Porsche recently posted a teaser video for their next gen Panamera model on Youtube. Within hours since its launch, official photos of the car leaked online.
The three photos which was made available on Instagram was done by a user and definitely not by the company Porsche. The pictures are of good quality and give a clear perspective of how the car looks. The exterior of the model is much sleeker than it used to be giving a sporty look to the new Panamera. The front is equipped with a new grille which seamlessly integrates with the fog lights and the head lights. The rear design with a hunchback used to be the proprietary choice for Porsche. However, the company has finally removed this design which was detested by many buyers.
The new model is sleek, seamless and has a flat design similar to the one being used in the 911. It is a four door coupe coupled with new tail light design that runs throughout the length of the rear end. Reflector strips are pasted on the lower bumper right above the dual exhaust pipes. An official reveal for the Porsche Panamera model was supposed to be done at a grand event in Germany next week. The auto brand released teasers to build hype for the launch but some random user has stolen the thunder from Porsche.
With such unique lighting, the teaser video is extremely subtle and doesn't reveal any of the design elements. The sound of the engine can be heard in the video but when we match it with the leaked images, we get the whole picture. There is not much to be excited about the car now as we have seen all of it in a matter of hours.
Many photos have leaked throughout the production of the car. We even had the opportunity to see a production version of the model a couple of weeks ago. The powertrain used in the four door coupe is a 3.0-liter V-6 engine as well as a 4.0-liter twin turbo variant with V8 engine. A hybrid is in the cards and with every automaker foraying into the world of electric cars, it won't be surprising if Porsche decides to have one such variant for its next gen Panamera as well.
You can check out the latest teaser video right here and the pictures while gearing up for the official reveal on June 28.


