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#SundayBlogShare – Impressions of Cornwall on my Cornea… 🐚🌊⚓
April 10, 2016 / ginnyburges	/ Leave a comment
Well, strictly speaking I guess it should be retina, but it doesn't quite have the same ring to it! After a week exploring yet more of south Cornwall I felt compelled to pen some prose about all things Cornish.
Cornwall reminds you in sometimes very bleak, stark terms, that away from urban spaces humans are vulnerable. Exposed to the elements we are at the mercy of nature, but for the most part, we are furnished beyond measure with every conceivable bucolic blessing.
Ancient, Celtic landscape demands attention and respect,
Ethereal, translucent light, any roaming spirit lifts,
Illuminating land of lighthouses, coast of craggy cliffs,
Treacherous, rocky graveyards to long wrecked ships,
Barrels of rum and sailors drowned, washed ashore…
Looking out to the Longships Lighthouse at Land's End
Cold Celtic sea pounds sandy, surf-battered beaches,
Rolling waves – inevitable – powerful, break again and again…
Spewing white, foamy fingers as they meet rock and grain,
No land can defy its constant relentless erosion,
Every crash roars 'brave me if you dare'!
Stunning sights around every curve, inlet and bay,
Quaint fishing harbours safely enclose painted boats,
Peeling, wooden hulls bobbing, heeling, always afloat
Gulls swoop and cry over glassy, glinting ripples
Delight in pasties, Cornish-cream teas and ice-cream.
Pretty Porthleven Harbour
For respite from epic, elemental coastal landscapes,
Seek out misty moors, carpeted with prickly heather,
Inviting inns provide shelter from inclement weather,
Discover the literary heritage of a proud pirate past,
It's every hiker's trail and a smuggler's paradise.
Gunwalloe Church Cove
Half ruined, silent chimneys protrude from green meadows
Home to birds, since their halcyon days of mining,
Rich seams of copper and tin, now empty lining
Deep shafts delve down from deserted engine houses
The wheals closed, bereft of investment and profit.
Wheal Coates, St. Agnes
Windy lanes and high hedgerows separate patchwork fields,
Undulating hills adorned by herds of carefree cows,
Gnarled old trees hold secrets in their boughs,
Lost gardens, manicured lawns, flower filled biospheres,
Yet more views beckon to greedy irises…
Hidden horseshoe coves bask in sun and breeze,
Secret caves found, as gushing, tidal oceans bare,
Invigorate senses, inhale pure, salt infused air,
Tingling droplets moisten parched, urban skin
Sweet scent of the sea fills burgeoning lungs.
Lofty, stone towers and Church spires are dwarfed,
By tall wind turbines, with sharp white blades,
Solar panels reflect and fill farmers' glades,
Ancient, rooted, mossy riverbanks trickle by unhindered,
Revel in her diversity and ever present views.
Irreverent skies change like chameleons, clear one moment,
Foreboding the next; clouds morphing into gangsters,
Cotton white puffs swell into angry grey monsters
Filling your vision as they darken and loom,
Ready to suddenly release their vast, watery weight.
Land before time; shaped by eons of cosmic forces.
Iconic, coastal scenery captures hearts and imagination,
Last bastion of English Riviera, gritty, island nation,
Before I depart, Cornwall bestows her treasure:
A lasting impression on my cornea…
View towards the Minack Theatre from Porthcurno Beach
Cornish Dreams and Ice creams
August 17, 2015 August 17, 2015 / ginnyburges	/ Leave a comment
"Cornwall is very primeval: great, black, jutting cliffs and rocks, like the original darkness, and a pale sea breaking in, like dawn. It is like the beginning of the world, wonderful…" ~ D. H. Lawrence
I've only been back home for a day, but now that I've unpacked and caught up with most of the laundry I thought I'd share some of our holiday experiences and wax lyrical about the many charms of Cornwall while it's still vivid in my mind.
I also have a new craving, well, strictly two: Cornish ice cream and cream teas.
Cliffs at Lizard Point.
We got to see some of the legendary Cornish coast, with its dramatic, flower covered cliffs, clear, azure seas, surfing beaches and small sandy coves, abandoned and ruined tin mines, undulating fields with cows aplenty, the occasional hungry seal, and, as is the case with most visitors to the south west of Cornwall, a windswept photo opportunity at Land's End, Britain's westernmost point.
Poldark Locations
One of the things about the latest BBC adaptation of the eponymous Graham Winston novels (apart from the rugged looks and solid acting of Aidan Turner as Ross Poldark), that has captured my imagination has been the stunning locations.
View from the church towards Gunwalloe Cove
I was naive enough to think it was shot in one area, but in reality there were 14 different Poldark filming locations throughout Cornwall; and being something of a period drama fan I was glad to see three of them during my stay.
The first location was Gunwalloe Church Cove on The Lizard (a really stunning but treacherous stretch of coastline), that has a small medieval church to the right of the beach. As well as being the site of many real-life shipwrecks, this was the beach where they filmed the night-time scene of Ross and the villagers helping themselves to the spoils of a Warleggan shipwreck.
Here is the scene shot on Gunwalloe Cove from the current Poldark series:
It seemed entirely plausible to me, we were there in early August, the sky was vanquished behind foreboding dark clouds, the wind was biting and relentless, the roar of the ocean as the waves crashed onto the beach approaching high-tide was immense. So much for summer!
Cliffs on either side of the beach provided rocks for rough seas to pound as well as potential caves.
It was also the first time my daughters had ventured into the surf, clad in their new, unbaptised wetsuits, armed with determination, excitement and curiosity to try body-boarding. In reality the brutally cold temperatures and power of the Atlantic Ocean prohibited such an activity for my little dudettes, but they did wade in up to their knees and let the tide chase them, screaming and whooping onto the beach.
Later in the week when the weather had improved we ventured back to the Lizard Peninsula and to the supremely beautiful Kynance Cove and another filming location – Lizard Point (the most southerly point in England).
Kynance Cove at high tide
A large white lighthouse and museum sit at the top of the headland, and if you wander down to the edge of the cliff and down into bay there is an old Lifeboat station (built in 1914), with an interesting history depicted on its doors. The girls sunned themselves here for a while…
View from the old lifeboat station at Lizard Point.
Chatting to the owner of the delightful café with an outdoor terrace offering a great view of the bay, we learnt that he had trained the local seagulls to fly to a nearby field where he feeds them twice a day.
We didn't get dive-bombed, see or hear a single gull whilst having our delectable cream-tea. It could be a possible solution for the beleaguered tourists and locals in St. Ives, who have to endure birds with a penchant for Hitchcock type behaviour towards people and their food!!
On the last day, with the car packed-up and bursting at the seams, we headed out to the mining town of St. Agnes on the north coast between St. Ives and Newquay. It's a very pretty village with a nice beach, and you can drive just out of the town up to St. Agnes Head: a heather clad heathland bluff, providing dramatic views towards St. Ives in the distance and also north up the coast.
The scent wafting from the heather as I wandered along the cliff footpath was delightful, as was the vibrant hues of pink, purple, violet and yellow of these ubiquitous and hardy flowers, which contrasted beautifully with the bright blue ocean and spewing white foam of the waves against rocks.
I tentatively climbed onto the stone ledge to take this shot!
Also near St. Agnes is the historic site of Wheal Coates, a tin and copper mine on the site of mines dating back to the 16oo's.
However, the Victorian mine was permanently closed down in 1914. The coastal views of the Towanroath Engine House (a grade II listed building), perching on the side of the cliff with the surf crashing onto Porthtowan and Chapel Porth Beaches below just took my breath away.
Towanroath Engine House
I suspect the impressive view and pristine coastline was not at the forefront of the miners' minds as they toiled in what would have been trying conditions.
Coastal view from St. Agnes Head
Some of the other filming locations that I didn't get time to see were the World Heritage Botallack Mine, Levant Mine and West Wheal Owles in St. Just, Pedn Vounder Beach, Stepper Point, St. Breward and Bodmin Moor and Charlestown Harbour (perfect as the 18th century Falmouth Harbour).
Land's End – 301 miles from home
We arrived here at about 6.30 pm, perfect timing to avoid the crowds. I hadn't been back to visit Land's End since my first trip when I was eighteen, and found that there was a lot more here to entice families than just a sign.
There is a hotel and restaurant perched on the hill, as well as a small Aardman Animation 'Shaun the Sheep' theme park and gift shops which were thankfully all closed up by the time we arrived.
Also the site of many a shipwreck, the Long Rocks Lighthouse gives out light every ten seconds these days, and we stared in awe at the sheer bracing, rugged beauty of the place.
Long Rocks Lighthouse beneath the sun at Land's End.
We decided to stay and have dinner at the hotel so that we could watch the sunset. The skies had been clear when we arrived, but as the sun gradually sank into the horizon it became mostly masked by cloud. It was still a magical evening.
This popular seaside town nestles into a protected horseshoe harbour, and comprises many steep, narrow lanes lined with art galleries, boutiques, gift shops, surfing outlets, pasty shops (you haven't lived until you've tried one from Pengenna), although tasty, it was so huge I could barely finish it. The local ice cream is to die for, and the town is bustling with tourists, artists, surfers and families. There isn't much room for the crowds and the cars, so it can get a bit hairy with young children.
The pristine Carbis Bay
Parking is a total headache, and on the second day we were there we parked in a church car park just up from the Carbis Bay British Rail station and got the train into St. Ives. This has to be the most scenic train station in the UK. It pulls up behind a large sandy beach and you can walk from there to the centre of St. Ives in about ten minutes.
We spent quite a few hours on the crowded but very nice Porthmeor Beach, full of sunbathers and body surfers alike. Emily and Ruby managed to get their first taste of riding a wave and seem to have become adrenaline junkies overnight!
We'll have to do the Shanty Baba evening Pirate Ghost story and walk next time we're there.
Our boat trip to Seal Island wasn't the highlight of our holiday, but I suspect it will be long remembered. We booked onto a later trip thinking it would be fun to go out in calm seas (it had been a gorgeous day up to that point), but by 4.45pm when we stood on the harbour wall watching three local seals who had ventured into the shallows and were bobbing up for fresh fish being thrown down to them by the locals, wondering if it was worth an hour and a half out at sea when they were literally at our feet!
Emily doing her seal impression.
It turned out that our doubts were founded, as our boat, the Cornish Crest, was a small fishing vessel that was both uncomfortable and slow, and by now the seas had grown choppy so we got quite wet too. We sat patiently as our cheerful captain skilfully took us out to Godrevy Lighthouse instead of Seal Island due to the worsening conditions.
Godrevy Lighthouse St. Ives
Bigger, faster, more comfortable boats sped past us. When we reached the rocks off the lighthouse we caught a glimpse of two black heads barely above the waves, and I couldn't wait for the boat to turn around and take us back to the harbour. What with the cool wind whipping around us, the waves sloshing over the side and the lack of seals it was an experience that left us wishing we had stayed on the beach!
Mugs of creamy hot chocolate and homemade food at Pels Café on the harbour front helped to warm us up as we quickly readjusted to having our land legs back…
The Eden Project
The whole of Cornwall was drenched under a massive downpour on the Thursday, so after a lazy morning we visited the Eden Project near St. Austell. Lovingly nurtured from a disused giant china clay pit, the ecological vision of the charity's creators has achieved astounding success. We spent a few fun and educational hours wandering through the massive biospheres and around the moving, lifelike dinosaur exhibit, which really captured their iamginations.
It was wonderful strolling through the world's biggest greenhouse, home to the world's largest indoor rainforest, hearing the rain pelting onto the biosphere.
It was hot and steamy inside, so raincoats and jumpers came swiftly off.
The girls absolutely loved it, and the word "awesome" was frequently used. I managed to get onto the sky walk viewing platform before it closed, which offers panoramic views across the dome. It's somewhat disconcerting though, that the steps sway as you climb high above the green canopy.
Don't look down!
It was wonderful for adults and especially children, to learn about coffee, tea, chilli, cocoa, banana, the fair trade concept and the importance of the rainforest in the planet's ecosystem. I even saw a Trumpet Tree which was consumed by natives as a pick-me up and appetite suppressant stronger than coffee.
Model dinosaurs caught up with us in the Mediterranean biosphere, which really captured their imaginations. All in all a great day out, despite the many visitors and the wet conditions.
A week isn't long enough to explore the many spectacular beaches, coastal walks, historic houses, harbours, tin mines and many other attractions.
We spent some time on Holywell Bay before driving home, the surf was impressive. A taster of Cornwall's best beaches:
I have a great excuse to go back in the not too distant future…
When I get a chance I'll add a small photo gallery of some of the sights.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Gays with HIV are reinfected more by hepatitis C than drug users | Society
The cure of hepatitis C it does not protect for future infections. A study carried out in the Community of Madrid with data of people who were infected – and diagnosed – by HIV and the liver virus has shown that about 0.7% returned to contract hepatitis C shortly after finishing the treatment that they received. cured of the disease (the new antivirals began to be administered in November 2014 and the study closed the report on December 31, 2018). The work has published Magazine AIDS. Both viruses appear frequently simultaneously in people since the transmission routes are the same: currently, unprotected sex and share syringes (There used to be cases of transfusions or transplants, but these are easily avoided now). Read more about treating AIDS as a virus.
The sample collects data from 21 of the 25 hospitals in the community, and is a study that reviews the cases of people who received a cure for hepatitis C since November 2014, explains Juan Berenguer, of the Infectious Service of the Gregorio Marañón Hospital. of Madrid and first signatory of the work. When the data are broken down by transmission, it can be seen that the percentages of reinfected persons vary enormously: of the 1,636 people who were included in the work, 0.34% of those who defined themselves as drug users were reinfected (5 of 1,459 ) and 6.78% (12 of 177) of those who were included in the category of men who have sex with men (MSM).
Of the traditional drug users who reacquired hepatitis C, four admitted that they had injected later, and one died before the data collection was finished.
Among MSM, the rate is close to "the highest in Europe," says Berenguer. The 12 that were re-infected reported that they had had unprotected sex with several couples, 7 of them indicated that they had participated in prolonged sex sessions due to the use of narcotics and generally in groups (which in the slang it is called chemsex) and four resorted to injected drugs (mephedrone or methamphetamine) during relationships (slam) Several presented other sexually transmitted diseases. This last practice indicates that the distinction between the transmission routes between drug users and men with gay sex is blurring.
Berenguer explains that there has been some case of a person who in the four years of the study has been reinfected by the hepatitis C virus two or more times. This could lead you to think if it is worth giving them a treatment that, although its price has dropped a lot (currently it is administered for just over 10,000 euros), it still has a cost for public health. But the doctor says that, apart from offering advice and help to change their behavior, the experience of countries such as the Netherlands and Switzerland shows that "treat everyone, these cases included, in the end comes to mind."
This is due to a fact that the researchers have detected in the work: by increasing the number of people treated (in Spain they are already more than 120,000, including those with HIV, and those that do not, according to data from the National Federation of Patients and Liver Transplants, FNETH), the proportion of reinfections decreases. That is, these 17 people are not distributed equally in the four years, but there are more at the beginning. And that has a simple explanation: although they maintain risky behaviors (some even during the time they are receiving treatment for hepatitis C, which results in the median time between healing and the detection of relapse in the infection of 15 weeks, less than four months), the probability of coinciding with other people with the active virus decreases as the cured ones increase. That is why it advocates that it be diagnosed and treated from the moment of diagnosis.
Tags: 7, c, cure, drug, gay, hepatic, hepatitis, HIV, reinfect, relapse, study, to show, user, virus
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The African Economic Outlook, a joint project of the African Development Bank and the OECD Development Centre, is an annual review of the recent economic situation and the likely short-term evolution of selected African countries.
The analysis is presented on a country-by-country basis using a unique analytical design. This common framework includes a forecasting exercise for the current and the two following years using a simple macroeconomic model, together with an analysis of the social and political context. It also contains a comparative synthesis of African country prospects, placing the evolution of African economies in the world economic context. A statistical appendix completes the volume.
"OECD has prepared a thorough report on the economic situation in Africa."


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AquaTru® Beyond Filtration
The Ten Scariest Toxins Lurking In Your Tap Water
Peter Spiegel
A decade ago, 90% of the country's drinking water supply was healthy. By 2017, the Environmental Working Group (EWG) reported a very different statistic: nearly 67%, or almost 2/3 of all Americans, are living without a safe and healthy water supply. That's over 200 million Americans, and every state in the country has water that is in violation of federal safety regulations.
While there are numerous toxins lurking in tap water, these are ten of the scariest, most widespread and most dangerous:
1. Arsenic: 70 million Americans in 48 states are drinking tap water tainted with arsenic. While the EPA standards for safety are set at 10 parts per billion, water distribution centers in 32 states still aren't meeting that standard. The problem is contaminated soil. The arsenic used in industrial manufacturing leaches into the soil, the ground water, and eventually, the drinking water. Along with being a well-known poison, small amounts can cause several types of cancers in adults, and developmental delays in children.
2. Chlorine: While chlorine kills pathogens in water, it's a Pyrrhic victory, because the chlorine itself is so dangerous. It's been linked to higher levels of: cancer, including a 50-100% increased risk of gastrointestinal cancer; birth defects; and heart attacks. Chlorine bonds with microscopic particles called trihalomethanes, or THMs, in the water, which produces the free radicals that cause oxidative stress and cell damage. Even in the absence of THMs, chlorine is dangerous, contributing to respiratory illness, memory loss, and balance issues.
3. Chloroform: While most people probably don't expect to find the precursor to modern anesthesia in their drinking water, for 220 million people in 48 states, it's there. Chloroform isn't added directly to the water, but chlorine is-and chloroform is a by-product of chlorine combining with water. In spite of the fact that it increases the risk of cancer and can damage the nervous system, the government allows for 80 parts per billion to be detected in the water supply. However, the problem with this cap is that it is 100 times greater than the levels known to cause health problems.
4. Chromium-6: The chemical at the center of the Brockovich story can still be found in water supplies, only now it's been found in all 50 states, and affects more than 200 million people. That's approximately 2/3 of the nation's population. A known carcinogen, chromium-6 can also cause burns, pneumonia, and difficulties during childbirth.
5. Fluoride: While adding fluoride to the water supply in the 1940s may have made sense, the state of nutrition, education, and oral health has improved enough since then that the risks no longer outweigh the benefits of fluoridated drinking water. Separate studies conducted around the globe have linked the neurotoxin to lower IQ's and developmental delays in children. Here in the U.S., fluoride has been linked to the rise of ADHA in children and adolescents-yet the CDC wants to increase the number of water systems tainted with fluoride to nearly 80% by 2020.
6. Lead: The threat posed to children from lead exposure has been well-documented, but little attention has been paid to the damage that can be done to adults. Along with the developmental delays, brain damage, and physical disabilities children face, lead exposure can also result in organ damage, prostate cancer, and reproductive issues in adults. Yet the EPA is now delaying strengthening the regulations that would prevent further lead poisoning in the future.
7. Perchlorate: Perchlorate, an ingredient in rocket and jet fuel, is so wide-spread that it has contaminated the soil, the food supply, and/or the drinking water of almost every single community in 49 states and Washington D.C. It's spread, in part, when the rocket fuel becomes inert and must be disposed of. At this point, the perchlorate leaches-or is simply disposed directly into-the soil and ground water. At this point, governmental oversight has been recommended, but even the EPA admits that total clean-up may be cost-prohibitive, in spite of the damage exposure can cause to environmental and physical health.
8. Pesticides and herbicides. In this case, the chemicals that are supposed to be protecting you are what's causing the damage. Although DDT, banned in the U.S. since the 1970s, may be the most well-known of these, it's far from the only one. Dacthal and Atrazine, two herbicides still in use today, have been associated with health concerns ranging from hormonal disruption and birth defects, to organ damage. Even banned pesticides, like HCB and the infamous DDT, are still causing health problems. HCB is a known by-product of the manufacturing of other chemicals still produced in the U.S., while DDT is widely used elsewhere in the world, so ends up in the water supply due to importation.
9. Prescription drugs, especially antibiotics and birth control: The issue was first raised in the 1990s, but continues today because the amounts are low enough to be considered safe. However, antibiotic resistance has reached dangerous levels, and even miniscule amounts can contribute to this epidemic. As for birth control, hormone therapy is designed to work at low levels, potentially contradicting the safety argument.
10. Plastics: Recent research has found that more than 80% of the global water supply contains microscopic plastic particles-and the situation is worse in the U.S. than just about anywhere else. More than 90% of the drinking water in America is tainted with plastic so small it's invisible to the naked eye, but it can still do damage to internal organs. Just as dangerous, the plastic has been shown to have absorbed chemicals before entering the water. These chemicals are then released into the body, causing their own damage.
In spite of being told that your tap water is perfectly safe, the odds are good you're drinking more than just water. Many bottled waters, depending on their purification process, also contain many of these dangerous chemicals. The only way you can ensure your safety is by creating your own filtered water, so you know FOR SURE that the water you're drinking is safe, pure and contaminant-free.
A Reverse-Osmosis System for the home has been found to be the best option, but a built-in, under-the-counter installation is expensive to install and a huge hassle to maintain. That's why I worked with a team of engineers over 5 years to miniaturize reverse osmosis technology and invent the AquaTru Countertop Water Filtration system. It works without any plumbing or installation and makes great tasting water that you know is safe and pure.
Next articleOur Drinking Water: Five Common Misconceptions That Could Destroy Your Health
Toxic Tap Water Cover-Up
Sick Again? Your Tap Water Could Be The Culprit
Our Drinking Water: Five Common Misconceptions That Could Destroy Your Health
AquaTru is the first and only countertop reverse osmosis water purifier that is certified to create better-than-bottled quality water from your tap. No plumbing or installation required. ©Copyright 2016 AquaTru, LLC - All Rights Reserved.
Contact us: cs@aquatruwater.com
© Copyright 2017 - Aqua Beyond Filtration, All Rights Reserved.


text:
namespace SoftFX.Extended
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections;
    using SoftFX.Extended.Storage;

    abstract class BarsEnumeratorBase : ICloneableEnumerator<Bar>
    {
        protected BarsEnumeratorBase(DataFeed dataFeed, IStorage storage, string symbol, PriceType priceType, BarPeriod period, DateTime startTime, int preferredBufferSize)
        {
            this.DataFeed = dataFeed;
            this.Storage = storage;
            this.Symbol = symbol;
            this.PriceType = priceType;
            this.Period = period;
            this.StartTime = startTime;

            this.PreferredBufferSize = preferredBufferSize;
        }

        public Bar Current
        {
            get { return this.GetCurrent(); }
        }

        object IEnumerator.Current
        {
            get { return this.GetCurrent(); }
        }

        Bar GetCurrent()
        {
            if (this.IsFinished)
                throw new InvalidOperationException("End of bars enumeration has been reached; use Reset and MoveNext methods.");

            if (this.Bar == null)
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Enumeration has not started. Call MoveNext.");

            return this.Bar;
        }

        public bool MoveNext()
        {
            return this.MoveNextImplementation();
        }

        protected abstract bool MoveNextImplementation();

        public void Reset()
        {
            this.ResetImplementation();
        }

        protected virtual void ResetImplementation()
        {
            this.IsFinished = false;
            this.Bar = null;
        }

        public virtual void Dispose()
        {
        }

        public abstract ICloneableEnumerator<Bar> Clone();

        protected DataFeed DataFeed { get; private set; }
        protected IStorage Storage { get; private set; }
        protected string Symbol { get; private set; }
        protected PriceType PriceType { get; private set; }
        protected int PreferredBufferSize { get; private set; }
        protected BarPeriod Period { get; private set; }
        protected DateTime StartTime { get; private set; }

        protected Bar Bar { get; set; }
        protected bool IsFinished { get; set; }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
About UsFaqContact Us
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Repurposing wood
The owners of Buffalo Coulee Wood Products bring lumber to life near Cummings, N.D.
Kevin Fee
Jared Johnson is a self-proclaimed scavenger. He says business partner Matt Weaver is cut from the same cloth.
Instead of drywall, hiding some of the insulation inside their shop at Buffalo Coulee Wood Products near Cummings, N.D., are gymnasium bleacher benches discarded from an area school. They were offered to those who wanted to pick them up, complete with gum in tow.
Attached to one of the benches-turned-wallboard is a poster of a scene of Jules and Vincent from the movie, "Pulp Fiction." Johnson snagged that off a berm during spring cleanup in Grand Forks.
Johnson and Weaver have a way of repurposing just about anything. Both arborists, their specialty reclamation projects involve wood and trees. They collect and cut a large variety of wood for their sawmill, including walnut, box elder, spruce and ash, white oak, red cedar, sycamore, pecan, sassafras and Osage orange.
From it, Buffalo Coulee makes live edge slabs and rough and reclaimed lumber.
The company receives its electricity to run its sawmill from Nodak Electric Cooperative, one of the 11 member-owners in the Minnkota Power Cooperative system.
While some wood comes from North Dakota and Minnesota, Buffalo Coulee travels to such states as Kansas, Nebraska and North Carolina for products not common in the Red River Valley. Johnson used to live in Kansas and North Carolina.
In addition to having contacts in other states, the business has a strong Facebook presence. It has helped the company meet people who have wood for sale or are searching for wood.
"We meet people all over the Valley," Johnson said.
Clocks and other decorative items can be made from pieces of red cedar. (Michael Hoeft/Minnkota)
Buffalo Coulee offers professional woodworkers and hobbyists willing to craft their own furniture a place to buy their wood supplies. The business is located on Weaver's farmstead a mile west of Cummings and just off I-29 in Traill County.
Buffalo Coulee uses several different types of tools to perform its work, including a band saw, drum sander and planer. The sander and planer are in the shop, while the large band saw is outside the east side of the shop.
Before they recently bought a used skidsteer loader, Buffalo Coulee would manually move logs for cutting on the band saw with a cant hook. A cant hook is a traditional logging tool consisting of a wooden lever handle with a movable metal hook called a dog at one end.
Several yards from the band saw on the farm is a solar kiln Buffalo Coulee uses to dry the wood. Thanks to its thriftiness, Buffalo Coulee didn't pay a lot for the kiln. The company acquired a carport and some greenhouse plastic for free and paid about $20 for other kiln materials.
Two solar fans were the biggest cost, at about $100 apiece.
The kiln, which will leave about 6-8% of moisture content in 1-inch wood after 30 days, allows the different varieties to dry a lot faster than the 10-12% moisture content left through an air-dry process. On this day, it was 136 degrees inside the kiln.
The band saw is just one of several tools Buffalo Coulee uses to process beautiful slabs of lumber. (Michael Hoeft/Minnkota)
Johnson and Weaver, who have three and five children, respectively, and work full time, don't do a lot of custom woodworking. Most of their time is spent milling wood for others' projects, including a Grand Forks man who built a beautiful bar out of red cedar. One of the recent exceptions was building a bar to auction off at the Crawl 4 the Cure fundraiser.
While the partners continue to cut wood, some projects have been placed on the back burner. They still haven't been able to fire up a Howell & Co. circular sawmill they bought a few years ago. The sawmill was built in the early 1900s in the Twin Cities.
When they get it running, they will have another tool to help others create custom woodworking magic. Benches, tables, floating shelves, poker tables, you name it – Buffalo Coulee can scrounge up the materials for you to make it happen.
"And if we don't have it we'll try to get it, no matter where it is," Weaver said.
Main image: Jared Johnson checks out a slab of red cedar in his shop. (Michael Hoeft/Minnkota)
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Teaching Future Historians: U.S. History Lesson Plans Using Primary Documents
A diverse array of Antebellum, Civil War, and Gilded Age lesson plans for your convenience.
Digital Projects at Northern Illinois University Libraries
This website offers links to lesson plans, audio recordings, and video lectures related to the Antebellum, Civil War, and Gilded Age eras. There are 15 lesson plans on the Antebellum era focused on the Lincoln-Douglas debates, antislavery, Cherokee removal, slavery and the legal status of free blacks, gender roles, religion in political life, and the free-market labor vs. slave labor, "mudsill" theory debate. The nine lesson plans on the Gilded Age include such diverse topics as the WCTU and the lynching controversy, civil service reform, bimetallism, free trade, and political campaign songs. There are 145 downloadable songs organized by topic.
The site also offers access to downloadable video lectures on 12 different topics that include African Americans and race, economic development and labor, frontier settlement, law and society, religion and culture, women and gender, and political development. Most topics have 10 or more lectures available. A small site, but very useful for teaching the history of these three eras.
Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) Resources for Teachers
Children and Youth in History
The New World: A Stage for Cultural Interaction
Selling a Slave
History News Network
The American Civil War: Total or Just?
History Education News - Volume Six »


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Bridget Kelly & Mack Wilds Teach Us How To 'Act'
Bridget Kelly just dropped the visuals for her single "Act Like That," and they're perfect for the end of the summer. If you had a summer fling that's coming to its inevitable end, the single and video are for you. Featuring rapper and singer Mack Wilds, both the single and video are just as breezy and effortless as the artists' chemistry. Bridget with her army of girls and Mack with his army of fellas chill at a day party, drinking, sitting on the stoop and playing relationship games. "And I know you only want me cause it's June / If it wasn't for these poom poom shorts you'd hate my attitude / You would say why you act like that / Why you gotta act like that," sings Bridget. Mack sings and raps on the track, adding playful banter perfect for the song's ridiculously complex relationship. Directed by J. Williams, the visuals are not at all iconic but colorful and maintain the feeling of a lazy summer New York kickback.
While it looks like all fun and games in her latest video, Bridget is currently on the road for her Summer Of 17 tour, which funnily enough, lands in New York on August 27th. You can check out her upcoming tour dates on her Facebook page and you can also cop her EP, Summer Of 17, on iTunes. If you want to get a sneak peek into what her summer sounds like, you can hear a few snippets of her singles on SoundCloud. Until then, grab your red solo cup and watch the visuals for "Act Like That."
TAGS: Bridget Kelly, J. Williams, Mack Wilds
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The resurrection and ascension of Jesus to the right hand of the throne of God forever established His Lordship over all creation (see Ephesians 1:18-23). The revelation of God's love for me—the fact that Jesus came to earth and willingly died in my place to satisfy the penalty of my sin so that I am forgiven and cleansed of my sin, and freed to come into His presence and know Him—this love is what compelled me to give my life to Him and say, "Jesus, I want you to be Lord of my life!" When God helped me understand His love and redemption, and helped me surrender to Him in faith, I was born again by the Spirit of God. Even though God uses different circumstances to draw us to the revelation of His love, everyone who is born again has come to this place of surrender. When we do, He makes us into a totally new person. Although we still look the same, we begin to respond differently as we allow His love to increasingly capture and control our hearts. These changes demonstrate the truth of our sanctifying Christ as Lord in our hearts—acknowledging that He is Lord of our lives, and living for Him rather than for ourselves as we once did.
The sanctifying of Christ as Lord is a daily and life-long process that we enter into when we are born again. As we live to serve Jesus, the forces of darkness oppose us, trying to distract and separate us from the One who loves us. Our devotion to Christ will evoke opposition, but it also promotes opportunity to witness of His great love and redemption as others see the changes that occur in our lives. When others ask about the hope that is within us and our faith in Jesus, we are reminded to answer them gently and with reverence, remembering that it was nothing good about us that caused us to be born again, but God's grace and mercy. This same grace and mercy are available to everyone who will personally receive Jesus as their Savior, and acknowledge that He is Lord. With that confession we can then say, as Paul did, "I have been crucified with Christ; and it is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me; and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me, and delivered Himself up for me" (Galatians 2:20). May our passion and zeal for God fulfill His will for our lives, and bring Him glory and honor as we daily sanctify Christ as Lord in our hearts.


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Chileans
(Redirected from Chilean people)
This article is about the Chilean ethnic group. For Chilean nationality, see Chilean nationality law.
Chileans (Spanish: Chilenos) are people identified with the country of Chile, whose connection may be residential, legal, historical, ethnic, or cultural. For most Chileans, several or all of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their Chilean identity. Chile is a multilingual and multicultural society, but an overwhelming majority of Chileans have Spanish as their first language and either are Christians or have a Christian cultural background. Therefore, many Chileans do not equate their nationality with ethnicity, but with citizenship and allegiance to Chile. The overwhelming majority of Chileans are the product of varying degrees of admixture between European ethnic groups (predominantly Spaniards and Basques) with peoples indigenous to Chile's modern territory (predominantly Mapuche).
Chilenos
Flag of Chile
19,212,362[a]
Regions with significant populations
Chile 18,175,016[1][2]
Total diaspora
1,037,346[3]
56,138[3]
45,190[3][4]
9,000[3]
Other countries combined
Chilean Spanish
Predominantly Christian[6]
(Catholic (55%)
Protestant (16%))
Minority irreligious or unaffiliated (25%)[6]
Related ethnic groups
Other Latin Americans
indigenous peoples in Chile
a. ^ As of 31 December 2019. Based on the projected population of Chile as of 31 December 2019 (19,283,722) minus the non-Chilean population living in Chile as of 31 December 2019 (1,492,522) plus the Chilean population living abroad as of 2016 (1,037,346).
Although the historic mestizaje of Europeans and Amerindians is evident across all social strata in the Chilean population, there is a strong correlation between the ratio of a Chilean's European and indigenous genetic components and their socioeconomic situation.[7][8] There is a marked continuum[8] existing between the lower classes of a high component of indigenous ancestry and the upper classes of a predominant component of European ancestry. Indigenous inheritance, whether cultural or genetic, is most pronounced in rural areas and in aspects of culture such as Chilean cuisine and Chilean Spanish. Although post-independence immigrants never made up more than 2% of the population, there are now hundreds of thousands of Chileans with German,[9] British, French, Croatian, Italian or Palestinian[10] ancestry, though these have also been mostly miscegenated with other groups within the country.
Though the majority of Chileans reside in Chile, significant communities have been established in multiple countries, most noticeably Argentina,[11] United States,[12] Australia and Canada and countries of the European Union. Although small in number, Chilean people also make up a substantial part of the permanent population of Antarctica and the Falkland Islands (see: Chileans in the Falkland Islands).[13]
1 Ethnic structure
1.1 Ancestries and genetics
1.2 Racial self-perceptions
2 Ethnographic history of Chile
2.1 Spaniards, Mestizos and Indigenous Peoples
2.2 European and neighboring immigrants
2.3 Latin American immigrants
3 Indigenous Chileans
4 Religion
6 Emigration of Chileans
Ethnic structureEdit
As in other Latin American countries, in Chile, from the onset of Spanish colonization and settlement, miscegenation or mestizaje was the norm rather than the exception. Today, ethnic and racial self-identities are highly fluid and can differ between persons of the same family, including siblings of the same parentage.[citation needed] It is dictated not only by strict physical appearance, nor more loosely by ancestry (actual or presumed), but by cultural patterns, social class, wealth and access, language, and prevailing biases of the era.[citation needed] These very factors, indeed, lend to the significantly varying ethnic structure figures from one source to the next. Additionally, those various figures refer to different, even if often overlapping, concepts: including racial vs ethnic categories, self-identity vs genetic findings, as well as culturally assigned categories. These concepts should not be confused, and the figures represented in one source might not be corresponding to figures of concepts from another source.
Thus, for instance, UNAM professor of Latin American studies, Francisco Lizcano, in his social research estimates that a predominant 52.7% of the Chilean population can be classified as culturally European, with an estimated 44% as Mestizo.[14] Other social studies put the total amount of Whites at over 60 percent.[15] Some publications, such as the CIA World Factbook, state that the entire population consist of a combined 95.4% of "Whites and White-Amerindians", and 4.6% of indigenous peoples. These figures are based on a national census held in 2002, which classified the population as indigenous and non-indigenous, rather than as White or Mestizo.[16]
Ancestries and geneticsEdit
General genetic ancestries
This section is in list format but may read better as prose. You can help by converting this section, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (June 2019)
67.9% European; 32.1% Indigenous; (Valenzuela, 1984): Marco de referencia sociogenético para los estudios de salud pública en Chile, fuente: Revista Chilena de Pediatría.[17][18]
64.0% European; 35.0% Indigenous; (Cruz-Coke, 1994): Genetic epidemiology of single gene defects in Chile, fuente: Universidad de Chile.[19]
57.2% European; 38.7% Indigenous; 2.5% African; 1.7% Asian; (Homburger et al., 2015): Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America, fuente: PLOS ONE Genetics.[20]
An autosomal DNA study from 2014 found Chile to possess a genepool averaging 51.85% (± 5.44%) European, 44.34% (± 3.9%) Indigenous, and 3.81% (± 0.45%) African DNA.[21] The genetic study was conducted across all regions of Chile, and while it "ratified the preponderance of mestizaje in Chile",[22] it also found "the indigenous presence is marked by a curve in the Chilean territory. In the north, between Arica and Coquimbo, and in the south, between La Araucanía and Aysén, the genes of indigenous Amerindians exceeds 50%. Only in the central region and the far south does the European component surpass [the Amerindian component]."[23] However, the majority of Chile's population is concentrated in the central regions of the country.
Others genetics topics
Cities with a historically higher proportion of European immigration, such as Concepción, in south central Chile, exhibited an average middle class genepool of 75% European and 25% Indigenous DNA, while in Valparaíso the average middle class genepool was 77% European and 23% Indigenous DNA.[24] By contrast, in southern and northern regions of the country, the Indigenous component surpassed the European component.
Related genetic studies conducted on Santiago's mtDNA and Y-DNA found a sex bias in the ethnic origin of those sex-specific chromosomes. Thus, across all social classes, an overwhelming 84% of Santiago's mitochondrial DNA (inherited only from mother to child) is of Indigenous origin, while the Y chromosome (inherited only from father to son) is about 70% of European origin,[25] and between 6% to 15% Indigenous, depending on the area of the city.[26] The results indicate a gender asymmetrical pattern of sexual relations leading to childbirth in Chile's history.
On a genotypic (genetic) level, however, persons in all groups, despite their classification by phenotype (appearance) would nonetheless contain admixture, not just those with stereotypically mestizo appearance. Thus, in Chile, the three groups, the phenotypically "white," "mestizo," and "indigenous," would represent a genetic continuum rather than isolated groups, including the presence of some Indigenous DNA in Chileans who appear more European and some European DNA in Chileans who appear more Indigenous.
Racial self-perceptionsEdit
A 2002 national poll revealed that a slim majority of 51.7% of Chileans stated that they believed that they possessed "indigenous blood". Some 43.4% of respondents said that they believed they had "some" Amerindian ancestry and another 8.3% believed they had "much" Amerindian ancestry, but 40.3% responded that they believed that they had no Amerindian ancestry.[27] Despite a majority of Chileans acknowledging that they had at least some Amerindian ancestry, if asked, many Chileans would simply self-identify as white.
Thus, in a 2011 Latinobarómetro survey which asked respondents in Chile what race they considered themselves to belong to, a majority of 59% answered "white", while 25% said "mestizo", and 8% self-classified as "indigenous".[28]
Ethnographic history of ChileEdit
See also: Origin of the Mapuche
Spaniards, Mestizos and Indigenous PeoplesEdit
Rural population in the 19th century by Claudio Gay
For at least 12,000 years, numerous indigenous peoples settled in central and southern Chile. The predominant Mapuche made up the overwhelming majority the population up until the Spanish conquest. During the colonial period, troops were sent out to the Americas by the Spanish Crown in order to protect distant colonies. Spanish folk immigrated from all regions of Spain, particularly Andalusia, Extremadura, Basque Country, Asturias, Navarra and Castile. Of the Spanish, many immigrants ultimately settled in Chile after the Mapuche resistance to the conquest.
The indigenous Picunche population of Central Chile disappeared by a process of mestizaje by gradually abandoning their villages (pueblo de indios) to settle in nearby Spanish haciendas. There Picunches mingled with disparate indigenous peoples brought in from: Araucanía (Mapuche), Chiloé (Huilliche, Cunco, Chono, Poyas[29]) and Argentina (Huarpe[30]).[31] Few in numbers, disconnected from their ancestral lands and diluted by mestizaje the Picunche and their descendants lost their indigenous identity.[31]
The government of Agustín de Jáuregui, which ruled around 1777–1778, ordered the first general population census. The census confirmed a total of 259,646 inhabitants at the time, with 73.5% classified as Caucasian, 9.8% as African, 8.6% as Indian, and 7.8% as Mestizo. In 1784, Francisco Hurtado, governor of the province of Chiloé, conducted a population census in Chiloe that totaled 26,703 inhabitants, of which about 64.4% was classified as españoles ("Spaniards", Caucasian and mixed Mestizo people) and 33.5% considered indios ("Indians").[citation needed] First generation mestizos sprang largelly from the intercourse of Spanish men and indigenous women.[32] The opposite, the union of indigenous men and Spanish women was rare but no unheard of.[32][33]
In 1812, the Diocese of Concepción conducted a census to the south of the Maule river; however, this did not include the indigenous population — at that time estimated at 8,000 people — nor the inhabitants of the province of Chiloé. It put the total population at 210,567, of which 86.1% was native Spaniards and 10% were Indian, with a remaining 3.7% of African, mulattos, and mestizo descent.[34] Other estimates in the late 17th century indicate that the population reached a maximum total of 152,000, consisting of 72% whites and mestizos, 18% Indians, and 10% blacks and mulattos.[35]
For many years, Spanish-descent settlers and religious orders imported African slaves to the country, which in the early 19th century constituted 1.5% of the national population.[36] Despite this, the Afro-Chilean population was small, reaching a height of only 2,500 — or 0.1% of the total population — during the colonial period.[37] The birth rates of black people were low. According to Sergio Villalobos this could have been indebted to the fact that black women and men were often apart as result of their slave labour and an hesitancy of other racial groups to engage with them.[32]
In the 18th century, many Spanish civilians (mainly of Basque origin) entered the country, in particular attracted by trade liberalization at the time enacted by the Spanish Crown. In the late 18th century, Basque descendants were estimated to comprise 27% of the total population.[38] Most of the Basque immigrants initially partook in small businesses, though others attained higher levels of prosperity. Of those, many mixed with the Criollo aristocracy of Castilian origin, who owned much of the land. This resulted in the Castilian-Basque aristocracy, which later came to form the basis of the Chilean ruling class; other Basques also integrated with mestizo population of Castilian origin, that resulted in modern Chilean middle classes. The number of descendants from Basques in Chile are estimated at 10% of the population (1.7 million).[39][40][41][42][43][44][45]
European and neighboring immigrantsEdit
Main articles: Immigration to Chile; German colonization of Valdivia, Osorno and Llanquihue; and Occupation of Araucanía
After Chile's independence successive waves of Spanish, Italians, Irish, French, Greeks, Germans, British, Dutch, Croats, Russians, Poles, Hungarians, Portuguese and Middle Eastern people immigrated to the country.
A substantial German immigration took place in 1848, laying the foundation for the German-Chilean community. Under a government sponsored programme aimed at colonizing the southern region, the Germans (including German-speaking Swiss, Silesians, Alsatians, Austrians, and Sudeten Germans), colonized the south and have since influenced the cultural and racial composition of the southern provinces of Chile. It is estimated that 150,000 to 200,000 Chileans could have German ancestors.[46]
About 700,000 Chileans, or 5% of Chile's population, have Arab ancestry.[47] Of these 500,000 are Palestinian descendants.[47][48][49][50][51][52]
Other historically significant immigrant groups include: Croatians, whose numbers today are estimated at 380,000 persons, about 2.4% of the population.[53][54] 4.6% of the Chilean population has some Croatian ancestry.[55] Over 700,000 Chileans, 4.5% of Chile's population, has British (English, Scottish and Welsh) origin.[56]
Puerto Varas in southern Chile, shows German influence in its architecture.
Between 90,000 and 120,000 Chileans are of Greek origin.[57] Most live either in the Santiago or Antofagasta areas. Chile is one of the 5 countries with the most Greeks in the world.[58] The number of Swiss is about 90,000.[59] About 5% of the Chilean population has some French ancestry.[60] 600,000 to 800,000 are Italians. Other European groups are found in smaller numbers.
The European immigrants have transformed the country culturally, economically and politically. European emigration in Chile and to a lesser extent, the arrival from the Middle East during the second half of the 19th and 20th centuries, was the most important in Latin America[61][62] second to that which occurred in the Atlantic Coast of the Southern Cone (i.e., Argentina and southern Brazil).[63]
These European ethnic groups have intermarried thereby diluting the distinct cultures, descent and identities of the home countries and fusing them among each other. These intermixed cultures form the society and culture of the Chilean middle and upper classes.[40] The European have still preserved elements of themselves, therefore they enjoy the original European cultural practices such as the British afternoon tea and biscuits, French casseroles and coffee, German cakes and sausage, and Italian pasta and mineral waters. The cultural influences can also be seen in the architecture of the cities. The Chilean folk culture is not embraced as it is an offshoot of the culture of the Spaniards who settled the country in the colonial period.
Latin American immigrantsEdit
Since 1990, with the end of Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship and the return to democracy, and the subsequent socioeconomic development of the country, a significant number of immigrants from various Latin American countries started to arrive to Chile. These represented nearly 1,200,000 people (2017) corresponding to 7% of the population residing in the country.[64] They were composed of 288,233 Venezuelans, 223,923 Peruvians, 179,338 Haitians, 146,582 Colombians, 107,346 Bolivians, 74,713 Argentines, 36,994 Ecuadorians, 18,185 Brazilians, 17,959 Dominicans, 15,837 Cubans and 8,975 Mexicans.[65]
This has prompted a change in the physiognomy of certain boroughs ("communes") in the country where its number is concentrated. In boroughs such as Santiago Centro and Independencia, a third of all residents (28% and 31% respectively) were born abroad.[66] Other communes of Greater Santiago with high numbers of immigrants are Estación Central (17%) and Recoleta (16%).[67] In the northern regions such as Antofagasta Region, 17.3% of the population is a Latin American foreigner, with communes such as Ollagüe (31%), Mejillones (16%), Sierra Gorda (16%) and Antofagasta (11%), with high percentages of Latin American immigrants, mainly Bolivians, Colombians and Peruvians.[68]
Indigenous ChileansEdit
Mapuche woman in traditional dress.
Rapa Nui people
Main articles: Mapuche and Indigenous peoples in Chile
With the independence of Chile in the 1810s, Mapuche began to be seen as Chileans by other Chileans, contrasting with previous perceptions of them as a separate people or nation.[69]
Although indigenous peoples like Mapuche and Aymaras are in some situations contrasted against Chilean people the two demonyms are not mutually exclusive and are rather often used combined. For example, "a Chilean Aymara" can be used to contrast with Aymaras living in Bolivia or Peru.
The 1907 census reported 101,118 Indians, or 3.1% of the total country population. Only those that practiced their native culture or spoke their native language were considered, irrespective of their "racial purity."[70]
At the 2002 census, people that declared themselves as indigenous amounted to 4.6% of the population (692,192 people); of these, 87.3% declared themselves Mapuche.[71] as with Chileans of other backgrounds most Mapuche show varying degrees of mixed ancestry.
Some native peoples of Chile disappeared product from acculturation and miscegenation, as is the case of peoples Picunches, Diaguitas and Chonos, whereas a large number of Selknam or Onas disappeared by the extermination carried out by settlers in Tierra del Fuego in the early 20th century. Other factors that contributed to their extinction were diseases brought by Europeans, such as smallpox.
According to the 2017 census, 12.8% of the Chilean population, 1 842 607 people of 14 years or more, declares themselves indigenous. Of the total indigenous population, 79.8% declared themselves Mapuche; 7.2%, Aymara; 4.1%, Diaguita; 1.6%, Quechua; 1.4%, Atacameño; 0.9%, Colla; 0.4%, Rapa Nui; 0.1%, Kawésqar and 0.1%, Yaghan. 1.3% identified with another and 3.1% identified as indigenous but it has not been said which.
Main article: Religion in Chile
Religion (Census 2002)[72]
Catholic 70%
Protestant or Evangelical 15%
Atheist/None or Agnostic 8%
Others 7%
Religion (2015 Survey)[73]
Atheist/None or Agnostic 25%
Main article: Chilean Culture
The folk culture of Chile has mostly Spanish origins, especially the huaso culture of the central part of the country, as it arose in the colonial period due to cattle ranching. It could therefore be considered an offshoot of Spanish popular culture of the 17th an 18th centuries as are the folk cultures of the rest of Latin America and also, its direct descendants, Andalusian and Castilian folk cultures. The Andalusian forms in the huaso dress is apparent to Europeans and the music and dances show Spanish origins, even though both have been adapted and are distinct from dress, music and dance in Spain today.
The ranches called fundos, where the huasos lived and worked show strong similarity with Spanish vernacular architecture, especially in the canal roofs and the interior courtyards. The fundo is now thought of as traditional Chilean architecture and is associated with the huaso.[74]
As well as the huaso culture of the central part of the country can be seen the German, Chilote, Croatian and Magallanic culture in the south, and the Andean culture in the north.
Chile's Nueva Canción movement in modern Chilean folk culture is adapted from the folk music of the north, not of the brass bands but of the panpipes and quenas. The traditional Chilean folk music of the huasos were also popularised, particularly the tonadas, folk songs sung with a guitar, mainly on the topics of love. Several folk groups who dress in huaso costume became famous nationwide.
The folk culture that is mainly associated with the Chilean national identity is that of the huasos as that is where the Chilean state was formed and it spread northwards and southwards in the late 19th century.
Emigration of ChileansEdit
Emigration of Chileans has decreased during the last decade: It is estimated that 857,781 Chileans live abroad, 50.1% of those being in Argentina (the highest number), 13.3% in the United States, 8.8% in Brazil, 4.9% in Sweden, and around 2% in Australia, with the rest being scattered in smaller numbers across the globe. Other Chilean refugees settled (not ranked by order of size) in Spain, Mexico, Costa Rica, United Kingdom, Canada, France, Germany, New Zealand, and Italy.
Many pro-Allende refugees in the 1970s fled to East Germany, including president Michelle Bachelet, who also lived in Australia.[75] Anti-Pinochet refugees formed a large expatriate community in Europe and a smaller community in North America (the US and Canada). The Chilean-Swedish population is estimated at 56,000 people,[3] a result of migration that began with the political refugees from the 1973 coup d'état.
Over 100,000 Chileans fleeing from both regimes in the 1970s and 1980s settled in the US, a small number compared to other Latino groups. The highest number settled in Miami, Florida, but smaller enclaves are in Washington, D.C.; New York City; and California (the Los Angeles area – Beverly Hills and Long Beach; and San Francisco – San Mateo County).
Approximately 2,500 Chilean exiles fled to the UK in the early 1970s and by most recent estimates the Chilean British population is in its tens of thousands, and represents a significant proportion of the UK's Latin American community. By far the largest concentration of Chileans can be found in London with significant other communities being Birmingham, Sheffield and the Manchester–Liverpool Metropolitan area.[76]
Historic emigration took place in the early 19th century when Chilean ranchers went to Mexico after their independence. Thousands of miners from Chile went to California, the U.S. during the 1850s California Gold Rush, as well in other gold rushes in Colorado (1870s) and the Yukon (1890s). Small numbers of Chilean miners also migrated to South Africa and Australia for the same reason.[77][78]
Chile portal
Anti-Chilean sentiment
Chilean American
Chilean Argentine
Chilean Australian
Chilean Brazilian
Chilean British
Chilean German
Chilean Italian
Chilean Swedes
Swiss Chilean
Chilean Mexicans
White Latin Americans
^ "Estimación de personas extranjeras residentes habituales en Chile al 31 de diciembre 2019" (PDF) (in Spanish). National Statistics Institute. March 2020. p. 21. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
^ "Estimaciones y proyecciones 1992–2050, país (base 2017)" (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 April 2020.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Segundo Registro de Chilenos en el Exterior" (PDF) (in Spanish). National Statistics Institute. January 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Canada, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 20 February 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
^ "Chile - Emigrantes totales".
^ a b "Estudio Nacional de Opinión Pública" (PDF). Centro de Estudios Públicos. October–November 2018.
^ Vanegas L, Jairo; Villalón C, Marcelo; Valenzuela Y, Carlos (May 2008). "Consideraciones acerca del uso de la variable etnia/raza en investigación epidemiológica para la Salud Pública: A propósito de investigaciones en inequidades" [Ethnicity and race as variables in epidemiológical research about inequity]. Revista médica de Chile (in Spanish). 136 (5). doi:10.4067/S0034-98872008000500014.
^ a b Valenzuela, C. El Gradiente Sociogenético Chileno y sus Implicaciones Etico-Sociales Archived 18 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile
Quote: Al analizar la composición étnica por estratos sociales nos hemos encontrado con un gradiente sociogenético importante que condiciona la estructura de la morbimortalidad según estrato socioeconómico y la evolución sociocultural de Chile
^ German Embassy in Chile. Archived 5 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine
Quote in German: Es wird geschätzt, dass zwischen 500 bis 600 Tausend Chilenen deutscher Herkunft sind.
^ "Los palestinos miran con esperanza su futuro en Chile sin olvidar Gaza e Irak", El Economista, 11 February 2009, retrieved 29 July 2009
^ "Colectividad chilena, Bajaron de los barcos, ONI". Oni.escuelas.edu.ar. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
^ "Top 101 cities with the most residents born in Chile (population 500+)". city-data.com. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
^ "Chilenos son atraídos por la bonanza de las islas Malvinas". El Mercurio. 30 March 2007. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
^ Fernández, Francisco Lizcano (2007). Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI. ISBN 9789707570528.
^ Esteva-Fabregat (1988). El mestizaje en lberoamérica. a white majority that would exceed 60% of the Chilean population
^ "CIA World Factbook: Chile". Cia.gov. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
^ Valenzuela C. (1984). Marco de Referencia Sociogenético para los Estudios de Salud Pública en Chile. Revista Chilena de Pediatría; 55: 123–7.
^ Vanegas, J.; Villalón, M.; Valenzuela, C. (2008). Consideraciones acerca del uso de la variable etnia/raza en investigación epidemiológica para la Salud Pública: A propósito de investigaciones en inequidades. Revista Médica de Chile, 136(5), 637–644. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872008000500014.
^ Cruz-Coke, R.; Moreno, R. S. (1994). "Genetic epidemiology of single gene defects in Chile". Journal of Medical Genetics. 31 (9): 702–706. doi:10.1136/jmg.31.9.702. PMC 1050080. PMID 7815439.
^ Homburguer; et al. (2015). "Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America". PLOS Genetics. 11 (12): e1005602. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005602. PMC 4670080. PMID 26636962.
^ Fuentes, Macarena; Pulgar, Iván; Gallo, Carla; Bortolini, María-Cátira; Canizales-Quinteros, Samuel; Bedoya, Gabriel; González-José, Rolando; Ruiz-Linares, Andrés; Rothhammer, Francisco (March 2014). "Geografía génica de Chile: Distribución regional de los aportes genéticos americanos, europeos y africanos" [Gene geography of Chile. Regional distribution of American, European and African genetic contributions]. Revista médica de Chile (in Spanish). 142 (3): 281–289. doi:10.4067/S0034-98872014000300001. PMID 25052264.
^ "Estudios genéticos ratifican preponderancia de mestizaje en Chile « Diario y Radio Uchile". radio.uchile.cl.
^ "Descifran el génoma de los chilenos: Uno de cada dos tiene genes africanos". www.revistaenfoque.cl. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011.
^ Cruz-Coke, R; Moreno, RS (September 1994). "Genetic epidemiology of single gene defects in Chile". J. Med. Genet. 31 (9): 702–6. doi:10.1136/jmg.31.9.702. PMC 1050080. PMID 7815439.
^ "Ultima Hora : Genética Chilena y Poblamiento de América". Aforteanosla.com.ar. Archived from the original on 15 November 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
^ Fernando Donoso (September–October 2011). "El ADN de los chilenos". Revista Enfoque. Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
^ "Encuesta CEP, Julio 2002" (in Spanish). July 2002. Archived from the original on 29 April 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
^ Informe Latinobarómetro 2011, Latinobarómetro.
^ Urbina Burgos, Rodolfo (2007). "El pueblo chono: de vagabundo y pagano a cristiano y sedentario mestizado" (PDF). Orbis incognitvs: avisos y legados del Nuevo Mundo (in Spanish). Huelva: Universidad de Huelva. pp. 325–346. ISBN 9788496826243.
^ Villalobos et al. 1974, pp. 166–170.
^ a b Contreras Cruces, Hugo (2016). "Migraciones locales y asentamiento indígena en las estancias españolas de Chile central, 1580–1650". Historia (in Spanish). 49 (1): 87–110. doi:10.4067/S0717-71942016000100004.
^ a b c Villalobos, Sergio (1983). Historia del pueblo chileno (in Spanish). Vol. II. Santiago de Chile: Zig-Zag. pp. 112–113.
^ Guzmán, Carmen Luz (2013). "Las cautivas de las Siete Ciudades: El cautiverio de mujeres hispanocriollas durante la Guerra de Arauco, en la perspectiva de cuatro cronistas (s. XVII)" [The captives of the Seven Cities: The captivity of hispanic-creole women during the Arauco's War, from the insight of four chroniclers (17th century)]. Intus-Legere Historia (in Spanish). 7 (1): 77–97. doi:10.15691/07176864.2014.094 (inactive 31 December 2022). {{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of December 2022 (link)
^ "INE – Censo de 1813. Introducción" (PDF). Retrieved 22 September 2011.
^ Icarito – La Colonia:Población y sociedad[dead link]
^ [Rolando Mellafe (1959): "La introducción de la esclavitud negra en Chile. Tráfico y rutas", Universidad de Chile (Departamento Historia Instituto Pedagógico). Santiago]
^ "Elementos de Salud Pública, section 5.2.6". University of Chile. Archived from the original on 16 September 2009.
^ vascos Ainara Madariaga: Autora del estudio "Imaginarios vascos".
^ Mikel Soro (1 December 1997). "Diariovasco". Diariovasco. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
^ a b Sotillo, B. (22 May 2008). ""A los empresarios de origen vasco nos diferencia que generamos unas relaciones de confianza": Alejandro Sande Hitschfeld Presidente de emprebask" ["Entrepreneurs of Basque origin sets us apart in that we generate a relationship of trust": Alejandro Sande Hitschfeld, Chairman of Emprebask] (in Spanish). Deia.com. Archived from the original on 11 May 2009. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
^ vascos Ainara Madariaga: Autora del estudio "Imaginarios vascos desde Chile La construcción de imaginarios vascos en Chile durante el siglo XX".
^ "Basques au Chili". Euskonews.com. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
^ Contacto Interlingüístico e intercultural en el mundo hispano.instituto valenciano de lenguas y culturas. Universitat de València Cita: "Un 20% de la población chilena tiene su origen en el País Vasco".
^ (in Spanish) La población chilena con ascendencia vasca bordea entre el 15% y el 20% del total, por lo que es uno de los países con mayor presencia de emigrantes venidos de Euskadi. Archived 2 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine
^ (in Spanish) Presencia vasca en Chile.
^ Zoellner, Oliver. "Oliver Zöllner – Generating Samples of Ethnic Minorities in Chile – German Chileans – Alemanes en Chile". www.research-worldwide.de.
^ a b "Santiago de Chile es un modelo de convivencia palestino-judía". Aurora (in Spanish). EFE/Aurora. 17 October 2009. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012.
^ "Chile: Palestinian refugees arrive to warm welcome". Adnkronos.com. 7 April 2003. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
^ (in Spanish) 500,000 descendientes de primera y segunda generación de palestinos en Chile. Archived 13 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine
^ (in Spanish) Santiago de Chile es un modelo de convivencia palestino-judía.[dead link]
^ Kawar, Adib (5 May 2008). "Exiling Palestinians to Chile!!". Palestine Think Tank. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008.
^ (in Spanish) Chile tiene la comunidad palestina más grande fuera del mundo árabe, unos 500.000 descendientes.
^ (in Spanish) Diaspora Croata..
^ Ilić, Merien (25 March 2009). "Splitski osnovnoškolci rođeni u Čileu" [Split primary school pupils were born in Chile] (in Croatian). Matis.hr. Archived from the original on 17 September 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
^ "hrvatski". Hrvatski.cl. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
^ "Historia de Chile, Británicos y Anglosajones en Chile durante el siglo XIX". Retrieved 26 April 2009.
^ (in Spanish) Embajada de Grecia en Chile. Archived 16 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine
^ (in Spanish) Griegos de Chile Archived 16 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine
^ 90,000 descendants Swiss in Chile. Archived 25 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine
^ (in Spanish) 5% de los chilenos tiene origen frances. Archived 12 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Juan Bialet Massé en su informe sobre "El estado de las clases obreras en el interior del país"". Oni.escuelas.edu.ar. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
^ Fierro, Marta. "Identidad social" [Social Identity] (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 25 February 2009. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
^ "Etnicidad y ciudadanía en América Latina". Retrieved 4 December 2011.
^ Library of Congress of Chile: Nacionalidad y ciudadanía. Artículo 10, inciso primero de la Constitución de 1980. Review: 2019-27-5.
^ Demográficas y Vitales, INE Chile. Review: 2019-14-2.
^ Canal 13: Censo 2017: 28% de habitantes en la comuna de Santiago son inmigrantes. Published: 5 May 2018.
^ Estas son las comunas de Chile con mayor porcentaje de población extranjera. 24 Horas Chile. Published 5 May 2018.
^ El 11% de los habitantes de Antofagasta son extranjeros. Soy Antofagasta. Published: 5 May 2018.
^ Foerster, Rolf 2001. Sociedad mapuche y sociedad chilena: la deuda histórica. Polis, Revista de la Universidad Bolivariana.
^ "1907 census". Memoriachilena.cl. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
^ "Censo 2002 – Síntesis de Resultados" (PDF). Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas.
^ "2002 Chilean Census" (PDF). Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 May 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
^ "Encuesta – 2015" (PDF) (in Spanish). Plaza Publica Cadem. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
^ Mularski, Jedrek. Music, Politics, and Nationalism in Latin America: Chile During the Cold War Era. Amherst: Cambria Press. ISBN 9781604978889.
^ Bachelet is first female Chilean leader New Age (Online Newspaper)
^ "Diversity news page". Untoldlondon.org.uk. 10 October 2011. Archived from the original on 5 April 2009. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
^ "Chilean Americans". Everyculture.com. 11 September 1973. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
^ "Origins: History of immigration from Chile – Immigration Museum, Melbourne Australia". Museumvictoria.com.au. Archived from the original on 17 March 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chileans&oldid=1135711337"


This blanco mezcal is distilled from 100% agave durangensis, which is native to and grows on the rocky slopes of Durango's central valley. The Mezcales de Leyenda cooperative was formed to promote the sustainable production of unaged mezcals from the Mexican states of Durango, Guerrero, and Oaxaca. All products are USDA and CCOF certified organic.
"This is a deliciously approachable mezcal with inviting aromas of sandalwood, warm earth, and salted melon. Not smokey — the palate has fantastic weight and delicious flavors of sweet corn, yellow bell peppers, and candied plums. The finish has a warming wave of habanero pepper that washes the sweet tones away and lingers admirably."


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from Development Channel
This Week in Markets and Democracy: EU Investigates Panama Papers, Airbus Subsidy Ruling, Och-Ziff Bribery Settlement
An Airbus A380 performs during a flying display at the 47th Paris Air Show at Le Bourget airport near Paris, June 21, 2007 (Reuters/Pascal Rossigno).
Blog Post by Shannon K. O'Neil
Blog posts represent the views of CFR fellows and staff and not those of CFR, which takes no institutional positions.
The EU Investigates the Panama Papers
Six months after the first Panama Papers leak, revelations about the global shell company business continue. The latest tranche of documents from the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) detail over 175,000 Bahamian companies, many linked to European Union (EU) politicians. Having just opened a Panama Papers-inspired inquiry into whether the European Commission or European governments were applying their own laws on tax-avoidance and financial transparency, the new data illuminates potential test cases—including the former EU commissioner for competition policy and current UK home secretary. Reporters and the named politicians will be asked to speak at upcoming hearings that could lead to reforms.
Boeing Wins, but Global Trade May Lose
The United States won the latest round in a twelve-year trade dispute between the world's two biggest aircraft manufacturers: U.S.-based Boeing and its European competitor, Airbus. Last week the World Trade Organization (WTO) found that the European Union (EU) provided up to $22 billion in illegal subsidies to Airbus, costing Boeing billions of dollars in sales. Worse, the subsidies continued even after a 2011 WTO ruling ordered them to stop. After an appeals process, the United States can impose up to $10 billion in annual retaliatory tariffs. If it does, it will increase the already rising Western protectionism that has led the WTO to cut its 2016 global trade forecast, down from 2.8 to 1.7 percent.
Och-Ziff Pays for Bribery with Money, not Jail Time
The largest publicly-traded U.S. hedge fund, Och-Ziff, reached a settlement with the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) in one of the DOJ's biggest Foreign Corrupt Practices Act cases to date. The financial firm admitted to bribing senior government officials in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)— where it bought mines on the cheap and then sold them for millions in profits—as well as in Chad, Libya, and Niger. At $412 million, the DOJ and SEC fines are some of the heftiest ever; still no one from Och-Ziff will face criminal charges. The DOJ has yet to make good on its 2015 pledge to bring individual criminal charges for corporate wrong doing. As the Och-Ziff case shows, issuing fines is often easier than holding executives accountable for corruption.
This Week in Markets and Democracy: Brazil's Lula Charged, Thai Labor Case, Corporate Tax Battles
New Cyber Brief: Transatlantic Data Transfers: The Slow-Motion Crisis
After Trump: What Will Biden Do on Trade?


"Ice Cream" whispers Clara | Romantic and Lifestyle blog: Kitten Update!
I felt it was time for a kitten update so here are some pics of Neffi's kittens, now at just over 3 weeks old! They've grown so much over the past few weeks and are such big kitties, probably as there are only 3 in the litter now - plus they're all boys!
I also found that kittens are the hardest thing to photograph as they just won't stay still! It took me ages to get pics that weren't somewhat blurry but I managed to get a few nice shots ^^ They have big button blue eyes already, just like their mum!
Such little cuties! I love cats sooo much!
So lovely. Dear, I like all your post very much, it tells me so many thins that I do not touch before, hope you can do this job all the time. By the way, I want to introduce a useful Free Photo Recovery Software, which is a fantasy.
Actually I was googling how much time does surfing took but found this amazing post! Your kitten is growing fast and it is so adorable.


text:
Academic Course Guides
WGS201 Women's Studies in Arts and Humanities
WGS201 Women's Studies in Arts and Humanities: Additional Resources
WGS 201 Women's Studies in Arts and Humanities
Library Resources for WGS201
Art and Gender Equality. Citations are APA format.
Art and Films of Lynn Hershman Leeson : Secret Agents, Private I, The
Meredith Tromble, & Lynn Hershman. (2005). The Art and Films of Lynn Hershman Leeson : Secret Agents, Private I. University of California Press.
"This first historical and critical analysis of her work by prominent scholars and the artist herself brings nearly forty years of creative output into focus by tracking the development of her constant themes through each medium."
Barbara Zucker at Borowsky
Fabbri, A. R. (2007). Barbara Zucker at Borowsky. Art in America, 95(4), 147.
"Reviews an exhibition of work by sculptor Barbara Zucker, at the Borowsky Gallery in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania."
BEARING WITNESS by Faith Ringgold
Ringgold, F. (2018). Bearing Witness. Art in America, 106(3), 80–87.
"Presents a narrative portfolio of Faith Ringgold, best known for her story quilts and who has also been making psychologically charged paintings and sculptures for more than five decades."
BECOMING ROBERTA
HARBISON, I. (2018). Becoming Roberta. Art Monthly, 419, 1–5.
"Leeson discusses her exhibition "First Person Plural, the Electronic Diaries of Lynn Hershman" at KW Berlin in Germany from May to July 2018."
Emma Watson on Feminism Video
Films Media Group. (2016). Great speeches, volume 29: Barack Obama, Emma Watson, Michelle Obama, Joe Biden, and jeb bush. Films On Demand. Retrieved September 30, 2021, from https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=107770&xtid=115703.
Actress, model, and activist Emma Watson delivered a speech before the United Nations General Assembly on feminism as a right for women that should be supported by both genders.
Enacting Feminist Agency: Responsible Anonymity Visual Parodox, and the Guerrilla Girls
Martorana, C. (2017). Enacting Feminist Agency: Responsible Anonymity Visual Parodox, and the Guerrilla Girls. Women & Language, 39(2), 7–30.
"Offers an analysis of the efforts of activist group Guerrilla Girls to explore engagement of feminist agents in collective and visual actions."
Faith Ringgold's Quilts and Picturebooks: Comparisons and Contributions
Millman, J. (2005). Faith Ringgold's Quilts and Picturebooks: Comparisons and Contributions. Children's Literature in Education, 36(4), 381–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10583-005-8318-0
Using Ringgold's work as an example, this article supports the view that picturebooks should be considered a fine art form.
Florine Stettheimer: A private vision by Barbara Zucker
Zucker, B. (1978). Florine Stettheimer: A private vision. Women's Studies, 6(1), 89. https://doi.org/10.1080/00497878.1978.9978467
"Features Florine Stettheimer, a woman artist in the United States in the early 1900s. Range of artworks; Description of Stettheimer's artworks; Contributions to the field of women's studies in art."
Frida's Moment
Trebay, G. (2015, May 10). Frida's Moment. New York Times, 1(L). https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A412874182/OVIC?u=kctcsmcc&sid=bookmark-OVIC&xid=95a1238e
"Frida Kahlo achieved celebrity even in her brief lifetime that extended far beyond Mexico's borders, although nothing like the cult status that would eventually make her the mother of the selfie, her indelible image recognizable everywhere."
Morrison, J. (2003). Frida Kahlo. Frida Kahlo, 6.
Frida Kahlo. (1998). In Encyclopedia of World Biography Online. Gale. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631003490/OVIC?u=kctcsmcc&sid=bookmark-OVIC&xid=b1a1b4d5
"Unlike Rivera's murals, which were grandiose and filled with political ideology, Kahlo's work was intimate, personal, and in the tradition of easel painting. "
Gender Bias Reveals Consequences For Female Artists
Gender Bias Reveals Consequences For Female Artists [Radio broadcast transcript]. (2020, January 24). Morning Edition, NA. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A612422728/OVIC?u=kctcsmcc&sid=bookmark-OVIC&xid=ed6bc762
"Women artists are routinely left out of museum exhibits, and their work is on average valued much less than that of their male peers."
Guerrilla Girls' Reckoning, The
Chave, A. C. (2011). The Guerrilla Girls' Reckoning. Art Journal, 70(2), 102–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/00043249.2011.10791004
"Discusses the group of anonymous women activist artists named the Guerrilla Girls that formed in New York City in 1985 to address sexual discrimination against women and minorities occurring in the U.S. art industry."
Guerrilla Girls and Guerrilla Girls BroadBand: Inside Story.
et alia, "Gertrude Stein." (2011). Guerrilla Girls and Guerrilla Girls BroadBand: Inside Story. Art Journal, 70(2), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/00043249.2011.10791003
"Discusses the history of the Guerrilla Girls, a group of women activist artists who banded together in 1985 in the Soho neighborhood of New York City."
Is social media reinforcing gender disparities among researchers?
Is social media reinforcing gender disparities among researchers? (2019). Infectious Disease News, 32(11), 68. https://libproxy.kctcs.edu/Maysville?url=https://www.proquest.com/trade-journals/is-social-media-reinforcing-gender-disparities/docview/2352580894/se-2?accountid=12312
"The authors are correct that gender disparities exist for women in medicine, and based on this research, this includes the level of influence on social media for women vs. men"
Pain of Frida Kahlo,The
Smee, S. (2019, February 15). The pain of Frida Kahlo. Washington Post. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A574235859/OVIC?u=kctcsmcc&sid=bookmark-OVIC&xid=9f703189
"The Brooklyn show is not just about how Kahlo made herself visible and known. It is as much about how she sought to avoid the ignominy of being too well known. It is, in short, about mystique."
Breznican, A. (2017). REBEL BELLE. (cover story). Entertainment Weekly, 1454/1455, 24–30.
"Before she agreed to star in Disney's live-action Beauty and the Beast, Emma Watson wanted her princess to get a serious rethink. Inside the making of a new girl-power icon who is BEYOND BEAUTIFUL"
Success in science: what we can learn from women artists
Mody, L., Howell, J. D., & Saint, S. (2019). Success in science: what we can learn from women artists. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 129(11), 4560-4562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI130899
"Consider what they as scientists can learn from three female artists."
There's now a House Men for Women Caucus, but its policy agenda is unclear
There's now a House Men for Women Caucus, but its policy agenda is unclear. (2015, September 28). Washingtonpost.com. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A430150998/OVIC?u=kctcsmcc&sid=bookmark-OVIC&xid=077f6498
"Rep. Don Beyer (D-Va.), founded the Men for Women Caucus in the U.S. House; outlined all the benefits of boosting women's representation in the workforce, particularly in the highest echelons of power."
Trouble with Frida Kahlo: uncomfortable truths about this season's hottest female artist, The
Mencimer, S. (2002, June). The trouble with Frida Kahlo: uncomfortable truths about this season's hottest female artist. Washington Monthly, 34(6), 26+. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A87706849/OVIC?u=kctcsmcc&sid=bookmark-OVIC&xid=0be4541c
"What looked like a fad a decade ago has only grown stronger as Kahlo has been embraced as a poster child for every possible politically correct cause."
Uninhabited Dresses: Frida Kahlo, from Icon of Mexico to Fashion Muse
Aragón, A. F. (2014). Uninhabited Dresses: Frida Kahlo, from Icon of Mexico to Fashion Muse. Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body & Culture, 18(5), 517–549. https://doi.org/10.2752/175174114X14042383562065
This article examines the shifting meanings of Frida Kahlo's figure an the Tehuana ethnic dress known as her trademark look.
Advertising and Gender Equality. Citations are APA format.
Great Body-Acceptance Debate, The
Williams, J. P. (2020). The Great Body-Acceptance Debate. U.S. News & World Report - The Report, C11–C15.
"A battle over the perils of obesity is playing out in pop culture and the medical community."
Interview: Author Jean Kilbourne talks about how the media has raised the concept of beauty to a dangerously unachievable ideal
Interview: Author Jean Kilbourne talks about how the media has raised the concept of beauty to a dangerously unachievable ideal. (2004, June 22). Morning Edition. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A162006550/OVIC?u=kctcsmcc&sid=bookmark-OVIC&xid=965ecb52
"For almost 30 years, Jean Kilbourne has been studying the effects of advertising on girls. Ms. Kilbourne says that ads are aimed at the very heart of girls' insecurities."
Limiting the effects of the media on body image: does the length of a media literacy intervention make a difference?
Watson, R., & Vaughn, L. (2006). Limiting the Effects of the Media on Body Image: Does the Length of a Media Literacy Intervention Make a Difference? Eating Disorders, 14(5), 385–400. https://doi.org/10.1080/10640260600952530
"This study examined whether or not the length of a media literacy intervention had an impact on awareness of sociocultural ideals, internalization of sociocultural ideals, and body dissatisfaction."
MEDIA LITERACY AS AN EDUCATIONAL METHOD FOR ADDRESSING COLLEGE WOMEN'S BODY IMAGE ISSUES
Chambers, K. L., & Alexander, S. M. (2007). Media Literacy as an Educational Method for Addressing College Women's Body Image Issues. Education, 127(4), 490–497.
"This study assesses the effectiveness of media literacy in the college classroom by comparing two modalities of learning, watching a video versus reading a text. "
<< Previous: Library Resources for WGS201
URL: https://libguides.maysville.kctcs.edu/wgs201


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on Lake George
About Land's End
1876 House
Guest Lodge
Ride to the Waterfront
About Land's End
A nineteenth century lakefront hideaway, Land's End is comprised of two cottages on a little over one acre with 147 feet of private waterfront. The two cottages are the four-bedroom 1876 House (built that year) and its two-bedroom Guest Lodge.
Both cottages have well-equipped kitchens and spacious porches and decks overlooking lake and mountains. Care has been taken through the years to preserve the original architectural features of the cottages and their back-in-time interiors.
There is an E-shaped dock with a Boat House for canoe and kayak storage. The lakefront is ideal for children, with sandy-bottom swimming in clear, shallow water.
Located on the east side of 32-mile-long Lake George, known nationally as "Queen of America's lakes," Land's End is one mile south of Huletts Landing, NY, within the six-million-acre Adirondack Park.
Views from the site are dramatic. Across the lake to the west is the forever-wild Tongue Mountain range rising abruptly from the water. Width of the lake at the site is about one mile, with undeveloped islands midway across.
There are tall white pines, cedars and hemlocks rooted in beds of vibrant green ferns accented by wildflowers. There is peace and quiet with private spots where one can pause, take stock and renew. This is an exceptional environment for family recreation and renewal in a magnificent setting of natural beauty.
Sally and Bill Faber own Land's End. Bill founded Resorts Management, Inc., in 1973 and was its President until his retirement in 1998. The Fabers' prior experience includes 16 years with conservationist Laurance S. Rockefeller's Rockresorts, Inc., the last four of which Bill served as Executive Vice President. Preservation of the natural beauty of the Land's End environment coupled with the ability for others to enjoy this environment recreationally are goals of their ownership.
© 2020 Website by Terrier Tenacity


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Deutsch German de
All our tours at a glance
Desert & Safaris
Mountains & Hiking
City Life & Markets
Atlas Mountains and Central Morocco
Individual Tours
Morocco Individual Tours
Find a Rental Car
Sustainable and fair tourism
Why we only offer small travel groups
Travel information about Morocco
Morocco Culture & People
Morocco Culture & People – A World Between Tradition and Modernity
A colourful society full of tradition
The culture of Morocco is marked by the rich history of the country and the peoples who have inhabited it for centuries. The original inhabitants are the Berbers, who settled as nomads in the territory of today's Morocco 6000 years ago. They were followed by Arabs in several waves of immigration, as well as the minority groups Hawatin and Gnawa, who live mainly on the border with Western Sahara. The French and Spanish colonial history has also left its traces in Morocco. This mix makes Morocco an exciting country full of diversity that will surprise you every day of your journey.
To the adventures about culture & people
Multilingualism and Religion
Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca
The official languages of Morocco are Arabic and the Berber dialect Mazirian. Due to its historical past, French is still widely spoken. Young Moroccans, in particular, are increasingly learning English, also because of the necessity of this language for tourism professions. Religious life is dominated by Islam, which is professed by over 98% of the population. The three-day sugar festival at the end of Ramadan, the month of fasting, is one of the social highlights of the year. The small Moroccan minority, which belongs to Christianity, is above all Catholic. The once largest North African community of the Jewish religion has shrunk to a minimum in recent decades due to emigration to Israel. Only in Casablanca there is a small, but all the more active community and the coexistence of the different religious groups is very harmonious.
Moroccan table manners and craftsmanship
Tratitional arts and crafts in Marrakesh, Morocco
Not only at religious festivals, but also in everyday life, food has a very special significance and a simple meal is quickly transformed into an impressive celebration during a visit. If you are invited to dinner with a Moroccan family, you will be welcomed with warm and attentive hospitality. For a perfect evening there are only a few rules to follow: Shoes are always taken off in the hallway and never worn in the living rooms, as a gift for the guests they are especially happy about small sweets and are eaten with the right hand. As colourful as the Moroccan cuisine full of couscous, fresh vegetables, herbs and grilled meat, are the art and traditional crafts of the country. The markets sell brightly coloured ceramics, high quality leather goods and the decorative copper and brass objects that are very popular in Morocco. Another cultural characteristic comes into play here: bargaining!
Our adventures about Morocco's culture & people
Book now and discover country and people of Morocco!
Atlas Mountains Trekking Trip – Jbel Toubkal and National Park Toubkal | 8 days
Desert trekking Morocco – the ultimate desert adventure | 10 days
Experience South Morocco – desert and mountains | 6 days
Morocco Roundtrip from Marrakech – Cities, Mountains, Desert and Sea | 11 Days
Morocco Yoga Retreat from Marrakech – Sahara, Sea & Oases | 11 Days
Round trip South Morocco and Atlantic from Marrakech | 9 days
Trekking tour Atlas mountains incl. summit ascent | 4 days
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Statement of Bishops of Scotland, England & Wales on the Treaty Prohibiting Nuclear Weapons
Statement on the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
On Friday 22 January 2021 the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons comes into force. This is an historic milestone on the path to nuclear disarmament and an opportunity to refocus on genuine peacebuilding rooted in dialogue, justice, respect for human dignity, and care for our planet.
In setting out the "moral and humanitarian imperative" for complete elimination of nuclear weapons, Pope Francis reminded us that "international peace and stability cannot be based on a false sense of security, on the threat of mutual destruction or total annihilation."[1]
We urge support for the Treaty and repeat our call for the UK to forsake its nuclear arsenal. The resources spent on manufacturing, maintaining and upgrading these weapons of mass destruction, should be reinvested to alleviate the suffering of the poorest and most vulnerable members of our society, for the Common Good of all peoples.[2]
At the same time, we implore the government to strengthen its arms control regulations, tackling the manufacture and sale of other weaponry, which continues to destroy so many lives throughout the world.
Above all we pray: "Lord, Father of our human family, you created all human beings equal in dignity; pour forth into our hearts a fraternal spirit. Move us to create healthier societies and a more dignified world, a world without hunger, poverty, violence and war."[3]
+Declan Lang
Bishop of Clifton
Chair, International Affairs Department, Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales
+William Nolan
Bishop of Galloway
Commission for Justice and Peace, Catholic Bishops' Conference of Scotland
+William Kenney
Auxiliary Bishop of Birmingham
[1] Message to the UN conference to negotiate a legally binding instrument to prohibit nuclear weapons, leading towards their total elimination (23 March 2017) vatican.va/content/francesco/en/messages/pont-messages/2017/documents/papa-francesco_20170323_messaggio-onu.html
[2] Statement on nuclear weapons (4 August 2020) cbcew.org.uk/statement-on-nuclear-weapons/
[3] Fratelli Tutti vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20201003_enciclica-fratelli-tutti.html


A few times a year, I allow myself to be a real "dip!" I eat whatever I want, and pay for it later, by exercising like crazy. New Years is one of those "dip times." This dip is fast and super simple to throw together in a crock pot or slow cooker, and serve at one of those dippy parties. Even the pickiest of dips in your family will enjoy this cheesy salsa Chili dip. Serve this with tortilla chips, crackers, and cut up vegetables. It's really quite addictive, so be careful……don't be too big of a dip!
*I use the Homemade brand Chili sauce….love it!
MIX ingredients in microwaveable bowl. MICROWAVE on HIGH 5 min. or until VELVEETA is completely melted, stirring after 3 min. SERVE with tortilla chips, assorted cut-up fresh vegetables.
*I place my dip in a slow cooker on low, so that it stays warm while serving. Easy and delicious!