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WSF In India
India-pak
Dalit/Adivasi
Speedily Implement The CMP
By Praful Bidwai
If markets were everything, flesh-and-blood people wouldn't matter. Politics, even social life, would become meaningless. This applies a fortiori to India's share markets, in which less than two percent of our households invest, accounting for just four percent of our savings. Dalal Street is only distantly related to the real economy, and even more remotely to the social processes that shape it.
The United Progressive Alliance would do well to remember this as it strains to soothe the part-rigged, part-speculation-led volatility in the markets. More importantly, it must know its mandate is to move India from "market-driven politics" (the title of Colin Leys' excellent book) to politics as if people mattered. Besides a resounding rejection of Hindutva, that is the cardinal message of the electoral verdict. (See Platform, May 28).
Forging a people-oriented politics against the forces of neoliberal globalisation, while tapping energies from diverse sources, including the market, is an exciting project. The UPA's Common Minimum Programme encapsulates this in many ways, although it falls short of defining its inspiration as an emancipatory Social Democratic Vision. Yet, that's precisely what the "six principles for governance" spell, including social harmony, empowerment of the underprivileged, a "safe and viable livelihood" for all, equality of opportunity, especially for women, Dalits, Adivasis, OBCs and religious minorities. The CMP marks a considerable improvement even on the United Front's 1996 common programme.
If successfully implemented, the CMP will ensure the UPA's survival for the full term. More important, it will inflict a decisive defeat upon retrograde forces of communalism and social conservatism. The first 100 days of the UPA's rule will set the tone for this transformation and its imprint upon society and politics. Three areas of the CMP are of critical importance: economic measures, social policy, and an independent foreign policy orientation. The UP must deliver something tangible in the coming weeks, not months. What is the very minimum the government must do?
The greatest economic promise lies in the pledge of Employment Guarantee Act to provide "100 days of employment S on asset-creating public works programmes every year S for at least one able-bodied person in every rural, urban poor and lower-middle class household"-and "in the interim, a massive food-for-work programme". The rationale is frankly Keynesian.
No less important is the commitment to significantly step up public investment in agriculture, rural infrastructure and irrigation, and double the flow of rural credit in the next three years, with an emphasis on small and marginal farmers. This must be front-loaded, through the writing off of burdensome loans, and pumping-in of massive credit for the coming kharif season. The enactment of a National Minimum Wage Act for agricultural workers-our most underprivileged people-is vital.Two measures are of key value: correcting fiscal imbalances and reducing regional disparities. The
first involves eliminating the revenue deficit, now over 3 percent of GDP, and pruning subsidies for the affluent. (The CMP promises a "roadmap" within 90 days.) The second is imperative for balanced development through stepped-up public investment in backward areas, enforcing priority
bank lending (now well below stipulated norms), enhancing minerals royalties, reducing interest on loans, and transfer of Centrally-sponsored schemes to the states.
These programmes can be financed-if the UPA raises direct taxes. These currently account for an abysmal 3.5 percent of GDP, utterly unacceptable in our mass-deprivation society. Our rich have to contribute more than a miserable 1.6 percent of GDP through income-taxation.
Social policy presents a challenging agenda in health, education, culture, food security, panchayati raj, welfare of women and children and Dalits and Adivasis. The CMP's commitment to raising public spending in health from the current 0.85 percent to "at least 2-3 percent" of GDP is long-overdue. It will prevent India's further slippage into a cesspool of disease, stunted growth (of half of our children) and waste of human life. It must be implemented at the earliest. The government must not hesitate about widening control of essential drug prices-no matter what the "markets" say.
The UPA must ruthlessly cleanse all educational and research institutions of "obscurantist and fundamentalist elements". This means detoxifying communalised textbooks and getting them rewritten by unbiased and thoughtful scholars, dissolving the existing Councils of Social Science and
Historical Research and reforming the UGC, whose numerous committees has been saffronised. The government must not allow itself to be deterred by semi-literate ranting about "witchhunts". The real culprits are those who subvert a pluralist and multicultural vision of India and introduce outrageous courses in astrology and karmakand. It is equally vital to revive the National Literacy Mission.
In culture, a complete overhaul of the Akademis, the museums, the Archaeological and Anthropological Survey and the IGNCA is imperative. The existing bodies must be dissolved forthwith and incompetent and communal elements systematically weeded out. Any delay in this and
in purging Doordarshan and AIR of bigotry will cost us dear. There's no other way to halt and reverse Hindutva's Long March through the institutions. No less important is legislation to ban Togadia-style hate-speech and punish hate-acts.
Ayodhya presents a big opportunity. The chargesheets in the litigation must be rectified to reinstate the conspiracy charge-what else caused the Babri demolition, prepared over long years by BJP-VHP leaders? A bold effort must simultaneously be made to negotiate a just temple-plus-mosque solution. This must happen within the coming 60 days. Nothing else will take the wind out of the communalists' sails. The UPA would be ill-advised to wait for a judicial verdict.
Repeal of POTA with retrospective effect brooks no delay. The UPA has rightly refused to treat Naxalite violence as "merely a law-and-order problem", it's "a far deeper socio-economic issue". This must be translated into practice. As also the pledge that "false encounters" will not be permitted.
The test of independence of foreign policy is already upon us-with the installation of Iraq's Interim government. This is a puppet regime which cannot conceivably enjoy "sovereignty" while the military occupation continues, when it cannot change any laws or policies of the occupation
regime and has no control over the US-led forces. It is of the utmost importance that India does not recognise this government or send troops to Iraq-irrespective of manipulated UN resolutions.
The UPA has rightly reiterated its commitment to Palestinian nationhood-in sharp contrast to the NDA's blatantly pro-Zionist policy. But it must do more to help the Palestinians in their grimmest hour since 1967. Today, the threat of their national territory being broken up into countless Bantustans looms large. The UPA must reverse the NDA's attempt to construct an exclusive strategic triad with Israel and the US, re-examine weapons-purchase agreements, and cease intelligence-sharing, joint military exercises and counter-insurgency "cooperation".