text:
Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/e/pfl122.html
First Name: Bent
Last Name: Flyvbjerg
RePEc Short-ID: pfl122
[This author has chosen not to make the email address public]
http://www.linkedin.com/in/flyvbjerg
http://www.sbs.ox.ac.uk/
Park End Street, Oxford OX1 1HP UK
RePEc:edi:sbsoxuk (more details at EDIRC)
Bent Flyvbjerg & Alexander Budzier & Daniel Lunn, 2020. "Regression to the Tail: Why the Olympics Blow Up," Papers 2009.14682, arXiv.org.
Alexander Budzier & Bent Flyvbjerg & Andi Garavaglia & Andreas Leed, 2019. "Quantitative Cost and Schedule Risk Analysis of Nuclear Waste Storage," Papers 1901.11123, arXiv.org.
Bent Flyvbjerg & Alexander Budzier, 2019. "Report for the Commission of Inquiry Respecting the Muskrat Falls Project," Papers 1901.03698, arXiv.org.
Bent Flyvbjerg & Alexander Budzier, 2018. "Report for the Edinburgh Tram Inquiry," Papers 1805.12106, arXiv.org.
Bent Flyvbjerg, 2018. "Planning Fallacy or Hiding Hand: Which Is the Better Explanation?," Papers 1802.09999, arXiv.org.
Flyvbjerg, Bent, 2018. "Planning Fallacy or Hiding Hand: Which is the Better Explanation?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 383-386.
Bent Flyvbjerg & J. Rodney Turner, 2017. "Do Classics Exist in Megaproject Management?," Papers 1710.09678, arXiv.org.
Bent Flyvbjerg & Chi-keung Hon & Wing Huen Fok, 2017. "Reference Class Forecasting for Hong Kong's Major Roadworks Projects," Papers 1710.09419, arXiv.org.
Atif Ansar & Bent Flyvbjerg & Alexander Budzier & Daniel Lunn, 2016. "Big is Fragile: An Attempt at Theorizing Scale," Papers 1603.01416, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2017.
Bent Flyvbjerg & Allison Stewart & Alexander Budzier, 2016. "The Oxford Olympics Study 2016: Cost and Cost Overrun at the Games," Papers 1607.04484, arXiv.org.
Atif Ansar & Bent Flyvbjerg & Alexander Budzier & Daniel Lunn, 2016. "Does Infrastructure Investment Lead to Economic Growth or Economic Fragility? Evidence from China," Papers 1609.00415, arXiv.org.
Atif Ansar & Bent Flyvbjerg & Alexander Budzier & Daniel Lunn, 2016. "Does infrastructure investment lead to economic growth or economic fragility? Evidence from China," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press, vol. 32(3), pages 360-390.
Bent Flyvbjerg & Cass R. Sunstein, 2015. "The Principle of the Malevolent Hiding Hand; or, the Planning Fallacy Writ Large," Papers 1509.01526, arXiv.org.
Atif Ansar & Bent Flyvbjerg & Alexander Budzier & Daniel Lunn, 2014. "Should we build more large dams? The actual costs of hydropower megaproject development," Papers 1409.0002, arXiv.org.
Ansar, Atif & Flyvbjerg, Bent & Budzier, Alexander & Lunn, Daniel, 2014. "Should we build more large dams? The actual costs of hydropower megaproject development," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 43-56.
Bent Flyvbjerg, 2014. "What You Should Know About Megaprojects, and Why: An Overview," Papers 1409.0003, arXiv.org.
Bent Flyvbjerg, 2013. "How Planners Deal with Uncomfortable Knowledge: The Dubious Ethics of the American Planning Association," Papers 1303.7405, arXiv.org.
Bent Flyvbjerg, 2013. "Five Misunderstandings About Case-Study Research," Papers 1304.1186, arXiv.org.
Bent Flyvbjerg & Nils Bruzelius & Werner Rothengatter, 2013. "Megaprojects and Risk: An Anatomy of Ambition," Papers 1303.7404, arXiv.org.
Bent Flyvbjerg, 2013. "Survival of the Unfittest: Why the Worst Infrastructure Gets Built, And What We Can Do about It," Papers 1303.6571, arXiv.org.
Bent Flyvbjerg, 2009. "Survival of the unfittest: why the worst infrastructure gets built--and what we can do about it," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press, vol. 25(3), pages 344-367, Autumn.
Bent Flyvbjerg, 2013. "Quality Control and Due Diligence in Project Management: Getting Decisions Right by Taking the Outside View," Papers 1302.2544, arXiv.org.
Chantal C. Cantarelli & Bert van Wee & Eric J. E. Molin & Bent Flyvbjerg, 2013. "Different Cost Performance: Different Determinants? The Case of Cost Overruns in Dutch Transportation Infrastructure Projects," Papers 1307.2179, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2015.
Alexander Budzier & Bent Flyvbjerg, 2013. "Overspend? Late? Failure? What the Data Say About IT Project Risk in the Public Sector," Papers 1304.4525, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2013.
Chantal C. Cantarelli & Bent Flybjerg & Bert van Wee & Eric J. E. Molin, 2013. "Lock-in and Its Influence on the Project Performance of Large-Scale Transportation Infrastructure Projects. Investigating the Way in Which Lock-in Can Emerge and Affect Cost Overruns," Papers 1307.2177, arXiv.org.
Chantal C Cantarelli & Bent Flyvbjerg & Bert van Wee & Eric J E Molin, 2010. "Lock-in and its Influence on the Project Performance of Large-Scale Transportation Infrastructure Projects: Investigating the Way in Which Lock-in Can Emerge and Affect Cost Overruns," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 37(5), pages 792-807, October.
Alexander Budzier & Bent Flyvbjerg, 2013. "Double Whammy - How ICT Projects are Fooled by Randomness and Screwed by Political Intent," Papers 1304.4590, arXiv.org.
Bent Flyvbjerg & Alexander Budzier, 2013. "Why Your IT Project Might Be Riskier Than You Think," Papers 1304.0265, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2013.
Chantal C. Cantarelli & Eric J. E. Molin & Bert van Wee & Bent Flyvbjerg, 2013. "Characteristics of Cost Overruns for Dutch Transport Infrastructure Projects and the Importance of the Decision to Build and Project Phases," Papers 1307.2178, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2015.
Cantarelli, C.C. & Molin, E.J.E. & van Wee, B. & Flyvbjerg, B., 2012. "Characteristics of cost overruns for Dutch transport infrastructure projects and the importance of the decision to build and project phases," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 49-56.
Bent Flyvbjerg, 2013. "Measuring Inaccuracy in Travel Demand Forecasting: Methodological Considerations Regarding Ramp Up and Sampling," Papers 1303.7401, arXiv.org.
Flyvbjerg, Bent, 2005. "Measuring inaccuracy in travel demand forecasting: methodological considerations regarding ramp up and sampling," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 39(6), pages 522-530, July.
Bent Flyvbjerg, 2013. "Delusions of Success: Comment on Dan Lovallo and Daniel Kahneman," Papers 1305.0741, arXiv.org.
Bent Flyvbjerg, 2013. "Policy and Planning for Large Infrastructure Projects: Problems, Causes, Cures," Papers 1303.7400, arXiv.org.
Bent Flyvbjerg, 2007. "Policy and Planning for Large-Infrastructure Projects: Problems, Causes, Cures," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 34(4), pages 578-597, August.
Flyvbjerg, Bent, 2005. "Policy and planning for large infrastructure projects : problems, causes, cures," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3781, The World Bank.
Bent Flyvbjerg & Nils Bruzelius & Bert van Wee, 2013. "Comparison of Capital Costs per Route-Kilometre in Urban Rail," Papers 1303.6569, arXiv.org.
Bent Flyvbjerg, 2013. "From Nobel Prize to Project Management: Getting Risks Right," Papers 1302.3642, arXiv.org.
Bent Flyvbjerg & Mette Skamris Holm & S{o}ren L. Buhl, 2013. "How (In)accurate Are Demand Forecasts in Public Works Projects? The Case of Transportation," Papers 1303.6654, arXiv.org.
Bent Flyvbjerg & Mette K. Skamris Holm & S{o}ren L. Buhl, 2013. "What Causes Cost Overrun in Transport Infrastructure Projects?"," Papers 1304.4476, arXiv.org.
Bent Flyvbjerg & Mette K. Skamris Holm & Søren L. Buhl, 2003. "What Causes Cost Overrun in Transport Infrastructure Projects?," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(1), pages 3-18, January.
Bent Flyvbjerg, 2013. "Why Mass Media Matter to Planning Research: The Case of Megaprojects," Papers 1304.1665, arXiv.org.
Bent Flyvbjerg & Massimo Garbuio & Dan Lovallo, 2013. "Delusion and Deception in Large Infrastructure Projects: Two Models for Explaining and Preventing Executive Disaster," Papers 1303.7403, arXiv.org.
Chantal C. Cantarelli & Bent Flybjerg & Eric J. E. Molin & Bert van Wee, 2013. "Cost overruns in Large-Scale Transportation Infrastructure Projects: Explanations and Their Theoretical Embeddedness," Papers 1307.2176, arXiv.org.
Bent Flyvbjerg, 2013. "Cost Overruns and Demand Shortfalls in Urban Rail and Other Infrastructure," Papers 1303.7402, arXiv.org.
Bent Flyvbjerg, 2006. "Cost Overruns and Demand Shortfalls in Urban Rail and Other Infrastructure," Transportation Planning and Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(1), pages 9-30, February.
Chantal C. Cantarelli & Bent Flyvbjerg & S{o}ren L. Buhl, 2013. "Geographical Variation in Project Cost Performance: The Netherlands versus Worldwide," Papers 1307.2181, arXiv.org.
Cantarelli, C.C. & Flyvbjerg, B. & Buhl, S.L., 2012. "Geographical variation in project cost performance: the Netherlands versus worldwide," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 324-331.
Flyvbjerg, Bent & Holm, Mette Skamris & Buhl, Søren, 2006. "Underestimating Costs in Public Works Projects: Error or Lie?," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt98r01936, University of California Transportation Center.
Bent Flyvbjerg & Mette K. Skamris Holm & S{o}ren L. Buhl, 2013. "Underestimating Costs in Public Works Projects: Error or Lie?," Papers 1303.6604, arXiv.org.
Flyvbjerg, Bent & Ansar, Atif & Budzier, Alexander & Buhl, Søren & Cantarelli, Chantal & Garbuio, Massimo & Glenting, Carsten & Holm, Mette Skamris & Lovallo, Dan & Molin, Eric & Rønnest, Arne & Stewa, 2019. "On de-bunking "Fake News" in the post-truth era: How to reduce statistical error in research," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 409-411.
Flyvbjerg, Bent & Ansar, Atif & Budzier, Alexander & Buhl, Søren & Cantarelli, Chantal & Garbuio, Massimo & Glenting, Carsten & Holm, Mette Skamris & Lovallo, Dan & Lunn, Daniel & Molin, Eric & Rønnes, 2018. "Five things you should know about cost overrun," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 174-190.
Flyvbjerg, Bent, 2016. "The Fallacy of Beneficial Ignorance: A Test of Hirschman's Hiding Hand," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 176-189.
Cantarelli, C.C. & van Wee, B. & Molin, E.J.E. & Flyvbjerg, B., 2012. "Different cost performance: different determinants?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 88-95.
Bent Flyvbjerg, 2008. "Response to Todd Landman," Political Studies Review, Political Studies Association, vol. 6(2), pages 189-190, May.
Bent Flyvbjerg, 2006. "Curbing Optimism Bias and Strategic Misrepresentation in Planning: Reference Class Forecasting in Practice," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(1), pages 3-21, August.
Bent Flyvbjerg & Mette K. Skamris Holm & Søren L. Buhl, 2005. "Inaccuracy in Traffic Forecasts," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(1), pages 1-24, April.
Petter Næss & Bent Flyvbjerg & Søren Buhl, 2005. "Do Road Planners Produce More 'Honest Numbers' than Rail Planners? An Analysis of Accuracy in Road‐traffic Forecasts in Cities versus Peripheral Regions," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(5), pages 537-555, December.
Bent Flyvbjerg, 2004. "A Perestroikan Straw Man Answers Back: David Laitin and Phronetic Political Science," Politics & Society, , vol. 32(3), pages 389-416, September.
Bent Flyvbjerg & Mette K. Skamris holm & Søren L. Buhl, 2003. "How common and how large are cost overruns in transport infrastructure projects?," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(1), pages 71-88, January.
Bruzelius, Nils & Flyvbjerg, Bent & Rothengatter, Werner, 2002. "Big decisions, big risks. Improving accountability in mega projects," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 9(2), pages 143-154, April.
Skamris, Mette K. & Flyvbjerg, Bent, 1997. "Inaccuracy of traffic forecasts and cost estimates on large transport projects," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 4(3), pages 141-146, July.
Chantal C. Cantarelli & Bent Flyvbjerg, 2013. "Mega-projects' cost performance and lock-in: problems and solutions," Chapters, in: Hugo Priemus & Bert van Wee (ed.),International Handbook on Mega-Projects, chapter 15, pages 333-355, Edward Elgar Publishing.
Bent Flyvbjerg & Eamonn Molloy, 2011. "Delusion, Deception and Corruption in Major Infrastructure Projects: Causes, Consequences and Cures," Chapters, in: Susan Rose-Ackerman & Tina Søreide (ed.),International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption, Volume Two, chapter 3, Edward Elgar Publishing.
Hugo Priemus & Bent Flyvbjerg & Bert van Wee, 2008. "Introduction: Scope of the Book," Chapters, in: Hugo Priemus & Bent Flyvbjerg & Bert van Wee (ed.),Decision-Making on Mega-Projects, chapter 1, Edward Elgar Publishing.
Bent Flyvbjerg, 2008. "Public Planning of Mega-Projects: Overestimation of Demand and Underestimation of Costs," Chapters, in: Hugo Priemus & Bent Flyvbjerg & Bert van Wee (ed.),Decision-Making on Mega-Projects, chapter 7, Edward Elgar Publishing.
Bent Flyvbjerg (ed.), 2014. "Megaproject Planning and Management: Essential Readings," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, volume 0, number 14769, February.
Hugo Priemus & Bent Flyvbjerg & Bert van Wee (ed.), 2008. "Decision-Making on Mega-Projects," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 4112, February.
This author is among the top 5% authors according to these criteria:
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NEP is an announcement service for new working papers, with a weekly report in each of many fields. This author has had 35 papers announced in NEP. These are the fields, ordered by number of announcements, along with their dates. If the author is listed in the directory of specialists for this field, a link is also provided.
NEP-PPM: Project, Program & Portfolio Management (25) 2013-03-02 2013-03-02 2013-03-30 2013-03-30 2013-03-30 2013-03-30 2013-04-06 2013-04-06 2013-04-06 2013-04-06 2013-04-20 2013-04-20 2013-04-20 2013-07-15 2013-07-15 2013-07-15 2013-07-15 2013-07-15 2014-09-25 2015-09-11 2016-03-23 2017-11-05 2018-03-26 2018-07-23 2019-01-28. Author is listed
NEP-TRE: Transport Economics (17) 2013-03-30 2013-03-30 2013-03-30 2013-03-30 2013-04-06 2013-04-06 2013-04-06 2013-04-06 2013-04-20 2013-07-15 2013-07-15 2013-07-15 2013-07-15 2013-07-15 2016-09-11 2018-07-23 2019-01-28. Author is listed
NEP-CDM: Collective Decision-Making (9) 2013-03-02 2013-04-06 2013-04-06 2013-04-06 2013-04-06 2013-04-13 2013-04-20 2013-04-20 2013-04-20. Author is listed
NEP-URE: Urban & Real Estate Economics (9) 2013-03-30 2013-03-30 2013-03-30 2013-04-06 2013-04-06 2013-04-20 2013-07-15 2013-07-15 2013-07-15. Author is listed
NEP-FOR: Forecasting (6) 2013-03-02 2013-03-30 2013-04-06 2013-04-20 2013-05-11 2017-11-05. Author is listed
NEP-CWA: Central & Western Asia (5) 2013-03-02 2013-03-30 2013-04-06 2013-04-06 2013-04-13. Author is listed
NEP-HPE: History & Philosophy of Economics (4) 2013-05-11 2015-09-11 2016-03-23 2017-11-05
NEP-ENE: Energy Economics (2) 2014-09-25 2019-01-28
NEP-PBE: Public Economics (2) 2013-03-30 2013-04-06
NEP-AGR: Agricultural Economics (1) 2013-04-06
NEP-CBE: Cognitive & Behavioural Economics (1) 2013-05-11
NEP-CNA: China (1) 2016-09-11
NEP-CUL: Cultural Economics (1) 2013-04-13
NEP-EFF: Efficiency & Productivity (1) 2013-07-15
NEP-HIS: Business, Economic & Financial History (1) 2014-09-25
NEP-MKT: Marketing (1) 2013-04-06
NEP-PKE: Post Keynesian Economics (1) 2013-04-06
NEP-SEA: South East Asia (1) 2017-11-05
NEP-SPO: Sports & Economics (1) 2020-10-12
NEP-TRA: Transition Economics (1) 2016-09-11
NEP-TUR: Tourism Economics (1) 2013-04-06
NEP-UPT: Utility Models & Prospect Theory (1) 2013-03-02
To update listings or check citations waiting for approval, Bent Flyvbjerg should log into the RePEc Author Service.

