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Home Civil Rights Texas Waco
Waco Civil Rights Lawyers
Danny Clark Wash
Waco, TX Civil Rights Lawyer with 51 years of experience
(800) 749-3612	6613 Sanger Avenue
Waco,	TX 76710
Civil Rights, Business, Employment and Personal Injury
Aaron Spolin
Austin, TX Civil Rights Attorney
(866) 716-2805	7600 Chevy Chase Drive, Suite 300
Austin,	TX 78752
Civil Rights, Appeals, Criminal Defense and White Collar Crime
Spolin Law P.C.'s founder, Aaron Spolin, is a former prosecutor and award-winning criminal appeals attorney. He has achieved successful outcomes on hundreds of criminal cases, including numerous dismissals of major felony cases; non-criminal resolutions to complex fraud and insurance fraud defense cases; successful appellate outcomes from various appellate courts; and multiple not-guilty jury verdicts at trial. Innocent Spolin Law clients wrongfully accused of murder and other serious crimes are now free because of his work.
Aaron is the recipient of various awards for his advocacy, including the American College of Trial Lawyer's Medal for Excellence in Oral Advocacy as well as...
David M. Curtis
Dallas, TX Civil Rights Lawyer with 49 years of experience
(833) 444-4714	381 Casa Linda Plaza
Free ConsultationCivil Rights, Business and Employment
SMU Dedman School of Law and University of Oklahoma College of Law
For over 35 years, David has successfully guided individuals, small and large businesses through regulatory landscapes and continues to ensure his business clients are advantaged by prompt and innovative counsel. His litigation skills have been tempered coast-to-coast achieving remarkably brilliant outcomes. He is a graduate of the University Of Oklahoma College Of Law and holds a Masters of Law Degree(Labor)from Southern Methodist University. He was elected to membership in the American Law Institute and elected a Fellow in the College of Labor & Employment Law, David is the father of six children and an active civic leader.
James Ralph Aulbaugh III
Dallas, TX Civil Rights Attorney with 13 years of experience
(214) 500-0430	13747 Montfort Dr Ste 315
Free ConsultationCivil Rights, Criminal Defense, DUI & DWI and Personal Injury
James Aulbaugh is a graduate of Texas A&M University (B.S. A. Economics), the Texas Tech University Rawls College of Business (Master of Business Administration) and the Texas Tech University School of Law (Doctorate of Jurisprudence). After law school, James Aulbaugh served as an Assistant District Attorney in the Dallas County District Attorney's Office for 13 years. During that time, James was assigned thousands of cases to prosecute, ranging from misdemeanors to Capital Murders. Outside of trial, James quickly developed a reputation for reasonableness, acute case analysis, fairness, and integrity while plea bargaining over a thousand cases and dismissing hundreds...
Tyler Gregston
Dallas, TX Civil Rights Lawyer with 6 years of experience
(214) 800-5199	7929 Brookriver Dr
Civil Rights and Employment
Stacy L. Cole
Civil Rights, Business and Employment
Mr. Cole is Board Certified in labor and employment law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization and focuses his practice on representing employees in disputes against employers. In doing so, Mr. Cole has represented hundreds of clients in numerous employment claims, including but not limited to claims for unpaid overtime wages, minimum wage violations, discrimination, retaliation, FMLA violations, breach of employment contract, non-compete agreements, wrongful termination, hostile work environment, and employee grievance hearings. Although most of the firm's employment claims are handled through administrative agencies, Mr. Cole and the firm also has experience representing clients in litigation.
Mr. Cole has...
Kervyn Altaffer Jr
(972) 234-3633	4054 McKinney Ave Suite 310
Civil Rights, Consumer and Employment
Aaron Peacock
(888) 312-1750	1349 Empire Central Dr #500
Civil Rights, Patents, Real Estate and Trademarks
Franklin Pierce Law Center
Aaron P. Peacock is a registered patent attorney and associate at Gagnon, Peacock, & Vereeke, P.C. He has Bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering and a Master's degree in Business Administration. He received his Juris Doctorate degree in law from the Franklin Pierce Law Center in New Hampshire. His practice focus is in intellectual property law, specifically patent, trademark and copyright law. He has prosecuted before the United States Patent and Trademark Office as well as the United States Copyright Office. Aaron is also an active member of the Dallas Bar Association and the Federalist Society. With his unique background in...
Alfonso Kennard Jr.
Austin, TX Civil Rights Attorney with 19 years of experience
(713) 309-6022	108 Wild Basin Rd. South,
Alfonso Kennard, Jr., is a nationally recognized attorney and trial lawyer. He is also the founding Shareholder of Kennard Law P.C. Alfonso is Board Certified in Labor and Employment Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. Prior to establishing Kennard Law P.C, Alfonso spent nearly a decade in large national law firms representing employers. He started Kennard Law P.C to help employees take on their employers for various types of wrongdoing. Mr. Kennard earned his Business Degree in Marketing from the University of Notre Dame. While at Notre Dame, Alfonso served as the President of the Class of 1999....
Adam Kielich
Bedford, TX Civil Rights Lawyer with 8 years of experience
2205 Martin Drive, Suite 200-K
Bedford,	TX 76021
Civil Rights, Divorce, Employment and Family
The Kielich Law Firm is a boutique law firm located in Bedford, Texas representing clients in employment law, family law and other personal areas of law in the Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas area. Visit the law firm website at www.kielichlawfirm.com to learn more about how attorney Adam Kielich can help you.
Areas of law include:
-FMLA
-Employment discrimination
-Harassment/hostile work environment
-Unpaid wages and overtime pay
-Tipped employees
-Wrongful termination
-Employee benefits
-Uncontested divorce
-Custody modification
-Child support modification
-Child support enforcement
-QDRO
-CPS removal and termination
Mr. Sean Edward Pevsner
Arlington, TX Civil Rights Lawyer with 10 years of experience
(817) 653-4547	2000 E. Lamar Blvd. Suite 600
Free ConsultationCivil Rights, Appeals, Education and Employment
Sean Pevsner established this law firm with his best friend, Mark Whitburn. They have been best friends since 1986. Mr. Whitburn assisted Mr. Pevsner throughout these years. This firm is one among many goals which they have accomplished together. For more on their story, please visit our news page. Mr. Pevsner is a University of Texas Law graduate with severe cerebral palsy who operates a motorized wheelchair by the use of head movements. Due to his quadriplegia, he cannot write but must rely on an interpreter or a specialized computer to do...
(214) 528-4300	12222 Merit Drive, Suite 1200
Free ConsultationCivil Rights, Employment, Medical Malpractice and Personal Injury
Jesse David Hoffman
(214) 741-2662	3710 Rawlins Street, Suite 1600
Civil Rights, Appeals, Business and Employment
Attorney Jesse Hoffman joined McCathern, PLLC in 2011 from the Texas Attorney General's Office and now has a thriving business litigation and appellate practice with McCathern, PLLC.
Mr. Hoffman represents some of the most promising and successful businesses in the nation, and is routinely recognized for his accomplishments by both clients and respected legal publications. He specializes in Civil, Business & Employment Litigation, and serves as Outside General Counsel for corporate clients. Mr. Hoffman is licensed to practice in all Texas State Courts, all Federal District Courts in Texas, and in the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals.
Mr. Hoffman earned his bachelor's...
Elizabeth D. Alvarez
Forney, TX Civil Rights Lawyer
(972) 564-4644	315 S Bois D Arc St
Forney,	TX 75126
Civil Rights, Family, Personal Injury and Probate
Guillermo Ochoa-Cronfel
(512) 347-9600	2700 Bee Caves Rd
Civil Rights, Bankruptcy, Business and Collections
Licensed to Practice in: State of Texas, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas, U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas, U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas, U.S. District Court for the District of Arizona, U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals. Areas of Practice (non-exhaustive): General civil litigation and business law, Texas turnover receivership, bankruptcy (representing debtors, creditors and trustees), debt collection (both debtor and creditor-side), insurance litigation, construction/real estate transactions and litigation, landlord/tenant litigation, and entity formation. Texas Turnover Receiverships (Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ch. 31)
Mstislav Pedro Talavera-Karmanov
(512) 598-1460	316 W 12th St
Civil Rights, Appeals, Family and Military
I graduated with dual degrees from the Arts & Sciences and the Business schools at Washington University and set out to find employment in the corporate workforce. I quickly found corporate life to be monotonous, so after a year of working in the business sector, I returned to school to study law.
In 2010 I graduated from Southern Methodist University in Dallas, and I immediately began litigating with Lone Star Legal Aid, handling cases under VAWA (Violence Against Women Act) grant work.
In these roles, I noticed that—regardless of the specific subject matter of the case—familial problems often caused, contributed to, or...
Kenneth P. Gober III
Terrell, TX Civil Rights Lawyer
(972) 524-3388	102 East Moore Ave., Suite 218
Terrell,	TX 75160
Free ConsultationCivil Rights, Appeals, Criminal Defense and Education
George Donald Haslam Jr
(888) 943-0008	3131 McKinney Avenue
Civil Rights, Criminal Defense, Personal Injury and Workers' Comp
Don Tittle Jr
(214) 522-8400	6301 Gaston Avenue, Suite 440
Civil Rights, Criminal Defense, DUI & DWI and Medical Malpractice
Unlike most firms, The Law Offices of Don Tittle handles both civil and criminal cases. On the civil side, we represent individuals who have been seriously injured or killed due to the negligence of others. The firm has also gained a strong reputation in the field of civil rights, where we aggressively pursue justice for victims of police misconduct. In addition to civil cases we are devoted to representing individuals charged with criminal offenses in either state or federal court.
Deborah C. Trejo
Austin, TX Civil Rights Lawyer with 23 years of experience
(512) 226-0005	919 Congress Ave
Civil Rights, Administrative, Appeals and Environmental
Tulane University School of Law
Doran George Sauer
(512) 479-5017	1004 West Avenue
Civil Rights, Consumer, Criminal Defense and DUI & DWI
I attended Texas Wesleyan School of Law, graduating in 2010. Since then I've practiced in criminal law for a decade, the majority of that time in Austin, handling cases in Travis County and throughout the Central Texas area. I've handled a wide variety of cases--from murder to minor drug charges.
My approach is simple listen to my client's needs and I get the best results for them possible.
Susan Morrison
(512) 478-1616	919 Congress Ave. Suite 900
Civil Rights, Arbitration & Mediation, Education and Employment
Susan Morrison is a dedicated employment attorney who has represented both employers and corporate officers in litigation, mediation and arbitration. She provides general counsel advice to business owners, schools, and community colleges across the State of Texas. Susan also investigates employee wrongdoing and provides expert testimony in court.
Jonathan Winocour
(214) 575-6060	1511 East Levee Street
Civil Rights, Criminal Defense, Employment and Personal Injury
B. C. Cornish
Fort Worth, TX Civil Rights Attorney with 41 years of experience
(817) 870-9159	One Tindall Square
604 East 4th St., Ste 201
Fort Worth,	TX 76102
Civil Rights, Employment, Family and Probate
A graduate of University of Texas School of Law, I have practiced in Tarrant and surrounding counties for years. Family and friends here. As a very young lawyer, I tried the first sexual harassment case Tarrant County had ever seen and much to the surprise of my older, mainly male colleagues, a Tarrant County jury awarded my client twice what we asked for! I've been on the forefront of a few other issues over the years and do not avoid controversy. Practicing on my own gives me the freedom to take cases that interest me. ...
Gerald Jerome Smith Sr
Arlington, TX Civil Rights Attorney with 19 years of experience
(817) 635-3100	2000 E. Lamar Blvd.
Free ConsultationCivil Rights, Criminal Defense, Employment and Personal Injury
Brandi K Stokes
(512) 206-0202	P.O. Box 301916
Civil Rights, Appeals, Divorce and Domestic Violence
Noemi Alessandra Collie
(214) 942-6812	1012 N. BISHOP AVE
Free ConsultationCivil Rights, Criminal Defense, DUI & DWI and Employment
Nicholas William Shadowen
Austin, TX Civil Rights Attorney with 3 years of experience
1135 W. 6th St
Civil Rights and Antitrust
T. Dean Malone
(866) 670-9989	900 Jackson Street
Civil Rights and Personal Injury
Jay Rodney Stucki
Irving, TX Civil Rights Attorney with 24 years of experience
(214) 441-3000	2912 Story Rd W
Civil Rights, Agricultural, Antitrust and Employment
Oklahoma City University School of Law
Bradford Joe Gilde
Houston, TX Civil Rights Lawyer with 17 years of experience
(281) 973-2772	5535 Memorial Dr
154,STE F
Houston,	TX 77007
Civil Rights, Business, Environmental and Personal Injury
Attorney Gilde believes that to argue and win in the courtroom requires a fighter, and Judo strongly shapes Attorney Gilde's litigation and trial strategy. Attorney Gilde founded Gilde Law Firm to implement his own philosophy. During every case, Attorney Gilde strives to attain justice for his clients who have been injured or victimized by others. At Gilde Law Firm, "We Believe, We Fight, We Win" is our motto and reflects the passion we bring to our cases. It is simple but true. We believe in our clients and their causes, we fight for their interests in litigation, and we win the...
Brandon Jay Grable
San Antonio, TX Civil Rights Attorney with 5 years of experience
(210) 963-5297	1603 Babcock Rd
San Antonio,	TX 78229
Free ConsultationCivil Rights, Business, Consumer and Employment
Brandon J. Grable is an Attorney based in San Antonio, Texas, and represents Clients all over Texas. Brandon runs his practice by one simple, time-tested rule: treat every client like family. He represents his clients as if they were his own mother or child. Brandon brings with him what is not found on a resume-grit, small town values, and humble beginnings. Brandon began his path at 17-years-old when he skipped his high school graduation in small town Arizona so he could attend basic training for the United States Army. He served in the Army honorably for 10 years as a Non-commissioned...
Christopher McKinney
San Antonio, TX Civil Rights Attorney with 25 years of experience
(210) 832-0932	21022 Gathering Oak
Losing a job for reasons that appear to be unreasonable or possibly illegal can be a devastating experience. Being sexually harassed, retaliated against, or wrongfully fired from a job can leave you justifiably confused, upset, and frightened about your future. What you need right now are answers, preferably from someone who knows exactly what you can do to protect yourself and your family. You need a true advocate. Someone who believes in protecting the rights of employees and who has the knowledge and experience to do so effectively. That's Where We Come In. We help...
Charles D. Cowan
Tyler, TX Civil Rights Attorney with 31 years of experience
(800) 261-2667	414 South Bonner Ave.
Tyler,	TX 75702-8033
Free ConsultationCivil Rights, Employment, Personal Injury and Workers' Comp
WE PROVIDE VERY AGGRESSIVE TOP NOTCH LEGAL REPRESENTATION in all Personal Injury; Wrongful Death; Texas Workers' Compensation Injury Claims; 18 Wheeler\Big Truck Injuries or Death; Medical Malpractice Cases; Unpaid Overtime Claims and Wrongful Termination cases. Additionally, we offer competent and experienced Criminal Defense for the criminally accused.
C. D. "Chuck" Cowan is a fifth generation native East Texan who knows the law, the language and the landscape very, very well. He was admitted to The State Bar of Texas in 1990 ; The U. S. District Court, Eastern District of Texas in 1991; The U. S. District Court, Northern District...
Houston, TX Civil Rights Attorney with 14 years of experience
(832) 422-7333	720 Rusk Street, Ste. 501
Civil Rights and Education
Georgetown University Law Center
Serving Texas children and their families in Special Education law matters. We can help with your special education legal issue.
Bill Hommel
(903) 596-7100	5620 Old Bullard Road, Suite 115
Tyler,	TX 75703
Free ConsultationCivil Rights, Employment and Personal Injury
I have been a trial lawyer for over 35 years and have chosen to focus my practice on representing individuals who have been victimized by unscrupulous employer and government officials. Whether it is an unlawful termination, a failure to pay overtime wages or an excessive use of force by law enforcement, I am firmly committed to defending the rights of people that have been harmed.
If you feel like your your rights have been violated, please do not hesitate to contact my office.
Carrie Ruth Marquis
(281) 962-5504	3707 Cypress Creek Pkwy
Free ConsultationCivil Rights, Divorce and Family
Carrie R. Marquis has 25 years of family law experience, working with clients during very difficult times. She works with an eye on zealous representation, while also keeping a cautious eye on saving her clients' time and money. Carrie has a bachelor's of business administration (Finance) from the University of Texas at Austin; a master's of science (Accounting) from the University of Houston – Clear Lake, and her juris doctorate from South Texas College of Law. Carrie lives in Houston with her wife, Laura, and their three dogs, Penny, Sam, and Scout. PRACTICE
Rosendo Parra III
San Antonio, TX Civil Rights Attorney
(210) 332-5454	4204 Gardendale St. Ste 207
Free ConsultationCivil Rights, Business, Divorce and Probate
Rosendo Parra III is the managing attorney at the Parra Law Firm, which is a full service law firm based in San Antonio. The firm proudly serves clients and their families throughout the state of Texas. Rosendo is dedicated to providing his clients with highest level of service at affordable rates. Through every stage of your matter, he will work tirelessly to protect and defend your rights with the utmost care. Contact him today for a free consultation!
Micah Belden
Plano, TX Civil Rights Lawyer with 16 years of experience
101 E Park Blvd
#600/41
Free ConsultationCivil Rights, Criminal Defense, DUI & DWI and White Collar Crime
When you are arrested by the police, you have the right to be angry, but most of all, you have the right to hire a Board Certified defense attorney like Micah Belden and fight back. Call me at 903-744-4252 and start fighting your case today!
Christopher John Gale
Corpus Christi, TX Civil Rights Attorney with 27 years of experience
(361) 808-4444	711 N Carancahua St
Corpus Christi,	TX 78401
Civil Rights, Arbitration & Mediation and Criminal Defense
Civil Rights Attorneys in Nearby Cities
Bellmead
Civil Rights Attorneys in Nearby Counties
McLennan County
Falls County
Hill County
The Oyez Lawyer Directory contains lawyers who have claimed their profiles and are actively seeking clients. Find more Waco Civil Rights Lawyers in the Justia Legal Services and Lawyers Directory which includes profiles of more than one million lawyers licensed to practice in the United States, in addition to profiles of legal aid, pro bono and legal service organizations.