It's only thus that the UPA can actualise its pledge "to promote multi-polarity in world relations and oppose S unilateralism", while putting relations with Washington on an even keel. Sustaining the India-Pakistan dialogue-for-peace process is a major imperative today. Equally important is reducing the grave regional nuclear danger through risk-reduction measures, most importantly,non-deployment of nuclear weapons. The first step in India's re-assuming its advocacy of global nuclear disarmament is to withdraw support to the US's Ballistic Missile Defence programme and reject its offers of cooperation.
The UPA has a historic opportunity on its hands-to transform domestic politics and India's global role. It must not squander it through indecision or pusillanimity.


In which I answer a burning question on the minds of so many.
"How do you do it?" Is a question I am often asked. Usually they're referring to my complete inability to frost a cake. But occasionally, they're wondering how I keep up with my various projects while having a bunch of kids running wild through my house at all hours. It's simple. I keep a tight … Continue reading In which I answer a burning question on the minds of so many.


RICH HARPER has been singing the blues for almost his entire life.
The Los Angeles-based singer, songwriter and guitarist grew up in a small town outside Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and learned to play guitar under the guidance of his cousin when he was eight years old.
Originally ``obsessed'' by ELVIS PRESLEY and THE BEATLES, he began playing country music until he discovered his love for the blues.
``My friend brought a CREAM record over and told me to listen to the guitar player and I had never heard anything like that before,'' Harper said.
After learning that ERIC CLAPTON was a huge fan of BB KING, Harper went to his local record store and ordered in as much of the blues legends' material as he could.
``When I went and ordered in these BB King records, they'd ask which one I wanted and I'd say, `I don't know, just give me one'.'' By the time he was 11 years old, Harper was playing in local bars under the watchful eye of his father.
``As long as I had a parent or guardian with me, I could work in a bar,'' he said.
``I had the greatest dad in the world. He went to every gig and took me everywhere until I was 16 and got my own drivers licence.'' After relocating to Los Angeles ``where the weather was warmer,'' Harper met up with bassist FRAN SCARPELLIA and drummer CHRIS COOKE to form the RICH HARPER BLUES BAND.
The band has established a strong following outside the US with its blend of blues- based rock, travelling as far as Scandinavia and Korea.
It released the live album Onward in December 2003 and will embark on its first Australian tour this week.
Before playing at the EAST COAST BLUES AND ROOTS FESTIVAL at Byron Bay, Rich Harper's Blues Band will perform at the NORTHERN STAR HOTEL on Saturday night.


As legend goes, Robin Hood was a medieval outlaw who would battle authoritative figures and steal from wealthy landowners whilst distributing his ill-gotten booty to the commoners. Today we have Robinhood, an app that may do just the opposite..
I've been trading stocks long enough to remember getting excited when a trade was only going to cost me a flat $24.95. Talk about an incentive for buy-and-hold investing! Trading these days is a very inexpensive prospect in comparison. Over time I've seen $12.95 action eventually decreased to $4.95 action at Charles Schwab, who now offers commission-free trading for a plethora of ETFs. I also have an account at Interactive Brokers that executes stock trades for $0.005/share with a $1 minimum and a max of .5% of the total trade value.
Along comes a new app that now allows me to trade stocks for free. Free? Commission free? Enter Robinhood… There's a catch, right?
For me, when I see these free or freemium "lack of a product" companies like Robinhood, I immediately begin to suspect (rightfully so) that *I* am the product. Why is Facebook free, or the Google search engine, Gmail, and Snapchat? They're free because *we* are their product, voluntarily (and maybe unknowingly) exploited in various ways for the benefit and monetary gain of these platforms. Help us Robin Hood!
First and foremost, the studies have been done, the Nobel Prizes have been awarded, the math has been proven, and the books have been written. It is going to be very, very difficult for you to outperform a market index over the long term of your trading "career". You're going to be better off paying .1% per year, buying some broad-market index funds, setting up some auto-draft contributions from your checking account, and not opening your statements until you're ready to retire.
Successful investing really is that easy and you'll outperform a vast majority of all the professional investors, hedge funds, and advisors net of their fees by inexpensively indexing various market sectors. Furthermore, with the ETFs I can buy & sell at Schwab commission free, Robinhood provides no cost advantage with that proven strategy.
A commission-free stock trading platform on an iPhone is going to lead to folks buying stocks they know nothing about when they don't know how to size their allocations, don't know their edge (or lack thereof), don't know how to evaluate the value of what they are buying, and don't know what their risk factors may be.
Free trading may also lead to the notion it is "risk free" trading. There's something about that "free" moniker that is a very powerful persuader in people. It leads to folks buying and selling way too often as they try to time the market. I also see people executing trades on Robinhood when they have no idea what the company does or even what sector it serves – no, no, and no. Launching Robinhood in the midst of the red-hot stock market we see today may only serve to give folks a false sense of security.
Buying a stock on Robinhood literally takes 3 taps on your iPhone's screen – fewer clicks than it takes to fire up a game of Words With Friends. Why the FTC fears online poker or football betting websites but allows Robinhood to launch and prosper is beyond me!
As if irrational exuberance in stock trading wasn't enough, let's amp it up with Robinhood Gold, shall we? For $10/month ($120/year) this "freemium" service will let you trade with 2x leverage (borrowed money) and also let you trade in the After Hours Market (where pimps and thieves run free).
The minimum Robinhood balance for Robinhood Gold is $2,000. Paying $120/year on a $2,000 portfolio means paying a 6% yearly cost for the pleasure to invest after-hours and with 2x leverage. That is an insanely high operating cost on an investment account! That 6% is going to be a huge hurdle to overcome in order to generate returns over the stock market as a whole. For perspective you could invest $250,000 into index funds for that same $120/year in management expenses. Help us Robin Hood, this is highway robbery!
So How Does Robinhood Make Money?
