinoti holds a Bachelors' Degree in Mathematics and Statistics from
the University of Nairobi and is also a member of the Institute of Directors
(Kenya). Mr. Kinoti is a Finance specialist, entrepreneur and philanthropist
with over 30 years' experience in building the economy through the
establishment of various companies. He brings a wealth of experience in various sectors having worked in various institutions such as Suntra Investment Limited and Fusion Capital.
Caroline J. Kigen
Master in Business Administration (Accounting)
Bachelors of Commerce–University of Nairobi
Audit, accounting and financial advisory
Caroline, a member of the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya (ICPAK), is also the current chair of the Professional Accountancy Organization (PAO) Development Committee.
A role that she has served faithfully since January 2014. She previously served as a member of the Compliance Advisory Panel from 2008 to 2012 and its deputy chair in 2013; as the Chief Executive Officer and Secretary to the Council of the ICPAK, a position she held from 2006 to 2014. Mrs. Kigen has also held the role of Director of Professional Services and Deputy to the Chief Executive Officer of the ICPAK.
Caroline also has experience working within the academic world, having served as a lecturer of accounting at the University of Nairobi and Strathmore University for more than five years, as well as working within the audit and assurance department of PwC. Mrs. Kigen has extensive experience in the boardroom having served in various boards and committees, including KASNEB, the body that examines the professional CPA examinations in Kenya.
Madren Oluoch-Olunya
Madren holds various qualifications including a Master of Law Degree (LL.M) from the London School of Economics and Political Science, UK. She is an Advocate of the High Court of Kenya, a Certified Public Secretary (Kenya) and is also an alumnus of Strathmore Business School, Kenya and IESE Business School, Spain. She is a founder Board Director of the Institute of Directors (Kenya) where she has been a member since inception in 2004.
Madren Oluoch-Olunya is the Managing Partner of Azali Certified Public Secretaries LL.P. a premium provider of board secretarial and corporate governance advisory services. She is a multi-skilled professional with extensive management and consulting experience gained over twenty (20) years in Board, Legal and Human Resource practice. She has worked in both the public and private sectors and across finance, hospitality and fast-moving consumer goods industries within Africa. She has consulted for various clients including the IFC Africa Corporate Governance Program.
Madren works with various organizations to implement international best practices related to corporate governance and build capacity for the sustainability of these interventions. She has developed various corporate governance tools, facilitated training workshops, conducted governance assessments and board evaluations, led director searches, induction and provided general governance and HR advisory services in emerging markets. Madren is an experienced Board director and Pension trustee and she participates as a speaker/panelist in several professional forums.
She is also an accredited governance auditor.
Our Board – Draft


Site Map Italian Genealogy Online Italy Help "Tools"
How to obtain birth, death, and marriage certificates in Italy - Information prepared by the Office of Citizens Services at the U.S. Embassy in Rome, Italy as an aid for persons in need of vital records from Italian authorities.
Italian military Records - brief overview of Conscription Records from PIE/FAQs.
Certificato Di Stato Di Familia - is an invaluable source of Italian Genealogy Information although they are difficult to obtain these days. See what one looks like on this Italian Research page.
Family Search Catalog - Search the catalog of genealogical materials (including books, online materials, microfilm, microfiche, and publications) made available by the Mormons.
ITALY Historical Record Collections - Browse images of historical documents from Italian Archives made available by FamilySearch (LDS) Latter Day Saints - the Mormons. View them on your own computer. You no longer have to rely on transcriptions of documents (often frustrating and incorrect) or wondering if you will ever have time to view the films at your local Family History Center. GO FOR IT NOW --ONLINE!!!... wow great!!! and FREE.
ITALIAN ARCHIVES ITALY (Archivi di Stati) - The Italian Archives in Italy are now uploading records of the older Italian Birth, Marriage and Death documents Online for you to freely browse. EASY to LOOK through the Digital Images of the State Civil Records of State in the Italian Provincial Archives for FREE. The following Italian Archives of State (Archivi di Stati) have Historical Document IMAGES Online: Archivio di Stato di . . . Agrigento, Arezzo, Ascoli Piceno, Asti, Bari, Benevento, Bergamo, Brescia, Caltanissetta, Campobasso, Catanzaro, Chieti, Como, Cremona, Cuneo, Enna, Firenze, Forlì, Genova, Grosseto, Imperia, Imperia-sezione di Ventimiglia, Imperia-sezione San Remo, L'Aquila, La Spezia, Lucca, Macerata, Mantova, Messina, Modena, Napoli, Padova, Pesaro, Pesaro-Sezione di Fano, Pesaro-sezione di Urbino, Pescara, Potenza, Prato, Ragusa, Reggio Calabria, Rieti, Roma, Salerno, Savona, Taranto, Torino, Trapani, Treviso, Udine, Venezia, Viterbo.
Italian Form Letter Generator - by Bill Girimonti. Easy to use Interactive Form Letters to request civil vital records, Family Certificates, Letters to the Town Mayor, Letter to request permission to personally consult civil vital records and more. Includes address lookups for Zip Codes and Province Abbreviations.
More Form letters in Italian from Family Tree Maker's Genealogy Site.
WHEN you get ready to send a letter or request for Italian Genealogy Records to a potential relative or a Comune in Italy (letters on site) use the following lookups to find the Postal Codes and more .
Find a postal code in Italy - Type in the name of the town.
Cap e Prefissi - Hot Web Guide - research Comune, Postal Zip and Prefix codes.
CAP e Prefissi Telefonici - E A S Y Italian Postal Code lookup by first letter.
List of postal codes in Italy - English Wikipedia brief overview of Italian postal codes and a short list of towns (comuni) which have only one CAP postal code..
Directory of Cities, Towns, and Regions in Italy - by Falling Rain Genomics, Inc.
Comuni-Italiani.it - Information & statistics on Italian Regions, Provinces & Municipalities. All Cities, Towns and Villages in Italy. Terrific site in Italian & English.
Comuni d'Italia, Servizi al Cittadino e alle Pubbliche Amministrazioni - search for addresses and stats on an Italian comune. Use only part of name if it starts with San, Santa, etc. For instance when searching for San Fele, search only for Fele.
Ancitel: Servizi per i Governi Locali - easy look ups for various government services. The next 2 links are directly from this one.
Italian Municipal Institutions - Almost all the "Official" Italian Websites are here. Good site.
Pagine Bianche Italian Phone Book Italy - Italian White Pages extensive listings of Surnames in EACH Comune. TIPS: Insert a surname (cognome) or a given name (Nome). Click CERCA. If you know the name of the comune (municipality) then type it into the space under "Dove" ------Use this to look up the address of the town hall in the comune you are researching. ------TIP, enter Municipio where it asks for cognome (sometimes you have to use the word Municipale or Comune di --name of town--pn Good to Double Check on the other online Italian Phone & Address lookups in this section. Also NOTE: the Italian Phone books do NOT list cell-phones or UNlisted numbers.
PAGINE GAILLE / Italian Yellow Pages - good for many things such as double checking addresses for the Military District, DISTRETTO MILITARE in the Province your ancestor was registered in or enter Comune on top line [cosa] and the name of the town on the second line [Dove].
Pronto.it - search the Italian white pages.
Italian Archivi di Stato Address Listings - Official Italian Site to look up the Italian Archive addresses of most of the State "Provincial" Record Centers in Italy. (In Italian). (sometimes it is not working). Click on "Il Patrimonio Documentario" when/if you get to the individual province information pages to find out what records they hold.
Italian National Archives Information and Addresses - lots of Information on Record Retrieval from Italy in Italian or their old(not updated) page in English.
Guide to the Province Holdings - a list of the many of the record holdings they have on file at 95 of the Italian Archivi di Stato.
On-line Internet Archival System - to some archival information systems of national and international archival significance from the State Archives in Bologna, Italy.
Italian White Pages - Use to look up or double check the address of a church. Enter parrocchia under cognome and the name of the comune in the space under Dove. Click on "CERCA"
Diocesi d'Italia \ Maps - Clickable map of Italy showing the boundaries of the Catholic Church Dioceses.
Diocesi Cattolico Italia - Archdiocese links listing and Major Catholic Archives in Italy - before the advent of compulsory education for all, the Catholic Church was and still is a repository of written historical reference material.
Catholic USA Dioceses on the Web - the world's most comprehensive source of U. S. A. Diocesan Internet information, now lists over 10,000 official Catholic e-mail and web addresses.
Catholic Parishes in ITALY ONLINE - In Italian but more specific than some.
Local Catholic Church History and Genealogy Guide for Italy - includes a section on Italy with links and addresses of local Archdioceses, Dioceses, and Churches. In English.


