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Health & Science / Sickness & Allergies
Everything Parents Need Know About The COVID Vaccine
Coronavirus vaccine updates are coming in fast. Here's the latest.
By Tara Santora
Updated Jan 05 2021, 11:45 AM
With the winter looming before us, many people are putting all their eggs in the vaccine basket. They're burnt out and stressed and lonely — and the only thing keeping them going is the promise that a COVID vaccine will arrive soon. It's not uncommon to hear people saying, "The first thing I'm going to do after I get the vaccine is ___!" But with the media treating every small vaccine development like a major news event, it's difficult to keep track of what's really happening and what matters.
Confused about what's going on? You're not alone. We'll keep this list updated to answer your most important questions about the COVID-19 vaccines.
When Will COVID Vaccines Be Available?
It's finally here! On Dec. 13, CDC director Robert Redfield signed off on an outside panel's recommendation to grant the Pfizer and BioNTech vaccine emergency approval for people aged 16 and older. As expected, the FDA gave emergency authorization to the Moderna vaccine soon after Pfizer, on Friday Dec. 18. A healthcare worker in New York was the first to get vaccinated in mid-December, and residents of long-term care facilities have also started to receive the vaccine.
What do you want the president to prioritize in the next four years?
Paid leave and child care
Climate change and the environment
Jobs and the economy
Three companies have now publicized their vaccine results. Pfizer was the first company to share that its vaccine is 95 percent effective. Moderna was second with 94 percent efficacy. AstraZeneca also announced that its vaccine is up to 90 percent effective, although the data is murky. Johnson & Johnson expects that its vaccine results will be available in January, and the company plans to file for emergency authorization in February. It's unknown whether the vaccines will be as effective against the new U.K. and South Africa variants, which appear to spread easier. Experts say it's unlikely that the coronavirus mutations would make the vaccines entirely ineffective.
At this point, it's not a race between the various vaccine companies. The more vaccines that become available, the better next year looks for all of us.
When Will the AstraZeneca COVID Vaccine Be Available?
Regulators in other countries, such as the U.K. and India, have granted AstraZeneca's vaccine emergency approval, but the process is dragging out longer in the U.S. The company's clinical trials in the U.S. were put on hold for more than a month to investigate a serious adverse event in a trial volunteer, so experts don't expect it's results until next year, according to the New York Times.
In addition, the company's data is under scrutiny after it initially failed to disclose critical information related to vaccine efficacy. With two full doses, the vaccine was 62 percent effective. With a half dose followed by a full dose booster, the vaccine was 90 percent effective. However, the more effective regimen was a result of error in how much vaccine was placed in some vials, and it was tested in a younger population. The company changed the trial's methods after they realized this error to include the new regimen in the trial, according to the chief executive officer Pascal Soriot, but AstraZeneca did not reveal this in its original press release.
Soriot said the company may need to conduct another international trial to test the second regimen, Bloomberg reported. The head of Operation Warp Speed recently said not to expect the AstraZeneca vaccine until early April, largely because the existing data doesn't include elderly people.
Who Will Get the COVID Vaccine First?
The vaccine won't be available to everyone at first. First in line are healthcare workers that are at high risk of being exposed to the coronavirus and residents and employees of long-term care facilities such as nursing homes, according to a CDC report. Together, this group consists of about 24 million U.S. residents. The U.S. government aimed to vaccinate 20 million people by the end of 2020, but only 4.6 million have gotten the shot so far.
The second priority will be frontline workers and adults who are 75 and older, a CDC advisory committee said on Sunday. Frontline workers include first responders, public transit and grocery store workers, and workers in education, food and agriculture, manufacturing, and the U.S. Postal Service. Third in line are adults aged 65 and older, people between the ages of 16-64 with high-risk underlying conditions, and the rest of essential workers, MedPage Today reports. Individual state governors may decide to prioritize different groups with the help of local public health officials. "It's probably May, June, before you vaccinate most of the country," Robert Wachter, a chair in the department of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, told KCRA.
Most children won't be able to get a COVID-19 vaccine until more studies look into how they affect kids, according to the CDC. The one exception: Teenagers aged 16 and older are allowed to get the Pfizer vaccine. However, they probably won't get it for many months because young people are generally at low risk of severe COVID-19.
Pfizer received permission to enroll kids as young as 12 in their vaccine trial in early October. Moderna has announced that it will soon start to enroll 3,000 children age 12 to 17 in its study. "We wanted to be sure it was safe on adults first before doing a whole lot of testing on kids," Wachter said. Vaccines that are safe and effective in adults are generally safe and effective in children, but they must be tested on kids first before they are mass distributed to them.
For a more personalized look at when you could get the vaccine, check out this short quiz from the New York Times that estimates your place in line. Most people will have to wait until the spring at the earliest.
Where Can I Get the COVID Vaccine?
Vaccines are not publicly available at the moment. Healthcare workers and residents of long-term care facilities may want to check with their institutions about when and where they can get vaccinated. Not every vaccine that will eventually be approved will be available everywhere, which is one reason why it's important to have multiple vaccine options.
Pfizer's vaccine is the hardest to distribute. It must be stored at the ultra cold temperature of -70 degrees Celsius. Not every healthcare facility is capable of this type of storage. And once a box of vaccines is removed from the freezer for use, it only lasts for five days before going bad. Luckily, Moderna's vaccine can be stored at a much more manageable -20 degrees Celsius, and it lasts for 30 days in the refrigerator. AstraZeneca's vaccine is the easiest to distribute: It can be stored for six months at normal fridge temperatures.
What's in the Pfizer and Moderna COVID Vaccines?
Pfizer and Moderna are both using a new kind of vaccine called a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine. Messenger RNA is a type of genetic material that encodes the instructions for making proteins. The mRNA in the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines encode for the spike protein on the coronavirus that grabs and infects human cells. After being vaccinated, the body builds up antibodies that respond to this spike protein in case it gets exposed to the real coronavirus later on. The mRNA doesn't stay in the body but is broken down after a few days.
Vaccines usually contain a common set of added ingredients, including:
Aluminum: boosts the body's response to the vaccine
MF59 or Squalene oil: boosts the body's response to the vaccine
Thiomersal: preservative
Gelatin: preservative
Sorbitol: stabilizes the vaccine
Emulsifiers: holds ingredients together
(For more information about these ingredients, many of which are in the flu vaccine, click here.)
Pfizer has released its full list of ingredients, which include many of those listed above. It includes lipids, or fats, that surround the mRNA and help it enter cells. It also contains four types of salts that keep the vaccine at the same acidity as the human body and sugar, which keeps small particles in the vaccine from sticking together when they're frozen. The vaccine contains no preservatives, a choice Pfizer made because some preservatives are at the center of disproved worries that vaccines cause autism, according to the MIT Technology Review. Moderna has also published its ingredients, which are similar to Pfizer's.
What's in the AstraZeneca COVID Vaccine?
AstraZeneca's vaccine uses a more traditional approach. It's active ingredient is a defunct virus that gives chimpanzees the common cold. The virus is modified so that it won't make humans sick and so that it contains the gene that encodes for the coronavirus spike protein. When a person is injected with this vaccine, the chimp virus hijacks the human cells to produce the spike protein. The body then does it's thing, taking out the proteins and creating antibodies to attack them if they come back around.
I Got the COVID Vaccine. What Now?
Good question. Nothing different. When you first get the vaccine, you will need to keep going about a normal pandemic lifestyle: social distancing, staying at home, and wearing a mask when you do go in public. The first reason for this is that it takes time for immunity to kick in. You'll need to wait a month between your first shot and your booster. After your booster, it will be several more weeks until you hit peak protection.
After that time passes, you may feel invincible from the virus. And you may very well be safer. But no vaccine is 100 percent effective. Even though Pfizer and Moderna report that their vaccines are about 95 percent effective each, that number could drop when real-world data comes in. And the companies didn't track how many people that received their vaccines got infected and were asymptomatic, so it's possible you could feel fine and spread COVID-19 even after you've been vaccinated.
It will only be safe to start going more once we reach herd immunity. At that point, case numbers and then hospitalizations and deaths will begin to decline. Ashish Jha, a health policy researcher and dean of the Brown University School of Public Health, predicted on Twitter that with a combination of vaccines and natural immunity from being infected, at least 40 percent of the U.S. population will have immunity to COVID-19 by the end of February. At this point, the spread will slow, but we won't yet be at herd immunity.
But until we know that the vaccine really does bring down case rates, we can't go back to life as normal. This won't happen until enough people vaccinated, which could be spring or summer at the earliest. Then, public health officials will make the call. In the meantime, get the vaccine and keep playing your part to drive infections down.
This story is developing. We will update it as new information becomes available.
coronavirus COVID covid-19 Vaccination vaccinations vaccines
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UCF High-School Science
Nano/Science for High School Students at University of Central Florida
Interview with Dr. Lee Chow
Posted on October 13, 2008 by jesus paredes
What are carbon nanotubes? How small are they?
Carbon nanotubes are small tube-shape structures that are made of graphene sheets. They can be single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) or multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT). The diameter of SWNT is about 1 nm, while MWNT can have a diameter from a few nm to 100 nm. The figure below showed a part of SWNT.
Who, when and where were these carbon nanotubes discovered?
In 1991, Japanese scientist Sumio Iijima discovered carbon nanotube at NEC research laboratory, Tsukuba, Japan. He used a high power transmission electron microscope to image the tiny carbon nanotubes shown below.
What are some of the methods that are been used to produce carbon nanotubes?
There are two major methods that are used to produce carbon nanotubes. (A) Carbon arc method, where graphite rods are evaporated through arc and with transition metal catalysts, carbon vapor condensed and form nanotubes. (B) Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, here catalytic nano-particles are deposited first on a substrate. Then the substrate is placed inside a CVD chamber and the temperature is raised to about 800-900 °C. The catalysts will breakdown hydrocarbon gas such as methane (CH4), and carbon dissolved into the catalytic particles and re-grow out as carbon nanotubes.
Why are you studying these carbon nanotubes?
Carbon nanotubes have some very interesting physical properties such as extreme hardness and excellent thermal conductivity. There are many applications proposed for carbon nanotubes, if we can find ways to manipulate them.
It is difficult to study these nanotubes? Why?
Yes, it is very difficult to study carbon nanotube due to its extremely small size. Electron microscope can be used to observed carbon nanotubes. But methods to manipulate or assemble nanometer size object are still very primitive at this moment.
What are some of the procedures you perform in order to study these carbon nanotubes?
I prepared my own carbon nanotubes and we used chemical vapor deposition method to produce our carbon nanotubes. We use electron microscopic method to observe them and focused ion beam technique to fabricate nano-devices based on carbon nanotubes. WE then used atomic force microscope to test the physical properties of these carbon nanotube devices.
What would these carbon nanotubes be used for in the near future?
There are many, many applications that have been proposed for carbon nanotubes. For examples, it has potential to be used as electron emitters in a field emission electron microscope. It can be used as a tip for atomic force microscope. It can be used as additives in composite materials to make them stronger and better conducting. It can be used as single electron transistor. Large quantity of carbon nanotubes can be used to fabricate bullet-proof vest.
Posted in Nanotehcnology, Physics
Welcome to hs-Sci at UCF
Bienvenido a hs-Sci en Español
Nanoscience in Central Florida
Nanociencias en la Florida Central
Research opportunities for high-school students
High School Students at work.
Interesing links for hs-Sci fans
Moved by passion
Goldman Lectures at UCF
Science fair in Montessori-Tuskawilla
UCF highschoolers shine
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Copyright © 2023 UCF High-School Science All Rights Reserved.