Robinhood receives payments by routing your trades through firms with high-frequency trading arms – Apex (KapGen), Citadel , KCG (Virtu Financial), and Two Sigma. These are algorithmic trading outfits that churn out millions of trades per day and make money by capturing small price discrepancies in the bid/ask prices. These spreads are small, but via their ultra-high volume they churn out very large profits.
For a fascinating look at algorithmic / high-frequency trading explained in such a way that anyone who can read a book can understand and enjoy the story immensely, Michael Lewis' "Flashboys" is a must-read!
When you are trading you probably don't want your trade peeked at by someone who could act as a counterparty – that someone could push up their offer price a bit and skim a little money off your side of the trade, right?
Does Robinhood front-run your trade to these 4 firms in exchange for their payments on that action? And then do these firms use their high-frequency algorithms to squeeze you on your side of the trade as they represent parties paying them on the other side of transaction? Do these firms have access to Robinhood's API to exploit your trade for their benefit? Remember, YOU are the product here – that is why I ask, but what else would these firms be paying Robinhood for? Robin Hood, why do these firms pay you for your order flow?
The difference in the price of your trade at the order and the actual cost of the trade at its execution is called "slippage". Larger trading firms will most likely be very efficient and more apt to trade at the best possible price with little slippage. If Robinhood's bid/ask spreads are prone to high levels of slippage, and I suspect they are, then depending upon the number of trades you make and the dollar amount of your trades Robinhood users may be better off simply paying a small commission at a discount broker rather than trading on a platform with a high degree of slippage. Robin Hood, free isn't always without cost, right?
Should You Trade on Robinhood?
Believe or not, I do… Call me duplicitous but I trade what I call a little of my "Vegas Money" there. I also enjoy their referral program where Robinhood gives us BOTH free shares when you sign up using my link. This link. THIS IS MY LINK.
So far I've received multiple free shares of AMD, Chesapeake Energy, Ford, Sirius XM, and Zynga. As soon as the promo is over and they'll let me do an asset transfer of those free shares into my "real" brokerage account where I keep my other investments, I'll delete the app.
Caveat… my account is small (<1% of my total investment allocation), I keep no cash there, I do not pay for leverage, and I would never consider nor recommend this as a primary trading, saving, investing, or financial platform. It's amusement – like an online poker game, or betting on football. Nothing more. If I lose this money I don't cry at night and the babies still get fed.
It's just too easy to find a broker that will help you open an account for free, let you trade sensible and proven investments for free, pay you interest on the cash in your account, and give you research & analysis tools to help you understand & value stocks, bonds, and the market as a whole. Thanks, but no thanks Robinhood.
The views expressed here are my own opinions and not representative of my employer, Apple Inc. This blog should in no way be construed as a recommendation to buy any particular security or invest using any particular trading platform. Do your own due diligence when investing & consult the services of a fee-based non-commissioned professional as necessary.
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The Islamic State lured U.S.-led forces into conducting an airstrike in March that killed more than 100 civilians in the northern Iraqi city of Mosul, a top American military official said Thursday.
An investigation into the March bombing found that the terror group rigged a house with more than 1,000 pounds of explosives, put civilians in the basement, and employed two ISIS snipers on the roof to bait the U.S.-led coalition to attack.
U.S. Air Force Brig. Gen. Matthew Isler, the investigating officer for U.S. Central Command, told Pentagon reporters that the bomb used by the American jet, a GBU-38 (500-pound bomb), would not have caused the type of damage associated with the destruction of the building.
The probe found that the U.S. bomb triggered secondary explosions from devices clandestinely planted in the lower floors of the concrete building, Isler said. He said neither the Iraqi troops nor the Americans who authorized and conducted the airstrike knew civilians were in the building or that the explosive materials were present.
Isler added that the home's 30-inch concrete walls were "completely pulverized," but the GBU-38, which has a 192-pound warhead, could not have caused such destruction. The GBU-38 is designed to take out enemy combatants on roof tops, not collapse entire structures.
The American bomb "wouldn't even dent any of the surrounding walls," he added.
How ISIS managed to smuggle in half a ton of explosives remains in question, but Isler said bad weather over two days prior to the airstrike hampered the U.S. military's ability to conduct drone reconnaissance over the target area in Mosul and that the weather combined with intense fighting led to "multiple opportunities" for ISIS to smuggle in both the explosives and the civilians into the building.
"We don't know when it was moved to the residence," Isler said. "No one saw ISIS move explosives into that area."
Isler said Iraqi forces suffered casualties hours after the strike as they attempted to recover Iraqi civilians killed in the strike and rescue others wounded and trapped under the rubble. Some 101 civilians in the building were killed, and another four died in a nearby building, while 36 civilians remain unaccounted for.
The airstrike was likely the largest single incident of civilian deaths since the U.S. air campaign against ISIS began in 2014. The deaths represent about a quarter of all civilian deaths associated with U.S. airstrikes since the air campaign began in 2014.
-- The Associated Press contributed to this article.


Club History | Inverness Clachnacuddin F.C.
As 1947-48 season will be remembered as our best, in which we swept all before us, 1989-90 will be remembered for all the wrong reasons. It was the season in which we not only finished bottom of the league but we were just hours away from going out of existence. In that season we played 34 games, scored 26 goals, conceded 151 and only scored 3 points not winning any games in the league that season. Due to financial problems, we had turned amateur and many Saturday's had difficulty in raising a team. John Bateson was the team manager that year but he was replaced in December by Rab Mulheron, who didn't have the best of starts losing his first game 9-0 against Ross County. Other results of note were against Elgin City who beat us 8-0 at Grant Street then 11-1 at Boroughbriggs.
The season ended with us going into liquidation with debts of over £190,000. We were just hours of going out of business when a group of business men got together to take over the running of the club. Land, where the grandstand had been, was sold to a housing developer and that, along with money put in, meant we were saved. The men who saved Clach back then were Charlie Forbes, James Macdonald, Ken Macleod, Calum Grant, Colin Morgan and Alistair and David Dowling, David Dowling is still there as Chairman, with Colin Morgan a director of the club.