text:
Extreme Sailing Series Lisbon - 8th October 2016 © Mark Lloyd http://www.lloyd-images.com
Extreme Sailing Series Lisbon
A strong Lisbon breeze transformed the GC32 fleet into turbocharged speed machines but by the end of a spectacular day, the Extreme Sailing Series leaderboard remained the same with Team Oman Air in third place and excited about the finale tomorrow.
After two days of Lisbon lull, the breeze kicked in with gusto driving the boats effortlessly onto their hydrofoils and giving a large international crowd one of the best displays of GC32 foiling so far this year.
Seven races were completed with Oman Sail's Team Oman Air posting three podium positions to finish the day on 159 points, just 28 points behind leaders Alinghi and nine points behind second-placed Norauto, the wildcard French team acknowledged as one of the strongest crews in the GC32 class.
The conditions were superb and the racing frenzied and dynamic with starting tactics key to the success around the course, said Oman Air mainsail trimmer and tactician Pete Greenhalgh.
Extreme Sailing Series Lisbon – 8th October 2016 © Mark Lloyd http://www.lloyd-images.com
"We were sailing pretty well today – our boat handling was really good – and climbed back fairly well after some average starts," he explained.
"You have to take some big risks when you are at the back of the pack so we are taking that as a positive. We were pretty quick but not as quick as the others which was frustrating.
"Alinghi's starts were really solid and that was a big factor so it is no surprise they extended their lead but having said that we are really excited about tomorrow because the conditions are forecast to be the same.
"We will have the boat rejigged and start with a clean sheet. Our plan is to stick to the protocols that we know work and pick the others off one by one, grind them down."
A maximum of 35 knots of boat speed was recorded on the race track today with similar conditions expected on the final day, setting the contest up for a thrilling finale.
"The conditions are fantastic and are giving us the opportunity to show what the boats are capable of," said Omani bowman Nasser Al Mashari.
"The game has moved on in this fleet since the start of the year and we are seeing that all the boats are in contention. It is a lot of fun and a great learning curve."
The Race Village is located at Doca Pedrouços where visitors can experience the full range of Extreme Sailing entertainment including a kids zone with commentary, a market and food stalls.
by Oman Sail
Previous: Lion Island Race
Next: MC38 Summer Series
RC44 Sotogrande Cup
Melges 32 European Sailing Series
MOËT & CHANDON NAMED OFFICIAL CHAMPAGNE OF THE 35TH AMERICA'S CUP
U.S. Class 40 Sailor, Joe Harris, to Attempt 40-foot Monohull Non-Stop


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Притежавате ли Rev'it! Gloves Dominator GTX Light Grey-Anthracite L ,или вече сте имали възможност да го пробвате?