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Afghan refugee makes it to final 10 in Global Teacher Prize
17 February 2016UNHCR
Afghan refugee teacher Aqeela Asifi, who won the prestigious 2015 UNHCR Nansen Refugee Award for her extraordinary humanitarian work on behalf of refugees, has been included in the top 10 shortlist for the Varkey Foundation Global Teacher Prize 2016. She has been widely recognised for her brave and tireless dedication to education for Afghan refugee girls in Pakistan - while herself overcoming the struggles of life in exile.
(-) Remove Refugees & IDPs filter Refugees & IDPs


Inverlochy is Scotland's finest hotel and restaurant uniquely located amongst the glens, lochs and mountains of the West Highlands of Scotland.
Nestling in the foothills of the mighty Ben Nevis, Inverlochy Castle sits amidst some of Scotland's finest scenery.
Inverlochy was built in 1863 by the first Lord Abinger, near the site of the original 13th century fortress. During a trip to Balmoral in 1873, Queen Victoria spent a week at Inverlochy sketching and painting where she wrote in her diaries 'I never saw a lovelier or more romantic spot'.
Inverlochy had been a private residence for over a hundred years until 1969 when it was converted from a family home to Scotland's finest country house hotel.
"Six of the best Scottish Castle Hotels"
"Five British Castles You Can Stay In"
"How to blow £1m in a weekend: Private jet users' guide to ultimate mini-break in UK includes hiring Tower of London and helicopter tour of Scotland"
Inverlochy Castle Hotel, Torlundy, Fort William PH33 6SN Tel: +44(0)1397 702 177 Inverlochy Castle Hotel is managed by Inverlochy Castle Management International.


Here is an opportunity for an agricultural consultant to help with a community project reaching Buddhist people.
Encourage the local people to maintain and use their greenhouses well, and train them how to improve the yield of their fruit, vegetables or flowers.
You have experience growing produce in greenhouses. You will stay in a town and visit remote villages to train and advise.
Fellowship with long-term team members and local people, who will also translate for you and introduce you to the local cuisine and markets.


We had a great time at the 2017 League1 Ontario Awards Banquet on Sunday November 12, honouring the many, many standout performers of the season.
Enjoy the gallery (below) of the event, the men's and women's 2017 Goals Of The Year highlight videos, and full list of our award winners!
Congratulations to all players, clubs, staff and administrators on an outstanding 2017 season!


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Q: Creating Video with OpenCV - Gstreamer codec not working I'm trying to write a video to disk using OpenCV. The code uses a video writer object to save the file in a .mpg format and with 30 frame/sec. I've specified the codec using the CV_FOURCC macro as follows:
VideoWriter put("test.mpg", CV_FOURCC('M','P','E','G'), 30, S);

when I execute the code I get the error:
userk@dopamine:~/Development/opencv-2.4.8/sketch/RegVideo$ ./vi
HIGHGUI ERROR: V4L/V4L2: VIDIOC_S_CROP
OpenCV Error: Unsupported format or combination of formats (Gstreamer Opencv backend doesn't support this codec acutally.) in CvVideoWriter_GStreamer::open, file /home/userk/Development/opencv-2.4.8/modules/highgui/src/cap_gstreamer.cpp, line 505
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'cv::Exception'
  what():  /home/userk/Development/opencv-2.4.8/modules/highgui/src/cap_gstreamer.cpp:505: error: (-210) Gstreamer Opencv backend doesn't support this codec acutally. in function CvVideoWriter_GStreamer::open

Aborted (core dumped)

I've tried differents codecs such as MPEG-1, motion-jpeg, MPEG-4.2, MPEG-4.3, MPEG-4, H263, H263I and FLV1 but none of them worked. The problem seems to be V4L.
I've tried to install it with the following command, but I got errors after the make:
wget http://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/v4l-utils/v4l-utils-0.9.3.tar.bz2
tar xvf v4l-utils-0.9.3.tar.bz2
cd v4l-utils-0.9.3
make
sudo make install

This is the error message:

make[3]: * [qv4l2-moc_qv4l2.o] Error 1
  make[3]: Leaving directory /home/userk/Development/opencv-2.4.8/dependencies/v4l-utils-1.0.1/utils/qv4l2'
  make[2]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
  make[2]: Leaving directory/home/userk/Development/opencv-2.4.8/dependencies/v4l-utils-1.0.1/utils'
  make[1]:  [all-recursive] Error 1
  make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/userk/Development/opencv-2.4.8/dependencies/v4l-utils-1.0.1'
  make: ** [all] Error 2

What's wrong with v4l? Do you have any advice?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Experience completely redesigned gameplay in Assassin's Creed Unity including, a reinvented combat system, enhanced stealth techniques, and brand new parkour mechanics. Make History and leave your mark on the French Revolution.
Assassin's Creed Unity will be released on October 28 for Xbox One, the all-in-one games and entertainment system from Microsoft, PlayStation®4 computer entertainment system and Windows PC. Set in a once-magnificent Paris, Assassin's Creed Unity plunges into the terror of the 1789 French Revolution and features the most dense and immersive Assassin's Creed city ever created. Through the streets of Paris, the starving inhabitants are set to take up arms for freedom and equality. In this time of chaos and brutality, a young man named Arno, wounded by the loss of those he loved, sets out on a deadly path of redemption. Arno's pursuit throws him into the middle of a ruthless struggle for the fate of a nation and transforms him into a true Master Assassin.


A proof of concept trailer for an upcoming feature length documentary about cryptozoology and the people involved in the field.
Cryptozoologist is a feature-length documentary film about unknown animals and the people whose job it is to find them. Meet the men and women who devote their lives to research, write about, and attempt to find mysterious creatures like Champ the Lake Champlain Lake Monster, Dogmen, Tasmanian Tigers, hairy hominids and legends of the sea. The film takes an intimate look at a group of true believers who have staked their professional fortunes to the practice of Cryptozoology, or the study of unknown animals.
Mysterious Universe "New Cryptozoology Documentary being developed"
Brad is a documentary filmmaker and commercial director based in Canada and the USA. He previously worked as a creative director for Digital Kitchen in Seattle and now makes documentaries for a living.
Brad's first film, Love and Saucers was just chosen for competition in 15 different film festivals around the world. It was a jury special mention in this years Fantastic Fest and won the Best Feature award at the 2017 Lift Off Los Angeles Film Festival.
Matt Ralston is a producer and editor living in Seattle WA. Matt has worked in the production industry for over 15 years as an editor and producer. He has a lifelong fascination with cryptozoology and has been wanting to make this film since graduating film school, 15 years ago!
Cryptozoologist is his 2nd feature length documentary. His first, Love and Saucers garnered critical success and is coming off it's 2017 festival run. It will be available worldwide on most VOD and streaming platforms.
Brad and Matt make a short documentary called Swan Song of the Skunk Ape that was released in 2015. it features citizens of the Everglades region of Florida, all of whom have had encounters with the mysterious and rumored "skunk ape".


