Nipsey Hussle, 33, born Ermias Asghedom, was shot multiple times outside his clothing store in Los Angeles' Hyde Park area, authorities said.
Some of hip-hop's biggest and brightest stars took to social media on Sunday to mourn the death of Nipsey Hussle, the Grammy-nominated rapper earlier shot and killed in South Los Angeles, city officials said.
Hussle, born Ermias Asghedom, was shot multiple times outside his clothing store in LA's Hyde Park area around 3:20 p.m. local time, authorities said. The 33-year-old entertainer was rushed to a local hospital, where he was later pronounced dead.


I got married August 2015 to a man I had dated for less than 6 months. Last year I literally lived out my 12-year-old-Casey dreams of meeting a great-looking, godly guy, falling in love, and getting married ASAP.
I love my husband and I love being married. Jon is not perfect, but he's embraced husbandhood with humility and passion and a ton of effort. He loves me more than I ever thought humanly possible.
However, it may surprise you to find out that I - a newlywed, pre-kids, pre-stretch marks, and definitely in love with her husband - still struggle with insecurities.
As a single gal, it was easy to expect that the love of a man would dissolve my insecurities, or at least cause them to diminish.
"Once I find a man who loves my body completely, I won't feel ugly anymore."
"When I find a man who loves my personality, I won't feel so weird or awkward."
"I won't feel like a failure in the arms of a man who doesn't expect me to be perfect!"
But even though Jon loves me, he'll never think I'm perfect. And he shouldn't, because I'm not.
And even though he loves me more than anyone on the planet, he isn't perfect either!
However, my insecurities are meant to be dissolved by a perfect love... just not a perfect human love.
Insecurities truly stem from not understanding how passionately and completely our Heavenly Father feels towards us. We all long for a hero to risk death to save us, and still ignore the face that we've already been saved by a man who defeated Death Itself!
I am finding that I am completely free of all my insecurities, not when I remember I am a very loved wife, but when I remember I am a fully and unconditionally loved Daughter of the King.
So you see, the source of all your insecurities actually is all about being crazy loved by a Hero, but the source of your freedom comes from knowing you already are.
Girl, this is such a great post! Thank you for sharing your heart with us today. You are such an inspiration!!
Casey, this is great! We need to remember the unconditional love we have in Jesus. I pray this reminder gets to the people who need it most. Thank you for sharing with Thankful Thursdays.
Love this! I have also learned that insecurities won't be diminished by another human being. Realizing my worth and confidence in Christ has been one of the best decisions I have ever made!
Just saw your blog on Holly's and wanted to pop over and read! I loved this post you shared... thank you for the encouragement. I've been married 1 years & have 4 kiddos and your post still rang true to me!
Casey, this is such a great post! I tend to struggle with insecurities and perfection, so this post is so encouraging for me. Thank you for always writing what God has put on your heart. It matters.
Such a beautiful lesson to learn. It's something we "know" but when that message gets in your heart it makes all the difference in the world. Thanks for sharing!


text:
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LUMA Capital Partners has announced an investment of $2 million in Blueshift in its Series A funding round. It is the first investment from LUMA, which is a newly-founded capital funding partner that focuses on exclusively on marketing technology innovations. Alongside the investment, Carey Lai, a General Partner at LUMA, has joined the board of Blueshift as an observing member. With his induction to the board, Lai brings his extensive experience in driving business growth for some of the most s...
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PYTHIAN NAMED ONE OF CANADA'S FASTEST-GROWING COMPANIES ON THE PROFIT 500
Canadian Business and PROFIT today ranked Pythian No. 151 with a five-year growth rate of 437% on the 28th annual PROFIT 500, the definitive ranking of Canada's Fastest-Growing Companies. Published in the October issue of Canadian Business and at PROFITguide.com, the PROFIT 500 ranks Canadian businesses by their five-year revenue growth....
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HOSPITAL'S BIG DATA EFFORT PROVIDES NEAR REAL-TIME INFLUENZA TRACKING
Using cloud-based data from electronic health records, a Boston Children's Hospital-led research team has successfully demonstrated that it can detect cases of influenza in near real-time and in the process beat similar reporting by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by at least one week....
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SPARK, KAFKA & MACHINE LEARNING: 10 BIG DATA START-UPS TAKING ANALYTICS TO THE NEXT LEVEL
The rise of both structured and unstructured data has created a booming market that is expected to be worth around $41.5 billion by 2018. The rapid growth of the big data market has resulted in the creation of a large crop of vendors that are all looking to take a slice. Amid the plethora of vendors competing for market position are a number of start-ups that are aiming to help organisations collect and analyse data. CBR identifies 10 companies that are worth watching....
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
AMAZING !!! # 2
Αναρτήθηκε από casualhellas στις 8:52 π.μ. Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
MERRY CHRISTMAS AND A HAPPY NEW CASUAL YEAR !
Αναρτήθηκε από casualhellas στις 12:31 μ.μ. Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
101% CASUAL !
NEW T SHIRT FROM 80 CASUALS
VICENZA CASUALS
WWW.CASUALCLOTHING.DK
Κυριακή 18 Δεκεμβρίου 2011
SSL CASUALS !
MOTHERWELL OLD CASUAL FIRM
Αναρτήθηκε από casualhellas στις 11:38 π.μ. Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
FEYENOORD CASUALS
ADIDAS TRAINERS ''ATHEN''
CASUALS for PATRIA !
CASUALS in RUSSIA !
WORKING CLASS PRIDE
SLAVIA PRAGUE CASUALS
Κυριακή 20 Νοεμβρίου 2011
ADIDAS NOEL GALLAGHER
ONLY WHITE SHOES !
ADIDAS MILANO
Σάββατο 19 Νοεμβρίου 2011
MARIBOR-OLIMPIA LJUBLJANA (30.10.11)
Παρασκευή 18 Νοεμβρίου 2011
RONALD KOEMAN - THE CASUAL!
Τετάρτη 16 Νοεμβρίου 2011
TORPEDO MOSCOW CASUAL FLAG
Αναρτήθηκε από casualhellas στις 1:10 μ.μ. Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
FINNEST BRITISH CASUALS!
STONE ISLAND JACKET (new collection)
Αναρτήθηκε από casualhellas στις 6:57 π.μ. 1 σχόλιο:
LOKOMOTIV MOSCOW CASUALS
HELLAS CASUALS new stickers !
Σάββατο 1 Οκτωβρίου 2011
LAZIO CASUAL FIRM
ASTON VILLA CASUALS
Σάββατο 24 Σεπτεμβρίου 2011
CASUAL ANTIANTIFA!
Πέμπτη 22 Σεπτεμβρίου 2011
NAPOLI CASUAL FIRM
Τετάρτη 7 Σεπτεμβρίου 2011
BOXING WITH... STYLE!
VESPA STYLE !
HELLAS CASUALS on tour (KIEV ,JULY 2011)
CASUALS NOT REDS
HELLAS CASUALS new material
HELLAS CASUALS (NEOS KOSMOS !)
WHAT WE (REALLY ) ARE?
The casual subculture is a subsection of association football culture that is typified by football hooliganism and the wearing of expensive European designer clothing.[1][2][3][4][5] The subculture originated in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s when many hooligans started wearing designer labels and expensive sportswear in order to avoid the attention of police. They did not wear club colours, so it was easier to infiltrate rival groups and to enter pubs.
Music genres popular among casuals in the late 1970s included: mod revival, postpunk, Oi! and ska.[6][unreliable source] By the 1980s, casuals' music tastes were eclectic, with some enjoying pop groups such as Wham!, ABC, The Human League, Spandau Ballet and Adam and the Ants.[7][unreliable source] In the late 1980s and early 1990s, many casuals were part of the Madchester and rave scenes, and in the 1990s, many were fans of Britpop.[6][unreliable source] There was a strong crossover with rave culture, with many ravers wearing football casual brands but distanced from football hooliganism.[7][unreliable source][8][9] Madchester bands sometimes wore casual clothing on stage and in publicity photographs, as did Britpop acts such as Blur in their video for "Parklife". Since then, the most popular genre among casuals has been indie rock.[6]
British football support has had a strong fashion-led subculture element since the rise of the Teddy Boys in the mid 1950s. This continued with the mods of the early 1960s, the skinheads of the late 1960s (and later), and the mod revivalists of the late 1970s.
The casual subculture began in the late 1970s after Liverpool F.C.and Everton F.C. fans introduced the rest of England to European fashions that they acquired while following Liverpool at their 1977 European Cup quarter final against the French side St Etienne. These Liverpool fans arrived back in England with expensive Italian and French designer sportswear, most of which they looted from stores. The fans brought back many unique clothing brands that had not been seen in the country before. Soon other fans were clamoring for these rare items of clothing, such as Lacoste or Sergio Tacchini shirts, and unusual Adidas trainers, which are still associated with Liverpool supporters today. At the time, many police forces were still on the lookout for skinhead fans wearing Dr. Martens boots, and paid no attention to fans in expensive designer clothing.
In the 1980s, other clothing labels that became associated with casuals included: Pringle, Burberry, Fila, Stone Island, Fiorucci, Pepe, Benetton, Ralph Lauren, Henri Lloyd, Lyle & Scott, Ben Sherman, Fred Perry, Kappa and Slazenger. Fashion trends frequently changed, and the casual subculture reached its peak in the late 1980s. With the arrival of the acid house, rave and Madchester scenes, the violence of the casual subculture faded.
In the mid-1990s, the casual subculture experienced a revival, but emphasis on style had changed slightly. Many football fans adopted the casual look as a kind of uniform, identifying them as different from the ordinary club supporters. Popular clothing brands included Stone Island, Aquascutum, Burberry, Lacoste, Prada, Façonnable, Hugo Boss, Maharishi, Mandarina Duck and Dupe. In the late 1990s, many football supporters began to move away from the brands that were considered the casual uniform, because of the police attention that these brands attracted. Several designer labels also withdrew certain designs from sale after they became associated with casuals.
Casual fashion experienced an increase in popularity in the 2000s, with British music acts such as The Streets and The Mitchell Brothers sporting casual outfits in their music videos. Casual culture has been highlighted by films and television programmes such as ID, The Firm, The Football Factory and Green Street. Although some casuals have continued to wear Stone Island clothing in the 2000s, many have detached the compass badge so as to be less obvious. However, with the two buttons still attached, those in the know are still able to recognise the clothing items. Other clothing labels associated with casuals in the 2000s have included: Adidas Originals, Lyle & Scott, Fred Perry, Armani, Lambretta, Lacoste, Nudie Jeans, Edwin and Superga. Many casuals have adopted a more subtle and underground look, avoiding more mainstream clothing brands for independent clothing labels.
Casuals United, also known as UK Casuals United,[10] is a British anti-Islamic protest group that formed in 2009.[11] It is closely affiliated with the English Defence League,[12] a far right[13][14][15][16][17] street protest movement which opposes what it sees as the spread of Islamism, Sharia law and Islamic extremism in England.[18][19]
OUR STYLE!
Πέμπτη 7 Ιουλίου 2011
ANDERLECHT CASUAL FIRM LOGO
LE FIRM- CASUAL BRAND
ENGLISH CASUALS!!
Κυριακή 19 Ιουνίου 2011
BRITISH CASUALS-THE PIONEERS!!
casualhellas@hotmail.gr
http://aphrodite1994.com
http://aquascutum.co.uk
http://barbour.com
http://bbclothing.co.uk
http://brandshop.ru
http://camisera.co.uk
http://casualclothing.dk
http://casualterrace.tumblr.com/
http://coolnessmilano.com
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http://designerwear2u.co.uk
http://endclothing.co.uk
http://fredperry.com
http://gr.burberry.com
http://hackett.com
http://henrilloydonline.com
http://indyco.co.uk
http://jethwas.co.uk
http://lacoste.com
http://originalsclothing.co.uk
http://rivendelmadrid.es
http://salions.com
http://stoneisland.co.uk
http://terracelinks.info
http://terraceslife.it
http://terracesmenswear.co.uk
http://thecasualfactory.com
http://thefirm-casualshop.com
http://vanmildert.com
http://www.80scasuals.co.uk
http://www.ellesse.com/
http://www.fjallraven.com/
http://www.identity-menswear.com
http://www.mastrum.com/
http://www.nuestraformadevida.com
http://www.ralphlauren.com
http://www.stonemenswear.co.uk
http://www.ultras-tifo.net/
http://www.weekendoffender.com/
Διαχειριστες
casualhellas
HELLAS CASUALS


