text:
import sbt.Def
import sbt.Keys
import sbt.Keys.scalacOptions
import sbt.Project
import sbt.file
import sbt.project
import sbt.stringToOrganization
import sbt.taskKey
import sbt.addCompilerPlugin
import wartremover.WartRemover.autoImport.Wart
import wartremover.WartRemover.autoImport.Warts
import wartremover.WartRemover.autoImport.wartremoverWarnings

object ZetaBuild {

  lazy val common = project
  lazy val generatorControl = project
  lazy val codeGenerator = project
  lazy val parser = project
  lazy val persistence = project
  lazy val server = project

  val compileScalastyle = taskKey[Unit]("compileScalastyle")
  val silhouetteVersion = "6.1.1"
  val playVersion = "2.7.5"
  val akkaVersion = "2.6.10"
  val javaFxVersion = "11"
  val scalaFxVersion = "11-R16"

  val scalaVersionNumber = "2.12.12"
  val scalaVersion = Keys.scalaVersion := scalaVersionNumber

  val scalaOptions = scalacOptions ++= Seq(
    "-deprecation", // Emit warning and location for usages of deprecated APIs.
    "-feature", // Emit warning and location for usages of features that should be imported explicitly.
    "-unchecked", // Enable additional warnings where generated code depends on assumptions.
    // "-Xfatal-warnings", // Fail the compilation if there are any warnings.
    "-Xlint", // Enable recommended additional warnings.
    "-Ywarn-adapted-args", // Warn if an argument list is modified to match the receiver.
    "-Ywarn-dead-code", // Warn when dead code is identified.
    "-Ywarn-inaccessible", // Warn about inaccessible types in method signatures.
    "-Ywarn-nullary-override", // Warn when non-nullary overrides nullary, e.g. def foo() over def foo.
    "-Ywarn-numeric-widen" // Warn when numerics are widened.
  )

  val autoCompilerPlugins = true

  val linterSettings = Seq(
    wartremoverWarnings ++= Warts.unsafe diff List(
      Wart.NonUnitStatements,
      Wart.Any,
      Wart.Product,
    )
  )
  lazy val osName = System.getProperty("os.name") match {
    case n if n.startsWith("Linux")   => "linux"
    case n if n.startsWith("Mac")     => "mac"
    case n if n.startsWith("Windows") => "win"
    case _ => throw new Exception("Unknown platform!")
  }

  lazy val javaFXModules = Seq("base", "controls", "fxml", "graphics", "media", "swing", "web")

  val javaFxDep = javaFXModules.map( m =>
    "org.openjfx" % s"javafx-$m" % javaFxVersion classifier osName
  )

  val standardLibraries = Keys.libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
    // injection
    "net.codingwell" %% "scala-guice" % "4.2.11",
    // test
    "org.scalatest" %% "scalatest" % "3.2.2" % "test",
    // logging
    "org.clapper" %% "grizzled-slf4j" % "1.3.4",
    // javafx
    "org.scalafx" %% "scalafx" % scalaFxVersion,
    "org.scala-lang" % "scala-library" % ZetaBuild.scalaVersionNumber
  ) ++ javaFxDep

  val defaultSettings: Seq[Def.SettingsDefinition] = linterSettings ++ Seq(
    scalaOptions,
    scalaVersion,
    standardLibraries
  )

  /**
   * change project to current file
   */
  def inCurrent(project: Project): Project = project in file(".")

  /**
   * change project to current file and add defaultSettings
   */
  def defaultProject(project: Project): Project = inCurrent(project).settings(defaultSettings: _*)

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Project acronym AIDA
Project Architectural design In Dialogue with dis-Ability Theoretical and methodological exploration of a multi-sensorial design approach in architecture
Researcher (PI) Ann Heylighen
Summary This research project is based on the notion that, because of their specific interaction with space, people with particular dis-abilities are able to appreciate spatial qualities or detect misfits in the environment that most architects—or other designers—are not even aware of. This notion holds for sensory dis-abilities such as blindness or visual impairment, but also for mental dis-abilities like autism or Alzheimer's dementia. The experiences and subsequent insights of these dis-abled people, so it is argued, represent a considerable knowledge resource that would complement and enrich the professional expertise of architects and designers in general. This argument forms the basis for a methodological and theoretical exploration of a multi-sensorial design approach in architecture. On the one hand, a series of retrospective case studies will be conducted to identify and describe the motives and elements that trigger or stimulate architects' attention for the multi-sensorial spatial experiences of people with dis-abilities when designing spaces. On the other hand, the research project will investigate experimentally in real time to what extent design processes and products in architecture can be enriched by establishing a dialogue between the multi-sensorial 'knowing-in-action' of people with dis-abilities and the expertise of professional architects/designers. In this way, the research project aims to develop a more profound understanding of how the concept of Design for All can be realised in architectural practice. At least as important, however, is its contribution to innovation in architecture tout court. The research results are expected to give a powerful impulse to quality improvement of the built environment by stimulating and supporting the development of innovative design concepts.
This research project is based on the notion that, because of their specific interaction with space, people with particular dis-abilities are able to appreciate spatial qualities or detect misfits in the environment that most architects—or other designers—are not even aware of. This notion holds for sensory dis-abilities such as blindness or visual impairment, but also for mental dis-abilities like autism or Alzheimer's dementia. The experiences and subsequent insights of these dis-abled people, so it is argued, represent a considerable knowledge resource that would complement and enrich the professional expertise of architects and designers in general. This argument forms the basis for a methodological and theoretical exploration of a multi-sensorial design approach in architecture. On the one hand, a series of retrospective case studies will be conducted to identify and describe the motives and elements that trigger or stimulate architects' attention for the multi-sensorial spatial experiences of people with dis-abilities when designing spaces. On the other hand, the research project will investigate experimentally in real time to what extent design processes and products in architecture can be enriched by establishing a dialogue between the multi-sensorial 'knowing-in-action' of people with dis-abilities and the expertise of professional architects/designers. In this way, the research project aims to develop a more profound understanding of how the concept of Design for All can be realised in architectural practice. At least as important, however, is its contribution to innovation in architecture tout court. The research results are expected to give a powerful impulse to quality improvement of the built environment by stimulating and supporting the development of innovative design concepts.
Project acronym ANXIETY & COGNITION
Project How anxiety transforms human cognition: an Affective Neuroscience perspective
Researcher (PI) Gilles Roger Charles Pourtois
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITEIT GENT
Summary Anxiety, a state of apprehension or fear, may provoke cognitive or behavioural disorders and eventually lead to serious medical illnesses. The high prevalence of anxiety disorders in our society sharply contrasts with the lack of clear factual knowledge about the corresponding brain mechanisms at the origin of this profound change in the appraisal of the environment. Little is known about how the psychopathological state of anxiety ultimately turns to a medical condition. The core of this proposal is to gain insight in the neural underpinnings of anxiety and disorders related to anxiety using modern human brain-imaging such as scalp EEG and fMRI. I propose to enlighten how anxiety transforms and shapes human cognition and what the neural correlates and time-course of this modulatory effect are. The primary innovation of this project is the systematic use scalp EEG and fMRI in human participants to better understand the neural mechanisms by which anxiety profoundly influences specific cognitive functions, in particular selective attention and decision-making. The goal of this proposal is to precisely determine the exact timing (using scalp EEG), location, size and extent (using fMRI) of anxiety-related modulations on selective attention and decision-making in the human brain. Here I propose to focus on these two specific processes, because they are likely to reveal selective effects of anxiety on human cognition and can thus serve as powerful models to better figure out how anxiety operates in the human brain. Another important aspect of this project is the fact I envision to help bridge the gap in Health Psychology between fundamental research and clinical practice by proposing alternative revalidation strategies for human adult subjects affected by anxiety-related disorders, which could directly exploit the neuro-scientific discoveries generated in this scientific project.
Anxiety, a state of apprehension or fear, may provoke cognitive or behavioural disorders and eventually lead to serious medical illnesses. The high prevalence of anxiety disorders in our society sharply contrasts with the lack of clear factual knowledge about the corresponding brain mechanisms at the origin of this profound change in the appraisal of the environment. Little is known about how the psychopathological state of anxiety ultimately turns to a medical condition. The core of this proposal is to gain insight in the neural underpinnings of anxiety and disorders related to anxiety using modern human brain-imaging such as scalp EEG and fMRI. I propose to enlighten how anxiety transforms and shapes human cognition and what the neural correlates and time-course of this modulatory effect are. The primary innovation of this project is the systematic use scalp EEG and fMRI in human participants to better understand the neural mechanisms by which anxiety profoundly influences specific cognitive functions, in particular selective attention and decision-making. The goal of this proposal is to precisely determine the exact timing (using scalp EEG), location, size and extent (using fMRI) of anxiety-related modulations on selective attention and decision-making in the human brain. Here I propose to focus on these two specific processes, because they are likely to reveal selective effects of anxiety on human cognition and can thus serve as powerful models to better figure out how anxiety operates in the human brain. Another important aspect of this project is the fact I envision to help bridge the gap in Health Psychology between fundamental research and clinical practice by proposing alternative revalidation strategies for human adult subjects affected by anxiety-related disorders, which could directly exploit the neuro-scientific discoveries generated in this scientific project.
Project acronym BANTURIVERS
Project At a Crossroads of Bantu Expansions: Present and Past Riverside Communities in the Congo Basin, from an Integrated Linguistic, Anthropological and Archaeological Perspective
Researcher (PI) Birgit RICQUIER
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITE LIBRE DE BRUXELLES
Summary The "Bantu Expansion", a research theme within the precolonial history of Central Africa, unites scholars of different disciplines. Much research is focused on the initial expansions of Bantu subgroups, which are explained as farmers ever looking for new lands and therefore avoiding the rainforest, also in the recent research on the "Savannah Corridor". We want to study a crossroads of different Bantu expansions in the very heart of the Central-African rainforest, namely the eastern part of the Congo Basin (the Congo River and its tributaries up- and downstream of Kisangani until Bumba and Kindu). The region hosts multiple language groups from Bantu and other origin, complex ethnic identities and people practicing complementary subsistence strategies. Considering that farming is complicated in a rainforest environment, we will investigate the role of rivers in the settlement of these speech communities into the area, both as ways into the forest and as abundant source of animal protein (fish). The project is multidisciplinary and will apply an integrated linguistic, anthropological and archaeological approach to study both present and past riverside communities in the Congo Basin. Historical comparative linguistics will offer insights into the historical relations between speech communities through language classification and the study of language contact, and will study specialized vocabulary to trace the history of river-related techniques, tools and knowledge. Anthropological research involves extensive fieldwork concerning ethnoecology, trade and/or exchange networks, sociocultural aspects of life at the riverside, and ethnohistory. Archaeologists will conduct surveys in the region of focus to provide a chrono-cultural framework.
The "Bantu Expansion", a research theme within the precolonial history of Central Africa, unites scholars of different disciplines. Much research is focused on the initial expansions of Bantu subgroups, which are explained as farmers ever looking for new lands and therefore avoiding the rainforest, also in the recent research on the "Savannah Corridor". We want to study a crossroads of different Bantu expansions in the very heart of the Central-African rainforest, namely the eastern part of the Congo Basin (the Congo River and its tributaries up- and downstream of Kisangani until Bumba and Kindu). The region hosts multiple language groups from Bantu and other origin, complex ethnic identities and people practicing complementary subsistence strategies. Considering that farming is complicated in a rainforest environment, we will investigate the role of rivers in the settlement of these speech communities into the area, both as ways into the forest and as abundant source of animal protein (fish). The project is multidisciplinary and will apply an integrated linguistic, anthropological and archaeological approach to study both present and past riverside communities in the Congo Basin. Historical comparative linguistics will offer insights into the historical relations between speech communities through language classification and the study of language contact, and will study specialized vocabulary to trace the history of river-related techniques, tools and knowledge. Anthropological research involves extensive fieldwork concerning ethnoecology, trade and/or exchange networks, sociocultural aspects of life at the riverside, and ethnohistory. Archaeologists will conduct surveys in the region of focus to provide a chrono-cultural framework.
Project acronym BrokenGenome
Project Breaking and rebuilding the genome: mechanistic rules for the dangerous game of sex.
Researcher (PI) Corentin CLAEYS BOUUAERT
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN
Summary Sexual reproduction depends on the programmed induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and their ensuing repair by homologous recombination. This complex process is essential for sexual reproduction because it ultimately allows the pairing and separation of homologous chromosomes during formation of haploid gametes. Although meiotic recombination has been investigated for decades, many of the underlying molecular processes remain unclear, largely due to the lack of biochemical studies. I have recently made important progress by, for the first time, successfully purifying proteins involved in two aspects of meiotic recombination: DSB formation and the final stage of formation of the crossovers that are a central raison-d'être of meiotic recombination. This has opened new avenues for future research that I intend to pursue in my own laboratory. Here, I propose a set of biochemical approaches, complemented by molecular genetics methods, to gain insights into four central problems: (i) How meiotic proteins collaborate to induce DSBs; (ii) How DSB proteins interact with components that form the axes of meiotic chromosomes; (iii) How proteins involved at later stages of recombination form crossovers; and (iv) How crossover proteins interact with components of synapsed chromosomes. For each problem, I will set up in vitro systems to probe the activities of the players involved, their interactions with DNA, and their assembly into macromolecular complexes. In addition, I propose to develop new methodology for identifying proteins that are associated with DNA that has undergone recombination-related DNA synthesis. My goal is to gain insights into the mechanisms that govern meiotic recombination. Importantly, these mechanisms are intimately linked not only to gamete formation, but also to the general recombination pathways that all cells use to maintain genome stability. In both contexts, our findings will be relevant to the development and avoidance of disease states.
Sexual reproduction depends on the programmed induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and their ensuing repair by homologous recombination. This complex process is essential for sexual reproduction because it ultimately allows the pairing and separation of homologous chromosomes during formation of haploid gametes. Although meiotic recombination has been investigated for decades, many of the underlying molecular processes remain unclear, largely due to the lack of biochemical studies. I have recently made important progress by, for the first time, successfully purifying proteins involved in two aspects of meiotic recombination: DSB formation and the final stage of formation of the crossovers that are a central raison-d'être of meiotic recombination. This has opened new avenues for future research that I intend to pursue in my own laboratory. Here, I propose a set of biochemical approaches, complemented by molecular genetics methods, to gain insights into four central problems: (i) How meiotic proteins collaborate to induce DSBs; (ii) How DSB proteins interact with components that form the axes of meiotic chromosomes; (iii) How proteins involved at later stages of recombination form crossovers; and (iv) How crossover proteins interact with components of synapsed chromosomes. For each problem, I will set up in vitro systems to probe the activities of the players involved, their interactions with DNA, and their assembly into macromolecular complexes. In addition, I propose to develop new methodology for identifying proteins that are associated with DNA that has undergone recombination-related DNA synthesis. My goal is to gain insights into the mechanisms that govern meiotic recombination. Importantly, these mechanisms are intimately linked not only to gamete formation, but also to the general recombination pathways that all cells use to maintain genome stability. In both contexts, our findings will be relevant to the development and avoidance of disease states.
Project acronym CAFYR
Project Constructing Age for Young Readers
Researcher (PI) Vanessa JOOSEN
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITEIT ANTWERPEN
Summary Constructing Age for Young Readers (CAFYR) CAFYR starts from the observations that Europe has recently witnessed a few pertinent crises in intergenerational tension, that age norms and ageism frequently go unchecked and that they are part of children's socialization. It aims at developing pioneering research for understanding how age is constructed in cultural products. CAFYR focuses on fiction for young readers as a discourse that often naturalizes age norms as part of an engaging story and that is endorsed in educational contexts for contributing to children's literacy, social and cultural development. The effect of three factors on the construction of age in children's books is studied: the age of the author, the age of the intended reader, and the age of the real reader. CAFYR aims to lay bare whether and how the age and aging process of children's authors affect their construction of the life stages in their works. It will show how various crosswriters shape the stages in life differently for young and adult readers. It considers the age of young readers as varied in its own right, and investigates how age is constructed differently for children of different ages, from preschoolers to adolescents. Finally, it brings together readers of various stages in the life course in a reception study that will help understand how real readers construct age, during the reading process and in dialogue with each other. CAFYR also aims to break new theoretical and methodological ground. It offers an interdisciplinary approach that enriches children's literature research with concepts and theories from age studies. It combines close reading strategies with distant reading and tools developed for digital text analysis. It provides a platform to people of different stages in life, contributing to their awareness about age, and facilitating and investigating dialogues about age, with the aim of ultimately fostering them more.
Constructing Age for Young Readers (CAFYR) CAFYR starts from the observations that Europe has recently witnessed a few pertinent crises in intergenerational tension, that age norms and ageism frequently go unchecked and that they are part of children's socialization. It aims at developing pioneering research for understanding how age is constructed in cultural products. CAFYR focuses on fiction for young readers as a discourse that often naturalizes age norms as part of an engaging story and that is endorsed in educational contexts for contributing to children's literacy, social and cultural development. The effect of three factors on the construction of age in children's books is studied: the age of the author, the age of the intended reader, and the age of the real reader. CAFYR aims to lay bare whether and how the age and aging process of children's authors affect their construction of the life stages in their works. It will show how various crosswriters shape the stages in life differently for young and adult readers. It considers the age of young readers as varied in its own right, and investigates how age is constructed differently for children of different ages, from preschoolers to adolescents. Finally, it brings together readers of various stages in the life course in a reception study that will help understand how real readers construct age, during the reading process and in dialogue with each other. CAFYR also aims to break new theoretical and methodological ground. It offers an interdisciplinary approach that enriches children's literature research with concepts and theories from age studies. It combines close reading strategies with distant reading and tools developed for digital text analysis. It provides a platform to people of different stages in life, contributing to their awareness about age, and facilitating and investigating dialogues about age, with the aim of ultimately fostering them more.
Project acronym CapBed
Project Engineered Capillary Beds for Successful Prevascularization of Tissue Engineering Constructs
Researcher (PI) Rogério Pedro Lemos de Sousa Pirraco
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSIDADE DO MINHO
Summary The demand for donated organs vastly outnumbers the supply, leading each year to the death of thousands of people and the suffering of millions more. Engineered tissues and organs following Tissue Engineering approaches are a possible solution to this problem. However, a prevascularization solution to irrigate complex engineered tissues and assure their survival after transplantation is currently elusive. In the human body, complex organs and tissues irrigation is achieved by a network of blood vessels termed capillary bed which suggests such a structure is needed in engineered tissues. Previous approaches to engineer capillary beds reached different levels of success but none yielded a fully functional one due to the inability in simultaneously addressing key elements such as correct angiogenic cell populations, a suitable matrix and dynamic conditions that mimic blood flow. CapBed aims at proposing a new technology to fabricate in vitro capillary beds that include a vascular axis that can be anastomosed with a patient circulation. Such capillary beds could be used as prime tools to prevascularize in vitro engineered tissues and provide fast perfusion of those after transplantation to a patient. Cutting edge techniques will be for the first time integrated in a disruptive approach to address the requirements listed above. Angiogenic cell sheets of human Adipose-derived Stromal Vascular fraction cells will provide the cell populations that integrate the capillaries and manage its intricate formation, as well as the collagen required to build the matrix that will hold the capillary beds. Innovative fabrication technologies such as 3D printing and laser photoablation will be used for the fabrication of the micropatterned matrix that will allow fluid flow through microfluidics. The resulting functional capillary beds can be used with virtually every tissue engineering strategy rendering the proposed strategy with massive economical, scientific and medical potential
The demand for donated organs vastly outnumbers the supply, leading each year to the death of thousands of people and the suffering of millions more. Engineered tissues and organs following Tissue Engineering approaches are a possible solution to this problem. However, a prevascularization solution to irrigate complex engineered tissues and assure their survival after transplantation is currently elusive. In the human body, complex organs and tissues irrigation is achieved by a network of blood vessels termed capillary bed which suggests such a structure is needed in engineered tissues. Previous approaches to engineer capillary beds reached different levels of success but none yielded a fully functional one due to the inability in simultaneously addressing key elements such as correct angiogenic cell populations, a suitable matrix and dynamic conditions that mimic blood flow. CapBed aims at proposing a new technology to fabricate in vitro capillary beds that include a vascular axis that can be anastomosed with a patient circulation. Such capillary beds could be used as prime tools to prevascularize in vitro engineered tissues and provide fast perfusion of those after transplantation to a patient. Cutting edge techniques will be for the first time integrated in a disruptive approach to address the requirements listed above. Angiogenic cell sheets of human Adipose-derived Stromal Vascular fraction cells will provide the cell populations that integrate the capillaries and manage its intricate formation, as well as the collagen required to build the matrix that will hold the capillary beds. Innovative fabrication technologies such as 3D printing and laser photoablation will be used for the fabrication of the micropatterned matrix that will allow fluid flow through microfluidics. The resulting functional capillary beds can be used with virtually every tissue engineering strategy rendering the proposed strategy with massive economical, scientific and medical potential
Project acronym DUNES
Project Sea, Sand and People. An Environmental History of Coastal Dunes
Researcher (PI) Joana FREITAS
Host Institution (HI) Faculdade de letras da Universidade de Lisboa
Summary Dunes are now protected environments, being top priority for coastal managers, because of their important role as coastal defences. But, it was not like that in the past. For centuries dunes were considered unproductive and dangerous. The sand blown by the wind was taken inland, invading fields, silting rivers and destroying villages. In the eighteenth century, a strategy was developed to fight against the dunes: trapping them with trees, with the double purpose of preventing the destruction of arable land and increasing their economic value converting them into forest areas. Different governments, in different countries supported the immobilization of the shifting sands. The strategy, developed in Europe, was taken to other places in the world. These works caused profound changes in vast coastal areas transforming arid landscapes of sandy dunes into green tree forests. This project aims to explore human-environment relations in coastal areas worldwide, since the eighteenth century until today, through the study of dunes as hybrid landscapes. Based on selected case-studies and comparative approaches, the project will focus on the origins, reasons and means of dunes afforestation; the impacts of the creation of new landscapes to local communities and ecosystems; and the present situation of dunes as coastal defences and rehabilitated environments. The final purpose is to produce an innovative global history of coastal dunes, combining knowledges from both Humanities and Social Sciences and Physical and Life Sciences, which has never been done. Supported by an interdisciplinary team, this research will result in new developments in the field of the Environmental History studies; provide relevant knowledge considering the need of efficient management solutions to adapt to the expected mean sea level rise; and stimulate environmental citizenship by disseminating the idea that the future of the world coasts depends on today's actions.
Dunes are now protected environments, being top priority for coastal managers, because of their important role as coastal defences. But, it was not like that in the past. For centuries dunes were considered unproductive and dangerous. The sand blown by the wind was taken inland, invading fields, silting rivers and destroying villages. In the eighteenth century, a strategy was developed to fight against the dunes: trapping them with trees, with the double purpose of preventing the destruction of arable land and increasing their economic value converting them into forest areas. Different governments, in different countries supported the immobilization of the shifting sands. The strategy, developed in Europe, was taken to other places in the world. These works caused profound changes in vast coastal areas transforming arid landscapes of sandy dunes into green tree forests. This project aims to explore human-environment relations in coastal areas worldwide, since the eighteenth century until today, through the study of dunes as hybrid landscapes. Based on selected case-studies and comparative approaches, the project will focus on the origins, reasons and means of dunes afforestation; the impacts of the creation of new landscapes to local communities and ecosystems; and the present situation of dunes as coastal defences and rehabilitated environments. The final purpose is to produce an innovative global history of coastal dunes, combining knowledges from both Humanities and Social Sciences and Physical and Life Sciences, which has never been done. Supported by an interdisciplinary team, this research will result in new developments in the field of the Environmental History studies; provide relevant knowledge considering the need of efficient management solutions to adapt to the expected mean sea level rise; and stimulate environmental citizenship by disseminating the idea that the future of the world coasts depends on today's actions.
Project acronym HANDLING
Project Writers handling pictures: a material intermediality (1880-today)
Researcher (PI) anne REVERSEAU
Summary Not only does the writer's hand hold the pen, it manipulates pictures as well. Writers touch, hoard, cut, copy, pin and paste various kinds of pictures and these actions integrate literature in visual culture in many ways that have never been tackled as a whole before. Some writers spent their life surrounded by pictures taken from magazines, creating an inspirational environment; yet others nurtured their imagination with touristic leaflets and visual advertisements; others created fictional characters based on collected portraits. What do writers do with pictures? How does literature stage the pictures handled? From very concrete and banal uses of pictures will emerge a new vision of literature as intermediality in action. This investigation applies the tool set of visual anthropology and visual studies to writers for a deeper understanding of visual ecosystems. Covering a large period, from the beginning of mass reproduction in the 1880s and the digital practices of today, HANDLING focuses on the French and French-speaking field and stands as a laboratory to refashion a broader model for relationships between image and text. Its main challenge is to get to the root of contemporary iconographic practices. HANDLING is unconventional because literary studies usually focus on the text: contrary to the norm, it sets the image at the very centre of the literary act. This approach might yield promising results for the visibility of literature in the future, especially in exhibitions. Making these practices visible will make literature itself more visible. As an internationally recognized specialist of text-image relationships with an in-depth knowledge of French/Belgian literature and photography, I will build a team and lead this 5-year ambitious project. Grounded in interdisciplinarity, it will show the significant and unexpected role of literature in material visual culture.
Not only does the writer's hand hold the pen, it manipulates pictures as well. Writers touch, hoard, cut, copy, pin and paste various kinds of pictures and these actions integrate literature in visual culture in many ways that have never been tackled as a whole before. Some writers spent their life surrounded by pictures taken from magazines, creating an inspirational environment; yet others nurtured their imagination with touristic leaflets and visual advertisements; others created fictional characters based on collected portraits. What do writers do with pictures? How does literature stage the pictures handled? From very concrete and banal uses of pictures will emerge a new vision of literature as intermediality in action. This investigation applies the tool set of visual anthropology and visual studies to writers for a deeper understanding of visual ecosystems. Covering a large period, from the beginning of mass reproduction in the 1880s and the digital practices of today, HANDLING focuses on the French and French-speaking field and stands as a laboratory to refashion a broader model for relationships between image and text. Its main challenge is to get to the root of contemporary iconographic practices. HANDLING is unconventional because literary studies usually focus on the text: contrary to the norm, it sets the image at the very centre of the literary act. This approach might yield promising results for the visibility of literature in the future, especially in exhibitions. Making these practices visible will make literature itself more visible. As an internationally recognized specialist of text-image relationships with an in-depth knowledge of French/Belgian literature and photography, I will build a team and lead this 5-year ambitious project. Grounded in interdisciplinarity, it will show the significant and unexpected role of literature in material visual culture.
Project acronym M-POWER
Project The Aggregate Implications of Market Power
Researcher (PI) Jan Kamiel S. De Loecker
Summary It has been long understood by economists that market power can negatively affect welfare by limiting output, stifling innovation, and introducing inefficiencies in the overall allocation of production. On the one hand, there is ample evidence from case-studies, that the presence of market power, in the form of explicit or implicit cartels and other practices of anti-competitive behavior, can lead to substantial damages to producers and consumers in a given market. On the other hand, very little is known about the broad cross- sectional and time-series patterns of market power across sectors, regions and countries. In addition, and perhaps more importantly, if market power is at all present, does it affect so-called aggregate outcomes in the product and factor markets? For example should the analysis of productivity growth and investment take into account the presence of market power, and does market power play a role in labor market outcomes, such as e.g. in the recently reported decline in the labor share across a variety of countries? This project aims to fill the gap in the literature by applying recently developed techniques to, first of all, systematically document markups, across firms in the entire economy, and secondly, to analyze the implications for producers and consumers in the economy at large, including both product and input markets. While the macroeconomic literature on misallocation has considered a variety of distortions that affect the allocation of inputs across plants, the project introduces an empirical framework to quantify the welfare loss from market power. Special attention is given to the impact on productive inefficiency. The overall aim is to better understand, and quantify, how market power affects the allocation of resources in the context of heterogeneous producers, and empirically quantify the trade-off of price and cost effects.
It has been long understood by economists that market power can negatively affect welfare by limiting output, stifling innovation, and introducing inefficiencies in the overall allocation of production. On the one hand, there is ample evidence from case-studies, that the presence of market power, in the form of explicit or implicit cartels and other practices of anti-competitive behavior, can lead to substantial damages to producers and consumers in a given market. On the other hand, very little is known about the broad cross- sectional and time-series patterns of market power across sectors, regions and countries. In addition, and perhaps more importantly, if market power is at all present, does it affect so-called aggregate outcomes in the product and factor markets? For example should the analysis of productivity growth and investment take into account the presence of market power, and does market power play a role in labor market outcomes, such as e.g. in the recently reported decline in the labor share across a variety of countries? This project aims to fill the gap in the literature by applying recently developed techniques to, first of all, systematically document markups, across firms in the entire economy, and secondly, to analyze the implications for producers and consumers in the economy at large, including both product and input markets. While the macroeconomic literature on misallocation has considered a variety of distortions that affect the allocation of inputs across plants, the project introduces an empirical framework to quantify the welfare loss from market power. Special attention is given to the impact on productive inefficiency. The overall aim is to better understand, and quantify, how market power affects the allocation of resources in the context of heterogeneous producers, and empirically quantify the trade-off of price and cost effects.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Office space for lease which includes 3 offices, reception, lunchroom and bathroom and and an additional 2 offices. Utilities (water & electricity) are included in the monthly rent. This spacious office suite is located above the Dial Rent to Own store with its own secure key code entrance.Layout of office space in photos.*Furniture not included.
I found this listing at 9361 Thomas New, St. Thomas, , 00802 and would like more information. Thank you.
Hi, Check out this property I found on Sea Glass Properties: 9361 Thomas New, MLS #18-1760.


WORKS WITH ALMOST ANY DEVICE - Connect to any Bluetooth®-enabled PC or Mac® or Windows® 8 tablet—no receiver required.
GO FOR ONE FULL YEAR -The M557 offers exceptional battery life for a Bluetooth mouse.
ALL THE CONTROL YOU NEED - Customizable buttons give you one-touch access to the things you use most, like the Windows 8 Desktop and Start Screen.
BLUETOOTH WIRELESS - Connect to any Bluetooth® -enabled PC or Mac® computer or Windows® 8 tablet—no receiver required. It's the one mouse you can rely on to work with all the devices you work on.
SLIM, AMBIDEXTROUS DESIGN - Whether you're a righty or a lefty, whether you use a fingertip or palm grip, the M557 is always a perfect fit.
12-MONTH BATTERY LIFE - Enjoy exceptional battery life for a Bluetooth mouse, and work for up to a full year between battery changes, An On/Off switch helps conserve power, smart sleep mode extends battery life, and an indicator light helps to ensure that you'll never be caught off guard.
WINDOWS 8 START SCREEN BUTTON - A button located behind the scroll wheel makes it fast and simple to switch between the traditional Windows desktop and apps and the new, full-screen Windows 8 interface.
FULLY CUSTOMIZABLE - You can change the way each button works to suit your needs and preferences. Our powerful software works with Windows 8, older versions of Windows and Mac OS®.
SIDE-TO-SIDE SCROLLING - The wheel on the Logitech® Bluetooth Mouse M557 not only lets you scroll up and down through documents, you can also tilt the wheel left and right to move back and forth between web pages, open windows and apps.
HIGH-DEFINITION OPTICAL SENSOR - The 1000 dpi, high-definition optical sensor delivers smooth, responsive cursor control, so you can work with precision and confidence on a wide variety of surfaces.
Size: 3.94H" x 2.28W" x 1.34D"
Imprint Size: 3/4W" x 1/2H"


Debutant striker Kenwyne Jones was delighted to make an instant impact for the Bluebirds after scoring the winning goal in a vital 2-1 win over Norwich.
Making his debut following his January move from Stoke City last week, Jones quickly established a relationship with Cardiff City fans by guiding home his 51st minute strike, before showing his delight with an incredibly acrobatic celebration.
Speaking following a Cardiff City Stadium inaugeration to remember, Jones said: "I'm very happy. First of all happy for the team to get three points, we had to dig deep after Norwich scored so early.
"The team was naturally a bit down after they scored, but we showed great character and belief to come out in the second half and do the business. It was important for us to come out here and lift the crowd and get the three points to start lifting us up the table.
"I'm happy for myself personally for scoring, first of all to be playing football again and again I can't really explain how happy I am. I've made a bit of a reputation to score on my debut and I'm pleased to have continued that."
The Bluebirds impressively turned around a one goal deficit with two quickfire goals early in the second half, with 'keeper David Marshall also helping to claim all three points with a string of match winning saves as the Canaries pushed for parity.
It was a performance not lost on Jones, who has quickly adjusted to life in South Wales and his new Cardiff City teammates.
"Marshall has been brilliant, not just today but all season," said Jones. "I'm sure he'll continue to go from strength to strength.
"Craig Noone is an exciting player and Zaha has made a name for himself. They're here to express their abilities - they certainly did today and hopefully they can continue to do that and of course provide that service to the frontmen."
As for Jones, a debut goal and first win as a Cardiff City player proved to be the icing on the cake for a man now looking to cement his place in the starting-11 and play regular Premier League football once again.
"It was a pretty easy decision for me to come here," said the Trinidad & Tobago frontman. "You want to play football. There's not much fun about sitting on the bench, you want to be back out there playing and I was delighted to make my debut today.
"Today was a beautiful day. We know there's a long way to go yet and there's plenty of points to still pick up. Now we have to start focusing on the next game because that's all important."
WATCH ALL THE REACTION TO CITY'S 2-1 WIN OVER NORWICH CITY ON YOUTUBE, BELOW.


How do I avoid accidental purchases in the Google Play Store?
VIP throws open the daily presents that are waiting for you: harsh Skyriders, new legendary hero Celestial, ancient magic Wrath of the Skies and, of course, gems!
The higher VIP level is – the more free gifts you will get every day! Maximum number of warriors and magic depends on VIP level.
VIP level is upgrading automatically while you spend gems in the game. Note that VIP level is rising even when VIP is not activated.
If you have VIP you will receive more profitable offers while purchasing gems.
You can purchase Skyriders and Wrath of the Skies by yourself when you have VIP (in Barracks and Alchemy Lab).
The levels of your VIP warriors are determined by the Castle level, and the spell is upgraded in the Alchemy Lab. Celestial gains experience in battles as well as other immortal heroes. After your VIP expires, the hero's level stays the same.
Players with VIP are also specially highlighted in the Brotherhood list.
Please remember to collect your VIP daily gifts from your ingame Mailbox every day, because they do not stack.
ATTENTION: If you have N units/spells in your HQ/Alchemy Lab you will receive only the difference between N and your VIP level limit.
For example: if you have 15 VIP units and your VIP level limit is 19 units, you will receive 4 units. So - you should spend the existing units and spells in battle to receive new ones in future gifts.
Subscription cost will be charged automatically every 7 days.
You can cancel your subscription in the *Account Settings* tab in *Payments* section of your Facebook account settings.
You will find additional information in Facebook Help Center.


Students at a famous Brooklyn high school scandalized by a blackface video are not happy with Mayor de Blasio's activities on Twitter.
Teen leaders from elite Poly Prep Country Day School took de Blasio to task in a letter published last week for tweeting a "misleading message" about the viral video controversy that roiled the school.
After The News broke the story of the video in which girls from Poly Prep wore blackface makeup and jumped and gibbered like monkeys, de Blasio took the school to task on social media.
"Poly Prep has some real explaining to do," he wrote on Twitter Jan. 20, with a link to a story about the flap.
"And what's absolutely clear is that a conversation about racism at the school is long overdue," he added.
But Poly Prep students hit back in a letter published two days later in which they argued that the kids involved in the blackface video represented just a fraction of Poly Prep.
They also noted that far more students participated in demonstrations against the video.
"We are writing in response to your recent Tweet about our school, Poly Prep," stated the teens' letter, which was signed by the student government and the black students' affinity group, Umoja.
"It was an oversimplified and inflammatory reaction," the letter continued.
The students also invited de Blasio to visit Poly Prep to see for himself.
De Blasio hasn't visited the school and his reps wouldn't say if one is in the works.
But he did send the students a letter on Wednesday in response to their message.
He didn't apologize for the Tweet, but he praised Poly Prep students for "holding administrators and faculty to a high standard" and for mounting a strong response to the video.
He also invited them hold the rest of the city accountable, too.


In this novel of the afterlife, an average Joe gets the chance to make things right with three figures from his past—and then things get strange.
As this unusual novel begins, Henry Ford (not the famous one) has just died of stomach cancer. Now that he's dead, he begins considering his life, because—like his high school nickname, "Edsel"—this Ford failed to deliver. Although he succeeded in not repeating his alcoholic father's worst sins, such as spousal abuse, he resembled his dad, Charlie, in other ways: by taking over his insurance-sales business, neglecting his own family, and drinking too much. Henry explores the afterlife in Purgatory and has visions that include mystifying numbers, symbols, and his mother telling him to avoid his father's fate—the "second death" of banishment to hell. About one-third of the way through the novel, the narration abruptly shifts from first to third person as Henry meets Billy, the "Piano Man"; Henry remembers seeing him play in a nightclub in Pensacola, where he used to vacation. Billy explains that Henry can request to see three people from his life, with whom he hopes to make things right. The novel tells a not-unexpected story of redemption involving Henry's relationships with wife, son, and daughter—but once it reaches that destination, it goes wildly off-road. Charlie gives Billy the second death, explaining that the Devil wants the Piano Man for his band; Henry is invited to celebrate Billy's lost soul at an extravagant rock opera/wake in which Satan is the headliner; and Charlie reveals a plan to help his son escape hell via a deal with the King of Thieves.
In his debut novel, Devon keeps up a colorful patter with frequent references to songs, movies, and other aspects of popular culture. Although Henry calls himself "ordinary," he's extraordinarily well-informed, making references to Buddhism's Bodhi Tree, for example, or James Joyce's Ulysses in this passage about his father: "Obscure and obscene, and born on a day in 1904 when the Joyce fella set his Dublin, novel….you see nothing but the dark night of a rotten soul entering the pale moon light to a whiter shade of hate." At the same time, there's nothing highbrow about how Henry's daughter Elizabeth learns to love music—from hearing Elton John's 1997 performance of "Candle in the Wind" at Princess Diana's funeral. Some of the novel's unexpected developments are fascinating, particularly the rock opera; Satan's introduction, for instance, is rich with impresario cadences: "I bring you the long tongue liar, the midnight rider, the rambler, the gambler, the back biter! The one and only, the first victim that rose to be the King of Babylon, Lucifer the beautiful morning star, your deal maker, the one who knows your name, the Serpent Shaitan!" Although the progress of Henry's soul becomes a little hard to follow in this heady atmosphere, the story somehow still manages to hang together.


El Camino Hospital, a not-for-profit hospital in Mountain View, California is located on a 41-acre campus in the heart of Silicon Valley. Consistently ranked as a leading hospital in the area, El Camino Hospital recently received the highest ranking in the Patients' Evaluation of Performance in California survey. The hospital has received national recognition for several pioneering programs, including cardiac treatments, radiation oncology, and maternity. For more than 42 years, El Camino Hospital has been distinguished by its high caliber staff and affiliated physicians, its comprehensive and innovative services, and its long history of responding to the needs of the community it serves.


There aren't many design studios that can claim a 125-year-old former lima bean factory as their headquarters, but for California-based Mattson Creative, it's home. Featuring a huge corrugated metal exterior, the studio cuts an impressive silhouette – but inside there's an even more unusual vibe.
Discover 15 inspiring examples of vintage posters at our sister site, Creative Bloq.


text:
Coconut Grove News
Restaurants Reopen in Coconut Grove
| 5/25/2020
MIAMI (WSVN) – Restaurants in several municipalities across Miami-Dade County, including the cities of Miami and Miami Beach, are set to make a culinary comeback in less than 24 hours.
To-go orders may have hardly kept these eateries afloat during the coronavirus pandemic, but come Wednesday, they'll be able to seat guests once again.
At The Lincoln Eatery in Miami Beach, restaurant staff are working around the clock to make sure their spaces are ready to go for the reopening.
"Everything is more super, super difficult," said Emmanuel Arrebot, who manages Le Petit Bistrot.
"I think now is a time for the local community to most certainly come out and support us more than ever," said Tyler Dabestani, who owns Necessary Purveyor.
But there are several restrictions in place that these businesses must follow in order to stay open.
Occupancies will be cut in half, utensils will be disposable, and outdoor seating will increase considerably.
In Coconut Grove, restaurant owners said they are eager to open their dining rooms again, but they may need more space.
"We're looking forward to welcoming people to sit outside," said Abigael Mahony, executive director of the Coconut Grove Business Improvement District.
City of Miami Commissioner Ken Russell said he's hopeful that closing down a couple of streets will allow for more social distancing.
"We put an application in to the county to close two of the streets within the Coconut Grove Business Improvement District so restaurants can spread out even further," he said.
"If people continue to use masks, to protect themselves, to social distance, then we should be fine," said Miami Mayor Francis Suarez.
At Brickell City Centre, employees at Pubbelly Sushi are making sure their customers feel as comfortable as possible.
"We will have hand sanitizer available for each and every guest placed on the table when they sit down," said David Arbital, front of house operations manager for Pubbelly Sushi.
But for some restaurant owners, it will be a brand-new adventure. Albert Cabrera and his team will be opening Marabu at Brickell City Centre in the middle of the pandemic.
"We've been working on this project for two years," said Cabrera.
The entrepreneur said they'll be waiting a little longer to open up their dining room, but they hope people will come out and support them when they do.
"Just keep your head up high and know there's going to be better days coming ahead," said Cabrera.


As the largest nature conservation charity in the UK, the RSPB has an ambitious strategy and consistently delivers successful conservation for all nature. This is achieved partly by forging powerful new partnerships with other organisations and by inspiring others to stand up for the natural world. We are at a key point in history for nature conservation in the UK and around the world. In this time of unprecedented change. the RSPB is evolving to respond to the natural world's greatest threats, ensuring that we are in the best possible shape to make a significant difference for nature. Now is the time to focus our work on those areas where we can make the biggest impact, and to invest in saving nature through the actions of people.
The deadline for applications is 9am GMT on Monday 11 February 2019.


text:
/**
 * @file   IncludeResolver.h
 *
 * @brief   This file provides APIs for resolving included files.
 */

#ifndef INCLUDE_RESOLVER_H
#define INCLUDE_RESOLVER_H

#include <fstream>
#include <algorithm>
#if defined (__TIZENRT__)
#include <apps/netutils/cJSON.h>
#else
#include "cJSON.h"
#endif
#include "yaml-cpp/yaml.h"
#include "yaml-cpp/exceptions.h"
#include "RamlUtils.h"
#include "RamlExceptions.h"

namespace RAML
{
    /**
     * @class   IncludeResolver
     * @brief   This class provides a set of APIs for resolving included files.
     */
    class IncludeResolver
    {
        public:
            /** FileType - enumeration for Included File types*/
            enum class FileType
            {
                NODE, JSON, FILE, NOTAG , ERROR
            };

        public:
            /**
                 * This method is for reading a file specified in YamlNode and parse it to
                 * getting the created RootNode from RAML file.
                 *
                 * @param yamlFile - Reference to YamlNode specifying the FileName.
                 *
                 * @return pointer to root node from the Parsed file.
                 */
            YAML::Node readToYamlNode(const YAML::Node &yamlFile );

            /**
                 * This method is for reading a file specified in YamlNode and parse the specified Json file.
                 *
                 * @param jsonFile - Reference to YamlNode specifying the FileName.
                 *
                 * @return cJSON pointer to CJson object.
                 */
            cJSON *readToJson(const YAML::Node &jsonFile );

            /**
                 * This method is for reading a file specified in YamlNode and parse the content of file.
                 *
                 * @param file - Reference to YamlNode specifying the FileName.
                 *
                 * @return contents of the file.
                 */
            std::string readFromFile(const YAML::Node &file );

            /**
                 * This method is checking the file type specified in YamlNode.
                 *
                 * @param yamlNode - Reference to YamlNode specifying the FileName.
                 *
                 * @return FileType type of file.
                 */
            FileType getFileType(const YAML::Node &yamlNode );

            /**
                 * This method is for reading a file specified and parse the content of file.
                 *
                 * @param jsonFileName - FileName of Json file to be read.
                 *
                 * @return pointer to CJson object.
                 */
            cJSON *readToJson(const std::string &jsonFileName);

            /**
                  * Constructor of IncludeResolver.
                  */
            IncludeResolver() {}

            /**
                  * Constructor of IncludeResolver.
                  *
                  * @param path -  configuration file path.
                  *
                  */
            IncludeResolver(const std::string &path) : m_path(path) {}

        private:
            std::string m_path;
    };

    /** IncludeResolverPtr - shared Ptr to IncludeResolver.*/
    typedef std::shared_ptr<IncludeResolver> IncludeResolverPtr;

}
#endif


Warm as the flavor of our land's product and colorful as the dream when you are a child: this is our Christmas.
Give to those you love the exclusive natural cotton shopper with the different selections of our products inside!
All at 20 euros each.


text:
Nairobi by-election: Ferdinand Waititu sues IEBC, EACC
18 days ago read comments by Muyela Roberto
- Ex-Kiambu governor Ferdinand Waititu said his impeachment process is still ongoing and as such, the law allows him to vie for an elective position
- Article 193(3) of the constitution says a person cannot be disqualified from vying for an elective post if he/she still has a pending case challenging their removal
- Chief Justice David Maraga appointed Justice George Dulu, Lady Justice Grace Nzioka and Lady Justice Winfrida Okwany to hear Waititu's petition against his removal
- The IEBC and EACC issued statements suggesting the two commissions were not going to clear Waititu to run in the Nairobi gubernatorial race
- LSK president Nelson Havi said it's only the court that can block a candidate who has been impeached from running in an election
Former Kiambu governor Ferdinand Waititu has sued the Independence Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) and the Ethics and Anti Corruption Commission (EACC) for violation and threatened violation of his rights.
Ex-Kiambu governor Ferdinand Waititu. Photo: Ferdinand Waititu.
In a petition filed as urgent at the Hight Court, Waititu who has expressed his interest in the Nairobi gubernatorial election accused the two commissions of suggesting they will block his candidature.
The attorney-general was also listed as a respondent in the case that Babayao, as he is also called, asked the court to pronounce itself.
Through his lawyer John Sakwa, Waititu insisted the law allows him to vie for an elective office despite having been impeached by the Senate, citing articles 193 and 99 in the constitution.
The articles allow a person whose integrity has been questioned, for instance, through an impeachment, to run for office as long as they have not exhausted all avenues in challenging their removal.
"A person is not disqualified under clause (2) unless all possibility of appeal or review of the relevant sentence or decision has been exhausted," Article 193(3) of the constitution reads.
Waititu challenged his impeachment at the High Court which means his impeachment process is still underway.
Outgoing Chief Justice David Maraga appointed Justice George Dulu, Lady Justice Grace Nzioka and Lady Justice Winfrida Okwany to hear the petition.
The ex-Kiambu county chief contested his removal stating he was unprocedurally ejected from office.
"The constitutional threshold of two-thirds MCAs was not met in my impeachment. There were only 56 MCAs instead of 62 MCAs out of 92 MCAs total membership of Kiambu county assembly. The Speaker lied to the Senate after receiving a consideration," said Waititiu.
Earlier on, TUKO.co.ke reported that the EACC and IEBC had hinted they may not approve Waititu's candidature since he was removed from office over allegations of abuse of office.
Remarks by the two commissions were echoed by former Senate deputy speaker Kithure Kindiki.
However, according to some legal minds, it is only the courts that can bar an impeached governor from seeking an elective position and not the IEBC or EACC.
"I have seen the statement by EACC that seems to indicate that the commission can make a decision barring anyone from contesting for office.
I think that is the height of impunity," Law Society of Kenya President Nelson Havi was quoted by The Standard on Friday, January 1.
The lawyer added IEBC will also be exercising double standards if it may try to bar Waititu from running stating that it set precedence when President Uhuru Kenyatta and his Deputy William Ruto were cleared by the poll agency to vie for office in 2013 yet they were facing charges at The Hague.
Havi further stated the courts had the final say citing a case in which the High Court allowed Wavinya Ndeti to vie in the Machakos gubernatorial race after the IEBC tried to elbow her out for being registered as a member of two political parties.
The fate of Waitutu on whether or not the IEBC will list him as among candidates seeking to replace impeached Mike Sonko in about a week when the poll body will list names of candidates who will have been approved by all required agencies to run in the election.
A legal tussle between Babayao and the IEBC will be inevitable if his name will be missing in the list.
The ex-Kiambu county chief seeking to run as an independent candidate.
There are about 13 other independent candidates.
Apart from Waititu, deported lawyer Miguna Miguna has expressed interest in the seat through the Third Way Alliance party.
The ODM Party withdrew from the race in favour of Jubilee which has fronted businesswoman Agnes Kagure and former Dagoretti South MP Dennis Waweru.
Waweru and Kagura are expected to lock horns at the primaries which will determine who between them will be the ruling party's flagbearer.
Mother from Hell | Tuko TV | Tuko my Story.
Ferdinand Waititu NewsMike Sonko News
COTU decries high taxes after Uhuru signs Tax Laws Bill


text:
Q: Raising an Alert with THROW It seems to me that SQL THROW is missing a crucial feature that RAISERROR has, and that is the abilty to use WITH LOG so that an Alert can be fired when the error number is logged in the Application log.
Is there a simple way to do this that is escaping me or do I still have to rely on the more cumbersome RAISERROR and sp_addmessage SP?
I would like to be able to notify an Operator through an Alert using THROW in a CATCH block.

A: No, THROW is missing some RAISERROR functionality, including WITH LOG. I blogged about this back when SQL Server 2012 was still in beta, and no changes have been made since:

*

*SQL Server v.Next (Denali) : Exploring THROW
However, you don't need to use sp_addmessage to send RAISERROR messages to the log, unless you need a custom message number outside of 50000:
DECLARE @s VARCHAR(32) = 'friend';
RAISERROR(N'What happened %s?', 19, 1, @s) WITH LOG;

Results:

Reading the guts of the question again, you probably do want to use sp_addmessage to achieve your ultimate goal. I shouldn't have tried to separate the logging on its own from that (50000 doesn't help much if you have other errors getting logged and want different alerts).
Example of putting the error number into the text for the message raised by RAISERROR:
BEGIN TRY
  SELECT 1/0;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
  DECLARE @err INT = ERROR_NUMBER();
  RAISERROR(N'What happened %d?', 19, 1, @err) WITH LOG;
END CATCH

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


ALTON, Ill. (May 16, 2016) – Simmons Hanly Conroy, a national litigation firm, announced today a Pennsylvania appeals court has upheld a $3 million verdict against Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson, for severe birth injuries resulting from the mother taking Topamax during pregnancy.
Simmons Hanly Conroy attorney Andrew Williams represented parents Kelly and Brian Anderson against Janssen and Johnson & Johnson in the 2014 trial in the Court of Common Pleas in Philadelphia County. The Andersons' daughter was born in 2008 with bilateral cleft palate and lip. The jury found the drug manufacturer was liable for failing to warn the mother's doctors of the increased risk of birth injuries when Topamax is taken during the first trimester.
On May 11, the Superior Court of Pennsylvania affirmed the jury's ruling, finding that Janssen failed to make proper efforts, in general, to warn doctors about what risks it may have known about Topamax.
On the appeal, Janssen argued it should not be found liable for failing to warn because it was unable to change the drug's pregnancy warning level via the label without permission from the U.S. Food & Drug Administration.
The three-judge panel disagreed, saying because Janssen is a name-brand drug manufacturer, it still had a duty to warn doctors and the labeling was a separate issue.
Topamax is prescribed to help prevent certain types of seizures and to prevent migraine headaches in adults. The Antiepileptic Drug Pregnancy Registry reports a 3.8 percent prevalence of oral birth defects in children exposed to Topamax in utero during the first trimester. Two of the particular risks listed by this registry are cleft lip and/or cleft palate in newborns, which is known to develop in the first trimester of pregnancy before many women even know that they are pregnant.
The FDA required the pharmaceutical company to update Topamax's label in 2011, three years after the Anderson child's birth.
Kelly Anderson took Topamax to treat migraine headaches in 2007 and 2008 while pregnant. She was unaware of the dangerous effects it could have on her unborn child. In August 2008, Anderson's daughter was born with bilateral cleft palate and lip.
Since then, the child has required more than 14 procedures, including several surgeries, to treat the condition. She has also suffered hearing loss, speech problems, and has been bullied because of her speech and appearance.
The jury awarded $1.5 million to the little girl for non-economic damages and $1.5 million to her parents to pay for her anticipated healthcare expenses.
The case is Anderson et al. v. Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc., case number 2330 EDA 2014, in the Superior Court of the State of Pennsylvania.


text:
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Eleanor Sepanski
Email: esepanski@boodlehatfield.com
In 2011, the government announced two new forms of tax relief to encourage philanthropy. One is a tax incentive for lifetime gifts of important works of art to the nation (to be introduced from a date yet to be announced). The other is a reduced rate of inheritance tax for certain charitable donations on death. The inheritance tax relief is now in force and presents some interesting planning opportunities, which this article explores.
Inheritance tax relief
A reduced rate of inheritance tax (36% instead of the usual 40%) is available to estates of people who die on or after 6 April 2012 leaving 10% or more of their net estate to charity.
There is no tax benefit to be gained from the reduced rate unless the estate is actually taxable. Only around 3% of estates in the UK pay inheritance tax each year. In most cases, the value of the estate does not exceed the 0% band (currently £325,000 or up to £650,000 if there is a transferable nil band from a former deceased spouse), or else is covered by the spouse exemption or other reliefs. In short, the reduced rate is really only relevant to people whose estates will be subject to inheritance tax and who want to leave something to charity on their death.
Nevertheless, while few estates will prove to be taxable in the end, people may want to include qualifying gifts to charity in their Wills as a fall-back, in the event that the gifts to their primary beneficiaries fail (e.g. if their spouse dies first) and the relief may therefore be helpful.
There will be cases where increasing an existing charitable legacy to meet the 10% threshold may be particularly beneficial. Donors who already intend to leave 4% of their net chargeable estate to charity can increase the gift to 10% without any reduction in the value passing to the other beneficiaries - the cost of the increased charitable gift is effectively borne by HM Revenue and Customs.
Assume a gross estate of £1 million. There is no tax to pay on the first £325,000 and so the net taxable estate is £675,000. Compare the following charitable donations:
Charity Gift 4% 10%
Charity receives £27,000 £67,500
IHT (40% / 36%) £259,200 £218,700
Non-charity beneficiaries receive £713,800 £713,800
By increasing the legacy from 4% to 10%, the charity receives an additional £40,500. This is paid for by a corresponding reduction in IHT as a result of the lower rate and without any loss to the rest of the estate.
Similarly, donors intending to leave a charitable legacy of somewhere between 4% and 10% can increase this to 10% and both the charity and the other beneficiaries will be better off. This is because the tax saving which flows from the reduced IHT rate is more than enough to meet the increased charity gift, so the benefit is effectively shared between the charity and the other beneficiaries.
Example continued:
At the other ends of the spectrum, it follows that a donation of less than 4% which is increased to meet the 10% threshold will be paid for principally by a reduction in tax but partly also at the cost of the other beneficiaries. Clearly any gift to charity will come at the expense of other beneficiaries, compared to no charitable gift at all.
There is no added tax benefit to non-charity beneficiaries if more than 10% of an estate is given to charity, because the tax savings decrease as a proportion of the donation(s).
Ultimately, the right approach for any individual will depend on their circumstances and their priorities.
Although the idea behind this relief is simple enough, the way in which it is calculated and applied is less straight-forward. There are several different ways in which a Will can provide for a qualifying gift to be made and the options need careful consideration. There may also be additional complexity for executors of estates since assets passing on the death outside the Will may also obtain the relief. These include trust assets in which the deceased had a qualifying life interest and jointly owned property passing by survivorship as well as property in which the deceased had reserved a benefit.
Despite the complexities, many people may prefer to leave more to charity and pay less inheritance tax, especially if they can do so without affecting or possibly benefitting their other beneficiaries.
U-turn on gift aid relief cap
It was announced in the Budget this year that a cap would be introduced from April 2013 on income tax reliefs which are currently unlimited, such as gift aid. This was at odds with other measures to encourage more philanthropy. Thankfully the government listened to the charity world which was very concerned about the impact on large donations. It announced on 31 May that there will be no cap on income tax relief for lifetime charitable giving. The cap on other types of relief (e.g. loss relief) will go ahead as planned.
Giving to EU charities
From 1 April 2012 donors are able to claim all available UK tax reliefs on donations to qualifying charities located in another EU member state or in Iceland or Norway. This extended relief has applied to gift aid donations since 1 April 2010 but now applies to tax reliefs for any donation, including those made on death.
In order to qualify, the recipient charity must be registered by the relevant body equivalent to the Charity Commission if required by the domestic law of the country concerned and the managers of the charity must be "fit and proper persons."
In some EU countries, the charity registration standards may not be quite as stringent as those in the UK. Donors should carry out thorough inquiries before making substantial donations to ensure tax relief is not lost.
UK tax relief is not available for gifts to charities outside the EU even if the recipient organisation would be "charitable" under English law. Potential donors must therefore look at alternative methods for donating to those charities.
To view more recent articles, click here or visit our Twitter page. Find out more about philanthropy and charities.
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1st Filipino Heritage Tour Of Carson
In conjunction with "Recuerdos-Souvenirs," New Works by Eliseo "EL1SY" Art Silva which opened at Pinta*Dos Philippine Art Gallery on October 3 and will be up until November 23, 2019, the artist will conduct a guided tour of his Carson-based "recuerdos" on Friday, October 25 from 1:30pm -4 pm.
Dubbed as the "First Filipino Heritage Tour of Carson," it will be free and open to the public. The meeting place will be the Rizal Monument at the Carson Civic Center at 1:30pm sharp, to be followed by stops at the following places: Manifest Diversity Mural (2010) which is located at the Loker Student Union at California State, Dominguez Hills, and the Roots and Wings Mural (1996) which is beside the Maynila Restaurant on Main Street. A visit to Recuerdos' satellite art exhibit called The Philippine Masters Collection (2019) inside the Mabuhay Credit Union on 146 W Carson St. is included in the tour. Mabuhay Credit Union's Philippine Master's Collection by Eliseo Art Silva visually introduces Philippine Masters into the U.S. cultural landscape, reinterpreted into new paintings designed to contextualize the Filipino story in America. Silva considers these series of large-scale canvases (three 6' x 6' paintings of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao as the subject and a 12' x 6' panel honoring the masterpieces of Juan Luna with the Republic of the Philippines as the "main event"), to be the exact studio art/ painting counterpart and equivalent of his first city-commissioned public art work: the 1995 Gintong Kasaysayan Filipinotown mural of Los Angeles. This seminal series is not only one of only two American sites to honor Philippine Masters. The other is the Philippine Nationality Room, at the University of Pittsburgh, in Pennsylvania, brings to full-circle his signature art in the US (the 1995 LA Filipino mural), but also signals the artist return to his first love: painting. To end the tour, there will be a "No-Host Merienda" at Goldilocks which is located on Main and Carson Streets.
Since artist Eliseo Art Silva is relocating to the Philippines by November 2020, "Recuerdos-Souvenirs" is his last solo exhibition as a US-based artist. This exhibition and guided tour of his public art will give viewers a chance to see both his new and old works before he restores his original trajectory to create art as a Philippines-based painter, thus this new collection was called recuerdos (souvenirs). When Pinta*Dos Art Gallery opened its doors in June 2017, he was the inaugural artist and his works were on an extended exhibition for six months because of the interest it has generated. The gallery is located at 479 W Sixth St, Suite 105, Historic Arts District,, San Pedro, CA. Anyone interested in the tour should email Linda Nietes-Little : info@pintadosgallery.com or call 310-514-9139 or 310-548-8148.
1:30 PM - 4:00 PM PDT
Jose Rizal monument at the parking lot behind the Carson Civic Center,
http://www.pintadosgallery.com
Linda Nietes-Little