text:
Top 10 Seductive Perfumes For Women That Will Make You Irresistible To Your Man
Автор: pattiharriet116 В free cam to cam chat
May 27th, 1984- Near Plant City Florida — Hillsborough County Sheriffs Officers respond to a call from a construction worker that a female body had been found. Whether it's because they actually commit more of this type crime or are not as skilled at getting away with it as their female counterparts, Https://freecamtocamchat.com we may never know. The problem we have though is the fact that socioty deems it wrong so it tears her up inside and fears reprocutions of getting caught. The business world of today has proved this senario of stereotyping incorrect, for many women are taking active roles in the business world and some men have become more engaged in the nurturing roles of the family. The money i was told cannot go halfway in bringing my business back free cam to cam chat life. She was our sister, we did the best we could back then, we just didn't know. Josh and Sarah decided it would be best for Sarah to stay there until Rachel gave up and Sarah sent a text to her parents telling them she would be late.
Sarah Ludemann was dead, all because she loved a pathetic punk. I'm finding it very difficult to be sympathetic toward Ludemann. Not only that, but Ludemann and her friends rushed Rachel with the intent to jump her and cause bodily harm. On April 14, 2009, Sarah Ludemann spent most of her day upset because she found out Josh was again seeing Rachel. Joshua made her feel so special, Sarah told her parents as much when they questioned her love for a boy who obviously loved no one but himself and dated gullible girls from all over hell and half of Georgia. I then saw her bawl and breakdown to me about her problems in life, how she feels so much like a woman inside and wants to be with a man. Her clothing scattered around the area, the girl had been raped and then strangled before being shot in the back of the head. I remember someone saying that on TV a couple of years back so I thought it must be true.
In the meantime, Roger attended his wife funeral and shocked several in attendance with his attire: a red, white, and blue leather jacket with an eagle spread across the back. Spouses are always a prime suspect at the beginning of an investigation, and it didn't take investigators long to learn about the young girlfriend; making Roger an even more likely candidate to be accused. The first young lady looked at me and immediately turned to her friends and said, «He's wearing high heels!» They all turned around and looked down. Some are considered cross dressers but others feel closer with their wives or girlfriends by wearing their high heels. Sarah had never had a boyfriend before so when she met Joshua at 16, she fell head over heels in love. Josh rushed to the Ludemann's home and told them Sarah had been stabbed and her father rushed to the scene.
Sarah told them she was finishing up a game instead of worrying them with the truth about Rachel's obsessive behavior. When Carol told them he was not home, Len asked to use the restroom before departing. The «Bottom Line» equals poor low grade ingredients, ingredients made in China, and the use of genetically engineered ingredients such as GMO (Genetically Modified Organisms) corn, wheat, soy, & sugar beet to name a few. The only thing one can do to escape this «force feeding» of progressivism down the throats of our children is to pay $7500 a year or more for private school or homeschool-not attractive options for many people who are not wealthy and who fully understand that their tax dollars are being confiscated to support the subversive public schools whether they pull their own children out or not. No, she is not exposed to my «cross dressing», but after reading your hub, I question if that's the right thing free cam to cam chat keep a secret from someone so close to me.


Just a few pics from today's trip up to a Gold Mine in Wales.
One of two of the most northerly mines within the Merioneth gold-mining area, being isolated some 6 miles further north of the next most northerly group of mines, which includes the well-known Gwynfnydd Mine.
The mine was first referred to in 1895. The mine worked sporadically till 1935. It was said to have produced pockets of gold that were evidently very rich. In 1935 the gold for Princess Marina's wedding ring, and subsequent royal rings, was made from a bar of gold produced jointly from gold from this mine together with gold from Marina Mine and the mid-wales mine, Roman Deep at Dolaucothi.
This mine recorded an output of 123 tons of gold ore from which 278 ounces of gold was extracted, the majority beween 1911-12.
That's a gorgeous looking place. This one's been on my list for a while.
Dont go there Jim , yeh i know we couldnt find it !! now we know we can drive into it..
don't forget the other gold one !!
You've not seen the new exploring bus Pace, we can drive pretty much anywhere we want now.
Looks well worth the trip, Ive always loved the pics of the flooded shafts from this one.
Great report & pics, looks a great mooch that one.


AB 2842 is scheduled for its first hearing on March 19, 2018.
Get used to hearing about AB 2842. On February 16, 2018, this bill was introduced in the California legislature.
This bill would require GO-Biz [aka the Governor's Office of Business and Economic Development] to work with state academic institutions and certification organizations to perform additional product testing that accelerates the development, use, or commercialization of new wood products, as provided.
This bill would require the [California Building Standards Commission] to work with local planning offices, developers, and architects to consider the feasibility of expanding the use of wood and mass timber in California buildings. The bill would require the commission to identify additional seismic, fire, or other testing of mass timber that is necessary for the use of mass timber in building construction.
This bill would require the [Department of Forestry and Fire Protection] to develop the California Wood Innovations Small Grants Program to provide grants and low-interest loans or loan guarantees, upon appropriation by the Legislature for these purposes [purposes such as employment in rural and urban areas and economic development for rural communities], to entities that expand the use of wood products and increase in-state wood product processing and manufacturing, as provided.
This bill would appropriate $20,000,000 to the Governor's Office of Business and Economic Development for purposes of providing grants, loans, and loan guarantees for projects that add mobile or stationary sawmill capacity for the in-state processing and production of wood products from forest and vegetation management projects that are intended to reduce the risk and intensity of wildfires.
The bill's author (Assembly Member Bigelow) and coauthors (Assembly Members Gallagher and Mathis) represent Republican districts in northern and central California in which agriculture and/or forestry are prominent industries.
We are rallying the troops to combat this measure. Washington and Oregon states have been down this road, and we are working with the masonry experts that were involved in those efforts. Our national association, the Mason Contractors Association of America (MCAA), has already offered their voice.
AB 2842 is tentatively scheduled for its first hearing on March 19, 2018. Be prepared to lend your voice to this fight by telling your local district legislators how it stands to hurt your business opportunities and could pose public safety concerns especially in the area of fire protection.
Julie Trost is the Executive Director of the Mason Contractors Association of California, Inc.


text:
Procedures/formalities
The Consell
New technologies and Communication
Urbanism & territory, Tourism and Economic activities
Urbanism and Territory planning
Infrastructures and services
Tourism planning and Economic activities
Agriculture, Livestock, Fishing & Hunting
Handicraft, trade and markets
Culture and Historical Heritage
Newspaper library
Areas Urbanism & territory, Tourism and Economic activities Tourism planning and Economic activities Formentera offers visitors 24-hour FAQ service via WhatsApp
Formentera offers visitors 24-hour FAQ service via WhatsApp
The Formentera Office of Tourism is pleased to announce that the WhatsApp-driven information service it offers to visitors in seven languages is now available 24 hours a day. Previously, this service was only available during office hours, but now, thanks to a computerised system of frequently asked questions, information can be provided 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Individuals who wish to be attended by a person may contact the service Monday to Friday 8.00am to 3.00pm (except holidays).
Alejandra Ferrer, vice-president and councillor of tourism, said, "This is the 21st century, and we are committed to these communication tools that are so widespread among the population". She explained, "The goal is to reach and serve as many visitors as possible and offer them information that makes their stay on the island more satisfactory. It also means we can publicise year-round activities that don't revolve around the sun and the beach".
The service can be reached at 607 111 716, and further information can be found on the Consell de Formentera website and at tourist information points. Today, five years after Formentera unveiled its free WhatsApp-powered questions hotline, a wide array of information is available, including details on cultural events, the opening hours of heritage sites, conditions at beaches and more. The service is offered in Catalan, Spanish, English, French, Italian, German and Dutch. Telephone calls are not answered.
Consell de Formentera
Tourism planning
Tourism promotion
Brochures and maps
Baròmetres turístics
Observatori de Dades
07860 Sant Francesc
turisme@formentera.es
Urbanism and territory, Tourism and Economic activities
Language advirory service
Procedures and formalities
Phones and information of interest

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Thymus alatauensis — вид рослин родини глухокропивові (Lamiaceae), поширений у Казахстані, Алтаї, Західному Сибіру.

Поширення
Поширений у Казахстані, Алтаї, Західному Сибіру.

Населяє гори Південного Сибіру, нижній гірський пояс, росте на скелях, іноді на піску в борах.

Джерела

alatauensis
Флора Росії
Флора Казахстану
Рослини, описані 1954

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: how to use JPQL query to count values from a table & combine with an other table related data? I have two tables X and Y. In Table X (Oracle sql), an unique column(primary key) code along other columns in X table.. code column  may have some records in table Y which have column code_id. I want to get count of rows in table Y for code with code and other columns in table Y
and I have springboot entity called Entity I want to map results to using jpql so I want the query in JPQL:
public class Entity  {

    private int id;
    private char code;
    private String name;
//   constructor & setters / getters
}

and Y table have entity Counter
public class Counter {
        private int codeid;
       }

I want to use jpql query equivalent to this Oracle sql query
select x.*,
  (select count(*) from Y y where x.code = y.code_id) as theCount
from X x  ORDER BY theCount desc , x.name asc ;

Example:
Code "A" has 3 entries, Code "B" has 2 entries and code "C" has 0 entries in table Y.
 code   name    count
    A     name1    3
    B     name2    2
    C     name3    0

A: I did some assumptions because I miss your project code. Hope my example will fit your needs. It is not the same SQL but it is still just 1 statement producing the same type of output.
Primary entity Code having collection of Counters:
@Data
@Entity
public class Code {
    @Id
    private Integer id;
    private String code;
    private String name;
    @OneToMany
    @JoinColumn(name = "CODE_ID")
    private List<Counter> counterList;
}

@Data
@Entity
public class Counter {
    @Id
    private Integer id;
}

Spring Data repository:
public interface CodeRepository extends JpaRepository<Code, Integer> {
    @Query("select c.code, c.name, count(l) as amount from Code c join c.counterList l group by c.code, c.name")
    List<Object[]> getSummary();
}