text:
Q: Preserving the "data or string" on reload of acitivy without using shared pref and database in android? I would like to preserve the data or string on reload of the activity without using shared prefrences or sqllite databases.
Currently I have tried OnsavedInstancestate or OnRestoreInstancestate method but it will work only if orientation changes not for reloading the activity...
Please suggest me to overcome this.
Regards
priya

A: You can use singleTon class mechanism here.

*

*Try to create a singleton class in your app.

*Get instance of the class in your activity.

*set the data to the class in onCreate()

*get the data from the class whenever you want say in onRestart().

To learn more about singleTon class see this..
Create singleton class
public class Singleton {

    private static Singleton singleton = new Singleton();

    /*
     * A private Constructor prevents any other class from instantiating.
     */

    public String valueToStore;

    private Singleton() {
    }

    /* Static 'instance' method */
    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        return singleton;
    }

    public String getValueToStore() {
        return valueToStore;
    }

    public void setValueToStore(String valueToStore) {
        this.valueToStore = valueToStore;
    }

}

In your activity.
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    Singleton singleton = Singleton.getInstance();

    singleton.setValueToStore("Hai");
}

@Override
protected void onRestart() {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    super.onRestart();

    Singleton singleton = Singleton.getInstance();

    Log.d("Value", singleton.getValueToStore());
}

A: You could try using the application class to store the data in a global singleton that would persist the data, then you could load and store the data from the singleton when you needed it using getter and setter methods.
See this similar question for how to do it: Using the Android Application class to persist data

A: The easiest way to keep data when an activity is destroyed is to use
@Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
    outState.putString("Test", "Test");
    super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
}