text:
AF discusses game-changing technologies during defense innovation hearing
The Air Force's pursuit of game-changing technologies and the need to attract and retain talented science, technology, engineering, and mathematics professionals were at the center of discussions during a hearing on defense innovation before the House Armed Services Committee's subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities on Capitol Hill Feb. 24, 2016. (Courtesy photo/Air Force Research Laboratory)
By Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Science, Technology and Engineering
WASHINGTON (AFNS) -- The Air Force's pursuit of game-changing technologies and the need to attract and retain talented science, technology, engineering, and mathematics professionals were at the center of discussions during a hearing on defense innovation before the House Armed Services Committee's subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities on Capitol Hill Feb. 24.
Dr. David Walker, the Air Force deputy assistant secretary of science, technology and engineering, joined colleagues from throughout the Defense Department's science and technology enterprise to testify on efforts to maintain – and grow – the technological advantage of the U.S.
"We're at a critical juncture in history," he said. "The relentless pace of change continues to increase complexity and decrease predictability in warfare."
Walker said the Air Force is committed to investment in S&T and embracing new paradigms in capability development.
The Air Force's fiscal year 2017 President's Budget request for S&T is approximately $2.5 billion which is an increase of approximately 4.5 percent over the Air Force's fiscal 2016 President's Budget request. The Air Force S&T program supports the DOD's efforts in the Long Range Research and Development Planning Program and Third Offset Strategy.
He highlighted the continued emphasis on the game-changing technologies of directed energy, nanotechnology, autonomous systems, unmanned systems, and hypersonics. As outlined in the Air Force Strategy, "America's Air Force: A Call to the Future," these technologies amplify many of the enduring attributes of airpower – speed, range, flexibility, and precision.
In terms of directed energy, Walker discussed the Air Force efforts to integrate lasers on aircraft for both defensive and offensive purposes.
"The Air Force is flying every day with lasers under our large aircraft with preventive countermeasures systems," he said. "We have spun out low power lasers that protect our aircraft flying in theater today. The goal is to build off the experiences we have there, as we get larger power outputs, better thermal management out of smaller package lasers to be able to transition these to other aircraft besides our large transport aircraft."
Walker briefly discussed two Air Force efforts in this area. Air Combat Command has commissioned the Self-Protect High Energy Laser Demonstrator (SHIELD) Advanced Technology Demonstration which will be focused on developing and integrating a more compact, medium-power laser weapon system onto a fighter-compatible pod for self-defense against ground-to-air and air-to-air weapons. Air Force Special Operations Command has commissioned both Air Force Research Laboratory and the Naval Support Facility Dahlgren to examine placing a laser on an AC-130U gunship to provide an offensive capability.
Another promising area according to Walker is the "science of the small," or nanotechnology.
"How do we take advantage of nano materials, quantum effects, metamaterials and then how do we link that with biological agents to help us manufacture those materials in a very effective way?" he said. "There's a lot of promise in that area that I think we'll see in the future that it will move us into being able to build materials that we don't even conceive of at this time."
Walker also told the subcommittee that none of the Air Force S&T efforts would be possible without world-class scientists and engineers. He said the Air Force has emphasized funding in attracting and inspiring people to STEM careers, as well as recruiting, retaining and developing the current STEM workforce.
Walker identified the Science, Mathematics and Research for Transformation scholarship for service program as valuable in attracting top talent to the Air Force Research Laboratory.
"One of the keys to retaining talent is getting them into the laboratory and getting them an opportunity to operate in the laboratory and the freedom and magnitude of responsibility they get within government laboratories," he said. "The SMART program is a way to bring them in and then continue to educate them as they move forward. That's one of the ways we've been able to bring in top talent and so far we've been retaining about 87 percent after their mandated service is up."
House Armed Services Committee innovation


text:
U.S. Navy veteran and Connecticut resident Jeremy Zeedyk recently joined the National Energy Management Institute Committee (NEMIC) as the representative for the northeast region. This is a new position put in place to promote certifications through an implementation advisory group, NEMIC administrator David Bernett confirmed.
Zeedyk officially began on Feb. 1 and looks forward to working with local unions and contractors to expand the market and engage members in new and emerging parts of the industry.
During his service in the U.S. Navy, he qualified in submarine warfare, held numerous supervisory positions and security clearances and was awarded two Navy Achievement Medals for service in action during deployments in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom.
After spending a little over four years on a submarine, one might think Zeedyk would have grown tired of being surrounded by metal. However, pursuing a sheet metal apprenticeship upon his honorable discharge in 2004 turned out to be a pretty natural fit. As a sonar technician trained in the science of how sound travels through water depending on pressure and temperature, it wasn't difficult to translate that know-how into understanding how air and water move through pipes and ductwork.
"The formulas I saw in the book as an apprentice didn't look foreign to me. They all made sense," Zeedyk said. He placed first in the testing, adjusting and balancing (TAB) category in the National Apprentice Contest in 2008, the year of his graduation from the program at Local 40 in Rocky Hill, Connecticut.
Zeedyk went on to become the head of operations for the Carl Fisher Company, a foreman at the Day and Zimmerman-Millstone Nuclear Power Plant, and a TAB technician at Labco Air and Water Balancing. A certified welder, Zeedyk also is certified as a Testing, Adjusting and Balancing Bureau (TABB) technician, fire and smoke damper technician, smoke control systems technician and fire and smoke damper supervisor.
At Local 40, Zeedyk quickly took on organizational roles in addition to his work as a welder and TAB technician. Over the years he served as an instructor, recording secretary, organizer, marketing representative and business representative. He worked with a wide range of coalitions to pass legislation and advance interests important to the sheet metal industry.
Though the COVID-19 pandemic did not impact much of his work in the field prior to this new job, Zeedyk said he looks forward to being able to visit and meet people face-to-face again soon.
"It's easier to build trust with someone when you meet them face-to-face and can look them in the eye," he said.
Zeedyk brings a dedication to the work that is grounded in knowledge of the industry and a fundamental desire to help members and their loved ones.
"Ultimately, the work that we do affects the people that we do the work for … the things that we accomplish are going to make living conditions better for workers and schoolchildren, give people more opportunities and improve energy efficiency," he said. "That's a motivating factor for sure."
Zeedyk lives in Cromwell, Connecticut, with his wife, Jessica, and their two teenage children, Dylan and Dalila, whom he credits with helping him learn patience and new communication skills.
The National Energy Management Institute Committee (NEMIC) is a not-for-profit organization jointly funded by the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association (SMACNA) and SMART, the International Association of Sheet Metal Air, Rail and Transportation Workers. NEMIC identifies opportunities, seeking to create or expand employment for SMART members and programs that assist SMACNA contractors.
For more information on emerging market opportunities in the sheet metal and air conditioning industry, contact the National Energy Management Institute Committee (NEMIC) at https://www.nemiconline.org or call 800-458-6525.
adjusting and balancing (TAB), Carl Fisher Company, David Bernett, Day and Zimmerman-Millstone Nuclear Power Plant, Jeremy Zeedyk, Labco Air and Water Balancing, National Energy Management Institute Committee (NEMIC), Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association (SMACNA), Sheet Metal Local 40, SMART the International Association of Sheet Metal Air Rail and Transportation Workers, testing, Testing Adjusting and Balancing Bureau (TABB), U.S. Navy veteran
Apprentice owes life to CPR, instructors at Local 20
Virtual apprentice contest motivates apprentices, educators
Training program addresses mental health wellness, substance abuse prevention
Four JATCs the recipients of first ITI trustee grants
Second SMART Heroes program set for Colorado