It returns:
A, TESTNAME1, 3
B, TESTNAME2, 2

In case following is inserted into database:
INSERT INTO CODE (ID, CODE, NAME) VALUES (1, 'A', 'TESTNAME1');
INSERT INTO COUNTER (ID, CODE_ID) VALUES (123,1);
INSERT INTO COUNTER (ID, CODE_ID) VALUES (124,1);
INSERT INTO COUNTER (ID, CODE_ID) VALUES (125,1);

INSERT INTO CODE (ID, CODE, NAME) VALUES (2, 'B', 'TESTNAME2');
INSERT INTO COUNTER (ID, CODE_ID) VALUES (234,2);
INSERT INTO COUNTER (ID, CODE_ID) VALUES (235,2);

This is how the result is produced:
codeRepository.getSummary()
    .forEach(sum -> System.out.println(sum[0] + ", " + sum[1] + ", " + sum[2]));

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package com.amazonaws.services.simplesystemsmanagement.model.transform;

import javax.annotation.Generated;

import com.amazonaws.SdkClientException;
import com.amazonaws.Request;

import com.amazonaws.http.HttpMethodName;
import com.amazonaws.services.simplesystemsmanagement.model.*;
import com.amazonaws.transform.Marshaller;

import com.amazonaws.protocol.*;
import com.amazonaws.protocol.Protocol;
import com.amazonaws.annotation.SdkInternalApi;

/**
 * GetDefaultPatchBaselineRequest Marshaller
 */
@Generated("com.amazonaws:aws-java-sdk-code-generator")
@SdkInternalApi
public class GetDefaultPatchBaselineRequestProtocolMarshaller implements Marshaller<Request<GetDefaultPatchBaselineRequest>, GetDefaultPatchBaselineRequest> {

    private static final OperationInfo SDK_OPERATION_BINDING = OperationInfo.builder().protocol(Protocol.AWS_JSON).requestUri("/")
            .httpMethodName(HttpMethodName.POST).hasExplicitPayloadMember(false).hasPayloadMembers(true)
            .operationIdentifier("AmazonSSM.GetDefaultPatchBaseline").serviceName("AWSSimpleSystemsManagement").build();

    private final com.amazonaws.protocol.json.SdkJsonProtocolFactory protocolFactory;

    public GetDefaultPatchBaselineRequestProtocolMarshaller(com.amazonaws.protocol.json.SdkJsonProtocolFactory protocolFactory) {
        this.protocolFactory = protocolFactory;
    }

    public Request<GetDefaultPatchBaselineRequest> marshall(GetDefaultPatchBaselineRequest getDefaultPatchBaselineRequest) {

        if (getDefaultPatchBaselineRequest == null) {
            throw new SdkClientException("Invalid argument passed to marshall(...)");
        }

        try {
            final ProtocolRequestMarshaller<GetDefaultPatchBaselineRequest> protocolMarshaller = protocolFactory.createProtocolMarshaller(
                    SDK_OPERATION_BINDING, getDefaultPatchBaselineRequest);

            protocolMarshaller.startMarshalling();
            GetDefaultPatchBaselineRequestMarshaller.getInstance().marshall(getDefaultPatchBaselineRequest, protocolMarshaller);
            return protocolMarshaller.finishMarshalling();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new SdkClientException("Unable to marshall request to JSON: " + e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
'use strict';

angular.module('sproutStudyApp')
.factory('practiceService', function ($http, networkService) {

	return {
        getPractices: function () {
            return $http.get(networkService.generateUrl("getPractices")).then(function (response) {
                return response.data;
            });
        },
        getPracticesCallback: function (callback) {
            return $http.get(networkService.generateUrl("getPractices")).then(function (response) {
                callback(response.data);
            });
        }
	};
});


text:
---
layout: post
title: "java实现pdf文件转tiff图片"
description: "本文提供了pdf文件转为tiff图片的实现"
tags: [java工具类,tiff图片]
categories: java
---

* TOC
{:toc}

### 概述
基于Java,将pdf转成单一的tiff文件。

### MAVEN依赖
以下是依赖在maven中心仓库中可以找到

```markdown
<groupId>com.sun.media</groupId>
    <artifactId>jai_codec</artifactId>
    <version>1.1-mr</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.media</groupId>
    <artifactId>jai_core</artifactId>
    <version>1.1-mr</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.sun.medialib</groupId>
    <artifactId>mlibwrapper_jar</artifactId>
    <version>1.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.pdfbox</groupId>
    <artifactId>pdfbox</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.0-RC2</version>
</dependency>
```

### 实现

#### 类图

![https和http](/blog/images/posts_imgs/201605210101.jpg)

#### 类属性和方法简介

- Pdf2TiffConstant

IMG_FORMAT :默认的图片格式

DPI :默认的转换精度

- Pdf2TiffUtil

public static pdf2Tiff (is: InputStream, os: OutputStream): void

将指定的pdf转成单一tiff文件,写到指定的输出流。参数is提供pdf文档的内容,参数os指定输出流。

### 代码

- Pdf2TiffConstant

```java
package cn.ljl.javaweb.demo.pdf2tiff;
public class Pdf2TiffConstant {
    /** 图片格式 */
    public static final String IMG_FORMAT = "tiff";
    /** 打印精度设置 */
    public static final int DPI = 160; //图片的像素
}
```

- Pdf2TiffUtil

```java
import static cn.ljl.javaweb.demo.pdf2tiff.Pdf2TiffConstant.DPI;
import static cn.ljl.javaweb.demo.pdf2tiff.Pdf2TiffConstant.IMG_FORMAT;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.media.jai.JAI;
import javax.media.jai.PlanarImage;
import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
import org.apache.pdfbox.rendering.ImageType;
import org.apache.pdfbox.rendering.PDFRenderer;
import com.sun.media.jai.codec.ImageCodec;
import com.sun.media.jai.codec.ImageEncoder;
import com.sun.media.jai.codec.TIFFEncodeParam;

public class Pdf2TiffUtil {
    /**
     * 从输入流读取pdf,转化为tiff后写入输出流.<br/>
     * 参考列表:
     * <ol>
     * <li><a href=
     * "http://www.coderanch.com/t/497492/java/java/Convert-PDF-files-Tiff-files"
     * >Convert PDF files to Tiff files</a></li>
     * <li><a href=
     * "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/java/javaee/downloads/readme-1-1-2-137176.html"
     * >Java(TM) Advanced Imaging API README</a></li>
     * </ol>
     *
     * @param is
     *            输入流,提供pfg内容.
     * @param os
     *            输出流.
     */
    public static void pdf2Tiff(InputStream is, OutputStream os) {
        PDDocument doc = null;
        try {
            doc = PDDocument.load(is);
            int pageCount = doc.getNumberOfPages();
            PDFRenderer renderer = new PDFRenderer(doc); // 根据PDDocument对象创建pdf渲染器

            List<PlanarImage> piList = new ArrayList<PlanarImage>(pageCount - 1);
            for (int i = 0 + 1; i < pageCount; i++) {
                BufferedImage image = renderer.renderImageWithDPI(i, DPI,
                        ImageType.RGB);
                PlanarImage pimg = JAI.create("mosaic", image);
                piList.add(pimg);
            }

            TIFFEncodeParam param = new TIFFEncodeParam();// 创建tiff编码参数类
            param.setCompression(TIFFEncodeParam.COMPRESSION_DEFLATE);// 压缩参数
            param.setExtraImages(piList.iterator());// 设置图片的迭代器

            BufferedImage fimg = renderer.renderImageWithDPI(0, DPI,
                    ImageType.RGB);
            PlanarImage fpi = JAI.create("mosaic", fimg); // 通过JAI的create()方法实例化jai的图片对象

            ImageEncoder enc = ImageCodec.createImageEncoder(IMG_FORMAT, os,
                    param);
            enc.encode(fpi);// 指定第一个进行编码的jai图片对象,并将输出写入到与此
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (doc != null)
                    doc.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}
```

### 参考索引
1.  [Convert PDF files to Tiff files](http://www.coderanch.com/t/497492/java/java/Convert-PDF-files-Tiff-files)

2.  [Java(TM) Advanced Imaging API README](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/java/javaee/downloads/readme-1-1-2-137176.html)


text:
package org.camunda.bpm.model.bpmn.instance.camunda;

import org.camunda.bpm.model.bpmn.instance.BpmnModelElementInstance;

/**
 * A helper interface for camunda extension elements which
 * hold a generic child element like camunda:inputParameter,
 * camunda:outputParameter and camunda:entry.
 *
 * @author Sebastian Menski
 */
public interface CamundaGenericValueElement {

  <T extends BpmnModelElementInstance> T getValue();

  void removeValue();

  <T extends BpmnModelElementInstance> void setValue(T value);

}


The reverse DNS record is also known as the PTR record, pointer record or IP resolver. A PTR is a reverse record for an IP address which allows an IP to map to a domain and vice versa. That means you can make hostgator.com point to 10.0.0.1 and make a PTR record so that 10.0.0.1, if checked, would tell you that it belongs to hostgator.com. It lets the receiver of your emails check for possible spoof emails which will be treated as spam. Without this record, the receiver must rely on guessing if your email might be spam.
Generally, when you have a PTR record, your emails have a better chance to deliver to the recipient's inbox instead of the spam folder.
When the sending server, for instance a VPS, tacocat.hostgator.com, sends an email to Gmail, from the address random@somedomain.com, it will connect to the Gmail server and tell it ,"Hello, I'm tacocat.exampledomain.com."
Gmail then has the option to either say "What email do you have for me?" or "Let me look into this..."
If it's the latter, Gmail will pull an rDNS record on the IP that tacocat.exampledomain.com is connecting from. It does NOT check the domain somedomain.com; that would only occur for reverse user checking which has nothing to do with rDNS records (or if the admin of the mailserver felt especially evil).
If the rDNS record comes up as tacocat.exampledomain.com, then Gmail will be happy.
In some cases, if the rDNS comes up as somedomain.com and somedomain.com points to that IP address, some email servers will accept that since the mail server IP is able to map back to itself even if its hostname claim does not match. Do not rely on the external mail server being that smart though.
Times when this is not true is when exim is configured to send from other IPs dependent on its hostname; this can be seen by checking /etc/mailips. Most clients do not have this and do not need it.
How Do I Add a PTR Record for My HostGator Account?
HostGator has already set up PTR records for shared and reseller servers by default.
We can create a PTR record on your domains at your request. Simply contact us via phone or Live Chat with the domain name.