Note that this will not get called when the user press the back button only when the system destroys the activity or another activity comes above.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and regulation by interleukin 10 during intestinal inflammation
Inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease
S Nikolausa,
J Bauditza,
P Gionchettib,
C Wittc,
H Lochsa,
S Schreibera
aCharité University Hospital, 4th Medical Department, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany, bClinica Media I, Policlinico S. Orsola, University of Bologna, Italy, cCharité University Hospital, 1st Medical Department, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
Dr S Schreiber, 1st Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Schittenhelmstrasse 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany (email: s.schreiber{at}mucosa.de).
Background—Concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines are increased in the intestinal mucosa of patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMN) are the most abundant cell type in intestinal lesions in IBD. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an important contra-inflammatory cytokine which induces downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Aims—To investigate whether PMN from patients with IBD or infectious colitis, respectively, secrete increased amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and can be regulated by IL-10.
Methods—Secretion (ELISA) as well as corresponding mRNA levels (semiquantitative RT-PCR) of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) and of IL-1 receptor antagonist were assessed in peripheral PMN.
Results—PMN from patients with IBD are primed to secrete enhanced amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines accompanied by detection of corresponding mRNAs in comparison with normal controls. This finding is not specific for IBD but rather reflects intestinal inflammation in general. IL-10 markedly inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion as well as corresponding mRNA concentrations.
Conclusions—PMN are an important source of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with intestinal inflammation and can be downregulated by IL-10.
interleukin 1β
intestinal immunity
tumour necrosis factor α
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.42.4.470
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are the first cells to migrate into tissue sites as part of the host defence system. Their extensive homing into areas of mucosal inflammation led to the development of imaging techniques in which radiolabelled PMN are used for semiquantitative assessment of clinical activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).1-4 The homing process is thought to be mediated by specific adhesion molecules expressed on endothelial cells as well as on PMN.5-7 The studies by Saverymuttuet al also suggested that neutrophils which have entered the gut wall will transmigrate into the bowel lumen and will then be excreted with stools.3 During their migration through the intestinal mucosa PMN are thought to unload a host of mostly non-specific inflammatory mediators including superoxide anions, lipid mediators, and proteases.8 ,9
Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of peripheral monocytes as well as intestinal macrophages from patients with IBD to secrete enhanced amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines.10-18Interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) may be particularly important for inducing and sustaining intestinal inflammation in IBD.10-13 16-19 Increased levels of TNF-α have also been reported in the stools of children with active Crohn's disease.20 The increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the intestinal mucosa is thought to be a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation in IBD.9 ,16-19
It has been shown that PMN from patients with active IBD are primed for activation.21-23 The earlier reports of a decreased capacity to secrete superoxide anions in vitro may be attributed to the influence of separation techniques24 or to the fact that circulating stimulatory substances in the serum samples of these patients have already partially exhausted their capacity for superoxide anion secretion.25 26 Moreover, it has been demonstrated that elastase, which is a marker enzyme for activated PMN, is increased in the stools and intestinal mucosa of patients with IBD.27 ,28
It has been established that normal PMN have the capacity to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro29-31 which can serve as specific mediators in enhancing immune activation both in a feed back loop to the phagocyte level and by contributing to T and B lymphocyte activation.30 We therefore investigated the capacity of peripheral PMN of patients with IBD as well as infectious colitis to secrete IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-1ra. We found an increased capacity to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas in vitro secretion of IL-1ra was not deficient in PMN from patients with bowel inflammation in comparison with normal cells.
The contra-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a potent mediator for downregulation of monocyte/macrophage activation and for the induction of lymphocyte differentiation.32-37 Recent studies indicate that IL-10 can suppress the release of IL-1β and TNF-α by PMN and induces secretion of IL-1ra.33 ,34 ,37 ,38 Moreover, IL-10 may be an important novel drug for anti-inflammatory therapy in IBD.37 ,39 We found that IL-10 effectively suppresses the release of both IL-1β and TNF-α, as well as corresponding cytokine mRNA levels, and induces IL-1ra secretion by PMN without a difference between IBD and normal control cells in a dose dependent manner.
Fetal calf serum (FCS) was purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, New York, USA) or Sigma (St Louis, Missouri, USA). Cytokine enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were obtained from Genzyme/Virotech (Rüsselsheim, Germany) and from DPC Biermann (Bad Nauheim, Germany). Recombinant IL-10 was purchased from Genzyme. All other chemicals were obtained from Sigma if not specified otherwise.
A total of 31 patients with active Crohn's disease (CD) and 38 patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) participated in the study between April 1994 and November 1996 (figures show the exact number of patients being investigated in the different experiments conducted). All patients with IBD attended the outpatient clinics of the Charité University Hospital in Berlin because of increased clinical activity. Increased activity was documented both by clinical assessment as well as disease activity indices (table 1). At the time blood was drawn 24 of 31 patients with CD and 36 of 38 patients with UC received treatment with oral salicylates (mesalazine (Salofalk, Claversal, or Pentasa); salazosulfapyridine (Azulfidine or Colopleon); olsalazine (Dipentum)). None of the patients received steroids and/or cytotoxic drugs, immunosuppressive agents or antibiotics at the time of the initial examination. Six patients with active IBD (three CD, three UC) who were started on steroids in a standard dosage (60 mg prednisolone, tapered according to clinical response) were followed longitudinally. All patients with IBD underwent sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy for routine clinical evaluation and only those with at least moderate activity by endoscopic assessment were included. Patients with ulcerative colitis were required to have at least 20 cm of inflamed mucosa by endoscopy. Crohn's disease patients were required to show inflammatory lesions in the colon (with and without manifestations in the small bowel) (table1). Infection or parasites were excluded by stool cultures, microscopic stool examination, and serology.
Patients with IBD kept daily diaries for one week after the examination in which they recorded the occurrence of specific symptoms used to calculate the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) or the Clinical Colitis Activity Index (CAI), respectively.40 ,41 The CDAI provides a calculated composite score which incorporates eight items: number of liquid or very soft stools, general well being, abdominal pain, abdominal mass, haematocrit, body weight, extraintestinal manifestations, and use of opiate receptor stimulating drugs for the control of diarrhoea. Higher scores indicate more disease activity. Patients with a score below 150 are considered to be in clinical remission and scores above 450 reflect severely active Crohn's disease. The CAI incorporates seven clinical items: number of stools, blood in stools, investigator's global assessment of symptomatic state, body temperature due to colitis, abdominal pain, extraintestinal manifestations, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Patients with a CAI of 4 or less are considered to be in remission. Two patients with CD and one patient with UC did not have active disease with regard to the clinical score and results were excluded from the study analysis.
Blood was drawn after informed consent and the study was granted prior approval by the institutional review board. Normal controls (NC, n = 24) were age and sex matched healthy volunteers. Patients with bacterial infectious colitis (IC, n = 9) who were admitted to hospital because of severe symptoms and who showed mucosal inflammation by sigmoidoscopic assessment were used as an additional control group (table 1).
HUMAN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR NEUTROPHILS
Human PMN were separated from blood as previously described.42 ,43 In short, peripheral blood containing 1000 U heparin/10 ml was diluted 1:2 with dextran (Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany, 3% in 0.85% sodium chloride solution). After sedimentation of cells, PMN were pelleted (400 g × 5 min) and the remaining erythrocytes twice lysed in 0.2% sodium chloride solution. After 20 seconds the sodium chloride concentration was increased to 0.9% by isovolumetric addition of 1.6% sodium chloride. Cells were then pelleted (400 g × 5 min) and layered over Lymphoprep (Nycomed, Oslo, Norway) (SG = 1.077) and were centrifuged for 30 minutes at 500 g. Cells from the interphase were discarded and the PMN pellet resuspended and washed in phosphate buffered saline. Viability was more than 98% (trypan blue) and the cell suspension contained more than 97% granulocytes (as assessed by morphology in Pappenheim's stain). Monocyte contamination was excluded by double staining for esterases (α-naphthylacetate esterase and chloracetate esterase) and by the random assessment of cell preparations by electron microscopy.44 Moreover, human monocytes secrete interleukin-10 when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide which was not found in PMN culture supernatants.
PMN CULTURES AND CYTOKINE ASSAYS
PMN were cultured at a concentration of 1 × 106cells/ml in RPMI 1640 (supplemented with 10% FCS, 1% pyruvate, 100 U/ml penicillin and 50 μg/ml gentamicin). Cells were cultured in 24 well plates (Nunc, Roskilde, Denmark) with or without lipopolysaccharide (10 μg/ml) in the presence of different concentrations of IL-10 (if applicable). After 24 hours supernatants were separated from cells by centrifugation, snap frozen and stored at –70°C until determination of cytokine levels.
Supernatant concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-1ra were assessed using a specific sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All samples were analysed in duplicate or triplicate. The amount of cross reactivity was assessed by comparison with the concentration yielding a 50% inhibition of binding. Specificity of the ELISAs was demonstrated by the finding that up to 100 pg/ml of IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, G-CSF, GM-CSF and TNF-α showed no significant cross reactivity or interference. Sensitivity levels were between 2.0 pg/ml (IL-1β) and 4.0 pg /ml (TNF-α), intra- and inter-assay precision variability was below 3%.45Repeated thawing and freezing of the cultured cells, which would release cytokines stored in the cytoplasm, did not increase the cytokine levels significantly. Therefore all cytokines synthesised were secreted into the supernatants.
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (RT-PCR)
RNA was extracted by a modified guanidium-thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction.46 In short, after removal of culture supernatants and washing, cells were lysed in guanidium solution (4 M guanidium-isothiocyanate, 25 mM sodium citrate, 0.5% sarcosyl, 0.1 M 2-mercaptoethanol, pH 7.0). After removal of cellular DNA 0.1 volumes of 2 M sodium acetate (pH 4.0) and one volume of H2O saturated phenol as well as 0.2 volumes of chloroform:isoamyl alcohol (49:1) were added sequentially. The mixture was incubated on ice (15 minutes) and then centrifuged (20 minutes × 12 000 g). The watery phase contained RNA which was precipitated overnight with one volume of 2-propanol (–20°C). After centrifugation (20 minutes × 12 000g) the pellet was again dissolved in 300 μl guanidium solution (composed as described above) and precipitated with 2.5 volumes of 100% ethanol. Following centrifugation the pellet was washed with 70% ethanol and RNA was resuspended in sterile water which had been treated with 0.1% diethyl pyrocarbonate.
For semiquantitative RT-PCR a cRNA standard (Perkin-Elmer Cetus) was used which contained numerous primer binding sites including those for TNF-α and IL-1β. The weight of approximately 300 bp allows easy discrimination between standard and sample derived DNA. Cellular RNA, prepared as described above, containing wild type (authentic) cytokine mRNA was mixed at constant concentrations with a series of samples containing increasing concentrations of synthetic cRNA standard. Aliquots of RNA mixture were reverse transcribed and amplified according to the method described by Wang et al.47 Preliminary experiments were carried out to ensure that equimolar concentrations of authentic and synthetic cytokine RNA are amplified with identical efficiency.37These studies of amplification kinetics were repeated at different concentrations and for each cytokine. It was decided to use 25 cycles for amplification of both cytokines because linear amplification and equal amplification efficiency could be achieved over the relevant concentration range from 24–27 cycles (TNF-α) and 23–27 cycles (IL-1β), respectively.37 The following primer pairs (Perkin Elmer Cetus) were used:
TNF-α: 5′-CAGAGGGAAGAGTTCCCC AG-3′ and 5′-CCTTGGTCTGGTAGGAG ACG-3′; IL-1β: 5′-AAACAGATGAAGTGCT CCTTCCAGG-3′ and 5′-TGGAGAACACC ACTTGTTGCTCCA-3′.
At the 5′ end the upstream primer was coupled to a fluorescein molecule. The PCR product was diluted in formamide (with 50 mM EDTA, 1:3) and analysed by denaturing 6% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
EXPRESSION OF DATA
The symbol n refers to the number of experiments. All experiments were carried out three or more times. Normal distribution of data was evaluated by calculating Lilliefors' probabilities based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.48 ,49 Results are expressed as mean (SE) if distributed normally. Statistical significance of the differences for non-normally distributed data was tested with the Mann-Whitney U test or the Wilcoxon matched pairs test, respectively,49 ,50 and results are given as mean with interquartile percentiles.50
INCREASED SECRETION OF INTERLEUKIN 1β AND TNF-α BY PMN FROM PATIENTS WITH INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION
Spontaneous secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α by PMN was seen only at low levels (table 2). Lipopolysaccharide stimulated secretion of IL-1β (fig 1, table 2) from PMN from patients with Crohn's disease (p = 0.0024) and ulcerative colitis (p = 0.0025) was higher than that from normal control cells. PMN from patients with infectious colitis also showed increased secretion of IL-1β into culture supernatants in comparison with normal controls (p = 0.015). In a similar fashion secretion of TNF-α (fig 2, table 2) into culture supernatants was increased by PMN from patients with Crohn's disease (p = 0.0026), ulcerative colitis (p = 0.0093), and infectious colitis (p = 0.027) in comparison with normal controls. Time course experiments demonstrated that more than 70% of the IL-1β and the TNF-α was secreted during the first eight hours of culture and that after 24 hours maximum concentrations had been reached (data not shown).
Secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-1ra by PMN from patients with IBD, infectious colitis or normal controls
Lipopolysaccharide induced secretion of IL-1β by peripheral blood PMN.
Lipopolysaccharide induced secretion of TNF-α by peripheral blood PMN.
SECRETION OF IL-1RA IN IBD AND NORMAL PMN