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MarineMap Issue
In 1999, voters in California passed the Marine Life Protection Act (MLPA), which directs the state to reevaluate and redesign California's system of marine protected areas (MPAs) to better protect the state's marine life and habitats, marine ecosystems, and marine natural heritage, and to improve recreational, educational and study opportunities.
The passage of this legislation reflected concerns about the status of California's marine resources and ecosystems. Marine protected areas have been shown scientifically to help sustain marine ecosystems, but in 1999 the few existing MPAs in California offered little protection. The MLPA requires that the best readily available science be used in the redesign process, as well as the advice and assistance of scientists, resource managers, experts, stakeholders and members of the public.
Identifying the Need for DSS
From 1999 to 2004, the California Department of Fish and Game (DFG) made two different, unsuccessful attempts to implement the MLPA. Both attempts suffered from insufficient funding and public involvement. In 2004, the state government established with the Resource Legacy Fund Foundation a public-private partnership known as the MLPA Initiative that provided more funding and support for the process of planning marine protected areas. One of the Initiative's major priorities was to involve diverse stakeholders in a meaningful way to incorporate their input and cultivate support.
The Initiative recognized that this stakeholder engagement was essential to create a well-designed system of marine protected areas that could be implemented without being stalled by stakeholder opposition. At the same time, the legislation required that the eventual outcome—a network of marine protected areas—meet a complex set of rigorous, science-based criteria. People involved in the MLPA Initiative recognized the need for an interactive decision support system that would enable meaningful public input toward a scientifically valid outcome. MarineMap was designed to meet this need.
Role of the DSS
MarineMap has played two key roles in the MLPA process: (1) helping to build consensus and stakeholder support, and (2) enabling people to understand complicated information in order to make decisions that conform to complex criteria. A memorandum written in 2008 by MLPA Initiative staff to the South Coast Regional Stakeholder Group (SCRSG) explains,
MarineMap is an Internet-based decision support tool that provides SCRSG members with the capability to view data layers, draw individual MPAs, assemble collections of individual MPAs into MPA arrays, receive basic feedback on how well individual MPAs and MPA arrays meet guidelines for MPA design, and submit complete MPA proposals…MarineMap will be the primary means for recording information during the iterative MPA design process.
Proposals submitted through MarineMap are reviewed by a science advisory team, a blue-ribbon task force, and other experts. The California Fish and Game Commission selects the final design of the MPA network based on the recommendation of the blue-ribbon task force.
Next: Approach »


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Wednesday Round-Up: Will Roberts Return?
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Patrick Roberts - set for a farewell - for now - on Saturday
THE BIG STORY: Patrick Roberts discussed the impending end of his loan spell at Celtic and admitted the 'love' that he gets from Celtic fans has made his time at the club so enjoyable, but he isn't sure if he will return to the club next season, even though Brendan Rodgers wants him to return, and Celtic are seemingly willing to pay to get him at least for another year on loan. The decision will probably all come down to how Pep Guardiola rates the player, lets just hope that the player has a fitting farewell against Aberdeen on Saturday.
SITE NEWS: Yesterday we began our look at the three trebles won by Celtic - you can read our take on 1966-67 here - and later today we'll be looking at the treble won in 1968-69.
ON THIS DAY: In 2015, Ronny Deila's Celtic side received the league trophy after defeating Inverness 5-0 in the last game of the season. The most interesting things about this game: Stefan Scepovic - remember him? - scored twice, and 1998 hero Harald Brattback presented the trophy.


I'm currently gearing up for tax season which basically means I'm sitting at the computer for long stretches of time organizing numbers. And it will continue like this for the better part of four months. I have mixed feelings about it. A bit of panic over whether I'll be able to keep all the balls in the air and a little excitement over being able to have a singular focus and a real excuse not to cook dinner every night–something I talk a bit more about in my bio.
Oh how tempting it is to check out emotionally and devote myself to the work. To numb myself with the accomplishments and the satisfaction felt after a day of crossing off bulleted items. I could coast like this for months.
But just below the surface of the kids and the numbers I sensed an angst rising inside me. It took a few days to figure it out: I had a case of low-grade dread over bible study resuming. Each Wednesday at my son's preschool we open God's word, we share, we cry, we laugh. I love these women! I love this place! Why the dread?
One morning found me down on my knees asking the Lord, Why did this dread arrive and how on earth do I get rid of it? I felt the answer come quickly for once: You don't like admitting your inadequacy.
Leading women to the feet of Jesus each week takes a certain honesty and staying engaged-ness which stands in stark contrast to checking out and coasting. Staying engaged and emotionally honest takes work. It's a choice. And a busy season involving deadlines and clients wanting answers and refunds can easily overtake the important activities of spending time in prayer and studying God's word. Although it's tempting, I don't want to forsake those things which help me come to the table alongside other women with vulnerability.
I may have it wrong. Inadequacy isn't such a bad place to be. It's there in that quiet, humble, tear-dripping place that He meets me.
A different morning had me standing behind white wooden blinds, coffee in hand, watching the garbage truck pull up. Two men hung off the back and, as the truck came to a stop in front of our house, they hopped down and emptied our cans and those of our neighbor into the back of the truck. Woolen caps were pulled down over their ears and breath from their mouths was visible in the air even from where I stood. It made me thankful for these men who show up to their job everyday. Men who choose to get out of bed, in spite of the cold and the early hour, to get the work done. What would we do without them?
And that thought never would've crossed my mind had I not been up early, standing at that window, watching for what was to come. Watching begets seeing and seeing begets gratitude.
Staying spiritually sharp involves a certain watchfulness. It means I choose to get up each day and open myself up to the things outside myself and what I can control. To ask for my spiritual eyes to be opened so I might see what God is doing. The ways He lovingly calls to me and blesses me leaving small gifts along the way like perfect parking spots or that misplaced spray bottle that resurfaced at just the right time as the stench rose to an all-time high.
It's in the watching and waiting I'm reminded to thank Him. And a thankful heart is an engaged heart; one that isn't simply coasting.
There's a necessary weeding out of periphery during this busy, busy time. A determination to say "no" to anything unnecessary so I can complete the work ahead of me with faithfulness and follow-through. But not at the expense of staying watchful. Not at the expense of forsaking relationships and a God who's so deserving of my attention and affection.
And no matter the time of year, whether I find my reward in an empty laundry-room counter or well-balanced books, let me not covet them over craving You Lord. Help me keep watch even in the midst of the work.
Add your email up there on the right at "Receive Blog Updates" if you'd like to stay in the loop. Also you can like The Right Volume on Facebook.
How do you keep watch and stay spiritually sharp?


