text:
A Brief History of Industrial Hemp
cbd drugs for inflammation
If a state or Indian tribe needs to have main regulatory authority over hemp production of their borders, they might submit a plan for monitoring and regulating hemp manufacturing to USDA. States which have already submitted a plan might be given the possibility to reaffirm the plan they want USDA to judge, or to submit a brand new plan if desired.
From the Nineteen Fifties to the Eighties, the Soviet Union was the world's largest producer of hemp (3,000 square kilometres (1,200 sq mi) in 1970). The primary production areas were in Ukraine, the Kursk and Orel areas of Russia, and close to the Polish border. In 2017, the cultivated space for hemp in the Prairie provinces include Saskatchewan with greater than 56,000 acres (23,000 ha), Alberta with 45,000 acres (18,000 ha), and Manitoba with 30,000 acres (12,000 ha). Canadian hemp is cultivated mostly for its meals worth as hulled hemp seeds, hemp oils, and hemp protein powders, with solely a small fraction devoted to production of hemp fiber used for building and insulation. cbd bath bombs Commercial production (together with cultivation) of business hemp has been permitted in Canada since 1998 under licenses and authorization issued by Health Canada (9,725 ha in 2004, 5450 ha in 2009).
Bio-mass and seed manufacturing might be lowered if crops do not receive sufficient sun and warmth all through the rising season. Hemp was used extensively by the United States throughout World War II to make uniforms, canvas, and rope. During World War II, the U.S. produced a brief 1942 film, Hemp for Victory, selling daily dose hemp seed oil hemp as a necessary crop to win the warfare. U.S. farmers participated in the campaign to extend U.S. hemp production to 36,000 acres in 1942. This improve amounted to greater than 20 times the manufacturing in 1941 before the struggle effort.
Additionally, does the 15-day window mark the start of harvest or the tip of harvest? Some fields might take a number of days to reap and could conceivably be began before but finished after the 15-day window closes. USDA is requesting public comment signature cbd cartridges pineapple express cbd e-liquid and information regarding this sampling and harvest timeline. In order to supply hemp, a farmer should first be licensed or licensed under a state or tribal hemp program or through the USDA hemp program.
The process to legalize hemp cultivation started in 2009, when Oregon began approving licenses for industrial hemp. Then, in 2013, after the legalization of marijuana, several farmers in Colorado planted and harvested several acres of hemp, bringing in the first hemp crop within the United States in over half a century. After that, the federal authorities created a Hemp Farming Pilot Program as a part of the Agricultural Act of 2014. This program allowed institutions of higher training and state agricultural departments to begin growing hemp without the consent of the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA).
In 1961, the United Nations drafted the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs outlining standards for common coordination of the management and use of narcotic drugs, in addition to worldwide agreements on illegal activities. Industrial hemp was included on this control measure as part of the hashish plant household.
Hemp accommodates lower than one % of the energetic ingredient THC, the substance that provides marijuana smokers a high. Hemp's connection to marijuana has ruined alternatives for farmers, such as Wise, to grow the crops on their farms, he said.
The major differences between the 2 kinds of plants are the looks, and the amount of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) secreted in a resinous combination by epidermal hairs known as glandular trichomes, though they can be distinguished genetically. Oilseed and fiber kinds of Cannabis permitted for industrial hemp manufacturing produce only minute amounts of this psychoactive drug, not sufficient for any bodily or psychological effects. Typically, hemp incorporates below 0.3% THC, whereas cultivars of Cannabis grown for medicinal or recreational use can include anywhere from 2% to over 20%.
Standing hemp is harvested when roughly 70% to 80% of the seeds are ripe and the grain pattern has a seed moisture vary of 10% to twenty%. Hemp is indeterminate in growth so the seeds at the top of the head shall be much less mature than ones on the underside. Hemp is ready to combine when the bracts across the seed have dried up and the seed is uncovered. Hemp was grown throughout the western and central provinces of Canada properly earlier than confederation.
The chief promoter of the Tax Act, Harry Anslinger, began selling anti-marijuana legislation around the world. After these laws had been handed, industrial hemp was returned to Mother Nature because the custodian of the health and survival of the plant.
Did cows eat hemp?
Aside from hemp feed being high in protein and fatty acids, hemp-fed cattle are antibiotic, steroid and hormone free. Hemp-fed cows taste better too, he said. "It has a better flavor, a better taste," Lee said. According to Lee, Wise is probably the only farmer in the United States that feeds his cows hemp.
Unfortunately this article was "too little, too late." In 1937, The Marijuana Tax Act was passed making it unlawful to produce marijuana and any plant type in association to the hashish household. Federal Bureau of Narcotics and President Franklin D. Roosevelt and, regardless of opposition from the American Medical Association, the act was handed and the moratorium began. In 1938 Popular Mechanics revealed an article that described hemp as the "new billion greenback crop." A billion dollars in these days was fairly unimaginable by everybody regardless of their financial standing. The article went on to demonstrate "over 25,000 uses for the plant ranging from dynamite to cellophane." #https://www.justcbdstore.com# The Best CBD Personal Lubricants from JustCBDHemp was coming into its own as a viable crop for North American farmers and a potential resolution for literally thousands of shopper wants. It has been an important supply of food and fibre with references courting again to ancient China and Mesopotamia.
When the US authorities increased its resolve to fight in opposition to medicine such as marijuana, hemp by some means got grouped with its hashish cousin. The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 started the most important decline of the hemp industry, as all hemp sales started to get closely taxed on. There has been some controversy over this invoice, as some have argued that this policy was aimed to reduce the scale of the hemp industry to be able cbd pain cream to help the emerging plastic and nylon industries achieve market share. Exports of processed hemp seed and by-products (oil and protein powder) have experienced the same robust development trend over the previous decade. The United States remains the biggest single food market for Canadian industrial hemp production however processed products are being shipped to over thirty totally different international locations worldwide.
Animals, each wild and domesticated, might graze on naturally rising hemp before the plants had been largely eradicated from the panorama under federal prohibition. In the heartland, which some farmers have called a "candy spot" for growing hemp, industrial hemp production has taken it on the chin. First-12 months yields have been lower than impressive,some reviews present, due to delayed planting schedules and heavy rains. It has created a scenario the place the preliminary harvest is a measly wanting bunch, to say the least.
Farm Bill, Section 7606, explicitly states that industrial hemp is accredited for analysis by state agriculture departments and universities. Having these guidelines in place make it attainable for other agencies and industries, similar to monetary establishments and crop insurance providers, to start establishing their very own tips and procedures for coping with industrial hemp. While it is impressive that the department was able to put together a comprehensive set of laws for an advanced problem in a brief time period, questions remain about some features of hemp manufacturing.
The bast fibers can be utilized to make textiles that are one hundred% hemp, however they are commonly blended with other fibers, similar to flax, cotton or silk, as well as virgin and recycled polyester, to make woven materials for apparel and furnishings. The internal two fibers of the plant are woodier and usually have industrial functions, similar to mulch, animal bedding, and litter. When oxidized (usually erroneously known as "drying"), hemp oil from the seeds becomes solid and can be used in the manufacture of oil-based mostly paints, in lotions as a moisturizing agent, for cooking, and in plastics. A survey in 2003 confirmed that greater than 95% of hemp seed bought within the European Union was utilized in animal and fowl feed. Hemp is grown in temperate zones as an annual cultivated from seed and may attain a peak of as much as 5 metres (sixteen toes).
Do hemp plants smell?
Abraham Lincoln used hemp seed oil in his lamps. Some hemp websites even go so far as to claim that Lincoln wrote the Emancipation Proclamation by the light of a hemp seed-oil lamp. Several websites claim our sixteenth president wrote that strange sentence in a letter to the Hohner harmonica folks in 1855.
Moreover, the federal government's increased efforts towards drugs led to The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937, which placed heavy taxes on the sale of cannabis. Arrests for possession and dealing adopted shortly after, with convictions for violating the Tax Act. After virtually 30 years of being forbidden, the U.S. allowed companies toimport dietary hemp products in 2004. In the brand new century, utility of hemp started to diversify as artisans and small companies imported hemp fiber for clothes and textiles. The first huge win for U.S. farmers came in 2007, when two North Dakota farmers had been granted hemp licenses—the first time in over 50 years.
Another factor contributing to the increase in U.S. agricultural production of corn has been the rise in demand for ethanol production. In turn, the demand has driven corn costs larger, incentivizing farmers to supply more corn. To meet the demand, the farming trade has increased corn acreage by adjusting crop rotations, shifting to corn from different crops, and planting corn on cropland previously utilized as pasture. In 2017, corn farmers across the nation planted over ninety million acres and harvested 82.7 million acres of corn, yielding 14.6 million bushels of corn. The high corn producing states, Iowa and Illinois, usually account for about one-third of the U.S. crop.
Growing hemp is a laborious affair, particularly since many farmers do not presently have the proper gear to efficiently see the method through from seed to harvest. For decades, cannabis advocates have preached that industrial hemp might be a saving grace for the national economy. Of course, this salvation was (and still is) contingent on whether the nation is willing to embrace hemp as a sustainable various to supplies like plastic, cotton and fossil fuels. The second stage involves harvesting the stalks remaining in the area.
Licensed growers must abide by stringent rules, including exams to make sure that the THC ranges in any hemp stay at or under the restrict of 0.3 percent. , When you ask Kentuckians what they need to make hemp a hit, their first answer is at all times to take the plant off the federal list of managed substances.
Speculation concerning the potential for industrial cultivation of hemp in large quantities has been criticized due to profitable competition from other fibers for many products. The world manufacturing of hemp fiber fell from over 300,000 metric tons 1961 to about seventy five,000 metric tons in the early Nineteen Nineties and has after that been stable at that level.
Ever since, American farmers grew hemp that was used throughout multiple completely different merchandise, similar to paper, lamp fuels, and ropes. In the 1700s, farmers were even legally required to develop hemp as a staple crop. Many of our founding fathers grew hemp and advocated its uses and advantages. Most notably, Thomas Jeffersonwrotethe draft of the Declaration of Independence on hemp paper. Evidence of hemp materials have been found in Asia, Europe, Africa, and later in South America.
Prior to the tip of alcohol prohibition, Anslinger had claimed that hashish was not a problem, didn't harm folks, and "There is probably no extra absurd fallacy" than the concept it makes folks violent. His critics argue he shifted not as a result of goal evidence but self-curiosity as a result of obsolescence of the Department of Prohibition he headed when alcohol prohibition ceased – campaigning for a new Prohibition against its use. Restrictions on cannabis (Cannabis Sativa, typically referred to as "Indian Hemp" in documents before the Forties) as a drug began in native laws in New York in 1860.
Alcohol gasoline (ethanol or, much less generally, methanol) could be made by fermenting the entire plant. They include 5% water, 5% carbohydrates, forty nine% complete fats, and 31% protein. Hemp seeds are notable in providing 64% of the Daily Value (DV) of protein per 100-gram serving.
Hemp is taken into account by a 1998 study in Environmental Economics to be environmentally pleasant as a result of a lower of land use and different environmental impacts, indicating a potential lower of ecological footprint in a US context in comparison with typical benchmarks. Hemp crops could be susceptible to various pathogens, together with bacteria, fungi, nematodes, viruses and other miscellaneous pathogens. Such illnesses typically result in decreased fiber quality, stunted development, and dying of the plant. These illnesses rarely affect the yield of a hemp field, so hemp manufacturing isn't traditionally dependent on using pesticides. Hemp shives are the core of the stem, hemp hurds are broken elements of the core.
Trees are carbon sinks. If they scaremongeres cared one ounce at all about lowering carbon amounts in the atmosphere, they'd demand the restoration of industrial hemp to end deforestation. Carbon tax is a scam.
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE GLOBAL WARMING SCAM https://t.co/e8lqNKEmHL
— Tim Willwerth (@TimApunahas) May 8, 2019
Production is on the Rise for the Number One Crop in America
In the EU, they're used for animal bedding (horses, as an example), or for horticultural mulch. Industrial hemp is far more profitable if each fibers and shives (and even seeds) can be utilized. Hemp paper are paper varieties consisting exclusively or to a big extent from pulp obtained from fibers of industrial hemp. The merchandise are primarily specialty papers corresponding to cigarette paper, banknotes and technical filter papers. Compared to wood pulp, hemp pulp presents a four to 5 times longer fibre, a considerably lower lignin fraction in addition to a better tear resistance and tensile strength.