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils from patients with IBD and normal controls spontaneously secreted considerable amounts of IL-1ra. Stimulation with lipopolysaccharide greatly increased IL-1ra secretion, with both Crohn's disease (p = 0.019) and ulcerative colitis PMN (p = 0.004) producing more than normal controls (fig 3, table 2). Secretion of IL-1ra did not differ between PMN from patients with infectious colitis and normal controls. No statistical differences in IL-1β/IL-1ra molar ratios were seen between IBD and normal control PMN (data not shown).
Lipopolysaccharide induced secretion of IL-1ra by peripheral blood PMN.
SECRETION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES BY PERIPHERAL PMN DURING LONGITUDINAL FOLLOW UP
Six patients with IBD were followed into steroid induced remission. All but one patient showed a substantial decrease in the secretion of TNF-α (fig 4) and IL-1β (data not shown). This patient suffered from Crohn's disease. Although in clinical remission at the time of examination, he presented two weeks later with signs of high disease activity. Two patients with infectious colitis were re-examined after complete resolution of symptoms. TNF-α and IL-1β secretion levels declined well into the normal range (fig 4).
Longitudinal follow up of patients with mucosal inflammation.
DOWNREGULATION OF PMN PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE SECRETION BY IL-10
Interleukin 10 is a potent contra-inflammatory mediator which downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by PMN from both normal controls and patients with IBD in a dose dependent manner (table3, fig 5). No differences between IBD and normal control cells were seen with regard to the inhibitory capacity of IL-10. IL-10 downregulation of lipopolysaccharide induced TNF-α and IL-1β secretion, respectively, was accompanied by inhibition of corresponding mRNA levels (fig 6). IL-10 upregulated secretion of IL-1ra in a dose dependent manner (table 3). Neither IBD nor normal control PMN were secreting any detectable IL-10 (data not shown).
Regulation of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-1ra secretion by IL-10 in PMN from patients with IBD and normal controls
Downregulation of PMN pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by IL-10.
Pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA in PMN and regulation by IL-10.
It has been suggested that both IL-1β and TNF-α may be important mediators involved in the initiation and perpetuation of intestinal inflammation in IBD. This study demonstrates that enhanced levels of both cytokines are released by purified peripheral polymorphonuclear neutrophils from patients with intestinal inflammation. Our main understanding has been that PMN will enter inflamed sites in the intestine in great numbers,1-4 ,51 ,52 unload mostly non-specific molecules including superoxide anions, lipid mediators and proteases, and then transmigrate through the bowel wall into the lumen.3 ,8This view of the neutrophil as a short lived cell which does not partake in specific immunoregulation was modified by recent studies which showed that: (1) normal PMN are capable of a stimulus dependent release of a host of cytokines in vitro,29-31 ,38 (2) corresponding cytokine mRNAs could be induced in PMN,30 ,31 ,38 and (3) activation of PMN prolongs their life span by preventing apoptosis (RD Lohmann and S Schreiber, unpublished data).
This study now shows that PMN carry the capacity to release increased amounts of IL-1β and TNF-α in vitro in active inflammatory bowel disease and infectious colitis. On stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, pro- inflammatory cytokine secretion is maximised in PMN from patients with intestinal inflammation. Increased amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines which have been found in both the mucosa9-18and the faeces20 of patients with IBD may therefore be produced to a considerable part by PMN. Increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines does not appear to be specific for IBD because PMN from patients with infectious colitis also showed increased release of IL-1β and TNF-α.
Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist can competitively block IL-1β from binding to its receptor. Secretion of IL-1ra as an anti-inflammatory molecule is therefore regarded as an important negative feedback mechanism to limit the potential pro-inflammatory effects of IL-1β.19 ,53 We did not observe any statistically significant differences in molar ratios of IL-1ra to IL-1β between PMN from normal controls and patients with IBD. Deficient secretion of IL-1ra does not therefore appear to play a pivotal role in PMN mediated immunoregulation.
The immunological activation of neutrophils can be divided into "priming" and "activation".8 21 25 26 We hypothesise that our in vitro findings show an increased level of priming of circulating neutrophils leads to enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Only upon activation by a secondary stimulus (lipopolysaccharide) may PMN from patients with intestinal inflammation secrete increased amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the mucosa. As neutrophils are excreted with the faeces in patients with IBD, these cells may contribute to the increased levels of TNF-α which were found in the stools of children with IBD or infective diarrhoea.20 However, little is known about the in vivo penetration of lipopolysaccharide as a stimulus for cytokine release into the inflamed mucosa. Further studies which address the in vivo role of PMN in the inflamed mucosa are therefore necessary.
The detection of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA in PMN from both normal controls and patients with IBD indicate that cytokine production may be tightly regulated in PMN. Interleukin 10 is a powerful contra-inflammatory molecule inducing downregulation of macrophage as well as of T (h1) lymphocyte activation.32-37 Moreover, recent studies indicate a potential role for IL-10 as an anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent in inflammatory bowel disease, which inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from mononuclear phagocytes in vitro and in vivo.37 ,39 Our observations indicate that IL-10 has the capacity to inhibit both pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels and secretion in polymorphonuclear neutrophils from patients with IBD and induces secretion of IL-1ra.
The detection of cytokine mRNA in PMN already indicated that the inflammatory activation of these cells may be restricted by complex transcriptional controls. Activation of NF-κB may be a pivotal event in pro-inflammatory signal transduction and transcriptional regulation.54 ,55 Future studies will therefore address the role of cytokine transcription factors in PMN and other inflammatory cells in patients with IBD.
We have shown that neutrophils from patients with intestinal inflammation secrete high levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in comparison with normal control PMN after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. Interleukin 10 is a powerful inhibitor of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and transcription by PMN in both patients with IBD and normal controls. As activation prolongs the short life span of PMN,56 we conclude that neutrophils may be important contributors to the initiation and perpetuation of mucosal inflammation and deserve further attention as competent immunoregulatory cells.
This work was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SCH 512/1–2 to SS), by a European Training and Mobility of Research Network Grant (ERB-4061-PL-97–0389), by a stipend from the German Crohn's and Colitis Foundation (DCCV) to SN, and by development grants from Genzyme GmbH and MFG.
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8 surprising things you shouldn't recycle in Phoenix
PHOENIX -- Putting the wrong things in city recycling bins costs Phoenix money and can contaminate good recyclables.
8 surprising things you shouldn't recycle in Phoenix PHOENIX -- Putting the wrong things in city recycling bins costs Phoenix money and can contaminate good recyclables. Check out this story on azcentral.com: http://azc.cc/1TG32XD
Dustin Gardiner, The Republic | azcentral.com Published 10:15 a.m. MT Feb. 24, 2016 | Updated 4:52 p.m. MT Feb. 2, 2017
Many Valley cities and towns fall below the national average for recycling rates. How can you help your city recycle better? Here are some tips. Wochit
A plastic bag has slipped into a machine sorting cardboard and paper at Phoenix's North Gateway Transfer Station.(Photo: David Wallace/The Republic)
Phoenix residents hear a lot about what they should be putting in their blue curbside recycling bins, and for good reason — the city recycles less than most other large cities in the country.
But avoiding putting the wrong things in those bins can be just as important.
When recycling contains too many of the wrong materials, such as plastic shopping bags or pizza boxes, it costs the city more money and can force the city to actually throw away good recyclables that become contaminated.
Yvette Roeder, a spokeswoman for the Public Works Department, said the city's recycling costs are about $1 million higher every year because of contaminants. She said Phoenix must pay labor costs for workers to sort out non-recyclable items, repair equipment that gets damaged and pay extra fees to its recycling contractor.
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"People need to remember that they could very well be recycling correctly 90 percent of the time," Roeder said in an email. "But if they had a moment of weakness, and threw away, for example, food waste, into the blue bin, all the contents in that recycling bin are considered contaminated because it lowered the value of the commodity in the bin."
Phoenix has a goal to increase its citywide waste-diversion rate, the portion of its trash that gets recycled, composted or doesn't end up in a landfill, to 40 percent by 2020. But the city remains far from that.
The city's waste-diversion rate was 20 percent in 2015, Roeder said. In other large cities, the rate ranges from about 76 percent in Los Angeles to 18 percent in San Antonio, according to a 2011-12 survey conducted by UCLA. Nationally, the average is around 34 percent, though cities measure some aspects differently.
Residents can help Phoenix improve its rate by recycling the right things: plastic bottles with the caps on; empty beverage cans; newspaper, junk mail and copy paper; plastic jugs; food jars; glass bottles; food cans; and cardboard and cartons.
Here are 8 materials Phoenix residents commonly mistake as recyclable but actually shouldn't be placed in the city's blue bins:
Plastic bags can get stuck in recycling equipment. (Photo: Getty Images)
Shopping bags are one of the most frequent offenders in blue bins. An estimated 731 tons of plastic bags were found in the city's recycling in 2014. As a grocery bag weighs almost nothing, that "means there are plastic bags for days," Roeder said.
Shopping bags and other plastic films — such as sandwich baggies, dry-cleaning bags or trash bags — can get stuck in recycling equipment, forcing repairs and stopping recycling production. While plastic films or soft plastics aren't allowed in city containers, they can be recycled in bins found near the entrance of many grocery stores. Reusable shopping bags are another alternative, and some grocers give discounts for using them.
Pizza boxes often contain food waste or oils that can't be recycled. (Photo: Getty Images)
Many forms of cardboard can be recycled, but not pizza boxes. Roeder said food containers that are greasy or have food stuck to them cannot be recycled because the quality of the cardboard has been denigrated. Cardboard food containers that can easily be rinsed clean or have a waxy surface — such as frozen-food packaging, juice boxes and coffee cups — usually are recyclable.
Pet-food bags
Pet-food backs can't be recycled. Food waste can contaminate entire bins of recyclables. (Photo: Getty Images)
Dog- and cat-food bags generally have a plastic lining inside them that isn't recyclable. Roeder said the plastic film is difficult to separate from the paper of the bag, so it cannot be processed.
Clothes shouldn't be placed in recycling bins. They should be donated. (Photo: Getty Images)
Clothing is another of the more problematic materials found in recycling bins. Like shopping bags, clothing can get stuck in recycling equipment and stop the entire production process. An estimated 2,582 tons of textiles were found in the city's recycling in 2014. Roeder said residents should instead donate their unwanted clothes, sheets, towels, rugs and other textiles.
A styrofoam cup sitting on a desk. (Photo: Getty Images)
This one is a common misunderstanding. Whether it's a to-go box from a restaurant or packing peanuts, Styrofoam or polystyrene foam is never recyclable in city bins. Roeder suggested people use newspaper or shredded paper for packaging rather foam peanuts. A Tempe-based company, Earth Friendly Building Materials, also recycles some forms of polystyrene foam and uses the material to make building blocks. Clean polystyrene foam, such as the packaging forms that come with new appliances or TVs, can be dropped off at the company's collection bin at 205 S. Industrial Drive in Tempe.
Diapers are considered a non recyclable item. (Photo: The Republic)
Believe it or not, this is a problem. Phoenix found an estimated 572 tons of disposable diapers in its recycling in 2014. The paper or plastic found in diapers is not recyclable. If diapers are unused, Roeder suggests people donate them rather than throwing them in a recycling bin.
Wire hangers are not recyclable. (Photo: Getty Images)
The shape of wire hangers can cause them to tangle in recycling equipment and do damage. However, residents can take their extra wire hangers to many dry-cleaning businesses, which reuse the hangers.
Grass clippings cannot be recycled. (Photo: Getty Images)
Grass clippings, weeds and other yard waste can't go in blue bins. However, Phoenix has a new program to help residents dispose of this waste in an eco-friendly way, though the program is only available in some areas. For an extra $5 per month, customers can get a tan curbside container for green organics, which is strictly for yard waste. Go to phoenix.gov/publicworks/recycling to see if the program is available in your neighborhood.
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Bicyclist Voices Safety Concerns
There are a growing number of cyclists in Jonesboro, but there are still no roads with designated bike lanes in the city and some cyclists feel there are not many safe places to ride. ASU TV's Kirsten May looked into what is being done in Jonesboro to make it more bike-friendly.
JONESBORO, Ark. — "We need to wrap our heads as a community around the concept of a bicycle being part of our transportation mix."
Bill Smith is the marketing and communications director for Arkansas State University and he is a cyclist.
Many people in Jonesboro are students or work in town who are now using a bicycle as their main form of transportation, and he said he thinks the city needs to focus on helping them ride safer.
"Certainly I think that we could see a greater commitment to bicycle infrastructure in our town, a greater commitment to a plan for how that will be moved around town, and not just in a parks and (recreation) mode," Smith said. "I think that's the future and I think that's what millennials want."
Jonesboro Parks and Recreation director Wixon Huffstetler said bike safety is a priority for the city and they are working to improve it.
"You know, the new trail obviously at Craighead Forrest that we are building that'll connect eventually to the greenway that's in town and we're definitely looking at bike lanes on the outskirts of Jonesboro and on the bigger roads that we can fit them on," he said.
Huffstetler understands cyclists want more done on the roads and said the city is looking at how to make that work.
"It's just that Jonesboro is so grown together on the inside of the city, inner city, that it's hard to figure out how to put bike lanes in without having to buy property or acquire ride away and stuff like that, which is a long process," he said.
He said the city is constantly looking for grants to help improve infrastructure for bicyclists.
Both Huffstetler and Smith agree the best thing is for both riders and drivers to be aware of their surroundings and obey all traffic laws.
Smith said cyclists fare best when they act like drivers and are predictable.
Smith is teaching a vehicular riding course that teaches experienced cyclists how to be safer when riding in traffic. He said to message the Arkansas State University Facebook page or email him if you are interested in taking the class.
tagged with Arkansas State University, Bill Smith, Wixon Huffstetler