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Q: how to solve getActivity NullPointerException in fragment ? I know its may be silly to ask but i could not found and relevant search result to meet my requirement, when i am hit the bar chart its getting color perfectly but after second time bar chart color given null pointer exception is there any solution for that, i am using bar chart my code is:
  ArrayList<Integer> colors = new ArrayList<Integer>();
            colors.add(ContextCompat.getColor(getActivity(),android.R.color.holo_blue_bright));
            colors.add(ContextCompat.getColor(getActivity(),android.R.color.holo_purple));
            colors.add(ContextCompat.getColor(getActivity(),android.R.color.holo_green_dark));
            colors.add(ContextCompat.getColor(getActivity(),android.R.color.holo_red_dark));
            colors.add(ContextCompat.getColor(getActivity(),android.R.color.holo_orange_light));

            set1.setColors(colors);
            mChart.setExtraBottomOffset(0);
            BarData data = new BarData(dataSets);
            data.setBarWidth(0.9f);
            data.setValueFormatter(new MyValueFormatter());
            XAxis xAxis =  mChart.getXAxis();
            xAxis.setPosition(XAxis.XAxisPosition.BOTTOM);
            xAxis.setLabelRotationAngle(30);
            xAxis.setSpaceMax(5f);
            xAxis.setGranularity(1f);
            xAxis.setDrawGridLines(false);
            xAxis.setGranularityEnabled(true);
            Legend l= mChart.getLegend();
            LegendEntry l1=new LegendEntry("Activities", Legend.LegendForm.DEFAULT,10f,2f,null, ContextCompat.getColor(getContext(),android.R.color.holo_blue_bright));
            LegendEntry l2=new LegendEntry("ArmedActivated", Legend.LegendForm.DEFAULT,10f,2f,null, ContextCompat.getColor(getContext(),android.R.color.holo_purple));
            LegendEntry l3=new LegendEntry("Theft Averted", Legend.LegendForm.DEFAULT,10f,1f,null,ContextCompat.getColor(getContext(),android.R.color.holo_green_dark));
            LegendEntry l4=new LegendEntry("Arrest", Legend.LegendForm.DEFAULT,10f,2f,null, ContextCompat.getColor(getContext(),android.R.color.holo_red_dark));
            LegendEntry l5=new LegendEntry("Missed", Legend.LegendForm.DEFAULT,10f,2f,null, ContextCompat.getColor(getContext(),android.R.color.holo_orange_light));
            mChart.setFitBars(true);
            l.setEnabled(true);
            l.setWordWrapEnabled(true);
            l.setCustom(new LegendEntry[]{l1,l2,l3,l4,l5});
            mChart.setData(data);
            mChart.invalidate();