Farmers have been informed early on that they might be raking in the big bucks in the event that they received into hemp production. Anew reportshows that 285,000 acres of hemp were grown this yr in the U.S. – a seventy two percent improve from 2018. But now that the first harvest is considered mostly a wrap, many farmers are struggling to find a market where they'll promote it. There is evidently a shortage of hemp seed that can be used to produce excessive-CBD yields.
Anslinger was part of a larger motion aimed toward alarming the public as a part of the federal government's broader push to outlaw all leisure drugs. Although hemp played a outstanding cbd tincture role in the nation's early years, attitudes towards the crop shifted within the 1900s. While the 2018 Farm Bill legalized hemp, other challenges stay for the new U.S. hemp business.
The Puritans are first known to have cultivated hemp in New England in 1645.
However, this does vary with the variability and maturity of the fiber desired.
Since then, ranchers in Colorado have begun to introduce hemp to their livestock's foodstuffs.
Pollen-producing flowers kind many-branched clusters on staminate, or male, plants.
Their efforts led to the legalization of industrial hemp (hemp with solely minute quantities of tetrahydrocannabinol) in Canada and the first harvest in 1998. In the Australian states of Tasmania, Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, New South Wales, and most recently, South Australia, the state governments have issued licences to develop hemp for industrial use. The first to initiate modern analysis into the potential of cannabis was the state of Tasmania, which pioneered the licensing of hemp during the early Nineties.
Producers turned many of the hemp harvested in 2018 and 2019 into CBD oil or hemp extract, the hyper-popular complement with quite a few benefits. In addition, individual states continue to move laws facilitating hemp rising and the production and gross sales of CBD supplements within their borders.
sativa (left) is suited for industrial hemp, nevertheless it also has medicinal varieties. There have been studies and experiments with promising results by which waste fiber from industrial hemp was used as a component in supercapacitors for vitality storage. Commercial biodiesel and biogas is typically produced from cereals, coconuts, palm seeds, and cheaper raw materials like rubbish, wastewater, useless plant and animal material, animal feces and kitchen waste. Hemp crops are tall, have thick foliage, and can be planted densely, and thus could be grown as a smother crop to kill robust weeds.
One key point that has been made by RMA is that a crop breaching the 0.3% THC limit isn't considered a coated loss beneath WFRP, even if that may be pushed by weather situations. The bulletin additionally said that hemp as a commodity was not insurable for the 2019 crop 12 months. Later in 2019, Congress included a provision within the Disaster Relief Act requiring the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation to offer protection under WFRP for hemp within the 2020 reinsurance yr. The 2018 farm invoice restricted the participation of certain convicted felons in hemp production. A individual with a state or federal felony conviction referring to a managed substance is subject to a ten-year ineligibility restriction on producing hemp, with an exclusion for many who were lawfully growing hemp underneath the 2014 farm invoice.
Industrial Hemp Production and Irrigation hosted by MSU Extension will address the basics of industrial hemp including a brief history, pertinent laws and regulations, types, uses and markets, agronomy, and economics. https://t.co/2wCAQyQI7m pic.twitter.com/3blkAyrCY2
— SARE in WV (@SAREinWV) June 16, 2019
One Tennessee farmer says it could possibly be Spring earlier than he seeks out a purchaser. Because so long as the market is flooded with hemp and nobody is buying it, the crop doesn't have much value at this juncture.
USDA has acknowledged some of the uncertainty surrounding testing and understands that a farmer might do every thing proper however nonetheless have a "sizzling crop" and should not be unduly punished for outcomes outdoors of their management. Also, the foundations, fortunately, do not make it tougher to secure dependable farm labor and they reaffirm that states that haven't legalized hemp may not intervene in the interstate transportation of the crop.
In the US, hemp can be utilized legally in food merchandise and, as of 2000[replace], was typically offered in well being food shops or via mail order. †Percentages are roughly approximated utilizing US suggestions for adults.Hemp seeds could be eaten uncooked, floor into hemp meal, sprouted or made into dried sprout powder. Hemp seeds may also be made into a liquid and used for baking or for beverages similar to hemp milk and tisanes. Hemp oil is chilly-pressed from the seed and is high in unsaturated fatty acids.
This report showed a complete stock of 11.806 million head for the United States on March 1. This lack of change yr-over-yr is true consistent with analysts' expectations of a median improve of 0.2% in feedlot inventories.
Hemp makes a comeback
Hopefully with the discharge of this rule, the banking industry will develop appropriate steerage, allowing farmers to acquire financing and make the most of different financial providers if they produce hemp. Hemp farmers are additionally experiencing issues withbanking, crop insurance coverage and a lack of access to the suitable herbicides and pesticides. In different phrases, it's undoubtedly going to take some time before hemp makes a comeback within the United States.
Manufacturers were additionally interested in byproducts such as the seed oil for paint and lacquer, and hurds for paper. The Canadian authorities, following the American lead, prohibited manufacturing underneath the Opium and Narcotics Act on August 1, 1938.
As an example, earlier this year, Idaho state police seized a truck carrying $1.3 million value of hemp cultivated lawfully in Oregon that was on its way to Colorado for processing. These new laws reaffirm that no restrictions on the transportation of hemp might happen, offering farmers entry to nationwide markets. These new guidelines additionally acknowledge the truth that a farmer could unintentionally produce a crop that checks over the restrict regardless of their efforts to produce a crop that complies with federal regulation. The rule determines that a producer does not commit a negligent violation if they produce vegetation that exceed the suitable hemp THC stage as long as they use affordable efforts to develop the plant and it doesn't check at greater than 0.5% THC on a dry weight basis. Although a farmer testing above zero.3% however beneath zero.5% is probably not negligent, the crop remains to be thought-about a controlled substance and must be disposed of accordingly.
Hemp Today & Looking To The Future
Then got here World War II. The Japanese assault on Pearl Harbor shut off foreign supplies of "manila hemp" fiber from the Philippines. The USDA produced a movie called"Hemp For Victory"to encourage U.S. farmers to develop hemp for the war effort. The U.S. authorities shaped the War Hemp Industries Department and backed hemp cultivation. During the warfare, U.S. farmers grew about 1,000,000 acres of hemp throughout the Midwest as part of that program. Initially, the Canadian market focus was on the development of hemp varieties to fill demand from the fibre sector.
The world-leading producer of hemp is China, which produces greater than 70% of the world output. Smaller manufacturing happens in the rest of Europe, Chile, and North Korea. For profitable hemp farming, notably deep, humus-wealthy, nutrient-wealthy soil with controlled water circulate is preferable. Waterlogged acidic, compressed or extremely light (sandy) soils primarily affect the early development of crops.[citation needed] Steep and high altitudes of more than 400 m above sea degree are greatest averted. Hemp is relatively insensitive to cold temperatures and can withstand frost down to −5 °C.[citation wanted] Seeds can germinate down to 1–three °C.[citation needed] Hemp wants a lot of heat, so earlier varieties come to maturation.
Shortly after, mixed with conflicts with other huge enterprise, like tobacco, and anti-marijuana political movements, the entire hashish family, including hemp, fell to opposition campaigns and propaganda. Fast ahead to the 1700s, to a blossoming nation with an agriculturally-pushed financial system. While most farmers most popular to grow tobacco, hemp was such a staple crop that its cultivation in many of the colonies was legally mandated by England. While hemp is a well-liked matter today, this isn't the first time the plant has been involved in our tradition.
Kentucky Aims to be the Epicenter of Hemp
As the hemp matures, the bracts surrounding the seed will dry and expose the seed for natural dry down. Fall frosts will assist the dry down process and the harvest can usually begin three to 5 days after a frost.
Hemp has been grown for millennia in Asia and the Middle East for its fibre. Commercial production of hemp within the West took off in the eighteenth century, however was grown within the sixteenth century in eastern England. Because of colonial and naval expansion of the period, economies wanted giant quantities of hemp for rope and oakum.
This could be accomplished by providing USDA with a replica of the documentation of disposal supplied by the authorized agent or through the use of reporting requirements established by USDA. On Tuesday, Oct. 29, USDA released the text of its interim ultimate rule for regulations establishing a home hemp production program. Since that is an interim final rule, it is going to be in effect immediately upon being printed within the Federal Register. The 2018 farm bill legalized the manufacturing of hemp as an agricultural commodity whereas eradicating it from the record of controlled substances (2018 Farm Bill Provides A Path Forward for Industrial Hemp). Hemp manufacturing is legal in 46 states and the farm bill permits Idaho, Mississippi, New Hampshire and South Dakota to continue to ban production of the crop within their borders.
Plants grown for oilseed are planted farther apart and are shorter and many-branched. In fibre production, most yield and quality are obtained by harvesting quickly after the crops attain maturity, indicated by the complete blossoms and freely shedding pollen of the male plants. Although sometimes pulled up by hand, plants are more often cut off about 2.5 cm (1 inch) above the bottom. Although hemp was a big a part of early UShistory, attitude in the direction of the crop started to alter within the early 1900s.
Harvesting Fiber Hemp
The invoice modified hemp from a controlled substance to an agricultural commodity, legalizing hemp federally, which made it simpler for farmers to get manufacturing licenses, get loans to grow hemp, and allowed them to get federal crop insurance. Some states nonetheless think about it illegal to develop hemp, however 47 states have enacted legislation to make hemp authorized to grow at the state level, as of 2019.
Any earlier and the yield will be decreased, and any later will end in ineffective defoliation. Because hemp is sensitive to light, early planting will produce taller crops and thus more fiber. Stems should not be chopped or damaged too much in the harvesting process since long fibers are more desirable.
Hemp manufacturing in Kentucky, formerly the United States' main producer, resumed in 2014. Hemp manufacturing in North Carolina resumed in 2017, and in Washington State the identical yr. By the top of 2017, at least 34 U.S. states had industrial hemp programs. In 2018, New York started taking strides in industrial hemp manufacturing, together with hemp research pilot packages at Cornell University, Binghamton University and SUNY Morrisville. indica usually has poor fiber quality and feminine buds from this variety are primarily used for recreational and medicinal purposes.
What was hemp originally used for?
Hemp originated in Central Asia. Hemp cultivation for fibre was recorded in China as early as 2800 bce and was practiced in the Mediterranean countries of Europe early in the Christian era, spreading throughout the rest of Europe during the Middle Ages.
Hemp farming was finally officially banned altogether in 1970 with the passage of the Controlled Substances Act during which hemp was included as a Schedule 1 drug, grouping this crop with medicine like heroin and LSD. Increased producer curiosity in industrial hemp production began to build momentum as soon as once more in the late Nineties and early 2000s. In 2005 and 2006, supply exceeded demand and enormous unsold carry-overs dictated a severe drop in production in subsequent years.
It is thought that hemp was grown beneath the French regime, and was the primary crop to be subsidized by authorities. In 1801, the Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada distributed hemp seeds to farmers. Talbot wrote that if Canada produced sufficient hemp to provide Britain, this is able to end their dependence on a international power and tremendously profit Canadian settlers. In 1822, the provincial parliament of Upper Canada allocated £300 for the purchase of machinery to process hemp and £50 a year over three years for repairs. Mr. Fielding, finance minister said that there was a market in Canada and with some government encouragement a mill might be established in Manitoba to attract from crops within the vicinity.
USDA is requesting public touch upon these questions and it's important for farmers and stakeholders to take part in the process. These new regulations supply much-wanted steering for farmers and others concerned within the production of commercial hemp. Importantly, we now have a better thought of how the crop shall be sampled and examined for its THC content material and what happens when a crop breaches the 0.three% THC limit.
Similar attempts have been made in Peru, Colombia, and Mexico, however solely in Chile did the crop find success. In July 1605, Samuel Champlain reported the use of grass and hemp clothes by the (Wampanoag) folks of Cape Cod and the (Nauset) people of Plymouth Bay informed him they harvested hemp in their area the place it grew wild to a height of 4 to 5 ft. As early as 1619, the primary Virginia House of Burgesses passed an Act requiring all planters in Virginia to sow "both English and Indian" hemp on their plantations. The Puritans are first identified to have cultivated hemp in New England in 1645.
A lot of the farmers who have jumped into the hemp business are centered on capitalizing on the CBD craze. Although the American hemp market is predicted to reach more than$26 billionwithin the following six years, farmers are not residing the excessive life simply yet. In reality, many complain that the hemp business is not all that it's cracked up to be. There are nonetheless too many uncertainties and challenges that the agricultural sect should face earlier than this crop takes off in the best way that advocates have lengthy predicted. The following are the most common problems hemp farmers have been coping with since America's latest money crop was made authorized.
"The 2014 Farm Bill allowed states to have Industrial Hemp Pilot Research Programs, underneath which any part of the hemp plant could be produced by a licensed grower. Hemp may also be used for grain, and the flowers are sometimes used as a source for cannabidiol, a hemp extract also known as CBD.