text:
FIBA.basketball
Search on FIBA.basketball
Search for ''
Leaders & Game Highs
How to qualify
WOQT France
Competition Schedule
WOQT Belgium
WOQT Serbia
With regular and competitive tournaments scheduled throughout the year as part of the Women's National Team Competition System 2019+, qualification for the Olympic Games tipped off in November 2019.
National teams participated in FIBA Women's Olympic Pre-Qualifying Tournaments in three regions – Africa, Americas, Asia (including Oceania) – to qualify for the FIBA Olympic Qualifying Tournaments 2020, taking place in February.
The national teams of Mozambique and Nigeria claimed the two spots reserved for Africa, the Americas tournaments saw Brazil, Canada, Puerto Rico and the United States advance, while Australia, China, Japan and Korea progressed from Asia-Oceania.
In Europe, six teams secured FIBA Olympic Qualifying Tournaments berths directly via their FIBA Women's EuroBasket 2019 results with the six top-ranked teams confirming their spots.
These teams are Spain, France, Serbia, Great Britain, Sweden and Belgium.
The 16 teams participating in the FIBA Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournaments were split into four groups of four teams, with the top three teams from each group set to advance to Tokyo 2020 Women's Olympic Basketball Tournament.
Both the USA, current gold medalists, and Japan, the hosts, will play in the qualification tournaments but are guaranteed Tokyo 2020 berth regardless of their results.
14 Nov 19 FIBA Women's Olympic Pre-Qualifying Tournaments
27 Nov 19 FIBA Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournaments Draw
6 Feb 20 FIBA Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournaments
NIKE FIBA World Ranking
Venue Rules
Live Basketball TV
FIBA Daily Newsletter
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text:
Q: DRF: Custom field error message While creating simple login api using DRF, I encountered a problem. Two field email and password are required to login. If the fields are left blank following json message is shown:
{
    "email": [
        "This field may not be blank."
    ],
    "password": [
        "This field may not be blank."
    ]
}

But I would like to customise the error message, say to something like,
{
    "email": [
        "Email field may not be blank."
    ],
    "password": [
        "Password field may not be blank."
    ]
}

I tried the something like the following in validate() in serializers.py :
if email is None:
            raise serializers.ValidationError(
                'An email address is required to log in.'
            )

But it is not getting override, I'm not sure about the reason.
Edit
I implemented with @dima answer it still not work. What am I doing wrong?, now my serializer looks like:
class LoginSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    email = serializers.CharField(max_length=255, required=True, error_messages={"required": "Email field may not be blank."})
    username = serializers.CharField(max_length=255, read_only=True)
    password = serializers.CharField(max_length=128, write_only=True, required=True,
        error_messages={"required": "Password field may not be blank."})
    token = serializers.CharField(max_length=255, read_only=True)

    def validate(self, data):
        # The `validate` method is where we make sure that the current
        # instance of `LoginSerializer` has "valid". In the case of logging a
        # user in, this means validating that they've provided an email
        # and password and that this combination matches one of the users in
        # our database.
        email = data.get('email', None)
        password = data.get('password', None)
        user = authenticate(username=email, password=password)

        # If no user was found matching this email/password combination then
        # `authenticate` will return `None`. Raise an exception in this case.
        if user is None:
            raise serializers.ValidationError(
                'A user with this email and password was not found.'
            )

        # Django provides a flag on our `User` model called `is_active`. The
        # purpose of this flag is to tell us whether the user has been banned
        # or deactivated. This will almost never be the case, but
        # it is worth checking. Raise an exception in this case.
        if not user.is_active:
            raise serializers.ValidationError(
                'This user has been deactivated.'
            )

        # The `validate` method should return a dictionary of validated data.
        # This is the data that is passed to the `create` and `update` methods
        # that we will see later on.
        return {
            'email': user.email,
            'username': user.username,
            'token': user.token
        }

views.py
class AuthLogin(APIView):
    ''' Manual implementation of login method '''

    permission_classes = (AllowAny,)
    serializer_class = LoginSerializer

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        data = request.data
        serializer = LoginSerializer(data=data)
        if serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True):
            new_data = serializer.data
            return Response(new_data)
        return Response(serializer.errors, status=HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

A: You can set error_messages attribute for fields you want to override message. In your case:
class LoginSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    email = serializers.CharField(max_length=255, required=True, error_messages={"required": "Email field may not be blank."})
    username = serializers.CharField(max_length=255, read_only=True)
    password = serializers.CharField(max_length=128, write_only=True, required=True, error_messages={"required": "Password field may not be blank."})
    token = serializers.CharField(max_length=255, read_only=True)

For ModelSerializers you can do this using extra_kwargs property in Meta class.
class SomeModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = SomeModel
        fields = ('email', 'password')
        extra_kwargs = {
            'password': {"error_messages": {"required": "Password field may not be blank."}},
            'email': {"error_messages": {"required": "Email field may not be blank."}},
        }

A: you need field-level-validation, try it:
def validate_email(self, value):
#           ^^^^^^
    if not value:
        raise serializers.ValidationError(
            'An email address is required to log in.'
        )
    return value

