text:
US20060129526A1 - System, apparatus and method of providing at least one of a plurality of serivce providers of a service based on a context in which the service is to be used - Google Patents
System, apparatus and method of providing at least one of a plurality of serivce providers of a service based on a context in which the service is to be used Download PDF
Richard Sitze
2005-04-05 Assigned to INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION reassignment INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SITZE, RICHARD ALAN
G06F9/50—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU]
G06F9/5005—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU] to service a request
G06F9/5027—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU] to service a request the resource being a machine, e.g. CPUs, Servers, Terminals
G06F2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F9/00
G06F2209/462—Lookup
A system, apparatus and method of providing at least one of a plurality of service providers of a service based on a context in which the service is to be used are provided. When a request, which includes an indication of a context in which the service is to be used, is received to locate the service, it is determined whether there is at least one service provider that is configured to be used specifically in the context in the request. If so, at least one instance of the at least one service provider is returned to the requester. Otherwise, at least one instance of a default service provider is returned, if available.
The present invention is directed to software applications. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a system, apparatus and method of providing at least one of a plurality of service providers of a service based on a context in which the service is to be used.
Java™, an object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc., is platform-independent, and networking/distributed-computing friendly. The Java platform provides for the development and deployment of reusable components, including Java classes and interfaces. A Java class (i.e., class) file is a compiled Java source file. Generally, a class file is generated for each class in a source file. A Java interface defines operations, also termed methods, that a class implements (i.e., declares what a class does).
Java programs may optionally be packaged into a Java ARchive (JAR) file. A JAR file is a file format that is used to bundle components required by a Java program. More specifically, a JAR file is a ZIP file that is created using a JAR utility. The JAR file may have a subdirectory of meta-information that is always named META-INF. The subdirectory may contain a manifest file that is always named MANIFEST.MF. The MANIFEST.MF file contains arbitrary information about the files in the archive, such as their encoding or language. In addition to the MANIFEST.MF file, the META-INF subdirectory may contain other subdirectories, programs, or files that represent meta-information a user wishes to include in the archive. For example, a user who has a service called my.java.ServiceInterface may store the name of a Java class that implements the service in a service provider file named META-INF/services/my.java.ServiceInterface.
A service is a well-known interface or an abstract class. An abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated. Each service has a provider that offers the service. Put differently, a service provider is a specific implementation of a service.
As alluded to above, the subdirectory META-INF/services contains at least one service provider file. A service provider file is a file in which one or more service providers of the service (i.e., one or a plurality of different implementations of the service) may be specified. Note that, there may be a plurality of other JAR files each having at least one service provider file that specifies one or more service providers of each service. To determine which service providers implement a particular service, a service discovery tool is ordinarily used.
When a service discovery tool is invoked with the name of a service (e.g., my.java.ServiceInterface) as an attribute, the service discovery tool will locate the service provider file of the service in directory META-INF/services of all the JAR files that pertain to the service. The service discovery tool will also locate and return an instance of each one of the service providers of the service. However, although the service discovery tool may locate multiple service providers supporting a given service, there is no defined mechanism for either specifying or locating a service or services that would be appropriate in a particular context.
For example, in WebSphere Application Server or WAS (a product of IBM, Corp.), a high-speed non-validating XML parser may be required. If a service discovery tool is invoked with the name of the parser service (e.g., javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory) as an attribute and the name of the service provider (e.g., com.ibm.xml.parsers.FastParser) is specified in the appropriate service provider file or files (e.g., META-INF/services/javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory), the service discovery tool may locate the service provider file or files, read the parser name, load, instantiate, and return the com.ibm.xml.parsers.FastParser class as a service provider of the service.
A Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition (J2EE) application that is in need of a parser may use a service discovery tool, or such a tool may be used to implement a standard command such as SAXParserFactory.newinstance ( ), to locate and instantiate the parser. A J2EE application is generally used to deploy Web-based enterprise applications online. As a quality of service feature, a more robust validating parser may be required. In such an instance, two different parsers will have to be used (i.e., a non-validating parser for WAS and a more robust validating parser for J2EE). While both types of the parser may be bound to the javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory interface using a service definition file (or files), there is not presently a way to automatically determine which parser is appropriate for WAS or for a J2EE application.
Thus, there is a need to provide at least one of a plurality of service providers of a service based on a context in which the service is to be used.
The present invention provides a system, apparatus and method of providing at least one of a plurality of service providers of a service based on a context in which the service is to be used. When a request, which includes an indication of a context in which the service is to be used, is received to locate the service, it is determined whether there is at least one service provider that is configured to be used specifically in the context in the request. If so, at least one instance of the at least one service provider is returned to the requester. Otherwise, at least one instance of a default service provider is returned, if available.
In a particular embodiment, it is determined whether there is a directory or subdirectory associated with the context in which the service is to be used and if so, whether there is a service provider file of the service located in the directory or subdirectory. If there is a service provider file located in the directory or subdirectory, at least one instance of a service provider is returned otherwise at least one instance of a default service provider is returned, if available.
The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a process that may be used to implement the invention.
FIG. 2 is an exemplary block diagram of a data processing system in which the present invention may be implemented.