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Shakanris 19.08.2018 DEFAULT
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The Munich Centralbahnhof precinct was divided into three station sections. The first section, which was also called the inner section, took over passenger, express freight, and small freight operations.
The outer section ended at the Friedenheimer Bridge and included locomotive and carriage sheds and the central workshop. There were sets of points, 42 turntables and A few years later, the station again proved to be too small.
The plans were not realised, instead, freight was separated from passenger operations so that the Hauptbahnhof became a passenger-only station.
Now freight was handled at the Laim marshalling yard. It had six tracks and only had a temporary wooden building. Long-distance traffic was now concentrated in the main hall and local traffic towards Pasing was moved to the wing station.
In addition, the line to Landshut was moved to a new course running to the west of Nymphenburg Park to allow a connection to the Laim yard.
Next new flyovers were built on the line towards Pasing. The station now had 22 tracks and handled trains daily. In subsequent years, the station, which then served a city of ,, handled 18, passengers per day.
This is now the location of the Deutsches Museum. In a memorandum of September , the Bavarian government discarded all these options in favour of an extension of the Starnberg wing station and the construction of Holzkirchen wing station Holzkirchner Bahnhof , partly serving the line to Holzkirchen.
It was assumed from the outset that in the future a through station would be appropriate. The wing stations finally opened on 30 April Local traffic was largely shifted to the wing stations.
The station reached 36 tracks in its largest expansion since the Holzkirchen wing station included an additional ten tracks.
Between and , six of the lines beginning in Munich were electrified so that all parts of the station except the Holzkirchen wing station received overhead lines.
The Reichsbahn planned to move the station to the west of the Hacker Bridge. Local traffic would still terminate at an adjacent terminal station.
Laim marshalling yard would have to be demolished under these plans and a new marshalling yard would be built in Milbertshofen instead.
As a result of the Great Depression during the following years, none of these plans were realised. From , Adolf Hitler directed Hermann Alker to create new plans for rebuilding the station.
A new station would be built between Laim and Pasing stations and the old railway tracks would be replaced by a boulevard from Karlsplatz to the new station.
In addition, a U-Bahn was planned from the new station to the central city under the boulevard. Alkers presented his plans but his client was not satisfied, as the station building would not look impressive at the end of the metre wide boulevard.
In , Hermann Giesler , solved the problem by turning the station to a degree angle to the road. He planned a huge domed building with a height of metres and a diameter of metres.
Munich would be on broad gauge lines between Berlin and Munich and between Paris and Vienna. The ten standard gauge tracks and the four broad gauge tracks would be laid in an underground tunnel seven metres below the surface.
These plans were not realised, however. The timetable of the summer showed the station had a total of arrivals and departures by scheduled long-distance services each day.
During World War II the station suffered heavy damage from American bombing, but train services resumed after each air raid.
It was only possible for trains to reach Pasing. All trains had to either run around Munich at a distance or use the North Ring as a bypass.
Overall, the loss amounted to 7. In addition, there were numerous deaths and injuries. On 30 April , American troops entered Munich and initially German troops were ordered to defend the station.
Reconstruction started on 6 May on the building despite shortages and a complicated approval process. On 24 July it was possible to operate trains.
From 16 December there were trains per day. The train shed was demolished from 16 May to 16 August , due to the danger of it collapsing, and then the remaining buildings were demolished to enable their reconstruction.
A new beginning after the war was marked in May by the construction of the new Starnberg wing station, designed by Heinrich Gerbl. Its monumental neoclassicism was seen as backward looking and the pillared hall were criticised for being reminiscent of the Nazi period.
The main hall had a width of metres and a length of metres. In the same year, the first four areas of the new main hall were completed.
A hotel was opened in in the southern part of the station. From 26 July push—pull operations were introduced to avoid a change of locomotives.
The main hall was put in operation in The electrification of the Holzkirchen wing station followed in May The commissioning of radio for shunting operations on 6 February simplified shunting in the station area.
A roof was completed on the concourse of the Holzkirchen wing station on 1 August In addition to the columns at the edge of a span of 70 metres, it has a middle row of columns, which was unusual at the time.
The current station building was completed on 1 August The central signalling centre was brought into operation on 11 October at 4 AM.
The new interlockings needed only 38 staff for operations and 12 for maintaining the signal technology, saving 93 jobs. The Starnberg wing station was affected by the construction of the S-Bahn trunk line from because the trunk line was built under it.
The trunk line and the new underground station were taken into operation on 28 April in time for the Summer Olympics. During the Summer Olympics the station had a high volume of passengers.
On 2 September , there were, for example, 35, passengers, excluding S-Bahn operations. As a further development of the S-Bahn, the line to Wolfratshausen as S-Bahn line S 7 was connected to the trunk line with a metre-long tunnel under all the tracks on 31 May In the s, the entrance building was converted under the leadership of Ekkehard Fahr, Dieter Schaich and Josef Reindl into a circulating hall with a travel centre in order to create a transparent and open environment.
In the timetable of the summer of , the station was the twelfth largest node in the network of Deutsche Bundesbahn , with arrivals and departures by scheduled long-distance services per day.
The platforms were thin with a width of 5. After the elimination of the 3. In addition, the facilities of the platforms, such as benches, were renewed and some platforms were extended to be metres long.
A baggage tunnel was put into operation under tracks 12 and The construction work began in August It was completed at Christmas A new split-flap display was installed in at the cross platform concourse.
The individual platforms, except for the Holzkirchen wing station platforms, were given split-flap destination displays.
These replaced panels that were once attached to the buffer stops. Some still exist at the Holzkirchen wing station, but are no longer used.
An additional 37 monitors were installed at internal sites such as the ticket office. All displays are controlled by a computer, on which all changes to the basic timetable are stored.
They are updated by the signal centre. The loudspeaker systems have also been modernised. A Transrapid route to Munich Airport was under consideration for some time and intended to be operational around However, construction never started due to rising costs caused by increasing prices for steel and other materials.
