Richard Dronskowski studied chemistry and physics at Münster University and gained his PhD from the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research in Stuttgart (Germany). After one year as a Visiting Scientist at Cornell University (USA) and completing his lecturing qualification in 1995, he took up the chair of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry at RWTH Aachen University (Germany) in 1997, as head of its Institute of Inorganic Chemistry. He has won the Kekulé and Liebig scholarships, the Otto Hahn medal awarded by the Max Planck Society, and the Chemistry Lecturer prize.
Shinichi Kikkawa obtained his D.Sc. from Osaka University (Japan) in 1979 under guidance of Professor Mitsue Koizumi. He spent a year at Penn State University (USA) as a joint graduate student of Professor George Brindley (1977 - 1978). He worked as a Research Associate with Professor Koizumi (1979 - 1988) and an Associate Professor with Professor Fumikazu Kanamaru (1988 - 2000) at Osaka University. He also worked with Professor Jean Rouxel as a visiting scientist at the University of Nantes (France) in 1983. He was a Professor in Hokkaido University (2000 - 2017) and he is now an Emeritus Professor. His interests include intercalation and low dimensional compounds, preparation and structure-property relationships of metal nitrides and oxynitrides, and nanogranular thin films for optical, magnetic and electrical applications. He received many national and international awards such as the Richard M. Fulrath Pacific Memorial Award from the American Ceramic Society in 1994. He is a fellow of the Ceramic Society of Japan and an Academician in the World Academy of Ceramics.
Andreas Stein obtained his B.Sc. degree in chemistry at the University of Calgary (Canada) in 1986 and carried out his graduate work with Professor Geoff Ozin at the University of Toronto (Canada), specializing in the synthesis and characterization of zeolite materials. After earning his Ph.D. degree in 1991, he joined the Advanced Inorganic Materials group at the corporate research labs of Bayer A.G. in Germany as an NSERC postdoctoral fellow, followed by postdoctoral research with Professor Tom Mallouk at both the University of Texas, Austin, and at Penn State University (USA). In 1994 he joined the faculty at the University of Minnesota (USA), where he is now a Merck Professor and Distinguished McKnight University Professor of Chemistry. He is the recipient of several awards, including a Merck Professorship in Chemistry, a 3M Faculty Grant, a Dupont Young Professor Grant, a McKnight Land-Grant Professorship, and a prestigious David & Lucile Packard Fellowship.


Philanthropist, business mogul and five-time Grammy-nominated artist Akon has announced the signing of a formal partnership between America (ALA) and leading AI-solutions provider, Group A MondoBrain. The partnership is focused on benefiting the whole of Africa, starting with the Comoros Islands, by leveraging the power of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the development and delivery of sustainable energy solutions around the world. The announcement was finalized as Akon spoke at a summit on clean tech financing in Dubai, UAE.
← Amnesty International wants Death Penalty scrapped in the Laws of Ghana.


Having had a string of releases on labels such as Dub Police and Roska's Kicks & Snares this guy continually pushes a heavy bassweight sound. Dropping his self-titled debut album on Tempa last year we had a quick chat on the album, his new imprint 'Artikal Music UK' and his dabble into house / techno music.
Your first vinyl release 'Tekno Bass' dropped in 2008 - how has the journey been for you since then?
It has been really good, I have met and worked with some amazing people over the years. The scene has changed quite a bit since 2008, back then I never thought I would have an album out on Tempa one of the most respected labels in the scene.
Where in Kent are you from (I'm from Folkestone!) What is your background, have you always been big into music?
I live in Medway at the moment but grew up in Maidstone. I have always had a passion for music, it has been a great part of my life from my early childhood. My Dad was a big music fan and record collector. I was surrounded by soul, jazz, reggae, rare groove and rock growing up.
I know that you are a big fan of DMZ and their nights- did this have a big influence on you getting into the scene and wanting you to make music and are you looking forward to their party in March - we are!
It was the first dubstep night I attended in 2006. I'd been into the sound around six months before, but I had never experienced that type of music on a proper sound system. That night without question spurred me on to start making dubstep music. The 8th Birthday in March looks like it will be another historic event.
You have released your self-titled debut album for Tempa a few months back- how has the response been for this?
The feedback has been really positive. Now it has been released I can look back and say that it is a true representation of the sound that I have been pushing for the last few years and bringing through my influences from hip hop to jungle to techno to dub.
Do you still release on your own imprint Soul Shakerz?
No, Soul Shakerz is no longer. I have begun a new imprint 'Artikal Music UK' alongside fellow producer Mosaix. We are expecting our 6th release to drop on February 11th 2013.
There is a lot of new music being pushed through in dubstep right now- who are your hot picks for 2013?
There are so many great producers out there right now. I am really feeling Killawatt, Skeptical, Amit and Ipman to name a few.
Youngsta has supported your music a lot, has he given you advice?
He has become a good friend. His quality control is second to none with the music he plays. Youngsta's support of my music has definitely exposed my music to a larger audience over the last few years.
Tell us a bit about the alias that you work under that pushes more house/ electro stuff. It seems now a lot of people like to cross genres?
It was just a side project to experiment on a different tip. I think it is healthy for producers to try out different styles of music. There are a lot of drum and bass producers who have crossed to dubstep and dubstep producers who make house / techno too. I feel that it is more of a 'Sound' rather than a tempo these days.
I hear you used to do a bit of MCing back in the day, are you an MC at heart?
Yes I am really. You have to respect the MC, well as long as they are good at what they do. In the UK the DJ and MC pretty much go hand in hand. I think it is a great connection between the crowd and DJ and can really bring a DJ set to life.
If you were invisible for the day what trouble would you get up to?
I probably wouldn't create any trouble. I would become a vigilante for the day.
What is the most exciting thing that you are looking forward to in 2013?
I'm looking forward to continuing where I left off last year and playing on some of the best sound systems in the world.
Cheers for your time! We hope to catch you soon.