TECH-G is an FDA approved high strength PETG filament designed specifically by Taulman3D for design engineering and architectural use.
TECH-G is the highest strength PETG for standard PETG polymers. TECH-G was developed for large prints that require low shrinkage over a wide surface area.
TECH-G has an amazing tensile strength of 5900 PSI with a limited elongation of 3% when 3D printed.
PETG (polyethylene terephthalate) is an exciting filament gaining popularity for its low melting temperature combined with high strength and flexibility. In short, it combines the ease of printing PLA with a functionality and strength that rivals ABS. Taulman's TECH-G was designed specifically for design engineering and architectural use, and offers even higher strength than other PETG filaments while providing limited elongation.
Print speed = ABS speeds, slower for high detail prints.
Print bed = Glass heated to 45C with coat of PVA. Can be printed without a heated bed on a sheet of BuildTak with a coat of PVA.
NOTE: It is best "NOT" to let the bed cool to ambient, but only down to 35C in end of g-code. This will reduce glass breakage.
It thought it could compare to Nylon 910 in strength but its more brittle. Prints great and good looking, nice transparency.


text:
Q: Can a Linux distro be closed source? According to the GPL licence, which is the one used by the Linux kernel, every modification in the source must be open source too. But, for example, if I create a new OS based on Linux, I develop my own Desktop system and all that stuff, but I don't make any modification to the kernel, does my project need to be open source just by using Linux?
I hope this is the right site to post this.

A: Here's the preamble to COPYING, included with the kernel source:

NOTE! This copyright does not cover user programs that use kernel
  services by normal system calls - this is merely considered normal use
  of the kernel, and does not fall under the heading of "derived
  work".  [...] note that the only valid version of the GPL as far as
  the kernel  is concerned is this particular version of the license
  (ie v2, not  v2.2 or v3.x or whatever), unless explicitly otherwise
  stated.
Linus Torvalds

So, if you want to create your own operating system userland from the ground up, then you can license that part however you like.  You can then distribute the whole thing together, and the kernel will be licensed as the kernel is and your userland pieces licensed the way they are.  This is not uncommon, since various proprietary systems use the linux kernel (although they would often include other open source pieces too, I think).
What you cannot do is distribute the whole thing together claiming your license applies to the included kernel (unless your license is GPL compatible).


When is it best to treat back pain at home?
Back pain is a problem that most of us suffer from at one point or the other in our life. It can occur due to an injury where you may have bent the wrong way or lifted something heavy or from a degenerative condition like arthritis. When the condition you are suffering from is serious and it starts effecting your legs and shoulders as well then you must see a doctor. However, for mild and routine back pain problems, some simple home back pain treatment or remedies are enough to provide your relief.
Heat/cold therapy – An ice pack is best to bring down inflammation in the first 24 to 48 hours of the injury. Ice helps in bringing down swelling which in turn also relieve pain. Heat does help in relieving pain but long term use can increase the inflammation.
Stretching your back – If you are in the habit of slumping all day then change it. Get up after every 20 minutes and stretch your back. People usually find relief from back pain from regular stretching and yoga.
Keep your body and back active – Our back is just like any other part of our body and is meant to be in action. Don't be stagnant- it will only aggravate your problem. Walk, take up aerobic activities like swimming, bicycling or strengthening exercises.
Looking for the best treatment plan for your back pain ? Let us help you make the right decision for your spine by filling the form given above or by giving us a call at (888) 779-8716 today.


text:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>react-polymer demo</title>

<link rel="import" href="../bower_components/paper-input/paper-input.html">
<link rel="import" href="../bower_components/iron-input/iron-input.html">
<link rel="import" href="../bower_components/paper-input/paper-textarea.html">
<link rel="import" href="../bower_components/iron-autogrow-textarea/iron-autogrow-textarea.html">
<link rel="import" href="../bower_components/paper-slider/paper-slider.html">
<link rel="import" href="../bower_components/paper-checkbox/paper-checkbox.html">
<link rel="import" href="../bower_components/paper-toggle-button/paper-toggle-button.html">
<link rel="import" href="../bower_components/paper-radio-button/paper-radio-button.html">
<link rel="import" href="../bower_components/paper-radio-group/paper-radio-group.html">
<link rel="import" href="../bower_components/iron-selector/iron-selector.html">
<link rel="import" href="../bower_components/paper-dropdown-menu/paper-dropdown-menu.html">
<link rel="import" href="../bower_components/paper-item/paper-item.html">
<link rel="import" href="../bower_components/paper-tabs/paper-tabs.html">
<link rel="import" href="../bower_components/paper-listbox/paper-listbox.html">
<link rel="import" href="../bower_components/paper-swatch-picker/paper-swatch-picker.html">
<link rel="import" href="../bower_components/neon-animation/web-animations.html">


Kevin Krason is an Internet guy. Ever since Al Gore paved the way for the 'super-highway,' he's been a fan. The perfect blend of technology and information made way for a smarter, faster, more connected world.
In the early 90s he founded Biznet as an Internet Service Provider (ISP) and, in 2001, he was fascinated by online marketing. He learned everything he could about the early search engines and the new player, Google.
Today, he's passionate about Marketing Automation technologies and enjoys working with companies from start-up to enterprise by providing the knowledge and talent necessary to design, build and manage a technology and data-driven marketing process that optimizes their marketing efforts to a finely-tuned science. He continues to share his passion for social science and economic development by teaching others how to develop a perpetual lead generation and management machine.


text:
Research
This research project involved volunteer groups led by mentors in six regional locations within the UK. The mentors provided local research guidance but members of the steering committee of the Workhouse Network also provided advice on specific aspects of research.
Although each group was autonomous, undertaking research within their regions, it was also important that the project generated meaningful results that were shared across the Network, leading to the development of the digital exhibition, More Than Oliver Twist.
Research aims
The research in each location took as its starting point the residents of the workhouse on census night in 1881. Volunteer researchers reconstructed the lives of each individual, working backwards and forwards in time to build up a picture of the lives of the poor. It is well known that the majority of paupers in the nineteenth century were not resident in workhouses, and at any one time more than 90% of paupers were in receipt of "outdoor" relief i.e. relief received in their own homes. Moreover, of those paupers who did enter the workhouse, the majority stayed for only a few weeks, although some did stay for considerably longer.
This lead to some important research questions: who were the paupers who were resident in the workhouse? Why were they there? What did they do before and after their time in the workhouse?
It seems odd that historians do not know more about the dynamics of pauper lives. We know a lot about welfare policy, central and local administration, workhouse scandals and the treatment of paupers resident in workhouses, but generally we know very little about outdoor relief, and even less about how episodes of indoor relief came about and how they fitted with the rest of the lives of the poor.
This research, then, aimed to provide the longer-term context of pauper lives. They emerged as people, and not just as paupers: widows, deserted women and unmarried mothers were not necessarily in a permanent condition, and many were found to have lived more affluent lives for many years before they found themselves as workhouse residents. Some were born into poverty, as illegitimate children, or orphaned at a young age, spending large parts of their lives in institutions. Some of the women escaped abusive and violent relationships, some were abusive and violent themselves.
Children, the elderly and unmarried mothers dominated the workhouse populations we studied, but able bodied men of working age were also found in the workhouses. Some were temporarily incapacitated through illness or injury, some were long-term residents and others were part of a semi-criminal underclass who spent large parts of their lives moving between workhouses and prisons. A few were alcoholics and many suffered from mental illness. Very few were lazy and feckless. Many were simply unable to find work due to an economic downturn, technological redundancy and an over supply of cheap labour.
The project has shown that workhouse populations on census night 1881 were diverse; groups of strangers drawn from large areas with the temporarily incapacitated "respectable poor" mixed together with the feckless alcoholic and long term inmates with severe mental health difficulties.
Research process - overview
We were very fortunate to have a very diverse range of sources at our disposal to investigate the lives of the poor - the poor and the criminal are amongst the best documented of all people in the nineteenth century. However, archival materials were not uniformly available with only a very small number of Poor Law Unions in England and Wales having anything near a full set of records.
With this in mind, the research commenced with some basic family history research. Starting with the workhouse population on census night, 1881, researchers then worked through census returns 1841-1911 to reconstruct a broad outline of the lives of the poor. This basic framework was nothing more than a skeleton, and further detail was then added using additional sources, Family historians had access to birth, marriage and death certificates and parish registers, which helprf fill in some of the gaps between census years. However, beyond that each regional group was dependent upon the availability and accessibility of sources available in local, regional and national archives, as well as online resources.
Poor Law Union Records
There are several key sources of information available within Poor Law Unions:
Admission and discharge registers record details of individuals when they entered and left the workhouse
Outdoor relief lists (not common) record details of individuals in receipt of outdoor relief
Guardians Minute Books record the details of the Guardians' meetings, including occasional comments on individual paupers but also details of correspondence with the central authorities (Poor Law Commission, Poor Law Board, Local Government Board), the condition of the workhouse, the number of paupers receiving indoor and outdoor relief, and internal political in-fighting within the Guardians.
Workhouse punishment book records details of punishments meted out to paupers within the workhouse.
Workhouse birth and death registers
Records at The National Archives, Kew
The National Archives is the official archive of the UK government and hold a very large quantity of Poor Law records. The following are the main series of records that were used within this project:
Poor Law Union Correspondence (MH12). This is the main series of correspondence between individual poor law unions and the central authorities. In total there are thousands of volumes detailing every aspect of nineteenth-century welfare. Some Unions have complete runs, others have gaps, and some have no records at all. A digitisation project has led to online access for records from the following unions: Axminster, Basford, Berwick, Bishops Stortford, Blything, Bromsgrove, Cardiff, Clutton, Keighley, Kidderminster, Liverpool Select Vestry, Llanfyllin, Manchester, Mansfield, Mitford and Launditch, Newcastle under Lyme, Newport Pagnell, Reeth, Rye, Southampton Incorporation, Southwell, Truro,, Tynemouth, Wolstanton and Burslem.
Workhouse staff registers (MH9).
Records of the Assistant Commissioners or Poor Law Inspectors (MH32). Assistant Commissioners and Poor Law Inspectors were appointed by the central authorities to oversee the implementation of the Poor Law. The country was divided into broad regions with each assistant/inspector having responsibility for several Poor Law Unions. They submitted frequent reports to the central authorities, attended Guardians' meetings, visited workhouses, and investigated when there were problems requiring scrutiny.
For further information on records held by the National Archives, click here
There are a large number of reliable online sources available. However, there are two main sources of information that are available nationally:
Parliamentary Papers Parliamentary papers are an underused source for local and family historians, largely due to their relative inaccessibility and the sheer volume of material available. Researchers in Universities and other educational/research organisations have access to a full digitised version of Parliamentary Papers which runs to tens of thousands of volumes and millions of pages of information. These include Hansard parliamentary debates, Royal Commission reports, Select Committee reports, parliamentary enquiries and statistical summaries. The statistical summaries allow the researcher to easily produce a time series of the number and category of pauper in receipt of indoor and outdoor relief in any Poor Law Union, which can provide useful information on the balance between the two. The fluctuations in the numbers of paupers can also serve as a proxy for the general economic conditions in the Union. Other reports frequently interview local witnesses, or investigate issues, often focused on single unions and even individual paupers. They also report on conditions inside workhouses.
Newspapers and periodicals There are now many nineteenth century newspapers and periodicals that are fully digitised, including local, regional and national titles as well as special interest publications. Some local libraries subscribe to these services, although local archives also often have local newspapers available on microfiche. The benefit of digital access is that you can undertake keyword searches - even for individual names - which in some instances can allow you to build up considerable detail into the lives of the poor, especially those that also find themselves in front of the local magistrate or police court.
As the availability of source material is not consistent across the country it was not possible for each group to research individuals to the same level of detail. Moreover, even within a well-documented Poor Law Union some individual paupers, and even groups of paupers, are much better documented than others.
However, there were some key objectives for the collective project:
A digital exhibition focusing on the diverse lives of the poor: More Than Oliver Twist
An online database with further details and full pauper biographies: Workhouse Network eHive database
It is hoped that volunteers from the project will be willing to collaborate with researchers in the future to produce academic research papers.
"Neither the life of an individual nor the history of a society can be understood without understanding both…"
C. Wright Mills, The Sociological Imagination, 1959
#WorkhouseNetwork #MoreThanOliverTwist