Of course, the main difference on the Chinese dinner table is chopsticks instead of knife and fork, but that's only superficial. Besides, in decent restaurants, you can always ask for a pair of knife and fork, if you find the chopsticks not helpful enough. The real difference is that in the West, you have your own plate of food, while in China the dishes are placed on the table and everyone shares. If you are being treated to a formal dinner and particularly if the host thinks you're in the country for the first time, he will do the best to give you a taste of many different types of dishes.
The meal usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes, to be followed by the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes. Soup then will be served (unless in Guangdong style restaurants) to be followed by staple food ranging from rice, noodles to dumplings. If you wish to have your rice to go with other dishes, you should say so in good time, for most of the Chinese choose to have the staple food at last or have none of them at all.
Perhaps one of the things that surprises a Western visitor most is that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food into the plates of their guests. In formal dinners, there are always "public" chopsticks and spoons for this purpose, but some hosts may use their own chopsticks. This is a sign of genuine friendship and politeness. It is always polite to eat the food. If you do not eat it, just leave the food in the plate.
People in China tend to over-order food, for they will find it embarrassing if all the food is consumed. When you have had enough, just say so. Or you will always overeat!


text:
Janis Antonovics, Ph.D.
Lewis and Clark Professor of Biology
University of Virginia, Charlottesville
Born in 1942 in Riga, Latvia;
Studied Natural Sciences Tripos and Genetics at the University of Cambridge and Agricultural Botany at the University of North Wales
Limits to Disease Control – Failures in Disease
The Evolution of Genetic Systems Underlying Host-Pathogen Interactions
There are still huge gaps in our knowledge and understanding of host-pathogen evolution. For example we do not know why host populations, including humans, have overt genetic variation for resistance to some diseases, yet very little genetic variation for resistance to others. Nor do we know why the genetics of resistance is sometimes complex, but in other instances very simple. I will continue to investigate why humans have genetic variation for resistance to some diseases and not others. In conjunction with my colleagues, we will use theoretical approaches to investigate the evolution of host-pathogen genetic systems. I will investigate the nature of research on evolution and infectious disease and the structure of the underlying science. For example, do we need more theory or model systems, or how can researchers in evolution address pressing problems? I will also investigate the distribution of disease on a phylogenetic level; certain organisms seem not to get diseased. For example, there are no known bacterial or viral diseases in mosses. Is this because these organisms have not been studied, or do they have "fail-safe" resistance mechanisms? If so, why does evolution in the pathogens fail to overcome this resistance? I would also like to investigate why the germ theory of disease failed to be developed in Germany in the first half of the 19th century, in spite of the rapid development of German sciences at that time.
Antonovics, J. 2009. "The effect of sterilizing diseases on host abundance and distribution along environmental gradients." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 276: 1443-1448.
Lockhart, A. B., P. H. Thrall, and J. Antonovics. 1996. "The distribution and characteristics of sexually transmitted diseases in animals: Ecological and evolutionary implications." Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 71: 415-471.
Nunn, C. L., J. L. Gittleman, and J. Antonovics. 2000. "Promiscuity and the primate immune system." Science 290: 1168-1170.
Tuesday Colloquium, 16.11.2010
Traversing Disciplines in Infectious Disease Biology
My talk will have two "narratives", connected by common endpoints. The narratives will be "causal chains", one historical, the other scientific. Both relate to our public project at Wiko: failures in disease (which I softened to "limits to disease control" in the Fellows' brochure).
The historical chain represents my personal project at Wiko (of course, I also have a secret one). I am investigating the impact of a plant disease, anther smut, on the thinking of two famous biologists, Darwin and Linnaeus, and how (or if?) this thinking has had consequences for how we understand infectious disease in the present biomedical era. Linnaeus developed a cogent germ theory of disease, but was generally ignored. Darwin wasn't interested in disease, and we have suffered ever since.
The other chain is scientific. This will show how our present day research on anther smut, the disease that brushed the lives of Darwin and Linnaeus, can produce insights into human diseases. The most dangerous infections in nature are those that are sterilizing and sexually transmitted, not those that kill the individual, because they are most likely to result in extinction. However genetic variation in resistance greatly affects the outcomes. This leads to many questions about human populations: Why do humans have genes that resist some diseases but not others? What role does evolution play in controlling disease in nature? What role does evolution play in our failure to control infectious disease in humans?
Publications from the Fellows' Library
Antonovics, Janis (2018)
Linnaeus, smut disease and living contagion
The value of concept : lessons from the evolution of antibiotic resistance
A translation of the Linnaean dissertation The Invisible World
Too big to handle? : interdisciplinary perspectives on the question of why societies ignore looming disasters
The mosquito : an eloquent defence of Linnaeus
Biology and evolution of sexual transmission
The effect of sterilizing diseases on host abundance and distribution along environmental gradients
Evolution by any other name : antibiotic resistance and avoidance of the e-word
Disease transmission by cannibalism : rare event or common occurrence?
Promiscuity and the primate immune system
Made at Wiko 10/02/18
edinburgh University Press more publications in the Fellows' Library
Workshop (Convener) 10/09/14
Too Big to Handle - Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the Question of Why Societies Ignore Looming Disasters
more about the workshop

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


4/01/2019�� Created by farmers, for farmers,Farmers Business Network (FBN) is an independent & unbiased farmer-to-farmer network of thousands of American farms. By enabling thousands of farmers to work together, anonymously & securely to democratize information, the FBN network is helping farmers level the playing field & put power back in farmers hands.... Follow below instructions on how to get started with First Bank *894# code. How to Register for the First Bank Short Code *894# Before you will be eligible to use first bank code 894, you must register it with the phone number associated with your Firstbank account.
6/01/2019�� Company Overview. Farmer's Business Network, Inc. provides agronomic and financial insights for farmers and farmer-to-farmer networking solutions.... FBN has been scaling up its analytics, agricultural inputs distribution infrastructure, farmer member base and geographical reach, now representing over 16 million acres of farms. By working together, the companies will be able to offer turnkey solutions aiming to increase profitability for farmers interested in growing identity-preserved soybeans.
FBN created Farmer2Farmer to give farmers a place, and the time, specifically dedicated to changing the status quo, sharing straight talk with each other and creating the future of farming they want. Get Tickets!


text:
package validator

import "encoding/json"

// JSON validator
type JSON struct{}

// Check a param is json variable
func (j JSON) Check(param string) (m map[string]interface{}, ok bool) {

	if isBlank(param) {
		return
	}

	ok = json.Unmarshal([]byte(param), &m) == nil

	return
}

// Validate for Validator interface
func (j JSON) Validate(param string) bool {
	_, ok := j.Check(param)
	return ok
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


. Most Popular Men's Coats For 2018. January 24th 2018. Mornings Are Becoming Crisper And The Leaves Continue To Cover The Roads In A Crispy Mosaic Of Colour. The Season For Cold Nights And Snowy Wonderlands Is On The Horizon Meaning It's Time To Begin The Search For The Perfect Winter Jacket. Picking A Proper Fitting Winter Jacket Will Keep You Comfortable And Warm This Winter Season. Not Every Jacket Is Going To Fit Perfectly So Take Some Time To Try On A Few Different Styles And See What Works For You And What Feels The Most Comfortable. Bring On Winter! Make Sure You're Winter Ready This Season. Most Popular Women's Coats For December 2018 With Winter Temperature Still On The Horizon If You Still Haven't Found Your Perfect Winter Coat, It's Time To Continue The Search. Something That Fits Just Right, Looks Great And Provides Just The Right Amount Of Warmth Is Crucial So To Help You Get On The Right Track, We've Gathered Our ….


The A-12 was produced from 1962 to 1964 and operated from 1963 to 1968. It was the precursor to the twin-seat U.S. Air Force YF-12 prototype interceptor, M-21 launcher for the D-21 drone, and the SR-71 Blackbird, a slightly longer variant able to carry a heavier fuel and camera load. The A-12's final mission was flown in May 1968, and the program and aircraft retired in June. The program was officially revealed in the mid-1990s.
The Lockheed YF-12 was an American prototype interceptor aircraft evaluated by the United States Air Force. The YF-12 was a twin-seat version of the secret single-seat Lockheed A-12 reconnaissance aircraft, which led to the U.S. Air Force's Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird twin-seat reconnaissance variant. The YF-12 set and held speed and altitude world records of over 2,000 mph (3,200 km/h) and over 80,000 ft (24,384 m) (later surpassed by the SR-71), and is the world's largest manned interceptor to date.


British convenience store and famed consumer co-operative, Co-op, is poised to roll out its first dedicated online and mobile optimised grocery shop and home delivery service.
The new service at shop.coop.co.uk was soft launched on March 22, with customers in central London being the first to be able to shop for Co-op groceries online and have them home delivered in less than two hours.
Co-op's new online service and ecommerce operations run on Finnish tech company Digital Goodie's Connected Commerce platform, a software as a service (SaaS) product, designed to enable retailers to run and grow their businesses online and connect their stores to the digital world seamlessly.
Co-op has deployed Digital Goodie's Commerce and Fulfillment solutions including a personalised ecommerce website, a fulfillment solution enabling super-fast home deliveries and efficient connections to payment and logistics providers.
The new Co-op online shop and delivery service enables shoppers to order products at shop.coop.co.uk, and receive delivery within two hours at a convenient allocated time. The service is first available to shoppers within a four kilometre radius of a store on the King's Road in London, before being rolled out to a further eight London stores. Co-op's plan is to make online shopping available in a significant number of other UK towns and cities in the near future.
Chris Conway, Head of Food Digital at the Co-op, comments: "Our new online shop and delivery service is an essential part of our expanding digital services to our customers. In this project, we have been very excited to work together with a modern and agile technology company such as Digital Goodie. The newly launched service is a result of our fruitful cooperation and agile development."


text:
Het Preshoekbos is een natuur- en recreatiegebied in de West-Vlaamse gemeenten Kortrijk en Menen met hoofdingang aan de Aalbeeksesteenweg 49.

Dit gebied heeft als kern het gehucht Preshoek, gelegen tussen Aalbeke, Lauwe en Marke. Het gebied wordt doorsneden door de autowegen E17 en E403.

In dit gebied beheert het Agentschap voor Natuur en Bos sinds 2009 een 250-tal hectares, die reeds werden of worden bebost. Zowel ten oosten als ten westen van de E403 ligt het domein. Een viaduct verbindt beide stukken.

Flora en fauna
Het bos, op voormalige akkers en weilanden geplant, bestaat uit inheemse bomen en struiken. In het oosten van het domein, nabij de Keizerstraat in Marke, ligt een bloemrijke helling met onder meer aardaker en donderkruid. Tot de vlinders die in het domein worden aangetroffen behoren oranjetipje landkaartje, bruin blauwtje, icarusblauwtje, oranje luzernevlinder, bont zandoogje en sleedoornpage. Andere dieren zijn patrijs, haas, konijn, wezel, hermelijn en vos.

Cultuurhistorie
In het bos liggen enkele uit klei bestaande hoogten die ten behoeve van de baksteenindustrie werden gebruikt. Deze zijn of worden geïntegreerd in het gebied.

Het monument De Sjouwer, verwijzend naar de trekarbeid in Noord-Frankrijk, bevindt zich in dit gebied.

Recreatie
In het Preshoekbos zijn twee wandelroutes uitgezet. Verder zijn er twee speelzones en wordt het gebied aangedaan door fietsroutes en een terreinfietsroute.

Kortrijk
Menen
Natuurgebied in West-Vlaanderen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


's modular installations are designed to reduce installation duration, reduce project schedules and reduce cost overuns, require minimal concrete.
CRUSHERcone rock crusher for sale,Zenith is a rock crusherCrushing . Get More . jaw crusher indonesia alamat - 20 May 2014 crusher di Indonesia - 29 Sep.
M&E Indonesia (Sep 2018), Mining and Engineering Indonesia .
Sep 14, 2018 . 2018 edition of Mining and Engineering Indonesia will be held at JIEXPO . Jakarta at PT FEDERAL LOGISTIK SISTEM Jakarta, Indonesia. Connect . China Road Construction Machinery,Rock Crusher Machine Manufacturer.


text:
Nonlinear System
Adaptive Systems
Social Complexity
Systems Ecology
Systems Innovation
Token Economy
Game Theory Book
This book is an accompaniment to our game theory course which works as a gentle beginners guide to game theory and the dynamics of cooperation and competition. The ideas of competition and cooperation are of central interest to many in various areas of the social sciences and management. Likewise, a central question in the study of human evolution is why humans are so extraordinarily cooperative as compared with many other creatures. In most primate groups, competition is the norm, but humans form vast complex systems of cooperation. Humans live out their lives in societies and the outcomes to those social systems and our individual lives is largely a function of the nature of our interaction with others. A central question of interest across the social sciences, economics, and management is this question of how people interact with each other and the structures of cooperation and conflict that emerge out of these. Of course, social interaction is a very complex phenomenon, we see people form friendships, trading partners, romantic partnerships, business compete in markets, countries go to war, the list of types of interaction between actors is almost endless. For thousands of years, we have searched for the answers to why humans cooperate or enter into conflict by looking at the nature of the individuals themselves. But there is another way of posing this question, where we look at the structure of the system wherein agents interact, and ask how does the innate structure of that system create the emergent outcomes.
The study of these systems is called game theory. Game theory is the formal study of situations of interdependence between adaptive agents and the dynamics of cooperation and competition that emerge out of this. These agents may be individual people, groups, social organizations, but they may also be biological creatures, they may be technologies. The concepts of game theory provide a language to formulate, structure, analyze, and understand strategic interactions between agents of all kind. Since its advent during the mid 20th-century game theory has become a mainstream tool for researchers in many areas most notably, economics, management studies, psychology, political science, anthropology, computer science and biology. However, the limitations of classical game theory that developed during the mid 20th century are today well known. Thus, in this book, we will introduce you to the basics of classical game theory while making explicit the limitations of such models. We will build upon this basic understanding by then introducing you to new developments within the field such as evolutionary game theory and network game theory that try to expand this core framework.
In the first section, we will take an overview of game theory, we will introduce you to the models for representing games; the different elements involved in a game and the various factors that affect the nature and structure of a game being played. In the second section, we look at non-cooperative games. Here you will be introduced to the classical tools of game theory used for studying competitive strategic interaction based around the idea of Nash equilibrium. We will illustrate the dynamics of such interactions and various formal rules for solving non-cooperative games. In the third section, we turn our attention to the theme of cooperation. We start out with a general discourse on the nature of social cooperation before going on to explore these ideas within a number of popular models, such as the social dilemma, tragedy of the commons and public goods games; finally talking about ways for solving social dilemmas through enabling cooperative structures. The last section of the book deals with how games play out over time as we look at evolutionary game theory. Here we talk about how game theory has been generalized to whole populations of agents interacting over time through an evolutionary process, to create a constantly changing dynamic as structures of cooperation rise and fall. Finally, in this section we will talk about the new area of network game theory, that helps to model how games take place within some context that can be understood as a network of interdependencies.
This book is a gentle introduction to game theory and it should be accessible to all, it can be read as a standalone piece or used as an accompaniment to the course. Unlike a more traditional book in game theory, the aim of this book will not be on the formalities of classical game theory and solving for Nash equilibrium, but instead using this modeling framework as a tool for reasoning about the real world dynamics of cooperation and competition.
Publish Date: 6-24-2017
Category: Adaptive Systems
Aaron Soans2019-04-11T14:29:27+00:00
Financial Complexity Book
Financial Networks
Financial Agent-Based Modeling
Systems Academy is an eLearning platform for complex systems providing a wide variety of users with courses, information and reference material.