text:
Mike Smith: He's One of Many, But Surely One of the Ones
Here's an easy one for most folks: What's the most common last name in America?
Bet you didn't even have to Google that one (though you can and they'll confirm it). Sure, it's Smith.
The U.S. Census Bureau lists the top surnames in its every-decade-report: Smith is first, again and again and again.
Naturally enough, a fair number of famous folks carry that moniker. For instance, tie in these distinctive first names with that overwhelmingly common last one -- Bessie, Bubba, Dean, Emmitt, Keely, Lovie, Maggie, Ozzie, Stephen A. and Will. You can just about see them all, can't you?
The on-line site Ancestry.com lists over one billion people with the last name Smith. Good luck to all you researchers there. Anyway, by now you're getting the point.
So perhaps a guy shouldn't have been surprised when he went to the keeper of the records in the world of horse racing -- the all-encompassing Equibase.com -- to check up on a fellow with that common name who has done so many uncommon things on the back of a horse. Sure enough, our local star Mike Smith was there. He had to be. But, surprisingly, so were 77 other riders named Smith.
That list starts with a gentleman named Andrew Gary Smith, who was last spotted riding at Mt. Pleasant Meadows in Mt. Pleasant, Michigan in 1994. It ends with Woodrow Frank Smith, Jr., who was plying his trade at Will Rogers Downs near Tulsa, Oklahoma in 2008.
Stretching back farthest on the Smith List is Bobbie Smith, who apparently last rode in 1964 at Chouteau County Fair, which is in Fort Benton, Montana, a mere couple of furlongs north of the Missouri River and just northeast of Great Falls. The 107th edition of that Fair will be held again this year but, alas, without Bobbie Smith or horse racing this time. There will, however, be a demolition derby and pig wrestling.
Other Smiths on the list include Clive, Cornelius, Cynthia, D.D., D.D.X. and D.Y. Then there are Gordie, Gordon and Guy, followed by Jackie, Jacob, Jeff, Jerome, Jerry and Jimmy.
Dropping down to the Rs – which contain R.D., R.W., Rebecca, Richard Sims, Robert and Robert A. – there is a name racing fans with a bit of history under their belts should recall. Robyn C. Smith, a tall (5'7") lady with a passion to ride (she did so between 1969 and 1980) who got her name in the history books when she became the first female to win a major stakes at a major track by capturing the Paumonok and the Westchester handicaps at Aqueduct in 1973 on a colt named North Sea for Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt. Later, she got a little further into those history books when she married a pretty fair hoofer named Fred Astaire, even though he was 45 years her senior.
(Robyn Smith also was, as the turf writers like to say, a helluva quote: {On starting out as an exercise girl in California} "The horses weren't so scared, but boy, I was. Invariably, they'd run away with me, but it was dark in the morning that time of year and (trainer Bruce) Headley couldn't see. One day, when it got lighter in the morning, he said: 'Gee, you don't gallop real good, do you?'")
But back to the Smith List: Let's note T.J., T.R., Tim, Tina, Todd and Tracy. And finish up strong with W.T., Wade, Wayne, Wes, Wilbert Patrick and William.
And if you narrow it down to riders named Smith who are riding in 2019, the list stands at eight: Clyde Henry, Cody Rodger, Diogdinabi, Janine, Kevin J., Stormy and Taylor E.
And, of course, the fellow that this whole stroll down Smithville is all about – Mike E. (for Earl) Smith.
Our man Mike, who is currently in the middle of his 38th year of horsebacking with most of his summers since 2001 spent at Del Mar, is nothing short of an athletic wonder. Consider, please, the fact that he is 53 years old (and will turn 54 on August 10), yet here he is in a sport where he is competing mostly against teenagers and 20-somethings who were kicking the slats out of the cradle when he already had legged up on tens of thousands of mounts and had ridden thousands of winners.
Name me if you can – in any physical sport in the world -- another athlete in his mid-50s that takes on young boys/men and takes them to school. Mr. Smith doesn't just battle them, which is a major accomplishment in itself, he shows them how it is done. When the money is down, he is called up -- from coast to coast. It's why he goes by the nickname "Big Money Mike."
(The story is told about workout-warrior Smith – who has a personal trainer both here and in Los Angeles for his ferocious daily gym go-rounds that normally last a couple of hours – that on more than one occasion he's agreed to allow an I-wanna-be-like-you young rider to come along and mimic "the old guy" as the bike was ridden, the iron was pumped and the sweat flowed. The story always seems to end with the young rider excusing himself before the session was done.)
Smith once rode and won a match race by a substantial margin at Del Mar a couple of years back and, upon dismounting, was asked if he thought his horse was that much better than his rival. His reply was something to the effect of – "No, not really. If I'd ridden the other horse, I would have won on him." It was stated without a trace of bravado or ego. It was said simply as a statement of fact. When you've been on the backs of racehorses in action since days as an 11-year-old in New Mexico, and when you have total confidence in yourself and your ability to communicate and draw the best out of those high-strung speed machines, you can make statements like that and know you are correct.
When you look at Smith's records, they either fall into the "remarkable" or "I-can't-believe-it" categories. He has ridden more than 5,500 winners. (Realize that the majority of riders currently in the game have not been aboard 5,500 mounts, never mind that many winners.) He has won more than $323-million in purses. (Third-highest in the history of the game.) He has won 26 of the Breeders' Cup's $1-million-plus races. (The next nearest to him is John Velazquez with 16.) Going into 2019, he had won a staggering 587 Graded stakes races. (And, equally staggering, 207 of them -- more than one third – have been Grade Is.)
Realize further that he was considered so good at the business of riding that the powers-that-be put him in racing's Hall of Fame 16 years ago. And that he has only gotten better since then!
He has won more than $10 million in purses 16 times, with seven of those coming in the last seven years. His best year ever for money won -- $20,540,871 – came just two years ago in 2017. Last year, he took down the jockey's Holy Grail when he gave the mercurial Justify three picture-perfect rides to win the Triple Crown.
Mike Smith aboard Zenyatta © Benoit Photo
He has ridden more good horses – more champions, more Horses of the Year, more star-of-stars – than you can shake a proverbial stick at. The heroes and heroines are many: Azeri, Skip Away, Zenyatta, Holy Bull, Lure, Sky Beauty, Heavenly Prize, Royal Delta, Shared Belief, Arrogate and Songbird serve as a good starter list.
(If you want to give yourself a sweet racing chill, go to YouTube and dial up Smith's November 7, 2009 piece de resistance aboard Zenyatta when he and his mighty mare came rambling from last to beat the big boys in a Breeders' Cup Classic for the ages.)
And how has all this affected him? Just how large has that head swollen? Well, if you're thinking that way, you couldn't be more wrong. Smith, it seems, has become more humble, more kind, more appreciative as his treasure chest of glory has grown larger. He readily steps up to speak well of his sport. He treats fans, owners, trainers and fellow jockeys with deference and class. He's instinctively willing to come forward for a racetracker in need or a worthy cause. And he's always ready and able to sparkle in a TV interview, or light up a room with his 1,000-watt smile.
Yes, he's a Smith – just one among many of those. Conversely, he's Mike Smith, the one that many wish they were. In any case, let's all enjoy him this summer at Del Mar as he most certainly stands out in a crowd.
Mike Smith at Del Mar © Eclipse Sportswire
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I have a potentially sad update for the Lost fans out there. Try not to get too upset just yet, but apparently President Barack Obama is planning another State of the Union address and one of the potential dates is… Thursday, February 2, the same day Lost is set to have its final season premier.
Since the address could potentially be at the same time as Lost, if Obama does go ahead with that day, Lost will likely be postponed for a week. The alternative date for Obama's address is January 26, which would likely bump American Idol.
Fans have already been taking to Twitter to voice their fears and distress that the U.S. President might throw off what we've all been waiting months to see. As a Lost fan myself, I'm more than a little miffed that this could happen, especially since Obama is likely just going to tell everyone that flights into the U.S. are going to be somewhat hellish from now until the end of time.
Time will tell, but my vote? Boot American Idol to another week. I think we can all wait one extra week to find out which nobody is going to win a lifetime of obscurity.
Update: Good news! The Lost premier is safe as White House staff have officially said the State of the Union address will not be on February 2.


Ever since the fifteenth century, when European cartographers began including the contour of Terra Australis Incognita ('The unknown land of the south') in their speculative maps of the globe, the continent of Australia has been thought of as an exotic place.
This characterisation of Australia as a land down under, where things are out of the ordinary and colourfully unconventional, remains a key feature of our national identity.
In this latest collection show from MGA, we showcase a range of photographic work that engages with the theme of exotic antipodes. For many contemporary artists, this European vision is something that needs to be subverted and critiqued. For others, the idea of living in an eccentric environment continues to inspire a distinctively Australian sense of place.
Artists include: Tony ALBERT, Brook ANDREW, Eric BRIDGEMAN, Bindi COLE CHOCKA, Michael COOK, Paul COX, Destiny DEACON, Peter DOMBROVSKIS, Marian DREW, Fiona FOLEY, Charmaine HARDY, Rebecca Ann HOBBS, Dianne JONES, Leah KING-SMITH, Christopher KÖLLER, Rosemary LAING, Joseph McGLENNON, Tracey MOFFATT, Polixeni PAPAPETROU, Patricia PICCININI, Alberto SANCHEZ, Darren SIWES, Robyn STACEY, Christian THOMPSON, Michael WILLIAMS, Bronwyn WRIGHT and Anne ZAHALKA.


text:
Montana judge sends lethal injection challenge to trial
Alison Noon
HELENA – A judge ruled Thursday that a constitutional challenge to Montana's execution methods will go to trial.
The Sept. 2 trial will focus on whether a sedative called for under Montana's lethal injection protocols could lead to an excruciating and terrifying death.
Attorneys for Ronald Allen Smith and William Gollehon — Montana's two death row inmates — argue that the drug, pentobarbital, does not adhere to a state law requiring an "ultra fast-acting" barbiturate be used in capital punishment.
The Legislature has mandated but never precisely defined what constitutes an ultra fast-acting drug.
"The Legislature intended that the barbiturate used have an almost immediate onset of action in that unconsciousness occurs quickly," District Judge Jeffrey Sherlock wrote.
Both sides are planning to present testimony from medical experts who could shed light on the effects of pentobarbital.
Doctors previously said in depositions and declarations that ultra fast-acting is not a common medical term and they could not form a definitive opinion on its application to lethal chemicals.


Bigben Pipe Barbados Black Matt: Large selection of Bigben pipes for sale.
We offer the pipe Bigben Barbados black matt 645 of the famous Dutch manufacturer.
For every purchase of this pipe you will be gifted with : a classic 3-way pipe tool (sezame) and a packet of 50 pipe cleaners .


I am sharing a mixed media canvas made as part of DT work for Mixed Media warriors, click here to visit the blog and check out this months challenge details.
For my background, I have added lot of texture paste,crackle paste paste,micro beads, prima marketing Iod mold paper clay resins,finnabair art stones and my favorite chalk paint too. oh how i can i forget to mention the beautiful prime flowers.
The steel spoon and a resin face are the focal points here, along with other elements like sea shells,chipboard gears and cogs etc.
Finnabair gel medium is used to stick all the elements to the canvas, and they are so sturdy and i just don't think you can remove a single bead from the canvas, trust me! I swear, this canvas had slipped from my hands a couple times while i was trying to click pictures.
And finally once everything is dry, i started spraying with Lindys stamp gang sprays.
Heavy white gesso,heavy body gel medium, artstones,micro bead s,chipboard,primamarketing flowers, white crackle paste,white sand texture paste,Prima IoD molds,Paper mache clay,prima marketing die for leaves.
Awesome canvas! So many details! Thank you for joining Lindy's color challenge!
Oh wow the texture is so amazing I love it! Thank you for joining at Lindy's challenge!
Fabulous. Live what you have done here. Thanks for playing along with us at Lindy's colour challenge.
Fabulous piece - love your creativity and texture! Thank you for joining the challenge at Mixed Media World!
just say wow for this creation thanks for playing at mmp challenge.
Wow your ocean lady canvas is stunning! Thanks for playing along with Mixed Media Place.
Thank you for playing us at Mixed Media Place!


Biscuit Man Papa is a game of moving buns so the cakes can fall right into the colored boxes that match the color of the cakes at the bottom. FRIV bring this game to the gamers who love to play and discover new games.
There are a countless variety of games that you can choose from at Friv 10. And this game will carry the mission for you when you have to move the pies into the box. If you choose the wrong box, the game will end immediately. Help the workers move the cakes into matching boxes and get the highest score in this game.
There are many different levels for you to explore in the game at Friv kids games. You can start the game with interesting challenges. Then share with your friends to play this game and compare the scores to see who has the highest score.
http://friv10games.club/ also regularly update the matching games for you to explore in your spare time such as Fidget Spinner Mix 2. Do not hesitate to choose the most fun game you can play on our website.
Each game is an exciting world you can explore in your favorite game collection. Friv 2018 is a trusted place for gamers to challenge their abilities and learn useful things through helping others. Play this game today!
Use the mouse or tap directly on the screen.


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Q: How to determine the effect of different weather parameters (temp, wind speed etc) on component failure I have a daily time series of the different weather parameters (temperature, wind speed, precipitation, Dew Point, ...) as well as a daily count of failure rates for an external component. I want to determine the effect of weather on the failure rate of the component.
I have done the following: correlation, lag correlation to determine max lag, lm, glm, analysis of variance, intervalizing the weather parameters and combining.
What is the best way to go about my general question
How do I combine multiple weather time series into 1 or determine the most informative of the different time series.
How do I address possible correlation within the weather parameters.