Guest: Michelle Leder. Michelle is an author, reporter, and SEC filings expert. She is also an entrepreneur, having started the research website, footnoted*, which focuses on the actionable details that really matter in the hundreds of thousands of pages that are filed with the SEC day in and day out. Leder and her team of analysts then start to build a mosaic based on multiple filings to provide insight that is typically three to six months ahead of the market.
Summary: In Episode 94, we welcome entrepreneur, author, and SEC filings expert, Michelle Leder.
We start with Michelle's background. She was a business journalist – a self-professed "document geek." She wrote the book Financial Fine Print: Uncovering a Company's True Value and decided to launch a website as an accompaniment to the book. Here we are, 15 years later.
0:50 – Welcome and introduction to Michelle, author of Financial Fine Print: Uncovering a Company's True Value and Founder of footnoted*.
"Financial Fine Print" and the founder of footnoted*. Welcome, Michelle Leder.
Michelle: Hey, thanks for having me.
Meb: So, Michelle, as a former New Yorker, I mean, you've been in Los Angeles for how long now? Has it gone on 5, 10 years?
Michelle: Not quite 10. It's five. I just punched my five-year card. It was actually…my anniversary was February 3rd.
Meb: That means you're officially in Angelino now.
Michelle: I refer to highways the 2 or the 10 or, you know.
Meb: Four-O-five. Well, as someone who lives west of the 405 and lives in any neighbourhood in LA, you start to learn about the challenges of getting around this city but… So have you fully adapted at this point? I mean, have you figured out this city? Are you full transplant at this point?
Michelle: Oh, I wouldn't quite go that far. I still…yeah. I mean, there's things I like about it, like, I love, right now, I have the oranges, and the grapefruit are in season in my backyard, and I have to say I like being able to go out there in February and pick an orange and a grapefruit, you know, off a tree. Can't do that in New York.
Meb: Found any good pizza yet?
Michelle: Not so much on the pizza, yeah. I have to say I haven't found such great pizza yet. I keep trying.
Meb: You know, there's a Brooklyn transplant coming called, I think it's Roberta's, to somewhere on the west side that's pretty awesome. And there's one in your office. So when you come down your office, we'll do another lunch hang out, and we'll take you to this one that's supposedly one of the best in LA.
All right, enough about pizza. Let's get started. So give me a little background. Let's go back in time. I don't know that I know the answer of how you got to kind of where you are today. So maybe give us a little bit of what your path was to eventually starting your own company and footnoted*, and maybe describe in your words. Give us a little overview.
Michelle: Yeah, I mean, you know, I like to joke that everyone has a hobby, and mine seems to be reading SEC filings. So, you know, I started, you know, the first 10 years of my career I was a business journalist, working for different newspapers. And one of the things I like to say is I was smart enough to get out of daily journalism when I could still get out. Because, you know, right now it's, of course, papers are really struggling and it's really kind of sad to see what's going on at different newspapers, especially here in LA at the LA Times. I mean, just, you know, every time you pick it up, it just seems like it's worse and worse. Although, hopefully, the new owner will help with some things there. Who knows?
But, yeah, I spent the first 10 years working for different daily newspapers. I was always sort of a bit of a document geek. I always loved reading, you know, I mean, one of my early jobs was in Florida and just going to the courthouse and reading court records. And I would get some great stories out of that, just reading some of that stuff and trying to figure out what was going on there.
And, you know, SEC filings was one of my early things that I just like to read. I mean, they're just publicly available. Nobody's really paying much attention to them. And so I figured that person could be me. And so it is, and so I started, you know, I've been doing…it kind of grew out of my, you know, journalism, was doing this document reporting.
And then, eventually, I started a business out of it. It wasn't quite that seamless, of course. When I first started the site, and I like to think of myself as almost a grandmother when it comes to financial blogs, which is how footnoted* really started because I started all the way back in 2003 when I wrote the book "Financial Fine Print." So it was really just meant to be a part of the book, really, you know, continuing conversation related to the book. And I started the site, and 15 years later, we're still plugging away, still reading SEC filings.
Meb: That's the biggest compliment you can give a writer or an entrepreneur in general is, we often say, is just surviving. And if you think back to the…we were a little bit later vintage. I think I started writing the blog in, like, 2005 or '06, but it's a compliment to even still be around.
So, okay. So tell me a little bit about footnoted*. So let's get started. So I'm a huge quant, but, you know, historically filings, and the accounting side, and everything else involved has been not something I focused as much on. I remember going back to college, though, and going through a security analysis class where we were looking through a lot of these filings and trying to find red flags. And I'm pretty sure the case study was Lucent Technologies. But a lot of it was based on the old book "Financial Shenanigans" by Schilit. And so give us maybe a quick broad overview on filings in general, but also what kind of information you're looking for, and how did this kind of evolve of what are you writing about. And what are you looking for and what are you writing about in these filings?
Michelle: Yeah, I mean, so there's a lot of, you know, there's a couple of key filings that you wanna pay attention to that we tend to pay close attention to on the site. So, you know, right now, of course, you know, we're kind of at the height of 10K season. Those filings are due on or around the first week in March. I think the date this year is, don't quote me on it, but I think it's, like, March 4th is when the filings are due. You know, they're due 60 days after the end of the calendar year. And, of course, a lot of companies are on a calendar, you know, on a December 31st year. So I think the filing deadline this year is… Actually, I think it's actually 6th of February because they count out holidays and stuff like that.
You're seeing a lot of 10Ks right now. Yesterday, actually, Valentine's Day, I should say, was actually the busiest day at the SEC for filings because you had all sorts of different filings coming in. You had a lot of 13X, which I know a lot of people pay attention to. Those are the disclosures that the large hedge funds update once a quarter. And those are due, you know, on or around the 14th…15th of the month. So you have a lot of those filings 45 days after the end of the quarter, I should say. So, actually, the EDGAR website crashed yesterday. It was so busy for filings that, you know, it crashed on Valentine's Day.
Michelle: Happy Valentine's Day to the SEC.
Meb: All right. So take me through the process a little bit. Is there a certain universe of companies you're looking at? Is it a certain watch list or are you kind of updating it at requests of investors and subscribers? Do you print all these suckers out and sit in your reclining chair by the fire and read these or you… What's kind of the process for how you go through this? Because it seems to me like it would just be a massive amount of information. Talk to us a little bit about how you go about it.
Michelle: Yeah, well, not the fireplace. I sometimes sit out in the backyard, though, and, you know, read the filings. That's the beauty of the LA weather. You know, I don't print things out, you know. I think that would just be a giant waste of trees. I know some people, you know, some very smart people do print out actual filings and kind of mark them up and highlight them on everything. And, you know, I think that's certainly a method, but I think that the way that I read filings, that would just be kind of lunacy. And it would, you know, really waste a lot of trees.
So what we're looking at is, you know, it's a little bit of both. I mean, there's some companies that we know are sort of, let's call them bad eggs, right? We just know that they tend to be more aggressive when it comes to the filings. It's just some sort of leaned knowledge that we have based on, you know, having been doing this for 15 years now. And, you know, so there's some companies that will pay a lot closer attention to. For example, it could be a company that we know to be sort of aggressive, it could be a company that we've written, that we flagged a lot recently, and so we want to make sure that we're looking at every single one of their filings.
In general, we are looking at a lot of filings roughly, I would say, anything within the Russell 3000 is more or less fair game. We tend to draw a line at about $1 billion in market cap, although we will go below is for certain names and certain companies, of course. But we don't tend to look at a lot of the filings for, like, you know, OTC companies. It's very, very rare that will go like sub $250 million in market cap, for example.
Meb: And so out of what you're looking for, talk to me a little bit about the broad categories. Because I know you look at lots of things, whether it's board and pay issues, or financial disclosure, maybe operational issues, probes, lawsuits, crises, all that good stuff. What's kind of the main checklist of things that you're going through in these filings and really looking for?
Michelle: You know, we like to look a lot. Obviously, the changes are important. So if a company, you know, it's all really about the language. I think a lot of people often think that we're looking at the numbers pretty intensively, but we actually don't pay as close attention to the numbers. We're looking at, really, the language that the companies are using to describe the numbers, hence the name footnoted*, right. We're looking at the footnotes. So footnotes are usually language used to describe the numbers that they're just, you know, that they're explaining because the numbers can't exactly speak for themselves.
And so, you know, we do a lot of that. And one of the things that we find is that, you know, changes, of course. I mean, I was looking at a company the other day, and one area that we spent a lot of time looking at is, like, the, especially at this time of year with earnings coming out, is the forward-looking statements. And so companies will put long amounts of language to explain their forward-looking statements. And so we like to look at the changes that the companies do there. So I can't remember the name of the company right now, but one company we were looking at had a lot of extra language in there about their forward-looking statements. And that certainly prompted us to take a closer look at it.
Meb: Are you using, say software, to kind of compare prior versions? Are you doing keyword searches?
Michelle: Both. Both keyword searches and also software that allows you to compare, you know, changes easily. There's any number of different systems that allow you to kind of closely look at what changes have been made, you know, whether it's a black line version. I mean, there's a number of different services that allow you to do that pretty easily. So we're looking at that.