One of the basic command formats of the service discovery tool is Service.provider(Class type) to look a service provider up by type. Here, "type" may be replaced by any specific serviceInterface. If, on the other hand, a service provider is to be looked up by a service identifier, the format is Service.provider(String id). In this case, "id" may be replaced by any specific name of a serviceInterface.
The Java classes that implement a particular service interface may be listed in a service provider file (or files) whose name is of the form: META-INF/services/serviceInterface. Thus, in the case of the high-speed XML parser of the example in the Background of the Invention, the service provider file (or files) is META-INF/services/javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory, and it would contain the service provider name "com.ibm.xml.parsers.FastParser".
The present invention proposes to place the service provider file (or files) for a service that is specifically targeted to be used in a particular context (i.e., to be used by a particular requester) in file META-INF/services/context/serviceInterface. Again, in the case of the XML parser, the file is META-INF/services/context/javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory. Therefore, the name of the class that implements the high-speed parser used by WAS may be placed in the service provider file (or files) META-INF/services/WAS/javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory.
Further, the present invention proposes to have any requester that desires to employ a service that is particularly designed for its use to utilize a service discovery invocation of the form: Service.provider(String context, Class type). This will allow the service discovery tool to look for the service provider file (or files) in the context directory. For example, when the high-speed parser that is configured to be used by WAS is to be plugged into WAS, the service discovery tool may be invoked using the service discovery invocation of the form:Service.provider("WAS", javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory.class).
If a service discovery is invoked using Service.provider(String context, Class type) and file META-INF/services/context/serviceInterface does not exist or the classes specified within serviceInterface cannot be loaded, then a default service provider file META-INF/services/serviceInterface may be used. To continue with the example above, if there is not a loadable parser specified in file (or files) META-INF/services/WAS/javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory, or if the file (or files) does not exist, a default parser (or parsers), which may be specified in the service provider file (or files) META-INF/services/javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory, may then be used.
In the above-disclosure of the invention, the service discovery tool was invoked using the command format Service.provider(String context, Class type). However, the invention is not thus restricted. Many other formats may be used. For example, Service.provider(Class CallingClass, Class type) may also be used. As the term CallingClass suggests, the class of the requester is used to determine the directory in which the service may be located. Further, it is even possible to use the format Service.provider(Class type) in order to use the invention. In this case, the calling class may be determined by examining the call-stack. Thus, various other formats may be used so long as a context, such as the requester of the service, may be gleaned from the invocation of the service discovery tool. And as before, if there is not a loadable service that is specifically implemented to be used by the requester, instances of default service providers may be returned. Consequently, the format of the service invocation used in the above-disclosure is for illustrative purposes only.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a process that may be used in implementing the invention. The process starts when the service discovery tool is invoked (step 100). Then, a check is made to determine whether a context is included in the invocation of the service discovery tool (step 102). Note that here, any format of the invocation of the service discovery tool may be used, including the customary format of Service.provider(Class type). In that case, the call-stack may be examined for a calling class resolution. Using the calling class, the context may then be determined. In any case, once the context is known, a check may be made to determine whether there is a specific service provider file (or files) that is associated with the context (step 104). If so, it may be determined if at least one service provider specified by the service provider file (or files) is loadable (step 106). If at least one service provider is loadable, it is loaded and an instance is returned to the requestor before the process ends (steps 108 and 110). If the result to any one of the tests or checks above is negative, the process may proceed as customary. That is, at least one instance of a generic or default version of the service provider, which may be specified in a default service provider file, may be returned to the requester before the process ends (steps 112 and 110).
FIG. 2 is a data processing system on which the invention may be implemented. Data processing system 200 employs a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) local bus architecture. Although the depicted example employs a PCI bus, other bus architectures such as Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) and Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) may be used. Processor 202 and main memory 204 are connected to PCI local bus 206 through PCI bridge 208. PCI bridge 208 also may include an integrated memory controller and cache memory for processor 202. Additional connections to PCI local bus 206 may be made through direct component interconnection or through add-in boards. In the depicted example, local area network (LAN) adapter 210, SCSI host bus adapter 212, and expansion bus interface 214 are connected to PCI local bus 206 by direct component connection. In contrast, audio adapter 216, graphics adapter 218, and audio/video adapter 219 are connected to PCI local bus 206 by add-in boards inserted into expansion slots. Expansion bus interface 214 provides a connection for a keyboard and mouse adapter 220, modem 222, and additional memory 224. Small computer system interface (SCSI) host bus adapter 212 provides a connection for hard disk drive 226, tape drive 228, and CD-ROM/DVD drive 230. Typical PCI local bus implementations will support three or four PCI expansion slots or add-in connectors.
An operating system runs on processor 202 and is used to coordinate and provide control of various components within data processing system 200. The operating system may be a commercially available operating system, such as Windows XP™, which is available from Microsoft Corporation. An object oriented programming system such as Java may run in conjunction with the operating system and provide calls to the operating system from Java programs or applications executing on data processing system 200. As mentioned earlier, Java™ is a product of Sun Microsystems, Inc. The operating system, the object-oriented operating system, and applications or programs as well as the present invention may be located on storage devices, such as hard disk drive 226, and may be loaded into main memory 204 for execution by processor 202.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the hardware in FIG. 2 may vary depending on implementations. Other internal hardware or peripheral devices, such as flash ROM (or equivalent nonvolatile memory) or optical disk drives and the like, may be used in addition to or in place of the hardware depicted in FIG. 2. Also, the processes of the present invention may be applied to a multiprocessor data processing system.