From to , the mezzanine level linking the Hauptbahnhof to the current S-Bahn and U-Bahn stations and pedestrian pathways to the eastern tram platforms and streets was extensively renovated to give the bright and airy feeling, to comply with new EU regulations on fire protection measures and escape routes, and to increase the number of stores and restaurants.
The construction of a second S-Bahn trunk route a second main tunnel route through the centre of Munich with a new S-Bahn station has already begun for the station hall.
The entire construction project is expected to be completed by along with the extensive reconstruction of central train station. The project called for complete replacement of Hauptbahnhof except for the steel-reinforced building in the middle that covers the platforms 11 through A new single building has more unifying and modern design surrounding the central platform hall along with new pedestrian zone in the front toward Karlsplatz Stachus.
A new meter office tower will be built at northwestern part of Hauptbahnhof to be used for Deutsche Bahn administration department.
The project will add a new underground pedestrian tunnel linking the platforms between the wing stations: The current Hauptbahnhof consists of several buildings that were constructed at various times without any design or physical cohesion between them.
This causes lot of maintenance headaches and difficulties in navigating from one area to other for passengers and employees. On 24 October , the reconstruction project was officially launched with the removal of large clock, which will be installed on the new building.
The station is used by about , passengers a day [6] and is one of 21 stations classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 1 station.
To optimise passenger flow, separate platforms for entering centre and disembarking outer trains exist. This arrangement of platforms is called " Spanish solution ".
Deutsche Bahn recommends planning for a minimum walking time of 10 minutes from the central hall to Starnberger Bahnhof or Holzkirchner Bahnhof; 15 minutes between Starnberger and Holzkirchner Bahnhof; and 15 minutes between the S-Bahn station and Holzkirchner Bahnhof.
The two outlying parts of the station have shorter tracks than the main hall, which means passengers always have to walk down most of the length of either platform 11 or 26 when changing from there.
Unlike Frankfurt Hbf or Leipzig Hbf, there is no passenger tunnel under the tracks. The mainline station lobby is only closed between 1: On the ground floor of this station many shops exist where you can shop for daily household needs, dressing, and you will find almost all major brands of places to eat.
It also has frequent links to Dortmund via Frankfurt and Cologne using the Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line.
The most recent addition is the Nuremberg-Ingolstadt high-speed rail line , which has greatly benefited from Munich traffic.
Additional ICE services using mainly ordinary lines on their run exist to Vienna , Berlin and a number of other cities.
To minimise pollution, services using these lines preferably end at tracks and The Munich S-Bahn operates through a separate part of the station as a S-Bahn station on the S-Bahn trunk line S-Bahn-Stammstrecke with two tracks and three platforms in the Spanish solution the island platform is for boarding only and the side platforms are for disembarking , which is in the northern basement at level The planned construction of a new S-Bahn station as part of the construction of the second trunk line zweiten Stammstrecke at level -5 metres , formerly intended to start in , has been delayed due to financing issues.
In the east of the main hall at ground level and on the first floor there are several food shops, newsagents, flower and gift shops, etc. There is also an extensive shopping arcade in the basement to the north and east, as well as direct access to adjacent stores in the inner city through a shopping arcade.
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In subsequent years, the station, which then served a city of ,, handled 18, passengers per day. This is now the location of the Deutsches Museum.
In a memorandum of September , the Bavarian government discarded all these options in favour of an extension of the Starnberg wing station and the construction of Holzkirchen wing station Holzkirchner Bahnhof , partly serving the line to Holzkirchen.
The Reichsbahn planned to move the station to the west of the Hacker Bridge. Local traffic would still terminate at an adjacent terminal station. Laim marshalling yard would have to be demolished under these plans and a new marshalling yard would be built in Milbertshofen instead.
A new beginning after the war was marked in May by the construction of the new Starnberg wing station, designed by Heinrich Gerbl.
Its monumental neoclassicism was seen as backward looking and the pillared hall were criticised for being reminiscent of the Nazi period.
The main hall had a width of metres and a length of metres. In the same year, the first four areas of the new main hall were completed. A hotel was opened in in the southern part of the station.
From 26 July push—pull operations were introduced to avoid a change of locomotives. The main hall was put in operation in The electrification of the Holzkirchen wing station followed in May The commissioning of radio for shunting operations on 6 February simplified shunting in the station area.
The current station building was completed on 1 August The central signalling centre was brought into operation on 11 October at 4 AM. The new interlockings needed only 38 staff for operations and 12 for maintaining the signal technology, saving 93 jobs.
The Starnberg wing station was affected by the construction of the S-Bahn trunk line from because the trunk line was built under it.
The trunk line and the new underground station were taken into operation on 28 April in time for the Summer Olympics.
During the Summer Olympics the station had a high volume of passengers. On 2 September , there were, for example, 35, passengers, excluding S-Bahn operations.
As a further development of the S-Bahn, the line to Wolfratshausen as S-Bahn line S 7 was connected to the trunk line with a metre-long tunnel under all the tracks on 31 May In the s, the entrance building was converted under the leadership of Ekkehard Fahr, Dieter Schaich and Josef Reindl into a circulating hall with a travel centre in order to create a transparent and open environment.
The entire construction project is expected to be completed by along with the extensive reconstruction of central train station.
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I have a lifetime goal of visiting and riding through all of the accessible National Parks. For this ride, my goal is to visit Acadia National Park, Niagra Falls, and attend Babes Rides Out East Cost 3. I'll ride over 2,000 miles solo, and hope to see some amazing natural beauty atop my trusty Ducati Scrambler, which I have begun preparing as a mini adventure motorcycle for my national park travels this summer.
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Synopsis : On-screen text such as TV program guides digital displays and menus are set to be brought to life with the power of speech.
Millions of people worldwide are set to gain an improved experience of TV thanks to a collaboration between The Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) and leading digital technology companies to develop the world's first "talking" technology - which will reach the market later this year.
Ocean Blue Software has developed the world's first "talking" digital TV technology for set top boxes and televisions, in conjunction with UK charity, RNIB.