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
State officials have plans to fix inmate DNA collection problems
Updated Jan 12, 2019; Posted Feb 01, 2013
State officials plan to improve collection and use of DNA from state inmates.
By Rachel Dissell, The Plain Dealer
CLEVELAND, Ohio -- Ohio officials in charge of prisons and the state-run crime lab announced Thursday they have instituted a plan they say will curtail future lapses in collecting and posting inmate DNA into databases that link crimes and identify criminals.
The first step involves checking who currently in prison and parole does not have a DNA sample in state and national databases, Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Corrections spokeswoman JoEllen Smith said.
After that, an electronic list of offenders in prison or on parole whose samples need to be collected or re-collected will be generated monthly by the Bureau of Criminal Identification & Investigation, the state crime lab, and shared with the prison system.
During a similar matching process in late 2011 and early last year, crime lab produced a list of 307 inmates and parolees whose DNA was either not properly collected or entered into databases.
That list included the name of at least one inmate who was later -- despite being on the list -- released in 2012 without his DNA being collected. Last week, Cleveland police said the man, 37-year-old Larry McGowan, is linked to the rapes of five women, one of whom was murdered.
Two of the women reported rapes in 2010 and 2012, which was well after McGowan's DNA should have been collected and originally entered into the crime databases a decade ago.
Officials said this latest check will go deeper, with state employees doing additional research to identify the specific reasons why the process to failed.
For example, DNA collection swabs could be contaminated, thumbprint cards could be smeared or identification numbers unreadable. In other instances, prison officials have collected and mailed samples that somehow never made it to testing labs.
That was the case with Cleveland serial killer Anthony Sowell, whose DNA was collected and sent to a private lab during a 15-year stint he did in prison for attempted rape. Investigators, who later arrested him in 2009 for killing 11 women and raping several others, were shocked to find his DNA was not in the system. BCI Director Thomas Stickrath said Thursday that those steps, and others, will "help them (the prisons) now with quality control and assurance."
Stickrath said they are taking the additional steps even though compliance monitoring wasn't really the lab's job.
Similar problems have been identified with courts not sending conviction information, school districts not sending safety plans and courts and hospitals not sending mental health reports, he said.
"In all these cases the attorney general (Mike DeWine) has said, 'If we don't do it nobody will," Stickrath said. "It's the right thing to do from a public safety point of view."
Even further, BCI staff are working to develop a system to track felony arrests across the state so they can send reminders and notifications if they see DNA hasn't been collected or inform law enforcement agencies if they have sent bad samples.
BCI also plans to train prison employees who collect DNA to ensure it is done properly and show them how to use some fingerprint scanning tools -- which they would have to then purchase -- that might help make their information more comparable with the crime lab data.
Right now the prisons still collects biographical and thumbprint information on paper cards.
In addition, Smith said the prisons are taking other steps to improve DNA collection.
They will:
• Send DNA collection kits to the state lab by certified mail instead of regular mail.
• Put a copy of each inmates DNA collection card in their file. Previously they noted collection using a stamp on the front of the file.
• Have BCI send notification of failed samples in need of re-collection to a central location, rather than to individual institutions.
• Check a BCI database prior to releasing offenders to assure a sample was not only collected but successfully entered into DNA databases.
The one thing the prison system is not going to do is look backward. Smith said the prison system has no plans to check the validity or existence of DNA samples for inmates who may have been released and who are no longer under the department's supervision.


text:
To the Flixs
Reviews from 2014
This "storm" blows
For every film that becomes a massive hit, there are always the copycats that try to capitalize on its' popularity. It is undoubtedly apparent Into the Storm borrows its foundation from Twister and from recent disaster films such as 2012. Although both of those films were successful in their own rights, Into the Storm fails to replicate the same level of entertainment seen in those films or from
Trust me, this is about as exciting as it gets.
any in the disaster genre. To begin with, the characters in the film are bland and forgettable, and are only there to move the plot forward which isn't saying much. The story is split into three different sub-plots; one I want to point out is about a group of rednecks who record themselves chasing after tornadoes just to become a YouTube sensation. I'm not sure what made the writers think this would be any funny. It's nothing more than filler to an already air-thin plot, only serving as comedy fodder to lighten the tone of the film. At first, we are introduced to a group of high school seniors: Donnie (Max Deacon) and Trey (Nathan Kress) and their father (Richard Armitage) who is
Not sure what's worse; the destruction or the acting
the vice principal of their school. Their father has tasked them with a project to video record messages from the graduating seniors so they can be placed in a time capsule. We are then introduced to a team of storm chasers who have followed a chain of tornadoes leading to a cell forming near the location of the high school. What follows next is the special effects spectacles of the tornadoes and the destruction and chaos that ensues, which is sadly the only highlight of the film. I found myself bored with the movie halfway through, and despite being only 89 minutes long, it felt like it dragged on for too long. Just like a real storm, it's exciting at first but ultimately it ends in a disaster.
-Reviewed by Razor, 8/29/14
Buy tickets at Fandango
© 2015 - 2019 TotheFlixs.com


text:
How much do you really know about this book series?
Category: Entertainment > Comics Submitted By: brain23
Who is the main character and narrator of "Diary of A Wimpy Kid"?
Steve Wilson
Willie Nicholson
Norm Stevens
Who wrote "Diary of A Wimpy Kid"?
Andrew Clements
Dave Simons
Rob Hamilton
"Diary of A Wimpy Kid" has a separate online version.
Who is the main character's older brother?
Rodrick Heffley
Thomas Nicholson
Ed Stevens
The main character's friend is named Nick Hartman.
What is the name of the person who sits behind the main character in homeroom?
Your Answer: 2 words, 11 letters. There are 2 alternate answers. Show Hint
The main character has a younger brother.
What grade is the main character in?
The main character's parents' names are never mentioned.
What is the name of the video game series the main character is addicted to?
Twisted Wizard
Guitar Guys
He isn't addicted to video games.


In 9 villages, ITC is supporting local village or cluster level communities in natural resource management to aid in eliminating land degradation and migration, and improving land productivity.
Located in rain shadow belt adjoined with the Industrial area of Shirur (Rajangaon) near where ITC is establishing a cigarette factory.
Watershed project rejuvenated the water table for 1444 households.