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Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disorder which affects the joints and results in warm, swollen and painful joints. This condition is usually characterised by pain, loss of function and stiffness in the joints. Rheumatoid arthritis can cause low RBC (Red Blood Cell) count and inflammation in and around the lungs. Fever and fatigue might also be possible outcomes of this condition.
The cause of this condition isn't absolutely clear, however, it can be genetic or caused due to environmental factors. It can also be caused due to obesity or smoking in certain cases. Often, your body's immune system attacks the joints which results in inflammation and thickening of the joint capsule.
There are certain treatments you can avail to cure rheumatoid arthritis, homeopathy being one of them. Homeopathic preparation aims to reduce the pain and inflammation in joints caused due to this type of arthritis.
Arnica: This homeopathic preparation can prove to be useful in treating soreness in the joints and relieving pain present in the joints.
LedumPal: This medication is extremely effective in curing joint pains which spread through the upper body and cause unbearable pain. Sometimes, pain is just experienced during the night when it's cold; it can be gotten rid of by taking this medicine.
Kalmia latifolia: In rheumatoid arthritis, the pain stems from the joints in the hands and the wrist and starts spreading to the elbows and slowly to the other parts of the body which can result in sudden pain while movement. This particular homeopathic medicine can help in getting rid of these pains.
Pulsatilla: This homeopathic medicine can prove to be very useful as it helps in curing chronic and varied pain which you might experience during summers.
Bryonia: Sometimes, this condition can result in red inflamed joints which are unbearably painful. This condition becomes unbearable during summers. However, by availing of Bryonia, this condition can be cured.
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text:
Q: MAT (Math Advance Tournament) Problem - More Efficient Solutions? - Combinatorics I am a student going into high school next year. Recently, I came across a question from the MAT (Math Advance Tournament) that I spent too long on, but had solved in the end. With the lack of an explained solution on their solutions page, I want to ask the internet for criticism on my solution and possible more efficient solutions for this problem.
The problem is as follows:
Steven has $4$ lit candles and each candle is blown out with a probability $1/2$. After he finishes blowing, he randomly selects a possibly empty subset out of all the candles. The probability his subset has at least one lit candle equals $\frac{m}{n}$ for relatively prime positive integers $m$ and $n$. Find $m + n$.
My Solution:
I first started by writing out all of the possible combinations of blown out and "un-blown out" candles:
a = not blown out
b = blown out
aaaa aaab bbaa bbba bbbb
     aaba baba bbab
     abaa abba babb
     baaa abab abbb
          aabb