A: Here is one idea, although I cannot say how applicable it will be.
In an idealized scenario, let us assume that in addition to weather time series you also have, for each individual component, a number for the time it was created, the time it was deployed, and the time it failed. Therefore you can compute the age and cumulative exposure of the component at failure.
In this idealized scenario, say we the weather data is $\mathbb{x}_t$, for $x=[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ and $t=1,\ldots,T$ (e.g. $x_1=$wind speed, $x_2=$temperature, etc.). Then a reasonable approach might be to compute a time-integrated exposure as $X_{t+1}=X_t+x_t\Delta t$ (or you could use a midpoint rule, i.e. $t+\frac{1}{2}$). Then for component $i$ you have exposure $E_t=X_t-X_{\mathrm{deploy}}$ and age $t-t_{\mathrm{create}}$, which for simplicity we can append to the end of $E$ as another exposure factor.
So for component $i$ the predictor will be $E_t^{(i)}$, while the dependent variable will be "failed". This can be defined as a binary variable $F_t^{(i)}=(t>t_\mathrm{fail}^{(i)})$, i.e. 0 prior to failure and 1 after failure. Then you could combine all the component's data into a pair of big $E$ and $F$ arrays. A simple approach then would be to essentially treat this as a classification problem ("failed" vs. "not failed"), and apply logistic regression.
Now I will have to think about how this could work in your case, where you know only bulk failure rates (and perhaps deployment rates?) per day. I will update the answer if I come up with a solution.
In terms of survival models, I am really not familiar with them (beyond their existence and a few buzzwords). You would want to essentially model some sort of conditional hazard function, I guess, in terms of some "exposure adjusted age".

A: So, all the environment parameters can be modeled as some ARMA process (in simple words, past values of temperature, for example, affect the current value of temperature). You must first ask the question: is the failure rate some sort of time-series process? If the failure count is only dependent on the current values of the environmental variables, and is not directly dependent on past failure count values, then the answer is no. If this is the case, then you may want to treat the data as unordered, where each day is a separate observation. Then, you'd want to fit some model (linear regression? (failure_counts ~ temperature + wind + ...) , I don't know much about environment data) and check out the weights.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Independent mind
Kennedy assails prison shortcomings
In Cambridge, as part of Harvard's Scholar at Risk chapter, former appellate judge Claudia Escobar will use her experience in her home country of Guatemala as a case study for a research project that explores how corruption is directly linked to lack of judicial independence.
Stephanie Mitchell/Harvard Staff Photographer
Former Guatemalan judge keeps close watch on corruption
By Colleen Walsh Harvard Staff Writer
Date October 23, 2015 May 2, 2019
In April, thousands of protesters flooded Guatemala City demanding the resignation of President Otto Pérez Molina and Vice President Roxana Baldetti after both were implicated in a wide-ranging customs corruption scandal.
The march sparked a wave of nationwide demonstrations and signaled a watershed moment for a country scarred by civil war, violence, and corruption. Among the protesters was Claudia Escobar, a former appellate judge who joined the diverse group of students and seniors, business professionals and union workers calling for change.
"It was really something that you cannot imagine," said Escobar on a recent afternoon in a bright office in Radcliffe Yard. "You cry because you see all these people [saying], 'We don't want corruption anymore … justice now!' It was the most emotional moment for me."
Escobar missed the culmination of those demonstrations, in September, when Molina and Baldetti were arrested, and she will miss the election of a new president on Sunday. After criticizing the selection process of Guatemala's appellate and supreme court justices and going public with evidence of corruption late last year, she eventually decided to leave the country with her family for the safety of the United States. But her actions, many agree, were key in helping further expose corruption.
And she is still pressing for change. In Cambridge, as part of Harvard's Scholar at Risk chapter, Escobar will use her experience in her home country as a case study for a research project that explores how corruption is directly linked to lack of judicial independence. "I am very excited to have time to investigate that," said Escobar, the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study's Robert G. James Scholar at Risk Fellow.
Escobar knows significant change can take years and sacrifice. She watched her mother, a family court judge, lose her appellate position after refusing to rule for the son of a powerful official in a divorce case. "She knew that that decision was going to cost her her post," said Escobar, adding that she sensed that one day she too would have to choose between serving "justice or some other interest." It didn't stop her.
In 2009, Escobar and a group of colleagues began pushing for greater transparency and independence in the judicial system. They urged officials to overhaul the selection of judges, a process, they argued, that had become corrupted by special-interest groups. Five years later, the problem became more personal.
In 2014, with the selection process approaching, an old classmate stopped by Escobar's office with a politician from the ruling party and a proposal. Wary of their intentions, Escobar recorded the conversation. Their offer: If Escobar agreed to back the current vice president, Baldetti, as secretary of the party — illegal according to Guatemala's constitution — they would back her own nomination for the appellate court.
Escobar refused and was shocked when she was re-elected to her post a few days later.
"I was trying to understand what was going on. How did they elect me if I didn't grant them what they wanted?" said Escobar, who ultimately decided she was reappointed because "they didn't want me to talk."
But Escobar knew she couldn't keep quiet. She turned the tape over to the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala, a U.N.-backed body tasked with investigating and prosecuting crime in the country. She then took her case to Washington, D.C., and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, a panel of the Organization of American States, and later to Europe, where she met with U.N. representatives. (Her protests even drew the attention of a Vatican official, who organized a meeting with Pope Francis last month.)
Escobar's protests even drew the attention of a Vatican official, who organized a meeting with Pope Francis last month. Photo courtesy of L'Osservatore Romano
But despite her efforts, a high court in Guatemala ruled the elections fair at the end of 2014. Escobar stepped down from her appellate position in protest. She planned to continue as a judge in a lower court, but she was intimidated at work, she said, and feared for her family's safety.
"I realized I could not work [or live] in that environment."
With her in Cambridge during her fellowship are her 14-year-old and 5-year-old sons, her 21-year-old daughter, and her husband, an American who periodically travels back to work in Guatemala as a legal tax consultant. Her three other children, all in their 20s, live in Louisiana, which is also where Escobar went to school, at Louisiana State University.
Leaving Guatemala meant saying goodbye to her ailing parents and three sisters, and Escobar hopes to return someday. Still, she knew she had to speak out. When debating whether to release the tape, she couldn't stop wondering how she would feel in 10 years if she did nothing.
"To think that I could have helped make this change and kept it to myself."
Escobar is hopeful, but she knows that her country needs large-scale change. She told the pope during their meeting in September: "It's not only about a president that has to go to jail, this is a system that needs to be reformed."
During an appearance at Harvard Law School, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy criticized the shortcomings of the American prison system, citing its "ongoing injustice."
Photo by Martha Stewart ©


While the Budget forecasts a surplus it also delivers an additional $158 billion in income tax relief for hard-working Australians on top of the $144 billion in tax cuts locked into legislation last year. The Government will provide additional tax relief to hard-working Australians by more than doubling the low and middle income tax offset. Low- and middle-income earners will receive tax relief of up to $1,080 to support consumption growth and ease cost of living pressures. That's up to $2,160 for a dual income family. Over 10 million Australians are estimated to benefit from the offset with around 4.5 million individuals estimated to receive the maximum benefit for the 2018-19 income year.


text:
About us Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences Sociology Colloquia
Sociology colloquia 2014
November 21, 2013, 15:30-16:45, Munting Building 0074
Koen Breedveld (Mulier Institute Utrecht): Explaining Differences in Sport Participation: The Need for a Sociology for Sports
Sport participation patterns appear to be quite stable over time and across cultures. Although changes are apparent (increasing participation, especially among the elderly and among females) and even though participation levels differ between countries, we witness that people with lower education levels and lower income levels participate less in sports than do people with higher education/income levels. These patterns appear quite consistent between countries and over time. In this presentation we will look into theories explaining these differences, especially from within (sport) sociology. We will argue that a Bourdieu-like perspective appears most suited to explain differences in sportparticipation, despite its many open ends (as will become apparent from this case-study). The presentation is based on work performed over the years, by the author and by others. While discussing sportparticipation, we will also discuss the broader significance of sports for sociology (and society) in general.
Koen Breedveld is managing director of the Mulier Institute (since 2007) and professor in sport sociology at the Radboud University Nijmegen (since 2013).
October 17, 2013, 11:15-12:30, Bloemstraat Building 0018
Per Block (Oxford University): A Situational Understanding of Social Networks
The (offline, real-world) social networks people are embedded in, are pivotal for many aspects of their personal life. Therefore, research on how these social networks are created and maintained appears a natural research question for social scientists. Over the past decades, many regularities concerning how individuals form their social networks have been found and theoretically explained. Further, fairly recent methodological advances have dramatically improved the ability to study cross-sectional and longitudinal network data. However, as a recent review pointed out, different strands of network research focussing on different generative mechanisms have developed in relative isolation of one another. The current work aims at taking a first step towards providing a general framework in which the different network formation mechanisms can be linked and related to one another. This framework focusses on the social situations in which social ties are formed and maintained. Using a series of empirical studies , in this presentation I will show how this approach can explain empirical puzzles, such as the tendency of individuals against forming cyclic configurations in friendship networks, or the diminishing returns of similarity between friends. Further, it yields novel predictions on how different types of friendship relations are linked to different positions in network structures and hypothesis about which friendship ties are crucial in social influence processes. Overall, the results suggest that a situational understanding of social networks is a promising avenue for future research.
Per Block hopes to finish his doctorate in Sociology at Nuffield College, Oxford within the next half year. His research interests are focussed on the evolution of friendship networks and statistical network models.
September 10, 2013, 11:15-12:30
Ronald Rindfuss (University of North Carolina): Social Change, Social Networks, and Family & Fertility Change in Japan
Japan, unlike most Western countries, has experienced limited movement in several components of the second demographic transition, including non-marital fertility, use of childcare centers, and, somewhat less so, cohabitation. Yet Japan has experienced many of the structural changes found in Western societies that are related to the second demographic transition, including increased education levels with the increases more marked for women than men, rise of the service economy, urbanization, shift to work settings not conducive to caring for young children, and out-sourcing of labor-intensive manufacturing jobs to low-wage countries. Using longitudinal and cross-sectional data that include information on knowing relatives, friends and co-workers who have engaged in non-traditional fertility and family behavior, this paper examines the extent to which knowing such people has changed over time and longitudinally over the life course. We also examine the extent to which knowing someone engaged in non-traditional behaviors is patterned by such structural variables as birth cohort, sex and education, as well as the connection between knowing someone who has engaged in non-traditional behavior and one's attitudes toward such behaviors.
Ronald Rindfuss is Robert Paul Ziff Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Carolina Population Center Faculty Fellow at University of North Carolina and East-West Center in Honolulu.
May 30, 2013, 13:00-14:15
Jochen Peter (University of Amsterdam): Youth and Internet Porno
In the past years, several public debates have centered on the alleged sexualization of Dutch adolescents. The internet has played a central role in these debates. On the internet, adolescents can not only easily access pornography, but they can also distribute sexual material to others and look for sexual partners. Until recently, however, little was known about these issues from a scientific, evidence-based perspective. How many adolescents do use pornography on the internet? Does internet pornography affect adolescents, for example in how they think about sex and love? Do adolescents really send nude photos of themselves to others? Do they look for sexual contacts online? Jochen Peter will present results from several longitudinal studies that have been done at the Center for Research on Children, Adolescents, and the Media at the University of Amsterdam in the past six years, thereby trying to make a nuanced, evidence-based contribution to the recurring debate about the sexualization of youth.
Jochen Peter (PhD 2003, UvA) is a professor in the Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR) at the UvA. His research interests focus on adolescents' use of new media and its consequences for their psycho-social development and their sexual socialization.
February 28, 2013, 13:00-14:15
Ellen Verbakel (Radboud University Nijmegen): Gay Male and Lesbian Couples in the Netherlands: Are They Different from Heterosexual Couples?
The family is a widely studied field in sociology and has focused on many topics concerning partnered lives. I will extend theoretical ideas that are usually applied to heterosexual couples to couples with two men or two women. For this colloquium, I will combine the results from several papers I wrote on gay men and lesbians. The first question to be discussed relates to the formation of partnerships: To what extent do assortative mating patterns differ between gay male, lesbian, and heterosexual couples? Once partners have formed a couple, the next question I will answer is: How do same-sex couples divide paid labour compared to heterosexual couples? Finally, I focus on individual labour market careers by answering the question: To what extent are gay men and lesbians better or worse off in terms of occupational success compared to their heterosexual counterparts? Hypotheses have been tested with the Dutch Labour Force Surveys; the results will be discussed.
Ellen Verbakel is Assistant Professor at the Department of Sociology at Radboud University Nijmegen. Previously, she worked as an Assistant Professor at the Department of Sociology at Tilburg University. Her research interests include partner choice, partner effects, and relationships.
February 7, 2013, 13:00-14:15
Jan van Bavel (University of Leuven, Belgium): Implications of the Shifting Gender Balance in Education for Reproduction in Europe. Hypotheses for a new research programme?
While men have always received more education than women in the past, this gender imbalance in education has recently turned around. For the first time in European history, there are now more highly educated women than men reaching the reproductive ages and looking for a partner. I expect that this will have profound consequences for the demography of reproduction because mating patterns have always implied that men are the majority in higher education. These traditional practices are no longer compatible with the new gender distribution in education. In this talk, I formulate hypotheses about the consequences for reproductive behaviour in Europe. I expect the following causal chain between the reversal of the gender imbalance in education and fertility: it creates a new, education-specific mating squeeze that affects the process and expected pattern of assortative mating, which in turns affects the timing, probability and stability of union formation, which eventually is expected to have implications for fertility. Each of the links in this chain are discussed.
Jan Van Bavel is professor of demography at the University of Leuven, with also a limited affiliation with the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, where he was fulltime between 2005 and 2011 and is still supervising a major research project about divorce in Flanders. His major research interest is long term trends in reproductive behaviour in Europe (1850-2050).
Laatst gewijzigd: 24 maart 2015 14:42


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SouthworldCulture November 2012Minorities – Revolution's backlash?
Tuesday, 30 October 2012 8:34
Category:	Culture November 2012
Africa, Islam
Tunisia has always been a crossroad of cultures. The Arab-Muslim identity of many Tunisians cannot hide the Berber culture surviving beneath it, and now battling to acquire official status. Other minorities are equally part and parcel of the Tunisian landscape: Jews, Italians (especially Sicilians), and French communities have been present in the country for centuries. Since the beginning of the Arab revolutions, that in Tunisia saw their first spark, the traditional subtle blend of tolerance and moderation which cemented this cultural mosaic has been under threat.
The spirit of solidarity that immediately followed the revolution has been fast taken over by talks about the Arab-Muslim identity. Anti-Semitic and homophobic slogans, desecration of places of worship, anti-Black racism, confrontation with those supporting the rights of minorities, all these were just behind the corner. The president of the Tunisian Association for support of minorities (ATSM) – Yamina Thabet – says that in the past few months "we observed a disturbing accumulation of incidents".
Before the revolution, there was a ban on men growing beards and women wearing headscarves. The ban was lifted in the spirit of free choice. Now, there are Islamic-looking men and women everywhere, to the dismay of middle-class Tunisians who prefer jeans and T-shirts, or skirts and revealing dresses. People complain that the government's moderate Islamists are soft on the hardliner, giving the impression that an Islamic takeover is about to happen.
The newcomers on the social scene are the Salafists, young Muslim radicals who reject the moderate Sufi version of Islam. Soon after the revolution, they took over from the police in many rural areas. They organise street cleaning teams to sweep away rubbish, and vigilante groups who patrol at night to prevent crimes. They also imposed a restriction on restaurants and hotels selling alcohol. Many Tunisians fear that they went from the persecution of Ben Ali's police to that of Islamic hardliners, not the best of revolutions.
Those who like a cold beer are not the only one suffering: Salafists started harassing artists and threatening journalists who write unfavourably about them. They pursue the cancellation of the Spring Arts Festival in La Marsa, on the pretext that the artists were advocating homosexuality. "Artists are homosexuals" could be read on the leaflets distributed in the city. Homophobia is growing. After all, Samir Dilou, Minister of Human Rights, has been on the record for saying that "homosexuality is a sexual perversion, a mental illness requiring medical treatment".
Last September, when rio ts broke out after a well orchestrated campaign against an American produced film offending Mohammed, Salafists broke into the US embassy in Tunis and looted the American school nearby. Tunisians are now frightened of them. Salafists have repeatedly called for the death of Jews. The 2000 or so strong Jewish community is concerned."This is only the beginning. Nobody can predict what will happen in the next two or three years", a faithful said.
Most of the 32,000 Christians present in the country are foreigners, but there is a small local community. These are converts who now are afraid of being accused of apostasy by the Salafists. Maroun Lahham, Catholic Archbishop of Tunis, says "we do not fear, I feel that all doors are open", but perhaps his faithful do not agree. Who could forget the persecution of Copts in Egypt, or – to remain at home – the desecration of the Russian Orthodox church last April in Tunis.
The problem is not only religious. Berbers also fear the arrival of a radical form of Islam. The Salafists claim that all Tunisians are Arabs, and that their language id Arabic. Yet, the original people of Tunisia were not Arabs. Today the Amazigh, as Berbers are known locally, are weary of the intolerant and reactionary positions held by Salafists. Gathered under the Tunisian Association of Amazigh Culture, they claim to be more than 100,000 and willing to fight to preserve their culture and language. "We must ensure the survival of our heritage and its protection under the rule of law" says Khadija Saïdane, president of the association.
"Slavery was abolished in 1846, but we are still treated as second-class citizens. This is a topic that remains taboo, "says Jelloul, a black Tunisian. Black people – both of local origin of belonging to the growing diaspora community from South of the Sahara – are considered and treated as lesser human beings. Racism is clearly present and never subtle. A press campaign against Nejiba Hamrouni, Secretary General of the National Union of Tunisian Journalists, did not hesitate to insist on his skin colour to denigrate his skills.
Tunisia is on the verge of a cultural change. The majority of the population does not share views with radical Islamists, however they seem unable to sideline the extremists and open a true national platform for dialogue. At the moment, it is not advisable to be Jewish, Christian, gay, black or artist in Tunisia.
Magistiir Arrodabur


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Cody Webb
Singer, Songwriter, Musician, Producer, Performer
Cody Webb is the singer, songwriter, and guitarist for the American Alternative Rock band Ages Apart and is also a producer & songwriter at Belmont Lane Productions in Birmingham, AL.
Cody grew up in Muscle Shoals, AL surrounded by world famous recording studios, songwriters, and musicians. He has always been interested in music and entertaining people. He picked up the guitar at age 8 to find himself taking the 3 chords his grandfather showed him, and within 2 years, becoming musically fluent enough to write songs. Focusing on the styles of Guns N' Roses, Stevie Ray Vaughan, and Nirvana, to name a few, Cody started developing his craft further and began making waves in his home town. By the time Cody was 11 years old he started picking up gigs sitting in with bands and other artists at local night clubs. As the fire began to spread, he started looking for other outlets to distribute his music, so his grandfather offered to put him in the studio to record a 6 song demo.
Eager to make the big time; Cody recorded his first demo at age 13. Cody's grandfather financed the project and put him in a popular local studio. As a 1st time studio experience, Cody loved it. He tracked all instruments and vocals on the demo except for the drums which were programmed by the engineer. He realized that in order to do what he wanted he would need to start a band in order play bigger shows. After about a year of searching for band members, songwriting, and playing with other bands, Cody was ready to hit the studio again.
SELF-TITLED
Not even a year after cutting his 1st demo, Cody was primed and ready to record a full length record. Financially backed by his family, he purchased his own studio gear and started self producing his 2nd studio project. Taking notes from some of the area's best engineers and songwriters, Cody tracked all instruments and vocals, as well as mixed and mastered his 1st 14 song full length in his new home studio. With the help of his father, Cody was able to send the masters out for retail ready duplication & start promoting the CD.
As CD sales grew, Cody began booking shows of his own at local schools, clubs, gatherings, and churches.
AS IT SEEMS
After about 2 years of playing local shows and promoting his first full length CD, Cody was ready and determined to show the world more of his music. At age 16 he hit the studio to begin working on his 2nd full length album, again, tracking all instruments and vocals and mixing and mastering the entire project.
The recording process seemed like it took forever. With so many life changes going on throughout the tracking of the record, it felt like the project would never end. Finally, after 2 years of production, the new record was ready for release. With a new 20 song CD and a move to college ahead, Cody saw huge opportunity to spread his music and expand his fanbase.
In the Fall of 2003, Cody moved to Tuscaloosa to attend the University of Alabama. This is where the madness began to explode. Priming the scene for the release of his sophomore record, he started booking shows within the area. By the Summer of 2004, Cody was playing full-time and was ready to debut his new record As It Seems. Sales grew rapidly and more shows started hitting the tour schedule.
AGES APART
This is where things start to really take off. At the beginning of 2007 Cody left his current project to seek something bigger, better, and far more challenging. In January of 07 Cody posted on many online forums as well as on his Official Website that he has started a new project and is looking for musicians. After 7 months of exhaustive personnel scouting & auditioning, Cody hit the rehearsal studio with his new project soon to be, and what is now, Ages Apart.
In August of 07, Cody graduated from UA and moved to Birmingham, AL to join his bandmates and to push his new project to the next level. The band quickly gained local popularity and started branching out playing venues and festivals throughout Alabama and Mississippi. After 2 years and over 200 shows, Cody decided to pull the band off the road and start pre-production for their debut album.
2009 marked a new era for Cody's music and band as they spent 3 months, 8 hours a day, 5 days a week in the studio working on pre-production for their debut album. After an extensive search to find the right producer, Cody and the band teamed up with Travis Wyrick to take on this new journey. Ages Apart spent 4 weeks tracking with Travis at Lakeside Studios in Knoxville, TN and had the opportunity to bring in members from 10 Years and Pillar to add their flavor to the record.
The album, Can You Hear Me, features 10 tracks written to tell a story crying out the truth in which most are afraid to speak of. A lot of the material on the record comes from stories and emotions, not only from the band's personal lives, but, from those of their fans. You can find Can You Hear Me at any major digital retailer as well as Ages Apart's 'The Merch Store'.
S.T.A.T.I.C.
May 19, 2015: Ages Apart returns with their widely anticipated sophomore release S.T.A.T.I.C.—an intense and multidimensional narrative of a broken society. Interpret the lyrics as eulogies to lost relationships, or as political and spiritual polemics. Every listener will hear something personal and feel something unique. In stores now: Merch Store, iTunes, Amazon, GooglePlay
Ages Apart will be touring nationally in support of their new record. Make sure to stay in touch with tour dates here.
When Cody's not on the road he's busy producing other artists and helping develop up and coming talent under his production company Belmont Lane Productions in Birmingham, AL.
Jake Fountain
Will Bradley
Hunter Watson
Lester Estelle Jr.
Travis Wyrick
Tony Mason
Lucid Audio Project
Badass Snacks
CLS Cases
Venue Magic
Spectraflex
Oh Hair
InTune Picks
Blanket Fort Hope
Breast Cancer Research of Alabama
The Campaign to Change Direction
Music For Relief
Call of All
Relit Records
Belmont Lane Productions
BLP MEDIA
whymusicmatters.com
Another creative website design by BLP Media & Design


This lovely glass box, featuring an image of a Buddha statue among beautiful floral blossoms and branches, offers a pretty place to keep your special treasures. Six beveled glass panels are fitted together to form the box with paper designs affixed to the glass. The lid lifts open to reveal a felt lining that will cushion small keepsakes and mementos.
Buddha trinket box with felt lining.


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AfricaUganda
Visa & Passport Requirements for Uganda
AfricaUgandaVisa & Passport Requirements for Uganda
How To Travel To Uganda
How To Travel Around Uganda
Destinations in Uganda
Accommodation & Hotels in Uganda
Ugandan visas are now available online at visas.immigration.go.ug, as well as in embassies and high commissions across the country. The Uganda Visa Policy is based on the reciprocity principle, which means that all countries that need visas for Ugandans also require visas for Ugandans.
Fees for visas will begin on July 22nd, 2016. USD50 for a single entry valid for 90 days. Inland transportation costs $50. East Africa is a continent in East Africa. USD100 for a 90-day multiple-entry tourist visa.
Because multiple entry visas are expensive and must be obtained from Uganda's diplomatic missions abroad, genuine tourists may want to consider the East Africa Tourist Visa, which was announced in January 2014 and first issued in March 2014, and allows for multiple entries in a 90-day period for USD100 and has no "country of origin restrictions." This visa is available for purchase online (or when you get to Kenya or Rwanda if that is your first port). However, because some picky airlines may refuse to board you without proof of a visa, Rwanda has wisely set up an online website to issue them. This means that some tourists may prefer to fly into Kigali, Rwanda's capital, rather than Entebbe or Nairobi, because the visa must be issued by the country you first intend to visit (similar principle to Schengen visas in the EU).
Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Comoros, Cyprus, Eritrea, Fiji, Gambia, Grenada, Ireland, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Malta, Mauritius, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Vanuatu, Zambia, and Zimbabwe are among the countries that do not require visas.
At immigration offices in Kampala, Fort Portal, Jinja, and Mbarara, you may obtain a free one-month visa extension. However, you can only obtain a visa extension on a 90-day single entry Uganda visa, not on a 90-day East African tourist visa.
By planeUgandan air transport is centered at Entebbe Airport. Many flights to African cities depart from here.South African Airways offers direct flights to and from Johannesburg on a daily basis.Turkish Airlines has daily flights from Istanbul to Entebbe, with connections to Europe and Asia.Emirates operates daily Boeing 777-200LR flights from Entebbe to...
By boda-bodaThe boda-boda is a popular mode of transportation in Kampala and neighboring cities. These are tiny mopeds, motorbikes, bicycles, or scooters with back cushions that are utilized by locals for inexpensive transportation. If you're going to use a boda-boda, be very cautious since they're often engaged in accidents;...
Cities and towns in UgandaKampala, Uganda's capital, is a humming African metropolis. It is Uganda's sole 'city.'Arua is a town in Uganda's northwest region, accessible by daily flights from Entebbe Airport or by bus from Kampala.Entebbe — On the banks of Lake Victoria, Entebbe is a mix of upscale...
Uganda has a large number of hotels. If you stay on the upper end, expect to spend over $100 a night. Typical traveler Simple rooms with shared toilets will be available for approximately 15,000 to 30,000 shillings in guest homes, lodges, and inns.for the really frugal traveler There are...
Things To See in Uganda
There are plenty of accessible vacation highlights in Uganda. Uganda, dubbed the "Pearl of Africa" by Winston Churchill, is known for its stunning scenery and kind people. Uganda is still one of the poorest nations in the world, and it is still rebuilding from some terrible years, but it...
Things To Do in Uganda
In Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, go gorilla tracking. You'll need to purchase a permit, which must be reserved in advance owing to limited availability (only a few tourists are taken near the gorillas a day, in order not to disturb them). With a permit in hand, you'll be able...
Food & Drinks in Uganda
Food in UgandaUgandan cuisine is a wonder.Luwombo, which is beef or groundnut sauce cooked in banana leaves, is available to try. It has a delectable fragrance and is always served with "meal," which in Ugandan slang refers to any kind of carbohydrate. Plantain matooke in the south, millet in...
Money & Shopping in Uganda
The Ugandan shilling (UGX) (sometimes spelled Ush or Shs) is the country's currency. This indication (5,000/-) will also appear. UGX50,000, 20,000, 10,000, 5000, 2000, and 1000 bank notes, as well as 500, 200, 100, and 50 shilling coins, are available (10, 5, and 1 shilling coins exist but are...
Internet & Communications in Uganda
The majority of the nation is covered by mobile phone networks (about 80%), although topography may create problems in hilly areas. SIM cards are inexpensively available in'starter packs' everywhere, but they must be registered before they can be used.Internet cafes may be found in Kampala and Jinja, as well...
Traditions & Customs in Uganda
Uganda is a Christian/Muslim country with a strict culture. Wearing revealing clothes or blatantly displaying one's sexuality is usually frowned upon by women. The sole exception is in specific Kampala nightlife settings. The majority of Ugandans attend church or mosque on a regular basis and believe religion to be...
Language & Phrasebook in Uganda
The lingua franca is English, which is widely spoken to various degrees of competence. The most educated utilize British English, although Ugandan English frequently takes on a life of its own. Ugandans speak a variety of African languages, the most popular of which is Luganda, which is nearly widely...
Culture Of Uganda
Uganda's culture is varied due to the vast number of groups. Many Asians (mainly from India) who were exiled from Uganda during Amin's reign have returned.SportThe country's national basketball squad is becoming more successful. The Silverbacks are the team's moniker, and they made their debut in the 2015 FIBA...
History Of Uganda
Until 1,700 to 2,300 years ago, Ugandans were hunter-gatherers. Bantu-speaking people came to the country's southern regions, most likely from central and western Africa. The Empire of Kitara, which existed in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, was the first organized organization, followed by the kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara, then Buganda...
Stay Safe & Healthy in Uganda
Stay Safe in UgandaSince its independence in 1962, Uganda has been home to some of the most horrific crimes in modern African history, especially under the vile tyrant Idi Amin, but things have steadily improved since 1987. After 25 years of Yoweri Museveni's stereotypically'strong man' leadership, the country is...
Why Do Flights Today Last Longer Than 40...
A Kiss In The Alley Of Kisses Brings...
The idyllic village without roads and cars
What to do in Amsterdam?
The ancient city of Meroe, which hardly anyone...
Unusual Things That You Probably Never Heard About...


