text:
"Do we want to play Russian roulette with two bullets or one?"
Fuck off, Bob Jones: and advertisers? Be warned
Because it's all about "me"
Written By: karol - Date published: 6:24 pm, October 22nd, 2013 - 22 comments
Categories: benefits, capitalism, child welfare, class war, david cunliffe, housing, paula bennett, poverty, public transport, sustainability, unemployment - Tags:
I was very pleased when David Cunliffe in his speech earlier this month at the CTU conference, talked about moving from a "from a cost-based to a values-based" strategy. This is something that needs to be developed as part of a wider narrative, that shifts public discourse from an individualistic focus, to one that focuses on valuing all members of society – to a focus on us all being in this together in the long term. The kind of findings that were reported in The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better, need to be repeated again and again, in as many ways as possible. What is good for the least well-off in society, is good for all of us.
The 1980s+ escalation of individualistic values resulted in short sighted, short term politicised policies that ultimately damage the wider society. The focus on the here and now, and how it impacts on "Me" masks the way society is being damaged in the longer term. This focus can be seen in two news items reported on today: Paula Bennett's disregard of the risk of negative impacts on children through her welfare reforms; a survey that shows transport is a way bigger issue for Aucklanders than affordable housing.
The Child Poverty Action Group has published a report that shows pressuring parents to get into work and to fulfill various "social obligations" puts the children of beneficiaries at risk. key's government can demonise beneficiaries, and fail to provide adequate support for them, because, overall, they are a minority, and for most voters it's a case of out of sight, out of mind. Too many people fail to understand how this damages our society, and diminishes us all. As reported in the NZ Herald:
CPAG spokesman Associate Professor Mike O'Brien said the children of beneficiaries were being singled out for different treatment under the Government's new welfare reforms.
A background study by CPAG on benefit sanctions found the children of beneficiaries were now subject to a set of rules which other children were not required to meet.
The changes risked creating a separate, disadvantaged class of children whose activities were unjustly restricted for reasons beyond their control, Mr O'Brien said.
Under questioning in the House today, Paula Bennett dodged the issue, showing she really doesn't care enough to properly monitor the impact of her reforms, especially on children.
The NZ Herald also reported today that an digipoll shows Aucklanders care far more about improving transport, especially public transport, than providing more affordable housing. It's great to see such a high amount of concern on the transport issue, but worrying that affordable housing is marginalised by such results:
A Herald-DigiPoll survey of 500 Super City dwellers found 43.8 per cent ranked transport as the biggest issue facing Auckland.
It was streets ahead of affordable housing, the chief concern of 17.1 per cent of those surveyed, and balancing the city's budget (3.4 per cent).
Of course transport issues impact on a great number of Aucklanders daily. The people who daily struggle with issues of no or less than adequate housing, and with pressures on their budget because of the relative high cost, are a smaller number of people.
Affordable housing and better public transport are related issues that impact on us all, as does demonisation of beneficiaries, child poverty, and too high an inequality gap.
The 2009 Guardian review of The Spirit Level sums it up:
Inequality causes shorter, unhealthier and unhappier lives; it increases the rate of teenage pregnancy, violence, obesity, imprisonment and addiction; it destroys relationships between individuals born in the same society but into different classes; and its function as a driver of consumption depletes the planet's resources.
The graphs also reveal that it is not just the poor, but whole societies, from top to bottom, that are adversely affected by inequality.
However, the book does end on an optimistic note, with a transformative, rather than revolutionary, programme for making sick societies more healthy. A society in which all citizens feel free to look each other in the eye can only come into being once those in the lower echelons feel more valued than at present. The authors argue that removal of economic impediments to feeling valued – such as low wages, low benefits and low public spending on education, for instance – will allow a flourishing of human potential.
This is the story that needs to be told again and again, and where I see a values-based approach should guide any economic and financial polices. It needs to be in political policies and campaigns, but also in
How can we keep telling it in different ways, in different media and on different platforms? I'm trying to thinking of a really good positive political song about valuing all in society. I can only think of the protest ones about "neoliberal" values, like this one.
22 comments on "Because it's all about "me" "
What is good for the least well-off in society, is good for all of us.
And the converse:
What's good for the rich is bad for all of us.
Zorr 1.1
I dunno Draco – I think the rich could do with a haircut and that'd be good for them… and us… 🙂
That slippery-sweet red toffee of "what we all want" coating the bitter apple of neoliberal self interest will take more than one term to resolve into a proper dessert. The Auckland Unitary Plan tells me self interest beats strategic planning hands down so var. Common interest is going to take many years and smart policy to turn. We are seriously self-involved now.
Psycho Milt 3
The changes risked creating a separate, disadvantaged class of children…
Too late – wasters have already created a separate, disadvantaged class of children. The question is what to do about it now it's happened, not how to avoid it happening – it's way too late for that. O'Brien seems to be still living in the 1980s.
QoT 3.1
Because beneficiaries deliberately choose to have children, specifically to raise them in poverty, because that's how evil they are. 🙄
Mike S 3.1.1
Yeah and it's a lifestyle choice, all those bludgers choosing to live the highlife on my hard earned tax dollars instead of getting off their lazy arses and working for a change.
miravox 3.2
"The question is what to do about it now it's happened,"
You can tramp them down or work with them to improve their circumstances. The US/UK/NZ version of the tramp down doesn't work. Time to try another modell… Such as one of education, support and finance. You know, what Paula Benefit and John Key's mother got. And what I got back in the '70s when I was a 16 year-old single mum with no adult support.
I'm pretty sure I've seen you restate your opinion of the 'wasters' over and over again, with bugger-all suggestions to improve the chances of these kids. Me? – I'm living proof of what works along with Paula, John and many others – and it's not greater inequality that punishes people for circumstances they were born into.
I'm pretty sure I've seen you restate your opinion of the 'wasters' over and over again…
Yep. As long as Standard authors write posts in which the production of children by people without the means, ability or even inclination to raise them is treated as something to be supported and encouraged, I'll write comments suggesting otherwise.
…with bugger-all suggestions to improve the chances of these kids.
I don't see much that can be done for these kids, short of intensive management by servants of government (which carries its own risks, not to mention horrendous expense). Producing fewer of them in the first place would be a good thing, but CPAG also seems vehemently opposed to any measures along those lines.
…education, support and finance… what I got back in the '70s when I was a 16 year-old single mum with no adult support.
No doubt you are living proof of the benefit of that, just as I'm living proof of the benefit of providing free university education. Thing is, both those things are only sustainable when the numbers involved are small. When you were a single mother and I was a student 30-40 years ago, the numbers of others like us were in the thousands – now in each case the numbers are in six figures and taxpayers are less able to provide the lifestyle to which we were able to become accustomed. When people like us become the norm, instead of a tiny minority, the number of people working for a living to pay for it all just doesn't cover it any more.
Tat Loo 4.1
Child poverty rates and youth unemployment could be halved by spending approx 0.5% of GDP.
It's an easy fix, PM. People who want a full time job should be provided with one, and they should be expected to perform it to a high standard.
This sounds like a kind of eugenics argument.
Having children is not always planned.
People often have children prior to going on benefits – life circumstances are not always that predictable.
Why not stop the wealthy having children. They just pass their wealth onto their children who have actually done nothing to deserve it. Many develop an entitlement attitude, contributing to the demonisation and disadvantaging of those on low incomes.
Show me the jobs.
So still nothing, just wailing about stopping 'them' breeding.
"No doubt you are living proof of the benefit of that, just as I'm living proof of the benefit of providing free university education. Thing is, both those things are only sustainable when the numbers involved are small"
Sorry. I just find it really weird that you recognise the problems of people languishing on benefits began in the '80s yet you don't seem to recognise that more of the same medicine will only increase the number of dysfunctional families. Economic and social conditions are the greater drivers of dysfunction, that individuals (i.e. individuals will behave differently in different conditions), imo.
As long as there is poverty and alienated people these dysfunctional families will exist in numbers that reflect those social norms. All that the benefits have done in this sense is made it easier to count them. I've yet to see a count of the kids of the working poor living in dire, dysfunctional conditions and likely to produce a new generation of the same – those figures would be a bit to hard for some people to take, I reckon. Of course, I agree that there are the utter bastards and the totally careless, but they are few in relation to those who would be able to make better decisions for their kids (even not having them) if the world was a lot more inclusive and equitable.
It's never planned if you regard it as just shit that happens.
Why not stop the wealthy having children.
Because their kids aren't 13 times more likely to suffer abuse? Anyway, nobody mentioned stopping anyone having children.
greywarbler 5.1
People who can use that sort of language about women having babies about whom they express concern are not the sort that should have anything to do with solving any problems. It's a callous mindset and inhuman, more economic man or woman than hu-man. And the branch is neo-liberal, moralistic, utilitarian economics at that.
Psycho Milt 5.1.1
People who can use that sort of language about women having babies about whom they express concern are not the sort that should have anything to do with solving any problems.
We have a significant number of people for whom children are exactly that, and who produce a significant number of children each as a consequence. Describing the circumstances of these children using only self-delusional euphemisms might make you feel better, but others aren't compelled to join in.
greywarbler 5.1.1.1
I say again.
It's a callous mindset and inhuman, more economic man or woman than hu-man.
And the attitude does not enable any pro-active reasonable action, just simple-minded reaction often behaviour that diminishes our perceived status as highly intelligent beings.
ak 5.1.1.2
We have a significant number of people for whom children are exactly that,
You poor beggar. When the need to hate is this strong, it's usually terminal. Get help, lad.
Psycho Milt 5.1.1.2.1
It is indeed. How people can be like that I don't know, but that's no reason to pretend it doesn't exist.
greywarbler 6
Thinking about the way that this government is behaving to one group of children which they would not consider with another group. This reminds me of the stories that have come out about Britain I think mostly after WW2. Children were sent out in thousands to Australia some of whom were told their mothers were dead, untruthfully.
There is an attitude amongst adult society in many countries that denigrates children of 'broken' or non-conforming homes., including here. A little blonde girl was taken on by a Gipsy couple, now in Greece. They say they were given her by a woman in Bulgaria who couldn't look after her. Now she has been taken from them and they are automatically viewed with grave suspicion of mistreatment. No doubt she considers them her father and mother and if they have been caring, will be in distress and bewilderment feeling abandoned.
The authorities can be worse than parents with all their faults, either biological or in loco parentis.
Government needs to clean up their act more than parents. Support parents to do a good job, steer them the right way, and half of the nation's ills will vanish.
I'm sorry but I have little more faith in Labour than National. The current mess we are in is down to both of these parties and I really think its time for then to go. This is starting to happen with the Greens but I hope we will see others come about that replace these old, corrupt, complacent parties.
Throwing all the toys out can't be done. It implies that more and better will come along as replacements. This is what the Right Wing Labourites thought and did with their policies. They personally may have been satisfied they did good but the replacements were not a universal fit.
Good things take time, they do not appear out of the hat when the magician waves his or her stick. There have been years of hard work building policy and controls to overcome the greed and self interest that abounds in those who have acquired power and resources for themselves.
Trying to create something entirely new now is out. There isn't time!!! Work with what we have. Rummage through the political op shop and look for treasures that will stand alteration and suit the new conditions. Seek out past examples of quality and find people who know how to use the old tried and true techniques to create, patch or mend an entity for today's needs. One that will endure against 'the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune'.
finbar 7.1.1
But Warbler,the Nats are taking us back to the bad old days, where working rights were non existent,taxation of the wealthy was frowned upon,health, education, housing, and a healthy diet was only afforded to those better off,and that regress of social progress seems to be working for them,as they cry, we are a progressive 21st century realist capitalist government.
Mike S 8
Sorry, but that's either wrongly reported or the poll results were somehow wrongly counted or even deliberately altered.
Everyone I've talked to and no doubt a large majority of us rank berm mowing as the biggest issue facing Auckland. I mean, after weeks and weeks, there's still letters to the herald appearing almost daily regarding berms, berms have been on the main current affairs news hour as a headlining story, on the front page of the National newspaper.
I have a friend who 20 years ago arrived here as a refugee from Iraq. Watching him trying to explain to his relatives on skype how berms are such a major issue for us Aucklanders puts both of us into such hysterics that it physically really really hurts!
Incognito to Sacha on
Adrian Thornton to RedLogix on


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Using Kappenman's Model to Compare the Relative Fishing Power of 42-Foot Shrimp Trawls and 65-Foot Fish Trawls During Summer and Fall in the Western and North-Central Gulf of Mexico
Rex C. Herron, National Marine Fisheries Service
L. Nelson May Jr., National Marine Fisheries Service
Kappenman's fishing power correction (FPC) model was used to compare the fishing efficiency between a 42-ft shrimp trawl and a 65-ft fish trawl towed simultaneously at 985 stations by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ship Oregon II in the western and north-central Gulf of Mexico. The shrimp trawl was consistently more efficient, both summer and fall, and regardless of whether using no./hr or kg/hr to calculate the FPC factors, for four species of fish, three species of crustaceans, and paper scallops. During summer, the shrimp trawl was more efficient, when using FPC factors calculated using no./hr as the catch per unit of effort (CPUE), at catching 13 of the 42 species of fish, 11 of the 12 species of crustaceans, and paper scallops. It was more efficient at catching 18 of the 42 species of fish, 10 of the 12 species of crustaceans, and paper scallops when FPC factors were calculated using kg/hr as the CPUE. In the fall, the shrimp trawl was more efficient, when using no./hr or kg/hr as the CPUE, at catching five species of fish, three species of crustaceans, and paper scallops. Fishing power correction factors were then compared between summer and fall seasons for 42 species of fish and 16 species of invertebrates. During summer, FPC values ranged from a low of 0.15 for Gulf menhaden to 4.94 for shoal flounder; fall FPC values ranged from 0.05 for yellow box crab to 2.52 for broad-striped anchovy. With the exception of three species, when using number of individuals caught per hour as the CPUE, all FPC factors were significantly different between summer and fall catches.
https://doi.org/10.18785/goms.2902.01
Herron, R. C. and L. May Jr. 2011. Using Kappenman's Model to Compare the Relative Fishing Power of 42-Foot Shrimp Trawls and 65-Foot Fish Trawls During Summer and Fall in the Western and North-Central Gulf of Mexico. Gulf of Mexico Science 29 (2).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Thirteen Festivals: A Ritual Year in Bengal. Delhi: RCS and Orient BlackSwan Publishers.
Night of the Gods: Durga Puja in Bengali Society. Delhi: Chronicle Books.
Rites of Spring: Gajan in Village Bengal. Delhi: Chronicle Books.
The Fruits of Worship: Practical Religion in Bengal. Delhi: Chronicle Books.
The village mother in Bengal. In J.J. Preston, ed., Mother Worship: Theme and Variations. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, pp. 192-209.
The goddess Sitala and epidemic smallpox in Bengal. Journal of Asian Studies 41:21-44.
(with Ronald B. Inden) Kinship in Bengali Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.


text:
Home > Turkish Journal of Biology > Vol. 39 (2015) > No. 6
Turkish Journal of Biology
Effects of photoperiod variations and alpha-lipoic acid treatment on melatonin,cortisol, and oxidative stress levels in the blood of rats
CAHİDE ÇEVİK
RECEP ASLAN
10.3906/biy-1506-77
This study aimed to investigate the effects of frequently changing photoperiods and alpha-lipoic acid treatment on melatonin, cortisol, oxidative markers, and some blood parameters. Eighty-four rats were randomly and equally divided into 7 groups: a control group, 3 prolonged light groups, and 3 prolonged dark groups. The study was completed in 2 stages, with 1- and 4-week periods, respectively. Blood samples were obtained at the end of the first and fourth weeks, and at the end of the dark period for the first and second stages. Serum aspartate aminotransferase and creatinine levels were significantly elevated in the prolonged dark olive oil group in the second stage. These values were similar to those of the control group in the prolonged dark water and alpha-lipoic acid groups. There was no statistically significant difference in total oxidant status between the prolonged dark olive oil group and the control group; however, the numerical total oxidant status value was increased. Higher urea and blood urea nitrogen levels were noted in the prolonged dark groups as compared with those in the prolonged light groups in the second stage. Melatonin and cortisol levels did not significantly change. The applied photoperiod changes in this study did not constitute a direct metabolic stressor for rats.
ÇEVİK, CAHİDE and ASLAN, RECEP (2015) "Effects of photoperiod variations and alpha-lipoic acid treatment on melatonin,cortisol, and oxidative stress levels in the blood of rats," Turkish Journal of Biology: Vol. 39: No. 6, Article 16. https://doi.org/10.3906/biy-1506-77
Available at: https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/biology/vol39/iss6/16
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The other day a friend casually mentioned that she was looking for someone to help her prepare her manuscript, CV and proposal letter for sending to a publisher or an agent. I'm assuming she'd been advised to do that, because she said she was looking for someone with 'commissioning editing experience' – the quotation marks were hers. It's not bad advice. Writers should always give their manuscripts the best chance of being accepted.
I don't think she was specifically asking me for help. I would have been prepared to help a friend, but if you don't know someone it's quite an imposition. There are firms out there that offer the service, and of course they charge a fee. Here's one example, and you can check their prices for yourself by clicking on the logo.
It might seem a lot of money, but consider this: you're asking someone to give up a substantial amount of their time to read a book that, frankly, they might hate. Then they'll have to sweat over your proposal letter to see how to turn your sow's ear into a silk purse. And your CV might actually be rather underwhelming if you're an unpublished author. And you expect a report on your book, too.
Realistically, the first page counts most. Spend time getting that right at least. Get the proposal letter right, and above all make your synopsis short and sweet. Tell the story right through on one side of A4.
And don't get too disappointed if they still reject your book. It happens to all of us. And you're dealing with ordinary human beings, at the end of the day.
*I should make one thing clear, by the way: I've no idea who "Writers Services" are. Their fees might be reasonable for a decent job, but a decent job might not be what they actually do. I genuinely don't know. If you want to find out something about the quality of their work, I'd suggest you ask for testimonials and get in touch with people who have used them.


Google and Amazon would both work on wireless earplugs as an alternative to Apple's AirPods. Google and Amazon are likely to release their wireless earplugs in 2019. That writes the generally trustworthy Apple analyst Ming-Chi Kuo to 9to5Mac.
The analyst estimates that Google and Amazon will launch a total of 10 to 20 million copies of their AirPods alternatives next year. It would be the biggest competitors for Apple's wireless earplugs, because "Google is the most influential brand in the Android field and Amazon offers the best voice assistant".
More information about the earplugs is not known. Google and Amazon have not made any announcements themselves.
Google and Amazon would offer wireless earplugs for the first time. Amazon does not have such earplugs yet, and Google only provides a version with a wire between the two caps.
Kuo thinks that the number of AirPods shipped next year will increase. According to him, this year the number is between 26 and 28 million. That number would grow to 50 to 55 million next year. Apple never makes figures about it themselves.
Apple is reportedly operating on new versions of the AirPods. The first update, with a wireless rechargeable box, would be released in early 2019. In 2020, a model is expected with an entirely new design, says the analyst.


text:
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.GenericWebpageView.as_view(), name="start"),
    url(r'^accounts/login/$', views.user_login, name='user_login'),
    url(r'^logout/$', views.user_logout, name='user_logout'),
    url(r'^(?P<template>[\w-]+)/$', views.GenericWebpageView.as_view(), name='staticpage'),
]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
const expect = require('chai').expect
const fs = require('fs')
const path = require('path')
const Crc32C = require('..')

describe('CRC-32C', function () {
  describe('.calculate', function () {
    const input = 'A hardware-accelerated CRC-32C implementation'
    const output = 795910490
    const testCases = {
      'string': {input: input, output: output},
      'buffer': {input: Buffer.from(input), output: output}
    }

    Object.keys(testCases).forEach(function (inputType) {
      it(`should handle input of type ${inputType}`, function () {
        const input = testCases[inputType].input
        const output = testCases[inputType].output
        expect(Crc32C.calculate(input)).to.equal(output)
      })
    })
  })

  describe('.fromStream', function () {
    it('should correctly calculate the CRC-32C of the stream', function (done) {
      const input = fs.createReadStream(path.join(__dirname, 'fixture.txt'))
      const output = Crc32C.fromStream(input)

      output.on('finish', function () {
        expect(output.crc).to.equal(1240019588)
        done()
      })
    })
  })
})


In cooperation with the Center for Applied Music Research MICA - music informatio center Austria offers a workshop with Steven Masur on September 19th, 2018 at Stiftgasse 29, 1070 Vienna.
At the invitation of mica - music information in cooperation with the Center for Applied Music Research of Danube University Krems, US-American copyright expert Steven Masur will give insights into the application of blockhain technology in the music business on September 19, 2018 from 6:00 pm to 7:00 pm.
Blockchains are cryptographically linked datasets, which, among other things, are suitable for contract drafting and the preservation of rights due to their highly secure nature. "Applications of the blockchain are becoming more and more important for the music business," says the head of the Center for Applied Music Research, Mag. Dr. Eva Maria Stöckler, which is why we are providing insight into the details and requirements of using this new technology at our master program "Music Management", and Steven Masur is an excellent specialist with a great deal of knowledge of the subject! "
The US lawyer Steven Masur has been working as a copyright specialist for quite some time dealing with the practice of this new technology in the music business. He is involved in the legal, economic and strategic advising of internationally established but also young and ambitious companies. His focus is on corporate finance, venture capital finance, mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures and cross-border transactions.
If you want to dvelve deeper into the subject matter, you can attend the Open Lecture by Steven Masur on September 17th at Danube University Krems free of charge from 9.30 am to 5 pm, which is held as part of the master program "Music Management".
free of charge / no admission necessary.


text:
Creatine: The Chemistry Behind The Supplement
A look at the science behind the world's most popular supplement - creatine. An in depth look at creatine from a chemical and biochemical point of view.
Creatine has a very long and controversial history. Creatine ( methyl guandino-acetice acid) was discovered by French chemist Michel Eugene Chevreul in 1832. Chevreul was studying different metabolites found in meats when he first isolated creatine; he named it after the Greek word for flesh, Kreas. (16) Unknown to Chevereul at the time, creatine would become the most popular dietary supplement in the world. (1) Justus von Liebig confirmed Chevereul's discovery in 1847 and conducted additional research on creatine and animal physiology. Liebig would make several interesting findings while conducting his research. He discovered that wild foxes contained ten times more creatine in their skeletal muscle than foxes in captivity did. He concluded that physical exercise caused an increase in creatine concentration in skeletal muscle. (1)
In 1927 phosphocreatine, a derivative of creatine, was discovered. This breakthrough discovery came from Fiske and Subbarow. (1) Their research established the fact that phosphocreatine concentrations in skeletal muscles decreased during contractions, and concentrations rose again during resting periods. (1) They also discovered the role phosphocreatine plays in energy production. After Fiske and Subbarow's findings, little research was conducted on creatine until 1992 when Chanutin reported that upon creatine ingestion, total creatine concentrations in skeletal muscle rose. (1) This finding meant that supplemental creatine could be absorbed directly into skeletal muscle. This study has been confirmed by other studies including the one conducted by Harris et al in 1992, which is considered the major persuading study that began the revolution of creatine supplementation. (17) As a result of the Harris et al study, the amount of research being conducted on creatine increased rapidly. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how creatine can be used as a sports supplement using a chemical standpoint, and to investigate differing factors that contribute to the effectiveness of creatine supplementation.
In recent years, creatine has become an interesting topic outside of the performance enhancing field and into the medical field. Evidence has been revealed that suggests creatine may have importance in the treatment of several disorders such as Parkinson's disease, neuromuscular diseases, brain diseases, muscular dystrophies, and even heart disease. (2,19) This evidence has broadened the possibility of creatine outside of improving athletic performance and into saving lives.
Creatine in the Human Body
As stated above, it has been shown that phosphocreatine concentrations fluctuate with muscle contraction. (1) This finding suggested the role that creatine plays in the human body. It has been speculated that creatine can ultimately raise that amount of energy humans "store" inside of their skeletal muscles. When a muscle contracts it uses the hydrolysis of a phosphoanhydride bond from an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecule to release energy. The hydrolysis of the ATP molecule yields an adenosine diphosphate (ADP) molecule. (3) This is the primary mechanism the human body uses to receive energy during muscle contraction. Because of this dependency on ATP hydrolysis, the concentration, and therefore the availability of ATP, in the skeletal muscle is critical in determining the amount of "stored" energy the muscle has to perform a contraction (in most cases exercise).
It is important to note that when ATP is being dephosphorylated into ADP, resynthesis of ATP is being achieved at the same time inside of the muscle. This is where creatine becomes a crucial factor in the energy production of muscle cells in the body. During contraction, this resynthesis of ATP from ADP is accomplished through the degradation of phosphocreatine. This reaction is presented in figure 1: (4)
The Creatine Kinase Reaction Presented in this image is the creatine kinase reaction which occurs in skeletal muscle to resynthesize ATP. As one can see phosphocreatine combined with ADP yields creatine (Cr) and ATP to be used for energy production. Adapted from Wyss and Kaddurah-Daouk (2000). (4)
As a result of this direct interaction between phosphocreatine and ADP, phosphocreatine concentrations is the limiting factor in the resynthesis of ATP. With this knowledge of how skeletal muscle uses the creatine kinase reaction to produce energy, the supplementation of creatine can now be investigated. Many factors regarding creatine supplementation will be explored below, as well as the effectiveness of the creatine supplementation on performance enhancement.
The first factor that is to be investigated is the contribution creatine, in its pure form, has on maintaining energy levels. Even though creatine does not directly react with ADP to produce ATP, there is a pathway by which creatine assists in the resynthesis of ATP as shown in figure 1. Creatine performs this task by acting as a buffer to the reaction that occurs during the resynthesis of ATP. (5) It has been proven that upon creatine supplementation, the total concentration of phosphocreatine in skeletal muscle increases. (6) Therefore, creatine supplementation does not allow the concentration of phopsocreatine to decrease low enough where the equilibrium will shift away from the production of ATP under Le Chatelier's principal. This elevated phosphocreatine also shifts the equilibrium towards production of ATP under Le Chatelier's principal as well. This buffering system, in turn, allows for much faster and more efficient production of ATP, causing the overall of availability of ATP to rise.
Although one may wish to consider creatine as the perfect supplement for energy production in muscle tissue, reduced energy production is not the only reason muscle fibers become fatigued. The other factor to consider, with regard to muscle fatigue, is the build up of lactic acid (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) during contraction. As the muscle contracts the demand for ATP begins to rise. As ATP use increases, lactic acid is produced in the muscle tissue at a rate faster than the muscle can remove it. This inability to remove lactic acid fast enough causes the concentration of lactic acid in the muscle tissue to rise. As the concentration rises, this lowers the pH of the muscle with has been linked to cause a fatigue effect in the muscle. (7) However, it is important to note that according to Katz et al the fatigue that is experienced during short-term contraction is more dependant on low phosphocreatine concentrations rather than the increased concentrations of lactic acid. (8) This result has been confirmed by Saugen et al. (18) These findings show the importance phosphocreatine plays in the amount of energy a muscle can produce during contraction.
Another aspect of creatine in the human body to consider is which type of muscle fiber consumes more creatine during contraction. According to Casey and Greenhaff, the two different types of muscle fibers found in skeletal muscle, type I and type II, consume creatine in different amounts. (3) Type I fibers are considered slow-twitch fibers and are more useful when conducting aerobic exercise such as long distance running or biking. Type II fibers are considered fast-twitch fibers and are used during short maximum effort muscle contraction such as lifting weights. They report that the use of phosphocreatine in type II fibers can be as much as 33% higher than the use in type I fibers. Since the major source of energy for type I fibers is triglycerides and ATP for type II fibers, it can be speculated that the supplementation of creatine would be more beneficial for short explosive anaerobic exercises, than it would be for longer aerobic exercises. (3)
It is also important to investigate the maximum amount of creatine, and ultimately phosphocreatine, which can be stored inside muscle fibers. The average person who consumes a normal diet consisting of protein, carbohydrates, and fats has a base creatine level of approximately 120mmol of creatine per kilogram of dry mass. (5) This amount can be substantially lower depending on the individual's diet. For example, a vegetarian has lower creatine levels because of the absence of meat in the individuals diet. According to Paddon-Jones et al, the maximum concentration of creatine in skeletal muscle that can be achieved through supplementation is 160mmol per kilogram of dry mass. (5) This concentration cannot be increased by additional creatine supplementation. Once this concentration has been reached, additional ingested creatine will be excreted.
In addition to the proposed energetic effects creatine has on skeletal muscle, it has been found to play a role in the mechanisms that control muscle protein synthesis. In one study, researchers discovered that elevated creatine concentration of skeletal muscle cells leads to an increase in myosin heavy chain synthesis. (9) These studies were conducted in vitro using tissue cultures. The results of Ingwall's et al study are presented in Table 1.
Experiment # Total Protein synthesis (cmp/ g DNA) Myosin heavy chain synthesis (cmp/ g DNA) Percent increase in rate of myosin synthesis
Control 1 149,000 360 -
2 134,000 350 -
+5mM
Creatine 1 161,000 800 120
2 151,000 610 75
Total Percentage of Myosin Heavy Chain Synthesis after Creatine Supplementation in Tissue Culture Cells. Culture cells were incubated for a four hour period where they were injected with a 5mM concentrated solution of creatine and warm water. As one can see the synthesis of myosin heavy chain raised drastically when the creatine was introduced into the tissue cultures. The total protein synthesis and total myosin heavy chain synthesis were measured using 3H decay analysis. (9)
As one can see, the increase of creatine concentrations raised the amount of myosin heavy chain and the total protein synthesized inside of the cell. These findings were later confirmed by many similar studies conducted by Ingwall et al. (19) Because myosin heavy chain is the major protein that initiates muscle contraction, these results give evidence that creatine promotes maximum muscle contraction through two different mechanisms: an energetic effect as well as promoting the synthesis of myosin heavy chain. Conversely, it is also important to note that some studies have not been able to find that creatine supplementation improves overall protein synthesis. However, one such study was able to find that creatine supplementation possibly decreased the rate of protein catabolism, or the rate in which protein is broken down inside of the body. (19)
Even though the theoretical possibilities of creatine seem to be amazing, the question still remains as to whether creatine supplementation can improve athletic performance. There have been countless studies conducted on creatine supplementation, and surprisingly not, they have revealed conflicting results. Casey and Greenhaff found that creatine supplementation of 20g per day for five days resulted in improved performance in maximum isokinetic leg extensions of up to 4%. (3) Casey et al discovered that with the same supplementation regimen as Casey and Greenhaff, nine male subjects increased their total work production during several maximum isokinetic exercises by an average of 4%. (10) Harris et al conducted tests on mid-range trained runners at Tartu University, where they found creatine supplementation of 20-30g per day for five days significantly improved the runners' times in their respective race compared to a placebo group. (11) This study conducted by Harris et al indicated that creatine was not only useful in short term maximum muscle contraction, but also useful in exercises that use more type I muscle fibers such as mid-ranged races.
Although there have been a large number of studies conducted where creatine supplementation was shown to improve athletic performance, there were many other studies where no such evidence was found. One such study was conducted by Syrotuik et al, in which they investigated the performance of rowers. (12) The study found that through an eight week period, there was no significant increase between the subjects supplementing with creatine and the placebo group. Similar results were obtained by Odland et al during 30 seconds of maximum exercise. (13) Because many of these studies tend to contradict each other, it is important to note some of the aspects of the studies presented above. The study conducted by Odland et al only lasted for three days, in which many feel is too short for the phosphocreatine concentrations inside the muscle to be properly elevated. The normal time period allowed for creatine concentration in the muscle to reach a maximum level and stay constant is five days of supplementation. This shortened time period could possibly lead to inaccurate results, and incorrect conclusions. The study performed by Syrotuik et al lasted significantly longer than the previous study. However, this study used the same training volume for both the supplemented group and the placebo group. As the supplemented group phosphocreatine concentrations began to rise, they were unable to increase their training volume if they wished throughout the study. Because the training volume was held constant for both groups in the study, this could have led to inaccurate results.
Through the results discussed above, it is still unclear as to the effectiveness of creatine supplementation. However, it is important to mention that of 300 studies reviewed by Kreider, approximately 70% reported considerable beneficial effects from creatine supplementation. (20) With this majority of studies finding creatine supplementation increasing athletic performance, it is still important to investigate the varying types of creatine that are commercially sold. A couple of the more popular derivatives of creatine will be explored below.
Derivatives of Creatine
Creatine monohydrate was the first form of creatine sold as a dietary supplement. (15) It exists with a creatine molecule hydrogen bound to a single water (hydrate) molecule. This is the simplest and most popular form of creatine sold. (15) Creatine monohydrate has also had a controversial history regarding its bioavailability and its effectiveness as a dietary supplement. Many believe that creatine monohydrate is not able to pass through the intestine with great efficiency, therefore having a low bioavailability. (4) For this reason, it is often recommended that creatine monohydrate be supplemented with simple carbohydrates to induce an insulin spike in which the creatine is thought to be absorbed with more efficiency. (3) Although this is a very common belief, Harris et al state that the bioavailability of creatine monohydrate is approximately 100%. (14) Another reason why creatine monohydrate is controversial is that creatine monohydrate has a low solubility in water at room temperature, approximately 14g per one liter of water. (15) This low solubility requires creatine to be mixed with a large amount of warm water to give a consistent uniform mixture. (15)
Another factor that is to be considered with the different derivatives of creatine is the rate at which the creatine derivative breaks down into creatinine once it has entered the blood stream. Harris et al conducted a study on how three different types of creatine (creatine monohydrate, creatine citrate, and creatine pyruvate) affected creatine blood concentrations. (14) They found that the different types of creatine resulted in different blood creatine concentrations during a certain time period after supplementation. The results of their study are presented in Table 2:
Monohydrate Creatine
Citrate Creatine
Time (h) Mean Concentration
(M) Mean Concentration
0.5 488.6 551.1 637.0
Blood Creatine Concentration after Ingestion of Different forms of Creatine. Three male and three females were supplemented with the different forms of creatine using a capsule administration system. Each subject was given three different treatments, in which each treatment contained the different form of creatine. The amounts administered were 5g of creatine monohydrate, 6.7g creatine citrate, and 7.3g creatine pyruvate. The differing amounts were given to ensure each subject was given exactly 5g of creatine in each treatment. As one can see the different forms of creatine gave conflicting results. (14)
Because it has been shown that creatine monohydrate has approximately a 100% bioavailability, the researchers speculate these differences in blood concentrations is a result of varying rates of degradation of the different derivatives of creatine. (14)
The reason for these differing results lie within the molecular structure of each derivative of creatine. Each labeled structure is shown in Appendix 1. Creatine citrate is more soluble in water than creatine monohydrate, making it easier to administer a more consistent supplementation, when taken orally. Creatine citrate exists in the form of a salt, with a molecule of creatine ionically bonded with a citric acid molecule. This form of acidic creatine has a lower pKa of approximately 5 because of the citric acid molecule. This in turn raises the bioavailability slightly, as well as lowers the rate at which the creatine breaks down. This is a result of the acidic creatine being more stable in the acidic nature of the stomach. (15) Creatine pyruvate is very similar to the citric acid derivative in that it exists as a salt of creatine and pyruvic acid. (15) This modification again lowers the pKa of the creatine molecule making its bioavailability again slightly higher, heightened water solubility, and a slightly slower degradation rate into creatinine.
A new form of creatine that has become available in the last couple of years is the creatine ethyl ester (CEE). CEE exists as a creatine based compound where the carboxylic acid terminal is replaced by and ethyl ester. (2) Because creatine is degraded more rapidly in the acidic conditions of the stomach to creatinine than the ethyl ester derivative, the bioavailability of CEE is slightly higher than the monohydrate form. (2) This slower breakdown of CEE allows the body to utilize the full amount of creatine ingested. In addition, CEE has a higher lipophilicity causing it to have a much higher membrane permeability. (2) This allows for the CEE molecule to penetrate the muscle fibers with greater efficiency than the monohydrate derivative.
It is easy to see why creatine has such a controversial history. The many factors that dictate the efficiency of creatine vary from person to person. However, it is also simple to see why creatine has become the most popular dietary supplements in the world.(1) It has been reported that in the 1996 Olympic Games, nearly 80% of the athletes were supplementing with creatine. (5) The theoretical possibilities for creatine are astonishing, but it is still very difficult to draw a final conclusion on the effectiveness of creatine. As stated above, 70% of 300 studies have concluded that creatine supplementation increases athletic performance within an incredibly short period of time, usually only one week. (20) Questions still remain, however, as to why these other 30% did not find any athletic enhancement upon supplementation. Although the majority of the studies that have been conducted find creatine effective, it is ultimately up to the individual to decide if creatine supplementation can improve their athletic performance.
1) Bahrke, M.; Yesalis, C.; Creatine As an Ergogenic Supplement, Ch. 15. Performance-Enhancing Substances in Sports and Exercise, 1st edition; Human Kinetics: Champaign, Illinois, 2002; 175-209.
2) Vennerstrom, J. L. Production of Creatine Esters Using In Situ Acid Production. U.S. Patent 20050049428, August 25, 2003.
3) Casey, A.; Greenhaff, P. Does Dietary Creatine Supplementation Play a Role in Skeletal Muscle Metabolism and Performance?. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2000, 72, 607-617.
4) Kaddurah-Daouk, C; Wyss, S. Creatine and Creatinine Metabolism. Physiol. Rev., 2000, 80, 1107-1213.
5) Paddon-Jones, D et al. Potential Ergogenic Effects of Arginine and Creatine Supplementation. J. Nutr,, 2004, 134, 2888-2894.
6) Parise G. et al. Effects of Acute Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on Leucine Kinetics and Mixed-Muscle Protein Synthesis. J. Appl. Physiol., 2001, 91, 1041-1047.
7) Matsurra, R. et al. Effect of Blood Lactate Concentration and the Level of Oxygen Uptake Immediately Before a Cycling Sprint on Neuromuscular Activation During Repeated Cycling Sprints. J. Physiol. Anthropol., 2006, 25, 267-273.
8) Katz, A. et al. Muscle ATP Turnover Rate During Isometric Contraction in Humans. J. Appl. Physiol., 1986, 60, 1839-1842.
9) Ingwall, J. et al. Specificity of Creatine in the Control of Muscle Protein Synthesis. J. Cell Biol., 1974, 63, 145-151.
10) Casey, A. et al. Creatine Ingestion Favorably Affects Performance and Muscle Metabolism During Maximal Exercise in Humans. Am. J. Physiol., 1996, 271, 31-37
11) Harris, R. et al. The Effect of Oral Creatine Supplementation on Running Performance During Maximal Short Term Exercise in Man. J. Physiol., 1993, 467, 74P.
12) Syrotuik, R. et al. Effects of Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation During Combined Strength and High Intensity Rowing Training on Performance. Can. J. Appl. Physiol., 2001, 26, 527-542.
13) Odland, B. et al. Effect of Oral Creatine Supplementation on Muscle [PCr] and Short-term Maximum Power Output. Med. Sci. Spts. Exr., 1997, 29, 216-219.
14) Harris, R. et al. Comparison of New Forms of Creatine in Raising Plasma Creatine Levels. J Int. Soc. Spts. Nutr., 2007, 4, 17-22.
15) Carnazzo, J. Method for Enhancing Delivery and Uniformity of Concentration of Cellular Creatine. U.S. Patent 5925378, July 20, 1999.
16) Tokish, J. et al. Ergogenic Aids: A Review of Basic Science, Performance, Side Effects, and Status in Sports. Am. J. Spts., 2004, 32, 1543-1553.
17) Harrise, R. et al. Elevation of Creatine in Resting and Exercising Muscle of Normal Subjects by Creatine Supplementation. Clin. Sci. (London), 1992, 83, 367-374.
18) Saugen, E. et al. Dissociation Between Metabolic and Contractile Responses During Intermittent Isometric Exercise in Man. Exp. Physio.l, 1997, 82,213-226.
19) Persky, A. Brazeau, G. Clinical Pharmacology of the Dietary Supplement Creatine Monohydrate. Pharmac. Rev., 2001, 53, 161-176.
20) Kreider, R. Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Performance and Training Adaptation. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 2003, 244, 89-94.
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I have a chemistry project and I chose creatine as my topic and I would like ti learn about the chemistry behind creatine. Is there anyone I could talk to for reference and guide me through this project?
Shoalpt...When loading I generally do 5 grams pre and post-workout, 5 grams first thing in the morning, and the 5 grams whenever it makes the most sense. This could be at night, or before dinner.
Shoalpt
Good read - thanks for the information. I have just commenced to use creatine monohydrate (4g/day), and intended to load commencing next Monday for 5 days at 24g/day split over four doses mixed with grape juice or ???. Do you have any suggestion on how to use it in respect to times of day/before workout/after workout/first thing in the morning or whatever I need to know to load and then maintain.


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The two ex-PhD students from the group of Georg Keller are recognized in the category "Neurosciences and Diseases of the Nervous System" for a study in which they shed light on neural circuits in the cortex that underlie the integration of movement and visual feedback. The Pfizer Research Prize is one of the most prestigious awards in the field of basic medical research and clinical research in Switzerland.
Movement and sensory feedback are tightly coupled, e.g. as we turn our head one way, the visual world moves the other way. This coupling of movement and sensory input is crucial for the normal development of visual perception. To experimentally test how information about what mice see is combined with information about how mice move, Attinger and Wang raised mice in virtual environments and recorded the activity of the neurons in their brain while the animals were playing a simple video game. They found that in the brain of mice, visual information coming from the eyes is continuously compared to an expectation of the visual input. Through learning by experience, a specialized circuit in the visual cortex learns to detect mismatches between actual sensory input and the expected input.
These findings help to understand how the brain combines different types of information to shape our perception. This opens up new ways to explore diseases in which this perception is disturbed. This is why the Pfizer Research Prize Foundation awarded the two FMI researchers in the category "Neurosciences and Diseases of the Nervous System".
The Pfizer Research Prize has been awarded annually since 1992 by the Pfizer Foundation and is one of the most important awards in the field of basic medical research and clinical research in Switzerland. It is awarded to young scientists who have made outstanding and forward-looking contributions to basic or clinical research at Swiss research institutes or hospitals. This year 24 young awardees were selected, in five different categories. The official awards ceremony took place last Thursday in Zürich.


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New Jersey's Real ID deadline pushed back amid coronavirus closures
Katie Sobko
As a result of state agencies being closed throughout the country, the federal government announced a new deadline for the rollout of the Real ID law.
Travelers will now have until Oct. 1, 2021, a year from the current deadline, to update their identification to the newer version that will comply with the security standards to fly.
Many New Jersey residents have seen the demand for appointments and the rush to comply ahead of the deadline, but unless you are looking to fly, that really isn't necessary.
Christopher Hillman, the director of legislative affairs for the Motor Vehicle Commission, said most motor vehicle locations now have Real ID capabilities and the extra time will help with the appointment process.
CASES:Here is a map of all of the counties with cases of coronavirus in NJ
CORONAVIRUS:Complete coverage on New Jersey cases and the state's response
"Now that we have a whole year's worth of appointments to add it should reduce that demand," he said. "There will still be appointments though."
He also reiterated that people think the updated ID is mandatory but it's actually only necessary for flying and entering federal buildings, but a passport would suffice as well.
For those who don't want a Real ID, the process of online renewal hasn't changed and the standard identification won't be phased out, he said.
The extension also relieves pressure on states, including many that were behind on implementing Real ID requirements before the coronavirus became a factor.
New licenses and state ID cards across the country look nearly identical to a standard driver's license, with the exception of a symbol in the upper right corner indicating that the card is a REAL ID.
According to the Department of Homeland Security, nearly 100 million Americans now have driver's licenses that meet the new standards.
Katie Sobko is a local reporter for NorthJersey.com. For unlimited access to the most important news from your local community, please subscribe or activate your digital account today.
Email: sobko@northjersey.com Twitter: @katesobko


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Entertainment TV Actors from Omaha
3.6k views 72 items
List Rules Only TV actors who were born or grew up in Omaha.
List of famous television actors/actresses who were born in Omaha, with photos when available. These renowned Omaha actors and actresses are listed by popularity, so the names at the top of the list will be the most recognizable. A few of these actors may not have technically been born in Omaha, but everyone on this list grew up in Omaha and considers it to be their home. This list includes Omaha TV actors from every type of show, including cartoons where they might have done voice over work. If you grew up in Omaha then you should be proud of these television actors whose birthplace is Omaha. Various bits of information are available for these Omaha celebrities as well, such as what year they were born and what shows they are known for.
List is made up of a variety of TV actors, including Marlon Brando and Gabrielle Union.
This list answers the questions, "Which TV actors are from Omaha?" and "Who are the most famous Omaha actors?"
Gabrielle Union FlashForward, Night Stalker, Being Mary Jane
Gabrielle Monique Union Wade is an American actress and former model. Among her notable roles is her performance as the cheerleader opposite Kirsten Dunst in the film Bring It On,. In 2000, she ...more
Jorge Garcia Lost, Alcatraz, Becker
Jorge Garcia is an American actor and comedian. He first came to public attention with his performance as Hector Lopez on the television show Becker and later for his portrayal of Hugo ...more
Swoosie Kurtz ER, Pushing Daisies, Mike & Molly
Swoosie Kurtz is an American actress. She is an Emmy Award winner and two-time Tony Award winner. Kurtz made her Broadway debut in the 1975 revival of Ah, Wilderness. She has received five Tony ...more
Andrew Rannells Girls, The New Normal, Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters
Andrew Scott Rannells is an American actor and singer. He is perhaps best known for his work as Elder Price in the 2011 Broadway musical The Book of Mormon, which earned him a nomination for the ...more
Fred Astaire Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town, The Over-the-Hill Gang Rides Again, The Easter Bunny is Comin' to Town
Fred Astaire was an American dancer, choreographer, singer, musician and actor. His stage and subsequent film and television careers spanned a total of 76 years, during which he made 31 musical ...more
Nick Nolte Luck, Gracepoint, Rich Man
Nicholas King "Nick" Nolte is an American actor. Nolte has appeared in films such as The Deep, 48 Hrs., Down and Out in Beverly Hills, Another 48 Hrs., Everybody Wins, The Prince of ...more
Marlon Brando The Godfather Saga, Roots: The Next Generations, Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Special
Marlon Brando, Jr. was an American actor and film director. He is hailed for bringing a gripping realism to film acting, and is widely considered to be one of the greatest and most influential ...more
Jaime King Hart of Dixie, Gary Unmarried, Kitchen Confidential
Jaime King is an American actress and model. In her modeling career and early film roles, she used the names Jamie King and James King, which was a childhood nickname given to King by her ...more
David Doyle Rugrats, Charlie's Angels, Match Game
David Fitzgerald Doyle was an American actor.
Paul Williams My Little Pony, The Women of Brewster Place, The Head
Paul Hamilton Williams, Jr. is an American composer, singer-songwriter, and actor. He is perhaps best known for popular songs performed by a number of acts in the 1970s including Three Dog ...more
Steve Borden Impact Wrestling, WCW Thunder, WCW WorldWide
Steve Borden Sr. is an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, Sting. He is currently employed by the professional wrestling promotion WWE. Sting is best known for his ...more
Ted DiBiase WCW Monday Nitro, Saturday Night's Main Event, WXO Wrestling
Theodore Marvin "Ted" DiBiase Sr. is an American former professional wrestler, manager, ordained minister and color commentator. He is signed with WWE working in their Legends program. ...more
Terry Kiser The Secret Storm, Carol & Company, Good Company
Terry Kiser is an American actor, best known for his portrayal of the dead title-character in the comedy Weekend at Bernie's, and its sequel, Weekend at Bernie's II. Terry Kiser is a very ...more
Andy Milder Weeds, Austin & Ally, Legion of Super Heroes
Andy Milder is an American actor and voice actor. He has appeared in such films as Apollo 13, Armageddon, Rumor Has It…, Frost/Nixon, Transformers and Domino. He was a series regular on Fame ...more
Inga Swenson Benson, North and South, Doctor Doctor
Inga Swenson is an American actress.
Dorothy McGuire Rich Man, Poor Man, Little Women (US)
Dorothy Hackett McGuire was an American actress.
Andy Roddick Charity Jam
Andrew Stephen "Andy" Roddick is a former American professional tennis player and former World No. 1. He is known for his fast service and powerful forehand. He became a Grand Slam ...more
Wesley Addy Ryan's Hope, The Edge of Night, Loving
Robert Wesley Addy was an American actor.
Lenka Peterson Another World, Search for Tomorrow, A Flame in the Wind
Lenka Peterson is an actor.
Karen Arthur
Karen Arthur is an American film director, producer, and actress. She has directed three feature films, including Lady Beware and The Mafu Cage, but the majority of her work has been in ...more
Jim Fitzpatrick 100 Deeds for Eddie McDowd
Jim Fitzpatrick is an American actor, producer, writer, and director. He has starred in over 50 feature films and TV Series. He also is the founder and president of Five Star Studios and ...more
Bryan Greenberg How to Make It in America, October Road, Unscripted
Bryan Greenberg is an American actor and musician, known for his starring role as Ben Epstein in the HBO original series How to Make It in America as well as a recurring role as Jake Jagielski ...more
Scott Porter Friday Night Lights, Hart of Dixie, X-Men
Matthew Scott Porter, better known as Scott Porter, is an American actor and occasional singer known for his role as Jason Street in the NBC television drama Friday Night Lights. His character ...more
Ray Baker Great Scott!
Ray Baker is an American theater, television and film actor. Baker was born in Omaha, Nebraska. He is a long time character actor with over 100 credits on television and film alone. Baker is ...more
Craig Anton Phil of the Future, Tom Goes to the Mayor, First Time Out
Craig Ward Anton is an American actor and comedian. Anton is most notable for being one of the original cast of comedians on sketch comedy television series MADtv and for his role as Lloyd Diffy ...more
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If you don't already know why – if not how – your 2015 will be better than your 2014, then you are setting yourself up to fail. Coming out of one year and into another, unless you want to finish next year right where you are today, means having a distinct plan that will help you get ahead in the new year.
Yes, we are turning that old saw on its head. Guru after guru will tell you to change something up. To do more of this or less of that or this and that different just to be "better." Forget all that noise. You need to be doing what you do well and KEEP doing that stuff better than your competition. One of the easiest and most predictable ways to fail is to take something that works and change it just for the sake of change. Never change just to be different. Changes must always have a profit-driven reason. A SPECIFIC profit-driven reason. So don't give up on what got you where you are just because it "feels like it's time to change." Bottom line, as you are making necessary adjustments and additions in the new year, don't just put your earlier successes on auto-pilot.
The day you stop learning is the day you start failing. Status quo is nothing to brag about. Sure you want to keep your machine humming, but there's nothing wrong with getting yet another machine humming. And, to do that, you need to expose yourself to information and situations that you are currently less than operationally savvy about.
Did you know that, by 2015, millennials will inject more than $2.45 trillion into the marketplace? Would you like a piece of that action? Well, why not find a way to earn that market share? And that's just one of many different market segments you could be missing. While each day more than 10,000 people turn 21, in that same time span more than 1,000 people reach retirement age. Two massive population groups on either end of the market spectrum. Why not find a way to appeal to both?
Following these tips from us at the Ronn Torossian Foundation won't guarantee that something unforeseen might pop up out of nowhere, but even if (when) it does, you will be better prepared.


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Find a Cycling holiday
Cycling Holiday in Gstaad
Ryan Georgiades May 10, 2018
We've teamed up with Switzerland Tourism to show you the best cycling locations the country has to offer. In our Swiss cycling holiday blog series we will be visiting Emmental Ticino and Valais but our first visit is to Gstaad in southwestern Switzerland. This cycling holiday destination has earned a high level of prestige and international renown both inside the cycling world and out.
Rooted in the alpine tradition, this sleepier part of the country (situated far from Geneva and Zurich) maintains a rustic charm and authenticity that keeps guests coming back for more. As acting legend Julie Andrews famously said, "Gstaad is the last paradise in a crazy world."
It is predictably popular in the winter months for its access to the mountains, and its magnetism is in no way diminished once the snow has melted. Cyclists will find more than 500km of GPS tours and signposted routes for mountain, road, and e-bikes, leading them back to any number of bike hotels at the end of the day.
Let's take a look at what each rider type can expect to find in the cycling paradise of Gstaad.
A cycling holiday in Gstaad is the place to go for varied and challenging routes through staggering Alpine scenery. This region is very much a well-kept secret, away from the famous, well-trodden mountain parcours of Europe's Grand Tours. The variety is incredible, with poky little alleyways through towns leading to breath-taking valley roads which give way again to narrow winding mountain passes.
Ever since "Pedaleur de Charme" and overall winner of the Tour de Suisse, Hugo Koblet, won the stage to Gstaad in 1950, the area has been something of a Mecca to those in the know. The Gstaad roadbook shows off ten 'Tours' for all abilities of lengths anywhere between 40 and 170km and altitude gain up to 2,900m. All promise an epic day out and a chance to alter our rhythm with the ultimate meditation: riding your bike.
Speaking of the Tour de Suisse, this year's edition of the WorldTour stage race makes the most of the fantastic terrain in and around Gstaad. Listed as moderate, stage 4, which finishes in Gstaad, is relatively benign until the category 2 climb up to Saanenmöser and what promises to be a lightning fast and potentially chaotic 9km descent to the finish line. Stage 5 picks up where stage 4 left off, taking the race south and climbing from the gun. The Tour de Suisse is one stage race guaranteed to bring the fireworks and this year's looks no different.
It's not often that you hear about routes designed and maintained specifically for electric mountain bikes, but today happens to be such an occasion. Gstaad boasts a variety of e-MTB routes which cater for beginners and leisure-seekers who have come to Switzerland to take in breath-taking views and mountain air. The routes are predominantly classed as 'easy' with a mix of natural terrain, singletrack and paved trails, taking riders through pine forests, beside mountain streams and along high-sided valleys surrounded by snow-capped peaks.
With mountains galore, as well as the rugged terrain that invariably sits between high peaks, Gstaad is a perfect playground for mountain bikers. There are MTB routes to suit riders of all types, no matter whether you're looking for high altitude cross-country, technical forest trails, or just a cruise along the valley floor. There's something to suit all abilities from beginners to seasoned enthusiasts.
For some, the scope of pedalled expeditions reaches only so far as the tourist trail demands, and for that, there are a number of signposted e-bike routes available. The mountain scenes and crisp Alpine air are best experienced on two wheels and an electric-assisted bike offers a little extra oomph to the ride, giving you more time to look around and enjoy the panorama. What's more, many of the villages now have battery-charging stations, so e-bikers can enjoy rides of any length with peace of mind, taking the opportunity to explore everything the Gstaad region has to offer.
Gastronomic Gstaad
Not just a cycling haven, Gstaad is also a foodie's dream. The gastronomy of the region is described as hearty, delectably creative and definitively home-grown. There are over a hundred restaurants to choose from, so there's no chance of going hungry, nor of getting tired of the same old regional delicacy every night of your stay.
It would be remiss of a guest of Gstaad not to visit one of the many rustic raclette lodges – that's melted cheese: perfect for a guilt-free post-ride binge – or the countless mountain cafés that litter the landscape. The phrase "there's something for everyone" has never been more appropriately employed, with everything from tea rooms to gourmet fine-dining restaurants to choose from.
Bike hotels
Buzzing with that warm, fuzzy feeling that descends at the end of a long and hard day in the mountains, there's nothing better than a welcoming hotel which promises to take care of both you and your bike. There are plenty such places around, including the exquisite Hotel Le Petit Relais in Saanenmöser. This traditional chalet-style hotel is a great base from which to join the routes and trails around Gstaad and the owners are bursting with insider tips and advice for where to go. The hotel promises uncomplicated cuisine for the weary cyclist, relaxing facilities, a bike workshop, e-bike charging station and even provisions for home-made packed lunches.
A Cycling Holiday in Gstaad: Verdict
A cycling holiday in Gstaad will deliver the variety and quality of cycling to satisfy any level of cyclist. The alpine-Italian food, beautiful setting and people only add to the charm of experience.
Don't forget to check out our other Swiss cycling holiday blogs, Emmental, Ticino and Valais!
Photography: Berner Oberland, provided by Switzerland Tourism
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