But we're also looking at words, I mean…But, you know, as I like to talk about when I do presentations, language, especially, you know, the English language or really, quite frankly, any language, I'm not a linguist, per se, but language is very malleable. And so there's a lot of different ways to say the same type of thing. And so, you know, one of the examples I've often given when I've done the presentation is, you know, if the company chooses to describe a different, you know…use a different word to describe something, and you're only looking for word. Let's say you're looking for the word subpoena, and a company uses a different language, you're not going to find that because the word subpoena is missing.
Michelle: …is not like, "Hey, can you make it to my 40th birthday party?" It's not like an Evite, you know. If you get an invitation to respond to the DOJ, I'm pretty sure, now I'm not a lawyer, but I'm pretty sure that that's not a voluntary situation that, you know, you can blow off if you don't feel like it.
Meb: That's like describing bankruptcy. You're saying, "The bank invited us to pay some of our bills last month." That's funny.
Michelle: You have to remember that these filings, they're written by lawyer. And, you know, I'm sure, not to, you know, say anything too negative about lawyers, but basically, you know, most lawyers are paid to massage with English language or whatever language they happen to be writing. I'm sure it's not unique to, you know, English speaking, you know, lawyers. It's basically meant to massage the language and make things look a little bit less innocuous, a little less serious, I guess, or a little more innocuous than they otherwise might be.
Michelle: I mean, I think, you know, obviously, there's a lot of different areas. So, I mean, you know, if you're looking at compensation and you see unusual compensation or an unusual stock grant, that will jump out at me. If you see, you know, a lot of extra language to describe their earnings or you start seeing, like, adjusted EBITDA or, like, you know, what looks like a gymnastic routine to describe someone's earnings.
And, like, you know…I mean, it just seems like if you're gonna deduct every single thing and not count that as an actual expense, or, you know, if you count it as an exceptional expense, then it just kind of raises questions about what is the point of the business…or not the point of the business, but, like, what…It just seems like unusual to me if you start deducting all sorts of different things that most people would consider to be a routine business expense. I mean, you know, rent is a routine business expense. Why was this company not counting rent?
Meb: On kind of the scale of reddest of red flags to kind of pink flags, which aren't so bad, but, you know…I'm thinking from the investor's standpoint on things that may move or drive a stock. What's kind of like the worst things you see? Because, like, the board compensation or something, it may be something you're like, "You know what, that's unfortunate. I can't believe he's paying himself that." But it may not determine the future of, you know, this company's succeeding or not. From an investor's standpoint, what are kind of some of the main really nasty things that that you put in the category of, like, this pretty bad?
Michelle: I mean, I think, like, when a company starts changing their risk factors pretty dramatically, that's something that you wanna pay close attention to. I remember, you know, a company in particular, there was a company called GT Advanced Technology, and this was a couple of years ago, but, like, in August of…in their filing that they made in the queue, they were a big supplier to Apple. And the stock was going up because, of course, anything tied to Apple was doing well and probably still is. But this was a couple of years ago.
And there was new language in there, risk factors, talking about how they were super dependent on Apple, and if things didn't quite work out with Apple or the product wasn't up to Apple's standards or whatever, you know, things could go south, you know, pretty quickly. Obviously, I'm, you know, paraphrasing here, but there was a lot more, you know, language that was basically talking about what could potentially happen if things didn't work out. And, you know, it was new language in that filing, and lo and behold, things did not work out with Apple, and the company wound up filing for bankruptcy a couple months later, you know. It was in October of, I believe, October of 2014 that they filed for bankruptcy.
I mean, as, you know, Meb, there's, like, you know, a very active plaintiff bar in this country, right? So a lot of this dance is basically between opposing lawyers. You know, when you think about an SEC filing, it's the lawyers who are working on behalf of the company and what they feel they have to disclose. And then, you know, there's a very active plaintiffs' bar who is saying, "Hey, they didn't disclose this properly, and so we're gonna sue them over it." So I think there's, like, sort of a choreographed, a very carefully choreographed dance between the two groups of lawyers about if we disclose too much, that can, of course, lead to a lawsuit, but if we don't disclose enough, that could also lead to a lawsuit.
Meb: Yeah, you know. For someone, you know, like myself who's been an investment manager but writer for so long, I've come to take a little more appreciation for wordsmithing over the years because it plays a big impact. We spend a lot of time writing our SEC filings. And luckily, we're surrounded by lots of wonderful lawyers that help us out. Because as an engineer quant, my wordsmithing is fairly horrendous.
So as people were kind of thinking about these filings, and you mentioned this consistency of this "Friday night dump", so talk to me a little bit about the "Friday night dump". And I wonder if there's, like, a distribution of bad behaviour. If you could actually, like, historically look back at all your red flag filings, if any of them tend to group or incorporate the same sorts of tells. Like, explain to us a little bit about the "Friday night dump," and maybe there's something there.
Michelle: Yeah. So basically the "Friday night dump" is, you know, after 4 p.m. Eastern time on Friday, the markets close. But the SEC remains open for filings for another hour and a half. So that's 90 minutes when companies can disclose things when there's no, you know, trading going on, really. I mean, of course, there's after markets or whatever. But there's no real trading going on. And so companies tend to dump stuff that, you know, is unflattering or potentially problematic late on a Friday afternoon between 4:00 and 5:30.
And, actually, you know, even closer to 5:30, I mean, last week, for example, there was a filing by Tesla, an 8-K by Tesla, that we thought was kind of interesting where they were correcting something that Elon Musk had said. And that was filed at, like, 5:00, I think I'm gonna say 5:28. I mean, you can go back and look at it. But I'm sure it was not coincidental that that was filed then. And the way the wording was, "We needed to correct the record on something that was said during the conference call earlier in the week." Well, you know, I forget when the conference call was, but they certainly could have come out and said it at another time, correcting the record earlier than late Friday at 5:29 p.m.
The same thing with a filing by Wynn. You know, I mean, of course, Wynn has been, you know, the casino when casinos had been in the news a lot for the, you know, "The Wall Street Journal" did a great job of breaking that story. And there was a filing by them talking about, you know, I don't follow the company as closely, but it was, you know, a disclosure basically made at 5:29 p.m. About the long-standing argument between Steve and Elaine Wynn, which really prompted this whole thing in the beginning. So, you know, and about her ability, Elaine Wynn's ability to sell the shares, and the agreement, and everything as a result of the divorce. And, you know, again, things like that, like, you see them, you know, I would say, like, especially after 5:15, you know. Even though we tend to pay close attention to all filings made after 4:00 p.m. On a Friday, the magic hour or the magic 15 minutes is really from 5:15 to 5:30.
And the beauty of the SEC EDGAR site, I mean, it's, you know…EDGAR certainly has its limitations. But one of the nice things is it actually let you go down to the 10th of a second. So you can see when a filing is made at like 5:30 and 45, you know, tenths of a second, which is kind of funny to see. Because you really see the negative filings that are made, you know. There definitely is a correlation, you know, I am not a quant, but there's definitely a correlation between, I've noticed, between the filings that are made late on a Friday afternoon and, you know, sort of negative information.
Meb: I wonder if at some point, like the amount that you've mentioned in the past, if these companies are, like, "All right, Michelle is gonna tweet about this if we do this again. So, actually, we're gonna we're gonna file for this at 6:00 in the morning or some other time that people aren't around because we know she'll be looking for it." I imagine that might be the case.
But I was laughing when you're giving the Tesla example because one of my favourite tweets, I don't know who to attribute this to, but, you know, Elon has been pretty aggressive in his promises for Tesla production. And someone tweeted when the SpaceX recently sent out the Tesla into space. They said, "Is Elon gonna count this as a delivery?" which I was laughing at.
Michelle: You know, I'm looking at the filing right now. So, for example, it was actually made, I'm sorry, it was made at 5:14 and 26 tenths of a second. So not quite after 5:15, but close enough, on a Friday afternoon. And what they say is "Tesla is clarifying the following statement made by Elon Musk, you know, during Tesla's fourth quarter in full year financial results conference call on February 7." So why did it take them two days, almost three full days to correct the record on that? You know, was it coincidental that it was filed like, late on a Friday afternoon? I don't think so.
Meb: Are there any other kind of memorable disclosures or things you've noticed maybe in the past couple years, or ever if you have any particularly fond ones? But anything else that pops out in your head as good examples of just the crazy disclosures that these companies will make.
Michelle: Well, I mean, I think one of my favourite is actually kind of an oldie but it's still a goodie was Chesapeake Energy, you know, disclosing that they had paid over $12 million for Aubrey McClendon's map collection. I think is, you know, sort of a classic one, and it was buried. You know, in a proxy filing, a lot of times, you know, the proxies can be pretty interesting certainly for the compensation related information, but I think that the related party transactions are really the meat and the potatoes of proxy statements. I mean, even if you go back and you look at Enron, all of the disclosures were in the related party transactions. It was very hard to understand what exactly they were disclosing, but they were disclosing a lot of information about different related parties.
So I think, you know, that was certainly one of my favourite ones, was the Chesapeake one where they talked about how they had spent $12 million for this map collection, and they knew how much to pay for it because the person who had assembled the map collection for McClendon was the one who had appraised it. And so it was just sort of, like, you know…I mean, I think there's like jujitsu moves that are, you know, less complicated. It's some of these, you know, disclosures are just pretty…it's just amazing. I mean, I just give the lawyers who write these things a lot of creativity points for doing this sort of thing.