text:
Business and Participations
E&C Energy
Africa, Emirates and Portugal
Real Estate Achievements
Foz do Brasil
ETH Bioenergy
Participations and Investments
Defense and Technology
Auxiliary Institutions
Enseada do Paraguaçu Shipyard
Careers Odebrecht
Odebrecht Organization
TEO Business Culture
Odebrecht Culture Center
In order to boost, in a differentiated way, the growth of the Transport and Logistics segment in Brazil, in March 2010, the Odebrecht Organization launched Odebrecht TransPort.
In October 2010, the Investment Fund of the Guarantee Fund for Length of Service (FI-FGTS) became a shareholder in Odebrecht Transport Participações SA (OTPP), with a 30% indirect stake in the company's share capital.
The funds contributed by the FI-FGTS benefit the regions already served by Odebrecht Transport, in addition to directly benefiting the worker by generating new jobs and increasing the collection of FGTS.
The company operates in the road, urban transport, logistics infrastructure (port and pipeline) and airport sectors.
Currently, it invests in the following projects:
Rota das Bandeiras Concessionaire : 30-year concession started in 2009, covering the Dom Pedro I Corridor, in the state of São Paulo, covering 17 municipalities.
Bahia Norte Concessionaire: the contract signed in 2010 will be valid for 25 years. Bahia Norte, scheduled to start operating in the first half of 2011, is a system formed by highways in the metropolitan region of Salvador.
Concessionária Rota dos Coqueiros: concession signed in 2005 and start of operation in 2010. The Route allows access to the south coast of Pernambuco and to Reserva do Paiva. There are 6.2 km of coastal road, with a bike path along its entire length and four lanes connecting Barra de Jangada (Jaboatão) to Praia do Paiva (Cabo de Santo Agostinho).
Litoral Norte / CLN Concessionaire : 35-year concession, started in 2000, on the BA-099 Highway. It comprises Estrada do Coco and Linha Verde, connecting the city of Lauro de Freitas to the border of the state of Sergipe.
Embraport: considered the largest multipurpose private port terminal in the country, located in Santos (SP), the works started in 2010. By 2017 it will handle 2 million TEUs and will have a capacity for 2 million cubic meters of alcohol.
Logum (Integrated Logistics System): formed by Odebrecht TransPort and five other shareholder companies, Logum is at the head of the system that will transport and store light fuels, with an emphasis on ethanol. It will integrate pipelines and waterways with road, rail and sea (export and cabotage) modes. The system will cover the states of Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The transport capacity will be 21 billion liters / year.
SuperVia: 270 km railway network that covers the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro serving 12 municipalities. The term of the initial 25-year concession (1998 to 2023) was renewed for another 25 years (until 2048). Today, SuperVia transports more than 500 thousand people every day, with the forecast of reaching 1 million passengers in 2015.
ViaQuatro: 32-year concession, signed in 2006; start of partial operation in 2010 and total in 2011. It provides for the operation and maintenance of Line 4 – Yellow of the São Paulo Metro.


If you are looking for Blister Pack Sealing Machine , Blister Packing Machine , Blister Packaging Machinery , We are very proud of the good reputation from our customers for our products' reliable quality.
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DO sleep with your head elevated for the first 7 days, or however long you experience swelling. For most patients, it will only last for a few days, and some may never experience it at all. A recliner is very useful as a makeshift bed. Just think of all the Netflix binge-watching you can accomplish while there!
DO ask your surgeon or nurse which medication is safe to take.
DO apply ice just above the eyebrows to help prevent swelling, which typically occurs on the 3rd or 4th day post-op.
DO use a cup to rinse the scalp.
DO gently apply conditioner to the scalp to relieve any itching.
DO dye your hair shortly before your procedure if you feel you can't make it for four additional weeks. Dying your hair before hair transplant surgery will not have a negative effect.
DO expect some hair to fall out from the transplanted areas about 2 to 4 weeks after your procedure. This is entirely normal and part of the natural hair growth cycle. This doesn't mean that the follicles are damaged. Your hair will regrow within about three months.
DON'T: Sleep flat on your tummy or side, or rub your new hairline against a pillow.
DON'T be alarmed if you experience swelling, especially on days 3 and 4 after the surgery.
DON'T: Apply any ice directly to the transplanted areas of your scalp. You really want to avoid touching these areas with anything.
DON'T: Try to prevent scabs from forming on your scalp. The formation of scabs is a very natural result after your scalp has been poked and prodded, and part of the natural healing process. Much like you want to keep a scab on your knee undisturbed until it is fully healed and has fallen off, you need to let the scabs on your head form freely until they go away on their own.
DON'T: Wash your hair for the first 48 hours.
DON'T: Scratch your scalp. Some itchiness is normal the first few days after a hair transplant.
DON'T: Wear any hats or ball caps for the first three days. The scabs that naturally form after a hair transplant need about three days to solidify. During this time, it is best to keep anything from touching your head.
DON'T: Expose your scalp to direct sunlight other than brief periods of time during the first 2 weeks. After three days, make sure you cover up with a hat. It's very common for hair transplant patients to use vacation time for their recovery, and it's okay to spend that time at the beach or outside, as long as you don't run any risk of sunburn. You also shouldn't go scuba diving.
DON'T: Engage in heavy exercise in the days following your hair transplant. You have to be careful with exertion – your blood pressure and heart rate need to stay in a safe zone until the risk of swelling has subsided. This can be tough for the gym buffs. You may have to swap pumping that iron and taking a run for some light cardio instead.
DON'T: Dye your hair for four weeks after your procedure; the harsh chemicals can compromise the success of the transplanted follicles when in that initial frail state directly after transplantation.
DON'T consume alcohol for about five days after the procedure; alcohol in your system can interfere with the blood supply to the head.
DON'T smoke for a month after the surgery. Again, blood flow is important for the growth of new hair. Giving up smoking altogether would be the best course of action, if you haven't already done so.
Hair transplant surgery is a very effective procedure that is only minimally-invasive and can have a very positive impact on your life. We hope that our tips will help you get the most out of hair restoration. If you have any other questions about hair transplants, feel free to contact the Nashville Hair Doctor.
How Soon Can I Wash My Hair After a Hair Transplant? Will a Hair Transplant Thin Out My Hair?


text:
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using MurphyPA.H2D.Interfaces;

namespace MurphyPA.H2D.Implementation
{
	/// <summary>
	/// Summary description for OperationPortContactPointGlyph.
	/// </summary>
	public class OperationPortGlyph : SquareGlyph, IOperationPortGlyph
	{
		string _PortName;

		public OperationPortGlyph (Rectangle bounds, IGlyph parent, string portName)
			: base (bounds)
		{
			this.Parent = parent;
			_PortName = portName;
		}

		public override void Draw(IGraphicsContext GC)
		{
			base.Draw (GC);
			string s = _PortName;
			using (Brush brush = new System.Drawing.SolidBrush (Color.Black))
			{
				GC.DrawString (s, brush, 10, new Point (Bounds.Right + 10, Bounds.Top), false);
			}
		}