Millions of people worldwide are set to gain an improved experience of TV thanks to a collaboration between The Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) and leading digital technology companies to develop the world's first 'talking' technology - which will reach the market later this year.
UK and Hong Kong-based Ocean Blue Software formed a consortium, consisting of ST-Microelectronics and TW Electronics, to create the world's first talking set top box solution for the RNIB.
On-screen text such as TV program guides, digital displays and menus are set to be brought to life with the power of speech thanks to the new "talking" technology. It is hoped it will be adapted across the consumer technology market, offering real benefits to millions of people with sight problems and different forms of impairment around the world.
The technology breakthrough has been nominated IABM Design Awards Candidate 2009. The IABM received over 70 submissions for the Design Award this year and selected the "talking" TV technology as one of the Top 10 most innovative in design.
"We are absolutely thrilled to have been shortlisted for the prestigious award," commented Ocean Blue Software CEO Ken Helps. "Ocean Blue constantly strives to develop innovative solutions for the digital TV industry, so we are very pleased with the nomination and look forward to the awards ceremony next month at IBC Amsterdam."
With the digital switchover upon us, this new technology can be utilized to deliver accessibility benefits to both those with sight problems and sighted people. It is compatible with consumer products, such as televisions, that have screen-based menu systems and converts on-screen text into speech output.
Enabling people to interact in a meaningful way with electronic products will significantly help those with certain disabilities as Steve Tyler; the RNIB's Head of Innovation and Disability Access Services is keen to highlight: "We are really excited by this development as it has the potential to significantly improve the lives of nearly 8 million people in the UK alone. These include the blind, visually impaired, deaf, severely dyslexic and the elderly, who can all benefit from this advance in technology."
This view is shared by Helps "Digital technology is moving fast and there is increasing pressure on manufacturers to deliver products at the lowest cost resulting in minimal specification and no consideration for accessibility. This ground-breaking project allows technology to aid impaired people and provide them with an enhanced lifestyle, this has been achieved through a close and effective working relationship with the RNIB, and Ocean Blue is proud of its involvement and contribution."
A great deal of exploration and research has taken place to ensure that users of the product can easily adapt it to suit their individual needs. The user interface includes multiple, high-contrast color schemes, variable sized fonts and extensive help features. Consumers will be able to easily control the way the audio information is spoken to them, with the ability to change the level of speech and the language, offering global appeal. All of this can be controlled using a remote control console designed by RNIB working with TW Electronics, with ease of use in mind.


CUTS International, Himalayan Consensus Institute (HCI), Institute of Chinese Studies (ICS), and The Asia Foundation (TAF) together organized a panel discussion titled "Unleashing Connectivity for Inclusive Growth – Leveraging Himalayan Consensus" in New Delhi on 23 January, 2018. The discussion introduced the idea behind Himalayan Consensus process to the larger audience in Delhi and developed an initial framework on how this platform can be used to usher connectivity and interpersonal contact. In a moderated session, speakers reflected on the work of their institutions and shaped up the discourse especially in context of how this can contribute to the larger Act East discourse for India, together with China's Belt and Road Initiative, in the interests of furthering connectivity.


Drops in the Bucket: How Far Along Are We Really Toward Reducing Healthcare Spending?
This is a guest post by Jeff Mosenkis, a freelance producer with Freakonomics Radio who holds a Ph.D. in psychology and comparative human development.
Ezekiel Emanuel has a series of columns in The New York Times exploring healthcare costs that's worth examining. Emanuel is an oncologist and prolific bioethicist. He has an M.D. and a Ph.D. in political philosophy from Harvard, where he also taught. He advised the White House on healthcare and was recently named chair of the bioethics department at Penn. And yes, he's the older brother of Chicago mayor Rahm Emanuel and Hollywood agent Ari Emanuel (fictionalized by Jeremy Piven on Entourage).
Two weeks ago, Emanuel pointed out that even though the U.S. outspends every other country on healthcare ($2.6 trillion a year; the equivalent of France's entire GDP), we're nowhere near the healthiest country. This week, he debunks ideas from the Left and Right about how to fix soaring costs. Emanuel starts by noting that healthcare spending "typically increases by about $100 billion per year." He sets a modest goal of cutting 1 percent of total spending, which comes to $26 billion a year; then does something politicians rarely do in stump speeches: he runs the numbers.
First up, rallying cries from the Left: Could the solution be reining in profits of greedy insurance companies?
[I]t turns out that the combined profits of the country's five largest for-profit health insurance companies — United, WellPoint, Aetna, Humana and Cigna — were $11.7 billion, only 0.5 percent of total health care spending. Even confiscating every penny of those profits would add up to less than half of the cost-saving threshold.
So what about drug companies who charge more for brand name drugs and more to U.S. customers than those in other countries?
Pharmaceutical costs account for roughly 10 percent of total health care spending, some $260 billion in 2010. Importing brand name drugs from abroad would cut about 2 percent from that — $5 billion per year.
Next he looks at ideas from the Right, like reforming the legal system. Right now, doctors' costs are driven up by malpractice insurance, and they're incentivized to practice "defensive medicine," ordering extra scans and tests. Emanuel cites a CBO report finding that aggressively capping lawsuit non-economic and punitive damages would save a good chunk of money, but not enough on its own.
A package that included a $250,000 cap on noneconomic damages, a $500,000 cap on punitive damages and a one-year statute of limitations for claims by adults would save about $11 billion a year — 40 percent from reduced malpractice premiums and the rest in the form of fewer defensive procedures like M.R.I.'s.
Capping costs of the few super-expensive patients (refusing them additional treatment), even if we could identify them in advance, would also only go so far, as he cites insurance company data showing there were only 255 patients whose care cost over $1 million in 2010, which again would save only 0.5 percent.
Even if you quibble with Emanuel's numbers, the idea that each of the "magic bullet" solutions is only a drop in the bucket shows how hard it is to fix a complex system with actors whose incentives don't always align. And let's not forget that healthcare is more complicated than most systems – diseases often don't act predictably, and neither do patients. Emanuel will offer some of his ideas in his column next week (he's obviously been thinking about these issues for a while), but can you think of a precedent for the kind of reform we're talking about here?
And just for fun, you can see a conversation with all 3 brothers here.
Administrative costs are due to having to avoid selection biases by patients and doctors. Studies have shown that often times administrative costs involved with cutting unnecessary treatments and fraud may cost more money than they save, however if any one firm attempts to reduce those costs, they will instantly become the focused target of fraud and abuse.
Of course there is no guarantee that relaxing administrative burden won't eventually cause costs to increase in the future. Medicare was required to err on the side of paying out and over the years that has resulted in huge amounts of fraud. Someone should try to determining the tipping point where an additional dollar of administration results in less than an additional dollar of cost savings. In theory the new open access provision of the healthcare law will allow insurance companies to completely eliminate the overhead of screening applicants and attempting to later deny their claims based on pre-existing conditions.
Very thoughtful post. Really shows the problems isn't solved by simplistic solutions.
"[I]t turns out that the combined profits of the country's five largest for-profit health insurance companies — United, WellPoint, Aetna, Humana and Cigna — were $11.7 billion, only 0.5 percent of total health care spending. Even confiscating every penny of those profits would add up to less than half of the cost-saving threshold."
And if you took away all the profits, the companies may go out of business leaving the government in sole control.
HMMM... Sounds like the White House really does have a plan.
Obviously there are no magic bullet solutions... Who would quibble with that other than those pushing for those solutions?
" [I]t turns out that the combined profits of the country's five largest...were $11.7 billion, only 0.5 percent...Even confiscating every penny of those profits would add up to less than half of the cost-saving threshold."
What does that have to do with anything? I don't think the anyone intelligent is recommending profit confiscation. The complaint about the current structure of the health-care industry is NOT that they are extracting some huge PROFITS (at least not among people who know what they are talking about). The claim is that they are extracting some huge amounts of MONEY. They burn up that money in administration, marketing, pay for employees and management, facilities, et cetera. Thus they don't actually have huge "profits".
The question is whether the benefits they are providing are worth the costs they add to the system. It is a good question that we don't have an answer for, but how much "profit" they claim has little to do with it.
b) Even those who could be rational, are shielded from the costs of their behavior (i.e. When society as a whole is paying for grandma's care you are even less likely to make the right choice).
c) We don't pool the risk in the appropriate ways, so we don't actually have "insurance". We have a system that redistributes money from the healthy to the sick with a lot of designed blindness as to whether the sick contributed to their sickness. This doesn't provide many incentives for the sick to control their costs. If people had to buy actual insurance (i.e. pool risk with people in similar risk categories) you might see a lot more people change their behavior.
2) Our model for providing therapy developed in a time where the demand for healthcare far outstripped our actual ability to provide it. So the model took a "provide as much care as possible approach". Now our capacity to develop new therapies is rapidly outstripping our ability to afford them, but we haven't changed our provision model.
This requires a hard look at actual benefits and actual statistics. We cannot afford to "always err on the side of health". It is simply too expensive.
I recently lost consciousness for unexplained reasons and fell off a bike. I appeared to just pass out. So the neurologist thinks it was "maybe a seizure". He does an EEG and it turns out I have an abnormal EEG that looks like the EEG of someone who has frequent seizures. Yet I am 30 and have had "maybe" one.
His recommendation: Put me on $300/month anti-seizure medication and "see if my condition improves". When I ask him how a rate of seizures could possibly "improve" when there is only one data point he has no good answer. 1 data point cannot establish a rate. The only real data we have is 1 "maybe" seizure in 30 years. Am I supposed to sit on the medicine for 30 years (at a cost of $108,000) and if I don't have another "maybe" seizure then my condition improved? That seems absurd.
So I am confused and ask him some questions about the actual rates and statistics. Is this a base rate/false positive problem with EEGs? He doesn't appear to know.
Well my out of pocket for the medicine is only $16/month, so if I was a less curious person maybe I would just spend $5,760 of my own money and $102,000 of everyone else's money over 30 years to see "if my condition improves". Since I am a curious person I am looking for another Neurologist who can actually answer my questions.
The problem of how to avoid spending outrageous amounts in the last year or two of life needs to be seriously addressed. My father had very low healthcare costs until age 77 (and for the next two years until he died) when he had $250,000+++ spent on his medical care by MediCal.
And he wasn't happy with me when I allowed the doctor to write DNR on his chart....And Dad lived another two years.
I live in FLA, and the issue here is rampant. When is enough enough as far as end of life care, and why aren't people who have lived full happy lives able to choose their own way to go?
Another place to look might be the various biases towards newer and more expensive "high tech" treatments, when there is no real improvement in outcomes. For instance, many kidney stones can be treated equally well either with lithotripsy at a cost of roughly $15K, or with a week of inexpensive painkillers to allow the stone to pass naturally. But when the doctor's practice has invested in an expensive new lithotripsy machine, and the patient's costs are mostly covered by insurance, what do you suppose the treatment of choice will be?
If the non-economic damages caps work to reduce health care costs then we should see lower health care costs in states, like Texas, which have already introduced such caps in their state laws.
In particular: "Americans pay $500 per person on administration, double then next most expensive country," and "doctors make 5x more than the average patient. In other countries, this is approximately 3x more."
As a non-American, I'm curious: why is reform of medical malpractice law a right wing cause? If it is not non-partisan, I'd have picked the left wing as a more natural supporter of this idea.
In America we have a strong "tort" culture. That means that you can typically sue people for stuff you couldn't sue them for in other countries.
Traditionally lawyers and progressives want to expand people's ability to bring lawsuits, conservatives and established interests want to restrict it. The legal profession pours a lot of money into liberal political campaigns and has long counted the left as an ally.
Just to be clear in case you are confused, by "reform the malpractice laws" they actually mean "make it harder for patients to sue doctors for problems/mistakes". They DON'T mean "make legal remedies more available".
I happen to personally think we have a too tort based culture hear. Japan has 10X fewer lawyers per capita and you don't see their society falling apart into lawlessness (their are of course many reasons for that). While having a robust tort culture has a lot of benefits it also has a lot of costs.
It drives up insurance and transaction costs. If we are doing a $50,000 business deal we should probably be able to work it out ourselves with just a little guidance. But in the US one of the parties will hire a $3,000 lawyer, so then the other party needs to hire a lawyer to protect themselves from their counter-parties lawyer. All of a sudden legal jargon has created a $6,000 tax on the transaction.
Anyway there is some background. Does that help?
Fact is, healthcare costs are being driven by the patient. We all feel like we're getting ripped off by the system so we do everything we can to get as much out of the system that we can. This perverse vicious cycle creates a nocebo - a negative placebo - where people are actually making themselves sick so they don't feel like they are getting ripped off.
We must tip the system on its head. Those who indulge in the myriad of self-destructive habits that cause the preventable chronic conditions that constitute 75% of our healthcare spending should subsidize the health insurance costs of those who eat healthy, exercise and avoid self-destructive habits.
Right now it's the other way around. The healthy become financial enablers for the willfully unhealthy. The fit subsidize the unhealthy habits of the unfit.
By flipping the system on its head and forcing the self-induced-chronically-ill to subsidize those who do everything in their power to be healthy, we would create a race toward health. It would light a fire under those currently unmotivated to change. It would reengage the all-powerful placebo effect by forcing the willfully unhealthy to pay their own way.
I will have to see where he goes with this next week to make final judgement, but his numbers are somewhat cooked here and indicate an agenda. The most egregious is the claim the reimporting drugs would cut drug costs by 2%. The U.S government is the #1 purchaser of meds in the world and pays the highest prices for those meds. In many cases, those prices are 2-10 times what other countries pay. The generics argument is also invalid, because the cost of many generics has exploded. Either there is inadequate competition, or there is price fixing. This is an enormous problem. I could cite example after example from what the North Carolina State Health Plan pays. These errors of omission or whitewash are so egregious that I believe Emanuel is going to put forth proposals directly from Pharma and the Hospital lobby.
2. Refuse to pay for branded generics. For example, Solodyn is generic minocycline packaged in a once a day formulation. It sold $880 million lasy year. Generics would've cost $50 million.
3. Require all brand pills to be released as once a day pills. This is easy to do. It also clearly improves outcomes: people are more compliant with once a day meds. This would prevent the Solodyn strategy, which is commonly used when patents run out on major drugs. Lipitor will be released as a once a day right after the patent expires, mark my words. This does nothing for patient care.
Together these would halve Pharma costs.
4. He is an oncologist right? Why hasn't anybody proposed a national oncology database? The U.S. through Medicare, Tricare (military), and Medicaid covers roughly half of healthcare dollars and a larger share of chemo and radiation therapy. Ok, pay every Oncology visit $20 or $25 more and require the Oncologist to have all the relevant information entered. In three years we would have far more cancer outcomes knowledge than has been accumulated in the history of humankind. This is not a huge outlay, perhaps $150 million a year. The government would recoup that simply by stopping paying for certain chemo drugs that are discovered not to work. It may help to know that chemo protocols vary widely between institutions for many cancers, so there will be plenty of variation to study.
5. Reduce bureaucracy. This is the behemoth that no one wants to tackle. My practice employs 18 people if you include outsourced billing. In 1990 that would've been 11. All those extra people do is work claims, fill out outrageously long and wasteful charts and forms, and spin wheels for Medicare, Medicaid, and other insurance companies.
6. Require electronic medical records to address workflow needs. All the gov't incentive programs do is serve to help overcome severe flaws in these systems. A simple demonstration of this: all us docs have smartphones. No one had to incetivize us to buy them. We bought them because they help us. There is NO widely used EMR that comes anywhere near what Google or Apple or Microsoft would produce. Many do not allow patients to enter their own healthcare data from the web. All require ridiculous numbers of clicks to perform simple tasks. None allow automated faxing of clinic notes to patients' other docs. Instead a person has to manually call up numbers and fax them. It goes on and on and on. They are grossly inefficient. The incetive program is a giant subsidy to an incompetent industry.
7. The inefficiencies in hospitals are legendary. All this added bureaucracy for Accountable Care Organizations and the Emanuals and President Obama fail to pick the low-lying fruit. Want to save a ton of money? Require all hospitals to report outcomes data on a defined list of adverse events, like post-op infections, central line infections, wrong medication events, wrong patient events, and so on. Spend money auditing charts to ensure compliance. Then publish the data and let market forces finally force hospitals to take long-known effective safety measures, like bar code or equivalent scans for every med and every patient before giving the med, following the recommended protocols for central line insertion and care, and using simple surgical soap baths pre- and post-operatively to reduce surgical infections. There are enormous savings and health gains to be had here.
It's late, but I could go on and on.
I know two medical disciplines where costs have decreased at the same time treatment has improved dramatically: Plastic Surgery and Laser Eye Surgery. Anybody know what those two have in common? And what they don't have in common with all the other medical costs that are skyrocketing?
The main problem is this: We don't know how much stuff costs BEFORE OR AFTER we have them done, and the current system of insurance only makes the prices more confusing.
"Doc, how much is this back injection going to run me and what are the chances that it helps my bulging disk?"
"I don't know how much it costs, you have to work that out with your insurance company. We don't really know if it will work, it might."
So I shell out $2,000 for a back injection that "might" work. And I'm STILL getting bills in the mail from all kinds of people that say they were involved in this five minute shot.
Dr. Emanuel has a gift for the obvious. "Obvious" in that all of this has been well known for some time now in the healthcare community. And something else that is obvious to those who work in quality improvement in healthcare: Attempts to impose healthcare "fixes" from the outside will all fail miserably; they must come from the inside of healthcare organizations - where estimates of waste range from 25-50%.
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