And my Log is:
03-14 16:33:47.407 26479-26479/com.ivis.live E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
                                                           Process: com.ivis.live, PID: 26479
                                                           java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'int android.content.Context.getColor(int)' on a null object reference
                                                               at android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat.getColor(ContextCompat.java:409)
                                                               at com.ivigil.ivis.fragments.CurrentFragment$1.onResponse(CurrentFragment.java:285)
                                                               at com.ivigil.ivis.fragments.CurrentFragment$1.onResponse(CurrentFragment.java:222)
                                                               at com.android.volley.toolbox.JsonRequest.deliverResponse(JsonRequest.java:83)
                                                               at com.android.volley.ExecutorDelivery$ResponseDeliveryRunnable.run(ExecutorDelivery.java:106)
                                                               at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:789)
                                                               at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:98)
                                                               at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:164)
                                                               at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6541)
                                                               at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
                                                               at com.android.internal.os.Zygote$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(Zygote.java:240)
                                                               at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:767)

Edit: here i come to know the main issue is getActivity only can any one give me solution for that in my case.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Less than two hours from Toronto, this six cottage fractional property gives you access to The Kawarthas and the splendor of the upper watershed of the Trent River. Perfect for weekend escapes and family vacations with five weeks of ownership per year.
At Inaski Shores, you need never worry about your property. Annual fees cover all maintenance, landscaping, and cleaning. You can relax and enjoy vacation home ownership, stress-free. Inaski Shores is on a private lakefront enclave.
Fishing, canoeing, paddleboarding, boating or kayaking are right at your doorstep. Swim in an outdoor heated salt water pool, BBQ in a screened-in porch overlooking Shadow Lake, and take long walks with the scent of pine and the melodious song of the lake loons.


The London Stock Exchange today lies at the heart of the global financial community it has approximately 3,000 companies worldwide trading on its markets. Built on integrity, expertise, market knowledge and consistently leading the way in developing a well-regulated stock market, it can trace its history back more than 300 years.
In 1571 the Royal Exchange was opened by Elizabeth I, it was founded by Thomas Gresham based on the Antwerp Bourse, the first public building used exclusively for financial and commodity trading. In 1669 Gresham's Exchange was destroyed in the Great Fire of London, was rebuilt and became a model for modern stock exchanges.
During the 17th century, ill-mannered stockbrokers were barred from the Royal Exchange; this led to problems, one of which was traders started dealing from other establishments in the vicinity, namely Jonathan's Coffee House. Jonathan's was opened in 1680 and soon began to print their own news sheet, with articles relevant to their clientele who were mostly City businessmen.
Trading in stocks wasn't new, the coffee houses employed boys to go to the docks for news from the cargo boats or befriend servants of the big merchants for information. When they heard anything they reported back to the coffee house where their findings were displayed on a board behind the bar. In 1698 a broker, John Castaing, who spent a lot of time at Jonathan's started listing the prices of commodities. Castaing's list called The Course of Exchange and Other Things is the earliest evidence of organised trading in London and the publication continued for almost a century.
In 1748 Jonathan's burned down, ending an era and a new Jonathan's was built by the brokers. It was close to London's original livestock market, the two combined and the London Stock Market was born.
After theSeven Years War, trade at Jonathan's boomed and a group of stock brokers and jobbers formed a club to buy and sell shares. In 1773, they opened a formal "Stock Exchange" in Sweeting's Alley. This had a dealing room on the ground floor and a coffee room above. It charged an entrance fee that allowed traders to enter the stock room and trade securities. In 1802 The Exchange moved into a new building, it was the first formally regulated exchange in London and in 1812 the first codified rule book was created the Exchange was now an accepted part of the financial life in the City.
Just as London enjoyed the economic boom other cities were also showing great business development and in 1836 Liverpool and Manchester opened Stock Exchanges. At this time stock broking was considered a real business profession. By 1853 there were so many members and brokers the Exchange needed larger premises in 1854 a new building inspired from the Great Exhibition was acquired.
By the late 1800s, the telephone,ticker tapeand thetelegraphhad been invented which revolutionised the work of the Exchange.
As the centre of the financial world, the City and Stock Exchange were hit hard by the outbreak of war. When peace finally returned, the mood on the trading floor was quiet as almost a thousand members had left the Exchange between 1914-18.
The Stock Exchange received its Coat of Arms, the motto "Dictum Meum Pactum" (My Word is My Bond) in1923.
On 1st September 1939, the Stock Exchange closed "until further notice" two days later, war was declared. Unlike the earlier war, the Exchange opened just six days later. During the second year of war the Exchange's floor was hit byincendiary bombs, which were extinguished quickly and nobody was hurt as trading was low and mostly done over the phone.
During the 1950s the stock market was booming which again made it necessary to find new accommodation. Work on theStock Exchange Towerbegan in 1967 and the 26-storey office block was opened byQueen Elizabeth IIin 1972.
1973 marked the year when two trading prohibitions were abolished. The Monopolies and Mergers Commissionrecommended the admittance of both women and foreign-born members on the floor and the London Stock Exchange was formally amalgamated with the 11 British and Irish regional exchanges.
The biggest happening of the 1980s was the deregulation of the UK financial markets. The phrase Big Bang was coined to describe abolition of fixed commission charges, the distinction between stockjobbers and stockbrokers, as well as changeto electronic, screen-based trading. The FTSE 100 Indexwas launched and tracked the movements of the 100 leading companies listed on the Exchange.
In 1995 The Exchange launched AIM, to allow growing companies to expand to international markets. Two years later Electronic Trading (SETS) was launched to bringing greater speed and efficiency to the market.
The year of the new millennium, the Exchange's shareholders voted to become a public limited company: London Stock Exchange plc. The LSE also transferred its role as UK Listing Authority to the Financial Services Authority. The old Stock Exchange became redundant with the advent of the Big Bang and in 2004, moved to new headquarters inPaternoster Square.
In October 2007 the Exchange merged with Borsa Italiana, creating Europe's leading diversified exchange business, London Stock Exchange Group. The Group operates out of the Stock Exchange's headquarters in Paternoster Square.
The LSE is proof that from something small, a giant can be built. From its roots in the 17th Century coffee houses of London, the London Stock Exchange has grown to become the City's most important and one of the oldest financial institution in the world.


text:
Metron Wins Air Traffic Flow Management Contract from Airservices Australia
HERNDON, Va., January 29, 2019 – Airservices Australia has awarded Metron Aviation a contract for the development of software that implements the Airservices Long Range Air Traffic Flow Management (LR-ATFM) concept of operations.
Under the LR-ATFM concept, long range international flights will be assigned arrival times well in advance to allow for the most fuel efficient en route phase of flight when a delay is required because of demand and capacity imbalances at the arrival airport.
As stated in the Airservices LR-ATFM Concept of Operations document, the LR-ATFM concept "…will deliver increased predictability and reduced fuel burn for international long haul operations and integrate these flights into existing ATFM processes. This in turn will deliver further delay reductions and predictability improvements for all inbound flights into Australia's major airports."
Metron will integrate the LR-ATFM implementing software in Metron's flagship ATFM product – Harmony for Air Navigation Service Providers. Harmony has been deployed and in use by Airservices for ATFM operations since 2012.
"We are pleased to have been selected by Airservices Australia for development of the software for this groundbreaking concept," said John Kefaliotis, President of Metron Aviation. "Implementation of the concept will represent a significant first step in the movement of international aviation to Trajectory Based Operations" (TBO).
TBO is an aviation concept under which aircraft are allowed to employ optimal profiles in airspace operations.
Founded in 1995, Metron Aviation is a trusted and proven innovator in the air traffic management (ATM) industry. A subsidiary of Airbus Americas, Metron Aviation has an honored past, developing ATM and air traffic flow management solutions for the global aviation industry, including the Federal Aviation Administration. By working with all stakeholders in the ATM ecosystem — air navigation service providers, airlines, airports, civil aviation authorities and other influencers — through its Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) process, Metron Aviation understands ATM's greatest issues. It fuses advanced science and mathematics with unparalleled subject-matter expertise to turn groundbreaking ATM research concepts into next-generation operational capabilities. For more information, please visit www.metronaviation.com.
Quentin Hunstad
Quentin.hunstad@airbus.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Prefer this; more Krautrock than than the War Room E.
From the centre of the indie universe that is Brooklyn; this is that rare beast, an indie-electropop tune with political punch. If Obama had used this as his re-election campaign song it would have been all over by New Hampshire.
Reagan's Skeleton sounds great, unfortunately the Howler track less so – hence you have them in the correct order!
Yes, I tend to agree with Richard on this one. I've heard Yeasayer before but they haven't really done anything for me, however this one is a catchy little number. The Howler track isn't my fave, and I must dig out which track of theirs I really liked. Probably won't of course, but if I do, you'll be the first to know!
Right, inevitably we're now starting to get repeat artists and in the case of my number 9, songs too. Not much to say except it shows the strength of a song when you hear it on an advert countless times and you still aren't sick of it!


15 Mar (Deutsch) Es bleibt dabei: Geöffnet nur bis 18 Uhr!!!
For the last 15 years Raute Records has been known as a mail-order and wholesale store for vinyl and accessories. We shut down our mail-order and wholesale business at the beginning of this year.
Thank you so much for your loyalty over all those years!
Our new homepage also needs to be maintained properly and there are a lot of other things that will certainly keep us busy.


Grace Covenant Baptist Church was established in April 2008 by six families from Arab, Alabama who prayed earnestly that God alone would be glorified in the local church.
These families began meeting together with a common conviction of the need for a biblically healthy church in the community where biblical leadership, sound doctrine, meaningful church membership, biblical church discipline, and serious exposition of the Bible from the pulpit were both cherished and guarded.
Having sought the will of God through much prayer, Bible study, and godly counsel, this group made the decision to covenant together as Grace Covenant Baptist Church and took all the necessary biblical and legal steps to this end.
The next year, God called Jody Kent Anderson as Grace Covenant's first pastor, and Jody began his labors in December 2009.
Grace Covenant holds to the 1689 London Baptist Confession of Faith.
The church is a partner with Anchored in Truth, the missions arm of Grace Life Church of the Shoals, Muscle Shoals, Alabama.


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Home News & Analysis TR Capital leads on $150m India multi-asset continuation fund
TR Capital leads on $150m India multi-asset continuation fund
Other buyers including Axiom Asia, StepStone Group and Unigestion participated in the continuation fund that will house three companies.
Madeleine Farman
TR Capital has led on a multi-asset continuation fund for three India-headquartered businesses.
Other buyers including Axiom Asia Private Capital, StepStone Group and Unigestion participated in the continuation fund which raised close to $150 million, according to a statement.
The vehicle will acquire interests in three companies from Indian-focused private equity firm Samara Capital's $300 million Samara Capital Partners Fund II.
Two of the three companies are market leaders in India – Sahajanand Medical Technologies, which manufactures cardiovascular devices and FirstMeridian Business Services, a staffing company, TR Capital's founder and chief executive Paul Robine told Secondaries Investor.
The third company, Hyderabad-based biryani chain restaurant Paradise Food Court, has a strong chief executive and management team, which has achieved growth and is focused on further growth of the business, Robine said.
The transaction was a typical fund restructuring with some of Samara's Fund II investors looking for an exit, Robine said. The transaction increased distributed-to-paid-in towards 2x for the 2014-vintage fund, according to the statement. The vehicle's term is scheduled to end in 2024.
UBS advised on the transaction.
The continuation fund is "one of the largest fund restructuring transactions in India" over the past decade, Robine said, adding that he expects there will be more of these transactions in the region over the coming five years.
"[Over] the past 10 to 15 years, a lot of growth capital funds were created in India, a lot of VC funds were created in India, but exits were not always there," Robine added. Continuation funds are an "interesting way for GPs to create liquidity in a market that keeps maturing and that keeps becoming more and more exit oriented, which is a good thing for India".
Up to around 2015 it was not so easy to exit positions on the India market, but liquidity has improved in India over the past five or six years, he said.
TR Capital anticipates the three companies should be exited within the next three to five years, Robine said.
The deal marks the second continuation fund TR Capital and Samara Capital have completed.
TR Capital led on the single asset continuation fund of Sapphire Foods, one of the largest franchisee operators of YUM! Brands in the Indian sub-continent, alongside Creador and NewQuest Capital Partners in 2021. The company listed on the National Stock Exchange of India that year.


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MITSUBISHI MIRAGE IS BEING REDISCOVERED FOR 1998
by Bill Maloney
SEE ALSO: Mitsubushi Buyer's Guide
Whenever we test drive a new car we attempt to elicit as many opinions as possible from motorist friends, co-workers, family members....anyone who can make our writing job eazier with suggestions and comments re styling and performance. When we showed off the new Mitsubishi Mirage Coupe LS with its 1.8 SOHC, 16V four cylinder engine and pretty neat sports car styling the most oft query we received was something along the lines of... "het, that's pretty nifty and peppy...what's it cost?" Mitsu calls it an entry level sports car and while it doesn't have any real sporty car speed or agility it does look good, offer plenty of four seat room and comes in at $14,330. That is a good price for a distinctive car that will probably retain its styling for several more years.
The Mirage started life a few years ago as a four-door sedan and it was only last year that the plant in Normal, Illinois started cranking out coupes. Like other "handling" sports cars, the Mirage features 4-wheel independent suspension and in our LS it sported a five-speed manual transmission to once again give it more sports car flair. The four banger engine only puts out 118 horsepower but makes all, the right moves.
There are so many cars in this bracket that a buyer really has to sit down with a wish list and detail exactly what he/she is looking for in a personal car and this all may come down to price. Other cars in this class are Dodge Neon and Nissan 200SX SE-R.
On the iside the Mirage coupe is pleasant...am/fm stereo, air, seat height adjustments, 60/40 split bench seat, side view mirrors and options include door locks, power sunroof, ABS, cruise control, side air dam and fog lights. Much to our chagrin the radio did not have a cassette player as we were just finishing the final chapter of books on tape... "The court martial of George Armstrong Custer" Never did find out the ending.
A coupe employing a fairly anemic 1.5 or 1.8 liter motor you're better off opting for the five-speed manual gear box over the automatic. It is smooth and if you want the automatic that's electronically controlled and is that new breed of trans that "learns" a drivers driving habits and adjusts shifting strategies accordingly.
If a sporty coupe is something you have ben contemplating check out the Mirage and if you can beat up the retailer you could come out with a pretty good value and a fun car. and 36 mpg highway is a big plus.


Current implementation of multicasting is using UDP protocol which is unreliable. There are many problems in reliable multicasting that make it difficult to implement. A study of the problems of reliable multicasting and an algorithm for reliable multicast protocol are proposed in this thesis. Unfairness when some of the receivers are faster than the others, the overhead at the sender because of managing all the group members and the problem of the traffic congestion at the sender because of the acknowledgments from each receiver are the problems that our proposed algorithm solved. Our proposed protocol is to divide the multicast group into different subgroups in a way that all members of the subgroup are related in speeds, location etc. In this way, we will make the sender send the same message with different speeds to different receiver subgroups. The sender will send as many times as the number of the subgroups. This solution has the advantage that fast receivers will not wait for slow receivers until they receive their message, which will improve the performance of fast receivers. To reduce the number of acknowledgments at the sender, we select from each subgroup a member that sends acknowledgment to the sender. In this way, only one acknowledgment from the subgroup is sent to the receiver rather than every member sending an acknowledgment to the sender, which solves the problem of many acknowledgments at the sender.
Ghanem, Mohamed M. (1996). On the internet grouping for reliable multicasting. Master's thesis, Texas A&M University. Available electronically from http : / /hdl .handle .net /1969 .1 /ETD -TAMU -1996 -THESIS -G48.


What makes a granola a killer granola? I'm so glad you asked!
One that includes butter, crunchy coconut and a bounty of seeds.
Toasted coconut is buttery enough, but coated in a brown sugar, butter and mixed with golden oats?
Chop up the walnuts or use any other nut you want! I love a good toasted walnut, don't you?
Melt butter in a pan, add in the walnuts, toss to coat. I've never done this to a granola before.
And then we add the sugar. Hummina Hummina. Stir in the vanilla at the very end.
We do this so we don't burn off the vanilla taste. That would be a waste of vanilla.
Now we get the rest of the ingredients in a bowl.
Would you just LOOK AT THOSE GLAZED WALNUTS?!!
Mix really well and then spread it out on a parchment lined baking sheet.
And we're toasted! You see those coconut flakes? Cooper picks them all out and eats them.
I really don't blame the kid. I need to make him his own tray of toasted coconut.
I had this granola for breakfast for a week straight with plain yogurt & a peach plum compote.
I was sad when I ran out. You would be too.
Preheat oven to 325F. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper or a baking mat.
In a small saucepan, melt the butter with the salt over low heat. Add the chopped nuts, increase the heat to medium, and cook, stirring frequently for 5 minutes, or until lightly toasted. Add the honey and brown sugar, reduce the heat to low, and stir until melted and combined. Remove from the heat and stir in the vanilla extract.
In a large bowl, combine the oats, coconut, sunflower seeds and sesame seeds. Add the sugar mixture and toss until the oats are evenly coated.
Spread the granola evenly on the prepared pan. Place in the oven on the middle rack and bake for 15 minutes. Remove from the oven and stir to redistribute the granola. Bake for an additional 10 minutes, or until golden brown.
Let cool completely on the baking sheet. Store the granola in an airtight container.
I make a lot of granola, including a variation with butter, but I've never thought to glaze the walnuts. What an excellent, decadent granola addition–I'd say it's right up there on par with crystallized ginger and cacao nibs (not together!) as a fancy-er up of granola.
Oh this does look KILLER!! I've always just bought my granola ready made, but I am so gonna ditch the laziness for 5 minutes and make this!
Brown sugar, honey, oats, coconut…yes, this is killer granola for.sure. I bet your house smelled amazing while it was baking!
This looks like such a fiiiine recipe! Love this idea!
Hummina Hummina indeed! I'm going to make this for my kiddos tomorrow! Thanks again Tracy!
Making granola is one of my favorite things. So easy and such a delicious reward. I will have to give this one a shot! I've never seen granola made quite like that either. Thank you so much!
i think i really need this in my life, and I need to make it soon! I've been eating yogurt and granola for awhile now as my midmorning snack, and this would be a welcome addition. Although, when I saw the first picture, I was really scared, thinking that you had put bacon pieces in the granola. Thank GOODNESS I was way off!
Haha! The coconut is pretty hearty/savory though!
Tracy, thanks so much for posting this!!! I was seriously just looking for a granola recipe. I can't wait to make this!
Thank´s for share this recipe!! Good, Good, Good!!
I've been hooked on your coconut almond granola for a while, but now I'm sorely tempted to change things up with this recipe. those walnuts look INSANE.
follow-up: I made it. it was totally killer! but where did you find your black sesame seeds? I could only find the white ones (I checked Whole Foods and TJ's), and while I'm sure the flavor is just as good, it wasn't quite as pretty as yours. please enlighten me!
I actually got mine at Whole Foods! Weird. They are in the Asian section in a big plastic tub. If you have a good store around you that has bulk spices, you can find them really cheap. I wish I could just give you some. I have TOO MUCH.
Try Penzey's spices for black sesame seeds. They are good quality, very fresh and the price is good if you consolidate a lot of items to get cheaper shipping. I always do mail order but they also now have a few stores across the US. I also get all my vanilla from them.
Great granola! I'm going to make it again as soon as I find the time!
ahhh Tracy, this looks so delicious and amazing!
just made a batch last night. no boxed substitute for the homemade stuff! looks so perfect!
Oh, what a great idea to caramelize the walnuts beforehand! You really can't beat homemade granola – way better than store bought.
have never gone the butter route in granola, but i think it's high time to try. thanks for the inspiration!
my mouth is watering! i always love your granola recipes and i'm sure this one will be no exception.
i also really LOVE the 1st photo. well done!
Woooooow, walnuts like this are KILLER! I am so excite4d about this, and I could not be more serious. This is my granola making week, just ran out. I am making my go to olive oil granola, and now THIS. I would never have thought to do that to the walnuts, and I can't imagine a better way to do it. Yum Yum Yum:).
The first, and only, time I've made granola I cooked it too long and everything had a burnt taste and the dried cranberries were rock hard. Total granola fail!
I am excited to give this a go, I hope for better results this time. Live and learn right?!
Out the cranberries in after you baked the granola! They don't need to be cooked. You'll find much better results that way.
Oh gee, silly me! hahah thank you so much for the tip!!!
Delightful. Will be trying this for sure!
Love this idea! I make granola a lot & I'm getting super bored with my usual recipe. I could step it up a notch just by glazing the walnuts!
I've been waiting for a good granola recipe to try and this one look not-too-oaty, which is the problem I've had with a lot of other granolas.
I just made this today. It is scrumtious. My kids love it. I might have to stash some away before it's completely gone. Thanks for the recipe. I love your blog!!!
***sigh***. I soooooo need this breakfast. I'm going thru a VERY rough time and this breakfast looks like just what the doctor ordered!
I'm making this. Right now. I drooled a bit reading this. YUM.
Holy mackerel was this delicious. I just moved (Sunday) and this was the first thing I officially made in our new place. It might be my new favorite version. Gracias.
This looks amazing Tracy! My mum used to make granola for us all the time when I was little! So great.
I am SO overdue for a granola making afternoon – DOING THIS!
That looks so good! But I'm terrified to make it. If I have granola in the house, I can't NOT yolo it all.
jar it up. give it to friends. save some for yourself!
I love granola and I'm going to try this because you made it sound so enticing. I mean how can you not make a recipe labeled "killer granola".
My favorite granola and one that I top on my go lean crunch every day is Cafe Fanny. I hate the price tag, but love the granola.
haha! My thoughts exactly. They had me at killer! I'll have to try that granola. I'll look out for it.
hey shutts! i love granola. the killer buttery version is major. and while, i'll definitely have to try out this recipe, i might first toast up a batch of coconut flakes–cooper is on to something. thanks for sharing!
Oh my goodness does this look good!! I have everything on hand except the black sesame seeds. Where can I find them? I live in the Bay area. Thanks!
I have found them at Mitsuwa in San Jose. It is a Japanese grocery store that has all sorts of lovely stuff. You can get a giant jar of black sesame seeds for not too much money. It is right of 280 near the Saratoga exit in San Jose. Totally a fun place to explore.
I picked up some at Whole Foods. The giant jar was less than $5. I think you can also find them at Cost Plus World Market and see what Nicole recommends!
Thanks so much Tracy and Nicole!
Looking good…looking good. I can't wait to try this one out! Calvin is totally into granola bars these days, but maybe I can convert him to the real thing. Loves.
Off to make myself some toasted coconut!
Do you buy coconut flakes, or shave it yourself from a whole coconut? If you buy … where, please?
I can get them at our local Whole Foods. Do you have one near you?
Is there a taste difference Btwn the black vs white sesame seeds?
Tracy – I think we're granola kin because I made a pretty similar granola last week while cleaning out the pantry!
Had to emerge from "lurkdom" to comment – this granola is dead easy to make and delicious. I'm eating a bowl right now for my brekkie – although the black sesame seeds floating around in the milk do look like some fruit flies up and died in my bowl. I switched out the walnuts for pecans and ate about half of them while the granola was still cooling. Love the site Tracy.
Butter, honey, walnuts, coconut???? What's not to love! Awesome recipe, and photos! I'll be trying this soon!
That flaked coconut is calling my name!
I loved it so much, I blogged about it, too! Thanks, Tracy!
Mine took 45 minutes in the oven because I expected the usual dark browning of granola but I took it out before it got burnt. So delicious! Love your site I'm glad to ave discovered it.
I happen to have black sesame in the house. Killer gronola, you're gonna kill me… in my tummy.
Hi Tracy: If you are making this granola as a gift, how early in advance can you make it? Will it keep in Ziploc bags for several weeks? Thanks!
It should! And if you're ever worried about freshness, you can totally freeze granola.
i die! i must make a few jars for holiday gifts. do you happen to know if i can ship it? or how long it lasts? i don't want it to travel 4 days and arrive near its expiration date. thanks!
I accidentally bought quick oats instead of rolled oats. Tracy, do you think that would be a problem in this recipe since the quick oats are smaller pieces?
Just go with it!! I don't think it would be a catastrophe. Just a little different. Lemme know!
Woof. I'm SOOOOOOOO disappointed in my results with this recipe 🙁 Am trying to figure out why it's all so dry but maybe I let the sugar and honey mixture cool for too long. It tastes yummy but doesn't resemble any granola I've ever made or seen. Oh well -live and learn!
This looks s'wonderful! I'm loving how many gluten free options that you have on here. YAY!
Finally tried this! I used coconut oil instead of butter. Absolutely divine with yogurt!
I just made this tonight. This recipe lives up to its name! It is tops in my book, equal to the best I've ever had. Not many granolas are this good!


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DELHI, JANUARY 20: 159.67 cr vaccine doses have been administered so far under Nationwide Vaccination Drive India's Active caseload currently stands at 19,24,051 Active cases stand at 5.03% Recovery Rate currently at 93.69% 2,23,990 recoveries in the last 24 hours increases Total Recoveries to 3,58,07,029 3,17,532 new cases […]
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NEW YORK — The New York attorney general's office late Tuesday told a court its investigators had uncovered evidence that former President Donald Trump's company used "fraudulent or misleading" asset valuations to get loans and tax benefits. The court filing said state authorities haven't yet decided whether to […]
By Yoshita Singh New York, Jan 19: Al-Qaida's linkages with UNSC proscribed Pakistan-based terror groups like LeT and JeM has continued to strengthen, India's envoy to the UN has said, underlining that the recent developments in Afghanistan have only served to re-energise the terrorist group. India's Permanent Representative […]
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59,000 metric tonnes of biomass co-fired in coal fired Thermal power plants Contracts awarded for procurement of 11 Lakh MT of biomass pellets and tenders floated for 55 lakh MT DELHI, JANUARY 19: Union Power Secretary chaired the second meeting of Steering Committee for SAMARTH i.e. National Mission […]
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Rappler challenges president's 'media powers' in democracy fight back
Hidden women of history: Australian undercover journalist in hospitals
Ampatuan massacre justice aftermath with more fear of warlords, corruption
Radio storytelling and community empowerment in Philippines
Praise for young Pacific journalists and threats to Melanesian journalism
Home Analysis Marites Vitug: Duterte's dangerously zero idea of independent journalism
Marites Vitug: Duterte's dangerously zero idea of independent journalism
By Pacific Media Watch -
"This truly reflects the sad state of journalism in the Philippines. It shows the swath of reality that independent journalism has not yet taken root in our society." Graphic: Rappler
ANALYSIS: By Marites Dañguilan Vitug in Manila
A year ago, the White House barred some members of the press from attending an informal briefing, a rarity in a country that was regarded as the beacon of democracy.
Excluding reporters from The New York Times, CNN, Politico, BuzzFeed, and the Los Angeles Times – all accredited by the White House – was then part of President Donald Trump's intensifying war against the news media.
Today, President Rodrigo Duterte is taking a leaf from Trump's undemocratic playbook by banning journalists from Rappler, Pia Rañada and Maria Ressa, from the Malacañang presidential palace.
Pia Rañada is an accredited reporter who has been covering Duterte since he assumed office. Image: Rappler
Rañada is an accredited reporter and has been covering Duterte since he assumed office, while Ressa is Rappler CEO and executive editor. However, the ban is not just for a single event, as what happened in the White House, but for an extended period.
The New York Times, in its editorial then, pointed out that nothing of this sort happened during various crises that gripped US presidents, including Watergate, the Iran-contra scandal, and the Monica Lewinsky affair.
Neither did this happen under Duterte's predecessors. This is the first time in the post-Marcos era that a ban from the entire Malacañang compound has been slapped on journalists.
- Partner -
Corazon Aquino, Fidel Ramos, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, Joseph Estrada, and Benigno Aquino III had their run-ins with the media but they never banned news organisations from the entire compound.
Critical reporting
At no time during the "Hello, Garci" scandal, Mamasapano fiasco, Baby Arenas affair, and Estrada impeachment were reporters barred from Malacañang for critical reporting.
There were times when these presidents were upset by certain news reports. Some held off granting interviews or flatly refused these requests. One president, we were told, gave a gag order to members of the Cabinet only when it came to a particular news outlet.
Sure, there was tension between the president, his aides and journalists, an unavoidable occurrence in a democracy where the media dutifully pursue their role as watchdogs. But the interaction was civil and a certain respect for institutions remained.
What makes Duterte different and dangerous is the context in which the ban is happening. He has weakened the country's democracy by undermining institutions including the judiciary, Office of the Ombudsman, the Commission on Human Rights, and the media.
His war on drugs has led to thousands of killings, creating a climate of fear. He has threatened his opponents and showed utter vindictiveness, the most disturbing reminder of which is Senator Leila de Lima's year-long detention.
Duterte's contempt for the media has resulted in the decision of the Securities and Exchange Commission to shut Rappler. He has been going against the Inquirer and ABS-CBN whose owners, he has always said, are oligarchs who take advantage of their position to violate laws.
Inquirer is negotiating its sale to a new owner, Ramon Ang, a wealthy businessman close to Duterte; and ABS-CBN is on the edge as Duterte has vowed to block the renewal of its franchise which expires within his term.
Personalistic style, yes men
Two things have surfaced, yet again, during this recent presidential tantrum: Duterte's personalistic style of leadership and the inability – bordering on paralysis – of his aides to persuade their boss to stand tall and remind him of his earlier statement that he is not the enemy of the press.
"I am not your enemy," he said in a speech at the Malacañang Press Corps Christmas party he hosted last year. "Your quest for truth, that's your business, not mine. At the end of the day, it's not my property."
It is easy to imagine the Executive Secretary Salvador Medialdea, his Senior Deputy Menardo Guevarra, and the Spokesperson Harry Roque, shaking in their suits, dredging their minds for reasons to justify a decision that goes against this recent pronouncement.
Fear has taken the better of them.
It turns out that this declaration about having an adversarial relationship with the media is simply a shell. Duterte's latest action of banning Ranada from Malacañang, denying her access to sources of information, in effect curtailing her freedom to do her duty as a journalist, reflects his true attitude.
Everything is personal. As Roque put it, "Nabuwisit siya (He was annoyed)."
Roque likened the President to a homeowner who, in a fit, threw out a "rude" guest, referring to Ranada. This means that Duterte personalises his relationship with the press.
That he considers them "guests" shows that he thinks the reporters owe their presence in Malacañang to him. He has given them the privilege to enter his office.
Taxpayers' money
First, Malacañang is not the private home of Duterte. It is where he temporarily holds office while he is president of the Philippines. Taxpayers' money sustain the operations of his office, including his billions of pesos in intelligence and confidential funds, and his salary.
Second, Ranada is not a guest, far from it. She is a journalist assigned by her news organisation to cover the President.
The president is an elected official who is accountable to the public. The press reports on him, his statements, actions, behavior, comings and goings – as long as they have to do with public interest. He is fair game.
Duterte has apparently mistaken the friendliness and politeness of reporters for loyalty. He has given Rañada and other reporters access, bantered with them, exchanged laughs, showed them acts of kindness.
In return, he expects them to be grateful and report nothing unsettling about him and people close to him.
What is disturbing is that it is not only the President who thinks this way. At least one reporter expressed a similar view.
This truly reflects the sad state of journalism in the Philippines. It shows the swath of reality that independent journalism has not yet taken root in our society. I've said this before: in my heart is a core of profound sadness that in our country, we seem not to understand the meaning of independence and the role of journalists.
There is such a thing as heeding the call of our profession: to shed light on dark corners. This, we cannot stray from.
Marites Dañguilan Vitug is one of the Philippines' most experienced journalists. For close to a decade, Vitug—a Nieman fellow—edited Newsbreak magazine, a trailblazer in Philippine investigative journalism. Her recent book, Shadow of Doubt: Probing the Supreme Court, which exposed critical weaknesses in the country's highest court, has become a bestseller.
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Pacific Media Watch
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Pacific Media Watch is compiled for the Pacific Media Centre as a regional media freedom and educational resource by a network of journalists, students, stringers and commentators.
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Trying local cuisine is one of the vacation stages that most tourists are excited about, but not every foreign restaurant is as great as it looks. In fact, a lot of restaurant owners set tourist traps, luring unsuspecting foreigners in and offering nothing more than mediocre, overpriced food. Just like you look for reviews of hotels and local attractions, you should take the time to research the best and worst places to eat. If you're travelling to the UK, then check out an online directory about UK restaurants to find out where to eat the best food. The good news is that tourist traps are just about the same in all corners of the world, so once you learn what they are, you'll be able to spot a scam from a mile away.
A good restaurant relies on its excellent meals and customer service to gain clients and make a good reputation for itself, not on hawkers. If one of the staff members tries to approach you as you're walking down the street, telling you about their great traditional menus and low prices, don't go into the restaurant, because you won't like it there. You will either pay much more than advertised or you'll have some of the worst food you've ever eaten.
Having lunch in a restaurant right next to the London Bridge sounds romantic, but it's not the best idea, namely because restaurants located in central areas or near landmarks are almost always scams. They rely on their location to attract tourists, but they're mediocre at best and overcharge you for the most basic of meals. They also come in packs and they're located one next to another, making it difficult for you to escape then.
Another sign that you could be headed right into a tourist trap is the lack of a menu. Unprofessional restaurants usually have one big sign outside, advertising a traditional meal at a price that's too good to be true. It usually is, because tourists who fall for this trap go straight in, ordering the thing they read about on the sign, without being offered a menu. If they had requested one, they would have seen that what they wanted to order was much more expensive. Owners use this trick to scam customers and charge them extra, so, no matter where you go, ask for a menu first.
Before you enter the restaurant, look around and see who is sitting at the tables. If you see more than couple of fanny packs, cameras and people with maps, then it's a touristy spot and you're better off without it. Instead, walk a few more streets and find a smaller, quieter place where you can actually see locals enjoying their meals. Tourists can be fooled to enter a restaurant all the time, but locals aren't that easy to scam. Apart from being safer, this options also enables to enjoy an authentic culinary experience.


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UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Home UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Heritage is what we share and inherit from the past as a mutual legacy and we have the responsibility to preserve it and pass it on to future generations. World heritage is something that belongs to everybody and its application is universal. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is dedicated to identifying, protecting and preserving this common heritage of all humanity. This is expressed in an international treaty called the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted by UNESCO in 1972.
Mehmed Pasa Sokolović bridge in Visegrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina
As a place where various cultures and civilizations have met, oftentimes clashed and joined together Bosnia is truly a meeting of cultures. One of the challenges of developing tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina is combating prejudices and removing the aura of war which is so deeply ingrained in the consciousness of the modern world. Unbeknownst to an average Westerner (or easterner for that matter), there are plenty of sites of extraordinary value to explore in this corner of the world.
Recent history has marked Bosnia as a war-torn country and an unsafe destination. All of this was true at one point in time but the country has made great strides in developing and rebuilding itself since and most importantly it has plenty to offer. Too many tourists come to see Sarajevo and then don't know any other interesting places or things to do in Bosnia.
UNESCO World heritage organization has recognized and acknowledged three sites in this country to be of great importance for humanity; Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge in Višegrad (2007), Old Bridge Area of the Old City of Mostar (2005) and Stećci Medieval Tombstone Graveyards (2016). If you are considering to visit Bosnia you should definitely consider these three sites of tremendous value.
Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge in Višegrad
The old bridge in Visegrad is one of the finest examples of Ottoman heritage in the Balkans. Projected by Mimar Sinan, the most Influential Ottoman architect, it spans over the river Drina in 11 arches. The total length of the bridge is 179.5 m and its height is 15.4 m. Mimar Sinan is celebrated for the extraordinary use of proportions and in the Višegrad Bridge, he achieved an unparalleled level of elegance. This bridge was accepted by UNESCO as a World Heritage site in 2007.
Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge in Višegrad Photo Credit: Dragiša Stojiljković
Mehmed Pasa Sokolovic was the Grand Vizier who ordered the construction. He served three sultans and at the time was the most powerful man in the empire. Born in Bosnia and taken as a young boy through the Ottoman devshirme system he rose to prominence and decided to build the bridge over the river Drina since prior to the bridge crossing the river at that location was very dangerous and involved using a raft. There are two inscriptions on the bridge dating from the time when it was constructed. One of them specifically mentioned that no one before the Grand Vizier succeeded in building something similar.
People got more interested in the bridge when Ivo Andrić received the Nobel prize for literature. The most celebrated book he wrote is The Bridge on the Drina. It's a fictional work of literature based in Višegrad but it covers many real events and is a masterful insight into the melting pot of Bosnia. It neatly shows how big events affected the lives of ordinary people. Meet Bosnia provides tours to Višegrad, Andrić grad and Drvengrad. This tour is available from Sarajevo and other locations.
Meet Bosnia Travel offers a daily tour from Sarajevo to Visegrad, Andricgrad and Drvengrad.
Meet Bosnia Travel offers a transfer from Sarajevo to Belgrade with tour in the East of Bosnia and Western Serbia.
Old Bridge Area of the Old City of Mostar
The city of Mostar, serving today as a cultural and economic center of Herzegovina, is renowned for its urban, architectural and natural blend. Located on the Neretva river between the Velez mountain and Hum hill Mostar contains the traces of ancient traditions together with western European and Ottoman forms.
The most prominent object is undoubtedly the Old Bridge. It was constructed in the mid sixteen century by Mimar Hajrudin, the disciple of Mimar Sinan who designed the most splendid works of architecture produced by the Ottoman culture.
Old Bridge Mostar
The bridge is one simple stone arch stretching across the river Neretva but achieving such elegance was anything but simple. At the time of its construction, it was the largest man-made single arch in the world. With the height of 42 meters, the old bridge of Mostar is famous for another unique and quite daring tradition of jumping off from the bridges' highest point in the middle. Young men from and around Mostar prove their manhood by diving into ice-cold water and they have been doing so ever since the bridge was built.
The Old Bridge was bombed during the Bosnian war and the symbol of the city was fully destroyed. The original stones remained deep at the bottom of the river for years until the reconstruction started and some of the same stones got incorporated into the new bridge. In 2005 the bridge and the area surrounding it were enlisted on the UNESCO World heritage. One of the most popular Herzegovina tours is Four Pearls of Herzegovina, starting from Sarajevo and including Mostar and three more cities.
Mostar is one of the checkpoints of day tour from Sarajevo to Herzegovina that Meet Bosnia Travel offers.
Stećci
Stećci (singular: stećak) are medieval monolith tombstones of various sizes, shapes, inscriptions, and decorations found in and around Bosnia and Herzegovina. Some of these tombstones have the year of death inscribed in the stone so we can date them easily but that is not the case with most of them. The general consensus is that they were built from the 12 to the 16 century when as a consequence of the arrival of Ottomans new social norms were imposed and the custom of building stećaks ceased to take place. The interesting thing is the existence of so-called hybrids, cross-forms of medieval stećaks and typical Ottoman tombstones.
In the year 2009 four countries; Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Croatia and Montenegro have nominated stećaks together as a UNESCO World Heritage site and finally, in 2016 it was enlisted as such. There are 28 locations that have been recognized of which 21 are in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 3 in Serbia and 2 each in Croatia and Montenegro.
An impressive fact about stećaks is that they were used by members of different religions as is evident in the engravings in the stone (crosses, crescents, rings, etc) and in the inscriptions.
Lukomir village Photo credit: Lejla Sadiković
The majority of stećaks are not in good condition and throughout history, there were cases when the local people even used them as the building material for other constructions. Still, plenty of stećaks are easily accessible including those standing in front of the National Museum of Bosnia to original necropolis around Sarajevo such as those located on the mountain Bjelašnica and Lukomir Village.
Visit the original necropolis just 30 minutes from Sarajevo with Sarajevo tours to Lukomir together with Meet Bosnia Travel.
The Top Tours of the Balkans
New vlog in Sarajevo – Jewish cemetery and bobsled track


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Edward Lee (bishop)
The Most Reverend
Term ended
Thomas Wolsey
Robert Holgate
Edward Lee (c. 1482 – 13 September 1544) was Archbishop of York from 1531 until his death.
Controversies with Erasmus
Relations with the king
The Pilgrimage of Grace and later life
He was son of Richard Lee of Lee Magna, Kent, who was the son of Sir Richard Lee, lord mayor of London in 1461 and 1470. He was born in Kent in or about 1482. Thomas More was a family friend, and dedicated an early work, Life of John Picus, to Lee's sister Joyce, a Poor Clare. [1] [2]
Lee was elected fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1500. [3] Having graduated BA, he was incorporated at Cambridge early in 1503, moving from Oxford, it is supposed, on account of some outbreak of plague. At Cambridge he proceeded MA in 1504, [4] being ordained deacon in that year, with title to the church of Wells, Norfolk. In 1512 he was collated to a prebend at Lincoln, and had his grace for degree of BD, but was not admitted until 1515, in which year he was chosen proctor in convocation. [5] Thomas Cranmer took his MA in 1515, an early chance of contact with his future fellow-archbishop; Lee was later (1526) to give him his first court employment, as a junior member attached to a diplomatic mission to Spain. [6]
He spent time in 1518 at the University of Louvain, studying Greek, where he encountered Erasmus, at that time reshaping the humanist views in particular on the New Testament. [7] From an initially friendly disagreement, there evolved a series of polemics between Erasmus and Lee, with Lee emerging as the advocate of a traditionalist position. [8]
Erasmus wrote to Lee explaining that he had not been able to make use of certain annotations which Lee had written. By 1519 Lee was a prominent opponent of Erasmus. Erasmus declared that Lee was a young man desirous of fame, and that he spread about reports to his disadvantage; he further said that Lee had circulated among religious houses an unfavourable criticism of his New Testament without having sent it to him, and he threatened Lee with punishment at the hands of German scholars. During 1520 the dispute was carried on with bitterness on both sides. Erasmus said that Lee's chief supporter was Henry Standish. Lee put forth sundry attacks on Erasmus, who retaliated by the Epistolæ aliquot Eruditorum Virorum, and sent an Apologia to Henry VIII defending himself against Lee. [5] Thomas More, who said that he had loved Lee from boyhood, regretted the dispute, and set up a formal reconciliation at Calais in 1520, where diplomatic negotiations were taking place; [9] but the meeting of Erasmus and Lee had little immediate effect, and the quarrel was not made up until 1522. [10]
Lee provided substantive theological criticisms of In Praise of Folly , by close reading, in a fashion also later adopted by Noël Béda and Rodolfo Pio da Carpi. [11] [12] In dealing with the concept of ecstasy, Erasmus was accused by Lee of straying into territory explored by German mystical thinkers, and deemed heretical by the Church. [13] Erasmus shrugged off the comparisons with the Beghards and Turlupins; but he found it less easy to place a distance between himself and Meister Eckhart or Johan Tauler. [14] The heresy of Montanism was too close to some of what he had written, [11] and he was thrown somewhat on the defensive, in later writings avoiding the term "spirit" in its Platonic associations. [15]
In 1523 the king sent Lee with Henry Parker, 10th Baron Morley, and Sir William Hussey on an embassy to the Archduke Ferdinand of Austria to carry him the Garter, with the diplomatic aims of encouraging his opposition to the Lutherans and Francis I of France. Lee was the orator of the embassy. He was the king's almoner, and in the same year received the archdeaconry of Colchester. In 1525 he was sent with Sir Francis Poyntz to Spain on an embassy to the emperor. During 1529 he was engaged in an embassy to the Emperor Charles V in Spain, and in January 1530 was sent with the Earl of Wiltshire and John Stokesley to Pope Clement VII and the emperor at Bologna, to endeavour to persuade them out of their opposition to the king's divorce from Queen Catherine of Aragon. [5]
He returned to England in the spring. In 1529 he was made chancellor of the church of Salisbury, and in 1530 received a prebend at York, and a prebend of the royal chapel, and was incorporated D.D. at Oxford. Lee made himself useful to the king at home in the matter of the divorce, and on 1 June 1531 was one of a deputation which was sent to the queen to persuade her to forgo her rights. He spoke freely to the queen, who told him that what he said was untrue. In September, Henry wrote to the pope requesting authority for Lee's elevation to the archbishopric of York. On 13 October, Lee and others had an interview with Catharine, in which they urged her to withdraw her cause from Rome and submit to the decision of bishops and doctors. Clement granted a bull for Lee's elevation on the 30th; he was consecrated to the see of York on 10 December, and was enthroned by proxy on the 17th. [5]
Money difficulties made it advisable for him to please the king and Thomas Cromwell, which he did in the matter of patronage. In common with Stephen Gardiner, however, he refused in February 1533 to sign the declaration that the marriage with Catharine had been void from the beginning; but shortly afterwards got from the convocation of York an approbation of the grounds of the divorce. After the execution of Elizabeth Barton and her associates, in April 1534, it was falsely rumoured that Lee and other bishops were to be sent to the Tower of London.
In company with Stokesley, Lee visited John Houghton, the prior of the London Charterhouse, in the Tower, and represented to him that the succession was not a matter to die for, and he used a similar expression with reference to the cause in which Bishop John Fisher suffered. This was despite the fact that it was not the succession that these were to die over, but the inclusion in the preamble to the Act of Succession of the claim to be head of the English Church, by the king, which they denied was possible. On 21 May he and the Bishop of Durham were sent to Catharine at Kimbolton to expound to her the act of succession, and urge her to submission. He forwarded to the king on 1 June the declaration of the York convocation held the previous month, that the Pope had no greater jurisdiction within the realm of England than any other foreign bishop, and on 17 February 1535 wrote to the king professing his willingness to obey his will. Nevertheless, he was suspected of disliking the royal supremacy.
The king sent to him, as to other bishops, his commands that his new style should be published in his cathedral, and that the clergy should be instructed to set it forth in their parishes; and he also received Thomas Cranmer's order for preaching and form for bidding the beads, in which the king's style was inserted, with the king's order that every preacher should declare the just cause for rejecting the papal supremacy, and defend the divorce and marriage with Anne Boleyn. Henry was informed that Lee had neglected these orders and wrote to him reminding him that he had subscribed to the supremacy.
Lee answered on 14 June that he had, according to order, preached solemnly in his cathedral on the injury done to the king by the pope and on the divorce, but he acknowledged that he had made no mention of the royal supremacy. He asked the king not to listen to the accusations of his enemies. Moreover, on 1 July he wrote to Cromwell, sending him two books which he had prepared, one for his clergy to read and "extend" to their congregations, the other a brief declaration to the people of the royal supremacy, adding that the livings in his diocese were so poor that no learned man would take them, that he did not know in it more than twelve secular priests who could preach.
New cause of suspicion arose against him, and a few months later, he was examined by the king's visitor, Richard Layton, concerning words he was alleged to have used to the general confessor of Syon Abbey, and concerning the supremacy. He wrote his defence to the king on 14 January 1536. On 23 April, he interceded with Cromwell for two religious houses in his province: Hexham Abbey, useful as a place of refuge during Scottish invasions, and Nostell Priory, which he claimed as a free chapel belonging to his see. In June, he argued against the condemnation of Catholic customs in convocation and was regarded as the head of the anti-Reformation party. [5]
When the northern insurrection called the Pilgrimage of Grace broke out, later in 1536, Lee's position was equivocal at first. He took refuge on 13 October with Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy de Darcy, who held Pontefract Castle. On the 20th it was surrendered to the rebels, and the archbishop was compelled to take the oath of the Pilgrimage of Grace. Initially perhaps in favour of the movement, his opinion may have changed; for when on 27 November he and the clergy met in the church to consider certain articles proposed to them, he preached on the other side. The clergy, however, would not be led by him, and he was dragged from the pulpit. [5]
For some time out of the king's favour, Cromwell stood by his friend, and in July 1537 Lee wrote to him thanking him for giving Henry a good report of his sermons. In his diocesan duties he was assisted by a suffragan bishop. He served on the commission that drew up the Institution of a Christian Man. In May 1539 he argued in parliament in defence of the Six Articles, and in conjunction with others drew up the bill founded upon them. He was on the commission appointed in the spring of 1540 to examine the doctrines and ceremonies retained in the church, and on that which had to determine on the invalidity of the king's marriage with Anne of Cleves. [5]
From about 1540 he was patron to the struggling Roger Ascham. His support was not very generous, and was accompanied by criticism, but tided Ascham over for a few years at the beginning of his career as humanist and writer.
In 1541 new statutes for the government of the church of York were issued under the great seal. Lee surrendered to the crown in 1542 the manors of Beverley and Southwell and other estates, receiving in exchange lands belonging to certain suppressed priories, an exchange not particularly disadvantageous to the see. He died on 13 September 1544, at the age of sixty-two, and was buried in his cathedral church. Lee was the last archbishop of York that coined money. [5]
'Commentarium in universum Pentateuchum,' not printed, comp. 'Aschami Epp.' ii. 89;
'Apologia contra quorundam Calumnias;'
'Index annotationum prioris libri;'
'Epistola nuncupatoria ad D. Erasmum;'
'Annotationum libri duo;'
'Epistola apologetica, qua respondit D. Erasmi Epistolis' (these six, printed at Paris in or about 1520, are concerned with the controversy with Erasmus);
'Exhibita quædam per E. Leum, oratorem Anglicum in concilio Cæsareo,' &c. 1528;
Register of Edward Lee contains copies of the official statements relating to Henry VIII's divorce from his fourth wife, Anne of Cleeves.
Verses to his honour were in 1566 placed by Laurence Humphrey, President of Magdalen College, Oxford, in the window of the founder's chamber in that college. [5]
↑ Fox 1982, pp. 28–9, 33.
↑ Chambers 1963, pp. 15, 87–8.
↑ Alumni Oxonienses 1500–1714, Lee-Llewellin
↑ "Lee, Edward (LY502E)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Lee, Edward" . Dictionary of National Biography . London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
↑ MacCulloch 1996, p.34.
↑ Huizinga 2002, pp. 133–4.
↑ Istvan Bejczy (editor), Jane E. Phillips (editor), Erika Rummel (translator), Controversies with Edward Lee: Collected Works of Erasmus, Vol. 72 (2005).
↑ Ackroyd 1999, p. 212.
↑ Huizinga 2002, pp. 157.
1 2 Screech 1988, pp. 201–4.
↑ Rummel, Erika (27 September 2017). "Desiderius Erasmus". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
↑ Screech 1988, p. 118.
↑ Screech 1988, pp. 164–6.
Thomas Cranmer was a leader of the English Reformation and Archbishop of Canterbury during the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and, for a short time, Mary I. He helped build the case for the annulment of Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon, which was one of the causes of the separation of the English Church from union with the Holy See. Along with Thomas Cromwell, he supported the principle of royal supremacy, in which the king was considered sovereign over the Church within his realm.
Thomas Cromwell, was an English lawyer and statesman who served as chief minister to King Henry VIII from 1534 to 1540, when he was beheaded on orders of the king.
The Great Bible of 1539 was the first authorised edition of the Bible in English, authorised by King Henry VIII of England to be read aloud in the church services of the Church of England. The Great Bible was prepared by Myles Coverdale, working under commission of Thomas, Lord Cromwell, Secretary to Henry VIII and Vicar General. In 1538, Cromwell directed the clergy to provide "one book of the Bible of the largest volume in English, and the same set up in some convenient place within the said church that ye have care of, whereas your parishioners may most commodiously resort to the same and read it."
Nicholas Ridley was an English Bishop of London. Ridley was burned at the stake as one of the Oxford Martyrs during the Marian Persecutions for his teachings and his support of Lady Jane Grey. He is remembered with a commemoration in the calendar of saints in some parts of the Anglican Communion on 16 October.
Stephen Gardiner was an English bishop and politician during the English Reformation period who served as Lord Chancellor during the reign of Queen Mary I and King Philip.
Edward Foxe was an English churchman, Bishop of Hereford. He played a major role in Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon, and he assisted in drafting the Ten Articles of 1536.
Alexander Ales or Alexander Alesius was a Scottish theologian who immigrated to Germany and became a Lutheran supporter of the Augsburg Confession.
John Bell LL. D was a Bishop of Worcester (1539–1543), who served during the reign of Henry VIII of England.
Thomas Thirlby, was the first and only bishop of Westminster (1540–50), and afterwards successively bishop of Norwich (1550–54) and bishop of Ely (1554–59). While he acquiesced in the Henrician schism, with its rejection in principle of the Roman papacy, he remained otherwise loyal to the doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church during the English Reformation.
Thomas Watson was a Catholic Bishop, notable among Catholics for his descriptions of the Protestant Reformation. Historian Albert Pollard described Watson as "one of the chief Catholic controversialists" of Mary Tudor's reign.
White Kennett was an English bishop and antiquarian. He was educated at Westminster School and at St Edmund Hall, Oxford, where, while an undergraduate, he published several translations of Latin works, including Erasmus' In Praise of Folly.
Nicholas Shaxton was an English Reformer and Bishop of Salisbury.
The English Reformation took place in 16th-century England when the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church. These events were, in part, associated with the wider European Protestant Reformation, a religious and political movement that affected the practice of Christianity in western and central Europe. Causes included the invention of the printing press, increased circulation of the Bible and the transmission of new knowledge and ideas among scholars, the upper and middle classes and readers in general. The phases of the English Reformation, which also covered Wales and Ireland, were largely driven by changes in government policy, to which public opinion gradually accommodated itself.
William Barlow was an English Augustinian prior turned bishop of four dioceses, a complex figure of the Protestant Reformation. Aspects of his life await scholarly clarification. Labelled by some a "weathercock reformer", he was in fact a staunch evangelical, an anti-Catholic and collaborator in the Dissolution of the Monasteries and dismantling of church estates; and largely consistent in his approach, apart from an early anti-Lutheran tract and a supposed recantation under Mary I. He was one of the four consecrators and the principal consecrator of Matthew Parker as archbishop of Canterbury in 1559.
William Kingsmill alias William Basyng (?–1549) was Prior of St. Swithun's Priory, Winchester until the Dissolution of the Monastery in 1539; it was a Benedictine monastic house and its shrine to the saint popularly associated with determining the entire period of pre-harvest weather was a place of pilgrimage. He was appointed as the first Dean of Winchester Cathedral at the foundation of the new chapter in 1541.
John Barwick (1612–1664) was an early English royalist churchman and Dean of St. Paul's Cathedral.
George Browne D.D. was an English Augustinian who was appointed by Henry VIII of England to the vacant Episcopal see of Dublin. He became the king's main instrument in his desire to establish the state church in the Kingdom of Ireland.
Thomas Bedyll was a divine and royal servant. He was royal chaplain and clerk of the Privy Council of Henry VIII, assisting him with the separation from Rome.
Richard Gwent was a senior ecclesiastical jurist, pluralist Catholic cleric and administrator through the period of the Dissolution of the Monasteries under Henry VIII. Of south Welsh origins, as a Doctor of both laws in the University of Oxford he rose swiftly to become Dean of the Arches and Archdeacon of London and of Brecon, and later of Huntingdon. He became an important figure in the operations of Thomas Cromwell, was a witness to Thomas Cranmer's private protestation on becoming Archbishop of Canterbury, and was Cranmer's Commissary and legal draftsman. He was an advocate on behalf of Katherine of Aragon in the proceedings against her, and helped to deliver the decree of annulment against Anne of Cleves.
John London, DCL was Warden of New College, Oxford, and a prominent figure in the Dissolution of the Monasteries during the reign of Henry VIII of England.
Peter Ackroyd (1999), The Life of Thomas More
R. W. Chambers (1963), Thomas More
Alistair Fox (1982), Thomas More: History and Providence
Johan Huizinga (2002), Erasmus and the English Reformation (English translation)
Diarmaid MacCulloch (1996), Thomas Cranmer
M. A. Screech (1988), Erasmus: Ecstasy and The Praise of Folly
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : "Lee, Edward". Dictionary of National Biography . London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
Hutchinson, John (1892). "Edward Lee" . Men of Kent and Kentishmen (Subscription ed.). Canterbury: Cross & Jackman. p. 89.
Bishops and Archbishops of York
Pre-Reformation bishops
John of Beverley
Wilfrid II
Pre-Reformation
archbishops
Egbert
Æthelbert
Eanbald I
Eanbald II
Wulfsige
Wigmund
Wulfhere
Æthelbald
Hrotheweard
Wulfstan I
Oscytel
Edwald
Ealdwulf
Wulfstan II
Ælfric Puttoc
Cynesige
Ealdred
Thomas of Bayeux
Thomas II
Thurstan
William FitzHerbert
Henry Murdac
Roger de Pont L'Évêque
Geoffrey Plantagenet
Simon Langton
Walter de Gray
Sewal de Bovil
Godfrey Ludham
William Langton
Walter Giffard
William de Wickwane
John le Romeyn
Henry of Newark
Thomas of Corbridge
William Greenfield
William Melton
William Zouche
John of Thoresby
Alexander Neville
Thomas Arundel
Robert Waldby
Richard le Scrope
Thomas Langley
Robert Hallam
Henry Bowet
Philip Morgan
Richard Fleming
John Kemp
William Booth
George Neville
Lawrence Booth
Thomas Rotherham
Christopher Bainbridge
Post-Reformation
Nicholas Heath
Edmund Grindal
John Piers
Matthew Hutton
Tobias Matthew
George Montaigne
Samuel Harsnett
Richard Neile
Episcopacy abolished (Commonwealth)
Accepted Frewen
Richard Sterne
John Dolben
Thomas Lamplugh
Sir William Dawes Bt
Lancelot Blackburne
Thomas Herring
Robert Hay Drummond
William Markham
Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt
Thomas Musgrave
Charles Longley
William Connor Magee
William Maclagan
Cosmo Lang
William Temple
Cyril Garbett
Donald Coggan
Stuart Blanch
John Habgood
David Hope
John Sentamu
Paul Ferguson (acting diocesan)
Stephen Cottrell
Integrated Authority File (Germany)


2 To Timothy, e my true son in the faith.
Grace, mercy, and peace from God the f Father and Christ Jesus our Lord.
18 Timothy, my son, I am giving you this instruction in keeping with the prophecies s previously made about you, so that by them you may strongly engage in battle, 19 having faith t and a good conscience. u Some v have rejected these and have suffered the shipwreck of their faith. 20 Hymenaeus w and Alexander x are among them, and I have delivered them to Satan, y so that they may be taught not to blaspheme.


The Hunter College Senate, chartered in 1970, is the principal governance body of the College that holds a charter with the Board of Trustees. It has authority to determine College policy on all matters not reserved by the New York State Education Law or the Bylaws of the Board of Trustees for the President of Hunter College. Curriculum and related education matters; academic requirements and standards of academic standing; development, review and planning of facilities, staff and fiscal requirements; evaluation of teaching, and safeguarding the academic freedom of all members of the Hunter College community are under its jurisdiction. The Senate Comprises 202 elected members from among the faculty and students, and members of the administration appointed by the President. It elects a chair, a vice-chair, secretary and chair of the Evening Council who form the Administrative Committee. Click HERE for the Hunter College Senate Membership.
Please read The Foundation of the Hunter College Senate by Richard Stapleford HERE.