A total of $16$ combinations.
I then manually calculated the number of combinations that includes at least one lit candle for every possible size of a subset Steven could have chosen giving me the following:
subset size:  0   1   2   3   4
combinations: 0  32  72  56  15

Then calculating the sum of the combinations: $32 + 72 + 56 + 15 = 175$
And the total: $16 + 4 \cdot 16 + (4 \cdot 3) \cdot 16 + \left(\frac{4 \cdot 3}{2}\right) \cdot 16 + \left(\frac{4 \cdot 3 \cdot 2}{3!}\right) \cdot 16 + 16 = 16 + 64 + 96 + 64 + 16 = 256$
Putting it into a fraction, I get $\frac{175}{256}$. It also happens that $175$ and $256$ are relatively prime, so my answer would be $175+256=431$, which turns out to be the correct answer.

Sorry for the messy work, this is my first problem posted on Stack Exchange.
Thank you in advance!

A: Here's one way to think about this. Since each candle remains lit with probability $1/2$, the set of lit candles is actually a uniformly random subset of the set of $4$ candles. So the problem boils down to:

Let $X_1$ and $X_2$ be uniformly random subsets of $\{1,2,3,4\}$. Find the probability that $X_1 \cap X_2$ is not empty.

Instead, let's find the probability that $X_1 \cap X_2$ is empty, then subtract from $1$. This is mostly straightforward; we have:
$$P(X_1 \cap X_2 = \varnothing) = \frac{1}{16} \sum_{X \subseteq \{1,2,3,4\}} P(X \cap X_2 = \varnothing).$$
Now for a fixed $X \subseteq \{1,2,3,4\}$, the number of subsets of $\{1,2,3,4\}$ disjoint from $X$ is $2^{4-\lvert X \rvert}$, so $P(X \cap X_2 = \varnothing) = 2^{4 - \lvert X \rvert}/2^4 = 2^{-\lvert X \rvert}$. Thus we have
$$P(X_1 \cap X_2 = \varnothing) = \frac{1}{16} \sum_{X \subseteq \{1,2,3,4\}} 2^{-\lvert X \rvert} = \frac{1}{16} \sum_{i=0}^4 \binom{4}{i} 2^{-i}.$$
By the binomial theorem, this becomes
$$P(X_1 \cap X_2 = \varnothing) = \frac{1}{16} \sum_{i=0}^4 \binom{4}{i} 2^{-i} = \frac{1}{16} (1 + 2^{-1})^4 = \frac{1}{16} \cdot \frac{81}{16} = \frac{81}{256}.$$
So the probability that $X_1 \cap X_2$ is not empty is $\frac{175}{256}$. $175$ and $256$ are relatively prime, so the answer is $175+256 = 431$.

Or, even more simply:
$$P(X_1 \cap X_2 = \varnothing) = \prod_{x \in \{1,2,3,4\}} P(x \notin X_1 \cap X_2) = \prod_{x \in \{1,2,3,4\}} (1 - P(x \in X_1) P(x \in X_2)) = \prod_{x \in \{1,2,3,4\}} \frac{3}{4} = \frac{81}{256}.$$

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Interactive Director and co-founder Rod Paine brings design sense, tech know-how and entrepreneurial enthusiasm for the continuously emerging field of web development to Pinpoint Design.
Rod's expertise is utilized both on the web side of the business and the print side, especially for the projects' initial concepts, core creative work and subsequent copy direction. This process ensures that all components of a campaign — print-based and interactive — share a common message and motif.
Rod occasionally jumps in to help with the coding and programming of the web projects. Primarily, however, he concentrates on the sites' information architecture, and also serves as webmaster for setup and administration of the servers.
Before founding Pinpoint Design, Rod enjoyed a brief stint as art director in Simon and Schuster's Ad/Promo department. Prior to that, he spent six years in Bantam Doubleday Dell's Marketing Services division, the last few as the department's art director.
Coordinating Pinpoint's charity work, Rod contributes to The Nassau Music Festival, Women in Publishing, and All Children Excelling.
Rod holds a B.F.A. in Communication Design from Pratt Institute, having majored in Art Direction with a minor in art history.
Residing on the Upper West Side, music, museums and travelling fill the balance of Rod's schedule.


text:
AGS Events and Allied-Racing clinch GT4 European Series titles at Paul Ricard
The GT4 European Series drivers' and teams' titles were all decided at Circuit Paul Ricard this weekend during the final round of the 2020 season. Silver Cup, Am Cup and the teams' title went to AGS Events, with Allied-Racing winning the Pro-Am Cup this season. NM Racing Team concluded the season with a double victory in France.
SILVER CUP: VALENTIN HASSE-CLOT AND THEO NOUET WIN FOR AGS EVENTS
After three seasons in which the GT4 European Series was decided in the final race of the season, Valentin Hasse-Clot and Theo Nouet broke with the tradition and secured the drivers' title in the Silver Cup in the penultimate race of the season.
A fourth-place finish ahead in the opening race of the Circuit Paul Ricard weekend was enough to seal the title. Unfortunately, Hasse-Clot and Nouet retired from the final race of the season, but with the #27 Aston Martin Vantage AMR GT4 taking four wins this season, as well as three other podium finishes, it is a well-deserved title for the two French drivers.
Theo Nouet: "This feels good and I am super happy, also for the team! I really have to thank my family and all my partners, AGS and Aston Martin. A big thanks to Valentin. He was more than a teammate this year. It was an amazing year, I had so many good emotions this year. It was a really good championship for me, I had a lot of fun to drive in this amazing car and this championship.
Valentin Hasse-Clot: "We would have signed for this result at the beginning of the year. It was a first experience for everyone. First time for AGS to work with young drivers and first time in Europe with the Aston Martins. We can be satisfied with the season overall. I would like to thank the team for their trust, Aston Martin for the great car. Theo evolved so quickly this season, during the season he became a very good driver!"
PRO-AM CUP: BUUS AND KASPERLIK WIN TITLE DESPITE TOUGH WEEKEND
Jan Kasperlik and young Danish talent Bastian Buus traveled to the South of France as the Pro-Am Cup leaders. Despite scoring seven wins in the first 10 races, the competitive field, the title fight went down to the wire as Allied-Racing teammates Nicolaj Møller-Madsen and Jörg Viebahn as well as Borusan Otomotiv Motorsport drivers Cem Bölükbasi and Yagiz Gedik were still in contention with just the two races at Circuit Paul Ricard to go.
An accident in Free Practice 2 ruled out Møller-Madsen and Viebahn, but maximum points for the Borusan Otomotiv Motorsport crew in race 2 meant the title fight went down to the wire. Despite mechanical problems throughout the weekend and contact with another competitor in the final race of the season, Buus and Kasperlik ensured the Pro-Am title when Bölükbasi hit trouble and was forced to retire his BMW.
Bastian Buus: "After the first race we knew it would be possible to become champions this year. We had a perfect season and only in the last race at Spa and this weekend we struggled a little bit. We managed to make the car perfect for the second race, but I got hit and the car was damaged. But we just had to finish the race and then we were champions. It was a matter of time, so I just tried to bring it home and we managed to do it!"
Jan Kasperlik: "The main work was done in the first four rounds, where we had a tremendous pace. Bastian developed great this season, we had so much speed in the first four races. At Spa we were also quick, but I made a mistake. This weekend was really a tough one. We had a crash on lap 2, an electronic failure, but finally we secured the win by just cruising around."
AM CUP: GOMAR AND VANNELET WIN BOTH RACES AND TITLE AT PAUL RICARD
Nicolas Gomar and Gilles Vannelet completed a near-perfect season with their sixth and seventh win of the season and the title in the Am Cup. The #89 AGS Events Aston Martin Vantage AMR GT4 only missed out on the podium once this season, at the second round in Misano.
Nicolas Gomar: I'm very happy with our first season with Aston Martin. After winning in France with Porsche and with Lamborghini in Europe. I'm very satisfied with the confidence Aston Martin gave us. To win the championship in Am, Silver and the teams classification in our first season is really good. It is the result of a lot of work and the confidence of our partners and drivers. I want to thank the entire team, Aston Martin and obviously all the drivers.
Gilles Vannelet: "It's amazing! It helped to race in three championships. It was difficult because of the many travels, but to be in a race car every week is good for the rhythm. I also won the Lamborghini Super Trofeo with Nicolas last year, so it's fantastic. We are a very balanced pair and that makes it easier. AGS is one big family, the young drivers are very fast and helped us with the setup of the car. It's great!"
TEAMS' TITLE: TRIPLE CROWN FOR AGS EVENTS IN DEBUT SEASON
After winning titles in GT4 France and the Lamborghini Super Trofeo, AGS Events made its international GT4 debut this season and claimed three GT4 European Series Teams' title on its first attempt. In total, AGS Events claimed 11 class victories, including two overall wins, and eight podium finishes throughout the 2020 season.
Nicolas Gomar: "In three years we have won three titles with three different manufacturers. Our objective was to win the title. The only problem we have now, by winning all titles in our first year, is to think what our objectives will be for next season. I would like to congratulate my teammates, Gilles, who did an amazing job, the technical team that has been who have been working 50 hours per week. It has been great!"
NM RACING TEAM TAKES DOUBLE WIN AT CIRCUIT PAUL RICARD
NM Racing Team won both races at Circuit Paul Ricard. The Spanish team made the right strategic call in the opening race at the 5.822 km circuit, which allowed them to take the lead during the pit window. In the final race of the season, the #15 Mercedes-AMG GT4 battled back to take the lead in the final minutes of the race and make it two wins in two races.
AKKA ASP Team's guest appearance at Circuit Paul Ricard was rewarded with a double Pro-Am class win for Jim Pla and Jean Luc Beaubelique, while AGS Events drivers Nicolas Gomar and Gilles Vannelet completed a double win in the Am Cup.
> CLICK HERE TO READ THE INDIVIDUAL RACE 1 REPORT <
> CLICK HERE FOR THE CIRCUIT PAUL RICARD RESULTS <
> CLICK HERE FOR THE GT4 EUROPEAN SERIES STANDINGS <


Information Technology | Capraro Technologies, Inc.
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Our data center contains uninterruptable power supplies, and fault tolerant servers.
CTI provides full service IT consulting for Central New York. At the core of our commercial business is our systems integration and networking capabilities. These range from supporting desktop systems (Mac or PC), as well as server or environments utilizing Microsoft, Linux, or UNIX. We maintain, update, service and set up servers. We offer services that are geared towards small and medium sized businesses ranging from file servers, backup servers, active directory servers for file security and authentication and web based servers for internet and intranet such as web servers and terminal servers.
A business class network consists mainly of servers, a firewall, switches and cables. More sophisticated networks may include backup generators, WiFi access points, multiple fiber lines into the data center, email servers, DNS servers, virtual machines, SANs and an offsite backup facility. Maintenance of these networks with on site spare critical components is a necessity if uptime is a valuable commodity. Properly configured and managed networks will provide the user with a seamless flow of information. Let CTI plan and maintain your system.
CTI's state-of-the-art data center allows companies of any size to benefit from the enhanced security, performance and reliability provided by a datacenter with uninterruptable power supplies, a backup generator, fault tolerant servers, and redundant fiber Internet access through separate POPs (Point of Presence). We provide web hosting services, cloud computing, and backup systems for all our hosted clients along with disaster recovery services. Our current bandwidth to our datacenter is greater than 100 MB/Second with the ability to burst up to 1GB/Second.
In today's workplace, desktop computers are used as a tool to communicate with an organization's information systems. Without up-to-date hardware and software, using a desktop becomes a burden and can limit productivity in the workplace.
This includes disaster recovery planning and implementation in addition to network security and data assurance. CTI engineers provide high-availability solutions for today's business critical applications and processes. Using the latest software and hardware we ensure the up-time of our customers' critical systems. Through our data protection services in the form of off-site backups and system replications we provide the ability to recover from catastrophic interruptions with minimum downtime. We also perform training for you and your staff.
Capraro Technologies is pleased to announce the launch of its newly revamped website. This redesigned website offers quick and easy access to essential information that offers a more comprehensive understanding of all Capraro Technologies has to offer. Its responsive design provides an optimal viewing experience from mobile devices to PCs.


Can you believe this homeschool year is almost over? This is about that time when so many of us are in desperate need of a homeschool refresh.
We're tired, sluggish, stuck in a rut, and just looking for that great day when someone says it's finally okay to have BBQs and play in the pool all week long.
Until then... we've got to keep at it, amIright?
We need a reset! A warm, fresh breeze to drift push through the stagnant air of our homeschool rooms. We need a new perspective to refresh our days, our curriculum, our approaches.
The beauty of this day we live in are the incredible amounts of homeschool resources, connections, ideas, and people we can access literally within seconds.
The downside is there's just. so. much. it can make you crazy.
The iHomeschool Network has taken out the hard work of culling through the thicket of information to present us a package of resources we can trust and depend on.
This year there are 90 resources to inspire you, to refresh your homeschool, to shake it up and do something different, something creative!
Holy smoking cow. That's awesome stuff.
These are 90 resources I wouldn't have thought of on my own (well, except one, because that is one I made) and wouldn't have had time to go searching for.
Come back over the next 10 days to see exactly how these have refreshed our homeschool life.
So often many of the homeschool resources out there are for younger students and our awesome high schoolers are neglected! Well, no more!
Well, I did neglect you in that I didn't make a pretty picture to show you all the cool goodies there are for you. Sorry, I'm lame.
However, there are many items just for you to ease you into the homeschooling world if you're a newbie.
At your wit's end? Just don't know how to overcome this giant hurdle sitting in your schoolroom? Scared to contemplate what your next move could be? People telling you to just throw in the towel and ship them to the nearest school?
Don't despair! Please. First, take a deep breath and know that I feel for you. It's tough and stressful and can be overwhelming when you try to tackle all the issues you may be facing at once. There are some amazing homeschool moms that have been where you are, and many are still overcoming their own hurdles (aren't we all, really) that have offered up some help for you.
One of my favorites is Homeschooling with ADHD. This is something that we definitely need in our home. I have it, and I'm pretty sure a few of my kids do as well.
Here's an awesome catalog for you to check out each title for yourself. There's a nifty flip book for you to peruse, or just download the catalog if that is easier for you.
Check out the catalog. You can also click the picture to head to the catalog.
Over the next few days I'll be highlighting some of my absolute favorite resources and how I'm using them. Make sure to check back to see just what I have planned, and maybe you'll be just as inspired and excited as I am.
What is it, you ask? I know you're dying to know!
Since I have a book in the sale, I get a small commission when you purchase through my link. What does this mean for you? Nothing, except for you're the sweetest, most kindest, lovingest person in the world. What does it mean for me? I get a little bit of money to keep paying for this blog. Spoiler: blogs are expensive to run.
Wait! As my thanks for your kind and loving support I'll be sending you Master the ASL Numbers Workbook for FREE once it is released (end of May 2016)!
How do you get this sweet bonus?
This sale lasts for 10 days ONLY. There are absolutely no extensions or exceptions. At all. The Omnibus sale lasts from today, April 29th until May 8th (Sunday) at 11;59 PM Pacific time.
The DVD and the thumb drive are mailed out May 31st.
The good thing about these two options are to keep your hard drive clear of tons of downloads. You can also set aside those resources you may not need right now (save those high school resources if your kiddos aren't yet there), and can ensure that you have a backup copy should anything happen to your beloved computer (knock on wood)!
I love iHomeschool Network and the wonderful homeschooling mamas that are a part of it. They know their stuff and are so eager to serve and help any and all homeschool families just like them.
This sale is only once a year, and only 10 days. I'd hate for you to miss it!


The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen R. Covey is a self-improvement book. It is written on Covey's belief that the way we see the world is entirely based on our own perceptions. In order to change a given situation, we must change ourselves, and in order to change ourselves, we must be able to change our perceptions. The narration of real life experiences of Stephen R. Covey make The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People highly appealing and can't be ignored while talking about self improvement books.
The book is a process of adopting Seven Habits most of the highly effective people have and the author, Stephen R. Covey, has beautifully elaborated on each one of them. The habits are defined with real life examples which include the life of hundreds of the clients of Stephen R. Covey and his own personal life.
Everything happens twice in this world. Being proactive means being responsible for planning your actions before you do them or before they happen — you don't wait until the action happens and then you react. First you plan something then you carry it out. In case, you don't plan your actions before, they will be planned by someone else and when that happens you don't have plans for it and therefore you react, which is not right most of the times.
You have to see a clear image of yourself, of your destination. Let's take an example of an airplane: a plane takes off from Ohio for the destination of New York. When it comes across a storm, it changes its route to avoid the storm and then comes back to its original route as it passes the turbulent storm to make sure it moves towards its destination. Human beings should have such clear destinations so that if they change their route while facing hardships, they should come back to the route that lead them towards their set destination.
We have lots of things to pay attention to and give them time. However, we mostly give time to things that are urgent but aren't important or even sometimes we don't know which one to do first. We have to make a to do list, then, put them in a quadrant of important, not important, urgent and not urgent in order that we may understand which one to put first. Things that are urgent and important should be put first.
Human being tends to think about his own profits more than others, but if one wants to do well in life and in business, he should think about the benefit and well-being of everyone involved. In a business deal, prefer the option which is equally good for all the parties – only by adopting this method you can succeed.
Misunderstanding is a prevailing issue in 90% of the business and other relations. It is due to the phenomenon of seeking to be understood first. We think that only our matters are important; they, therefore, should be given the first priority. We expect that others should understand us and value what we believe in, which is the reason of many problems we face. We should try to perceive others and their point of view before we ask them to understand us. This is the only way to build healthy bonds with our friends, relatives, partner, and business partners.
After understanding the first five habits, try to combine them all together for your daily interactions. Take time daily to plan your every single action corresponding your goals, and destination. Prioritize the activities that are important and urgent, and then the activities that are important and not urgent. In your relationships, think well of everyone and attempt to understand them first before expecting them to understand you.
Take the time to maintain and renew your mind, body, emotions, and spirit.
The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People is a highly recommended book for all those people who want have a productive life, a strong relationship and a successful business. If you are interested in grabbing a hand on the book, you may buy it from any book store or if you want to read it on a screen (mobile, iPad, laptop, desktop), download its PDF version from here. We have put a link below for download. We will introduce and make available more such books for you.
Please put your opinion in the comment to let us know what you think about this book and what good points you have learnt. Moreover, do mention your friends who you think should read this book.
I wanted to read this book in short….


text:
Codexes and Reports
Future World Series
XPotential University
Forecasting Services
XP University
British Aerospace unveils the world's first laser deflector shield concept
By Matthew Griffin Security and Privacy 29th January 2017
Plenty of companies are developing new laser and direct energy weapons systems but none have ever managed to create one, that might be about to change.
Deflector shields are the stuff of science fiction – whether it's the rippling green shields that saw off Will Smith's F/A-18's in Independence Day or the Star Trek shields that batted off the Klingons advances. But until now they remained just that – science fiction.
Now, scientists at BAE Systems believe a new type of directed energy laser and lens system that manipulates the atmosphere could make such devices a reality, and in as little as fifty years from now.
Baltimore becomes the first US city to be watched from the air 24/7
Known as the Laser Developed Atmospheric Lens (LDAL) the concept works by simulating naturally occurring phenomena that temporarily alters small parts of the Earth's atmosphere to create lens like structures that magnify or alter the path of electromagnetic waves – including radio signals and light.
According to BAE, a lens generated in this way could be used as a type of deflector shield to protect aircraft, land vehicles, troops, and ships from assault by high powered laser weapons.
LDAL's prime purpose, however, is to enable better electromagnetic communications by re-creating a number of naturally occurring effects, such as the reflective atmospheric effects found in the ionosphere and the kind that are behind some of the more quirky atmospheric phenomenon such as desert mirages. LDAL mimics many of these effects by using high powered lasers to heat parts of the atmosphere which helps to create highly reflective areas, such as the ionosphere, or areas where light can be bent at will, such as is the case with desert mirages.
Using these techniques LDAL would allow operators to send high frequency signals further than ever before, or produce localized, Fresnel lens like refractive areas that bend electromagnetic waves to a specific point on Earth – even when the direction was at a completely different angle to the original waves.
The system takes advantage of the "Kerr Effect," an optical phenomenon that occurs when intense light is transmitted through media such as glass or, in this case, gases in the atmosphere, that alters the media's refractive index, to temporarily ionize a small patch of atmosphere in a way that allows the air to simulate mirrors, glass lenses, and structures like Fresnel zone plates that diffract light.
US spy agencies prepare to build DNA computers and molecular storage systems
"Working with some of the best scientific minds in the UK, we're able to incorporate emerging and disruptive technologies and evolve the landscape of potential military technologies in ways that, five or ten years ago, many would never have dreamed possible," said Professor Nick Colosimo, BAE Systems' Futurist and Technologist.
While other companies, such as General Atomics, Lockheed Martin and Northrup Grumman are also developing laser and direct energy weapons systems this is the first time a company has thought about using a laser system to create a deflector shield that protects assets from laser weapons, and while it's merely a concept at this stage the science is sound. However, there is also a flip side to this new concept as well, and the theory goes that if you can bend light and extend the range of sensor systems then it also becomes a superb global spying tool… Ah, science – you've got t love it!
Aerospace and Defence IndustryBAEDeflector ShieldsEnergy WeaponsGeneral AtomicsLaser DefenceLaser TechnologyLockheed MartinNorthrop GrummanScience-Fiction becomes Science-FactSecurityUKWorld First
Matthew Griffin / About Author
Matthew Griffin, described as "The Adviser behind the Advisers" and a "Young Kurzweil," is a world class futurist and the founder and CEO of the 311 Institute, a global Futures and Deep Futures consultancy working across the next 50 years, and the World Futures Forum and XPotential University, two philanthropic organisations whose mission it is to reduce global inequality, in all its forms, and ensure the benefits of the future are accessible to everyone, irrespective of their abilities or background. He is also the author of the futuristic "Codex of the Future" series, and the book "How to Build Exponential Enterprises."
Matthew's clients include royalty, world leaders, G7 and G20 governments, and well known multi-nationals including Accenture, Aon, BCG, Centrica, Credit Suisse, Decathlon, Dentons, Deloitte, GEMS, Huawei, Lego, Legal & General, LinkedIn, Microsoft, Qualcomm, RWE, SAP, Samsung, T-Mobile, and many others.
A rare talent Matthew is regularly featured in the global media, including the AP, BBC, Bloomberg, CNBC, Discovery, Forbes, Telegraph, ViacomCBS, and WIRED, and his ability to identify, track, and explain the impacts of hundreds of revolutionary emerging technologies on global culture, industry and society, is unparalleled.
Recognised for the past six years as one of the world's foremost futurists, innovation and strategy experts Matthew is an international speaker who helps governments, investors, multi-nationals and regulators around the world envision, build and lead an inclusive, sustainable future.
More posts by Matthew Griffin
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WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF The future of mobility is still going to be multi-modal but nothing says we have to stay on the ground….
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WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF Being able to levitate, move and manipulate objects without touching them will be especially useful in the fields of healthcare…
Claimed Chinese Quantum Radar breakthrough would render US stealth obselete
WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF Chinas bold claim of creating the worlds first Quantum Radar system, if true, will render US, and all stealth systems,…
Lexus turns to IBM to create the world's first AI scripted advert
WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF In time all adverts, and the majority of content, will be created by AI, and people won't be able to…
Farmers in the future will "shepherd herds of robots"
WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF Robots sat in the doldrums for years without much happening but now, fuelled by AI and advance Machine vision capabilities…
A creative AI designed NASA's next spider-like interplanetary lander
WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF As humans we tend to believe that creativity is our exclusive domain, but AI is muscling in in a big…
WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF Understanding how our brain creates memories paves the way for new treatments for neurodegenerative disorders and one day could help…
Indian surgeon completes world's first remote robotic human heart surgery
WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF There are many areas in the world that have a shortage of skilled surgeons, but tele-robotic operations like this one…
Researchers 3D print human corneas in world first
WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF Tens of millions of people a year go blind because of a lack of donor corneas, this work will, literally,…
AztraZeneca's cheap COVID-19 vaccine made in record time proves highly effective
WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF A Covid-19 vaccine will hopefully get the world back to work, but the speed it's been created at is the…
Telepathic warfare takes center stage as US military bets big on neuro tech
WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF Today's brain machine interfaces are rudimentary or require invasive surgery, this program could bring brain interfaces to the masses and…
China unveils their revolutionary ZKZM-500 laser assault rifle
WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF As lasers become more efficient, and as the battery packs needed to power them become more dense and powerful, we'll…
China's giant weather modification program will soon cover an larger than India
Experts are starting to agree that AI will replace CEO's
Denvers new "Hyperloop for roads" will transport cars at 200mph around the city
No humans required, the fully autonomous AI running a Wall Street hedge fund
Scientists have used a new breakthrough treatment to wake up coma patients
The world's first silent, engineless aircraft takes flight at MIT
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Curtis Evans is an historian of American religions. His teaching interests are modern American religion, particularly since the Civil War, race and religion in US history, and slavery and Christianity. His first book, The Burden of Black Religion (Oxford University Press, 2008), was an historical analysis of debates about the role of religion in the lives of African Americans and the origins of the scholarly category of "the black church." His research emphases are interpretations and cultural images of African American religion, examinations of religion as a force for and obstacle to social and political reform, and the question of how social problems become defined and addressed as moral problems at particular historical moments. More recently, his research on Billy Graham's political and social views have led increasingly into teaching courses on and reading more deeply about the rise of the Christian Right and the emergence and history of conservative Protestantism in the US. His published essays have appeared in the Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Church History, Journal of Southern Religion, and Religion and American Culture. His current work, A Theology of Brotherhood: The Federal Council of Churches and the Problem of Race (Oxford, forthcoming) brings together a number of his research interests: the FCC's attempt at social and racial change from the 1920s to the 1940s, the evolution of theological reflections on race, and the concrete and particular circumstances that shape historical actors as they wrestle with the constraints of their social worlds. This narrative is a critical historical evaluation of the FCC's interracial work as a predominantly white Protestant and ecumenical organization, but also a reflection on the factors that illuminate the prominence of a certain strand of Protestantism in American public life in the early 20th century.
Part of the New Directions in African Diaspora Studies Series.


text:
Q: How do I reset variables to standard values in Python I am working on an application where variables get initialized to default values.
The user can change those values at any time. It should be possible for the user to reset some or all of the variables to default at any time.
How is the best way of going about this?
This would be a solution, but I have a feeling that it is suboptimal. Can you tell me if my feeling is correct and how I can do it better?
A_DEFAULT = "A_def"
B_DEFAULT = "B_def"
C_DEFAULT = "C_def"

class BusinessLogic_1(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.setVariablesToDefault()
    def setVariablesToDefault(self, variableNames=None):
        # pass None to set all Variables to default
        variableNames = variableNames or ["A","B","C"]
        if "A" in variableNames:
            self.A = A_DEFAULT
        if "B" in variableNames:
            self.B = B_DEFAULT
        if "C" in variableNames:
            self.C = C_DEFAULT
    def printVariables(self):
        print  "A: %s, B: %s, C: %s" % (self.A, self.B, self.C)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print "0: Initialize"
    businessLogic_1 = BusinessLogic_1()
    businessLogic_1.printVariables()

    print "Change A,B,C and then reset A,C"
    businessLogic_1.A = "A_new"
    businessLogic_1.B = "B_new"
    businessLogic_1.C = "C_new"
    businessLogic_1.printVariables()

