Chimney fire prevention becomes even more important as we go from Fall to Winter and Chicagoland home owners light their fireplaces for the first time. The Chimney Safety Institute of America states nationwide, in 2012 there were 20 deaths, 60 injuries, $90+ million in damages all related to home fireplaces & chimneys. Naturally, you're no expert on chimneys but keeping your family safe is the top priority & we at Elite Chimney & Masonry are all about that.
Why Did Your Chimney Catch Fire?
The job of your chimney is to remove the byproducts of your fire as quickly & efficiently as possible. Over time this process slows down as more and more condensation is released into the inside of your fire place and your fires stop burning as bright as they used to. This process creates an unwanted and highly combustible residue called creosote. When this build up gets to be too much and your flue gets hot enough, a chimney fire can and will occur.
How Do You Know Your Chimney is on Fire?
In other words: you might see fire, you might hear it, or you may smell it.
You might get some half-baked, DIY idea on what to do but honestly, when it comes to your family's safety, we don't recommend messing around with something as dangerous as fire & smoke inhalation. The margin of error is a lot smaller then you would imagine. If you are sensing that your chimney is on fire call 911 immediately.
How Can You Prevent a Chimney Fire?
The BEST way to avoid a potentially disastrous chimney issue is to schedule an inspection & cleaning with the certified sweeping professionals at Elite Chimney & Masonry. We maximize the efficiency of your fireplace.
Burn dry or cured wood. Burning wet and/or uncured wood creates more of the unwanted creosote build-up we at Elite can eliminate with annual fireplace & chimney check-up.
Don't burn anything other than wood. Avoid anything with ink on it. Don't burn garbage. Never burn plastic or metals. Just keep it simple and ONLY burn dry, cured wood. Everything else just creates unwanted build-up on the inside of your fireplace.
Install a smoke alarm / carbon monoxide detector. Preferably close to your fire place in the same room.
Keep the fireplace clean at all times. Never start a new fire on top of the coals or ashes of a previous burned fire. This can make your fire burn even hotter than normal where it can spark a chimney fire. Keep it tidy.
Fire prevention in your chimney, or anywhere else for that matter is of upmost importance. We hope the fire prevention tips we are providing here can help take some of the stress out of maintaining a chimney & fireplace. Elite Chimney & Masonry can and will help keep your family safe with our professional chimney experts. Maximize the efficiency of your fireplace and call us at 630-343-5979 or contact us TODAY and schedule a visit.
Throughout the entire Chicago suburbs area we offer free, no-hassle consultations. We are chimney fire prevention experts working to keep your family safe!


text:
Q: ActiveRecord/SQL Retrieve all User not registered to an item I am trying to retrieve all Collaborators (Collaborator being a subclass of User) within a specific Organization who are not registered to a specific learning_item.
My data model looks like this :
Collaborator has_many registrations
Collaborator has_many learning_items through registrations
Collaborator has_many organizations_users
Collaborator has_many organizations through organizations_users

LearningItem is a polymorphic object that can be a Program, a Group or a Session.
In my Collaborator model I have scopes :
 scope :without_registrations, -> { where.missing(:registrations) }
  scope :without_registration_to_learning_item, lambda { |learning_item|
    where.not(
      'registrations.learning_item_id': learning_item.id,
      'registrations.learning_item_type': learning_item.class.to_s
    )
  }

Finally to achieve my query. Here's what Ive tried :
 organization
                       .collaborators
                       .without_registrations
                       .or(
                         organization
                           .collaborators
                           .without_registration_to_learning_item(learning_item)
                       ).distinct

The SQL query generated is the following :
"SELECT DISTINCT \"users\".* FROM \"users\" INNER JOIN \"organizations_users\" ON \"users\".\"id\" = \"organizations_users\".\"user_id\" LEFT OUTER JOIN \"registrations\" ON \"registrations\".\"account_id\" = 28 AND \"registrations\".\"user_id\" = \"users\".\"id\" WHERE \"users\".\"account_id\" = 28 AND \"users\".\"type\" = 'Collaborator' AND \"organizations_users\".\"organization_id\" = 1 AND (\"registrations\".\"id\" IS NULL OR NOT (\"registrations\".\"learning_item_id\" = 10164 AND \"registrations\".\"learning_item_type\" = 'Session'))"

This query keeps on returning collaborators that are already registered to the specific learning_item.
Is there something wrong in the logic of my query ? How can I modify it so it returns the correct data.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Lizard penises evolve super-fast
Life 13 January 2015
By Penny Sarchet
Got my evo working
(Image: James Christensen/Mindem)
THEY say size matters, but what of speed? In some lizards, penises have been evolving incredibly quickly – up to six times faster than other traits.
Fertilising eggs when they are still inside your mate is a tricky business. To rise to the task, male genitals can come in different shapes and sizes, even among closely related species of animals. This suggests penises evolve particularly quickly – something that has now been shown in Caribbean lizards for the first time.
Julia Klaczko of Harvard University and colleagues looked at 25 species of Anolis lizard and compared penis shape with two other, non-sexual traits: leg length and the size of the flap of skin on their necks.
Genital gallery: (a) Anolis litoralis; (b) A. evermani; (c) A. brunneus; (d) A. cybotes; and (e) A. graham. Scale bar represents 1 millimetre
(Image: J. Klaczko, T. Ingram and J. Losos)
Hemipenes – as the genitals are known – come in a wide variety of shapes, but Klaczko's team focused on their length, width and lobe size. They looked at how quickly these features changed on the Anolis family tree. The results surprised them. Anolis hemipenes have been evolving six times faster than the other traits. "That the differences were that high was a great finding," says Klaczko.
The finding is extraordinary, agrees Kirsten Nicholson of Central Michigan University in Mount Pleasant. "The idea that genitals evolve more rapidly has been around for a long time. Now we have support."
This fast evolution could be explained by female preferences for new male shapes that better fit or stimulate them, or by a gendered arms race. Wherever they have been examined, the female Anolis genitals match the shape of the corresponding penises, says Gunther Köhler of the Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum in Frankfurt. So it's likely that female genitals are evolving just as fast.
Journal reference: Journal of Zoology, DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12178
This article will appear in print under the headline "Super-fast penis evolution seen in lizards"
Chinese Chang'e 4 engineer explains how to garden on the moon
Magazine issue 3004 , published 17 January 2015
Space weather report to keep GPS on track
Pope's impending call for climate action is refreshing

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


(tib.: rime) Literally unbiased. A non-sectarian movement, integrating elements of all schools, which crystallized during the nineteenth century in Eastern Tibet. It was established by the leading spiritual figures of that time, namely: Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo who initiated the movement (1820–1892), and his disciples, Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Thaye (1811–1899), Chogyur Dechen Lingpa (1829–1870), and Ju Mipham Gyatso (1846–1912). The influence of the Rime movement is still palpable today, especially in the Karma Kagyu and Nyingma schools. The main concern of the first Rime teachers and the succeeding generations of their students was a clear structuring of doctrinal and practical materials, based on the example of the Gelug school. Thus a principal feature of the Rime movement was the emergence of a new literature.
(tib.: suk ku) Form body. Refers to emanation bodies of a Buddha. The basis for Rupakaya is collection of merit. Rupakaya can be divided in Nirmanakaya and Sambhogakaya.


text:
Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/oup/jafrec/v13y2004i02pii95-ii148.html
Evidence of Returns to Schooling in Africa from Household Surveys: Monitoring and Restructuring the Market for Education
T. Paul Schultz
Wage differentials by education of men and women are examined from several recent African household surveys to document empirical regularities in private wage returns to schooling. In contrast to the common description which states that returns are highest at primary school levels and decrease at secondary and post-secondary levels, these surveys imply private returns in six countries are highest at the secondary and post-secondary levels and generally as high for women as they are for men, though women are less likely to enrol at these higher levels of schooling, with the exception of South Africa. Thus, the large public subsidies for post-secondary education in Africa do not appear needed to motivate students to enrol and those who have in the past enrolled in these levels of education are shown to have been drawn disproportionately from the most educated families. More efficient management of higher education in Africa could be encouraged, if the children of well-educated parents were to pay the public costs of their schooling and these tuition revenues were used to expand higher education and finance fellowships for only the children of the poor, who on average face relatively low returns in Africa on their basic education and have the greatest difficulty borrowing to finance their attendance in school. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.
T. Paul Schultz, 2004. "Evidence of Returns to Schooling in Africa from Household Surveys: Monitoring and Restructuring the Market for Education," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies (CSAE), vol. 13(02), pages 95-148, December.
Handle: RePEc:oup:jafrec:v:13:y:2004:i:02:p:ii95-ii148
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T. Paul Schultz, 2003. "Evidence of Returns to Schooling in Africa from Household Surveys: Monitoring and Restructuring the Market for Education," Working Papers 875, Economic Growth Center, Yale University.
Schultz, T. Paul, 2003. "Evidence of Returns to Schooling in Africa from Household Surveys: Monitoring and Restructuring the Market for Education," Center Discussion Papers 28481, Yale University, Economic Growth Center.
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Schultz, T-P, 1996. "Wage and Labor Supply effects of Illness in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana : Instrumental Variable Estimates for Days Disabled," Papers 757, Yale - Economic Growth Center.
Dale W. Jorgenson, 1995. "Productivity, Volume 1: Postwar US Economic Growth," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262100495, February.
de Walque, Damien, 2007. "How does the impact of an HIV/AIDS information campaign vary with educational attainment? Evidence from rural Uganda," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(2), pages 686-714, November.
De Walque, Damien, 2004. "How does the impact of an HIV/AIDS information campaign vary with educational attainment ? Evidence from rural Uganda," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3289, The World Bank.
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Daeheon Choi & Chune Young Chung & Ha Truong, 2019. "Return on Education in Two Major Vietnamese Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-30, September.
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O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
O55 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Africa
J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
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text:
Q: Prestashop 1.7 get admin orders link in module I am building a module and I am trying to get the link directly or an order in the admin e.g. load up the order details page like adminXXXXXX/index.php/sell/orders/ORDERNUMBER.
I can get get a link to generate but it always sends me to the orders overview page (the list of orders) not directly into an order.
At the moment I am using:
$link = Context::getContext()->link;
$link = $link->getAdminLink('AdminOrders', true, [], ['id_customer' => 3473|intval, 'viewcustomer' => 1]);
$this->context->smarty->assign( "link", $link );

this generates:
/adminXXXXX/index.php/sell/orders/?id_customer=3473&viewcustomer=1&_token=XXXXXXXXXX

which just loads the view all orders page.
Can anyone shed any light how I link directly to the order details page?

A: worked it out. For anyone else it's:
$link->getAdminLink('AdminOrders', true, [], ['orderId' => ORDERNUMBER, 'vieworder' => 1]);


text:
President Lincoln's Funeral Procession on Broadway, New York City, April 25, 1865, artist's impression, more detail.
Joseph Williams, Archives and Special Collections, Dickinson College
Cropped, sized, and prepared for use here by John Osborne, Dickinson College, October 3, 2013.
President Lincoln's remains depart New York City after a massive procession across the city
Secretary Edwin Stanton intervenes to ensure African-American participation in New York's funeral procession
Funeral honors to President Lincoln - The catafalque passing up Broadway, New York, April 25, 1865, in the presence of nearly a million spectators. - From a number of sketches taken at different points by our Special Artists.
Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, May 13, 1865, 120-121.
Cropped from larger image, also available here.
How to Cite This Page: "President Lincoln's Funeral Procession on Broadway, New York City, April 25, 1865, artist's impression, more detail.," House Divided: The Civil War Research Engine at Dickinson College, http://hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu/node/41196.


text:
Paul A. Schroeder Rodríguez publishes book on Latin American cinema
Paul A. Schroeder Rodríguez, chair of the Department of World Languages and Cultures, has published his second book, "Latin American Cinema: A Comparative History."
The book, a 10-year labor of love, traces Latin America's national cinemas through every major cinematic period in the region, from the silent period through the digital age.
"Latin American cinema is as diverse as the region itself," said Schroeder Rodríguez, who was born in Puerto Rico and moved to the mainland at age 17 to attend Georgetown University.
Schroeder Rodríguez said he felt compelled to write the book after teaching Latin American cinema classes without the use of a comprehensive text. Now, that problem has been solved.
"It feels amazing to publish this book," said Schroeder Rodríguez, who as taught at Northeastern for eight years. "My colleagues in the field have told me, 'It's about time someone wrote this book.'"
The cover of the book features a still from one of Schroeder Rodríguez's favorite films, "Lucía," a 1968 movie by Cuban filmmaker Humberto Solás. The film is set in three different historical periods that all feature a woman named Lucía as the protagonist.
Schroeder Rodríguez will begin promotions for the book with a brown bag and book party at 4:15 p.m. April 21 in the Pedroso Center on the Main Campus. The event will be moderated by Associate Professor Francisco X. Gaytán. The event is free and open to the public.
Schroeder Rodríguez published his first book, "Tomás Gutiérrez Alea: The Dialectics of a Filmmaker," in 2002.


There can sometimes be confusion over whether to use Cat5e or Cat 6 cable.
A lot of this confusion arises from a belief that Cat6 will give an 'all gigabit' network, which is not in fact the case. Unless every single component in the network is gigabit rated then a true gigabit network will not be achiever, as it will only run at the speed of the slowest device.
Cat5e cable of good quality can run at or near gigabit speeds, but it cannot be 'certified' for this use.
Cat6 is designed especially for gigabit use, and is certified to operate at that speed. So the decision is whether you wish to pay the additional cost for cabling that may provide little or no improvement in the performance of your network.
In most cases it makes more sense to opt for Cat5e as it is more economical and performs well.
Many IT professionals, when asked why they specified Cat6 for a particular job, often responded saying they 'wanted the best they could get'. If you find your IT adviser is specifying Cat6 cable for your network, be sure to understand the reasoning for this, and whether it will deliver any appreciable benefit.


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Chandler 1.0 Brings Alternative Information Manager Closer to Reality
Filed to: Featured DownloadFiled to: Featured Download
Featured Download
We first took a look at Chandler, the open-source, cross-platform personal information manager back in December, when it was still in somewhat rough shape. Now the email-centric task manager and organizer has hit its official 1.0 release, and it's looking a lot better, if still not intuitive when your first open it. The app can connect to, synchronize, and manage a lot of different data types—email, calendars, notes, and appointments—and puts it all in a very GTD-like list in the "Dashboard." Chandler said it had synced up to my Gmail account through IMAP, but I'm still waiting to see the folders it's supposed to create in there. There are lots and lots of menus and sub-menus to dig through, so for the time being, we'll just say it's worth checking out and exploring. Chandler is a free download for Windows, Mac (PPC and Intel), and Linux systems.
Previewing Chandler, the PIM for the People
Windows, Mac and Linux: A preview release of the highly-anticipated, cross-platform, open source…
Chandler Project [via ComputerWorld UK]


Umm Qais is a town in northern Jordan near the site of the ancient town of Gadara. It is situated in the extreme north-west of the country, where the borders of Jordan, Israel and Syria meet, perched on a hilltop (378 metres above sea level), overlooking the sea of Tiberias, the Golan heights and the Yarmuk gorge. Umm Qais is in Jordan's Irbid Governorate and belongs to the Bani Kinanah Department.
The modern name, Umm Qais, is Arabic for "Mother of Qais".


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Make-up, 'madness', music at Jazz in the Gardens
Published:Friday | March 4, 2011 | 12:00 AM
The Silver Birds in performance. - Contributed
Michael Reckord, Gleaner Writer
Now in its 11th year, Jazz in the Gardens, The Jamaica Pegasus hotel and Capital and Credit Financial Group presentation, continues to offer regular, good-quality jazz concerts to aficionados of that musical form.
Sunday night's concert, subtitled 'Sounds from the Coast', featured some experienced favourites as well as a few newcomers - to the venue, not to entertaining, that is.
There were a number of curious events during the evening, one being super-suave MC Michael Anthony Cuffe's role in smoothing over a family squabble.
The story told to the audience was that the male half of a Bahamian couple which had come to Jamaica specially for the concert wanted to publicly apologise to his wife for something he had done on arrival in the island, something he claimed she misinterpreted. Cuffe called both parties to the microphone at the foot of the stage and the wife first addressed the audience about the importance of husbands telling their wives how much they are loved and vice-versa. Next, the husband uttered the three words wives most delight in hearing: "I humbly apologise."
After a quick embrace, the couple, which had apparently been apart earlier in the show, went back to their seats together.
There was still another odd bit of drama - odd for a jazz concert, that is. A performer, Nana Moses, who is also a writer, producer and minister of religion, came on dressed like a street person, in ragged clothes and carrying plastic bags and bottles.
In a rather forceful manner, he launched into a stand-up comedy routine about some people being not mad but compelled by circumstances to live on the streets. He left the stage briefly and returned in a grey suit to perform two poems - Woman and, in tribute to Black History Month, Young, Strong Black Woman. Both were more declamatory than poetic; still, they found favour with the easy-to-please audience.
The opening act JaSoul - four young men in black and white - backed by the band Scrimmage, started off with a Stevie Wonder song, Sir Duke. Interrupted for about 10 minutes by 'a power surge,' they returned with Write Your Name Across My Heart, a song in which the harmonising worked well, and then Beenie Man's Nuff Gal, which did not work, despite the harmonising.
The "illustrious" (Cuffe's description) Dennis Rushton and Friends was the second act. The nattily dressed Rushton (keyboards) led his band (Paul Madden on bass, Courick Clarke on keyboards, and James Valentine on drums) in a couple of contrasting opening pieces. One was the lively jazz standard Take Five and the other the quieter, melody-filled title song from The Sound of Music.
Flexible voice
The group backed the next singer, Nina Karle who, though she has been performing for some 15 years, was new to the Pegasus concert series. Karle showed off her flexible voice with Body and Soul, Cry Me a River and I Put A Spell On You.
Claudette Miller started off with On a Wonderful Day Like Today, giving the song the tremendous energy she was to display for the remainder of her 45-minute set. This was, in fact, a revue, complete with about four dancers and two male back-up singers. The harmony pauir, Karyl Wisdom and Lance Rhoden, also performed a couple of songs as a duo. They were Kissed From a Rose and This Time Could Mean Goodbye. With Miller and the dancers in sync with them, they sang Hey Big Spender, Kiss Me Honey, Honey, and The Time of Your Life, among other songs.
In the highly entertaining revue, Miller was also joined by friend and singer 'Connie', who assisted with singing Neither one of Us (Wants To Be the First to Say Goodbye) and Nina Simone's My Baby Just Cares For Me.
The closing act featured steel panist Dean Barnett and his youthful group, Silver Birds Steel Orchestra. The energetic seven-piece ensemble managed to dance while playing their numerous steel drums. Though still not really sophisticated, they showed much promise.
The next concert in the Jazz in the Garden series will be on May 1.
A 'flairy' vibe at Reggae Sumfest All-White - R&B star Ne-Yo jets in to get inspiration for latest album
Jamaica – the hottest entertainment destination in the Caribbean this summer
Milan 2019 a taste of Bollywood
Squash wants to make more positive music
Jonathan Nelson brings joyful noise to MoBay
Campion College's Ultima first class
Reggae Sumfest Street Dance loud - Foota Hype 'shell it'
BUJU'S 45TH ... Gargamel celebrates birthday with intimate, star-studded party
Stacy Letrice meditating on dance for stage
Final season backlash upsets 'Game of Thrones' cast


Everett, Wash. – Fluke Corp. introduces the Fluke Connect® system of software and wireless test tools. Fluke Connect tools allow technicians to wirelessly transmit measurement data from their test tools to their smartphones for secure storage on the Fluke Connect® Cloud and team access from the field.* With the Fluke Connect smartphone app, the data from the power loggers can be viewed from a safe distance, reducing the need for protective equipment, site visits, and check-ins.


Beaded pillar candle holders make a great gift for someone who loves candles or is always looking for that one-of-a-kind unique home decor item.
The candle holder itself is made of heavy black metal to provide a solid base that will not easily fall over. The base of the holder is 3 1/2" x 3 1/2" square and includes thin black felt to help protect furniture. The top portion that holds the candle is about 3 1/2" in diameter and holds either a short pillar candle, small round candle, or glass votive holder perfectly. The tall candle holders measures approximately 4 5/8" tall and the shorter candle holders are approximately 3 1/2" tall.


dxtrans.dll is loaded as dynamic link library that runs in the context of Internet Explorer. It is marked as a Safe for Scripting ActiveX control for IE which allows it to execute scripts within the web browser. .


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Q: jquery ui dialog appears bottom of page quite random behavior, I'm calling on a modal dialog to show a partial inside.
I'm working with simple_form + bootstrap and jquery-ui.
the button that calls the function has this code in the view:

<%= link_to 'New Boots', new_boot_path, :class => 'btn btn-primary pull-right', :remote => true, :id => 'new_boot_link' %>

in my views/boots/new the code is this:

<%= render :partial => 'form' %>

and in views/boots/_form the following
<%= simple_form_for(@boot, :html => { :class => 'form-vertical' }, :remote => true) do |f| %>
<fieldset>
    <%= f.input :number %>
    <%= f.input :size, :collection => boot_size_options %>
    <%= f.input :condition, :collection => boot_condition_options %>
    <%= f.input :brand , :collection => boot_brand_options %>
</fieldset>

    <%= f.button :submit, :class => 'btn btn-primary' %>
    <%= submit_tag 'Reset', :type => :reset, :class => "btn btn-danger" %>

<% end %>

In application.js i have the following:
$(document).ready(function() {

        $('#new_boot_link').click(function(e) {
        var url = $(this).attr('href');
        $('#modal').dialog({
                title: "New Boots",
                draggable: true,
                resizable: false,
                modal: true,
                width:'auto',
                open: function() {
                        return $(this).load(url + ' #content');}
        });
        });
    });

So the modal works as it should, but it appears at the bottom of the screen, however if i close it and click on the button again, it shows right in the middle as it should have done in the first place.
Is it css? I think maybe not, as otherwise it would continue showing up constantly in the same place... so i dont know if is the way I'm calling the function?
Suggestions are welcome, this is quite an annoying glitch!

A: Sorry about previous mistakes.
Unfortunately I can't reproduce your problem in person. I suspect that this would help because it will convert the DIV and on call fill and display.
$(document).ready(function(){
var modal=$('#modal');
$('#new_boot_link').click(function(e) {
  var url = $(this).attr('href');
  modal.load(url + ' #content',function(){
    modal.dialog("open");
  });
});
modal.dialog({ autoOpen: false, title: "New Boots", draggable: true,
resizable: false, modal: true, width:'auto'});
});

A: Include: jQuery Center
Change to:
$(document).ready(function() {

    $('#new_boot_link').click(function(e) {
    var url = $(this).attr('href');
    $('#modal').dialog({
            title: "New Boots",
            draggable: true,
            resizable: false,
            modal: true,
            width:'auto',
            open: function() {
                    return $(this).load(url + ' #content');}
            });
    }).center(false);
});

This set your dialog on middle-center of page.
If you have specific place you want show dialog force:
..}).css({position:"relative"}).css("left",null).css("top",null);
// Last too remove value of left and top. Trick with {left:null,top:null} does not work!


Toc Toc is a 2017 Spanish comedy film directed by Vicente Villanueva. The movie follows the adventures and misadventures of a group of patients with OCD dated at the same time.
A group of patients with OCD wait for their flight-delayed doctor to arrive for their appointments, forcing them to endure each other's oddball quirks.
Plot: The adventures and misadventures of a group of patients with OCD appointed at the same time.


Ph.D. in Range Science from Texas A&M University (1991), M.Sc. in Biology from Montana State University (1984), B.Sc. in Biology from the University of Iceland (1981).
Asa L. Aradottir is a Professor at the Agricultural University of Iceland, where she teaches courses in Restoration Ecology and related subjects. She headed the research division of the Icelandic Soil Conservation Service 1998-2006 and was a senior research scientist at the Iceland Forest Research Station 1990-1998. Ása holds a Ph.D. in Range Science from Texas A&M University (1991), an M.Sc. in Biology from Montana State University (1984) and a B.Sc. in Biology from the University of Iceland (1981). Her research interests include restoration of severely degraded land, woodland restoration, restoration to mitigate the effects on infrastructural interventions, effects of restoration interventions on ecological succession and ecosystem services (including carbon sequestration), and evaluation of restoration. Ása has participated in a number of national and international research projects and networks and is currently on the Board of Directors for the European chapter of the Society for Ecological Restoration.
Bjarni D. Sigurdsson is a forest ecologist by training. Bjarni has worked with land-use related physical and ecological research since 1993. He was appointed as a Professor of Forest Science at AUI in 2005 and is a co-coordinator for the Forest Science, Restoration Ecology and Management B.Sc. and M.Sc. Program (FS-REM). In total Bjarni D. Sigurdsson (2014) has 55 publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals books and book chapters – 13 other scientific publications in English/Swedish - 111 scientific publications in Icelandic, books, theses, proceedings and reports. ISI-Citations (2015): 947. Most cited paper (2015): 293. H-index: 13. Supervision history (graduated): 1 Ph.D. student and 14 M.Sc. students; Ongoing: 2 Ph.D. students and 3 M.Sc. students.
Carbon, water and nutrient cycles of both managed and natural ecosystems; especially forest ecosystems in the subarctic or North Boreal zone. Effects of climate change on ecosystem processes and ecosystem structure in northern regions. Environmental constraints on ecosystem processes and structure during primary succession.
Brita Berglund has worked as a specialist at the Agricultural University of Iceland (AUI) since 2005, mainly in connection with soil and environmental research but in later years also in the field of environmental communication. Her work involves both research activities and lecturing at the AUI and the UNU-LRT. She has also coordinated and taught a course in natural resource conflicts for the Scandinavian-Baltic university network NordNatur. Brita works closely with the UNU-LRT staff and has also been a temporary staff member on occasion when regular staff members have been on leave. Her research interests are presently in the field of environmental communication and she has published works on participatory approaches and conflict management in collaboration with scientists from Iceland and Sweden.
Isabel C Barrio started working for the UNU-LRT programme in 2017 as a Project Manager. Isabel is also a Research Associate at the Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences at the University of Iceland (UI) since 2015. Her research interests relate to plant-herbivore interactions in tundra ecosystems, and her research in Iceland focuses on the impacts of sheep grazing on common highland ranges. Isabel obtained her PhD on management of native rabbit populations in agricultural landscapes of Southern Spain in 2010, and worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Alberta (Canada) between 2011-2014. She has taught courses on ecology, conservation biology and grazing management at the graduate and undergraduate level, and is actively involved in supervising students. Within the UNU-LRT programme, Isabel supervises and coordinates the fellows' individual research projects and helps with administration and organization.
Jon Gudmundsson is a biologist by training and Assistant Professor at the Department of Environmental Sciences at the Agricultural University. His main research focuses on the connection of land use and greenhouse gas emission.
Olafur Arnalds has a Ph.D. in Soil Science from Texas A&M University. He has been a professor at the Agricultural University of Iceland since 2005 (Dean until 2012). He has participated in numerous international research and policy programmes related to soil and environmental sciences (e.g. EU COST, and Nordic networks). He served three years on the board of the Icelandic Research Fund. Olafur has emphasized outreach programmes and the development of educational materials in addition to scientific publications. See www.moldin.net for CV and publications.
His research focus has been on the soils of volcanic areas, genesis and properties of Icelandic soils, ecological restoration and carbon sequestration. He has written/co-written and edited/co-edited several international scientific books on soils, soil conservation, and rangeland sciences in addition to numerous peer-reviewed scientific papers. He is also the author of the Icelandic soil map and The Soils of Iceland. His program on "Soil Erosion in Iceland" earned the Nordic Nature and Environmental Award in 1998. He has devoted efforts on aeolian processes in Icelandic desert areas and has quantified/mapped dust production from Icelandic dust sources.
Sigridur Kristjansdottir holds a Ph.D. in Environmental Sciences from the University of Birmingham, UK, specialising in urban morphology. She is a Director of the master's programme in planning at the Agricultural University of Iceland where she has been an Assistant Professor since 2004. During her studies she received a Fulbright grant and Valle Scholarship as an outstanding master´s student. Sigridur is an active contributor to international research projects, particularly collaboration between the Nordic countries.
Her research has focused on the formation and development of urban areas as a part of a wider territory, including the urban fringe, and the interaction between the business cycle, planning, housing, regulations and the urban landscape. She has written several articles on topics relating to planning. She was Supervisor at the UNU-LRT for Sdogerel Purevee (Sustainability Assessment of Urban Land-Use Systems: Evaluating impact indicators of Darkhan) and Gerlee Puntsag (Land suitability analysis for urban and agricultural land using GIS: Case study in Hvita to Hvita, Iceland).
Currently she is editing a book on sustainable planning policy and practice in the Nordic countries which will be published by Ashgate in 2016.
Ulfur Oskarsson has a M.S. in Forest Science from the University of New Brunswick in Canada and a B.S. in Biology from the University of Iceland. He has worked on various research and development projects in afforestation, ecosystem rehabilitation and horticulture, and for a number of years he also directed an organic tree nursery. He has been a lector at AUI since 2005 with main emphasis on Ecology, Forestry, Soils and Ecosystem Rehabilitation and has headed the Department of Forestry for vocational studies. He is currently a NordGen Forest Regeneration council member. Ulfur is also working as an auditor in organic production and sustainable fisheries certification.
Ulfur is specialized in plant-soil biota interactions, with particular emphasis on mycorrhizae and plant establishment for afforestation and ecosystem rehabilitation. His research projects involve the utilization of ectomycorrhizal fungi for the establishment of birch seedlings, the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for the establishment of lyme grass seedlings and a survey of the natural distribution of mycorrhizae in eroded areas in Iceland. Other recent projects include ways to establish berry production in northern regions for local markets.
Magnus works as a research specialist in plant breeding at the Agricultural University of Iceland where he primarily works with projects related to the barley breeding program. He has previously worked at the Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen) which is the regional gene bank for the Nordic countries located in Sweden. Currently, he is also enrolled as PhD candidate at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences and AUI. The focus in his PhD is on mechanisms behind the ability of Icelandic barley to mature in low temperature, with the aim to expand cereal cultivation northwards.
Conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources, plant breeding for marginal areas, novel crops.
Andres Arnalds is Assistant Director of the Icelandic Soil Conservation Service. He has had a leading role in the development of strategies for conservation of soil and vegetation in Iceland, with a special emphasis on work at the grass roots level and sustainable land use. He initiated the successful land-care program Farmers Heal the Land. Andres has a professional interest in fostering community engagement, linking knowledge, policy and action, land literacy and planning ability at the farm level. Andres is also involved in devlopment of strategies for minimizing the impact of tourism on the Icelandic nature.
Arna Björk is a Geographer at the Soil Conservation Service of Iceland, since 1998. She is involved with GIS, remote sensing, image processing, mapping and cartography.
Árni Bragason is the Director of the Soil Conservation Service of Iceland and has been a Chair of the UNU-LRT Board since 2016. Árni has worked as the Director of the Nordic Genetic Resource Centre (NordGen) from 2010 - 2016, an expert at EFLA Consulting Engineers from 2010 - 2016 and the Director of the department of Nature Conservation at the Environmental Agency of Iceland from 2003 - 2007. Árni holds a Ph.D. in Plant Genetics from the Agricultural University in Copenhagen with genetics and physiology as minors and a B.Sc. from the University of Iceland.
Elin Fjola holds a B.Sc. in Geography from the University of Iceland (1993) and an M.S. in Environmental Sciences from the Agricultural University of Iceland (2010). She has worked as a geographer with the Soil Conservation Service of Iceland since 1993. Elin Fjola has been involved in soil erosion mapping and wind erosion research.
Gudrun Schmidt has worked at the Soil Conservation Service of Iceland since 1999, first as a specialist in sustainable land use and since 2002 as a regional representative at the district office in east Iceland. There she supervises and implements revegetation projects, as well as strengthens affiliations with land users, community and the the local pupulation through cooperation, education and consultation. Gudrun Schmidt holds a B.Sc. in agricultural sciences from the Hvanneyri Agricultural College of Iceland, 1999.
Since October 2013 Gudrun Schmidt has been studying for a Master's in "Education for sustainable development" at the University of Rostock in Germany. She is now working on her thesis which entails developing a project on soil conservation and sustainability for primary schools in Iceland which will fit with the ideology of education for sustainable development.
The professional interests of Gudrun Schmidt lie especially in the field of motivation and communication with the locals and finding educational ways to make people feel responsible for nature and gaining action competence.
Gustav Magnus Asbjörnsson is trained in land management and agricultural science. He joined the UNU-LRT programme in 2014 where he has been teaching different methods of measuring vegetation cover, restoration success and estimating land condition. He also has introduced how SCSI collects, keeps and uses data on different restoration projects.
Gustav is District Officer in South Iceland. This involves working on programmes such as Farmers Heal the Land and the Land Improvement Fund. These programmes are based on a participatory approach and assist farmers and other landowners to restore degraded land and halt erosion. Gústav manages many restoration projects that are carried out by the SCSI in the South of Iceland. He also manages the land use part of a project called Quality Control in Sheep Farming.
Johann Thorsson is a senior research scientist and project manager at the Soil Conservation Service of Iceland, department of Research & Development. He worked at the Agricultural Research Institute in Iceland in 1990-1999, focusing on livestock grazing and feeding as well as land use issues. Johann holds a Ph.D. in Rangeland Ecology from Texas A&M University (2008) and B.Sc. in Biology from the University of Iceland (1990).
Johann Thorsson´s research interests include land degradation processes, land use issues, land management and land condition monitoring. Johann has participated in several national and international research projects ranging from transfer of radionuclides within ecosystems to participatory approaches in land reclamation.
Kristin Svavarsdottir is a plant ecologist holding a Ph.D. in plant ecology from Lincoln University in New Zealand, B.Sc. in biology from the University of Iceland, and BEd in teaching from the Teaching College of Iceland. She has been employed as a plant ecologist by the Soil Conservation Service of Iceland since 1999, and is based in Reykjavík. Kristin has taught in a compulsory school and universities, and supervised students in research projects at B.Sc., MS.c., and Ph.D. levels.
Kristin´s interests are in the field of plant and restoration ecology, and invasion biology. Her primary research expertise is on ecological processes, particularly in primary succession, and their links to ecological restoration.
Thorunn Petursdottir is a restoration ecologist, emphasising the use of transdisciplinary approaches in natural resource management. She is leading the development of the Centre for Ecosystem Restoration and Resilience-based Management, run by the Soil Conservation Service of Iceland. Her research focuses on analysing the social-ecological reasons for ecosystem degradation, the design of large-scale restoration projects/programmes, monitoring and evaluating their long-term impacts and how to embed ecosystem restoration into resilience-based management of natural resources. Ms. Petursdottir is a former member of the Board of Directors of the Society of Ecological Restoration Int and currently involved in a couple of national and European research and network programmes.
Bryndís Marteinsdóttir´s research interests are in the field of plant ecology, land condition monitoring and land management.
Magnus has worked at the Soil Conservation Service of Iceland on and off since 2001. From 2007 until 2009 he worked in research gathering samples in the field. As of 2012 Magnus has worked as a district officer mainly in South Iceland. Magnus is involved in programmes such as Farmers Heal the Land and the Land Improvement Fund, which are programmes that are based on a participatory approach and assisting farmers and other landowners to restore degraded land. Magnus manages the Farmers Heal the Land program. In addition, Magnus manages many restoration projects that are carried out by the SCSI in Southern part of Iceland.
Karl Benediktsson is a human geographer and professor in the Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland. His research interests include rural and regional development, political ecology, and human-nonhuman relations. Besides Iceland, he has undertaken research in Papua New Guinea, Malawi and Ghana. Karl has published extensively on his topics of interest, including the book Harvesting Development (2002). He has supervised several final projects of UNU-LRT fellows.
Ph.D. in Human Geography, Lund University, Sweden, 2000. B.S. degree in Geography, with a minor in Political Science, in 1992.
Ph.D. post, Lund University, Sweden. From 1996-2000. Title of Ph.D. project: Women heading households in Zimbabwe: Mobility, livelihood and contested spaces.
Ph.D. research and courses, teaching and administration at the Dept. of Human Geography.
Gender, ethnicity and mobility in a globalized world, with focus on southern Africa, Iceland and Northern Europe. North-South relations, geopolitics and development.
Gendered access to resources, including land in Africa and grants to regional development in Iceland. Regional development policy.
Júlíusdóttir, M., Skaptadóttir, U.D. & Karlsdóttir, A. (2013). Gendered migration in turbulent times in Iceland. Norwegian Journal of Geography, 67(5), 266-275.
Magnfríður Júlíusdóttir (2010). People, place and culture in regional policy. In: S.B. Ómarsdóttir (Ed.), Rannsóknir í Félagsvísindum XI, Stjórnmálafræðideild, pp. 67-77. Reykjavík: Félagsvísindastofnun Háskóla Íslands.
Magnfríður Júlíusdóttir & Yvonne Gunnarsdottir (2009). Gendered places: Cultural economy and gender in processes of place reinvention. In: T. Nyseth & A. Viken (eds.), Place Reinvention: Northern Perspectives, pp. 73-91. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Magnfríður Júlíusdóttir, Anna Karlsdóttir, Karl Benediktsson, Inga E. Vésteinsdóttir & Sigfús Steingrímsson (2009). Litróf búskapar og byggðar. Fjölþættur landbúnaður á Íslandi [Diversity of agriculture and settlements: Multifunctional agriculture in Iceland]. Reykjavík: Land- og ferðamálafræðistofa Háskóla Íslands.
Sjöfn Vilhelmsdottir is the Director of the Institute of Public Administration and Politics of the University of Iceland and a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Political Science at the same university. She holds an M.A. degree in International Studies from the University of Denver and a B.A. in Political Science from the University of Iceland. Sjöfn has over 10 years of professional experience in the field of international development, working both in Africa and in Iceland for a government agency and a non-governmental organisation (1996-2007). She was the Project Manager for the establishment of the International Gender Equality Studies and Training Programme at the University of Iceland in 2009 (the programme became part of the United Nations University in 2013). Sjöfn's Ph.D. research is on political trust and she has also been involved in research projects on democracy, public administration and social capital.
Thamar works as an associate professor at the Faculty of Sociology, Anthropology and Folkloristics at the University of Iceland. She lectures on statistics, surveys, qualitative research methods, globalization, society and technology and the labour market.
Steinþórsdóttir, F.S., Guðmundsdóttir, K.A., Heijstra, T.M. and Friðjónsdóttir, H. (2018). Gender budgeting in Iceland. Chapter 9 in O'Hagan, A. and Klatzer, E. (eds.) Gender budgeting in Europe: Developments and Challenges, 179-198. Hampshire UK: Palgrave MacMillan Publishers.
Steinþórsdóttir, F., Einarsdóttir, Þ., Heijstra, T., Pétursdóttir, G., and Brorsen-Smidt, T. (2018). Follow the money. Gender budgeting to expose inequalities in a precarious academia - and redistribute resources to effect change. Chapter 3 in Murgia, A. and Poggio, B. (eds.) Gender and Precarious Research Careers. A Comparative Analysis, 83-110. Oxon, UK: Taylor & Francis.
Heijstra, T.M. and Sigurðardóttir, M.S. (2018). The flipped classroom does viewing the recordings matter? Active Learning in Higher Education, 19(3), 211-223.
Einarsdóttir, Þ., Heijstra, T.M., and Rafnsdóttir, G.L. (2018). The politics of diversity: Social and political integration of immigrants in Iceland. Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration, 14(1), 131-148.
Gender, inequality, labour markets, work cultures, work conditions, unpaid work, work-life balance, well-being, academia, gender budgeting, flip-teaching.
A population and a conservation ecologist specializing in the effects of land-use and large-scale natural variation on biodiversity, particularly on bird populations. Director of the South Iceland Research Center of the University of Iceland since 2009.
Gudrun Nina Petersen is an atmospheric research scientist at the Icelandic Meteorological Office. She also teaches meteorology at the University of Iceland and the Agricultural University of Iceland. She holds a Cand. Mag. in geophysics (1997), a Cand. Sci. (1999) and Ph.D. (2004) in meteorology from the University of Oslo, Norway. She then worked as a research fellow at the Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, UK (2004-2006) and as a post doc. at the School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, UK (2006-2008). She's been involved in national and international projects, e.g. the Greenland flow distortion experiment, Icewind and Ísindar. She represents Iceland in the Atmospheric Working Group of the International Arctic Science Committee and chairs the Icelandic Meteorological Society and the Award committee of the European Meteorological Committee.
co-author of several books on glaciology, geology, entomology and history as well as being author and co-author of many articles in scientific and popular magazines and periodicals. Oddur has one of the largest photo collections in Iceland on nature. He is active in collaboration with scientists at the United States Geological Survey and World Glacier Monitoring Service in Switzerland.
Documenting changes of glaciers, both ongoing and historical. History of climate and volcanic eruptions contained in glaciers in Iceland.
Bjorn Helgi Barkarson is an Environmental Scientist. He holds a position as Head of Division at the Department of Land and Natural Heritage in the Ministry for the Environment and Natural Resources. He is responsible for issues in the field of sustainable land management, including forestry, soil conservation and ecosystem restoration. He worked for the Soil Conservation Service in different positions in 1995-2007 and as a consultant for the firm VSO Consulting in 2007-2013, mainly in the field of Environmental Impact Assessment, Strategic Environmental Assessment and diverse environmental consultation. He is a member of a Working Group on Environment and Economics within the Nordic cooperation and serves as a National Focal Point for the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification.
Edda has been working as a Research Director at the Icelandic Forest Research since 2016. Prior to that, Edda was working as a Senior Research Scientist at the Icelandic Forest Research from 2004 - 2016.
Soil biology, forest health and forest ecosystems.
Guðmundur Ingi Guðbrandsson became the Minister of the Environment in December 2017. Before that, he was the CEO of the environmental NGO Landvernd, since 2011.
Guðmundur Ingi (Mummi) holds a B.Sc. degree in Biology from University of Iceland and M.Sc in Environmental Management from Yale University. He used to work for the University of Iceland carrying out research in Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and he also worked for the Soil Conservation Service of Iceland in the fields of global studies and research. Since 2006, Mummi has been a visiting lecturer at the University of Iceland, as well as the Agricultural University of Iceland (since 2009) and the University Centre of the Westfjords (since 2011). Mummi has also worked as a Park Ranger every summer since 2009.
Mummi was one of the founders of the Icelandic Society for Environmental Scientists. He was the association's first president, in 2007-2010.
Her research interests are in the fields of restoration ecology and plant succession, especially the facilitation of establishment of native plants in degraded areas. She has also worked at projects on the effects of wildfires on plant communities and vegetation succession following fires. She has long experience working with data and data analysis in research projects. She has been teaching Basic Practical Statistics, Statistics II, Plant Ecology and Basic Ecology at AUI for some years and Practical Statistics for UNU-LRT since 2009.
Jon Geir Petursson is the Director General of the Department for Land and Natural Heritage at the Ministry for the Environment and Natural Resources in Iceland. He has been on the UNU-LRT Studies Committee since the beginning of the program in addition to teaching and supervision. His professional interest is within the broad field of environmental governance at multiple levels; collective action and natural resource management; institutional and policy analyses; poverty, local livelihoods; and resources access. Jon Geir has extensive field experience from Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania, where he has been actively involved in research on many aspects of sustainable land management, conservation, governance and local livelihoods.
Ph.D. in Environment and Natural Resources from the University of Iceland, M.A. in Environment and Natural Resources from the University of Iceland, BFA in Creative Writing (poetry, short stories and editing), BA in English Literature from the University of Victoria, B.C., Canada, Licensed Practical/Enrolled Nurse from Fjölbrautaskólinn í Breiðholti, Iceland.
Dr. Sigrún María Kristinsdóttir currently works as a specialist at EFLA consulting and engineering company. There, she conducts social research and environmental and social impact assessments. Prior to her Ph.D. studies, she worked as a professional journalist and an editor for nearly two decades, both in Iceland and in Canada's north.
Dr. Kristinsdottir's research interests include social justice and sustainability, environmental impact assessments, social impact assessments, sustainable communities, public participation, public participatory democracy, social licence to operate, World Cafés, and other methods of involving the public in governmental and company plans and decisions.
Ásthildur Jónsdóttir, Iceland (b. 1970) has PhD from University of Iceland and Doctor of Arts from University of Lapland. MA from NYU and M.Ed from University of Iceland. She is an artist, researcher, curator and art teacher living in Geneva, Switzerland. She has worked as a university lecturer at the Iceland Academy of the Arts, since 2009. (Assistant professor until 2017). She has studied artistic actions for sustainability, community-based art, place based learning through art and participatory art practices when finding a balance between well-being and the integrity of nature. Concepts from critical, place-based education for sustainability, participatory pedagogy, collective efficacy and places /spaces are fundamental to her research interests.
Ellen Gunnarsdottir received her PhD in history from Cambridge University in 1998. She is the author of Mexican Karismata: The Baroque Life of Francisca de los Angeles, 1674-1744, as well as scholarly articles on Latin American history, and the co-author of Go Green, a children's book on sustainability published by Disney. Her short fiction has appeared in The Write Launch and Another Chicago Magazine and her creative fiction will appear in the spring issue of the Bellevue Literary Review where it received Honorable Mention. She lives and teaches in Reykjavik, Iceland.
Lilja got her Ph.D from the University of Iceland where she studied the links between agricultural management and wader populations in sub-arctic landscapes. After finishing her Ph.D in 2017 Lilja did a post-doc project at the University of Iceland, South Iceland Research Centre and is currently working at the South East Iceland Nature Research Center in Höfn.
Lilja is an ornithologist and the main focus of her studies has been on birds and their habitat use, with emphasis on understanding mechanisms likely to impact bird populations.