A unique concept cafe chain conceptualized by a group of professionals and environmentalists devoted to protect and enrich our natural wealth, their products are eco-friendly, natural and confirm to world's best quality standards. One can find a variety of honey based products ranging from food, body care to therapeutics, all under one roof. With stylish interiors, the store presents maximum comfort for all - young or old, family or friends. They are a shining beacon in today's health conscious society. A place where food is what it's supposed to be - delicious and healthy.


A corporation is a legal entity having existence separate and distinct from its owners (i.e., stockholders). Corporations are artificial beings existing only in contemplation of law. A corporation is typically created when one or more individuals file "articles of incorporation" with a Secretary of State in a particular jurisdiction. The articles of incorporation generally specify a number of important features about the purpose of the entity and how governance will be structured.
After reviewing the articles of incorporation, the Secretary of State will issue a charter (or certificate of incorporation) authorizing the corporate entity. The persons who initiated the filing (the "incorporators") will then collect the shareholders' initial investment in exchange for the "stock" of the corporation (the stock is the financial instrument evidencing a person's ownership interest). Once the initial stock is issued, a shareholders' meeting will be convened to adopt bylaws and elect a board of directors. These directors appoint the corporate officers who are responsible for commencing the operations of the business. In a small start-up venture, the initial incorporators may become the shareholders, then elect themselves to the board, and finally appoint themselves to become the officers. This leads one to wonder why go to all the trouble of incorporating?
Corporate stock has the benefit of transferability of ownership. It is easily transferable from one person to another. Transferability provides liquidity to stockholders as it enables them to quickly enter or exit an ownership position in a corporate entity. As a corporation grows, it may bring in additional shareholders by issuing even more stock. At some point, the entity may become sufficiently large that its shares will become "listed" on a stock exchange.
An "IPO" is the initial public offering of the stock of a corporation. Rules require that such IPOs be accompanied by regulatory registrations and filings, and that potential shareholders be furnished with a prospectus detailing corporate information. Publicly traded corporate entities are subject to a number of continuing regulatory registration and reporting requirements that are aimed at ensuring full and fair disclosure.
Another benefit of a corporation is perpetual existence. A corporate entity is typically of unlimited duration enabling it to effectively outlive its shareholders. Changes in stock ownership do not cause operations to cease. What would cause a corporation to cease to exist? At some point, a corporation may be acquired by another and merged in with the successor. Or, a corporation may fail and cease operations. Finally, some businesses may find that liquidating operating assets and distributing residual monies to the creditors and shareholders is a preferable strategy to continued operation.
Not to be overlooked in considering why a corporation is desirable is the feature of limited liability for stockholders, who normally understand that their investment can be lost if the business fails. However, stockholders are not liable for debts and losses of the company beyond the amount of their investment. There are exceptions to this rule. In some cases, shareholders may be called upon to sign a separate guarantee for corporate debt. And, shareholders in closely held companies can inadvertently be drawn into having to satisfy corporate debts when they commingle their personal finances with those of the company or fail to satisfy the necessary legal procedures to maintain a valid corporate existence. A Limited Liability Corporation (LLC) is a unique business structure allowed by state statute which may be treated as either a corporation, partnership, or individual for tax purposes and which may protect its owners (members) from some debts or actions.
Corporations are not without certain disadvantages. Most corporations are taxable entities, and their income is subject to taxation. This "income tax" is problematic as it oftentimes produces double taxation. This effect occurs when shareholders receive cash dividends that they must include in their own calculation of taxable income. Thus, a dollar earned at the corporate level is reduced by corporate income taxes; to the extent the remaining after-tax profit is distributed to shareholders as dividends, it is again subject to taxes at the shareholder level. So, a large portion of the profits of a dividend-paying corporation are apt to be shared with governmental entities.
Governments are aware that this double-taxation outcome can limit corporate investment and be potentially damaging to an economy. Various measures of relief are sometimes available, depending on the prevailing political climate (including "dividends received deductions" for dividends paid between affiliated companies, lower shareholder tax rates on dividends, and S-Corporation provisions that permit closely held corporations to attribute their income to the shareholders thereby avoiding one level of tax). Some countries adopt "tax holidays" that permit newer companies to be exempt from income taxes, or utilize different approaches to taxing the value additive components of production by an entity.
Another burden on the corporate form of organization is costly regulation. In the U.S., larger (usually public) companies are under scrutiny of federal (The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and other public oversight groups) and state regulatory bodies. History shows that the absence or failure of these regulators will quickly foster an environment where rogue business persons will launch all manner of stock fraud schemes. These frauds can quickly corrupt public confidence without which investors become unwilling to join together to invest in new ideas and products.
It seems almost unavoidable that governmental regulation must be a part of the corporate scene. However, the cost of compliance with such regulation is high. Public companies must prepare and file quarterly and annual reports with the SEC, along with a myriad of other documents. Many of these documents must be certified or subjected to independent audit. Further, requirements are in place that require companies to have strong internal controls and even ethical training.
Define the essence of the corporate form of entity.
Describe the process by which a corporation is formed, and how business operations commence.
Cite and explain the advantages of the corporate form of organization.
Cite and explain the disadvantages of the corporate form of organization.
Generally describe the regulatory environment for issuing stock to the public.


text:
Home Live Blog Archive Febuary 15th
Live Blog Archive
Febuary 15th
The Rude Pundit calls in at 9:30am EST / 6:30am PST.
Eric Boehlert of Media Matters for America calls in at 10am EST / 7am PST.
SiriusXM Insight 121 host Dean Obeidallah calls in at 10:30am ET / 7:30am PT
Comedian Bob Perlow calls in promoting his book, THE WARMUP GUY at 10:45 am EST / 7:45 PST.
Comedian, Monique Marvez joins us in the Los Angeles Bureau for "Mondays with Monique" at 11:00am EST / 8:00am PST.
Highlights From The GOP Debate In South Carolina-Six Republican presidential candidates took to the debate stage Saturday night in Greenville, South Carolina, and it was anything but boring.
Mitch McConnell Voted To Confirm A Supreme Court Justice In Reagan's Final Year- Barely an hour after the news broke Saturday of the death of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) made it clear that he has no intention of letting President Barack Obama replace the conservative icon.
Antonin Scalia Died Of A Heart Attack: Report-Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia died Saturday of a heart attack, a West Texas television station reported Sunday.
Sean Comiskey
SMHH VideoCast F 1-27-23 with Joyce White Vance & John Fugelsang
SMHH VideoCast with Cliff Schecter – 1-13-23
SM Happy Hour VideoCast 03-25-22 Phillip from Ukraine & AG from Mueller She Wrote


