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Q: How do you get the navbar toggle to work before 768px? I have been trying to figure this out all day. I am using a theme that a client wanted to use. I have replaced every mentioning of 767px and 768px with 1359px and 1360px (those are when I want the menu to collapse). I have added custom CSS. I can get the button to show up at 1359px, but it will not toggle the navigation.
Basically, the navbar toggle button does not work until I hit 767px. I do not want to know specific code I can use to fix this problem. All I want to know is where this is being set as 767px. How does the website know to change it at 767px when I have changed every mentioning of this number to 1359px. I have gone through every php file, js file, and css file on the server. I am foaming at the mouth. I think I am going to explode. I have checked EVERY solution here and elsewhere on the internet.
Is this something I need to change in javascript, in css, or in php, or in all of them?
I am using WordPress. I am looking for a general solution NOT CODE. As in, where is this being defined. What file do I need to edit in this godforsaken theme to get the menu to toggle at 1359.
Please help before my brains start oozing out of my ears.

A: Okay well I feel like an idiot..
To anyone else having a similar issue,
CLEAR YOUR BROWSER CACHE.
Upon inspecting in developer tools I realized the site was loading an older version of my bootstrap.min.css file rather than the file I updated with the new breakpoints.
Cleared the cache and everything worked as expected.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Aguazul es un municipio de  Colombia ubicado en el departamento de Casanare, distante a 27 km por tierra de la capital departamental, Yopal, y de Bogotá 361 km. Destaca por su importante producción arrocera, y porque en su territorio se encuentra el campo petrolero de Cupiagua, que lo han convertido en el municipio que recibe mayor cantidad de dinero por regalías petroleras en todo el país. Cuenta con 43 183 habitantes, de los cuales 32 910 residen en el casco urbano. Es el segundo municipio con mayor población en el departamento del Casanare, después de Yopal, su capital.

Toponimia

De acuerdo a la historia el nombre de Aguazul se debe a que "el río Únete, presentaba en proximidades del paraje un pozo grande color azul. Allí era el sitio de recreación de todas las edades, lavadero, pescadero y pozo de recoger agua en canecas, calabazas, ollas, etc., para el consumo humano e incluso animal y para regar las plantas. El primer nombre lo quiso dar el Capitán Villamizar Flórez en su nombre: "Puerto Villamizar"".

Sin embargo, también se tienen referencias de que en paralelo de Sevilla y sobre todo posterior a su destrucción, se intentó formar un municipio llamado Aguaclara (tal vez el primero nombre del hoy Aguazul).

Geografía

Descripción física

Aguazul se encuentra en las estribaciones de la Cordillera Oriental, en la zona de transición con las sabanas, el denominado piedemonte llanero, el cual comprende el borde este de dicha cordillera, y el límite oeste de la cuenca de los Llanos orientales. Cuenta con zonas de grandes pendientes y con zonas planas.
Cuenta con tres fuentes hídricas principales: los ríos Cusiana, Unete y Charte. Posee tres tipos de paisaje principal: montaña, piedemonte y sabana.

Límites del municipio

Limita al norte con los municipios de Pajarito (Boyacá) y Recetor (Casanare); al sur con Tauramena y Maní (Casanare); al oriente con la capital del departamento, Yopal, y al occidente con Tauramena y Recetor.

Otros datos

Extensión total: 1.455  km²

Extensión área urbana: 4,23 km²

Extensión área rural: 1.450,77 km²

Altitud de la cabecera municipal (metros sobre el nivel del mar): 300
Temperatura media: 27 °C

Distancia de referencia: 27 km a Yopal, capital del departamento de Casanare.

Economía local

Agricultura y ganadería

Los renglones más importantes de su economía son la ganadería extensiva y la agricultura, donde sobresale el cultivo del arroz, que lo distingue a nivel regional; sin embargo, por la variedad de sus suelos, en Aguazul también se cultiva plátano, yuca, palma de aceite, café, cacao y maíz. Esta misma variedad hace que Aguazul sea un territorio de progreso y crecimiento industrial.

Industria y comercio

Para la debida producción y comercialización de los productos, Aguazul cuenta con una importante infraestructura pública y privada y con excelentes relaciones comerciales regionales y naciones.

Casalac

La Empresa Agroindustrial Casanareña de Lácteos CASALAC, es una Empresa Industrial y Comercial, cuya finalidad es el procesamiento y venta de derivados lácteos y bebidas, con capacidad de procesar 25.000 litros de leche al día.

La empresa cuenta en la actualidad con 82 proveedores y produce 9.000 litros diarios de leche.

Casalac está ubicada en la Carrera 2 No. 4A - 20 Zona Industrial Barrio el Porvenir, Tel. 6383997 con Nit. 844.001.936-5.

" La Anterior administración (2016 - 2019) la cerró"

Planta procesadora de yuca

Esta planta recién ha iniciado su producción, tiene una capacidad de 100 toneladas de yuca por día y es una de las grandes inversiones de Aguazul, con la que busca fomentar la producción de materias primas en la región, para que la industria y el comercio se vuelva autosostenible y les permita la no dependencia de las regalías petroleras.

A su vez, esta prometedora industria ha sido cuestionada duramente, después de que el municipio de Aguazul invirtiera 6.653 millones de pesos en la construcción de la planta procesadora de yuca, se alega que es un proyecto sobredimensionado que no responde a las necesidades de la región y de la comunidad, y donde apenas hoy se empieza a cultivar este tubérculo con fines comerciales.

Centro Comercial "La Orquídea "

Con la bendición del obispo de la parroquia de Aguazul y entre aplausos y abrazos de los propietarios y demás habitantes, se inauguró el 2 de marzo de 2009 el centro comercial"LA ORQUIDEA". Siendo este, un gran esfuerzo que hizo la inversión privada, en esta nueva vitrina podrán encontrar variedad de productos y gamas en general.

Bonanza petrolera

Desde 1992 a Aguazul se le ha conocido como un municipio petrolero, debido a los campos de explotación de Cupiagua ubicados en su territorio, que lo han convertido en el municipio que recibe mayor cantidad de dinero por regalías petroleras en todo el país.

Gracias a estas regalías, en la parte urbana de Aguazul, Casanare, el municipio cuenta con un alto nivel de desarrollo. Este lugar enclavado en el piedemonte llanero, a media hora por carretera de Yopal, cuenta con una buena infraestructura. Cuenta con una buena red vial pavimentada que llega incluso a varias veredas. También cuenta con andenes construidos en gran parte del espacio público del municipio, muchos de ellos con ciclo rutas.

Según la Gobernación del departamento, toda la población tiene atención médica, aunque los pobladores se quejan del mal servicio. Los niños de Aguazul disfrutan la educación gratuita preescolar, primaria y secundaria, que atrae a familias de municipios circundantes. El alcantarillado cubre a un 84% del pueblo, y el acueducto, el 70%.

Pero este innegable bienestar que viene de los millonarios recursos de las regalías petroleras tiene lunares. Los de las obras consideradas por la comunidad como 'elefantes blancos', por ser inversiones mal planificadas. Los de la corrupción que hizo que muchos recursos se esfumaran. Y el de los paramilitares que, a fuerza de terror, dominaron por años el lugar. Aguazul fue, en relación con su población, el lugar con mayor criminalidad del país en 2000 y 2001.

Durante las últimas cuatro alcaldías, el municipio ha acumulado proyectos sobredimensionados. Como una planta procesadora de yuca para atender 100 toneladas diarias en una región donde apenas hoy se comienza a cultivar este tubérculo, o una planta lechera que puede recibir 25.000 litros de leche al día y que solo recibe 800. O como la pista de coleo más grande del mundo, que se utiliza un par de veces al año. A esto se suma que el matadero quedó a medio hacer, por estar en un lugar inapropiado; el palacio municipal se construyó sobre un manantial, por lo que vive inundado, y el patinódromo fue edificado sin las especificaciones requeridas.

El 30 de mayo de 2011 en un artículo del diario El Tiempo ("Diez obras de no mostrar con plata de las regalías") informaba así, entre otros, sobre el proyecto de la planta procesadora de yuca: "El municipio casanareño de Aguazul salió a relucir en su momento por proyectos sobredimensionados, como el de una planta para procesar yuca. Según la Auditoría (General), la procesadora se terminó hace 7 años, pero nunca se prendieron los equipos porque no había la materia prima: la yuca. La obra actualmente está en 'práctica de pruebas' y hace 2 años y 6 meses no hay actuación de control fiscal".

Turismo

Igualmente, el turismo se ha ido incrementando paulatinamente llegando así a ser un estilo de economía de muchos aguazuleños. Los lugares exóticos, los animales autóctonos y la seguridad son parte de una gran campaña utilizada por los aguazuleños para promover el turismo. Algunos lugares interesantes para conocer son "El Centro Recreacional y Hotel Campestre Lago Center", "Los Guaduales","centro de recreación y de vistas el mirador del valle", "Los Arucos" y "Balneario Valle Verde" que ofrecen servicios de hospedaje, piscinas, comida, y accesibilidad a Paisajes propios de la región además de gran cantidad de actividades para el entretenimiento de los visitantes.

Vías de acceso

Aéreas: El aeropuerto más cercano se encuentra a 30 minutos y está en la capital del departamento, Yopal; es el aeropuerto internacional categoría 8, El Alcaraván. Véase: Aeropuerto El Alcaraván

Terrestres: El municipio de Aguazul se encuentra en la región central del Casanare, en el cruce de caminos de la vía Marginal de la selva, la vía del Cusíana y el acceso a maní; de esta forma, por vía terrestre, desde Bogotá se puede acceder así:

BOGOTA - Villavicencio - Restrepo - Cumaral - Paratebueno - Barranca de Upía - Villanueva - Monterrey - El venado – AGUAZUL . Total del recorrido: 5-6 Horas

BOGOTA- El Sisga - Guateque - San Luis de Gaceno - Cruce Aguaclara - Monterrey - AGUAZUL.

BOGOTA - Tunja - Sogamoso - Pajarito - AGUAZUL. Total del recorrido: 6 horas

Sitios de interés y atractivos turísticos

Se cuenta con una gran oferta de sitios y atractivos turísticos para que el visitante los disfrute y haga un buen uso de ellos preservándolos para generaciones futuras.

Sitios naturales

 Laguna Del Tinije

Déjese enamorar por la maravillosa majestuosidad y biodiversidad natural, donde podrás admirar los ensoñadores atardeceres su flora y fauna que caracteriza la cultura llanera.

 Laguna De La Graciela

Otra de la maravillosa biodiversidad que se engala con las espectaculares sabanas y la riqueza ganadera que posee esta región.

