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Consequences / Re: Decline in insect populations
Much of the debate surrounding the human-induced biodiversity crisis has focused on vertebrates3, but population declines and extinctions may be even more substantial in small organisms such as terrestrial arthropods4. Recent studies have reported declines in the biomass of flying insects2, and in the diversity of insect pollinators5,6, butterflies and moths1,7,8,9,10, hemipterans11,12 and beetles7,13,14. Owing to the associated negative effects on food webs15, ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services16, this insect loss has spurred an intense public debate. However, time-series data relating to arthropods are limited, and studies have so far focused on a small range of taxa11,13,14, a few types of land use and habitat12—or even on single sites1,17. In addition, many studies lack species information2 or high temporal resolution2,12. It therefore remains unclear whether reported declines in arthropods are a general phenomenon that is driven by similar mechanisms across land-use types, taxa and functional groups.
The reported declines are suspected to be caused mainly by human land use2. Locally, farming practices can affect arthropods directly by application of insecticides18,19, mowing20 or soil disturbance, or indirectly via changes in plant communities through the application of herbicides or fertilizer21. Forestry practices can also affect local arthropod communities via changes in tree species composition or forest structure22. In addition, local arthropod populations can be affected by land use in the surrounding landscape; for example, through the drift and transport of pesticides and nitrogen by air or water23,24, through the effects of habitat loss on meta-communities (source–sink dynamics25) or by hampering dispersal.
To disentangle the local and landscape-level effects of land use on temporal trends in arthropod communities of grasslands and forests, we used data from the 'Biodiversity Exploratories' research programme that pertain to more than 1 million individual arthropods (2,675 species) (Extended Data Table 1). Arthropods were collected annually at 150 grassland sites by standardized sweep-net sampling in June and August from 2008 to 2017, and at 30 forest sites with flight-interception traps over the whole growing period from 2008 to 2016. An additional 110 forest sites were sampled in 2008, 2011 and 2014 to test for trends across a larger number of sites. Both the grassland and the forest sites cover gradients in local land-use intensity. Land-use intensity was quantified in the form of compound indices that are based on grazing, mowing and fertilization intensity in grasslands26, and on recent biomass removal, the proportion of non-natural tree species and deadwood origin in forests27. To analyse landscape-level effects, we quantified the cover of arable fields, grassland and forest in circles, with a radius between 250 m and 2 km, around each sampling site. We modelled temporal trends in arthropod biomass (estimated from body size; Methods), abundance and the number of species separately for grasslands and forests, and tested for the effects of local and landscape-scale land-use intensity on these trends, accounting for weather conditions. Analyses were conducted for all species together, and for different dispersal and trophic guilds.
The total number of arthropod species across all sites (gamma diversity) was substantially lower in later than in earlier years in both forests and grasslands (Fig. 1). Gamma diversity, biomass, abundance and number of species fluctuated over time but revealed an overall decrease with strongest declines from 2008 to 2010, especially in grasslands (Fig. 1). Year-to-year fluctuations in arthropod biomass, abundance and number of species were partially explained by weather conditions (Extended Data Fig. 1, Supplementary Table 1-1, Supplementary Information section 2). Accounting for weather, fitted trends from our models showed declines in biomass of 67% for grasslands and 41% for forests, declines in species numbers of 34% for grasslands and 36% for forests, and declines in abundance of 78% for grasslands, with no significant change in abundances for forests (−17%) (Fig. 1, Supplementary Table 3-1). In grasslands, declines occurred consistently across all trophic guilds (herbivores, myceto-detritivores, omnivores and carnivores), although the trend for carnivores was not significant (Supplementary Table 1-1). In forests, the patterns were more complex: herbivores showed an increase in abundance and species number, whereas all other trophic guilds declined. Temporal trends of arthropods on the basis of data recorded in 3-year intervals from all 140 forest sites were similar to the trends based on the 30 sites with annual data (Supplementary Table 1-1). Sensitivity analyses that removed or reshuffled years showed that the decline was influenced by, but not solely dependent on, high numbers of arthropods in 2008. Fluctuations in numbers (including the numbers from 2008) appear to match trends that have been observed in other studies2, which suggests that the recent decline is part of a longer-term trend that had begun by at least the early 1990s (Extended Data Fig. 2, Supplementary Information section 3). Further sensitivity analyses showed consistent declines when data from individual sampling dates were not aggregated per year, and also showed that declines concerned all three regions that we analysed (Supplementary Tables 3-2, 3-3, Supplementary Fig. 3-1).
Fig. 1: Temporal trends in arthropod communities.
a–d, Gamma diversity (total number of species across all grassland or forest sites) (a), biomass (b), abundance (c) and number of species (d) of arthropods were recorded in 30 forest and 150 grassland sites across Germany. Gamma diversity shows mean incidence-based, bias-corrected diversity estimates (Chao's BSS, that is, the higher value of the minimum doubled reference sample size and the maximum reference sample size among years29) for q = 0 and 95% confidence intervals derived from bootstrapping (n = 200). Non-overlapping confidence intervals indicate significant difference30. Box plots show raw data per site and year (n = 1,406 (grassland) or 266 (forest) independent samples). Solid lines indicate significant temporal trends (P < 0.05) based on linear mixed models that included weather conditions, and local and landscape-level land-use intensity as covariates. Shaded areas represent confidence intervals. Boxes represent data within the 25th and 75th percentile, black lines show medians, and whiskers show 1.5× the interquartile range. Data points beyond that range (outliers) are not shown for graphical reasons. Plots for biomass and species number have separate y axes for grassland and forest.
Linking changes in biomass, abundance and the number of species to one another enables further inferences regarding the mechanisms that drive arthropod declines. In grasslands, both abundant and less-abundant species declined in abundance (Fig. 2), but loss in the number of species occurred mostly among less-frequent species (Fig. 1, Extended Data Fig. 3, Supplementary Information section 4). This suggests that the decline in the number of species in grasslands was attributable mainly to a loss of individuals among rare species. In forests, species that were initially less abundant decreased in abundance, whereas some of the most abundant species—including invasive species and potential pest species—increased in abundance (Fig. 2, Supplementary Table 5-1). The loss of species was, however, irrespective of their frequency (Fig. 1, Extended Data Fig. 3, Supplementary Information section 4). This suggests that the decline of arthropods in forests is driven by mechanisms that negatively affect the abundances of many species, which leads to an overall decline in biomass and the number of species but favours some species that are able to compensate declines in abundance.
Fig. 2: Changes in the dominance of species.
Rank abundance curves of arthropod communities for the first two (2008–2009) and final two (2016–2017 for grasslands and 2015–2016 for forests) years of the study, from 150 grassland and 30 forest sites. The insets show enlarged curves for the 30 most-abundant species. Data from the first two and final two study years were pooled (abundances are the total number of individuals of a species observed over two years). Declines in abundance are highlighted by yellow shading, and increases in abundance are shaded in green. The y axes are log-scaled, but show untransformed values.
The magnitudes of declines in biomass, abundance and the number of species in arthropod communities were independent of local land-use intensity (Supplementary Table 1-1) as well as changes in plant communities (Supplementary Information section 6) at all sites. However, in forests declines in the number of species were weaker at sites with high natural or anthropogenic tree mortality, possibly owing to increased heterogeneity in local habitats (Extended Data Fig. 4). Landscape composition had no effect on arthropod trends in forests (note that forest sites covered only limited gradients of the landscape variables, Extended Data Fig. 5), but it mediated declines in the number of species in grasslands: the magnitude of the declines increased with increasing cover of arable fields, and marginally increased with cover of grasslands in the surrounding landscape (Fig. 3, Supplementary Table 1-1). This suggests that major drivers of arthropod decline in grasslands are associated with agricultural land use at the landscape scale.
Fig. 3: Landscape effects on arthropod decline in grasslands.
a, Temporal changes in biomass, abundance and the number of species for all arthropod species. b, c, Temporal change in biomass of species with high (b) or low (c) dispersal ability, conditional on the cover of arable fields in the surrounding landscape (1-km radius). The decline in biomass increased significantly with the cover of arable fields for weak dispersers, but not for strong dispersers. Slopes were derived from models that included weather conditions and local land-use intensity as covariates. The y axes are log-scaled, but show untransformed values.
The interaction between a species and the landscape around its habitat depends on its dispersal ability, which ultimately determines its occurrence and persistence28. In grasslands, taxa of high and low dispersal ability (Methods) both declined, but an increasing cover of arable fields—although not of grasslands—in the surroundings amplified declines in the biomass of weak dispersers more strongly than it did declines of strong dispersers (Fig. 3, Supplementary Table 7-1). Weak dispersers may experience higher mortality during dispersal, and thus have a lower chance of (re)colonization of a particular site when arable field cover is high. In forests, strong dispersers declined in biomass, abundance and the number of species, whereas weak dispersers increased in abundance and biomass—but less strongly when grassland cover in the landscape was high (Supplementary Table 7-1). This suggests that the drivers behind arthropod declines in forests also act at landscape-level spatial scales.
We showed that arthropods declined markedly not only in biomass but also in abundance and the number of species, and that this affected taxa of most trophic levels in both grasslands and forests. Declines in gamma diversity suggest that species might disappear across regions. Our results also indicate that the major drivers of arthropod decline in both habitat types act at landscape-level spatial scales, but that declines may be moderated by increases in heterogeneity of local habitats in forests. Although the drivers of arthropod decline in forests remain unclear, in grasslands these drivers are associated with the proportion of agricultural land in the landscape. However, we cannot ascertain whether the observed declines are driven by the legacy effects of historical land-use intensification or by recent agricultural intensification at the landscape level; for example, by the decrease of fallow land and field margins rich in plant species, the increased use of pesticides or use of more potent insecticides (Supplementary Information section 3). Time-series data relating to changes in the use of agrochemicals or the presence of fine-scale arthropod habitats would be necessary to answer this question. Furthermore, the extents to which changes in climate have reinforced the observed trends in arthropod biomass, abundance and number of species is unclear (Supplementary Information section 2). Our results show that widespread arthropod declines have occurred in recent years. Although declines were less pronounced during the second half of our study period, there is no indication that negative trends have been reversed by measures that have been implemented in recent years. This calls for a paradigm shift in land-use policy at national and international levels to counteract species decline in open and forested habitats by implementing measures that are coordinated across landscapes and regions. Such strategies should aim to improve habitat quality for arthropods and to mitigate the negative effects of land-use practices not only at a local scale (within isolated patches embedded in an inhospitable agricultural matrix) but also across large and continuous areas.
Quote from: kassy on January 14, 2020, 02:28:41 PM
In 30 forest sites with annual inventories, biomass and species number—but not abundance—decreased by 41% and 36%, respectively.
So over a third of the species are lost while abundance remains the same.
I wonder if they have a breakdown of species in the article.
Quote from: blumenkraft on January 14, 2020, 02:43:41 PM
I take it they only measured biomass in regards to decline.
"We showed that arthropods declined markedly not only in biomass but also in abundance and the number of species, and that this affected taxa of most trophic levels in both grasslands and forests." - Siebold et al 2019.
No they split it in three categories but sadly it is paywalled.
The difference between the forests and grasslands is interesting and i would like to see tables with a breakdown for both.