The Haiti Support Ministry was birthed in 2003 through the vision of our Pastor. The scope and priority of the ministry is to be a blessing to our brothers and sisters in Cabaret, Haiti. We travel annually to Cabaret and spend a week there providing medical treatment, medication, & supplies to the Haiti residents.
Evangelizing the Word of God to the people of Haiti while working to improve their quality of life through healthcare and education.


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Ashfield, New South Wales
Get Ashfield, New South Wales essential facts below. View Videos or join the Ashfield, New South Wales discussion. Add Ashfield, New South Wales to your PopFlock.com topic list for future reference or share this resource on social media.
Suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Liverpool Road, Ashfield
23,841 (2016 census)[1]
o Density
6,810/km2 (17,640/sq mi)
3.5 km2 (1.4 sq mi)
8 km (5 mi) west of Sydney CBD
LGA(s)
Inner West Council
State electorate(s)
Federal Division(s)
Grayndler
Suburbs around Ashfield:
Croydon Five Dock Haberfield
Croydon Park Ashfield Summer Hill
Ashbury Hurlstone Park Dulwich Hill
Ashfield within the Inner West Council area
NASA image of Sydney's CBD and inner west suburbs, with borders of Ashfield shown in orange
Ashfield is a suburb in the Inner West[2] of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Ashfield is about 8 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district.
Ashfield's population is highly multicultural. Its urban density is relatively high for Australia, with the majority of the area's dwellings being a mixture of mainly post-war low-rise flats (apartment blocks) and Federation-era detached houses. Amongst these are a number of grand Victorian buildings that offer a hint of Ashfield's rich cultural heritage.
Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the area now known as Ashfield was inhabited by the Wangal people. Wangal country was believed to be centred on modern-day Concord and stretched east to the swampland of Long Cove Creek (now known as Hawthorne Canal). The land was heavily wooded at the time with tall eucalypts covering the higher ground and a variety of swampy trees along Iron Cove Creek. The people hunted by killing native animals and fish. The arrival of the First Fleet in 1788 had a devastating effect on the local people, mainly from the introduction of smallpox, to which the indigenous people had little resistance.[3]
Early British settlement
By 1790, a rough track had been built between the colony's two settlements at Sydney Cove and Parramatta. This route later became the main artery of the expanding Greater Sydney and, as the northern boundary of what is now Ashfield, dictated early British settlement in the area. The first land grant in the area was made to Rev Richard Johnson in 1793 and all of it had been granted by 1810. By the 1820s, all the grants had been amalgamated into two large estates: Ashfield Park (the northern half between Liverpool Road and Parramatta Road) and Canterbury Estate (the area south of Liverpool Road). Ashfield Park was named by Robert Campbell, whose father was the laird of Ashfield in Scotland.[4]
Early Subdivision Plans
Choice Villa Sites, Ashfield, 1876, Watkin and Watkin, lithograph Gibbs Shallard and Co.
Ashfield Park Estate, 1904, Raine and Horne, under the will of late T H Kelly, lithograph William Brooks
Village of Ashfield, 1879, Richardson and Wrench, lithograph Gibbs Shallard and Co.
Pope's Estate, Ashfield, 1903, Richardson and Wrench, lithograph S T Leigh
Fernbank Estate Ashfield, 1907, Richardson and Wrench, lithograph S T Leigh
St Regulus Estate Ashfield, 1907, Richardson and Wrench, lithograph J M Cantle
AshfieldVale, c.1910, Hardie and Corman, lithograph John Sands
In 1838, Elizabeth Underwood, then owner of Ashfield Park, subdivided part of her land to form the village of Ashfield between Liverpool Road and Alt Street. Part of the subdivision was the building of St John's Church in Alt Street in 1841. This is the oldest surviving building in Ashfield. By 1855, the village had about 70 houses and 200 residents. However, the opening of the Sydney-Parramatta railway line that year, with Ashfield as one of its six original stations, led to a population explosion. In 1872, there were enough residents for the area to be granted a municipal council. By 1890, the population had grown to 11,000.[5]
Amesbury, heritage-listed home of Norman Selfe
During this time, Ashfield was seen as a highly desirable location compared to the city, which had become crowded and pestilent. Many grand Victorian houses were built in the latter part of the 19th century. But by the time of World War I, the suburb had fallen out of favour and the rich residents had mostly headed for the North Shore. Many of the grand homes were knocked down in the 1920s and 1930s and replaced with small art deco blocks of flats or semi-detached houses. A few remain, however, and are listed in the Landmarks section.[6]
By the 1950s, the population of Ashfield had begun to fall, as it had in many surrounding suburbs, as people moved to newer houses on larger blocks of land on the urban fringe. The Council's response was to start approving large blocks of flats, many of which were built during the 1960s and 1970s but which also continue to be built today. There is, however, recognition of the area's heritage with many buildings in the suburb protected by heritage orders.[7]
Workers in the old AWA factory in 1936
Peak Freans American biscuit factory (1937) corner Frederick Street and Parramatta Road Ashfield
Former Peek Freans biscuit factory, now a Bunnings Warehouse (2009)
While never a noted industrial suburb, Ashfield has had a couple of significant industries. On Parramatta Road near Frederick Street was the Australian Six motor car factory which opened in 1920. The site later became an AWA factory producing radio valves and other components. The site has since been turned into a commercial and residential development. On the other side of Frederick Street was the Peek Freans biscuit factory, the tower of which was (and still is) a familiar site to passing motorists on Parramatta Road. However, this factory is also no longer industrial, serving today as a large Bunnings Warehouse.[8]
Restaurants on Liverpool Road
The main shopping precinct is located along Liverpool Road south of Ashfield railway station. Along this strip, there are a few medium-sized office blocks, many street-level shops and Ashfield Mall, a shopping centre containing supermarkets, a discount department store and specialty shops. This commercial area also extends into Charlotte Street and Elizabeth Street on the northern side of the station. A second commercial precinct is located along Parramatta Road consisting mostly of automotive-related retail and light industry.
According to the 2006 census, the most common way of getting to work from Ashfield was by car (46%) followed by train (41%). Ten per cent of people used buses for all or part of their journey while six percent walked and one percent rode a bike. The total patronage of public transport (46%) is more than double the rate for Sydney overall.[9][10]
Ashfield is located at the intersection of two major roads. Parramatta Road runs from Sydney city to Parramatta and ultimately continues on as the Great Western Highway through Penrith and the Blue Mountains to Bathurst. Liverpool Road runs from Parramatta Road at Ashfield to Liverpool and ultimately continues on as the Hume Highway to Melbourne via Goulburn and Albury. While completion of the Sydney Orbital Network has bypassed these two roads somewhat, they remain busy and well connected to all parts of Sydney. Another major road is Frederick/Milton Street which connects the City West Link Road at Haberfield with Georges River Road at Croydon Park. There is also a proposal to build a tunnel connecting the City West Link Road with the start of the M4 Western Motorway at North Strathfield. However, the proposal has drawn substantial local opposition and the plan is currently under review.[11][12]
Ashfield railway station
Ashfield railway station is on the Inner West & Leppington Line of the Sydney Trains network. Ashfield was opened in 1855 as part of the original Sydney to Parramatta railway.[13] It was renovated in 2002. There are express and all stations services to the City Circle, Homebush, Parramatta and Leppington.[14][15]
Ashfield is the terminus for two Transit Systems bus services: 464 and 466 (to Mortlake and Cabarita respectively, via Enfield and Burwood). Another nine routes pass through Ashfield: 406 (to Five Dock and Hurlstone Park), 413 (City to Campsie), 418 (to Burwood and Bondi Junction), 461 (City to Burwood), 490 & 492 (Drummoyne to Rockdale and Hurstville), 491 (Five Dock to Hurstville and 480 & 483 (City to Strathfield).[16]
From the 1890s until 1948 a tram service ran from Ashfield to Enfield and Burwood. The trams were originally powered by steam, but were electrified in 1910.
There are virtually no dedicated bicycle paths in the suburb of Ashfield but there is a local bicycle users group which has worked with the Council to identify preferred routes through Ashfield for cyclists. The Strathfield-Newtown route is the most important of these, passing down Park Lane and Robert Street towards Summer Hill where it links with the Cooks River to Iron Cove Greenway Corridor providing access to those two popular local cycleways.[17]
St Vincent's Primary School
Ashfield has three primary schools: Ashfield Public (on Liverpool Road), St Vincents (a Catholic school in Bland Street), and Yeo Park Infants (on Victoria Street at the southern extremity of the suburb). It also has three high schools: Ashfield Boys High School (next to Ashfield Public on Liverpool Road), Bethlehem College (a Catholic girls school in Bland Street), and De La Salle College (a Catholic boys school next to Bethlehem in Bland Street).
Ashfield Public is the oldest of these having been established in 1876 after much lobbying from local residents. Prior to that there had been schools operating out of the Methodist, Anglican and Presbyterian churches and there had even be a public school operating briefly out of the Methodist church between 1862 and 1866 but it wasn't until 1876 that it became a permanent fixture. In 1907, two years of secondary school were added and the school became a Superior School but it wasn't until 1965 that Ashfield Boys High was formally established and separated from the primary school.[18]
Bethlehem was the first high school in the area, established by the Sisters of Charity in 1881. It led to a Catholic primary school St Charles being established shortly after. When it burnt down in 1904, St Vincents became the replacement, taking on the name of the newly built church next door. The De La Salle school was established in 1915.[19]