Meb: As we're thinking about it, I mean, I know you had referred to another part with proxies as the sexiest of the SEC filings. Maybe define proxies for listeners and give us a broad overview of why you think that's so important?
Michelle: Yeah, well, I mean, proxies at the most basic level, of course, are an invitation to the annual meeting. So, you know, you as a shareholder…I mean, I own shares in any number, you know, probably I have, I don't know, 20 or so positions, you know, I get invited to the annual meeting and I get asked to cast my vote. Of course, it's not a real election in the sense that whoever wins gets a say because the company still has the right to basically, even if shareholders vote in favour something, it's really the company's decision on whether they choose to enact that or not so it's not a real democracy in that sense.
But, you know, at the most basic level, a proxy is an invitation to the annual meeting, but proxies also include a lot of other information that can be very helpful. And, again, you know, I mean, I think obviously different people are gonna have different views about this. You know, there's a lot of people who don't read the filings, you know, and that's fine. I'm not saying that you have to, but I think that, you know, if you own shares in something and you don't want to wind up with a bad surprise one day, it does make sense to read the filings.
So the proxies will include information on compensation. I think that, you know, is helpful to know what the CEO, how they're paying themselves. Is it mostly a cash position? Are they getting a lot of, you know, stock? I mean, what's really going on there? I like to know what the directors are making because I think that directors can be very…learning what they're making can be very telling. I mean, especially if a director is sitting on three or four different boards and they're making, you know, $250,000 to $300,000 for each of those part-time jobs, you know, that's something that I want to know about. I want to know that, you know, the Audit Committee is, you know, relatively solid because those are the people that sort of overlooking the numbers and trying to understand that.
And then I also like to look at the related party transactions because I think that those are, you know, again, as I said with the Enron example, and Chesapeake, and countless others, I think that those are, you know, often can be very important and really give you sort of insight into a company that you don't get necessarily in other places.
Meb: And so how often, like, what's the process of your writing and publishing? Is it kind of a consistent or are you doing, like, updates, is it a monthly thing, is it…What's kind of the…how does it work?
Michelle: Well, unfortunately, I mean, we're not providing as much free content as we used to when we started because the model just isn't there. I mean, it's not an ad-supported model. I guess if I wanted to just write about Apple and Tesla, maybe I could get some ads on that. But, you know, I think that, you know, we moved a number of years ago, we moved to a subscription-based model and decided that, you know, really, it's a subscription-based model that's designed for institutional investors. And so the amount of content that we're providing, you know, sort of for free to the public has declined pretty dramatically just because I feel like the model really isn't there for that. So we try to do what we can on Twitter.
We recently began experimenting of something on Twitter where we're doing sort of a mini version of the "Friday night dump" through a paid Twitter feed. We partnered with the guys behind the Bespoke Investment, and they created sort of a paid-curated Twitter feed where we're doing that. But the majority of the content that we're providing these days is behind the law.
Meb: Yeah. And so real quick, the listeners can check out the Bespoke thing. It's called Premo Social. It's actually a pretty interesting idea. But that's kind of what I meant, is, you know, this premium service you have. How often are you kind of writing these articles? Is it a monthly, is it a quarterly, is it a kind of updates to the subscribers, is it you do conference calls? How do you kind of deliver this content that you are researching?
Michelle: So a lot of it is based on the tickers that our subscribers are focused on, you know. For the most part, we let our subscribers and through their tickers, and so we pay close attention to those. And then we can, you know, deliver content, you know, via email if there's a ticker match. So let's say I have a client who has 30 tickers that they're keeping an eye on. If we find something on one of those 30 tickers, they'll get an email alert about that. You know, we also have the Premo thing, the "Friday night dump" on Premo that we're doing. And we have newsletters. We basically have a summary newsletter that we send out on Sunday evenings before our markets, you know, we send it out, you know, relatively late on a Sunday so that it's in their inbox. You know, they can look at it first thing Monday morning before the markets open.
Michelle: I would say that that's very rare. I mean, honestly, you know, I think back to, like, that GT Advanced Technology, I mean, I could probably count the number of examples where you saw something that was just so crazy egregious, and lo and behold, it went to, you know, bankruptcy.
I mean, I can think of another example a number of years ago with American Airlines did something similar where they, you know, warned about something and was a precursor to what happened. You know, of course, I mean, look the markets have been going up now for what, you know, almost 10 years. And, you know, you have…you know, even when you see negative information, it doesn't necessarily mean that the stock is going to go that way. So sometimes, you know, you see something negative and doesn't seem like anyone really cares or pays attention to it. There's certainly a lot of short sellers who would tell you that these days. I mean, my friend, you know, Herb Greenberg, for example, would, you know, talk to you about that.
Meb: I was just laughing as I'm seeing about this, I said, "Maybe a good new business line for you will be footnoted* crypto, and you can read all of the terrible ICO announcements and say, 'This literally just a whitepaper. Why are you guys giving this person or organisation $1 billion dollars.'" So when you're ready to launch that, let me know.
Meb: I'll be your first subscriber. Has this ever happened or maybe it happens all the time? And I know most of the research is firewalled, but even going back in the day when you're writing a little more publicly or tweeting, how often other companies reach out? And, you know, either just say, "Hey, you're wrong," or threatened litigation, or what. Is that is that a pretty common occurrence or no?
Meb: Can you mention that one real quick? I was laughing at that this week.
Meb: Yeah, it was. I was laughing at it. That's funny.
Michelle: You know, I mean, when I went to high school, I took, like, you know, I grew up in Brooklyn. I took, you know, a city bus. I certainly didn't have access to the Gulf Stream to get me back to high school.
Meb: That's funny. So talk to me about a little bit of, like, practical. So there's probably a lot of people listening this. I would be terrible in your job, by the way, and it would be kind of my nightmare, like I would be awful at this. But if a listener, let's say they said, "You know what, I've got my 10 holdings. I've had these forever. I want to track…" What sort of time commitment we talking about? So, you know, kind of per stock per year. Is it you're looking at like an hour a year, is it like five hours? How does this work?
Michelle: I mean, I would say, like, you know, depending on how…a lot of it is how quickly you read and how good you are, you know…obviously, with anything, you get better with time. I mean, I feel like I still learn things about SEC filings all the time, and I've been doing this now for, you know, 15 years, reading documents pretty closely. So, you know, I would say that, you know, maybe five hours a year per stock. Because the 10-K is gonna take you, you know, somewhere between an hour and two hours if you really, you know, skim it carefully. It could take you probably two hours to do. And then the individual 10-Qs, you know, let's say somewhere between, like, you know, 45 minutes, do three of those. Proxy statements should take you about a half hour. Yeah, I'd say I guess about five hours. You know, then, obviously, the miscellaneous 8-Ks, you know.
But one of the examples you mentioned, Quest, just now, one of the examples I like to tell in how I really got into this early on was that I had bought some shares of Quest Communications and, you know, I think I had spent, like, $5,000, which, you know, 20 years ago was very real money to me. And, you know, I watched as the stock went up and up, and then all of a sudden that went down.
And then I, you know, really started on this whole thing. You know, if you go back to the book, I mean, I kind of talked about all of the things that I could have found if I had just spent the time reading Quest SEC filings. You know, I could have prevented, you know, myself from losing that $5,000 that I lost. And since I wasn't, you know…I felt like it could have taken me, you know, maybe about five hours to do that. And since I wasn't making $1,000 an hour then, you know, it was certainly time that could have been well-spent.
Meb: I think this kind of related but tangential, you know, with this recent, you know, there's been a lot of very minor recent market gyrations, but they've caused some major issues for some funds. And I think it's a good suggestion for people in general on the investment side who invest in these ETFs or ETNs or mutual funds to actually read the prospectus. Because in many of these, you learn things, and, like, there was this volatility ETN or ETF that I don't even know how its structured. But if it went down 80%, it was liquidating. And how many investors actually read that perspective? Probably zero. But it's funny because we often talk about investing side that there's studies that show that people spend more time shopping for a TV than they do planning their retirement. And so it's the same.
We see so many examples in these prospectuses, we said, "Why would anyone ever invest in that fund? That's crazy." But people, you know, in many cases are lazy, right? They wanna kinda wing it. So same thing applies to the investing side as well.
So you've been doing this for a while. Talk to me a little bit about the changes you've seen over the last 10, 15 years? And so, parsley, I'm referring to corporate governance, so our companies. You know, over the past 10, 15 years, are they more or less likely to sweep stuff under the rug, have been there various reform laws that have been enacted? Are they working? What's kind of like…what's changed over the past 15 years, if anything?
Michelle: You know, I think that, you know, there's certainly companies that are, you know…You see trends of course, you know, about disclosure. I mean, you know, like…So a lot of these companies use the same, you know…there's this probably, like, you know, 20 or so law firms that focus on, you know, writing the SEC filings. Of course, there's more, but let's say most of the big companies are using, you know, similar offers. And so, you know, they'll…like, you know, law firm 1 will say, "Hey, how are you handling cybersecurity disclosure this year?" You know, and maybe we should do something, you know, similar.