	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Michelle Kimple, PhD
Position title: Associate Professor, Medicine (Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism), Dirctor of the Basic Science Selective, Academic Affairs, UW SMPH
Email: mkimple@medicine.wisc.edu
4148 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building
Kimple Lab
Research in the Michelle Kimple lab is focused on how the endocrine cells of the pancreatic islet of Langerhans coordinate to regulate hormone secretion in response to glucose and other stimuli; impacting whole-body fuel metabolism. The Kimple Lab is especially interested in elucidating how G protein signaling networks regulate alpha-, beta-, and delta-cell function and their response to insults such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and inflammation (coincident with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes) or immune infiltration (coincident with type 1 diabetes). The premise behind research in the Kimple lab is G protein-coupled receptors and their associated ligands, G proteins, and downstream effectors play key roles in early islet cell adaptation and resilience to external stressors, and that certain G protein signaling pathways become dysfunctional in the diabetic state, actively contributing to the pathophysiology of the disease and impacting the ability of certain classes of diabetes therapeutics to properly control blood glucose levels. It is the long-term goal of the Kimple Lab research program to identify and validate novel therapeutic targets to prevent or ameliorate the islet cell dysfunction of diabetes, improving the care and treatment of individuals with diabetes or preventing the disease in individuals with an underlying susceptibility.
Vilas Life Cycle Professorship, UW-Madison Women in Science & Engineering Leadership Institute (WISELI) & Office of the Provost, 2018
"The COX-2/PGE2/EP3/Gi/o/cAMP/GSIS Pathway in the Islet: The Beat Goes On," Commentary by R. Paul Robertson on Neuman et al., 2017, Diabetes 66: 1572-85.
UW-Madison Department of Medicine Puestow Research Award (Given to a junior member of the Medicine faculty who has made a significant research contribution towards advancing the field of medicine), 2016
American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET) Translational and Clinical Pharmacology Division Early Career Faculty Showcase, Experimental Biology, 2016
Featured Article of the May, 2016, Molecular Endocrinology Issue and the Endocrine Society's 2016 "Molecular Endocrinology Outstanding Publication by a Trainee (Allison Brill)
Nominee, UW-Madison Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Mentoring, 2015
Mentor, American Diabetes Association Undergraduate Internship Award (Mark Cadena), 2015
Mentor, ASPET Zannoni Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Award (Allison Brill), 2013
Mentor, UW-Madison Hilldale Undergraduate/Faculty Research Fellowship (Harpreet Brar), 2012
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)/Journal of Biological Chemistry Best Poster Award, Drug Development Category, Experimental Biology, 2012
(Dr. Kimple's full PubMed Publications)
Kimple, M.E.#, Moss, J.L., Brar, H.K., Rosa, T., Pasker, R.L., Truchan, N.A., Newgard, C.B., and Casey, P.J. (2012). Deletion of Gαz protein protects against diet-induced glucose intolerance via expansion of β-cell mass. Journal of Biological Chemistry 287(24): 20344-55. #corresponding author
Kimple, M.E.#, Keller, M.P., Rabaglia, M.R., Pasker, R.L., Neuman, J.C., Truchan, N.A., Brar, H.K., and Attie, A.D.#(2013) Prostaglandin E2 Receptor, EP3, Is Induced in Diabetic Islets and Negatively Regulates Glucose- and Hormone-Stimulated Insulin Secretion. Diabetes 64, 1904-12. #co-corresponding author. (A: 80%; B: 50%; C: 80%; D: 80%). I served as first and co-corresponding author, sole guarantor of the work, was primary mentor to the italicized authors, and contributed to all aspects of this work. I conceived and initiated this work in collaboration with the Attie group fully in my independent position.
Pierre, J.F.†, Neuman, J.C.†, Brill, A.L., Brar, H.K., Thompson, M.F., Cadena, M.T., Connors K.M., Busch, R.A., Heneghan, A.F., Cham, C.M., Jones, E.K., Kibbe, C.R., Davis, D.B., Groblewski, G.E., Kudsk, K.A., and Kimple, M.E. (2015) The Gastrin Releasing Peptide Analog, Bombesin, Preserves the Exocrine Pancreas and Enteroendocrine Cell-Pancreas Axis during Parenteral Nutrition. American Journal of Physiology: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 309: G431-42. †co-first authors.
Neuman, J.C., Fenske, R.J., and Kimple M.E. (2016) Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites: Implications for diabetes pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment. Nutrition and Healthy Aging4(2): 127-40.(A: 80%; B: 0%; C: 0%; D: 30%). This is an invited review article. I served as senior and corresponding author and primary graduate mentor to the other two authors.
* Brill, A.L., Wisinski, J.A., Cadena, M.T., Thompson, M.R., Fenske, R.J., Brar, H.K., Schaid, M.D., Pasker, R.L., and Kimple, M.E.(2016) Synergy Between Gαz Deficiency and GLP-1 Analog Treatment in Preserving Functional Beta-cell Mass in Experimental Diabetes. Molecular Endocrinology 30: 543-56. Featured Article of the May 2016 Issue Endocrine Society's 2016 "Molecular Endocrinology Outstanding Publication by a Trainee"
* Neuman, J.C., Schaid, M.D., Brill, A.L., Fenske, R.J., Kibbe, C.R., Fontaine, D.A., Sdao, S.M.,Brar, H.K., Connors, K.M., Wienkes, H.N., Eliceiri, K.W., Merrins, M.J., Davis, D.B., andKimple, M.E.(2017) Enriching Islet Phospholipids with Eicosapentaenoic Acid Reduces Prostaglandin E2 Signaling and Enhances Diabetic β-cell Function. Diabetes 66: 1572-85. Cover Image Selected for the Print Issue Commentary on article found in: Robertson, R.P. (2017) Diabetes 66: 1464-66.
* Fenske, R.J.†, Cadena, M.T.†, Harenda, Q.E., Wienkes, H.N., Carbajal, K., Schaid, M.D., Laundre, E., Brill, A.L., Truchan, N.A., Brar, H., Wisinski, J.A., Cai, J., Graham, T.E., Engin, F., and Kimple, M.E.(2017) The inhibitory G-protein α-subunit, Gαz, promotes Type 1 diabetes-like pathophysiology in NOD mice. Endocrinology 158(6): 1645-58. †co-first authors.
Schaid, M.D., Wisinski, J.A., andKimple, M.E. (2017) The EP3 receptor/Gz signaling axis as a therapeutic target for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The AAPS Journal 19(5): 1276-1283. (A: 80%; B: 0%; C: 0%; D: 10%). This is an invited review article. I served as senior and corresponding author and primary mentor to the other two authors (italicized).
Fenske, R.J. and Kimple M.E. (2018) Targeting dysfunctional beta-cell signaling for the potential treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Experimental Biology and Medicine: 243(6): 586-591.