High school students 16 to 18 are invited to join the Regional Food Bank of Oklahoma's Hope Corps program in support of its mission of "Fighting Hunger…Feeding Hope."
Students seeking leadership experience, non-profit volunteer experience and a letter of recommendation for future jobs and higher education are welcome to apply. Hope Corps will engage the youth in activities that develop community awareness, leadership skills and connections in the nonprofit community that will become an intrinsic support system for their future.
With completion of this internship, Hope Corps members will gain invaluable knowledge. They will successfully be able to identify the difference between food insecurity and hunger, understand the Regional Food Bank's efforts to combat food insecurity, analyze and discuss the factors that lead to food insecurity and apply what they have learned to create a project to combat food insecurity in their community or at their school.
Hope Corps members commit to working a minimum of 10 hours prior to graduation and create a successful legacy project prior to graduation.
Click here to fill out the internship application.
For more information contact Sherri at 405.600.3134. or sglenn@rfbo.org.
Learning how to measure the impact of your work on the issue of hunger in Oklahoma.
Building and gaining skills in leaderships, customer service, networking and teamwork.


Quick charge. The power hits your phone battery fast, so there's no waiting around. And you'll always know what's left in your charger's tank with at-a-glance LED energy indicators.
Get connected. Recharge any micro-USB device and then refill the battery using a USB power supply.
Always ready for a charge. Pull the cable out to charge. Push it back in to power off. With this handy portable charger, you're always ready for a quick battery top-up.


I've been adopted to a dedicated couple of volunteers! I'm so happy!
Hello, I'm Roberta Flack, I'm Cyndi Lopear's sister. I have also been named after a famous singer and song writer. However, love songs are more my thing. So come and meet me, and we'll write each other love songs and perform them together!


text:
Are Conn Trumpets Any Good? (An Honest Review)
Buying Advice / By Robert Davis
When looking for a new trumpet, it can be overwhelming to see all of the different brands on the market. Conn is one of the oldest trumpet manufacturers, but are their instruments worth buying?
Here is a complete overview of Conn trumpets to see if they are high-quality instruments:
Here's an idea of the Quality of Conn Trumpets:
Conn-Selmer instruments are frequently praised for their dedication to quality. The Prelude TR711 and the Conn52BSP CONNstellation series are two of their trumpet models which are easy to play and responsive, with great tone.
A Brief History of Conn Trumpets:
How Hard or Easy Are Conn Trumpets To Play?
What Genres Are They Good For?
How Long Do Conn Trumpets Last?
What Do the Reviews Say?
Woodwind and Brasswind Reviews:
Amazon Reviews:
Musician's Friend Reviews:
How Well Do Conn Trumpets Hold Their Value?
How Long is the Warranty on Conn Trumpets?
What Gear Do You Get With a Conn Trumpet?
In 1873, Charles Gerard Conn created his first brass mouthpiece.
After a few short years, he began making and selling his brass instruments, leading to the largest American manufacturer of musical instruments today, Conn-Selmer.
Although very few instruments are still being made under the original name Conn, their merge with the H&A Selmer Company allowed many brands to come together under one name. Conn-Selmer currently manufactures instruments from Armstrong, Bach Brass, C.G. Conn, King, and many more.
Trumpets with the Conn name are still well-known for their quality. Models like the Prelude TR711 and the Conn 52BSP CONNstellation are familiar favorites among trumpet players of all ages.
The Conn 52BSP costs around $1,800. It is an expensive trumpet because of its professional features and its status as an intermediate model.
However, the Prelude TR711 is a much cheaper trumpet. On Woodwind and Brasswind, this costs around $430 to buy new.
Conn trumpets are notorious for being easy to play.
The Prelude TR711 specifically was created for beginners. New students on the trumpet will find that they can easily create a nice, warm tone.
The response time is also very quick, benefitting beginners in their learning process.
The Conn 52BSP Connstellation series is known for being fun to play and responsive. It has a dark, focused sound with clear overtones. Any player can have a consistently great tone on this trumpet.
However, the Conn52BSP will have more resistance than the Prelude. Some reviewers mention that it could be more free-blowing. It was created as a professional instrument for intermediate players, requiring more skill and experience than a beginner trumpet.
Conn manufactures instruments that are ideal for all genres and performance levels.
Their Prelude TR711 is a solid beginner trumpet with a warm sound that easily blends into ensembles. Many beginner trumpet players have found that their quick response, great tone, and quality construction allow them to succeed in concert and solo settings.
The Conn 52BSP CONNstellation series is a professional-level instrument that is marketed toward intermediate players. It is one of the most versatile trumpets that an intermediate player can buy.
It was constructed with many professional features that allow younger players to have a controlled, brilliant sound. This is perfect for learning music in intermediate concert bands, jazz bands, and even marching bands.
With a Conn 52BSP, trumpet players find that they can play any music. By changing to a different mouthpiece to achieve a new style, a student can effectively use this horn to benefit their musical learning.
There are some drawbacks to buying a new Conn trumpet.
Some reviewers have mentioned that the quality of their valve system has decreased over the years. This may lead to the trumpets lasting for a shorter time.
After checking the reviews on three different online retailers, here's what they had to say:
Check The Current Prices Here!
On Woodwind and Brasswind, a frequently used website to buy instruments, the Prelude by Conn Selmer TR711 student trumpet has very positive reviews.
No reviews were below 4 stars on the site. The majority of players left a five-star review.
One of the researchers' common benefits is that the Prelude by Conn Selmer is a great instrument for beginners. It is inexpensive but still has a high-quality construction and sound.
The lowest rating was a four-star review. This buyer claimed that the trumpet's case is not big enough to fit a cleaning kit or mutes. There is only enough space for the trumpet, mouthpiece, and valve oil.
For beginners, this shouldn't be a problem. Because this trumpet was designed for beginner students, having a smaller case is not a big issue.
Overall, reviewers loved this instrument. Although the price tag is low, the Prelude by Conn-Selmer is a great instrument.
The Prelude TR711 has many good reviews on Amazon.
Out of all its ratings, this trumpet has an average of 3.8 stars out of 5.
46% of reviewers left a five-star rating. These buyers mentioned that this trumpet has great value for its price. For an entry-level player, you can't get a much better instrument with the same cost.
One trumpet player claimed they bought other beginner trumpets by Mendini and Eastrock, but neither compared to the Prelude.
Some positive reviews mention that the Prelude has valves and slides that function very well. The lacquer has a nice shine, and the trumpet produces a good tone.
It's important to note that there were some negative reviews as well. Some trumpet players claim that this Prelude needed a lot of frequent polishing and repairs. For certain people, the valves tended to stick or click over time.
On Musician's Friend, there was a mix of positive and negative reviews.
The average star review was about 3.6 out of 5 stars. 71% found that they would recommend the Prelude to a friend.
The Prelude received a few positive comments, with reviewers saying it was easy to produce a sound, fun to play, and responsive. The tone was described as consistent and vibrant.
A few negative comments mentioned valves that are slow to respond. Certain models had blemishes and discoloration in the finish.
You can regularly find vintage Conn trumpets for sale on sites like eBay.
Because Charles Gerard Conn started making brass instruments in 1879, Conn trumpets have been on the market for a long time and hold their value well.
The Conn 22B was produced in 1955 and is respected within the trumpet community. Players regularly purchase this vintage horn today because of its long-lasting high quality.
These vintage trumpets may have some dents or dings from years of use, but these are great horns as long as there isn't significant damage.
Even though a Conn 22B has been played for years, it still retains a warm, rich tone that is distinctive. When it comes to vintage horns, this model is a great choice that won't break the bank.
To hear a review of a Conn 22B, check out this video:
Buying a pre-owned instrument does come with some risks.
You may not notice serious mechanical issues as you cannot play on a used trumpet before you buy it.
Vintage Conn trumpets have been played for many years, so that they will come with wear and tear. It's important to inspect the seller's pictures for any noticeable damage and message them with any questions.
Conn Selmer is an instrument manufacturer that oversees many different instrument brands. Within Conn Selmer, there is a variety of different brands with their warranties.
Under Conn Selmer, C.G. Conn instruments have a warranty of five years. This is the same amount of time as Armstrong, Selmer USA, Vincent Bach, and King, which all fall under the Conn Selmer brand.
For Prelude instruments, the warranty only lasts for one year.
Within this warranty, Conn Selmer guarantees that its instruments are free from defects, both in material and workmanship. This does not include any natural wear and tear that comes from consistent playing.
Conn trumpets come with a Bach 7C mouthpiece and a nylon zippered case.
When buying a vintage Conn trumpet, you may receive the trumpet and a hard case.
Conn is an instrument brand that has existed for many years.
Although it has merged with other brands to become Conn-Selmer, it still produces many high-quality instruments.
Two trumpets still retain the Conn name, the Prelude TR711 and the Conn52BSP CONNstellation series.
Although these are ideal for different performance levels, they each effectively produce a consistent, warm sound that suits many styles of music.
C. G. Conn


Use our interactive map to locate hotels, restaurants and places of interest. Click on logo & red dot for more info.
a female prison until 1880 and later as a warehouse. Now displays relics of Grenadian culture, artefacts and history from Pre-Amerindian to present.
Grenada's embattled past stands proudly at the entrance on Grand Etang Road to protect the city's harbour. Now home to police headquarters. The revolutionary leader and prime minister, Maurice Bishop and some of his cabinet were executed in 1983 here.
The best way to see St. George's, Grenada capital is on foot. And there is no better place to start than the Market Square. This popular market is in the heart of Grenada's commercial centre. The market square were once used as a place for public executions, trading slaves, political speeches today farmers and spice vendors sell their produce in abundance to locals and visitors. In the market you won't find more tropical fruits and vegetables any where else. Examine all the different herbs and spices grown on the island.
St. George's, the Carenage has one of the most beautiful harbours in the Caribbean, a perfect horseshoe shape, gives the visitor their first sight of paradise. Some of the street names originated from the colonial administrators ruling at the time. Gore Street refers to Lieutenant-General Gore and Governor General Robert Melville (Melville Street). The Marquis of Granby, (Granby Street) John Manners, was a famous and popular English General who distinguished himself during the Seven Years War in Germany. He retired from the army after the Treaty of Paris in 1763 just when Grenada passed into British hands for the first time and the street was named in his honour.
Sendall Tunnel named after Governor Walter J Sendall in 1889. The tunnel was constructed to connect the Market square.
Grenada's National Museum on Young Street is situated at the corner of Young and Monckton Streets. Built in 1704 by the French, is one of the oldest structures in the town of St. George and some of the walls formed part of an army barracks. Later in the century, the British used it as a prison until the Richmond Hill prison was built. The Museum houses artifacts from Carib times up to present and a rich collection of Grenada's history.
Christ of The Deep Monument, the Italian Cruise liner, "Bianca 'C', accidentally caught fire and sank in the St. George's harbour in 1961. A statue entitled " Christ of the Deep" stands prominently on the harbour commemorating the courage of the Grenadian people who saved the lives of the passengers on board the vessel.
Above the market in Church Street stands the Roman Catholic Cathedral, dating back to 1884. On the opposite side is Parliament Building together with the Supreme Court. Lower down on your left is the Anglican Church (1825) and on the other side of Church Street, on Grand Etang Road is the Presbyterian Church. Many historical buildings were damaged during the passage of Hurricane Ivan on September 7th 2004. Marryshow House the residence of Theophilus Albert Marryshow (1885-1958) who is remembered as a campaigner for West Indian Federation and self government from Great Britain. Fort George, Grenada's oldest fort was established by the French in 1705 and is the centerpiece of the St George's skyline.You can explore the dank tunnels and climb to the top to see the cannons and bird's-eye views.
A plaque in the parade ground marks the spot where revolutionary leader Maurice Bishop was executed, which led to the US invasion in 1983.
Voted the prettiest harbour in the Caribbean. Take a relaxing stroll along the waterfront and view yachts and fishing boats.


text:
package swissbomber;

public class AIController implements Controller {

	@Override
	public void step(long deltaTime) {
		// TODO: Add AI
	}

}


text:
WHO and UNICEF Respond to Raila's Allegations that Tetanus Vaccine Makes Women Sterile
By Diaspora Messenger On Sep 12, 2017 2
The World Health Organization and UNICEF, have issued a statement in response to Raila's allegations that the tetanus vaccine in Kenya has a sterility hormone.
In a press conference yesterday, the National Super Alliance (NASA) leader accused the government of deliberately sterilizing thousands of women and girls between 14 and 49 years old using the vaccine.
Raila, who was addressing the press from Capitol Hill, said laboratory tests from various hospitals showed the vaccine had traces of a hormone that would render the recipients infertile.
"The Catholic Church was right. Hundreds of our girls aged between 14 and 49 years old will not have children because of the state sponsored sterilization project that was sold to the state as tetanus vaccination," said Raila.
He said this conviction was arrived at after assessing analysis from Agri Q Quest, Nairobi Hospital, University of Nairobi and Lancet Kenya, and "the results indicate that the vaccine had a high content of Better human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG) that causes sterility in women."
He described the vaccination a 'human rights abuse' and asked the government to publish a full list those who were involved in the process.
But WHO and UNICEF, through their Kenyan representatives, have said in a statement: "These grave allegations are not backed up by evidence, and risk negatively impacting national immunization programmes for children and women."
"WHO and UNICEF confirm that the vaccines are safe and are procured from a pre-qualified manufacturer. This safety is assured through a three-pronged global testing system and the vaccine has reached more than 130 million women with at least two doses of TT vaccines in 52 countries," reads the statement in part.
Read the full statement below.
Statement from WHO and UNICEF on the Tetanus Vaccine in Kenya
13-year-old Kenyan girl appointed ambassador by UNICEF
World Suicide Prevention Day: Five factors that contribute…
Uhuru appointed Unicef's global champion for youth…
WHO revokes appointment of Mugabe as goodwill ambassador
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) express their deep concern about the misinformation circulating in the media on the quality of the Tetanus Toxoid (TT) Vaccine in Kenya.
The allegations are that the tetanus vaccine used by the Government of Kenya and UN agencies is contaminated with a hormone (hCG) that can cause miscarriages and render some women sterile. These grave allegations are not backed up by evidence, and risk negatively impacting national immunization programmes for children and women.
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by the placenta, during pregnancy. hCG is also produced in the pituitary glands of males and females of all ages. However, very high levels pose risks to pregnancy.
We have taken note of test results claiming to show levels of hCG in samples submitted to some clinical laboratories. However it is important to note that testing for the content of a medicine, e.g TT Vaccine needs to be done in a suitable laboratory, and from a sample of the actual medicine/vaccine obtained from an unopened pack and not a blood sample. Furthermore the Pharmacy and Poisons Board – the legally mandated National Regulatory Authority has the capacity and mandate to determine the quality, safety and efficacy of medicines and to advise the Government accordingly.
WHO and UNICEF confirm that the vaccines are safe and are procured from a pre-qualified manufacturer. This safety is assured through a three-pronged global testing system and the vaccine has reached more than 130 million women with at least two doses of TT vaccines in 52 countries.
Given most tetanus cases in Kenya are among newborns, the target group of Kenya's TT vaccination campaigns is girls and women (15-49 years), with a particular emphasis on those in the most marginalized areas. We note with concern that Kenya is one of the 25 countries where tetanus is still a public health problem, killing hundreds of newborns every year.WHO and UNICEF reiterate our readiness to support the Government of Kenya in its efforts to provide safe and quality assured vaccines for the immunization programmes.
Dr. Custodia Mandlhate
WHO Representative Kenya
Dr. Pirkko Heinonen
Acting Representative
UNICEF Kenya
For more information kindly contact:
Edita Nsubuga
Chief of Communication, UNICEF Kenya
Tel: +254 (20) 762 2977
-nairobiwire.com
Security agents destroy three Shabaab camps in Boni Forest
Nairobi County to Deploy Sh8 Million Drones to Monitor Payment of Parking Fees
Marende, Otuoma to vie for ODM chairmanship
VIDEO: Uhuru's State of the Nation speech in full
Magufuli Takes His Wife to Public Hospital,Shames Kenyan leaders
Two Wiper leaders clashed in public over State house visit
Uhuru denies snubbing Ruto invites,says focus was on Garissa attack
Today Diaspora Messenger is 6 years old
VIDEO: Raila Odinga will be the next president of Kenya- Mutahi Ngunyi
Photos: First Lady Margaret Hanging Out with Hillary Clinton and Daughter Chelsea
Photo:Eric Omondi Tracks Down Lupita and Takes This Perfect Photo
Political analyst Prof Mutahi Ngunyi House goes up in flames
Let's Go Green as We Say No to Global Warming
VIDEO: Top Prominent Kenyan Leaders Who Died In 2020
I will accept outcome of the referendum, Raila
Ezekiel Mutua blasts Pastor James Ng'anga for bad conduct
Polygamists, widowers,older women in Central region and Nyanza are drivers of new HIV…
PHOTOS: Thousands turn up in Nakuru for Madaraka fete
PHOTOS: Actors, fans mourn Mzee Ojwang as burial procession kicks off in Nairobi
Keroche denies political partisanship as sales decline
DMV says 4 years ago
They responded too quickly without offering to do jointly verifiable tests of unopened vials of the vaccine. Also, the manufacturers have been named for transparency of operations so that manufacturers are not involved in the testing process except as observers? Also, if it is a state-run program, it should not be the country representatives who responded but the international representatives and those representatives should at least offer to test the vaccines in jointly operated tests with non-state-payroll medical observers from outside of Kenya and are not involved in Kenyan politics. This is important so that this can be verified empirically without the accusation from opposition that these vials were tainted with birth-control/sterilization drugs. Even though, most probably, the vaccines are not tainted, this needs to be solved to the satisfaction of the people or they will have reluctance to get these vaccines and these are important vaccines for their safety. Tetanus is a deadly and horrible disease and women and girls should not remain vulnerable to getting tetanus because of a scare if it is not true; but this must be proven to their satisfaction so they will willingly get these extremely necessary vaccines. It is a matter of life and death in some cases since tetanus can kill.
One way or the other, women and girls need tetanus vaccines. Perhaps look to a manufacturer who has a reputation to uphold instead of unnamed manufacturers.


text:
Tag: papadum
— 2 Comments
Laxmi's Indian Grille
Berks County has been going through a restaurant boom for well over a year now. It seems like new restaurants have been popping up constantly in recent months.
And nowhere is that more evident than Wyomissing. For a while it felt like I was reporting weekly on a new restaurant coming to or opening in the Reading suburb.
Among those restaurants are a Philly-area sports bar, an Irish pub, a retro hamburger chain and two barbecue restaurants. But to me, the most intriguing of all of the new openings had to be Laxmi's Indian Grille.
The State Hill Road location is the third for the Philadelphia-based operation. The first location in Manyunk led to a second in East Falls in 2013. Now, the micro chain has expanded west, all the way to Berks County.
Laxmi's opened in January in a State Hill Rd strip mall that also included Mama's Original Pizza and Alebrije Mexican Restaurant (which has since moved).
A surprisingly large number of seats are squeezed inside the restaurant. Booths line the outside with four-person tables running through the middle.
The tables are all pre-set with plates for appetizers and cloth napkins. Three chutney sauces are set in in the middle of the table waiting for the complimentary basket of papadum, a wafer-thin dish that is similar to a tortilla, but crispier.
It was light and airy, but did well to soak up the flavors of the chutney. Chutney is a very general term for a lot of different condiments, and the three on the table could not have been more different.
The first was a dark, reddish-brown sauce that was very runny. It was similar to a chili sauce, but thinner and with a little bit of fruity flavor to it. The second was the green chutney, which was close to a green taco sauce but the spice was more tolerable. The third, my favorite of the three, was tomato based and closer to salsa, but with bits of carrots. It was more sweet than spicy and the chunky texture was great for the papadum.
Laxmi's menu is not very big, but it is diverse in its offerings. There are nine curry dishes, all of which can be served with vegetables, paneer (a type of south Asian cheese), chicken, lamb or seafood. There are also several tandoor-prepared items including kababs and tandoori chicken.
All of the items sounded delicious, but I finally decided on one of the curries: chicken jalfrezi.
Jalfrezi looks very similar to the more well-known tikka masala, but the two are very different dishes. Despite its red color, jalfrezi is onion-based. Green peppers, ginger and garlic are also listed as ingredients in the menu description.
The dish was very flavorful. The onions were easy to pick up, but more for the sweetness they added than for any potency. I dumped every last drop that I could onto my plate, dousing my pile of rice in the sweet red sauce.
Back in April, when I took a road trip to Saffron in Ambler, I thoroughly enjoyed their korma. I guess it sounded good to Julie because at Laxmi's, she ordered the chicken korma.
The two versions of the cashew-based dish were very similar. Both were creamy with a nice nutty flavor. The spices were a little stronger with Laxmi's dish, making just that much better than what I tried a month ago.
Along with our main dishes, we ordered a side of naan. While Laxmi's offered eight versions of the bread, but we went with the plain version.
It was anything but plain. It was soft and buttery, like pillowy pitas. They were perfect for soaking up the last of the jalfrezi on my plate.
Our total for the visit was just over $30, but we were probably closer to the low end of the price range (some of the tandoori entrees are in the $20-$25 range). Still, the food packs flavor that is well-worth the price.
Laxmi's Indian Grille is one of many restaurant chains that have expanded into Berks County, but it may be among the best. If all of the new restaurants are of the quality of Laxmi's, there's going to be a lot of happy customers to go with them.
BCE Rating
Food: Very Good
Service: Very Good
Ambiance: Excellent
Price: Reasonable
1806 State Hill Rd
Indian Lunch & Dinner Reviews


text:
Ayodhya Verdict: Indian Muslims will always be second-class citizens
by Shakir Lakhani
The so-called "historic" verdict by the judges of the Allahabad High Court in India has been welcomed by rabid Hindu fanatics because they now feel they can go ahead and demolish all the remaining mosques in India. Instead of recognizing that Muslims were the owners of the land on which the Babri Masjid had stood for over 500 years, the judges (fearing a violent Hindu reaction) divided the property equally among the three claimants (two of which were Hindu organizations).
Now any Hindu can claim that any property owned by a Muslim has been built on sacred ground (probably where one of those thousands of Hindu gods was born or had defecated there). The poor Muslim will then have no choice but to hand his property over to the Hindu fanatic, and very soon most of India's Muslims will be forced to convert to Hinduism.
The entire Muslim world should recognize this threat to Indian Muslims and demand that India do everything it can to protect them.
More on Chowrangi ..
Outrage in India after Shah Rukh Khan Detention at U.S Airport
Ten Players To Watch In ICC Cricket World Cup 2015
Most Indian Muslims can't open bank accounts!
India-Pakistan Friendship
India preparing to win next football World Cup
NewDelhi-Metallo-1 (NDM-1)- India's latest gift to the world!
Permanent Membership for Permanent Nuisance
Categories Current Affairs, WorldTags Allahabad, Ayodhya, Babri Masjid, India	Post navigation
Dr. Imran Farooq Murder Conspiracy: By a MQM Supporter
Harassment and Gender Bias in Pakistan
20 thoughts on "Ayodhya Verdict: Indian Muslims will always be second-class citizens"
Hend: the Kaaba had been used as a place of worship ever since Abraham built it (I think about 4,000 years ago). It was being used by pre-Islamic Arabs for a long time until Islam was revealed. It was never taken by force from the infidels, they all converted to Islam within a short time (and not by force, although initially there were some wars between the two groups, who were closely related to each other).
Welcome back, Hend. I was wondering why you'd disappeared. I even thought Yusha's black magic finally worked on you.
For your info, the Mughals were not the kind of people who would destroy places of worship (neither, for that matter, did any of the early Muslims). But of course it's impossible to convince a bigot like you, although even Westerners agree that both Jews and Christians were treated well by Muslims during the Arab and Ottoman rule in Europe. The only Mughal who was deeply religious was Aurangzeb, but he too did not demolish any temples.
Again, if the Muslim claim was time-barred, why did the present verdict give them one third of the disputed property?
Finally, Indians now have no need of courts: whenever there is a property dispute, they can simply divide the property equally among the claimants, saving a lot of time and money (read my letter in The Hindu of October 3).
bodfod
nitin – "I would like to ask you, how would you feel if1/3rd part of Mecca was given Jews or Hindus?"
for your information,
firstly the Qaaba at mecca already belonged to a middle eastern religion and was taken by force.
secondly, hindus cannot accept qaaba as it belongs to another religion
refer to the disputes of temple mount and dome of the rock and count less churches and temples. my own analysis is when islam came to existence, already all significant symbols or faiths and important places belonged to other religions. for the lack of having its own places and symbols, islam began to take over places of other religions and once that was done, many times, communities attached to the place also accepted conversions. this is the reason that top 3 religious places of jews and hindus were vandalised and usurped by muslims. nothing personal yaar.
I will answer you guys one by one.
Mahdi – remember me? Hend? I respond to Lakhoo's writings just to rub salt in his partition wounds…nothing khaas yaar!
Nitin – I will reply to you in a separate post as them oderators will reject this one and waste my time.
IMO – BS, the excavated site was witnessed by memebers of both litigating parties and onfirmed the findings of a 'massive temple strcuture' right below the mosque. Period. Go fool someone else…may be Lakhoo miyan.
Lakhoo – "statue of limitations", I knw finally your defence will come to this because you cannot deny the ASI evidence. NO PROBLEM, because I will answer your question. The statue of limitations apply to those disputes which take place when such a constitutional law is IN existence. So to start with your argument is flawed. Secondly, the mosque was disputed by Hindus immediately upon building and there are reports of RIOTS at those times, well documented. There is a record of a petition being filed with the Delhi salatanat. So your argument is already out of the window. Thirdly, Nirmohi Akhada once again filed a petition 1880 with the British government thus establishing a trail of applications for the same dispute. FINALLY (already too much naa?)…in 1949 when government locked the mosque…MUSLIMS failed to file an appeal within 6 years and thus their claim of possession on the mosque itself was TIME BARRED. This is exactly how HC dismissed the petition of the Sunni WAKF board, Barred by limitation because the mosque was never in the possession of Muslims since 1949.
By your argument if Hindus take over all the mosques that will also be fair because you seem to think its ok to simply forcibly do these things…as i once said…every action has a counter action..the stae of subcontinent is a consequence…look inside you then talk….else will end up like yusha or LtGen
Remember me? Hend? Risk an argument? no? ok!
@bodfod, zorawer SINGH and Nitin
It seems to me that the 3 of you have recently started reading blogs on Chowrangi. I say that because you actually cared to comment on (the great) Shakir Lakhani's Blog. Do me a favour…click on the author's name under the title of the blog and view all the previous articles by this great man (seriously…do it). You will realise that he has an uncanny knack of writing irrational venow-spewing blogs on anything and everything under the sun closely related (or not) to India.
Born in India (just before the partition…is that right Shakir bhai) and then migrated to Pakistan, this legend of 'I hate India' blogs has spent more than 60 years of his life convincing himself and others that anything that India or Indians do (or do not) or anything that happens (or not) in India is wrong in some way or the other or at least can be mocked upon.
Of course, we have our share of such legends on this side of the border too. These are the people who even in their grave or on the funeral pyre would still be hoping that the other country would burn down to ashes.
An earnest suggestion for the 3 of you…get a dog (if you don't have one already) and spend your time and efforts teaching it to use the toilet seat. Cheers!
bodfod : if you're a highly-educated Hindu (which I doubt), you would have known that there is such a thing as "statue of limitations". This means that in case of a property dispute, if no claim is lodged within a certain period (usually 5 to 10 years), the person holding the land is the owner. In the case of the Babri Masjid, the property had been in posession of Muslims since 1528 (for 472 years). Even if it had been built on the ruins of a temple, it should not have been demolished. The BJP, with its rabid anti-Muslim bias, destroyed the mosque to gain popularity among Hindus. The Allahabad High Court verdict will encourage Hindus like you to demolish all existing mosques and churches in India. By the way, Indian judiciary has lost its self-respect (after this verdct), which can be restored only if India's Supreme Court reverses the judgement.
@Imo: This is just simply BS.Forget about the ancient time even now as yo read this there is an idol of Rama over there, go have a look your self.Secondly there were Muslim judges too who have sanctioned this verdict.
Shakir lakhani is just jealous that like Pakistan there was no violence in India, as he expected it would be after the verdict.
I would like to ask you, how would you feel if1/3rd part of Mecca was given Jews or Hindus?
But Hindus are more tolerant, they tolerated that mosque for centuries, and are still ready to share that 1/3rd part with Muslims.
Secondly if we would consider Muslims as Second class, there there would be no Muslim president, actors,cricketers and CEOs in India.
The richest Muslim in the word is Indian, we give then equal place for talent and they, unlike Pakistan where we have never heard a Hindu name , in politics nor in any other filed , So do a fact check before you post BS and .ake your self look like a fool in front of ur own countries citizens, mr Lakhani.
Hope you would take this suggestion seriously if you really care bout your dignity.
zorawer SINGH
I like ask this IMO, TEL ME NAME OF YOUR ASI FRIEND YOU HAVE
. I WILL GIVE YOU ANSWER ?. DONT FOOL AROUND UNDERSTAND.
YOU KNOW HOW ASI FUNCTION IN INDIA. I WILL TELL YOU ?
@bodfod
The ASI did not find any temple underneath the Babri mosque. One of my friend's dad works with the ASI and he is a hindu if you want to know that, told me that his dad told that there was nothing special in Ayodhaya at the time of Babar, it was just a regular village. Only after the construction of the mosque the hindus started the claim for that site.
May be the SC can throw some light in this. Even if the whole land is declared to be Muslim's. I will be gald to give the hindus their share as they hold that land so dearly.
Justice has prevailed. Archeological evidences of a demolished ancient temple underneath the mosque proved that the disputed structure or 'mosque' was illegal. This was of course supported by ancient documents that the land was a place used for worshipping by Hindus much before the disputed structure was built.
I am not sure why this decision causes problems to you as the Hindus are the ones being wronged by having to surrender 1/3 of the land for a new mosque.
This issue once again brings to the fore how Islam was built by demolishing other people's faiths. Examples are plenty from Temple Mount, Dome of the Rock to Indonesia. I am sure the Muslims of India are mature and magnanimous enough to recognize the Hindu claims over their important places of worship.
Your opinion does not really count as you are in Pakistan and a nobody but please feel free to be extremely angry and frustrated…please…you are welcome.