text:
Q: Check if directory exists, make directory I'm having a little trouble with this. Thought it'd be easier, but turning out to frustrate. All I'm trying to do is have a text field where I can type the name of a new directory, check if that directory exists, and if not create it. I have found about 50 other people with almost the exact same code, so thought I had it correct but I keep getting Directory exists as per the "if" statement.
Eventually I want to tie this into my file upload script.
Here is the insert.php
<form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" name="form1" id="form1">

    Directory:
    <input value="<?php if ($_POST && $errors) {
  echo htmlentities($_POST['directory'], ENT_COMPAT, 'UTF-8');
}?>" type="text" name="directory" id="directory" />

    <input type="submit" name="insert" id="insert" value="insert" />

</form>

And here is the post.php
try {
if (isset($_POST['insert'])) {
    $directory = $_POST['directory'];
    $photo_destination = 'image_upload/';
    $path = $photo_destination;
    $new_path = $path . $directory;
    $mode = 0755;
    if(!is_dir($new_path)) {
        echo "The Directory {$new_path} exists";
        } else {
            mkdir($new_path , 0777);
            echo "The Directory {$new_path} was created";
            }
        }
}

A: Change this :
if(!is_dir($new_path)) {
    echo "The Directory {$new_path} exists";
    }

to this :
if(is_dir($new_path)) {
    echo "The Directory {$new_path} exists";
    }

Try and tell me the result :)

A: Instead of using is_dir in the if block you can use file_exists. Because  file_exists is the function to check whether file exists or not. For the same you can also refer to http://php.net/manual/en/function.file-exists.php

A: Try
if( is_dir( $new_path ) ) {
    echo "The Directory {$new_path} exists";
}

A: Let someone wants to create a sub-folder,
with a year name under /uploads folderthen he/she want to create
another sub-folder under an /uploads/<year_name_folder>/,
named project_number.
$yearfolder = date('y');
if (!file_exists('uploads/'.$yearfolder)) {
        mkdir("uploads/".$yearfolder);
    }
*// Folder named by year has been created.*

$project_number = Any Unique field ,Come from database or anywhere !
$target_directory = mkdir("uploads/".$yearfolder."/".$project_number);

*// project number wise folder also created.
// If project number is not unique do check like year folder. I think every project number is unique.*

$target_dir = "uploads/$yearfolder/$project_number/";
*//my target dir has created where my document or pic whatever will be uploaded.*

Now Upload ! Woo
$target_file = $target_dir.($_FILES["file"]["name"]);


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text:
20 Best Historical Dramas on Netflix Right Now
Prerna Singh Shraman Mitra
History might not have been your favorite subject in school, but that doesn't mean you can't like historical movies. These films serve many purposes while being massively entertaining. For history nerds, they become a topic of profound discussions- pulling all the threads, pointing out mistakes, and debating the impact of the events. There is a lot of fodder there. For some people, who are more invested in the story than the hi-story(!) these are the fascinating tales of another time, of a society they don't live in, and a world they'll never get to see (unless the time machine is invented!). For another section, these could very well be the films in the fantasy genre. No matter which category you fall in, you can't deny the importance of historical movies. They are informative, they are entertaining, and most importantly, they are the warning signs, alerting us of what the world could be like if we, humans, make the same mistakes again. There's a reason they say "history repeats itself".
With every passing year, Netflix has been broadening its horizon regarding the genre of stories it tells. Historical movies, fact or fiction, aren't untouched by it. If you want a history lesson, without the boredom of the classroom, the following is the list of really good Historical movies on Netflix. The list also includes historical war movies, historical drama films, and historical fiction movies.
20. Operation Finale (2018)
Adolf Eichmann, a mastermind behind the massacre of Jews during the second world war, disappeared strangely after Germany fell. "Operation Finale' deals with the aftermath when a group of Israeli agents suddenly get information that Eichmann is hiding in Argentina. Determined to bring the war criminal to justice, the group travels to the foreign country and meticulously plans a kidnapping. However, they are suddenly faced with hidden Nazi sympathizers planning another Reich, threatening their seemingly simple mission.
19. The Forgotten Battle (2020)
Set during World War II's Battle of the Scheldt, 'The Forgotten Battle' ties together the lives of three unrelated individuals in the days leading up to the fight. The first of the three, Teuntje Visser, finds herself joining the Dutch resistance after the Nazis execute her brother in cold blood. A Nazi sympathizer, Marinus van Staveren, tries his best to save Teuntje's brother, but after his request is turned down, Marinus gets increasingly disillusioned and begins questioning his alliances. Around this time, Glider Pilot Regiment Sergeant Will Sinclair crash into German-occupied Zeeland and begins engaging the German troops leading up to the Battle of Walcheren Causeway. However, fate has much more in store for the three as their lives are interwoven, leaving their futures in the balance.
18. The Zookeeper's Wife (2017)
Set during the invasion of Poland, 'The Zookeeper's Wife' revolves around the true story of how Jan and Antonina Żabiński rescued and sheltered hundreds of Jews, saving them from German brutality. When Jan and his wife decide to turn the zoo into a rescue zone, they turn it into a pig farm to keep it hidden from persecution. Moreover, taking the help of local resistance, they begin smuggling jews out of the ghetto on trucks before giving them a safe haven. The movie is a wonderful commentary on the brutal persecution of Jews and shows how the couple stays strong even in the face of death to stand for what's right.
17. Manto (2018)
'Manto' is a biographical film on the Urdu author Saadat Hasan Manto, featuring Nawazuddin Siddiqui as Manto. The film paints the life and works of the author and how it is affected by his life experiences. A country torn into two, India and Pakistan, challenge his sanity and sense of self as he desires to belong somewhere. The film has two clear phases; Manto's life in Bombay as a thriving scriptwriter, surrounded by friends and well-wishers, and the second being in Lahore, where he finds himself getting isolated from everyone. His downward spiral makes him hit rock bottom as he checks himself into the Lahore Mental Hospital for his alcohol addiction.
16. The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society (2018)
Set against the backdrop of World War II and the German occupation of the Guernsey Island, Juliet Ashton (Lily James), a London-based writer, develops a relationship over time with a book club called 'The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society.' As the members of the book club share their experience of living on the Nazi-occupied island, Juliet decides to visit the island herself. She has an idea for her next book, as she decides to write about the German occupation; in the bargain, she makes friends for life. The whole experience makes Juliet realize that she cannot leave behind her life at Guernsey and return to London.
15. The Highwaymen (2019)
Revolving around the infamous criminal duo Bonnie and Clyde, 'The Highwaymen' follows former Texas Ranger Frank Hamer and Benjamin Maney Gault in their efforts to bring the duo to justice. When authorities get specific information about the pair's whereabouts, Frank and Benjamin are forced to come out of retirement and go on the hunt once again. Although their age initially slows them down, the thrill of being on the road and reminiscing old memories soon gets them on track as the movie takes the audience on a thrilling ride through an incredibly detailed and designed 1930s America.
14. A Twelve-Year Night (2018)
Originally titled 'La noche de 12 anos,' 'A Twelve-Year Night' is a drama from Uruguay. Based on historical events, the film follows the 12-year- solitary confinement that members of the left-wing urban guerrilla group (Tupamaros) were put through. The order by the military dictatorship was to "drive them mad" if they can't be killed. One of the nine hostages that are taken includes Pepe Mujica, who will go on to become the 40th President of Uruguay from 2010-2015. The crucially acclaimed film was selected as an entry for the 91st Academy Awards under the category of Best Foreign Language Film.
13. A Little Chaos (2014)
Starring and directed by Alan Rickman, this film follows the story of two people who are tasked with designing the famous Garden of Versailles. Kate Winslet played the role of Sabine De Barra, a commoner who is selected to assist with the designing of the gardens. She is picked by Andre Le Notre, who was a famous landscape artist. The film also takes into account the political struggle in the court and presents the lifestyle of the French aristocracy. However, its main focus lies on the relationship between the married Andre, whose wife has been cheating on him, and Sabine, who is haunted by something in her past. The film is not close to being historically accurate, neither does it bother to do so. However, the strong performances from the cast, especially the lead pair make it worth a watch.
12. Elisa & Marcela (2019)
Based on the first same-sex marriage in Spain, the movie revolves around Elisa Sánchez Loriga and Marcela Gracia Ibeas, who meet and start a wonderful friendship. Nevertheless, things turn dark once their friendship blossoms into romance, as same-sex relationships were banned entirely at that time. However, Elisa and Marcela refuse to give up and, even while carrying on with their death-defying romance, decide to break out of the box and tie the knot. The narrative then takes a thrilling yet suspenseful turn as in 1901. Elisa decides to adopt the identity of a boy in order to be one with her soulmate.
11. The Angel (2018)
Speaking of historical films always conjures up the image of the times that lie at least a hundred years prior to one's own era. To be honest, what happened a decade ago is history too, though the most recent one. But, let's not get into that debate. My point is that if I tell you to watch a film that is set in the early 70s, it is historical too, no matter how different it is from the rest of the films on this list. And this one, you must watch, because it acts as more of a spy-thriller. Based on the book of the same name by Uri Bar-Joseph, it focuses on the story of an Egyptian man who served as a spy for Israeli intelligence. Set in the aftermath of the Six Days War, it shows the Egyptian Prime Minister and his cabinet talking about how they can get back at Israel after their recent loss. Ashraf Marwan, the son-in-law of the Prime Minister, is let in on the discussion, however, he is harshly rebuked when he makes a substantial suggestion. This throws him towards the Israeli intelligence and the rest that happened was history!
10. Outlaw King (2018)
The name of Robert Bruce is held in high regard in Scottish history. He is known as one of the fiercest warriors and led the First War of Scottish Independence. 'Outlaw King' focuses on the events after the besieging of Stirling Castle where the Scottish nobles surrendered to the King of England. Acting in subordination to the King continued for some time, but not long after, Robert Bruce led a rebellion against the British, motivated by sensing the unrest among the masses for the regime and the public display of William Wallace's mutilated body. Chris Pine played the role of the titular king, while Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Florence Pugh, Billy Howle, and Tony Curran appeared in other important roles. Like any other Hollywood film, you can expect some historical inaccuracies. But you will get the overall gist of all the events that led him to become a leader and, eventually, the King of Scots.
9. Mudbound (2017)
One of the best films of the year, 'Mudbound' is set in the post-Second World War era. Two soldiers return home from the War, but all that they were before is washed away by what they experience in the War. Jamie McAllan served as an army pilot, while Ronsel Jackson was in the infantry. Back home, Jamie's elder brother, Henry shares a loving marriage with Laura. Ronsel's family, on the other hand, works in the fields of the McAllans. On returning home, Jamie and Ronsel strike a friendship sharing their experiences of the War. However, the assimilation of blacks and whites wasn't a common thing yet, not where they lived, and both of them face trouble because of that. The film focuses on PTSD, which mainly haunts Jamie, and the racism that Ronsel has to bear witness to, something that he isn't used to after becoming a part of the army.
8. The Red Sea Diving Resort (2019)
A Netflix original film, 'The Red Sea Diving Resort' is based on how Mossad (Israeli intelligence department) managed to smuggle out Ethiopian Jews living in the country to Israel. Mossad agent Ari Levinson suggests to his seniors that they can buy a beach resort and use it as a cover to carry out their covert mission. They carry out their mission in Sudan, but it is not long before some secrets are spilled and the lives of the agents, as well as the people they are protecting, get shrouded in danger. The film had enough elements to make a compelling thriller, but writer-director Gideon Raff completely squanders away the opportunity by coming up with poorly-written characters and not giving the actors enough material to work with. The film's "white savior complex" has also been widely criticized.
7. Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: Sword of Destiny (2016)
While 'Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: Sword of Destiny' might not be a historical film in the truest sense of the term, it is definitely a brilliant historical fiction that deserves our attention. The film is a sequel to the 2000 film 'Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon', directed by Ang Lee. Michelle Yeoh reprises her role as warrior-maiden Shu Lien for this film. After being away for around eighteen years, she is now eager to find the magical sword known as Green Destiny, which once belonged to her lover Li Mu Bai. As a dangerous criminal called Hades Dai gets eager to claim the sword, Shu Lien is hell-bent on saving it. In her quest, she is joined by a young woman and a mysterious warrior called Silent Wolf. 'Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: Sword of Destiny' is a wuxia film that tells us a lot about the medieval Chinese culture of martial arts. While we get to see some brilliantly choreographed action sequences, we are also made privy to the philosophy of the era.
6. The King (2019)
This Netflix original film is based on a number of plays by Shakespeare and mainly chronicles the early life of English ruler King Henry "Hal" V. The film begins with Hal being completely disinterested in the affairs of the state and later when his brother Thomas passes away in a battle, he is suddenly made the King of England. Many people around him presume that he is weak, and his coronation is openly mocked by King Charles VI of France. When Hal comes to know that Charles VI has sent an assassin to kill him, he declares war and marches on towards France to show his enemies his true powers. The boy who was always against politics and violence now gets molded in the image he always despised. Timothée Chalamet has been able to establish himself as a major talent, and this film again reminds us of his ability to do justice to any role he has been given. The production design, costumes, and cinematography of this film also deserve our admiration.
Read More: Movies Like The Shining
5. Troy (2004)
2004's 'Troy' is one of the best historical films you can watch on Netflix. The movie depicts the entire saga of how Paris, the youngest son of King Priam, falls in love with Helen, the wife of Menelaus, (who is the king of Sparta), and secretly takes her away to Troy without even informing his elder brother Hector. The Greeks soon attack Troy with a huge army led by the greatest warrior of the time, Achilles. Though Achilles does not like his king Agamemnon, he knows this war can help cement his legacy as the greatest warrior of all time. Brad Pitt put in his heart and soul into the performance and gave us one of the most authentic versions of Achilles we have ever seen. The action sequences of the film are brilliantly shot and choreographed. One fight scene between Achilles and Hector (Eric Bana), has now gained a cult status among film fans all over the world.
Read More: Movies Like Titanic
4. Kardec (2019)
Based on the true story of Allan Kardec, 'Kardec' portrays Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail's humble beginnings as an educator in France. While studying Spinning tables, Rivail suddenly realizes that there can be a way to communicate with Spirits. Although society doesn't seem ready for such a revelation, the educator takes on the pseudonym of Allan Kardec and begins working on his books that now form the backbone of Spiritist studies. Delving especially into Rivail's discoveries and his struggles to get it across to the general public, the movie does make for an interesting watch.
3. Suffragette (2015)
The Suffragette movement is one of the most important events of England in the 20th century since this was the first time when women began fighting for their voting rights in the country. The central character of the film is a woman called Maud Watts (Carey Mulligan), who gets inspired by the female leader Emmeline Pankhurst (Meryl Streep) and joins the movement to fight against the oppressions of patriarchy. However, as it always happens, the women who speak of change are targeted by the police and the establishment. They suffer serious consequences even in their personal sphere, but they willingly risk everything to give their future generations a more just society than the one they were born in. The film is rather inspiring, and despite having some structural inadequacies, makes it all up using the powerful performances by its glittering star cast.
Read More: Movies Like Manchester by the Sea
2. Django Unchained (2012)
'Django Unchained' is written and directed by Quentin Tarantino and features Jamie Foxx, Kerry Washington, Leonardo DiCaprio, Samuel L. Jackson, and Christoph Waltz. Set in 1858, it follows Django (Foxx) as he is sought out by a bounty hunter, Dr. Schultz (Waltz) who needs him to find some men. After accomplishing that, Django wants to search for his wife, Broomhilda (Kerry Washington) who was sold separately from Django by their former owner for trying to escape. When they find out that Broomhilda is sold to a plantation in Mississippi, Schultz and Django devise a plan to get her back.
1. The Trial of the Chicago 7 (2020)
Directed by Aaron Sorkin, 'The Trail of the Chicago 7' follows the Chicago Seven, a group of anti-Vietnam War protesters who are held responsible for the riots at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago. This historical legal drama follows the unfair trials of seven ringleaders who are associated with the incident and their fight against all odds to stand for what they believe in. Although they do not see eye to eye on their political philosophies, the Chicago 7 realize the significance they have in each other's lives, especially if they want to win the fight. The ensemble cast features notable names like Sacha Baron Cohen, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Frank Langella, Alex Sharp, Michael Keaton, Daniel Flaherty, and Yahya Abdul-Mateen II.
Read More: Best Suspense Movies on Netflix


Teen suicide is a very serious and sad problem. For the suicidal teen, the pain can be so great that the only solution he/she sees is by killing him/herself. However, suicide is not a way of solving a problem. It is a way of escape.
The saddest thing about adolescent suicide is that the suicidal teen doesn't really want to die. What they truly want is for someone to show that they care and understand.
This is the time to bring in a qualified adult. I have listed these authorities at the bottom of this page.
It's important that there are no dangers in your teen's/friend's living environment that she could harm herself with.
Realize that your suicidal friend/child is suffering so don't try to brush it off by saying that it's no big deal. Don't say that she'll get over it. This will only make her feel more alone. Realize that adolescent suicide exists.
Also, do not try to cheer your friend/child up too much. This will lead her to think that you don't understand her pain.
Call a qualified professional instead.
Even if your friend makes you promise not to tell anyone about his condition, DO TELL. He might not like you for doing this. Later, he will thank you for saving his life.
A suicidal person needs to know that people care about her. So keep in touch. Call, stop by, email etc. to show that you care. Be supportive.
Teen suicide is preventable – it must just be spotted early. A suicidal person doesn't really want to die. He wants to live without the pain, the psychological pain. I would recommend getting a psychiatrist involved as early as possible.
It is very important to speak to the suicidal person with a deep, wanting-to-understand attitude.
At the end of the day, the formula boils down to pyschiatric help, wanting to understand, kindness, compassion and caring.


text:
Q: Query nested, 2 leves, array of objects in MongoDB I am trying to query a coolection that has the following structure:
{
"_id" : ObjectId("58eed22d09865610c23453e3"),
"name" : "Maria das Dores",
"type" : "P",
"nickname" : "Dolores",
"notes" : "Notas\r\n\r\nCom quebra de página",
"updated_at" : ISODate("2017-04-13T01:19:41.000Z"),
"created_at" : ISODate("2017-04-13T01:19:41.000Z"),
"emails" : [
    {
        "value" : "maria@dores.com",
        "default" : true,
        "updated_at" : ISODate("2017-04-13T01:19:41.000Z"),
        "created_at" : ISODate("2017-04-13T01:19:41.000Z"),
        "_id" : ObjectId("58eed22d09865610c23453e4")
    },
    {
        "value" : "maria@semdores.com",
        "_id" : ObjectId("58eed23d09865605614005c4"),
        "updated_at" : ISODate("2017-04-13T01:19:57.000Z"),
        "created_at" : ISODate("2017-04-13T01:19:57.000Z")
    }
],
"phones" : [
    {
        "value" : "(33) 8282383-2933",
        "default" : false,
        "updated_at" : ISODate("2017-04-25T12:11:14.000Z"),
        "created_at" : ISODate("2017-04-13T01:19:41.000Z"),
        "_id" : ObjectId("58eed22d09865610c23453e5")
    },
    {
        "value" : "(85) 101010-1010101",
        "default" : true,
        "_id" : ObjectId("58ff3ce209865605681f40c2"),
        "updated_at" : ISODate("2017-04-25T12:11:14.000Z"),
        "created_at" : ISODate("2017-04-25T12:11:14.000Z")
    },
    {
        "value" : "21343243343",
        "_id" : ObjectId("58ff3d7d0986560b861c3b32"),
        "updated_at" : ISODate("2017-04-25T12:13:49.000Z"),
        "created_at" : ISODate("2017-04-25T12:13:49.000Z")
    }
],
"copartner" : {
    "enabled" : true,
    "updated_at" : ISODate("2017-05-17T00:32:42.000Z"),
    "created_at" : ISODate("2017-05-11T02:35:40.000Z"),
    "_id" : ObjectId("5913cdfc09865664df031ec2"),
    "applications" : {
        "0" : {
            "application_id" : "58e46443098656283d225b52",
            "responsibility" : "DEV",
            "percentage" : 1250,
            "_id" : ObjectId("591a6f9d0986563c174cefd3"),
            "updated_at" : ISODate("2017-05-16T03:18:53.000Z"),
            "created_at" : ISODate("2017-05-16T03:18:53.000Z")
        },
        "1" : {
            "application_id" : "58e46443098656283d225b52",
            "responsibility" : "SALE",
            "percentage" : 2000,
            "_id" : ObjectId("591b9a2a09865605697fe3e3"),
            "updated_at" : ISODate("2017-05-17T00:32:42.000Z"),
            "created_at" : ISODate("2017-05-17T00:32:42.000Z")
        }
    }
}
}

I already test with the "dot" notation and using $elemMatch, but no one of them result in any match.
Dot notation query:
db.getCollection('persons').find({
    "copartner.applications.application_id": "58e46443098656283d225b52"
})

$elemMatch query:
db.getCollection('persons').find({
    "copartner.applications": { $elemMatch: { "applications_id": "58e46443098656283d225b52" } }
})

A: The dot notation will work with either one of these queries:
db.getCollection('persons').find({
"copartner.applications.0.application_id": "58e46443098656283d225b52"})

AND
db.getCollection('persons').find({
"copartner.applications.1.application_id": "58e46443098656283d225b52"})

"applications" is not an array, so $elemMatch is not applicable.  "0" and "1" are nested fields instead of array elements.  If you can, you're better off using an array for "applications".