RALEIGH, N.C. — A birth to the Sweet 16 is on the line Saturday as the Virginia Cavaliers will square off against the Butler Bulldogs in a round of 32 match-up in Raleigh, N.C.
The game will tip off at 7:10 p.m on TBS. Virginia is a 7 point favorite.
UVA defeated no. 16 seed Hampton, 81-45, in the first round of the NCAA tournament Thursday.
The Pirates hung in with the Cavs throughout most on the first half, trailing 20-18, with 5:52 left. That's when UVA ended the first half on a 20-3 run to establish a commanding 40-21 lead at the half.
First round of the 2016 NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament at PNC Arena on March 17, 2016 in Raleigh, North Carolina.
Forward Anthony Gil led Virginia with 19 points as the team shot 55.2 percent from the field, made 12 3-pointers and turned the ball over only five times.
The impressive showing especially caught the eye on Hampton coach Ed Joyner Jr.
Butler, one of the most consistent college basketball programs over the last five years, is coming off a 10 point victory over Texas Tech in the first round of the tournament.
Virginia head coach Tony Bennett has taken notice.
Saturday's second round match-up will be the first time the two schools meet on the hardwood.
The Hoos come into the game with a dominant neutral court record of 7-1 this season, while the Bulldogs are a respectable 4-2.
The Virginia Cavaliers look to advance to the coveted Sweet 16 for the first time since 2014. The team lost to Michigan State in second round last season.
The winner of the game will play either the no. 4 seed, Iowa State or the upset-minded no.12 seed Little Rock in the Sweet 16.
The Mid-West regional Sweet 16 will take place in Chicago on March 25 at the United Center.
The Hoos navigated one of the toughest schedules in the country including non-conference wins over West Virginia, California and Villanova, three teams that have advanced to the round of 32.
Despite the strong season and no. 1 seed, the team missed out of the ACC regular season and conference championship to the North Carolina Tar Heels.
The Cavaliers are playing in the tournament for the third consecutive season under head coach Tony Bennett.