2pcs V flying frames (Z5380.000.) in flightcase.
The V8 is a 3-way passive design housing 2 x 10" LF drivers, one hornloaded 8" MF driver and two 1.4" exit HF compression drivers with 2.5" voicecoils mounted to a dedicated waveshaping device. The symmetrical dipolar arrangement of the neodymium LF drivers around the centrally mounted coaxial MF and HF components allows a smooth overlap of the adjacent frequency bands in the crossover design. This results in an exceptional 80° horizontal constant directivity dispersion control nominally being maintained down to 250 Hz.
The mechanical and acoustical design enables flown vertical arrays of up to twenty four loudspeakers.It can be used in columns of purely V8 loudspeakers or combined with V12s and / or with V-SUBs.
The V8 cabinet is constructed from marine plywood and has an impact and weather protected PCP (Polyurea Cabinet Protection) finish. The front of the loudspeaker cabinet is protected by a rigid metal grill backed by an acoustically transparent foam. Each side panel incorporates a handle, while two additional recessed grips are provided at the rear bottom of the cabinet.
The V12 is a 3-way passive design housing 2 x 10" LF drivers, one hornloaded 8" MF driver and two 1.4" exit HF compression drivers with 2.5" voicecoils mounted to a dedicated waveshaping device. The symmetrical dipolar arrangement of the neodymium LF drivers around the centrally mounted coaxial MF and HF components allows a smooth overlap of the adjacent frequency bands in the crossover design. This results in an exceptional 120° horizontal constant directivity dispersion control nominally being maintained down to 250 Hz. The mechanical and acoustical design enables flown vertical arrays of up to twenty four loudspeakers. It can be used in columns of purely V12 loudspeakers or combined with V8s and / or with V-SUBs.
The cabinet is constructed from marine plywood and has an impact and weather protected PCP (Polyurea Cabinet Protection) finish. The front of the loudspeaker cabinet is protected by a rigid metal grill backed by an acoustically transparent foam. Each side panel incorporates a handle, while two additional recessed grips are provided at the rear bottom of the cabinet.
The V-SUB is an actively driven high performance cardioid subwoofer powered by a single amplifier channel. The V-SUB features integrated rigging equipment, and shares the same acoustical and visual design as the V-GSUB, which is intended for ground stacked applications only. It houses two long excursion neodymium drivers, an 18" driver in a bass-reflex design facing to the front and a 12" driver in a two chamber bandpass design radiating to the rear. The cardioid dispersion pattern resulting from this approach avoids unwanted energy behind the system that reduces the reverberant field at low frequencies and provides the greatest accuracy of low frequency reproduction.
d&b audiotechnik is a German loudspeakers and amplifiers manufacturer, founded in 1981, located in Backnang north of Stuttgart,although d&b is an international company with subsidiaries in Europe, America and Asia their products are engineered and produced only in Germany.
d&b loudspeakers are used in rental and installation markets for events, multimedia, musicals, concert halls, theaters , opera houses, broadcast and everything from the small conference rooms to the large scale stadiums.


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At Paul Gill, D.P.M., we believe that a doctor and patient become a team for treating an individual's feet. Dr. Gill will spend most of his time listening to understand your concerns and responding with the best treatment options for you. With the help of our staff, Dr. Gill will also follow up to make sure that generally pain is relieved, problems are resolved and your health improves.


text:
<?php
namespace Application\Controller\Account;

use Application\Doctrine\SearchHelper;
use Application\Form\IncidentFilter;
use Updashd\Model\Environment;
use Updashd\Model\Incident as IncidentEntity;
use Updashd\Model\Incident;
use Updashd\Model\Service;
use Updashd\Model\Severity;
use Updashd\Model\Zone;
use Application\Pagination\Paginator as ApplicationPaginator;
use Application\Service\ServiceInterface\AuthServiceInterface;
use Application\Service\ServiceInterface\DoctrineManagerInterface;
use Application\Service\ServiceTrait\AuthServiceTrait;
use Application\Service\ServiceTrait\DoctrineManagerTrait;
use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel;

class IncidentController extends AbstractAccountController implements DoctrineManagerInterface, AuthServiceInterface {
    use DoctrineManagerTrait;
    use AuthServiceTrait;

    use DateRangeTrait;

    public function init () {
        parent::init();

        $userTimeZone = $this->getPersonSettingService()->getPersonSetting(
            $this->getAuthService()->getPerson(),
            'timezone'
        );

        // This is implemented on the trait
        $this->initDateRange($userTimeZone, $this->getParam('range'));
    }

    public function indexAction () {
        return $this->redirectTo('list');
    }

    public function listAction () {
        $this->getLayoutService()->setTitle('Incident List');
        $this->getMenu()->setActiveId('incident-list');

        $em = $this->getEntityManager();

        $incidentFilterForm = new IncidentFilter(
            $this->getEnvironmentOptions(),
            $this->getServicesOptions(),
            $this->getZoneOptions(),
            $this->getSeverityOptions()
        );
        $incidentFilterForm->setData($this->getQueryData());

        $qb = $em->createQueryBuilder();
        $iqb = $qb->select('i, sv, ns, z, n, s, e')
            ->from(IncidentEntity::class, 'i')
            ->innerJoin('i.severity', 'sv')
            ->innerJoin('i.nodeService', 'ns')
            ->innerJoin('i.zone', 'z')
            ->innerJoin('ns.node', 'n')
            ->innerJoin('ns.service', 's')
            ->innerJoin('n.environment', 'e')
            ->groupBy('i.incidentId')
            ->addOrderBy('i.dateLastSeen')
            ->addOrderBy('i.incidentId');

        $sh = new SearchHelper($iqb);

        $sh->addWhereConditionBetween('i.dateLastSeen', $this->getStart(), $this->getEnd());

        $sh->addWhereCondition('i.account', $this->getAccount());

        $sh->addWhereCondition('e.environmentId', $incidentFilterForm->getElementValue('environment'));
        $sh->addWhereCondition('sv.severityId', $incidentFilterForm->getElementValue('severity'));
        $sh->addWhereCondition('z.zoneId', $incidentFilterForm->getElementValue('zone'));

        $sh->addWhereCondition('i.isRead', $incidentFilterForm->getElementValue('read'));
        $sh->addWhereCondition('i.isResolved', $incidentFilterForm->getElementValue('resolved'));

        $sh->addWhereCondition('n.nodeName', $incidentFilterForm->getElementValue('node_name'), true);

        $sh->addHavingCondition('s.serviceId', $incidentFilterForm->getElementValue('service'));

        $paginator = new ApplicationPaginator($sh->getQuery(), $this->getQueryData(), true);

        return new ViewModel([
            'start' => $this->getStart(),
            'end' => $this->getEnd(),
            'form' => $incidentFilterForm,
            'paginator' => $paginator
        ]);
    }

    public function detailAction () {
        $this->getLayoutService()->setTitle('Incident Detail');
        $this->getMenu()->setActiveId('incident-detail');

        $incidentId = $this->getParam('iid');

        if (! $incidentId) {
            $this->flashMessenger()->addMessage('Incident Id missing.', 'error');
            return $this->redirectTo('list');
        }

        $em = $this->getEntityManager();

        $qb = $em->createQueryBuilder();
        $iqb = $qb->select('i, ns, z, n, s, e, rs, rm')
            ->from(IncidentEntity::class, 'i')
            ->innerJoin('i.nodeService', 'ns')
            ->innerJoin('i.zone', 'z')
            ->innerJoin('ns.node', 'n')
            ->innerJoin('ns.service', 's')
            ->innerJoin('n.environment', 'e')
            ->leftJoin('i.results', 'rs')
            ->leftJoin('rs.resultMetrics', 'rm')
            ->addOrderBy('i.dateLastSeen')
            ->addOrderBy('i.incidentId');

        $iqb->where($iqb->expr()->andX(
            $iqb->expr()->eq('i.account', ':account'),
            $iqb->expr()->eq('i.incidentId', ':incidentId')
        ));

        $query = $iqb->getQuery();
        $query->setParameter('account', $this->getAccount());
        $query->setParameter('incidentId', $incidentId);

        /** @var Incident $incident */
        $incident = $query->getOneOrNullResult();

        if ($incident === null) {
            $this->flashMessenger()->addMessage('Incident not found.', 'error');
            return $this->redirectTo('list');
        }

        // Mark as read
        if (! $incident->getIsRead()) {
            $incident->setIsRead(true);
            $em->persist($incident);
            $em->flush();
        }

        return new ViewModel([
            'incident' => $incident
        ]);
    }

    protected function getServicesOptions ($includeNullOption = true) {
        $em = $this->getEntityManager();

        $eqb = $em->createQueryBuilder();
        $envQuery = $eqb->select('s')
            ->from(Service::class, 's')
            ->where($eqb->expr()->orX(
                $eqb->expr()->eq('s.account', ':account'),
                $eqb->expr()->isNull('s.account')
            ))
            ->addOrderBy('s.sortOrder')
            ->getQuery();

        $envQuery->setParameter('account', $this->getAccount());

        /** @var Service[] $services */
        $services = $envQuery->getResult();

        $options = $includeNullOption ? ['' => 'Select...'] : [];

        foreach ($services as $service) {
            $options[$service->getServiceId()] = $service->getServiceName();
        }

        return $options;
    }

    protected function getZoneOptions () {
        $em = $this->getEntityManager();

        $qb = $em->createQueryBuilder();
        $zqb = $qb->select('z')
            ->from(Zone::class, 'z')
            ->addOrderBy('z.sortOrder')
            ->where($qb->expr()->orX(
                $qb->expr()->eq('z.account', ':account'),
                $qb->expr()->isNull('z.account')
            ));

        $zoneQuery = $zqb->getQuery();
        $zoneQuery->setParameter('account', $this->getAccount());

        $options = [];
        /** @var Zone $zone */
        foreach ($zoneQuery->getResult() as $zone) {
            $options[$zone->getZoneId()] = $zone->getZoneName();
        }

        return $options;
    }

    /**
     * @param Environment[] $environments
     * @param bool $includeNullOption
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getEnvironmentOptions ($environments = null, $includeNullOption = true) {
        if (! $environments) {
            $em = $this->getEntityManager();

            $zqb = $em->createQueryBuilder();
            $zqb
                ->select('e')
                ->from(Environment::class, 'e')
                ->addOrderBy('e.sortOrder')
                ->where($zqb->expr()->eq('e.account', ':account'));

            $envQ = $zqb->getQuery();
            $envQ->setParameter('account', $this->getAccount());

            /** @var Environment[] $environments */
            $environments = $envQ->getResult();
        }

        $options = $includeNullOption ? ['' => 'Select...'] : [];

        foreach ($environments as $environment) {
            $options[$environment->getEnvironmentId()] = $environment->getEnvironmentName();
        }

        return $options;
    }

    /**
     * @param Severity[] $severities
     * @param bool $includeNullOption
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getSeverityOptions ($severities = null, $includeNullOption = true) {
        if (! $severities) {
            $em = $this->getEntityManager();

            $sqb = $em->createQueryBuilder();
            $sqb
                ->select('s')
                ->from(Severity::class, 's')
                ->addOrderBy('s.sortOrder');

            $sevQ = $sqb->getQuery();

            /** @var Severity[] $severities */
            $severities = $sevQ->getResult();
        }

        $options = $includeNullOption ? ['' => 'Select...'] : [];

        foreach ($severities as $severity) {
            $options[$severity->getSeverityId()] = $severity->getSeverityName();
        }

        return $options;
    }
}


Fort Worth to Goa is one of the busiest United States-India routes. Both Fort Worth and Goa are world-class cities having mutual interests in various niches. A fair percentage of visitors to Goa come from Fort Worth, US. The annual number of travelers from Fort Worth is expected to rise for cheap flights to Goa. You can get the best Fort Worth to Goa itinerary with cheapest flight tickets at Indian Eagle.
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text:
Balloon release brings awareness to elder abuse
By The Blount Countian Staff | on June 19, 2013
by Nicole Singleton
As Marvin Foster watched the purple and white balloons fade into the distance, he had a few words of wisdom to share. "Look how far up they've got," he said. "They just keep getting smaller and smaller and higher and higher. You know, I always stood by the motto that I would never get higher than picking corn or lower […]
911 Center awaiting winning bid to proceed
The bid for construction of the new 1,775-square-foot 911 Center will be awarded on June 28, with construction to begin soon after. Completion is expected by the end of the year, given reasonable weather and no unforeseen problems, according to 911 secretary/treasurer Brandon Horton, who has been involved in the planning process for the new facility since 2009. The 911 […]
Locust Fork man pleads guilty to sex abuse of children
Wade Andrew Underwood, Jr., 64, of Locust Fork, pled guilty to a 10-count indictment for sex crimes against children under the age of 12, Blount County District Attorney Pamela Casey announced in a press release last week. Underwood was indicted by a Blount County jury in January 2012, and pled guilty on Thursday to all counts against him including four […]
Busy in the Bay
Hayden native stationed on Coast Guard cutter
Cody Bartlett says he is a homebody and misses his hometown of Hayden every day. But as a Mobilebased member of the United States Coast Guard, he hasn't had much time to return home. Instead, he has remained busy with national newsbreaking events this year. After graduating from Hayden High School in 2010, Bartlett began college. Then, he got a […]
American Apparel facing possible shutdown
About 200 American Apparel employees at the Oneonta plant were laid off two weeks ago, according to plant manager Tom Reeves, who confirmed the layoffs as a result of The Blount Countian's inquiry yesterday. The layoffs are considered temporary for the time being, he said, though he was not optimistic about prospects for employee recall. Only six to eight employees […]
Legislature's 'bold new steps' in education: forward or backward?
It was exciting to read recently that one of the GOP leaders of the Alabama House said, "It is time to take bold, new steps and leave the broken status quo behind." I could not agree more. Obviously Dr. Tommy Bice, State Superintendent of Education feels the same way. In fact, the statement of the legislator echoes what Bice said […]
IN THE STATEHOUSE
Tackling the Internet tax
Alabama's beleaguered budgets could receive some relief if Congress passes legislation to allow states to collect the online sales taxes due them. These are not new taxes. They are taxes being avoided and are already owed. It is simply a basic fairness issue. It is not fair that retail stores, who build buildings and hire employees, are made to collect […]
Evans family places flags in cemetery
Saturday morning, more than two dozen people gathered around the recently raised American and Air Force flags at Oak Hill Cemetery in Oneonta. "I have wanted to do this for more than 25 years," said Harold Evans, an Air Force veteran and Oneonta resident. Evans was the powerhouse behind having the flags placed in Oak Hill Cemetery, and under the […]
Quilters Guild honors sustaining members
Wallace State golf team finishes seventh at national tournament


text:
Q: Adding and using a new dependency (android-percent-support) Im trying to use com.android.support:percent:22.2.0 as shown here:
https://github.com/JulienGenoud/android-percent-support-lib-sample
I have tried adding the dependency to the build.gradle in many forms but i still get an error:
no resource identifier found for attribute layout_heightpercent
when i try to use the sample layouts.
Maybe it will be important to note that i didnt even have build.gradle until i exported the project as Gradle Generated.
The samples should work, also when i googled this problem i came across many other samples and tried them to no avail.
How do i add this dependency? Thank you.
EDIT - this is my build.gradle file, which is located on the root of my project (where AndroidManifest.xml is)
buildscript {
repositories {
    jcenter()
}
dependencies {
    classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:0.12.+'
}
}
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

dependencies {
compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
compile 'com.android.support:percent:22.2.0'
}

android {
compileSdkVersion 15
buildToolsVersion "23.0.1"

sourceSets {
    main {
        manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'
        java.srcDirs = ['src']
        resources.srcDirs = ['src']
        aidl.srcDirs = ['src']
        renderscript.srcDirs = ['src']
        res.srcDirs = ['res']
        assets.srcDirs = ['assets']
    }

    // Move the tests to tests/java, tests/res, etc...
    instrumentTest.setRoot('tests')

    // Move the build types to build-types/<type>
    // For instance, build-types/debug/java, build-types/debug/AndroidManifest.xml, ...
    // This moves them out of them default location under src/<type>/... which would
    // conflict with src/ being used by the main source set.
    // Adding new build types or product flavors should be accompanied
    // by a similar customization.
    debug.setRoot('build-types/debug')
    release.setRoot('build-types/release')
}
}

And this is the error when trying to render the layout:
Exception raised during rendering: com.android.layoutlib.bridge.MockView cannot be cast to android.view.ViewGroup
Exception details are logged in Window > Show View > Error Log
The following classes could not be found:
- android.support.percent.PercentRelativeLayout (Fix Build Path, Edit XML, Create Class)

A: Can you share some code? The attribute seems to be named
layout_heightPercent

not
layout_heightpercent

It might just be a misspelling.
EDIT:
You have two dependency blocks
dependencies {
    classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:0.12.+'
}

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
    compile 'com.android.support:percent:22.2.0'
}

But the gradle file looks like it's both the projects and the modules in one. You might want to create a new project and see how the structure looks and then apply that to your own.

A: I am the original poster
So i forgot to mention earlier i used eclipse. No change to the build.gradle made any difference.
What i did was install android studio and now it works well, while as even importing the gradle project doesnt work.
So in conclusion, installing android studio was a solution for me.


When the season approaches its end, this weekend might be seen as the key point.
Two clubs have been by far and away the most consistent this season and last, and they met this past Saturday as second placed Collegiate travelled up the M1 to take on leaders and double reigning champions Wakefield Thornes.
Shorn of their county contracted players Billy Root and Azeem Rafiq, Collegiate needed a strong performance to push their case for the lead position.
Collegiate won the toss and batted first, and lived to regret the decision.
Thornes attack were ruthless in demolishing the visitors line up, reducing them to 36-5; Mahmood Rasool (5-39) did the most damage in putting Collegiate on the back foot.
Henry Eldred (44), Ben Fielding (24) and Robert Shaw (21) fought back and dragged Collegiate up to 159 all out in the 43rd over.
This was not the performance Collegiate needed and a strong bowling performance was called for to give them any chance of victory.
The second innings was cat and mouse as Collegiate chipped away at the champions' batting line up.
At 90-5, Collegiate were in with a chance thanks to Matt Dixon's 2-44 and 2-26 from Matt Fielding.
Josh Shaw's all round performance was key as he posted 35 alongside his 3-65 and led Thornes to a three-wicket victory in the 47th over, leaving Collegiate ruing their earlier failure with the bat.
Thornes moved 20 points clear, with Collegiate still clear in second but seemingly with a mountain to climb, relying on others to halt Thorne march towards a third title.
Barnsley consolidated their third place with a good win in a tight game against fourth placed Doncaster.
Barnsley batted first at their hosts request and openers Trower and Beukes fell relatively cheaply, but Harpreet Bathia and Eli Richards set about the attack.
Bathia posted his fifth century in six league innings finishing on 103 as he was one of three victims for Jack Shutt.
Richards continued and struck 104* off just 84 balls taking Barnsley to 271-4. The reply was strangled by Dan Waldron taking two early wickets, and despite an excellent 94 from Ali Waqas, his team mates couldn't provide enough support from the other end although Duncan Heath's 39 was part of a 87 run partnership that caused Barnsley some concern.
Waldron returned to finish with 3-49, with Bathia taking 2-49 as Doncaster finished on 246-9.
Wickersley moved back into fourth with a straightforward win over struggling Aston Hall who decided to bat first, and just 36 overs later were regretting the decision.
Ali Manzoor was destroyer in chief with 6-26 for Wickersley, as only the top three Aston Hall batmen posted double figure scores.
Mark Cummins helped finish off the innings with 3-28 as Wickersley needed 90 for victory.
This they did in just 21 overs as Cummins (36*) and Tom Knight (34*) combined from a tricky position of 33-2 to take their side to victory with no further loss.
The defeat leaves Aston Hall in a perilous position at the bottom of the table.
The remaining games illustrate the competitiveness of the league below the top two sides.
Mid table Treeton lost at improving Cleethorpes who chose to bat first. James Osmond struck 76 and with twenties from Bill Kirby and Vusimuzi Sibanda, Cleethorpes were able to post 192-9 despite the efforts of Will Street (3-59).
The reply was steady but wickets fell with regularity to keep Cleethorpes on top. George Barnes struck 53, with support from Shahjahan Younis (33) but Alex Osmond kept his side in control with 6-55. Five scores of 1 or less meant Treeton fell for 170 and a loss by 22 runs.
Whitley Hall's recent upturn was quashed at Appleby Frodingham who moved within two points of their vistors.
From 33-2, Whitley let their hosts escape as Ryan Schierhout (61), Matt Fowler (46) and Kieran Lindley (34) combined to take the score up to a competitive 238-8 despite Richard Wilkinson's return of 5-59.
Whitley's reply never got going, without an innings to build a reply around. Greig Batty top scored with 51* batting at six, and despite a quickfire 31 from Abhishek Kulkarni, Whitley finished 45 runs adrift on 193 all out with four overs remaining as Kieran Watson taking 4-54.
Finally Hallam returned to winning ways with a good result at Whiston whose struggles return after a recent improvement.
Sajid Khan continued to score well for Whiston when they batted first, but with little support from his team mates, Danny Kemp's 26 aside, Hallam were always in control.
Joe Cooper took 4-23 and with Craig Moffat picking up 3-24 in support Whiston fell to 132 all out in 46 miserly overs.
The reply was not straightforward however, as Whiston's bowlers rallied. Hallam started well at 51-0 and at 102-3 the game seemed over.
Khan excelled with the ball (3-41) but Hallam fell over the line at 135-7 and 12 much needed points were theirs.
This weekend Thornes welcome Cleethorpes, Collegiate look to bounce back against Doncaster and Barnsley go to Wickersley.
Whitley travel to Treeton, Hallam host Appleby Frodingham and a basement clash sees Aston Hall welcome Whiston.
STANDINGS (14 games): Thornes 148; COLLEGIATE 128; Barnsley 114; Wickersley 106; Doncaster 100; Treeton 86; WHITLEY HALL 76; Appleby Frodingham 74; HALLAM 74; Cleethorpes 64; Whiston 62; Aston Hall 50.


text:
Austria Cohn, News Reporter • January 19, 2022
To end 2021, Fort Collins received a perfect score on the Municipal Equality Index, which the City's PRIDE Employee Resource Group worked with the Human Rights Campaign to achieve. The MEI scorecard...
On Jan. 18, the Fort Collins City Council held a regular meeting and discussed temporary housing in Fort Collins for victims of the Marshall Fire. The discussion around temporary housing options involved...
Noelle Mason and Katrina Leibee • January 19, 2022
Update: 9:01 p.m. Jan. 19 — Colorado State University will be opening late Jan. 20 due to weather. All activities, classes, events and meetings, in-person or remote, before 10 a.m. are canceled. Anything...
Noah Pasley, News Editor • January 17, 2022
The City of Fort Collins and Colorado State University came together Monday to celebrate the federal holiday of Martin Luther King Jr. Day with a march and special programming at the Lory Student Center...
Colorado State University announced its Martin Luther King Jr. Day plans via a Thursday email from CSU President Joyce McConnell, which featured a new march route and a keynote speech from Carlotta LaNier...
Katrina Leibee, Editor in Chief • December 27, 2021
Nine cases of the COVID-19 omicron variant have been detected in Larimer County, according to a press release from the Larimer County Department of Health and Environment. The omicron variant is more...
Samy Gentle , News Reporter • December 8, 2021
The Queer Memory Project of Northern Colorado is an "educational and community-based project to discover, preserve, and communicate the LGBTQ+ past of Northern Colorado to contemporary audiences in meaningful ways," said Tom Dunn, director of the project. Dunn is also an associate professor of communication studies at Colorado State University.
Austria Cohn, News Reporter • December 8, 2021
Fort Collins City Council met Dec. 7, for a council meeting primarily focused on raises for City employees as well as the experience of several council members as they recently visited intensive care units. The...
Austria Cohn and Sarahy Quintana • December 7, 2021
Nota del editor: Puedes leer la versión en ingles de este artículo aquí. Traducción de Sarahy Quintana Fort Collins y el norte de Colorado pertenecían originalmente a los pueblos indígenas...
Noah Pasley, News Editor • December 3, 2021
The Colorado State University System's Board of Governors voted Friday to approve a plan to sell the site of Hughes Stadium to the City of Fort Collins, according to a resolution from the board. The...
Fort Collins opens new temporary shelter for the winter
In Fort Collins, a temporary winter shelter located at 212 W. Mountain Ave. is now open from 5 p.m. to 8 a.m. The shelter is for overflow for men experiencing homelessness and is especially important...
A brief history of Indigenous peoples in Northern Colorado
Editor's Note: Read the Spanish version of this story here. Fort Collins and Northern Colorado originally belonged to Indigenous people prior to the arrival of European settlers, who came and stole...


Founded in 1996 by Brian Thatcher and a group of five CEOs and business owners, Convene was created to meet a vital need. God gave Brian and his partners a passion for successful business leaders that were isolated and lacked the tools, support and relationships they needed to build profitable businesses. At the same time, they helped them integrate their faith with their work to make a great Kingdom impact.
Since then, we've been seeking God's wisdom and consistently innovating to best accomplish our mission, vision and values.
Parallel Priorities are the vital areas of commitment in our life that have high importance. They're the core areas of our daily calling in which mediocrity and failure can have huge implications for us, our families and businesses. In Christ, success in all these priorities is possible at the same time, resulting in the benefits and blessings of a life well-lived.
Being an incredible leader in your company is important; being a great spouse or parent has an even more profound impact. Investing the time to develop nurturing and supportive relationships, honoring your commitments and living out your faith with the people you care most about will impact generations to come. At Convene, we'll help you live out the reality that your family is your primary ministry.
Your business leadership is both a gift and a stewardship from God. The Parable of the Talents is clear: God expects you to get a good return on the assets He has entrusted to you, including: profits to keep the company healthy, opportunities for your employees and a fair return for you and other shareholders. While profitability is vital and good, God's definition of "success" requires integration with other priorities in life.
God has a unique plan and great adventure for your life and business. It embraces your dreams, strengths, passions, personality and experiences. At Convene, we emphasize that our true significance comes from loving and serving God faithfully in all areas of life. He has blessed you with the opportunity to serve others in and through your business, and to be a blessing to the world by bearing "much fruit".


text:
New Anti-TB Strategy Target: Elimination of the Disease
Published on Thursday, 21 November 2013 00:00
Written by Theo Smart
A major shift in the global anti-tuberculosis (TB) strategy was announced at the Stop TB Symposium just prior to the 44th Union World Conference on Lung Health this month in Paris. Instead of setting modest targets for incremental improvements in TB control, which has been the norm for the past few decades, the TB community -- clearly driven by TB/HIV activism -- is now calling for a global effort to eliminate the ancient disease.
The very ambitious though still preliminary Global TB Strategy 2015-2035, prepared after consultations with key stakeholders including civil society and non-government organizations, will be reviewed by the World Health Organization (WHO) executive board in January 2014 and then proposed for adoption by UN member States at the General Health Assembly next June.
"The mission is a world free of TB. Zero deaths, zero disease, and zero suffering due to tuberculosis," said Mario Raviglione, head of WHO's Global TB Program, at the Stop TB Symposium. "The goal is to end the TB epidemic."
Much of the rest of the symposium -- and indeed, the subsequent conference -- dealt with how to reach this goal.
Improvements in standards of living and implementation of existing TB tools -- including the scale-up of earlier antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV -- by emerging middle-income countries such as Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (the BRICS economies) could get the world part of the way there.
But Raviglione and other speakers stressed that reaching "Zero TB" targets will require major investments in research to develop tools that do not yet exist, such as an effective TB vaccine and better preventive therapies and diagnostics.
This could be a significant challenge, as indicated by a new report from the Treatment Action Group showing that funding for TB research has fallen recently. In addition, as conference-goers would hear, some seemingly promising anti-TB innovations have turned out to be disappointing in late-stage clinical trials.
Success in eliminating TB will therefore depend upon rallying activists and getting researchers, funders, and national governments -- especially in the BRICS countries -- to support the strategy and engage in TB research. Furthermore, scientists at the conference also called for cross-disciplinary approaches to coordinate efforts through modeling, trial designs that test multiple interventions at once, and basic science research that calls into question much of the "old knowledge" about the disease.
The Captain of All These Men of Death
TB has been a major cause of illness and death since antiquity and perhaps before, as all primates are susceptible to the disease. In the 1800s, it was responsible for approximately 25% of all deaths in Europe.
Most of what we know -- or think we know -- about TB was learned by studying the natural history and transmission of the disease between 1882, when Robert Koch identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the microbe that causes TB and developed the basic smear microscopy and culture methods to diagnose it, up until the antibiotic era. At that point, effective antibiotic regimens were gradually pieced together that could cure drug-susceptible TB disease in the 1950s-1970s, even though such cures required several months of treatment.
The remaining challenges to TB management appeared to be primarily related to improving adherence and strengthening weak health systems. To address these issues, the DOTS (directly observed therapy-short course) strategy involved securing government commitment for sustained anti-TB efforts, developing monitoring and reporting systems, improved lab testing and facilities for case detection, uninterrupted drug supplies, and, of course, directly observed treatment, which originally meant healthcare workers watching TB patients swallow their pills.
The DOTS strategy also set targets for programs to identify 70% of TB cases and to cure 85% of them. WHO estimated that if these targets were met, there would be a 40% decrease in infected contacts, a 5%-10% decrease in TB incidence (new infections), and an overall decrease in the TB prevalence (total infections).
TB became quite uncommon in wealthy industrialized countries. For a while, at least, the DOTS strategy appeared to be making steady progress against TB where and when it was done well, though there were challenges reaching some populations in poorer parts of the world and wherever drug-resistant TB had taken hold.
Consequently, there was little incentive for further TB research, especially since existing tools and treatments were inexpensive. Smear microscopy remained the first-line TB diagnostic for more than 120 years and until recently there had been no new TB drugs for decades. The number of people with drug-resistant TB was deemed too small to motivate the development of tools to quickly diagnose it or treatments for relatively few patients. As a result, the study of TB became a backwater of infectious disease research.
HIV/TB: A Disastrous Combination with One Silver Lining
In 1992, an outbreak of TB among people living with HIV in New York City helped to uncover a dangerous interaction between these diseases. Soon, in countries with a high burden of the virus, HIV would begin to fuel a re-emergent TB epidemic, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
However, the phenomenon of HIV/TB also resulted in an infusion of new activist energy into the TB community. One of the activists' first targets was DOTS, which was clearly inadequate to control HIV-related TB in high-burden settings. In 2005, Zachie Achmat of the Treatment Action Campaign gave the opening plenary presentation at that year's Union World Conference, complaining that DOTS was "a patriarchal approach that does not empower patients."
While this seemed to challenge the orthodoxy of the TB world, many TB specialists were eager for activists to work the same sort of magic for TB as they had for HIV.
More recently, complaints about DOTS have focused on what activists see as the unambitious targets that have been set. These seem to betray complacency, perpetuating TB at near current levels, with 1.2 million people dying of the disease last year.
"Where are we in TB? We're saying '1.2 million deaths is okay'," exclaimed Colleen Daniels of the Treatment Action Group during an action in which activists took over the stage at this year's Stop TB Symposium. "It's not okay. We are demanding that you all in this room have vision, that you all in this room decide that we are not going to control TB, but we are going to eliminate TB."
Raviglione and other leaders in the community happily put on the activists' T-shirts. While the activists are calling for "Zero TB" a bit sooner -- by 2025 instead of 2035 -- the TB world is finally setting its sights higher than simply controlling the disease.
What Will It Take to Eliminate TB by 2035?
What is required to eliminate TB by 2035, the ending date of the forthcoming Global TB Strategy? Between now and 2025, it will take improvements in the control of TB in high burden middle-income countries, as well as a major push for research to develop new anti-TB tools that do not yet exist. After 2025, there will need to be rapid scale-up of these new tools.
"We believe it is possible to reduce the incidence of TB by an average 10% per year," said Raviglione. "If it were possible in Europe half a century ago, it must be possible [today] in the BRICS countries and other middle-income countries -- many of the countries that are dominating the epidemic in the world."
The reduction in TB incidence in industrialized countries during the 20th century required improvements in living conditions, nutrition, and access to health care. The Global TB Strategy is counting on similar improvements in middle-income countries -- especially Russia, India, China, and South Africa, which together account for 45% of the global TB burden.
These countries have significant capacity to mobilize domestic resources and will need to continue scaling up existing TB interventions. These include HIV-related activities such as the continued scale-up of ART -- which reduces the risk of developing active TB in people with HIV by 67% -- as well as the "Three I's for HIV/TB": intensified TB case finding, TB infection control, and isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT).
A few presentations at the Union World conference looked at the potential impact these interventions could have on TB incidence in southern Africa.
Carel Pretorius from the Futures Institute in South Africa shared results of a modelling exercise to study the impact of ART expansion on TB in South Africa. The researchers took models from 3 groups that had been developed to look at the effects of different ART expansion approaches on the HIV epidemic, and adapted them to look at the impact on TB incidence (complete findings will be reported in The Lancet Global Health in December).
"When we combined universal ART eligibility (in other words, that CD4 cell counts are not a criteria for starting ART), as well as expanded access (the maximum coverage we thought possible), we found that by 2033 there would be 28%-37% reduction in TB incidence and 36%-42% reduction in TB mortality," Pretorius said. "So our overall finding is that there will be a significant impact on the TB burden...but ART expansion alone won't achieve TB control in South Africa."
According to Francine Tjituka, the HIV Program Manager from Namibia, programmatic data demonstrate that implementing an HIV and TB care service package already seems to be having a significant impact on the HIV and TB burdens in her country.
In addition to an ambitious national scale-up of ART -- after 2010, to all HIV positive people with CD4 counts less than 350 cells/mm3 or with active TB -- a TB/HIV technical working group was established and collaborative TB/HIV activities were incorporated in both the HIV and TB strategic plans and guidelines. These included HIV testing in TB clinics, initiation of ART for those who test HIV positive while they are still on TB treatment, and implementation of the Three I's for HIV/TB.
In TB facilities, HIV testing increased from 16% in 2005 to 89% in 2012, while ART coverage among HIV positive TB patients went from 17% in 2007 to 72% in 2012. This has had been associated with a decline in HIV prevalence among TB patients, from 67% in 2007 to 47% in 2012, as well as a decrease in the national burden of TB overall, from 822 cases per 100,000 people in 2004 to 529 per 100,000 in 2012.
"A package of TB and HIV prevention and care services is associated with a decline in HIV-associated TB and also will have a long term impact on the TB epidemic," Tjituka said. "Further research is required to see which of these interventions had the greater effect on the TB epidemic." She added that they are hopeful that the impact will increase as the country raises its ART eligibility threshold from 350 to 500 cells/mm3.
However, a third study by UNAIDS consultant Somya Gupta and colleagues suggests that a full package of interventions will be required to achieve the greatest impact. This study used a decision-analytic model to evaluate the number of TB cases, costs, and cost-effectiveness under different TB prevention policy scenarios, using cost data from South Africa.
This study found that expanding ART coverage alone would only decrease the TB case rate by 100 cases or so (from a base rate of around 1300 cases per 100,000 people per year). Under a scenario in which the recently launched Xpert MTB/RIF test is used to diagnose TB, ART is started at a threshold of 500 cells/mm3, infection control is implemented, and IPT is used for 36 months, 450 TB cases were prevented, at an incremental cost of US $7,200.00 per case averted.
"Our study found that a combination TB prevention strategy was more cost-effective when compared with individual strategies," Gupta said. "So to reduce the burden of TB in people living with HIV and [achieve] related other health benefits, we need to accelerate the scale up of early ART and the Three I's for HIV/TB."
More and Better Research
Gupta's model would still leave a very high TB case rate in South Africa -- around 815 cases per 100,000 people per year. To do better, TB treatment program fundamentals will need to be strengthened and, as Raviglione stressed in his opening talk, research and development of new tools will be necessary, including an effective vaccine, better preventive therapies, and shorter treatment regimens.
Unfortunately, recent research on some of these new tools has been disappointing. Results presented earlier this year on the first major TB vaccine study in infants since 1921 suggest that researchers may have to re-evaluate underlying assumptions about what type of immune response will be needed for an effective vaccine. Although the MVA85A vaccine was safe and induced modest cell-mediated immune responses, it failed to protect children from becoming infected with M. tuberculosis or from developing active disease.
Another example is the effort to shorten the course of TB treatment by substituting newer fluoroquinolonessuch as gatifloxacin or moxifloxacin for older drugs currently used in first-line TB regimens.
The RIFAQUIN study, presented at this year's Retrovirus conference, showed that although a 2-drug combination of rifapentine and moxifloxacin could effectively be administered once-weekly during the 4-month continuation phase of TB treatment, this did not allow the total duration of therapy to be shortened from 6 to 4 months.
Disappointing results were also released at the Union World Conference from the OFLOTUB trial, in which gatifloxacin was substituted for ethambutol during the 2-month intensive phase of TB treatment, then added to rifampicin and isoniazid during a 2-month continuation phase. The study found that the standard 6-month regimen was superior, at least at the gatifloxacin doses currently used.
"If we do not invest in research now, we are not going to the point in 2025 -- which is a milestone in our strategy -- with the weapons that we need to really pursue elimination of TB," Raviglione cautioned.
In other words, these tools really need to be developed and in use by 2025 in order to help push the incidence of TB down more sharply and to reach the new Global TB Strategy goals of a 90% reduction in TB incidence and a 95% reduction in death by 2035.
"This is not about academic research for research's sake," said Gilla Kaplan from the Public Health Research Institute Center of Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, speaking at a Stop TB Symposium session on research needed to control TB in the post-2015 era. "This is about harnessing the intellectual and academic capability of all of those communities that are involved in TB research and then getting them to work together with vaccine development, drug development, diagnostic development, epidemiology, survey, and operational research focusing on stopping infection, stopping transmission, and stopping the epidemic rather than merely treating those who are infected and have the disease today."
Theo Smart is a freelance writer/editor and advocate for the delivery of patient-centred HIV, TB, and other essential primary care in resource limited settings. For more of his conference coverage, visit http://www.treatmentsciencewriters.com.
44th Union World Conference on Lung Health (http://www.worldlunghealth.org/conf2013/). Paris. October 30-November 3, 2013.


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Anyone know how I can receive newsgroups using OS X's Mail?
look on versiontracker for "Halime" ... it's a little buggy (crashes occasionally), but better than running classic.
So what are the settings on the 'Web' tab of the Internet preference pane for if OS X/Mail can't access newsgroups?
Well, the "WEB" tab lets you set your default browser and home page and such.... you might have meant the "NEWS" tab ... perhaps this indicates some future feature from Apple ? ... though I've heard nothing about the ability to read newsgroups in Jaguar (except through these third party apps).


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