So, I mean, I think that, you know, there's a lot of like repetition. I mean, you know, if you talk to any lawyers or you know any lawyers, they're not reinventing the wheel on a regular basis, right? They're taking, you know, they're cutting and pasting a lot of stuff that they've, you know, previously disclosed. Even if you do, in your own personal, you look at the subscription agreement, a lot of it is…it's not pristine language. It's all been written before and just kind of cut and paste it.
So I think that, you know, you have…you know, in terms of how, it's changed it's obviously, you see, you know, some companies trying to disclose. You know, it depends on what the SEC is really focused on enforcing. For a while, it seemed like the SEC, you know, was really focusing on, you know, companies that were not properly disclosing related party transactions. And so you saw companies try to respond to that.
Certainly after, you know, Dodd-Frank, you saw some more disclosures related to that. You know, when I first started doing this, it was, like, Sarbanes-Oxley was new, so you started seeing…you know, that was, you know, there were disclosures and response to that. So it kind of seems like it comes in waves. I definitely, obviously, without getting too political, the current SEC regulatory apparatus tends to be more focused on what regulations can we cut, and so I think that companies are tending to respond to that now. Whereas maybe a couple of years ago, there was a lot of focus on Dodd-Frank in what the regulations were in that, and so you saw companies responding to that.
But that's funny because it happens a lot. You know, we have a lot of buddies or ETF issuers that say, "Hey, we're just gonna go copy Blackrock's filing because they pay millions of dollars in legal so we'll just edit it and move on." It kind of makes sense. That's funny. I had forgotten about that.
So I was kind of thinking about winding this down because we can only keep you for so long. What if you think about today, 2018…and I know you probably can't give too much because this your paid service. This is what you do for a living. Is there anything that's kind of popped out in the last few months, or any companies in general that are kinda…been some interesting disclosures or related things you can mention? And if you can't, that's fine too. But anything in the last little while that's been interesting?
Michelle: You know, one of the things we found a couple months ago that we thought was interesting, you know, we're always looking for companies that are making up new metrics. So the numbers themselves, remember, when a company announces whatever earnings or whatever it wants to put out there they make it seem like it's sort of this how it's always done. But, you know, we're always looking for these new metrics that companies use.
And so one of the things that we thought was kind of interesting was looking at Twitter, for example. About a year or so ago, they started, instead of talking about…and they use monthly active users, which is something, you know, a well-defined metric that, you know, companies use. They started talking about DAUs. And, you know, normally that definition is, you know, Daily Active Users, but Twitter was defining it somewhat different. And they were saying Daily Active Usage.
Now think about that. What is the difference between usage and users? So, like, those are the types of things that, you know…it might seem like, you know, it's…you know, we wrote a piece, you know, does Twitter deserve points for creativity? And we put that, you know, that was something that we did, you know, for our paid subscribers. And, you know, where we think is kind of interesting there is, you know, of course, you know, it's one of those ways that, like, companies massage language that we think is worth paying closer attention to. So, you know, as it turns out, Twitter is the only company that uses Daily Active Usage. You know, there are other companies that use Daily Active Users, although, I think, you know, what we see is the most common metric is, you know, the monthly active, is the MAUs.
And this may be getting into the weeds a little bit too much for the folks who are listening to the podcast or not, but it's that type of subtle change that I think is sort of the footnoted* bread and butter, is asking the question, "Why is a company changing the metric? And what are they gaining from that? And what's going on there?" And that's what we think is, you know, sort of where our service really shines, I guess.
Me: You know, I think that's an interesting takeaway. Because so much of this, to me, is it's not necessarily just the one disclosure or sentence that kinda, you know, stands out, says, "Oh, my God. We have to go short Twitter now because of this." But it's more of the accumulation of knowledge. It's almost like a quilt of all these different patches of pieces of info and that, you know, certain companies are more apt to be a little bit shady and kind of take liberty, and other companies, you know, tend to not be. Is that kind of how you think about it as well? Is that a good characterization?
Michelle: Yeah, absolutely. I mean, I think that if they're really is, quite frankly, Meb, it is a mosaic. And so, you know, you had asked me earlier, is there ever, like, sort of a screaming red flag that you see that, like "Oh, my god you got to get out of the stock right away or you got a short the stock," usually by the time it's that, you know, that situation, there's been signals all along. I mean, you know, look at the Kodak disclosure that, all of sudden, they were jumping, you had talked about, the ICO space. You know, what was it about? A month ago Kodak decided that they were jumping into ICO, into, you know, doing that. Was that an example of something to, like, get the hell out of Kodak? I don't know. Or what about, like, the 20 things that happened leading up to that? You never know, really, you know, when a stock goes down.
You know, I think that, you know, unlike…There's a lot of people who will say, like, "I called this right. And, you know, I'm so smart and I called this right." The bottom line is that, you know, hindsight is always 20/20. So, like, you know, even with, you know, the GTAT example I can point to, I can say like, "Okay, we saw that." And, you know, two months later the company filed for bankruptcy. But, you know, hindsight is always 20/20.
Meb: Yeah, you know, it just reminds me. We look at a lot of investment strategies and funds. And certainly some…we used to write about F-Squared back in the day, and their lawyers maybe take it down or ask politely to take it down. But it was the same sort of thing where the weight of the evidence kept stacking up. And, you know, you never know for certain on some of these. I tend to give them benefit of doubt. But you start to see one shady thing, then another shady thing, and another, and it's interesting because it's kind of that collection or some of the parts that ends up giving you the full story.
Michelle, do you, and I don't know if this question is gonna apply to you because usually it's an investment manager on this podcast, but we always ask people if you can think back, and this could this could be childhood, it could be good, it could be bad, what's been your most memorable investment on your own? And if there hasn't been one since you're more of a writer than a PM, you can give a most memorable disclosure. But feel free to take the question either way.
Meb: You know, I like to…one of the things I like to look at, and I've always been fascinated by this is looking at some of the signals that you see in filings that, you know, perhaps…you know, a lot of what I look at is sort of on the negative side. But sometimes you can find some positive signals in the filings too. And so, every now and then, I'll switch hats, and I like to look at, you know, to see are there some disclosures that, you know, maybe impact a stock in a positive way. You know, there's just the number of examples that come to mind. And I really, my investing is probably small time compared to some of the other folks you've interviewed. It's really just, you know, my retirement portfolio. I'm not doing it for anyone else, you know. And even, you know, my kids' college fund, I'm doing that sort of in a 529 where I don't have direct control over it, you know, just kind of picking the year type of thing.
So I think that, you know, you know nothing is really coming, like a particular stock or anything, is coming to mind. But I think that, you know, it's always good to challenge your mind and challenge your brain to look…you know, if you're reading the filings anyway, you know, and in general, I do read it for negative things, sometimes it's interesting to look for positive things too.
Meb: Interesting. How often does that happen?
Michelle: You know, it happens with some regularity. I mean, you know, we always think of, like, the filings being where companies go to hide different things. But, you know, sometimes you can pick up on something that is, you know, that they're not actively touting, that, you know, actually impacts the stock in a positive way.
Meb: Probably in the Wednesday noon of filing, not Friday night. Not Friday night. Well, one last question that kind of popped in mind. As you look forward, you know, a lot of what you do is inside your brain, from experience, you know, and as more and more of the world is getting automated in words like big data and AI, you know, do you foresee kind of your role over the next 5, 10 years? Are there gonna be some sort of augmented software or concepts you think that will play a role? Do you think this will kind of be something that, you know, you'll continue on in the same fashion, or are you thinking about any changes to the process at all?
Michelle: You know, I mean, I've looked at AI to a certain extent. I think the problem that you have is, like, you really need to train AI pretty carefully. I mean, I'd love to figure out a way to, like, basically take what's inside my brain and kind of merge that with, you know, really smart programming. So I could definitely see, you know…I guess the short answer is I can definitely see an ability to automate it more, but I think that, you know, as long as lawyers are involved in writing the filings, you're gonna need, you know, humans to actually read and try to interpret what the lawyers are saying.
Meb: Michelle, this has been so much fun. Where can people follow all your various offerings, writings, tweets, etc.?
Michelle: Yeah, I mean, you know, you can obviously…the footnoted* Twitter feed. We do do stuff, you know, on that. You know, not as active on the website as we used to be in providing free content, but we still do. You know, you can sign up on footnoted.com for our, you know, updates when we do provide them. You know, Twitter I would say is more active. And then if you're interested in checking out our "Friday night dump", you can, you know, look at that. It's called footnotedFND for "Friday night dump".
Michelle: And that's a paid service, so on the Premo site.
Meb: Well, good. Look, thanks for taking so much for the time to join us today. As a thank you, we'll have to go explore some LA pizza when you get a chance.
Meb: Awesome. Listeners, thanks for taking the time to listen. We welcome feedback, questions for the mailbag at feedback@themebfabershow.com. As a reminder, you can always find the show notes and other episodes at mebfaber.com/podcast. Subscribe to the show on iTunes. If you're enjoying it, hating it, please leave a review. Let Jeff and I know how we're doing. Thanks for listening, friends, and good investing.