A: This might be a solution.
It's a way to pass names of variables as strings and then to access them via these names.
Objects can have more than one name simultaneously, but names always point to a single object (at a given point of time).
class classWithVariablesThatHaveDefaultValues(object):

    def __init__(self, some, example, variables, defaultValuesDict):
        self.some = some
        self.example = example
        self.variables = variables
        self.dictionaryWithDefaultValues = defaultValuesDict

    def resetValues(self, *listOfVariables):
        for variable in listOfVariables:
            for key in self.dictionaryWithDefaultValues:
                if key == variable:
                    vars(self)[key] = self.dictionaryWithDefaultValues[key]

if __name__ == "__main__":

    defaultValuesDict = {"some":4, "example":5, "variables":6}
    exampleObject = classWithVariablesThatHaveDefaultValues(1, 2, 3, defaultValuesDict)
    exampleObject.some = 15
    print exampleObject.some, exampleObject.example, exampleObject.variables
    exampleObject.resetValues("example", "some")
    print exampleObject.some, exampleObject.example, exampleObject.variables

The Output is:
15  2  3
4   5  3

A: You can achieve it in a manner very similar to how decimal.localcontext() works, but depending on your use case, this may not be suitable. This will allow you to manipulate and call any methods on the original object reflecting the updated values, and at the end of the with block, reset them to the values upon entry.
from contextlib import contextmanager

class A(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.a = 3
        self.b = 5
    def display(self):
        return self.a, self.b

a = A()

@contextmanager
def mycontext(obj):
    old_a = obj.a
    old_b = obj.b
    yield obj
    obj.a = old_a
    obj.b = old_b

print 'before:', a.display()
with mycontext(a) as obj:
    print 'entered:', a.display()
    a.a = 3
    a.b = 7
    print 'changed:', a.display()

print 'hopefully original', a.display()

before: (3, 5)
entered: (3, 5)
changed: (3, 7)
hopefully original (3, 5)


text:
Former Infowars Staff Say They Were Sexually Harassed & Bullied By Alex Jones
Two former employees of Infowars have filed complaints with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission against Alex Jones. Rob Jacobsen claims that Jones referred to him as "The Jewish Individual" and called him "Yacobsen." He also says that Jones called him "beefcake" which is a homosexual slur and that he was frequently passed over for promotion, with better jobs going to less experienced people. Jacobsen worked for Infowars for 13 years. He was fired last May.
Former production assistant Ashley Beckford who joined Infowars in June 2016 claims: "I was subjected to different terms and conditions of employment, in comparison to my non-Black African-American peers, when it came to my salary/wages and benefits (travel), and in regards to my dress, including my hair style. I also was subjected to harassment and racial slurs by Respondent's management and some peer colleagues, as well as subjected to sexual harassment and a hostile, sexually offensive work environment."
Beckford, who is African American, also alleges that she was 'mocked' for her skin tone, called a 'coon' by a senior manager, and denied promotions to match the salary of other coworkers. According to her filing to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Jones groped her 'butt' after initiating a 'side-hug' while 'pretending to feel sympathy' over an incident Beckford was involved in. The complaint states: "Simultaneously, he was commenting to those in the room, "Who wouldn't want to have a black wife?" Her complaint alleges that Jones Often walked around the office shirtless and made sexual advances to her and other female employees. Beckford noted that there were a lot of guns on display at Infowars headquarters, something she found intimidating.
Alex Jones speaking to The UK's Daily Mail refuted the allegations saying; "I'm not going to talk about former employees, I mean nobody accuses me of stuff like that. No, no and in fact I'm not the type of person to say those kinds of things. So that's why my feelings are hurt. Wow. That's all I can say. That's total bullshit." He denied being racist and anti-semitic saying his ex-wife Kelly Nichols was half-Jewish. He said: "It's absolutely ridiculous. A classic. I'm going to continue to take the high road. I'm shocked that Rob would do something like this. Must be in a bad way out there. So sorry for him."
Jones father David Jones, heads up Human Resources at Infowars and has sided with his son. He told The Daily Mail that the Infowars office environment can often be like a "locker room". He also confirmed that Jacobson had made complaints to HR about certain issues, but insists none of those complaints were serious or about anti-semitism or racism. "His complaints were generally way after anything presumably occurred," he said.
Alex Jones is rightly entitled to the presumption of innocence until these allegations are proven or found to be baseless. But the media (independent and mainstream) has become a circus. Jones millions of followers will believe that he is being targeted by the deep state, that he is being brought down because Infowars is a threat to the establishment. It isn't. Infowars IS the establishment. Some years ago, Alex and team made a decision to re-brand him as a Glenn Beck/Rush Limbaugh type of commentator. Alex abandoned long held beliefs that right/left didn't matter and that the house always wins. He went mainstream and threw his weight behind Trump, securing that infamous interview with The Donald in the process. He also made an enormous amount of money. Good for him. These days Alex spends most of his on-air time, espousing bog standard conservative views, railing against liberals and blaming Muslims for pretty much everything. There's nothing alternative about that. So the Deep State is not out to get him, in fact he helps to prop it up.
I hope these allegations are false. I hope it's a case of disgruntled employees looking for a bit of revenge. I used to invite Alex on my shows a lot, back in the days when he had something interesting to say. I had some fascinating conversations with him and I learned a lot. But I was never comfortable with the fact that Zionism was a no-go area on Infowars. He wouldn't touch it. Recently he was roundly ridiculed when his editor at large Paul Joseph Watson reported that there was no evidence that Israel was influencing US foreign policy in the Middle East. I know right?
We'll probably never know the truth about the claims made by Jacobsen and Beckford. Alex will have any number of different personal liability insurance policies. There might be a payoff, who knows? Either way it won't hurt his brand. Like I already said, it will entrench his viewers even more in their belief that he is on the front line, fighting "The Man." He's not, but he's very bright. He realised some years ago that there is a helluva lot of money to be made in loudly telling people what they want to hear, no matter how unpalatable that might be.
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Q: How to show CDF uniquely determined from equation I have the following equation for a CDF that I would like to show is uniquely determined:
$$\frac{h_1(x)}{f(x)}=\int_x^a h_2(z)(F(z)-F(x))^k\;dF(z)$$
Here $F$ is the CDF and $f$ is the PDF, which I can already show exists for any possible $F$. It seems like such an $F$ must exist and even be unique given $h_1$ and $h_2$ are sufficiently well behaved.
I know that the maximum of the support has to be at $a$, so $F(a)=1$. Because, (a) $f$ at any point $x$ is uniquely determined by $F$ on $(x,a]$ and (b) assuming $h_2$ is bounded the integral will also be bounded, $F$ should clearly have not only a solution, but a unique solution.
What I've tried so far is assuming differentiatiability of $h_1$, so that because RHS must be differentiable and because $h_1$ is, LHS must be as well. Deriving and iterating this technique ($k$ times) eventually results in a ODE (assuming $h_1$ is $\mathcal{C}^k$), but it all gets very messy. This makes me think that sticking with the original integro-differential equation is best.