 Los Farallones
Con el Acuerdo 006 del 17 de febrero de 1993, fue declarada Reserva y Patrimonio Ecológico y Cultural del municipio de Aguazul. De igual manera fue declarada como Área de Utilidad Pública e Interés Social, la zona que ocupan las montañas de los Farallones desde la periferia hasta 300 metros a la redonda.

 Santiago de las Atalayas
Con el Acuerdo 008 del 26 de febrero de 1993, fue declarada Reserva y Patrimonio Ecológico y Cultural del municipio de Aguazul. De igual manera, fue declarada como Área de Utilidad Pública e Interés Social, la zona que forma parte del Piedemonte Llanero en las márgenes del Río Chiquito

 Cerro De La Cruz y Cueva Achagua
Se puede disfrutar de una larga pero satisfactoria caminata ecológica para llegar a la cueva; este atractivo nos ofrece la mejor vista de la ciudad y el más bello espectáculo de los llanos orientales; pero si se es más arriesgado, se puede escalar y acortar el camino y después darse gusto de un buen descanso de hamaca, paseo a caballo y un buen plato típico de ternera a la llanera en uno de los maravillosos paradores turísticos.

Sitios de interés
 Monumento al coleo

Admira la maravillosa expresión artística que homenajea la cultura casanareña. Ubicado en la intersección de la avenida Román Roselli y la Marginal de la Selva, es una muestra del orgullo de ser llanero.

 Manga De Coleo "la Patona Del Llano

Indiscutiblemente es la mejor representación del Casanare donde los llaneros demuestran la habilidad en la práctica del deporte de los llanos orientales, el coleo.
Esta edificación ha traído tanta polémica como orgullo, en ella se invirtieron más de 15.000 millones de pesos y es la mayor manga de coleo del mundo.

Coliseo De Ferias

Situado al lado de la manga de coleo, este es dónde el llanero expone sus criaderos de ganado vacuno para explotar un mercado que exige calidad; Es por eso que se le reconoce por exportar ganado en pie que proporciona una carne de excelente contextura, color y sabor que se disfruta a nivel nacional.

Festividades y eventos

Festival y reinado nacional del arroz: El primer festival se realizó en 1987, objetivo primordial;0 promocionar el turismo, se realizan desfiles de carrozas y exposición de platos cuyo contenido básico es el arroz.

Festival del alma sabanera: Se llevan a cabo concursos de baile: joropo, instrumentos (arpa, cuatro, maracas); de pasaje: voz recia, poemas, contrapunteo, se cuenta con participantes de Venezuela, se realizan concursos de toreo y coleo.

Clásica Ciudad De Aguazul: El municipio de Aguazul en el departamento del Casanare se ha convertido en los últimos años en paso obligado del pelotón nacional, donde año a año se realiza la Clásica Nacional Ciudad de Aguazul, que ya lleva más de 30 años de historia. El evento se realiza sobre la segunda semana del mes de octubre de cada año y ha servido como antesala al Clásico RCN. La organización la tiene el Club Ciclo Aguazul, que realiza este evento con el ánimo de congregar a los amantes del ciclismo de las categorías infantil, pre juvenil, juvenil, damas, elite y sub 23: La organización convoca a las escuelas, clubes, ligas y equipos de marca nacional e internacional, para que participen en este magno evento donde cuenta con una excelente premiación que asciende a más de $20.000.000 para todas las categorías.

Demografía y población

El municipio de Aguazul, como algunos otros del departamento del Casanare, fue anfitrión unos de los crecimientos poblacionales más grandes que actualmente hay en el país, esto debido a la bonanza petrolera que atrajo una gran cantidad de forasteros y visitantes que duplicaron su población.

Este crecimiento poblacional se ve reflejado claramente en cifras cuando pasó en 1993 según censo nacional de tener 16.406 habitantes al año 2005 a tener 34.443 habitantes, es decir, en menos de 15 años ha tenido un crecimiento de más de 260 %, y actualmente con 69.551 habitantes su crecimiento en menos de 20 años es de más de 300 %, cifra que supera cualquier promedio nacional.

Según cifras del DANE, Del total de la población de AGUAZUL el 50,9% son hombres y el 49,1% mujeres.

Personajes culturales

Frank Ramírez. Primer actor de la televisión Colombiana nació en Aguazul en el año 1939.

Historia

Aunque Aguazul es un municipio reciente, con apenas un poco más de 60 años de fundación, este ha sido el fruto del trabajo, la lucha contra la violencia y el progreso.

Sobre los territorios del actual municipio de Aguazul, nació en 1588 la primera capital de la provincia de Casanare, Santiago de las Atalayas.

La última fundación de Aguazul, se realizó en 1953, luego de dos fundaciones, una con el nombre de Zapatosa, que desapareció en la violencia de los años 50, hecho que dio vida a la segunda, Sevilla, que de igual forma corrió con la misma suerte. En 1959 el poblado alcanzó la categoría de municipio.

Santiago de Las Atalayas

Fue el resultado de una expedición privada, concedida por la Real Audiencia de Santafé Capital a Pedro Daza Mexia, vecino de la ciudad de Tunja, descendiente de los conquistadores que acompañaron al adelantado Gonzalo Jiménez De Quesada, a adentrar a tierra firme. Empresa que partió de la ciudad de Tunja, a comienzos del año de 1585, su rumbo fue yéndose por el costado oriental, descendieron la cordillera para arribar a la llanura por el sitio de donde el río Cusiana rompe el llano, punto geográfico hoy conocido como el Alto de los Farallones.

Al llegar a la región del piedemonte llanero y aplicando las leyes instituidas por la corona en tierras nuevas, fundó dos ciudades, urbes primeras erigidas en los llanos de Casanare. La primera de ellas que tituló Medina de las Torres, fundándola en el año de 1585; siguiendo este mismo margen geográfico avanzó hacia el nororiente, en donde fundó cerca al río denominado de Aguamena (hoy Río Chiquito), la ciudad de Santiago de las Atalayas, el 29 de septiembre de 1588, siendo su objetivo primario el de convertirse en una ciudad fortaleza para poder atalayar las riquezas del Dorado.
Por designios de la corona, su fundador crea una ciudad compacta, homogénea, con directrices claras; viéndose en la necesidad para ello, de adecuar esa realidad y espacio circundante que tildaron de amorfo e inerte.

La ciudad fue localizada en una provincia habitada por los naturales de origen Achagua y Cusiana, quienes desde un inicio presentaron gran resistencia a este experimento de incorporarlos paulatinamente al proceso de mestizaje cultural. La primera manifestación del choque cultural en vida de la ciudad fue la muerte de su fundador y la primera destrucción de la ciudad.

Al dividirse la región natural de los Llanos en dos entes administrativos independientes, llamados provincias; siendo denominada la parte más alta de los Llanos con división natural el curso del Río Meta; la provincia de los Llanos de Casanare, denominada en un principio con el calificativo de provincia de los Llanos de Santiago, designación concomitante por su primera capital la ciudad de Santiago y que da inicio a la nueva vida política de los Llanos. La decisión de la corona de asignar a la ciudad de Santiago como de provincia, tiene unas claras razones: una de ellas, la razón histórica de su desarrollo, consecuencia del desempeño de su apoderado. Don Adrián Vargas, asignación hecha por la Real Audiencia como pago de merced y dado en capitulación por servicios prestados, quién incentivó, repobló y reedificó la ciudad; dando muestras de eficiencia, rendimiento y aumentó de divisas a la Hacienda Real.

Otra razón fue, la de ser necesidad obligatoria del gobierno del reino, el conocer que podría crearse una división jurídico-administrativa más racional y de mayor beneficio para la corona, hecho que solucionó el gobierno central, sancionando esta redistribución de la provincia de los Llanos, ubicando como sede de gobierno provincial de lo que denominaron Llanos de Casanare a la ciudad de Santiago, única ciudad hispana de este sector y que mostraba gran adelanto.

Esta necesidad de la corona se reflejó en que no fue únicamente cabeza de gobierno en lo civil, sino que a la vez los jerarcas eclesiásticos del reino, considerando la premura de una mejor administración religiosa crearon misiones en los Llanos y designaron la ciudad como vanguardia evangelizadora.

De las principales órdenes religiosas con vínculos en la capital estuvo la de los padres jesuitas y los padres agustinianos recoletos, que llegaron en el año 1662. Los alcances de esta órdenes en tierras del Llano fueron de gran trascendencia gracias a la administración eficiente y rentable, con base en la instauración de grandes haciendas de ganado, motor generador de las empresas evangelizadoras y por consiguiente del mantenimiento de los innumerables curatos y doctrinas que fundaron y regentaron.

El desenlace histórico-social de la provincia de Casanare, con cabeza de gobierno la ciudad de Santiago, transcurrió en más de la mitad de la vida colonial y se caracterizó por ser la época de mayor florecimiento y desarrollo de la provincia en el periodo colonial. Ya después, la provincia entra en un descenso vertiginoso que se manifestó en la crisis virulenta que traía encima el sistema colonial español, luego llegaron los periodos pre y pos emancipadores con gran peso y descalabro para la región, señalándose el lento crecimiento y la decadencia de las ciudades antiguas como estaba ocurriendo con Santiago de las Atalajas, Pore y Chire que vivían urja situación de gran pobreza.

En Santiago de las Atalayas, cuyos habitantes también se empeñaron en buscar una situación más favorable para su población, localizada en las riveras del río Aguamena, en la parte de una montaña que impedía el paso de los vientos, con un clima húmedo y malsano que provocaba continuas enfermedades en sus habitantes. El gobernador Domínguez de Téjada, pronosticó que si no se cambiaba de lugar esta población se extinguiría; con el entusiasmo de algunos habitantes se trasladó dicha ciudad a un sitio llamado Chitamena al otra lado del río Cusiana, cuyos trabajos de construcción se adelantaron en agosto de 1778 (AGÑ: Poblaciones de Boyacá, Vol. 2, fi. 671).

En adelante Santiago de las Atalayas vivió un permanente litigio discutiendo si volvían al mismo sitio o si se resignaban a seguir a orillas del río Chitamena. Esta ciudad continua en franco deterioro, hasta llegar a extinguirse entre la segunda y tercera década del , y luego desaparecer de los mapas de Casanare.

Zapatosa y Sevilla

Los habitantes nativos y colonos que dejaron a Santiago de las Atalayas, emprendieron el camino siguiendo el cauce del río Unete y fundaron como cabecera municipal un nuevo caserío, al que llamaron SAN MIGUEL DE ZAPATOSA, hoy MONTERRALO. Su mayor auge lo alcanzó en 1920...