Only 18 years later, despite warnings from his victims, his prosecutor and even the Correctional Service of Canada, Shrubsall has been granted full parole and is to be deported to the United States.
Paul Carver, the Nova Scotia prosecutor who sought the dangerous offender status for Shrubsall, was similarly wary. "I have seen and heard nothing over the last 18 years that suggests he has changed his behaviour," Carver told the Buffalo News .
In February 1998, he entered a Halifax knitting shop with a baseball bat and beat the 24-year-old clerk into a coma, requiring her skull to be reconstructed with 12 metal plates and 50 screws.
He also bilked churches of money, stalked former girlfriends and attempted to enroll in a Halifax high school .


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Argument: Democracy Needs a New Sales Pitch Democracy Needs a New Sales Pitch... | View Comments ()
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Democracy Needs a New Sales Pitch
Here's how to get the world excited about it again.
People raise signs behind a U.S. flag at a campaign rally in Grand Rapids, Michigan, on March 8, 2020.
People raise signs behind a U.S. flag at a campaign rally in Grand Rapids, Michigan, on March 8, 2020. JEFF KOWALSKY/AFP via Getty Images
By John Austin, the director of the Michigan Economic Center, and Elaine Dezenski, senior director and head of the Center on Economic and Financial Power at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies.
In a recent address at Ditchley Park, former British Prime Minister Tony Blair described today's moment as a global inflection point, a time akin to the early post-World War II years or after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, when Western nations had to rethink and remake our policies both foreign and domestic.
In Blair's words: "We need a new plan, a way of looking at the world, to make sense of it and how best to pursue the advancement of its people…Western democracies need a new project that gives direction, inspires hope, and is a credible explanation of the way the world is changing and how we succeed within it."
He is right. We do need a new plan.
We need to define and enlist allies in a shared global agenda to strengthen our national economies and democracies. To equip ourselves with the economic strength and political will to maintain a democratic rules-based order while checking authoritarian interests. In this new moment of clarity and confrontation, we must demonstrate that our democratic systems deliver more in the form of both political freedoms and economic opportunity than strongman states—states that foster corruption at home, destroy basic rights, build dependency, and employ tools of coercion abroad.
We must also be honest about our own domestic challenges. In the United States, United Kingdom, and across Europe, faltering heartland regions and their alienated, angry, and anxious residents are a prime driver of populist movements, particularly anti-democratic right-wing variants. These support a new nativism and advocate retreat from the international community. They are movements that support the rise of an authoritarian to "fix things." Meeting these internal threats to our own democracies is a prerequisite for confronting the authoritarian challenge abroad.
Today's urgent challenge differs from earlier inflection points. This is because yawning economic inequalities within Western democracies are today a primary driver of polarizing populist movements, fueling distrust and seeding instability in our democratic governance systems. The wealthy few reap more, the middle class is hollowing out, and the poor bear the brunt of change, whether from globalization, climate change, or soaring inflation and cost of living.
Particularly dangerous are the economic gaps between residents of thriving global city regions and the increasingly angry, alienated residents of communities left behind by economic change.
Particularly dangerous are the economic gaps between residents of thriving global city regions and the increasingly angry, alienated residents of communities left behind by economic change. Arguably the implications of the growing divide were not fully grasped by Tony Blair in the United Kingdom or a succession of U.S. leaders over the last three decades. But the evidence of this divide has been growing for years, from the ailing factory towns of the American Midwest to the hollowed industrial centers of England's North. Many of those living in regions experiencing relative economic decline responded to these conditions with support for anti-democratic populists, those who threatened to dismantle democratic governments from within.
During the last global inflection point Blair mentions in his Ditchley address—what philosopher and economist Francis Fukuyama billed the "end of history"—the Berlin Wall fell, the Cold War ended, and we saw the rise and opening to the West of both China and Russia (or so we thought). It seemed for an historical moment as if all nations could work together to nurture economic opportunity and freedom across the globe.
Later with the United States and many other nations reeling from the fallout of the Great Recession and the global financial crisis, the election of President Barack Obama was embraced around the world, suggesting renewed hope that the United States under his leadership could join with allies to again constructively to address many emerging challenges. Given the high expectations among many, particularly in Europe, it seemed possible that the time was right to forge new agreements and protocols on how we would work together to solve shared and global challenges around big topics: international security, climate change, terrorism, the stability of the financial and trading systems, health and education, civil and women's rights, and the free flow of information.
But Obama got politically dragged down at home and found few kindred spirits among leaders abroad, including in Europe. The economic freefall of the working class, combined with the apparent exoneration of the global financial elite, contributed to public resentments and the rise of populist movements threatening democracy in countries of the West. Ultimately, Obama's foreign policy contributed to our current weaknesses with China, Syria, and other countries, as it looked like a further retreat from U.S. leadership in global system.
A man cleans graffiti from the front of a building after pro-democracy protests in Hong Kong on Sept. 30, 2019. Chris McGrath/Getty Images
Police detain a man during a pro-democracy rally in Moscow on Jan. 31, 2021. ALEXANDER NEMENOV/AFP via Getty Images
As a result, a rising China ended up dashing Western hopes it would integrate with the West and democratize, as evidence has grown that not only was it not really joining in Western norms and our economic and political order, while economically benefitting from it, but rather had designs on how to supplant them. Finally, Russia's invasion of Ukraine put an exclamation point on the obliterated Western hopes that it too could be trusted to join the family of nations.
Today it is increasingly clear that we are not going to forge new universal global agreements about how best to "run the world." The postwar global institutions are being weakened in part by countries that do not want to play by these rules and in part by populists at home. These include Donald Trump, along with Boris Johnson until his recent comeuppance in Britain, Marine Le Pen in France, and now Georgia Meloni in Italy, who all wish to undermine these rules and the influence of the "globalists."
Today it is increasingly clear that we are not going to forge new universal global agreements about how best to "run the world."
And we cannot use the old playbooks to win the new competition. In this new pitched battle, containment—the strategy that won the Cold War—is not an option. As Blair points out, unlike prior inflection points, today the "East is on par with the West" in terms of economic clout. China is too big, influential, and a tightly integrated part of the global economy and polity to simply isolate it and wait for the inevitable collapse.
Today's contest can only be won by strengthening the hand of democracies and free people, strengthening the influence and numbers of those who want to play by an open rules-based and freedom-valuing regime, and enlisting in the struggle and linking arms with countries on the fence between the two systems, by offering a better and more attractive alternative.
Blair offers a similar diagnosis, but his proposed remedies are not up to the ambition of his call for a new "plan" for the West. He looks chiefly to the power of new and emerging technologies to solve a host of global challenges from raising living standards to improving health care to tackling climate change. Technology drives progress, but this is a very "top-down" approach, an expectation that miracle technologies from on high will save us all. We maintain that the work needs to begin from the ground up.
We propose to address the root causes of anti-democratic movements at home and abroad, and a new strategic foundation for democratic strength and unity abroad.
A woman pushes a stroller in front of a boarded-up property in in Redcar, England, on Sept. 29, 2015, follwing the announcement that a steel plant in the town would close causing the loss of 1700 jobs. Ian Forsyth/Getty Images
Street scenes from the historical steel mill town of Braddock, Pennsylvania, once a thriving center of America's steel industry, on Oct. 13, 2016. Andrew Lichtenstein/Corbis via Getty Images
First, to heal our politics at home and douse the embers of anxiety and resentment that can be easily fanned to engulf our democracies, we must forge a more broadly shared economic condition. This entails closing yawning economic opportunity gaps that feed frustration, encourage nostalgia, and pull back from international collaboration. Part of this objective must be to empower as well as to rebuild the communities that have missed out. Everyone needs a stake if these local and global challenges are to be met, and everyone needs to feel in control of their own future.
It starts locally with national leaders helping to catalyze and support locally owned, operated, and governed economic rejuvenation efforts. Democracy and market economies thrive when more people have more opportunity to contribute and reap the benefits. The project for leaders of Western democracies is to get busy learning how to listen to, respect, connect with, and deliver for the working classes, particularly in the politically potent industrial heartland regions that are hotbeds of resentment and unrest.
Closing economic divides is also an urgent international project. As we are learning in our initiative to accelerate economic change in industrial regions, there is a convergence of interest and shared urgency in closing economic gulfs for the political benefits of social and political "peace" and cohesion. We need to take "what works" locally and spread and share effective approaches on a grander scale and with our allies. As international partners, we can learn from and assist each other in how to do this work well.
There are paths to new prosperity among the similarly situated industrial regions of the United States, United Kingdom, and Europe, including manufacturing communities that have lost their economic anchors.
As we have documented, there are paths to new prosperity among the similarly situated industrial regions of the United States, United Kingdom, and Europe, including manufacturing communities that have lost their economic anchors. We have learned that communities that have turned an economic corner build on their identity, who they are, what they make and produce, but take it into the future and diversify. They leverage the assets they have, and fashion and execute their own strategic vision and blueprint for economic change.
Some innovate and seed new businesses in emerging sectors by leveraging universities and research institutions. Others become the most highly trained and best educated communities. Some embrace a globalized world and build out export industries, fashion new international entanglements, and welcome new immigrants. Still others grow their own green and blue sustainable economies based on clean energy and smart water solutions. Other community success paths are found by building on unique history, arts and cultural assets, or natural locations on the water or in the mountains, or otherwise developing community amenities that offer a rich quality of life and place.
Perhaps more important is what we have learned about how local and national leaders can best aid this transformation. First by meeting heartland residents with respect, understanding, and seeing things as residents of struggling regions do: the degraded downtowns, the loss of young people, the disappearance of important institutions. By not patronizing residents, talking down to them, or telling them they need to change or what they need to do. Change cannot be "done to" community residents. A new vision for the future and plan to get there must be locally owned and operated.
Supporters of former U.S. President Donald Trump clash with police and security forces as they try to storm the U.S. Capitol in Washington on Jan. 6, 2021.
Stop Projecting America's Democratic Decline Onto the World
Washington's institutions are faring far worse than those of its peers.
Thomas Carothers, Benjamin Press
This work is an important priority for the West, but it has mostly to do with the domestic challenge of preserving our own democracy from threats within. We also need a new foreign policy and a more aggressive and effective international development, trade, investment, and engagement agenda to counter authoritarians and strengthen the hand of the democratic alliance.
A robust "ally-shoring" plan is the lead element of this new affirmative foreign policy. One that works to strengthen our Western economies, shore up and expand our alliances, and make a winning offer to "on-the-fence" countries to work and benefit with us versus the corrupting and dependency building development assistance "offers" emanating from China in particular. Ally-shoring also mitigates supply chain dependencies by limiting exposure of critical supply chains, where we do not want to be over-reliant on rogue regimes, open to espionage and piracy, or to have our dependencies used as a tool of political coercion. Today we see clearly how dependencies on Russia's oil, gas, and grain, and China's use of everything from personal protective equipment to critical minerals, both threaten consumers and markets.
A new alliance clearly needs to start with democracies around the world that want to work together and strengthen an open and free rules-based world order, as well as our economies, and by extension our political and (when needed) military influence. President Joe Biden has begun to try and jumpstart this type of effort with his series of democracy summits.
While starting with democracies, as Ash Jain and Matthew Kroenig argue in their recent excellent proposal for new trade strategy for democracies, we also need to include near-democracies, such as Vietnam, that are major economic partners, that we want to entice to move more in our direction, and that will agree to certain clear norms for open rules-based economic relations and development. We also need lots of partners in the developing world if we are to keep the collective benefits of highly efficient global supply chains, including those implicating lower cost producers. These countries benefit in turn through economic growth, rising living standards, and movement up the value-added food chain.
These two paths—revitalizing our industrial heartlands and ally-shoring—will not solve all our world's problems, but they are the right place to start. This is the way that our democratic values and institutions must save the day (again). As Blair rightly says, this is a political and economic crossroads for the world order and perhaps especially for those countries who after the end of the Cold War thought that these moments were behind us. We thought that history—at least in that sense—was at an end. But as real and proxy wars rage on, it is clear it is not.
As Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson remind us, both global and domestic democracies are on a "narrow path" and the future is not guaranteed, neither at home nor throughout the world. Which is why we in the West need a new plan.
Jeffrey Anderson and Andy Westwood contributed to this article.
John Austin is the director of the Michigan Economic Center and a nonresident senior fellow with the Chicago Council on Global Affairs and Brookings Institution. Twitter: @John_C_Austin
Elaine Dezenski is senior director and head of the Center on Economic and Financial Power at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies.
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Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi speaks following a funeral procession carrying the remains of 200 Iranian soldiers recovered from former battlefields of the 1980-88 Iran-Iraq War in Tehran on Dec. 27, 2022.
Riyadh seeks to leverage ongoing anti-government protests to extract geopolitical concessions from Tehran—not effect regime change.
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Moscow's scramble for valuable resources has come at the cost of regional security.


After a long wait finally Samsung made official the launch of its first mobile folding. This is the Samsung Galaxy Fold, presented together with the Samsung Galaxy S10, S10+ and the Samsung Galaxy s10e netbook.
A smartphone that comes with the strong intention to revolutionize the market. Read this article and discover all the details of this innovative mobile.
This smartphone can be used as a normal mobile with a 4.3-inch display or expand up to 7.3″ where we can handle an application with the full interface, or run up to three apps simultaneously.
beyond being a mobile phone with an original feature as is the ability to fold, the Galaxy Fold has excellent specifications. It is equipped with a processor Qualcomm 855 or an Exynos 9820 depending on the country. It also has about 12 GB of RAM and 512 GB of internal storage.
In terms of autonomy, has a battery 4380 mAh, that looks good to power the huge screen that it has. The price is also something that surprises you, 1980 $ (1750 € to change) seems very high in spite of the features that it has.
Will be available from 26 April this year, in a 4G version and another for the new network 5G. It is expensive, but it was expected, as it is a new concept and very revolutionary.
¿you think the Galaxy Fold? Would you be willing to pay your price? Leave your opinion in the comments.


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Ив Роше́ (; 7 апреля 1930 года, Ля Гасийи, Морбиан, Бретань — 26 декабря 2009 года, Париж) —  французский промышленник, основатель одноимённой компании по производству косметических товаров.

Биография
Ив Роше родился в городке Ля Гасийи в провинции Бретань в семье юриста. Его вдохновляли пейзажи родных мест, поэтому, окончив институт, он занялся изучением растительного мира. В 1959 году он создал фирму по производству косметики, дав ей собственное имя. Первоначально товары рассылались по почте, в 1969 году Роше открыл свой первый магазин.

С 1962 по 2008 годы Ив Роше являлся главой муниципалитета родного города, многие жители которого были заняты работой для его компании. Здесь по его инициативе появился первый во Франции музей растений. Занимаясь политической и экономической деятельностью региона, в 1982 году Ив Роше стал генеральным советником Бретани, а в 1992 — членом её регионального совета. В том же году он решил уйти из бизнеса, передав полномочия своему старшему сыну Дидье. Однако, три года спустя, вследствие трагической гибели Дидье Роше в декабре 1995 года, Ив Роше был вынужден вернуться к работе в корпорации и затем возглавлял ее вплоть до своей кончины.

Ив Роше умер в одном из парижских госпиталей на 80-м году жизни.