I have access to the paper. What would you both like to see?
The rest / Re: Who should be the Democratic nominee for President in 2020?
Quote from: Neven on December 27, 2019, 09:38:29 AM
Quote from: Ktb on December 27, 2019, 08:07:07 AM
The only reason I would vote 3rd party is if Gabbard gets the nomination. She's on the right politically. Trump is far right.
But centrist/corporate Democrats are also on the right politically, because they serve their donors and not the American people. So, why would you vote for that? Any Blue won't do, when it isn't really Blue. Haven't the right-wing Clinton and Obama presidencies taught people anything? Identity politics doesn't make you left-wing, it's the economic policies. When these serve concentrated wealth, they are right-wing. Leftism has ceased to exist in the USA after Jimmy Carter. Only Sanders can bring it back.
Idk how many times I have to say this. I AM VOTING FOR SANDERS ffs. That being said, if he does not win the nomination I will begrudgingly support whoever comes up next.
Quote from: Neven on December 26, 2019, 07:53:27 PM
I would rather have a centrist, status quo democrat than a right wing talking head.
That's how you get Trump. Why would you want that?
No obviously not. I'm voting for Sanders. But in the event where it is a centrist, status quo democrat or Trump, I'll be voting for the dem. In the event it is Tulsi (a literal right winger posing as a dem) or Trump, i'll be voting 3rd party.
When someone shows you who they are, believe them the first time.
I cannot figure out who the dems that like Tulsi Gabbard are. Or why. She is not a good person.
Consequences / Re: Population: Public Enemy No. 1
I am sure it has been posted before, but making abortion illegal DOES NOT stop abortion. It makes abortion dangerous. Because it will still occur. Except now it will be by coat hangers, baseball bats, and assorted liquids purchased over the internet, instead of by medical professionals.
If people truly wanted to stop/decrease abortion, the way to go about it is better sex education and free, unlimited prophylaxis (condoms, the pill, IUD).
Quote from: bbr2314 on November 17, 2019, 10:27:32 AM
B_lumenkraft is not a Democrat, or a liberal. He is an angry, illiterate socialist whose only goal is chaos and misery for all. Because he is an angry, sad human being, everyone else should also be angry and sad. The same can be said for the majority of the far-left Democrats.
This is very sad. But what can I do about it? Educating them won't change anything because they cannot be educated, they are clinically stupid. So I suppose I will simply ignore them. Let them froth and rage. But do not be mistaken -- these people are the very reason Trump was elected, whether they voted for him, or not. They feed on anger, it is their only sustenance. And that is why they would not vote for a dyed-in-the-wool centrist who could restore the policies of the Obama and Clinton eras over Donald Trump. Because they actually don't even dislike Trump. They love him. They love to hate! It is sick. Truly, disgustingly, sick.
Before I say this, I read and enjoy a lot of Bbr's posts in other parts of this forum.
That being said: Nice ad hominem attack. Fuck you and your diatribe.
The rest / Re: Poll for the Democratic Party's Nomination for U.S. President in 2020
I change my vote to Bloomberg
"You know who is disenfranchised and needs more power? The 14th wealthiest person alive today!"
The forum / Re: ASIF Statistics
Does this count as statistics? I'm not sure, but I was bored and procrastinating work so here it is anyway:
How long will it take Tom_Mazanec to surpass AbruptSLR as the forums top poster?
A mere 60 years and 276 days
Science / Re: The Science of Aerosols
Glad everybody enjoyed the read. The presentation was fantastic. Excellent speaker.
The rest / Re: Climate, Agriculture and Other Pertinent Documentaries
Apparently Peter Wadhams is getting a documentary made about him.
From the Ice Itself
https://fromtheiceitself.com/
Consequences / Re: Prepping for Collapse
Here is why we will never reduce CO2 in time: I present the prisoner's dilemma. A classic game.
We have a multi person prisoner's dilemma in which any individual is pitted against the entire rest of the world. This prisoner's dilemma would hold true for the vast majority of people, i.e. if you replaced individual A with individual B from the "everybody else" section, this would still be true.
We look at the individual's preference ranking.
1st choice - Individual makes no, or minimal lifestyle changes. Individual does not attempt to reduce CO2 output. Individual makes no significant sacrifices. CO2 still reduced enough by rest of the world to avoid major consequences of CC.
2nd choice - Individual makes lifestyle changes to reduce CO2. Some lifestyle changes may cause discomfort. CO2 production by everybody else also decreases enough to avoid major consequences of CC.
3rd choice - Individual makes no, or minimal lifestyle changes. Individual does not attempt to reduce CO2 output. Individual makes no significant sacrifices. The rest of the world also does not reduce CO2 output. Climate change has severe and widespread impacts.
4th choice - Individual makes lifestyle changes to reduce CO2. Some lifestyle changes may cause discomfort. CO2 production by everybody else does not decrease by enough to avoid major consequences of climate change. Individual feels that he/she was played for a fool, made sacrifices for no reason.
Unfortunately, the dominant strategy here is for the individual to make no lifestyle changes. And indeed, we see that playing out with the vast majority of the general populace.
Quote from: ShortBrutishNasty on September 11, 2019, 03:49:46 AM
"We need to approach zero net emissions, globally, in the next three decades."
Transl.: We have 30 more years to dick around.
Net zero by 2050 is a joke.
Consequences / Re: Hurricane Season 2019
The President of the United States altered a National Hurricane Center map with a sharpie to falsely extend the official forecast toward Alabama so he didn't have to admit he was wrong in a tweet.
It is a violation of federal law to falsify a National Weather Service forecast and pass it off as official, as President Trump did here.
18 U.S. Code § 2074
https://twitter.com/wxdam/status/1169309514669199361
Truly breathtaking to watch this man work.
Quote from: Ken Feldman on September 04, 2019, 11:15:55 PM
Did the question about a possible spike in warming from reduced aerosols with the reduction in fossil fuel burning come up? If so, what was the answer?
Yes, I actually asked about Hansen et al.'s 2013 paper on aerosol masking, and the effect that immediately stopping production of sulfates via oil/coal/etc. Dr. Haywood said he respected Dr. Hansen, but believed that the warming effect would not be as great or as rapid as Hansen described. Additionally, Dr. Haywood said that sulfates would be replaced with other aerosols that occur naturally, the names of which escape me.
Having a million difficulties trying to upload the presentation as a PDF.
I tried to take detailed notes, and stuck around for the Q&A. I may be able to answer some basic questions if anybody has any.
Got to hear Dr. Jim Haywood from Exeter University and the Met Office speak today about Aerosol masking, clouds, and possible future geoengineering. He agreed to provide me his powerpoint presentation. I will try to upload it here when I obtain it.
Edit: Jim** Haywood
Arctic sea ice / Re: Are you hoping to witness a BOE?
Quote from: GoSouthYoungins on August 23, 2019, 07:09:43 AM
I'm curious why so many ppl want a BOE as soon as possible.
Humanity is a plague. A failed experiment.
Consequences / Re: Climate change, the ocean, agriculture, and FOOD
Almost a decade ago I was taking an intro physics course. We were assigned a paper on energy production and what should humanity do to power the world.
I wrote a very dry paper on how humanity needs to shift from fossil fuels to nuclear, solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, etc.
Once my teacher had graded them all, he announced that ZERO students had written about simply reducing energy consumption. That has stuck with me for 9 years. And it is still relevant today.
We built the dam, then we engineer a crazy fish shuttle and hire people to push fish through the entrance all day. All we actually had to do was not build the dam.
I think we have really forgotten the lesson that sometimes less is more. We create the problem, solve the problem in an absolutely insane way, and declare victory. But we had already won and been winning for thousands of years before the dam was built.
Quote from: Sigmetnow on August 11, 2019, 10:12:20 PM
A hyperloop for fish. And it can cull out invasive species.
Whooshh Innovations' "Salmon Cannon" Gives Fish A Boost Over Dams
1-minute video.
In reality, all we need to do is not build the dam.
Consequences / Re: The Holocene Extinction
I would say we have already eaten the planet, and now we are scrounging for any remaining scraps
Has anybody considered that even if everybody survived collapse, within 3 months about ~10% of the US adult population would be dead from lack of insulin. Stockpile now!
Not to mention all the other health conditions that would suddenly go untreated.
Arctic sea ice / Re: 2019 sea ice area and extent data
Semimonthly BOE evaluation
July 31 extent was 5,955,851 km^2. With on average 44 days to go until the end of the melt season on September 13th, we now require a daily drop of -112,633 km^2 for a BOE to occur. (See Attachment 1).
Total extent loss in July 2019 was -3,080,630 km^2. And total extent loss so far this season is -8,315,270 km^2. This has resulted in the current average daily drop of -58,974 km^2. For the period from maximum to July 31st, this is the 3rd fastest rate of melt for the same period for the years 2007-2019. Barely squeaking in behind 2012, and lagging well behind 2010. (See Attachment 2).
Additionally, if the melt season ended today, -58,974 km^2 would place 2019 as 3rd out of 13 for the years 2007-2019, once again behind 2010, with 2012 in first place.
Looking only at the month of July, we have averaged -99,375 km^2 per day. This average daily drop places July 2019 as 2nd out of 13 (2007-2019) in average daily July melt. We needed a drop larger than 58k today to maintain 1st place in this category. (See Attachment 3).
Currently putting the finishing touches on an essay regarding the vaquita. Extending trend lines, it has until 2030. But in actuality, 2020-2021 is my bet for extinction.
The IUCN, CIRVA, and CITES have all made their recommendations. Even the IWC weighed in here. The US, Mexican, and Chinese governments have attempted to halt trading of the totoaba to prevent gillnet use. The captive breeding program - VaquitaCPR - has failed.
This cetacean is going to follow the baiji into the stars.
After combing through the IUCN redlist, I have a minor update on the Global Amphibian Assessment 2:
Best estimates of percentage threatened species (with lower and upper estimates) for each group are: amphibians 40% (32-53%).
9 species of amphibians were confirmed to have become extinct, or extinct in the wild, since the 2004 assessment.
According to my own quick maths, since GAA1 in 2004: there has been a 1.6% increase in the number of amphibian species listed as vulnerable (from 628 in 2004 to 638 in 2019); a 29.5% increase in amphibian species listed as endangered (from 729 in 2004 to 944 in 2019); and a 39.2% increase in amphibian species listed as critically endangered (from 413 in 2004 to 575 in 2019).
Additionally, 137 of the critically endangered species are in a subcategory of CR(PE), or critically endangered (possibly extinct).
All data available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/summary-statistics#Summary%20Tables
Total extent loss thus far in July 2019 was -1,539,884 km^2. And total extent loss so far this season is -6,774,524 km^2. This has resulted in the current average daily drop of -54,196 km^2. If the month of July ended today, this would be the 7th fastest rate of melt for the same period for the years 2007-2019. (See Attachment 2).
Additionally, if the melt season ended today, -54,196 km^2 would place 2019 as 5th out of 13 for the years 2007-2019.
Looking only at the month of July so far, we have averaged -102,659 km^2 per day. If the month of July ended today, this average daily drop places July 2019 as 1st out of 13 (2007-2019) in average daily July melt. (See Attachment 3).
I said in a previous post that we would need to have the strongest July melt ever in order for a BOE to occur. And while a BOE will likely not occur this year, we have still managed to have the strongest July melt so far.
Also, I have previously been posting the individual months for the first attachment rather than the excel sheet of the entire melt season. It allowed for us to be "on pace" at the first of the month if there was a big enough drop on the first, even if we were not on pace the day before. Confusion ensues.
Quote from: charles_oil on July 01, 2019, 06:48:06 AM
KTB - I may have missed earlier messages - is your BOE 1m km2 or 0 km2 ?
Why isn't 27 / 28th June showing as True where daily loss is albeit briefly > loss rate required for BOE ?
BOE is the "industry standard" i.e. 1M km^2.
Individual days that are greater than the minimum daily melt required at the START of the month are green, even if that day is not above the New Daily Requirement column.
For it to show TRUE, the cumulative melt until that point would have to be equal to, or greater than, the cumulative minimum requirement for a BOE. So by late June, to get TRUE results, we would have required melt of over 1M km^2 to catch back up.
Bad design on my part that we can be FALSE (not on pace) on May 31st, but be TRUE (on pace) on June 1st. This is because I have multiple spreadsheets, and really should only post the full melt season spreadsheet, while keeping the individual month spreadsheets to myself.
And for comparisons to other years:
The following attachment is for actual previous years daily average melt from July 1 to their respective minimums (Attachment 1).
The following section is for what the previous years would have needed for a BOE to occur: From July 1st to each years respective minimum, our current BOE requirement is the 7th highest value, of which 2010 is the leader (which makes sense for the record low at this time of year, and the length of its' melt season), while 2018 - solid 2nd place - continues to hold on in this aspect because of how insanely long its' melt season was. Keep in mind that 2018's minimum was reached on September 21st, and that 2010's minimum was reached on September 17th. (See attachment 2). End
As an aside, for a BOE to occur at this point, we would need to have the strongest June melt for the years 2007-2018 (and likely ever since the satellite record began), an above average July melt, the strongest August melt, and the strongest September 1st to minimum.
All I can do is parrot the ASIF gods by saying that conditions have favored melting. We shall see what July and August hold in store.
Semimonthly (I didn't forget you Tor) BOE evaluation
June 30 extent was 9,036,481 km^2. With on average 75 days to go until the end of the melt season on September 13th, we now require a daily drop of -107,153 km^2 for a BOE to occur. (See Attachment 1).
Total extent loss in June 2019 was -1,732,452 km^2. And total extent loss so far this season is -5,234,640 km^2. This has resulted in the current average daily drop of -47,588 km^2, which is the 4th fastest rate of melt from the maximum to the end of June. (See Attachment 2).
Looking only at the month of June, we have averaged -57,748 km^2 per day. This average daily drop places June 2019 as 9th out of 13 (2007-2019) in average daily June melt. (See Attachment 3).
Bimonthly BOE evaluation
June 15 extent was 10,187,233 km^2. With on average 90 days to go until the end of the melt season on September 13th, we now require a daily drop of -102,080 km^2 for a BOE to occur. (See Attachment 1). That's it guys, pack it in, we now require a century drop per day.
Total extent loss thus far in June 2019 was -620,026 km^2. And total extent loss so far this season is -4,122,214 km^2. This has resulted in the current average daily drop of -42,940 km^2. (See Attachment 2).
Looking only at the month of June, we have averaged -38,752 km^2 per day. This average daily drop places June 2019 as 13th out of 13 (2007-2019) in average daily June melt. (See Attachment 3).
Quote from: Ktb on June 01, 2019, 07:11:15 AM
As I had mentioned previously, for a BOE to occur we would need the strongest June melt since at least 2007. Instead we have witnessed a well below average 15 days.
Consequences / Re: Worst consequence of AGW
The worst consequence will be utter and complete collapse of human civilization as we know it.
And to some above replies: redistribution of wealth still keeps society in the game/prison of capitalism. The bars must be broken and humanity set free in order to save the earth and ourselves.
May 31 extent was 10,768,933 km^2. With on average 105 days to go until the end of the melt season on September 13th, we now require a daily drop of -93,037 km^2 for a BOE to occur. (See Attachment 1).
Total extent loss thus in May 2019 was -1,536,443 km^2. And total extent loss so far this season is -3,502,188 km^2. This has resulted in the current average daily drop of -43,777 km^2. We have experienced the 2nd fastest rate of daily loss from Maximum to the end of May -- behind 2010 at a whopping -57,318 km^2 per day. Impressively strong early season melt is still holding our average high. (See Attachment 2).
Looking only at the month of May, we have averaged -49,563 km^2 per day. This average daily drop places May 2019 as 8th out of 13 (2007-2019) in average daily May melt (See Attachment 3).
Additionally: Note the significant lack of green in the first attachment at this point. We had 0 days of melt greater than the BOE requirement set on the first of the month (-83,128 km^2). So we fall further and further behind.
JCG, your updates make my updates easier! Please do not change!
There have been many days of below average melt, and several days of above average melt. Total extent loss thus far in May is -739,276 km^2. And total extent loss so far this season is -2,705,021 km^2. This has resulted in the current average daily drop of -42,266 km^2. If the month of May ended today, this would the 3rd fastest daily loss from maximum to the end of May (behind 2010 at a whopping -57,318 km^2 per day, and 2014 at -42,541 km^2 per day). (See Attachment 2).
Looking only at the month of May (so far), we have averaged -49,285 km^2 per day. This average daily drop places May 2019 as 8th out of 13 (2007-2019) in average daily May melt (See Attachment 3).
Although we still have 16 days to go this month, and many of the ASIF gods are becoming worried about the high pressure setup forecast by GFS.
No 2nd post for mid monthlies, don't have the data calculated and I am traveling so even this post was unexpected for me.
Edit: was tired and missed 2,000 km^2 so the averages will be slightly lower. My mistake.
The following attachment is for actual previous years daily average melt from May 1 to their respective minimums (Attachment 1).
The following section is for what the previous years would have needed for a BOE to occur: From May 1st to each years respective minimum, our current BOE requirement is the 2nd highest value, behind only 2018 with an average daily drop of -80,251 km^2. Keep in mind that 2018's minimum was reached on September 21st, and that 2016's minimum was reached on September 7th. (See attachment 2). End
Bimonthly BOE evaluation.
April 30 extent was 12,305,376 km^2. With on average 136 days to go until the end of the melt season on September 13th, we now require a daily drop of -83,128 km^2 for a BOE to occur. (See Attachment 1).
Surprisingly, there were several days of extent gain in April, and several days of low extent losses. Total extent loss in April was -1,069,805 km^2. And total extent loss so far this season is -1,965,745 km^2. This has resulted in the current average daily drop of -40,691 km^2. This is the 2nd fastest rate of melt from maximum to April 30th, behind 2010 at -43,748 km^2. Although, keep in mind that 2010's maximum was reached on March 31st. (See attachment 2 with graph ).
Fun Addition: If the month of May ended today, 2019 would have the 3rd fastest rate of melt, behind 2010 and 2014.
Looking only at the month of April, we have averaged -35,660 km^2 per day (much slower than the March powerhouse of this season). This average daily drop places April 2019 as 7th out of 13 (2007-2019) in average daily April melt. (See Attachment 3).
[ADS NIPR VISHOP (JAXA)] Arctic Sea Ice Extent.
April 20th, 2019:
12,603,699 km2, a drop of -48,724 km2.
2019 is the lowest on record.
Quote from: Rodius on April 16, 2019, 08:34:34 AM
These numbers are interesting, but without a comparison it is difficult to know what is significant.
For example, if I knew the average drop from now to minimum for 2012, at least it would help get my head around what is required.
So far, while a BOE is still unlikely this year, given an average melt from now on brings it close to 2012, then a decent, well timed storm in July or August could potentially do the job.
Anyway, is it possible to have 2012 average melt to minimum in the column to help with comparisons?
I have most of what you ask for ready to go, but was saving it for the April 30th update because I don't have mid-month values calculated. Other pieces I don't have made yet, but with the data I already have it would be easy to complete what you are requesting.
March 31 extent was 13,375,281 km^2. Requiring average daily drops of -74,550 km^2 for a BOE to occur.
Extent loss has slowed considerably over the past 8-9 days, although it did pick back up today. Total extent loss in April thus far is -553,639 km^2. And total extent loss so far this season is -1,449,479 km^2. This has resulted in the current average daily drop of -42,632 km^2.
So far in the month of April, we have averaged a slower rate of -36,909 km^2 per day. If April ended today, this would be extremely middle of the pack (6th place out of 13 --- counting 2007 onward). Although, we have the entire latter half of the month remaining.
As of April 15th, extent was 12,821,642 km^2, and with on average 151 days to go until the end of the melt season on September 13th, we now require a daily drop of -78,289 km^2.
Max was reached on March 12, and was 14,271,121 km^2. Required average daily drop of -71.736 km^2 for a BOE to occur. We have had 5 days of above the necessary melt, and many days that had above average melt (quite impressive for March if you ask me). Total extent loss as of March 31 was -895,840 km^2, which is 467,140 km^2 shy of maintaining the necessary track for a BOE (attachment 2).
Instead, we have averaged an impressive -47,149 km^2 per day during the period between maximum and March 31. Since 2007, we have had only 1 year (2014) that had greater average loss during the period between the maximum and March 31 (attachment 3)
As of April 1st, we now require an average daily drop of -74,550 km^2 for the next 166 days.
Edit: And again, I want to emphasize that I am aware that we will most likely see FALSE for the entire season. I get it. I made and maintain this to show how difficult/significant a BOE will be. Who knows when this will be useful.
Arctic sea ice / Re: The 2019 melting season
Slater projection is up and running for those interested.
http://cires1.colorado.edu/~aslater/SEAICE/
My excel document has been retrofitted and is currently up to date.
JAXA max extent on March 12th, with an extent on 14,271,121 km^2. This requires a daily extent loss of -72,520 km^2 for 183 straight days (on average) -71,736 km^2 for 185 straight days for a blue ocean event to occur.
So far, we have 1 day of above necessary extent loss (in green). However, we are still not on pace (in red).
As of March 17th, we now require daily drops of -73,131 km^2 for the next 178 days. -72,318 km^2 for the next 180 days.
Of note, I have decided to limit these posts to twice per month, on the first and last days respectively. I'll figure it out. Still working on things.
Conservationists say they have found a dead vaquita porpoise, a critically endangered marine animal of which only about 10 remain in the world, in a fish net off the coast of Mexico.
A report published by the IUCN on March 6 states that only about 10 vaquitas remained alive in 2018, as per an acoustic monitoring program conducted in the Gulf, though there is a 95% chance they number between 6 and 22.
"Without immediate, effective action on the part of the Government, the vaquita is doomed to extinction," the report adds.
http://time.com/5552189/sea-shepherd-vaquita-porpoise-endangered-mexico/
I decided that after 3 years of lurking with minimal contributions to the extent and area threads, I should finally add something.
Because of nearly everybody's fascination with the BOE, I have targeted that as my project. I don't think many people have actually visualized just how much ice needs to melt in order for a BOE to occur. If we take the start of the melt season as Feb 23rd, we need an average daily extent loss of -65,645k for the next 201 days.
The attached graph shows the starting extent for the melt season (as hypothetically called by a few on this forum).
In the Average Daily Ice Loss for BOE column, we can see exactly what it sounds like: if daily loss matched that number exactly for the rest of the melt season, we would have a BOE.
In the Are We On Pace? column, I have summed the actual daily ice loss of the current day and all the past days of the melt season vs the sum total of the same number of days required for a BOE. Then, if we are equal to, or less than (darn negative numbers) the average required, we will see a TRUE. If the actual daily ice loss sum total is greater than the average daily for BOE sum total, we will see FALSE as currently seen.
In the Days Remaining column, we have the number of days left until the end of the melt season, on average of course.
In the Actual Daily Ice Loss, we see the actual daily ice loss.
And finally, in the New Required Average column, we see the new average daily requirement for a BOE. From that date on, if we lost the New Required Average, we would have a BOE regardless of previous ice gain/loss. Ergo, the latest reading shows a new required average daily drop of -71.660.
Special thanks to JCG and Gerontocrat for their daily updates. As my chart has no true value regarding projection, I will likely only post weekly or even biweekly to avoid cluttering up this thread. And, if people feel that this is more appropriate for the Meaningless Thread, I can move it there instead.
Hope you all enjoy.
Edit: Updated calculations to actually be correct. Added Required Drop Tomorrow to be on Pace which shows us how far behind we are lagging the necessary drop to match the initial average daily loss. If we lose -558,125k km^2 tomorrow, we will be back on pace for a BOE!
Edit 2: Are we on pace? Nope.
Antarctica / Re: Sea Ice Extent around Antarctica
Jan 13th sea ice concentration from 2016-2019
Casual correction: an artifact is something Indiana Jones finds. Artefact is an artificial product or effect observed in a natural system, especially one introduced by the technology used in scientific investigation or by experimental error.
Consequences / Re: Oceanic anoxia
Edit: self moderated to another thread
Greenland and Arctic Circle / Re: Greenland 2018 melt season
Tired of waiting for GRACE-FO, so I emailed them. Received the following results.
Is there an estimated date for when GRACE FO will complete scientific testing and begin to relay data?
Which was followed by:
We're a bit delayed with an issue, but we hope to have science data soon.
You can read the latest here: https://gracefo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/139/grace-fo-satellite-switching-to-backup-instrument-processing-unit/
Kristen Walbolt
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory
No hard date given, only a soft "soon"
If this is even remotely correct we are in for trouble
Greenland and Arctic Circle / Re: Helheim Gletscher / Fernisgletscher / South East Greenland
Helheim just calved a 10 billion ton iceberg.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2018/07/glacier-ice-collapse-greenland/


text:
How to Track a Cell Phone Location for Free | Guide to Track a Cell Phone
How to Track a Cell Phone Location for Free with the Number
Written by Niel Patel Jan 10 · 3 min read >
How to Track Down Anyone Online
People's search engines (also known as public information search engines) aid in the discovery of any public information on the internet. This application allows users to locate childhood friends and relatives based just on their names. However, many people are still perplexed by this service.
That's why we decided to publish an article about the fundamentals of dating and offer everything you need to know. Today, you'll learn what people's search engines are and how to utilize them effectively.
We'll also provide an easy-to-follow guide on how to use these services. So, let's get this party started.
1. Find Anyone Information
A tool, service, or platform that allows you to search for general information online is known as a public information Finder. This service is typically provided by online platforms with a large database of this information. It displays the information you want in the same way that a traditional search engine does.
The fundamental distinction between a people search engine and a conventional search engine is that the data offered by the former is more dependable and accurate than that provided by the latter.
Furthermore, a people's search engine does not provide relevant links for locating information. Instead, it generates a report by compiling key data from millions of websites and making it easy to locate that information.
That is why these services are becoming increasingly popular. They are also far more dependable, as the information obtained through these platforms can be easily trusted.
2: NumLooker
All of the People Search Engines' Google is NumLooker. It allows users to conduct a single search to obtain information about any individual. Find current location by phone number with NumLooker To learn everything there is to know about someone, all you need is their first and last name. This tool will search billions of web pages for you in order to locate this information.
You won't even have to navigate through many websites to locate the information, as we indicated previously. You must open the final report and look for news in the various sections. The words are grouped into three categories for your convenience: basic information, educational qualifications, and criminal records.
Top 10 Cheapest 5G Phones in USA and UK to Buy This Month
There are other features in the software, like reverse phone lookup, address lookup, and background search. You may take advantage of all of these features without having to register on the platform. As a result, there is no better program for finding someone online than NumLooker.
3. What Is NumLooker and How Do I Use It?
On this platform, there isn't much to figure out. To begin using its services, simply go to its website and select the People Search option. Following that, it will ask you to enter the first and last name of the individual whose information you require.
There is an optional space where you can enter the person's city or area name. It aids in the elimination of all profiles with similar names and speeds up the procedure.
When you beat the search key, it will begin scanning its database for information. It will prepare a report for you after locating the news.
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Open the report and seek the information you need. The procedure for using the platform's other services is similar to this one. As a result, you may immediately take advantage of all of this website's features without having to worry about the lengthy process.
4. The following services are available to you:
Here are several services that you can use.
Phone Lookup: Opposite Phone Lookup is a service that allows you to locate the owner of a phone number's information. How to find someone's name by phone number? This tool will help you locate someone if all you have is their phone number. After entering the number, select this tool from the homepage and click the Start Search button. It will display all of the information about that connection.
Address Lookup: This tool is used to look for public information about a specific address. It assists in conducting background research on a property prior to purchasing or selling it. The address lookup report can provide the property's total dimensions as well as its average value. As a result, knowing about it is also beneficial.
Email Lookup: This tool will assist you in locating someone who has an email address. Enter any email address to learn more about the owner of that account. You can also obtain some other details about that email address.
Background Check: Hiring organizations use this tool to determine whether or not a candidate has a criminal record. For your own safety, you can use it to do a background check on your child's tutor, babysitter, and neighbors.
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5. Is Using These Tools Illegal?
Obtaining someone's information appears to be a criminal act. However, you do not need to be concerned about it because all of the information is publicly available. As a result, as long as you don't misuse the information, you can access it without fear of legal repercussions.
This data has a high level of privacy, making it nearly impossible to follow your activities. However, we encourage reading through the platform's privacy regulations to discover more about how it operates.
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You can also get in touch with its customer service to discover more about the solution.
10 Best Free Online Tools to Track a Cell Phone Location 2022
Numlooker
FamiSafe Location Tracking
Where's My Droid
Geo-Tracker
Glympse
Phone Tracker for iPhones (tracking people with GPS)
Find My Friends
Family locator – GPS tracker
It sounds like finding someone is a lot of work. You, on the other hand, do not need to be concerned about this. People's search engines make it simple to locate anyone using only the most basic information.
You can use the above tool to look up someone by name, phone number, email address, or even the physical address of a home they once owned. You may also utilize its People Search tool to look up anyone by their name.
As a result, begin your search today to locate long-lost friends and family members.
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Up Next: Top 5 Tech Trends To Fuel The Green Economy | Importance of Green Economy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Titus Flavius Vithannus war ein im 3. Jahrhundert n. Chr. lebender Angehöriger der römischen Armee.

Durch eine Inschrift, die in Lugudunum gefunden wurde, ist belegt, dass Vithannus Veteran der Legio XXX Ulpia Victrix war. Der Grabstein wurde ihm von den Erben errichtet und unter der Ascia geweiht. Die Erben waren der Veteran Ulpius Verus aus derselben Legion, die Freigelassene und Ehefrau Vithannia Nice sowie Verecundinia Donata.

Die Inschrift wird in der Epigraphik-Datenbank Clauss-Slaby in die erste Hälfte des 3. Jahrhunderts datiert, bei Marcus Reuter auf nach 197.

Siehe auch
 Liste von Angehörigen der Legio XXX Ulpia Victrix

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Veteranus (Legio XXX Ulpia Victrix)
Römer
Mann
Geboren im 2. Jahrhundert
Gestorben im 3. Jahrhundert

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The global Conductive Silicone Rubber Market size is expected to value at USD 6.85 billion by 2022. The market is subject to witness a substantial growth due to the growing demand for various application such as lighting and electrical wiring applications. Additionally, increasing adoption of conductive silicone rubber for anti-static packaging to limit dust accumulation during electric charge is anticipated to boost the market growth over next seven years.
Growing number of application in automotive sector coupled with increasing demand from Asia Pacific region are expected to drive the growth of conductive silicone rubber industry in the upcoming years. Globally, the conductive silicone rubber market is predicted to grow at CAGR of 7.1% in the forecast period, providing numerous opportunities for market players to invest for research and development in the market.
Other factors that are responsible for sustained growth of conductive silicone rubber industry include shifting trend towards adoption of lightweight automobile parts and lower emission rate. Use of lightweight automobile parts enhances fuel efficiency of the vehicle thus driving market demand for conductive silicone rubber. In addition, conductive silicone rubber is increasingly used in production of plastic and rubber modifiers owing to its superior anti-wear and anti-blocking properties. Robust growth of automotive industry and rapid industrialization, particularly in developing economies across the globe such as India, Brazil, China, and South Africa are projected to foster market expansion over the next seven years.
Moreover, favorable government policies coupled with higher approval rate from various local and international authorities such as FDI are likely to propel market demand for conductive silicone rubber over the forecast period. Rise in number of the free trade agreements, and massive increase in import & export activities in Asia Pacific & North America region are bolstering market expansion, in the last few years. Increasing adoption of conductive silicone rubber for production of rings, seals, gaskets, and coupling materials in packaging and oil & gas industries are predicted to augment market value for the product.
Growing user awareness associated with the use of bio-based chemicals and their numerous advantages over the synthetic products are positively affecting market performance of conductive silicone rubber, in the recent years. However, volatility in the cost of raw materials and lack of availability are major challenges for industry expansion over the forecast period.
The conductive silicone rubber market is broadly categorized into three major segments based on the application type such as automotive & transportation, electrical & electronics, and industrial machines. The automotive & transportation is considered as one of the fastest growing segment in the conductive silicone rubber industry with substantial revenue generation in the last few years. Growing popularity of conductive silicone rubber in the automotive & transportation segment is attributed to the growing demand for lightweight automobile parts. The electrical & electronics segment has also witnessed substantial growth owing to the increasing use as adhesives, sealants, and in coatings of wires & cables due to its anti-static packaging properties.
The conductive silicone rubber market is divided by region as North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America and Africa. North America has shown major growth in recent years owing to the rise in the implementation of latest technologies in automotive & electrical industry, and existence of well-established manufacturing infrastructure in the region.
Asia-Pacific region is predicted to hold major market share in the conductive silicone rubber with massive growth in forecast period. Countries such as India, China and Singapore are leading the Asia-Pacific market with strong economic growth in the region, rapid industrialization, and significant investment by leading industry players considering potential growth opportunities in the region.
The key players in the conductive silicone rubber industry are Wacker Co., Shin Etsu Pvt., Ltd., Momentive, Inc., Dow Corning, Inc., Saint-Gobain, Inc., China National BlueStar (Group) Co., Ltd., Western Rubber & Supply Ltd., KCC Co., Mesgo S.p.A, Jan Huei Industry Co., Ltd., and Reiss Manufacturing, Inc.


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text:
Jim Irsay Won't Apologize, Says He Often Carries Briefcases Full Of Cash
Filed to:jim irsay
Jim Irsay has spoken publicly for the first time since his OUI arrest, when he was pulled over with numerous pill bottles and $29,000 in cash in a metal briefcase. Irsay sat down for an interview with the Indianapolis Star's Bob Kravitz, and the result is exactly the kind of soft-pedaled interview that every embattled rich guy looks to begin his redemption narrative with.
(We'll pause here to note that Kravitz has previously been very sympathetic to Irsay, and admitted to not writing about Irsay's addiction problems in the past despite having a pretty good idea of what was going on. All in the game.)
Irsay doesn't say anything too revelatory here, but there is one particularly strange moment:
He did, however, shed some light on some other subjects.
Like the 29 grand he had in his vehicle when he was arrested. Fact is, Irsay said, it's not unusual for him to have that kind of cash. Unafraid of making the point, he showed me a briefcase on his desk. When he opened it, I saw stacks and stacks of $100 bills.
"I don't know why that was leaked to the press or what it had to do with anything," he said. "You're talking about someone who is extremely generous, and I say that humbly. That's the way I try to live my life and it has nothing to do with the law. What's been reported out there, there's been a sensationalizing about things that have nothing to do with the law. It shouldn't be an issue."
Somehow, Kravtiz lets that explanation stand on its own, choosing not to push Irsay into a more thorough explanation of how the hell he expects to believe that he's just always walking around with suitcases full of cash on him.
There is also this:
I asked him if he felt he needed to apologize, to Colts fans, to the league, to anybody.
"I don't think that's something I'll address right now," he said. "There are certain things I want to say that I can't say. We need to let the process go forward and I'll address that later. I'm a human being; if there's something I have to apologize for, I would, but at this point, it wouldn't be appropriate. It sets me up, like if you don't say you're sorry, then why aren't you saying your sorry, and if you say you're sorry, then you must have done something wrong."
Just so we're all clear, Jim Irsay definitely did something wrong when he got behind the wheel of a car while high as balls on oxycodone and/or hydrocodone.
[Indy Star]


Arthur Schopenhaer's book collection. Photograph: Patrick Lakey.
"Still, I think there is something right in Schopenhauer's dismal conception of our relationship with our ends, and that it can illuminate the darkness of midlife. Taking up new projects, after all, simply obscures the problem. When you aim at a future goal, satisfaction is deferred: success has yet to come. But the moment you succeed, your achievement is in the past. Meanwhile, your engagement with projects subverts itself. In pursuing a goal, you either fail or, in succeeding, end its power to guide your life. No doubt you can formulate other plans. The problem is not that you will run out of projects (the aimless state of Schopenhauer's boredom), it's that your way of engaging with the ones that matter most to you is by trying to complete them and thus expel them from your life. When you pursue a goal, you exhaust your interaction with something good, as if you were to make friends for the sake of saying goodbye.


text:
Institute for Veterans and Military Families (IVMF) Receives Second Motorola Solutions Foundation Gr...
Institute for Veterans and Military Families (IVMF) Receives Second Motorola Solutions Foundation Grant
The Institute for Veterans and Military Families (IVMF) announced today a second grant of $20,000 from the Motorola Solutions Foundation, the charitable arm of Motorola Solutions, Inc. The IVMF was first awarded the grant in 2017 in support the organization's STEM curriculum – science, technology, engineering, and math – in its national career preparedness training program, Onward to Opportunity (O2O). Offered on 16 military installations and online, O2O provides career training, professional certifications and job placement support nearly 200,000 transitioning service members, Guard members, Reservists, veterans and military spouses every year.
"Support from leading foundations like Motorola is critical to our mission of ensuring successful post-transition careers to veterans, service members and their families," said Dr. Mike Haynie, Vice Chancellor for Strategic Initiatives and Innovation at Syracuse University and Executive Director of the IVMF. "With the high demand for STEM training, this grant goes a long way to serve our military and veteran population in pursuit of IT, cybersecurity and programming careers as well as the in-demand data analytics career path."
Motorola Solutions Foundation awards grants annually to organizations that support and advance public safety programs, technology, and engineering education initiatives. This year alone, grants will support programs for more than 2 million students, teachers, first responders, and community members across the United States. Programs will support special populations including females, underrepresented minorities, the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community, people with disabilities, and veterans.
"As a leading technology company that promotes the safety of communities worldwide, we are proud to support the IVMF and O2O's efforts to educate tomorrow's technology professionals as well as enlighten civilians and first responders on today's safety needs," said Matt Blakely, executive director of the Motorola Solutions Foundation.
About Motorola Solutions Foundation
The Motorola Solutions Foundation is the charitable and philanthropic arm of Motorola Solutions. With employees located around the globe, Motorola Solutions seeks to benefit the communities where it operates. The foundation achieves this by making strategic grants, forging strong community partnerships and fostering innovation. The Motorola Solutions Foundation focuses its funding on public safety, disaster relief, employee programs and education, especially in science, technology, engineering and math. For more information on Motorola Solutions Corporate and Foundation giving, visit our website: www.motorolasolutions.com/foundation.


What is Ark in the Park?
Who is behind Ark in the Park?
Help the Ark from your home!
In February 2013, Gillian Wadams began as the Ark Project Manager. Gillian has a background in planning, biosecurity and project management. She has previously volunteered on a variety of conservation initiatives.
Gillian has a Bachelor of Science in Ecology from Otago University.
Mail: Ark in the Park Project Manager, PO Box 108 055, Symonds Street, Auckland 1150.


A global travel search site, Skyscanner, predict a number of regions in Indonesia, which will begin to be a popular Indonesia tourist destination in 2014.
Based on data from Skyscanner is known that there are ten local regions that will be popular in 2014, they are Labuan Bajo (178 percent), Belitung (137 percent), Pontianak (44 percent), London (32 percent), Malang (25 percent), Pangkal Pinang (23 percent), Mataram (23 percent), Bali, Tarakan and Bandar Lampung.
Skyscanner stated that domestic tourism will continue to grow, especially on weekend. This is in line with a rigorous effort by the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy to promote domestic travel, which includes the construction of new airports and luxury hotels as supporting facilities.
Preparation of events such as APEC Summit in Bali last October to make progress in the development of infrastructure that provides better connections for domestic travelers to local tourist destinations are worth a visit.
Public leave policy from the government and the provision of additional holidays encourage domestic tourism.


text:
Bucculatrix cristatella — вид лускокрилих комах родини кривовусих крихіток-молей (Bucculatricidae).

Поширення
Вид поширений на більшій частині Європи, за винятком Піренейського та Балканського півострова. Присутній у фауні України.

Опис
Розмах крил 7 мм.

Спосіб життя
Імаго літають з травня по червень і вдруге з липня по серпень. Є два покоління на рік. Личинки молодшого віку мінують листя Achillea millefolium, Anthemis tinctoria, Chrysanthemum та Leucanthemopsis alpina. Гусениці старшого віку живуть вільно.

Примітки

Посилання
 Plant Parasites of Europe
 UKmoths
  Images representing Bucculatrix cristatella at Consortium for the Barcode of Life

Кривовусі крихітки-молі
Тварини, описані 1839
Метелики України
Комахи Європи


The IRS has issued updated guidance (Rev. Proc. 2015-41) on requesting and obtaining an advance pricing agreement (APA), modifying somewhat its proposed revenue procedure published in Notice 2013-79. The IRS released Rev. Proc. 2015-41 in conjunction with Rev. Proc. 2015-40, which provides guidance on the process for requesting assistance from the U.S. competent authority under the provisions of U.S. tax treaties.
Notice 2013-79 proposed updates to Rev. Proc. 2006-9 and Rev. Proc. 2008-31 and was issued in the wake of the creation of the IRS's Advance Pricing Mutual Agreement program (APMA) in February 2012. The APMA program merged what had been two separate groups responsible for the administration of APAs and mutual agreement procedures (also referred to as competent authority or double-taxation relief), implementing a team approach to developing the IRS's position on bilateral APA requests, negotiating with treaty partners, and finalizing APAs with taxpayers. The APMA handles both APAs and mutual agreement procedure (MAP) requests.
In issuing Notice 2013-79, the IRS requested comments on the proposed revenue procedure.
Rev. Proc. 2015-41 clarifies that if the APMA requires a taxpayer to expand the proposed scope of its APA request to cover certain interrelated matters, the "APMA will do so with due regard to considerations of principled, effective, and efficient tax administration and only after considering the views of the taxpayer and the applicable foreign competent authority" and will relay to the taxpayer any concerns about the interrelated matters and possible scope expansion (see Rev. Proc. 2015-41, §2.02(4)).
The new procedure provides that rollback years may be formally covered within an APA and will be included, following coordination and collaboration between the APMA and other IRS offices, if either requested by the taxpayer or required by the APMA (see Rev. Proc. 2015-41, §§2.02(4)(c), 3.03(2), 3.08, and 5.02).
Guidance has been expanded regarding when an APA request will be considered complete (see Rev. Proc. 2015-41, §3.03(3)).
The appendix of the proposed revenue procedure, specifying what must be included in APA requests, has been refined, but the requirements have generally been retained.
Regarding the requirement that taxpayers execute consent agreements to extend the period of limitation for assessment for each year of a proposed APA term, Rev. Proc. 2015-41 states that APMA will coordinate and collaborate with other IRS offices and with the taxpayer regarding the type of consent that must be executed (see Rev. Proc. 2015-41, §2.03(3)).
User fees for APA requests have been increased from a base fee of $50,000 to $60,000, although total user fees may be reduced if a controlled group submits multiple APA requests within a 60-day period (see Rev. Proc. 2015-41, Appendix, §3.03(2)).
Rev. Proc. 2015-41 became effective when published in the Federal Register on Aug. 31, 2015. This revenue procedure applies to all APA requests filed under it. A taxpayer may instead file an APA request after Aug. 31, 2015, under Rev. Proc. 2006-9, but only if the taxpayer files a substantially complete APA request under Rev. Proc. 2006-9 no later than Dec. 29, 2015. APA requests filed on or before Dec. 29, 2015, should clearly state under which revenue procedure they are filed.
Taxpayers and practitioners have been eagerly anticipating updated guidance on how to pursue APAs since the formation of APMA in 2012. The IRS took the unusual step in 2013 of providing proposed updates to these revenue procedures. Because APAs have a role in sound tax administration and are initiated at the option of taxpayers, the Service thought it was critical to have user input into the process of revising this guidance. That process is reflected in the new procedures.
Although the new guidance does not respond to all taxpayer comments, it is a marginal improvement over Notice 2013-79.
This is the longest and most detailed revenue procedure for APAs. Rev. Proc. 2006-09 was a comparatively slim 38 pages, while the new guidance weighs in at a hefty 81 pages. Many of the additional pages provide detailed instructions on preparing and filing an APA request.
In general, these new details demonstrate the IRS's belief that it needs to have input into a taxpayer's decision on the proposed covered transactions. The Service seems to be saying that taxpayers may no longer narrowly scope proposed covered transactions (called "covered issues" in the procedure), so that the Service may realize sound tax administration and reflect its interests as well. This new procedure includes language that is more balanced than in Notice 2013-79.
The user fees have been increased, but not dramatically, and reflect the Service's view that taxpayers should pay the full cost of an APA. After publication of the revenue procedure, an IRS official stated that the $60,000 base fee covers only 54% of the total costs of an APA. The IRS has announced that it plans further user fee increases and that by 2020 the user fee will be nearly $100,000. Users of the APA program would like to have seen provisions that the user fee be allocated to APMA to cover its travel costs so it could more efficiently and effectively conduct the necessary due diligence and, in the case of bilateral APAs, conduct negotiations with their foreign counterparts, but the Service is unable to allocate user fees solely for APMA's use.
Further consideration needs to be given to the provisions allowing the IRS to terminate the APA process or an executed APA without taxpayers' being able to appeal this decision. These provisions allow for some inherently subjective determinations that could negatively affect taxpayers. Rev. Proc. 2015-41 makes clear that this decision is at the discretion of the Service and APMA and is not subject to appeal or review.
The IRS also has broad discretion in the rollback of an APA to prior open years. Historically, the decision to request a rollback has rested solely with the taxpayer. Under the new revenue procedure, in the interest of "efficient tax administration," the Service can require a taxpayer to accept a rollback as a condition of accepting its APA request.
Rev. Proc. 2015-41 increases the amount and type of information to be included in an APA request and standardizes the look and feel of an APA request. The hope is that these requirements will enable APMA to more efficiently perform its due-diligence function.
The APA program remains very popular and heavily used by taxpayers seeking to reduce uncertainty or resolve disputes with foreign revenue agencies. APAs are likely to continue to be a key strategy for taxpayers to manage and resolve tax and transfer-pricing risk as more countries adopt and pursue strategies emerging from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's base erosion and profit-shifting initiative.
A version of this item appeared in an EY Global Tax Alert.


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Daughter still seeking justice for mother, Jennifer Hillier Penney
Glen Whiffen | Posted: Nov. 12, 2021, 7:50 p.m. | Updated: Nov. 12, 2021, 10:40 p.m. | 12 Min Read
Jennifer Hillier Penney (left) and her daughter, Marina, sitting together at the beach in better times. Next month will mark five years since Jennifer's disappearance, and Marina is seeking justice for her mother, whom she believes was abducted and murdered. - Contributed
STORY CONTINUES BELOW THESE SALTWIRE VIDEOS
First in a two-part series
Time is not something that makes things easier for the family and friends of missing person Jennifer Hillier Penney of St. Anthony.
Time without resolution is like an instrument of torture — keeping the wounds in their hearts wide open.
It deepens as the days tick away to the fifth anniversary of her disappearance at the end of November.
"Disappearance" is a subtle way to put it.
"Unsolved murder" is the real thought on their minds.
One of the many posters around the St. Anthony area since Jennifer Hillier Penney's disappearance in November 2016. - Contributed
Family torn apart
Jennifer's daughter, Marina Goodyear, says her mother's sudden disappearance becomes harder with each year, and she struggles to live her own life.
The family she knew, torn apart.
All ties with her father, Dean Penney, cut off.
The relationship with her only sister, Deana, strained.
Family life had been good when she was growing up, Marina says.
"I feel like for the first three years (after her mother's disappearance), I was just stuck in this constant need almost to be strong, and to be a fighter. And then, last year, I had a really, really hard winter because I feel like everything just caught up to me. Like the weight of it all just got so much heavier," says Marina.
"And I find now hope is diminishing, and that makes everything more depressing."
Marina Goodyear, daughter of missing person Jennifer Hillier Penney of St. Anthony, said the person she feels is responsible for her mother's death will never admit to it, and she is hoping some new information is found to move the case forward. - Contributed
Now 26 years old, Marina is "desperate" for a new chapter.
"I want this to be over. I want justice. I want my mom to be at peace. I want us all to be at peace and it is something that none of us are able to have while everything is in limbo as it is."
Jennifer Hillier Penney is described by family and friends as a kind, nurturing and devoted mother.
A woman liked by everyone.
She was supportive to those who needed help, offering advice and kindness, fun to be around, and protective of her children.
On the evening of Nov. 30, 2016, Jennifer, then 38, went missing.
A few days later, the RCMP announced that they deemed her disappearance suspicious.
The investigation continues to this day.
One of the many marches in St. Anthony held to remember Jennifer Hillier Penney and demand justice in her case. - Contributed
Disappeared
On the night Jennifer went missing, she had been staying at the house of her estranged husband, Dean Penney, on Husky Drive in St. Anthony with daughter Deana because Dean had been away on a duck hunting trip that week at his cabin in Northwest Arm, about a 45-minute drive away.
After Jennifer and Dean separated, Jennifer moved into her father's home in nearby St. Lunaire-Griquet. She was planning to move away from the area soon to start a new life.
Deana stayed with her father during the weekdays because it was close to her school.
Deana was out with friends that evening and Jennifer told her she was going to lie down because she had a headache, and to call her when she needed to be picked up.
But Deana came home past her curfew of 9:30 p.m. and crept into the house so her mother wouldn't be aware she was late. She went to her bedroom without seeing her mother that night.
The next morning, after hearing Jennifer's phone alarm going off continuously, Deana searched the house and could not find her mother.
Along with Jennifer's cellphone, her purse, shoes and jacket were still there.
Her vehicle, with the keys in the ignition, sat in the driveway.
There was no sign of a struggle.
Family members, including Dean, were notified and came to the house that morning, along with the RCMP.
Family and friends say they told the police that day that Jennifer didn't run away or commit suicide. They believed she was taken … and they told police who they thought had done it.
They say they don't believe their views were taken seriously.
"In my opinion, when the cops went down there and assessed the situation, they sat back with their feet up on tables for a bit because they either thought that my mom actually ran away for a girls' week or something, and once she realized the province was looking for her, she was going to turn up and be like, 'Oh God, sorry for all the inconvenience,' or they were expecting to find a suicide note or a body because they thought she killed herself," Marina said.
Jennifer Hillier-Penney holds her mother's hand in hospital. Her mother died Oct. 6, 2016. Jennifer went missing weeks later, on Nov. 30, 2016. - Contributed
Marina alleges that her mother feared her father.
But Jennifer did not file any complaints with police against Dean Penney prior to her disappearance.
Friends say that's because she was trying to keep things civil for her children.
Vicki Burden, Jennifer's first cousin and best friend, told SaltWire Network for a previous story that Jennifer did live in fear that something was going to happen to her.
"The morning of Dec. 1 when I heard, I knew automatically she hadn't run off or that she had done anything like commit suicide," Burden said. "I know somebody took Jennifer. She did not go on her own.
"What I think is that Jennifer went home that night and somebody went into that house and forced her to leave, or incapacitated her and took her — likely the latter. Because if somebody forced her, she would have put up a fight."
Glen Hillier, brother of missing person Jennifer Hillier Penney, says it gets harder each year that the case remains unsolved. - SaltWire Network File Photo
Gina Elliott, another of Jennifer's good friends, told SaltWire Network previously that Jennifer was looking to the future. Elliott said she spoke to Jennifer almost every day and would have known if Jennifer was thinking of running off or was feeling suicidal.
"I know she did not harm herself, kill herself, commit suicide. That didn't happen," Elliott said. "I knew enough about Jennifer to know the difference. ... She would have called me if she was having a rough day, a rough moment. But I'm telling you, she would not have done that to her dad and them two girls. She loved them too much. ... That wouldn't have happened."
Marina said her mother's friends told police of the previous conversations, and text messaging, they had with Jennifer about the fear she was feeling and of whom she was afraid.
"I think (police) just felt like people were over-exaggerating."
Jennifer Hillier Penney. — RCMP handout photo - Contributed
It continued like that for days, Marina recalls.
"And then, about a week in … it was going on five or six days when they caught on themselves, a light bulb went off … and he was already lawyered up."
Dean Penney has always denied having anything to do with Jennifer's disappearance. He has not been named a suspect by the RCMP and has never been charged with anything related to the case.
He told SaltWire Network in June 2017 that he is aware some people are pointing the finger of blame at him. Now he is not talking to media.
His current legal advice is not to speak to SaltWire Network, or any other media, about Jennifer's case.
At his home on Husky Drive in St. Anthony in June 2017, Penney said he couldn't say much about the case.
"Right now I can't comment on anything," he said at the time.
"It's a hard go of it. We've been taking it pretty hard, me and my daughters. I'd love to be able to help, but right now I can't say anything."
His lawyer, Bob Simmonds, in response to a recent request for comment, said they are aware a large segment of the population in the St. Anthony area, and elsewhere, think Dean Penney is guilty in relation to Jennifer's disappearance.
He notes, however, there have been high-profile wrongful conviction cases throughout Canada, and in the province, where public opinion also thought the person guilty, but the person was later cleared.
Of note in the province are the high-profile wrongful conviction cases of Gregory Parsons, Ronald Dalton and Randy Druken.
"There's nothing (Dean Penney) could say that will shift public opinion," Simmonds said.
"He continues with his life. Obviously, this has been hard on him, how can it not be? And he hopes that the police are able to determine what really happened to her. So, if it never gets resolved, he'll always wear this label (in the court of public opinion) of being convicted without ever going to court."
One of many posters looking for information on missing person Jennifer Hillier Penney. She went missing from the home of her estranged husband, Dean Penney, in St. Anthony on Nov. 30, 2016. - Contributed
'We haven't seen any activity in years'
As time passes, the thought of the case never being resolved hits Jennifer's brother, Glen Hillier, hard. Their father died a couple of years ago and Glen says their father's dying wish was that Jennifer be found and the person responsible punished.
"I fear we are soon going to be told it's a cold case. That's my thoughts. That's what I'm worried about. That's the way I feel because we haven't seen any activity in years and it don't seem like we are any further ahead than we were five years ago. I'm hoping I'm wrong," Glen said.
"If we do get something now it's going to be a fluke. (The police) don't come in here, don't press anybody. Someone is going to have to stumble upon her or something. This time every year, I hope we get something, because there are a lot of people berry picking and moose hunting and stuff, and I just hope someone comes across something."
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Jennifer Hillier-Penney remembered three years since she disappeared from St. Anthony
Updated Dec. 6, 2019 |4 min read
'I shed a tear everyday when I think about what happened': Jennifer Hillier-Penney's daughter
Updated Nov. 30, 2017 |4 min read
A Town On Edge: Mother confident of son's innocence in Jennifer Hillier-Penney's disappearance
Updated Oct. 22, 2018 |5 min read
A Town On Edge: St. Anthony's Jennifer Hillier-Penney, 38, missing since Nov. 30, 2016
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text:
Q: JS Promise and event loop execution I'm new in javascript, coming from firmware / embedded system / RTOS background. I don't understand the concept of the context switching for JS promise.
For this script:
setTimeout(() => { console.log("Hello"); }, 3000);

I can understand that the callback is registered in event loop task, the script continues until finish and exit. The the event loop run and executes any task / callback that is due.
For this script:
var pr = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
    setTimeout(() => { resolve() }, 3000);
});
pr().then(() => {
    console.log("Hello");
});

Does it mean that the script will run pr(), exit the script, run the event loop. Once event loop executes the callback (calling resolve()), the JS will switch context to the script again, and run anything inside then() clause ?
Or the script will run until finish, but the then() clause is registered as callback in event queue when resolve() is called. Then the event queue will execute the then() clause ?
Thank you for your help

A: The second, rather. Promises are just an abstraction atop callbacks, there's no magic going on here.
The script runs until completion, creating the promise and calling setTimeout (which installs its callback on the timer) and calling then (which installs its callback on the promise). Then the event loop will advance and run timeout callback, which calls resolve which in turn leads to the promise callback to be executed.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The service from IntercontinentalExchange provides data about market transactions and trends from global markets in commodity futures contracts, over-the-counter (OTC) stock issues, and derivative securities such as option contracts. It reports on market transactions and clearinghouse exchanges from North America, Europe, and countries in other regions. It sets benchmark values and calculates indexes in many industries (e.g., energy and agriculture) as well as foreign exchange (forex) markets and equities. API methods support placement and routing of orders for securities transactions and retrieval of transaction and research data reflecting the trading history of securities and markets. Methods also support post-trade processing to complete transactions in conformance with legal and other requirements.


Welcome to the Official Site for the Town of Atikokan 2018 Municipal Election.
Candidates have until December 31, 2018 to submit their campaign financial statements to the Clerk. Statements will be uploaded here as they are submitted.
This site is written and maintained by the Clerk's Department and is the official website providing municipal election information for Atikokan's candidates and voters. Our site will continue to develop as new information becomes available. For any questions or concerns, please contact the Clerk's Department.


text:
Dintojra – nazwa sądu rabinackiego wydającego orzeczenia w sprawach cywilnych Żydów w ramach autonomii gmin żydowskich w diasporze.

Nazwa pochodzi z języka hebrajskiego, gdzie słowo din oznacza sąd, a słowo tora prawo. W późniejszym czasie nazwa została przejęta przez środowisko przestępcze, w którego żargonie oznacza krwawą rozprawę wyrównującą rachunki.

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Judaizm
Historia prawa procesowego


text:
All three McCartney albums to be reissued in box sets
Friday 17 June 2022 Paul McCartney No Comments
Paul McCartney's self-titled solo albums McCartney (1970), McCartney II (1980), and McCartney III (2020), are to be reissued in three limited edition box sets on 5 August 2022.
There will be standard black vinyl and compact disc editions, plus a coloured vinyl option. The artwork for the McCartney I II III box set is by Ed Ruscha, who did the same for McCartney III.
The triple CD box set will cost $40/£40, while the coloured and black vinyl boxes will cost $100/£105 and $90/£95 respectively.
Written, performed, and produced entirely by Paul McCartney, his three eponymous career-spanning solo albums (1970's McCartney, 1980's McCartney II, and 2020's McCartney III) will now be packaged together and available in one special boxset for the first time.
McCartney I II III box set will be available in three different formats – Limited Edition Colour Vinyl, Black Vinyl Edition, and CD – each including three special photo prints with notes from Paul about each album. The newly created boxset cover art and typography for the slipcase are by Ed Ruscha.
Bookending 50 years of unparalleled work, each album demonstrates Paul McCartney's restless creativity and adventurous artistic spirit. McCartney, the Number One Album was Paul's first solo album released in 1970 and features timeless tracks "Every Night" and "Junk," along with the immortal classic "Maybe I'm Amazed." This album saw a global music superstar pioneer a novel homespun approach to recording that would, in time, become a sought-after sound and the highly influential precursor to the "lo-fi" alternative genre.
Just as McCartney marked the end of an era with Paul's first release after leaving the biggest band in history, Paul did it again in 1980, this time signaling the end of 70s rock giants Wings. Taking a fresh approach to things, Paul wrote, performed, and produced the avant-garde masterpiece McCartney II, which reached Number One in the UK, and Number 3 in the US, producing such classics as "Coming Up," "Waterfalls," and "Temporary Secretary."
With McCartney III Paul went back to basics again to create some of his most revealing work to date. Released in December 2020, just two years after Paul's Billboard-topping Egypt Station album, "Rockdown," saw Paul turn unexpected time on his hands into an opportunity to get into the studio on his own. An intimate and loose record featuring "Find My Way" and the now live favorite "Women and Wives," McCartney III features Paul's melodic gift at its forefront throughout. Upon release, McCartney III charted at Number One on the UK's Official Album Charts and Number One on Billboard's Top Album Sales Chart.
In an unrivaled career, Paul has always been willing to take risks and have fun along the way – his musical projects have included classical albums, electronic albums, ballet scores, writing for video games, and left-field collaborations — along the way, breaking chart records, box office records, winning countless awards and remaining one of the world's most influential and revered artists of all time. McCartney, McCartney II, and McCartney III captured and documented landmark moments of his singular career, each offering a personal snapshot of a unique artist at a particular moment in time.
McCartney I II III box set will be released on the following formats:
Limited Edition Colour Vinyl
Three-disc 180g audiophile vinyl set (McCartney – clear, McCartney II – white, and McCartney III – creamy white vinyl)
Three x 8 x 10" photo prints with introductions from Paul
Limited Edition Black Vinyl Edition
180g audiophile vinyl set
Limited Edition three-disc set.
Three photo prints with introductions from Paul
Paul McCartney live: MetLife Stadium, East Rutherford, New Jersey
Tributes paid to Paul McCartney on his 80th birthday
Also on this day...
2021: The Beatles: Get Back to stream on Disney+ in November
2014: Ringo Starr live: Beacon Theatre, New York
1966: Recording, mixing: Here, There And Everywhere, Got To Get You Into My Life
1966: Paul McCartney purchases High Park Farm in Kintyre, Scotland
1965: Recording, mixing: Yesterday, Act Naturally, Wait
1964: Live: Festival Hall, Melbourne
1963: Radio: Pop Go The Beatles
1961: Live: Top Ten Club, Hamburg
By Richard, 14 minutes ago
By vonbontee, 34 minutes ago


-Stopped at Jerry's Lots of wine.
-Windy, mostly cloudy. Big waves on the gulf. birds grounded.
-Golfed 18 holes, teed off at 1 finished by 4pm. Really windy, sun started to peak out. Nick and Michael helped us.
–Sailed about 5mph North, into a North wind.
–I used a new open-cockpit style kayak, green. Better. Loon by Old Town.
Bald Eagle on the far side of Buck Key.
-Golf from 3-5. A little crowded. Really good kid played through us.
-Clear, Warmer, Got up before light.
–Surprised by a manatee right at the marina, cool!
We launched from the usual spot at Tween Waters Inn Marina and paddled a course counterclockwise around Buck Key.
right in front of us. Then we paddled down the length of Roosevelt Channel and heading North along the far side of Buck Key.
The water was a little choppy. The first big patch of birds were Ibis and Little Blue Herons sitting together.
Osprey. Really cool. We then made our way upto the Mangrove Trail, we worked our way through it and headed back.
At the marina, a manatee swam right up to me, cool! It was a great day on the water!
-United flight 1189 7:45am to 11:34am, upgraded. All on time.
-1663. Thanks to Bill for helping us.
-1661 and ours are tied together through the back doors. Worked out really well for us.
-Late dinner at Lazy Flamingo. Watched Cubs game.
–Go Cubs Go! Fly The W!


text:
Tibesti er et af de fire departementer, som udgør regionen Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti i Tchad.
Departementet har sit fra bjergkæden Tibesti.

Tchads departementer


Are you ready for a spill?
Secondary containment is the industry best practice for managing and preventing reportable spills. Heavy gauge steel containment pan is designed to contain 120% of Parts Washer reservoir volume. The Spill Containment Pan meets EPA Clean Water Act guidelines to prevent discharge of oil and oil-related materials and provides an affordable means of maintaining compliance. A permanent immobile system offers the best solution to contain a chemical spill.
Does not restrict access to machine for load/unloading, all machine service points and replacement components are accessible.
Does not increase height of turntable from floor – loading height is unchanged.


What are news organizations doing to increase user activity and engagement on their Facebook pages?
To be clear, a large part of any Facebook strategy focuses on newsfeed visibility and on-site promotion through tactics like EdgeRank optimization, frictionless sharing, like and subscribe buttons, Open Graph tags, Facebook Comments and other Facebook Social Plugins.
However in this post I want to focus primarily on tactics that are geared towards the Facebook page itself. I've gathered together some examples that I've come across lately or have had exposure to in the past.
Recently NPR shared a case study on Nieman Journalism Lab showing how they used geotargeting on their Facebook page to specifically target users in one local market, Seattle.
I won't rehash all the details but their testing helped to set traffic records for member station KPLU, increased engagement and changed the nature of the comment discussions since more users were personally connected to the content.
Geotargeting isn't a natural fit for every news organization, but for those with content that will appeal to specific areas and those that publish in multiple languages it is worth experimenting with.
Last year Vanity Fair drew a lot of attention when they made Justin Bieber guest editor of their Facebook page for a week in conjunction with his cover story in the magazine.
Michael Hogan, Vanity Fair's executive digital editor at the time, shared the results on a conference panel I moderated last year.
Admittedly the young pop star's fan base wasn't the perfect demographic match for Vanity Fair but the promotion proved highly successful.
Not every media outlet has access to the Justin Biebers of the world, but in any topical or geographic area there are newsmakers or influencers that would be a good fit.
This one is a bit more about EdgeRank optimization than page-specific tactics but it is a good example.
Print publishers, particularly magazines, have a powerful draw that they can use to their advantage: people love to see their name in print.
Forrester's Melissa Parrish, formerly Director of Community Strategy for Time Inc. Digital Lifestyle, shared this example on a conference panel we were on a couple years ago.
You have to be careful not to over-use it but done conservatively it is a nice tool for fostering engagement.
The tactic also works for Web properties but there is something about mentions in print that still resonates strongly with people. It's a good fit for broadcast too, as local news stations often share user comments from their Facebook pages (and Twitter) on the air.
Poynter recently did a write-up on The New York Times' use of live chats on their Facebook page.
According to Social Media Editor Liz Heron the chats have been a successful experiment, although it is not the best format for every scenario.
Chats are a good way to give users a specific reason to come to the page and they create the opportunity for multiple touchpoints (promoting the chat, doing the actual chat, posting a post-chat wrap-up, etc.).
Creating additional Facebook tabs with a welcome message or some extra functionality is a common practice. Specific to media outlets, creating tabs for special content or features is an effective tactic for generating repeat visits.
They stopped doing it but I always thought it was a nice format.
Last year The New Yorker experimented with Facebook-only articles using a reveal tab for users that liked their page. I'm less in favor of this idea simply because it is beneficial for sites to build up permanent link and social signals for all their content on their main site. But it is good to experiment.
For another idea outside of news see Grateful Dead Facebook Page: Great Use of Interactive Content.
The day after I published this post The New York Times transferred its page to the Timeline format, which all brands now have to do within 30 days.
Seems like there is a lot of potential there and it will be another good way to increase activity on their actual Facebook page.
These are some tactics that I find useful. What else are you doing with your Facebook page?
Thanks for sharing this kind of informative stuff. Really helpful.