As another example, data processing system 200 may be a stand-alone system configured to be bootable without relying on some type of network communication interface, whether or not data processing system 200 comprises some type of network communication interface. As a further example, data processing system 200 may be a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device, which is configured with ROM and/or flash ROM in order to provide non-volatile memory for storing operating system files and/or user-generated data.
The depicted example in FIG. 2 and above-described examples are not meant to imply architectural limitations. For example, data processing system 200 may also be a notebook computer or hand held computer in addition to taking the form of a PDA. Data processing system 200 also may be a kiosk or a Web appliance.
The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention, the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
1. A method of providing at least one of a plurality of service providers of a service based on a context in which the service is to be used comprising the steps of:
receiving a request to locate the service;
determining, using the request, the context in which the service is to be used;
ascertaining whether there is at least one service provider that is configured to be used specifically in the context in the request; and
returning the at least one service provider if it is ascertained that there is at least one service provider that is configured to be used specifically in the context in the request.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein at least one default service provider is returned if it is determined that there is not at least one service provider that is configured to be used specifically in the context and the at least one default service provider is available.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of ascertaining includes the step of determining whether there is a directory associated with the context in which the service is to be used.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the step of ascertaining further includes the step of determining whether there is at least one service provider file associated with the service in the directory.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein if there is at least one service provider file associated with the service in the directory, it is determined whether there is at least one loadable service provider defined in the at least one service provider file.
6. A computer program product on a computer readable medium for providing at least one of a plurality of service providers of a service based on a context in which the service is to be used comprising:
code means for receiving a request to locate the service;
code means for determining, using the request, the context in which the service is to be used;
code means for ascertaining whether there is at least one service provider that is configured to be used specifically in the context in the request; and
code means for returning the at least one service provider if it is ascertained that there is at least one service provider that is configured to be used specifically in the context in the request.
7. The computer program product of claim 6 wherein at least one default service provider is returned if it is determined that there is not at least one service provider that is configured to be used specifically in the context and the at least one default service provider is available.
8. The computer program product of claim 6 wherein the ascertaining code means includes code means for determining whether there is a directory associated with the context in which the service is to be used.
9. The computer program product of claim 8 wherein the ascertaining code means further includes code means for determining whether there is at least one service provider file associated with the service in the directory.
10. The computer program product of claim 9 wherein if there is at least one service provider file associated with the service in the directory, it is determined whether there is at least one loadable service provider defined in the at least one service provider file.
11. An apparatus for providing at least one of a plurality of service providers of a service based on a context in which the service is to be used comprising:
means for receiving a request to locate the service;
means for determining, using the request, the context in which the service is to be used;
means for ascertaining whether there is at least one service provider that is configured to be used specifically in the context in the request; and
means for returning the at least one service provider if it is ascertained that there is at least one service provider that is configured to be used specifically in the context in the request.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein at least one default service provider is returned if it is determined that there is not at least one service provider that is configured to be used specifically in the context and the at least one default service provider is available.
13. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the ascertaining means includes means for determining whether there is a directory associated with the context in which the service is to be used.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the ascertaining means further includes means for determining whether there is at least one service provider file associated with the service in the directory.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein if there is at least one service provider file associated with the service in the directory, it is determined whether there is at least one loadable service provider defined in the at least one service provider file.
16. A system for providing at least one of a plurality of service providers of a service based on a context in which the service is to be used comprising:
at least one storage device for storing code data; and
at least one processor for processing the code data to receive a request to locate the service, to determine, using the request, the context in which the service is to be used, to ascertain whether there is at least one service provider that is configured to be used specifically in the context in the request, and to return the at least one service provider if it is ascertained that there is at least one service provider that is configured to be used specifically in the context in the request.
17. The system of claim 16 wherein at least one default service provider is returned if it is determined that there is not at least one service provider that is configured to be used specifically in the context and the at least one default service provider is available.
18. The system of claim 16 wherein the code data is further processed to determine whether there is a directory associated with the context in which the service is to be used.
19. The system of claim 18 wherein the code data is further processed to determine whether there is at least one service provider file associated with the service in the directory.
20. The system of claim 19 wherein if there is at least one service provider file associated with the service in the directory, it is determined whether there is at least one loadable service provider defined in the at least one service provider file.
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Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SITZE, RICHARD ALAN;REEL/FRAME:016010/0695

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


BBC News | SCI/TECH | Animal transplants: A step closer?
Scientists have produced genetically engineered pig clones with organs designed for human transplants. BBC News Online looks at the implications.
What is special about the pigs?
The pigs have been genetically engineered in a way that should make their organs more suitable for transplant into humans.
A gene that would normally lead pig organs to be rejected by the human body has been switched off.
In theory this makes the pig tissue a closer match for human transplant operations.
However, the human immune system is extremely complex and further work will be needed to find out if this really is the case.
The fact that the genetically engineered pigs are clones would potentially allow a ready supply of organs to be produced. However, the cloning process must be made more efficient if this is ever to become a reality.
A pig's heart is about the same size as a human heart. Pig heart valves have been used in human heart surgery for over a decade.
Pigs have already been cloned and genetically engineered.
Scientists understand something of what they need to do to make pig organs less likely to be rejected by the human immune system after transplantation.
What are the future applications of xenotransplantation?
The pig clones, produced by PPL Therapeutics, and similar research by other biopharmaceutical companies, are the first steps towards providing animal organs and tissues for human transplants (xenotransplantation).
If xenotransplantation becomes a reality, it will be a multi-billion dollar business. This is one reason why the companies involved are keen to report any progress as soon as possible.
However, there are still major problems to be overcome. One obstacle is the theoretical possibility that pig tissue could infect patients with pig viruses.
An investigation by British scientists into the risks of animal transplants into organs has warned that a virus called porcine endogenous retrovirus can infect human cells in the laboratory.
A year ago, the UK Government agency responsible for regulating xenotransplantation research said human trials remained some way off. It also found fault with overzealous researchers for creating what it called "inflated expectations about the promise of xeno-organ transplants".
The work by PPL Therapeutics has yet to be published in a scientific journal. Many scientists will be waiting to see whether the research can be reproduced.
PPL says one of its first targets is to produce pig pancreatic tissue that can be transplanted into human diabetic patients who lack insulin because of defective cells in the pancreas.
The company says experiments will be carried out on monkeys first.
Human clinical trials are not likely to take place for several years.


Incorporating text from both Defoe and Michel Tournier's 1968 reworking (Friday, or the Other Island), Robinson: The Other Island is part stage show, part radio play, part ASMR experience. Using innovative binaural sound, this production has been 3 years in the making, and involves the participation of local book clubs. Developed for adult audiences.
Audiences will wear headphones throughout this performance.
Sound:Jack Drewry and John Norton. Design: Ben Pacey. Lighting: Angharad Evans.


You've probably know that Nokia made a big comeback to the smartphone business after the company sold its smartphone making section to Microsoft years ago. After that, Nokia continues to exists just as many people thought Nokia died. The company focused on its other business – telecommunications infrastructure and networking equipment.
Last year, Microsoft sold its Nokia-branded feature phone business to HMD Global, a newly formed company composed of former Nokia and Microsoft executives and employees. Then HMD Global got a big nod from Nokia to use its name, patents and rights to pave the way of Nokia's return to the smartphone arena. And earlier this year, Nokia did made a return with four new smartphones – the Nokia 3, 5, and 6 with the iconic Nokia 3310 (2017 model).
Earlier this week, HMD Global Executives are in the country officially introduce the new Nokia smartphones to the Philippine market.
The new Nokia smartphones are set to return to our local stores in Q2 of 2017. No price and availability has been mentioned but stay tuned as we hear news of a grand launch coming soon.
Special thanks to Emmanual Tortoza of GadgetPilipinas.net for the photos.


piccies from the ickle man in the big world who's moved to flickr for cost purposes... even though this is still cooler. He's called partbuthnott over there.
Mmm. Mouse's dumplings, for the first time on the web. Woo!


I'm declaring a mulligan for 2008.
HBJ was OK and all, but it turned into what my special friend (tee hee) (who we'll call "Steve" before anyone starts to think that special=retarded) now refers to as TOLF: Tub O' Lard February. (I think he might have been calling me fat.) And so, inspired by Kajal's leap day post and GBNAA, I'm making some New Year's resolutions.
1. 2008 is the year of the 140s. FOR REAL, even though I hit up one of the jars as recently as today.
2. Recycle and compost. Did I mention that GBNAA has a backyard?
3. Always be taking a class. Right now it's improv, and starting next month I'm taking a photography class. Learning is fun! Especially when the homework is going to improv shows or taking pictures of Memphis.
4. Add more to the perspective series, just because I like it.
5. Get rid of half my stuff. In particular, the half I don't want, but which my friends thoughtfully loaded into and out of a moving truck on Saturday. Thanks again, guys!
Mulligan is a great word that I didn't know until today. Thanks, man.
Also I love the perspective series.
Also also how was improv last night?
Lise - improv was AWESOME last night, perhaps the best class so far! We did character stuff which helped me start scenes stronger, I think. It was good times.
Elizabeth - I'm taking the Intro to Photography class at PhotoManhattan, from April 8 - June 12. A guy at work recommended it.


There are few tour itineraries like this designed for foreign tourists to thoroughly explore the southern China classical garden arts in Suzhou area. Although Suzhou is quite near Shanghai and the classical garden arts of China is one of the two major garden arts in the world.
Beyond that, there are many tranquil picturesque ancient water towns in this area with master piece of the garden - such as Tongli Town which is around 30 km to the south of Suzhou, where you can enjoy the Tuisi Garden (Retreat and Reflection Garden) - the best water closing garden in China and also the UNESCO World Heritage site.
There are also the best mountain-foot garden in China - Jichang Garden (Pleasure Garden), and the famous ancient town - Huishan Town in Wuxi city in this itinerary. Wuxi, a city only around 40 km to the north of Suzhou, is by the side of Taihu Lake (Lake Tai) - the 2nd biggest freshwater lake in China, 4 times the size of Singapore. Wuxi takes over the most beautiful corner of the Taihu Lake and on the shore of the Lake scatter famous parks such as Turtle-head Peninsula Park. Tourists can also stroll on the ancient Nanchang Street which is said as one of the 10 most beautiful and best preserved ancient streets in China and right by the side of ancient Great Canal - the oldest and longest Canal in the world, enjoy the picturesque Huishan Hill and the scenic areas such as the 2nd Best Spring in China and ancient Huishan Town there.
Both Tongli and Wuxi are not very famous as other ancient water towns and other famous tour cities in this area. They are absent from the main tourist trails and the scenic areas there are not very crowded as other places in China. You'll see the odd foreign tourist groups there. They are the ideal places for the people wane escape from the busy metropolis.
3. Tourists can also stroll in the ancient Tongli Town - one of the famous water towns in China to enjoy the indescribable natural beauty of the town, appreciate its peaceful atmosphere there and feel the magic power of water. A walk in the ancient town is said to be a walk into history frozen in time, tranquil and serene.
4. Walking by the side of Taihu Lake (the 2nd biggest freshwater lake in China) and visit some islands in the lake in Wuxi is also an exciting experience. And in Wuxi, Tourists will also visit the fascinating Huishan Hill to enjoy the 2nd Best Spring, Jichang Garden (Leisure Garden), ancient Huishan Town there, to stroll on the ancient Nanchang Street by the side of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal in the world.
Suzhou, "The City of Classical Gardens", which is around 100 km / 2 hours drive to the west of Shanghai.
The next place to visit is Liu Yuan (The Lingering Garden). With more than 500 years history, this garden was renovated several times and now it remains its appearance in Qing Dynasty (1644-1911 AD). As one of the largest gardens in Suzhou, the Lingering Garden is divided into four distinct areas by buildings with many small courtyards throughout. The architectural elements occupy one third of the space. This garden is known for its many carefully placed doors and patterned windows, each of which serves to frame the scene to be viewed from it. The sections are connected by a long roofed corridor which shapes itself to the changing terrain. The Lingering Garden contains 373 steles inscribed with the works of more than a hundred calligraphers from six dynasties (1700 years ago) which serve to illustrate the development of Chinese calligraphy over 1000 years.
Then you will visit one gate on the ancient Suzhou City Wall, and also the only well preserved water and land city gate in China - Pan Gate and park around it, include the Wu Gate Bridge and the Auspicious Light Pagoda, the Three Scenes at Pan Gate. The construction of Pan Gate began in the first year of the reign of He Lu, King of Wu during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC). Although it has been renovated and rebuilt many times through the ages, its location has never changed an inch. The present Pan Gate was rebuilt in the 11th year of the reign of Zhizheng in the end of the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) and renovated during the following Ming and Qing dynasties. With water gates and land gates towering side by side, Pan Gate looks very imposing.
Afterwards, you will visit the Canglangting Garden (The Surging Waves Pavilion), the oldest of the existing private gardens in Suzhou. It was firstly built in the Northern Song dynasty (960-1127 AD) and renovated some times since then. The current garden was reconstructed in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911 AD), at which time it was expanded into the nearby fields and more buildings and other features were added, but it is still with the Song Dynasty style. While most of the gardens of Suzhou are surrounded by walls, this one is centered on a large lake and its streams which wind through the grounds. The focal point is the Facing the Water Pavilion which sits at the edge of the water.
The last place to enjoy today is the Cultivation Garden. With the house occupies over half of this small gardens area and a rectangular pond takes up another quarter of the space. Open sided galleries provide many different views which add a sense of spaciousness to the garden. This garden has an expansive view and a simple style. Since many of the original features of the garden have been preserved, the garden has a high historical and artistic value.
You will start your tour today with the visit to Suzhou Museum, which has a vibrant collection of historical and cultural artifacts from Chinas ancient and as well as more modern past. The collection includes 30000 cultural relics - most notably for excavated artifacts, Ming and Qing Dynasty paintings and calligraphy, and ancient arts and crafts.
Humble Administrators Garden and Chinese Classical Garden Museum by the side of Suzhou Museum are your next stop today. Built in the early 16th century and developed over several centuries, the Humble Administrators Garden is the largest and most famous of the gardens in Suzhou and its many styles are representative of the history of classical gardening in Suzhou.
Then you will visit the Lion Forest Garden, "Kingdom of Artificial Hills". The artificial hills in the garden cover an area about 1,153 sq m, much larger than those in other gardens. The garden was created by a group of Zen Buddhist disciples of the famous Abbot Tianru in 1342, during the Yuan dynasty, as the Budhi Orthodox Monastery. The garden is famous for the large and labyrinthine grotto of taihu rocks at its center. The name of the garden is derived from the shape of these rocks, which are said to resemble lions and as a reference to the symbolic lion in the Lions Roar Sutra. Hence the name. The garden, which attracted scholars and artists, was detached from the temple in the 17th century. It features a series of man-made mountains with various buildings disposed around the lake, together with an artificial waterfall on steep cliffs. The 14th-century mountains are still clearly visible. The woodland cover of the craggy mountains is pierced by winding paths and thereare many caves and grotesque rocks. There are 22 buildings in the garden, the most impressive is the stone boat.
