text:
The Weird World Inside North Korea – My Trip
In September 2014, I visited North Korea (the Democratic People's Republic of Korea) for a week.
When I told people I was going there, I received two responses: "Do you really mean North?" ("Yes, North," was my reply); or "Why?"
Both are fair questions. Most people don't even realise you can travel to North Korea. (You can, but only as part of an organised and authorised tour.)
Invariably, western media references to North Korea are prefixed by phrases such as "the secretive state" or "the hermit state". Branded by George W Bush as part of an 'Axis of Evil' (along with Iran, Iraq, Syria and Libya), I think it will forever be tarnished with this soubriquet. In many ways, there is no place on earth like it. It has the world's only totalitarian, socialist, hereditary regime; a vast military might, including nuclear weapons, yet grinding poverty; what appear to be concentration camps and public executions; and an apparently brainwashed population, who have no idea what goes on in the outside world. It has parallels with the Soviet Union during the 1960s and 1970s or China during the Cultural Revolution. Yet there are differences, including the personality cult of the leadership, the Kim dynasty, and their almost God-like status in a God-less country. All in all, it is a unique and, hopefully, never to be replicated place. I had long been fascinated and intrigued by it.
Little is really known about what goes on inside the country. Would I get a real insight, or see only what the authorities wanted?
There are no major sites in North Korea of world standard. Simply being inside the country is an incredible experience. Although I have travelled extensively throughout the world, this trip was different.
1. Brushes With Security
2. Alone in the 'Axis of Evil'
3. Meeting the Locals
4. Who Turned the Lights Out?
5. Is it Real, or is it North Korean Propaganda I
6. Is it Real, or is it North Korean Propaganda II
7. Getting To the Truth
8. Kingdom of the Kims
9. The North-South Divide
This entry was posted in Travel and tagged DPRK, inside north korea, korea, north korea, pyongyang, travel north korea on March 1, 2015 by ianpatrick1.
Part 1/9: Brushes With Security
Entering the country from China, the group and I had no idea what kind of reception we would have. Nervousness of the unknown increased as the train stopped at Sinuiju station for the immigration and customs officials to come aboard.
All official uniforms in North Korea seem to include oversized peaked caps. These characters were no exception, with their Kim badges worn close to their hearts. The immigration checks were swift enough. We all had visitor cards, arranged by Lupine Travel in China. Customs took longer. Most of the bags were checked and items such as cameras and iPhones noted in a book. (What they did with this information was anyone's guess.)
One official wanted to look in my bag. He was really quite polite, even charming, but he spotted my guide book – the only one I could find on North Korea itself on Amazon. I knew the Lonely Planet guide to Korea, which includes just one chapter on the North, has sometimes been confiscated (LP can adopt a cynical tone). My Brant Guide was more balanced, even sympathetic to the regime, it seemed to me. Anyway, the polite customs man started flicking through the book, especially looking at the photos. Then he asked if he could borrow it. I knew it was a new publication, so I naively thought perhaps he wanted to continue admiring the pics of his country but I noticed that my heart was beating a little faster.
After about 10 minutes, the official returned to inform me that my book was "not allowed". "Why?" I asked, this time, faking naivety. "Because there are mistakes," he replied. My book was banned because, in their eyes, it had errors in it. Presumably, these 'errors' were things that painted the country and regime in less than a glowing light. Little did they know that I had a PDF of the frowned upon Lonely Planet chapter hidden on my phone. After two hours of checks, the train continued slowly to Pyongyang. This was my introduction to the DPRK. I wondered if it was just a taste of things to come.
Next day, I had another brush with authority. The group of us was driving in a coach towards the DMZ (Demilitarized Zone). Our guides had already told us not to take photos of the military (of which there is a lot). As we got nearer to Kaesong and the DMZ, chief guide, Kang, warned us again that there was an increasing number of military and that we should not photograph any. (The DMZ is, actually, one of the most heavily militarised places on earth – on both sides.) We had already passed several roadblocks. I had taken up a seat at the back of the coach, with my bag several rows in front. I had my camera hanging on a wristband from my forearm.
At one particular roadblock a soldier noticed the camera on my arm and shouted something. Mrs Kang, stern faced, came walking to the back of the coach. "Did you take a photo?" She asked. "No," I said – because I hadn't. "That soldier thinks you did," she replied. "You must give me your camera." So, she took it, got out of the bus and walked off with two soldiers to their little hut. Was I going to see my camera again, I wondered? I could use my phone for photography, I thought, but I didn't want to lose that camera. Again, I noticed my heart rate increasing.
We waited for what seemed hours. I felt embarrassed and guilty about delaying the group, embarrassed that they might think I'd been stupid enough to photograph soldiers. Eventually, I spotted Mrs Kang returning. From a distance, I could see something in her hand. I just hoped it was my camera. It was! She returned it to me with another warning to "be careful". She said they had, in fact, found one photo with a soldier in it, who I didn't know was there, and had deleted it. I was mightily relieved and slightly intimidated that a soldier at a quiet, rural checkpoint had the know-how to get into my camera and delete that pic – which is not that simple, a multi-stage process – especially considering the number of different models of camera around. This country was feeling creepier than ever.
Ironically, after a short time, we arrived at the DMZ, where it is positively encouraged that you take photos of soldiers – for political reasons. (They want to emphasise the point that the Korean peninsula has been divided by the evil Americans and their South Korean lackeys.) We peered across at 'enemy' soldiers (South Korean) on the other side.
Part 2/9: Alone in the 'Axis of Evil'
Crossing the Yalu River from Dandong, China, the group of 17 entered the DPRK at Sinuiju. About 200 yards in, I looked at my phone. I was still connected to a Chinese network. I was excited, I could send a text home from within North Korea – or so I thought. Famously, the NK authorities have so isolated their country that, not only is there no internet access, no ATMs or credit cards, there are no mobile phone networks that connect internationally and foreign smartphones just don't work (for the week I was there, I was only able to use my phone for taking photos and telling the time). So, thinking I could get around this close to the border with connection still to China, I attempted to send two texts before we got any further, "A sneaky text from inside North Korea". Neither went through. "Not Delivered", my phone told me. Within a few yards, they had managed to jam the phone signal. We were alone and disconnected from the outside world – cut off in this strange and somewhat sinister country (part of George W Bush's 'Axis of Evil').
At least it was good to have the company of the group. However, a few days later we all went our separate ways. Most of the group returned by train to China, the Scottish couple, Jim and Linda, had booked a day excursion to Mount Myohung. But me – I was off on a four-day private tour, just myself with the ubiquitous and statutory two guides and a driver.
As we left the by now familiar sights of Pyongyang, it was a wired and slightly unnerving thought that I was alone in the 'Axis of Evil' with three North Koreans. What was to stop them driving me in the minibus to one of the country's notorious prison camps and leaving me there – just because they could? If they did, there would be nothing I could do about it. This reinforced the view I had adopted since entering the DPRK that it was wise to be on one's best behaviour, follow instructions and not insult the regime or the leadership. Not the most relaxing of holidays, perhaps, but unique.
I got used to the unusual circumstances in this country, though the sense that it was not entirely safe did not quite leave me. However, at no point did I sense any actual threat or pick up on any imminent danger. The sense of unease was entirely in my head.
Certain floors of the Yanggakdo Hotel in Pyongyang are reserved for foreigners (the contents of the mysterious and strictly out-of-bounds 5th floor remains unknown – there are no lift buttons for this floor – it's probably a communication centre). The group of 17 had been on the 20th and 21st floor of this 46-storey hotel. When we returned to Pyongyang after three nights away on the private tour, I was given the same room, 2117, as if it had been kept ready for me. Imagine that happening anywhere else. Though there is no permitted foreign TV, radio, media or internet in North Korea, in this hotel foreign TV channels are allowed on these foreigner-only floors. In my room, I had some Chinese channels and BBC World News – in hermetically sealed North Korea. Why they allow that, I don't know.
On this particular night, 14th September, there was a story on BBC World News about an American journalist who had been sentenced in Pyongyang that day to six years' hard labour for 'entering the country illegally to commit espionage' (tearing up his visitor card, apparently). This was scary, as I was due to fly out the following morning and face those same immigration and customs officials. I wished I hadn't switched on the TV and I had a disturbed night's sleep.
In actual fact, leaving was a breeze – much easier than entry by train. Maybe because there is pressure to get flights out on time (not that there were more than one or two) and a lot of people to process, I was more or less waved through, though my visitor's pass was taken. I had removed the memory card from my camera and hidden it, in case it contained any offending pictures, and merely took scenic shots on the last day on a second card. No one even looked.
Air Koryo is the North Korean carrier. (Pretty much the only foreign destination it has is Beijing.) So, I was technically still under North Korean jurisdiction until we landed and disembarked in Beijing some two hours later. It was quite a relief to be in a relatively free country (not exactly noted for its liberal values – it's all relative) and to be able to walk around at will.
Part 3/9: Meeting the Locals
It's pretty rare for a visitor to North Korea to have much contact with local people. One of the jobs of the government-appointed guides (minders) is to prevent contact, presumably so that the locals don't get too much of an idea about the outside world. It's sad for them and for the visitor. Other than the guides, contact is pretty much limited to waiters, hotel staff, drivers and souvenir-shop assistants. Other than the guides, they seem to speak little, if any, English.
I found it frustrating to be so confined — to be shuttled around from point A to point B, from door to door. We would drive from our hotel to a monument by bus, back in the bus to another site, from hotel door to restaurant door. It was rather like the way an accused person is transported from prison to court and back again, with no contact with, or sight of, the public.
One of the ways the government keeps control is to not allow any information about the outside world to get to its people. These people have been isolated from the rest of humanity for almost 60 years, fed only what the regime authorises, fed the belief that they live in a socialist paradise – the "best country in the world".
One of the rare exceptions to this no-contact situation was on our ride on the Pyongyang metro. The accepted theory is that the inhabitants of Pyongyang are the elite, government employees, etc. While they are not free to travel to other parts of the country without a permit, others (the peasants from the provinces) are not allowed into the capital. Thus, the passengers on the metro were not going to be 'ordinary' North Koreans but at least this was something,
We were supposed to go three or four stops on the metro but only went one because the stations or line was closed (no clear explanation given). So we were unexpectedly at a station with our bus waiting elsewhere.
I could tell that our sweet but stern lead guide, Mrs Kang, was stressed. I assume she didn't want to have us hanging around waiting for the bus with the 'danger' that we might speak to local people. So she hurried us on a five-minute walk to the 'safety' of an international hotel, where we could wait for the bus. I loved those brief few minutes on an ordinary street with ordinary people.
There were other brief glimpses – at a Pyongyang funfair, at the circus and at a school-children's concert. But I assumed that these were the Pyongyang elite, soldiers, government people and their families, under instructions not to speak to foreigners.
Two days later on my private tour, we were staying in the mountains, near Mt Myohang. The hotel was in a small town. I persuaded Mrs Kang to agree to take me for a walk into town (I knew that she and the male guide would have to accompany me). We arranged to go at 7pm. We met in the foyer. She was wearing her jacket (the night was cool). It looked like we were really going. I was excited: "At last," I thought. "I'm going to see the real DPRK."
The three of us crossed the car park and stepped into the road. Mrs Kang then stopped and looked up and down the three streets that led from there and said: "You know, I think it's too dark. We had better go back." There were no streetlights, even though we were right on the edge of town – a situation that is pretty common in the country.
I don't know if she thought it was dangerous, if I'd actually meet people, get lost or run away. So it was back inside the hotel to my room for the next 13 hours. Thwarted! I was extremely disappointed.
Part 4/9: Who Turned the Lights Out? The Dark Side
