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Rob Ford's new ride: It's a car, not a window to the soul
Siri Agrell
For years, Mr. Ford has driven to and from City Hall in an aging minivan. When his brothers bought him the Cadillac Esacalade, he told them was uncomfortable behind the wheel of the flashy new car.Moe Doiron/The Globe and Mail
On July 19, Mayor Rob Ford pulled into a Scarborough neighbourhood in a brand new black Cadillac Escalade, and parked himself right in the middle of another debate about whether his commuting behaviour constitutes a story.
The Toronto Sun ran a short piece under the headline "Ford now a Caddy man," in which the mayor said he saved "a lot of money" to purchase the vehicle, which lists between $63,170 to $82,770.
The Toronto Star followed up with a report that the car was actually a gift from his two brothers, Doug and Randy, and a column opining that the expensive luxury car belied the mayor's "of the people" credentials.
City councillors were asked to weigh in, a check of the Escalade's license plate revealed the SUV is registered to the Ford family business, people were told to "go to hell," Twitter lit up, online commenters began throwing around phrases like "union made" and "none of anyone's business."
The car got so much ink that a picture of the mayor posing alongside a white supremacist at the New Year Levee actually seemed like a welcome change of topic.
Like it or not, the mayor's ride has become the definitive emblem of his leadership, thus far. If you want to know how someone feels about the guy, try bringing it up.
"It's a very quick way to make a judgment of someone, even if it's not a fair one. We attach personalities to vehicles," said Duncan MacLellan, associate professor of politics at Ryerson University. "When people look at politicians they latch onto things they can find commonalities in, or that they can use to criticize."
The Mayor's commuting habits seem to cut a distinct and torturous line through the city psyche, much like Dundas Street West – reportedly the Etobicoke resident's preferred route home from City Hall.
On one side, you have those who see his commute (during which he has been accused of flipping off a small child, driving past open streetcar doors and talking on his phone) as evidence that he is environmentally insensitive and anti-transit and cycling.
"Rob Ford now drives an Escalade," Tweeted Madeline Marovino this week. "He's clearly determined to 'off' each cyclist in the city one side swipe at a time."
To others, including Mayor Ford, the ultimate display of privilege would be employing a personal driver. He has prided himself on paying for his own transportation, even as other politicians accept a driver as a perk of public office. To some, the fact that people even talk about the kind of car Mr. Ford drives, let alone criticize him for it, shows a liberal elitist bias and downtown double standard.
"Leave the guy alone … if he wants to drive an Escalade, let him. Does it really matter?" David MacKinnon posted on AutoBlog Canada. "Next, they will be complaining because he accidentally threw a pop can in the garbage and didn't recycle. Geez."
But for those who think scrutiny of the Escalade is unfair, history reveals that Mr. Ford is not the only leader to have information about his personal transportation made public.
Mayor David Miller was driven around in a Prius after his 2003 election, later trading it in for a Chevrolet Malibu hybrid, which his staff were sure to point out uses the "most Canadian parts of any hybrid."
John Sewell rode a bicycle as mayor; David Crombie rode the subway.
In 2006, Mississauga Mayor Hazel McCallion, then 85, drove into a signpost and considered getting a chauffeur.
Vancouver Mayor Gregor Robertson, founder of the organic juice company Happy Planet, rides his bike to work, according to his staff.
It's only occasionally that a politician's personal conveyance is out of step with their image.
In Calgary, Mayor Naheed Nenshi drives himself to and from work, a 25 minute commute, and uses integrated Bluetooth.
"He does not cycle but respects those who do. During the day, he generally travels around the city to appointments using a mix of transit and driving," said his spokesperson Daorcey Le Bray. "He does use a driver on occasion, particularly around the Calgary Stampede, when he could have 20 events in a day. But, generally, he prefers to drive himself."
For years, Mr. Ford has driven to and from City Hall in an aging minivan, and he told his brothers he was uncomfortable behind the wheel of the flashy new car.
City councillor Doug Ford told reporters he hoped the Escalade would prompt his brother to get a driver.
Of course, there are still ways to get in the news, even if you're not behind the wheel.
Earlier this summer, the black Chevrolet Suburbans used to ferry around New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg were featured in the New York Post.
His security staff was seen outfitting the SUVs with window air conditioning units, plugged into City Hall with an extension cord. Apparently Mr. Bloomberg has been criticized for letting the cars idle with the AC running, in violation of the city's three-minute idling limit, and was experimenting with a more environmentally friendly way of keeping his ride cool.
"We do this all the time with politicians. There's a whole narrative we develop when we see public officials driving a Smart car or riding a bike, like Jack Layton used to do, or driving in a limousine with a driver," said Mr. MacLellan. "We think it communicates something, even if it doesn't."
Follow Siri Agrell on Twitter: @SiriAgrellOpens in a new window
Mayor Ford denies knowledge of former neo-Nazi musician's identity
Harper to meet with Toronto's Mayor Ford to discuss crime
Ontario pledges $12.5-million to combat gun violence, but won't pay for more police


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Home Featured Gateway Antarctic city Christchurch leads polar education
Gateway Antarctic city Christchurch leads polar education
UC polar historian and Winston Churchill Memorial Trust Fellow Dr Ursula Rack travels to three countries with strong connections to the southern continent, and reports on how they remember, celebrate and communicate their Antarctic histories. Polar history comes alive in Christchurch, New Zealand, with a variety of public educational and academic resources.
UC Science
Dr Ursula Rack speaks about her research during the session "The role of Polar museums and advanced science" at the SCAR POLAR2018 conference in Davos, Switzerland.
Christchurch is justifiably proud of its strong relationship to the southernmost continent, and punches above its weight in communicating research about Antarctic history to the public, says Dr Ursula Rack.
UC polar historian Dr Rack travelled to Washington DC, Columbus in Ohio (USA), Bremerhaven (Germany), Cambridge and London (UK), all cities with strong connections to the Antarctic, thanks to a Winston Churchill Memorial Trust fellowship. She reported back on how these countries remember, celebrate and communicate their Antarctic histories.
"New Zealand, and especially Christchurch, is doing well compared to other countries like the US. Columbus (Ohio) has the Admiral Byrd Archive, but outside the archive there is no sign of Antarctic history. In Washington DC there are archives but outside these locations there is no general Antarctic history visible."
Lincoln Ellsworth's Polar plane in the National Air and Space Museum in Washington DC.
Compare this to Christchurch's statue of explorer Robert Scott, which stood proudly and prominently in the central city from 1917 and was reinstated after significant earthquake damage in 2017.
The situation was better in Europe. "In Bremerhaven, Germany, a great effort is visible at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research for more awareness of Polar history. Since 2012 an archive has been established that takes these efforts to a new level."
Cambridge and London stood out. "The Scott Polar Research Institute has not only a very rich archive but also a Polar Museum which is one of the few "pure" polar museums – most of the time these museums are only a part of bigger museums like maritime museums."
London's National Maritime Museum opened a new permanent Polar Worlds exhibition in September and the Royal Geographical Society's rich archive informs historic projects such as the unprecedented international Weddell Sea Expedition.
Back in Aotearoa New Zealand, the Canterbury Museum, Antarctica NZ and the popular International Antarctic visitors Centre in Christchurch, as well as the Lyttelton Museum (currently being rebuilt), provide a variety of public educational and academic resources. They are important, not just for keeping polar history alive, but for the economic value for New Zealand and Christchurch, in particular, that current research attracts -$124m of value to Canterbury in 2016 according to a report prepared for Antarctic NZ, which also identified 900 firms supplying goods and services to the four national Antarctic programmes based in Christchurch.
The Winston Churchill Memorial Trust fellowship has already helped Dr Rack to secure research funding; the Harriette Jenkins Award from the Graduate Women New Zealand. In addition, as a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society in London and an Institute Associate at Scott Polar Research Institute, along with positions at many local institutions, Dr Rack now has her future sights set on gaining funding to research a significant gap in our Antarctic history – the little recognised contribution of women and Māori to polar exploration.
Read Dr Rack's full report "Frozen history: How different countries research, collect and communicate their Antarctic history"
Read more: UC Antarctica researcher wins Winston Churchill Fellowship
Winston Churchill Memorial Trust Fellowships
The Winston Churchill Memorial Trust Fellowships, administered by the Department of Internal Affairs, help New Zealanders to travel overseas to learn from others and study topics that will be of personal benefit, help them advance their occupation, trade, industry, profession or community and New Zealand in general. Fellows return to New Zealand with new knowledge, skills, inspiration and networks to share and support development in their field.
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http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/science
The College of Science at the University of Canterbury delivers high quality learning through teaching that builds on our research excellence.

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also available: Paperback
publisher: PRH Canada Young Readers
imprint: Penguin Teen
Fourth Dimension
by Eric Walters
survival stories, apocalyptic & post-apocalyptic, dystopian
In a world with no power, chaos soon descends. A powerful look at the disintegration of society in the wake of a massive and mysterious outage that has knocked out all modern amenities.
Fifteen-year-old Emma has moved house with her ex-Marine mother and younger brother. It's a brand-new condo building, which explains the semi-regular power outages, as workers complete the units around them. So Emma isn't particularly concerned when the latest blackout hits just as they are preparing to leave town on a long weekend camping trip. But then the car won't start, and their cellphones appear dead -- and all the cars outside their building seem to be stalled in a long traffic jam ...
In the midst of what appears to be a massive power outage, with their camping gear packed and ready, Emma and her family canoe over to the islands, just offshore, to wait it out. But while they land on an isolated island, with a relatively hidden site, they are far from safe, as people become increasingly desperate to find food and shelter. And as the days pass, and the power remains out, the threat of violence becomes all too real.
Eric Walters
ERIC WALTERS, a former elementary school teacher, is one of Canada's most popular authors for children and young adults. He has written more than seventy books that together have won more than a hundred awards, and talks to hundreds of young people in schools and libraries across the country each year. He is also the founder of Creation of Hope, which provides care for orphans in the Makueni district of Kenya, and lives in Mississauga, Ontario. Visit him online at www.ericwalters.net.
Eric Walters's young adult novels have won numerous awards, including the Silver Birch, Blue Heron, Red Maple, Snow Willow, and Ruth Schwartz Awards, and have received honors from UNESCO's international award for Literature in the Service of Tolerance. He lives in Mississauga, Ontario.
Short-listed, Snow Willow Award
"I recommend Fourth Dimension to fans of The Rule of 3 series as well as those readers who enjoy action/adventure, realistic, or post-apocalyptic stories. Emma and her mother are strong female characters who are great role models for teenage girls. . . . Recommended." --CM Magazine
Walters Rules YA Fiction
By [Trish Osuch]
Twice a month, we invite an educator to share their perspective on essential books for your classroom. To apply to ...
Other Titles by Eric Walters
Tiger by the Tail
also available: Paperback eBook eBook Paperback Paperback
tagged : jungle animals
also available: eBook eBook Paperback
Tiger Town
Tiger in Trouble
also available: eBook Paperback


Rivers United midfielder, Ayo Saka has stressed the importance of their home win over Shooting Stars in their rescheduled league tie which lifted them to 13th on the table with 33 points ahead of their Caf Confederation Cup tie with Club Africain.
The former Sunshine Stars man played a key role in the 1-0 victory and he claimed that the victory has given them the needed boost ahead of their must win Caf Confederation Cup tie against the Tunisians.
"It was a tough encounter but it was important we picked the three points which we did. Shooting Stars came with a ploy to neutralize our attacking moves but we were saved by the goal we scored in the first half. We have a more difficult assignment on Sunday against Club Africain and we must come all out to defend the colours of the club and that of the country," Saka told Goal.


Sunny Beach holidays take you one of the main, purpose built resorts on Bulgaria's Black Sea coast. It lies twenty miles north of Bourgas and is served by two airports, Varna and Bourgas. Spread along four miles of fine sand, and gently lapped by a tideless sea, it has wide appeal. The beach has Blue Flag status and is cleaned and groomed each day. Much of the accommodation is high rise hotels and apartments. While it may not be the prettiest resort, it provides all you need for a happy holiday by the sea. A variety of water sports are available. They include banana boat rides, wind surfing, water skiing and jet skiing. Other activities include golf and tennis, cycling and horse riding. There are two water parks nearby. Sightseeing includes the UNESCO listed historic town of Nessebar with its Greek and Roman ruins.
Modern accommodation provides high levels of comfort and service is very good. It is easy to remain within your budget if you choose the all-inclusive board option. Some of the best offers provide amazingly good value. A plethora of restaurants, bars, cafes and fast food establishments cater for all tastes and pockets. Local wines are inexpensive and pleasing to the palate. There are more than sufficient shops to provide for all your needs and there are also local markets. Nightlife can be as lively or as relaxed as you wish as there are venues to suit all moods.
Cheap Sunny Beach holidays can be enjoyed from spring until late autumn. Temperatures rise to thirty in the middle of the summer season. Several budget airlines fly direct to Bourgas from regional airports. Check to see if there is a service from your own local airport. Tranfer times to Sunny Beach take less than an hour.
Having chosen the Bulgarian resort of Sunny Beach, you next task is to find a good deal. We can help and it only takes one quick search. Sandy Dunes Holidays is a price comparison site with access to the best offers from almost forty travel companies. As they are all competing for your booking you are sure to grab a bargain. Simply enter your point of departure, your dates and destination and within a couple of minutes, we'll show you the Sunny Beach holiday that is the cheapest. Please note that offers change daily. If you like what you see, act quickly to avoid disappointment. Ring the number and reserve your place without delay.


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All Spain blogs Start your own blog
Our Andalucian paradise
My husband and I had lived in Mexico City, LA, Paris, Guadalajara, Oslo, Montreal and Vancouver. On a rainy November night we moved to a small town an hour inland from Malaga. 'Our Andalusian paradise' is about the historical town of Ronda, the mountains that surrounds it, the white villages dotted amongst them, of hikes, donkey trails and excursions around Andalucía and journeys further afield.
A subterranean meeting with the new Neanderthals - La Cueva de Ardales
23 October 2019 @ 21:24
Imagine a perfect prehistoric time capsule laying undisturbed for millennia. This is La Cueva de Ardales, an enormous cave near the small town of Ardales, 50 kilometres from the Mediterranean coast. The cave would likely never have been discovered had it not been for an earthquake that shook the region in 1821. The tremor opened a small crack into an underground world that had not seen light or been visited for at least 3,000 years.
A cave tour in the 1800s
Only two years after its discovery, in 1823, the cave became the first in Spain to open to the public. For a mere 2 reales people could visit the new national tourist attraction, said to contain fossilized human remains. Doña Trinidad Grund, a woman much before her time, bought the cave area in 1860, adding the current railings and stone steps to improve access – and on occasion using her acquisition as a staging ground for flamenco shows for the high society of Malaga and Sevilla.
The first scientist to study the rock art in the cave was the famous French archaeologist, geologist and priest Henri Breuil, who visited the cave with the Spanish geologist and engineer Miguel Such in 1918. Breuil's findings were published in the prestigious Parisian scientific journal L'Antropologie in 1921. It was clear that the ancient rock paintings were significant, but research methods then weren't able to specify dates beyond 'prehistoric'.
A subterranean walk of otherworldly beauty
If you have never been into a natural subterranean grotto, it is an otherworldly, or actually under-worldly experience.
Caves keep a steady year-around temperature, in the case of Ardales of 17 degrees Centigrade with 90 to 100% humidity. It is a practically enclosed atmosphere that undergoes microscopic changes in the space of millennia. This makes cave interiors completely different from anything you will see on the earths' surface.
Visiting La Curva de Ardales is worthwhile for its natural beauty alone. From the information centre, visitors drive on a meandering road into a hilly region, where the coastal planes and the interior mountains meet. A pyramid-structure protects the entrance, only allowing 15 visitors per day, as preservation is essential. Our guide tells us to leave bags, cameras and cell phones in the cars, so nothing will 'accidentally' be photographed or inadvertently end up in someone's backpack. Once inside, he distributes flashlights and locks the door securely behind us. Then, minding each slippery step, we begin the two-hour underground adventure.
The 1577-meters long cavity takes us through narrow passages and enormous underground galleries, past upside-down columns, hidden lakes and million-year-old stalactite formations. Each section is known for its visual counterpart above ground, like the Waterfall, the Church Organ or the Hall of the Stars, while the naming also helps map out an otherwise hard to navigate subterranean landscape.
Some sections shimmer as if encrusted with microscopic diamonds, though actually it is our flashlights catching particles of calcium. Other places, iron and copper deposits have coloured the cave wall yellow or red, which become brighter when wet. The entire cave interior is like a surrealist film set, where stone appears to have melted on to itself and every wall is a genuine piece of art. Anyone who has been to Gaudi's Sacrada Familia will clearly see from where he got his inspiration!
Dating the cave - From Carbon 14 to Uranium-Thorium and 3D scans
Though it became a National Monument in 1931 and was used as an air shelter during the Spanish Civil War, the cave was semi-abandoned for much of the 1900s. It would be almost a century after Breuil's initial exploration before a team of international scientists were able to accurately date the oldest rock paintings.
Many have heard of Carbon-14, a scientific method of dating organic material by measuring content of the radioactive isotope of carbon. Discovered by Willard Libby in 1946, it provided the first objective age-estimation of up to 30,000 year-old prehistoric findings. It was the state of the art in its day, but as a dating method today, it is rather outmoded.
The latest method, known by scientists as U/Th dating, uses a precise uranium-thorium technique, which overcome some of the limitations of carbon testing. "U/Th method dates geological processes without having to touch the colouring material of the cave art", explains Pedro Cantalejo Duarte, the director of the archaeological complex. The process avoids contamination during collection and handling while enabling definite dates without age restrictions. With new computer technology, researchers can also discover if a piece of flint was worked with a stone, bone or other material, to better understand the prehistoric human way of life.
Terrestrial laser scanning is another recent technique in geoarchaeological exploration. This has been used in Ardales to create a topographical 3D model of the cave and surroundings. The scans can help establish cave dimensions, ceiling thicknesses, entrances, as well as creating lighting simulations to determine areas reached by natural light.
50,000 years of cave art
The Ardales cave is a perfectly preserved time capsule of not one, but several prehistoric époques. Tens of thousands of years ago beings like us left messages on the walls for reasons that are still unknown, but with the help of science, a new door of knowledge is opening.
A multidisciplinary international research team has been investigating the cave since the 1990s, led by the Universities of Cádiz and Köln. To date, more than 1000 motives of rock art made over 50,000 years have been discovered, which granted the Ardales cave a Patrimony of Humankind in 1998. "This is one of the most interesting places on the Iberian Peninsula, and perhaps one of the areas least known to the general public," says Pedro Cantalejo Duarte.
The first hominids arrived on the Iberian Peninsula about 1.2 million years ago in the Palaeolithic period. Mostly nomadic, their lives consisted of hunting, gathering and struggling to survive. They carved stone and bone into tools and weapons and used fire for heat and protection. Skeletal studies indicate that their society was more egalitarian with food distributed evenly amongst a group. Palaeolithic art is figurative and life-like. In the Ardales cave it includes paintings of goats, bulls, snakes, birds and human female figures.
The introduction of agriculture about 10,000 years ago started the Neolithic era. Farming led to a more settled life, new tools and pottery, while also introducing the concept of private property. Cave art from this era is more abstract, using lines, dots and symbols.
The Ardales cave was also used as a necropolis. Funeral deposits with 5,000 year-old human remains were discovered near the original cave opening. Recent excavations have revealed findings from 60-70,000, 45,000, 20,000 and up to 12,000 years ago, in layers less than a foot apart. Discoveries of micro-fauna has made it possible to study Palaeolithic diet and health, indicating that they ate mostly dear, mountain goats and wild cattle. The studies confirmed that life would have been tough. Children had to work and hunt from an early age and few adults lived past 40.
The cave also contains nine rare negative hand imprints, only found in 32 caves worldwide. The imprints were produced about 30,000 years ago by putting a hand on the rock. Using straws as a primitive paint dispenser, they would spray natural pigments onto the wall, leaving a negative imprint where the hand had been. The different fingers positions have led scientists to believe that it was some sort of hand signal.
How Neanderthal are we?
The Neanderthal "cavemen" never had their permanent homes inside caves. International scientists have found no proof of on-going prehistoric habitation in caves, which have limited supply of light, oxygen and food. Caves can extend for kilometres into a mountain, making for a very dark home. In addition, most nutrients cannot be found in caves and fires can only be lit where smoke can escape. Prehistoric populations therefore are believed to have lived near caves, finding temporary shelter inside them.
We often think of Neanderthals as hairy, squat-brained creatures of low intelligence. In fact, we might be embarrassed to discover that ancestry swab-tests reveal that we are a tiny percentage Neanderthal! All non-African populations apparently have between 1.5 to 2.1 % Neanderthal genetic material, while as much as 20% of Neanderthal DNA may have survived in modern human skin, hair and diseases. Our Neanderthal ancestors were physically stronger than us, but similar in size and weight. If they survived their first 20 years, they might live almost half a century. They died out about 40,000 years ago, having shared the sparsely populated planet with the subspecies Homo Sapiens Sapiens, who lived at the end of the Neanderthal era.
If you happen to carry Neanderthal genes, do not despair. New discoveries from Ardales have brought exciting knowledge about our long gone ancestors, which almost will make you proud to be one…
Neanderthal fingerprints
The most remarkable cave art in La Cueva de Ardales go back at least 65,500 years. Using U/Th dating, scientists have now proven that the markings are 20,000 years older than when formerly believed that prehistoric art began, and, more significantly, 20,000 years older than our species. They have therefore concluded that the first pre-human inhabitants to the Iberian Peninsula, the Neanderthals, produced Europe's most ancient art. Before this discovery, artistic expressions were exclusively attributed to Homo Sapiens, thinking Neanderthals didn't have sufficient mental capacity for art, but the cave markings challenge this belief.
Neanderthals made red paint from iron deposits and marked almost the entire cave with finger and hand imprints (except areas now only accessible by metal ladders). Leaving signs for future visitors, they planned where to put these to avoid calcium deposits covering them. From the size and placement, scientists have determined that children, likely held in the arms of their Neanderthal parents, made some of the markings. What? Thinkers, teachers, caring parents, strategizers and communicators, this is not how most of us have regarded our pre-human ancestors…
Total darkness and Neolithic lanterns
Modern humans are rarely in the dark. Contemporary society doesn't allow us to be in total darkness, nor in complete silence. When our trusted guide Gerardo asked us to turn off our flashlights, some found it uncomfortable. With absolutely no light, we become acutely aware of our other senses - the smell of wetness and stone, an occasional drop falling, the silent echo of a cavernous space. After a brief moment of adjustment, a deep feeling of peace and reverence descended upon me. I could almost imagine how prehistoric visitors must have felt and why they ventured on a dark and risky journey into the centre of the earth to leave their fingerprint in this very cave.
Taking about darkness, fire has been known to humans for more than a million years. Our ancestors might have carried flaming torches when clambering around bare footed in the slippery cave, but at one point they invented the prehistoric floor lantern. Carving hollows into broken stalagmites, the first Neolithic wax candle was created from bone marrow and bees' wax, using juniper root as wicks.
The last unwritten chapter
The Council of Europe Cultural Routes included La Cuava de Ardales under Prehistoric Rock Art Trails in 2010, making it part of a new concept of scientific tourism. But the cave still has unexplored parts and chambers to be excavated.
What other stories does the cave have to tell? Is it a key to pre-human existence and an answer to where we came from? The prehistoric art was made for us to see. Scientists explain cave paintings as our traffic signs - a system of structured graphic symbols clearly understood by those who lived at the time. Yet for all our scientific progress, we still do not know exactly what they are telling us. Some paintings are found a thousand meters into caves in places that are virtually inaccessible even now. Why did they do it? It had to have been more than an artistic urge to paint a horse. Were they topographic marks, calendars, pledges, celebrations or part of religious rituals? We do not know for sure. What we do know is that they were extremely important.
The research at the Ardales cave continues, but some mysteries might be left to crack by a future generation of hominids.
General notes:
As picture taking is not permitted in the cave, some of the photographs used in this article are taken from the Ardales visitation centre or from display panels outside the cave.
Guided tours must be pre-booked, and are generally in Spanish. For more information, please go to La Cueva de Ardales
Academía: Cueva de Ardales, (Málaga, España) Patrimonio Prehistórico en el Sur de la Península Ibérica.
Caminito del Rey and its surroundings - Nomination Proposal for inclusion on the World Heritage list
Cueva de Ardales o Doña Trindad - Ayuntamiento de Ardales
Diputacíon de Málaga
Malaga en el Corazon - La increíble historia de la vida de doña trinidad grund
Axarquiaplus - El hallazgo de pinturas en cueva de Ardales habitada por neandertales revoluciona la historia del Arte
Henri Breuil La grotte d'Ardales, L'Anthropologie, Paris 1921
Editorial La Serranía – Interview with Pedro Cantalejo Duarte
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migueldelnorte said:
What a wonderful insight, Karethe, into such an interesting place. Although I used to live in Malaga, and often used to visit Ardales for the lakes, I never heard of the existence of these caves. Thank you for sharing so much information on them. During my travels, I have been fortunate to visit a number of really fascinating caves including those at Altamira and Nerja, St. Michael's in Gibraltar, as well as the famous Cango caves near Oudtshoorn in South Africa. The presence of such impressive natural works of art combined with the efforts of our ancestors gave much opportunity for reflection. Today I wonder what our descendants will think of our race; what will we have left for them to marvel at except land polluted by rubbish tips and oceans filled with currents of plastic? Will any of the man-made wonders of our age survive for a thousand years let alone fifty thousand?
cowiz said:
Dear Karethe, Once again you have taken your league of followers on a fantastic journey and brought a national treasure to life for all of us! We have been to Ardales several times but never to La Cueva. This newest story makes us want to experience these caves for ourselves. Thank you, as always for bringing another beautiful spot in Andalusia to life through your writings!
toolman2 said:
I was fixated when I read this article, I have long had an interest in caves and have visited several in Spain but had not heard of this one. It seems that Spain has been an important centre for civilisation from about 70,000 years ago. Reading news reports lately, particularly scientific and medical, Spain is still and progressively so, leading the world in new advancements. I think the Ardales cave is now on my list of places to go. Pitty that photography is not allowed, modern digital cameras are very good in low light so flashes are not required as the high UV that damages inks and paints . Thanks Karethe, another very interesting and well written article.
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Karethe
Karethe is a Norwegian writer living in Ronda. She is the Editor-in-Chief of Det Norske Magasinet and a regular contributor to Essential Magazine (English), Society Magazine (English), Det Norske Magasinet (Norwegian), En Sueco (Swedish) and La Danesa magazine (Danish). Her book 'Casita 26 - Searching for a Slice of Andalusian Paradise' is available as paperback and e-book on Amazon. For more information, please go to www.snobb.net (Email: karethe@snobb.net)
«We choose the Costa del Sol» Meet four young Scandinavian golf enthusiasts who are spending the pandemic in Southern Spain
…and then came the snow…
The new Scandinavian eco cuisine – a conversation with chef Fredrik Anderson at Finca La Donaira
A jolly pedal along the Spanish Via Verdes
Autumn 2020 – Seize the possibilities within the limitations
A classic high – a hot air balloon flight over Ronda
A dozen + 1 reasons to spend a weekend in romantic Ronda
Tinto de Verano and other Spanish thirst-quenchers
La Donaira – pure luxury, pure nature and pure conscience
The joys of community gardening – far beyond fresh vegetables
57! Me? How did that happen?
Spain's one kilometre of freedom
Breathe in. Breathe out - week five of lockdown in southern Spain
Mindfulness through the quiet storm
Lérida and the lesser known Spain
Growing Nuts in La Serranía de Ronda
Divine Spanish Holiday Treats – spending a day in our local convent kitchen
The Madrid Climate Conference and the 'no-pasa nada' rural Andalucía
Want to learn Spanish? Seven tips on how to go native
Long weekend in Lisbon - a pastel city portrait
For more stories, please go to my web site, snobb
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Enjoy locating with the AquaTracer. It has all the essential features to reliably locate underground services. With the best frequencies for locating water pipes this locator has to be the first choice for water operators.
Professional: The SeCorr C 200 is a state-of-the-art, portable high-performance correlator, which enables leaks in underground pipelines to be located reliably, quickly and accurately to allow excavation to begin. Its user interface is clearly and logically laid out. There are many extra functions available for complex location scenarios.


When you start the home buying process, it can seem a little intimidating. Below you will find answers to some of our most frequently asked questions as well as tips from our home buying experts so you can feel more confident about finding your dream home.
Before you look, get pre-qualified for a loan.
If you have bad credit, consult your lender.
You will need a down payment.
You will need funds for closing costs.
Some loans have "points" and some do not.
Should you select a mortgage with a fixed rate or an adjustable rate?
Do you need program assistance?
Why might you have to pay mortgage insurance?
Should you get home loan counseling?
Banks, Credit Unions, Mortgage Bankers, and Mortgage Brokers make home loans. These lenders will take an application, process the loan documents, and see the loan through to the funding stage.
You may be able to qualify for a loan depending on how long ago and what reason(s) caused the bad credit. A lender should be able to advise you on whether your credit history will prevent you from qualifying for a home loan.
Down payment requirements vary between 3 to 20% or more depending on the type of loan. Many down payment assistant programs exist. These programs may loan or grant you the funds necessary for the down payment. Consult with a lender about programs available in your area.
A point is a loan origination fee equivalent to 1% of the loan amount. Together with the interest rate they constitute the yield on your loan for the lender. Some lenders charge a higher interest rate to compensate for charging no points. It is important to comparison shop lenders to make sure your loan is at a competitive yield.
The answer to this question depends on whether mortgage rates are at a high or a low point when you purchase, and on how long you plan to live in the home. If rates are high, an adjustable rate might be attractive since subsequent rate drops could reduce your monthly payments. Additionally, lenders may offer a below-market rate during the first few years of an adjustable mortgage to make it appealing to you. If interest rates are low you might want to take a fixed rate to protect yourself against the possibility of rising interest rates.
If you are a low or moderate income home buyer, there are special programs designed to help you. These loans are available through private lenders, as well as local and state housing agencies. Most lenders specializing in real estate mortgage loans are aware of these types of loan programs.
Mortgage insurance protects the lender from potential loss if you should default on your mortgage loan payment. Generally, conventional loans that are less than 80% loan-to-value do not require mortgage insurance. For FHA mortgage loans, mortgage insurance is always required. It is referred to as a Mortgage Insurance Premium (MIP) and is collected regardless of the Loan-to-Value.
Many organizations offer home loan counseling to prospective home buyers. These organizations provide classes for home buyers to cover the steps to home ownership. They will cover home selection, realtor services, lenders, loan programs, home ownership responsibilities, saving for a down payment, and other important pieces of information. Many first-time home buyer programs require home buyers to attend this type of class to be eligible for selected programs.


One of the most important issues in developing countries is how to finance SMEs. Although microcredit and new forms of financial inclusion are increasingly prominent in the literature, much empirical evidence shows that banks are still the main financial actors. This study focuses on loan officers' risk propensity and finds that, among other conclusions, that performance incentives affect lending decisions. The paper is written by Shawn Cole (Harvard Business School), Martin Kanz (Harvard University) and Leora Klapper (The World Bank).


If you are looking for a bright spot from Sunday's loss, San Francisco 49ers rookie cornerback Rashard Robinson was impressive in his first NFL start. He was the highest rated player for the 49ers as he played in place of Jimmie Ward, who is week-to-week with a quad injury.
Robinson, who played in 67 snaps (88%) on Sunday, had a 92.3 grade from advanced statistics site Pro Football Focus. Prior to Week 4, he had only played in 45 snaps through the first three weeks of the season. Robinson's overall grade (84.5) for the season is a second only to ILB NaVorro Bowman (86.0), who is feared to be lost for the season with a torn Achilles.
"CB Rashard Robinson was targeted five times by Prescott and allowed two catches for only 12 yards," wrote Jordan Plocher or Pro Football Focus. "Robinson broke up the other three passes, and Prescott's QB rating when throwing at Robinson was only 47.9."
"If you need something positive from the game, Rashard Robinson looked like he has a bright future in this league," Jeff Deeney of Pro Football Focus said Sunday night.
The Cowboys' two touchdown passes went against the starting cornerback opposite Robinson – Tramaine Brock. Robinson has overtaken Jimmie Ward (82.6) as the team's top graded cornerback for the season. He may be making a case for himself to remain the team's starting cornerback once Ward is healthy enough to return – or perhaps a pairing of Robinson and Ward is in the 49ers' future.


What is the cost to register my child / children?
Families that register 3 or more children from the same household will be entitled to a family discount. For child #3 and beyond they will be entitled to a $40 discount per player.
The registration fee includes a team jersey, matching shorts and soccer socks, registration with Ontario Soccer Association, approximately 10-12 games (weather permitting), a team photo, lunch on the Day of Champions as well as a Participant momento at the end of the season. Other small soccer related gifts may be given out based on our sponsorship this season.
Do you need to live in Windsor to register with W.S.C.?
No, we welcome players and families from throughout Essex County.
Where are games & practices played?
All games are scheduled at Ford Test Track Park, located here in Windsor. The WSC rents the fields from the City, with all maintenance to fields handled by their workers. We encourage all our coaches to hold their team practices there also, when possible.
WSC in accordance with OSA Guidelines determines which division a child is placed in based on the players year of birth.
How are the players selected?
Players simply sign up. This is Recreational Soccer. There are no try-outs and no cuts. Every player plays. There are three age groups with mixed gender: Grassroots 4, 5 & 6's. After players are separated by gender and placed in their appropriate age groups. It is sometimes required due to lack of numbers in certain age groups to combine age groups (ie. U10G=9+10 yr olds, Sr. Boys=16+17+18+19 yrs).
For Grassroots 4, 5 & 6: The emphasis at these ages is being comfortable with a ball. Training is based on activities and allowing players to have fun first of all. Stress is also on the A-B-C's (Agility, Balance & Co-ordination). Games are played up to 5 vs 5 with no designated goal keeper on a micro sized field. First a 1/2 training session, followed by game time which is two 10 min quarters with a 5 min break at half. Coaches work with the players on the field during the game.
For Grassroots under 8: The program for these ages is based on the OSA FUNdamentals curriculum. Training sessions are station based, where all teams in their division train on one central night. During the practice players will spend an allotted time at each station having fun, developing specific skills and qualities before moving onto the next station. By using station work we create an environment where players are continually motivated and that they are continually challenged. Games are played 5 vs 5 with a goal-keeper. Coaches are not allowed on the field for u8 divisions, will utilize a referee (when possible).
For Grassroots Boys/Girls 9 & 10: Games are played 7 vs 7 this includes a goal keeper on each side. Games are played on a Mini sized field. Game time is 4x15 minute quarters with a 5 min break in between. Note: game times may be shortened due to approaching weather or darkness. Referees are provided and coaches are not permitted on the field during game time. Practices will be scheduled by coaches during the week.
For Boys/Girls U11 - Senior: Games are played according to FIFA rules with specific club rules also added.
What if a game or practice is canceled due to bad weather?
If a practice is canceled due to bad weather, your coach will reschedule the practice if necessary.
If a game is canceled due to bad weather, efforts will be made to make up the game. Unfortunately the season can not go beyond mid August and therefore some games may not be made up.
Note: Bad weather is defined as lightning in the area, heavy rain, or high winds. Games will be played in light rain conditions.
Now that I have registered, when will my coach contact me?
We expect to have team rosters to the coaches by the 3rd week of April. You should expect a call within days of the coaches receiving their team rosters. If you have not received a call by May 1st, please check our website for information. If the website does not offer the necessary information, please contact WSC @ 519-944-2536.
Are you looking for Coaches?
Yes. With the growing number of children interested in playing soccer, there is a higher demand for coaches. If you or anyone you know is interested in coaching, please contact us @ 519-944-2536. Some benefits of coaching are: you and your child will be on the team and you set practice times and locations. Coaches will be required to complete a Screening Disclosure Form (in place of Police Clearance). Community service hours will be given to high school students looking to meet their 40 hour requirements. Minimum age for Coaches & Assistants u4-u4 16years old, for u9 to Seniors 18 years old. Email: info@windsorsoccerclub.com with a copy of the completed Coaches Application Form.
Are you looking for volunteers other than coaches?
Yes. There are several ways in which you can help the club by volunteering your time. Contact us at 519-944-2536 to express your interest and to discuss possible roles you can support. Community service hours will be given to high school students looking to meet their 40 hour requirements.
Are you looking for team sponsorship?
Yes. Corporate sponsorship is key to WSC providing the lowest possible fees to our players. If your company is willing to sponsor a team in our club, please contact us at 519-944-2536 for more information or visit our website (link).
Can I choose which team my child is on?
Unfortunately no special requests are allowed. We are unable to accommodate special team placement requests due to the large number of registrants and the limited amount of time we have to organize the soccer season. If transportation to the game is an issue and you don't know anyone on the team, we are confident that parents on the team will be able to assist you if you ask them. Once teams are decided, only the WSC Board of Directors will be able to change them. Parents and coaches of different teams are not permitted to exchange players without Board approval. Any team change requests must be submitted in writing to the WSC office to be approved only with valid reasons. Carpooling, coach preference or wanting to be on the "winning team" are not considered valid reasons and will be declined. The only exception to the special request rules is the placement of siblings that are of the same age group and gender (except for teams that are mixed with boys and girls) on the same team.
Are there any programs for families that are financially disadvantaged?
Yes, there are several organizations that will help families in need pay for a portion of their registration costs. Please contact the Club by phone (519-944-2536) or email info@windsorsoccerclub.com for more information.


text:
Thursday 12 Jan 2023, 00:01
Minister for Education and the Welsh Language Jeremy Miles
£5m fund to be created to support innovation in Further Education
Creu cronfa £5m i gefnogi arloesi mewn addysg bellach
A new £5m Innovation Fund is to be established to support Further Education (FE) colleges look at new ways to support learners, the Minister for Education and Welsh Language, Jeremy Miles has announced.
The fund will invest in projects which aim to support learners in key areas including skill development, wellbeing and resilience and adaptability while helping FE colleges work together.
Supporting creative solutions is at the heart of the fund; encouraging colleges to explore new ways of working and continuing to ensure Wales is a place where people of all ages receive a high-quality education. Colleges have already implemented successful initiatives like Junior Apprenticeships, Employment Bureaus and Accelerated Learning programmes; the fund will look to expand on these already successful programmes.
Alongside this, the Minister has also allocated further funding to FE colleges to help with rising costs. Over £2.5m will be used to support learners undertaking vocational programmes by helping colleges to cover the increased costs of consumable materials like wood and steel, critical to vocational courses such as construction.
The Financial Contingency Fund will also receive a boost of £1.345m. The fund supports learners who are experiencing financial hardship; enabling them to continue to access a college education. Learners who might be entitled to this support should get in touch with their college.
Minister for Education and Welsh Language, Jeremy Miles, said: "The cost-of-living crisis represents significant challenge to colleges, so we need to look at new ways of working. The Innovation Fund will allow FE providers to consider creative new ways of working and collaborating with others in the sector to benefit learners.
"I look forward to seeing new concepts and I know providers will rise to the challenge.
"Money should never be a barrier to accessing education, which is why I am also pleased to increase funding to the Financial Contingency Fund, which will now be able to assist more learners. This can help with costs like meals, childcare and travel to make sure learners facing low income can keep learning."


In a nice marketing initiative, Cathay Pacific has introduced Betsy Beer – the world's first hand-crafted bottled beer brewed to be enjoyed at 35,000ft.
"The quality of the inflight dining experience has always been an important focus for Cathay Pacific – the airline has long sought collaborations with renowned partners, restaurants and chefs in order to provide its customers with innovative dishes and beverages as part of its philosophy of a Life Well Travelled.
"To that end, Hong Kong's home carrier is delighted today to announce the launch of Betsy Beer, the world's first hand-crafted bottled beer specially brewed to be enjoyed at 35,000 feet." says the press release.
Named after "Betsy", Cathay Pacific's first aircraft, a Douglas DC-3 which flew passengers around the region in the 1940s and 1950s, Betsy Beer will be first served to First and Business Class passengers onboard flights between Hong Kong and destinations in the UK – Heathrow, Gatwick and Manchester – from 1 March until 30 April 2017.
It isn't a secret that cabin pressure and altitude affects passengers' taste buds, but by using a combination of science and traditional brewing methods, Betsy Beer, which Cathay Pacific has produced in harness with Hong Kong Beer Co, is created with a combination of Hong Kong and UK-sourced ingredients, aroma and necessary carbonation to taste great both in the air and on the ground.
The inclusion of "Dragon Eye" fruit is a unique characteristic of the beverage. Known for its aromatic properties, the fruit adds to the round, rich, textural properties that make the beer distinctive.
This flavour is enhanced further by the inclusion of a small component of New Territories'-sourced honey in the brewing process, giving the beer agreeable floral notes, while the use of Fuggle, a revered hop and a mainstay of traditional British craft ales, lends it a pleasingly earthy and full-bodied flavour.


Set The Tape is also home to a stable of podcasts, starting in January this year with STT: Rewind, a fortnightly recap of the previous two weeks in film, TV and all that other stuff, in a handy bitesize 30 minute chunk. Each episode was hosted by Owen Hughes and/or Tony Black, with site writer Steve Norman, plus occasional guests.
Alternatively you can check our the latest episodes directly below.


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EventPOSTPONED: VIP Hour	EventPOSTPONED: First Saturdays for Families
Saturday 05/09/20 1PM-5:30PM
New Museum Theater, Lobby, Lobby Gallery, Second Floor, Third Floor, Fourth Floor, Fifth Floor, and Sky RoomVisit Us
Workshops · Youth
POSTPONED: Youth Summit
THIS PROGRAM IS POSTPONED.
As part of the Department of Education and Public Engagement's ongoing programs engaging art and social justice, the New Museum hosts its fourth Youth Summit, a day of workshops and celebration organized by artists, activists, and collectives who are committed to creativity and community building. This year's organizing committee includes, SPICY, Indigenous Kinship Collective, DisCakes, and the New Museum Youth Council. Each summit builds upon and reinterprets the principles of healing, self-love, skill building, political education, and empowerment established by the inaugural committee.
The Summit defines youth broadly, focusing on how young people change the social and political landscape by creating possibilities for self and community within it. The program centers the participation of young people in their teens and twenties, but people of all ages are welcome and invited to exchange knowledge.
2020 Youth Summit coorganizers include:
SPICY is a collective led by and for women of color and queer/trans people of color working at the intersection of arts, organizing, and publishing. SPICY operates with the understanding that art is a transformative tool, and it is their mission to harness its power to make meaningful change in the world. SPICY cultivates platforms for women of color and queer/trans people of color to foster community and celebrate one another by producing media, including projects for SPICY's online magazine; print zines; and multidisciplinary events.
Indigenous Kinship Collective
The Indigenous Kinship Collective: NYC is a direct-action organizing group of Native femme, gnc folx, and womxn creating a radical urban Indigenous community in Lenapehoking. They have staged direct actions and social media–driven campaigns that raise awareness about legacies of violence and oppression and honor one another and their relatives through art, activism, and education. IKC is anti-cop, anti-colonial, anti-imperial, and pro-resistance. The Indigenous Kinship Collective uplifts intergenerational Indigenous voices and welcomes mixed-race, non-enrolled, Indigenous femme, non-binary, trans, and two-spirit people.
DisCakes
DisCakes is an anticapitalist platform centering radical self-expression for Queer, Trans, and Non-binary creatives and artists of Color by creating safer spaces and programming both in and outside nightlife. DisCakes operates with a strong emphasis on harm reduction, community care, and radical love. DisCakes accomplishes this by working directly in the community, reimagining safer-space policies, and constantly expanding their intentions. They partner with similar grassroots organizations, such as DanceSafe, a harm-reduction organization that offers unbiased advice on safer sex and drug use, and safer drug-testing paraphernalia. DisCakes strives to prioritize, empower, and uplift marginalized bodies and communities to express themselves in the face of late capitalism freely, radically, and without judgement.
New Museum Youth Council
Youth Council plans and co-organizes the annual Youth Summit. This small group of young people, ages fifteen to twenty-four, have committed to participate in intimate workshops with artists, educators, and activists on the committee and to cocreate a meaningful program for and by youth with these collaborators.
Janna Adelstein
Bronwen Brenner
Mariam Conteh
Darlene Folas
Camila Rueda Labrador
Charlotte Margolin
Enrique Rivera
Diana Welch
In 2019, Scamming the Patriarchy: A Youth Summit was organized by the Asian American Feminist Collective, Scope of Work (SOW), and the Unapologetically Brown Series. In 2017, Scamming the Patriarchy: A Youth Summit was organized by GHE20G0TH1K, Mask, The Sylvia Rivera Law Project (SRLP), and Thank God For Abortion. In 2016, Scamming the Patriarchy: A Youth Summit was organized by BUFU, Brujas, Discwoman, and members of House of Ladosha.
The New Museum is wheelchair accessible; learn more about access services and amenities here. To request accommodations, please email access@newmuseum.org or call 212.219.1222 ×235 at least three weeks in advance.
Generous lead support is provided by the Keith Haring School, Teen, and Family Programs Fund.
Additional support is provided by:
Con Edison
May and Samuel Rudin Family Foundation
Support for this program is provided, in part, by public funds from the New York State Council on the Arts with the support of Governor Andrew M. Cuomo and the New York State Legislature, and from the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs in partnership with the City Council.
Endowment support is provided by the Rockefeller Brothers Fund; the Skadden, Arps Education Programs Fund; and the William Randolph Hearst Endowed Fund for Education Programs at the New Museum.


In 2016 the position of Web and Promotions Officer was renamed back to Webmaster. Making Corin the only person to hold the position.
In 2016 to role of Vice President was abolished, lasting only 4 years.
In 2014 the position of Webmaster was renamed Web and Promotions Officer.
In 2013 the House Officer position was removed and the responsabilites transferred to the Facilites Officer in PA committee.
In 2012 the position of Vice President was created.


text:
Now Reading: 'Sanctuary Cities' Debate Brings Tears, Protests, Feuds to Texas House
'Sanctuary Cities' Debate Brings Tears, Protests, Feuds to Texas House
Hundreds of people gather in the Texas Capitol Rotunda to protest SB 4. Sam DeGrave
Lawmakers gave heartfelt speeches about their experiences as minorities, immigrants and children of immigrants on the Texas House floor Wednesday during heated debate over the so-called sanctuary cities ban.
Representative Ana Hernandez, D-Houston, fought back tears while describing the fear she experienced as an undocumented child in Texas who attended public schools. "I knew I wasn't a U.S. citizen, and I feared the reactions from my classmates if they knew I wasn't a citizen. I see myself in many of those students now that share the same fear of being deported, or having their parents deported," Hernandez said.
Representative Victoria Neave, D-Dallas, who launched a four-day hunger strike in protest of SB 4, spoke to her colleagues with a photo of her immigrant father. Representative Gene Wu, D-Houston, shed tears during his speech, in which he said the bill brought up memories of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II.
"Those are laws that were created out of fear. Those are laws that were created out of hatred and misunderstanding," Wu said.
Hundreds of protesters flooded the Capitol in opposition to the bill. By evening, they gathered in the Capitol rotunda for a vigil, and their chants could be heard during debate on House floor.
Sam DeGrave
State Representative Rafael Anchia, D-Dallas, waves a copy of SB 4 in the air as he speaks out against the bill in Spanish at a morning press conference.
House Democrats stand behind Harold Dutton, D-Houston, as he speaks against SB 4.
Chris Turner, D-Grand Prairie, comforts Gene Wu, D-Houston, after an emotional testimony.
UT Austin students sit in the middle of the Capitol rotunda floor to protest SB 4. They planned not to leave until the House voted on the measure, but they relocated to the gallery well before then.
Democratic state representatives huddle to discuss a possible deal that would end the SB 4 debate in the House.
Organizers with Workers Defense Project gathered at all the entrances to the House chamber. Here, kids and adults wait to catch legislators trying to sneak through the backdoor.
State Representative Philip Cortez, D-San Antonio, takes a card from Wendy, 9, and promises her that he will vote against SB 4.
Harris County Sheriff Ed Gonzalez spoke at the rally against SB 4 on Wednesday morning.
Rafael Anchia, D-Dallas, listens in a huddle as lawmakers discuss a possible compromise to shorten the SB 4 debate.
David, a young boy who opposes SB 4, presents a drawing he planned to give to lawmakers, urging them to kill SB 4.
(Left) Armando Walle, D-Houston and (right) Chris Turner, D-Grand Prairie
State Representative Victoria Neave, D-Dallas, speaks against SB 4 at a morning press conference. Neave has been fasting as a form of peaceful protest against SB 4 since Sunday.
Rafael Anchia, D-Dallas, speaks in opposition of SB 4 on the House floor. "If you've succeeded in anything, members, you've succeeded in terrifying an entire community," Anchia said. "This is not theatrics. Ladies and gentlemen, this is not a show. These are people's lives."
Joe Moody, D-El Paso, listens in as lawmakers discuss a possible deal to end debate on SB 4.
Thousand of Texans opposed the "sanctuary cities" ban.
The crowd at a morning press conference listens as state Representative Victoria Neave, D-Dallas, speaks out against SB 4.
Wendy, a 9-year-old girl, tells the adults in the Texas House to "do your job" and stop SB 4.
Chris Turner, D-Grand Prairie, and Terry Canales, D-Edinburg, discuss strategy as they walk to join a huddle of other Democratic lawmakers.
Andrea (left) and Lizbeth (right) stand with several lawmakers, activists and law enforcement officials who oppose SB 4.
The University Leadership Initiative, an immigration advocacy group from the University of Texas at Austin, staged a sit-in at the Capitol Rotunda during the SB 4 debate.
UT Austin students hold a banner during an SB 4 vigil held in the Texas Capitol rotunda.
State Senators Sylvia Garcia, D-Houston, and José Rodriguez, D-El Paso, join those protesting SB 4 in the rotunda.
Wendy, 9, hands cards to state representatives entering the House chamber. She spent hours making them because her mother is undocumented. "I just want to keep my family together," she said.
Despite emotional pleas, Democrats acknowledged they do not have the votes to stop Senate Bill 4, which could jail local law enforcement officials who refuse to assist enforcing federal immigration law or enact such policies. Instead, they attempted to soften the legislation, but were shot down on party-line votes during the first eight hours of debate.
Representative Rafael Anchia, D-Dallas, said Governor Greg Abbott, who made the SB 4 a legislative emergency, "misled" and "lied" to legislators about the bill making Texas communities safer. Law enforcement officials from Austin, Dallas, Houston, El Paso and San Antonio have said the proposal would have a negative impact on public safety in testimony to lawmakers.
By 7 p.m. on Wednesday, 202 amendments to SB 4 had been filed, and only 16 had been heard. Democrats and Republicans huddled during a seemingly failed attempt to reach a deal on the legislation, causing a nearly two-hour break in discussion.
Read More: Immigration, Sanctuary Cities, Texas Legislature
From Crystal City to Carrizo Springs, When Will We Stop Locking Up Kids?
Crystal City, Texas, was home to the nation's largest detention camp during World War II. Now a camp for migrant teens has opened just a few miles away. by Emily M. Farris
Where the Bodies are Buried
In 1910, East Texas saw one of America's deadliest post-Reconstruction racial purges. One survivor's descendants have waged an uphill battle for generations to unearth that violent past. by Michael Barajas
Book Review: Scapegoating the Media Ignores Other Major Problems in American Politics
Yes, the news industry helped get Trump elected — but not to the extent that Nolan Higdon and Mickey Huff argue in their new book, United States of Distraction. by Michael Hardy
Popular Articles Now:
Why My East Texas Neighbors are Voting for Trump (It's Not Because They're Stupid Rednecks)


Shlomo Shamai (Shitz) received the B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Technion--Israel Institute of Technology, in 1975, 1981 and 1986 respectively. During 1975-1985 he was with the Communications Research Labs in the capacity of a Senior Research Engineer. Since 1986 he is with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion--Israel Institute of Technology, where he is now the William Fondiller Professor of Telecommunications. His research interests encompasses a wide spectrum of topics in information theory and statistical communications. Dr. Shamai (Shitz) is an IEEE Fellow and a member of the Union Radio Scientifique Internationale (URSI). He is the recipient of the 1999 van der Pol Gold Medal of URSI, and a co-recipient of the 2000 IEEE Donald G. Fink Prize Paper Award, the 2003, and the 2004 joint IT/COM societies paper award, and the 2007 IEEE Information Theory Society Paper Award. He is also the recipient of 1985 Alon Grant for distinguished young scientists and the 2000 Technion Henry Taub Prize for Excellence in Research. He has served as Associate Editor for the Shannon Theory of the IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, and also serves on the Board of Governors of the Information Theory Society.


As part of its mission to pursue zero waste through education and recycling programs, SPI: The Plastics Industry Trade Association and partner, the National Association for PET Container Resources (NAPCOR), today announced favorable results of a pilot grant program designed to increase and promote the recovery of PET (polyethylene terephthalate, #1) thermoforms.
The white paper prepared by theINSEAD Social Innovation Centre with the support of European Recycling Platform identifies five main causes that currently limit or disrupt the stability and effectiveness of EPR.
There are times when it's really vital to have someone you know and trust overseeing all that's going on within your own industry. So we at the Carpet and Rug Institute are truly delighted to have one of "our own," so to speak, monitoring what's going on in our industry on both state and federal levels.
Laura M. Thompson, Phd, is director of sustainable development and technical marketing at Sappi Fine Paper North America. She provides some commentary on EPR and the overall recycling debate. She notes that recovery rates for paper products are very high, and that 70 percent of US households have access to paper recycling facilities.
After initially previewing its findings in April, the Rhode Island Special Legislative Commission to Study Producer Responsibility for Paper and Packaging released its official recommendations.
As reported by the Associated Press, California lawmakers have opposed an effort to put new, burdensome mandates on producers. Last week, the legislature failed to act on AB 521, legislation dealing with marine debris. Speaking of the problems with the bill, one lawmaker told the AP "I agree that cleaning up our oceans should be something that's very, very important to us, but this bill places the burden of compliance directly on the producers instead of the violators, the people who are littering."
The Foodservice Packaging Institute is sponsoring four hour-long webinars on foodservice packaging recovery. The group is in the second year of a project designed to develop strategies to recover more foodservice packaging, and the webinars represent an effort to "connect recyclers, composters, MRF managers and recycling officials" with the project. Learn more by following the link to the FPI website.
A special commission sponsored by the Rhode Island Senate has been meeting for months to discuss ways to encourage recycling in the state. The commission recently met to preview its findings.
The American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA) recently announced the 2012 paper recovery rate. The rate has doubled since 1990 and remains above the trend line for the industry to achieve a goal of more than 70 percent recovery by 2020! AF&PA CEO David Scheible stated that "Our industry's success in paper recovery is due in large part to the voluntary, market-driven product recovery system that we and so many others have fostered."
As explained on the FPI website, "the Foodservice Packaging Institute's ongoing packaging recovery initiative is seeking to capture more of what's being thrown away at restaurants and other establishments where foodservice packaging is found." Read more about their efforts with this link.
SPI, the Plastics Industry Trade Association, recently announced the addition of a new Director of Recycling who will lead the group's new recycling initiative. The Director will help the association develop and manage its drive toward full recovery and re-use of post-industrial plastics.
Representatives from a wide array of industries recently presented testimony before the Rhode Island Senate Commission to Study Producer Responsibility Models for Paper and Packaging. At the hearing, manufacturers shared the many ways industry is working to increase recycling without new mandates and expressed concern that new government programs in other countries have not delivered on their promises.
In a new report, the Grocery Manufacturers Association (GMA) takes issue with extended producer responsibility for consumer products, including food and beverage products. GMA studied recycling rates, costs, and packaging changes in Europe and Canada and concluded that EPR programs there do not generally lead either to higher recycling rates or to more efficient package design. Indeed, in this market segment "non-EPR policies can achieve high recycling rates within a reasonable cost" and tend to be more cost-effective than EPR programs.
At the recent Resource Recycling Conference in Austin, TX, Waste & Recycling News found areas of agreement between proponents and opponents of extended producer responsibility. Walter Alcorn, VP of environmental affairs and industry sustainability for the Consumer Electronics Association, a PMA member, explained that industry is working together toward a "national solution" for electronic recycling, and noted that collections have increased 53% since 2010.
SPI: The Plastics Industry Trade Association (SPI) and the National Association for PET Container Resources (NAPCOR) awarded grants to three United States recycling operators to create model programs for the collection and intermediate processing of PET thermoformed packaging, including clamshells, cups, trays, boxes and lids.
This online environmental news site, funded in part by Whole Foods stores in Rhode Island, reports that local retailers testified against legislation to require in-store recycling of medical sharps, citing the health risk to employees. The Legislature put that proposal into study, along with other legislative initiatives regarding recycling of paint and fluorescent light bulbs.
A trend article and accompanying slide show in the New York Times' business section examines corporate EPR initiatives. Coca-Cola, Alcoa, Starbucks, Stonyfield Farms, Whole Foods and Walmart are among the firms featured.
In its real estate section, the Washington Post reports on efforts of Shaw Industries to collect and recycle some of the more than 800 million square yards of carpeting that get replaced annually in the U.S.
The Globe and Mail reports that Ontario's Environment Minister has ordered a sweeping review of the body that oversees hazardous waste recycling, two years after it angered consumers by imposing "eco-fees" on some products.
This article reports that U.S. Environmental Protection Agency updated a 2010 municipal solid waste study, showing that recycling of PET containers was significantly higher than previously reported (29.2%, not 21%).
This editorial in "Resource Recycling$rdqho; applauds the newly-formed Action to Accelerate Recycling, which recently set a goal of boosting recycling rates by 20% in three years.
This article highlights a report from the American Chemistry Council that indicates that plastic recycling reached a record high rate in 2010.
This press release notes that that National Solid Wastes Management Association's new policy on product stewardship will focus on shared responsibility.


text:
from lexer import *
from nodes import *

class ParserError(RuntimeError):
    pass

class Parser:
    def __init__(self, src_file):
        self._lexer = Lexer(src_file)

    def parse(self):
        return self._parse_program()

    def _try_parse_token(self, cls):
        if not self._lexer.has_next_token():
            return False
        t = self._lexer.preview_next_token()
        if not isinstance(t, cls):
            return False
        self._lexer.drop_next_token()
        return t

    def _parse_token(self, cls):
        if not self._lexer.has_next_token():
            raise ParserError("%s expected" % cls.__name__)
        t = self._lexer.preview_next_token()
        if not isinstance(t, cls):
            raise ParserError("%s expected instead of %s" % (
                    cls.__name__, t.__class__.__name__))
        self._lexer.drop_next_token()
        return t

    def _parse_program(self):
        stmt_list = []
        while self._lexer.has_next_token():
            stmt = self._try_parse_stmt()
            if not stmt:
                raise ParserError("unexpected token '%s'" % (
                        self._lexer.preview_next_token()))
            stmt_list.append(stmt)
        return ProgramNode(stmt_list)

    def _try_parse_stmt(self):
        print_stmt = self._try_parse_print_stmt()
        if print_stmt:
            return print_stmt
        assignment = self._try_parse_assignment()
        if assignment:
            return assignment
        empty_stmt = self._try_parse_empty_stmt()
        if empty_stmt:
            return empty_stmt
        if_stmt = self._try_parse_if_stmt()
        if if_stmt:
            return if_stmt
        block = self._try_parse_block()
        if block:
            return block
        return False

    def _try_parse_empty_stmt(self):
        if not self._try_parse_token(SemicolonToken):
            return False
        return EmptyStatementNode()

    def _try_parse_block(self):
        if not self._try_parse_token(OpeningBraceToken):
            return False
        stmt_list = []
        while True:
            stmt = self._try_parse_stmt()
            if stmt:
                stmt_list.append(stmt)
            else:
                break
        self._parse_token(ClosingBraceToken)
        return CompoundStatementNode(stmt_list)

    def _try_parse_if_stmt(self):
        if not self._try_parse_token(IfToken):
            return False
        self._parse_token(OpeningParenToken)
        cond = self._parse_logical_expr()
        self._parse_token(ClosingParenToken)
        stmt = self._try_parse_stmt()
        if not stmt:
            raise ParserError("unexpected token '%s'" % (
                    self._lexer.preview_next_token()))
        return IfStatementNode(cond, stmt)

    def _try_parse_print_stmt(self):
        if not self._try_parse_token(PrintToken):
            return False
        arithm_expr = self._parse_arithm_expr()
        self._parse_token(SemicolonToken)
        return PrintStatementNode(arithm_expr)

    def _try_parse_assignment(self):
        if not self._lexer.has_next_token(2):
            return False
        identifier = self._lexer.preview_next_token(0)
        if not isinstance(identifier, IdentifierToken):
            return False
        op = self._lexer.preview_next_token(1)
        if not isinstance(op, AssignmentOpToken):
            return False
        self._lexer.drop_next_token(2)
        arithm_expr = self._parse_arithm_expr()
        self._parse_token(SemicolonToken)
        return AssignmentNode(identifier, arithm_expr)

    def _parse_logical_expr(self):
        left = self._parse_logical_term()
        while self._lexer.has_next_token():
            if self._try_parse_token(AndOpToken):
                left = AndOpNode(left, self._parse_logical_term())
            elif self._try_parse_token(OrOpToken):
                left = OrOpNode(left, self._parse_logical_term())
            else:
                return left
        return left

    def _parse_logical_term(self):
        left = self._parse_logical_factor()
        if self._lexer.has_next_token():
            if self._try_parse_token(EqualsOpToken):
                left = EqualsOpNode(left, self._parse_logical_factor())
            elif self._try_parse_token(NotEqualsOpToken):
                left = NotEqualsOpNode(left, self._parse_logical_factor())
            else:
                return left
        return left

    def _parse_logical_factor(self):
        if self._try_parse_token(TrueToken):
            return TrueNode()
        elif self._try_parse_token(FalseToken):
            return FalseNode()
        elif self._try_parse_token(OpeningParenToken):
            logical_expr = self._parse_logical_expr()
            self._parse_token(ClosingParenToken)
            return logical_expr
        else:
            raise ParserError('expected \'True\', \'False\' or \'(\'')

    def _parse_arithm_expr(self):
        left = self._parse_arithm_term()
        while self._lexer.has_next_token():
            if self._try_parse_token(AdditionOpToken):
                left = AdditionOpNode(left, self._parse_arithm_term())
            elif self._try_parse_token(SubtractionOpToken):
                left = SubtractionOpNode(left, self._parse_arithm_term())
            else:
                return left
        return left

    def _parse_arithm_term(self):
        left = self._parse_arithm_factor()
        while self._lexer.has_next_token():
            if self._try_parse_token(MultiplicationOpToken):
                left = MultiplicationOpNode(left, self._parse_arithm_factor())
            elif self._try_parse_token(DivisionOpToken):
                left = DivisionOpNode(left, self._parse_arithm_factor())
            else:
                return left
        return left

    def _parse_arithm_factor(self):
        identifier = self._try_parse_token(IdentifierToken)
        if identifier:
            return IdentifierNode(identifier)
        int_num = self._try_parse_token(IntegerNumberToken)
        if int_num:
            return IntegerNumberNode(int_num)
        float_num = self._try_parse_token(FloatingPointNumberToken)
        if float_num:
            return FloatingPointNumberNode(float_num)
        if self._try_parse_token(OpeningParenToken):
            arithm_expr = self._parse_arithm_expr()
            self._parse_token(ClosingParenToken)
            return arithm_expr
        else:
            raise ParserError('expected an identifier, a number or \'(\'')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import argparse
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument('src_path', help='set source file path')
    args = parser.parse_args()
    with open(args.src_path, 'r') as src_file:
        parser = Parser(src_file)
        parser.parse().execute()


Equipment definition, anything kept, furnished, or provided for a specific purpose. See more.
Sheep Handling Equipment: Equipment that helps or assists you in handling sheep for moving, health checks, vaccinations, shearing, etc. Halters are used for holding and moving one sheep at a time.
Every day, many families struggle to find funding assistance to get the things they need to improve a loved one's quality of life. It's one of the reasons donating or selling your used or outgrown equipment is such a great idea.
Equipment Methods . Definition of Poaching: ... which is a flavoured liquid used mainly for poaching fish. Fumet - is a reduced stock used when shallow poaching fish .
A test tube is a glass tube with one end open and the other end closed. The closed end is rounded. Test tubes are used to hold small samples. They are primarily used for qualitative assessment and comparison.
Baked beans - Wikipedia. Baked beans is a dish containing beans, The beans presently used to make baked beans are all native to South America and were introduced to Europe around 1528.
Global positioning system devices and surveying equipment can also measure small changes in the mountains shape ... "What Types of Technology Do Volcanologists Use?"
Equipment used in the South African cuisine includes a lot of wooden dishes and spatulas used for serving meals, ... or umngqusho (a South African traditional snack).
What Plastics Can Become. One of the things all of us can do to protect and improve our environment is: recycling. Today a plastic bottle may contain juice or water or soda … but what can it become after you use it?
Tea Preparation. Tea preparation is very easy. Before making your tea, you need to gather all the equipment you need. Depending on your personality you may need only a few items or many items to make your tea.
We have compiled a list of the basic gear and other video equipment required to start a YouTube channel from the video above. Below is a list of gear you would most likely need on a day-to-day basis, regardless of what kind of channel you want to start or content you want to share.
Our team of trained mechanics take our used inventory and turn it into excellent used equipment at a fraction of the new price.
Some owners may consider beginning the business with Used Restaurant Equipment. We also have tips for purchasing used restaurant equipment [Tips for Selling & Purchasing Used Restaurant Equipment].
Six steps to FDA compliant equipment qualification are discussed.
As of June 22, 2018, vehicle loan rates start at 6.75% based on term length, credit history, and vehicle being financed. As of June 22, 2018, equipment loan rates start at 7.25% based on term length, credit history, and equipment being financed.
types of harrows As I mentioned in my basic farm equipment post, harrows are important part of the farm. There are also many different types of harrows as well. In this post we are going to learn about the different types of harrows.


Trials Template is a project to make your own trials based game featuring motorbikes and atvs/quad bikes for iOS, Android or WebGL. This project contains all the scripts, physics and sounds to make your own game. It comes with 1 example level so you will need to create your own levels. Supports Unity 2018.3x.
See the linked apps and video of games I made using this template.
10 different bikes with realistic physics.
Logic for level progression and scoring with support for 20 levels.
Lot's of 3d models to make your own levels.
In app purchases (Remove Ads, Unlock Bikes, etc).


text:
Blood and Bosh è un cortometraggio muto del 1913 diretto da Hay Plumb.

Trama
Un bambino, erede di una fortuna, viene rapito, buttato da una finestra, calpestato e, infine, ricoverato in ospedale per essere rigonfiato.

Produzione
Il film fu prodotto dalla Hepworth.

Distribuzione
Distribuito dalla Hepworth, il film - un cortometraggio di 198,12 metri - uscì nelle sale cinematografiche britanniche nel Blood and Bosh 1913.

Fu distrutto nel 1924 dallo stesso produttore, Cecil M. Hepworth. Fallito, in gravissime difficoltà finanziarie, Hepworth pensò in questo modo di poter almeno recuperare il nitrato d'argento della pellicola.

Voci correlate
Filmografia Hepworth

Collegamenti esterni

Cortometraggi commedia
Film Hepworth

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


He's back! Lachlan Mitchell aka Laneous (of funk group Kafka + Laneous & The Family Yah) has announced his solo debut in the form of single 'Modern Romance'. His own nuanced take on 21st century courting and commitment, 'Modern Romance' comes double barrel with an accompanying clip starring Gyton Grantley (Underbelly) that features everything from yogis, cellos, a juggalo, steaks, bandages, chains and a cucumber.
Written and recorded with his own superb musical romance the track features producer and bassist, Paul Bender, keyboardist, Simon Mavin (both of grammy nominated Hiatus Kaiyote and Swooping Duck), Donny Stewart on vibraphone and Hudson Whitlock (The Cactus Channel) on drums. It's classic Laneous; raw but smooth, honey vocals, vintage charm, modern snap and incomparable melodic sensibility.


Q. What is the acceptable pH range of Liquinox for effective cleaning in an ultrasonic bath? Our solution hovers around 7 and I am concerned that's not effective. Also, does the temperature of the ultrasonic cleaning solution affect the detergent pH?
A. A typical reading for Liquinox® Critical Cleaning Liquid Detergent at usage dilution is ~pH 8.5. A pH 7 reading on Liquinox detergent would indicate that a notable amount of fouling has occurred from use.


text:
/ Home / Courses and study / Fees and student finance / Scholarships, bursaries and funding / Santander scholarships
Santander Scholarships
Open to both undergraduate and postgraduate students
The 2020/2021 Santander Scholarships application process will open on 18 January 2021.
Santander Universities Scholarships are open to University of Plymouth students (both undergraduate and postgraduate) who wish to undertake a period of research, study or work-based learning in the UK or abroad.
Thanks to Santander for supporting our students this year.
The scholarships:
a minimum of 20 awards ranging from £750 to a maximum value of £1,000
can be awarded for a variety of projects, including language exchange programmes, initiatives to promote volunteering and the development of employability skills
can be awarded for study/research with the UK or abroad (travel restrictions permitting)
Where the panel believes that a proposal does not represent value for money yet wishes to partially support the activity, funding may be offered at a reduced level.
Please apply using the BECAS platform.
Before completing the application form, please read the criteria and regulations carefully.
The deadline for applications in the 2020/21 academic year is: midnight on Friday 26 March 2021.
The University reserves the right to vary all or any scholarship awards at its sole discretion.
. How to apply
u Santander partnership
The principal criterion for the award of a grant in 2020/21 is that the proposed project will make a demonstrable and tangible contribution to the applicant's studies, personal development, academic interest or employability. Applicants must clearly explain how the proposed project will satisfy this requirement.
We understand that travel is harder than usual but we welcome applications from students for whom travel in the UK or abroad would facilitate and augment existing extra-curricular learning initiatives or directly benefit their course.
Successful applicants will be required to write a short review or summary of their experiences abroad for publication within University and Santander materials.
University of Plymouth students both undergraduate and postgraduate are eligible for these awards.
In the case of student applications, priority will be given to students from a BAME background.
Funds permitting, priority will then be extended to the following groups:
from low participation neighbourhoods (identified via POLAR 3 methods)
who declare a disability
vulnerable groups, e.g. care leavers, estranged students
students must have obtained full student funding with Student Finance England/Student Finance Wales as per their circumstances.
write a clear application, demonstrating thorough research into their application for scholarship funding
include a clear breakdown of expected costs
describe how receiving the support would enhance their academic performance and future employability.
Preference will be given to applicants who demonstrate that the proposed project/mobility will benefit their course of study, employability or other extra-curricular learning initiatives being pursued.
Awards must be taken up within the 2020/21 academic year and travel must take place by 1 September 2021.
The value of the scholarship will be paid directly to the scholarship holder and can be used as a contribution towards the costs of travel, accommodation, subsistence or course attendance.
The University has a duty of care towards students and consequently will risk assess the proposed activity within the student's application.
In the event there is a risk to the student, e.g. travelling in a country where the Foreign and Commonwealth Office does not recommend travel due to safety concerns, the application may not be supported.
From language classes to international research
Liana spent time immersing herself in the Spanish language and culture
Federico worked collaboratively with a biotechnology researcher at the University of California
Jekaterina used her scholarship to travel to Salamanca University in Spain
Also in Santander Scholarships
Ana Basanez
Federico Visi
Isobel Swinscoe
Leung Chuen Hoi
Maozhou Meng
Santander Scholarship Winner – Rachel Hingston
The Santander Universities Digital Challenge
"Football is not for girls, nor for boys, football is for footballers."


Poythress, Vern S. The Miracles of Jesus: How the Savior's Mighty Acts Serve as Signs of Redemption. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2016, pp. 271, $19.99, paperback.
The Miracles of Jesus is structured in four parts: Part 1 introduces the topic of Jesus' miracles; Part 2 analyzes and illustrates some of Jesus' miracles in the Gospel of John; Part 3 provides a comprehensive examination of Jesus' miracles in the Gospel of Matthew; and Part 4 concludes with an examination of the miracle of Jesus' resurrection and its application to individuals. Parts 2 and 3 comprise the main section of the book, as the division of chapters attests (3-8 and 9-36, respectively). The focus on the Gospels of John and Matthew is intended to complement the work of Richard Phillips (Mighty to Save: Discovering God's Grace in the Miracles of Jesus), who in a 2001 volume published by P&R similarly analyzed Jesus' miracles in the Gospel of Luke (p. 30).
Even though the analysis of Jesus' miracles in Matthew comprises the longest section of the book, arguably the central section is located in Part 2, where the thesis and hermeneutical method are developed. The thesis of The Miracles of Jesus, which is clear enough from the subtitle, is that Jesus' miracles are signs of redemption. As "redemptive analogies" (p. 30), they point beyond themselves to a greater act of redemption, namely, the death and resurrection of Jesus. Jesus' miracles are not random acts of kindness and compassion but are "organically related" (p. 64) to Jesus' accomplishment of redemption and his application of redemption's benefits to us. Hence, the reason why Jesus' miracles are linked to the kingdom of God is because the gospel of the kingdom concerns a doing away with sin: "Salvation, comprehensively viewed, includes more than healing diseases. At its heart, it is healing from sin. And so the miracles are signs of the kingdom" (p. 162). Specifically, Jesus' resurrection effected the dawn of the promised new creation; his miracles, therefore, testify to this greater reality of a new heaven and new earth in which righteousness dwells (pp. 232-35).
The method used to support this thesis follows Edmund Clowney's approach to typology (see Chapter 6). Especially where there is no explicit biblical teaching on the meaning of Jesus' miracles—as often is the case in the Synoptic Gospels—Poythress argues we should utilize a typological approach, which seeks to discern the original referent of any given symbol in Scripture, and then to discern how that referent is fulfilled in Jesus' death and resurrection. For example, the Old Testament sacrificial system symbolized or referred to Israel's need for forgiveness of sins through a substitute, a referent that found its final fulfillment in the substitutionary, sacrificial death of Jesus on the cross (pp. 66-67). Similarly, Jesus' own miracles are typological, for they each symbolize a specific truth of what Jesus has come to accomplish, which is ultimately grounded in his death and resurrection. For instance, Jesus' feeding of the 5,000 symbolizes his ability to provide spiritual food, which was accomplished definitively and finally on the cross. Hence, the feeding of the 5,000 is typological of Jesus' sacrifice on the cross by which he provides himself as our spiritual food (pp. 68-70). Indeed, all the miracles in the Bible—not only those found in the Gospels—point beyond themselves to Jesus' greater work of redemption through the cross and resurrection (pp. 247-51).
Poythress has provided the church with a much-needed guide to interpret the meaning and significance of Jesus' miracles, for they can be too easily divorced from his death and resurrection. The approaches to miracles by liberation theologians, "social gospel" adherents, and those associated with the "prosperity gospel" typically fail—in their own way—to see this organic connection, which leads to a misunderstanding and misapplication of the mission Jesus came to accomplish and the nature of the already-but-not-yet-consummated kingdom of God. Poythress rightly shows that the miracles must be interpreted in light of Jesus' climactic death and resurrection.
At the same time, I wonder if Poythress subtly undermines some of what Jesus accomplished through his death and resurrection when he suggests that Jesus' physical healing was never the greater good but only pointed to a greater spiritual reality. Concerning Matthew 8:16-17, which affirms that Jesus' healing and exorcisms fulfilled Isaiah 53:4, Poythress says, "The full passage in Isaiah 53 uses the language of disease metaphorically to indicate how the coming servant will suffer as a substitute for sin . . . Deliverance on the physical level symbolizes deliverance on the spiritual level" (p. 114). I don't disagree that Isaiah 53 emphasizes how the servant will be a substitute for his people so as to deal with their sin. However, Isaiah 53 says more than this, for it speaks holistically of what the servant will accomplish: his death for sin will bring us "peace" and "healing" (Isa 53:5). These terms describe both physical and spiritual realities, for they depict a world where all things have been made new. Jesus' healings and exorcisms in Matthew 8:16-17, therefore, do not merely point beyond themselves to the fact that Jesus has come to deal with our sin—though this is certainly included—but they suggest that Jesus is the servant of Isaiah 53 who has come to make all things new by means of his death and resurrection. Since his mission was to deal fundamentally with the root problem, namely, our sin, it is not surprising that at times the Scriptures indicate Jesus' mission also included the eradication of the results of sin, such as sickness, demon oppression, and death. To be clear, I am not saying that Poythress disagrees in toto with my concerns—rather, he notes his agreement with these points in various places (e.g., pp. 40-41, 115, 172). Nor do I disagree with Poythress' main point: that Jesus' miracles function typologically as signs of redemption. Rather, my concern is that we ascertain precisely the nature of that which the miracles typify. If we interpret Jesus' healings and exorcisms merely as metaphors or symbols for spiritual realities, we run the risk of minimizing the Gospel writers' holistic witness concerning the nature of the redemption Jesus accomplished through his death and resurrection.
The Miracles of Jesus is a valuable and much-needed contribution for the study of Jesus' miracles. It would prove useful for pastors, particularly when they are preparing to preach through one of the Gospels. Educated laity would also find this book useful for personal study, especially in Chapters 8 and 38 where Poythress provides specific examples for application in daily life. Finally, this book could be considered for use in an undergraduate class on the Gospels, for it introduces the hermeneutically-valuable notion of typology and seeks to apply it to Jesus' miracles.