Afterwards you will stroll in the Pingjiang Historical and Cultural Street Block which is located on both sides of Pingjiang River in the eastern of the ancient city and with an area of 30.66 hectares. It is the most typical and the best preserved historical and cultural street block in Suzhou. The street pattern has come into being since 13th century. The rivers, bridges, lanes, civilian residences, archways, temples, ancestral temples and halls exist all in harmony, forming an inseparable whole.
The Couples Garden Retreat is also in this area. The original garden was built by Lu Jin, prefect of Baoning district, in 1874. It was purchased by Shen Bingcheng, the magistrate of Susong. who rebuilt it in its current form and changed the name to the Couples Garden Retreat. This name refers to the gardens two parts and alludes to the couple of the owner of this garden. The 0.33 ha garden is divided into an east and west section by the residential core in the middle; an unusual composition for a classical garden. East Garden is the main garden of the complex. It is dominated by a dramatically realistic mountain of yellow stone which rises from a pool flanked by several attractive Ming style buildings. The West garden is composed of several structures grouped around a small grotto and a Library annex, and the style is more subdued. It is structurally joined to the central residence.
The last garden you will visit in Suzhou today is the Master of Nets Garden which is the smallest of Suzhou's 4 best classical gardens and is the best protected former private garden with the residential part. It was firstly built in the mid-12th century as the residence of Shi Zhengzhi, a retired government official of the Song Dynasty who named his hall The Fishermans Retreat. He had a library in the garden known as The Hall of 10,000 Volumes. During the reign of Qian Long in the 1700s, Song Zongyuan bought the property and remodeled the gardens and renamed it based on the name of the original hall.
As the day draws to an end, drive for around 30km/45m to the ancient Tongli Town.
In the late evening, you will leave Tongli for Wuxi City where a world of wonders awaits to be explored. It will take around 75km/1h15m on the way.
After arrive in Wuxi in the early night, stroll at Ancient Nanchang Street by the side of Grand Canal, the oldest and longest canal in the world.
The tour in Wuxi today begins with the visit to Turtle-head Peninsula Park by Taihu Lake (Lake Tai) – the 2nd biggest fresh water lake in China, 4 times the size of Singapore. This park is commonly considered as the best place to enjoy the giant Lake Tai. Tourists will also take ship to visit some islands inside the lake.
After a enjoyable eye-feasting day in Wuxi, sit back and enjoy a scenic drive back to Shanghai, 140km/2.5 hours.
Single Room Supplement: CNY 735.
1. Four days private car with parking fee.
2. Four days private English speaking guide from Shanghai.


There are several ways to automatically back up your iOS device. You can back it up to iCloud, but there are many constraints to this. You must have enough free space in your iCloud account, you don't really see what gets backed up and you cannot browse your backups. And many people don't want their data to be stored in a cloud that they do not control. If someone manages to get into your iCloud account, they can access a great deal of personal data.
You can also backup your iOS device to iTunes. You can do this when you connect your iPhone or iPad to your computer, or you can use Wi-Fi syncing. This latter method is unreliable, and only works when the phone is charging.
iMazing Mini is iMazing's menu bar app, available at the moment for Mac only (Windows version is coming soon!). It is packaged inside iMazing, so if you already have iMazing 2, simply make sure you are up to date and you should have iMazing Mini already.
It offers the best way to back up your iPhone or iPad. It is transparent, fully configurable, and 100% free. It can automatically back up your iOS device over Wi-Fi, or when you connect to your computer. You can choose where to store the backups, even on a network drive if you wish. And it maintains a history of your backups, so you can recover files or data that you may have accidentally deleted. iMazing mini optimizes disk usage so you can keep dozens of backups without using up too much space.
You'll only need to do this if you haven't configured automatic backups yet. Once you have, iMazing Mini will launch automatically when you start your computer and will be available alongside other menu bar apps.
If you have already connected one or more iOS devices to your computer: iMazing Mini will display your devices and give you the opportunity to configure backup options for each of them. Check the checkbox for devices you wish to backup automatically, and click 'Options' for additional configuration options (Step 3).
If you have never connected your iPhone or iPad to your computer: you will instead be prompted to connect your device via USB.
To use iMazing Mini, you'll need to connect your device to your computer with a USB cable. You'll only need to do this once, if you choose to use iMazing Mini's Wi-Fi backup feature.
When you connect your iPhone or iPad, a wizard will guide you through the connection process. Once paired with your computer, your device will automatically connect via Wi-Fi.
The first time you connect your iPhone or iPad to your computer, you will be prompted to set up your backup options. If you have multiple devices, each device has its own backup options.
To ensure an optimal backup experience, make sure all available options have green lights next to them.
 Tip: To protect your data, and enable backups of sensitive information such as health data and passwords, you must activate backup encryption. We recommend that you do this for all of your devices to ensure that these backups are protected.
Choose your backup frequency; it's best to set this to Daily.
Set a timeframe for your preferred backup time. You might want to choose a time overnight so your Wi-Fi network won't be affected by the backups.
Backup Location lets you choose an external or network hard drive to store your backups.
Backup Archiving lets you choose how long iMazing Mini stores backups.
Additional Options: iMazing Mini can notify you if your device's battery is low, and can launch automatically if you connect your device via USB.
Check all the available options to see how you can customize your own backups.
Check out our Getting started with iMazing Mini guide, and learn everything about what iMazing Mini has to offer.


Build your dream home on this sunny, level to gently sloping 1.7+/- acres. Less than a mile from downtown Pt. Reyes Station and an hour to the Golden Gate Bridge, this property could be your home, a perfect vacation getaway and/or an investment property. Preliminary plans for two separate single family dwellings are available at the County of Marin Planning and Building Department. Water meter in, soil percs for 5 bedroom alternative dual mound septic system, septic plans available, building and septic envelopes identified, 2 sides are fenced - one is lined with nature coastal trees. Experienced West Marin builder standing by. Could be rented as a pasture or farm while permits are procured - with installation of two lines of fencing.
Fremont has been ranked the fourth most populated city in Alameda county with a population of more than 220,000. Conveniently located on the Southeast side of the bay, Fremont provides easy access to local universities, nearby airports and most importantly Bay Area Rapid Transit for traveling to outer cities. Fremont prides itself on its diverse community members from many different backgrounds.
Known for the its plethora of parks, Fremont allows its residents to escape the city for some good old outdoor fun.
© 2019, Bay Area Real Estate Information Services, Inc. All Right Reserved.


Claudia Lewis, Co-Chair of the Dietary Supplements, Cosmetics and Functional Foods Group, will present "A Deep Dive into Food and Beverage Claim Substantiation: A Practical Guide to Meeting FDA and FTC Requirements and Ensuring Sufficient Scientific Evidence for Health, Structure/Function and Nutrient/Content Claims."
By popular request, this intense working group session will provide attendees with a deep dive exploration of how to meet FDA and FTC requirements for sufficient substantiation when structuring health, structure/function and nutrient/content claims. Take note as you are guided through a step-by-step examination of these problematic claims as you are provided with best practices and practical strategies for ensuring your team is collecting sufficient evidence to substantiate advertised health claims.


Offering pools, slides, saunas and Turkish baths, the Paradisul Acvatic water park is one of the most loved summer hangouts around Brasov. The entire water park is built indoors in a giant dome-shapes building but offers a fabulous view of the mountains that surround the city. There is a terrace where people come to get a beautiful tan and if you want to relax, a visit to the in-house Spa is just what you need. Currently the place has 3 types of saunas, 3 massage salons, a fitness room, a large hot tub, a Jacuzzi, an Olympic size pool and offers amazing breakfast and lunch options for visitors.
Come here to cool off and to relax after a long day of sightseeing or simply to spend a day out with family and friends.
Carry bathing essentials and a bathing suit.
By Train: Bartolomeu (2.5 kilometers away).
Love this? Explore the entire list of places to visit in Brasov before you plan your trip.
Fancy a good night's sleep after a tiring day? Check out where to stay in Brasov and book an accommodation of your choice.
We've come during winter, the ambient temperature was ok, but the water in the main pool could be a bit hotter. We wanted a massage but found that two of the rooms dedicated for massage were occupied and the other two,although had a FREE plate on the door were locked. We asked about this and the woman said that there are left only 2 people for massage although they have 4 rooms for massage. I would also suggest you install displays outside the massage rooms showing how much time the person inside has left of their massage so other people would know to wait there or come back later. Otherwise he had a nice experience, especially in the interior-exterior pool.
A bit worn-down and everything rather small, just 2 water slides and not really child safe (2007 standards? ) . Also, not worthy of spending more than 3 hours in there. On the positive side I'd mention the 50 m swimming pool and the free of charge saunas.


Most of the time when someone talks about gas piping or services to a home or business the thought is of how volatile gas can be and that it really is something that requires a professional to take care of the installation or repair, and this thinking is absolutely correct. Not nearly as explosive as led to believe in movies, but still possibly harmful to families, and buildings, gas piping is best left to the experts and as coincidence would have it Great American Plumbing, Inc. are experts, certified and licensed, to deal with gas piping.
Whether you smell gas in your home or business and the lines will require repair, or you want to change some of your services to be gas powered for your home or business, our services at Great American Plumbing, Inc. can help you solve your problem. Our many years of experience, along with Master Plumber Certifications will be at your service to ensure the gas installation or repair is done correctly the first time.
There is no doubt installation or repair of natural gas is not something for the average homeowner or business owner to tackle on their own. Let us be your partner in this venture to make sure codes are followed, installation and repair is done correctly, and your gas service is completed to your needs and satisfaction. Give us a call at Great American Plumbing, Inc. and we can help you repair or install your gas service so it will be done right.


Contra Costa County Library - Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 3524) to reauthorize the HOPE VI Program for revitalization of severely distressed public housing, and for other purposes : report (to accompany H. Res. 922). / United States.


text:
Leviathan Jewish Journal
At University of California Santa Cruz
Posted on December 26, 2015 by Eva Jason
Anti-Semitism Returns to Germany
By Chloé Sehati
Next year will mark fifty years of diplomatic relations between Germany and Israel. However, this past summer marked the most reported anti-Semitic incidents in Germany since World War II. Given this, we're left with one question: When will it stop?
The influx of anti-Semitic actions—violent, vocal, and united by hundreds on the streets of Germany—peaked during this past summer's Operation Protective Edge.
This Israeli military operation was largely
in response to the kidnapping of three Israeli objects turned out
teenagers. On June 19th, at a "Bring Back Our to be none other
Boys" rally—in support of the teenagers—there than Molotov conflated with anti-Zionism was an attack on pro-Israel Germans. One striking cocktails, or fire incident, in particular, involved an 83-year-old man being thrown to the ground by a "counter- demonstrator". His daughter tried to protect him; the attacker proceeded to verbally and physically assault her as well.
The JTA (Jewish Telegraphic Agency)'s write- up, "Pro-Palestinian Rally in Berlin Features anti- Semitic Chants", covered a particularly disturbing protest that took place in July on the streets of Berlin. With Israel's Operation Protective Edge underway, many German citizens angrily protested in a large crowd, chanting, "Jew, Jew, cowardly pig, come on out and fight!"
Both this pro-Palestinian rally and a "We Stand with Israel" rally took place at the same time. Notably, German hate speech laws do not protect against proclamations such as "Hitler was right" or "Death to the Jews."
Over summer, anti-Semitism in Germany went even further. On the evening of July 22nd, at approximately 2am, police received a report of burning objects in the street next to New Wuppertal Synagogue.
These burning objects turned out to be none other than Molotov Cocktails, or fire bombs, which were thrown at the synogogue causing damage to the side of the building. There were three men found on camera, one arrested at the scene; all were listed as Palestinians, one being from Gaza.
Moreover, just a day before the firebomb incident, a "masked thug" was arrested at the same synagogue after spraying anti-Semitic graffiti on the walls. Due to incidents like these, the members of the synagogue were forced to implement new safety precautions—namely employing new security around the clock.
Anti-Semitic acts in Germany rolled into September. The New York Times described an incident in which Jews who gathered to dedicate a plaque at a Holocaust memorial were disturbed by several "youths" throwing stones and bottles at them. The disturbances didn't cease until the police arrived; many Jews were left in fear.
The legacy of anti-Semitism in Germany is tragic; it would be a relief to believe that that this darkness is part of the past. But summer's hate- incidents included 184 reported anti-Semitic episodes in June and July alone.
Reports read that Jews were attacked on the streets of Berlin for wearing kippot, or yarmulkes— many tried to minimize how often they'd wear Jewish symbols in public. When civilians cannot feel safe to freely express themselves in society, the severity of the situation should not be taken lightly.
As Benjamin Weinthal notes in Foreign Policy, there have been several executive efforts to fight the growing anti-Semitism. Germany's Chancellor, Angela Merkel, set-up a rally with the Central Council of Jews, titled, "Stand-up: Jew-Hatred- Never-Again!" Germany has also provided funding for the rebuilding of synagogues and Jewish communities since the Holocaust.
Merkel has remained active in attempts to fight and spread awareness of this issue. Another valuable character has been Israel's Ambassador to Germany, Yakov Hadas. Over summer, Hadas claimed that the German government established funds that contributed to anti-Israel activity.
Illustrated by Rose Teplitz
In The Wall Street Journal's article, "Europe's Alarming New Anti-Semitism", Jonathan Sacks outlines the three distinct evolutionary changes of anti-Semitism.
First, Jews were despised solely for their religion. Then, Jews were discriminated against as a race. Presently, anti-Semitism has taken on a more subtle tone, revolving around a strong aversion toward the Jewish state of Israel. Anti-Semitism is increasingly being conflated with anti-Zionism.
Sacks insists that anti-Semitism is a problem for the entirety of Europe. While some are now masking their Jewish identities in public, others are fleeing—again. In line with this, Sacks cites a 2013 survey in which the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights concluded that almost one-third of Europe's Jews have at least considered emigrating—due to rising anti-Semitism.
An article in the New York Times concludes that Germany's situation is particularly significant: "Nowhere in Europe has the postwar imperative to fight anti-Semitism been more complete—and more intertwined with national redemption—than in Germany."
CategoriesFall 2014
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An Electronic Librarian must have experience in the management and maintenance of an electronic library of documentation. Must have experience in validating data, users, and audit trails. Must understand how to maintain knowledge of trends in acquisitions and library automation through participation in regional and national meetings and listservs. Must have experience in applying knowledge of current issues and trends in electronic resource licensing, copyright, acquisitions, scholarly communication, and the publishing industry to improve services.
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Marketing, Management
Lands' End Apologizes for Featuring Feminist Gloria Steinem in Spring Catalog
Lands' End quickly backpedaled this week from an association with feminist Gloria Steinem after hearing complaints from customers and the publication of an article by a pro-life news agency. With customers taking to the company's Facebook page to voice objections centered on Steinem's support for abortion rights, Lands' End on Tuesday removed a feature on Steinem from its website. Company CEO Federica Marchionni interviewed Steinem to kick off the Lands' End "Legend Series" on "individuals who have made a difference in both their respective industries and the world at large."
Read The Full Article Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Federica Marchionni
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