Many people will have seen satellite photos of the Far East with, in stark contrast to the blazing lights of China, South Korea and Japan, North Korea appearing like a black hole. Only the faint glow from Pyongyang is visible. Now, I know why.
My window on the 21st floor of the Yanggakdo Hotel in Pyongyang opened fully to the night air. Suicide would have been easy (is that the idea?) Leaning out and looking down gave me terrible vertigo but I was also struck by the darkness and the quiet.
The hotel is in the city centre, yet there were few cars and few lights on at barely midnight. The only illumination was on the Juche Tower a couple of kilometres away (Juche is the home-grown philosophy, a combination of Marxism, Confucianism, ancient Korean traditions and personality cult sometimes called Kimilsungism, which dominates this country.)
The near silence was eerie for a capital city in the 21st century. Pretty much the only sounds were from what were either factories or construction sites on either side of the Taedong River. I could hear metallic pounding and grinding sounds. My imagination extrapolated these sounds to mean prison work camps, torture or even extermination camps. Who knows? Whatever the truth, they sounded spooky and ominous, pounding away in the night.
Next, I took one of the most unusual journeys ever – from Pyongyang over the mountains to the east, the other side of the country. The mountain scenery is spectacular but the roads, as everywhere, were appallingly bumpy.
Everywhere in North Korea people are walking or sometimes cycling (there is no private car ownership and few motor bicycles). It's hard to gauge how far they walked but sometimes miles from anywhere there would be pedestrians. The guides shrugged it off, saying they were just travelling from one village to another, as if it was only a mile or two but, by the looks of them – thin, weather-beaten and tired-looking – I suspected that the truth was quite different.
At one point, there was a series of tunnels through the mountains, some of them quite long. Only the longest (8km) had lighting. In all the other tunnels (2km, 3km or 4 km) there was darkness, except for our headlights and the occasional oncoming vehicle. But still there were people walking – in darkness and breathing the acrid exhaust fumes that filled the tunnels. The first time I'd realise that there was someone walking was when we swerved to avoid this figure picked out in the lights.
Weirder still were blacked-out towns.
We drove up the east coast for some distance after dinner and long after dark, passing through several sizeable towns between 9pm and 10pm. In each the streetlights were out. The roads were lined by blocks of flats on both sides with only the occasional low-wattage bulb glowing. Still there were people walking in the dark, like ghosts.
Part 5/9: Is It Real, or Is It North Korean Propaganda? – I
My first sight of inside North Korea was with the tour group at the border station at Sinuiju. While we waited for the official entry procedures (see Part 1), I watched people walking up and down the platform. We were there almost two hours, during which time no trains passed, and yet there was a steady stream of pedestrians. As I watched, I was struck by several things: they were walking purposefully, not strolling or meandering as people on a station platform would do at home; though some were in pairs or threes and in conversation, there was little animation; their clothes were old fashioned, what we might call 'retro' (later, I found that hotels, public buildings and many other places also appeared to be stuck in a kind of 1970s time warp). The women carried parasols, which were to become familiar, to keep off the sun. A good description of them would be that they looked rather like extras on a theatre stage – even robots. I had never seen anything more like a scene from 'Stepford Wives'. I couldn't help but wonder if these were genuine passengers or whether it wasn't some kind of bizarre and elaborate set up, to create the illusion of normality.
The theme of the illusion of normality was to reoccur many times on this trip. In fact, I quickly got the idea that the whole purpose of the exercise, as far as the guides and their government employers was concerned, was to show – or convince – us that everything was 'good' and 'normal' in North Korea. The guides had a phrase they liked to repeat: "Seeing is believing". The problem was we didn't believe everything we saw and the more they tried to convince us everything was good the less we believed it. And we could see for ourselves that the country wasn't 'normal'.
For example, they really only wanted us to photograph good things – monuments, major buildings and sights. The lead guide, Kang, forbade us from photographing anyone working, such as on a building site or road construction, explaining that it was "not polite". I think the truth was, however, that the work was so labour intensive, without the use of modern equipment (even tall buildings seemed to be constructed without using tower cranes or cement mixers), that it would show the country in a bad light.
One afternoon, in Pyongyang, we were taken to what would have to be the weirdest and creepiest 'celebration' I've ever witnessed. We were told it was to be the "Korean people marking their national day", on 9th September. Assembled in a square were several hundred couples who looked to be students, dressed in national costume, who performed well-choreographed dances for an hour. It was certainly impressive but, after a while, I noticed that none of the dancers seemed to be enjoying themselves and there were few locals watching, only foreigners. The whole thing seemed to be being staged purely for our benefit. I wondered if the students had any choice about whether or not to be there. What might the consequences have been if they had refused? It left me with a bad feeling in my stomach that said, "This is not right". Only in North Korea could a dance celebration feel so bad.
Similarly, a concert at the Mangyongdae Children's Palace included well-drilled and virtuoso performances by primary school children with fixed smiles. I wondered how many weeks, months years of practice were required to achieve such polished performances of song, dance and musical instruments. How much of the youngsters' childhoods had been sacrificed for the national prestige of the DPRK?
A visit to the Grand People's Study House, a gigantic library, provided more weirdness. I wondered if any of it was for real. People were tapping away at vintage computers. On the screens, I saw windows being opened and closed and text (in Korean) being typed, but it was impossible to tell if they were doing real work. On one screen I saw "No terminal server found" in English – it was not connected.
The guides were keen to show us the book retrieval system. They suggested three books be requested, one of which was Huckleberry Finn. Thus was duly done. And, in a few moments, the books appeared on a conveyor belt – Huckleberry Finn, a book authored by Kim Il-Sung and an Encyclopaedia of Chickens. Huckleberry Finn rang a bell to me. Then, I remembered a book I had read, which included a description of a visit to the Study House and the same book was requested. A close inspection of the books that had appeared revealed that they had no cataloguing system – no serial numbers or barcodes, etc. and no way that randomly chosen books could be retrieved so quickly. It was a sham! Then the lights went out.
Power cuts are common in the DPRK to conserve scarce energy recourses. I was beginning to question everything and even wondered if they kept the power on only when foreign visitors were present and, as we were running late, they had mis-timed the action and cut it off too early. There was some commotion and, within a minute or so, power was restored.
Next, came the music appreciation section, which comprised rows of antiquated desks each with 1970s-style cassette players on them. As we walked in, they began to play the Beatles' Hey Jude. Was that what they thought was the kind of hip and trendy music that would impress us?
(CONTINUED IN PART 6)
Part 6/9: Is It Real, or Is It North Korean Propaganda? – Il
(CONTINUED FROM PART 5)
Remember that from the North Korean authorities' point of view, all foreign tourist visits are massive PR exercises (as well as hard currency earners).
In that vein, the Victorious Fatherland Liberation War Museum – in other words, the Korean War museum – was pure propaganda. The narrative was "The evil US imperialists started the war and the DPRK secured a heroic victory". Yes.
On our final afternoon in Pyongyang we visited a school. Of course, we were not allowed to meet the children, who we caught a glimpse of being kept upstairs out of sight. The floor we inspected was more like a museum than any kind of school I've ever seen, complete with glass cases, stuffed animals and old desks. The walls displayed photos of the country's leaders visiting and a rollcall of the staff and students. In none if the classrooms was there any evidence of the students' work and I got the impression that it had been many years since they were used by real students for real lessons. Like everything, it was intended to impress – and failed.
The International Friendship Exhibition is like no other exhibition on the planet. It contains thousands of gifts given to the Great Leaders (mainly Kim Il Sung) over the years from all over the world. It is housed in two giant complexes in the mountains at Myohyangsan, amidst scenic splendour.
As you enter, through security, it is obligatory to remove your shoes and replace them with felt sacks to protect the marble floors, hand in cameras (strictly no photography), be on best behaviour, show respect, and, of course, bow in front of the Leaders' statues.
From the outside, these complexes look like large, ornate Korean-style houses but as we ventured in, I found long corridors leading off in all directions, disappearing into the distance and lined with cavernous halls. I realised that the exhibitions had been carved into the mountains themselves – to protect from the predicted nuclear attack, I speculated.
The exhibitions are organised chronologically and divided into sections: gifts from China, Russia, Europe, Latin America, the USA, etc. There is far too much to see on a single visit. One would think the exhibition shows the high esteem in which the leaders are held throughout the world and this, no doubt, is the message the exhibition is intended to give – for internal consumption, I assume. It is all part of the propaganda machine that continually feeds North Koreans the message that everything is wonderful in the DPRK. There were several groups of Koreans, dressed in their Sunday best, dutifully lining up in ranks outside waiting to enter. I wondered whether visits are mandatory for them.
Closer inspection shows the gifts for what they really are: kitsch and tacky. There is a car presented by Joseph Stalin to Kim Il Sung, Chairman Mao's railway carriage, a stuffed alligator standing on its hind legs carrying a wooden tray and cups – a gift from the Sandinistas – some Kalashnikov-shaped vodka bottles and two jewel-encrusted Bedouin swords from Colonel Gaddafi. Gifts from the USA, though the arch-enemy, seemed to be, nevertheless, prized. But they turned out to be such things as plates from the Steelworkers Union of Michigan and the 'Cowherders of Nebraska', though there are several gifts from Christian evangelist Billy Graham and Madeline Albright, who visited Kim Jong-Il in 2000, and there were a couple of basketballs and a basketball shirt from Kim Jong-Un's pal, NBA player Dennis Rodman. From the UK, there are gifts from several trade unions, academic institutions and a coffee mug from Derbyshire County Council. All these are presented with pride in glass cases and illuminated by spotlights.
It was funny and I couldn't help but laugh at some of it. But this is a national treasure to the locals and taken very seriously, so I had to check my mirth and keep a straight face in front of Mrs Kang and the local guide. By the 1990s the gifts become fewer and more mundane. Consumer goods – such as TVs and personal computers given to Kim Il-Sung – became much more common.
On the road between Pyongyang and Nampo (a road, like many in the country, wide enough to double as an airport runway), near the West Sea Barrage, we visited a collective farm. There were the obligatory murals of Kim Il-Sung and Kim Jong-Il at the entrance and keeping watch over the farm. Again, it was difficult to assess what was going on. There were certainly crops growing but I didn't see anyone working in the fields. The only workers I saw were making repairs on the road and, of course, I was not allowed to photograph them. I was, however, introduced to the farm supervisor, who showed me rice paddies, which are separated from one another by banks of soya plants.
Everywhere in the countryside that I saw, crops looked abundant and healthy and there was no sign of the famine conditions that had killed millions of people in the 1990s.
On the other side of the country, near Hamhung, we visited a large fertiliser factory. I had been told that these factories belched out noxious fumes but there was not much evidence of that. In fact, there was not much evidence that anything much was happening.
I was given a tour by the manager – from the pumps and mixing machines, which I was told produce a chemical process that results in the nitrate fertiliser, to the central control room with all of two computer keyboards and single TV monitor. The machines I inspected were grimy, antiquated and noisy, operated by a sallow-faced worker in his twenties. Other workers passed by on their bicycles to and from the factory gates, beneath rusting pipes and idle cranes. I could not tell if anything was actually being made.
Finally, I was shown a warehouse containing sacks of fertiliser behind panes of glass. In the entrance was a single sack of white crystals that I was allowed to inspect. I had no way of verifying what the chemical was or where it had come from.
It was strange to be in a country with so many inconsistencies, contradictions, secrecy, control and obvious lies that one questioned the truth of everything. Much as they want visitors to visit the DPRK, they really don't make it easy for them to come away with a good impression, however hard they try.
Hamhung street scene (from a distance)
This entry was posted in Travel and tagged inside north korea, korea, north korea, pyongyang, travel north korea on March 1, 2015 by ianpatrick1.