The year after Bethlehem was established, an Anglican girls boarding school called Normanhurst School was started in Bland Street. It moved to Orpington Street in 1888 and stayed there until 1941 when it closed down. It produced a number of notable students including Pamela Travers (author of Mary Poppins) and tennis champion Daphne Akhurst. There were a number of other private schools in the area during this period as well but none survived to the present day.[20]
There are no public hospitals in Ashfield although there are two private facilities. The Sydney Private Hospital on the corner of Victoria Street and Robert Street first opened in 1931 as the Masonic Hospital. It did at one point have an Accident and Emergency Unit, an Intensive Care Unit, and a Maternity Unit. All of these were closed down in 2000 when the hospital changed ownership. It now focuses on elective surgery. The Wesley Private Hospital in Frederick Street is a well established mental health facility.[21][22]
The nearest public hospitals to Ashfield are Canterbury Hospital in Campsie and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Camperdown.
There are a surprising number of residential aged care facilities in the suburb including stand alone services and services operated by larger organisations. Most are located in large buildings that were once rather grand domestic establishments with a small number of modern, purpose built faciilites.
Location map of selected Ashfield landmarks
For visitors passing through Ashfield along Parramatta Road, Liverpool Road or the railway line, the three main landmarks that stand out are the tower of the old Peek Frean Biscuit factory (now Bunnings Warehouse) on Parramatta Road, Wests Leagues Club on Liverpool Road next to the railway line and the Ashfield water reservoir in Holden Street to the south of the town centre. The water tower was built in 1912 and provides the water supply for the surrounding areas.[23]
Ashfield Castle, Queen Street
Ashfield Council produced a number of guides for heritage walks in the area,[24] but these guides aren't being printed anymore. Some of the important heritage buildings in Ashfield, from Ashfield council's heritage guide, are found in the section below. The Inner West Council doesn't currently have any guides for the Ashfield area although they do have heritage guides for Balmain and Leichhardt.[24]
To the south of the town centre are Plynlimmon (built 1867) in Norton St and now a child care centre; Glenore (built 1897) and Buninyong (built 1901), two adjacent properties in Tintern Road; Mountjoy (built 1870) now part of the hospital in Victoria Street; Glentworth (built 1887) also in Victoria Street and now part of a retirement village; Ashfield Castle (built 1887) in Queen Street and originally known as Ambleside; Thirning Villa, (built 1868) and now part of Pratten Park; Gallop House in Arthur Street, now part of a nursing home; and Milton in Blackwood Avenue, which was built in the 1850s and was once home to NSW Premier Sir Henry Parkes. North of the railway line are Pittwood in Charlotte Street, formerly part of a nursing home but now used by Sydney Missionary and Bible College;[25] the impressive tower of Amesbury (built 1888) in Alt Street; nearby Taringa in Taringa Street; and Gorton in Henry Street, which was built in 1860 and since 1876 has been the Infants Home. On Lapish Avenue on the western end of town still stands a street scape of five Art Deco Sydney Bungalow styled semi-detached pairs and a block of units at each end that were designed and built during World War II as speculative housing[26] the full history of the land has been meticulously research and documented.
A number of these properties are listed on the Register of the National Estate including Amesbury, Ashfield Castle, Buninyong, Glenore, Taringa and two unnamed Gothic houses at 177-179 Norton Street. Also listed on the Register are Ashfield Park (see Parks section), the police and fire station in Victoria Street, and the band rotunda in Yeo Park.[27][28]
St John the Baptist's Anglican Church, Ashfield
St Vincent's Roman Catholic Church
Ashfield Baptist Church
The first church in Ashfield was St. John the Baptist's Anglican Church in Alt Street. It was part of Elizabeth Underwood's 1838 subdivision that gave rise to the village of Ashfield and was reserved by her for the purpose of 'the erection of an Episcopalian Church'. Prior to then, Anglican church services had been held in her house. Work on St Johns began in 1840 and after the project was taken over by colonial architect Edmund Blacket, it was consecrated in 1845. It is the oldest surviving building in Ashfield.[29]
In 1842, neighbouring landowner Robert Campbell made an acre of land between Liverpool Road and Norton Street available for a Methodist chapel and schoolhouse. In 1864 a larger building was erected on the site which still exists as the Ashfield Uniting Church. It is also home of the Exodus Foundation providing 400 meals a day to the needy.[30]
The Presbyterians didn't build a local church until 1876, choosing a site on the corner of Liverpool Road and Knox Street. Prior to this they attended St David's in Haberfield. Although they later built a larger church on the same Knox Street site, the original church is located at the South Western corner of the property, having been moved twice from its original location.[31]
Catholic services began in the area in 1880 with the establishment of Bethlehem College. Services quickly outgrew the school's small chapel and in 1894, the Vincentian Fathers started building a church in Bland Street, opposite Bethlehem. Designed by Catholic Architects Sheerin and Hennessy in a grand Romanesque style, St Vincents was completed in 1907.[32]
The Baptists held their first service in the School of Arts building on the corner of Liverpool Road and Holden Street. After building a small church further down Holden Street in 1886, they returned to the School of Arts in 1903 which then became known as the Baptist Tabernacle. In 1937, they sold the building, which was knocked down and replaced with a cinema, and moved to their current site on the corner of Holden and Norton Streets. It is Gothic in style with a landmark tower, an impressive street facade and a sympathetically designed adjoining hall.[33]
The Seventh-day Adventists have had a church in Ashfield for over 100 years. The church was first established from a series of camp meetings held in the area in the late 1890s. The current church is located on Charlotte Street.
Cricket at Pratten Park with Thirning Villa on the far side of the ground and Ashfield town centre behind that.
Ashfield Park on Parramatta Road is one of the largest urban landscapes in inner west Sydney. It features big phoenix palms, a war memorial, a children's playground with a statue of Mary Poppins, a monument to International Mother Language Day built by former artist-in-residence Ian Marr and the Bangladeshi community, a statue of Philippines national hero Jose Rizal, a sporting field and one of Sydney's oldest bowling clubs. The park, which is just over 6 hectares in area,[34] was proclaimed in 1885 when it was claimed at the time you could 'see all the way to Martin Place'.[35]
The area's major sporting ground is Pratten Park, home of the Western Suburbs grade cricket club in summer and used by the Canterbury District Soccer Football Association in winter. There are also tennis courts and a bowling club adjacent to the main oval. Thirning Villa, located within the park, is home to the Ashfield District Historical Society and an artist in residence sponsored by the local council.[36]
The other sporting field in the area is at Hammond Park on Frederick Street. It predates both Ashfield Park and Pratten Park having begun life in 1877 as a private cricket ground. In 1888, it was intended to be the setting for the first descent of a parachute from a hot air balloon in Australia. Unfortunately, the parachutist (JT Williams) missed the mark and landed in Homebush, roughly 4 km away. This park was also the site of an ice skating rink in the late 1800s.[37]
The other parks of note in the area are Yeo Park on the southern edge of the suburb and featuring a National Heritage listed band rotunda, and Explorers Park on the corner of Parramatta Road and Liverpool Road, built to commemorate the point where many early British explorers began their journeys west and south. It also features engraved images from early indigenous people in Sydney.
Ashfield Aquatic Centre is currently under major redevelopment by Inner West Council and expected to reopen early 2020.[38] The new facility has a budget of $44.7 million and will include a new indoor 50m heated pool, a new multi-purpose outdoor pool with an adjustable/moveable floor (which can change its depth by 2.1m), a new children's leisure pool, a café, changing areas/rooms, a new sauna, steam and spa, a crèche, a 1000 square metre gym, a retail space, covered seating, community green spaces with landscaping and more parking spaces. The pool will continue to have 4 swimming pools, although they will all be new. Some of the pools may change usage and location around the centre.[39][40]
Ashfield Town Hall in 1938. The original Victorian building was extensively remodelled in the Art Deco style in the 1920s. This building was demolished in the 1970s to make way for Ashfield Mall and the current Council buildings. Photo courtesy State Library of NSW
The suburb of Ashfield is within the Inner West Council local government area, in the inner western region of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia.
For federal elections, Ashfield is part of the electoral division of Grayndler, currently held by Labor's Anthony Albanese. Since 1977, it has mostly been in this Division although parts have been in the neighbouring Divisions of Lowe and Watson at various times. Previously, the suburb was in the electorate of Parkes from Federation in 1901 until 1949. From then until 1977 it was in the now abolished electorate of Evans.
For state elections, Ashfield is part of the Summer Hill electorate. Before the 2015 state election, the suburb was split between the electoral divisions of Strathfield and Canterbury. Prior to 1894, Ashfield was in the state electorate of Canterbury. From 1894 until 1999, there was a state electorate of Ashfield, which was abolished when the state government decided to reduce the total number of electorates in the state.
Voting in Ashfield (2008-2012)
Elections Ash08[41] Fed10[42] NSW11[43][44]
First Preference Results
Labor 32% 48% 41%