text:
import request from 'superagent';
import { difference, forEach } from 'lodash';

import {
  updateSith,
  replaceSith
} from './actions';

export default function (store) {
  const requests = {};

  return () => {
    const { dispatch } = store;
    const { sith, location } = store.getState();
    const currentSithHomeworlds = sith.map(entity => entity.homeworld && entity.homeworld.name);
    const anySithBornInCurrentLocation = location && currentSithHomeworlds.indexOf(location.name) !== -1;

    if (anySithBornInCurrentLocation) {
      forEach(requests, (request, ref) => {
        request.abort();
        delete requests[ref];

        dispatch(updateSith(ref, {
          loading: false,
          loaded: false,
          error: false
        }));
      });
    } else {
      const unloadedSith = sith.filter(entity => entity.id && !(entity.loading || entity.loaded));

      // First need to cancel all requests for sith not in the current state
      const currentSithRefs = sith.map(entity => entity.ref);
      const currentLoadingSithRefs = Object.keys(requests);
      const unneededRequestRefs = difference(currentLoadingSithRefs, currentSithRefs);

      unneededRequestRefs.forEach(ref => {
        requests[ref].abort();
        delete requests[ref];

        dispatch(updateSith(ref, {
          loading: false,
          loaded: false,
          error: false
        }));
      });

      unloadedSith.forEach(entity => {
        dispatch(updateSith(entity.ref, {
          loading: true,
          loaded: false,
          error: false
        }));

        let url = `http://localhost:3000/dark-jedis/${entity.id}`;

        requests[entity.ref] = request
          .get(url)
          .end((error, response) => {
            if (response) {
              delete requests[entity.ref];

              dispatch(
                updateSith(
                  entity.ref,
                  Object.assign({}, response.body, {
                    loading: false,
                    loaded: true,
                    error: false
                  })
                )
              );

              const { master, apprentice } = response.body;

              if (master && master.id && !sith.some(entity => entity.id === master.id)) {
                dispatch(replaceSith(master.id, 'master'));
              }

              if (apprentice && apprentice.id && !sith.some(entity => entity.id === apprentice.id)) {
                dispatch(replaceSith(apprentice.id, 'apprentice'));
              }
            } else if (error) {
              console.log(error);

              dispatch(
                updateSith(
                  entity.ref,
                  {
                    loading: false,
                    loaded: false,
                    error
                  }
                )
              );
            }
          })
        ;
      });
    }
  };
}


Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal; 32 millimetres (1.3 in) diameter; silver. Obverse, the words ELIZABETH II DEI GRA. (Latin abbreviation for "Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God, Queen, Defender of the Faith") surrounding an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II, symbolizing her role as fount of honour. On the reverse is a crown atop a wreath that contains the words THE 25th YEAR OF THE REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH II 6 FEBRUARY 1977 in six lines.
In Original box, Box is damaged as shown but complete. Letters not exceeding: length: 240mm; width: 165mm; thickness up to and including: 5mm; weight limit: 100g. Large Letters not exceeding: length: 353mm; width: 250mm; thickness up to and including: 25mm; weight limit: 750g. Small Parcels not exceeding: length: 450mm; width: 350mm Depth: 160mm Weight limit: 2kg. The item "Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal 1977" is in sale since Tuesday, February 09, 2016.
This item is in the category "Coins\Historical Medals/ Medallions\British\20th Century". The seller is "springjes" and is located in London. This item can be shipped to United Kingdom, to Austria, to Belgium, CY, DK, FI, to France, to Germany, GR, to Ireland, LU, MT, to Netherlands, PT, to Spain, SE, to Australia, to United States, to Canada, to New Zealand, NO, to Mexico, to Switzerland.


From beating the summer heat to fighting the rainy humidity, Mistercool can help you keep your cool season to season.
Keep your cool season to season with the Mistercool Misting and Industrial Fans. An effective semi-indoor or semi-outdoor cooling system against this extreme heat.
Our misting fan uses flash evaporation to cool the air. When clouds of mist is released, it quickly evaporates into gas resulting to cooler surroundings. This mist fan is perfect for areas such as al fresco spots, outdoor gardens, and outdoor events. They are also available for rentals.
The unit is designed to cool semi-indoor areas such as patios and gardens. It produces very fine mist, and its compact design makes it easy to move around every corner of your home.
Our big industrial fans are powerful yet economical with a high air output that drives out warm air. Our big fans are excellent in keeping indoor and outdoor areas significantly cooler. These fans are perfect for areas such as factories and warehouses, beach areas, and more.
Our big industrial wall fans are powerful yet economical with a high air output that drives out warm air. Our big industrial wall fans are excellent in keeping indoor and outdoor areas, such as factories & warehouses, beach and pool areas, significantly cooler.
Our All Weather Industrial Fans are made of tough welded steel. This makes the fan most suitable for areas where regular fans cannot be installed, as they cannot withstand rain, dust, and many more.
The Orbit Fans are able to cool indoor and outdoor areas that need ceiling cooling. The unit is powerful with a strong air volume and operates on low noise. The Orbit Fans are most suitable to cool areas that need ceiling cooling, such as classrooms and churches.
Our floor fan produces a very powerful air flow, as it is made with efficient aluminium blades and a motor that has a built-in overload protection for safe use. Durable and easily functional, our floor fans have a stylish appearance that can easily blend with any interior. With three speeds built-in, the floor fan can be easily used at your convenience, whatever the need.
The Mistercool Exhaust Fans are most suitable for areas that need a diverse area of industrial and commercial ventilation applications, such as ventilation in commercial areas such as restaurants, offices, hotels, amusement parks, and more.
Avoid the leaks from your air conditioner, and avoid the hassle of installing those drain pipes! The Mistercool Coolflo Air Conditioner Drain Pump is dedicated to keeping your air conditioner functioning properly. The Coolflo Air Conditioner Drain Pump is installed with the AC, so you can avoid the hassle of installing those drain pipes. The pump redirects the water condensate accumulated to any area you wish.
This new compact and sleek outdoor cooling system delivers excellent cooling to keep you cool under the sun. With the use of flash evaporation, the Baby Mist releases ultra fine mist that complements cooling for commercial, industrial, and agricultural use.