Algunos vecinos continuaron su trabajo en este sitio y otros emigraron a SEVILLA, pero continuando ZAPATOSA con la importancia de cabecera municipal. Los vecinos que dejaron a ZAPATOSA se instalaron en la parte elevada del río Unete, en el corregimiento de Sevilla donde poco a poco fueron apareciendo otras construcciones rudimentarias. Abandonaron así definitivamente a Zapatosa y le dieron vida al nuevo poblado, el cual fue denominado SEVILLA.

Con la época de la violencia de 1948, muchos no quisieron volver a Sevilla porque con ella quedaban solo cenizas. Otros ya se habían instalado en el sitio de El Sural, Aguazul a donde llegaba ya la carretera del Cusiana. La violencia más dura se vivió en esta ciudad...
La destrucción de Sevilla impulsó el poblamiento de Aguazul por gentes de allí mismo y de otras partes de la región y del país. No hubo traslado oficial de Sevilla a Aguazul, antes de 1951 en el paraje ya existían varias habitaciones que daban la impresión de una simple proyección de Sevilla, hacia la margen izquierda del Río Unete...

La Violencia
Durante la época de La Violencia, el municipio de Sevilla (hoy Aguazul), así como la mayoría de Casanare fue un área controlada por las guerrillas liberales. El llano, en general, fue el fortín político y militar de estos grupos que declararon independiente la zona mediante la expedición de la Constitución de Vega Perdida.

La ciudad fue destruida por bombardeos de la Fuerza Área ordenados por el Gobierno Nacional y volvió a fundarse cruzando el río Unete, en cuyas orillas se encontraba.

Aguazul

A través del decreto No. 295 de 1954, firmado por el entonces Gobernador de Boyacá, Alonso Tarazona, se dio vida municipal, junto con su designación de Aguazul, decreto que se ratificó nuevamente en abril de 1956.

Fecha de fundación: 5 de abril de 1954

Nombre de los fundador (es) : Carlos Vargas, Luis González Rey, Próspero Pérez,José Antonio Pérez, Marcos Pérez, Zalatiel Pérez, Julio Fuentes, Carmelo Niño Socha, Ambrosio Niño Socha, Ana Victoria Eslava, Fermín Silva, Antonio Bernal Pinzón, Arsenio Amezquita, Pastora Arias, Jorge Barrera, Cristina Barrera, Juan Forero, Angélica gaviria, Luis Enrique Forero, Manuel Arias y su esposa Blanca Vargas, ...

Conflicto armado

En el año 1991 fue asesinado Luis María Jiménez (El Patón) el primer alcalde por elección popular y uno de los mejores alcaldes del municipio de Aguazul, reconocido por su don de gente y servicio a la comunidad. En honor a su memoria existen los barrios Luis María Jiménez en Yopal capital del departamento de Casanare y en el municipio de Aguazul; igualmente se le dio el nombre al instituto educativo Luis María Jiménez del centro poblado de San José del Bubuy y a la manga de coleo del mismo, al palacio municipal y una vía principal del mismo municipio.

Desde la fundación de Aguazul, este territorio había contado con presencia de grupos al margen de la ley, guerrillas y delincuencia común, sin embargo, no fue sino hasta los años 90, provocado por la bonanza petrolera y las regalías que esto trajo que la inseguridad y la violencia se disparó a su punto más crítico.

Este guerra por el control del territorio y el manejo de las regalías tuvo un flagrante atentado contra la paz, la seguridad y la democracia, cuando el alcalde de Aguazul (el municipio más favorecido por las regalías del Cusiana), Juan Hernando Urrego, fue asesinado por presuntos guerrilleros del Eln.

Considerado el mejor alcalde de Casanare en ese tiempo, Juan Hernando Urrego Cristancho, de 33 años, médico cirujano de la Universidad Nacional, quien había llegado a la Alcaldía de Aguazul por el Movimiento Cívico Independiente y había encabezado la defensa del proyecto del Fondo de Regalías, fue asesinado el 19 de diciembre de 1993, a las 4:40 de la tarde, cuando regresaba de inaugurar una escuela en la vereda Bellavista, a 30 kilómetros del casco urbano de Aguazul.

A esta fecha ya se sentía el miedo en el Casanare, durante el periodo 1995-1998 este territorio fue zona de intensos combates y escenario de continuos asesinatos perpetrados por grupos paramilitares que lograron eliminar la presencia guerrillera en el municipio, excepto por la región montañosa.

Fue tanta la violencia que en años posteriores el municipio ganó el tristemente célebre título de ser el municipio más violento de Colombia, ya que Aguazul fue, en relación con su población, el lugar con mayor criminalidad del país en 2000 y 2001.

Quienes vivían en Aguazul entre 2003 y 2004 estaban expuestos a ser asesinados. A cualquier hora, integrantes de las Autodefensas Campesinas del Casanare -Acc- llegaban a billares, estaderos, plazas de mercado e incluso asaltaban vehículos para raptar a sus víctimas. Todas eran señaladas de colaborar presuntamente con la guerrilla o con el Bloque Centauros de las Autodefensas, con quien tenían una pelea casada por el territorio.

Así lo contó el que fue jefe de sicarios de las Autodefensas Campesinas del Casanare, José Reinaldo Cárdenas Vargas, alias Coplero, en una versión libre de Justicia y Paz, en la que relató cómo sus hombres asesinaron a cientos de personas inocentes, sin saber si eran o no guerrilleros o informantes del Bloque Centauros.

"No tenía certeza de esos señalamientos. Yo sólo cumplía órdenes", dijo alias 'Coplero', en la versión en la que aceptó 16 crímenes.

Las dos personas que le ordenaban asesinar a personas en esa población del Casanare eran Luis Eduardo Linares Vargas, alias 'HK', segundo al mando de las Acc después de 'Martín Llanos' y señalado por 'Coplero' de elaborar los listados de las víctimas. "Él sabía hasta cuando uno se tomaba una cerveza. Tenía informantes entre los ganaderos, taxistas y arroceros". Y Josué Darío Orjuela, alias 'Solín', el jefe de las urbanas de las Acc y quien tenía más contacto con 'Coplero'.

Los asesinatos y desapariciones en Aguazul cumplían un patrón: 'HK' o 'Solín' elaboraban las listas de víctimas, se la entregaban a 'Coplero' y este, a su vez, ordenaba las retenciones a sus subalternos: alias 'Chocolate', 'Toro', 'Malasombra', 'Camargo', 'Tribilín', 'Chíspiro', 'Menudencias', 'Polocho', 'Pintado', 'Gavilán' o 'Candela'. Las víctimas eran llevadas a fincas, interrogadas por varios días, y luego asesinadas y enterradas en fosas.

La presencia paramilitar de las Autodefensas Campesinas de Casanare, cuya base de operaciones se encontraba en los municipios aledaños de Villanueva y Monterrey, se mantuvo por seis años, posteriormente fueron erradicados de la zona por las Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia AUC, causando la muerte a más de 3.000 personas.

De 1995 al 2008 Los alcaldes habían recibido más de 600.000 millones de pesos, producto de las regalías petroleras y los organismos de control investigaban varios casos de posible mal manejo de esos recursos. Es tal la desconfianza, que por casi un año el gobierno nacional suspendió el giro de las regalías. Y como si fuera poco, existió la duda de si la Alcaldía de Leonel Torres entregó a los paramilitares parte de los 247.000 millones que han estado a su cargo. Los temores se sustentan en testimonios de hombres de confianza del cabecilla Martín Llanos, quien controlaba esta zona y que fue sacado de la región en 2005 tras perder una cruenta guerra con otro grupo paramilitar.

La declaración que más compromete a Torres proviene de alias 'Salomón', quien asegura que Torres era "como de la familia y de la nómina paramilitar". Además, Salomón reveló pactos firmados por cinco alcaldes de la zona en los que se comprometieron a entregar hasta el 50 por ciento de los dineros recibidos. En Aguazul los pobladores no se atreven a hacer señalamientos tan contundentes, pero sí destacan que en este período no se han visto las inversiones de otros tiempos.

El Alcalde fue enfático en decir que no tuvo relación alguna con el grupo ilegal, y asegura que en su administración no ha habido corrupción. Explica que sus inversiones se concentran más en lo social que en obras de cemento.

Que el alcalde sea tan enfático al negar cualquier relación con los paras produce aún más inquietud sobre lo que pasó. ¿Era posible administrar el pueblo más rico en regalías de Colombia, en plena zona paramilitar, sin tener alguna clase de concesión con éstos? ¿Cómo toda la comunidad sufrió esta influencia, como el mismo ex -Alcalde reconoce, sin que tocara su administración?

Después de esto, Aguazul cayó en una época de congelamiento y ansiedad, ya que el siguiente alcalde, el señor José Mauricio Jiménez Pérez, más conocido como "El Patón" fue arrestado la noche del 11 de octubre de 2008 por presuntos nexos con paramilitares; Pero al alcalde no se le investiga por su actual administración que debería extenderse hasta 2011, sino por la que ejerció entre los años 2001 y 2003.

La investigación se adelantó en contra del alcalde ya que para la Fiscalía es evidente que tuvo una íntima alianza con el grupo de Autodefensas Campesinas del Casanare comandadas por Héctor Germán Buitrago, alias Martín Llanos, que se convirtió en una "bien definida empresa criminal" que pudo haber conducido a la desaparición forzada de unas 1.500 personas, al reclutamiento de menores y adultos para los paramilitares y a secuestros, homicidios y extorsiones.

Referencias
 http://www.municipios.com.co/casanare/aguazul

Municipios de Casanare

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Intelligence Law School - Course 1: Lesson 4.1.3 What is a Statute?
Well, statutes are laws enacted by the legislative branch of government.
Ø Clarification: Congressional Statutes vs. Administrative Regulations: "Legislative rules" or "regulations" promulgated by agencies are also sometimes lumped together with congressional enactments under the rubric of "statutes" or "statutory law," but this is imprecise.
o Administrative law is a separate topic that is very important to U.S. intelligence law, so I'm going to keep congressional statutes and administrative regulations separate.
o I'll be talking about agency rules in the next section when we get to administrative law.
o For now, when I talk about "statutory law" I'm talking only about statutes enacted by Congress.
As I just mentioned in the last lesson, Article I of the Constitution vests Congress with the legislative power of the United States.
Congress is the only branch of government with the general constitutional authority to create new law.
The blackletter laws passed by Congress are statutes.
Ø Category 1, constitutional law is the most powerful but the smallest category of law in U.S. intelligence law.
o The text of the Constitution is only 20 pages or so, or about 7000 words total.
o The number of pages of judicial opinions interpreting it is much larger, but only the holdings of those opinions represent "law."
o It's a lot of law, but not nearly as much as our current category.
Ø Category 2, statutory law, is the second most powerful category of law, and it is much more plentiful than constitutional law.
o The U.S. Code comprises tens of thousands of pages of codified statutes.
Ø Category 3, administrative law, is the third and final category of law.
o It is the least powerful but the most plentiful.
o We'll be talking about all the different types of administrative rules in the next lesson—Lesson 5.
It is perhaps the most important area of law for practical purposes because it creates all federal agencies and defines all of their powers as well as the powers of their leadership.
The legal force of all administrative law must derive from some form of statutory authority given by Congress to the agency or its top officials.
 See 73 Am. Jur. 2d Statutes § 1 (2008).
 Legislative rules or regulations are administrative rules created by an agency pursuant to a delegation of lawmaking authority by Congress and promulgated according to applicable statutory procedures. Regulations are sometimes referred to as "statutes" because, like Congressional statutes, they are blackletter statements of legal rules that carry the full force and effect of law and are created by administrative agencies when acting in a legislative capacity.


On a lonely stretch of road north of Prosser, Washington, at the "base" of a small incline, if you shift your car into neutral you will, as if by magic, begin rolling uphill.
In these "mystery spots"—located all over the world—what appears to be an uphill incline is actually part of a larger downhill incline, misinterpreted by our brains because of the way the slopes are situated mixed with little or no view of the horizon line. So it looks as if objects are defying gravity, a natural illusion that's been tricking and wowing onlookers at these curious spots for centuries.
Finding Washington's Gravity Hill is no easy feat, but you'll know for sure when you've found it—some lover of the strange was kind enough to paint a starting line.
This gravity-defying road is not easy to find. Located on a stretch of North Crosby Road about 10-15 miles north of Prosser, the road's just down the street from an old (allegedly haunted) grain elevator. Luckily, there's a start line painted on the pavement so you'll know where to park your car to begin.


text:
Mike Gallagher Radio Show Hour 1 – 5/22/2009
Mike Gallagher Hightlight Show – We revisit one of Mike classic encounters with FOX News' Chris Wallace.
Thu, May 21, 2009
President Obama suffers a rare defeat, when the Senate voted against closing Gitmo.
President Obama suffers a rare defeat, when the Senate voted against closing Gitmo. Mike digs into the controversial outcome of this year's American Idol.
Mike talks to Rob Schlein of the Log Cabin Republicans.
Mike looks at the obsessive world of texting.
A parent is on the run from the law after defying a court order, and refusing to allow her cancer-stricken son to receive chemotherapy.
Is the era of the American newspaper coming to an end? Also, Mike refutes the idea that the GOP is on the decline.
Tue, May 19, 2009
Kevin Wall sits in for Mike today. Kevin considers the ghoulish Farrah Fawcett documentary.
Kevin Wall sits in for Mike today. Kevin welcomes Aaron Klein, World Net Daily's Jerusalem bureau chief, to discuss Obama's meetings this week with Iraeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.
Kevin Wall sits in for Mike today. Kevin debates whether the GOP must moderate to survive.
Mon, May 18, 2009
Mike considers Gov. Sarah Palin's role in the future of the Republican Party.
Mike brings you the voices of the opposition to the President's speech at Notre Dame.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
This two track release is unique in many ways. First, Andy Shardlow from The King's Pistol features as guest bassist on both tracks. Andy has guested on tracks for a split EP before with Saint Karloff and is a fan favourite bass player. Having him on this Devil's Witches release is a great inclusion. Also, the opening title track 'Guns, Drugs & Filthy Pictures' introduces another new guest in the form of lead guitar player Daniel Jones. Daniel is known online as East London Blues and famously did a much-loved cover version of the Devil's Witches track 'Motorpsycho'. Having Daniel appear on an official release will be a real treat for fans. His guitar work brings a fantastic new vibe to the band. This being his debut release with Devil's Witches, it is sure to become a collector's item. Lastly the track 'Cross My Path, I'll Cross Your Face' marks a style shift from stoner doom rock to full-on dark Country music for Devil's Witches, complete with trotting acoustic guitar, slide guitar and Hank Marvin twang. It sits in a world between Kriss Kristofferson, Johnny Cash and contemporary singer songwriter. This will be a completely unexpected genre shift and will be marked by RSD. The track is an old west fictional narrative based on an event affecting the lead performer's friend. She was stabbed outside of her house and robbed. It takes inspiration from the Clint Eastwood movie 'Unforgiven' and brings it together with the reality of knife crime in Britain and cathartic fantasy justice. It is sure to be the most special aspect of this UK RSD release.
Label: MAJESTIC MOUNTAIN
Guns Drugs And Filthy Pictures (10in)
Artist: Devils Witches
1. Guns, Drugs ; Filthy Pictures
2. Cross My Path, I'll Cross Your Face


Waiting Bet A waiting bet is a bet that is being processed and is subject to acceptance by SBOBET. A waiting bet occurs in live betting where your bet is not accepted immediately once you confirm it. Instead, there is a slight delay during the processing of your live bet where the bet is kept as a waiting bet.
WAP SBOBET WAP mobile service allows you to access SBOBET's services using your mobile phone. Using SBOBET WAP, you can check the events offered by SBOBET, place bets easily, and view your account balances and statement at anywhere and anytime using your mobile phone.


text:
1721 DUNDAS ST EAST, Mississauga, ON, L4X1L5
Mon - Thu 10:00am - 7:00pm
Fri 10:00am - 6:00pm
Mississauga Inventory
London Inventory
allapproved.ca
wewantyourcar.ca
Canada's push for ZEVs is real
The federal budget 2019, announced in February by the Minister of Finance Bill Morneau reveals a strong push towards a more electrified future in Canada.
On March 29, the Government of Canada delved into a deeper discussion about their plan to build a "clean economy," indicating that the budget is making significant investments towards that goal by, for example, expanding the network of zero-emission vehicle charging and refuelling stations. And also by creating new incentives for both consumers and businesses to purchase ZEVs.
"Starting this year, it is no longer free to pollute anywhere in Canada. Our clean growth and climate action plan is expected to result in the biggest drop in carbon pollution in the history of Canada's emissions reporting - while creating more good, well-paying jobs in the clean economy and making life more affordable for Canadians," said Catherine McKenna, Minister of Environment and Climate Change.
The budget also allocates funds to lowering the cost of energy by boosting energy efficiency in residential, commercial and multi-unit buildings.
New infrastructure is also meant to create cleaner communities. This goal will be topped-up through a major municipal infrastructure investment to help communities fund their own infrastructure projects.
The government also aims to work with provinces and territories to develop a framework for a more electric future that not only focuses on urban areas, but rural and remote communities as well.
Another goal is to phase out coal-fired electricity by 2030, and funds in the budget aim to help these workers and communities "find and act on new opportunities" through skills training and business diversification.
The Government of Canada wants to reach a new-vehicle sales target of 100 per cent ZEVs by 2040. The goal is to reach 10 per cent sales by 2025, and 30 per cent sales by 2030. The federal budget clearly indicates that this is an important target that the government will strive to reach.
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If you have an electronic air cleaner in your home, you're probably enjoying clean indoor air with less dust, pollen, pet dander and various micro-organisms that are found in the indoor air of many homes. However, it's important to maintain your air cleaner by cleaning it periodically. This will help prolong the life of your unit and ensure that it continues to do its important job of cleaning your indoor air efficiently.
Whether you have a room air cleaner or a whole-house air purifier system, you should always follow the manual that came with your unit when doing maintenance tasks, including cleaning. If you're unable to locate your manual, try looking on the Internet to find an online manual.
To clean your electronic air purifier, the collector plates will need to be washed thoroughly. Your manual will help you locate the collector plates in your electronic air cleaner. Follow the manufacturer's instructions and slide out the plates. Wash them as best as you can and then allow them to dry. Put them back into place and you're done.
This act of cleaning out the collector plates might sound like a simple task, but doing it every three months will help your air cleaner maintain its operating performance. Collector plates can collect dust and other particles and buildup. This will clog the unit and in a whole-house system, force the central air fan to work harder, which uses up more energy. Maintaining your air cleaner will reduce its energy load and increase its efficiency.
If you or other people living in your home have respiratory issues or allergies, it's important to clean out the collector plates at least every three months to ensure that your indoor air continues to be clean and free of allergens. Clearing out the collector plates is an easy task that shouldn't take more than a half hour.
For more information about electronic air cleaners or maintenance, please contact the experts at Paschal Heat, Air & Geothermal. We proudly serve homeowners in northwest Arkansas.
Our goal is to help educate our customers in Northwest Arkansas about energy and home comfort issues (specific to HVAC systems). For more information about air cleaners and other HVAC topics, download our free Home Comfort Resource guide.


Urban Adventures is giving away 2.5 million dollars worth of "Locals on Tap" tours.
Part travellers' meet-up, part info session, part walking tour — and happening all around the globe.
15% – 35% off 190+ tours.
Click HERE to browse what's on offer.
Be quick though. These discounts are one-off deals that can disappear at any time.
Skip the crazy crowds and get set for an adventure with this hassle-free deal. Visit the LONELY PLANET Shop and get two travel goodies for the price of one. Choose from guides, gifts, kids books and more. Use discount code ONE4FREE on checkout.
Pimsleur Language Programs– world leader – over 25 million satisfied customers.
Adding even more value to members joining the community.
Use Code: BLACKFRIDAY25 on checkout.
Wiggle are running their annual Black Friday sales extravaganza with a special deal every day right through to Monday 28th November.
Click HERE to access today's incredible deal in Australia.
Click HERE for the rest of the world.
[two_column_block style="undefined"] [content1] [/content1] [content2]Wiggle are running their annual Black Friday sales extravaganza with a special deal every day right through to Monday 28th November.
Click HERE to access today's incredible deal in Australia.
Click HERE  for the rest of the world.
Valid from 24 – 28 November 2016.


text:
Freak You – The Last Track (Feat. Charlie Dales)
Antibes based Freak You made their TMD debut back in December with what, in retrospect, was one of my favorite tracks of 2013. It seems we caught only the tail end of their six-year run, as The Last Track proves to be more than just a name of their new single. This is quite literally the group's last song ever recorded. But have no fear! As expressed in the farewell letter below, its a look into what we can expect from their next project LOFRAMES. What a way to go out!
Dear friends, fans and VIPs, since six years i tried to give you some lush with my music and it was an outstanding journey. i'm still thrilled for the support yall gave to me. This will be my last track as Freak You and it's a special one, it represents what i've always wanted to do and i wish you'll feel that way. I was lucky enough to work with the amazing french singer Charlie Dales (charliegolightly @ gmail). Freak You is now over to reborn with a new project called LOFRAMES in collaboration with the amazing talent James Yuill. An superb LP is on its way, all will be revealed in few months, hold tight, the time goes fast
ElectroFreak You


SUN Semisextile-30 degrees MARS with an error of 2.62 degrees.
SUN -135 degrees SATURN with an error of 2.03 degrees.
MOON Semisextile-30 degrees MARS with an error of 1.66 degrees.
MOON -135 degrees JUPITER with an error of .95 degrees.
MOON Trine-120 degrees NEPTUNE with an error of .34 degrees.
MERCURY Conjunct-0 degrees VENUS with an error of 2.77 degrees.
MERCURY Semisextile-30 degrees PLUTO with an error of 2.56 degrees.
VENUS Semisquare-45 degrees MARS with an error of 1.77 degrees.
VENUS Sesquiquadrate-150 degrees SATURN with an error of 2.87 degrees.
MARS Square-90 degrees NEPTUNE with an error of 1.32 degrees.
JUPITER Sextile-60 degrees URANUS with an error of 2.34 degrees.
SATURN Opposite-180 degrees PLUTO with an error of 2.46 degrees.
MOON Contra-Parallel-180 degrees PLUTO with an error of .87 degrees.
SATURN Parallel-0 degrees URANUS with an error of .26 degrees.
URANUS Contra-Parallel-180 degrees NEPTUNE with an error of 1.2 degrees.