U.S. Attorney General William Barr's decision to resolve whether Trump committed obstruction of justice amid the Mueller probe set off a firestorm of debate among legal scholars and practitioners. Here's a snapshot of what lawyers are saying.
President Donald Trump and his supporters boasted Sunday of a "total and complete exoneration" by the special counsel investigating Russia's ties to his 2016 presidential campaign, but that wasn't entirely the case—at least when it comes to whether the president tried to obstruct the special counsel's investigation.
U.S. Attorney General William Barr, consulting with Rod Rosenstein, his deputy, determined there was insufficient evidence to show the president obstructed justice during special counsel Robert Mueller's 22-month-long probe. Mueller laid out the arguments for both sides—in a word, "punting," as many commentators called it. Mueller did not find evidence supporting a conspiracy between the Trump campaign and Russians to meddle in the election.
Lawyers following the investigation said the lack of a decisive answer from Mueller on whether the president obstructed justice indicates the special counsel's team perhaps was divided. Or that Mueller recognized the futility of such a conclusion either way, considering that Justice Department policy recommends against charging a sitting president.
"Our determination was made without regard to, and is not based on, the constitutional considerations that surround the indictment and criminal prosecution of a sitting president," Barr wrote.
Practitioners and legal scholars took the airwaves Sunday and Monday and wrote online, about whether and how Barr's decision on Trump and obstruction was the right call. Meanwhile, U.S. House Democrats are preparing to push for the full Mueller report—to see what the special counsel himself had to say about the evidence for and against the president.
Nate Robson is a Washington-based editor who co-heads the litigation desk for ALM Media. Contact him at nrobson@alm.com. On Twitter: @Nate_Robson1.


Increased exposure to salty air and higher wind speeds makes choosing quality window and door hardware vital – and the new range from Stonebridge has now been certified as one of the best forged steel products available.
As an island nation, nowhere in the UK is more than 70 miles away from the sea and it's estimated that around three million people live on the coast. Rust and atmospheric pitting is a common problem for homeowners who live in coastal areas due to the high concentration of sodium chloride in the air.
But these problems aren't exclusive to the seaside. People living in industrial areas can also experience difficulties due to the corrosive effect of airborne pollutants as a result of certain manufacturing processes.
Stonebridge's Armor-Coat® range has been successfully tested to BS EN 1670:2007 Grade 5, the highest possible standard. The test required products to be exposed to a neutral salt spray under controlled laboratory conditions for 480 hours and the results showed exceptionally high corrosion resistance.
"We've designed this new range to give consumers a stylish choice of hardware that they can be confident will last for a very long time," says Ian Smith, Design & Brand Manager at DJH Group, owners of the Stonebridge brand.
As well as providing exceptional protection from corrosion, the Armor-Coat® system also incorporates UV protection for fade resistance.
The new range of architectural hardware from Stonebridge combines traditional designs with a contemporary twist. Available in black and satin steel, it's manufactured to the highest possible quality and features exquisite fine detailing.
For more information on Stonebridge go to www.stonebridgeforge.com.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

using ProGaudi.MsgPack.Light;

using ProGaudi.Tarantool.Client.Model;
using ProGaudi.Tarantool.Client.Model.Enums;
using ProGaudi.Tarantool.Client.Utils;

namespace ProGaudi.Tarantool.Client.Converters
{
    internal class IndexConverter : IMsgPackConverter<Index>
    {
        private IMsgPackConverter<uint> _uintConverter;
        private IMsgPackConverter<string> _stringConverter;
        private IMsgPackConverter<IndexType> _indexTypeConverter;
        private IMsgPackConverter<IndexCreationOptions> _optionsConverter;
        private IMsgPackConverter<List<IndexPart>> _indexPartsConverter;

        public void Initialize(MsgPackContext context)
        {
            _uintConverter = context.GetConverter<uint>();
            _stringConverter = context.GetConverter<string>();
            _indexTypeConverter = context.GetConverter<IndexType>();
            _optionsConverter = context.GetConverter<IndexCreationOptions>();
            _indexPartsConverter = context.GetConverter<List<IndexPart>>();
        }

        public void Write(Index value, IMsgPackWriter writer)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public Index Read(IMsgPackReader reader)
        {
            var length = reader.ReadArrayLength();

            if (length != 6u)
            {
                throw ExceptionHelper.InvalidArrayLength(6u, length);
            }

            var spaceId = _uintConverter.Read(reader);
            var id= _uintConverter.Read(reader);
            var name = _stringConverter.Read(reader);
            var type = _indexTypeConverter.Read(reader);
            var options = _optionsConverter.Read(reader);
            var indexParts = _indexPartsConverter.Read(reader);

            return new Index(id, spaceId, name, options.Unique, type, indexParts.AsReadOnly());
        }
    }
}


text:
Home Nigeria Gas, Power Operators Decry State of Nigeria's Electricity Industry
Gas, Power Operators Decry State of Nigeria's Electricity Industry
Ejiofor Alike
Operators in the Nigerian power and gas sectors have decried the poor state of the country's power sector, saying that nearly four years after the power assets were handed over to the private sector, both the government and the private sector have failed to deliver on their post-privatisation commitments as a result of liquidity challenges.
Speaking thursday in Lagos at the Business Forum organised by the Nigerian Gas Association (NGA), the operators argued that $3.9 billion proceeds realised from the sale of the power assets was misapplied to pay off the workers of the defunct Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), instead of applying the fund to boost the transmission infrastructure for which it was meant, according to the terms of the power reform.
In his speech, while moderating the debate by the operators, the Chairman of Independent Petroleum Producers Group and Chief Executive Officer of First E & P, Mr. Ademola Adeyemi-Bero, said the federal government should have considered the fact that the private investors would require seven times the money they paid for the assets to upgrade the assets after take-over, before asking the investors to pay such high price to buy the power assets.
Also speaking, a Director of Eko Electricity Distribution Company and Principal Partner, George Etomi and Partners, Mr. George Etomi, said the privatisation agreement had set clear Key Performance Indicators (KPI) for the owners of the distribution companies but argued that the federal government did not fulfill its part of the agreement.
According to him, the government was supposed to provide N100 billion subsidy, ensure sanctity of contracts and also ensure that the investors inherited clean balance sheets, free from liabilities.
Etomi also added that the federal government was supposed to give the investors six months shadow management of the power assets to enable them study the assets, stressing that government did not fulfill any of these obligations as a result of the pressure by the labour unions.
He said the sector was facing liquidity challenges because of government's failure to meet its obligations as contained in the privatisation agreement, adding that even the $3.9 billion realised from the sale of the assets was used to pay the labour instead of deploying it to upgrade transmission as planned.
In his keynote address, a former Minister of Power and Chairman of Geometric Power, Prof. Bart Nnaji, argued that tariffs must reflect currency movement, stressing that Nigeria is at the bottom in terms of power generation in Africa.
In his presentation, the new Managing Director of NIPCO Plc, Mr. Sanjay Teotia, argued that natural gas is the preferred fuel for vehicles, stressing that the technology of natural gas vehicles is available and most competitive.
A former Group Executive Director (GED) in charge of Gas and Power at the NNPC, Dr. David Ige, said the power sector faced tactical and non-tactical challenges and identified the delay in the completion of the Escravos – Lagos Expansion and the Bonga Divert, which was initiated in 2014 to supply 120 million standard cubic feet of gas per day (equivalent of 650MW), as some of the tactical challenges.
In his welcome address, the President of NGA and Chief Executive Officer of Frontier Oil Limited, Mr. Dada Thomas, stated: "Nigeria is not without its challenges at present but I believe we are capable of finding solutions."
Previous articleNigerian Navy Redeploy 21 Rear Admirals
Next articleMilitary Equipment to Fight Boko Haram Held up at Tin Can Port
ACCI Commends Moves to Harmonise Taxes within FCT
It's Criminal Offence to Build Poor Quality Projects, Says Ikpeazu
NCDC: We Received over 580,000 Phone Calls in Nine Months
LG Chairmen Pass Vote of Confidence on Kwara APC Chairman


Around 1% of heavy elements cannot be produced by neutron-capture reactions, these are so-called p-nuclei and reside on the proton-rich side of β-stability. Most of these isotopes are thought to be produced in the supernovae environment following a series of photo-neutron disintegration reactions. However, certain isotopes are found with anomalously high abundances (~ 2 orders of magnitude) and an alternate process involving a neutrino driven wind, following core collapse, have been suggested. Experiments to study key hydrogen and helium burning reactions with unstable proton-rich isotopes, are being conducted at the new HIE-ISOLDE radioactive beams facility, CERN, and on the new CRYRING heavy ion storage ring at the GSI laboratory, Germany to address these issues using detection system developed by the Edinburgh NP group.