Признание
 1977 — ежемесячный журнал Armor Magazine назвал Ива Роше бретонцем года
 1992 — Офицер Ордена Почётного легиона
 2007 — Командор Ордена Почётного легиона

Примечания

Ссылки
 www.carolinedaily.com
 www.popsugar.com
 www.parismatch.com

Предприниматели Франции
Мэры городов Франции
Депутаты департаментских советов Франции
Депутаты региональных советов Франции

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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BFC Forex inaugurates 21st Branch in Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh
7 Oct 21 - India
BFC Forex and Financial Services PVT LTD (BFC Forex) licensed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has opened its 21st branch at Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh. BFC Forex is AD II licensed and specializes in Outward Remittances for various purposes as per the guidelines of the RBI. It is owned by BFC Group Holdings W.L.L, a leading international money transfer and foreign exchange group based in the Kingdom of Bahrain.
The new branch in Vijayawada is the second-largest city in the state of Andhra Pradesh and is one of the fastest growing urban areas in India. The city has emerged as major educational hub. The branch is conveniently located at Sailok Complex, Lappipet and is strategically located to cater to multinational companies, local SMEs who are engaged in entertainment, Construction, food as well as education, health care and transport Industry. The branch will also help to facilitate NRI's residing and working in all parts of the globe and assisting for university fee payment to students pursuing higher studies abroad.
Commenting on the recent expansion of its retail network, Mr. Amitava Saha – General Manager and Country Head of BFC Forex said, " I am pleased to announce the opening of our 21 branches in India and the first branch in Andhra Pradesh State. The city is one of the fastest growing urban area and we are willing to cater the market with the Business opportunities. Our new branch will provide easy accessibility to both businesses as well as individuals in the region allowing customers to avail outward and inward remittance, foreign exchange, travel and wholesale business services at this branch. We also offer over 30 major currencies at competitive rates at zero percent commission. We are committed to offering a pleasurable experience to our customers at BFC Forex."
BFC Forex currently has 20 branches across India and is licensed as Authorised Dealer Category -II granted by RBI. We are a sub-agent of Western Union, MoneyGram, Transfast and Ria Money with the ability to receive money from over 200 countries and territories. We have also been appointed as the Indian Agent for EzRemit Money Transfer. EzRemit provides money transfer services to over 30 countries with more than 46,000 agent locations worldwide. With the license under Money Transfer Service Scheme (MTSS), BFC Forex is able to serve customers by cash payments across its own counters and also through a sub-agent network of more than 15,000 locations in India.
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Bonavista Energy
Eugene Davis joined our Board in August 2020 and serves as our Chair. Mr. Davis currently serves as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of PIRINATE Consulting Group, LLC ("PIRINATE"), a privately held consulting firm specializing in turnaround management, merger and acquisition consulting, hostile and friendly takeovers, proxy contests and strategic planning advisory services for domestic and international public and private business entities. Since forming PIRINATE in 1997, Mr. Davis has advised, managed, sold, liquidated and served as a chief executive officer, chief restructuring officer, director, chairman or committee chairman of a number of businesses operating in diverse sectors.
Prior thereto, Mr. Davis held many senior executive roles and commenced his career as an attorney and international negotiator. During the past five years, Mr. Davis has been a director of numerous public or formerly public companies. In addition, Mr. Davis is and has been a director of several private companies in various industries.
Mr. Davis is well-qualified to serve as Chair of our Board because of his substantial knowledge about strategic planning, mergers and acquisitions, finance, accounting, capital structure and board practices and his extensive experience serving as a director of public and private companies in various industries.
Tina Antony
Tina Antony brings over 25 years of experience specializing in M&A, corporate finance, risk oversight and governance. Since 2017, Ms. Antony has been the Vice President, General Counsel at the Alberta Teachers' Retirement Fund, an institutional investor with over $19 billion under management and is a director of several of its portfolio companies. Prior thereto, she was on the executive of several publicly traded entities and prior to that a Securities and M&A partner at one of Canada's largest national law firms. Ms. Antony was recently honoured as a C-Suite Executive of the Year.
Ms. Antony holds an ICD.D from the Rotman School of Management, and Bachelors of Law and of Music from the University of Calgary. She is a member of Women in Capital Markets, Pension Investment Association of Canada, the Institute of Corporate Directors, and the Vice Chair of the board of Calgary Opera.
George S. Armoyan
George Armoyan is Executive Chairman of G2S2 Capital Inc., President of Armco Capital Inc., and Chairman, President & CEO of Clarke Inc. Mr. Armoyan is an entrepreneur with extensive experience in real estate and various industries. Since 1982, Mr. Armoyan has successfully founded and grown numerous businesses, created shareholder value at several public companies through restructuring operations by applying a common-sense approach to business.
Mr. Armoyan serves on the Board of Clarke Inc. (TSX:CKI), Calfrac Well Services Ltd (TSX:CFW) and Bonavista Energy Corporation.
James L. Bowzer
Jim Bowzer has 35 years of experience in the upstream energy industry and we welcomed him to our Board in October 2020. Mr. Bowzer is a member of the Executive Advisory Board for RLG International which serves as product & service advisors from the upstream and downstream oil and gas, manufacturing, airline and aerospace industries.
Mr. Bowzer has also served as a Director & Chief Executive Officer of Baytex Energy Corp. and was a Vice President for Marathon Oil Corporation with responsibility for shale plays throughout N. America. He has extensive experience in unconventional shale plays in the Bakken, Eagle Ford, Woodford and Canadian heavy oil.
Mr. Bowzer earned a Bachelor of Science degree in petroleum engineering from the University of Wyoming and completed the Graduate Advanced Management Program from the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University.
Tomer Cohen
Tomer Cohen is Vice President of Investments at Clarke Inc. and consultant to the Armoyan family office. In this capacity, he has managed various oil and gas investments, including corporate restructuring and special situations, with a keen focus on unlocking shareholder value. Mr. Cohen previously held various operational and financial roles in Calgary in the natural gas sector, and has extensive experience in joint venture, business development, and contract negotiations.
Mr. Cohen has a Bachelor of Commerce degree with distinction from the University of Calgary and is a member of the Beta Gamma Sigma society.
Van Dafoe
Van Dafoe has over 30 years of experience in the upstream oil and natural gas business. Most recently Mr. Dafoe held the position of Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at ARC Resources Ltd. In that role he oversaw the finance, treasury, accounting, tax, risk management, capital markets, marketing, and information technology teams. He joined ARC in 1999. Previously, he held accounting, finance and management positions with various companies in Calgary.
Mr. Dafoe received a Bachelor of Commerce - Honours from the University of Manitoba and is a member of the Alberta Chartered Professional Accountants. He is also a Director at Bethany Care Foundation.
Chandra A. Henry
Chandra Henry is Chief Financial Officer at Longbow Capital Inc., a private equity investment management company based in Calgary, Alberta that invests predominantly in the North American energy sector. Ms. Henry is also a Board of Director and Chair of the Audit Committee of Headwater Energy Corporation and served as a Board of Director and Chair of the Audit and Risk Committee of Pengrowth Energy Corporation resulting in the sale of the company at a value of $740 million. Prior to Longbow, she held various senior finance positions including Chief Financial Officer for FirstEnergy Capital Corp., an investment bank with operations in Canada, the United States, and England and was instrumental in the completion of the sale of FirstEnergy Capital Corp. and its affiliates to GMP Capital Inc.
Ms. Henry has a Bachelor of Commerce degree from the University of Calgary and has earned the Chartered Professional Accountant (CPA, CA), Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) and Institute of Corporate Directors (ICD.D) designations. She has also served as a Director, Treasurer and Chair of the Audit Committee of the Alberta Ballet Company.
Joseph W. Zalewski
Joe Zalewski joined our Board in August 2020 bringing over 23 years of experience in finance and investment. Mr. Zalewski is a Senior Vice President at Macquarie Investment Management in the fixed income group. Previously, he held the roles of analyst and portfolio manager at several investment management firms including Third Avenue Management, Credit Suisse, and Lehman Brothers.
Mr. Zalewski graduated from Duke University with Bachelor of Arts degrees in Economics and Political Science. He has served on the boards of various companies as a director and an observer, including Liberty Tire Recycling and EasyLink Services.
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The welded connections on the stainless steel bellows allow this safety coupling to perform in high temperature and corrosive environments.
R+W brings heavy duty torque overload protection to dynamic precision applications with the new STB series safety coupling. Featuring the well proven technology of the ball-detent safety element system, which disconnects drivelines within milliseconds of a torque overload event, this version offers the highest precision transfer of motion and torque by using a symmetrically formed, torsionally rigid stainless steel bellows for the inline flexible element. This makes the coupling ideal for high speed, high precision, dynamic and reversing applications.
The STB series is available in a wide variety of sizes and can be configured for disengagement torques between 200 Nm to 160,000 Nm. Users can individually adjust the safety elements to fine tune the disengagement torque level, or change the number of safety elements to make large adjustments to the disengagement torque range even after installation. This particular model is available in the full disengagement function system, and comes with an optional ring for easier re-engagement.
The welded connections on the stainless steel bellows allow this safety coupling to perform in high temperature and corrosive environments. While this model here is shown with a keyway, clamping rings and flange connections are also popular options. Special versions for extreme speeds are also available on request.


text:
class CreateAchievements < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def change
    create_table :achievements do |t|

      t.timestamps
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub