Praise be to God Who hath made being to come forth from nothingness; graven upon the tablet of man the secrets of preexistence; taught him from the mysteries of divine utterance that which he knew not; made him a Luminous Book unto those who believed and surrendered themselves; caused him to witness the creation of all things (Kullu Shay') in this black and ruinous age, and to speak forth from the apex of eternity with a wondrous voice in the Excellent Temple(1): to the end that every man may testify, in himself, by himself, in the station of the Manifestation of his Lord, that verily there is no God save Him, and that every man may thereby win his way to the summit of realities, until none shall contemplate anything whatsoever but that he shall see God therein.
And I praise and glorify the first sea which hath branched from the ocean of the Divine Essence, and the first morn which hath glowed from the Horizon of Oneness, and the first sun which hath risen in the Heaven of Eternity, and the first fire which was lit from the Lamp of Preexistence in the lantern of singleness: He who was Ahmad in the kingdom of the exalted ones, and Muhammad amongst the concourse of the near ones, and Mahmud(2) in the realm of the sincere ones. "…by whichsoever (name) ye will, invoke Him: He hath most excellent names"(3) in the hearts of those who know. And upon His household and companions be abundant and abiding and eternal peace!
Further, we have harkened to what the nightingale of knowledge sang on the boughs of the tree of thy being, and learned what the dove of certitude cried on the branches of the bower of thy heart. Methinks I verily inhaled the pure fragrances of the garment of thy love, and attained thy very meeting from perusing thy letter. And since I noted thy mention of thy death in God, and thy life through Him, and thy love for the beloved of God and the Manifestations of His Names and the Dawning-Points of His Attributes–I therefore reveal unto thee sacred and resplendent tokens from the planes of glory, to attract thee into the court of holiness and nearness and beauty, and draw thee to a station wherein thou shalt see nothing in creation save the Face of thy Beloved One, the Honored, and behold all created things only as in the day wherein none hath a mention.
By My life, O friend, wert thou to taste of these fruits, from the green garden of these blossoms which grow in the lands of knowledge, beside the orient lights of the Essence in the mirrors of names and attributes–yearning would seize the reins of patience and reserve from out thy hand, and make thy soul to shake with the flashing light, and draw thee from the earthly homeland to the first, heavenly abode in the Center of Realities, and lift thee to a plane wherein thou wouldst soar in the air even as thou walkest upon the earth, and move over the water as thou runnest on the land. Wherefore, may it rejoice Me, and thee, and whosoever mounteth into the heaven of knowledge, and whose heart is refreshed by this, that the wind of certitude hath blown over the garden of his being, from the Sheba of the All-Merciful.
The steed of this Valley is patience; without patience the wayfarer on this journey will reach nowhere and attain no goal. Nor should he ever be downhearted; if he strive for a hundred thousand years and yet fail to behold the beauty of the Friend, he should not falter. For those who seek the Ka'bih(8) of "for Us" rejoice in the tidings: "In Our ways will We guide them."(9) In their search, they have stoutly girded up the loins of service, and seek at every moment to journey from the plane of heedlessness into the realm of being. No bond shall hold them back, and no counsel shall deter them.
It is incumbent on these servants that they cleanse the heart–which is the wellspring of divine treasures–from every marking, and that they turn away from imitation, which is following the traces of their forefathers and sires, and shut the door of friendliness and enmity upon all the people of the earth.
In this journey the seeker reacheth a stage wherein he seeth all created things wandering distracted in search of the Friend. How many a Jacob will he see, hunting after his Joseph; he will behold many a lover, hasting to seek the Beloved, he will witness a world of desiring ones searching after the One Desired. At every moment he findeth a weighty matter, in every hour he becometh aware of a mystery; for he hath taken his heart away from both worlds, and set out for the Ka'bih(10) of the Beloved. At every step, aid from the Invisible Realm will attend him and the heat of his search will grow.
For Attar's heart, an atom of Thy pain.
The steed of this Valley is pain; and if there be no pain this journey will never end. In this station the lover hath no thought save the Beloved, and seeketh no refuge save the Friend. At every moment he offereth a hundred lives in the path of the Loved One, at every step he throweth a thousand heads at the feet of the Beloved.
Love accepteth no existence and wisheth no life: He seeth life in death, and in shame seeketh glory. To merit the madness of love, man must abound in sanity; to merit the bonds of the Friend, he must be full of spirit. Blessed the neck that is caught in His noose, happy the head that falleth on the dust in the pathway of His love. Wherefore, O friend, give up thy self that thou mayest find the Peerless One, pass by this mortal earth that thou mayest seek a home in the nest of heaven. Be as naught, if thou wouldst kindle the fire of being and be fit for the pathway of love.
Love setteth a world aflame at every turn, and he wasteth every land where he carrieth his banner. Being hath no existence in his kingdom; the wise wield no command within his realm. The leviathan of love swalloweth the master of reason and destroyeth the lord of knowledge. He drinketh the seven seas, but his heart's thirst is still unquenched, and he saith, "Is there yet any more?"(17) He shunneth himself and draweth away from all on earth.
He hath bound a myriad victims in his fetters, wounded a myriad wise men with his arrow. Know that every redness in the world is from his anger, and every paleness in men's cheeks is from his poison. He yieldeth no remedy but death, he walketh not save in the valley of the shadow; yet sweeter than honey is his venom on the lover's lips, and fairer his destruction in the seeker's eyes than a hundred thousand lives.
and come out of doubt into certitude, and turn from the darkness of illusion to the guiding light of the fear of God. His inner eyes will open and he will privily converse with his Beloved; he will set ajar the gate of truth and piety, and shut the doors of vain imaginings. He in this station is content with the decree of God, and seeth war as peace, and findeth in death the secrets of everlasting life. With inward and outward eyes he witnesseth the mysteries of resurrection in the realms of creation and the souls of men, and with a pure heart apprehendeth the divine wisdom in the endless Manifestations of God. In the ocean he findeth a drop, in a drop he beholdeth the secrets of the sea.
The wayfarer in this Valley seeth in the fashionings of the True One nothing save clear providence, and at every moment saith: "No defect canst thou see in the creation of the God of Mercy: Repeat the gaze: Seest thou a single flaw?"(21) He beholdeth justice in injustice, and in justice, grace. In ignorance he findeth many a knowledge hidden, and in knowledge a myriad wisdoms manifest. He breaketh the cage of the body and the passions, and consorteth with the people of the immortal realm. He mounteth on the ladders of inner truth and hasteneth to the heaven of inner significance. He rideth in the ark of "we shall show them our signs in the regions and in themselves,"(22) and journeyeth over the sea of "until it become plain to them that (this Book) is the truth."(23) And if he meeteth with injustice he shall have patience, and if he cometh upon wrath he shall manifest love.
There was once a lover who had sighed for long years in separation from his beloved, and wasted in the fire of remoteness. From the rule of love, his heart was empty of patience, and his body weary of his spirit; he reckoned life without her as a mockery, and time consumed him away. How many a day he found no rest in longing for her; how many a night the pain of her kept him from sleep; his body was worn to a sigh, his heart's wound had turned him to a cry of sorrow. He had given a thousand lives for one taste of the cup of her presence, but it availed him not. The doctors knew no cure for him, and companions avoided his company; yea, physicians have no medicine for one sick of love, unless the favor of the beloved one deliver him.
At last, the tree of his longing yielded the fruit of despair, and the fire of his hope fell to ashes. Then one night he could live no more, and he went out of his house and made for the marketplace. On a sudden, a watchman followed after him. He broke into a run, with the watchman following; then other watchmen came together, and barred every passage to the weary one. And the wretched one cried from his heart, and ran here and there, and moaned to himself: "Surely this watchman is Izra'il, my angel of death, following so fast upon me; or he is a tyrant of men, seeking to harm me." His feet carried him on, the one bleeding with the arrow of love, and his heart lamented. Then he came to a garden wall, and with untold pain he scaled it, for it proved very high; and forgetting his life, he threw himself down to the garden.
Indeed, his words were true, for he had found many a secret justice in this seeming tyranny of the watchman, and seen how many a mercy lay hid behind the veil. Out of wrath, the guard had led him who was athirst in love's desert to the sea of his loved one, and lit up the dark night of absence with the light of reunion. He had driven one who was afar, into the garden of nearness, had guided an ailing soul to the heart's physician.
Such is the state of the wayfarers in this Valley; but the people of the Valleys above this see the end and the beginning as one; nay, they see neither beginning nor end, and witness neither "first" nor "last."(24) Nay rather, the denizens of the undying city, who dwell in the green garden land, see not even "neither first nor last"; they fly from all that is first, and repulse all that is last. For these have passed over the worlds of names, and fled beyond the worlds of attributes as swift as lightning. Thus is it said: "Absolute Unity excludeth all attributes."(25) And they have made their dwelling-place in the shadow of the Essence.
and drinketh from the cup of the Absolute, and gazeth on the Manifestations of Oneness. In this station he pierceth the veils of plurality, fleeth from the worlds of the flesh, and ascendeth into the heaven of singleness. With the ear of God he heareth, with the eye of God he beholdeth the mysteries of divine creation. He steppeth into the sanctuary of the Friend, and shareth as an intimate the pavilion of the Loved One. He stretcheth out the hand of truth from the sleeve of the Absolute; he revealeth the secrets of power. He seeth in himself neither name nor fame nor rank, but findeth his own praise in praising God. He beholdeth in his own name the name of God; to him, "all songs are from the King,"(32) and every melody from Him. He sitteth on the throne of "Say, all is from God,"(33) and taketh his rest on the carpet of "There is no power or might but in God."(34) He looketh on all things with the eye of oneness, and seeth the brilliant rays of the divine sun shining from the dawning-point of Essence alike on all created things, and the lights of singleness reflected over all creation.
It is clear to thine Eminence that all the variations which the wayfarer in the stages of his journey beholdeth in the realms of being, proceed from his own vision. We shall give an example of this, that its meaning may become fully clear: Consider the visible sun; although it shineth with one radiance upon all things, and at the behest of the King of Manifestation bestoweth light on all creation, yet in each place it becometh manifest and sheddeth its bounty according to the potentialities of that place. For instance, in a mirror it reflecteth its own disk and shape, and this is due to the sensitivity of the mirror; in a crystal it maketh fire to appear, and in other things it showeth only the effect of its shining, but not its full disk. And yet, through that effect, by the command of the Creator, it traineth each thing according to the quality of that thing, as thou observest.
Thus it is that certain invalid souls have confined the lands of knowledge within the wall of self and passion, and clouded them with ignorance and blindness, and have been veiled from the light of the mystic sun and the mysteries of the Eternal Beloved; they have strayed afar from the jewelled wisdom of the lucid Faith of the Lord of Messengers, have been shut out of the sanctuary of the All-Beauteous One, and banished from the Ka'bih(35) of splendor. Such is the worth of the people of this age!
And if a nightingale(36) soar upward from the clay of self and dwell in the rose bower of the heart, and in Arabian melodies and sweet Iranian songs recount the mysteries of God–a single word of which quickeneth to fresh, new life the bodies of the dead, and bestoweth the Holy Spirit upon the moldering bones of this existence–thou wilt behold a thousand claws of envy, a myriad beaks of rancor hunting after Him and with all their power intent upon His death.
In sum, the differences in objects have now been made plain. Thus when the wayfarer gazeth only upon the place of appearance–that is, when he seeth only the many-colored globes–he beholdeth yellow and red and white; hence it is that conflict hath prevailed among the creatures, and a darksome dust from limited souls hath hid the world. And some do gaze upon the effulgence of the light; and some have drunk of the wine of oneness and these see nothing but the sun itself.
O My Brother! A pure heart is as a mirror; cleanse it with the burnish of love and severance from all save God, that the true sun may shine within it and the eternal morning dawn. Then wilt thou clearly see the meaning of "Neither doth My earth nor My heaven contain Me, but the heart of My faithful servant containeth Me."(39) And thou wilt take up thy life in thine hand, and with infinite longing cast it before the new Beloved One.
Then it is clear that even for the rays there is neither entrance nor exit–how much less for that Essence of Being and that longed-for Mystery. O My Brother, journey upon these planes in the spirit of search, not in blind imitation. A true wayfarer will not be kept back by the bludgeon of words nor debarred by the warning of allusions.
How shall a curtain part the lover and the loved one?
On this same basis, ponder likewise the differences among the worlds. Although the divine worlds be never ending, yet some refer to them as four: The world of time (zaman), which is the one that hath both a beginning and an end; the world of duration (dahr), which hath a beginning, but whose end is not revealed; the world of perpetuity (sarmad), whose beginning is not to be seen but which is known to have an end; and the world of eternity (azal), neither a beginning nor an end of which is visible. Although there are many differing statements as to these points, to recount them in detail would result in weariness. Thus, some have said that the world of perpetuity hath neither beginning nor end, and have named the world of eternity as the invisible, impregnable Empyrean. Others have called these the worlds of the Heavenly Court (Lahut), of the Empyrean Heaven (Jabarut), of the Kingdom of the Angels (Malakut), and of the mortal world (Nasut).
The journeys in the pathway of love are reckoned as four: From the creatures to the True One; from the True One to the creatures; from the creatures to the creatures; from the True One to the True One.
There is many an utterance of the mystic seers and doctors of former times which I have not mentioned here, since I mislike the copious citation from sayings of the past; for quotation from the words of others proveth acquired learning, not the divine bestowal. Even so much as We have quoted here is out of deference to the wont of men and after the manner of the friends. Further, such matters are beyond the scope of this epistle. Our unwillingness to recount their sayings is not from pride, rather is it a manifestation of wisdom and a demonstration of grace.
Otherwise, this Servant regardeth Himself as utterly lost and as nothing, even beside one of the beloved of God, how much less in the presence of His holy ones. Exalted be My Lord, the Supreme! Moreover, our aim is to recount the stages of the wayfarer's journey, not to set forth the conflicting utterances of the mystics.
These statements are made in the sphere of that which is relative, because of the limitations of men. Otherwise, those personages who in a single step have passed over the world of the relative and the limited, and dwelt on the fair plane of the Absolute, and pitched their tent in the worlds of authority and command–have burned away these relativities with a single spark, and blotted out these words with a drop of dew. And they swim in the sea of the spirit, and soar in the holy air of light. Then what life have words, on such a plane, that "first" and "last" or other than these be seen or mentioned! In this realm, the first is the last itself, and the last is but the first.
O my friend, look upon thyself: Hadst thou not become a father nor begotten a son, neither wouldst thou have heard these sayings. Now forget them all, that thou mayest learn from the Master of Love in the schoolhouse of oneness, and return unto God, and forsake the inner land of unreality(50) for thy true station, and dwell within the shadow of the tree of knowledge.
Peace be upon him who concludeth this exalted journey and followeth the True One by the lights of guidance.
In this Valley he feeleth the winds of divine contentment blowing from the plane of the spirit. He burneth away the veils of want, and with inward and outward eye, perceiveth within and without all things the day of: "God will compensate each one out of His abundance."(53) From sorrow he turneth to bliss, from anguish to joy. His grief and mourning yield to delight and rapture.
and is tossed in the oceans of grandeur, and at every moment his wonder groweth. Now he seeth the shape of wealth as poverty itself, and the essence of freedom as sheer impotence. Now is he struck dumb with the beauty of the All-Glorious; again is he wearied out with his own life. How many a mystic tree hath this whirlwind of wonderment snatched by the roots, how many a soul hath it exhausted. For in this Valley the traveler is flung into confusion, albeit, in the eye of him who hath attained, such marvels are esteemed and well beloved. At every moment he beholdeth a wondrous world, a new creation, and goeth from astonishment to astonishment, and is lost in awe at the works of the Lord of Oneness.
Likewise, reflect upon the perfection of man's creation, and that all these planes and states are folded up and hidden away within him.
O friend, the heart is the dwelling of eternal mysteries, make it not the home of fleeting fancies; waste not the treasure of thy precious life in employment with this swiftly passing world. Thou comest from the world of holiness–bind not thine heart to the earth; thou art a dweller in the court of nearness–choose not the homeland of the dust.
The pen groaneth and the ink sheddeth tears, and the river(61) of the heart moveth in waves of blood. "Nothing can befall us but what God hath destined for us."(62) Peace be upon him who followeth the Right Path!
He who hath attained this station is sanctified from all that pertaineth to the world. Wherefore, if those who have come to the sea of His presence are found to possess none of the limited things of this perishable world, whether it be outer wealth or personal opinions, it mattereth not. For whatever the creatures have is limited by their own limits, and whatever the True One hath is sanctified therefrom; this utterance must be deeply pondered that its purport may be clear. "Verily the righteous shall drink of a winecup tempered at the camphor fountain."(64) If the interpretation of "camphor" become known, the true intention will be evident. This state is that poverty of which it is said, "Poverty is My glory."(65) And of inward and outward poverty there is many a stage and many a meaning which I have not thought pertinent to mention here; hence I have reserved these for another time, dependent on what God may desire and fate may seal.
This is the plane whereon the vestiges of all things (Kullu Shay') are destroyed in the traveler, and on the horizon of eternity the Divine Face riseth out of the darkness, and the meaning of "All on the earth shall pass away, but the face of thy Lord…."(66) is made manifest.
O My friend, listen with heart and soul to the songs of the spirit, and treasure them as thine own eyes. For the heavenly wisdoms, like the clouds of spring, will not rain down on the earth of men's hearts forever; and though the grace of the All-Bounteous One is never stilled and never ceasing, yet to each time and era a portion is allotted and a bounty set apart, this in a given measure. "And no one thing is there, but with Us are its storehouses; and We send it not down but in settled measure."(67) The cloud of the Loved One's mercy raineth only on the garden of the spirit, and bestoweth this bounty only in the season of spring. The other seasons have no share in this greatest grace, and barren lands no portion of this favor.
O Brother! Not every sea hath pearls; not every branch will flower, nor will the nightingale sing thereon. Then, ere the nightingale of the mystic paradise repair to the garden of God, and the rays of the heavenly morning return to the Sun of Truth–make thou an effort, that haply in this dustheap of the mortal world thou mayest catch a fragrance from the everlasting garden, and live forever in the shadow of the peoples of this city. And when thou hast attained this highest station and come to this mightiest plane, then shalt thou gaze on the Beloved, and forget all else.
Now hast thou abandoned the drop of life and come to the sea of the Life-Bestower. This is the goal thou didst ask for; if it be God's will, thou wilt gain it.
In this city, even the veils of light are split asunder and vanish away. "His beauty hath no veiling save light, His face no covering save revelation."(69) How strange that while the Beloved is visible as the sun, yet the heedless still hunt after tinsel and base metal. Yea, the intensity of His revelation hath covered Him, and the fullness of His shining forth hath hidden Him.
In this Valley, the wayfarer leaveth behind him the stages of the "oneness of Being and Manifestation"(71) and reacheth a oneness that is sanctified above these two stations. Ecstasy alone can encompass this theme, not utterance nor argument; and whosoever hath dwelt at this stage of the journey, or caught a breath from this garden land, knoweth whereof We speak.
They who soar in the heaven of singleness and reach to the sea of the Absolute, reckon this city–which is the station of life in God–as the furthermost state of mystic knowers, and the farthest homeland of the lovers. But to this evanescent One of the mystic ocean, this station is the first gate of the heart's citadel, that is, man's first entrance to the city of the heart; and the heart is endowed with four stages, which would be recounted should a kindred soul be found.
The thoughts thou hast expressed as to the interpretation of the common species of bird that is called in Persian Gunjishk (sparrow) were considered.(78) Thou appearest to be well-grounded in mystic truth. However, on every plane, to every letter a meaning is allotted which relateth to that plane. Indeed, the wayfarer findeth a secret in every name, a mystery in every letter. In one sense, these letters refer to holiness.
Wert thou to harken to the melodies of this mortal Bird,(80) then wouldst thou seek out the undying chalice and pass by every perishable cup.
He is the Strong, the Well-Beloved!
I am wondering why the tie of love was so abruptly severed, and the firm covenant of friendship broken. Did ever, God forbid, My devotion lessen, or My deep affection fail, that thou hast thus forgot Me and blotted Me from thy thoughts?
What fault of Mine hath made thee cease thy favors?
Likewise He saith, "Go straight on then as thou hast been commanded."(85) Wherefore, this course is incumbent on those who dwell in the presence of God.
Albeit I have received no answer to My letters and it is contrary to the usage of the wise to express My regard anew, yet this new love hath broken all the old rules and ways.
Today's the first of these–'Tis why thou seest me glad.
O My eminent friend! Those who progress in mystic wayfaring are of four kinds. I shall describe them in brief, that the grades and qualities of each kind may become plain to thee.
On this plane, the self is not rejected but beloved; it is well-pleasing and not to be shunned. Although at the beginning, this plane is the realm of conflict, yet it endeth in attainment to the throne of splendor. As they have said: "O Abraham of this day, O Friend Abraham of the Spirit! Kill these four birds of prey,"(91) that after death the riddle of life may be unraveled.
This station hath many signs, unnumbered proofs. Hence it is said: "Hereafter We will show them Our signs in the regions of the earth, and in themselves, until it become manifest unto them that it is the truth,"(94) and that there is no God save Him.
If the loving seekers wish to live within the precincts of the Attracting One (Majdhub),(107) no soul may dwell on this Kingly Throne save the beauty of love. This realm is not to be pictured in words.
These are a people who deem the lowest place to be one with the throne of glory, and to them beauty's bower differeth not from the field of a battle fought in the cause of the Beloved.
And our lives are ready targets, when agony's arrows He hurls.
Methinks at this moment, I catch the fragrance of His garment(120) blowing from the Egypt of Baha;(121) verily He seemeth near at hand, though men may think Him far away.(122) My soul doth smell the perfume shed by the Beloved One; My sense is filled with the fragrance of My dear Companion.
Never the shrouded soul unite with beauty's rose.
For this is the realm of Absolute Command and is free of all the attributes of earth.
How crystal this cool water that the Cup-Bearer bringeth! How bright this pure wine in the hands of the Beloved! How delicate this draught from the Heavenly Cup! May it do them good, whoso drink thereof, and taste of its sweetness and attain to its knowledge.
For the mystery of this utterance is hid within the storehouse of the Great Infallibility(131) and laid up in the treasuries of power. It is sanctified above the jewels of explanation; it is beyond what the most subtle of tongues can tell.
Astonishment here is highly prized, and utter poverty essential. Wherefore hath it been said, "Poverty is My pride."(132) And again: "God hath a people beneath the dome of glory, whom He hideth in the clothing of radiant poverty."(133) These are they who see with His eyes, hear with His ears, as it is written in the well-known tradition.
Concerning this realm, there is many a tradition and many a verse, of broad or special relevancy, but two of these will suffice to serve as a light for men of mind and heart.
When I entrusted this message of love to My pen, it refused the burden, and it swooned away. Then coming to itself, it spoke and said, "Glory be to Thee! To Thee do I turn in penitence, and I am the first of them that believe."(137) Praise be to God, the Lord of the worlds!
Peace be upon thee, and upon those who circle around thee and attain thy meeting.
11 Literally, Majnun means "insane." This is the title of the celebrated lover of ancient Persian and Arabian lore, whose beloved was Layli, daughter of an Arabian prince. Symbolizing true human love bordering on the divine, the story has been made the theme of many a Persian romantic poem, particularly that of Nizami, written in 1188-1189 A.D.
13 Refer to the story of Joesph in the Qur'an and the Old Testament.
14 Faridu'd-Din Attar (ca. 1150-1230 A.D.), the great Persian Sufi poet.
18 Jalalu'd-Din Rumi (1207-1273 A.D.); The Mathnavi. Jalalu'd-Din, called Mawlana ("our Master"), is the greatest of all Persian Sufi poets, and founder of the Mawlavi "whirling" dervish order.
19 From an ode by Baha'u'llah.
25 Saying attributed to 'Ali.
26 Shaykh Abu Isma'il 'Abdu'llah Ansari of Hirat (1006-1088 A.D.) Sufi leader, descended from the Prophet's companion Abu Ayyub. Chiefly known for his Munajat (Supplications) and Ruba'iyyat (Quatrains). "Ansar" means the "Helpers" or companions of Muhammad in Medina.
29 This refers to the mystic wandering and search for truth guided by "Lights" or Sufi leaders. Baha'u'llah here warns the mystics that the coming of the Divine Manifestation in His Day makes further search unnecessary, as it was said by 'Ali: "Quench the lamp when the sun hath risen"–the sun referring to the Manifestation of God in the New Day.
36 This refers to Baha'u'llah's own Manifestation.
39 Hadith, i.e. action or utterance traditionally attributed to the Prophet Muhammad or to one of the holy Imams.
42 Hadith, i.e. action or utterance traditionally attributed to the Prophet Muhammad or to one of the holy Imams.
45 Hafiz: Shamsu'd-Din Muhammad, of Shiraz, died ca. 1389 A.D. One of the greatest of Persian poets.
46 Hadith, i.e. action or utterance traditionally attributed to the Prophet Muhammad or to one of the holy Imams.
50 This refers to the Sufi idea of the inner plane, which compared to Revealed Truth is but unreal.
52 This refers to Baha'u'llah Himself, Who had not yet declared His mission.
54 Hafiz: Shamsu'd-Din Muhammad, of Shiraz, died ca. 1389 A.D. One of the greatest of Persian poets.
56 Hadith, i.e. action or utterance traditionally attributed to the Prophet Muhammad or to one of the holy Imams.
61 Literally "Jayhun," a river in Turkistan.
68 Faridu'd-Din Attar (ca. 1150-1230 A.D.), the great Persian Sufi poet.
69 Hadith, i.e. action or utterance traditionally attributed to the Prophet Muhammad or to one of the holy Imams.
72 This refers to the three stages of Sufi life: 1. Shari'at, or Religious Laws; 2. Tariqat, or the Path on which the mystic wayfarer journeys in search of the True One; this stage also includes anchoretism. 3. Haqiqat, or the Truth which, to the Sufi, is the goal of the journey through all three stages. Here Baha'u'llah teaches that, contrary to the belief of certain Sufis who in their search for the Truth consider themselves above all law, obedience to the Laws of Religion is essential.
76 "Peace." This word is used in concluding a thesis.
78 The five letters comprising this word in Persian are: G, N, J, SH, K, that is, Gaf, Nun, Jim, Shin, Kaf.
79 This and the foregoing quotations are from the teachings of Islam.
80 This is a reference in the traditional Persian style to Baha'u'llah Himself.
82 Sa'di, Muslihu'd-Din of Shiraz (ca. 1184-1291), famed author of the Gulistan and other poetical works.
83 Persian proverb describing a man who gives up easily. As used here one connotation is that the Shaykh might have considered his station as a mystic leader compromised by the fact of his being taught the new truth by Baha'u'llah.
88 Senna, capital of Persian Kurdistan.
89 This preamble to The Four Valleys is written in the finest Persian epistolary style. The rules of classical letter writing in Persian require quotations from literary works, and assertions of abiding love for the one addressed, who is chided for having neglected the writer.
91 The Mathnavi. Here Rumi tells a story of four evil birds which, when put to death, changed into four birds of goodness. The allegory refers to subduing evil qualities and replacing them with good.
96 Famed writers on grammar and rhetoric.
99 An attribute of God and one of the titles of Muhammad.
100 Maqam-i-Mahmud–Praiseworthy Station–is the rank of Prophets endowed with constancy.
101 Qur'an 18:16. This is a reference to the station of complete faith. The companions of the Cave are identified with early Christian martyrs.
107 That attribute of God which draws all creatures to Him.
111 The Cyclic Theory of Abu-'Ali Sina (Avicenna–980-1037) as expressed by him in the quatrain: Every semblance, every shape that perisheth today In the treasure-house of Time is safely stored away. When the world revolveth to its former place, Out of the Invisible He draweth forth its face. See also Some Answered Questions, p. 326.
116 Statement attributed to 'Ali.
117 This quotation is in Arabic.
119 This was revealed before the Declaration of Baha'u'llah. The lines following refer to the imminence of His Manifestation.
120 Literally, the garment of Ha, which is the letter "H" and here represents Baha.
121 This reference is to the story of Joseph in the Qur'an and the Bible.
122 This refers to those who did not expect the imminent advent of Him Whom God Shall Manifest.
125 This quotation is from one of the commentators on Qur'an 55:29. Cf. the dictionary Lisanu'l-'Arab.
129 Cf. Qur'an 7:105 etc., and Hadith.
131 Ismat-i-Kubra, the invariable attribute of the Divine Manifestation.
138 Shams-i-Tabriz, the Sufi who exerted a powerful influence on Jalalu'd-Din Rumi, diverting his attention from science to Mysticism. A great part of Rumi's works are dedicated to him. These lines are from the Mathnavi.


Last week I made it out for the local short track series race at City Park (Emma Long). The format is a timed short lap race, with each lap being about a mile in length. The B race is as many laps as you can begin* within 45 minutes.
The race is held at the most technically challenging trail around Austin and is the location where I achieved my one and only 1st place finish at El Deguello last November.
This is a true mountain biking course and I am very excited for the local race series. I just wish I could make more of the races. Being on Tuesday nights, it makes it impossible for me to make more than a couple of the race nights.
At any rate, I entered both the C and B races. The C race was going well for me, with my pacing along with the leader until about 2/3's of the way through the race and I got a large gash in my tire.
Fortunately, I was able to hustle over to the guys at ATX Bikes, who were able to plug the gash and allow me to ride in the B race as well.
I didn't really know what to expect in a 'higher' category of racing, so I went out a little conservative. I ended up mid pack or so and in the thick of things in the bottlenecks of the trail on the first lap.
My first lap had me at about 9:30 whereas the rest of my laps were in the 8 minute range. Next time out I'll push a bit harder on the sprint to the trail to get a bit further up in the pack and hopefully avoid more of the traffic.
I really enjoyed the race and am planning on getting out for the next race next week. Unfortunately that will be the only other race of the series that I'll be able to make.
Here's a few pics by J. A. Hicks Photography.
Nice! Good to know there is a dirt series there as well!


A new version of the Merchant Service Center has been released. A bunch of new features are included, such as a new Reporting Tool and an update of the Reporting Dashboard.
The revised version of the MSC helps merchants to keep track of their business via paysafecard even better. Through the integrated Merchant Reporting Tool they are able to access their reporting suite through the MSC in real time, for example. They can view all reports online or download them to CSV. There are two types of reports: The transaction report is used for those investigations into incomplete transactions with filter criteria allowing the merchant to pinpoint very specific cases. The debit report allows them to analyse the completed transactions with full breakdown of fees and more. The Debit report is also available through our REST API so they can create custom reports with our service center and integrate it with their existing systems. Furthermore, the MRT is more user-friendly.


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3 Powerful Winter Wellness Tips for Your Mental Health
Shorter days, colder weather, holiday stress — this time of year is among the hardest, even without a dangerous pandemic changing almost every aspect of our lives. Charity was recently quoted in an article sharing 3 Winter Wellness Tips that can improve your mental health. Check out her suggestions below:
Winter Wellness Tips for Cold Weather & Holiday Stress
Psychotherapist Charity Fleming expects a lot of people will be experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety or grief this year. As co-owner of Qualia Counselling Services, which has four mental health clinics across Southern Ontario, she believes grief and loss will impact families of all kinds, whether they have lost family members, jobs or even just their normal way of life.
"This is the first Christmas — or first holiday season — since COVID-19 started," Fleming says. "It's just a really hard time for many people."
Thankfully there are three powerful ways to improve your mental health, she says, supported by studies and proven to help both mind and body.
Mindfulness: Decluttering Your Thoughts
Many of our thoughts fall into two main categories: the past or the future. The problem with those patterns, Fleming says, is they impact our mental health.
"When you're thinking in the past, and it's a brooding type of ruminating — it will increase depression," she says. "And when we're thinking forward all the time, it's can increase stress and anxiety."
That's why mindfulness has been proven to alleviate stress, boost the immune system and improve sleep. At its simplest, mindfulness is focusing on a moment, a sensory experience, and your breathing. Let other thoughts fall away as you focus on scenery outside a window, a holiday ornament, a flower or fragrant food.
"It's making those things come alive, slowing our pace, and noticing things we don't normally notice," Fleming says. "It essentially strengthens neural pathways in your brain to help you draw upon those moments during times of stress, depression or other negative experiences."
Fleming likens the exercise to "decluttering" the mind, or "pressing reset" on your thoughts. Free resources to practice mindfulness can be found on our Free Handouts & Worksheets page, in our blog posts, and on our YouTube Channel.
Expressive Writing: Experiencing through Words
You can spend as little as two minutes daily with pen and paper to lower your blood pressure and boost mood. Use a journal or even scraps of paper to write about anything — a memory, an emotion, or a description of something around you.
"Normally we're just superficially processing," Fleming says. "Writing is accessing that different part of the brain that is giving voice to something we are experiencing, or to our inner selves."
The writing exercise comes from trauma research that showed, within days, improvements in happiness and health. Even if you throw out the paper afterward, the benefits are the same. Various studies — from trauma survivors to those living with chronic health conditions — showed benefits from regular practice.
"It's like turning on a light in a different room of your mind", Fleming says. And since the research came from studying post-traumatic growth, it may be particularly useful during a pandemic that has upended our lives.
Gratitude: A Win-Win
Researchers have studied hope, optimism, wealth — none of them compare to gratitude, for increasing happiness.
"It's the No. 1 psychological predictor of happiness," Fleming says.
How can you practice gratitude? Keep a daily gratitude journal, express thankfulness to your loved ones, write gratitude letters to people in your life, or just spend a few minutes each day listing what you're grateful for.
Research shows you'll have better sleep and heart health, and reduced stress and loneliness. At the same time, you'll be improving your closest relationships — it's a win-win scenario.
"We start taking people for granted — I often see it in relationships," Fleming says. "I think that it takes vulnerability, which takes emotional courage, to express deep and heart felt gratitude to people that you see every day."
Just as we are vigilant about our physical health during COVID-19, it's increasingly critical to care for our mental wellbeing.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This post is sponsored by Aveeno. All thoughts and opinions are my own.
I've been in go go go mode for the last few weeks in preparation for baby C's arrival in January. There's so much to do personally (paint the house, transform Maizah's room into a room for a newborn and toddler) and professionally (filming videos, shooting campaigns, moving my office back to home). It seems like my things to do list never ends.
Because I know so many women have the same there's so much to do agenda, I've teamed up with Aveeno to share the importance of taking a #MomentForMe.
When they first approached me about the idea, I have to admit that I was excited to work with Aveeno because I'm a longtime fan, but when I read about the purpose of the campaign it really resonated with me.
I had to ask myself, do you take a #MomentForMe even for 5 minutes?
As women, we have the tendency to put others' needs before our own. Our children, friends, spouses, significant others, coworkers – every day there are a variety of life fires we're putting out to make sure everyone else is good. That's not a bad thing at all, but even if it's 5 minutes of having a quiet moment (hello, Do Not Disturb mode) while drinking your favorite cup of tea to enjoy even the small victories of the day to day hustle is worth taking.
Aveeno is encouraging women to take time for themselves, so they can recharge to feel and look their best. If I'm being honest, preparing for baby C's arrival makes me feel so calm and clear nowadays (only 12 more weeks!). When Aveeno sent me their Baby Soothing Relief Creamy Wash and Soothing Relief Moisturizing Cream for her to try, it felt great to know that I had gentle products I trust to use when she gets here.
When I do have a #MomentForMe, what I think about most is becoming a mom of two. It's a transition I'm excited about, but very nervous about as well.
There are many times I didn't take a #MomentForMe because I didn't think a few minutes could make a difference, but I decided to change that mindset. Even if I only have 10 minutes to spare, I give them to myself. Whether it's drinking my favorite cup of tea, listening to my favorite Beyoncé song and dancing my heart out or reading a chapter of a book I've been trying to finish for a month, it's worth taking that #MomentForMe. Even a small pocket of time can give you peace of mind that allows you to be more present at work and at home.
I'm still getting better at this, but I'd love to hear from you guys. How do you set aside some time and take a #MomentForMe?


Hudson Yards is a huge development project, perhaps the largest in the entire U.S. history. Situated somewhat north of Chelsea and due west of Midtown, Hudson Yards is built on platforms that are over current railways, truly a marvel of engineering! This new neighborhood in New York is perhaps best described as a small city, with its 16 skyscrapers and an area that spans over a few million square feet. The full project is planned to contain thousands of offices, luxury apartments, and retail spaces combined. There are already some shops and restaurants open, however, and are ready for business.
This new neighborhood in New York features more than 10 million square feet of office space. It is spread across high rises and it includes New York's second tallest office building, the already famous 30 Hudson Yards. Many companies have already shown their interest in Hudson Yards, such as KKR, HBO, VaynerMedia, L'Oreal, Sidewalk Labs and more. Hudson Yards is shaping up to be extremely prominent in the world of business, already. If you wish to join these companies, all you need to do is contact your real estate agent and they will fill you in on everything you might need to know.
"If you are in the process of deciding where to relocate your office, Hudson Yards might just be the place!"
When all the work is complete, Hudson Yards will feature around four thousand rental apartments and condominiums. There is a hefty price tag for residences, which starts at around two million dollars. However, this will not be an area exclusively for rich people, as around 20% of apartments are reserved for housing that is much more affordable. For example, if you would like to rent a studio in this new neighborhood in New York, you can get it for as low as $858. If you are in the process of estimating the cost of your move to NY and want to move to Hudson Yards, the best thing to do would be to look into some of these affordable housing options.
Hudson Yards incorporates a system of street cameras and cell phone data to react to traffic patterns, as well as power demands, air quality, and temperature. There is even a stand-alone app that is unique to Hudson yards, which allows you to book amenities and pay your bills. Public Wi-Fi is omnipresent, and visitors can opt-in to receive various notifications about the area, such as experiences and events.
"Embracing technology is one of the focal points of Hudson Yards."
This magnificent building will be home to a nonprofit arts group, which is dedicated to the presentation and performance of arts. This building creates a theater by sliding its outer shell over the connected plaza. Designed by Diller Scofidio and Renfro and Rockwell Group, this marvel of architecture opens up in the spring. If you are interested in buildings like these, there are many similar ones in various neighborhoods in NY.
Another interesting place to visit, the 100th floor of 30 Hudson Yards is built to serve as an observation deck and possesses the highest viewing area in the entire western hemisphere, which is also the fifth highest in the entire world! Definitely not for acrophobes, as it is open-air, this deck gives an unparalleled view of the Hudson River and its skyline. There is also a restaurant up there that serves food at an elevation of over a thousand feet.
Perhaps one of the most interesting buildings in this new neighborhood in New York, the Vessel is a marvelous combination of art, engineering, and usefulness. Designed by Thomas Heatherwick, this building looks more like a sculpture than anything else. Definitely one of the focal points of Hudson Yards, it is designed to be a "playground for everybody". Indeed, with its series of stairs and platforms and numerous ways to the top, it is sure to present hours and hours of entertainment for residents and visitors alike.
As in every good neighborhood, there will be a multitude of dining options available. Some of the most prominent ones include restaurants by David Chang and Thomas Keller. There will even be a Mercado Little Spain, overseen by Adrià brothers and José Andrés. If you wish to open up your own restaurant, you will most likely need to consider renting out space for yourself.
"Hudson Yards will feature many fine dining restaurants."
"Opportunity for the car to take a back seat" is the mantra of lead architect Thomas Woltz, the man in charge of this five-acre park. It features more than 200 trees and 28 thousand plants that were growing for four years, offsite, before making their way to this park. Truly a nirvana in the middle of the West Side, it combines a contemporary lifestyle with beauty and horticulture.
In order to keep the soil bed hospitable, even though it is located above a rail yard, there are numerous fans and cooling liquids in place. The developer introduced sand and concrete into the soil, in order to "train" the roots of the plants to grow shallow and wide. This enables the plants to reach maturity easier. There is also a system in place that collects rainwater for irrigation purposes. Underneath of all of this is, of course, the rail yard. It contains 30 train tracks and three tunnels, with one more yet to come. The gateway tunnel, which is under construction, will connect New Jersey to Manhattan.
Hudson Yards is slowly shaping up to stand as perhaps the best new neighborhood in New York. With its many sights and amenities, as well as the embrace of technology, it is definitely a place many will wish to live in. While the project is not complete as of yet, it is slowly nearing its completion and is scheduled to be open to the public in 2019.


Castle Cream Ale is a Cream Ale by Castle Danger. It has an ABV of 5.3%. It has a rating of 4.4 out of 5 with 6 reviews.
"Really good brew. Very smooth."
"Liked it, but don't the love style. F. Tough loss for the Vikes."


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Home In The Know BusinessWhat Interac is doing to prevent fraud in Canada
What Interac is doing to prevent fraud in Canada
Rachel Jolicoeur
Director, Fraud Mitigation & Strategy
Having worked in the field of fraud prevention for most of my career, I'm well acquainted with the fact that crimes of deception are an unfortunate, but common, aspect of Canadian life.
Even still, I was struck by the results of a survey that Interac recently conducted in order to better understand the impact that fraud is having on Canadians. Six in 10 Canadians who took part in the Interac Fraud Prevention Index say they're more worried today about fraud than ever before.
Our study shows that Canadians are being targeted non-stop through a wide range of channels – phone, email, text and social media. Roughly half of participants reported that they or a family member have fallen victim to fraud. The problem reaches people of all ages, walks of life, and regions of the country.
(The survey reached 2,259 adult residents of Canada, and has a +/- margin of error of 2.5 per cent. Full results available here.)
Some of what we learned
The survey told us there are lots of things Canadians could be doing to protect themselves from fraud. Despite seven out of 10 respondents reporting high levels of confidence in their ability to spot a suspicious situation, many of the same people have engaged in behaviours that make them vulnerable — two in five have clicked a link from an unknown source, for example, and a third of respondents have used online banking while using a public WiFi connection.
The Interac Fraud Prevention Index does identify some regional differences, meanwhile: Text message fraud is most prevalent in Quebec and least in Atlantic Canada, for example. Identity theft is more common in Montreal than in Toronto or Vancouver.
Yet while the experience of fraud may differ from place to place and person to person, I think the survey results ultimately tell us that the problem touches every region and every demographic.
When any issue affects half the population of the country, it demands to be treated as an urgent priority. Thankfully, there are steps we can all take as individuals — at home and within the organizations we work for — in order to combat whatever scams and fraud attempts may target us.
What Interac is doing to combat fraud
At Interac, we believe education is the first line of defence, so we work diligently with our security partners to manage fraud risks and to arm Canadians with the information they need to spot, avoid and report scams. In recognition of the role we can play by using our platform to advance public education to fight fraud, Interac has worked with law enforcement agencies across Canada to communicate a "Stop, Scrutinize, Speak Up" approach to recognizing and foiling scams in our midst.
"Stop" means we're advising Canadians to take a moment to stop, think, and follow their instincts when they encounter a request for personal information — whether it comes from a phone call, an email, a text message or an unexpected money transfer, or any other way. (There have even been scams reported in Canada using Snapchat.)
"Scrutinize" means it's wise to look for the tell-tale signs of a scam when confronted with a situation that doesn't quite seem right. Outside advice may be called for; the Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre is an excellent place to educate oneself about what might be happening as well financial institutions and local law enforcement. People should remember that they can take their time and think before responding to any kind of unexpected message. There's never a reason to feel pressured into taking action — and indeed, pressure itself can be a sign of a fraudster at work.
Finally, "Speak Up" represents our advice to seek help when one suspects a fraud attempt. For example, we're reminding Canadians that if they've already provided sensitive information to a fraudster, they should immediately contact their bank or financial service provider through the number listed on their website or on the back of their payment card and report to the Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre.
What we can do together
The prevalence of scams can be sobering, as are many of the findings of the Interac Fraud Prevention Index. Yet there's one takeaway that can give us all hope: Seven in 10 Canadians want to know more about how to protect themselves and their families from fraud. I applaud that willingness to learn, especially since Canadians are the first line of defence in protecting themselves against fraud.
There are numerous resources available for Canadians to arm themselves against attempts to deceive them – your financial institution, the Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre, the CBA, and the Competition Bureau of Canada are all smart places to start.
If everyone works together to pool and share our knowledge, then Fraud Prevention Month can truly live up to its name and we really can prevent fraud from claiming more victims.
The digital economy is evolving quickly: Payments Canada trends report


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Tiffany Trump's Vacation To Eastern Europe Cost Taxpayers $23,000, Report Shows
Dia DipasupilGetty Images
First Daughter Tiffany Trump just took a week-long visit to Eastern Europe, and taxpayers helped to pick up $23,000 of the tab.
The fourth-oldest child of President Donald Trump recently made a visit to Belgrade, Serbia, with Secret Service agents in tow. As Quartz reported, the State Department reported that it spent $23,000 in support of Tiffany's travel.
As the report noted, the members of Donald Trump's immediate family are eligible for Secret Service protection, and because Trump has five children, the costs have been higher for this administration than past ones. That has led to some scrutiny for the Trump family, as the president's adult sons have incurred taxpayer costs for their business trips that benefited the Trump company.
A recent report from the Government Accountability Office found that there have been some high costs associated with Donald Trump Jr. and Eric Trump's travel.
"The congressional watchdog's report is the first official accounting of Trump's travel costs," noted NPR. "The report also found that the Secret Service spent nearly $400,000 protecting Trump's sons Donald Jr. and Eric on trips they took in January and February 2017. The costs of Trump's visits to Florida were calculated based on trips in February and March of that year."
The report also found that each of Donald Trump's golfing trips has cost taxpayers an estimated $3.4 million, mostly in travel and security costs. The total taxpayer cost for the entirely of Trump's presidency is now just under $100 million, as Trump has gone golfing at a rate higher than his predecessors.
Tiffany Trump shared some highlights of her trip on social media, including an Instagram post of her visit to Belgrade.
Поздрав из Србије ????????
A post shared by Tiffany Ariana Trump (@tiffanytrump) on Mar 12, 2019 at 5:25am PDT
Tiffany Trump has remained much quieter than her older siblings, who all have taken front-and-center positions both in the Trump company and the president's administration. By contrast, Tiffany has remained focused on her studies at Georgetown Law but has occasionally shown up on the New York City social scene where her father first gained fame.
Earlier this year, she and her mother, Marla Maples, showed up at a New York Fashion Week event. As Above the Law noted, the two were spotted in the front row at the Taoray Wang event, and Maples spoke about her daughter's busy schedule at law school.
"She's working so hard," Maples said. "I'm like, 'Honey, do we have time to eat?' And she's like, 'No, mom, I have to study.' That's how it is now, but I'm very, very proud of her."


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Q: Android AudioTrack.onPlaybackPositionUpdateListener not always firing on time I have noticed that AudioTrack.setPlaybackPositionUpdateListener() sometimes does not seem to work as intended (at least in Android Studio emulators from API 19-22).
I've made a little test program that has a button that when pressed, starts feeding an AudioTrack with one-second-long buffers of audio.
The AudioTrack is supposed to call back using onPeriodicNotification() which in turn flips the background color of the Activity and makes a Log.
Expected behavior:
The notification is sent and received more-or-less exactly every one second after having pressed the start button.
This does happen most of the time, but sometimes (seems to be mostly on API 19-22):
The first (after one-second) notification is missed/postponed, and instead we get two simultaneous notifications happening at two seconds.
Why is this happening?  Is there a better way to get a callback based on the playback head position?
The only reason I can think of is possibly a CPU frequency scaling issue as described around the 19:30 mark of this video.
MainActivity:
public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    View rootView;
    Button startButton;
    int initialBackgroundColor;
    boolean colorFlipper = false;
    boolean isPlaying = false;

    // AUDIO -------------
    AudioTrack audioTrack;
    int sampleRateInHz = 44100;
    int bufferSizeInBytes = 44100;
    byte[] silenceArray;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        rootView = findViewById(R.id.rootView);
        startButton = findViewById(R.id.startButton);
        initialBackgroundColor = rootView.getDrawingCacheBackgroundColor();

        // AUDIO -------------
        audioTrack = new AudioTrack(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, sampleRateInHz, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_MONO,
                AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT, bufferSizeInBytes, AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM);
        audioTrack.setPositionNotificationPeriod(44100); // this amounts to one second

        // create "dummy" (silent) sound... one second long
        silenceArray = new byte[bufferSizeInBytes];
        for (int i = 0; i < (bufferSizeInBytes-1); i++)
            silenceArray[i] = 0;

    }

    public void startPressed(View v) {
        boolean wasPlayingWhenPressed = startButton.isSelected();
        startButton.setSelected(!startButton.isSelected());
        if (wasPlayingWhenPressed) {
            stop();
            startButton.setText("START");
        } else {
            start();
            startButton.setText("STOP");
        }
    }

    private void start() {
        isPlaying = true;
        audioTrack.reloadStaticData();
        audioTrack.play();

        Runnable r = new Runnable() {
            public void run() {

                audioTrack.setPlaybackPositionUpdateListener(new AudioTrack.OnPlaybackPositionUpdateListener(){
                    @Override
                    public void onMarkerReached(AudioTrack arg0) {
                    }
                    @Override
                    public void onPeriodicNotification(AudioTrack arg0) {
                        // this *should* be called every second after play is pressed,
                        // but sometimes the first call is postponed and comes out
                        // simultaneously with the second call
                        Log.i("XXX","onPeriodicNotification() was called");
                        flipBackgroundColor();
                    }
                });

                while(isPlaying) {
                    audioTrack.write(silenceArray,0,silenceArray.length);
                }
            }
        };

        Thread backround_thread = new Thread(r);
        backround_thread.start();
    }

    private void stop() {

        isPlaying = false;
        audioTrack.stop();

    }

    private void flipBackgroundColor(){

        colorFlipper = !colorFlipper;
        if (colorFlipper) {
            rootView.setBackgroundColor(Color.RED);
        } else {
            rootView.setBackgroundColor(initialBackgroundColor);
        }

    }

}

activity_main.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/rootView"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/startButton"
        android:onClick="startPressed"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
        android:text="start"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

build.gradle:
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 27
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.example.boober.stackqaudiotrackcallback"
        minSdkVersion 19
        targetSdkVersion 27
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    implementation 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.1.0'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.2'
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
namespace lightfields {

/// Neighbourhood functor evaluation
class Neighbours {
  public:
	enum Type { k4, k8, k8Weighted };

	Neighbours(const V2i& size);
	virtual ~Neighbours();

	virtual void eval(const V2i& pos, const std::function<void(const V2i&, float)>& fn) const = 0;

	/// Factory enumerator
	static const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, Type>>& types();

	/// Factory method
	static std::unique_ptr<Neighbours> create(Type t, const V2i& size);

  protected:
	const V2i& size() const;

  private:
	V2i m_size;
};

}  // namespace lightfields

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Shocking report on obesity stuns scientists
The obesity epidemic just took an alarming new turn.
A stunning new report on obesity might change just how you perceive the health epidemic.
If you're not obese, you're going to become the minority at the rate things are going, says a new study that analyzes data from 186 countries, according to a Lancet statement.
The percentage of obese men have jumped by an absolutely massive amount between 1975 and 2014 — from 3.2 percent to 10.8 percent, and for women it increased from 6.4 percent to 14.9 percent.
Naturally, that meant negative things for the rate of underweight people, which fell from 13.8 percent to 8.8 percent for men, and 14.6 percent to 9.7 percent for women.
And things are only going to get worse based on current trends, the study says, predicting that 18 percent of men and 21 percent of women will be obese by 2025, and a whopping 6 percent of men and 9 percent of women will be very obese. That means that in just 10 years, there will be more severely obese people than underweight people worldwide.
South Asia had the highest underweight numbers at 23.4 percent for men and 24 percent for women.
"Over the past 40 years, we have changed from a world in which underweight prevalence was more than double that of obesity, to one in which more people are obese than underweight," senior author Professor Majid Ezzati from the School of Public Health at Imperial College London, London, UK, said in the statement. "If present trends continue, not only will the world not meet the obesity target of halting the rise in the prevalence of obesity at its 2010 level by 2025, but more women will be severely obese than underweight by 2025."
He added: "To avoid an epidemic of severe obesity, new policies that can slow down and stop the worldwide increase in body weight must be implemented quickly and rigorously evaluated, including smart food policies and improved health-care training."


text:
Dark stores and eCommerce evolution are the key differentiators for grocery's 'new normal'
With the UK's online grocery market set to reach a value of £17 billion, opportunities exist for businesses willing to adapt to and embrace this change.
Our Managing Director of Grocery and Consumer, James Hurrell, talks about why dark stores and a new approach to eCommerce offerings are essential for the 'new normal'.
This year's Christmas peak is set to provide a glimpse into the future for grocery retailers across the UK. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated growth in the sector, with the major outlets having to adjust to consumer behaviour that has leapt forward - with online and home delivery forecasts being pushed forward by more than two to three years.
Shoppers across the UK have been altering their habits over the past few years. Although eCommerce has been developing as the 'new normal' for some time, its grip on supermarkets has not been as tight as it has been in the wider retail market. But, lockdowns (both national and local), social distancing measures and guidance around face coverings have all impacted consumer experience, reducing the appeal of (and in some cases ability to) visit physical stores.
Because of this, grocers need to review and optimise their networks and operations to better serve an increased proportion of their customers. Options such as dark stores, micro-fulfilment centres and more robust online operations are no longer optional extras, they're an entry-level requirement.
2020: the year of online grocery shopping
According to Mintel, online grocery shopping in the UK is set to grow by around 33% by the end of 2020, reaching an estimated value of £16.8 billion. From a cynical view you could write this off as a false estimate due to necessity over choice during April and May, but Kantar found that online grocery shopping was up 77% year-on-year in through August and into September – despite the government-backed 'Eat Out to Help Out' initiative. We believe that this trend has crystalised into a permanent change – with further acceleration forecasted in lockdown 2.0.
Across the board the supermarket giants have noticed the surge in demand. In Q1, Tesco's overall eCommerce sales rose by 48% year-on-year (peaking at a 90% increase in May alone); while Sainsbury's enjoyed a 136% boost in June. This indicates a lasting shift, rather than a short-term boom (Retail Week).
An exciting future
The impact of this during peak season will be significant. Christmas 2020 is the first major spike facing grocers in the 'new normal', but the effects of COVID-19 and Brexit that will reach into 2021 may be greater tests.
Pop-up fulfilment centres are a solution for the short-term, but a move towards large dark stores is the ultimate solution, particularly in urban areas with large volumes of deliveries. Wincanton has expanded into this space recently by partnering with Waitrose.com to open a fulfilment centre in West London to serve its online consumers. This is a major shift for both businesses, with Waitrose reacting to clear trends in the market and Wincanton using its expertise and experience in eCommerce to provide a solution that suits changing consumer behaviour; in the process becoming the first UK 3PL to run such an operation.
This is an exciting vision into the future of UK grocery logistics. Large facilities designed to increase efficiency and improve experience are a logical step for grocers that have been using methods such as in-store picking to fulfil online orders alongside traditional activity.
For the major supermarkets to be all things, to all consumers, in all channels, there needs to be a mixture of different methods. Dark stores are among the most efficient ways of serving densely populated areas with large volumes of deliveries, but hybrid approaches such as in-store picking on traditional shop floors can make sense. Equally, repurposed retail and/or logistics facilities could provide ideal bases for home delivery or click-and-collect networks, especially if drops in footfall continue through 2021.
One thing that is certain though is the need for robust supply chains and facilities that are ready for potential disruption. Collaborating with logistics providers or even direct competitors is making more and more sense in a landscape that's changing quickly. From shared distribution networks through to partnerships with businesses that have clear mutual benefits, collaboration is creating first-mover advantage opportunities.
As we've seen through the COVID-19 pandemic, nobody can truly go it alone; both in everyday life and business. There's a massive opportunity for all of the actors in the grocery supply chain to partner in new ways and position themselves to thrive in a new landscape.
CONTACT OUR GROCERY EXPERTS
All Thought leadership
Have a supply chain question, need some help, or just want a chat? Contact Wincanton today.
Wincanton expands its relationship with DHSC with kitting operation
How Wincanton is transforming eFulfilment with autonomous mobile robots
How Wincanton is using artificial intelligence to make the warehouse a safer place to work


text:
Home › Entertainment › Film and TV › News
Rylan Clark-Neal says charity visit will motivate him during karaoke challenge
The presenter will be singing for 24 hours to raise money for BBC Children in Need.
Rylan Clark-Neal will be doing karaoke for 24 hours (BBC)
By Kerri-Ann Roper, PA Entertainment Editor
Rylan Clark-Neal has said his recent visit to a youth club in Essex will spur him on during his upcoming 24-hour charity challenge.
https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/film-tv/news/rylan-clark-neal-says-charity-visit-will-motivate-him-during-karaoke-challenge-38673561.html
https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/film-tv/news/c2a80/38673558.ece/AUTOCROP/h342/bpanews_b6d14acd-c98f-4c3a-9204-6384b935a714_1
The presenter, 31, will be singing karaoke for 24 hours to raise money for BBC Children In Need.
Ahead of the challenge he visited a Triple T youth club, which is a weekly club provided by the Southend Association of Voluntary Services (Turning Tides).
Rylan Clark-Neal will be doing karaoke for 224 hours BBC).
He said: "It was amazing and do you know what, I didn't actually think about this when I signed up to do this.
"I didn't really think that I would need that, but actually visiting the project and meeting all the kids and volunteers and speaking to them and understanding how much this money impacts their lives, when I am sort of dying at four o' clock in the morning trying to garble together a song I know what I'm doing it for now".
During his visit he took part in some arts and crafts and also participated in a few games including Hungry Hippos and Dodgeball.
The Southend Association of Voluntary Services (Turning Tides) is one of the projects funded by Children in Need.
It benefits from a three-year grant to provide three weekly Triple T clubs for disadvantaged young people in Southend.
Radio 2 DJ Clark-Neal will also be joined by a few famous faces during his singing challenge.
The challenge follows a 24-hour danceathon done by Tess Daly and Claudia Winkleman for Comic Relief last year, but Clark-Neal said he will not be asking them for advice.
He said: "My training is to forget about it because if I think about it too much… I remember I spoke to Tess and Claudia when they did the 24-hour danceathon for Comic Relief and they are two people I will not talk to about this because I know they will probably talk me out of it!"
The news is out . I'll be doing a 24hour KaRYoke-athon for @bbccin on Tuesday 12th November on @bbcradio2 and streamed live on the BBC red button. DREADING THIS
A post shared by RYLAN (@rylan) on Oct 8, 2019 at 12:26am PDT
The karaoke challenge begins at the end of the Zoe Ball Breakfast show 9am on November 12 and will take place at Radio 2's studios in London.
It will be broadcast on BBC Radio 2 and BBC Sounds, and streamed live on the BBC Red Button, where viewers will be able to see Clark-Neal and his guests performing.
The It Takes Two presenter added: "At the moment I have no idea what songs I'll be singing, or who will be joining me on the day, or what outfits I'll be wearing – I'm being kept in the dark for the moment and it's all a surprise.
"But my go to karaoke song would have to be Craig David Fill Me In – so let's hope that one comes up! My absolute dream karaoke duet partners would be all five of the Spice Girls, obviously – but to be honest I usually sing with whoever is willing to take me!".


This blog is now running on OpenBSD 5.0. Too bad php-fpm didn't get to 5.0.
The upgrade process went without any problems. Upgrading packages also went relatively well apart of php being a failure because of change to infrastructure (which allowed multiple versions to be installed). Otherwise everything upgraded without hitch and finished quickly. Sure is nice depart from FreeBSD's ports which takes hours to update a package (upgrading system is relatively quick though using freebsd-update).
Unless there's critical security vulnerability or something happened to the datacenter, I expect there will be no reboot until next upgrade (6 month uptime). We will see.
This entry was posted in commentary, tech and tagged freebsd, openbsd, php by nanaya. Bookmark the permalink.
Shucks, I still haven't rebooted my 4.8 box since install..


ディズニープリンセス Which version of the song Beauty and the Beast do あなた prefer?
Which version of the Mob Song/Kill the Beast do you prefer?
Which song added to the remakes do you like more?
If Aida became a Disney Princess, what hairstyle would you want her to have?
If Aida became a Disney Princess, what formal Egyptian gown would you want for her to have?
If Aida became a Disney Princess, what traditional Ethiopian/Nubian outfit would you want her to have?


We have gift vouchers available too.
These make a great present for dog loving friends and family.
They can be purchased in denominations of £10, £25, £50 and £100 and can be combined to make up the amount you require.
They can be posted to you or directly to the recipient with a personalised message of your choice. They are presented in a beautiful, thick envelope with a contrasting ribbon and dispatched in a separate envelope.


text:
package org.apache.commons.ognl.test;

import org.apache.commons.ognl.MethodFailedException;
import org.apache.commons.ognl.NoSuchPropertyException;
import org.apache.commons.ognl.test.objects.IndexedSetObject;
import org.apache.commons.ognl.test.objects.Root;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;

@RunWith(value = Parameterized.class)
public class IndexAccessTest
    extends OgnlTestCase
{

    private static final Root ROOT = new Root();

    private static final IndexedSetObject INDEXED_SET = new IndexedSetObject();

    private static final Object[][] TESTS =
        {
            { ROOT, "list[index]", ROOT.getList().get( ROOT.getIndex() ) },
            { ROOT, "list[objectIndex]", ROOT.getList().get( ROOT.getObjectIndex().intValue() ) },
            { ROOT, "array[objectIndex]", ROOT.getArray()[ROOT.getObjectIndex().intValue()] },
            { ROOT, "array[getObjectIndex()]", ROOT.getArray()[ROOT.getObjectIndex().intValue()] },
            { ROOT, "array[genericIndex]", ROOT.getArray()[( (Integer) ROOT.getGenericIndex() ).intValue()] },
            { ROOT, "booleanArray[self.objectIndex]", Boolean.FALSE },
            { ROOT, "booleanArray[getObjectIndex()]", Boolean.FALSE },
            { ROOT, "booleanArray[nullIndex]", NoSuchPropertyException.class },
            { ROOT, "list[size() - 1]", MethodFailedException.class },
            { ROOT, "(index == (array.length - 3)) ? 'toggle toggleSelected' : 'toggle'", "toggle toggleSelected" },
            { ROOT, "\"return toggleDisplay('excdisplay\"+index+\"', this)\"",
                "return toggleDisplay('excdisplay1', this)" }, { ROOT, "map[mapKey].split('=')[0]", "StringStuff" },
            { ROOT, "booleanValues[index1][index2]", Boolean.FALSE },
            { ROOT, "tab.searchCriteria[index1].displayName", "Woodland creatures" },
            { ROOT, "tab.searchCriteriaSelections[index1][index2]", Boolean.TRUE },
            { ROOT, "tab.searchCriteriaSelections[index1][index2]", Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE, Boolean.FALSE },
            { ROOT, "map['bar'].value", 100, 50, 50 }, { INDEXED_SET, "thing[\"x\"].val", 1, 2, 2 } };

    /*
     * =================================================================== Public static methods
     * ===================================================================
     */
    @Parameters
    public static Collection<Object[]> data()
    {
        Collection<Object[]> data = new ArrayList<Object[]>(TESTS.length);
        for (Object[] element : TESTS) {
            Object[] tmp = new Object[6];
            tmp[0] = element[1];
            tmp[1] = element[0];
            tmp[2] = element[1];
            tmp[3] = element[2];

            if ( element.length == 5 )
            {
                tmp[4] = element[3];
                tmp[5] = element[4];
            }

            data.add( tmp );
        }
        return data;
    }

    /*
     * =================================================================== Constructors
     * ===================================================================
     */
    public IndexAccessTest( String name, Object root, String expressionString, Object expectedResult, Object setValue,
                            Object expectedAfterSetResult )
    {
        super( name, root, expressionString, expectedResult, setValue, expectedAfterSetResult );
    }
}


All the beautiful Horses is the 1st novel in Cormac McCarthy's Border Trilogy. The younger John Grady Cole and his partners trip from Texas via Mexico as orphans of varieties, and during their struggles for his or her horses, with the legislations, and with a landowning Mexican relations, they shuttle towards adulthood. because the first in a chain, it starts to bare John Grady Cole's personality and offers the lack of the West, for Cole eventually loses love and takes his position as a lone determine, on a horse, at the American panorama. The publication was once tailored for the display in 2000.
This riveting debut number of brief fiction approximately girls police officers comes from the author's real–life adventure as a Baton Rouge police officer. In a completely clean and specific voice, those tales show the humanity, compassion, humour, tragedy and redemption hidden in the back of the "blue wall. " something you assert Can and may Be Used opposed to You centres at the lives of 5 woman cops.
Ross Monroe is a boxing railwayman with a weak point for get-rich-quick schemes. Kate Lyle is a headstrong younger girl eager to get away a nightmarish loved ones. As mid-century India sheds its colonial pores and skin and the shadow of violence rises, those younger fanatics locate themselves dealing with their very own "tryst with future.
Beautiful, hypnotic, spare, The Seal spouse is the masterly new novel through Kathryn Harrison, "a author of remarkable presents" (Tobias Wolff). Set in Alaska in 1915, it tells the tale of a tender scientist's eating love for a girl referred to as the Aleut, a lady who by no means speaks, who refuses to bare quite a bit as her identify.
With this quantity Dr. Thompson and Mrs. Harris finish the tale of U. S. military sign Corps operations in international struggle II. the end result is essentially successful tale, because it alternatives up in 1943 and incorporates on previous V-J Day. Of the entire technical providers, the sign Corps used to be least ready for warfare in 1941. yet via mid-war the Corps was once working successfully at domestic and around the globe.
Rurales (Spanish) What crime is (Spanish) He has killed a man? (Spanish) country guys. • coursed ran. • Quita las esposas (Spanish) Take the handcuffs off. • Somos vaqueros (Spanish) We are cowboys. • marca (Spanish) brand. • factura (Spanish) registered papers. • cazador (Spanish) hunter. • charro (Spanish) Mexican cowboy; picturesque. • Sólo el chico (Spanish) only the boy. • Están esperando. • quinta (Spanish) They are waiting. (Spanish) country house. • paseos (Spanish) strolls, walks. • Se llama la periquera.
Another obvious reason for their imprisonment is John Grady's lie to Don Hector about coming from Texas alone, just the two of them. Although it is only one lie, it has terrible consequences. The lesson here should not go unheeded. Rawlins, of course, thinks that the affair with Alejandra is what has landed them in trouble. He tells John Grady that, when the militia came for him in the night, he asked them if Rocha were awake and they laughed at him and said he'd been awake a long time. 51 The Romeo and Juliet parallel in this novel is quite interesting.
Then the inevitable love affair, initiated by the dark, passionate girl, begins. But at the end of the chapter the two young men are dragged away at daybreak in handcuffs. What happened to their almost perfect world? In the interview with Rocha, after the breaking of the horses and when John Grady is being considered for the horse breeding position, John Grady is asked if it was just the two of them who rode from Texas. For some unknown reason, John Grady, who is so honest about his abilities and in general very honorable, lies.


text:
Russian Su-57 Fighters to Get Hypersonic Missiles Similar to Kinzhal
02:35 PM, December 6, 2018
Sukhoi Su-57 (Sergei Bobylev,TASS)
Russia's Su-57 fifth generation fighter jet will be equipped with hypersonic missiles with characteristics similar to that of the Kh-47M2 'Kinzhal' nuclear-capable air-launched ballistic missile.
"In accordance with Russia's State Armament Program for 2018-2027, Su-57 jet fighters will be equipped with hypersonic missiles. The jet fighters will receive missiles with characteristics similar to that of Kinzhal missiles, but with inter-body placement and smaller size," TASS quoted an unnamed source from the aircraft industry as saying on Thursday.
No official confirmation of this information was obtained by TASS. Russian Aerospace Defense Forces' MiG-31K jet fighters are equipped with Kinzhal hypersonic missiles. Kinzhal missiles are impossible to detect with modern air defense systems. Their range exceeds 2,000 km, the report said.
The Kinzhal missile was designed on the basis of Iskander ground-based missile defense systems, the source said.
Russia Tests Iskander-M Ballistic Missile Systems
December 6, 2018 @ 01:51 PM
Russia tested Iskander-M tactical ballistic missile systems in the Southern province of Astrakhan region. "Iskander-M tactical ballistic missile systems were successfully tested at the Kapustin Yar Range in the Astrakhan Region
Russian Helicopters Details Military Helicopter MRO Center in Egypt
Russian Helicopters is completing the maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) center for its Mi-8/17 helicopters based at Egyptian Helwan Factory for Developed Industries (HFDI) facility. The Company is to certify the MRO center in Egypt in...
Russia Accused of Cyber-Attacks on Czech Foreign Ministry
December 5, 2018 @ 07:52 AM
In the annual Security Information Service (BIS) report published Monday, the Czech Republic has accused Russian Intelligence services of carrying out last years cyber-attacks targeting the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). Russian espionage group of...
Russian Su-57 Jet to Get New Engine, Hypersonic Weapons From 2027
Russias fifth-generation Su-57 fighter jet will be equipped with a new higher thrust engine besides being armed with hypersonic missiles by 2027. About 25 aircraft out of 76 aircraft being manufactured under the long-term contract already...
Russian Air Force to Receive First Serial-produced Su-57 Fighter Jet This Year
The Russian Air Force will receive the first serial-produced Sukhoi Su-57 fifth-generation fighter jet in 2019. "If we speak about the Su-57 program, we are today at the stage of manufacturing the first serial planes
New Contract For Russian Su-57 Fighter Jets Likely To Be Signed In...
Russia is set to sign a second contract for manufacturing 13 Sukhoi Su-57 fighter jets for its armed forces in 2020, according to TASS report. "In 2020, we plan to sign the second contract to manufacture...
HAL's Light Utility Helicopter Project Close to Production Clearance
Indian HALs Light Utility Helicopter (LUH) project moved closer to production clearance with the flight of the third prototype yesterday, which is built to the standard of deliverable configuration. HAL flew the third prototype (PT3) for...
Reliability of Russian Su-35, Su-30 Fighter Jets in Syria Up to 4...
Russia achieved excess of three to four times of projected levels of reliability indicators of its Su-35 and Su-30SM fighter aircraft operating in Syria, the countrys Deputy Prime Minister Yury Borisov has said. "The achieved reliability...


text:
Q: integral of the sum I am trying to integrate the following sum. I need to get at least first 5 terms (using math or computer). I've tryed wolfram alpha online-did not work. I should find
$$
\int_0^\infty \sum_{j=0}^\infty c_jx^{2j}e^{-\frac{x^2}{6}} \;dx,
$$
where
$$
c_j =\sum_{ m=0}^j\frac{b_m}{6^{j−m}(j−m)!}
$$
(here $b_m =0$  for $4m>(k−1)n $) and
$$b_m =(−1)^m n!\sum_{ n=n_1 +\cdots+n_k} \quad\sum_{m=n_2 +2n_3 +\cdots+(k−1)n_k}\frac{  1}{\prod_{i=1}^{k}[(2i−1)!n_i !]}  .
$$
 (I.e. In the formula for $b_m$   the sum on the RHS is taken over all possible collections of subscripts $n_1 ,\ldots,n_k$   such that $n_1 +\cdots+n_k =n$  and $n_2 +2n_3 +3n_4 +\cdots+(k−1)n_k =m$ .)