Our head chef has created Festive menus for the Christmas celebrations that will truly live up to your expectations, albeit for a party of one hundred or an intimate meal for two.
We strongly advise early booking to avoid disappointment. A telephone call will secure a provisional reservation.
Yuletide has always been a time of friendship and hospitality and we sincerely hope that you will give us the opportunity to help these annual festivities memorable and special.


Essential oils are so much more than a smell. Essential oils have aroma-therapeutic properties to help us balance life and to promote wellness. Essential oils are not used to treat but to build our body systems up so when something comes our way we have our wellness to rely on. Here are some of the essential oils available through Young Living. To learn more about the Young Living Difference and why quality essential oils really matter click here. Learn more about each individual oils below.
Page last modified on June 21st, 2017	by MaryBeth Pickering	.


text:
https://apnews.com/article/congress-don-young-alaska-anchorage-government-and-politics-0c28bc677a967088584e972b54ef989d
Don Young
Alaska Natives fete their 1st Congress member, Mary Peltola
By MARK THIESSENOctober 20, 2022 GMT
U.S. Rep. Mary Peltola, left, an Alaska Democrat, poses for a selfie with Evelyn Karmun of Nome at the Alaska Federation of Natives conference in Anchorage, Alaska, on Thursday, Oct. 20, 2022. Peltola won a special election to succeed Don Young, who held the seat for 49 years until his death in March. Peltola is the first Alaska Native to serve in Congress. (AP Photo/Mark Thiessen)
ANCHORAGE, Alaska (AP) — U.S. Rep. Mary Peltola, the first Alaska Native to serve in Congress, received a hero's welcome Thursday when the Democrat gave the keynote address at the Alaska Federation of Natives conference in Anchorage.
Those attending the largest annual gathering of Natives in Alaska showered her with standing ovations, spontaneous songs and gifts, including a bolo tie worn by her Republican predecessor, the late Don Young.
Young's daughter Joni Nelson presented the tie to Peltola, saying it was a passing of the mantle to her. The surprise presentation came after Young's adult children joined Peltola on stage as she paid tribute to Young, who held Alaska's sole seat in the House for 49 years until his death in March.
Peltola defeated Republicans Sarah Palin and Nick Begich in an August special election to finish out Young's term. Those three, along with Libertarian Chris Bye, are competing for a full two-year term in the November election.
Another of Young's daughters, Dawn Vallely, later said on stage that her father would have been happy with the results of the special election, won by Peltola.
Nelson wore the white beaded tie — which features the state of Alaska in blue beads — onstage but removed it to place it around Peltola's neck when she greeted the family.
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Brazil's Bolsonaro applies for 6-month U.S. visitor visa
"Oh, my gosh, this means the world to me," Peltola told The Associated Press about receiving Young's signature bolo tie.
"I ran on continuing the legacy of Don," she said. "I really think that we would not be the state that we are without his leadership and the service that he provided for 49 years, and I want to keep that going."
Another emotional moment came when a group of delegates to the convention spontaneously broke into song for her. When they finished, another group began singing, followed by a third group in the cavernous downtown Anchorage convention center.
Peltola, who is Yup'ik, said the songs were significant because they contained "all their prayers, and their songs of strength, faith, love, hope, unity and wisdom."
In lighter moments, several delegates to the convention posed for selfies with Peltola.
Associated Press reporter Becky Bohrer in Juneau, Alaska, contributed to this report.


With fewer and fewer players, golf courses public and private are closing or are forced to find new revenue sources to break even.
Golf courses in Colorado and Minnesota are promoting cross-country skiing on their fairways to earn cash in their offseasons. Business deals are now more common on high-end bicycles than on the greens, according to the New York Times. And a shuttered Michigan championship course will soon produce rounds of beer instead of golf — a farmer is planting the course in hops.
Even Tiger Woods is in a slump.
"It's hard times in golf," said Lavon Simmons, 67, as he loaded his clubs into a car after a recent round at Rogers Park Golf Course, one of three city-owned courses in Tampa that have collectively lost $3.5 million since 2009. "It's a real shame because it's a great sport."
Like a weekend hacker with a bad slice, the golf industry both locally and nationally is in deep rough. Tough economic times, coupled with a glut of golf courses, have produced losses for the industry for much of the past decade, industry people say. In that time, the game has lost 5 million players, according to industry figures.
The 462 million rounds played in 2013 is the lowest since 1995's 441 million and down from the peak of 492 million in 2000-01, according to Golf Datatech.
The trend is seen throughout Tampa Bay.
The Cheval Golf and Country Club in Lutz is in bankruptcy. Pinellas County closed its Airco Golf Course in Clearwater in 2011 after mounting losses. The Plantation Palms Golf Club and its 11,000-square-foot clubhouse in Land O'Lakes closed last year. The Temple Terrace Golf and Country Club, located on city land, is struggling with solvency and is more than $100,000 behind in lease payments and reimbursements to the city.
That is just a partial listing of troubled courses.
The thousands of fans attending the Valspar Championship at the Innisbrook Resort and Golf Club in Palm Harbor that opened Thursday and continues through Sunday may provide evidence professional golf is healthier than the game in general.
"For the professional player, golf has never been better," said Rick Lucas, director of Clemson University's PGA golf management program.
But even with the PGA Tour handing out millions in prize money at its events, the courses where the recreational golfers play struggle to fill their tee times.
At the Tampa Sports Authority, the agency that runs public sporting venues like Raymond James Stadium, officials have cut costs yet have struggled for a decade to bring collective profitability to the three courses it manages for the city of Tampa. Losses at the TSA's three courses — Rocky Point, Rogers Park and Babe Zaharias — are expected to continue this fiscal year.
"Lack of play," Eric Hart, executive director the sports authority, said when explaining the losses. "Our courses are in the best shape they've ever been in. They're in wonderful shape. It's really truly (a lack of) play. It's not any other part of our business."
Golf-related businesses big and small are smarting, too.
On a sleepy Thursday afternoon at the Tampa Golf Range in North Tampa, fewer than a half dozen golfers took practice cuts on the 13-acre driving range. Owner Philip Cole said business got real slow a few years ago.
"There are days when it's tough," Cole said, "days when you're out here and you know you still have to make your loan payment and pay the electric bill and all the other bills and the revenue just isn't there. Those are the days you question whether you should shut the door."
Some point to the slow pace of play where rounds can take far more than four hours, driving impatient fans from the game. Tiger, the sport's biggest draw, is now a middle-aged golfer in a slump with his gimpy knees and a bad back, sapping golf's buzz factor.
Golf management experts point to simple economics — a glut of courses and an economy that has struggled for much of the past decade. Groceries in many homes take precedence over a relatively expensive game.
Lucas at Clemson said golf peaked in 2000 as new courses opened with regularity in anticipation of demand, especially among the young and minority groups drawn by Tigermania. But Lucas said the industry had unrealistic expectations on continued growth.
Lucas said the nation now has just fewer than 15,000 courses. Industry figures show more courses have closed than opened for eight straight years with an average of 137 closing annually since 2011. Lucas said another 500 to 1,000 will have to close within the next decade without new growth in golf's popularity.
"It's just like any bubble," Lucas said. "It was predicated on a 'sky is the limit' mentality but not on a good business plan. Now reality is setting in."
Lucas said golf will stabilize once the fat is cut. Despite losing 5 million golfers in a decade, he said, "I think 25 million golfers is still a big number."
To be sure, times are not awful for everyone, and the National Golf Foundation often slaps the media for telling a "negative narrative" about a sport it believes is still in fundamentally good shape.
St. Petersburg's three municipal courses would be earning a small profit except for money they are required to pump back into the city general fund, said Jeff Hollis, the city's director of golf. In the past year or so, weather more than economics seems to be the culprit when business is slow, he said.
"I wouldn't say we're doing great," he said. "But we're doing better than some. It's not like it was 10 or 12 years ago. But we've got guarded optimism about the future."
Municipal courses have been hit particularly hard as private clubs with their sparkling courses lower prices to draw golfers. Hart at the Tampa Sports Authority said Tampa's three public courses have lost golf leagues to some of the private clubs.
At the public Largo Golf Course, "FootGolf" helped the city-owned course earn a small profit in 2014, said Chip Potts, Largo's recreation program manager for athletics and the golf courses. The game has been introduced to a handful of courses nationally. Potts said his course still gets most of its revenue from the regular game, and sometimes players for the two versions of the sport are on the course at the same time.
FootGolfers kick a soccer ball down fairways and eventually sink them in 21-inch diameter holes cut into the turf. Of 49,500 rounds played in 2014, Potts said, 5,500 were FootGolfers.
"We'd be hurting without FootGolf," said Potts, acknowledging the marriage of FootGolf and golf can be challenging. "There's a learning curve on both sides. Golf is steeped in tradition and strict expectation on how you act. FootGolf is like soccer. Players hit the ball and cheer."
But at least in Largo, the weird new sport, Potts said, is helping the old traditional one stay afloat.


text:
http://w3.windfair.net/wind-energy/news/38324-res-octopus-renewables-asset-management-contract-bond-portfolio-wind-farm-asset-site-renewable-energy
RES and Octopus Renewables sign new asset management contracts
Image: RES
Four of the nine are new wind energy sites to the RES portfolio, while the other five will continue to be managed by RES after the successful retendering of the projects.
Official Press Release RES:
RES and Octopus Renewables strengthen bond with new asset management contracts
RES and Octopus Renewables have signed a new agreement for the management of nine wind assets, a portfolio of 234.4MW.
Four of the nine are new sites to the RES portfolio, while the other five will continue to be managed by RES after the successful retendering of the projects. Takeover of the four new sites: Cour, Beinneun, Grange and Hillhead of Auquhirie is complete, and work has already started to identify asset enhancements to make the sites as efficient as possible. News of the wins comes after RES and Octopus Renewables struck a number of agreements during 2020, including a spares management contract, and a number of other support services contracts (asset management, operations and maintenance) encompassing 503MW of Octopus' renewables... ... More: Official Press Release RES
RES, Octopus Renewables, asset management, contract, bond, portfolio, wind farm, asset, site, renewable energy
Investigating alternative reasons for underperformance of turbines
If not addressed, a trend for over-attributing low production solely to wind resource could be damaging to clean electricity output across European wind farms.
Goldwind wins 84MW order in Bosnia and Herzegovina
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text:
Liv Ullmann Net Worth
Liv Ullmann Net Worth:
💰 Compare Liv Ullmann's Net Worth
Place of Birth: Tokyo
Profession: Film Director, Actor, Writer, Screenwriter
Nationality: Norway
Liv Ullmann net worth: Liv Ullmann is a Norwegian actress and film director who has a net worth of $20 million. Liv Ullmann was born in Tokyo, Japan in December 1938. She has starred in several films including Shame, Hour of the Wolf, An-Margritt, The Passion of Anna, Cold Sweat, The emigrants, The Night Visitor, The New Land, Cries and Whispers, Pope Joan, Scenes from a Marriage, 40 Carats, Lost Horizon, Face to Face, A Bridge Too Far, Autumn Sonata, Let's Hope It's a Girl, Farewell Moscow, The Girlfriend, The Rose Garden, and more. Ullmann has also directed the films Sofie, Private Confessions, Faithless, and Miss Julie among others. She won a Golden Globe Award in 1974 for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama for Utvandrarna. Liv Ullmann was nominated for Academy Award sin 1973 and 1977 for Best Actress in a Leading Role. She was married to Ingmar Bergman and Dragan Babic and her daughter is journalist Linn Ullmann.
Anouk Aimée Net Worth
Joan Fontaine Net Worth
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Greta Gerwig Net Worth
Carice van Houten Net Worth
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Omar Sharif Net Worth
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text:
Q: int variable changes to 1 after 'while' loop I was trying to make a 'decimal to binary' program. It should convert from 0 to 255 only and it does.
I have two variables, 'n' and 'temp', when the user first enters the number I store it on 'n'. Then I assign 'n' to 'temp' (thus creating a copy, at least that's what I think I'm doing).
then I only use 'temp' in my code. I never use 'n', not until the end where I decide to print the number the user entered. And here comes the problem, if I enter a number greater than 255, the variable 'n' changes to 1.
I tried running my code through a couple C online compilers and all of them output the variable 'n' the right way, meaning that despite the binary not working when the numbers is greater than 255 (as intended) they print the entered value.
I found one online compiler where it doesn't print the 'n' variable if its greater than 255.
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/compile_c_online.php
If you run my code through this compiler, you'll see how the variable 'n' changes to 1 without it being used.
I know the 'binary part' won't work if you use a number greater than 255. I want to know why 'n' changes out of nowhere.
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    int bin[8] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
    int arrSize = 7;
    int n;
    int temp;

    scanf("%d", &n);

    temp = n;

    while(temp != 0)
    {
        bin[arrSize] = temp % 2;

        temp = temp / 2;
        arrSize = arrSize - 1;
    }

    printf(" Decimal: %d ----> binary: ", n);
    for(int i = 0; i <= 7; i++)
    {
        printf("%d", bin[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");

    return 0;
}

A: You've run through a "Buffer overflow".
A quick definition for that:

A buffer overflow occurs when a program or process attempts to write
  more data to a fixed length block of memory, or buffer, than the
  buffer is allocated to hold. Since buffers are created to contain a
  defined amount of data, the extra data can overwrite data values in
  memory addresses adjacent to the destination buffer unless the program
  includes sufficient bounds checking to flag or discard data when too
  much is sent to a memory buffer.

The error in your code remains in this while loop:
while(temp != 0){
   //I added this line to make it clear
   printf("inside loop\tarrSize=%d\n",arrSize);
   bin[arrSize] = temp % 2;
   temp = temp / 2;
   arrSize = arrSize - 1;
}

For an input equals to 300 (The error will occur for each input > 255) you'll have this output:
inside loop arrSize=7
inside loop arrSize=6
inside loop arrSize=5
inside loop arrSize=4
inside loop arrSize=3
inside loop arrSize=2
inside loop arrSize=1
inside loop arrSize=0
inside loop arrSize=-1
inside loop arrSize=0

The problem is that we have an index equals to -1, You'll ask what will happen ? well in fact arrays are pointers to the address of the first element of the table + the offset (index * size of the type of the table) which means that for bin[-1] it is in fact arrSize, and bin[-2] is in fact n.
You can check this by verifying the addresses as it follows:
printf("@ of bin[-1]:\t%p\n",(void*)&bin[-1]);
printf("@ of arrSize:\t%p\n\n",(void*)&arrSize);
printf("@ of bin[-2]:\t%p\n",(void*)&bin[-2]);
printf("@ of n:\t\t\t%p\n",(void*)&n);

which with my compiler gave me:
@ of bin[-1]:   0x7ffe00e32f9c
@ of arrSize:   0x7ffe00e32f9c

@ of bin[-2]:   0x7ffe00e32f98
@ of n:         0x7ffe00e32f98

So you changes without knowing bin[-1] (or bin[-2] according to the value of n) which is in fact arrSize (or n)..
How you can fix this ? I advice you to verify the index every time you want to loop over an array (the condition of the loop must be in function of arrSize). Or you can if you want for this specific exemple to ignore that and focus on the logic: verify the input (in your case the input n must be: 0 <= n <= 255)

A: void *ieee2b(double value,char size,void *res){
  char
    *p0=res,
    *p=p0;

  vbreplacec(vbsprintf(p,"%*.*s",size,size," "),' ','0',p);
  if((long)value!=value)
    while(1){
      double
        tmp=value*2;

      *p++='0'+(long)tmp;
      if(tmp==1||tmp==0||p-p0>size)
        break;
      value=tmp-(long)tmp;
    }
  else{
    p=p0+size-1;

    while((long)value>1){
      *p--='0'+((long)value%2);
      value=(long)value/2;
    }
    *p--='0'+((long)value);
  }
  return res;
}


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This exhibition of paintings, sculptures and drawings marks the London debut of American artist Justin Almquist, who was born in Minneapolis in 1976, received his BFA at Pratt Institute, New York in 1998 and his MFA at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich in 2010. Almquist has lived and worked in Munich since 2003.
In recent years, Almquist has become known for his inspired draftsmanship and the eccentric drawings that stem from a remarkable sensitivity. His drawings meld the real and the imagined in seamless fashion as he shifts between real life studies (particularly portraits) and images discovered in very diverse media, together with a myriad of dream-like allusions. Alfred Kren, one of Almquist's long-term supporters, wrote recently: "He inscribes fleeting images… while sustaining an unforgiving and exacting mastery of line and colour. He is able to bring us closer to inducing and examining dreams and hallucinations, extracting essentials out of this perishable matter, while still allowing humour and playfulness".
Reflecting another aspect of Almquist's three-dimensional practice are his Skull Hats – wall pieces made from papier-mâché that he began during his residency at the Chinati Foundation in Marfa, Texas in 2011. These works reflect an interest in Mexican folk art, while keeping the same maverick energy that is so characteristic of the artist. In keeping with his thorough investigation into image and reflection, the exhibition will include some of these objects, together with four paintings from the series Self Portrait with Skull Hat.
Almquist's "sculptural painted collage construction", the William Blake Blood Mobile, exhibited here for the first time, is a major work that has preoccupied him over the past 12 months. The sculpture emerged from a drawing of the same title made by the artist after glimpsing a blood transport van pass by on the street, inspiring him to 'redesign' this utilitarian vehicle in monstrous fashion. Elaborate processes were involved as he extended his painted surfaces outwards, collaging various elements and using high and low tech in a very personal way to produce the work.
Justin Almquist is well represented in the permanent collection of the Staatliche Graphische Sammlung Munich, one of the finest and most comprehensive public collections of works on paper in the world. A recent bequest from HRH Duke Franz of Bavaria added a substantial group of drawings by Almquist to this prestigious collection. The Lenbachhaus Munich and the Pinakothek der Moderne Munich have also acquired his works for their permanent collections.
Almquist is inspired by various artists, including Francis Picabia, Sigmar Polke and Paul Thek. He also particularly admires – and feels an affinity with – the drawings of the British artist Colin Self, whose work he only discovered two years ago. It seemed apt – and is a great pleasure – to show a small display of drawings by Colin Self concurrent with Justin Almquist's solo exhibition.


text:
Operadores de abreviações (&& e ||)

Com o &&, se um deles forem falso, a expressão inteira será falsa. Ou seja, todos os lados devem ser verdadeiros para ser verdadeiro..
Com o || , se apenas um deles for verdadeiro, a expressão inteira será verdadeira. Será apenas falsas se todas forem falsas.

Operadores sem abreviações (& e | )

Funcionam da mesma forma que os Operadores de Abreviações, porem estes operadores forçara o JVM a sempre verificar os dois lados da expressão.
Pois no &&, se o primeiro for falso, ele nem verificará a segunda parte, já considerando como falso.
Com o &, mesmo o primeiro sendo falso, ele verificará a segunda parte.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This week's video is a bit of a mouth full but I wanted to share it with you as I got together with one of my best friends Megan who has a blog called MegsBudgetBoutique and also has a YouTube channel.
If you don't already I would love it if you could take a look at Meg's amazing blog and YouTube and give them a follow.
If you watch this video, there's a link underneath to see me doing Meg's makeup blindfolded. I hope you like them, they're rather funny.
I bloody loved watching these videos you girls made, so funny I was crying laughing haha!


Oh my!! I think that hardly anything can top this dress!!! The opening and bow on the back make it a must have item for Fall/Winter!
I can't believe you have THAT dress ! It was the most sought-after piece this FW, and for good reason… You look gorgeous in it !
Oh, that is one gorgeous dress. So perfect.
I love everything about this look. You are stunning!
The back of the dress is just gorgeous!
Wow!! How elegant and original is that dress!! Those sunnies are WOW! Super big!
Love the dress, it´s so beautiful! The boots are gorgeous too!
Totally in love with this dress. The navy blue color, turtle neck and the ribbon made it look so classy. Love !!
Me encanta el vestido, el escote es muy favorecedor.
your sweater dress is gorgeous!
I would take knit dress over jeans any day. This one is fab.
Wow, this is such a classy and beautiful look, you look great!
Love your blue black rose gold combination! Such an elegant outfit!
GORGEOUS dress! In love with this look.
This is just the most dreamy outfit ever! I love the dress SO much, and the boots are amaazing!
This Celine dress must have been one of the most stunning pieces from the show!
And love how simple and elegant you made it look!
This look is so elegant & chic, love it!
Very nice earrings Celine. Match with clothes too!
Beautiful look! Love the knitdress, very lovely.


text:
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OHCHR > English > Human Rights - New York > Resources
Human Rights - New York
Guidance to States on human rights-compliant responses to the threat posed by foreign fighters
Extract: The Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force (CTITF) Working Group on Promoting and Protecting Human Rights and the Rule of Law While Countering Terrorism, chaired by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), has drafted a guidance document on Human Rights-Compliant Responses to the Threat Posed by Foreign Fighters. The document provides concrete guidance to States in their efforts to implement Security Council Resolutions 2178 and 2396 in compliance with international human rights law, international humanitarian law and international refugee law, as intended by the Security Council, and in a manner consistent with the comprehensive approach agreed by the General Assembly in its review of the Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy.
Available here in English.
Death Penalty and the Victims
Extract: **Revised and expanded edition including additional articles on the use of the death penalty in Iran, as well as the "most serious crimes" limitations**.
This book includes perspectives from a broad range of victims. While some of them are family members of crime victims, others are victims of human rights violations in application of the death penalty, of its brutality and traumatic effects. Victims' perspectives, taken holistically, make a compelling case against the death penalty. When it comes to the death penalty, almost everyone loses. When compared to other forms of punishment, the death penalty disproportionality affects the mental health and well-being of family members of the convicted person (especially children and primary caretakers), as well as third persons included in criminal proceedings or executions (such as prosecutors, judges, lawyer and executioners).
Moving Away from the Death Penalty: Arguments, Trends and Perspectives (second edition)
Extract: Between 2012 and 2015 OHCHR organised in New York a series of knowledge events on moving away from the death penalty. These events brought together representatives of Member States, academia and civil society, as well as legal experts and victims of wrongful convictions. This publication consists of a series of articles from the panellists, and reflects a diversity of geographic experiences – Africa, Americas and the Caribbean, Asia and Europe, with articles exploring compelling arguments relevant in deciding in favour of moving away from the death penalty.
Available here in English, French, Arabic.
Basic Human Rights Reference Guide: Right to a Fair Trial and Due Process in the Context of Countering Terrorism
The Basic Human Rights Reference Guide series is an initiative of the Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force (CTITF) Working Group on Protecting Human Rights while Countering Terrorism.
The Guides are intended for: State authorities, including legislators; law enforcement and border officials; national and international non-governmental organizations; legal practitioners; United Nations agencies; and individuals involved in efforts to ensure the protection and promotion of human rights in the context of counter-terrorism.
Basic Human Rights Reference Guide: Conformity of National Counter-Terrorism Legislation with International Human Rights Law
Available in English, French, Arabic, Russian and Chinese.
Basic Human Rights Reference Guide: Detention in the Context of Countering Terrorism
Basic Human Rights Reference Guide: Security Infrastructure
Available here in English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian and Chinese.
Basic Human Rights Reference Guide: The Stopping and Searching of Persons in the Context of Countering Terrorism
Moving Away from the Death Penalty: Arguments, Trends and Perspectives
Extract: Between 2012 and 2014 OHCHR organised in New York a series of knowledge events on moving away from the death penalty. Four events focused on Lessons from National Experiences, Wrongful Convictions, Deterrence and Public Opinion and Discrimination against Marginalised Groups. These events brought together representatives of Member States, academia and civil society, as well as legal experts and victims of wrongful convictions. This publication consists of a series of articles from the panellists, and reflects a diversity of geographic experiences – Americas and Caribbean, Africa, Asia and Europe, with articles exploring compelling arguments relevant in deciding in favour of moving away from the death penalty.
Human rights due diligence policy on United Nations support to non-United Nations security forces (document A/67/775–S/2013/110)
Extract: The policy sets out measures that all United Nations entities must take in order to ensure that any support that they may provide to non-United Nations forces is consistent with the purposes and principles as set out in the Charter of the United Nations and with its responsibility to respect, promote and encourage respect for international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law.
Human Rights Treaty Bodies and Election of Treaty Body Members. A Guide for United Nations Delegates Based in New York
Extract: This guide seeks to answer the basic questions that delegates frequently ask of the Secretariat in the context of treaty body elections. It also covers certain other issues which delegates frequently raise in New York with regard to the treaty bodies and their work relating to the General Assembly.
Available in English (PDF)
The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights in New York - brochure
Extract: The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights in New York (OHCHR-NY) works for the effective integration of human rights norms and standards in the decision-making and operational activities of United Nations inter-governmental and inter-agency bodies in New York.
OHCHR-NY is organised around three broad areas: geographic issues; global issues; and inter-governmental, outreach and external relations.
Moving Away from the Death Penalty - Lessons from National Experiences
Extract: The large majority of Member States of the United Nations — about 150 out of 193 States — have already abolished the death penalty or observe a legal or de facto moratorium on its use. Since 2007, the General Assembly has also been calling for a global moratorium on the death penalty. Yet, the remaining retentionist states are reported to have carried out more than 600 executions over the course of 2011 alone. The United Nations opposes the death penalty because it negates the right to life and its application raises serious human rights concerns. OHCHR is organising a series of global panel discussions on the abolition of the death penalty. This publication is based on the first of these discussions, held at the United Nations in New York on 3 July 2012.Panelists representing diverse regions, cultures and legal traditions initiated a lively discussion, which was further enriched by an engaged audience of state delegates, legal practitioners and civil society representatives.
Born Free and Equal: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in International Human Rights Law
Extract: The case for extending the same rights to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) persons as those enjoyed by everyone else is neither radical nor complicated. It rests on two fundamental principles that underpin international human rights law: equality and non-discrimination. The opening words of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights are unequivocal: "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights."
Available in English | French | Spanish| Russian| Arabic | Chinese (PDF)
Unofficial translations: Farsi, Fact sheet 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) | Khmer | Portuguese | Turkish | Vietnamese (20Mb, PDF)
30 Years Working for Women's Rights: Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women 1982 – 2012
A joint publication of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the United Nations Department of Public Information (DPI).
Extract: For 30 years, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women has worked with dedication and passion to assist countries in implementing their treaty obligations to protect and promote women's human rights.
Since its first session in October 1982, the Committee has witnessed tremendous growth in the number of States parties to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), and corresponding growth in its workload. The Convention has almost achieved universal ratification with 187 States parties. Through its periodic review of individual country situations through the State party reporting process, the general recommendations it has issued on specific rights and themes, and its growing body of jurisprudence under the Optional Protocol to the Convention, the Committee has provided constructive feedback on how to improve the situation of women in all States parties
Available in English and French (PDF)
Rule of Law Indicators
A joint publication of the United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR).
Extract: Building and strengthening the "rule of law" in developing nations, particularly countries in transition or emerging from a period of armed conflict, has become a central focus of the work of the United Nations. As a result, there is growing demand throughout the United Nations system to better understand the delivery of justice in conflict and post-conflict situations and the impact of developments in this area.
The United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), in cooperation with other United Nations departments, agencies, funds and programmes, have developed an instrument to monitor changes in the performance and fundamental characteristics of criminal justice institutions in conflict and post-conflict situations. The instrument consists of a set of indicators, the United Nations Rule of Law Indicators. This Guide describes how to implement this instrument and measure these indicators.
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United Nations human rights page
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Toussa man


Recent increases in nitrogen (N) fertilizer prices and current expectations about crop prices mean growers should consider reductions in fertilization rates in order to achieve maximum profits.
Nitrogen recommendations for maximum crop yield are generally based on yield potential or realistic yield expectation (RYE), which varies by soil type or productivity, climate, and various other soil and crop management factors. However, the N rate for maximum economic yield depends on the fertilizer N cost and the market price received for the crop. Historically for corn, the Crop price:N cost ratio typically has varied from 10:1 to 15:1 (i.e., a 10:1 ratio results from $2.50/bushel : $0.25/pound N). Under this range in price ratios, the N rate for maximum economic corn yield varies only slightly. However, when the N fertilizer price increases significantly and the crop price holds steady, the economic optimum N rate will decrease more. Fertilizer N rates for maximum profit are always lower than the N rates required for maximum yield.
The majority of commercial fertilizer N products is manufactured from anhydrous ammonia, NH3, which is produced from reacting N2 (nitrogen from the air) and H2 (hydrogen from natural gas) under high pressure and temperature. Since 1999, the cost of natural gas and other energy sources has increased substantially (Figure 1).
There are two primary reasons for the recent increases in energy prices, one short term and the other longer term. Short-term increases are normally the result of significant disruption in production due to political conflicts and weather disasters. In 2005, weather in the Gulf of Mexico was the primary factor. Longer-term factors include a steady and substantial increase in foreign and domestic energy demand and a reduction in domestic oil production and refinery capacity (U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review). In addition, the U.S. capacity to produce anhydrous ammonia has decreased approximately 50 percent since 1998. As a result, the price for N and other fertilizers has been increasing, albeit somewhat erratically (Figure 2).
Current prices for N fertilizers range from $0.30 to $0.50/pound of N, depending on the source. The main sources are anhydrous ammonia, urea, ammonium nitrate, and urea-ammonium nitrate solutions such as UAN-30; the price per pound of N varies substantially among these sources. Because each source has a different concentration of N, it pays to compare them on the basis of the per-pound cost of N. Anhydrous ammonia contains 82 pounds of N per 100 pounds of product; ammonium nitrate, 34 pounds; ammonium sulfate, 21 pounds; urea, 46 pounds. Liquid N solutions vary but typically contain 28 to 32 pounds of N per 100 pounds of product.
Figure 2. Market prices for some common agricultural fertilizers. Key: Anhy.Am = anhydrous ammonia. Am. Nitrate = ammonium nitrate. TSP = triple super phosphate. Pot. Chloride = potassium chloride.
Figure 1. World market prices for natural gas and crude oil, 1972-2005. Key: Natural gas price is shown in cents/1,000 cubic feet, and crude oil price is in $x10/barrel.
To determine the most profitable N application rate, it is important to understand the relationship between crop yield and N fertilizer rates. This relationship is called the N response function. Figure 3 shows two examples for corn that represent high and low yielding sites. As you can see, there is some production without any added N. Also, the first amount of N that is added has a bigger effect on yield than the later additions. Each subsequent addition of N produces a smaller yield increase up to a maximum. The N rate required for maximum yield represents the point on each curve where no additional corn production is obtained even though more N is applied. For the low yielding site, 166 pounds of N/acre produce the maximum yield of 117 bushels of corn. For the high yielding site, 213 pounds of N/acre produce the maximum yield of 160 bushels.
It is important to recognize that, when commercial fertilizer is used, the N fertilizer rate for maximum profit or return on the investment in fertilizer N is always less than the N rate for maximum yield because there comes a point where the value of the additional crop yield will not cover the cost of the additional fertilizer N. This point will vary with N fertilizer prices and the crop price received (Table 1). Historically, Corn:N price ratio generally range between 10:1 and 15:1. The shaded boxes in the table represent the typical historical range in the Corn:N price ratio of 10:1 to 15:1.
Table 1. Range in maximum economic N rates for high and low yield sites.
Within this historic range of Corn: N price ratios, the N rates needed for maximum economic yield vary by only about 10 pounds N/acre for the high corn yield site, compared to 7 pounds N/acre for the low yield site. Under these Corn:N price ratios, growers often do not adjust N rates for market price conditions. However, as the N price increases relative to a given corn price, the N rate for maximum economic yield decreases further (Table 1). Under current expectations about corn and N prices for the 2006 crop, the Corn:N price ratio is between 5:1 to 7:1, and the economic optimum N rate decreases by about 20 to 25 pounds N/acre depending on yield potential (Figure 4).
This is in close agreement with a recent study in which the average economic optimum N rate across 33 sites decreased from 179 pounds N/acre to 154 pounds N/acre as the Corn:N price ratio decreased from 20:1 to 6.7:1 (Williams, 2005).
Careful inspection of Figure 4 shows that the economic optimum N rate decreases much more when the Corn:N price ratio is less than 10:1 than it does when the Corn:N price ratio is greater than 10:1. Therefore, if the N price continues to increase, assuming no change in corn market price, then the Corn: N price ratio could drop below 5:1, suggesting even further decreases in the economic optimum N rate. It is important to stress, however, that these are small reductions in N rates and that more extreme reductions in N application rates will cause large decreases in yield and in profits.
Figure 3. Typical corn grain yield response to N rates for low, high yield sites.
Figure 4. The effect of Corn:N price ratio on economic optimum N rates for corn at two yields levels.
While a reduction in recommended N rate is warranted when fertilizer N prices are high and crop prices are low, growers may see a small reduction in yield under normal growing conditions. This reduction in yield can be minimized by using sound agronomic and N management practices to insure economically optimum yields and maximum efficiency in the use of fertilizer N. Growers must remember that sound fertilizer management considers timing, placement, and source of materials. The RYE must accurately represent the native productivity of the soils under growers' management approach. Overestimating the RYE will cause the N recommendation to be overestimated also, which will reduce profitability and increase the risk of N loss to surface and ground waters. Underestimating RYE will reduce the profit potential of the crop.
Several management practices will influence the uptake of fertilizer N by the crop. Soil sampling and analysis will identify problems with pH or other nutrients that might limit crop development and need to be corrected. Growers should consider split N applications compared to a preplant application of the entire recommended N rate. In many grain crops, split applications can increase N use efficiency by 10 to 15 percent.
Under no-till and conservation tillage systems, surface or subsurface N applications may also increase crop recovery of applied N by reducing N immobilization by the surface crop residue. Subsurface N placement may also increase N use efficiency by about 10 percent, but this must be balanced against whether any additional application costs might be incurred.
This discussion has focused on the optimum use of N in crop production. However, higher energy prices have also affected diesel fuel prices and many other farm input costs. Rising input costs and flat commodity prices may create a situation where the expected revenue from the sale of the crop will not cover out-of-pocket costs, making a particular field or crop unprofitable. These cost increases may also change the relative profitability among cropping alternatives, creating incentives to change the crop selection or to adjust the crop mix. The overall impact of these changes on the profitability of individual crops should be assessed by developing enterprise budgets. NC State publishes budgets for selected crops, and these can be used as templates for developing budgets for specific farm situations.
In summary, economic optimum N rates will be reduced during periods when N prices are unusually high relative to crop prices. However, these reductions should be relatively small compared to the optimum fertilization rates under more typical fertilizer N and crop prices. A small reduction in yield can be expected, but this can be minimized by employing sound agronomic practices. Growers should also evaluate the cost effectiveness of changes in N management practices that will increase the efficiency of fertilizer N use by the crop.
Best Management Practices for Agricultural Nutrients, AG-439-20.
Soil Tests for Corn Nitrogen Recommendations and Their Relationships with Soil and Landscape Properties. 2005. J. D. Williams. Dissertation. North Carolina State University.


text:
Synonyms for osamu_mukai or Related words with osamu_mukai
takayuki_yamada mirei_kiritani shun_oguri chizuru_ikewaki takao_osawa kyoka_suzuki shima_iwashita kento_yamazaki yūko_takeuchi maki_horikita kōichi_satō hiroshi_tamaki masahiko_tsugawa nana_eikura kazuki_kitamura etsushi_toyokawa mikako_tabe keiko_takeshita mirai_moriyama shota_matsuda kanako_higuchi yuriko_ishida masami_nagasawa tori_matsuzaka hiro_mizushima tetsuji_tamayama fumiyo_kohinata hidetoshi_nishijima gō_ayano manami_konishi kyōka_suzuki yoshio_harada hiroki_matsukata masaki_okada ryunosuke_kamiki kaori_momoi mirai_shida keiko_kitagawa miho_kanno satoshi_tsumabuki sadao_abe takako_tokiwa tatsuya_fujiwara machiko_ono seiichi_tanabe hiroki_narimiya asami_mizukawa eri_fukatsu yosuke_eguchi susumu_terajima
Examples of "osamu_mukai"
Kiriu does not appear in the anime series; he is portrayed by actor Osamu Mukai in the live-action adaptation.
The music video for the song, released the same day, features "Bocho Mania 09" actor Osamu Mukai. The video shows a young and distraught businessman who keeps seeing a goat's head, desperate, while he sings the song with the band.
The Paradise Kiss live-action features Keiko Kitagawa as Yukari Hayasaka and Osamu Mukai as George. Other cast members are Natsuki Katō as Kaori Aso, Aya Ōmasa as Miwako Sakurada, Kento Kaku as Arashi Nagase, Shunji Igarashi as Isabella Yamamoto, and Yūsuke Yamamoto as Tokumori Hiroyuki.
In June 2014, TV Tokyo announced that the station would adapt the film for a TV drama featuring Osamu Mukai. Some parts in the original book which don't appear in the film are described in the drama. It was broadcast on 11, 14 and 15 February 2015.
Eisuke (Osamu Mukai), a former bassist of a rock band who gave up his music dreams to carry on the tradition of his family's French restaurant. The show will involve a love triangle as Kuninaka and Takimoto play rivals for Eisuke's heart.
Musically, "Boku wa Pegasus Kimi wa Polaris" is a piano-and-string driven pop song. It was written specifically for the TBS television drama "S: Saigo no Keikan", starring Osamu Mukai and Go Ayano, for which it serves as ending theme. Its lyrics depict an epic love story by means of a Pegasus-Polaris metaphor. Misia conveys a sense of faith and confidence as she transitions from soft to powerful vocals.
A live-action film adaptation of the "Beck" manga was announced in 2009, with filming beginning in July. It was produced and directed by Yukihiko Tsutsumi, who has directed manga-to-film adaptations in the past (most notably the "20th Century Boys" trilogy). It stars Takeru Satoh as Koyuki, Hiro Mizushima as Ryusuke, Kenta Kiritani as Chiba, Aoi Nakamura as Saku and Osamu Mukai as Taira. The actors were given proper training on their instruments for the 30 original songs that were written for the film.
The song was written by Shiho Ochi and Kōichi Tabo especially for the drama "Summer Rescue: Tenkū no Shinryōjo", starring Osamu Mukai and Machiko Ono. Ochi was inspired to write the lyrics for the song after reading the scrift for the drama, and decided to sing about rebirth, around a mofit of the sun and the moon. Ochi described the song as being like a letter of thanks to important people in your lives. The song's release as a double A-side single was announced on June 21, 2012.
A Japanese television drama adaptation of the series premiered on January 8, 2008. It aired every Tuesday at 21:00 JST for 11 episodes on Fuji TV until March 18, 2008. Written by Kaneko Shigeki, and directed by Masaki Tanamura and Hiroaki Matsuyama, the show starred Toma Ikuta as Takemoto, Riko Narumi as Hagumi, Hiroki Narimiya as Morita, Osamu Mukai as Mayama, and Natsuki Harada as Ayumi. The music for the series was provided by Shōgo Kaida, Keiichi Miyako (SOPHIA) and Shin Kōno, while the theme song to the series was "Canvas" by the Japanese R&B singer Ken Hirai. A DVD set was released for the series on July 11, 2008.
In early 2009, Satoh starred in "Mei-chan no Shitsuji" as Kento Shibata. His character decides to enroll in a butler school so that he can stay close to childhood friend Mei Shinonome, who attends St. Lucia Girls' Academy, where all the students have butlers. His role in this drama is a firm favorite with fans. He starred in the film "Goemon" in summer 2009, and also guest-starred on TV shows, "Mr. Brain", "True Horror Stories" and "MW Dai-0-sho". In 2010, he played Okada Izō in his first Taiga drama "Ryōmaden" and had a major supporting role in the film "Beck" co-starring Hiro Mizushima and Osamu Mukai, both of them being his co-stars from Mei-chan no Shitsuji. Following the release of the film, Satoh landed his first leading role on prime time television with teen drama "Q10".


German Engineering "made in South Carolina"
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Ladies Society will meet Wednesday, March 4th in church at 2:00 p.m. All ladies welcomed for the bible study, discussion and refreshments.
The Ladies Society has been in our Church for a long time. We are a small group and enjoy meeting for Bible study every other Wednesdays at 2:00 pm.


Discussion in 'The Family Room' started by mrpackethead, Jul 30, 2011.
I am told that "Blinkylight" is a relgion, and that Fasteddy's title is the "Bishop of Blinky".
I'm going to be a Jedi this year the same as last time. After seeing the High Priest of blinky (Geoff / aussiechristmas) preaching at the Melb Mini I've almost convinced myself to change religion though.
This isn't going to be another PC vs MAC argument is it?
Just remember when you see on the news that they are using $50 Million to build a Jedi Knight place of worship with your tax money, it is because the results of the census showed the need for it.
all religions are fine, it just so happens mine is only the right one.
Is there a problem with the forum? I see posts vaporizing into the blinky?
Oh, so you use a Mac as well, Matt?
Used to. I had a Titanium 550Mhz Power PC! It was payment for signing a $10m deal when my IBM kept crashing every time I had to run the financial model for the deal. It was the ONLY Mac in the company, I had to make it PC compatible.
Mac went down hill when they jumped into bed with the Intel devil.
BTW, My religion is still right.