1856, from water (n.1) + front (n.).
The waterfront was empty, swept clean of all that I disliked.
On walks along the waterfront he would treat it all like a graveyard.
Walking now down the waterfront I met only a figure here and there.
As I went along the waterfront I felt a confused disappointment.
More barrels, boxes, crates and bags to be piled high up on the waterfront.
I started for the waterfront, asking my way every block or two.
It seemed that all Delaware colony must be at the waterfront.
We don't own our streets or our docks or our waterfront or anything else.
The boy she was going to marry, the boy she loved, had fled with her to the Marmara waterfront.
He could see the masts and yards of the ships along the waterfront.


Questions about 1920's / early 30's Yankee caps..
1. How long were individual caps typically worn by players during this time period (20s and 30s)? Were they typically worn for the entire season and beyond? Or did they usually get more than one cap per season?
2. Did Yankees players wear the same caps at home and on the road during this time? Obviously they had the pinstripe cap in 1921 that was only worn at home, but when they switched to the current version of the cap in 1922, did they begin using the same cap for home and away games?
I guess what I'm getting at here is if I were to buy a game worn Yankee cap from this period, would there be a reasonable possibility that it was worn every single game in the 154 game schedule (assuming the player played every game)?
Last edited by DirtyT; 08-16-2018 at 07:29 PM.
In my opinion, that assumption would be a stretch. I do not know how many caps the Yankees issued each player during that era. But it was likely more than one, and highly unlikely that any player would wear one single cap (home and road) for the entire season.
Caps typically exhibit wear and tear more than any other uniform component... they were stretched and taken off/put on thousands of times during the course of the year. They absorbed sweat, endured being folded, stuffed in back pockets, etc. Perhaps someone here has a definitive answer about game-issued 1920s-30s Yankee Caps. But I think the single cap assumption would require a huge leap of faith.
Last edited by perezfan; 08-16-2018 at 09:37 PM.
Interesting. I definitely see your point and agree with that. Curious if anyone else believes different.
In my many years of collecting, I have seen far more game-used Yankee jerseys from the 1920s-30s than I have seen caps. Which leads me to believe that not many caps were issued. I own two game-used Yankee caps, Marty McHale's 1913 cap, and a late 20s-early 30s capo of Art Jorgens.
Very nice! That's very cool.


While this works perfectly well, it is not easily readable and it has limited reuse value….
A better way to solve this problem is to use regular expressions. Regular expressions are implemented in most programming languages and enable you to define a pattern of text. You can use the patterns to search for matches, carry out replacements or extract the matches from the source text.
Regular expressions are included in VBA but are not switched on by default. Follow the steps below to create an example of using regular expressions.
Create a blank workbook in Excel.
Open up the VBA editor by clicking ALT + F11 in excel.
Insert some sample functions that utilise regular expressions from GitHub into the module.
You can now use the functions GetFirstPostcode, GetFirstEmailAddress, GetAllPostcodes and GetAllEmailAddresses within cell formulas to extract structured text from source text. These are demonstrated in the sample spreadsheet.
GetFirstMatch – uses the regular expression object to get the value of the first match in the source text which it returns to the caller.
GetAllMatches – uses the regular expression object to get all the matches and concatenates them into a new line delimited string. This can then be directly returned to the caller.
These two functions are called by the functions GetFirstPostcode, GetFirstEmailAddress, GetAllPostcodes and GetAllEmailAddresses which define the regular expressions to use in the searches. There is much documentation already available on regular expressions so anyone not familiar with them should start at www.regular-expressions.info These functions are called themselves within the cell formulas on Sheet1.
Using regular expressions in Excel requires some work but it does make your formulas much more readable. Also, once you have mastered the technique you can use it for any text extraction and you can benefit from the many libraries of regular expressions that are available online.
One of the problems with using the PIVOT clause in T-SQL is that you have to specify all the spreading column names that you want in your final result set.
To get around this you can generate the column names as strings and then use them within a dynamic SQL query that does the pivotting.
I wish this was an unusual situation… Recently I was asked to develop the ETL process for a system I had never used before. The company that provided the system didn't want to help or provide documentation to assist in my development. Having been in this situation once or twice before, I knew that I needed to get a handle on a the database structure by looking at foreign keys. Then I needed to create a few diagrams to help me navigate my way around.
BUT… not all the relationships are defined with foreign keys. AND this system is spread across 10 or so databases… So I created this script to help me track down database connectons.


text:
Metal Sucks Corey Taylor May Record "a Dark Jazz Album" of... The Wendy's Twitter Account Roasted Atreyu, Gwar,...
But What Does Corey Taylor Think?
Corey Taylor May Record "a Dark Jazz Album" of Slipknot and Stone Sour Songs
January 7th, 2019 at 10:01am
Axl Rosenberg
I don't think the idea of jazz versions of Slipknot and Stone Sour songs sounds very appealing. Of course, I'm not Corey Taylor, and Corey Taylor thinks it's a good idea, so it probably is.
Said Mr. Taylor during a recent interview with RadioVegas.Rocks' Chaotic Radio:
"I've actually been thinking about doing something like this, putting together a quartet or a quintet and doing a jazz album, like a dark jazz album and recording it live in a room."
"It won't sell shit. It would really just be for my own personal collection. I love jazz. A lot of people don't realize that. I listen to a lot of 40s and 50s jazz.
"There's this haunting stuff that Billie Holiday would do, the older stuff that Charlie Parker would do when he was really fucked up – that would be the stuff that I would be closer to.
"I've got jazzy versions of some of my own songs that I would love to try. Probably something like 'Prosthetics' I think would be really cool. And then 'Bother.' I've got a really cool jazzy version of 'Bother' that could be really cool."
As to whether or not this project ever actually comes to fruition, who knows. But with two bands and I've lost count already of how many books and speaking tours, Taylor clearly is a dude who likes to keep busy. So it could happen, someday…
[via Metal Hammer]
Tags: Corey Taylor, Slipknot, stone sour
Worst Week Ever 0
Slipknot's "Enter Sandman," Vince Neil's Fitness Routine, and More Stories You May Have Missed This Week
January 17th, 2020 at 5:00pm MetalSucks
Also includes Devin Townsend, Rammstein, Danzig, and more.
But What Does Corey Taylor Think? 0
Corey Taylor: "If the Democrats Don't Get on the Same Page, It's Four More Years of Trump"
January 16th, 2020 at 10:38am Axl Rosenberg
"There is something that the Democrats haven't learned that the Republicans learned a long time ago. That is getting your base to vote no matter who the person is."
Slipknot's Corey Taylor Reunites With Tom Savini for His New Horror Movie
January 15th, 2020 at 2:51pm Axl Rosenberg
Taylor is reportedly in pre-production for his feature film directorial debut.
BREAKING: Slipknot Guitarist Mick Thomson Stabbed in the Head by Brother
If I Read One More Thing About Arcade Fire I Am Going To Puke
Rigged: Nile's Karl Sanders
Heavy Metal Drinking Games
The Top 25 Modern Metal Frontmen: The Entire List in One Place

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I've been away for a while, and training and working has left me with no time to update my blog. I've given %100 every day to this fight with Weichel, I'm in superb shape and I'm on weight. I'm fully confident of a win, and given the proverbial face for radio that I took to the TUF auditions, it appears I may just have to make my way to the UFC based purely on the merits of my fighting ability.
Brazil was a great experience, but one of those you are able to enjoy only once the experience is over. Training was sickening, down time was devoid of distraction. I'm writing about my experience for Fighters Only so keep buying the mag in anticipation of a write up of my adventures.
Thanks to Tenth legion fightwear, Fighters Only and Blue Velvet for sponsoring my trip.


This paper explores the historical, religious and philosophical underpinnings of how women have been relegated into the background in recent years by tracing the history of women in the Philippines. The respected status Filipino women enjoyed during the pre-Spanish Philippines were predicated on the notion of equality and partnership dictated by the social roles played by both men and women. Spanish conquest of the Philippines altered the hitherto existing social order. The Spanish imposed religion in the colony which had so much misogynistic ideas that demeaned women.


text:
\section{Introduction}

The successful implementation of any quantum-information protocol hinges on
the operational reliability of its individual components, which
includes quantum sources that supply the resources for information
transmission. Accurate calibrations of these sources are hence
important and quantum tomography provides the necessary tools for
this purpose.

In continuous-variable quantum information theory,
the technique of balanced homodyning (HOM)~\cite{Yuen:1983ba,Abbas:1983ak, Schumaker:1984qm,Vogel:1989zr,Banaszek:1997ot} samples the marginal distribution of the Wigner function of a given unknown state with approximate quadrature eigenstates. Heterodyning (HET)~\cite{Arthurs:1965al,Yuen:1982hh,Arthurs:1988aa,Martens:1990al,Martens:1991aa,Raymer:1994aj,Trifonov:2001up,Werner:2004as} on the other hand performs a delocalized sampling of the Husimi function of the state by a joint measurement of the complementary position $X$ and momentum $P$ operators---double-HOM so to speak. These two sampling methods probe the phase space in essentially two feasible ways to reconstruct observable parameters, that is the parameter column $\rvec{q}=\left<\rvec{V}\right>$ that depends on some state-independent observable column $\rvec{V}$: through either a direct sampling of some positive quasi-distribution or sampling physical aspects of some otherwise non-positive (and non-singular) quasi-distribution.

In Refs.~\cite{Rehacek:2015qp} and \cite{Muller:2016da}, we showed that despite the fact that both Husimi and Wigner representations are mutually equivalent for describing quantum states, the reconstruction accuracies of observable parameters for schemes that probe these different quasi-distributions can be very different. In particular, we showed that for Gaussian states of a wide range of temperature $\mu\geq1$ (mean thermal photon number) and squeezing strength $\lambda\geq1$, HET beats HOM tomographically in reconstructing first and second moments even in the presence of additional vacuum noise originating from the joint measurement of complementary observables. The studies were based on the analysis of the optimal mean squared error, or the scaled Cram{\'e}r--Rao bound (sCRB). These results refuted a myth that suggests that because of the vacuum noise, ``\emph{the two }($X$-$P$)\emph{ beams measured have to suffer losses}'', such that ``\emph{each quadrature measurement will have a reduced SNR} (signal-to-noise ratio)''. An erroneously unsystematic assessment of the two schemes such as this would inevitably conclude with the belief that there ``\emph{is no advantage}'' in using HET~\footnote{These comments, which were directly extracted from a referee report for a journal that is not cited here, are representative of many statements for this myth.}, which is in direct contradiction with well-established experimental schemes~\cite{Muller:2016da,Croal:2016qs}.

In subsequent discussions, we shall present a general theory~\cite{Teo:2017aa} for the two sampling methods that applies to arbitrary single-mode states and extend this theory to two-mode states. We show that for a majority of the cases, HET beats HOM tomographically in terms of the sCRB. As examples, we investigate the performance of these methods in first and second-moment tomography on these states. The paper is organized as follows. We first state the general theory for moment tomography as well as for HOM and HET in Sec.~\ref{sec:gen_theory}. We then proceed to discuss first-moment and second-moment tomography for single-mode quantum states with more detail in Secs.~\ref{sec:first-mom} and \ref{sec:sec-mom}. More specifically, we prove a general optimality property of HET for first-moment tomography that holds for \emph{all} states, and in Secs.~\ref{subsec:second_mom_gauss} through \ref{subsec:second_mom_dispfock_padd}, we analyze the tomographic powers of HOM and HET defined by their sCRBs for interesting classes of states: the Gaussian, Fock, even and odd coherent, displaced Fock, and photon-added coherent states. Finally, we extend our discussions to two-mode states in Sec.~\ref{sec:two-mode}, taking a next step towards a more complete study of these schemes on general multimode photonic sources. There, we shall analyze two classes of two-mode states, the two-mode Fock and two-mode squeezed vacuum states.

\section{General theory}
\label{sec:gen_theory}

\subsection{Moments and tomographic power}
\label{subsec:mom_power}

In quantum mechanics, an arbitrary single-mode state $\rho$ can be characterized with an infinite set of operator moments, which are functions of the position $X$ and momentum $P$ operators~\cite{Englert:QM2} that parametrize the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. When $\rho$ is a Gaussian state (a state with all quasi-distributions Gaussian), the Hilbert space is effectively parametrized by only the first and second moments. This turns the Hilbert space into a five-dimensional parameter space that is characterized by $\left<X\right>$, $\left<P\right>$, $\left<X^2\right>$, $\left<P^2\right>$ and $\left<\WEYLORD{XP}\right>$ where $\WEYLORD{XP}=(XP+PX)/2$ refers to the Weyl symmetrically-ordered operator moments. In this article, we study the performance of HOM and HET on the first and second moments for states besides the Gaussian ones. The corresponding results can be useful in many areas of quantum information theory, such as the topics of generalized uncertainty relations~\cite{Angulo:1993aa,Angulo:1994ps}, non-classicality detection~\cite{Simon:9709030,Arvind:1998aa}, entanglement detection~\cite{Namiki:2012gs,Ivan:2012da}, and cryptography~\cite{Leverrier:2012qs,Thearle:2016aa}.

It is convenient to group the first and second moments into the following two multivariate quantities:
\begin{align}
\rvec{r}&\,\widehat{=}\begin{pmatrix}
\left<X\right>\\
\left<P\right>
\end{pmatrix}\,,\quad\dyadic{G}_1=\rvec{r}\rvec{r}\,,\nonumber\\
\dyadic{G}_2&\,\widehat{=}\begin{pmatrix}
\left<X^2\right> & \left<\WEYLORD{XP}\right>\\
\left<\WEYLORD{XP}\right> & \left<P^2\right>
\end{pmatrix}\,.
\end{align}
The complete covariance matrix of any single-mode $\rho$ is then defined as $\dyadic{G}=\dyadic{G}_2-\dyadic{G}_1$, and contains all first- and second-moment information about $\rho$. Additionally, $\dyadic{G}$ satisfies the matrix inequality $\dyadic{G}\geq-\I\,\dyadic{\Omega}/2$ in terms of $\dyadic{\Omega}\,\widehat{=}\begin{pmatrix}
0 & 1\\
-1 & 0
\end{pmatrix}$ that is related to the two-dimensional symplectic group, or equivalently $\DET{\dyadic{G}}\geq1/4$, which is a consequence of the Heisenberg-Robertson-Schr{\"o}dinger (HRS) uncertainty relation.

The assessment of the reconstruction accuracies in reconstructing $\rvec{r}$ and $\dyadic{G}_2$ may be made more precisely by considering their mean squared-errors (MSE) $\MSE_1=\MEAN{}{(\rest-\rvec{r})^2}$ and $\MSE_2=\MEAN{}{\left(\Gest-\dyadic{G}_2\right)^2}$ for the respective estimators $\rest$ and $\Gest$. This tomographic measure encodes three kinds of information, namely the measurement performance, reconstruction strategy used to define the estimator and data sample size $N$ that is usually fixed by the observer for the sampling techniques of interest to us. In order to make a fair and conservative comparison between two different measurement performances, we define the so-called tomographic power to be the MSE that is minimized over all possible reconstruction strategies and scaled with $N$---the scaled Cram{\'e}r--Rao bound (sCRB). The expressions are given by $\sCRB_1=N\min_{\rest}\MEAN{}{(\rest-\rvec{r})^2}$ and $\sCRB_2=N\min_{\Gest}\MEAN{}{\left(\Gest-\dyadic{G}_2\right)^2}$.

\subsection{Balanced homodyning}

The HOM scheme involves the coherent mixture of the optical signal and a strong local oscillator of complex amplitude $\alpha=|\alpha|\E{\I\vartheta}$ with a balanced (1:1) beam splitter, after which the two output photocurrents are subtracted and recorded as the real value $-\infty<x_\vartheta<\infty$ for a fixed phase $0\leq\vartheta<\pi$ [see~Fig.~\ref{fig:Fig1}(a)].

\begin{figure}[h!]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=1\columnwidth]{Fig1}
	\caption{\label{fig:Fig1}Schema for the (a)~HOM and (b)~HET schemes. Here, BS denotes a 1:1 beam splitter and LO denotes the (strong) local oscillator.}
\end{figure}

The distribution of $x_\vartheta$ is the marginal of the Wigner function along $\vartheta$, which measures the resulting quadrature observable $X_\vartheta=X\cos\vartheta+P\sin\vartheta$. To optimally reconstruct the moments with the HOM data, we take advantage of the simple formula
\begin{equation}
\left<\WEYLORD{X^mP^{M-m}}\right>=\left.\dfrac{1}{M!}\left(\dfrac{\partial}{\partial t}\right)^m\left(\dfrac{\partial}{\partial t'}\right)^{M-m}\left<(X t+P t')^{M}\right>\right|_{t=t'=0}
\end{equation}
that relates the Weyl ordered moments of order $M$ to the moments of $X_\vartheta$ ($0\leq m\leq M$), which states that all information about moments of this order is contained in $\left<X_\vartheta^{M}\right>$. Then the sCRB in moment tomography can be derived by calculating the Fisher information matrix $\dyadic{F}$ that defines it in the famous matrix-trace relation $\sCRB=N\Tr{\dyadic{F}^{-1}}$. In the limit of large $N$, the Fisher matrix for the $M$th moments can be shown to be
\begin{equation}
\dyadic{F}_{M,\textsc{hom}}=N\int_{(\pi)}\dfrac{\D\vartheta}{\pi}\,\dfrac{1}{\sigma(\vartheta)^2}\dfrac{\partial\mu(\vartheta)}{\partial\rvec{a}}\dfrac{\partial\mu(\vartheta)}{\partial\rvec{a}}
\label{eq:Fhomm}
\end{equation}
after applying the central limit theorem, where $\mu(\vartheta)=\left<X^M_\vartheta\right>$, $\sigma(\vartheta)^2=\left<X^{2M}_\vartheta\right>-\left<X^M_\vartheta\right>^2$ and $\rvec{a}$ is the $(M+1)$-dimensional column of $M$th moment parameters. We primarily focus on $M=1$ and 2, for which the Fisher matrix in \eqref{eq:Fhomm} takes the forms
\begin{align}
\FHOMone&=N\int_{(\pi)}\dfrac{\D\vartheta}{\pi}\dfrac{\dyadic{m}_\vartheta}{\langle X^2_\vartheta\rangle-\langle X_\vartheta\rangle^2}\,,\nonumber\\
\FHOMtwo&=N\int_{(\pi)}\dfrac{\D\vartheta}{\pi}\dfrac{\dyadic{M}_\vartheta}{\langle X^4_\vartheta\rangle-\langle X^2_\vartheta\rangle^2}\,,
\label{eq:Fhomm12}
\end{align}
where $\rvec{m}_\vartheta=\rvec{u}_\vartheta\rvec{u}_\vartheta$, $\rvec{u}_\vartheta\,\widehat{=}\,\TP{(\cos\vartheta\,\,\,\sin\vartheta)}$ and
\begin{equation}
\dyadic{M}_\vartheta\,\,\widehat{=}\begin{pmatrix}
\left(\cos{\vartheta}\right)^2\\
\sqrt{2}\sin{\vartheta}\cos{\vartheta}\\
\left(\sin{\vartheta}\right)^2
\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}
\left(\cos{\vartheta}\right)^2 & \sqrt{2}\sin{\vartheta}\cos{\vartheta} & \left(\sin{\vartheta}\right)^2
\end{pmatrix}\,.
\end{equation}

The optimal estimators $\rest^{(\textsc{opt})}$ and $\Gest^{(\textsc{opt})}$ that go with the sCRBs can be constructed using the HOM data by adopting mathematical techniques developed in operator frame theory~\cite{Teo:2017aa}. The answers read
\begin{align}
\widehat{\rvec{r}}^{(\textsc{opt})}_\textsc{hom}&=\dyadic{W}_1^{-1}\sum^{n_\vartheta}_{k=1}\rvec{u}_k\dfrac{N_k\widehat{\left<X_k\right>}}{\widehat{\left<X^2_k\right>}-\widehat{\left<X_k\right>}^2}\,\nonumber\\
\dyadic{W}_1&=\sum^{n_\vartheta}_{k=1}\rvec{m}_{k}\dfrac{N_k}{\widehat{\left<X_k^2\right>}-\widehat{\left<X_k\right>}^2}\,,
\label{eq:opt1}
\end{align}
and
\begin{align}
\widehat{\dyadic{G}}^{(\textsc{opt})}_{2}&=\dyadic{W}_2^{-1}\sum^{n_\vartheta}_{k=1}\VEC{\dyadic{m}_k}\dfrac{N_k\widehat{\left<X_k^2\right>}}{\widehat{\left<X^4_k\right>}-\widehat{\left<X_k^2\right>}^2}\,,\nonumber\\
\dyadic{W}_2&=\sum^{n_\vartheta}_{k=1}\dyadic{M}_k\dfrac{N_k}{\widehat{\left<X_{k}^4\right>}-\widehat{\left<X_{k}^2\right>}^2}\,,
\label{eq:opt2}
\end{align}
where $N_k=\sum^{n_x}_{j=1}n_{jk}$ refers to the marginal sum of the binned data counts $n_{jk}$ for $n_\vartheta$ sampled phases $\{\vartheta_k\}$ and $n_x$ sampled voltage differences $\{x_j\}$ per phase, and finally the unbiased estimates of the operator moments are collectively defined by
\begin{equation}
\widehat{\left<X_k^M\right>}=\dfrac{1}{N_k}\sum^{n_x}_{j=1}n_{jk}x^M_{jk}\,.
\end{equation}
The vectorization $\VEC{\,\cdot\,}$ maps a $2\times2$ symmetric matrix to a $3\times1$ real column inasmuch as
\begin{equation}
\dyadic{Y}\,\widehat{=}\begin{pmatrix}
y_1 & y_2\\
y_2 & y_3
\end{pmatrix}\mapsto\VEC{\dyadic{Y}}\,\widehat{\equiv}\begin{pmatrix}
y_1\\
\sqrt{2}\,y_2\\
y_3
\end{pmatrix}\,.
\end{equation}

We remark that for all $M>1$, the integrals in \eqref{eq:Fhomm12} [or \eqref{eq:Fhomm} for that matter] have no known analytical form for arbitrary $\rho$. As shall be demonstrated, one can nonetheless obtain closed-form expressions for specific classes of quantum states.

\subsection{Heterodyning}
\label{subsec:het}

The simultaneous measurements of $X$ and $P$ [see Fig.~\ref{fig:Fig1}(b)] with HET realize the coherent-state measurement. This projects the state $\rho$ to coherent states \emph{via} a delocalized phase-space sampling of the Husimi function. It is easy to see that the additional vacuum noise introduced by the initial beam splitter physically infuses measurement uncertainty in the resulting $X-P$ measurement data of the Arthurs--Kelly type relation
\begin{equation}
\VAR{\textsc{q}}{x}\VAR{\textsc{q}}{p}=\left(\langle(\Delta X)^2\rangle+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(\langle(\Delta P)^2\rangle+\frac{1}{2}\right)\geq1>\frac{1}{2}\,,
\end{equation}
which is saturated by coherent states $[\langle(\Delta X)^2\rangle=\langle(\Delta P)^2\rangle=1/2]$. The variance $\VAR{\textsc{q}}{y}=\overline{y^2}-\overline{y}^2$ is defined in terms of the Husimi-function average. In the phase-space language perspective, the action of the vacuum introduces an additive noise contribution to the covariance matrix $\dyadic{G}$,
\begin{equation}
\dyadic{G}_{\textsc{het}}=\dyadic{G}+\dfrac{\dyadic{1}}{2}\,.
\label{eq:Ghet_G_half}
\end{equation}
More generally, the switch from marginal sampling of the Wigner function to delocalized sampling of the Husimi function introduces higher-order noise to \emph{all} operator moment quantities (except for the first moments), a physical consequence of the Gauss--Weierstrass transform.

Since, any observable-parameter column, including a column of moments, can be expressed linearly in the Husimi function, we can define the unbiased estimators
\begin{align}
\widehat{\rvec{r}}_\textsc{het}&\,\widehat{=}\,\dfrac{1}{N}\sum^N_{j=1}\begin{pmatrix}
x_j\\
p_j
\end{pmatrix}\,,\nonumber\\
\widehat{\dyadic{G}}_{2,\textsc{het}}&\,\widehat{=}\,\dfrac{1}{N}\sum^{N}_{j=1}\begin{pmatrix}
x_j^2 & x_jp_j\\
x_jp_j & p_j^2
\end{pmatrix}
\end{align}
that estimate the true quantities. Since both estimators are essentially sums of independent random variables, we may invoke the central limit theorem in the limit of large $N$ and conclude that the respective sCRBs are attained \emph{asymptotically} with these estimators for given HET data. In contrast with HOM, there exist formal analytical expressions for the HET sCRB for any $M$.

\section{First-moment tomography}
\label{sec:first-mom}

First moments are the only exception where analytical comparisons of HOM and HET are possible for any $\rho$. A direct evaluation of $\FHOMone$ and its inverse trace gives the concise expression
\begin{equation}
\sCRB_\textsc{1,hom}=\Tr{\dyadic{G}}+2\sqrt{\DET{\dyadic{G}}}\,.
\label{eq:CRB_HOM_first}
\end{equation}
On the other hand, the sCRB for HET is given by
\begin{align}
\sCRB_\textsc{1,het}&=\VAR{\textsc{q}}{x}+\VAR{\textsc{q}}{p}\nonumber\\
&=\Tr{\dyadic{G}_\textsc{het}}=\Tr{\dyadic{G}}+1\,.
\label{eq:CRB_HET_first}
\end{align}

It then follows immediately from the HRS uncertainty relation pointed out in Sec.~\ref{subsec:mom_power} that $\sCRB_{1,\textsc{het}}\leq\sCRB_{1,\textsc{hom}}$ for \emph{any} $\rho$. This implies that for \emph{all} quantum states, the tomographic power of HET is always greater than that of HOM in locating the average phase-space center of the quantum state. For minimum-uncertainty states, both schemes stand on equal footing ($\sCRB_{1,\textsc{hom}}=\sCRB_{1,\textsc{het}}$). This general result concludes the brief section.

\section{Second-moment tomography}
\label{sec:sec-mom}

For second-moment tomography, general analytical expressions for the sCRB are unavaliable. As such, the subsequent analysis on the performances of HOM and HET is carried out on individual classes of quantum states. For this purpose, we define $\gamma_2=\sCRB_{2,\textsc{het}}/\sCRB_{2,\textsc{hom}}$ to be the performance ratio that indicates the relative tomographic power between the two sampling schemes.

\subsection{Gaussian states}
\label{subsec:second_mom_gauss}

A detailed discussion on Gaussian states of nonzero $\rvec{r}$ is given in \cite{Teo:2017aa}. For the purpose of illustrating some principles, we restrict the present survey to Gaussian states of zero $\rvec{r}$. The corresponding covariance matrix
\begin{equation}
\dyadic{G}\,\,\widehat{=}\,\,\dyadic{O}\,\dfrac{\mu}{2}\begin{pmatrix}
\lambda & 0\\
0 & \frac{1}{\lambda}
\end{pmatrix}\TP{\dyadic{O}}\qquad\left(\dyadic{O}\TP{\dyadic{O}}=\dyadic{1}\right)
\end{equation}
for these centralized Gaussian states is effectively parametrized by the temperature $\mu\geq1$ that measures the thermality or size of the Gaussian uncertainty ellipse, and squeezing strength $\lambda\geq1$. For minimum-uncertainty states ($\mu=1$), we recover $\DET{\dyadic{G}}=1/4$. The complete expressions for the sCRBs are
\begin{align}
\sCRB_{2,\textsc{hom}}&=2\,\Tr{\dyadic{G}}\left(\Tr{\dyadic{G}}+3\sqrt{\DET{\dyadic{G}}}\right)\,,\nonumber\\
\sCRB_{2,\textsc{het}}&=2\left(\Tr{\dyadic{G}_\textsc{het}}^2-\DET{\dyadic{G}_\textsc{het}}\right)\,.
\end{align}

To simplify matters, we shall investigate two specialized forms of $\dyadic{G}=\dyadic{G}_2$. Let us first consider the case where $\lambda=1$, that is the class of thermal states. Since $\dyadic{G}$ is now a multiple of the identity, we get
\begin{equation}
\gamma_2=\frac{3 (\mu +1)^2}{10 \mu ^2}
\end{equation}
for the second-moment performance ratio that is monotonically decreasing with $\mu$. For minimum-uncertainty states ($\mu=1$), $\gamma_2=6/5=1.2$, which is the maximum value. So HOM fares better than HET tomographically for Gaussian states near the vacuum state. As the Gaussian state becomes highly thermal ($\mu\rightarrow\infty$), we have $\gamma_2\rightarrow3/10$, which is the optimum value for \emph{all} centralized Gaussian states. The transition point occurs at $\mu=\frac{1}{7} \left(\sqrt{30}+3\right)\approx1.211$, which practically means that for almost all the thermal states, HET beats HOM, with higher significance for highly thermal states.

The other more interesting specialized case concerns the squeezed states ($\lambda>1$), where we shall just look at states with $\mu=\lambda$. These states approximately models strongly squeezed sources with excess noise associated to the anti-squeezed quadrature due to realistic experimental imperfections~\cite{Muller:2012ys}. In this case,
\begin{equation}
\gamma_2=\frac{\mu ^4+4 \mu ^2+7}{\left(\mu ^2+1\right) (\mu^2+3\mu+1)}\,.
\end{equation}
In the two extreme limits $\mu=1$ and $\mu\rightarrow\infty$, $\gamma_2$ takes the respective values $6/5$ and 1. This tells us that large squeezing ultimately reduces the tomographic benefits of HET over HOM, making the two techniques even for this specialized case. There exists an optimum $\gamma_2$ of $\approx0.652$ at $\mu\approx3.124$ (see Fig.~\ref{fig:Fig2}).
\begin{figure}[h!]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.7\columnwidth]{Fig2}
	\caption{\label{fig:Fig2}A plot of $\gamma_2$ against $\mu=\lambda$ for centralized Gaussian states.}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Fock states}
\label{subsec:second_mom_fock}

Fock states are important non-Gaussian quantum states that not only follow naturally from ideal conditions in photon-counting techniques, but are also crucial in the foundations of quantum mechanics. The covariance matrix for these states is always a multiple of the identity as they are spherically symmetric in phase space, so that we again arrive at the very simple formulas
\begin{align}
\sCRB_{2,\textsc{hom}}&=5\,(n^2+n+1)\,,\nonumber\\
\sCRB_{2,\textsc{het}}&=2\,(n+1)(n+3)\,,
\end{align}
and hence
\begin{equation}
\gamma_2=\dfrac{2\,(n+1)(n+3)}{5\,(n^2+n+1)}\,.
\end{equation}
For $n=0$, we evidently obtain the familiar answer $\gamma_2=6/5$ for the vacuum state, whereas for $n=1$, $\gamma_2=16/15$. In the limit of large $n$, $\gamma_2\rightarrow2/5$ (see Fig.~\ref{fig:Fig3}).
\begin{figure}[h!]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.7\columnwidth]{Fig3}
	\caption{\label{fig:Fig3}A plot of $\gamma_2$ against $n$ for Fock states. The dashed red line marks the asymptotic value.}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Even and odd coherent states}
\label{subsec:second_mom_eo}

Another popular class of non-Gaussian states in continuous-variable quantum information theory with interesting phase-space quantum interference features are the even and odd coherent states defined by the ket $\ket{\pm;\alpha_0}=(\ket{\alpha_0}\pm\ket{-\alpha_0})\mathcal{N}_\pm$ with the normalization constant $\mathcal{N}_\pm=1/\sqrt{2\pm2\,\E{-2|\alpha_0|^2}}$. Without loss of generality, we may take $\alpha_0\geq0$~\cite{Teo:2017aa}.

For these slightly more sophisticated pure states, the matrix $\dyadic{F}_{2,\textsc{hom}}$ takes the form
\begin{align}
\dyadic{F}_{2,\textsc{hom}}&=\int_{(\pi)}\dfrac{\D\vartheta}{\pi}\,\dfrac{\dyadic{M}_\vartheta}{m_\pm+l\cos(2\vartheta)}\quad (l=2\alpha_0^2<m_\pm)\,,\nonumber\\
m_\pm&=\dfrac{1}{2}+2\alpha_0^2\left[\tanh\!\left(\alpha_0^2\right)\right]^{\pm1}\pm\dfrac{4\alpha_0^4}{\left(\E{\alpha_0^2}\pm\E{-\alpha_0^2}\right)^2}\,,
\end{align}
which leads to
\begin{equation}
\sCRB_{2,\textsc{hom}}=6m_\pm+4\sqrt{m_\pm^2-l^2}\,.
\label{eq:CRB_HOM_oe}
\end{equation}
The Husimi averaging of phase-space moments separately gives the sCRB
\begin{equation}
\sCRB_{2,\textsc{het}}=6+12\alpha_0^2\left[\tanh\!\left(\alpha_0^2\right)\right]^{\pm1}\pm\dfrac{8\alpha_0^4}{\left(\E{\alpha_0^2}\pm\E{-\alpha_0^2}\right)^2}\,.
\label{eq:CRB_HET_oe}
\end{equation}

Although the expression for $\gamma_2$ is now a nontrivial function of $\alpha_0$, the general behavior is similar to that of the Gaussian states (see Fig.~\ref{fig:Fig4}). Firstly, the respective limiting cases ($\alpha_0=0$) for the even and odd states coincide with the $n=0$ (6/5) and $n=1$ (16/15) Fock states, as they should be. For the even coherent states, the unit-$\gamma_2$ crossover occurs at $\alpha_0\approx0.693$, whereas for the odd coherent states, this happens at $\alpha_0\approx1.128$. Secondly, for each type of states, $\gamma_2$ possesses a stationary global minimum. For the even states, the minimum value of $\gamma_{2,\text{min}}=0.77096$ is attained at $\alpha_0=1.148\approx1$. For the odd states, this optimum value is $\gamma_{2,\text{min}}=0.86796$ and is achieved with $\alpha_0=1.980\approx2$.

\begin{figure}[h!]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.7\columnwidth]{Fig4}
	\caption{\label{fig:Fig4}A plot of $\gamma_2$ against $\alpha_0$ for both the even (blue) and odd (yellow) coherent states. The two curves have distinct values at $\alpha_0=0$.}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Displaced Fock and Photon-added coherent states}
\label{subsec:second_mom_dispfock_padd}

The displaced Fock states and the ``cousin'' states, namely the photon-added coherent states that differ only by a swap in the order of displacement and squeezing operations, represent two important classes that constitute the building blocks for understanding quasi-distributions~\cite{Wallentowitz:1996qo,Paris:1996do,Banaszek:1999qn} and quantum bosonic systems~\cite{Parigi:2004qc,Kim:2008bc,Zavatta:2009aa}.

The presence of two parameters for these states influences the complexity of the sCRB expressions, notably for the photon-added coherent states where no easy closed-form formulas are available. Detailed discussions for these two states have been done \cite{Teo:2017aa}. For this subsection, we shall consolidate the main physical results.

The two classes of states share common traits that are inherited from Fock states and Gaussian states. For $m>1$, $\gamma_2<1$ for all values of $\alpha_0$. Exceptions appear for $m=0,1$, where beyond certain threshold value of $\alpha_0$ that varies for different classes of states and $m$ value $\gamma_2$ transits from positive to negative values. For each $m$ value, there is a minimum stationary point for $\gamma_2$ and the functional dependence of the stationary point with $m$ can be systematically derived for the displaced Fock states, whereas for the photon-added coherent states, it is possible to perform curve fitting to deduce the asymptotic behavior for this stationary point.

\section{Two-mode states}
\label{sec:two-mode}

\subsection{General theory}

We begin the generalization of all previous discussions to multi-mode sources by first looking at two-mode states. Their first-moment column
\begin{equation}
\rvec{r}=\begin{pmatrix}
\rvec{r}_1\\
\rvec{r}_2
\end{pmatrix}\,,\quad\rvec{r}_l\,\widehat{=}\begin{pmatrix}
\langle X_l\rangle\\
\langle P_l\rangle
\end{pmatrix}\,,
\end{equation}
collects the two sets of single-mode first-moment expectation values, and their second-moment matrix,
\begin{align}
\dyadic{G}_2&=\begin{pmatrix}
\dyadic{A}_1 & \dyadic{A}_{12}\\
\TP{\dyadic{A}}_{12} & \dyadic{A}_2
\end{pmatrix}\geq-\dfrac{\I}{2}\begin{pmatrix}
\dyadic{\Omega} & \dyadic{0}\\
\dyadic{0} & \dyadic{\Omega}
\end{pmatrix}\,,\nonumber\\
\quad\dyadic{A}_l&\,\widehat{=}\begin{pmatrix}
\langle X^2_l\rangle & \!\!\!\!\!\!\frac{1}{2}\langle \{X_l,P_l\}\rangle\\
\frac{1}{2}\langle \{X_l,P_l\}\rangle & \langle P^2_l\rangle
\end{pmatrix}\,,\,\,\dyadic{A}_{12}\,\widehat{=}\begin{pmatrix}
\langle X_1X_2\rangle & \langle X_1P_2\rangle\\
\langle X_2P_1\rangle & \langle P_1P_2\rangle
\end{pmatrix}\,,
\end{align}
contains the positive single-mode terms $\dyadic{A}_l$s that separately obey the HRS inequality and the cross-mode term $\dyadic{A}_{12}$ that accounts for all two-mode correlations. We shall consider a natural situation where the five components $\rvec{r}_1$, $\rvec{r}_2$, $\dyadic{A}_1$, $\dyadic{A}_2$ and $\dyadic{A}_{12}$ are independently reconstructed with equal investments of the complete measurement data. Then, the sCRBs are just sums of those of the relevant independent components:
\begin{align}
\sCRB_{1}&=\sCRB^{(1)}_{1}+\sCRB^{(2)}_{1}\\
\sCRB_{2}&=\sCRB^{(1)}_{2}+\sCRB^{(2)}_{2}+\sCRB^{(12)}_{2}\,.
\end{align}

There are many ways to perform parameter reconstruction on two-mode sources. Here, we are interested in the straightforward extension from single- to two-mode measurement schemes through the tensor-product structure, where each optical mode is probed by the same scheme. After going through lengthy but straightforward statistical calculations, we would arrive at the expressions for the Fisher matrices with the product-HOM scheme. They are
\begin{align}
{\dyadic{F}_{m,\textsc{hom}}}^{(l)}=N\int_{(\pi)}\dfrac{\D\vartheta_l}{\pi}\dfrac{\dyadic{M}_{\vartheta_l}}{\left< X_{l,\vartheta_l}^{2m}\right>-\left< X_{l,\vartheta_l}^m\right>^2}
\end{align}
for the single-mode sectors with $l,m=1,2$, and
\begin{align}
{\FHOMtwo}^{(12)}=N\int_{(\pi)}\dfrac{\D\vartheta_1}{\pi}\int_{(\pi)}\dfrac{\D\vartheta_2}{\pi}\dfrac{\dyadic{m}_{\vartheta_1}\!\otimes\,\dyadic{m}_{\vartheta_2}}{\left< X_{1,\vartheta_1}^2X_{2,\vartheta_2}^2\right>-\left< X_{1,\vartheta_1}X_{2,\vartheta_2}\right>^2}
\end{align}
for the cross-mode sector. The formulas for the optimal estimators that reache the sCRBs defined by these Fisher matrix components can be derived accordingly.

The product-HET technique performs a delocalized sampling of the two-mode Husimi function. A simple adaptation of the arguments for the single-mode case in Sec.~\ref{subsec:het} allows us to conclude that the following estimators
\begin{equation}
\widehat{\rvec{r}}=\dfrac{1}{N}\sum^N_{j=1}\begin{pmatrix}
\widehat{\rvec{r}}_{1,j}\\
\widehat{\rvec{r}}_{2,j}
\end{pmatrix}\,,\quad\widehat{\rvec{r}}_{l,j}\,\widehat{=}\begin{pmatrix}
x_{l,j}\\
p_{l,j}
\end{pmatrix}\,,
\end{equation}
and
\begin{align}
\widehat{\dyadic{G}}_{2,\textsc{het}}&=\dfrac{1}{N}\sum^N_{j=1}\begin{pmatrix}
\widehat{\dyadic{A}}_{1,j} & \widehat{\dyadic{A}}_{12,j}\\
\TP{\widehat{\dyadic{A}}}_{12,j} & \widehat{\dyadic{A}}_{2,j}
\end{pmatrix}\,,\nonumber\\
\widehat{\dyadic{A}}_{l,j}&\,\widehat{=}\begin{pmatrix}
x^2_{l,j} & \!\!x_{l,j}p_{l,j}\\
x_{l,j}p_{l,j} & p^2_{l,j}
\end{pmatrix}\,,\,\,\widehat{\dyadic{A}}_{12,j}\,\widehat{=}\begin{pmatrix}
x_{1,j}x_{2,j} & x_{1,j}p_{2,j}\\
x_{2,j}p_{1,j} & p_{1,j}p_{2,j}
\end{pmatrix}\,,
\end{align}
are asymptotically optimal for $\rvec{r}$ and $\dyadic{G}_2$ in the limit of large $N$. With these estimators, the HET sCRB may be derived as
\begin{align}
\sCRB_{1,\textsc{het}}=&\,\VAR{\textsc{q}}{x_1}+\VAR{\textsc{q}}{p_1}+\VAR{\textsc{q}}{x_2}+\VAR{\textsc{q}}{p_2}\,,\nonumber\\
\sCRB_{2,\textsc{het}}=&\,\VAR{\textsc{q}}{x^2_1}+\VAR{\textsc{q}}{p^2_1}+2\VAR{\textsc{q}}{x_1p_1}\nonumber\\
&\,+\VAR{\textsc{q}}{x^2_2}+\VAR{\textsc{q}}{p^2_2}+2\VAR{\textsc{q}}{x_2p_2}\nonumber\\
&\,+2\VAR{\textsc{q}}{x_1x_2}+2\VAR{\textsc{q}}{x_1p_2}\nonumber\\
&\,+2\VAR{\textsc{q}}{x_2p_1}+2\VAR{\textsc{q}}{p_1p_2}\,,
\end{align}
where now $\textsc{q}$ refers to the two-mode Husimi function.

\subsection{First-moment tomography}

Just like the single-mode case, $\sCRB_{1,\textsc{hom}}$ takes the closed-form expression
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{H}_{1,\textsc{hom}}=\Tr{\dyadic{G}^{(1)}+\dyadic{G}^{(2)}}+2\left(\sqrt{\DET{\dyadic{G}^{(1)}}}+\sqrt{\DET{\dyadic{G}^{(2)}}}\right)
\end{equation}
for any two-mode $\rho$, where
\begin{equation}
\dyadic{G}^{(l)}\,\widehat{=}\begin{pmatrix}
\langle\left(\Delta X_{l}\right)^2\rangle & \frac{1}{2}\left<\left\{\Delta X_{l},\Delta P_{l}\right\}\right>\\
\frac{1}{2}\left<\left\{\Delta X_{l},\Delta P_{l}\right\}\right> & \langle\left(\Delta P_{l}\right)^2\rangle
\end{pmatrix}\,.
\end{equation}

Since $\dyadic{G}^{(l)}$ also obeys the HRS uncertainty relation $\DET{\dyadic{G}^{(l)}}\geq1/4$, this again implies the universal inequality $\sCRB_{1,\textsc{hom}}\geq\sCRB_{1,\textsc{het}}$. Equality holds when both the marginalized $\dyadic{G}^{(1)}$ and $\dyadic{G}^{(2)}$ are respectively the covariance matrices of single-mode minimum-uncertainty states.

\subsection{Second-moment tomography---two-mode Fock states}

As the class of two-mode Fock states ($\ket{n_1}\ket{n_2}$) are product states, their two-mode expectation values are evidently products of single-mode expectation values. This allows us to easily obtain
\begin{align}
\sCRB_{2,\textsc{hom}}&=5(n^2_1+n^2_2)+21(n_1+n_2)+18\,,\nonumber\\
\sCRB_{2,\textsc{het}}&=2(n^2_1+n^2_2)+16(n_1+n_2)+20\,.
\end{align}
It turns out that except for $\ket{0}\ket{0}$ ($n_1=n_2=0$) for which we have $\gamma_2=10/9>1$, product-HET still beats product-HOM for all other values of $n_1$ and $n_2$. The performance ratio $\gamma_2$ approaches the minimum value of 2/7 in the limit $n_1=n_2\rightarrow\infty$.

\subsection{Second-moment tomography---two-mode squeezed vacuum states}

The two-mode squeezed vacuum state of nonnegative squeezing parameter $\zeta\geq0$ is defined by
\begin{equation}
\ket{\textsc{sqv}}=\dfrac{1}{\cosh(\zeta)}\sum^\infty_{n=0}\ket{nn}\left[\tanh(\zeta)\right]^n\,.
\end{equation}
This two-mode entangled state is an important resource for many applications in continuous-variable quantum information theory~\cite{vLoock:1999aa,Ban:1999dc,Huang:2015aa,Ruo-Berchera:2015ci}.

We emphasize that although all first moments for this entangled state are zero, the joint first moments are not. More specifically, $\left<X_{1,\vartheta_1}X_{2,\vartheta_2}\right>=\sinh(\zeta)\,\cosh(\zeta)\,\cos(\vartheta_1+\vartheta_2)$ and $\overline{x_1x_2}=\overline{p_1p_2}=\sinh(\zeta)\cosh(\zeta)$. For the product-HOM scheme, the Fisher components can be calculated with the results
\begin{align}
\left<X^4_{l,\vartheta_l}\right>-\left<X^2_{l,\vartheta_l}\right>^2&=\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\cosh(2\zeta)\right]^2\,,\nonumber\\
\left<X^2_{1,\vartheta_1}X^2_{2,\vartheta_2}\right>-\left<X_{1,\vartheta_1}X_{2,\vartheta_2}\right>^2&=a\,\cos(2\vartheta_1+2\vartheta_2)+b\,,
\end{align}
where the coefficients $a=\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\sinh(2\zeta)\right]^2$ and $b=\dfrac{1}{4}\left[1+3\cosh(4\zeta)\right]$. For these states, the second-moment sCRBs still have closed-form expressions:
\begin{align}
\sCRB_{2,\textsc{hom}}&=\dfrac{11}{2}+\dfrac{13}{2}\cosh(4\zeta)+6\,\cosh(2\zeta)\sqrt{\cosh(4\zeta)}\nonumber\\
\sCRB_{2,\textsc{het}}&=4\left[\cosh(\zeta)\right]^2\left[2+3\cosh(2\zeta)\right]\,.
\end{align}
When $\zeta=0$, the sCRBs give the correct limiting values for the two-mode vacuum state. Lastly, we see that $\gamma_2$ monotonically decreases from $\gamma_2\Big|_{\zeta=0}=10/9$ all the way to the asymptotically optimum value $\gamma_{2,\text{min}}=6/(13+6\sqrt{2})\approx0.27926$. The transition point ($\gamma_2=1$) occurs at $\zeta\approx0.2063$.

\section{Conclusion}

When investigating the tomographic powers of different measurement schemes, care must be taken to avoid erroneous conclusions based on unfair or unsystematic comparisons. In this article, we analyzed the performances of balanced homodyne and heterodyne sampling schemes by considering a properly scaled and optimized accuracy measure that is well-known in statistics. We applied this study to various quantum states in moment tomography and showed that heterodyning can give significantly better reconstruction accuracies than balanced homodyning, which contradicts fabled tales of how the additional vacuum is overwhelmingly detrimental in parameter estimation problems.

\section*{Acknowledgments}

We acknowledge
financial support from the BK21 Plus Program (21A20131111123) funded by the Ministry of Education (MOE, Korea) and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), the NRF grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (Grant No. 2010-0018295), the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Institutional Program (Project No. 2E26680-16-P025), the European Research Council (Advanced Grant PACART), the Spanish MINECO (Grant FIS2015-67963-P), the Grant Agency of
the Czech Republic (Grant No. 15-03194S), and the IGA Project of the
Palack{\'y} University (Grant No. IGA PrF 2016-005).

\bibliographystyle{ws-ijqi}
\input{Teo_Torino_2017.bbl}

\end{document}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
by Cherese Jackson
in Featured, Headlines, Lifestyle, US News
A 61-year-old Florida man, Michael Haugabook, married his ex-girlfriend's 18-year-old daughter. Word of the union surfaced online through a tweet claiming Haugabook started dating Deja after he dated her mother Davina Evans first. Michael, a father with multiple children, was in Deja's life not long after she was born. News of his wedding has gone viral, with people outraged after learning his age and that he was once considered her godfather.
Social media immediately labeled him a predator after he married the teen as soon as she turned 18. Deja is also Michael's goddaughter, and the two shared family history prior to their controversial nuptials. Old photos show Michael holding her when she was just a toddler, further hinting at the family dynamic they once shared.
When Deja was 17, she admitted to dating, but kept his identity secret until after her 18th birthday. After recently getting married, Deja started trending on social media with claims her husband raised and groomed her to be his wife. In receipts shared on Michael's old Facebook page, a post shows him referring to Davina as his goddaughter with Deja's mother thanking him and saying "love you babes."
Word of the union surfaced online through a tweet. While the tweet claimed Michael was in his 40s, other online platforms reveal a document from Michael's 2014 arrest, which shows he was 54 at the time, meaning he is currently 61. The tweet reads:
You guyssss!!! This girl is 18 and she just married her Godfather who used to date her mom. He's 46 or 47. They have a 2-year-old daughter and he has 3 other kids. He's been 'dating' and grooming her since she was 14. I'm sick to my stomach.
Deja has since released a statement in response to the public outcry against Michael and defended her godfather, or now, husband. She believes everyone is simply jealous of the life she lives while other girls her age usually chase after boys who are sleeping around. The 18-year-old added:
People need to stop calling her husband a predator and mind their business because he's her predator, not theirs. I am grown despite being 18 and it was my decision to marry an older man because younger men don't know what they want, and they go from one woman to another.
Meanwhile, Deja's mother has called both out on social media for what she termed betrayal. She was Michael Haugabook's lover, and now, her daughter is married to the man she used to date. Davina also stated that Michael's children, who used to view Deja as their cousin and godsister, are now confused and do not know whether to call her their cousin, godsister, or stepmother.
Michael took to social media to respond to critics by saying:
It looks like I'm the only n—a in this town having married a young woman but since it's me they gotta have something to talk about. Looks like you little girls are jealous of my wife but keep on promoting us. I love it.
Michael and Deyjah explained on Facebook that they will be "raising" their four children together. It is unclear how many of the children are Deja's (biologically), and if any are biologically both hers and Michael's. Under Florida law, Deja was legally unable to consent to sexual relations with an adult male until she turned 18.
Last weekend, Mike Haugabook, 61, married Deja Evans in a private ceremony in Florida. The bride turned 18 last week. In Florida, where the couple lives, the legal age for consent/adulthood is 18. While this entire act appears immoral, it is not illegal.
By Cherese Jackson (Virginia)
Black Enterprise: 61-Year-Old Florida Man Faces Backlash For Marrying His 18-year-old Goddaughter
Adom Online: Outrage as 61-year-old man dumps wife for her 18-year-old daughter
Twitter: Somebody's Fine Mama
Top / Featured Images Courtesy of Twitter: @bombshellcole
Inside Image Courtesy of Twitter: @HelloKennedi
Tags: 61featured
COVID-19 Vaccine Mandate Met With Defiance by Chicago Employees
Donald Trump Admires Dictators and Tyrants but Attacks Patriots and Heroes
Cherese Jackson


text:
ZnO Materials as Effective Anodes for the Photoelectrochemical Regeneration of Enzymatically Active NAD
CARMINNA SOPHIA OTTONE MELIS, Diego Pugliese, Marco Laurenti, Simelys Hernández, Valentina Cauda, PAULA CAROLINA GREZ MORENO, Lorena Wilson
This work reports the study of ZnO-based anodes for the photoelectrochemical regeneration of the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The latter is the most important coenzyme for dehydrogenases. However, the high costs of NAD+ limit the use of such enzymes at the industrial level. The influence of the ZnO morphologies (flower-like, porous film, and nanowires), showing different surface area and crystallinity, was studied. The detection of diluted solutions (0.1 mM) of the reduced form of the coenzyme (NADH) was accomplished by the flower-like and the porous films, whereas concentrations greater than 20 mM were needed for the detection of NADH with nanowire-shaped ZnO-based electrodes. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO was reduced at increasing concentrations of NAD+ because part of the ultraviolet irradiation was absorbed by the coenzyme, reducing the photons available for the ZnO material. The higher electrochemical surface area of the flower-like film makes it suitable for the regeneration reaction. The illumination of the electrodes led to a significant increase on the NAD+ regeneration with respect to both the electrochemical oxidation in dark and the only photochemical reaction. The tests with formate dehydrogenase demonstrated that 94% of the regenerated NAD+ was enzymatically active.
ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c20630
Published - 10 Mar 2021
bioelectrochemistry
dehydrogenases
NAD+ regeneration
photocatalysis
10.1021/acsami.0c20630
Dive into the research topics of 'ZnO Materials as Effective Anodes for the Photoelectrochemical Regeneration of Enzymatically Active NAD'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Coenzymes Engineering & Materials Science 100%
Coenzyme Chemistry 56%
Oxidoreductases Engineering & Materials Science 53%
Anodes Engineering & Materials Science 50%
Nanowires Engineering & Materials Science 43%
Anode Chemistry 38%
Photochemical reactions Engineering & Materials Science 30%
Photocatalytic activity Engineering & Materials Science 29%
OTTONE MELIS, CARMINNA. SOPHIA., Pugliese, D., Laurenti, M., Hernández, S., Cauda, V., GREZ MORENO, PAULA. CAROLINA., & Wilson, L. (2021). ZnO Materials as Effective Anodes for the Photoelectrochemical Regeneration of Enzymatically Active NAD. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 13(9), 10719-10727. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c20630
OTTONE MELIS, CARMINNA SOPHIA ; Pugliese, Diego ; Laurenti, Marco et al. / ZnO Materials as Effective Anodes for the Photoelectrochemical Regeneration of Enzymatically Active NAD. In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. 2021 ; Vol. 13, No. 9. pp. 10719-10727.
@article{b4421260a0664902960180714ff19813,
title = "ZnO Materials as Effective Anodes for the Photoelectrochemical Regeneration of Enzymatically Active NAD",
abstract = "This work reports the study of ZnO-based anodes for the photoelectrochemical regeneration of the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The latter is the most important coenzyme for dehydrogenases. However, the high costs of NAD+ limit the use of such enzymes at the industrial level. The influence of the ZnO morphologies (flower-like, porous film, and nanowires), showing different surface area and crystallinity, was studied. The detection of diluted solutions (0.1 mM) of the reduced form of the coenzyme (NADH) was accomplished by the flower-like and the porous films, whereas concentrations greater than 20 mM were needed for the detection of NADH with nanowire-shaped ZnO-based electrodes. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO was reduced at increasing concentrations of NAD+ because part of the ultraviolet irradiation was absorbed by the coenzyme, reducing the photons available for the ZnO material. The higher electrochemical surface area of the flower-like film makes it suitable for the regeneration reaction. The illumination of the electrodes led to a significant increase on the NAD+ regeneration with respect to both the electrochemical oxidation in dark and the only photochemical reaction. The tests with formate dehydrogenase demonstrated that 94% of the regenerated NAD+ was enzymatically active.",
keywords = "bioelectrochemistry, dehydrogenases, NAD+ regeneration, nanostructures, photocatalysis, zinc oxide",
author = "{OTTONE MELIS}, {CARMINNA SOPHIA} and Diego Pugliese and Marco Laurenti and Simelys Hern{\'a}ndez and Valentina Cauda and {GREZ MORENO}, {PAULA CAROLINA} and Lorena Wilson",
note = "Copyright: This record is sourced from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine",
doi = "10.1021/acsami.0c20630",
journal = "ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces",
OTTONE MELIS, CARMINNASOPHIA, Pugliese, D, Laurenti, M, Hernández, S, Cauda, V, GREZ MORENO, PAULACAROLINA & Wilson, L 2021, 'ZnO Materials as Effective Anodes for the Photoelectrochemical Regeneration of Enzymatically Active NAD', ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 10719-10727. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c20630
ZnO Materials as Effective Anodes for the Photoelectrochemical Regeneration of Enzymatically Active NAD. / OTTONE MELIS, CARMINNA SOPHIA; Pugliese, Diego; Laurenti, Marco et al.
In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, Vol. 13, No. 9, 10.03.2021, p. 10719-10727.
T1 - ZnO Materials as Effective Anodes for the Photoelectrochemical Regeneration of Enzymatically Active NAD
AU - OTTONE MELIS, CARMINNA SOPHIA
AU - Pugliese, Diego
AU - Laurenti, Marco
AU - Hernández, Simelys
AU - Cauda, Valentina
AU - GREZ MORENO, PAULA CAROLINA
AU - Wilson, Lorena
N1 - Copyright: This record is sourced from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
N2 - This work reports the study of ZnO-based anodes for the photoelectrochemical regeneration of the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The latter is the most important coenzyme for dehydrogenases. However, the high costs of NAD+ limit the use of such enzymes at the industrial level. The influence of the ZnO morphologies (flower-like, porous film, and nanowires), showing different surface area and crystallinity, was studied. The detection of diluted solutions (0.1 mM) of the reduced form of the coenzyme (NADH) was accomplished by the flower-like and the porous films, whereas concentrations greater than 20 mM were needed for the detection of NADH with nanowire-shaped ZnO-based electrodes. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO was reduced at increasing concentrations of NAD+ because part of the ultraviolet irradiation was absorbed by the coenzyme, reducing the photons available for the ZnO material. The higher electrochemical surface area of the flower-like film makes it suitable for the regeneration reaction. The illumination of the electrodes led to a significant increase on the NAD+ regeneration with respect to both the electrochemical oxidation in dark and the only photochemical reaction. The tests with formate dehydrogenase demonstrated that 94% of the regenerated NAD+ was enzymatically active.
AB - This work reports the study of ZnO-based anodes for the photoelectrochemical regeneration of the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The latter is the most important coenzyme for dehydrogenases. However, the high costs of NAD+ limit the use of such enzymes at the industrial level. The influence of the ZnO morphologies (flower-like, porous film, and nanowires), showing different surface area and crystallinity, was studied. The detection of diluted solutions (0.1 mM) of the reduced form of the coenzyme (NADH) was accomplished by the flower-like and the porous films, whereas concentrations greater than 20 mM were needed for the detection of NADH with nanowire-shaped ZnO-based electrodes. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO was reduced at increasing concentrations of NAD+ because part of the ultraviolet irradiation was absorbed by the coenzyme, reducing the photons available for the ZnO material. The higher electrochemical surface area of the flower-like film makes it suitable for the regeneration reaction. The illumination of the electrodes led to a significant increase on the NAD+ regeneration with respect to both the electrochemical oxidation in dark and the only photochemical reaction. The tests with formate dehydrogenase demonstrated that 94% of the regenerated NAD+ was enzymatically active.
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U2 - 10.1021/acsami.0c20630
DO - 10.1021/acsami.0c20630
JO - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
JF - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
OTTONE MELIS CARMINNASOPHIA, Pugliese D, Laurenti M, Hernández S, Cauda V, GREZ MORENO PAULACAROLINA et al. ZnO Materials as Effective Anodes for the Photoelectrochemical Regeneration of Enzymatically Active NAD. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. 2021 Mar 10;13(9):10719-10727. doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c20630


UNISON represents 1.4 million members providing services to the public whether employed in the public, private or voluntary sectors.
Unison is organised into 12 regions across the UK.
Branch members of the affiliated political fund can decide to affiliate to CLPs. UNISON regional offices manage the funds, CDPs and affiliations. Further Information: Keith Birch or regional political officers.


text:
The F Market & Wharves line is one of several light rail lines in San Francisco, California. Unlike most other lines in the system, the F line runs as a heritage streetcar service, almost exclusively using historic equipment both from San Francisco's retired fleet as well as from cities around the world (although buses are added during peak commute hours). While the F line is operated by the San Francisco Municipal Railway (Muni), its operation is supported by Market Street Railway, a nonprofit organization of streetcar enthusiasts which raises funds and helps to restore vintage streetcars.

Introduced as the F Market in 1983, in the first San Francisco Historic Trolley Festival, the service originally operated between the Castro District and the Transbay Terminal, continuing to do so after being launched as a full-time, year-round service in 1995.  In March 2000, it was extended at its eastern end to the Embarcadero and northwards along that street to Fisherman's Wharf, and a short section of the route between Market Street and the Transbay Terminal was discontinued.

Despite its heritage status, the F Market & Wharves line is an integral part of Muni's intermodal urban transport network, operating at frequent intervals for 20 hours a day, seven days a week. It carries local commuters and tourists alike, linking residential, business and leisure oriented areas of the city. Unlike the San Francisco cable car system, the cheaper standard Muni fare system applies.

History

Previous F-Line

Cable car operations along Market Street began in 1888. Service was electrified in 1906.

In 1915, the San Francisco Municipal Railway started the F-Stockton route, which ran from Laguna (later Scott) and Chestnut Streets in the Marina down Stockton Street to 4th and Market Streets near Union Square, later extended to the Southern Pacific Depot (currently the Caltrain Depot) in 1947. The streetcar line was discontinued in 1951 and was replaced by the 30 Stockton route, which still runs today.

The F-line designation was therefore available for use by the current line, although that service is over a completely different route from the F-line of 1915 to 1951.

Previous lines on Market Street

Market Street is a major transit artery for the city of San Francisco, and has carried in turn horse-drawn streetcars, cable cars and electric streetcars. In the 1960s construction began on the Market Street subway, which would carry BART's trains on its lower level. All streetcar lines currently operating in the subway previously ran on the surface of Market Street, and were eventually diverted into the upper level of the tunnel. This diversion, together with the provision of new light rail cars, resulted in today's Muni Metro system.

The diversion of the Market Street streetcar lines into tunnel and the replacement of the existing streetcars with new light rail cars was completed by November 1982. However, the street trackage on Market Street was retained, and many of the old streetcars were still in storage.

Historic trolley festivals

In 1982, San Francisco's cable car lines were shut down for almost two years to allow for a major rebuild. Temporary weekend historic streetcar service started on July 3, 1982 as part of 4th of July celebrations and ran until September of that year. To provide a more regular alternative tourist attraction during this period, the San Francisco Historic Trolley Festivals began in 1983. These summertime operations of vintage streetcars on Market Street were a joint project of the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce and Muni.

The trolley festival route went from the Transbay Terminal at First and Mission Streets to Market, then up the retained Market Street tracks to Duboce Avenue. From there, it followed a 'temporary' streetcar detour built in the 1970s to bypass subway construction under Market: Duboce, Church Street, and 17th Street to Castro.

F-Market Line

The Trolley Festival proved so successful it was repeated every year until 1987. In that year, preparation began for the introduction of a permanent F line. After that year's festival finished, Muni replaced the old Market Street tracks with new ones, restoring tracks to upper Market Street and recreating a line to Castro. Different types of vintage streetcars were evaluated to provide the backbone of the F-line fleet, resulting in the decision to use the PCC car, due in part to its historic San Francisco transit use. Fourteen such cars were acquired second-hand from Philadelphia to add to three of Muni's own retired double-ended PCCs.

On September 1, 1995, the F line opened with a parade of PCC cars, painted to represent some of the two dozen North American cities that this type of streetcar once served. Ridership exceeded expectations and the 8-Market trolleybus route that it had mostly replaced was completely discontinued on December 29, 1995. At that point in history, this was a rare instance in which a streetcar replaced a bus line in operation, rather than the other way around. The need for extra cars resulted in the acquisition of ten Peter Witt-style cars then just being retired in the city of Milan, Italy. These cars were built in the 1920s to a design once common in North American cities, and their sister cars are still widely used on the Milan tramway network.

Extension on the Embarcadero

The Embarcadero is the eastern waterfront roadway of San Francisco, along San Francisco Bay. At one time busy with port and ferry related traffic, it fell into decline as freight transferred to the container terminals of Oakland and the Bay Bridge replaced the ferries. In the 1960s the elevated Embarcadero Freeway was built above, dividing the city from the bay, but was condemned and demolished after the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Proposals for streetcar service along The Embarcadero were put forward as early as 1974, and historic streetcar service along The Embarcadero was first provided during the 1987 Trolley Festival, using existing Belt Railroad tracks on The Embarcadero and towed diesel generators to provide power.

With the freeway demolished, the waterfront started to be redeveloped for leisure and tourist activities, similar to Fisherman's Wharf and Pier 39 at the northern end of the waterfront. To support this redevelopment, it was decided to rebuild the Embarcadero as a tree-lined boulevard with streetcar tracks in the median. The section north of Market Street was to be served by an extension of the F line.
Tracks were extended on the northern end of Market to connect with the Embarcadero tracks. On March 4, 2000, service on the F line began operating along the new extension to Fisherman's Wharf, replacing bus route 32. Service on the short section of the F line between Market Street and the Transbay Terminal was discontinued at that time. The last F-line trip departed from the Transbay Terminal at 12:55 a.m. on the night of March 3, and the track was abandoned in August 2000, the final use being a "farewell" trip by 1916-built work car C1 on August 18, with track removal beginning soon afterwards.

A month after the opening of the extension, Muni dedicated a car to Herb Caen, the noted columnist for the San Francisco Chronicle perhaps most famous for coining the phrase Baghdad by the Bay to describe The City. The car, Streetcar No. 130, which was originally delivered in 1914, contains wood paneling and is decorated with many quotes from Caen.

Service was suspended in March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. It resumed on May 15, 2021, with limited hours; full hours resumed on June 26.

Better Market Street
The Better Market Street project, a streetscape project launched in the late 2000s to improve Market Street, has a transit component that aims to improve the operations of the F Line. The project would consolidate and eliminate some stops on Market Street and would also construct a new turn-around loop for the F Line at McAllister and 7th Streets. The loop would allow increased service between Fisherman's Wharf and the Civic Center area, which is the section of the line with the highest ridership. Average headways under the service improvement would be 5 minutes instead of the current 7.5-minute scheduled headways.

In 2022, the city was forced to return a $15-million federal grant when it was revealed that they did not expect any construction of the loop to begin before the federally-mandated deadline of September 2025. Construction was shelved indefinitely.

Proposed extension

Muni completed a technical feasibility study to extend the F-Line from the vicinity of the existing Jones Street terminal with the assistance of the National Park Service in December 2004. The extended line would extend westward alongside the San Francisco Maritime Museum and Aquatic Park and then through the historic (1914) but disused single-track Fort Mason Tunnel, formerly owned by the State Belt Railroad.

An Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the extension, again led by the National Park Service, commenced in May 2006, resulting in:
 a draft conceptual engineering report, issued in January 2009
 a proposed transit operations plan, issued in July 2009
 a draft EIS, issued in March 2011
 the Final EIS, issued in February 2012

The final document classified areas west of the Fort Mason Tunnel as having "inadequate regional transit access...limited transportation options for transit-dependent residents...[and] infrastructure constraints impacting effectiveness and operations of Fort Mason Center." The Final EIS named a double-tracked extension along Beach Street, a jog north to Aquatic Park, then across Van Ness Avenue to single-tracked service through a retrofitted Fort Mason Tunnel and to a terminus in the Fort Mason Center parking lot as the "preferred alternative".

Car fleet

Muni owns a large selection of equipment for use on the F line, although not all of them are in service at the same time. The car fleet includes four sub-fleets: PCC streetcars, Peter Witt streetcars, pre-PCC veteran streetcars from San Francisco, and a diverse collection of 10 streetcars and trams from various overseas operators.

The line is principally operated by a mixture of the PCC and Peter Witt cars, although other more unusual or historic cars are often in service (including the 913 and 952, iconic streetcars named Desire) since they are from New Orleans. The modern LRVs used by Muni Metro cannot be used on F Market & Wharves tracks because the overhead line is not compatible with pantograph operation (though the older streetcars can operate on most surface sections of the Muni Metro system).

PCC fleet

A fleet of PCC streetcars from San Francisco, Philadelphia, and Newark, built between 1946 and 1948, operate on the line. , MUNI was operating 27 of these cars, restored to various states of service. Among the restored cars in service, three are original San Francisco double-ended PCC cars. Another 16 cars are single-ended cars acquired from SEPTA in Philadelphia in 1992 (which continues to operate another 18 cars today, retrofitted for ADA compliance), while the remaining 11 cars are single-ended cars acquired from New Jersey Transit in Newark in 2002 (built originally for Minneapolis-St. Paul and acquired from that system in 1953).

MUNI has another 30 unrestored PCC cars in long-term storage. The unrestored cars include five additional San Francisco double-ended cars, 10 San Francisco single-ended cars, 12 single-ended cars acquired from St. Louis in 1957, two single-ended cars from Philadelphia, and two single-ended cars from Pittsburgh. A further previously restored car from Philadelphia was written off after a traffic accident in 2003.

Many of the restored cars are painted in the color schemes of prominent past and present PCC streetcar operators, including Muni itself and other transit systems.

Peter Witt fleet

Muni operates a fleet of Peter Witt streetcars on the line, acquired from Milan, Italy. There are 11 of these cars, all built in 1928 to an Italian derivative of a common streetcar design that operated in many US cities, although never previously in San Francisco.

Most of San Francisco's Peter Witt cars are currently painted in the overall orange color scheme that they carried in Milan, although one has been repainted into its original livery of yellow and white with black trim, while another is in the two-tone green livery that the cars carried from the 1930s to the 1970s.

San Francisco vintage fleet

The F-Line fleet also includes a fleet of pre-PCC vintage cars built between 1895 and 1924 for use in San Francisco. Three passenger cars were built for Muni itself, and a further two for the independent Market Street Railway Company that ran competing streetcar services in San Francisco until acquired by Muni in 1944. The final car is a works flat car, built for Muni in 1916 and used for hauling rails, ties, and other materials needed to maintain a streetcar system.

The cars carry a variety of former San Francisco streetcar color schemes.

Worldwide fleet

The Muni's international fleet on the F-Line includes a diverse collection of 10 cars from various operators worldwide:
 Blackpool tramway, in Blackpool, England (including two distinctive open-air boat cars)
 The former Hamburg tram system, in Hamburg, Germany
 Hankai Tramway, in Osaka, Japan
 Kobe Municipal Transportation Bureau & Hiroshima Electric Railway, in Kobe & Hiroshima, Japan
 Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board, in Melbourne, Australia
 Moscow tram system, in Moscow, Russia ( system)
 Porto tram system, in Porto, Portugal
 STIB/MIVB, in Brussels, Belgium.

All the cars carry the color schemes of their original operators, except for the Brussels car, which currently carries a color scheme paying tribute to San Francisco's twin city of Zürich in Switzerland (the streetcars actually in use in Zürich use meter-gauge and therefore cannot be moved to San Francisco). The Moscow trams had to be equipped with  trucks.

Stop listing

See also
List of heritage railroads in California
San Francisco Municipal Railway fleet

References

External links

Market Street Railway website
F Market Route Map with live updates on streetcar locations

San Francisco Municipal Railway
Market Street (San Francisco)
Streetcars in California
Heritage streetcar systems
Heritage railroads in California
Castro District, San Francisco
Financial District, San Francisco
Tourist attractions in San Francisco
600 V DC railway electrification
Railway services introduced in 1995

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Pachytomella parallela är en insektsart som först beskrevs av Meyer-dür 1843.  Pachytomella parallela ingår i släktet Pachytomella, och familjen ängsskinnbaggar. Enligt den svenska rödlistan är arten otillräckligt studerad i Sverige. Arten förekommer i Övre Norrland. Artens livsmiljö är våtmarker.

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parallela


The ArabLit Quarterly makes a November debut.
The ArabLit Quarterly officially made its debut on November 15, 2018. The newest publication in town is the work of award winning publication ArabLit.org.
ArabLit.org, founded and editor-in-chief M Lynx Qualey, is one of the best resources out there if you want to know what is happening in Arabic translation. Apart from curating what is happening in the world of writing in Arab translation, the collective also has other initiatives like the Bulaq Podcast and the ArabLit Short Story Prize. The winner of the prize this year was Egyptian writer Mohammad Abdelnabi for his short story Our Story translated by Roger Moger.
The newest initiative from the team is the ArabLit Quarterly which made its debut on November 15, 2018. The new quarterly includes fiction by Sania Saleh, Stella Gaitano, Asmaa Azaizeh, Zakaria Tamer, Sofia Samatar, Raja Alem, Rasha Abbas, and Muhammad Abdelnabi. There is also poetry by Wadie Saadeh and Munsif al-Wahaybi. There are also interviews and opinions like Olivia Snaije talking to graphic novelist Zeina Abirached, Layla Azmi Goushey on Abdul Rahman Munif, and Hanan Natour talking to Munsif al-Wahaybi.
For more of the best of writing from the Arab world you can go here for more information. Buying the publication is important because it ensures that contributors to ArabLit Quarterly, ArabLit, and Bulaq are paid. Money for writers and other content creators is something we can all agree on.
Previous Previous post: Leyla Hussein is Women's Prize for Fiction 2019 judge.
Next Next post: Koleka Putuma poetry collection "Collective Amnesia" now in Spanish.


text:
Events audio-visual Technician (IR-ECO-VI-2020-145-LD)
At CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, physicists and engineers are probing the fundamental structure of the universe. Using the world's largest and most complex scientific instruments, they study the basic constituents of matter - fundamental particles that are made to collide together at close to the speed of light. The process gives physicists clues about how particles interact, and provides insights into the fundamental laws of nature. Find out more on http://home.cern.
Does the idea of making technically possible dozens of on-site, off-site and online events that reach thousands of participants (see visit.cern/past-events) motivate you? Do you thrive in a fast-paced diverse working environment with many challenges? CERN offers an exciting opportunity to play a key role in the design and set-up of audio-visual equipment in CERN Science Gateway's brand new public spaces, including a 900-seat auditorium.
You will join the International Relations Sector (IR), Education, Communications and Outreach Group (ECO) that is responsible for maintaining support for CERN's mission from all its stakeholders and generating public engagement with CERN's activities. You will also be a part of the Science Gateway team, CERN's new flagship centre for education and outreach, planned to open in 2022.
As audio-visual (A/V) technical specialist, you will, amongst other tasks:
Plan and set up the layout for necessary A/V material and equipment for up to 300 on-site and off-site events each year
Review, install and maintain technical equipment
Act as audio-visual operator (régisseur) for the various events
Provide technical and safety expertise and advice to organisers of the events
Interface with other CERN services: Safety, Conference Rooms Support team, Logistics, Guards etc.
Provide A/V expertise to the Science Gateway technical support team for exhibitions, laboratories, and public spaces (exhibits, screens, audio systems etc)
As a member of the Science Gateway technical support team, support logistical tasks for the set-up of rooms, preparation of activities and general maintenance of the entire facility
In the framework of the Science Gateway Auditorium technical equipment project, you will also:
Participate in the definition of the audio-visual equipment requirements
Lead the market survey to identify potential solutions
Lead the call for tender for the purchase of the technical equipment
Monitor the installation, test and commissioning of the audio-visual equipment.
Higher technical diploma or equivalent relevant experience in the field of in audio-visual technology or a related field.
Electrical: b1-BR-H0V; Mobile Elevating Work Platforms: 3B-1B; Mobile scaffolding mounting and dismantling; Working at height. Certification in industry standard audio-visual protocols (Dante, NDI, etc.) is an asset.
Extensive experience in
installation, maintenance and operation of audio-visual equipment
audio-visual operations (régisseur) for conferences, artistic performances, film screenings, theatre plays, music performances, video capture and other stage performances etc.
online events (streaming, recording)
events logistics
events safety
Any proven experience in technical support for exhibitions, guided tours, off-site events, public and educational spaces is an asset
Audio-visual production: in-depth knowledge of auditorium and public spaces audio-visual equipment and audio-visual production techniques.
Knowledge and deployment of computing hardware.
Installation, operation and maintenance (preventive and corrective) of computing systems.
Operation and maintenance of networks.
Behavioural competencies:
Working in Teams: cooperating constructively with others in the pursuit of team goals; balancing personal goals with team goals.
Solving Problems: identifying, defining and assessing problems, taking action to address them.
Demonstrating Flexibility: being able to deal with ambiguous or unpredictable situations.
Working in the Interest of the Organization: actively promoting safety and encouraging others to do the same; respecting safety rules and procedures.
Communicating Effectively: demonstrating a pro-active approach to resolving differences; addressing issues of conflict constructively.
Spoken and written English or French: ability to understand and speak the other language in professional contexts.
Eligibility and closing date:
Diversity has been an integral part of CERN's mission since its foundation and is an established value of the Organization. Employing a diverse workforce is central to our success. We welcome applications from all Member States and Associate Member States.
This vacancy will be filled as soon as possible, and applications should normally reach us no later than 15.01.2021 (12.00 pm CET)
Contract type: Limited duration contract (5 years). Subject to certain conditions, holders of limited-duration contracts may apply for an indefinite position.
These functions require:
Work during nights, Sundays and official holidays.
A valid driving licence.
Job grade: 3-4
Job reference: IR-ECO-VI-2020-145-LD
Benchmark Job Title: Computing Technician


text:
Submitted by christina.werakso on Wed, 08/04/2021 - 10:07
eftpos brings competition to the Digital Economy through highly secure online payments capability
New state of the art security features expected to be available to all Australian banks and Financial Institutions by November 2021 and rolled out by May 2022
3DS certifications and new fraud scoring partnership are already in place
Driving competition and lower costs for the Digital Economy
eftpos today announced it was on track to bring large-scale payments competition to Australia's online retailer sector in November, with a range of additional security features now available to the payments industry.
The new features mean eftpos online transactions including Least Cost Routing (LCR), will enter the market with significantly less risk to traditional security vulnerabilities that currently cost the Digital Economy and online businesses hundreds of millions of dollars a year.
These new features are part of the $100m spent on eftpos' digital upgrade over five years and come in addition to other secure digital payments initiatives that eftpos is also rolling out in the Digital Economy including QR code payments experience infrastructure, mobile wallet functionality and a digital identity service, connectID.
eftpos CEO Stephen Benton said consumers and online retailers using eftpos in the online environment from November will start to be protected by state-of-the-art fraud scoring capabilities, as well as the availability of additional security features including eftpos Secure (3D Secure) two factor authentication functionality and eftpos tokenisation services.
Mr Benton said recent certifications and agreements with global partners including 3D Secure providers Outseer and Arcot, Payment Security Division of Broadcom, and fraud scoring market leader Featurespace, were among the final pieces of the puzzle to enable the industry to roll out large scale eftpos eCommerce for all payments types, including high risk transactions.
"eftpos would expect eCommerce to be enabled by all of its Financial Institution members by May 2022, in line with mandates that were issued earlier this year. Most of the enablement work has already been done," Mr Benton said.
"These new services mark an exciting turning point for eftpos, online Australian businesses and the Digital Economy because banks and financial institutions will be able to offer their customers competitive debit card payments services in areas of the Australian economy that currently suffer from a complete lack of competition and high costs," Mr Benton said.
"This is a game changer for eftpos and Australian retailers because retail is quickly transforming to become an increasingly digital marketplace, accelerated by COVID."
eftpos payments are currently already available in eCommerce for some Card On File payments where banks have implemented the service for their merchant customers. Since launching the eftpos digital service that enables LCR last year, it has been subject to zero fraud.
Mr Benton said despite claims to the contrary, eftpos consumer research found the vast majority of consumers want to help Australia's small businesses reduce their payments costs.
"Consumers do care which card they use and which account they want to access, but they don't care who processes the transaction. However, small businesses do care because they pay for it, and the difference in cost can be significant," Mr Benton said.
eCommerce is a key element in eftpos digital strategy and roadmap that includes five key elements:
Digital Identity – connectID
APIs and Fintech access
QR code payments experience infrastructure
Mr Benton said the new eftpos Secure (3DS) certifications from Outseer and Arcot, Payment Security Division of Broadcom covered the majority of Australian banks, including the Big Four, in parallel we are gaining significant momentum as we progress with GPayments and other partners supporting some major merchants and payment service providers in Australia.
He said that to highlight the importance of the Digital Economy for Australian retail, eftpos had invested close to $70m on digital initiatives over the past 4 years, including paying more than $30m in rebates to eftpos members to get them ready for the rollout of eftpos digital technologies. Another $30m investment is earmarked for FY22, including over $10m in member rebates.
Featurespace Founder and President, Mr Dave Excell, said Featurespace was deploying the Adaptive Behavioural Analytics (ARIC) Risk Hub within the eftpos network to protect consumers and merchants from card fraud in real-time.
"The ARIC platform focuses on learning good customer behaviour to automatically identify new fraud attacks and minimize friction for genuine transactions. This is particularly important as eftpos enables its new Card Not Present capability," Mr Excell said.
Outseer Chief Operating Officer, Mr Jim Ducharme, said Outseer's product strategy – to provide best-in-class support for the latest payment authentication standards - has taken a major step forward with the eftpos certification.
"We are excited to share more about our implementation of eftpos later this year," Mr Ducharme said.


text:
Q: MAGIC number in Android google io 2011 java source Below code grabbed from google io open source.
com.google.android.apps.iosched.util.Lists.java
http://code.google.com/p/iosched/source/browse/android/src/com/google/android/apps/iosched/util/Lists.java
public static <E> ArrayList<E> newArrayList(E... elements) {
    int capacity = (elements.length * 110) / 100 + 5;
    ArrayList<E> list = new ArrayList<E>(capacity);
    Collections.addAll(list, elements);
    return list;
}

com.google.android.apps.iosched.util.Sets.java
http://code.google.com/p/iosched/source/browse/android/src/com/google/android/apps/iosched/util/Sets.java
public static <E> HashSet<E> newHashSet(E... elements) {
    int capacity = elements.length * 4 / 3 + 1;
    HashSet<E> set = new HashSet<E>(capacity);
    Collections.addAll(set, elements);
    return set;
}

What is the capacity variable supposed to mean?
Thanks in advance!

A: Those collections internally use a fixed array to save the data. "capacity" is the initial number of elements the array can accommodate. When you add more elements than current capacity the internal array must be extended. This is a time consuming operation and the initial capacity tries to help in case you know how many elements will be added.

A: This is part of the ArrayList class. Setting the capacity upfront prevents large lists from having to incrementally increase their size as they are filled and instead will allocate the needed space at once.
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/java/util/ArrayList.html

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
8 results for Endeavors Vol. 15 Issue 1, Fall 1998
1.Star Bright, Cell Deep by Bryan, Julia; Zubritsky, Elizabeth Endeavors Vol. 15 Issue 1, Fall 1998
Bryan, Julia; Zubritsky, Elizabeth
Carolina researchers are working on gene therapy to treat cystic fibrosis and hemophilia B. Richard Boucher and Jude Samulski have been working on a virus to transfer genes and replace damaged DNA. Recently, they successfully repaired the genes of a hemophilic dog and are planning human trials within the next two years.
Endeavors (NoCar LD 3941.3 A3), Vol. 15 Issue 1, Fall 1998, p10-15, il, por Periodical Website
Genetics--Research; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill--Research
2.The Royal Family Revealed by House, Catherine Endeavors Vol. 15 Issue 1, Fall 1998
House, Catherine
Jordan Price is a behavioral ecologist finishing his doctoral degree at UNC. For his dissertation, he spent the last five years studying the stripe-backed wren, a small bird indigenous to South America, to see how these birds interact and communicate. He discovered that the birds are much more vocally oriented than humans.
Endeavors (NoCar LD 3941.3 A3), Vol. 15 Issue 1, Fall 1998, p7-9, il, por Periodical Website
Birds--Research; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill--Research
3.Horror's Story by Bryan, Julia Endeavors Vol. 15 Issue 1, Fall 1998
Bryan, Julia
Susan Naverette, a professor of English, studied turn-of-the-century British horror stories and images. In her upcoming book, she examines the art and its authors, and the evolutionary science that influenced them. These horror stories were part of a growing fear of devolution to a primitive state.
Literature--19th Century; Writers; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
4.The Way Across by Hammond, Christopher Endeavors Vol. 15 Issue 1, Fall 1998
Hammond, Christopher
Dennis Rondinelli, professor of management, has been assessing Vietnam's economy and social conditions. He suggests that party officials encourage nongovernment organizations to provide health care and other services, and develop private enterprise for rural residents.
Endeavors (NoCar LD 3941.3 A3), Vol. 15 Issue 1, Fall 1998, p16-18, il Periodical Website
Economic development; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Kenan-Flagler School of Business
5.It's Only Natural by Spivey, Angela Endeavors Vol. 15 Issue 1, Fall 1998
Spivey, Angela
Medicinal chemists at UNC want to extract plant compounds that can kill cancer cells, viruses, or bacteria. Most of the compounds are ingredients in traditional Chinese remedies. Researchers believe that modernizing and scientifically testing the remedies will help legitimize traditional Chinese medicine so it can benefit more people.
Medicinal plants; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill--Research
6.Islam's Peaceful Dancers by Spivey, Angela Endeavors Vol. 15 Issue 1, Fall 1998
Sufism is a mystical method of Islam that's becoming more common in the United States. Carl Ernst, professor and chair of religious studies, explains how Sufism emphasizes symbolic interpretation and seeking the inner dimension of the external practices of religion.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Department of Religion
7.Staying Power by Spivey, Angela Endeavors Vol. 15 Issue 1, Fall 1998
Christian Smith, assistant professor of sociology, completed a study on evangelicalism and learned that it is one of the strongest religious movements around. Evangelicals' strength comes from their ability to retain members, their educational mobility, and the large role that religion plays in members' lives.
Religion; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
8.Breathing Room by Hammond, Christopher Endeavors Vol. 15 Issue 1, Fall 1998
In a smog-filled chamber, asthma volunteers help researchers at the Center for Environmental Medicine and Lung Biology learn what pollution can do to our lungs. Researchers are conducting experiments to test whether endotoxin is a trigger of asthma.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill--Research


text:
Christopher Maloney, Quack Extraordinaire
Hubble Images
For the Sake of Science
Michael holds a BA in Biology with a minor in Philosophy. He likes to spend his free time hiking and defending science, though not usually at the same time. Contrary to popular (but not scientific) belief, the positive and appropriate perception of science is undermined by religion, alternative medicine, the U.S. education system, and most science journalists.
Wuhan virus and one last 'A-Unicornist' note
The A-Unicornist, Bernie Bro extraordinaire
Mele Kalikimaka | Fo… on Merry Christmas
somdeblahiriyahoocoi… on Thought of the day
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The fruits of faith
Posted on July 24, 2013 by Michael
As I've noted many times, faith is an effectively random way of believing. That is, faith is precisely belief without evidence, so it offers absolutely no logical path towards one idea or another. This is an obvious problem in the world; there are far more ways to get things wrong than to get them right, so we should expect theists and other random-belief persons to cause a lot of havoc and offense on a daily basis. The religious, dogmatic United Arab Emirates offers one of the most egregious examples as of late:
A Norwegian woman who was sentenced to prison in Dubai after reporting that she was raped has been given a pardon and will be heading home soon, she said Monday.
Speaking to reporters in Dubai, Marte Deborah Dalelv seemed relieved and happy as she confirmed the news — if still slightly bewildered by the swift turn of events.
"They told me that I would be pardoned and that they were going to give me my passport back, so I got it immediately," she said.
Asked what happens next, Dalelv paused a moment before replying: "I get to go home."
She added, "We want to make it as soon as possible."…
Dalelv, a Qatar-based interior designer, was on a work trip to Dubai when she reported to police that she had been raped by a colleague at the hotel where she was staying.
She was herself then detained and charged with having unlawful sex, making a false statement and illegal consumption of alcohol. A court last week sentenced her to 16 months in prison, prompting outrage in Norway.
Dalelv's lawyer, Mahmoud Azab Abu Gareda, said the sheikh's pardon is "effectively a royal decree," which wipes the slate clean, leaving no record of her conviction.
This means the alleged perpetrator, who was charged with public intoxication and having sex outside of marriage, also walks free, he said.
Notice the stark difference in the involved nations. The United Arab Emirates is a majority Muslim nation where Islam is the official state religion. Norway, on the other hand, has a high cultural Christian population, but relatively little religious participation. According to Wiki, only 32% of Norwegians said they believe in a personal god. Moreover, an overwhelming majority, 73%, are not theists: Of the total population, 44% are effectively deists, whereas 29% are atheists.
Of course, it isn't that atheism or deism have led the charge in Norway's basic moral authority in this situation. They couldn't. They're both 100% descriptive positions. No, it's that the people of Norway have opted for a secular guidance in their moral and ethical thinking. This is just the opposite of faith, so it isn't surprising when we see it working so well in so many instances.
Filed under: Atheism/Humanism, News, Religions | Tagged: Dubai, Marte Deborah Dalelv, United Arab Emirates |	1 Comment »
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