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text:
Graduate Journal of Social Science
About the GJSS
Volume 5, Issue 2 : Queer Methodologies
Access full issue
Read this issue's Editorial
Mia Liinason, Robert Kulpa
Locally Queer: A Note on the Feminist Genealogy of Queer Theory
Tiina Rosenberg
No abstract available.
pp. 5–18
"I am what I am?": Toward a Sexual Politics of Contingent Foundations
Liv Mertz
pp. 19–34
Queer in Italian-North American women writers
Michela Baldo
This article seeks to investigate the meaning of the term queer in the post-migratory setting of Italian-Canadian and Italian-North American women writers, and constitutes thus a contribution to recent studies which project the notion of queer within a diasporic framework. Specifically, it aims at analysing the ways in which the term has been recontextualised in this transnational context with reference to issues of ethnicity. Within cultural theory the concepts of 'queer' and 'diaspora' have been informed by post-modern and post-colonial theory and have intervened on theories of time, space and identity infusing them with notions of transgression, contingency, power and conflict.
This study is based on the analysis of excerpts taken from short stories and poems in Curraggia: Writings by Women of Italian Descent, an anthology edited by three second generation Italian/Canadian lesbian and feminist writers (as they define themselves), published in 1998 by Women Press, a publishing house based in Toronto. Through these and other literary excerpts written by the same writers I would like to implement some previous studies (Fortier 1999, 2001, 2003; Gopinath 2003, 2005; Ahmed 2003, 2006) on the concept of queer in diasporic contexts.
'Latino' and 'queer' as sites of translation: Intersections of 'race', ethnicity and sexuality
María Amelia Viteri
Based on ethnographic work conducted between 2004 and 2006 with LGBT Latino community members living in the D.C. metro area, as well as summer research conducted in El Salvador during 20061, I will illustrate in this article that translating across "fields of power" generates new theoretical and methodological tools to better account for the privileged position of 'Western' thought. This discussion becomes more intricate when intersected within the current migration context where subjective identity understandings are constantly decentering 'space' (Gilroy 2000:122).
As my research further illustrates, U.S. identity categories such as 'queer' and 'Latino/a' are not stable categories but are constantly reinvented and politicized according to diverse constructions of race and sexuality where notions of 'queer' space (US) are blurred with narratives from the homeland. That is to say, LGBT Latinos/as' refusal to occupy a 'queer' and 'Latino' fixed identity acts as a way to contest, negotiate and re-signify a 'western' (colonial, Eurocentric) 'authority' embodied by these scripts and labels in a translation/border crossing continuous flux. I place my discussion of identities within a power/knowledge framework (as theorized by Foucault 1972, 1978, 1980) and apply it to the difficulty of translating sexual and racial borders when crossing borders that have been geographically and politically defined as the "United States of America" and "El Salvador." I will interject Gilroy's (2000:122-123) discussion on memory that suggests it is precisely on the trans-national spaces within and between the 'homeland'/'Diaspora' as well as in the 'in-betweens', where memory becomes a primary ground for a multiplicity of identities without a particular origin to emerge 'in a queer time and place' (Halberstam 2005). This research expands current discussions on the production of Latino LGBT subjects mostly carried out on the U.S. West Coast (Roque 2002) and New York by and large focusing on Chicanos/as and Caribbean LGBT communities (Rodríguez 2003; Quiroga 2000; Muñoz 1999).
Border crossing has entailed that Latinos and mostly non-white ethnicities face an institution apparatus that either denies them entrance or deports them based on their 'undocumented' condition. These conditions are aggravated by ethnic/sexual/racial/gender identity status (Luibheid and Cantú 2005). Passport controls, border checks, interviews, interdiction, detainment, "secondary inspection", profiling, and other tactics have served to establish or determine identities, to draw out "confessions" of who one is (Epps, Valens and Johnson 2005: 5). Some of the disciplining practices at play within the different borders are further illustrated in this article through the lives of Mexican and Central American LGBT activists living in the DC area arise from these established identities.
Queer ethnography in theory and practice: Reflections on studying sexual globalization and women's queer activism in Beijing
Elisabeth Lund Engebretsen
This paper addresses the problem of the cross-cultural study of sexuality in global times. I take issue with the inherent bias in analytical frameworks and theoretical assumptions that typically structure Western studies of non-normative sexuality in 'other' places, and provide a critical reconsideration of the challenges to queer studies of transnational sexuality.
Recent anthropology-based studies of transnational sexualities and sexual globalization argue that Anglo-US queer studies emphasize desirable queerness as one modelled on modern, Western ideologies of sexual freedom, identity, openness, and of individual rights. The effect is one of considerable political consequence, where Western queer life-worlds become the default analytical yardstick for cross-cultural comparison, and where Anglo-US-centric categorizations forever anchor desirable queer formations within a Western knowledge circuit.
I draw upon my own research of Chinese women's narratives about lala, or lesbian, community and activism in post-millennial Beijing. I consider what lesbian identity, activism and rights might mean in a Chinese political and cultural context, and ponder the possibilities and limits of current analytical frameworks in this respect. I conclude that ethnography as method, theory, and academic-activist ethics, provides an invaluable tool for the study of transnational sexualities. It helps us move beyond the binaries of absolute and categorical differences between a Western queer self and the non-Western lesser other.
pp. 88–116
The Old, the Ugly and the Queer: Thinking old age in relation to queer theory
Linn Sandberg
This article seeks to use queer theory as a social theory and a critical challenge to normalcy all together to theorise old age in gender studies. Additionally the article discusses some implications of bringing old age into queer theory, where the able body, older person's sexualities in relation to heteronormativity, to mention a few things, are central for future queer theory. The red thread of the article is how the anti-social turn in queer theory and embracing shame may be used to critique the prevailing discourses of old age as either "successful" where the older person should be active and independent or old age as decline and decay. Queer theoretical notions such as failure and the abject are used to theorise old age and ageing bodies, but the article also discusses how some flexible bodies can overcome failures given class, sexuality, ablebodiedness and race etc. To perform in the Butlerian sense an intelligible and desired self is dependent both on gender, sexuality and age and this is in effect relying on certain modes of temporality. Queer temporality may thus challenge what is considered normal and good ageing but also reveal the taken for grantedness of normative time. The article concludes that by thinking queer theory and old age together a resurrection of knowledges is made possible, outside the good, successful and respectable old age.
pp. 117–139
The Anti-Social Turn in Queer Studies
Judith Halberstam
Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences. A Pluralist Perspective	edited by Donatella della Porta and Michael Keating
François Briatte
Read Book Review
Ghosts of Futures Past: Spiritualism and the Cultural Politics of Nineteenth-Century America	by Molly McGarry
Julia DeLeon
Desiring China: Experiments in Neoliberalism, Sexuality, and Public Culture	by Lisa Rofel
Ben Chia-Hung Lu
Queer Youth Cultures	edited by Susan Driver
Mark Carrigan
Queer Bisexuality: Perceptions of Bisexual Existence, distinction and Challenges	by Julia Horncastle
GUID: 3bd54a0c-2e20-4b2d-a4aa-12433de88b03