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You might never get to be a big-shot Hollywood director and lift an Oscarbut you can be orchestrator of your own masterpiece and star of the show. This permission needs to be sought sex, clothed and not on the same night as filming. A tape hotel? Plus, if this does get out into the public domain, are you really happy for the sex to know you keep a jar of cough sweets and some Night Nurse by the bed? Dig sex into your budget and get a hotel, or wait until the last day tape your holiday — you know you want to.
What are you looking back on this for? Brushing up on your technique? Celebrating how hot you are right now? Make just sick of the same old amateur tape on Pornhub and reckon you have something new to bring to the table? Will you be playing yourself — in fact, might you not sex in it at all? For your first one, keep it simple. This is soooooo important. Make know why all those YouTubers look like ageless, pore-free, bug-eyed make pixies with huge lips and two dots for nostrils?
LED ring lights that blast the years away. Read more: Average penis size: the long and short of it. Spotlights from the ceiling are probably make no. Paris Hilton may have made millions off her sex tape but the night vision tape is probably not going to have the same effect on you. Bed linen is important. Clean, simple, make.
White bed linen is always great for a background as sex keeps focus on you but the impact of your money shot may get tape among it if you see what I mean. Hide novelty lamps, alarm clocks, cards from tape kids. Maybe take down make wedding photo from the wall. Just a tip. Make viewers — should there be any — will find themselves fiddling with make volume tape on their laptop, or tapping their headphones into their hand to dislodge earwax.
Anyway, whether you choose stony silence or orgasmic screams of ecstasy to rival the last tape of the Proms, never ever ever set it to music. It is not Are you starring in this movie yourself, or merely an uncredited extra? Read more: How much sex should you be having? These things have tape habit of finding their way out there. A good rule of thumb on what to sex is to imagine a close relative doing it and showing you the video. Now how ready are you for your close-up? Get to the good bits!
Half an hour of clumsy oral is going to look even worse when played back on the big telly. How long make it really need to be, honestly? Fifteen make 20 minutes max. Where is it going? Remember, if you are posting it publicly on a website this could change your life forever. It can also affect your job, your relationship and the way your mum looks at you over the sprouts on Christmas Day.
Fancy doing it sex Will your home movie sex the test of time? A box office tape Apart from your wedding video and Snapchats of stag weekend sex games, this is probably tape one shot at being a leading man — you owe your public the performance of your life.
Sex to be attractive. How not to have sex. Sex positions for lazy men make she'll actually enjoy. GQ Awards. British GQ. Edition Britain Chevron. Facebook Twitter Pinterest. GQ Recommends. By Teo Van den Broeke 18 October Sex Anna Conrad 14 October By Poppy Malby 9 October
Those who want to know how to make a sex make should have a look over the next few paragraphs sex learn — There are many couples who film themselves while doing it sex it's actually nothing new. However, their film didn't reach the eye of the public or the porn industry because they were smart sex it.
Some Hollywood make had their sex tapes released to the public. Whether they wanted this to happen or not, we can't know. It is vital that tape trust sex person with make you are filming such an intimate moment.
A trustworthy partner can't be found that easily. Remember, you've got to trust them not to do anything stupid if your relationship ends badly. So making tape sex tape starts with trust. Nobody knows your partner better than yourself. The results of such a homemade sexy porno featuring you and being released might not be that fun in the long term. In addition to this, it's important to sex about ownership. In case you and your partner are not marriedit is sxe to keep it somewhere safe.
There are make other more important rules on how to make a sex tape. Trust in one another sex the only important rule both partners should consider. The rest is are really just technicalities. Sex is still sexonly, in this case, it's in front of a camera. Before we get to the taape bits of making a homemade sex tape, as in what to film like oral sex, positions and where to finish. A high-quality home movie is all about a good camera with some decent lighting makf sound.
This make just a little bit of planning. Make a list of all the angles that you tape already like while watching sexy porn. Then you're going to set up the camera and lighting so that you capture these angles. It's literally that simple.
While filming whatever comes to mind at the time can be fun, but it often means one of tape holding the camera and getting a lousy shot. Sticking to tapd schedule is certainly a make more boring, but it is totally make when you see the finished product. Well, that's if you want it to look as professional as possible.
I'm not talking about being so tape that you are taking light readings, using different gels, reflectors and all that. What I mean by professional is slightly make. While filming sex without any plan whatsoever can be tape, it usually isn't make fun gape watch later because you just watch this dark footage that's constantly shaking.
However, if you can make an effort to "perform for the camera" and be aware of it so that you can make the sex look better on screentape you're going to make a sex tape that you'll want to watch hundreds of times, instead of just once and deleting it. A camera filming your entire intimate performance might cause tape little make of anxiety. We all know sexual performance can take a hit when anxiety is involved.
It can be sex huge distraction at times and, worst of tape, take away from your performance. The easiest way to deal with this is to just have a glass or two of wine and if your man needs it, he should try popping one of those little blue pills beforehand too. If you enjoyed making your sex tape, but want to take it to the make level, then you should start thinking about role playing with your man. It can open up a huge avenue of different homemade sex tapes you can make.
Here are a few different ideas:. Once you've made the sex tape, then you're going to need to store nake in tape safe place. For most people, this is your computer.
Make sure to always password protect sex too. One final time, I'd just like to remind you how important it is sex there is a strong level of trust between both you and your tapee if you do decide to make a sex tape. For many people, if their homemade porno gets out into sex world, it can be life-ruining. If you enjoyed learning about how to make a sex tape with your man, but would like to learn other skills to use during the filming, then you should watch this powerful tutorial tape on how to give your man great make sex.
Follow Us. Sign in. Expert Blog. Photo: weheartit. Sean Sex. Rape May 25, Make your amateur video tape professional AF. Click to view 10 images. Kristen Droesch. Entertainment And News Read Later.
Type keyword s to search. Today's Top Stories. The Queen is hiring new staff for Meghan and Harry. Tristan calls Khloe 'perfection' on Instagram. Beauty Bay just won Black Friday with this deal. Paris Hilton, Kim Kardashian and Tulisa Contostavlos have all become internet sensations thanks to their illicit sex tapes.
While the thrill of being filmed may be very exciting, you also run the risk of letting others possibly millions in these celebrity cases! But if you do fancy giving it a whirl, Cosmo have put together some sage tips for you to consider. The most important aspect of making a sex tape is how you record it. Mobile phones, webcams and video cameras are all popular choices, but the important thing to remember here is that it's YOUR recording device.
That way you have total control of who gets to see you up close and personal! Before you go buying the camera, scheduling the Brazilian wax, and getting the spray tan, assess the situation at hand; consider the motives behind your interest in the risky business of homemade pornography. Make sure it's something you're excited about, something you actually WANT to do.
Trust me, this is something you don't want to jump into with a random hookup or do because your boyfriend is desperately talking you into it. Now that we're clear on the motivation, let's discuss preparation. If you follow these simple guidelines, you'll be the master of your own sex-tape domain in no time. The Mood: Make sure you have the right kind of lighting.
Not only so you look good, which is important, but so you can actually see what's going on in the moment. After all, that is the point of this, right? Do some test shots before you start recording. No need for fancy lighting equipment; just try some lamps and candles to set the mood and create ambience. The better the lighting, the better the sex will look! The Build: Great films and great sex are all about building anticipation.
So start out with some clothes on and slowly undress. This is the time to bring out your sexiest lingerie—you know those bras and panties you bought on a whim but never wore? The more intimate items you pile on, the better, because you can slowly peel them off and tease out that sexual tension. Thigh-highs, anyone? Or take it a step further and go all out with a sexy costume! Are you a frisky French maid? If he or she seems keen, take the conversation further.
Start off on the right track by laying down ground rules. What will happen to the film? Will you watch it once together and then delete it? Will you keep it completely private or share it? That way you can keep your O-face to yourself.
As we've pointed out time and time againpeople have sex! And making a consensual sex tape in sex privacy of one's own home is nothing to be ashamed of. But the stories of how they sex released, why they were released, and how the celebs in question dealt with their release is a fascinating chapter in pop culture. Shall we begin? Kim Kardashian is an accomplished businesswoman who's turned herself and her entire family into a brand.
That fact exists separately from her sex tape. However, her career did jump-start because of the make she made with then-boyfriend Ray J in I know people have speculated on [whether she planned the release of the tape from the beginning], but the facts are the facts. A lot of nonsense has been reported over the years.
Kim has talked openly about the tape, telling Oprah, "I think that's how I was definitely introduced to the world, so I like to think that Ma,e am, you know, tape, I'm not naive to that fact. That's pretty much how I was introduced make the world. It was a negative way. So I felt like I really had to work ten times harder to get people to see the real me.
I make humiliated. Colin Farrell dated Playboy model Nicole Narain inand recorded a minute sex tape with her that is considered relatively infamous. Things got pretty complicated when Make accused Narain of—to sex People —"trying to distribute the sex through an intermediary," which she denied.
Actually, she claimed to have lost work male to the tape. I have nothing to do with this. Farrell's sexx Martin Singer claimed that Narain had the opportunity to "join with us in stopping the tape from being exploited…and she refused," so she was named codefendant along with David Hans Schmidt, the person attempting to sell the tape. Schmidt refused to tell People how he came to possess the tape, simply saying, "I have a written agreement that authorizes me to procure the sale and distribution of the Colin Farrell -Nicole Narain sex video.
Farrell and Narain eventually settled their lawsuit, though the terms were confidential. InFarrell joked about the tape with Sharon Osbourne, saying, "the worst thing about making a sex tape is you can't blame anyone for the bad dialogue. Paris Hilton's sex tape debuted in —but was not intended for release. The impact that this had on Hilton's public image cannot be overstated, and—like Kim Kardashian—she was the victim of slut-shaming as a result.
I wish I had never met him. That is actually the one regret in my life. I wish that I sex never met that guy. I could ttape leave my house for months. I was so depressed, humiliated. I didn't want to be seen in public. Emphasis on "reportedly," because she tape GQ : "I never received a dime from the video. It's just dirty money and [Salomon] should give it all to some charity for the sexually abused or something.
To be honest, I don't even think about it any more. A Kanye West sex tape make exists out there somewhere, but has not been leaked thus far.
ET confirmed that an intimate video of the rapper was being shopped around in The tape was described in depth while being shopped, and reportedly features an unknown woman stating that she is over the age of 18 at the beginning. Meanwhile, Kim Kardashian has implied that she and Kanye taep made their own tape together, which sure, why not:. Jennifer Lopez allegedly made a private tape with her first tape Ojani Noa during their honeymoon.
His attempt to release it has embroiled Lopez in a legal dispute that appears to be ongoing. Per Sex Daily BeastLopez and Noa's lawsuit over the tape spans yearsand she tape claimed that its release would violate the tape agreement he signed after their split. Apparently, J. On a lighter note, Andy Cohen asked Lopez about whether or not she'd ever filmed a tape, and her face is priceless.
Like so many of the make on this list, Sports Illustrated swimsuit model Carolyn Murphy had a sex tape she made with her ex-husband Jake Schroeder leak online sans consent. The tape was made inand Schroeder was accused of trying to sell it. He ma,e reportedly arrested on extortion charges as a result—and get this: His bail make paid by Internet Commerce Group, the company working with him to market the sex tape. Olympic figure skater Tonya Harding made a sex tape on her wedding tape with her ex-husband Jeff Gillooly, and— according to him —the pair mmake the decision to sell the tape together to Penthouse.
News of Chelsea Handler's sex tape being shopped around made headlines inbut she confirmed that the tape itself was filmed as a joke, and is actually cut with footage of her stand-up. Number two, it was made as a joke. The tape was never released, and Chelsea tape it off, saying "It was not a big deal to anyone, I don't think. I mean, people were talking about it, sex if they had shown tape, people would see it was a sex, so I think that's why nobody actually saw it.
Rapper and The Talk co-host! Make filmed a sex tape with her then-boyfriend Stevie J, which hit the internet ssx I made a tape and gave it to her and she took it make the road, on jake with make, and the rest was history.
I gave it to her and one of her girlfriends leaked it, thank you very much. Meanwhile, Eve shut down rumors that the sex tape was leaked on purpose ugh, what is up with this trend of accusing women of leaking their own sex tapes? And it hurt my heart that anyone who was in my circle—whether it be [Stevie] or anybody else—it hurt my heart that that went out there.
Pamela Anderson and then-husband Tommy Lee's sex tape from their honeymoon ended up finding its way online after being stolen from their home by an electrician. Pamela sued nake distribution company, but ended up settling, and the tape continued to be available online as a result.
That pissed me off! Hogan famously sued Gawker Media for publishing the tape, which he said was filmed without his knowledge or consent sex years prior. The former presidential candidate found himself at the center of a scandal in when news of his affair with Rielle Hunter was leaked. In it was reported that a tape of them consummating their affair existed. The video was filmed around September or October ofduring Edwards' presidential campaign, according to The Daily Beast.
Hunter was estimated to have been four or five months tape with Edwards' child at the time of filming. Critics were particularly upset over the fact that Edwards' wife, Elizabeth Edwards, was battling cancer at the time. She passed away in The video shows the three celebrities naked and seemingly intoxicated in a hot tub, but stops short of featuring any actual sex.
Ina porn company called Red Light District tried to distribute a sex tape maake Kid Rock, Hape singer Scott Stapp, and an unidentified woman. Both men took legal action to prevent the tapee release, but Kid Rock opened up about the "fiasco" in a interview with Classic Rock :.
In tape, not long after Paris Hilton's sex tape left the world shook, Limp Bizkit frontman Fred Durst had a very private clip of his own leaked tape the internet. The musician ended up suing 10 websites for publishing the three-minute tape, which Durst and an ex-girlfriend filmed in Professional wrestlers Joan "Joanie" Laurer better known as Chyna and Sean Waltman aka X-Pac made a sex tape together when they were dating, which sex released in by the same company behind Paris Hilton's sex tape.
The name of Chyna and X-Pac's tape? While it's been reported that the couple shared in the tape's profits, Chyna maintains she never earned any money from it. Type keyword make to search. Today's Top Stories. Kim Kardashian and Ray J. KMazur Gape Images. Jean-Paul Aussenard Getty Images. David Klein Getty Images. Related Story. Advertisement - Continue Reading Below.
More From Celebrity. Sex and Harry's Wedding Photographer Details. Helena Bonham Carter's Advice for Meghan. Harry and Meghan's Special Thanksgiving Message.
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Pexels. 1. Before you have sex in front of a camera, ease into exhibitionism by having sex in front of a mirror. You could place it above your bed. How to make a professional-looking sex tape with your smartphone.
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 * @param _messageKey メッセージKey
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class ApplicationException(_messageKey: String, _paramKey: Seq[String]) extends RuntimeException {
  val messageKey: String = _messageKey
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub