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Combating Human Trafficking Act, 2021, S.O. 2021, c. 21 - Bill 251
Show explanatory note
This Explanatory Note was written as a reader's aid to Bill 251 and does not form part of the law. Bill 251 has been enacted as Chapter 21 of the Statutes of Ontario, 2021.
Accommodation Sector Registration of Guests Act, 2021
The Schedule enacts the Accommodation Sector Registration of Guests Act, 2021 and repeals the Hotel Registration of Guests Act.
The new Act requires hotels to keep a register of guests and record their names, residences and other prescribed information. Businesses in a prescribed class are also required to keep these registers.
Police officers and First Nations Constables may make an application to a justice for an order requiring the production of a specified portion of the register if there are reasonable grounds to believe that a person is currently a victim of human trafficking or is at imminent risk of being trafficked and that the information in the register will assist in locating or identifying them. They may make an urgent demand to view this information if there are reasonable grounds to believe the victim of human trafficking will suffer bodily harm or that the information recorded in the register will be destroyed within the time it would take to obtain an order.
A written report must be prepared when an urgent demand is made containing the reasons why the criteria for making the urgent demand were met. Chiefs of police must prepare annual reports on the total number of urgent demands made in the year and the number of human trafficking investigations to which they relate.
The Act sets out offences for failing to comply with these provisions and for making certain false statements.
The register provisions of the Hotel Registration of Guests Act continue to apply with respect to guests who were admitted in a hotel or business in a prescribed class before these new requirements came into force.
ANTI-HUMAN TRAFFICKING STRATEGY ACT, 2021
The Schedule enacts the Anti-Human Trafficking Strategy Act, 2021. The Act requires the Government of Ontario to maintain an anti-human trafficking strategy that aims to end human trafficking in Ontario and support persons who have experienced human trafficking. The Act requires that the strategy be reviewed at least every five years and that the Government of Ontario have regard to certain principles when reviewing the strategy.
The Act provides the Lieutenant Governor in Council with authority to make regulations relating to the dissemination of information about human trafficking, training on human trafficking and the reporting of instances of suspected human trafficking as well as relating to the collection and provision of information for specific purposes. The Act also provides the Lieutenant Governor in Council with authority to make certain regulations related to entities that post, publish or otherwise disseminate advertisements for sexual services and entities that operate platforms for such advertisements. Finally, the Act includes provisions for the enforcement of any regulatory requirements.
Child, Youth and Family Services Act, 2017
The Schedule makes various amendments to the Child, Youth and Family Services Act, 2017:
1. Subsection 74 (2) of the Act currently provides for circumstances in which a child may be in need of protection for the purposes of Part V (Child Protection) of the Act. This subsection is amended to provide for additional circumstances that relate to child sex trafficking. Analogous circumstances are added to subsection 125 (1) of the Act, which sets out when a person has a duty to report a child who may be in need of protection to a children's aid society.
2. The Act is amended to add a new section 77.1, which provides that a child protection worker or a peace officer may bring a child who is 16 or 17 to another location for the purposes of offering services and supports to the child where the worker or peace officer has reasonable and probable grounds to believe that the child has been sexually exploited as a result of being subjected to child sex trafficking and that another specified circumstance, related to the capacity of the child to make mature and independent judgements, exists.
3. Section 140 of the Act currently prohibits interference with a child who is subject to an order for society supervision, interim society care or extended society care. This section is amended to include a child who is subject to a temporary order for care and custody.
4. The penalties set out in the Act for contravening section 140 of the Act and for obstructing a child protection worker or a peace officer who is acting under various provisions of the Act, including the newly added section 77.1, are amended to increase the maximum fine as well as the maximum term of imprisonment.
5. Finally, the Act is amended with respect to procedures for prosecuting offences under Part V of the Act.
Prevention of and Remedies for Human Trafficking Act, 2017
The Prevention of and Remedies for Human Trafficking Act, 2017 is amended in the following ways with respect to restraining orders that may be made under Part II of the Act:
1. Section 3 of the Act is amended to expressly provide that a person caring for a child victim under customary care as defined in the Child, Youth and Family Services Act, 2017 may apply for a restraining order.
2. Section 4 of the Act is amended to specify that, in addition to the protection of a victim, the protection of any other person is a factor in the making of a restraining order under that section.
3. Section 5 of the Act is amended to provide that a restraining order may, in specified circumstances, be made or extended for a period of longer than three years.
An Act to enact, amend and repeal various Acts in respect of human trafficking matters
Assented to June 3, 2021
Contents of this Act
Short title
Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario, enacts as follows:
1 This Act consists of this section, sections 2 and 3 and the Schedules to this Act.
2 (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), this Act comes into force on the day it receives Royal Assent.
(2) The Schedules to this Act come into force as provided in each Schedule.
(3) If a Schedule to this Act provides that any of its provisions are to come into force on a day to be named by proclamation of the Lieutenant Governor, a proclamation may apply to one or more of those provisions, and proclamations may be issued at different times with respect to any of those provisions.
3 The short title of this Act is the Combating Human Trafficking Act, 2021.
"chief of police" means,
(a) a chief of police as defined in subsection 2 (1) of the Police Services Act, or
(b) a First Nations Constable who is in charge of a group of First Nations Constables described in clause (b) of the definition of "police force"; ("chef de police")
"First Nations Constable" means a First Nations Constable appointed under the Police Services Act; ("agent des Premières Nations")
"hotel" means a building, two or more connected buildings or a portion of a building or two or more connected buildings that,
(a) is mainly used for the commercial purpose of providing the travelling public with transient accommodation,
(b) contains at least six bedrooms or suites, and
(c) is not a boarding house, apartment house or other prescribed type of building; ("hôtel")
"human trafficking" has the same meaning as in the Anti-Human Trafficking Strategy Act, 2021; ("traite des personnes")
"Minister" means the Minister of Heritage, Sport, Tourism and Culture Industries or such other member of the Executive Council as may be assigned the administration of this Act under the Executive Council Act; ("ministre")
"officer" means,
(a) a police officer as defined in subsection 2 (1) of the Police Services Act, or
(b) a First Nations Constable; ("agent")
"police force" means,
(a) a police force as defined in subsection 2 (1) of the Police Services Act, or
(b) a group of First Nations Constables who are employed by an entity that has an agreement with the Solicitor General; ("corps de police")
"prescribed" means prescribed by the regulations; ("prescrit")
"regulations" means the regulations made under this Act. ("règlements")
Hotel register
2 (1) The owner and the manager of a hotel shall ensure that the hotel maintains a register.
(2) The owner and the manager of a hotel shall ensure that the following information is recorded in the register every time a guest or group of guests is admitted to occupy a bedroom or suite in the hotel:
1. The name of one of the guests who will occupy the bedroom or suite.
2. The primary residence of that guest or, if they have no primary residence, the municipality in which they usually reside.
3. Any other prescribed information.
Maintenance of information
(3) The owner and the manager of a hotel shall ensure that the information described in subsection (2) is maintained in the register for the prescribed period after it was recorded.
Prescribed businesses
3 (1) The owner or operator of a business in a prescribed class shall maintain a register.
Applicable provisions
(2) Subsections 2 (2) and (3) apply to the owner or operator of a business in a prescribed class subject to any modifications that may be set out in the regulations.
Production of register
Order to produce portion of register
4 (1) On application made in writing by an officer, a justice may make an order requiring the owner or manager of a hotel, or the owner or operator of a business in a prescribed class, to produce a copy of a specified portion of the register to the officer if the justice is satisfied on the basis of information provided under oath that there are reasonable grounds to believe that,
(a) a person is currently a victim of human trafficking or is at imminent risk of being trafficked; and
(b) information in the specified portion of the register will assist in locating or identifying that person.
Urgent demand to view register
(2) An officer may in writing make a demand to view information recorded in the register of a hotel or business in a prescribed class if the officer is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds to believe information recorded in the register will assist in locating or identifying a person who is currently a victim of human trafficking or is at imminent risk of being trafficked and,
(a) there are reasonable grounds to suspect the victim of human trafficking will suffer bodily harm within the time it would take to obtain an order under subsection (1); or
(b) there are reasonable grounds to believe information recorded in the register will be destroyed within the time it would take to obtain an order under subsection (1).
Copying information from register
(3) In exercising the power described in subsection (2), an officer may make a copy of any portion of the register that the officer has reasonable grounds to believe will assist in locating or identifying a person who is currently a victim of human trafficking or is at imminent risk of being trafficked.
Time for compliance
(4) The owner and the manager of a hotel and the owner or operator of a business in a prescribed class shall,
(a) comply with an order made under subsection (1) within the time specified in the order; and
(b) immediately comply with an urgent demand made under subsection (2).
Urgent demand report
(5) An officer who makes an urgent demand under subsection (2) shall, within the prescribed timeframe, provide a written report to the member of the police force that is designated by their chief of police to receive such reports.
(6) The report shall contain,
(a) the reasons that, in the view of the officer who made the urgent demand, the requirements under clauses (2) (a) and (b) were met in the circumstances; and
(b) any other prescribed information.
5 (1) On or before the prescribed date in each year, every chief of police shall prepare an annual report under this section and shall,
(a) in the case of a municipal chief of police, provide a copy of the report to the board of the police force;
(b) in the case of a chief of police who is in charge of a group of First Nations Constables, provide a copy of the report to the entity that employs them and that has an agreement with the Solicitor General; and
(c) in the case of the Commissioner of the Ontario Provincial Police, provide a copy of the report to the Solicitor General.
Report public
(2) After receiving a report, a board or entity shall,
(a) provide a copy of the report to the Solicitor General; and
(b) make the report available to the public in the prescribed manner.
(3) After receiving the report from the Commissioner of the Ontario Provincial Police, the Solicitor General shall make the report available to the public in the prescribed manner.
(4) The annual report for a year shall contain,
(a) the total number of urgent demands made by the officers under subsection 4 (2) in that year and the number of human trafficking investigations to which they relate; and
6 (1) An owner or manager of a hotel, or an owner or operator of a business in a prescribed class, who fails to keep a register as required by section 2 or 3, knowingly and wilfully permits a false statement to be entered in the register or fails to comply with an order or urgent demand as required by subsection 4 (4) is guilty of an offence and on conviction is liable to a fine of not more than $5,000.
(2) A person who applies for admission as a guest in a hotel or business in a prescribed class who makes a false statement of information that is required to be in the register is guilty of an offence and on conviction is liable to a fine of not more than $5,000.
7 The Minister may make regulations,
(a) respecting anything that, in this Act, may or must be prescribed or done by regulation;
(b) prescribing additional information that must be recorded in a register, which may require recording the names, residence or other information of more than one person from a group of guests that occupies a bedroom or suite;
(c) modifying the application of subsections 2 (2) and (3) to businesses in a prescribed class;
(d) defining words and expressions used in this Act that are not otherwise defined in this Act;
(e) respecting any matter that is necessary or advisable to implement this Act effectively.
8 Sections 2 and 3 of this Act do not apply with respect to guests who were admitted in a hotel or business in a prescribed class on or before the day section 2 of Schedule 1 to the Combating Human Trafficking Act, 2021 came into force and instead the provisions of the Hotel Registration of Guests Act, as they read immediately before that day, continue to apply with respect to them.
Amendments to this Act
9 (1) The definitions of "chief of police", "First Nations Constable", "officer" and "police force" in section 1 of this Act are repealed.
(2) Section 1 of this Act is amended by adding the following definitions:
(a) a chief of police as defined in subsection 2 (1) of the Community Safety and Policing Act, 2019, or
(b) a First Nation Officer who is in charge of a group of First Nation Officers described in clause (b) of the definition of "police service"; ("chef de police")
"First Nation Officer" means a First Nation Officer appointed under the Community Safety and Policing Act, 2019; ("agent de Première Nation")
(a) a police officer as defined in subsection 2 (1) of the Community Safety and Policing Act, 2019, or
(b) a First Nation Officer; ("agent")
"police service" means,
(a) a police service as defined in subsection 2 (1) of the Community Safety and Policing Act, 2019, or
(b) a group of First Nation Officers who are employed by an entity that has an agreement with the Solicitor General; ("service de police")
(3) Subsection 4 (5) of this Act is amended by striking out "police force" and substituting "police service".
(4) Clause 5 (1) (a) of this Act is repealed and the following substituted:
(a) in the case of a chief of police of a police service maintained by a police service board, provide a copy of the report to the board;
(5) Clause 5 (1) (b) of this Act is amended by striking out "First Nations Constables" and substituting "First Nation Officers".
10 The Hotel Registration of Guests Act is repealed.
11 The Act set out in this Schedule comes into force on a day to be named by proclamation of the Lieutenant Governor.
12 The short title of the Act set out in this Schedule is the Accommodation Sector Registration of Guests Act, 2021.
Anti-Human Trafficking Strategy
Review of the strategy
Regulations Respecting Anti-Human Trafficking Measures
Regulations, anti-human trafficking measures
General Regulations and Miscellaneous
Crown bound
Commencement and Short Title
Human trafficking is a human rights violation and a complex problem in Ontario that takes many forms.
Ontario recognizes that human trafficking impacts individuals and communities across the province, and that certain populations may be disproportionately impacted by human trafficking, such as women and girls and racialized groups including Indigenous and Black communities.
A survivor-centred, comprehensive and collaborative approach is required to protect those most vulnerable, to support survivors and to end human trafficking in Ontario.
"human trafficking" means conduct described in sections 279.01, 279.011, 279.02 and 279.03 of the Criminal Code (Canada), without regard to the interpretive rules set out in section 279.04 of that Act; ("traite des personnes")
"Minister" means the Minister of Children, Community and Social Services or such other member of the Executive Council to whom the administration of this Act is assigned under the Executive Council Act. ("ministre")
2 (1) The Government of Ontario shall maintain an anti-human trafficking strategy that aims to end human trafficking in Ontario and support persons who have experienced human trafficking.
Content of strategy
(2) The strategy shall include initiatives to achieve the aims referred to in subsection (1) and address any other related matters the Minister considers appropriate.
3 The Minister shall periodically publish reports on the actions taken as part of the strategy.
4 (1) The anti-human trafficking strategy shall be reviewed at least every five years.
(2) In reviewing the strategy, the Government of Ontario shall have regard to the paramount principles set out in subsection 5 (1) and the additional principles set out in subsection 5 (2).
(3) As part of the review, the Minister shall,
(a) inform the public that the strategy is being reviewed and solicit the views of the public with respect to the strategy; and
(b) consult, in the manner the Minister considers appropriate, with such community organizations, individuals, other levels of government and stakeholders as the Minister considers appropriate.
(4) The Minister shall ensure that persons who have experienced human trafficking and members and representatives of communities that are most adversely impacted by human trafficking are consulted as part of the review, including:
1. Racialized groups, including Indigenous and Black communities and organizations.
2. Sex workers and sex worker advocates.
3. Individuals and organizations involved in the protection of civil liberties.
4. Individuals and organizations involved in public safety, health care provisions and other areas relevant to supporting persons with lived experience in human trafficking.
Amendment of the strategy
(5) After a review is completed, the Government of Ontario shall do one of the following:
1. Amend the strategy.
2. Replace the strategy with a new one.
3. Continue the existing strategy.
(6) The Minister shall publish on a Government of Ontario website the anti-human trafficking strategy, as amended, replaced or continued under subsection (5).
5 (1) The following are the paramount principles referred to in subsection 4 (2):
Human rights-based
1. Promoting and protecting human rights are foundational to an effective strategy.
Survivor-centred
2. It is foundational to the strategy's success that people with lived experiences of human trafficking be empowered and that their expertise be recognized.
Additional principles
(2) The following are the additional principles referred to in subsection 4 (2):
Collective responsibility
1. All communities and all levels of government have a collective responsibility to take action and work collaboratively to end human trafficking and support survivors.
2. Race, ancestry, place of origin, colour, ethnic origin, citizenship, creed, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, age, marital status, family status and disability may intersect and may impact whether and how a person experiences and recovers from human trafficking.
Cultural responsiveness
3. Access to safe, culturally-responsive and respectful services, including for Indigenous individuals and communities, supports the strategy's success.
4. To achieve the strategy's aims, efforts are required to address the root causes of human trafficking and the factors that result in children and other persons being at higher risk of being trafficked.
Trauma-informed
5. Supports provided across service systems over the course of survivors' lives should be informed by the complexity and pervasiveness of trauma and the risk of re-traumatization.
Informed by evidence
6. Decisions should be guided by diverse sources of evidence, including survivors' experiences, promising practices and traditional Indigenous knowledge.
Sustainability and agility
7. A sustainable and agile approach is necessary to adapt to the changing nature of human trafficking and to achieve the strategy's aims.
6 (1) Subject to subsection (3), the Lieutenant Governor in Council may make regulations,
(a) requiring specified persons or entities to disseminate information respecting human trafficking, including providing for the specific information to be disseminated as well as where it is to be disseminated and the manner in which it is to be disseminated;
(b) requiring specified employers to provide training on human trafficking or specified persons to undergo training on human trafficking, including providing for the content and means of delivery of any such training;
(c) imposing requirements on persons or entities to which a regulation made under clause (a) or (b) applies in order to facilitate the enforcement of the requirements of the regulation, including reporting requirements, requirements to make specified information available to the public and record-keeping requirements;
(d) requiring specified persons whose employers are required to provide them training or who are required to undergo training under a regulation made under clause (a) or (b) and who, in the course of their employment or professional duties, witness instances of suspected human trafficking to report such instances, including,
(i) specifying instances that must be reported and to whom the report must be made,
(ii) prescribing the information that must be reported as well as the manner in which the report must be made;
(e) with respect to entities that post, publish or otherwise disseminate advertisements for sexual services and entities that operate platforms for such advertisements,
(i) prescribing the entities and advertisements, including the types or categories of entities and advertisements, to which a regulation made under this clause applies or does not apply,
(ii) requiring such entities to make their contact information available to the public, including providing for the types of contact information to be included as well as the manner in which it is to be made available,
(iii) requiring such entities to respond to the police and other specified persons or entities and providing for the manner in which to respond, including the time period in which the response must be given,
(iv) imposing requirements on such entities in order to facilitate the enforcement of the requirements of the regulation, including reporting requirements, requirements to make specified information available to the public and record-keeping requirements;
(f) requiring specified persons or entities to collect and provide the Minister with information, except for personal information within the meaning of the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, that the Minister determines is necessary in order to,
(i) conduct research and analysis to plan for the delivery of programs and services under the anti-human trafficking strategy,
(ii) evaluate those programs and services;
(g) for the purposes of clause (f), prescribing the type of information to be provided as well as the manner in which it is to be provided.
Protection from liability
(2) No action for making a report as required by a regulation made under clause (1) (d) or for providing information in connection with such a report shall be commenced against a person who made the report or provided the information unless the person acts maliciously or without reasonable grounds for making the report or providing the information.
(3) Before a regulation may be made under subsection (1), the Minister shall consult, in the manner that the Minister considers appropriate, with the persons or bodies that the Minister considers appropriate given the content of the proposed regulation.
(4) A regulation made under subsection (1) shall not permit or require the collection, use or disclosure of personal information if other information will serve the purpose of the collection, use or disclosure, as the case may be.
Extent of information
(5) A regulation made under subsection (1) shall not permit or require the collection, use or disclosure of more personal information than is reasonably necessary to meet the purposes of the collection, use or disclosure, as the case may be.
7 (1) The Minister may appoint inspectors for the purposes of this Act.
Restricted appointments
(2) The Minister may specify, in an appointment, conditions or restrictions to which the appointment is subject.
(3) Subject to subsection (4), for the purpose of determining whether the regulations made under subsection 6 (1) are being complied with, an inspector may, without a warrant or notice, and at any time, enter and inspect any place.
(4) An inspector shall not enter into a place or part of a place that is a dwelling, without the consent of the occupant.
(5) An inspector is not entitled to use force to enter and inspect a place.
(6) An inspector conducting an inspection shall produce, on request, evidence of the inspector's appointment.
Powers of inspector
(7) An inspector conducting an inspection may,
(a) examine a record or other thing that is or may be relevant to the inspection;
(b) demand the production for inspection of a record, in a readable format, or other thing that is or may be relevant to the inspection;
(c) remove for review and copying a record or other thing that is or may be relevant to the inspection;
(d) require that a copy of any record retained in an electronic form be provided on paper or electronically, or both; and
(e) question a person on any matter that is or may be relevant to the inspection, including questioning a person separate from others.
Written demand
(8) A demand that a record or other thing be produced for inspection must be in writing and include a statement of the nature of the record or thing required, and may include a date and time for the record or other thing to be produced.
Records and things removed from place
(9) An inspector who removes a record or other thing shall provide a receipt and return the record or thing within a reasonable time.
Copy admissible in evidence
(10) A copy of a record that purports to be certified by an inspector as being a true copy of the original is admissible in evidence to the same extent as the original and has the same evidentiary value, without proof of the signature or official character of the person appearing to have certified the copy.
(11) No person shall,
(a) obstruct an inspector who is conducting an inspection;
(b) conceal, destroy or refuse to furnish any record or thing required by the inspector for the purposes of the inspection;
(c) provide the inspector with information that the person knows to be false or misleading; or
(d) refuse to answer questions on any matter that is or may be relevant to the inspection.
8 (1) A person is guilty of an offence if the person contravenes,
(a) a provision of a regulation made under subsection 6 (1); or
(b) clause 7 (11) (a), (b), (c) or (d).
Penalty, individual
(2) An individual who is convicted of an offence under subsection (1) is liable to a fine of not more than $50,000.
Penalty, corporation
(3) A corporation that is convicted of an offence under subsection (1) is liable to a fine of not more than $100,000.
(4) Section 76 of the Provincial Offences Act does not apply to a prosecution under this Act.
(5) In a prosecution for an offence under subsection (1) that relates to the reporting of instances of suspected human trafficking or where documents or materials are filed with a court under sections 158 to 160 of the Provincial Offences Act in relation to an investigation into such an offence under this Act, the court may, at any time, take precautions to avoid the disclosure by the court or any person of any personal information, within the meaning of the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, including, where appropriate,
(a) removing the identifying information of any person whose personal information is referred to in any documents or materials;
(b) receiving representations without notice;
(c) conducting hearings or parts of hearings in private; or
(d) sealing all or part of the court files.
9 The Minister may publish or otherwise make available to the public information, including personal information within the meaning of the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, respecting a person or entity's compliance with the regulations made under subsection 6 (1), including information about convictions and penalties imposed on conviction.
10 The Lieutenant Governor in Council may make regulations,
(a) defining any term that is used in this Act and that is not defined in this Act;
(b) providing for how elements of an offence under this Act may be proved in a prosecution, including providing for presumptions that apply or inferences that may be made in the absence of evidence to the contrary.
11 This Act binds the Crown.
12 (1) Subject to subsection (2), the Act set out in this Schedule comes into force on the day the Combating Human Trafficking Act, 2021 receives Royal Assent.
(2) Sections 6 to 10 come into force on a day to be named by proclamation of the Lieutenant Governor.
13 The short title of the Act set out in this Schedule is the Anti-Human Trafficking Strategy Act, 2021.
1 (1) Section 74 of the Child, Youth and Family Services Act, 2017 is amended by adding the following subsection:
Child sex trafficking
(1.1) A child is subjected to child sex trafficking for the purposes of this Part where another person does any of the following for the purposes of sexually exploiting the child:
1. Recruits, transports, transfers, receives, holds, conceals or harbours the child.
2. Exercises control, direction or influence over the movements of the child.
(2) Subsection 74 (2) of the Act is amended by adding the following clauses:
(d.1) the child has been sexually exploited as a result of being subjected to child sex trafficking;
(d.2) there is a risk that the child is likely to be sexually exploited as a result of being subjected to child sex trafficking;
2 The Act is amended by adding the following section before the heading "Legal Representation":
Removal to Offer Voluntary Services
Removal to offer services, children 16 or 17
77.1 (1) A child protection worker or a peace officer may bring a child who is 16 or 17 to another location for up to 12 hours for the purpose of offering services and supports to the child, including the possibility of entering into an agreement under section 77, if the child protection worker or the peace officer has reasonable and probable grounds to believe that the child is in need of protection within the meaning of clause 74 (2) (d.1) and that,
(a) the child has suffered physical harm inflicted by a person involved in subjecting the child to child sex trafficking or received threats of physical harm by such a person;
(b) the child is dependent on alcohol or controlled substances as defined in the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Canada) or is being provided with alcohol or such controlled substances by another person in order to facilitate the sexual exploitation of the child;
(c) the child has a disorder of emotional processes, thought or cognition, a developmental disability or a brain injury and the disorder, disability or injury significantly impairs the child's capacity to make reasoned judgements regarding the circumstances surrounding their sexual exploitation;
(d) the child does not have access to housing other than as provided by a person involved in subjecting the child to child sex trafficking;
(e) the child's finances are being controlled by a person involved in subjecting the child to child sex trafficking or such a person is threatening to control their finances;
(f) the child's personal effects or identification documents are under the control of a person involved in subjecting the child to child sex trafficking;
(g) the child does not have Canadian citizenship and information about their immigration status is being used by another person in order to coerce the child into being sexually exploited; or
(h) the child is otherwise unable to exercise mature and independent judgement regarding the circumstances of their sexual exploitation because the child is being coerced, manipulated or unduly influenced by a person involved in subjecting the child to child sex trafficking.
Police assistance
(2) A child protection worker acting under this section may call for the assistance of a peace officer.
Use of mechanical restraints prohibited
(3) A child protection worker or a peace officer shall not use or permit the use of mechanical restraints on a child when acting under this section.
3 Subsection 125 (1) of the Act is amended by adding the following paragraphs:
4.1 The child has been sexually exploited as a result of being subjected to child sex trafficking.
4.2 There is a risk that the child is likely to be sexually exploited as a result of being subjected to child sex trafficking.
4 Section 140 of the Act is amended by adding "a temporary order for care and custody made under clause 94 (2) (b), (c) or (d) or" after "If a child is the subject of" in the portion before clause (a).
5 Clause 141 (b) of the Act is amended by adding "77.1" before "81".
6 (1) Subsection 142 (1) of the Act is amended by adding "or" at the end of clause (g) and by repealing clauses (h) and (i) and substituting the following:
(h) clause 141 (a) (false information).
(2) Section 142 of the Act is amended by adding the following subsection:
(1.1) A person who contravenes,
(a) any provision of section 140 (interference with child, etc.); or
(b) clause 141 (b) (obstruction, etc.),
and a director, officer or employee of a corporation who authorizes, permits or concurs in such a contravention by the corporation is guilty of an offence and on conviction is liable to a fine of not more than $50,000 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than two years, or to both.
7 The Act is amended by adding the following section:
Offences, procedure
142.1 (1) The Crown may, by notice to the clerk of the Ontario Court of Justice, require that a provincial judge preside over a proceeding in respect of an offence under section 142.
(2) Section 76 of the Provincial Offences Act does not apply to a prosecution under this Part.
8 This Schedule comes into force on a day to be named by proclamation of the Lieutenant Governor.
1 Section 3 of the Prevention of and Remedies for Human Trafficking Act, 2017 is amended by adding the following subsection:
Same, customary care
(1.1) For the purposes of this Part, paragraph 2 of subsection (1) applies with respect to a person caring for a child under customary care as defined in the Child, Youth and Family Services Act, 2017, regardless of whether the customary care constitutes lawful custody of the child.
2 (1) Subsection 4 (4) of the Act is amended by striking out "for the protection of the victim" in the portion before clause (a) and substituting "for the protection of the victim and, if applicable, any other person".
(2) Subsection 4 (5) of the Act is amended by striking out "for the protection of the victim" in the portion before clause (a) and substituting "for the protection of the victim or any other person".
3 Section 5 of the Act is amended by adding the following subsections:
Longer periods of application
(6) Despite subsections (1) and (2), a restraining order may be made or extended for a period of longer than three years, as specified by the court, if the court is satisfied that the longer period is necessary for the protection of any person that the order is intended to protect.
(7) For greater certainty, subsection (6) applies with respect to the extension of a restraining order even if the order was made before the day section 3 of Schedule 4 to the Combating Human Trafficking Act, 2021 came into force.
4 This Schedule comes into force on the day the Combating Human Trafficking Act, 2021 receives Royal Assent.


I noticed when I'm in the "Concours 14 Discussion (C14 / ZG1400 / 1400GTR) General Chat and Tech" discussion, the link for the "Concours 14 Discussion (C14 / ZG1400 / 1400GTR)" at the top goes to "http://forum.cog-online.org/index.php#c10" If you notice at the end of the link, it's referring to the C10 section and not C14.
On a side note...while I don't normally click my back browser button because it doesn't always refresh the content, clicking the "Concours 14 Discussion (C14 / ZG1400 / 1400GTR)" is my goto since it goes to the top since there may have been some new posts which refreshes the page is how I noticed this bug.
Hopefully this can be resolved! TIA!
Not sure how you got that URL... maybe from using the back button. I was unable to duplicate your results.
As I interpret the URL, the "#c10" is an anchor reference in the URL fro the addressed page. In this case it should do nothing in the context of the URL stated because there are no anchors of that name on the referenced page. Click on the URL in question or cut/paste it into the browser and see where it goes.
2. Hover and/or click on "Concours 14 Discussion (C14 / ZG1400 / 1400GTR) in middle area to go back.
It's not a big deal, just being nitpicky since my laptop and browser view is limited. Not a dealbreaker or browser issue, just weird to see "#c10" referenced for the C14 area.
Thanks... now I see where you get it from.
Still a non-issue. As I stated, the #c10 is just html anchor text and unrelated to the actual section content.
The anchor text reference in a URL jumps to the location on the page where the <a> tag with the same name exists.


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text:
Q: how to access json variable from view into controller in asp.net 5 learning asp.net 5.
I have following code in controller and view files. I have declared a javascript/json variable in index view file and I am trying to assign that variable to ViewData in HomeController.cs file. I am displaying ViewData value again in index view. Getting error in HomeController.cs file as json variable is not getting recognized.
HomeController.cs
-------------------
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc;

    namespace EmptyAspDotNet.Controllers
    {
        public class HomeController : Controller
        {
             public IActionResult Index()
            {
                ViewData["message"] = ParaString.message;
                return View();
            }
        }
    }

Index.cshtml
--------------
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Empty Project taking shape</title>
        <script>
           var ParaString = { "message": "Welcome to this project" };
        </script>
    </head>

    <body>
        <h1>@ViewData["message"]</h1>
    </body>
</html>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Art lovers are in for a real treat. The latest work by Bemidji artist and former Bemidji State art professor Marley Kaul is now available for your viewing pleasure in the pages of a new book. We Sit, Paintings by Marley Kaul, Poems by Taiju Geri Wilimek, which made its debut at a private party in the Twin Cities on Nov. 16, is a collection of 20 of Marley's egg tempera paintings accompanied by 20 of Geri's poems. The work was done independently by each artist, then paired up by the book's designer. Both artists were exploring the meaning of life, and facing one's mortality.
Here is a link to a place where books can be purchased.


text:
Postrel: Make the Pill Cheaper by Making it Over the Counter
Nick Gillespie | 3.9.2012 8:43 AM
Birth-control pills, the crux of an ongoing argument about public discourse and health-care mandates, are artificially expensive, writes former Reason editor Virginia Postrel in her latest Bloomberg column.
It's a must-read, as it casts a very dark light on a costly prescription regime many of us take as a fact of nature. Snippets:
Making the pill available over the counter could reduce the amount of outrage and invective available for entertaining radio audiences, spurring political fundraising and otherwise amusing the American public. But the medical risks are quite low….
Birth-control pills can have side effects, of course, but so can such over-the-counter drugs as antihistamines, ibuprofen or the Aleve that once turned me into a scary, hive-covered monster. That's why even the most common over-the-counter drugs, including aspirin, carry warning labels. Most women aren't at risk from oral contraceptives, however, just as most patients aren't at risk from aspirin or Benadryl, and studies suggest that a patient checklist can catch most potential problems….
Aside from safety, the biggest argument for keeping birth- control pills prescription-only is, to put it bluntly, extortion. The current arrangement forces women to go to the doctor at least once a year, usually submitting to a pelvic exam, if they want this extremely reliable form of contraception. That demand may suit doctors' paternalist instincts and financial interests, but it doesn't serve patients' needs. As [a 1993 editorial in the American Journal of Public Health] noted, the exam requirement "assumes that it would be worse for a woman's health to miss out on routine care than it would be to miss out on taking oral contraceptives."
Whole thing here.
Why wasn't Congress and the Executive branch working through issues like this during the debate over President Obama's health-care reform law? Or Mitt Romney when he was pushing his state-level version back in the day? Aren't these folks supposed to be interested in making things cheaper and more accessible for ordinary Americans? It's a sad fact that the smartest people aren't in charge of writing the laws that force us into bad situations.
And now, despite unemployment creeping upwards to 9 percent (according to Gallup) and one-year Greek bonds yielding over 1,000 percent (!), another war in the Middle East looming, we're stuck in a sideshow discussion about whether Rush Limbaugh or Bill Maher is the bigger jerk and whether Catholic universities should have to pick up birth-control costs for law-school students poised to make $160,000 as a starting salary if they enter the private-sector.
Can't legislators agree that those of us who are, say, over 18 years old, are adults and if we can buy condoms without a prescription, we should be able to shop for birth-control pills on our lonesome too? And a host of other drugs?
Further reading: "3 Lessons from the National Conversation About Sluts and Twats."
Nick Gillespie is an editor at large at Reason and host of The Reason Interview With Nick Gillespie.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Team Owner:	Jeffrey Loria
Manager: Dan Jennings
Team Icon: Gary Sheffield
Overall Record: 1,643-1,853
AAA Minor League Affiliate: New Orleans Zephyrs
World Series Titles: 1997, 2003
Stadium: Marlins Park (2012–present)
Stadium Capacity: 36,742
Previous Ball Parks: Sun Life Stadium (1993–2011)
City: Miami, FL
Website: www.miami.marlins.mlb.com
Florida was awarded an expansion team in 1993, and they paid homage to various baseball clubs teams that had played in Miami in years past by using the Marlins nickname that minor league teams in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1980s were known as. The team was originally known as the Florida Marlins in hopes of attracting fans throughout the state.
They changed to the Miami Marlins in 2012 to get financial assistance from the city in order to help pay for their new ballpark.
<< National League | Atlanta Braves | Miami Marlins | New York Mets | Washington Nationals | Philadelphia Phillies


List of ebooks and manuels about "Structures Of Organization"
A project organization is a structure that facilitates the coordination and implementation of project activities. Its main reason is to create an environment that fosters interactions among the team members with a minimum amount of disruptions, overlaps and conflict.
Organizational structures fall on a spectrum with "mechanistic" at one end and "organic" at the other end. Mechanistic structures are typified by narrow spans of control; high centralization, specialization, and formalization; as well as by rigid departmentalization.
Five primary dimensions of organization structure were defined and operationalized; (1) ... structure of an organization and to compare it directly with that of.
The Context of Organization Structures. Aspects of organizational context that have been held to be relevant to organiza- tional structure were examined.
Strategy of development of the organization is the major factor influencing organizational structure of management. ... In article strategy of development of the organization are considered and the best are assumed for them types of organizational structure of management.
decentralization—Mintzberg suggests that the strategy an organization adopts and ... Very early organizational structures were often based either on product or.
Abolish. Do away with, put to an end to or annul existence of an office or post. Agencies. Organizations established to work on behalf of the Government. Appeal.
In the following report, Hanover Research reviews the literature related to matrix organizational structures. In our review, we focus on the different types of matrix.
Today's global operating environment is too unpredictable to rely on organizational structures devised over a century ago in order to adapt and respond to.
organizations, particularly organizations of a new kind or structure. 1 That is, it ... was invented and the social structure of organizations of that type which exist.
Comparison of organizational structures – case Zappos. Subject. International Business Management. Type of the degree. Master of Science.
ate this work as an organization-oriented approach to multi- agent systems, which studies structures that result from the partnership of two or more organizations.
The organizational structures policies of the Postal Service are ... Ensure the relevance and consistency of organizational structures and.
Organizations have become much more adept in implementing complex structures. However, what has not changed is the key to success in working in a matrix.
three are represented here: computer impacts on organization structure, organizations and inno- vation, and measurements of organization central- ization.
Structures Of Organization Files for free and learn more about Structures Of Organization . These Files contain exercises and tutorials to improve your practical skills, at all levels!
You can download PDF versions of the user's guide, manuals and ebooks about Structures Of Organization, you can also find and download for free A free online manual (notices) with beginner and intermediate, Downloads Documentation, You can download PDF files about Structures Of Organization for free, but please respect copyrighted ebooks.


text:
Grombalia () est une ville tunisienne située à une quarantaine de kilomètres au sud-est de Tunis, réputée surtout pour ses vignes.

Elle compte en 2014 une population de  habitants.

Géographie
Elle s'étend au centre d'une plaine qui porte son nom à l'extrémité occidentale de la péninsule du cap Bon.

Située à une altitude de 102 mètres, son périmètre municipal s'étend sur une superficie de  hectares, délimité par les villages de Semmech et Nouel au nord, Nianou à l'est et Turki au sud.

Histoire
Si le nom de la cité laisse transparaître sa lointaine ascendance latine — son nom latin « Hukulumbarros » signifie pigeon voyageur —, la ville actuelle a vu ses premiers habitants arriver d'Andalousie. Une importante colonie italienne a longtemps vécu dans ses environs.

La municipalité de Grombalia est créée par le décret du . Elle est par ailleurs le chef-lieu du gouvernorat du Cap Bon du  au . C'est aussi un chef-lieu de délégation.

Économie
La ville se distingue par ses terres fertiles, son climat modéré, sa pluviométrie abondante (entre 450 et 500 millimètres par an de précipitations) et la forte présence d'eaux souterraines. Vignes et vergers d'agrumes occupent les espaces agricoles : vignes à l'est, agrumes à l'ouest avec ici et là des oliviers.

La viticulture, activité agricole phare de la région, lui procure le titre de  lors de la Rencontre internationale sur la vigne et ses dérivés organisée à Rome le . La surface totale du vignoble atteint  hectares.

Témoin des spécialités régionales, l'Institut sectoriel de formation professionnelle agricole situé à Bouchrik, au Nord-Ouest de la ville, dispense des formations en culture des agrumes et du vignoble.

Patrimoine
Non loin de la ville se trouve Aïn Tébournouk, l'antique Tubernuc, avec sa source captée depuis les Romains. Le site archéologique, qui ne manque pas d'intérêt, et les vestiges s'étendent sur une grande superficie : ancien barrage sur un oued, porte monumentale, forum, capitole, citadelle byzantine, etc.

Culture et sport
La maison de la culture de Grombalia s'occupe d'organiser des manifestations culturelles comme le festival des marionnettes.

Grombalia est aussi connu en basket-ball ; son équipe, le Dalia sportive de Grombalia, a gagné la coupe de Tunisie en 2006. Elle possède aussi sa propre équipe de football, Grombalia Sports, son équipe de tennis de table, la Grappe d'or, et son équipe de handball, la Jeunesse sportive de Grombalia.

Grombalia est jumelée avec la ville de Cisterna di Latina en Italie.

Personnalités

Références

Ville en Tunisie
Gouvernorat de Nabeul

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Justia Regulation Tracker Economic Development Administration
Economic Development Administration – Federal Register Recent Federal Regulation Documents
Notice of Petitions by Firms for Determination of Eligibility To Apply for Trade Adjustment Assistance
Agency: Department of Commerce, Economic Development Administration
Notice of National Advisory Council on Innovation and Entrepreneurship Meeting
The National Advisory Council on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (NACIE) will hold a public meeting via teleconfrerence on Wednesday, December 7, 2016. During this time, members will discuss initial ideas and efforts underway and determine its focus on projects and potential recommendations leading up to NACIE's next quarterly meeting in early 2017.
Webinar on Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, Revolving Loan Fund Program Changes and General Updates to PWEDA Regulations
Type: Proposed Rule
The Economic Development Administration (``EDA''), U.S. Department of Commerce (``DOC''), will hold a webinar to discuss proposed updates to the agency's regulations implementing the Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965, as amended (``PWEDA''). On October 3, 2016, EDA published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (``NPRM'') in the Federal Register at 81 FR 68186. Through this NPRM, EDA is proposing important changes to the regulations governing the Revolving Loan Fund (``RLF'') program that are intended to reflect current best practices and strengthen EDA's efforts to evaluate, monitor, and improve RLF performance by establishing the Risk Analysis System, a risk-based management framework, to evaluate and manage the RLF program. EDA also proposes to reorganize the RLF regulations to improve their readability and clarify the requirements that apply to the distinct phases of an RLF award. In addition, EDA proposes specific changes to RLF requirements to make RLF awards more efficient for Recipients to administer and for EDA to monitor. Through this NPRM EDA proposes important, but less comprehensive updates to other parts of its regulations, including revising definitions, replacing references to superseded regulations to reflect the promulgation of the Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements (2 CFR part 200) (``Uniform Guidance''), streamlining the provisions that outline EDA's application process, and clarifying EDA's property management regulations. Given the more comprehensive nature of the changes being proposed to the RLF program, EDA will use this webinar to focus on the proposed RLF changes and explain both the rationale behind those changes and their potential impact. All members of the public are invited to participate.
Revolving Loan Fund Program Changes and General Updates to PWEDA Regulations
Through this notice of proposed rulemaking (``NPRM''), the Economic Development Administration (``EDA''), U.S. Department of Commerce (``DOC''), proposes and requests comments on updates to the agency's regulations implementing the Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965, as amended (``PWEDA''). In particular, through this NPRM EDA is proposing important changes to the regulations governing the Revolving Loan Fund (``RLF'') program that are intended to reflect current best practices and strengthen EDA's efforts to evaluate, monitor, and improve RLF performance by establishing the Risk Analysis System, a risk-based management framework, to evaluate and manage the RLF program. The proposed Risk Analysis System is modeled on the Uniform Financial Institutions Rating System, commonly known as the capital adequacy, assets, management capability, earnings, liquidity, and sensitivity (``CAMELS'') rating system, which has been used since 1979 to assess financial institutions on a uniform basis and to identify those in need of additional attention. EDA also proposes to reorganize the RLF regulations to improve their readability and clarify the requirements that apply to the distinct phases of an RLF award. In addition, EDA proposes specific changes to RLF requirements to make RLF awards more efficient for Recipients to administer and EDA to monitor. In addition, through this NPRM EDA proposes important, but less comprehensive updates to other parts of its regulations, including revising definitions, replacing references to superseded regulations to reflect the promulgation of the Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements (2 CFR part 200) (``Uniform Guidance''), streamlining the provisions that outline EDA's application process, and clarifying EDA's property management regulations.
The National Advisory Council on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (NACIE) will hold a public meeting on Wednesday, October 5, 2016. During this time, members will discuss and finalize the Council's various initiatives focused on innovation, entrepreneurship, and talent development and will formally conclude this Council's term.
Regional Innovation Program
Through this notice of proposed rulemaking (``NPRM''), the Economic Development Administration (``EDA'' or ``the Agency''), U.S. Department of Commerce (``DOC''), proposes and requests comments on the Agency's implementation of the Regional Innovation Program as authorized by section 27 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980, as amended (``Stevenson-Wydler'' or the ``Act''). Through the Regional Innovation Strategies Program (``RIS Program''), the centerpiece of the Regional Innovation Program, EDA currently awards grants for capacity-building programs that provide proof-of-concept and commercialization assistance to innovators and entrepreneurs and for operational support for organizations that provide essential early- stage funding to startup companies. This NPRM, for the first time, lays out the overarching regulatory framework for the Regional Innovation Program and specifically focuses on outlining the structure of the RIS Program.
Innovative Technologies in Manufacturing Loan Guarantee Program
Through this notice of proposed rulemaking (``NPRM''), the Economic Development Administration (``EDA,'' or ``the Agency''), U.S. Department of Commerce (``DOC''), proposes and requests comments on the Agency's implementation of section 26 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (the ``Stevenson-Wydler Act''), enacted as part of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (``COMPETES Act''). The Stevenson-Wydler Act authorizes EDA to provide loan guarantees for obligations to small- and medium-sized manufacturers for the use or production of innovative technologies. These guarantees will enable innovative technology manufacturers to obtain capital otherwise unavailable to them.
The National Advisory Council on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (NACIE) will hold a teleconference meeting on Tuesday, July 12, 2016, 3:00-3:30 p.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST) and will be open to the public. During this time, members will discuss and vote on their recommendations to develop an Innovation Encyclopedia, conduct research and pilot two Entrepreneurship & Innovation Community Exchanges, and best practices to be passed to the next Council. Approved recommendations will be presented to the Secretary in August. The meeting will take place via teleconference.
The National Advisory Council on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (NACIE) will hold a public meeting on Thursday, June 16, 2016, from 2:00-4:00 p.m. Eastern Time (ET) and Friday, June 17, 2016, from 8:30 a.m.-12:00 p.m. ET. During this time, members will continue to work on various Council initiatives which include innovation, entrepreneurship, and talent development.
Notice of Opportunity To Apply for Membership on the National Advisory Council on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (NACIE)
The Department of Commerce (DOC) is currently seeking applications for membership on the National Advisory Council on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (NACIE). NACIE advises the Secretary of Commerce (the Secretary) on matters related to accelerating innovation and entrepreneurship.
Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Form ED-840P Petition by a Firm for Certification of Eligibility To Apply for Trade Adjustment Assistance; Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms Program
The Department of Commerce, as part of its continuing effort to reduce paperwork and respondent burden, invites the general public and other federal agencies to take this opportunity to comment on the proposed and/or continuing information collections, as required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995.
The National Advisory Council on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (NACIE) will hold a public meeting on Thursday, March 3, 2016, 2:002:45 p.m. Central Standard Time (CST) and Friday, March 4, 2016, 8:45 a.m.12:00 p.m. CST. During this time, members will continue to work on various Council initiatives which include: Innovation, entrepreneurship and workforce talent.
National Advisory Council on Innovation and Entrepreneurship Meeting
The National Advisory Council on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (NACIE) will hold a public meeting on Thursday, March 3, 2016, 2:00-2:45 p.m. Eastern Time (ET) and Friday, March 4, 2016, 8:45 a.m.-12:00 p.m. ET. During this time, members will continue to work on various Council initiatives which include: Innovation, entrepreneurship and workforce talent.
The National Advisory Council on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (NACIE) will hold a teleconference meeting on Thursday, February 18, 2016, 2:00-2:45 p.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST) and will be open to the public. During this time, members will discuss and vote on the Capital Continuum Exchange proposal. If approved, the recommendation will be presented to the Secretary in March. The meeting will take place via teleconference.
The National Advisory Council on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (NACIE) will hold a public meeting on Thursday, December 3, 2015, 2:00-3:30 p.m. Eastern Time (ET) and Friday, December 4, 2015, 8:45 a.m.-12:00 p.m. ET. During this time, members will continue to work on various Council initiatives which include: innovation, entrepreneurship and workforce talent.
Membership of the Economic Development Administration Performance Review Board
In accordance with 5 U.S.C. Sec. 4314(c)(4), the Economic Development Administration (EDA), Department of Commerce (DOC), announces the appointment of those individuals who have been selected to serve as members of EDA's Performance Review Board. The Performance Review Board is responsible for (1) reviewing performance appraisals and rating of Senior Executive Service (SES) members and (2) making recommendations to the appointing authority on other performance management issues, such as pay adjustments, bonuses and Presidential Rank Awards for SES members. The appointment of these members to the Performance Review Board will be for a period of twenty-four (24) months.


text:
What is an IGO and How to Get in on the Action
The IGO acronym stands for many things, but in the world of crypto, it means Initial Game Offering.
f you're familiar with ICO - Initial Coin Offering, this is the same idea except only for cryptocurrency games or NFT games.
This fairly new concept is attempting to redefine gaming, and in a lucrative way.
It's not playing safe, either. This IGO thing - it's grabbing traditional gaming by the neck and dragging it through cyberspace.
Back in the day you had to spend money on games. When you stopped playing, you didn't get your money back. With the appearance of NFT games and Play-to-Earn titles, gamers can now get paid for the time they invested.
The way it works is similar to ICO. On an ICO project, users are invited to make early investments on a new token at a low price in hopes of it increasing in value when the project launches.
When a developer wants to make an NFT game, they register it on an IGO launchpad, which is a platform where you can find and play crypto games.
Usually, the listing will provide information about the game and what it offers, including the native token and its price. Interested users will invest in the game by purchasing the IGO tokens, funding the project.
The IGO token price depends on the developers and sometimes, the platform will determine it based on how popular it gets. The more people buying the token, the more valuable it becomes.
Think of it like crowdfunding, but at a much higher pace. This is because IGO projects are blockchain based and built for monetary purposes. Almost 100% of gameplay is oriented towards how much money both the users and developers can generate, so little effort is put towards visuals or storyline.
You can find most NFT games on popular IGO launchpads, such as GameFi or Seedify. You might have even stumbled upon a few of them on your search for a free to play game.
One of the most anticipated IGO games on GameFi - Drunk Robots
How to Get in on an IGO
As mentioned above, you can find an IGO project on IGO launchpads. Each of these platforms have vastly different reward systems and funding mechanics, but fret not, most of them are pretty easy to get used to, given you have a little bit of gaming experience.
For example, on Seedify, there is a Tier system that rewards you as you climb through the ranks. When you decide to invest in a game, you purchase some native tokens on that game's blockchain. As you do this, Seedify will also reward you with SFUND, which is a governance coin that lets you buy items and even start your own IGOs.
As you browse through the page, you'll notice a lot of IGO game titles with the First Phase label on them. This is the preliminary stage of the project and it is awaiting investment. Be sure to check out any and all available information on the game before investing.
IGO game titles with completed Phase 1 will show how much the project has garnered. A large pool usually indicates the game is popular or backed by a reputable company.
You can still purchase tokens during Phase 2, but this is where it gets expensive as everyone is holding on to their coins, making the price go up.Users can expect to find similar settings on most crypto gaming launchpads, though the governance tokens will vary.
IGO - Benefits vs Risks
When life gives you lemons, you can be sure some of them are just plain bitter.
Buying in an IGO project is exciting, but it's also the equivalent of investing in the unknown. You have no idea if it's ever going to hit the ground. And even when it does, how long would it last? How many other investors are in the race? A lot of these questions would, unfortunately, remain unanswered for the duration of the IGO.
If you're a bright sider, here are some of things you can expect:
Getting in-game tokens at a low price.
Exclusive game items. These are usually unique items that can only be obtained during the funding period. Most of the time, they are minted NFTs that will increase in value as the game progresses.
An early head start in progress. If the game you're investing is competition based, you can often expect to gain quite an advantage over the late comers.
In a worst case scenario, things that might happen are:
The IGO game never takes off and everyone loses time and money.
It takes off but flops almost immediately and everyone sells out quickly.
The whole thing was a scam and the developers pulled the rug as soon as prices started to bubble.
Make Sure to Weigh Your Options
NFT games make money from high value in-game items and the crypto on their blockchain. The prices of those tokens determine the future of the game.
During an IGO, the developers need to increase the value of their tokens as much as possible before launch. This is done purely through hype and promises, though time and again we'll see a demo or two with extremely limited gameplay.
Make sure you know what you're getting into before purchasing an IGO coin. It might help to do some research on the developers and if the project has any reputable backers.
Games like Axie Infinity had a heavyweight roster of investors, including the likes of Mark Cuban. Info like that would make a huge difference in your decision of getting into an IGO.
If you want to invest in cryptocurrency and don't know where to start - join Liquid! Founded in 2014, Liquid is one of the world's largest cryptocurrency-fiat exchange platforms serving millions of customers worldwide.
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Hayes, Kelly grounded out to p, RBI; Kentris scored.
Rimawi singled up the middle.
Leon singled to right field.
Fiore singled to right field; Leon advanced to third.
CaponeFrioio reached on a fielder's choice; Fiore advanced to third; Leon out at home p unassisted.
Hart to rf for Brooks.
Wierzibicki singled up the middle.
Hart singled, out at second rf to 2b to ss, RBI; Wierzibicki scored.
Hayes, Kelly tripled to center field.
Silk, K. advanced to third on a balk.
Montague grounded out to p, RBI; Silk, K. scored.


The Chair opened the meeting and welcomed Martin Allan who had recently joined the Partnership as its Business Manager. She also advised that Alison MacLeod would present the Performance Monitoring report as Sally Shaw had submitted her apologies for today's meeting. Due to the acclimate weather conditions, External Audit had been unable to attend today's meeting in person but would join the meeting via teleconference and as such, the Chair proposed to defer item 11 (Private Meeting with Internal and External Audit) on today's agenda to the Committee's next meeting on 10 April 2018; and to re-order today's agenda to consider item 6 (Transformation Progress) following consideration of item 10 (Draft External Audit Strategy). The Committee agreed to these proposals.
(iv) otherwise note the information provided.
Members are requested to declare any interests.
Members are requested to determine that any exempt business be considered with the press and public excluded.
To note there was no exempt business.
The Committee had before it the minute of the previous meeting of 21 November 2017.
In reference to item 4, the Clerk highlighted that the meeting on 17 April would now take place on 10 April; and the meeting on 20 November would now take place on 13 November. He confirmed that fresh appointments had been sent to members.
The Committee had before it the Strategic Risk Register.
Alex Stephen (Chief Finance Officer, ACHSCP) advised that since the Committee's last meeting, the Partnership had reduced the risk rating for risk 8 (Reputational Damage to the IJB) from High to Medium risk due to governance processes that had been in place and tested since the go live date; and the budget processes that had been put into effect to secure approval of the IJB's second annual budget. He also informed the Committee that progress had been made in the negotiation of the National Care Home Contract in which rates were expected to increase by 3.39%.
With reference to risk 10 (Failure to Maximise Locality Working Opportunities), members discussed the confusion caused by the statutory use of "Locality" terminology by both the IJB and Community Planning Aberdeen (CPA), particularly as their boundaries did not ... view the full minutes text for item 5.
The Committee had before it a report by Jillian Evans (Head of Health Intelligence, NHS Grampian) and Alison MacLeod (Lead Strategy and Performance Manager, ACHSCP) which (1) outlined the most current data in respect of Aberdeen City Health and Social Care Partnership's (ACHSCP's) performance against the National Core Suite of Integration Indicators; (2) detailed progress against other high level IJB performance measures; and (3) demonstrated continued alignment of performance with the Aberdeen City HSCP Strategic Plan 2016 – 2019.
(b) Note that the Head of Strategy and Transformation will report performance quarterly over the year; bi-annually to the IJB and bi-annually to the Audit and Performance Systems Committee.
Alison MacLeod (Lead Strategy and Performance Manager, ACHSCP) provided an overview of the Partnership's performance against the national core suite of integration indicators and local indicators. She advised that performance across the board was mixed and highlighted that colleagues in Health Intelligence and the newly formed Performance Management and Evaluation Group would review performance indicators and systems to ensure they could provide relevant, up to date and robust information to support decision making. Ms MacLeod also confirmed that the Head of Strategy and Transformation would review the formatting of the Performance Monitoring report within the next Committee cycle.
Thereafter there were questions and comments on (1) the number of national indicators in which Partnership performance was below the national average and whether this was due to local slippage or relative national improvement; (2) the importance for the Performance Management Framework to link back to the outcomes within the Strategic Plan; and (3) Ms MacLeod confirmed that the Performance Management and Evaluation Group had liaised with Health Improvement Scotland to learn from best practice and improve their methodology.
(iv) to instruct the Head of Strategy and Transformation to review the formatting of the Performance Monitoring report in consultation with the Chairperson to ensure performance reporting links back to the Strategic Plan.
(b) Note the budget virements indicated in Appendix E.
Alex Stephen (Chief Finance Officer) advised that an adverse position of £3.36m had been recorded as at 31 December 2017. He explained that the main areas of pressure were overspends on prescribing; out of area treatments; and hosted services.
Thereafter there were questions and comments on the £102,000 overspend on the Police Forensic Service budget, which the Chief Finance Officer confirmed had been due to structural and legacy underfunding issues.
(iii) to instruct the Chief Finance Officer to review the formatting of the Financial Control report in consultation with the Chairperson.
The Committee had before it a report by David Hughes (Chief Internal Auditor) which presented the outcome from the planned audit of Adult Social Work Transport that was included in the 2017/18 Internal Audit Plan for Aberdeen City Council. The Internal Audit report was considered by the Aberdeen City Council Audit, Risk and Scrutiny Committee in November 2017.
That the Committee review, discuss and comment on the issues raised within the report.
Colin Harvey provided an overview of the audit which found that in general the Partnership had appropriate arrangements in place to secure transportation in a cost effective and well managed way. He highlighted that Internal Audit had made a number of recommendations for Management's consideration relating to (1) the introduction of service level agreements; (2) the Partnership's Data Protection Policy, particularly in relation to processing consent forms; (3) Care First's processing and storage of data; (4) the use of Public Contracts Scotland (PCS) digital functionality; and (5) securing delegated authority for approval of contracts in excess of £60,000.
Thereafter there were questions and comments on (1) the ongoing review of Care First; (2) preparations for ensuring General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) compliance by 25 May 2018; and (3) the process Internal Audit would adopt to monitor whether Management had actioned audit recommendations.
(ii) otherwise note the report.
The Committee had before it a report by David Hughes (Chief Internal Auditor) which presented the outcome from the planned audit of Transformational Funding that was included in the 2017/18 Internal Audit Plan for the Integration Joint Board.
Colin Harvey advised that Internal Audit had found that governance protocols were now more mature but generally the itinerary of the Transformation Programme was still being developed. Gail Woodcock (Lead Transformation Manager, ACHSCP) accepted the findings of the audit and advised that Management would accept all recommendations put forward by Internal Audit. She also confirmed that the Strategic Commissioning Programme Board had held its first meeting in January 2018.
The Committee had before it a cover report by Alex Stephen (Chief Finance Officer, ACHSCP) which introduced the draft External Audit Strategy which had been prepared by the Partnership's external auditors KPMG.
That the Committee approve the approach to external audit, as outlined in Appendix A.
Natalie Dyce (External Audit) provided an overview of (1) the audit approach; (2) the audit risk; (3) materiality; (4) the financial statement audit; and (5) the wider scope of the audit in relation to the four dimensions of financial sustainability, financial management, governance and transparency and value for money. She also highlighted the auditor's responsibility for quality and independence. The Chief Finance Officer confirmed that Management had endorsed the draft Strategy and intended to submit the annual accounts and annual Governance Statement to the same meeting of this Committee later in the year.
Thereafter there were questions and comments on (1) the impact of Aberdeen City Council's bond issue on the publication of the Partnership's annual accounts; and (2) the cost of audit fees, with particular reference to pool costs and contribution to Public Audit and Best Value (PABV).
The Committee had before it a report by Gail Woodcock (Lead Transformation Manager, ACHSCP) which provided an update on the progress of the Transformation Programme.
That the Committee note the information within the report.
Gail Woodcock provided an overview of project progress within the Transformation Programme and highlighted the governance structures and links to the Strategic Plan which underpinned the Programme. Ms Woodcock noted that to date £2.78m had been spent on transformation projects against a projected spend of £4.09m for the full financial year. She explained the underspend was largely due to processing of invoices and that expenditure would be reported in future updates to Committee. Ms Woodcock then undertook a high level deep dive of the Acute Care at Home and Modernising Primary and Community Care workstreams.
Thereafter there were questions and comments on (1) workforce planning, with particular reference to potential gaps that may develop as staff are relocated to support transformation projects; (2) the Partnership's increasing use of digital solutions to support a more efficient way of working; and (3) initiatives planned by the Partnership to encourage registered nurses who were not currently employed in this sector or had retired, to return to this profession.
(ii) to request that the next update on Transformation Progress be reported to Committee in a similar fashion to today's meeting and include both a summary report and deep dive presentation.
To defer consideration of this item until the Committee's next meeting.


The Services Publics CFE-CGC represents contract and statute agents, and civil servants in state, territorial and the hospital civil service in France. The organisation comprises around 30 trade unions across a wide variety of public service sectors including education, defense, culture, customs, among many others.
The current President of Services Publics CFE-CGC is Nathalie Makarski.
To find out more about Services Publics CFE-CGC, please consult their website.


text:
Nintendo Switch Will Support Up to 2TB Micro SDXC Cards (Once They Exist)
Providing plenty of storage space for all your Switch games.
By Alex Osborn
Updated: Feb 15, 2017 11:43 pm
Posted: Jan 16, 2017 12:42 am
Nintendo has confirmed that its upcoming console, Nintendo Switch, will support Micro SDXC cards, enabling users to expand the system's storage space to 2TB.
"Nintendo Switch is compatible with the SDXC standard, which supports up to 2TB," a representative from Nintendo told Game Informer. While 2TB capacity cards are not yet available for purchase, Nintendo said the console will support them once they hit the market.
The largest capacity micro SDXC cards currently available for wide commercial purchase are 256GB in size and cost roughly $200 at major retailers. As seen in the video above, Nintendo showed off a 256GB card in use with the system during its Treehouse Live event stream last week.
Nintendo Switch will ship with 32GB of internal memory. Considering some of that space will be taken up by the console's operating system, and the fact that The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild is a 13.4GB download, those who plan to purchase games digitally for Switch may need to expand its storage with a Micro SDXC card.
For more on Nintendo's upcoming console, check out this in-depth Switch walkthrough from Nintendo.
Alex Osborn is a freelance writer for IGN. You can follow him on Twitter and subscribe to his video content on YouTube.


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Yeajean Choi, master of fine arts student in the TWU Department of Dance. Photo by Visionstyler Press.
Yeajean Choi, a master of fine arts student in the Department of Dance at Texas Woman's University, is one of eight choreographers and the only U.S. student to be chosen for the World Dance Alliance'sprestigious 2017 International Young Choreographer Project. Choi will travel to Kaohsiung, Taiwan this July to participate in the project's three-week residency program.
Eight emerging choreographers, representing six countries and four WDA divisions, were selected through an adjudicated process. Choi will be the only choreographer representing WDA Americas and will be joined by three from WDA Asia Pacific, three from WDA Taiwan and one from WDA Europe.
The International Young Choreographer Project provides each participant with an honorarium, accommodation, meals and a stipend to cover production costs. The choreographers will spend two weeks rehearsing with a group of selected Taiwanese dancers before presenting final performances during the third week. Rehearsals and performances will take place in the studios and Experimental Theater of Tsoying Senior High School in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
Originally from Seoul, South Korea, Choi earned her bachelor of fine arts and master of interdisciplinary studies of arts degrees from Sung Kyun Kwan University in 2012 and 2014, respectively. She currently is pursuing her master of fine arts degree at the TWU Department of Dance, where she also serves as digital media coordinator. Choi specializes in multimedia choreography, and teaches Korean dance at her own Dallas non-profit, the Jean Korean Dance Company.
Yeajean Choi. Photo by Visionstyler Press.


Josh Gerstman has been named vice president at Highline College. He will oversee the college's Institutional Advancement division.
The division handles the college's marketing, communications, alumni relations, outreach and grant procurement efforts. Gerstman will also be in charge of the Highline College Foundation.
For the past 19 years, he has worked for the Green River College Foundation, most recently as director of philanthropy.
Gerstman brings to Highline more than 26 years of experience strengthening organizations and communities through relationship building and fundraising leadership.
Gerstman has led private fundraising efforts raising more than $600,000 and overseeing a scholarship program awarding over $500,000 to students. He provided leadership and vision to programs within the Green River College Foundation, including the Veterans Educational Transition Fund, Faculty Excellence Endowment Grant Program and staff and faculty recognition programs.
His campus commitment was also evident as a founding member of the Green River Diversity and Equity Council and the Green River College Council, providing leadership and input for the college's participatory governance structure.
"I'm proud of my time at Green River College. I value the role our colleges play in the community and I'm excited for the opportunity to be part of Highline and Dr. Mosby's leadership team," says Gerstman.
Gerstman will serve as one of Highline's four vice presidents. His appointment fills the vacancy left by Dr. Lisa Skari, who joined Mt. Hood Community College as president in July 2018.
A resident of Covington, Gerstman has been actively involved in the South King County community for more than two decades. He volunteers with Kent Rotary, Kent public schools, and the King County Search Dogs/King County Search and Rescue, just to name a few.
Gerstman has a master's degree in education from Wayne State University, Detroit, and a bachelor's degree in political science and history from the University of Michigan.
His first day at Highline will be Tuesday, October 16.
Out of college in Michigan, I worked for Boys and Girls Clubs of Southeast Michigan in metro Detroit. It was my first real experience confronting privilege and where I had my first real in-depth experience with community colleges. Working with those youth and how hard they were working to get a foothold on an educational path made me want to find ways to create a smoother path to education. My first job in Washington state was working for Puget Sound Blood Center (now Bloodworks Northwest) organizing blood drives throughout South King County, including Highline and Green River. It was my time on these campuses that I realized there were opportunities to work on campus and put my community building skills to use to create those paths to education. That all came together in the opportunity to work at Green River, and now at Highline.