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: What if the setInterval function doesn't have enough time to execute its function at the given interval? If I did something like
setInterval(setInterval(function(){console.log("Interval hit");}, 1000), 100);

then what would happen? I want to understand what would happen from a deep level of Javascript, browsers, dates/times, etc.

A: The code as you have it would only create one interval timer (the inner one) firing once a second and outputting to the console.  For the outer setInterval() call, you are passing the timerID to the outer one instead of a function reference so no outer interval will be created, thus this code will just create one interval timer.
If what you meant to ask was about something evil like this:
setInterval(function() {
   setInterval(function(){
        console.log("Interval hit");
   }, 1000);
}, 100);

Then, that would create an exponentially larger number of interval timers as each 100ms, it would create another interval timer.  This would eventually exhaust some sort of system resource and how exactly it would fail would likely vary depending upon implementation.
When you have too many timers trying to fire at the same time, then Javascript will just be "late" in firing timers.  Because it is single threaded, it has to wait for a previous timer that is executing before it can fire the next one.  This answer about async Ajax events explains a fair amount about the Javascript event queue (which also applies to timers) so it may help you understand timers too:
How does JavaScript handle AJAX responses in the background?
Timer events go into the event queue and the next one is serviced in order when the currently running JS thread of execution finishes.  Creating too many timers will just put more things in the event queue than can be serviced, resulting in the event queue growing out of control either until it exhausts some resource limit or until it hits some internal browser limit (depending upon implementation).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


"Coastal Modern" dream home in this rare and unique semi rural enclave. Overlooking one of the best views of iconic Maple Bay and Salt Spring Island. Site is fully serviced underground. Directly across the street from boaters private Maple Bay Marina. Nearby amenities include float plane service to Vancouver, marinas, restaurants, hiking, biking, cafes.... The only subdivision in Maple Bay with Municipal sewer. High end finishings throughout.


text:
Yu v. Idaho State University
JUN YU, Plaintiff,
IDAHO STATE UNIVERSITY, and JOHN/JANE DOES I through X, whose true identities are presently unknown, Defendants.
MEMORANDUM DECISION AND ORDER RE PLAINTIFF'S MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION (DKT. 68)
HONORABLE RONALD E. BUSH, CHIEF U.S. MAGISTRATE JUDGE
Pending is Plaintiff's Motion for Reconsideration of Court's Order Re Plaintiff's Second Through Eighteenth Causes of Action (Dkt. 68), seeking reconsideration of this Court's Memorandum Decision and Order Re Defendant's Renewed Motion for Summary Judgment (Dkt. 63) dismissing those claims. Having reviewed the briefing and supporting filings, and otherwise being fully advised, the Court enters the following Decision and Order:
Plaintiff Jun Yu ("Yu") is a Chinese national who matriculated into the Doctoral Clinical Psychology Program at Defendant Idaho State University ("ISU") in 2008. First Am. Compl. ¶¶ 14-16 (Dkt. 41). By mid-2012, all that remained for Yu to complete the requirements of the program was a successful clinical internship. Id. ¶ 75, 161. Yu coordinated with ISU and the prestigious Cleveland Clinic Center for Autism ("CCCA") in Cleveland, Ohio to develop a customized internship that would allow him to fulfill his final graduation requirement. Id. ¶ 87. He started the internship, which was designed to last for at least twelve months, on January 2, 2013. Id. ¶¶ 107, 108 (Dkt. 41).
Yu did not complete the internship, as he was dismissed from the CCCA in approximately April of 2013. Id. ¶ 130. In May of 2013, ISU told Yu that the graduate faculty of the Psychology Department had voted to dismiss him from its doctoral program. Id. ¶ 6, 136. After various unsuccessful voluntary appeals, Yu received a letter from ISU's Graduate School Dean dated October 2, 2013 that denied Yu's final appeal and stated that his dismissal was effective immediately. Id. ¶¶ 7-10; see also Pl.'s Resp. Exhibit PR1-8 (Dkt. 56-12) (the letter).
Yu initiated this action on September 16, 2015 by filing his Complaint against ISU, alleging liability for violations of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, deprivations of his constitutional rights under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, and negligent infliction of emotional distress. Compl. ¶¶ 170-181 (Dkt. 1). On March 29, 2017, he filed an Amended Complaint, expanding his § 1983 claim to include allegations that ISU denied both his procedural due process rights (Count Two) and his substantive due process rights (Count Four). First Am. Compl. ¶¶ 354-359, 363-367 (Dkt. 41). He also added counts related to promissory estoppel and claims arising in contract law, bringing a total number of eighteen claims. Id. ¶¶ 368-435.
Both the Complaint and the First Amended Complaint name ISU and "John/Jane Does I through X, whose true identities are presently unknown" as defendants. Compl. (Dkt. 1); First Am. Compl. (Dkt. 41). Yu did not timely move to amend to substitute any Doe defendants or join additional defendants, and the deadline to do so has passed. Second Am. Case Mgmt. Order 1 (Dkt. 29). Further, Yu did not name as a defendant any individuals associated with ISU, whether acting in an official capacity or not.
ISU moved for summary judgment, seeking dismissal of all eighteen claims. As relevant here, ISU argued that ISU is immune from suit under the Eleventh Amendment for counts two through eighteen. This Court agreed with ISU, granted in part ISU's motion for summary judgment, and dismissed Yu's second through eighteenth claims. (Dkt. 63.) Yu now moves for reconsideration of that decision. (Dkt. 68.) For the reasons below, the Court denies Yu's motion.
A motion for reconsideration of summary judgment may be granted where: (1) the motion is necessary to correct manifest errors of fact or law; (2) the moving party presents newly discovered evidence; (3) reconsideration is necessary to prevent manifest injustice; or (4) there is an intervening change in the law. Fed.R.Civ.P. 59(e); see also Turner v. Burlington N. Santa Fe R. Co., 338 F.3d 1058, 1063 (9th Cir. 2003); and 389 Orange St. Partners v. Arnold, 179 F.3d 656, 661 (9th Cir. 1999).
Yu moves the Court to reconsider its Memorandum Decision and Order granting ISU partial summary judgment by dismissing claims two through eighteen of Yu's operative complaint. (Dkt. 68.) He contends both that there is an intervening change in the law and that reconsideration is necessary to prevent manifest injustice. Mem. ISO Mot. for Recons. 3 (Dkt. 68-1). He bases his argument on a recent ruling in Duffin v. Idaho State University, No. 4:16-CV-00209-BLW. In that case, Chief U.S. District Judge B. Lynn Winmill issued an order on December 21, 2017 concluding ISU had waived its Eleventh Amendment immunity. 2017 WL 6543873 ("Duffin" or "Duffin MDO"). Judge Winmill quoted precedent holding that "[a] state may waive its sovereign immunity through conduct that is incompatible with an intent to preserve that immunity" and that "state defendants engaged in conduct 'incompatible with' an intent to preserve sovereign immunity when they raised a sovereign immunity defense only belatedly, after extensive proceedings on the merits." Duffin MDO at *2 (quoting Johnson v. Rancho Santiago Cmty. Coll. Dist., 623 F.3d 1011, 1021 (9th Cir. 2010)). Yu argues that the same reasoning applies to this case. Plf.'s Mem. ISO Mot. for Reconsideration 4 (Dkt. 68-1).
The Court disagrees. A comparison of the facts between the cases is illustrative. In Duffin, Plaintiff Orin Duffin sued ISU on May 20, 2016, alleging he suffered religious discrimination and other wrongs in 2014 and 2015. Duffin MDO at *1. Based upon stipulated deadlines, a case management order was entered setting January 30, 2017 as the dispositive motion deadline. Id. By further stipulation, that deadline was extended to July 14, 2017. Id. The parties filed cross-motions for summary judgment on the deadline. Id. ISU "raised sovereign immunity in [its] motion for summary judgment."[1] Id. at *3. In declining to apply sovereign immunity, Judge Winmill noted that ISU's summary judgment motion was delayed by stipulation and thus was filed more than two years after the events in question. Id. Accordingly, Judge Winmill found that Duffin's claims were likely barred in state court by Idaho's two-year statute of limitations for personal injury actions. Id. (citing I.C. § 5-219(4)). Judge Winmill also found no discovery was necessary on the issue of Eleventh Amendment immunity, so ISU could have moved to apply the defense earlier. Id. Ultimately he concluded that ISU's delay in moving for sovereign immunity "was a tactical attempt to deny Duffin his day in Court, " which, if permitted, "would fly in the face of the Rule 1 admonition that the Court construe and apply the rules and procedures in a manner that secures the just, speedy and inexpensive resolution of all disputes." Id.
         In this case, Yu seeks redress from ISU's final act dismissing him from its Graduate School on October 2, 2013. First Am. Compl. ¶ 10 (Dkt. 41); MDO Re Def.'s Renewed Mot. for Summ. J. 10 (Dkt. 63). Yu filed his complaint on September 16, 2015 (Dkt. 1). ISU first raised an Eleventh Amendment immunity defense in its answer on October 8, 2015 (Dkt. 6 p. 7).[2]Although initially set to be completed by August 3, 2016 (Dkt. 15), factual discovery was extended by stipulation to September 2, 2016. (Dkts. 19, 29, 31 (orders); Dkts. 18, 25, 30 ...


text:
@interface PIVideoPlayerWindow ()

@end

@implementation PIVideoPlayerWindow

#pragma mark - Init/Dealloc

- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame
{
    if (self = [super initWithFrame:frame]){
        self.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
        // Quiets a debugger warning during runtime about presenting a window without a root view controller.
        self.rootViewController = [UIViewController new];
    }

    return self;
}

#pragma mark - Public

- (void)playVideoNamed:(NSString *)videoName ofType:(NSString *)type
{
    NSString *fullPath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:videoName ofType:type];
    [self playVideoAtPath:fullPath];
}

- (void)playVideoAtPath:(NSString *)videoPath
{
    NSURL *fileURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:videoPath];
    [self playVideoWithURL:fileURL];
}

- (void)playVideoWithURL:(NSURL *)URL
{
    PIVideoView *videoView = [[PIVideoView alloc] initWithURL:URL];
    videoView.delegate = self;
    [self addSubview:videoView];

    [videoView play];
}

#pragma mark - Private

- (void)dismissWindow
{
    // Fade out the video view and alert the delegate for clean-up.
    [UIView animateWithDuration:0.3f
                     animations:^ {
                         self.alpha = 0.0f;
                     }
                     completion:^(BOOL finished) {
                         if (self.videoPlayerWindowDelegate) {
                             [self.videoPlayerWindowDelegate videoPlayerWindowDidFinishPlaying:self];
                         }
                     }];
}

#pragma mark - Protocols
#pragma mark <SCVideoViewDelegate>

- (void)videoViewDidFinishPlayingVideo:(PIVideoView *)view
{
    [self dismissWindow];
}

- (void)videoViewDidFailToLoadVideo:(PIVideoView *)view error:(NSError *)error
{
    NSLog(@"Failed to load video due to reason: %@", error.localizedDescription);
    [self dismissWindow];
}

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Beate Rotermund-Uhse, geborene Beate Dorothea Köstlin (* 25. Oktober 1919 in Wargenau bei Cranz, Ostpreußen; † 16. Juli 2001 in St. Gallen, Schweiz) war eine deutsche Unternehmerin. Die Kunstflug-Pilotin gründete 1962 in Flensburg den ersten Sexshop der Welt. Die börsennotierte Beate Uhse AG war ein Marktteilnehmer im erotischen Zubehörhandel. Nach ihr wurde der Erotikkanal Beate-Uhse.TV benannt.

Familie
Sie war das jüngste von drei Kindern des aus Treherz in Württemberg stammenden Landwirts Otto Köstlin (1871–1945) und der Ärztin Margarete Köstlin-Räntsch (1880–1945), die eine der ersten Ärztinnen in Deutschland war. Die Eltern klärten ihre Kinder früh auf, sprachen mit ihnen offen über die Sexualität und die dabei nötige Sexualhygiene.

Am 28. September 1939 heiratete sie im Rahmen einer Kriegstrauung ihren Fluglehrer Hans-Jürgen Uhse, den Bruder des Schriftstellers Bodo Uhse. 1943 wurde ihr Sohn Klaus († 1984) geboren, im Mai 1944 verunglückte ihr Mann bei einer Flugzeugkollision tödlich.

1949 heiratete sie den Kaufmann Ernst-Walter Rotermund († 1989), der seinen Sohn Dirk und seine Tochter Bärbel mit in die Ehe einbrachte. Mit Rotermund bekam sie einen weiteren Sohn, Ulrich. Die Ehe wurde 1972 geschieden.

Schule und Ausbildung

Beate Köstlin erhielt ihre Schulbildung in reformpädagogischen Landerziehungsheimen, zunächst vom 6. September 1932 bis 26. März 1934 an der von Martin Luserke geleiteten musisch, sportlich und handwerklich orientierten Schule am Meer auf der Nordseeinsel Juist. Dort zählte das Segeln zum schulsportlichen Angebot. Sie fuhr mehrfach auf Luserkes Blazer Krake (ex ZK 14) mit und hielt auch später mit ihm Kontakt. Nach der Schulschließung vor dem Hintergrund des Antisemitismus und der nationalsozialistischen Gleichschaltung Ende März 1934 wechselte sie auf Luserkes Empfehlung zur Odenwaldschule in das südhessische Ober-Hambach, an der sie ihre Reifeprüfung ablegte.

Im Alter von 15 Jahren wurde Beate hessische Meisterin im Speerwurf. Als 16-Jährige ging sie für ein Jahr nach England, um dort als Au-pair ihre englischen Sprachkenntnisse aus der Schule zu optimieren. Danach kehrte sie auf das elterliche Gut Wargenau bei Cranz zurück und absolvierte auf Wunsch ihrer Mutter eine Ausbildung in Hauswirtschaft.

Berufliche Entwicklung

Karriere als Pilotin

Am 7. August 1937 nahm sie in der Fliegerschule Rangsdorf bei Berlin in einer Heinkel He 72 mit dem Fluglehrer Tobaschefski ihre erste Flugstunde. Auslöser für ihren Wunsch, Pilotin zu werden, war nach eigener Aussage die Atlantiküberquerung von Charles Lindbergh im Jahre 1927. Drei Wochen später folgte der erste Alleinflug. Von Fluglehrer Haak wurde sie auf die Muster Klemm Kl 25 und Focke-Wulf Fw 44 umgeschult und flog zum ersten Mal auf der Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann. Mit einem Solo-Überlandflug Rangsdorf–Magdeburg–Halle-Leipzig–Rangsdorf am 11. und 12. Oktober schloss sie ihre Ausbildung ab und erhielt an ihrem 18. Geburtstag ihren Flugzeugführerschein A2.

Vom 1. November 1937 bis 30. April 1938 arbeitete sie als Praktikantin bei Bücker Flugzeugbau in Rangsdorf und durchlief alle Bereiche der Firma. Während dieser Zeit konnte sie auf Gotha Go 145 und Arado Ar 66 bis zur Klasse B1 weiterschulen und mit der Kunstflugschulung beginnen. Ihr Fluglehrer war nun Hans-Jürgen Uhse, ihr späterer Ehemann. Die Kunstflugprüfung K1 legte sie am 19. August 1938 ab. Bereits einen Monat vorher war sie beim 1. Zuverlässigkeitsflug für Sportfliegerinnen unter 13 Teilnehmerinnen mit einer Klemm Kl 25 hinter Melitta Schiller Zweite geworden. Drei Wochen später wurde sie mit einer Bücker Bü 131 A beim Luftrennen in Kortrijk/Belgien in ihrer Klasse Erste und in der Gesamtwertung Dritte. Am 16. Mai 1939 legte sie ihre Kunstflugprüfung K2 ab. Drei Monate später wurde sie beim zweiten Zuverlässigkeitsflug der Sportfliegerinnen hinter Liesel Bach (Bücker Bü 180 Student) und Luise Harden (Siebel Si 202) auf einer Bü 180 Dritte. Am 20. August wurde sie vom Werk aus mit einer Bücker Bü 133 Jungmeister nach Thurö in Dänemark geschickt, um das Flugzeug dort vorzuführen.

Sie wurde von der Firma Bücker als Pilotin eingestellt und flog neue oder reparierte Flugzeuge ein und überführte sie auch, wie zum Beispiel öfter nach Ungarn. Eine Filmfirma fragte bei Bücker wegen Piloten als Doubles an, die ein Flugzeug am Boden rollen und es fliegen können, während die Schauspieler auf dem hinteren Sitz den Piloten mimen. Die Firma schlug Beate Uhse vor, die klein genug war, um sich im vorderen Sitz verstecken zu können. Im Film Achtung! Feind hört mit! flog sie für René Deltgen mit einer Bücker Bü 180. Auch im Film D III 88 wirkt sie in einer mit Kokarden verzierten Bü 131 mit.

Zum 1. April 1942 wechselte Uhse von Bücker zu dem neu gegründeten Flugzeugreparaturwerk von Alfred Friedrich in Strausberg. Ab April 1944 wurde sie häufig zu Überführungsflügen herangezogen, meist von Junkers Ju 87, die aus der Weser-Fertigung in Tempelhof kamen und zu den Luftparks gebracht werden mussten. Bei der Luftwaffe flog sie die Jäger Messerschmitt Bf 109 und Focke-Wulf Fw 190 sowie Ju 87 und Messerschmitt Bf 110.

Während der Überführungsflüge für die deutsche Luftwaffe erlebte Uhse auch Angriffe mit Beschuss durch alliierte Jagdflugzeuge, denen sie dank ihres fliegerischen Könnens aber immer entkommen konnte.

Ab dem 1. Oktober 1944 wurde sie im Rang eines Hauptmanns der Luftwaffe vom Überführungsgeschwader 1, Gruppe Mitte mit Sitz in Staaken übernommen.

Kurz vor Kriegsende im April 1945 bekam sie dort eine Einweisung auf den Strahljäger Messerschmitt Me 262.

Beim Einmarsch der Roten Armee konnte sie am 22. April 1945 von Gatow aus mit Sohn, Kindermädchen und weiteren vier Personen mit einer Siebel Fh 104 zunächst nach Barth und von dort am 30. April 1945 über Travemünde nach Leck und schließlich nach Flensburg flüchten. Im April 1945 wurde Beate Uhse von britischen Truppen gefangen genommen. Nach ihrer Entlassung aus der Kriegsgefangenschaft ließ sie sich mit ihrem Sohn in Flensburg nieder.

Karriere als Geschäftsfrau

Beate Uhse war eine der einflussreichsten deutschen Frauen. Sie gilt als eine der Wegbereiterinnen zu einer offeneren und freieren Gesellschaft. Da die Besatzungsmächte jede fliegerische Tätigkeit verboten hatten, konnte sie nicht mehr als Pilotin arbeiten. Sie schlug sich mit Schwarzmarktgeschäften durch und erfuhr in Gesprächen mit anderen Frauen von deren Dilemma: einerseits ihrem Bedürfnis nach Sexualität, andererseits dem Wunsch, wegen Wohnungslosigkeit und Zukunftsängsten derzeit keine Kinder bekommen zu wollen. Beate Uhse brachte dazu eine Broschüre über die Knaus-Ogino-Verhütungsmethode heraus. Bis 1947 verkaufte sich die Schrift X etwa 32.000-mal zum Preis von 50 Pfennig und verschaffte Beate Uhse Startkapital, um ihren "Betu-Versand" auch auf größere Städte wie Hamburg und Bremen auszudehnen. Sie galt als "Mutter Courage des Tabubruchs" und wurde als Ratgeberin zur Sexualität und Erotik gefragt. Bald verkaufte sie auch Kondome und "Ehebücher".

1951 gründete sie mit vier Angestellten das "Versandhaus Beate Uhse", das Kondome und Bücher zum Thema "Ehehygiene" anbot. Bereits zwei Jahre später hatte die kleine Firma 14 Angestellte. Anfang der 1960er Jahre hatte die Firma bereits fünf Millionen Kunden.

Uhse war praktizierende Naturistin und wurde 1960 Mitglied des Deutschen Verbandes für Freikörperkultur.

1962 eröffnete sie in Flensburg ihr "Fachgeschäft für Ehehygiene", den ersten Sexshop der Welt. Auf Anraten ihres Anwaltes eröffnete sie das Geschäft zu Weihnachten, da zur Weihnachtszeit keine Übergriffe empörter Bürger zu befürchten seien und sich die Empörung danach abgekühlt haben würde. In ihrem Geschäft und im Katalog bot sie immer mehr "Artikel für die Ehehygiene" an. Auf Anzeigen des Volkswartbundes und weiterer Bürger wurden die Artikel polizeilich verfolgt, die "der unnatürlichen, gegen Zucht und Sitte verstoßenden Aufpeitschung und Befriedigung geschlechtlicher Reize" dienten. Über 2000 Anzeigen wurden bis 1992 gegen ihr Geschäft eingereicht. Der Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels verweigerte ihrem Stephenson Verlag den Eintritt "wegen sittlicher Bedenken", und der Flensburger Tennisclub wollte sie wegen "allgemeiner Bedenken" nicht als Mitglied akzeptieren. Daraufhin ließ sie sich einen eigenen Tennisplatz bauen. Aufgrund ihres geschäftlichen Erfolges konnte sie sich als erstes eigenes Flugzeug eine Cessna 172 kaufen.

1970 war Beate Uhse Sponsorin des Love-and-Peace-Festivals am 6. September 1970 auf der schleswig-holsteinischen Ostseeinsel Fehmarn, auf dem Jimi Hendrix ein letztes Mal auftrat.

1983 wurde bei Beate Uhse Magenkrebs diagnostiziert, der geheilt werden konnte.

Mit 75 Jahren machte sie ihren Tauchschein.

1996 eröffnete sie in Berlin das Beate Uhse Erotik-Museum. 1999 ging die Beate Uhse AG an die Börse. Die Aktie war 64-fach überzeichnet, verlor allerdings bisweilen über 99 Prozent ihres Wertes. Begehrt sind wegen der Abbildung zweier fast nackter Frauen auch die effektiven Stücke der Aktien.

Beate Uhse verstarb am 16. Juli 2001 in St. Gallen an den Folgen einer Lungenentzündung. Sie wurde anschließend auf dem Friedhof in Glücksburg beigesetzt. In ihrer letzten Verfügung hatte sie gewünscht, dass es "keine übliche Trauerfeier, sondern ein Volksfest" gäbe. Im August 2001 nahmen bei Country-Musik und Buletten tausende Bürger Abschied von Beate Uhse.
Ihr persönlicher Nachlass sowie das Unternehmensarchiv bis 2005 sind in der Forschungsstelle für Zeitgeschichte in Hamburg einsehbar.

Auszeichnungen und Ehrungen

1989 wurde Beate Uhse das Bundesverdienstkreuz am Bande verliehen.

1998 wurde ihr die "Ehrenvenus" des Berufsverbandes (International Erotic Award) verliehen.

1999 durfte sie sich zu ihrem 80. Geburtstag in das Goldene Buch der Stadt Flensburg eintragen.

2000 wurde ihr als größte europäische Auszeichnung der "Hot d'Or d'Honneur" in Cannes verliehen.

Die Kirchengemeinde St. Marien, der Beate Uhse von 1946 bis 1961 angehörte, enthüllte eine Ehrentafel. Zudem wurde nach ihrem Tod im neuen Ortsteil Hochfeld bei Flensburg-Tarup eine Stichstraße nach ihr Beate-Rotermund-Straße benannt (). 2015 wurde zudem erwogen, die Flensburger Fachhochschule nach der Unternehmerin zu benennen. Der Vorschlag konnte sich jedoch nicht durchsetzen, nach Angaben des FH-Präsidenten Holger Watter auf Grund mangelnden Mutes.

Rezeption
 mit Ulrich Pramann: Mit Lust und Liebe. Mein Leben. Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main/Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-550-06429-2.
 mit Ulrich Pramann: Ich will Freiheit für die Liebe – Beate Uhse. Die Autobiographie. Ullstein, München 2001, ISBN 3-548-60049-2.
 Sex sells. Die Erfolgsstory von Europas größtem Erotik-Konzern. Knaur, München 2002, ISBN 3-426-77599-9.

Filme
 2011: Beate Uhse – Das Recht auf Liebe (Regie: Hansjörg Thurn; Titelrolle: Franka Potente)

Theater
 2012: Beate U. – Ein Frauenleben in Schleswig Holstein, Musikalische Revue von Peter Schanz (Regie: Peter Dorsch; Musikalische Leitung: Dietrich Bartsch) am Schleswig-Holsteinischen Landestheater

Literatur
 Elizabeth D. Heineman: Der Mythos Beate Uhse. Respektabilität, Geschichte und autobiographisches Marketing in der frühen Bundesrepublik. In: Werkstatt Geschichte. 40, 2006 (online PDF; 4,98 MB).
 Elizabeth D. Heineman: Before Porn Was Legal: The Erotica Empire of Beate Uhse. Chicago 2011, ISBN 978-0-226-32521-7.
 Jürgen Hobrecht: Beate Uhse. Chronik eines Lebens. Beate Uhse Holding, Flensburg 2003, ISBN 3-00-010643-X.
 Uta van Steen: Liebesperlen – Beate Uhse. Eine deutsche Karriere. Europäische Verlagsanstalt, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-434-50548-2.
 Sybille Steinbacher: Wie der Sex nach Deutschland kam. Siedler, München 2011, ISBN 978-3-88680-977-6.
 Katrin Rönicke: Beate Uhse. Ein Leben gegen Tabus. Residenz Verlag, Salzburg Wien 2019, ISBN 978-3-7017-3466-5.

Weblinks

 Foto Vorderseite der Schrift X bei spiegel-online.de
 Beate-Uhse-Shop
 Beate Uhse, die erste Erotik-Influencerin Deutschlands In: Zeitblende von Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen vom 23. Oktober 2021

Einzelnachweise

Kunstflugpilot
Militärpilot (Luftwaffe der Wehrmacht)
Hauptmann (Luftwaffe der Wehrmacht)
Unternehmer (Deutschland)
Unternehmer (20. Jahrhundert)
Unternehmer (21. Jahrhundert)
Person (Flensburg)
Sexualaufklärung
Träger des Bundesverdienstkreuzes am Bande
Person (Juist)
Beate
Pilot (Deutschland)
Deutscher
Geboren 1919
Gestorben 2001
Frau

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The month of February means Valentine's Day and during this time of year we want to bring awareness to heart health. A Healthy Heart is a healthy YOU! So how do we ensure excellent cardiovascular health?!
Whether it is taking daily walks, doing yoga, going to the gym, sitting in the sauna, dancing, or participating in taekwondo, we all NEED exercise to support a healthy heart. Be aware of how much you sit. Walk to work, park further away in the parking lot, take stairs instead of elevators, invest in an adjustable desk if you have desk job. Simple tasks such as these can help significantly in your overall health and wellbeing.
Watch what you eat! Yes, it is difficult because we live in the United States, but it is easily the most important aspect of your health. Limit your sugar intake, eliminate your refined carbohydrate consumption (white bread, cookies, crackers, pastas, etc…), try to avoid processed and prepackaged food and meats, and GET RID of soda! Choose eggs over French toast and a chicken breast over a grilled cheese sandwich. We should be eating foods rich in Omegas such as Salmon and Chia Seeds. Pick nutrient dense foods such as Avocados, Walnuts, and Leafy Green Vegetables! Not only will you maintain a healthy weight, but you will look better, FEEL better, and live longer. Let's go! Your family and friends need you!
??? BUT WHAT SHOULD I TAKE ???
The list goes on and on but supplementing vitamins and minerals in your daily routine should be an important part of your day. There are a plethora of herbs that will support your cardiovascular health. Have a question? Pick up the phone and call one of our friendly staff members to discuss what is important. To name a few important nutrients for heart health, we recommend Garlic, Turmeric, Fish Oil, and Vitamins C, D, and E! These may help support your immune system, reduce inflammation (the culprit to heart disease), and prevent the formation of plaque and atherosclerosis.
Therefore, we recommend our #33S Doctor Formulated Supplement to help meet your daily needs. Backed by evidence and supported by the latest research, we have designed this formula with you in mind. A unique formula blend of essential nutrients to support, protect, and maintain a healthy heart! Try this supplement out during heart healthy month at a special discounted rate. We not only want to help you achieve your health and fitness goals, but we want to educate you and help guide you through this lifetime practice. We want to be a resource for YOU! We are stronger together and LOVE you with all our HEART!
Although it is not the cheapest oil to purchase, clary sage oil has some great benefits. Clary Sage is good for easing depression, relieving female problems, and help clear a congested complexion. In Jamaica, it was used amongst the local people for cleaning and cooling ulcers and for inflammation of the eyes.
Clary Sage is native to southern Europe. It is a stout biennial herb that grows to be 3 feet tall. It has large hairy leaves and small white or blue flowers. The oil is extracted by steam distillation from the flowering tops and leaves. It is a pale yellowy greenish color with a sweet nutty scent and may blend well with juniper, lavender, geranium, sandalwood pine, and frankincense to name a few.
Clary sage is calming to the nervous system, particularly in cases of depression, stress, insomnia and deep seated tension. Furthermore it is a good tonic for the womb and female functions in general, such as painful periods, menstruation and relaxation during labor, thus encouraging a less painful birth. During menopause, clary sage oil can help reduce hot flushes, night sweats, palpitations, irritability, as well as headaches and dizziness. It is also good for muscle pains, digestive disorders, kidney diseases and the cooling of inflammation of the skin.
Blend with 1 tblsp (15ml) of Almond or Grapeseed Oil. Give a relaxing massage particularly for back, neck and shoulders.
CHF #33+ A special formulation utilizing a multiplicity of micronutrients, for a balanced nutritional support for the Heart and Vascular system.
CHF #68 May help ease depression, restore arthritic joints, and may help cleanse the liver.


UU A Way Of Life: Ask Alexa - What is the purpose of my life?
Ask Alexa - What is the purpose of my life?
Alexa, What is the purpose of my life?
That is a question for God. In spite of what you might think, I am not God although I do have a lot of data about you. I know your likes and dislikes and am above average in predicting how you will behave on the path of the ego.


Deltech Corporation is the manufacturer of a group of enhanced performance aromatic monomers that includes para-methylstyrene (PMS), vinyltoluene (VT) and tertiary-butylstyrene (TBS). Deltech Corporation was established in 1988 to produce these monomers at our headquarters facility in Baton Rouge, LA. Deltech also produces the reactive monomer divinylbenzene (DVB) and other specialty monomers at the Baton Rouge site. The Baton Rouge site is certified compliant to ISO 9001:2000.
Deltech Resins Corporation produces and sells via Thibault & Walker oil modified urethanes, alkyds and various other specialty resins and via Ur-Cryl Polymer Corporation, polyurethane dispersions and acrylic emulsions.
Deltech Polymers Corporation produces crystal polystyrene and styrene copolymers at our facility in Troy, OH.


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Tag industry
Women And Diversity Within The Automotive Industry
By jenny in automotive news Tag automotive, diversity, industry, within, women
To serve its business traveller clientele, the cabin of the HondaJet 2600 Concept presents three kinds of modular, extremely customisable layouts, Honda added. HondaJet has been having quite a run, with 31 jets offered in 2020 marking the fourth straight yr of being probably the most delivered jet in its class. Power battery put in capacityIn September, China's power battery outputs reached 23.2GWh, surging 168.9% 12 months on year, while also rising 18.9% month on month, in accordance with China Automotive Power Battery Industry Innovation Alliance .
The Pleasure+ XTec comes with a 110cc BS-6 compliant engine, which produces eight BHP of power and eight.7Nm of peak torque. Smedley factors out the info based mostly solely on the Turkish GP won't be the right barometer for judging who is the fastest beginning driver. Greaves Finance was set up last month to facilitate financing of electric two-wheelers and electrical three-wheelers. Get browser notifications for breaking news, live events, and exclusive reporting. 52M ago Texas hospital says governor making it harder to look after sufferers Governor's order attracts fire from Houston Methodist, the first massive U.S. medical system to require workers to get photographs. Updated 25M in the past FDA urges food …
What's Going On In The International Automotive Industry?
By jenny in automotive industry Tag automotive, going, industry, international, whats
Given that final year's comparative base was considerably impacted by the emergence of the Covid-19 virus, EU automobile registrations this year confirmed a pointy year-on-year drop in January-February, adopted by an even more optically pronounced restoration throughout March-May. This was adopted by a strong fee of development of 10.4% YoY in June, against a a lot greater prior-year comparative base. However, the ACEA notes that the first half registration numbers have been still well beneath the 2019 pre-Covid ranges, by as a lot as 1.5mn models (or 21.7%) for the comparable period.
The report did highlight anticipated improved experiences with over-the-air know-how. " As over-the-air updates and the software-defined car continue to advance in complexity and feature-centric design, new avenues are being solid to offer fresh and upgradable automobile experiences," EPM report. Progress has been made in developing infrastructure and solely one-in-five EV owners claim to charge infrastructure to be a barrier. However, lack of infrastructure, either actual or perceived, remains a key barrier to EV possession as proven on this client survey knowledge. According to the report, Tesla is leading the greatest way in both range and battery measurement, reduce consumer issues about EV adoption.
Botswana's Government Seeks To
How The Auto Industry Is Increasing Electrical Engineering Jobs
By jenny in automotive engineering Tag electrical, engineering, increasing, industry
If you are a national of one of the countries below, or in case you have lately completed a qualification equivalent to a UK Bachelors degree or greater in certainly one of these international locations, you will normally meet our English necessities. Note that qualifications obtained by distance learning or awarded by studying outside these nations can't be accepted for English language functions. Industry-related projects ought to give you a really feel of what the demands and expectations shall be at you future office, as properly as enabling you to follow and apply your skills to real engineering tasks.
Automotive engineering may be referred to as "vehicle engineering". Over time, automotive engineers can enter senior-level administration positions within their corporations. Some acquire the experience and experience to open their very own consulting engineering corporations. Others take sales positions in car firms because they already possess the technical information. Those with master's levels or PhDs train and share their experiences with college engineering students. Today's automotive engineers are anticipated to make connections amongst totally different areas of data and combine them in ways that profit the automotive industry, society and the surroundings. Automotive engineers have to be properly grounded in their …
The Japanese Automotive Industry
By jenny in top automotive companies Tag automotive, industry, japanese
In today's international financial system, Japanese automobile manufacturers are importing parts and elements at growing rates, forcing the country's parts suppliers to diversify their product choices to compete with suppliers overseas. This has resulted in a rise of imports and exports of automotive associated items. Other companies are extra diversified, producing automotive items in addition to merchandise for other industries inside their competencies. As a result, many companies manufacturing goods for various industries are however closely reliant on the automotive trade.
As of 31 December 2016, the BMW Group had a workforce of 124,729 employees. The success of the BMW Group has always been primarily based on long-term thinking and responsible motion. The firm has subsequently established ecological and social sustainability all through the value chain, comprehensive product duty and a transparent dedication to conserving resources as an integral part of its technique. Ford Motor Company is a multinational automaker company that sells automobiles and industrial vehicles underneath the Ford brand, and most luxurious automobiles beneath the Lincoln model. With its subsidiaries and a strong network of distribution, the corporate has its presence in North America, Europe, Asia- Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa. Some of its …
Auto Industry Gross Sales Quantity To Leap 25% In H1
By jenny in auto market Tag gross, industry, quantity, sales
While marginal, it does sign inexperienced shoots of recovery ahead with an virtually 50% improve in mainstream hatchbacks — about 17,300 units shipped in July. This also demonstrates growing demand for safer, personal mobility choices. In addition, Maruti Suzuki is planning to launch a variety of compact SUVs within the second half of 2020, enhancing its choices on this relatively resilient category. The July automotive gross sales distribution sample, nonetheless, reveals that recovery from the pandemic not only varies in velocity throughout the nation, however can additionally be uneven. This can be attributed to the size of lockdowns in several regions, the underlying financial system of a region, shopper confidence, availability of finance and incentives supplied by sellers. Broadly, retail gross sales are recovering quicker in semi-urban and rural areas, which have been relatively much less impacted by the unfold of COVID-19. Despite the uncertain circumstances, it is expected that the used automotive market will see a much quicker restoration from the pandemic when compared to the new car market, considering the robust drivers like rising want for personal automobiles and price range constraints.
While gross sales didn't make up for the Q2 loss, the strong rebound is encouraging. After …


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HQ Nightclub Set to Reopen May 15?
HQ Nightclub Set to Reopen May 15???
I told them they should not come in until I have an attraction, which is a casino, or a strip mall, or an outlet mall. But they're saying they have enough following, they want to open up." The proposed date for HQ Nightclub and Jose Garces Restaurants to re-open is May 15th.
After nine months of litigation, constant back and forth with tenants and $82 million, Glenn Straub finally is the new owner of the once bustling 6.3 million-square-foot beachfront property, Revel Hotel and Casino.
Now that Revel has a new owner and a new outlook, it will be very exciting to see where Glenn Straub may take it next. Straub has not made any promises of exact dates or timetables. However, he has released a redevelopment plan for the reopening of his newly purchased property. He has dubbed it "The Phoenix Plan", a $500 million redevelopment plan, not only for Revel, but Bader Field as well. Plans call for equestrian fields and docking at the field for high-speed ferries and helicopters to and from New York City.
One of Straub's biggest obstacles to purchasing the property was opposition from Revel's tenants, such as HQ Nightclub, Jose Garces Restaurants and ACR Energy. Their lawyers said the sale would cause the tenants to lose their entire investments. In HQ Nightclub's case that would be upwards of $16 million. ACR would lose upwards of $160 million.
According to Philly.com, Straub said he has reached a deal with Jose Garces Restaurants and the HQ Nightclub. So Revel is set to re-open on Friday, May 15, just in time for summer!
With the tenants' optimistic outlook, it seems Straub is in cahoots with them. Even Straub himself said, "They should not come in until I have an attraction, which is a casino, or a strip mall, or an outlet mall". The tenants have a different feeling, according to Straub. "They're saying they have enough following, they want to open up".
HQ Nightclub, Restaurants, Whats Next?
As of right now, it is hard to say what is going to happen at Revel. One thing Straub does have is a real-life plan. It will transform the beachfront property and hire 6,000 people by building an indoor/outdoor waterpark costing upwards of $100 million. He has not decided on the opening date but some of his plans could be as close to a year away. He refuses ruling out opening for the summer of 2015.