Liberal 20% 30% 36%
Greens 24% 18% 20%
Independents 20% nc 2%
nc=no candidate
Chinese lion dancing entertains a crowd in the Ashfield shopping mall.
2016 Census Ashfield
Ashfield[1] Sydney[45] Australia[46]
Population 23,841 4,823,991 23,401,892
Median age 34 36 38
Median weekly income $1,632 $1,750 $1,438
Born in Australia 39% 57% 67%
Born in China 14.7% 4.7% 3.1%
Living in free standing houses 23% 57% 73%
Living in apartments 66% 28% 13%
In the 2016 census of Population and Housing, Ashfield had a population of 23,841 people, in an area of 3.5 square kilometres. The median age (34) was slightly younger than the national average (38) while the median household income ($1,632 per week) was better off than the national average but lower than the figure for the Greater Sydney region.[1]
One area where Ashfield differed markedly from the national figures was in its ethnic mix. Australian born residents are a minority with only 38.7% of Ashfield residents being Australian-born. The most other common countries of birth were China 14.7%, Nepal 7.0%, India 5.1%, Philippines 2.6% and England 1.9%. 39.6% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin 14.7%, Nepali 7.2%, Cantonese 5.2%, Italian 2.5% and Thai 1.8%.[1]
The most common responses for religion were No Religion 33.1%, Catholic 20.5% and Hinduism 11.2%.[1]
The other area where Ashfield differs is its housing. Of the 8,540 occupied private dwellings counted, 66.3% were flats (compared to the national figure of 13.1%), 23.2% were detached houses, while 7.9% were semi-detached or attached houses. Ashfield also had a higher than average number of people renting (51.3%) compared to houses owned outright (22.5%) or being purchased (21.3%).[1]
Notable residents
Bust of Mei Quong Tart near Ashfield train station
The following notable people were born or lived in Ashfield:
Daphne Akhurst (1903-1933): Five times Australian Open tennis champion, who was born and raised in Ashfield.
Geraldine Brooks (1955-): Pulitzer- Prize-winning author, she grew up in Ashfield and lived there during her University studies.
Robert Campbell (1769-1846): Early settler responsible for giving Ashfield its name.
Ian Clunies Ross (1899-1959): Veterinary scientist and founder of the CSIRO, he was for a while commemorated on the Australian $50 note.
Rev Bill Crews (1944-): As the Minister of Ashfield Uniting Church, he created the Exodus Foundation to assist homeless and abandoned youth.
Mei Quong Tart (1850-1903): Prominent Sydney businessman, tea house owner and acting consul to the Imperial Chinese government in the late 19th century.
Sir Henry Parkes (1815-1896): Former NSW Premier and "Father of Federation", he lived in Ashfield during the 1870s.
P. L. Travers (1899-1996): Author of five volumes of Mary Poppins stories, she lived in Ashfield during her later school years.
2007 Carnival of Cultures
The major community event in Ashfield each year is the Carnival of Cultures, a celebration of the area's multiculturalism. Held every year since 1996 in Ashfield Park, it includes performances, food stalls and children's entertainment.[47] In recent years, the Sydney Writers' Festival has also held part of its library program in Ashfield as part of the regular Authors at Ashfield (since the 2016 merge to the Inner West Council, it has been known as 'speaker series') series of talks.[48]
Ashfield Council developed a program of community arts in the suburb, which continued into the merge into Inner West Council in 2016. This included the funding of an artist-in-residence, who is based at Thirning Villa in Pratten Park. The current artist is the Refugee Art Project.[49][50] Part of their residency involves artist talks, community workshops and teaching/educating at local schools. In front of Thirning Villa is Ashfield's version of the Rosetta Stone, made by former artist-in-residence Ian Marr and featuring a passage from the Iliad by Homer in twelve different community languages. Another former artist was the writer Van Badham.[51][52]
Ashfield has a long history with the sport of rugby league. The Western Suburbs Magpies rugby league team was formed in Ashfield in 1908 and played in the inaugural New South Wales Rugby League competition that year. The club won its four premierships (1930, 1934, 1948 & 1952) while based at Pratten Park. It moved west to Lidcombe Oval in 1967, then southwest to Campbelltown Stadium in 1987. In 2000, the club merged with the Balmain Tigers to form the Wests Tigers which splits its games between Leichhardt Oval and Campbelltown. The Wests Leagues Club has stayed in Ashfield since 1908 despite the wanderings of its home ground.[53]
Ashfield also holds a cycling milestone when it hosted the first woman's cycling race in the world in 1888. Dorothy Morrell won the two-mile (3 km) race.[54]
^ a b c d e f Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Ashfield (State Suburb)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 2018.
^ Australian Suburb Guide: Sydney Inner West Archived 26 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 7 August 2013.
^ Coupe, S&R: Speed the Plough, page 9-19. Ashfield Municipal Council, 1988 ISBN 0-9595234-1-3
^ Pratten, C: "A short walk through Ashfield's past", page 1> "A short walk through Ashfield's past" (PDF). Ashfield Municipal Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2005. Retrieved 2007.
^ Pratten, C: "A short walk through Ashfield's past", page 1-2> "A short walk through Ashfield's past" (PDF). Ashfield Municipal Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2005. Retrieved 2007.
^ Pratten, C: "A short walk through Ashfield's past", page 3,21,24> "A short walk through Ashfield's past" (PDF). Ashfield Municipal Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2005. Retrieved 2007.
^ "2006 Census Community Profile Series : Ashfield (State Suburb)". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 2008.
^ "2006 Census Community Profile Series : Sydney (Statistical Division)". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 2008.
^ "Traffic Volume Data for Sydney Region 2002 p.23,26,33" (PDF). Roads & Traffic Authority of NSW. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 September 2007. Retrieved 2007.
^ "M4 East shelved in roads makeover". Sydney Morning Herald. 27 April 2005. Retrieved 2007.
^ Bozier, Rolfe, "NSWRail.Net: Ashfield Railway Station". Retrieved 3 November 2007.
^ "Your chance to be part of the 150 years celebrations". Railcorp. Retrieved 2007.
^ "T2: Inner West & Leppington line timetable". Transport for NSW.
^ Sydney Inner West/South Guide Transit Systems
^ "The HCAT Innerwest Bike Map" (PDF). Marrickville South Sydney Bicycle Group. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 September 2007. Retrieved 2007.
^ Coupe, S&R: Speed the Plough, page 74-75,107-110, 211-213. Ashfield Municipal Council, 1988 ISBN 0-9595234-1-3
^ Coupe, S&R: Speed the Plough, page 112-114,214-215. Ashfield Municipal Council, 1988 ISBN 0-9595234-1-3
^ Coupe, S&R: Speed the Plough, page 112-114. Ashfield Municipal Council, 1988 ISBN 0-9595234-1-3
^ "The History of Sydney Private Hospital". Sydney Private Hospital. Archived from the original on 23 January 2007. Retrieved 2007.
^ "Wesley Private Hospital". Wesley Mission. Archived from the original on 31 August 2007. Retrieved 2007.
^ "Ashfield Reservoir" (PDF). Sydney Water. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 September 2007. Retrieved 2007.
^ a b "Ashfield Council - Heritage Walks". Ashfield Municipal Council. Archived from the original on 5 February 2007. Retrieved 2007.
^ Sydney Missionary and Bible College, "SMBC: About: Campuses: Ashfield". Retrieved 26 September 2007. Archived 20 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Group of five semi-detached pairs of residences" (PDF). Ashfield Council. 2001. Retrieved 2016.
^ "Australian Heritage Database". Dept of the Environment, Water, Heritage and Arts. Retrieved 2008.
^ The Heritage of Australia, Macmillan Company, 1981, p.2/11
^ Coupe, S&R: Speed the Plough, page 48-51. Ashfield Municipal Council, 1988 ISBN 0-9595234-1-3
^ Coupe, S&R: Speed the Plough, page 51. Ashfield Municipal Council, 1988 ISBN 0-9595234-1-3
^ Coupe, S&R: Speed the Plough, page 81,186. Ashfield Municipal Council, 1988 ISBN 0-9595234-1-3
^ "Ashfield Council- Our Parks". web page. Ashfield Council. 2008. Retrieved 2010.
^ "The story behind Ashfield Park" (PDF). Ashfield Municipal Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 2007.
^ "Ashfield Municipal Council - Hiring Parks and Sporting Fields". Ashfield Municipal Council. Archived from the original on 5 February 2007. Retrieved 2007.
^ Pratten, C: "A short walk through Ashfield's past", page 4,9> "A short walk through Ashfield's past" (PDF). Ashfield Municipal Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2005. Retrieved 2007.
^ Ashfield Aquatic Centre Inner West Council
^ Ashfield Aquatic Centre project Inner West Council
^ Ashfield Aquatic Centre |Ashfield Council
^ "The Council of the Municipality of Ashfield Elections". Elections NSW. Retrieved 2011.
^ "Federal Election 2004 - Polling Booth Results (Grayndler)". Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 2011.
^ "NSW Election 2011 - State Electoral District of Strathfield". Elections NSW. Retrieved 2011.
^ "NSW Election 2007 - State Electoral District of Canterbury". Elections NSW. Retrieved 2011.
^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Greater Sydney (Capital City Statistical Area)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 2017.
^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Australia". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 2018.
^ "Carnival of Cultures". Ashfield Municipal Council. Archived from the original on 5 February 2007. Retrieved 2007.
^ "Authors at Ashfield". Ashfield Municipal Council. Archived from the original on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 2007.
^ Patchett, Olivia. "Inner West Current Artist in Residence". Inner West Council. Retrieved 2018.
^ "Current Artist in Residence". Ashfield Municipal Council. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 2011.
^ "Past Artists in Residence". Ashfield Municipal Council. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 2011.
^ "Artist in Residence Program". Ashfield Municipal Council. Retrieved 2011.
^ "Wests History Milestones". Western Suburbs Leagues Club. Archived from the original on 31 August 2007. Retrieved 2007.
^ Brown, R: Collins Milestone in Australian History. Collins, 1986 ISBN 0-00-216581-3
Coordinates: 33°53?20?S 151°07?30?E / 33.8889°S 151.1249°E / -33.8889; 151.1249
Two Men Charged For Murder of Chinese National
Ashfield,_New_South_Wales


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