text:
Evolution of Microsoft's Windows OS from Windows 1.0 to Windows 10
Kavita Iyer
1 Windows 1.0 to 10: The changing face of Microsoft's landmark Windows operating system
2 Windows 1.0
6 Windows NT 3.1
7 Windows 95
10 Windows 2000
11 Windows ME (Millennium)
12 Windows XP
13 Windows Server 2003
14 Windows Vista
16 Windows 7
18 Windows 8.1
19 Windows 10
Windows 1.0 to 10: The changing face of Microsoft's landmark Windows operating system
Microsoft, the leader in software and operating system was founded in 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen. Over the years, the company has managed to become a computer software giant. In its early years, Microsoft got excellent response from the market, ever since the products and services have started to replace the extensive human labour.
Microsoft Windows has seen nine major versions since its first release in 1985. Over the last three decades, Windows looks very different but somehow familiar with elements that have survived the test of time, increases in computing power and – most recently – a shift from the keyboard and mouse to the touchscreen.
This article will provide you a brief look at the history of all Windows OS versions from Windows 1.0 to Windows 10.
The first independent version of Microsoft Windows, version 1.0, released on November 20, 1985, achieved little popularity. The project was briefly codenamed "Interface Manager" before the windowing system was developed. Windows 1.0 was not a complete operating system, but rather an "operating environment" that extended MS-DOS.
The first version of Microsoft Windows included Simple Word Processor, Appointment Calendar, Cardfile, Notepad, Clock, Terminal, and Clipboard. It also included the MS-DOS Executive and a game called Reversi. In a special introductory offer, Windows 1.0 came with Windows Write and Windows Paint and cost $99.
Utilities included RAM drive, for managing memory cards designed to beat the PC's 640KB memory limit, Clipboard and Print Spooler.
Microsoft Windows version 2 came out on December 9, 1987, and proved slightly more popular than its predecessor. Much of the popularity for Windows 2.0 came by way of its inclusion as "run-time version" with Microsoft's new graphical applications, Excel and Word for Windows. They could be run from MS-DOS, executing Windows for the duration of their activity, and closing down Windows upon exit.
Windows version 2 introduced overlapping windows and supported 16-colour VGA graphics. It marked the debut of the Control Panel and Program Information Files, or PIFs that told Windows how to run DOS applications.
Like Windows 1.0, version 2.0 could run on a dual-floppy-drive PC without a hard disk. Since, version 2.0 used the real-mode memory model, the memory was confined to a maximum of 1MB.
Windows 3.0 released on May 22, 1990, improved capabilities given to native applications. Thanks to the introduction of virtual memory, it also allowed users to better multitask older MS-DOS based software compared to Windows/386.
Program Manager and File Manager made their first appearance here, along with a redesigned Control Panel and Solitaire — a Windows staple to this day. Thanks to Windows 3.0's support for 256-colour VGA, it brought a more modern, colourful look to the interface. Also, it was the first version to include the popular game "Solitaire".
This version was released on March 18, 1992 and had features similar to its predecessor. Windows 3.1 required 1MB of RAM to run and allowed supported MS-DOS programs to be controlled with a mouse for the first time. It was a stand-alone OS, not MS-DOS based such as all previous versions.
Windows 3.1 was also the first Windows to be distributed on a CD-ROM, even though once installed on a hard drive it only took up 10 to 15MB (a CD can typically store up to 700MB). Minesweeper also made its first appearance.
Introduced on July 27, 1993, Windows NT was built to create a successor to Microsoft's ill-fated OS/2. It was designed under the leadership of ex-DEC software engineer Dave Cutler as a fully 32-bit pre-emptive multitasking, multithreaded, multiprocessing, multiuser operating system with a hybrid kernel and a hardware abstraction layer to facilitate porting between processor platforms.
It was initially developed for the Intel i860, whose N-Ten codename gave NT its name, even though later marketing-led revisionism changed this to New Technology. NT variants have appeared on many CPU architectures, including IA-32, x86-64, Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC, ARM and Itanium. Its code base still underpins the current generation of Windows operating systems.
As the name implies, Windows 95 arrived on August 24, 1995 that brought the first ever Start button and Start menu with an unprecedented marketing push using the Rolling Stones song Start Me Up.
Windows 95 was a consumer-oriented hybrid 32-bit/16-bit OS with a brand-new user interface. It focused on multi-tasking and saw the introduction of Task Bar. It introduced the concept of "plug and play" automatic device detection and configuration. MS-DOS still played an important role for Windows 95, which required it to run some programmes and elements.
Internet Explorer also made its debut on Windows 95, but was not installed by default requiring the Windows 95 Plus! pack. Later revisions of Windows 95 included IE by defau
lt, as Netscape Navigator and NCSA Mosaic were popular at the time.
Microsoft released Windows NT 4.0 to manufacturing on July 29, 1996. Available in Workstation and Server versions at launch, and followed by Server, Enterprise Edition in 1997 and Terminal Server in 1998, Windows NT 4.0 added the Windows 95 user interface to the fully 32-bit, business-oriented NT operating system.
NT 4.0 saw a number of architectural improvements under the surface. The Graphics Device Interface, or GDI, in particular, was moved into kernel mode, giving a important performance boost over NT 3.5x, even though this also required graphics and printer drivers to be updated. NT 4.0 was also the first Windows version to support the DirectX multimedia API.
Released on June 25, 1998, Windows 98 was even more consumer-friendly than its predecessor Windows 95. It brought with it IE 4, Outlook Express, Windows Address Book, Microsoft Chat, NetShow, Quick Launch toolbar, Active Desktop, and the ability to minimise a window by clicking its toolbar icon. Among other things, Windows 98 introduced the back and forward navigation buttons and the address bar in Windows Explorer. One of the biggest changes was the introduction of the Windows Driver Model for computer components and accessories – one driver to support all future versions of Windows.
On May 29, 1999, an improved version of Windows 98 was released, the Windows 98 SE (second edition) which fixed many issues with Windows 98, had improved USB support, which led to its widespread adoption, including USB hubs and USB mice. It also included newer versions of Internet Explorer and Windows Media Player.
Microsoft released Windows 2000 on February 17, 2000. Built on the Windows NT 4.0 code base and designed to replace both NT 4.0 and Windows 98, Windows 2000 included plug-and-play capabilities with full ACPI and WDM support, plus many features from the Windows 98/98 SE product line. There were several Windows 2000 editions for servers and one for regular computers.
New across all Windows 2000 editions were NTFS 3.0, the Encrypting File System (EFS), Logical Disk Manager, an LDAP/Active Directory-enabled Address Book and the Microsoft Management Console (MMC). Windows File Protection prevented unauthorised programs from modifying critical system files.
Microsoft's automatic updating played an important role in Windows 2000 and became the first Windows to support hibernation.
Windows ME (Millennium)
On September 24, 2000, Microsoft released a successor to Windows 98 called Windows ME, short for "Millennium Edition", which was regarded as one of the worst Windows versions ever released. Windows ME was conceived as a quick one-year project that served as a stopgap release between Windows 98 and Windows XP. It was the last DOS-based operating system from Microsoft.
Unlike Windows 95 and 98, it lacked real-mode DOS support. However, it include the useful System Restore feature, a recovery utility that enables the operating system to revert system files back to a prior date and time. IE 5.5, Windows Media Player 7 and Windows Movie Maker all made their appearance for the first time. Autocomplete also appeared in Windows Explorer, but Windows ME was infamous for being buggy, and crash-prone. It was quickly superseded by the far superior NT-based Windows XP.
Undoubtedly, one of the best Windows versions, Windows XP was released on October 25, 2001 that brought Microsoft's enterprise line and consumer line of operating systems under one roof.
NT-based Windows XP came in several editions: Home, Professional, Media Center, and Tablet PC Edition. The Start menu and task bar got a visual overhaul, bringing the familiar green Start button, blue task bar and vista wallpaper, along with various shadow and other visual effects.
ClearType, which was designed to make text easier to read on LCD screens, was introduced, as were built-in CD burning, autoplay from CDs and other media, plus various automated update and recovery tools, that unlike Windows ME actually worked.
The initial release of Windows XP was met with considerable criticism, particularly in the area of security, leading to the release of three major Service Packs. Windows XP SP1 was released in September 2002, SP2 came out in August 2004 and SP3 came out in April 2008. Service Pack 2 provided significant improvements and encouraged widespread adoption of XP among both home and business users.
However, Windows XP lasted longer as Microsoft's flagship operating system than any other version of Windows, from October 25, 2001 to January 30, 2007 when it was "succeeded" by Windows Vista.
Released on April 24, 2003, it was meant to be the server edition of Windows XP. The server version of Windows XP came in Web, Standard, Enterprise, and Datacenter editions, and succeeded the respective editions of Windows Server 2000. It introduced a new "Manage Your Server" wizard that simplifies configuring a machine for specific roles, and improved performance.
Other key new features included Active Directory enhancements, version 6.0 of the IIS web server, a backup and restore system, plus improved disk management, better Group Policy handling and administration, and enhanced scripting and command-line tools.
Consumer versions of Windows Vista released on January 30, 2007 intended to have enhanced security by introducing a new restricted user mode called User Account Control, replacing the "administrator-by-default" philosophy of Windows XP. Unfortunately, Vista was the target of much criticism and negative press for not working well with programs and devices that had worked with Windows XP.
The main complaints centred on software compatibility, hardware requirements and performance, security features, and digital rights management.
Longhorn (Vista's codename) was built on Windows Server 2003 SP1 after a false start on the XP code base, having jettisoned key features such as WinFS. Despite an extensive beta test program, general availability of Vista came too late for the key Christmas 2006 PC-buying period.
Features that did ship included the Aero interface, which with the right hardware displayed transparent windows and other visual effects, and a redesigned Start menu.
Windows Media Player 11 and IE 7 debuted, along with Windows Defender an anti-spyware programme. Vista also included speech recognition, Windows DVD Maker and Photo Gallery, as well as being the first Windows to be distributed on DVD. Later a version of Windows Vista without Windows Media Player was created in response to anti-trust investigations.
Windows Server 2008 was the server version of Windows Vista, which released on February 27, 2008. It included important new features like Network Access Protection (NAP), Server Core, PowerShell and Read-Only Domain Controllers. Existing components such as IIS, Terminal Services and the SMB file-sharing protocol also received thorough overhauls.
NAP checks that PCs connected to the network are compliant with IT policies, and takes appropriate action if they are not. Server Core installs a minimalist GUI and a limited set of server roles, to minimise RAM and patching requirements.
Windows 7 is widely considered as the operating system that Vista should have been. It quickly made inroads into Vista's and XP's market share and was the best Windows OS ever. It was intended to fix all the problems and criticism faced by Vista, with slight tweaks to its appearance and a concentration on user-friendly features and less "dialogue box overload". It was faster, more stable and easier to use, becoming the operating system most users and business would upgrade to from Windows XP, forgoing Vista completely.
Windows 7's most notable feature was the redesigned taskbar, featuring the translucent Aero look, thumbnail previews with live content, Jump Lists of recently-opened files and Aero Peek for minimising open application windows to view the desktop.
Other features included a windows "snap" option to easily maximize windows and put two side-by-side, handwriting recognition, better multi-touch support, libraries for documents, pictures, videos, etc. Homegroup feature allowed for easy sharing of files and printers between computers on a home network.
The other improvements were a revamped Windows Media Player 12 with internet streaming support, a Device Stage for managing peripherals from one convenient location, fewer User Access Control prompts, faster indexing for the native search, improved touch functionality and a virtualised XP Mode for running legacy applications.
Released on October 26, 2012, Windows 8 was Microsoft's most essential overhaul of the Windows interface, chucking the Start button and Start menu in favour of a more touch-friendly Start screen.
Microsoft intended Windows 8 (and newer versions) to work not just on regular PCs but also on tablets. This is something they have been trying to do ever since Windows XP. Microsoft even made a tablet of its own called Surface.
Windows 8 came in three 32-bit and 64-bit x86 editions: Windows 8, W8 Pro and W8 Enterprise – plus a fourth, Windows RT for ARM-based systems. The Enterprise edition was only available to Software Assurance customers, and included the Windows To Go feature for creating secure bootable USB flash drives. Pro and Enterprise, which can join Active Directory domains, were the business-oriented editions.
Windows 8 features a redesigned user interface, designed to make it easier for touchscreen devices such as tablets and laptop/tablet hybrids to use Windows. The interface introduced an updated Start menu known as the Start screen, and a new full-screen application platform.
The Windows Store, which offers universal Windows apps that run in a full-screen mode only, was introduced. Programs could still be installed from third-parties like other iterations of Windows, but they could only access the traditional desktop interface of Windows.
Windows 8.1 was released on October 17, 2013, which re-introduced the Start button that brought up the Start screen from the desktop view of Windows 8.1. You can also go straight to the desktop on login, and configure the desktop Start button or Windows key to go to the Apps page rather than the Start screen. This was more suitable for those using a desktop computer with a mouse and keyboard than the touch-focused Start screen.
Windows 8.1 is available as an update in the Windows store only for Windows 8 users and also available to download for clean installation.
Other new features in Windows 8.1 include enhanced search, more bundled Windows Store apps, the ability to display and use up to four apps side by side, deeper SkyDrive integration and a redesigned Windows Store.
Windows 10 is the current release of the Microsoft Windows operating system. Unveiled on September 30, 2014, it was released on July 29, 2015. A number of new features like Cortana virtual personal assistant (previously introduced with Windows Phone 8.1), the Microsoft Edge (a new default web browser), Windowed Windows Store apps, Virtual desktops/Task View, Action Center, Revamped core apps, The Xbox app, Continuum, Unified settings, and more first appeared in this latest edition.
Microsoft Edge is the new web browser of Windows 10, which is specially designed to be a lightweight web browser. Windows 10 is available in seven editions in total: Home, Mobile, Pro, Enterprise, Education, Mobile Enterprise and IoT Core. Users of 'qualifying' Windows 7, 8.1 and Phone 8.1 devices will be able to upgrade to the appropriate Windows 10 versions for free within a year of the launch, and will receive updates and security patches as they are released, in a scheme Microsoft calls 'Windows as a service'.
It includes improved support for biometric technologies (Windows Hello) and DirectX 12/WDDM 2.0 for improved graphics and gaming functionality.
More generally, Windows 10 is designed to be a unifying release in which 'universal' apps, with appropriate UI behaviours, run on a wide range of platforms: embedded systems, smartphones, tablets, hybrid tablet/laptops, laptops, desktops and games consoles, as well as new hardware categories such as large-screen collaboration/presentation systems (Surface Hub) and AR/VR headsets (HoloLens).
Jason January 10, 2016 at 10:58 pm
There is also Server 2008 R2, a major overhaul from regular 2008. It was built off Windows 7 rather than Vista. Also Server 2012 and the R2 update.
Anynymoose January 11, 2016 at 9:29 am
No mention of Windows 10 incredibly intrusive user monitoring? (aka spying)
With friends like Microsoft, who worries about the NSA?!!!
NSA May 26, 2016 at 7:52 pm
Correction: Windows 3.1 was released April 6, 1992 – not March 18th.
Also, Windows 3.1 *was* DOS based – not a standalone OS.
NSAKey July 13, 2017 at 11:07 pm
STFU nobody was asking you NSA fag

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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Like so many cocktails, the origins of the Manhattan are lost in time. And, as neither the name nor the ingredients are so unusual as to prevent inadvertent duplication, the mystery is likely to remain unsolved.
The first known written mention of the Manhattan is in a September 1882 article of the Olean, New York, Sunday Morning Herald. "It is but a short time ago that a mixture of whiskey, vermouth and bitters came into vogue." The same article causes some confusion when it goes on to discuss the name of this concoction, "It went under various names - Manhattan cocktail, Turf Club cocktail, and Jockey Club cocktail."
The first full written recipe for the Manhattan appeared two years later in O.H. Byron's 1884 book, The Modern Bartenders' Guide.
Until fairly recently, it was widely and wrongly believed that the Manhattan was first created in November 1874 at New York City's Manhattan Club for Lady Randolph Churchill (née Jenny Jerome), at a banquet to celebrate the successful gubernatorial campaign of Samuel Jones Tilden. (The Manhattan Club was opposite the site that now houses the Empire State Building.) However, drinks historian David Wondrich has pointed out that the celebratory banquet in question was held in November 1874, during the period when Lady C was in England, giving birth to Winston - indeed, the banquet was held on the day Winston was christened at Blenheim.
A plausible story comes from a 1923 book, Valentine's Manual of New York. In this a William F. Mulhall who was a bartender at New York's Hoffman House in the 1880s recounts, "The Manhattan cocktail was invented by a man named Black who kept a place ten doors below Houston Street on Broadway in the [eighteen] sixties - probably the most famous drink in the world in its time."
Yet another story involves a Col. Joe Walker on a yachting trip in New York. This last story is the most recent I have come across and is courtesy of Barry Popik's barrypopik.com where Barry notes an entry in the Daily Journal, Racine, Wisconsin, 8 March 1899. The article purports that Col. Joe Walker ran the then-famous Crescent Hall Saloon in New Orleans, at the corner of Canal and St. Charles Streets and that some years before he went on a little yachting trip with a party of friends while in New York.
"By some oversight, the liquid refreshments in the icebox were confined to Italian vermouth and plain whisky, and it occurred to the colonel that a palatable drink might be made by mixing the two. The results were so good that he experimented a little on his return to New Orleans, and soon perfected the Manhattan cocktail, as it is known today. It was christened in honor of his friends on Manhattan Island, and the fame of the decoction soon spread all over the country. The true Manhattan cocktail is always made with Italian vermouth, but at half the places where they undertake to serve them, French [dry] vermouth is substituted, and the fine flavor is altogether destroyed. French vermouth is a sort of wine, while Italian vermouth is a cordial, pure and simple. They are as different as milk and molasses. A cocktail made from the French brand is no more a Manhattan cocktail than it is a Spanish omelette."[sic]
The Flowing Bowl (1891) page 128.
One of the first printed references to the Manhattan appears in William Schmidt's 1891 The Flowing Bowl. The recipe calls for gum (Gum arabic syrup), includes a dash of absinthe and suggests "a little maraschino may be added."
Harry Johnson's 1900 Bartenders' Manual includes the following recipe:
"Manhattan Cocktail
(Use a large bar glass)
Fill the glass up with ice;
1 or 2 dashes of gum syrup, very carefully;
1 or 2 dashes of bitters (orange bitters);
1 dash of curacao or absinthe, if required;
1/2 wine-glass of whiskey;
1/2 wine glass of vermouth;
Stir up well; strain into fancy cocktail glass;
squeeze a piece of lemon peel on top, and serve; leave
it for the customer to decide, whether to use
absinthe or not. This drink is very popular at the
present day. It is the bartender's duty to ask the
customer, whether he desires his drink dry or sweet."
Over the decades the gum syrup and absinthe has been omitted from the Manhattan while the maraschino has morphed into the garnish. It is also more common for Angostura Aromatic Bitters to be used in place of orange bitters - perhaps mostly due to Angostura being more commonplace over the decades. However, it should be noted that various bartenders favour the use of different bitters, including Abbott's Bitters. (As explained in (this piece on Abbott's Bitters by Jake Burger. See his Portobello Star Manhattan.)
Frustratingly the recipes in the early bar books above simply state 'whiskey' but the Manhattan was probably originally made with rye whiskey, rather than bourbon, as New York was a rye-drinking city. Today it is common to use bourbon, although purists tend to favour bonded rye whiskey. Some folks even prefer Tennessee or Canadian whiskey.
Once you've decided on your choice of whiskey comes the decision of what vermouth to use. Firstly, you'll need to establish if you are making a Dry Manhattan, which calls for dry vermouth, a Perfect Manhattan which uses dry and sweet vermouths, or a Sweet Manhattan with just sweet vermouth. Not to mention the brand of vermouth. (I favour Martini.)
While the Dry Manhattan is usually garnished with a lemon or orange zest twist, the more commonplace Perfect and Sweet Manhattans are generally garnished with a maraschino cherry. Maraschino and American whiskey (bourbon or rye) are a match made in heaven - so much so, that some like half a spoon of cherry syrup from the jar added to the mixing glass so subtly sweetening and influencing the drink. This works particularly well when based on a bone dry rye whiskey rather than relatively sweet bourbon.
Mixing method and serve
Convention has it that a Manhattan should be stirred and served in a cocktail glass (coupe or martini) but the drink also works well served over ice in an old-fashioned glass. Some even prefer their Manhattans shaken rather than stirred. Each to their own.
Recipes & variations
Añejo Manhattan - Añejo tequila, sweet vermouth, Angostura bitters and orange bitters.
Apple Manhattan #1 - bourbon, apple schnapps and sweet vermouth.
Apple Manhattan #2 - bourbon, apple schnapps, triple sec and sweet vermouth.
Black Manhattan recipe - Rye whiskey, amaro, Angostura bitters and orange bitters.
Brandy Manhattan - made with brandy in place of whiskey (also see Harvard). Apparently popular in Wisconsin and Minnesota.
Breakfast in Manhattan - orange marmalade, bourbon, sweet vermouth and orange bitters.
Brooklyn - with Amer Picon and maraschino liqueur.
Caramel Manhattan - bourbon, caramel liqueur, sweet vermouth, pineapple juice and Peychaud's bitters.
Cuban Manhattan - a Perfect Manhattan with aged rum in place of whiskey.
Dry Manhattan - made with dry vermouth and served with a twist in place of a maraschino cherry.
Devil's Manhattan - bourbon, Southern Comfort, sweet vermouth and Peychaud's bitters.
Elderflower Manhattan - bourbon, elderflower liqueur, sweet vermouth and Angostura bitters.
Fanciulli - made with Fernet Branca in place of Angostura aromatic bitters
Fourth Regiment - dating from circa 1889 this is made with equal parts bonded rye whiskey and vermouth with three dashes of each orange bitters, celery bitters and Peychaud's Bitters.
Harvard - made with cognac in place of whiskey (also see Brandy Manhattan).
I'll Take Manhattan - bourbon, cherry brandy, sweet vermouth and Angostura bitters.
Irish Manhattan - bourbon, Tuaca, orange liqueur and vanilla syrup.
Manhattan (Sweet with Bitter Chocolate) - bourbon, sweet vermouth, dark crème de cacao, maraschino liqueur and chocolate bitters.
Manhattan Island - cognac, sweet vermouth, Angostura bitters and maraschino liqueur.
Met Manhattan - bourbon, orange liqueur, butterscotch liqueur and Angostura bitters.
Metropolitan - a brandy Manhattan made with a 3 parts brandy to 1 part vermouth.
Mexican Manhattan - reposado tequila, sweet vermouth and Angostura bitters.
Oddball Manhattan - bourbon, Yellow Chartreuse, sweet vermouth and Angostura bitters.
Paris Manhattan - bourbon, elderflower liqueur, sweet vermouth and Angostura bitters.
Perfect Manhattan - made with equal parts sweet and dry vermouths.
Perfect Summit Manhattan - bourbon, sweet vermouth, muscat wine, orange curacao and Whiskey Barrel aged bitters.
Portobello Star Manhattan - rye, sweet vermouth, Antica Formula and Abbott's bitters.
Preakness Manhattan - bourbon, cognac, Bénédictine, sweet vermouth and Angostura bitters.
Rob Roy - made with Scotch whisky in place of North American whiskey (and like David Embury we recommend replacing Angostura aromatic bitters with Peychaud's bitters.)
Rat Pack Manhattan - Grand Marnier, bourbon, sweet vermouth, dry vermouth and Angostura bitters.
Red Manhattan - bourbon, sweet vermouth, red wine, maraschino and Angostura bitters..
Southern Manhattan - bourbon, Southern Comfort, sweet vermouth and Peychaud's bitters.
Star Cocktail - a Sweet Martini with calvados in place of whiskey
Tijuana Manhattan - made with an anejo tequila in place of whiskey.
The Manhattan may have been named after New York City's Manhattan Club but is most likely named after one of the five boroughs which jointly form New York City. After all, the Manhattan Club is in itself named after the borough it sits in. Three of the other four boroughs have also lent their names to Manhattan variations: Bronx, Brooklyn and Queens. Sadly, for Staten Island, it doesn't have a classic cocktail named after it but a Staten Island Ferry cocktail is most usually considered to a Pina Colada-like equal parts coconut rum and pineapple juice.
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PIT - YYJ
Find cheap flights from Pittsburgh to Victoria
Pittsburgh (PIT)
Victoria Intl
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Looking for a cheap flight? 25% of our users found flights on this route for C$ 242 or less one-way.
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How long does a flight from Pittsburgh to Victoria take?
There are no direct flights for this route listed on KAYAK, the shortest multi-flight duration is 8h 13m.
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In the past 3 days, the cheapest round-trip tickets were found on Air Canada (C$ 612) and WestJet (C$ 614)
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When flying out of Pittsburgh you will be using Pittsburgh, often referred to as Pittsburgh Airport. You will be landing at Victoria Intl, also known as Victoria Airport.
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Top 3 airlines serving Pittsburgh to Victoria Intl
Alaska Airlines 8.3
WestJet 7.7
Pros: "The seat was fine and the seatbelt just barely fit."
Cons: "Saw a bedbug on my window!!! Wasn't notified that they were serving breakfast when I reserved one. No free wifi. No monitors in the seat to track plane progress and watch a movie. All of those either cost extra or were separate. Due to constant line I was forced to use the bathroom when I landed"
Pros: "Comfortable roomy seats"
Cons: "We had to wait 30 minutes after landing before we could exit the plane."
Pros: "cleaner plane would be nicer. quieter plane would be nicer. Seating for premium class could be COMFORTABLE."
Cons: "cleaner plane would be nicer. quieter plane would be nicer. Seating for premium class could be COMFORTABLE."
Cons: "Flight delayed. Delayed. Delayed. Seat changed without notice. Flight attendants were a bit rude."
Cons: "Threatening to bump my wife due to overbooking, while we are midway through a two leg Alaska flight was beyond the worst experience I've ever had in fifty years of travel. How can you bump a pass like that, after flying your first leg?"
Cons: "Tarmac delays"
Pros: "there was nothing to like. A few hours before the early morning flight Alaska cancelled the flight and rebooked us fir a flight 12 hours later. Their phone is off during the night and we had to go to the airport in the middle of the night to get a flight that would get us to our cruise on time. A"
Cons: "use something other than Alaska and it will be better"
Cons: "They didn't have the menu item I most wanted, the harvest salad, but no big deal!"
Pros: "Yes"
Cons: "I have flown Alaskan Airline that had movie screens. That would have been super since my flight wad 4 and half hours long"
Pros: "The quickness of the flight, boarding, and arrival."
Cons: "Was never comfortable and always thirsty."
Pros: "I've taken this flight several times now and it's always good. Great crew, great service. Love Alaska"
Cons: "There was no entertainment on Alaska"
Cons: "Too warm."
Pros: "The direct flight from PIT to SEA was awesome!!!"
Pros: "Crew was great."
Cons: "Flight delay"
Pros: "PLane ride was very pleasant other than having to sit on tarmac for 35 minutes before flight because of flight back up."
Cons: "Sitting on the tarmac for almost 40 minutes due to busy traffic. There were 17 planes in front of us!!! I just don't understand how that happens. And if they know that In advance why can't they figure out system to let people stay at gate as long as possible. There must be way to develop a queue system that doesn't force people to board unnecessarily. Or at least stay at gate so people can use restroom. Frustrating!!!"
Pros: "Great legroom."
Pros: "The flight took the blink of an eye."
Cons: "I would have liked to have been woken for the food dispersal and being over 6 feet O cannot say enough about adequate leg room or lack thereof."
Pros: "Arriving at destination"
Cons: "The flight was delayed 90 minutes and there was very little communication regarding why. It would have been less frustrating if we knew the reason for the delay."
Pros: "Alaska air provided great service- comfortable plane!"
Pros: "Right on time. My wife and I are Seniors and don't fly that much and we found all Alaskan employees friendly, courteous and anxious to help and answer any questions. Good group!"
Pros: "Short and sweet."
Pros: "Flying out of Santa Barbara was easy and the staff was super helpful and nice. I would do it again."
Pros: "The free WiFi and selection of movies were good despite not having TVs at every seat. The one in flight dish was good."
Cons: "I paid for a seat that I couldn't sit in because they moved a woman with two cats next to me and I'm allergic. No one checked if I was okay with it. When I said something, I was moved from my seat instead of the woman with the cats. I was uncomfortable for majority of the trip. I travel often and I have never had to deal with my pet allergies. I won't be flying with Alaska after this trip."
Pros: "The service was good they did keep us informed while we were waiting two hours on the airplane for a crew member"
Cons: "Waiting for crew member 2 hours"
Pros: "Free iMessage/texting is really nice even if I didn't use it. Free phone charging is also nice on the 737-900's! Please don't follow Delta's price model by limiting access to those features to Comfort+ and First Class."
Cons: "Having free GoGo entertainment inflight is an amazing technological feat. I'm being a whiny brat when I say I wish the app/video feed didn't buffer so much. I couldn't tell if the problem was with the app, or WiFi performance."
Pros: "Missed my flight at it was rescheduled for $25 without asking a questions"
Pros: "Good customer service before after and during the flight."
Cons: "Most uncomfortable flight as far as seats were concerned. Literally felt like we were sardines. My second flight which was a much smaller plane was 10 times more comfortable."
Cons: "Too many people with large carry-ons &backpacks made getting off and on very slow"
Pros: "Love the comfort in economy -- a little more room makes a big difference. Very efficient boarding and deplaning. Pleasant crew."
Pros: "I'm a tall guy and the seating was very roomy. The flight crew was extremely pleasant. All in all a great trip."
Cons: "No negative feedback."
Pros: "Staff was great"
Cons: "No wifi made it harder keep 4 yr old happy"
Pros: "Very nice attendant"
Pros: "Not a full flight"
Cons: "Nothing it was a smooth flight."
Pros: "Complimentary alcohol was nice for a long flight"
Pros: "Staff was friendly and accomodating."
Pros: "Friendly. Uneventful. Roomy."
Cons: "Nothing."
Pros: "Nice flight attendants, and the flight on the way home was not overbooked, which was lovely!"
Cons: "One flight attendant told me not to pack my bag so much if I wanted to take it on the plane, and I had to check it at the gate. Once on board, there were bigger suitcases than mine on board. I was happy to do what they said, but it would be nice if they were more consistent about the bag sizes. I didn't have this problem on the way back to Seattle though."
Cons: "The flight attendant clearly didn't like her job. She was somewhat sarcastic and made me feel awkward"
Pros: "Both flights from SAC to Seattle, from Seattle to Vancouver were ahead of schedule, that was nice!"
Cons: "The seats and space around is smaller, I couldn't believe the size of the bathrooms, I'm no longer overweight, but a few pounds ago. I'd have been VERY UNCOMFORTABLE!"
Pros: "Flight was quick with wonderful views of the San Juan islands"
Cons: "content with everything on this flight."
Pros: "Loved the charging ports..My fruit and cheese tray was actually fabulous. Boarding was done fairly quickly and we even left a few minutes early."
Cons: "My fought was canceled with no costumer service answeringvtge phone and I had to re book my next ticket"
Pros: "The crew made sure the empty seats were available for the full rows to move into. Making a more comfortable flight for us in the rear of the plane."
Pros: "Short and direct flight from kona to anchorage, love it"
Cons: "Internet was down at the airport, caused delays, but all good , I have always hsd pretty good experience with alaska air"
Pros: "Boarding from two doors. Good views on the trip."
Pros: "Everything best airlines I've ever flown."
Pros: "Sonoma county airport is the easiest airport to travel through with the friendliest TSA and airport employees. I got there 40min before my flight where I checked my baggage, went through security, and had 15min to spare before boarding."
Cons: "The main terminal could really use some love. It's just a bungalow type of room with a vending machine. I really wish they had tables with chairs and a way to order a drink/food via the restaurant that's outside the terminal. This isn't a huge deal considering the airport itself only does one flight at a time so getting through security is easy. Just check any baggage you're not carrying on and go to the restaurant. About 20-30min before the flight go through security (5min process and they're probably still 10 min from boarding). It's one plane so it's easy to get through security and To get on the plane."
Pros: "Thw services was great"
Pros: "The crew was fine"
Cons: "the checked luggage took over an hour to arrive at the carousel. ZERO communication. Other flights arrived after ours and all their baggage arrived and they all left while we stood. No information. No explanation. Poor"
Pros: "Crew good! Seats uncomfortable as usual"
Cons: "Transfer of luggage from one plane to this Victoria flight. Delayed 30 minutes."
Pros: "Great flight. No problems."
Pros: "A very enjoyable flight."
Pros: "Crew was great, flight was packed full of people who all seemed to be coughing and sniffling."
Cons: "More leg room, more air conditioning"
Pros: "Unreal service by all WJ employees. Great service getting my 87 year old mom to and from everything."
Cons: "Just perfect"
Cons: "Flight was delayed. Otherwise fine."
Pros: "Safety and on time."
Cons: "Grumpy cabin crew."
Pros: "The crew filled up my reusable cup instead of using a single use one for my drink. They were very friendly and great."
Cons: "A lot of single use plastics are used on the flight for food and such. It is very wasteful. It would be great is WestJet could find a way to lessen their plastic foot print"
Pros: "Overall flight was fine"
Cons: "Flight was delayed and we therefore missed the last UP Express train and had to take a taxi. Disappointing."
Cons: "Q400"
Cons: "Delayed over a hour"
Pros: "Snack service and in flight movies"
Pros: "We were late getting to YUL because of traffic, and a West Jet employee went above and beyond to make sure we made it on our flight even though we missed the cut-off time."
Pros: "We didn't fly into Toronto. Our flight was from Gatwick to Vancouver."
Pros: "WestJet great airline"
Cons: "YYC new Gate "C" poorly organized"
Pros: "The staff are very professional and friendly."
Pros: "On time - lots of legroom (after previous flight on Q400)"
Pros: "The crew was good and the boarding process went smoothly and fast."
Cons: "The screens were so old and bad that it would be a total waste of money to pay for the PPV channels. Seats were hard and unconfortable"
Cons: "Their check in was not a boarding pass which prevented me from using Quick Connect from Immigration. So I reached the terminal counter art the FAR end of the terminal with 15 minutes to apare. The agent told me that wss not enouhh time to make the flight. I had to wait almost 4 houts for the last flight if the night to get there"
Cons: "Announcement from the flight crew inaudible. Much too fast and with lack of ununciation"
Pros: "Plane, stewardesses on the plane"
Cons: "Where to start. Booked a higher priced ticket as layover was minimal. Westjet later emails, saying layover is now 7 hours?!?! We booked a connector with air canada with only a 2hr layover. We decided to keep the checked bags on the Westjet later connector to be less hassle. Westjet agents at airport did not mention that you cannot do that. So it wasn't until we arrived at the layover point, we were told we had to pull the bags and re-check them in with Air Canada, go through the whole rigamarile of checkin, baggage check, and security. Not something you want to deal with when you are at the tail end of a red-eye flight. So thumbs down. In Westjet's defense, they did give me a 200 dollar credit toward a future flight when I kicked up a fuss about the change to a 7-hour layover."
Pros: "Friendly and helpful staff."
Cons: "Seated in Plus (1F) but legroom was cramped, no choice of decent food (cookies, chips and chocolate - all sugar or fat & salt) Most of the TV channels were not working along with the map display. Definitely not worth the extra cost of Plus fare"
Pros: "Quick and easy"
Cons: "Small seats"
Cons: "Our flight was delayed 2 and a half hours but everyone was friendly."
Cons: "Very poor attitude of cabin crew. if they don't want to serve the "guests" get another job."
Cons: "Everything."
Pros: "Crew was very efficient and friendly."
Cons: "Having only one bathroom at back of the plane was a surprise ."
Pros: "Lots of room and overall smooth flight. Watched the free wifi entertainment, not the most current but a good selection."
Cons: "It was chilly on the flight despite not having the vents turned on in my row and blankets are no longer provided without cost. I did not want to be cold but I also did not want to own a west jet blanket."
Pros: "Seats could be a bit bigger for tall people."
Pros: "Fast connection, friendly crew."
Pros: "Great service"
Pros: "The friendly service and prompt boarding!"
Cons: "The snack options. Veggies and hummus would be nice!"
Pros: "Liked the convenience of flying so close from home the crew was amazing dealing with a difficult lady. And the girl I sat beside is now my friend. Woohoo"
Cons: "Not any bodys fault the crew were trying to be supportive. multiple babys all around the area beside accros and a few rows down. maybe set them all to teh back would be better"
Pros: "The crew was fantastic and was very helpful!"
Cons: "I found the rows a bit tight together leading to a little less legroom then I would like but this is standard with almost any airline."
Pros: "Getting into Victoria befor evening"
Cons: "Delayed, no pilot, no communication."
Pros: "left on time"
Cons: "The overhead bins are now too small for a large number of carry on luggage that meets the criteria of carry on. If you wheel your now over sized carry on to the gate they will stow it below for free. If you check it they charge you $26.00 knowing it won't fit in the bins anyway."
Pros: "Charlotte and Johnny spiced up the safety brief with some humor, it definitely made the flight more enjoyable and to have a friendly, funny and relaxed flight crew."
Pros: "Very friendly crew !"
Cons: "It was delayed because they couldn't find the stewardess. So made me late for my plans , but other then that it was good . The crew was excellent on both flights"
Pros: "On time, luggage arrived even with yer short connect in Calgary"
Pros: "Everyone was so friendly and helpful and kind. Keep up the good work! !!"
Cons: "Not a thing."
Pros: "Wonderful crew-from the gate to the plane! Everyone was polite and helpful. I will definitely fly WestJet again."
Pros: "Staff were super friendly and welcoming"
Pros: "We got there safe."
Cons: "Really how hard does an airline have to work? I'm Going on vacation so I'm Happy."
Pros: "The crew were friendly & made us feel welcomed"
Pros: "Flight delayed. Missed connecting flight"
Pros: "Good service and no delays"
Pros: "Absolutely nothing."
Cons: "Overhead bin storage too small for 70% of passengers. Crew had an attitude that was not pleasant"
Pros: "The onboard flight crew were very friendly."
Cons: "We were traveling with an infant and there was no pre boarding call. They took wheelchairs and then just started zone 1. The seats are so uncomfortable, it feels like a lot of the padding has been removed for weight. I am 6'2" and there is just not enough room to sit comfortably in a 3 seat row. If we can avoid flying Rouge , we do."
Pros: "The Toronto to Victoria service was a good one earlier but now with Air Canada Rouge service is not very comfortable and the best choice given that it a long flight. No Onboard entertainment, uncomfortable seats."
Cons: "Both Air Canada flights were late The agent responsible for boarding was an angry person"
Cons: "Cancelled one flight, then delayed another one because they were waiting for a pilot. They offered very little help, citing that they couldn't control the weather, meanwhile WestJet is finding & paying for rooms, shuttle buses and taxis to make the delay more tolerable and less stressful. We could only watch and wish we were flying WestJet."
Pros: "Wonderful cabin crew"
Cons: "Sadly both legs of my flight were delayed . Runway issues in Vancouver. Weather issues in Calgary ."
Pros: "I got from point A to point B"
Cons: "I lost over a day of my trip because a flight was cancelled and wasted 6 hours trying to rebook with no help from the staff, who were extremely rude. Everyone on the canceled flight had to be aggressive at getting a new flight booked because there was no help. Every time you asked an associate from Aur Canada for help, the passed the problem off not taking any responsibility. If your name is on my ticket, then it's your responsibility. Worst experience traveling by far. Also lost over a day of my expensive trip that I've been waiting to go on for awhile and saved my money for a year. I lost hundreds of dollars in events and hotels. Avoid Air Canada if possible"
Pros: "Crews attention and ease handling medical travel"
Pros: "the team helpful"
Pros: "Food and cocktails included alongwith entertainment"
Cons: "Hour late .. departure delayed ..pilots caught in traffic"
Pros: "Flight attendant was helpful when I had a personal health issue."
Cons: "Pay for snacks on a 5 hour flight? What do you really get for a ticket that cost over $500. US? I paid for noodle soup. They gave me a fork to eat it after they bumped into me and spilled the hot liquid on my sleeve and slacks. Then when I went to eat it I realized that the noodles were not cooked through. they were rubbery. the liquid was tasty, but with a fork how much can you taste. Ended up giving it back after eating about 1/4 of it. Seats had no leg room even though was a larger plane. Had restless leg from the very beginning. Legs were in pain the whole time."
Pros: "Not too crowded"
Cons: "Flight was late by over an hour."
Pros: "Boarding was quick. Crew were good."
Cons: "We left Rome over an hour late due to a computer problem that had to be reset. The pods in business class were the old style and not very comfortable for sleeping."
Pros: "The people at Air Canada were friendly and clear with what was going on."
Cons: "Flight was delayed even though the plane was at the gate."
Pros: "Nothing. I spent the whole 5+ hour flight cursing (in my mind) the entire Air Canada executive team. This was my first, and will be my last trip on this horrible airline."
Cons: "Not enough leg room. I'm assuming that all Air Canada executives are either very short people, or they've never tested their product. I've never flown on such an absurdly uncomfortable airline seat configuration, and I fly over 100,000 miles a year worldwide (including discount airlines in China!). If you have long legs, and your flight is more that two hours, DO NOT fly Air Canada Rouge. You've been warned!"
Pros: "Staff was very accomodating"
Cons: "No snacks, and that on a long flight and a flight over the Christmas holidays. Although I was lucky to get a good price to fly to Maui with my adult daughter,, as a senior citizen and a person on GIS, a little snack goes a long way."
Pros: "The airline was aware we were held up in the transit from the boston flight to the victoria flight and made some effort to hold the gate open for us. We made it with one minute to spare."
Cons: "The airport security were helpful in the end, but our our struggle to get from the boston flight to the victoria flight was a nighmare. We had to beg at each intersection to get through lines so that we could get to our flight. Is ther no way to streamline this process? It colours the journey with stress beyond belief. I cannot send my mother on any such trips because of this."
Pros: "organized crew & good service"
Cons: "there was no check in luggage with the ticket, I have to pay for both my check in luggage while flying back from Toronto to Saskatoon. Atleast one check in luggage should be there."
Pros: "The entertainment system was fine as far as selection goes."
Cons: "The stewardesses were ranged from okay to outright grumpy though I understand how difficult it is to always be pleasent when working long hours in a confined space in the customer service industry they still failed me on this."
Pros: "Food is okay. No delay on time flight I enjoyed it"
Cons: "So far nothing flight attendants are very nice"
Cons: "Nothing it was fine"
Pros: "good movie selection"
Cons: "The seats are small and I was wedged in the middle. There was little to no water service. Only one drink cart and as I was at the back it took 1 hour and 45 minutes into the flight to get a glass of water. Terrible."
Cons: "An hour delay and mix up at which loading gate. Received ten minutes of free wi fi as compensation. Food would have been better as wi fi didn't work."
Pros: "Able to upgrade to 1st class"
Cons: "Customs what a cluster of confusion"
Pros: "all good, air canada is so much better than any us airlines"
Cons: "My flight was cancelled and I had to pay again for the priority seats on the rescheduled flights, but still have not gotten refund on the priority seats on the cancelled flights."
Pros: "crew was awesome"
Cons: "that people can recline their seats in coach. very uncomfortable and there's really not enough room to do this."
Pros: "Plane and crew were great"
Cons: "I don't care for the practice of charging to select ones seat"
Pros: "On time. Luggage arrived within minutes. Great Service."
Cons: "Got to airport in morning only to find out flight delayed 3.5 hours. No prior notification so instead of waiting in my comfortable home I got to wait at airport. Check in lady was a witch - sorry I made you do your job. Bounced my luggage for being 3 lbs over. Lame excuse of plane mechanical problems for delay. My girlfriend flew same flight 10 days earlier and had same thing happen. If Air Canada has that many mechanical issues I'm not feeling warm and fuzzy about them."
Cons: "Plane was broken. Air condition did not worked. Flight was 2.5 hours late. Missed our connection to Budapest."
Cons: "almost all planes were delayed...this one was delayed by 2.5 hours. After being up for 20+ hours traveling from abroad, it was a bad experience to have to wait so long for planes to arrive for last leg of journey"
Cons: "Without notice, flight was delayed more than 3 hours."
Pros: "Left on time. Friendly staff, Great flight"
Pros: "I arrived early and was able to change my flight to an earlier one."
Cons: "The air hostess/stewardess was surly...and looked like she hadn't slept.."
Pros: "Staff friendly. Food and drinks good. Good variety of entertainment"
Cons: "Limited leg room"
Pros: "The entertainment options were decent. Food wasn't bad. The crew courteous and helpful."
Cons: "The booking and ticketing department for Air Canada messed up quite a bit with our trip overall. It wasn't just one narrow event: even after the delayed flight, and 6 hour phone call to get rebooked, we had to use international roaming charges at the Shanghai airport to call and get them to correct an error they made with our flight out of Shanghai. The flights themselves were alright, but I want to use every opportunity I have to complain about the booking and customer service process."
Cons: "10:30am flight delayed for three hours. They moved my flight to 7:30am and no one told me. Someone claims they did not have my email address. The thing is, I received at least three emails prior to the flight from AirCanada, one was my itinery. So whoever couldn't find my email address must be looking on another planet or something."
Cons: "Air Canada ROUGE to Dublin was a nightmare. Small seats. Could not hear the announcements. When I asked the staff to repeat the information, I was assured that they would. They did not. Since the flight was late on takeoff and connections were lost this was critical. Overhead latches were not checked prior to landing. One opened during landing. Only because the pilot landed gently, nothing fell on the people in the seats. Entertainment!! nothing. You need to have downloaded an app to use your electronic device or rent an Ipad. More money in their pocket."
Cons: "Flight delayed. Attendant told us to come back tomorrow and we could get on the same flights just a day later. Really?? not that stupid. Had problems getting a room overnight - management said we weren't in the system. Gentleman at air canada desk very rude - even told his partner in front of us he couldn't stand this part of his job."
Pros: "Flight got delayed twice I had to go to the airport 3 times, finally the personal change me to another airline. I payed over 250 just in taxi to and from the airpor, plus 300 dollars in hotel reservations plus 250 in tours. The airline other than continue rebooking and printing more and more boarding passes did nothing"
Cons: "Flight got delayed twice I had to go to the airport 3 times, finally the personal change me to another airline. I payed over 250 just in taxi to and from the airpor, plus 300 dollars in hotel reservations plus 250 in tours. The airline other than continue rebooking and printing more and more boarding passes did nothing"
Cons: "The plane was filthy. The leg room seemed smaller than usual. The crew wasn't very friendly."
Cons: "The frustrating portion was the airline's lack of desire to fix our problems. The first flight was late because of mechanical issues and then Air Canada was not at all forthcoming in getting us rebooked on the next flight. Something that should have been quite simple involved me having to fight with workers just to get put on a new flight -- nobody wanted to actually do the work."
Pros: "Extra leg room but paid for it."
Cons: "Very turbulent. Entertainment system was okay on iPad but selections were poor, lots of old stuff. Really dislike Rouge."
Cons: "Once my flight was delayed, it caused much confusion, missed connections, and rerouting"
Cons: "My 10:10 flight got cancelled snd AC put us on an earlier flight so that my layover was over 6 hours in Toronto to catch my flight to Tokyo Haneda. That was very painful."
Read more about Alaska Airlines
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text:
Waverly är en stad (city) i Wright County i Minnesota. Vid 2010 års folkräkning hade Waverly 1 357 invånare.

Källor

Orter i Minnesota
Wright County, Minnesota

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


100% cotton v-neck t by canvas.
orca design by thomas noble.
this shirt is such an easy to wear t. the cotton is a little heavier, so it's more durable and great for just about every application. work out in it. layer it with trousers & see a movie. or just play video games in it & your pajama bottoms. or build some stuff. that's what my guy does: all of the above.


text:
BUSINESS: Cork Hospitality Brothers Colin and Philip Ryan weather COVID storm with Rotisserie
Brothers Colin and Philip Ryan who have both worked in the hospitality sector for numerous years and were forced to close their doors due to the pandemic have started up separate businesses alongside each other. The Ryan brothers both recently opened units in the Marina market on centre park road in cork.
Colin Ryan who is currently General manager of the Oyster Bar on Partick's street has opened up a rotisserie chicken unit called 'Hansum'. His older brother Philip who has recently mad the move to take the helm at the family business, Isaac's Restaurant on McCurtain street has opened up a unit serving ice creams, waffles, smoothies and milk shakes called 'Smoove'.
Between the pair they have over 35 years experience in the hospitality sector in cork city and around the country running venues such as the Sophies @ the Dean Dublin, Brick Lane Cork, Sober lane Cork & Dublin, An Brog bar & voodoo rooms nighclub Cork and JJ Coppingers Midelton. Unfortunately due to the pandemic both were left out of work and after lockdown number three they decided that they needed to try their hands at something new.
Colin Ryan had this to say on the matter "well most of my friends and I suppose my family also work in the service industry and I think we were all finding the rolling lockdowns really tough. I think the longest holiday I had taken in the last few years was about 2 weeks and while it was fun for a while the novelty wore off pretty quickly. I decided to use the opportunity of being unemployed during the pandemic to put my time to good use and create my own brand".
The extended Ryan family are also no strangers to the Hospitality sector. The brothers grand- father Sean Ryan opened up Irelands first-ever Michelin star awarded restaurant, the Arbutus Lodge, in 1971 in which their father Michael and uncle Declan were the head chefs. Michael went on to open up Isaacs restaurant, which has been a staple in the Irish foodie scene for last 30 years and Declan owns Ryans Arbutus Breads.
Philip went on to say "Colin came to me one day and told me about his idea and asked if I could give him a hand setting up his Rotisserie, which I was more than happy to do. We spent a few weeks working on his unit which was stored behind the scenes in the marina market. I really loved the vibe down there and I suppose I got container envy and I decided to take the plunge and open up my own unit".
The pair are looking forward to their respective businesses reopening in the coming weeks and both admit that while it has been a long road to get to where we are now, they see a bright future ahead.
The Marina Market Cork is open 7 days a week from 9am till late.
AREA: CORK CITY, BUSINESS, NEWS
Trend Micro Asks Young People 'How Did The Internet Help You Get Through This Past Year?' @TrendISKF_IE
Lifeboat and helicopter rescue woman in West Cork


text:
Subsidence occurs when loose, water-saturated sediment begins to compact, causing the ground surface to collapse. Now there are two types of subsidence.
Slow Subsidence
Slow subsidence occurs when the water within the sediment is slowly squeezed out because of overlying weight. There are several examples of slow subsidence, but the best one is Venice, Italy. Venice was built at sea level on the now submerged delta of the Brenta River. The city is sinking because of the overlying weight of the city and the pumping of groundwater. The problem now is that sea levels are rising as glaciers melt and water expands due to global warming. (3)
Fiigure 7.4.1 "Gondola on the Grand Canal, Venice, Italy" by Peter K Burian, CC-BY
An example of slow subsidence in the U.S. includes New Orleans, Louisiana. As we all know from Hurricane Katrina, the Mississippi River has a vast network of levees that prevent the massive river from flooding – most of the time. But by preventing the spring-time flooding, we are preventing the river from depositing sediment onto the land. Instead, the sediment is being transported to the Gulf of Mexico creating the massive Mississippi delta (3).
Fast Subsidence
Fast subsidence occurs when naturally acidic water begins to dissolve limestone rock to form a network of water-filled underground caverns. But if droughts or pumping of groundwater reduces the water table below the level of the caves, they caverns collapse creating surface sinkholes. A dramatic example of fast subsidence occurred in Guatemala City in 2007 when a massive sinkhole formed 300 feet deep. As noted above, the underground region surrounding Guatemala is composed of limestone and a vast underground network of caverns. It is believed that the water table has been dropping in the region and thus draining the caves. Afterward, the caves can not support the overlying weight and collapse in. (3)
Backyard Geology: McCauley Sinks, Holbrook Basin, AZ
Arizona is home to many sinkholes, one notable set is in the northeastern part of the state. McCauley Sinks (Figure 7.4.2) comprises several dozen small sinkholes restricted to a 3-km-wide depression. The sinks are arranged in a series of gentle arcs or rings. The size of individual sinks varies, but the largest are ~ 100 m in diameter and 50 m deep. The sinks crop out in Permian Kaibab Formation limestones. Collapse here may be the result of
formations in the older Permian Schnebly Hill Formation, which contains evaporites, principally halite (rock salt). (5)
Figure 7.4.2 McCauley Sinks, Holbrook, Arizona. M. Conway, AZGS, CC-BY
landscape underlain by limestone which has been eroded by dissolution, producing ridges, towers, fissures, sinkholes and other characteristic landforms.
Previous: 7.3 Preventing, Delaying, Monitoring, and Mitigating Mass Wasting
Next: 7.5 Attribution and References
Dynamic Planet: Exploring Geological Disasters and Environmental Change by Charlene Estrada, Carolina Michele Londono, Merry Wilson is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.


text:
Impact Teams
Giving and Growing
Bible Recycle
Four years on and still making a difference!
May 22nd, 2012 Posted by Dignity News No Comment yet
Father Cornelius Chalwe is an Anglican Priest from Nchelenge, a town in northern Zambia. He has been working with Dignity for four years and is now overseeing 20 small village groups located within a 40km radius of his town. Following a conference led by Dignity in 2009, eleven initial Life! groups, under Father Cornelius' direction, were set up to take the Gospel of Jesus into the local villages.
With individual lives being transformed at an amazing rate, the Holy Spirit is now working through these people to help those in their villages who are desperately struggling to survive. By growing some extra maize, and other vegetable crops and raising more chickens and goats, five of these groups can now provide food to help feed the most needy in their communities. Whilst we all want to see neighbours helping neighbours, the remarkable thing was that these villagers were never told to carry out any of these actions by Dignity or Father Cornelius.
It's worth remembering, that these actions came from people who live in a country where some statistics suggest that the average life expectancy is about 40 and where over a third of the country has HIV-Aids with TB, Cholera, Malaria and other life threatening illnesses. In addition to this, there is little work in the rural areas and people have no option other than to survive in whatever way they can.
Dignity's aim is transform these people's lives through knowing Jesus and so far, this is has been a success!
UK: Dignity, 6 Barlow Moor Road, Didsbury, Manchester, M20 6TR, UK
Zambia: Dignity Zambia, Private Bag 1, Mkushi, Zambia
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Dignity is a registered charity No. 1122656. Dignity (Worldwide) is a Company Limited by Guarantee, registered in England and Wales No. 6394480
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Central Impact Team Surges Forward
Life! Groups keep on Growing!


A.H. . . . . .
a second guitar doing wacky noises and the main guitar doing some fill ins.
Fill ins, listen to the song, you'll know what I'm talking about. Still distortion.
1) I have never tabbed a solo and it would be way off.
3) That s***t is f***ing whack, just make up what ever.
effect and you are all set to go.
Earshot - My Time Tab :: indexed at Ultimate Guitar.
Earshot is an alternative metal band from Los Angeles, California, currently signed to Indegoot/Fontana/Universal Records. The band has released two albums, Letting Go and Two.
Singer-songwriter Wil was raised on classic rock: Led Zeppelin, Joni Mitchell, Black Sabbath, the Beatles, Cat Stevens, AC/DC and Metallica all get cited as influences and inspirations. Wil laments the fact that albums don't seem to mean as much to young people as they did to him when he was growing up. "There seems to be an emotion lacking in music today," he believes. "There was such an honesty in the music of the '70s and early 90's."
The band's debut album Letting Go featured the song "Get Away" which received radio airplay, while the song "Headstrong" was featured in the motion picture Queen of the Damned. The band's second album Two would include the hit "Wait", which was featured on the Madden NFL 2005 video game soundtrack and the MX vs. ATV Unleashed video game soundtrack. It was also featured in the DVD Tampa Bay Lightning 2004 Stanley Cup Champions.
Earshot had just returned to the studio in late 2002 after spending much of that year on the road, touring and promoting their Warner Bros. debut album "Letting Go." After months of sharing stages with the likes of Staind,Kid Rock and Stone Temple Pilots , "Get Away" peaked at #4 on the charts and stayed in the Top 100 for over 60 weeks.
The band posted its new single, "MisSunderstood", on the band's MySpace page at 12AM (EST) on May 13, 2008. The official nationwide radio release date for the single is May 26, 2008.
Looking beyond the status quo of the modern rock music of today, EARSHOT's third studio album, due to hit stores August 08, marks the start of what some believe is sure to be the beginning of a new and changing modern rock world of tomorrow. No doubt, that in the 48 minutes of listening to the bevy of infectiously memorable tracks, one can only describe this 11 song collection as a very cleverly crafted, re-defined and re-designed approach to their genre with a plethora of sonically raw and defining moments.
EARSHOT signed with Warner Brother's Records in 2001 and in 2002 released their debut album "Letting Go" which yielded their first anthemic singles such as "Get Away" (which peaked at no. 4 on the charts and stayed in the top 100 for over 60 weeks), "Not Afraid" (no.18), and "Headstrong" which was featured in the motion picture and sountrack Queen Of The Damned. In 2004 the band released their sophomore effort entitled "Two" which bore the bands breakout single "Wait" (which peaked at number 9 and was also featured in the soundtrack of Madden 2005), and their follow up single "Someone" (no.19).
In early 2007, EARSHOT signed with InDeGoot / Fontana/ Universal Recordings. Produced by Brian Garcia and co-produced by Wil Martin, the band began the long and tedious task of putting together their nearly 2 yearlong gestations of song ideas. Tracks such as "MisSunderstood", "Closer", "Pushing To Shove", "Wasted", "Don't Hate Me", "GO", and "Sometimes" are sure to please the EARSHOT faithful, and will undoubtedly serve to quickly convert new fans by songs with a penchant for massive hooks and loud guitars.
Show us your talent, perform My Time Tab!
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text:
El Celler de Empordàlia, antic celler de la Cooperativa Agrícola de Vilajuïga, és una obra del municipi de Vilajuïga (Alt Empordà) inclosa en l'Inventari del Patrimoni Arquitectònic de Catalunya.

Descripció
És a l'inici del nucli urbà de la població de Vilajuïga, al tram més urbà de l'antiga carretera GI-610 al seu pas per la població.

És un conjunt format per diversos cossos adossats, que presenten un conjunt de planta irregular. El nucli de la construcció està format per tres grans crugies de planta rectangular, amb les cobertes a dos vessants de teula. La crugia sud té les obertures disposades a dos nivells, corresponents al pis i les golfes. Hi destaca la petita finestra d'arc de mig punt de la façana est. Al costat nord, una altra crugia disposada en paral·lel presenta una cornisa sostinguda per petites mènsules i una planta soterrani, amb una gran finestra d'arc rebaixat. El darrer cos es troba adossat transversalment al sector nord-oest. Formada per una sola planta baixa, amb dos grans portals d'arc rebaixat a la façana principal. L'interior és un espai diàfan que presenta tres grans arcades bastides amb maons, que sostenen un sostre cobert amb bigues de fusta i enllatat amb solera de rajoles, a la catalana. Als costats dels arcs, a la zona del basament, hi ha petites obertures de mig punt, també bastides amb maons. Encara mantenen les botes de fusta i parts de la maquinària originals, juntament amb les noves tines metàl·liques. És la zona destinada a botiga.

Tota la construcció es troba arrebossada i pintada dels colors grana i gris, colors identificatius de l'empresa Empordàlia.

Història
La cooperativa agrícola de Vilajuïga es va bastir el 1945, i vers el 1947 s'hi va instal·lar un trull d'oli. Posteriorment als anys 60 es va ampliar l'edifici, construint noves naus d'entrada de raïm, zona de producció i cellers.

Darrerament amb l'adquisició del complex per part d'Empordàlia, s'han introduït noves reformes i ampliacions, habilitant sales de criances, garnatxes i caves. De la mateixa manera s'ha introduït una nova àrea destinada a la promoció de tast i visites. Així i tot s'ha conservat el trull d'oli antic i la botiga.

Referències

Patrimoni monumental de Vilajuïga
Edificis de Vilajuïga
Cellers de Catalunya
Cooperatives agràries de Catalunya


text:
A Cultural Oasis Inside a Bronx Bodega
the bodega project
The Bronx corner where all languages and people converge and a culture is passed from one generation of New Yorkers to the next
Presenting the first installment of The Bodega Project, a new summer-long series from Electric Literature. Read the introduction to the series here.
There are several bodegas in my neighborhood, the most convenient being Yaffa Deli and Grocery on the corner of Lydig and Cruger Avenues. Yaffa attracts residents from the various peoples that call my Pelham Parkway neighborhood home. This international working-class district shaped my youth and adolescence in the 1970s and 1980s, when I grew up and went to school in the nearby Fordham and Allerton neighborhoods that still bring movies such as The Godfather and Taxi Driver to mind.
The first bodega I remember going to in the 1970s, on the corner of Bronx Park South and Crotona Parkway (now Poppy's Deli), was a treasure box of Puerto Rican culture, where you'd find malanga and coconuts before you'd spot an apple in narrow, cluttered aisles. Colorful pictures of Jesus Christ and saints lingered in Roman glory behind Plexiglas during this gritty era, when New York City served as the perfect backdrop for crime noir spectacles like The French Connection and The Seven-Ups, two of my favorites.
Bodegas terrified me once I learned about the nightmarish holdup stories that began circulating in the neighborhood every time one was robbed, when the violent crime rate across New York City was more than twice what it is today. The gunning down of owners and employees was known to happen, such as during the robbery of another grocery store in the East Tremont section of the Bronx where I attended kindergarten. Bodegas became synonymous with the perils and triumphs of the immigrant struggle.
The corner store service areas (like those of taxis) were sealed shut behind Plexiglas the same way banks are today. This would change moving into the 90s during the Giuliani years, as the city transformed in general. And although bodegas still offer glimpses into the old New York that vanishes a little more each day, they were crucial sites of cultural exchange for Puerto Ricans and others; places where our music, food and language triumphed; oases surrounded by oppressive institutional forces such as racism and police brutality.
As Néstor David Pastor writes in his essay "Bodegas: The Legacy of the Puerto Rican Bodega," for Centro/Center for Puerto Rican Studies' online magazine: "Bodegas provided a link to Puerto Rico." It was in these family-owned corner stores that knowledge of my family's roots in the Caribbean was enhanced by the textures and scents of strange-looking foods with even weirder-sounding names: ajicito, batata, malanga. This often happened on humid afternoons when men played congas with beer bottles at their feet, while their wives exchanged juicy neighborhood gossip on foldout beach chairs.
It was in these spaces that my Puerto Rican father shed his bicultural identity and dove down to his island essence while talking with clerks and neighbors, where his Spanish became faster and more clipped, weaving in and out of the complex drumming always present behind the perpetual salsa soundtrack that played in those years. Spanish dominated in the bodegas of those days and it wasn't uncommon for non-Spanish speakers to mime their way through transactions when encountering owners and employees who didn't speak English or refused to.
Bodegas became synonymous with the perils and triumphs of the immigrant struggle.
A lot of that imagery remains and you can still purchase plátano chips and dulce de leche treats in bodegas where new owners learn enough Spanish to continue serving clienteles cultivated over many decades (generations, in my family's case). This changing of the guard has seen many Puerto Ricans selling their stores to buyers of other nationalities, to retire in Florida and others places. You will more likely hear Arabic devotional music or Dominican bachatas in Bronx bodegas nowadays, but the ghosts of those past, where Puerto Rican New Yorkers as myself used to shop with grandparents and parents, are still there if you listen.
We lit candles for the murdered; crimes and bloodshed, events that scored television networks headlines and ratings back in the day. What you'll never hear about were all the occurrences that didn't make the news; people falling in love while paying at counters crammed with sweaty sweet treats, the passing down of musical and cultural traditions. The exposure to folklore and music and art; learning about the places your parents and grandparents once called home. (As for newcomers who complain about the cats…off with their heads!)
The bodega I go to now, Yaffa Deli and Grocery, is a less turbulent space compared to the bodega in East Tremont I so clearly remember. You'll still find Goya goods and Mistolín (and now Fabuloso) cleaning products on the shelves. You'll even see and hear customers recently arrived from the Dominican Republic and Mexico struggling through broken English to communicate with members of the Yemeni family that have operated it for more than twenty years.
I first frequented this bodega in the 1980s, while attending nearby Christopher Columbus High School. My best friend Edgar Santiago and I befriended a girl of Latvian heritage in tenth grade, who lived across the street from Yaffa (as it was also known in 1987). It is at Yaffa that I still hear Caribbean and now Mexican Spanish, but also Senegalese and Haitian French at times, in addition to English and Arabic — a working-class crossroads of global possibilities.
The Pelham Parkway neighborhood, squashed between the 2 and 5 train lines is a mix of single-family homes and tenement buildings; home to African-Americans, Yemenis, Dominicans, Albanians, Puerto Ricans and Jewish people, among others such as Pakistanis, Mexicans and Russians. The front doors of most apartments still boast mezuzahs, painted over many times by many hands from just as many places. It's hard not to think of these things upon finding them.
My alma mater Christopher Columbus High School counts David "Son of Sam" Berkowitz among its alumni. Not a lot has changed in Pelham Parkway aside from lower crime rates, what the rest of New York City shares as well. There's a taco truck now. The record store where I used to buy Duran Duran and Depeche Mode cassettes and 45s in the 1980s has been gone for a long time. I left in 1988. I came back in 2006. Yaffa was still on the corner.
On nights when I write late and need zone-out time, the fat cat follows me down the aisle in Yaffa, judging my poor taste in beer with a yawn: Budweiser. Panhandlers sometimes linger outside and try the hard sell — still. There are people on the streets who shouldn't be, folks who should be taken care of by specialized professionals trained to do so. Most LGBTQ folks keep a low profile around here but not the Puerto Rican butches. I nod as I pass them on the way in.
The world will pass you by on the corner of Lydig and Cruger if you pay attention; staunch Albanian elders who refuse to shed their ways, hurrying Chinese fry-cooks, Pakistani stay-at-home moms and Dominican barber playboys. The same Greek family has owned the Lydig Coffee Shop since the 1980s, even though they live in New Jersey now. El Torito is where I go to catch up on the latest sounds out of Mexico City, as well as campy telenovelas.
The world will pass you by on the corner of Lydig and Cruger if you pay attention…
People are bound to complain that New York isn't the same as it once was, missing the good times but not the bad. The city is growing and rents are rising, pushing young renters and buyers into areas they can afford to live and buy in. Some call this economic development, to others it means gentrification and displacement of the poor. This has been happening for a long time and all people — at one point or another — have been the newest arrivals in a neighborhood.
Returning to where you're from is one of the strangest things you can do. You've grown in ways you never could have had you stayed. The Bronx continued to crumble and rebuild in the seventeen years that I wandered through the West Coast and other places, collecting experience for — what I hoped — might make me a better storyteller one day. This is something I'm still working on, what I may never know the answer to. Yaffa was here the whole time, welcoming me back.
It forces me out of my shell, which nowadays is enhanced by endless digital distraction. I study the rough and tumble clientele that behaves according to its own silenced codes, something I never learned once I left for the West Coast at age seventeen. I'm reminded of this every time one of the Yemeni clerks thanks me in English, helps the person behind me in Spanish and says something secretive to his colleague in Arabic, a sophisticated operation that eludes proper praise and description. I love the Bronx for this reason and always will.
All the world in one place.
Charlie Vázquez is the Director of the Bronx Writers Center at Bronx Council on the Arts. He's published fiction and poetry and served as the New York City coordinator for Puerto Rico's Festival de la Palabra literary celebration for five years. Charlie was awarded a commendation by the NYC Comptroller's Office in 2014 for his contribution to the literary heritage of New York's Latino community. He's completed a new novel and second short story collection, works of supernatural fiction set in Puerto Rico. He's seeking a literary agent and meets with various groups throughout the Bronx regularly, encouraging them to express themselves through the written word. You can follow him @CharlieVazquez.
— Photography by Anu Jindal
The Bodega Project – Electric Literature
— The Bodega Project is supported by a grant from the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs.
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After being honorably discharged in 1946, Williams used the G.I. Bill and enrolled in a joint Ph.D. degree program at Columbia University and Union Theological Seminary (across the street from each other in New York City). His war experiences had so drastically drained his faith that he determined never to be involved in any religious activity again. Fortunately the Lord had other plans, and Williams—unexpectantly on Easter morning 1947—had an overwhelming experience of the risen Christ that brought forth a fresh dedication to the Lord and His calling. A year and a half later, he met Jo, a student in a similar joint degree program on the M.A. level. They were married in August of 1949.
The newly married couple honeymooned and then went directly to Beloit, Wisconsin, where Williams became the college chaplain and taught Philosophy and Religion while his wife Jo taught in a local elementary school. Three years later, though Williams loved teaching and being chaplain, he left Beloit to pastor a large, century-old Presbyterian church in Rockford, Illinois. The seven year experience was a blessing for both Williams and his wife. It was also the time when their three children were born.


In 2005 I bought Omega Speedmaster with with a white dial, Ref.No: DD145.0022 with a OMEGA 861 movement, Year of manufacture 1984. I wrote to Omega Switzerland to request some additional information about this best replica watch.
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Update, we received the following photo from Tom Koerts, swiss fake watch enthusiast from The Netherlands who discovered a similar Omega Speedmaster Pro on the wrist of one of the watchmakers at Blancpain. This probably means that there are more prototypes of this model around.
This entry was posted in Omega Speedmasters Replica and tagged best cheap replica watch, best replica watch, cheap replica watch, Omega replica watches, swiss fake watch on November 23, 2015 by avant1replicawatches.
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This entry was posted in Omega Replica and tagged best replica watch, cheap best replica watch, cheap copy watch, swiss fake watch on November 5, 2015 by avant1replicawatches.


text:
SYNONYM

#### According to
The Catalogue of Life, 3rd January 2011

#### Published in
Flora, Jena 48: 339 (1865)

#### Original name
Pertusaria perfida Nyl.

### Remarks
null

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub