Another similarity is that both these concepts have existed in cyberspace for almost a decade now, but in the initial stages, both were rather exclusive of one another. Only in the recent times have they been merged, and their similarity in motives truly recognised.
Blogging is essentially done to channel your thoughts out onto an online journal. You also want other people to read what you have written.
The origination of the term 'blog' is interesting. It was initially called a 'weblog' meaning a log or a diary or a journal that helps you to record your thoughts on a day to day basis. In that sense, it was rather in its primitive stages and did not turn into an instrument for propaganda immediately. This term was later shortened to blog and this is when free blogging services like Blogger became extremely popular.
Blogging in the twenty-first century has come to become an important tool for advertising for people who wish to market their products online, for politicians who wish to sell their ideologies, and reach out, to the masses.
Blogs can also be for the sole purpose of making new friends and socialising. That is why social networking sites have picked up the clue and in these times social networking and blogging has, to some extent, been combined, and almost become indistinguishable.
It would be interesting to note that the word 'blog' is both a noun and a verb. This leads us to the fact that blogging in some sense also helps get rid of hassles of publishing. Though your work will not come out in print, you know that you can publish your work – your articles, pictures, videos, etc – yourself through your blog.
Therefore, it may be your own personal journal that you wish others to read or your works of art in terms of the stories or articles that you write, or the movies that you make. You can share almost any content with the world at large.
It must also be noted that just like you do not have to be a web designer to create your own blog, you need not be a professional writer, a filmmaker or a photographer to publish content on your blog. It is just a space for you to indulge in your own small artistic pursuits and share those moments with others. Blogging must therefore be exploited to its full potential.
In each post of Internet Marketing Tips for Business, you will learn valuable information that will help you promote your business using proven effective Internet marketing methods. In this first issue, we are going to talk about why every business needs a website.
Even though local businesses are offline, their customers are online. By only being visible when customers walk down the street or drive by, these businesses are invisible the rest of the time. However, people spend a huge amount of time online, whether it is on their computer, smartphone, laptop or tablet. They search for information online, not by driving down the street.
Are You Ready to Harness the Power of LinkedIn for Your Business?
LinkedIn is a powerful social network with millions of business professionals looking to connect with you! The 30 Day Sales Machine shows you how to tap into that power fast!
The 30 Day Sales Machine shows you how to tap into that power fast!
Your website is completely under your control, so businesses can use it to create and promote their brand image. Everything from the design of the site to the content and interaction that occurs there builds the image that you want the world to see. You can use it as a kind of dynamic billboard which the whole world can see and interact with.
Discover The Power of Social Media Marketing on LinkedIn!
Are your social media marketing campaigns leaving you cold? 30 Day Sales Machine shows you how to get traffic, find leads & make sales for your business – Guaranteed!
30 Day Sales Machine shows you how to get traffic, find leads & make sales for your business – Guaranteed!
While it's certainly possible to survive purely as a local business, the potential to grow and prosper is far greater when you have a website also. It's just a matter of being visible to customers and prospects in the place they spend much of their time while opening up your business to a whole new market.
Make sure you look for your next issue soon. We will be talking about increase your online visibility to attract more customers for your business through guest posting.
Want info direct to your Inbox? Enter your email address in the box below and click the button.
If you want to build your list, here are few things to consider when you start.
The demand for online marketing tips and strategies have drastically grown and a new form of business has been born, internet marketing strategies. While there are companies that are all too eager to help your site and business build a clientele for a fee, there also many ways that can spread the word about your sites subsistence in a more cost free way. One of this is opt-in email marketing, also known as permission marketing. This is 'the list' that marketers talk about. Here's how to build your list.
Opt-in marketing requires the permission of a willing customer to subscribe to your marketing materials, materials that take form in newsletters, catalogues and promotional mailings via e-mail. The more opt-in marketing mail is sent, the more chances there is to bag sales and more sales. To do this, you must build your list consisting of all those who wants to subscribe to your opt-in marketing list.
To build your list, you will need to get targeted customers. This is a good list since they already have shown interest in what you have to show and sell since they have willingly signed in for your list.
These are the people who have liked what they have seen on your site and have decided they want to see more of what you can offer and maybe even purchase whatever product or service your company and site has to offer.
Many people would think that to build your list would take hard work and a lot of time to build and collect names and addresses. This is not so. It takes a bit of patience and some strategies, but when you build your list, you open your site and your business to a whole new world of target markets. Take the effort to take your business to a new level, if traffic increase and good profits are what you want, an email opt-in list will do wonders for your business ventures.
There are many sources and articles on the internet, available for everyone to read and follow to build your list. Sometimes they may be confusing because there seem to be so many and their different ways. Different groups of people would have different approaches in building an opt-in list, but no matter how diverse many methods are, there are always some crucial things to do to build your list. Here are four of them.
1. Put up a good web form in your site that immediately follows the end of your content. While some may say this is too soon to subscribe for a website visitors application, try to remember that your homepage should provide a quick good impression. If somehow a website visitor finds something that he or she doesn't like and turns them off, they may just forget about signing up.
2. As mentioned in the first tip, make your homepage very, very impressive. You need to have well-written articles and descriptions of your site. Depending on what your site is all about, you need to capture your website visitor's fancy. Make your site useful and very easy to use. Do not expect everyone to be tech savvy. Invest in having good programming in your site, make your graphics beautiful but don't over do it.
Don't waste your time making the homepage too overly large megabyte wise. Not all people have high bandwidth broadband connections, the faster your site gets loaded, the better. Go for a look that borders between simplicity and sophisticated knowledge.
3. Provide good service and products. A return customer is more likely to bring in more business. Even then and now, a satisfied customer will recommend a business always. Word of mouth and recommendations alone can rake in more business than an expensive ad. As your clientele roster grows so shall your list. With more members on the list, the more people will get to know about what you have new to offer.
4. Keep a clean and private list. Never lose the trust your customers have entrusted you. If you provide e-mails to others and they get spammed, many will probably unsubscribe to you. Remember, a good reputation will drive in more traffic and subscribers as well as strengthen the loyalty of your customers.
Here's the sign up form for my list. Please feel free to join in and get more information from me on a regular basis.


text:
NDP renews calls for independent review of pipeline safety after US regulator calls Enbridge "Keystone Cops"
Edmonton… NDP Environment critic Rachel Notley said Alberta's Conservatives are selling out Albertans if they don't take a lesson from the National Transportation Safety Board's report today. Notley renewed her called for an independent public review of regulatory oversight of Alberta's massive pipeline system.
Notley referenced the observation made by the NTSB Chairperson Deborah Hersman, where Hersman said "delegating too much authority to the regulated to assess their own system risks and correct them is tantamount to the fox guarding the henhouse."
"Conservative environmental protection has always been weak," Notley said. "It's always been more about press releases and polished PR campaigns than about actually getting boots on the ground, and regulations on the books. But when we see repeated failures on the part of pipeline companies, both the environment and industry sustainability are put at risk."
Alberta's pipeline system rests almost entirely on industry self-regulation. Notley noted that the ERCB employs a mere 90 inspectors to oversee 400,000 kilometers of pipeline and over 200,000 active wells.
"As things stand now, we are closing our eyes, crossing our fingers, and hoping for the best," Notley said. "Albertans deserve better."
Alberta's NDP Opposition – On Your Side.
#501 Legislature Annex, 9718-107 St, Edmonton, AB. T5K 1E4
www.NDPopposition.ab.ca

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Always runs in 16:9. 21:9 and wider are stretched 16:9.
60 FPS cap. Game also has weird motion blurring issues with refresh rates above 60 Hz.
The game features multiple different keymaps.
A few further settings are available in the file game.cfg.
Yes, No Sets whether to run the game in fullscreen or windowed mode.
<width> x <height> x <depth> @ <refresh rate> Desired resolution in fullscreen, depth and refresh rate are optional.
<width> x <height> Desired resolution when windowed.
Yes, No Enables vertical sync.
Yes, No Enables gamepad vibration.
Generic Software, plus others based on your sound card. Requests a specific sound device to be used, can be used to work around driver problems.
Yes, No Offloads some function to the CPU to run on older graphics cards. Not officially supported.
↑ 1.0 1.1 File/folder structure within this directory reflects the path(s) listed for Windows and/or Steam game data (use Wine regedit to access Windows registry paths). Games with Steam Cloud support may store data in ~/.steam/steam/userdata/<user-id>/63710/ in addition to or instead of this directory. The app ID (63710) may differ in some cases. Treat backslashes as forward slashes. See the glossary page for details.


I add Animation in EllipsePointMarker, there is high cpu usage.
when i debug it,i found the code call "OnInvalidateParentSurface".
It's not something we have tried (animating size or opacity of the EllipsePointMarker), however, I will say that if you animate a property on EllipsePointMarker it will trigger the SciChartSurface to redraw everything, 60x per second.
This might be OK for performance but it might raise CPU usage a bit.
I would only be concerned if you experienced performance problems on the chart or on your computer. High CPU is not a problem but low performance is. So let us know if you have an actual performance problem and what you are trying to achieve we may be able to help further.
i change RenderSurface to HighSpeedRenderSurface. the line has shown in the customer's pc. but the line was blur because the AntiAliasing is not working.


23.08.2015 Urban Decay #630752 presented at this page with awesome top resolution of 1024x774px. Taylor Savage - is the user who uploaded it through the features of the 6iee.com website. This wallpaper weights about 368.75 KB.


2. Made of Nano chemical materials, [Ultra-clear] with 99.9% transparency to allow an optimal, natural viewing experience.
3. Explosion-proof, shock-proof, [Ultra-thin] 0.26mm thickness is reliable and resiliant, and promises full compatibility with touchscreen sensitivity.
4. Highly durable, and scratch resistant - surface hardness 9H,Special anti-oil processing makes fingerprints.


What to Expect From Shard(DatabaseArchitecture)?
Since you may see, there are 3 key shards and three replica shards. It usually means that all main shards are available and they each have a minumum of one replica. All distinct shards inside an index should have the search request routed to it. A database shard can be set on separate hardware, and several shards can be put on multiple machines. Sharding, or horizontal partitioning of information, is an established solution for web-scale databases, such as the ones in use by social media sites. There you may have to figure out the right shard depending on the criteria which you used to shard your database.
There are quite a lot of benefits of the horizontal partitioning strategy. Of course it can't, since there is not any difference. There's one key difference. Two problems arise because of the higher index size. The most apparent problem is attempting to obtain the appropriate data.
Let's use the term partition for the time being. Horizontal partitioning is a significant tool for developers working with extremely huge datasets. Within this section, you are going to learn about hibernate shard database architecture. Interaction with MemSQL is comparable to a standard single machine RDBMS, though the underlying architecture is distributed. When querying, you have to understand the association between the databases before it is possible to comprehend the content. A group of Google engineers started Hibernate shards and open sourced this project to find the assistance from the open source community in order to complete it whenever possible. On the costs side, at this point you will need to shard not one, but a number of groups of information.
Because it has the logic to make the shards, in addition, it knows the way to bring the data back together for reporting purposes. As stated, should you need to do an operation that spans shards, it is going to want to be carried out on each one with the results aggregated. Because it is restricted to a single machine you are in need of an effective database server and a storage array network in order for it to work. This strategy is most appropriate for systems with higher traffic but data that has only smaller alterations or where changes are rare. The application was designed to steer clear of expensive, cross-shard queries. It can likewise be used effectively for Data Warehousing applications, and as there are several available products and technologies to achieve this, we won't concentrate on this element here. Finally, because our main Airbnb Rails app held exclusive write access to such tables, we could swap all appropriate service visitors to the new message database replica to lessen the intricacy of the principal operation.
The technique enables the suitable balancingof database size with system resources, leading to dramatic performance improvements and scalability for any given application. Some techniques work better for particular varieties of databases or for particular vendors. The multi-master technique could possibly be utilised to permit any client to compose data to any database server. It's pointless to discuss the strategy employed for distributing. You may want to hunt for that term to receive it clearer.
Get email and web notifications by deciding upon the topics you're interested in. This information was painful, maybe impossible to determine, and it's now queryable in actual time. Every one of these resources affects database performance and must be tailored to your specific application. Database Sharding takes more work, but has the benefit to being a shared-nothing strategy, thus it is totally scalable. Database Sharding This is another step that could be looked at in certain conditions. As our database has grown, we've tried to iteratively handle the scaling issues that have rapid growth. If you've got many heavy queries, this also can drive the demand for this kind of solution.
In 1 way, sharding is the ideal approach to scale. Database Sharding is a great fit for several kinds of business applications, people that have general purpose database requirements. MySQL sharding includes challenges. In the event the sharding is based on some real-world facet of the data (e.g. European clients vs. American customers) then it can be possible to infer the correct shard membership easily and automatically, and query solely the appropriate shard. There are a number of ways to accomplish application sharding.
In case the number of data you should process is so large, or the variety of transactions is sinking your Database, you may look into database sharding. Sharding is the procedure of breaking down data onto multiple locations in order to increase parallelism, and distribute load. When you have copied the data, it's no longer editable.


text:
Swedish school criticised for controversial sex test
Bizarre, Sweden
3:23 pm December 17, 2014
A school in Sweden has come under fire for a sex education test it gave students in which they had to say what name was given to a girl who slept around.
The test at Ostlyckeskolan School in the western town of Alingsas, themed love, sex and relationships, was completed by students aged 13 and 14 at the end of November. Enraged parents and bemused students have since complained, with the question about what name is given to a girl who sleeps around drawing the most attention.
The answer the school was looking for was madrass (mattress in English) did not go down well with many parents, who have since complained to the school, while pictures of the test went viral. Other words in the test included pimp and brothel.
Headteacher Kerstin Sondefors described the situation as "very unfortunate", explaining that the test, which contained over 100 questions, was intended to inform pupils about relationships and love, and to give them further knowledge on words they were likely to encounter as they grew older.
She explained that it was important to give them information on everyday things they will face in society, and that teachers do this in a good way. She also revealed she had met with parents to tell them the school planned to continue working along the same lines in future.
alingsas
Ostlyckeskolan School
sex education Sweden
sex in Sweden
Newer PostGame of Thrones' Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson named new face of Vatnajokull
Older PostFewer fathers taking paternity leave in Iceland


text:
Winter Olympics 2014: how to be an Olympian on the slopes
sochi-hub
Henry Druce
24 January 2014 • 12:00am
Over the course of the Winter Olympics our television screens are going to feature adrenalin-fuelled wintersports, such as the giant slalom, ski slopestyle and skeleton. Here's a summary of the most exciting – and where you can try them yourself.
Fear factor: 4/5
"It feels as if your stomach is being sucked into your ankles and your head into your chest."
Peter Hardy, ski correspondent
Short of tucking yourself into a commercial washing machine and pressing the spin button, no sensation on Earth matches a run in a four-man bobsleigh.
Squeezed into a steel pod only 3.8 metres in length and weighing 600 kilograms, the driver has to negotiate up to 20 wickedly banked bends down a 1.5-kilometre course of glazed ice. You hit the biggest bends at more than 80mph and 5G – that's five times the force of gravity. The brakeman's job only begins at the end of the course when he releases hydraulic steel spikes into the ice to stop the bob – braking during the run ruins the track and is absolutely forbidden.
After the sprint start the two guys in the middle are just ballast. A two-man bob is a slimline version of the same. It all began in St Moritz in 1928 on what is now the last remaining natural ice track and also one of the world's fastest.
If you must Olympiaworld Innsbruck (bobbahn@olympiaworld.at; 0043 512 377160), from €95 (£78). St Moritz Olympia Bob Run (0041 81 830 0200; olympia-bobrun.ch) from £167, and La Plagne (la-plagne.com; 0033 479 090201) from €116 (£95).
"As I began to pick up speed, any semblance of technique went out the window and self-preservation took over."
Charles Starmer-Smith, Head of Telegraph Travel
Ever since Eddie the Eagle leapt into the history books – if not the record books – at the 1988 Calgary Olympics, we Britons have had a soft spot for ski jumping, although we've never been much good at it ourselves in modern times.
Beginners don't zip off the 90m tower at 60mph and hope for the best. You start with jumps of 10m and reach 20m after a day's tuition.
Whatever the size of the hill, it takes an extraordinary amount of courage to race down the icy runway on extra-long 2.4m skis and take that leap of faith. Once you start, there's no going back and for many the most difficult thing is standing at the top and letting go.
Women will compete on the hill for the first time at Sochi.
If you must Impulse Company (impulsecompany.de; 0049 83 218 7033) at Oberstdorf in Germany runs regular ski-jump workshops. From £124 for one-and-a-half days.
Boardercross and ski cross
"Mayhem, madness and more adrenalin junkies than you can shake a stick at. Look out for the men's and women's events on February 20 and 21."
These two disciplines attracted the largest viewing figures at the Vancouver Games and there's no doubt that they are the two most exciting Olympic ski events. It's a bit like BMX on ice.
After an elimination time trial, the top 32 skiers or riders set off four at a time down a course of banked turns and rollers at speeds of up to 75mph. Pushing and shoving are not officially allowed but, as in polo, competitors can hold their line and clashes are frequent.
If you must Warren Smith Ski Academy offers performance and skier cross race coaching over five-day courses (£389) and private coaching days (£329/day). Verbier in Winter and Cervinia/Zermatt in summer and autumn (warrensmith-skiacademy.com; email theteam@warrensmith-skiacademy.com for a callback). JJC Training (jjctraining@hotmail.com; 07879 202221), set up by the British racer Craig Robinson and aimed at future competitors, admits people of every level. Courses in Saas Fee and the Portes du Soleil from £265 per week. Val Thorens has established itself as the European ski cross capital with regular World Cup, Europa Cup and exhibition events on its purpose-built course; Ecole du Ski Francais (0033 (0) 479 00 02 86; ski-school-valthorens.co.uk) offers race coaching including ski cross lessons from £255 a day for 1/2 people.
Fear factor: off the scale
"I could barely speak and my body felt as though it had just gone 10 rounds with Mike Tyson, but I had never felt so alive. What a ride!"
Charles Starmer-Smith
Face down on an overweight tea tray and with your nose just 3in from the ice, you hurtle down a bobsleigh track at speeds of up to 90mph. Of all the Olympic adrenalin-fuelled sports, this has to be the scariest.
The skeleton derived from the men-only Cresta Run in St Moritz, which dates to 1884. The main difference is that a bobsleigh track that is used for skeleton has more bends – and you have no brakes.
Amy Williams from Somerset won Britain's first individual gold medal for 30 years in 2010 at the Vancouver Games.
If you must Lillehammer Olympiapark (olympiaparken.no/en; 0047 61 054200), £100 for two rides. British Skeleton (britishskeleton.co.uk) has details of other courses.
Downhill and giant slalom
Fear factor: DH, off the scale; GS, 3/5
"Every racer who gets to the bottom of the Hahnenkamm is a winner."
Franz Klammer, veteran Austrian Olympic gold medallist
In giant slalom you have to negotiate a series of widely spaced gates on a rock-hard piste at high speed. Downhill takes the game to a whole new level. It has only a few control gates and is over a much longer and steeper course. The surface is injected with water to make it icier and you won't manage to hold an edge at all without race-prepared skis.
Both disciplines require varying combinations of technique and bottle. They are as far removed from that end-of-week ski school race as Scalextric is from Formula One. You don't learn either overnight – and downhill training is extremely difficult to acquire because it involves a whole section of the mountain being fenced off and closed to the public.
If you must Warren Smith Ski Academy offers performance and slalom and Giant slalom race coaching over five-day courses (£389) and private coaching days (£329/day). Verbier in Winter and Cervinia and Zermatt in summer and autumn (warrensmith-skiacademy.com; email theteam@warrensmith-skiacademy.com for a callback). Snoworks (snoworks.com; 0844 543 0503) runs racing courses in France, Austria and Switzerland under the direction of Emma Carrick-Anderson, who competed in four Olympics and six World Championships. From £325 for five half days. JJC Training (jjctraining@hotmail.com; 07879 202221) offers courses in Saas Fee and the Portes du Soleil from £265 per week.
Sochi hotel prices double for Winter Olympics
Sochi 2014: Team GB skiers and snowboarders
The best resorts for weekend skiing
Ski helmets: isn't it time we all wore one on the slopes?
Skiing off-piste: why it's too dangerous this season
Twenty destinations for 2014: Red Mountain, Canada
Check the snow where you're heading this season with our snow reports
Sign up to the Telegaph Ski and Snowboard newsletter
Hot springs and perfect powder: Why Japan offers the ultimate adventure for skiers
Tougher travel restrictions force skiers to 'abandon hope' on ski holidays this winter
20 dream trips for frustrated skiers to book now
Are ski holidays off the cards until next winter? Everything you need to know post-lockdown skiing
Where can I go skiing this winter? The latest rules and restrictions in ski resorts
Exclusive offer: Up to 55% off Intersport equipment hire
22 Sep 2019, 12:00pm
Book wintersports travel insurance with a trusted provider
Ski and snowboard latest
Is it safe to go skiing? Everything you need to know about booking a ski holiday
'We do not blame the British' – Swiss locals react as Covid outbreak cancels annual ski race
'We will end this madness': Poland's tourism businesses and ski resorts defy lockdown
Meet the British man who had a Verbier ski school all to himself
Iran provided a ski holiday like no other, featuring a high-speed police chase and a confiscated camera
Gallery: The 10 greatest ski racers in World Cup history
The 'new normal' for French ski resorts in 2021
Comment: 'Give me spring skiing over mid-winter any day': Why skiers shouldn't lose faith in 2021 holidays
Abigail Butcher
Fresh lockdown a 'devastating blow' for Scottish ski resorts after bumper snowfall
Virtual tuition and face masks herald new era for ski lessons
'More cosy cabin than champagne and couture:' Skiing in Covid-bound Canada
30 Dec 2020, 3:00pm
The best resorts for a late-season ski holiday
Comment: Verbier's reputation is unfairly in tatters over these so-called British 'escapees'
The 10 best ski resorts in Eastern Europe
The 11 best ski resorts in the world for powder snow
Can Britons currently take to the slopes at European ski resorts?


Roasted tri-colour peppers with pasta, spinach and sun-dried tomatoes our Farm Boy Balsamic vinaigrette.
Peppers (red, yellow, orange), pasta (durum semolina, water, salt), Farm Boy Balsamic Vinaigrette (balsamic vinegar, olive oil, honey, garlic, dried red pepper), sun-dried tomatoes (tomatoes, salt, glucose, citric acid, sulphites, potassium sorbate), canola oil, spinach, honey, salt, basil, pepper. Contains wheat, sulphites.


text:
Twilight of Avalon:
A Novel of Trystan & Isolde
by Anna Elliott
Twilight of Avalon is about life in Celtic Britain after King Arthur. The story is grounded in the earliest complete version of the Arthur tale, in which Modred, Arthur's son from an incestuous union, usurped the kingship and took Arthur's queen as his own while Arthur was away fighting on the Continent.
It has been seven years since the Battle of Camlann and the deaths of Arthur and Modred. Since Camlann, Britain has been in chaos, headed by a young king who lacks the strength to keep its arrogant tribal leaders unified. Now that king, too, lies dead.
In Twilight of Avalon, Elliott dispenses with almost every element of the medieval tale of Tristan and Isolde to craft a new story set in a brutally realistic post-Arthurian setting. Violence is pervasive and distinctly unglamorous. Isolde is no Irish princess, but Modred's and Queen Gwynefar's daughter, wedded as a child to Arthur's successor, King Constantine. Burdened with the guilt her father is no longer alive to carry, Isolde has erased her memories of life before the trauma of Camlann. Her former power as a seer has vanished with her memories, except for sporadic glimmers she can no longer control. She still practices the art of healing, though, and uses her reputation as a witch to defend herself against those who would use and abuse her for their own ends. It is a risky strategy.
In this violence-drenched world, men gain power through betrayal and the sword. Trust is rare, especially for Isolde, both queen and pawn. Elliott sometimes belabors this point at more length than necessary, with captures, escapes and recaptures that can seem repetitive. But Isolde is a deeply engaging character, whose struggle toward healing continues to hold meaning in a world that still contains too much violence. (2009, 430 pages, including a Historical Note discussing the story's sources)
More about Twilight of Avalon at Powell's Books
Interview with Anna Elliott
Other novels about Tristan and Isolde:
The Prince of Dreams: A Tale of Tristan and Essyllte by Nancy McKenzie (2003), a retelling of the Tristan and Isolde legend, with a romantic emphasis on their tragic love story. More info
The White Raven by Diana L. Paxson (1988), a retelling of the Tristan and Isolde legend which makes Isolde's companion Branwen the central character. More info
Isolde, Queen of the Western Isle by Rosalind Miles (2002), a retelling of the Tristan and Isolde legend which blends early and high medieval elements in the setting; #1 in the Tristan and Isolde trilogy. More info
The Maid of the White Hands by Rosalind Miles (2003); #2 in Miles's Tristan and Isolde trilogy. More info
The Lady of the Sea by Rosalind Miles (2005); #3 in Miles's Tristan and Isolde trilogy. More info
Sources for the history of the Tristan and Isolde legend:
The History of the Kings of Britain by Geoffrey of Monmouth (circa 1130), the earliest source for a complete tale of King Arthur. More info
The Tristan Legend: A Study in Sources by Sigmund Eisner (1969), a scholarly examination of the roots of the legend. More info
An Age of Tyrants: Britain and the Britons, A.D. 400-600 by Christopher A. Snyder (1998). More info
At the Movies:
Tristan and Isolde, a 2006 film directed by Kevin Reynolds, starring James Franco and Sophia Myles; a retelling of the classic tale, focusing on the conflict between love and loyalty, with an especially interesting portrayal of King Mark by Rufus Sewell. More info
David Nash Ford's Early British Kingdoms website
Back to Historical Novels: Ancient


Chef Lawrence Page has come a long way since his days as a young boy in Brooklyn, learning his way around the kitchen from the best cook he knew - his mother.
This summer, he brought his unusual brand of soul food to Miami Beach with the opening of his second and highly anticipated restaurant, the Pink Teacup Villa.
"I've been frequenting Miami for a long time," says the 42-year-old. "A lot of the places where I ate, I was looking for something different. I came to Miami to jump start the food scene."
His entrée into the culinary industry came at age 19, when he bought a bakery. He went on to purchase five more eateries until he discovered the Pink Teacup, a historic Brooklyn restaurant, in 2009. Chef Page breathed new life into it by relocating it nearby and modernizing the soul food menu.
To make classic soul food dishes healthful, he swaps lard for vegetable oil, keeps salt to a minimum and uses cornmeal instead of flour to make recipes gluten free.
"I cook cleaner, and it tastes great," he says. "People don't even know they are eating healthy."
Following Chef Page to Miami is his WE Tv reality show, "Hustle & Soul," which premiered March 2017.
"I didn't just want to be a chef who worked 18 hours a day, so I wrote a story about how tough it is to manage a restaurant and be a team," he says.
Also featured is Ana Lavender, his fiancée, the mother of his two children, and the general manager and co-owner of the Pink Teacup Villa. Filming for the third season starts shortly.


text:
Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy V
Revision as of 01:53, June 10, 2019 by JoyMercer675 (wall | contribs)
"Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy V"
C.H. Greenblatt
Ernest Borgnine (Mermaid Man)
Tim Conway (Barnacle Boy)
John Rhys-Davies (Man Ray)
Martin Olson (The Chief)
"Chocolate With Nuts" "New Student Starfish"
"Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy V" is the second segment of the 52nd episode of SpongeBob SquarePants.
Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy are holding up the line at the Krusty Krab, trying to decide what to order. Finally, Mermaid Man orders a Krabby Patty and a Pipsqueak Patty for Barnacle Boy. Barnacle Boy demands an adult-sized burger, claiming that since he is very old, he should no longer be treated as a child. When Mermaid Man, Squidward, and the Krusty Krab patrons begin to tease him, Barnacle Boy breaks his friendship with Mermaid Man and joins Man Ray and the Dirty Bubble to form a villainous group known as "E.V.I.L." (Every Villain Is Lemons), a group that does immature criminal acts. Mermaid Man cannot defeat this new threat on his own, so he recruits SpongeBob, Patrick, Sandy, and Squidward (who wasn't willing to join) to reform the "International Justice League of Super Acquaintances". SpongeBob becomes the "Quickster", and is able to run at amazing speed. Squidward becomes "Captain Magma", and gains the power to produce fire and lava. Patrick becomes the "Elastic Waistband", and gains the power to stretch his body to incredible lengths. Sandy becomes "Miss Appear", and can become completely invisible. The Chief (a live-action character who appears on a monitor) informs them that E.V.I.L. is at a teenage gathering spot called Makeout Reef, where they are harassing the teenagers by shining a flashlight on their parked cars while they are making out (including a boy who is kissing his own pillow). Mermaid Man and his team go to Makeout Reef and confront the villains, and, despite numerous advantages, the incompetent Super Acquaintances defeat themselves. Squidward accidentally shoots hot lava on SpongeBob's head, and the later starts running around in circles at super-speed as he burns in pain. Patrick tries to stop him from running, but he gets caught onto SpongeBob, and is launched into a rock. Mermaid Man tries to put out SpongeBob, but mistakes Squidward for SpongeBob and washes him up with a water ball, disintegrating him. Sandy disappears in order to catch E.V.I.L. by surprise, but is hit by a boat from behind and knocked off the cliff. By this time, SpongeBob has completely disintegrated, and all that is left of him are his shoes. Mermaid Man simply falls over backwards. Having "defeated" the heroes, Barnacle Boy demands 3 things of Mermaid Man: that he be treated as a superhero, not a sidekick; that he be called "Barnacle Man"; and that he be allowed to eat an adult-sized Krabby Patty. He then immediately rejoins the side of good, though when the heroes return to the Krusty Krab, Barnacle Boy admits an adult-sized Krabby Patty actually is too big for him. Everyone begins laughing as the episode ends, including SpongeBob and his friends, who are severely injured and supported by medical equipment, the guy at Makeout Reef who was kissing the pillow, Man Ray and the Dirty Bubble, who are in prison, and the Chief, while making out with himself, turns around and laughs hysterically.
In the original airing, the plane explodes, but due to 9/11/2001 attacks, they cut out in reruns after this airing.
SpongeBob SquarePants: Fear of the Krabby Patty
SpongeBob SquarePants: The Complete 3rd Season
The "International Justice League of Super Acquaintances" is a parody of the Justice League, The Avengers, The Fantasic Four, The X-Men, and the Super Friends.
The symbol used for E.V.I.L. also looks similar to the symbol for HYDRA, an evil organization in the Marvel universe.
This is the last episode to use the classic "Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy" styled title cards. For their next appearance, a new title card is used.
According to the original storyboards on DVD, this was supposed to be a half-hour special.
After the narrator introduces the International Justice League of Super Acquaintances, he quickly adds, "A subsidiary of Viacom". Viacom owns MTV Networks, which in turn owns Nickelodeon, which produces and airs SpongeBob. The narrator breaks the fourth wall saying "A subsidiary of Viacom". This is also the first time in SpongeBob history someone mentioned Viacom.
Man Ray is seen wearing the tickle belt as though it were part of his regular costume.
When Squidward is Captain Magma, his catchphrase is "Krakatoa!", which is a reference to an actual volcano called Krakatoa. Krakatoa is mountain in Indonesia.
This episode is mistakenly titled on many program guides and cable and satelite providers as "Superfriends".
Strangely, The Ponderor from The Bad Guy Club for Villains is not in this episode, and in return, the Quickster is not in The Bad Guy Club for Villains.
In "The Bad Guy Club for Villains",
The Super Acquaintances had different uniforms, and appearances then they did in this episode.
This episode mentioned that Barnacle Boy's real name is Kyle. However in "Mermaid Man Begins", his real name was said to be Tim (as a refrence to the actor potraying him). Maybe it's because Mermaid Man forgot his real name, or that Kyle is his nickname.
This is the fourth and final time Mermaid Man's belt is yellow.
Before Barnacle boy decided to come back to the good side, he said he wants to be called "Barnacle Man" instead of "Barnacle Boy", but in the next episodes where the heroes showed up, it was fine for him to be called "Barnacle Boy".
The Krusty Krab is never half-dark except for in this episode.
This is the first time Sandy gets severely injured.
This is often considered the best of the Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy episodes because of a twist in Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy's relationship, many good jokes like the fish making out with a pillow, and the superhero portrayals.
It's strange that Mermaid Man would treat Barnacle Boy like a baby, since they first met when Barnacle Boy was between his teens and young adulthood.
In The Bad Guy Club for Villains, one of the IJLSA is called Professor Magma. Squidward's title is Captain Magma.
During a marathon run in tribute to Ernest Borgnine, this episode paired with "Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy III".
The harassed victims at Make Out Reef John and Nancy, could possibly be a reference to Nancy Gribble and John Redcorn from King of the Hill, as Nancy had an affair with John behind her husband's back.
When Mermaid Man throws a waterball at Squidward/Captain Magma, he crumbles into ash. When he is seen at the end of the end of the episode, he's only wearing a cone around his neck and is relatively unharmed.
When Patrick is seen at the end, his neck is stretched and looped to an impossible length. When he was helping as The Elastic Waistband, nothing happened to his neck to give him that injury.
When the News Reporter says "Every Villain Is Lemons", Villain is misspelled Villian.
The background around the lunchbox shows the sky of Bikini Bottom. Even though its inside a Cave.
When Barnacle Boy says he's crossing over to the dark side, the entire line at the Krusty Krab disappears.
When Mr. Krabs is talking to Squidward and says "No world means no money", his right arm is gone.
Mr. Krabs says "Why should I waste money lighting the whole restaurant?" In the next scene, the dark is gone.
When SpongeBob is introduced as portraying the Quickster, he has five fingers but he usually has four.
After Mermaid Man yells, "To Make-Out Reef", he falls over in his chair. In the next shot, when Patrick/The Elastic Waistband says, "Does this mean we're not getting pizza?," his chair is upright again.
On the Krusty Krab menu in this episode there is "Kelp Shake" on the menu. Yet in "Best Frenemies", Mr. Krabs is against the selling of it.
When Dirty Bubble and Man Ray's boat was driving out from the dark side, the license plate was yellow and had black writing. However, when it was shown up close, it was black and had red writing.
Encyclopedia SpongeBobia: Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy V
Retrieved from "https://nickelodeon.fandom.com/wiki/Mermaid_Man_and_Barnacle_Boy_V?oldid=239490"


Recently, Arizona's state school board narrowly defeated the effort of creationist Christians to alter science standards and open the door for a literal interpretation of the Bible being taught alongside evolution. Some of the advisers advocating for creationism were referred to as "Young Earthers" in the news. What exactly does that mean? Revd David Felton answers.
Dear Readers, Believe it or not, "Young Earthers" are folks who are convinced that the earth (and all of creation) is only 6,022 years old (as of 2018). How did they arrive at this remarkably specific date?
It seems that back in the 17th century, a Renaissance Bishop (James Ussher, 1581-1656) figured that he could use the Bible to calculate the date of creation. Taking note of genealogies, events, and the number of candles on Methuselah's birthday cake (all of which he took as literally as possible), he counted backwards to arrive at the exact day of creation: October 23rd 4004 BCE. He wasn't clear on the exact time (or the time zone), but suggested that it was in the morning.
Today, a big chunk of American Christians attend churches that claim the Bible is inerrant (without error) and infallible (a safe and reliable source in all matters). I want to believe that most of them don't actually believe this – considering that they live in the 21st century – but enough of them do believe it to make it a problem for the rest of us.
And you've got to feel a little sorry for them. Literalists are taught to expect that the Bible does not waiver from objective truth in the matter of history and science – and despite advances in biology, cosmology, archaeology, geology – and evidence in the Bible itself – they continue to double-down on inerrancy. As an outside observer of this phenomenon, it appears that they believe that "real" Christians are somehow spiritually superior for their ability to, despite evidence to the contrary, deny reality. Obviously, this has clear parallels in our current political reality.
Here's the problem: despite the very real and urgent societal issues challenging humanity, many literalists continue to fixate not on solving the world's problems, but on "proving" the Bible is literally true. They are enabled by theological carnival barkers like Ken Ham, who wastes people's time and resources on building a full-size ark in Kentucky (complete with dinosaurs to account for and then misrepresent the fossil record) – all to shore up their doubts and insecurities.
From Darwin to the Scopes Monkey Trial to today's efforts to influence school curriculum, literalists have seen themselves as pious warriors engaged in a pitched winner-take-all, us-vs-them battle with science. Many perceive science as an enemy to be defeated at all costs (unless they get sick and want 21st century medical science at their disposal).
To overthrow the enemy, they try to impose their narrow-minded worldview on their neighbors – through challenges to science-based curriculum, sowing doubt about the reality of climate change, and generally promoting an anti-science agenda. If their cockamamie ideas only affected them, then no problem. But trying to sneak fundamentalist ideas into my children's science curriculum? Them's fightin' words! To top it off, their efforts stand to do lasting damage to the United States' intellectual reputation, our standing in a global economy, and a decreased likelihood that the world will take us seriously as participants in a future grounded in science.
Rev. David M. Felten is a full-time pastor at The Fountains, a United Methodist Church in Fountain Hills, Arizona. David and fellow United Methodist Pastor, Jeff Procter-Murphy, are the creators of the DVD-based discussion series for Progressive Christians, "Living the Questions". A co-founder of the Arizona Foundation for Contemporary Theology and also a founding member of No Longer Silent: Clergy for Justice, David is an outspoken voice for LGBTQ rights both in the church and in the community at large. David is active in the Desert Southwest Conference of the United Methodist Church and tries to stay connected to his roots as a musician. You'll find him playing saxophones in a variety of settings, including appearances with the Fountain Hills Saxophone Quartet. David and his wife Laura have three children.


text:
Tag Archives: ACLU
bureau EnviroNews Wyoming
by Shad Engkilterra
(EnviroNews Wyoming) — Cheyenne, Wyoming — EDITOR'S UPDATE: In a surprising move, It was announced that Governor Matt Mead has vetoed this controversial bill, and lawmakers were unable to gather the necessary votes to overturn the veto. The original story on SF0074 is below: As the Wyoming legislative…
bureau EnviroNews DC News Bureau
by Julia Travers
(EnviroNews DC News Bureau) — Since the election of Donald Trump, public protests such as the Women's March, Climate March and the March for Science, have flourished. In response, more than 30 bills spanning 20 states have been introduced in an effort to increase the penalties for peaceful…
bureau EnviroNews Headline News
(EnviroNews USA Headline News Desk) — Washington D.C. — After Press Secretary Sean Spicer lied about the size of Trump's inauguration crowds and chastised the media for reporting them accurately, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) tweeted: It is shameful that on the first full day of this…
(EnviroNews USA Headline News Desk) — A few days before President Trump's inauguration, the hacktivist group Anonymous threatened him through one of its Twitter accounts, @YourAnonCentral. Anonymous members sent out the stream of threatening tweets in response to Trump's tweet suggesting outgoing CIA Director John Brennan may have…


University Mental Health Day is the biggest day of the year for student mental health. We'd love for you to join us on Thursday the 7th of March as the university community comes together to make mental health a university-wide priority.
We are excited to announce that the theme for University Mental Health Day 2019 is Use Your Voice.
We all have mental health, we all have a voice and we all have stories to share. You best understand what it is like to live, work and study at university. We want to celebrate the power of your voice in creating long-lasting change.Join us as we inspire conversations, take action and create change this University Mental Health Day.
Keep an eye out for updates on how you can use your voice!


text:
Dollar Day at the Dome raises $5,000 for United Way of Central New York
Monday, November 15, 2010, By News Staff
Thanks to the efforts of more than 260 students and staff, Syracuse University raised $5,000 for the United Way of Central New York during the 12th annual Dollar Day at the Dome on Saturday, Nov. 6. Members from the five Greek councils (Interfraternity, Multicultural Greek, National Association of Latino Fraternal Organizations, National Pan-Hellenic and Panhellenic), a Greek service organization, staff and their family members braved the cold morning temperatures to collect donations at 60 locations around campus. Funds raised benefit more than 100 programs at 39 Central New York agencies.
SU is in the midst of its 2010 United Way campaign, "Live United," which runs through Dec. 10. Upcoming campus special events include silent auctions, bake and soup sales, used book/video/DVD sales, an International Thanksgiving Feast, bowling party and craft shows. Last year, SU raised $200,000 through campus participation in the campaign.
For more information on events, or the "Live United" campaign, contact Margie Johnson in the Office of Human Resources at 443-4224.


text:
The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787 1937 Revised Edition in Four Volumes, Volume 2 Max Farrand
The Federal Convention of 1787 engaged in the great and complex labor of framing the constitution for the union of the states. For thirty years afterwards, little was known of its deliberations, and nothing official was published. The variety of versions which began to appear thereafter tended to confuse rather than clarify the situation. When Mr. Farrand undertook the voluminous task of gathering into a single unit all available records which had been written or published by the Convention participants, he found that accuracy became the most important and the most difficult aspect of his task. Yet the accuracy he achieved has proved to be the most significant feature of his undertaking. The thoroughness of his research has made The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787 the one most authoritative source for students of constitutional law as well as lawyers and legislators who seek to understand the spirit of the Constitution in their interpretations of its provisions.
The documents are reprinted exactly from the originals and presented in chronological sequence. Throughout Mr. Farrand discriminated carefully between statements of proceedings in the Convention and theoretical interpretations of clauses in the constitution, including only the former in his work. His footnotes provide cross references to the most important subjects and his general index is as exhaustive as possible. He also includes a special index, giving references for every clause in the adopted Constitution to enable the reader to trace the origin and development of any particular clause and to find every item within the Records that bears upon it. Originally published in 1911 in three volumes, the Revised Edition, published in 1937, incorporated in a fourth supplementary volume new material which came to light after the first printing. The Yale University Press is now pleased to announce the publication of the four-volume Revised Edition in paper-bound format.
"Will now be the standard authority on the work of Constitutional convention of 1787."—New York Times
"Historians and constitutional lawyers have long desired to see all the records that exist of the formation of the Federal constitution, gathered into a record which shall be at once correct, critical, and comprehensive. Their wish is now gratified."—The Nation
Elizabeth Cleland
Los Angeles - The Development, Life and Structure of the City of Two Million in Southern California
Anton Wagner
The Last Revolutionaries
Leo Damrosch
Becoming Elijah
Daniel C. Matt
Tom Licence
The Fortunes of Francis Barber
Michael Bundock
Marie-Antoinette
John Hardman
Nicholas J. Higham
The Making of Oliver Cromwell
Ronald Hutton
The Polymath
Enlightened Eclecticism
Adriano Aymonino
Michael Hicks
Emily Cockayne
Michael Shnayerson
Miles Taylor
Henry III
David Carpenter
Goering's Man in Paris


Trans Latina activist and undocumented immigrant Jennicet Gutierrez spoke in the Hub Thursday evening in the final installation of the Trans Revolution Series hosted by the UCSB Resource Center for Sexual & Gender Diversity.
Gutierrez discussed her rise to prominence after interrupting President Barack Obama during the White House's LGBT Pride Reception in June. At the reception, Gutierrez called the abuse of detained LGBTQ undocumented immigrants to Obama's attention, demanding an end to their deportation.
Gutierrez said trans women who are also undocumented immigrants are placed in detention centers along with men, creating a situation where they often face harassment.
"Some of the conditions that our undocumented transgender women face is very heartbreaking and dehumanizing," Gutierrez said.
Gutierrez said she was inspired by transgender activist and UCSB alumna Zoraida Reyes, and realized LGBTQ women and undocumented immigrants can lead activism movements.
"Zoraida [Reyes] showed me that we have the capacity to be at the center of the movement, to join the conversations, be an important part of it and move the movement in the right direction," Gutierrez said.
Gutierrez said she sought legal advice before interrupting Obama at the White House and was told not to speak out because she could face criminal charges.
"I was being told to shut up, to take all the abuse — 'You are a trans woman, you are undocumented, you are nothing,'" Gutierrez said.
Gutierrez said she is tired of being "dehumanized" and will challenge power even at the cost of her own life.
"My power has been taken away so many times, but by confronting the president, I regained my power and I regained my dignity," Gutierrez said.
Gutierrez said that everyone is important in the movement to defend the rights of LGBTQ undocumented immigrants.
Director of UCSB's Resource Center for Sexual & Gender Diversity David Whitman said it is important to host activists like Gutierrez because students of color and undocumented students grow up with few role models they can identify with.
"[UCSB is] providing students with possibility models, where people can see themselves represented, sometimes for the first time in their whole life, [and] are able to gain a sense of confidence, sense of empowerment, a sense of encouragement," Whitman said.
First-year political science major Ricardo Uribe said he enjoyed hearing Gutierrez's life story and learned how to effectively work toward equality.
"If you want to make change, do so with respect; do so where you get your message across while you are respecting the people around you," Uribe said.
Second-year political science major Mariel Islas said she first met Gutierrez at the UC Student Association congress last year and was compelled to attend Thursday's discussion after seeing her take a stance at the White House.
"She is a trans Latina woman and undocumented — that's a lot of marginalized communities and identities into one person, and just seeing her have so much power and so much courage — it's inspiring," Islas said.
Gutierrez said she enjoys reading poetry and concluded the evening by reading the audience a poem she wrote.
"The status quo wanted me to remain a broken soul; activism empowered and repaired my soul, and activism empowered my existence. Now I'm on a mission to challenge power and the status quo," Gutierrez said.


text:
You are here: Home » News » Jesuit Schemes by Nation » Afghanistan » On China's Role in Afghanistan
On China's Role in Afghanistan
August 3, 2021 1:59 AM By New Eastern Outlook Leave a Comment
Originally published by Journal-NEO.org/.
Fearing increasing instability and the risk of widespread civil war in Afghanistan, many countries have recently been working to fill the vacuum created by the US withdrawal from that South Asian country.
Thus, regional powers Turkey and Iran actively seek to strengthen their influence. In particular, Turkey, in line with President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's expansionist policy, is negotiating to take over security at the Kabul airport. Iran, who speaks almost the same language as the second major Afghan ethnic group, the Tajiks, does not doze off either, maintaining a strong influence in this community that dominates the northwestern region of the country.
During July, about a thousand Afghan soldiers entered Tajikistan several times and then left to fight the Taliban. In this regard, Moscow clarified its position. "If Tajikistan is attacked, we will fulfill our obligations," Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergey Lavrov stated. We are confirming that in this case, the obligation refers to the territorial protection of the Kremlin-led Eurasian entity, an ally in the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), and Russia's main ally in Central Asia. Such an ally is an essential defense for Moscow against radical Islamist elements. In addition, it lies between Russia and China, providing Russia with the "strategic depth" useful in relations with such a large neighbor.
In addition to Russia, other powers with interests in the region are being mobilized. On July 15, China said that the Afghan crisis was an issue that deserved its attention along with Pakistan. This neighbor helped organize the Taliban in the 1990s because it saw an opportunity to gain an ally on India's western borders through this movement. As Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi said, "China and Pakistan should defend regional peace together. The problems in Afghanistan are practical problems we face. China, like Pakistan, is keen to support the Afghan parties in finding a solution through dialogue."
The Afghan crisis worries China as a factor of instability in a region where Beijing is expanding its economic influence through the One Belt, One Road Initiative. Beijing has even drawn up a plan to bring Afghanistan into its sphere of influence, promising to build a modern highway connecting Kabul to Peshawar, the capital of Pakistan's Tribal Areas where Islamic fundamentalist views are widespread.
Afghanistan is part of a broader Asian chessboard on which the US strategically competes with China. It should not be forgotten that the US airbase at Bagram, abandoned the other day, is closer to China than any other base under Indo-Pacific command. Afghanistan is the only country where US troops have been stationed having a border with China. After the withdrawal, the next closest military base on the flank of US Central Command will be 1,300 miles from China in Qatar, so Beijing will not miss the opportunity to fill the vacuum created by the United States withdrawal. It is no accident that when Donald Trump was still talking about withdrawing forces, China announced that the One Belt, One Road Initiative would include Afghanistan.
According to the British Daily Mail, Beijing senses an unrivalled opportunity to extend its influence in the region and gain strategic territorial and economic advantage that could rewrite the geopolitical map in its favour. Afghanistan offers Beijing a gateway through which the Chinese army can access the Arabian Sea via Iran or Pakistan.
Indeed, the war-torn Islamic Republic of Afghanistan could offer China overland access to Iran and the Middle East and a path to the Indian Ocean and beyond to Africa. Today, Chinese goods have to make a long detour to get to these markets: they are shipped by container through the disputed South China Sea. However, Afghanistan's short common border with northwest China offers a lucrative option for mega-rail, high-speed rail, and pipelines.
Beijing is confident that it can win where Whitehall, the Kremlin, and the White House have been losing for centuries, simply because it has no interest in changing Afghan society. It has learned from the mistakes of previous attempts by other countries to "tame Afghanistan" and does not want to remake Afghanistan in its own image. Beijing prefers to use its financial muscle along with the threat of military might. If reports that Beijing is willing to invest $62 billion in Afghanistan is accurate, it is following a plan honed to perfection in many other countries. In exchange for its generosity, China will expect the Taliban to turn a blind eye to the "genocidal" (as Washington believes) suppression of the 12 million Uighur Muslims who live in China's Xinjiang province, close to the border with Afghanistan and Pakistan. The last thing Beijing wants is an anarchic scenario in which a wave of Islamic fundamentalism at the country's borders would threaten China's internal security.
On July 12, Suhail Shaheen, a Taliban spokesman, officially announced: "China is a friend of Afghanistan, and its possible efforts in rebuilding the country are welcome." Suhail made an assurance that the Taliban would not allow Uyghur separatists, some of whom had sought refuge and settlement in Afghanistan.
China has pledged to support the Taliban's role "in the process of restoring stability in Afghanistan. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi made a statement to this effect during talks with a delegation of the radical Taliban movement (banned in Russia and many other countries), who arrived in Tianjin late July, the South China Morning Post reports. The publication specifies that the delegation of nine Taliban arrived under the leadership of the Taliban's deputy leader and negotiator, Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar. During the talks, Wang Yi demanded that the Taliban cut all ties with the Uyghur separatist organization, the East Turkestan Islamic Movement (banned in the Russian Federation). In turn, the Chinese authorities promised not to interfere in the internal affairs of Afghanistan but expressed their readiness to assist in establishing peace in the country. Representatives of the movement thanked China for its continued cooperation with the Afghan people, especially in the fight against the coronavirus. They assured that Afghanistan's territory would not be used against any other countries.
On July 28, Taliban spokesman Mohammad Naeem officially confirmed on Twitter that a nine-member delegation led by Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar, co-founder of the militant movement, had held talks with Chinese officials in Beijing. "The meetings discussed politics, the economy, and issues related to the security of the two countries, as well as the current situation in Afghanistan and the peace process," Mohammad Naeem wrote.
Vladimir Danilov, political observer, exclusively for the online magazine "New Eastern Outlook".
This post was originally published by Journal-NEO.org/.
Author: New Eastern Outlook
New Eastern Outlook provides a fact based alternative to mainstream news media sources by inviting independent experts and journalists writing on international politics, economics, law, oriental studies and culture to have their original articles published as permanent NEO contributors. New Eastern Outlook publishes exclusive content only.
Afghanistan and Erdogan's "Great Turan"
What Card is Washington Playing in Afghanistan via Ankara?
China is Building a Military Base in Tajikistan
Erdogan Pursues a Broad Coalition in Asia
Tehran – Riyadh: the Ice Seems to Break
Erdogan's rocky-path to better ties with the US
US vows to continue airstrikes in Afghanistan, as…
The Extended Afghanistan Peace Troika: US, Russia,…
The US Withdrawal Isn't the End of the War in Afghanistan
Has the "Cold War" between Turkey and the UAE Ended?
Filed Under: Afghanistan, China, Iran, Turkey
The Role that Social and Media Platforms Played in the Events in Kazakhstan January 15, 2022


Gem silica Chrysocolla from the Inspiration mine in Ray, Arizona. This natural, unpolished piece is more valuable than a diamond in the rough and far more rare. It can be polished, as-is or cut into many valuable gemstones. This material was mined in the 40's and 50's. It is very hard to find these days.


On Saturday April 6 2019 at 7:30pm, NeMe invites you to the opening of the exhibition EXIT STRATEGY conceived by Daisy Charles, Jesse Meredith, and William Wiebe.
Order or download your own free copy of State Machines: Reflections and Actions at the Edge of Digital Citizenship, Finance, and Art.
We welcome curatorial proposals from young (21-35 years old) practising curators, scholars, and artists from all disciplines for exhibitions, performances and research projects for the NeMe Arts Centre.
We no longer maintain a database of calls and arts events information but if you wish to submit a public call for submissions or announce your event, you may do that in our forum. A list of the latest posts, appear on the front page of this site.
Do you write? We are compiling a database of texts to be published on this website.
On Saturday April 13th 2019, at 6:00pm, NeMe invites you to the launch of Anna Prodromou's book Women in Conflict Zones-A collection of Interviews of Cypriot Women which showcases a collection of interviews featuring Cypriot women from different backgrounds and cultures.
Our latest publication, Respublika! – Experiments in the Performance of Participation and Democracy took about a year to edit, design and print but we hope that you'll be satisfied with the result.
Following the open call, the selection panel, chose the following artists to participate in the Self as Actor exhibition.
VideoVortex XII will take place in Malta on September 27-28, 2019. There is currently a call for contributions published by the Institute of Network Cultures.
James Bridle's residency at NeMe just about a year ago did not end with his Unbuilding Citizenship talk at the NeMe Arts Centre.
The Šum Journal will present a thematic volume entitled Cryptocene, which will be published in the 10th issue of the journal.


The protagonists of Double Step are mysterious sisters residing at the Spectrum Tower building in Warsaw. They look peculiar: almost like twins, they have one body, two heads, four legs and one pair of hands. When moving between the floors of the building, they encounter the Hosted Simply exhibition... Zuza Golińska and Magdalena Łazarczyk have collaborated for the past few years, also as the GOŁA collective. Their projects are a product of their individual artistic practices which they develop independently; they are mostly based on performative actions corresponding to the given surroundings. They have jointly made performances, installations and films. Both artists graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw and completed independent graduation projects at the Mirosław Bałka Studio of Spatial Activities (2015).
The performative readings of "The nest. A play about how to use things in an improper way and yet not waste them", a tragicomedy about contemporary art, written in 2012. One of them took place at the Zachęta National Art Gallery and the other at the Theatre Institute in Warsaw. The intention of confronting the text with the spaces of the gallery and the theater was a continuation of my intermedia and interdisciplinary artistic pursuits. The dramatic text understood as an event taking place in a certain space was to be tested out in two locations with different traditions of creating meanings and cognitive tools.
The roles were assigned to 9 actors, so that none would have to appear in a scene all by himself. The first act, where the artists, curator, director and the technical staff mount the exhibition, and eventually a power shortage occurs, was read in Zachęta's upper chamber in front of the staircase, occupied by an exhibition of works nominated for the Deutsche Bank's most interesting young Polish artist Looks 2015.The works presented there - con- ceptual installations And Indescribable outline by Alice Bielawska and Turba, Turbo and Arena byIza Tarasiewicz - became a very good background for a text dealing with con- temporary artistic discourse, difficult to understand for an ordinary viewer of. Act 1 ended by turning off the lights, and the actors and audience approached to the staircase, where the next two scenes were shown - the Critical Artist writing a manifesto and his conversa- tion with the choir, and the opening of the exhibition. The opening, with participation of di- rector, Superintendent, Sponsor, Ambassador and the Minister was conducted exactly the same way and in the same place where actual exhibitions are usually inaugurated in this institution, thus fitting the roles of the actors into real places and characters familiar to all patrons of the gallery. Some of the actors impersonated the viewers who have difficulties coping with the exhibition that is being displayed in the dark. The next two scenes were shown on the ground floor among objects making up the Gardensexhibition (curator Magda Godlewska-Siwerska). The conversation in a luxury beachfront villa of the Old and Great Artist was read by the actors standing within Paweł Matyszewski's Gardens of obli- vion, which consisted of a pond, plants and a rock garden. The last scene, taking place at the sitting room of intellectual aspirations of the Hostess, was read in the exhibition hall with Paweł Matyszewski's paintingRavings and sculptures Untitled by Małgorzata.
Jill Godmilow is a producer/director of non-fiction and other films that include the 1984 post-realist documentary feature, Far From Poland, about the rise of the Polish Solidarity movement; Waiting for the Moon (1987), a feminist/modernist fictional feature about the lives of the literary couple Alice B. Toklas and Gertrude Stein; Roy Cohn/Jack Smith (1995), a cinematic translation of a theater piece by performance artist Ron Vawter; What Farocki Taught, a replica and interrogation of a 1969 non-fiction film by German filmmaker Harun Farocki about the production of Napalm B during the Vietnam war, and most recently, a 6 hour, DVD archive, Lear '87 Archive (Condensed) about the work of the renown New York City theatrical collective, Mabou Mines, on a fully gender-reversed production of Shakespeare's "King Lear". Among others, she has received fellowships from the Guggenheim and Rockefeller foundations and her work has been nominated for an Academy Award, invited to the Whitney Biennial and won first prize at the Sundance Film Festival. In 2003, her film Antonia: A Portrait of The Woman was added to the prestigious National Film Registry at the Library of Congress. She has just retired from 20 years of teaching film production and critical studies in the Department of Film, Television & Theatre at the University of Notre Dame.
The works of artist Zorka Wollny (*1980 in Kraków) inhabit a space between art, theatre, contemporary music and dance and are always closely connected to the historic and functional context of specific architectural sites. Wollny understands architecture not simply as a material figuration, but rather as a cognitive space dependent on movement, an expression of cultural conditions and a scene of performative interventions. Following a critical interest in cultural codes, gestures and structural modes of behaviour, which she observes e.g. in art production and reception and in environments of post-industrial work, she develops not only installations and videos, but frequently also choreographic live-performances and concerts. In the latter, she deploys feminist and deconstructivist approaches to explore the thresholds and superpositions of private, public, subjective and institutional spaces and narratives.
The theatre may today seem to be an anachronistic medium. Pushed out of the mainstream by media that are better equipped to reflect reality – first film, then television – the theatre may be taken to symbolise artificiality or conventionality. However, older media do not die out – this is not the case of some media being replaced by others, as they are all interrelated in the media landscape, feeding on one another. What is more, the older ones are released from the 'me too' drive, so they may perform a critical function with respect to more recent ones. Something that is taken for an error in cinematography may prove to be subversive in terms of theatre: it disrupts cinematographic illusion, spoils the smooth narrative, prevents one from becoming involved, keeps showing that it is all a game of pretence, make-believe. That we are actually deluded by the cinema in its quest for hyperreality. Even though corporeality and liveness should have the upper hand here, we are much more seduced by the image – "film is the winner of this rivalry precisely on account of the viewer's need of immediacy and intimacy", wrote Philip Auslander (Liveness: Performance in a Mediatized Culture, Taylor Francis elibrary, 2012). However, new media also enable the old ones to start a new life. This is more or less the essence of remediation (see Jay David Bolter, Richard Grusin, Remediation: Understanding New Media, The MIT Press, Cambridge London 2000). All in all, Bolter and Grusin's thesis is a good follow-up of Marshall McLuhan's well-known statement that the medium is the message, and the content of any medium is always another medium. Remediation is incessant, while the practices created by one medium are transposed onto other ones. This pertains to both the reception and methods of handling new media. Habits created by older media move on to the new ones (see Siegfried Zielinski, Deep Time of the Media: Toward an Archaeology of Hearing and Seeing by Technical Means, transl. by Gloria Custance, MIT Press, Cambridge MA, 2008). The Polish theatre has been employing video, film and new media strategies, embedding them in performances, for at least several seasons. From Krysian Lupa's Factory 2 to Krzysztof Garbaczewski's productions, theatre directors often reveal their fascination with other media, providing material for theoreticians writing about the co-existence of various media. Here, it should be clearly stated that the productions at hand do not only employ "new media aesthetics", but rather they are organically connected with the theatrical medium: theatre directors problematize the presence of other media, thereby allowing theatre to perform its critical function. What is meant is the theatre, but also theatricality as a medium. As Samuel Weber wrote (Theatricality as a Medium, Fordham University Press, 2004), the theatrical medium "does not instantiate itself in individual, self-contained, and meaningful works, but rather in plays that never come together to form a self-contained whole, remaining true to their name: plays, fragments, pieces (in German: Stücke, in French: pieces). This irreducibly fragmentary character predestines the theatrical medium – which is to say, theatre as a medium – to emerge increasingly as a paradigm for the modern situation". It follows that theatricality delineates a perspective of fractures, breaking with the continuous narrative in favour of fragmentation. The theatre is testing visual strategies. The old medium is absorbing newer ones. Can we reverse this situation, though? Introducing older media into the field of influence of newer ones also gives rise to tension. What can theatre and theatricality represent for video art and visual artists? How does the theatre's function change in new media's field of influence? Do theatrical strategies work in connection with other media – and how? And finally: how can we theatricalise video art?
Jolanta Woszczenko is a curator and historian. She is currently writing a PhD at the University of Gdańsk on experimental film and video. Since 2009 has been working on IN OUT Festival, since 2012 as a curator. At the Laznia CCA she runs the Parakino cycle of monthly meetings with experimental film and video artists and curators from Poland and abroad - Parakino.
Piotr Morawski is a cultural scientist and historian of culture. He works in the editorial board of Dialog (Dialogue) and at the Institute of Polish Culture at the University of Warsaw. He collaborates with the Zbigniew Raszewski Theatre Institute, most recently in the "Teatr publiczny. Przedstawienia 1765–2015" project (Public theatre. Representations 1765–2015) and in creating an electronic encyclopaedia of Polish theatre. He focuses on the cultural history of stage performances. He also writes about contemporary theatre and its social and cultural implications.


text:
Über uns Kontakt Impressum ICCJ.org
Jewish-Christian Relations
Einsichten und Anliegen des christlich-jüdischen Gesprächs
Neues von JCR und ICCJ!
Möchten Sie über neue Beiträge auf JCRelations.net per Email informiert werden?
Und zusätzlich Neuigkeiten über christlich-jüdische Beziehungen weltweit erhalten?
Dann abonnieren Sie den Newsletter des Internationalen Rates der Christen und Juden!
ICCJ bei FaceBook
The Holy One Of Israel. A review essay
01.09.2021 Book Reviews Raphael Jospe
Lenn E. Goodman:
THE HOLY ONE OF ISRAEL
New York: Oxford University Press, 2019
In our era of increasing specific, and thus minute academic and philosophic specialization, Lenn Goodman stands out as a rare polymath, what in rabbinic Hebrew is referred to as ish eshkolot,[1] a person of broad and deep, indeed encyclopedic, knowledge in a variety of disciplines. Goodman's works combine significant scholarly contributions in his studies and translations of medieval Arab/Muslim philosophic texts – Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Ibn Tufayl, and the Brethren of Purity – together with works of medieval Jewish philosophers such as Sa`adiah Gaon. Goodman, together with a colleague, is currently completing a long-anticipated translation and commentary from the Judeo-Arabic original of the Guide of the Perplexed by Rambam (Maimonides). However, Goodman is not just a scholar of renown (he is the Andrew W. Mellon Professor in Humanities at Vanderbilt University), but an important philosopher in his own right. Although his sources, references, and topics are thoroughly catholic, in his thematic philosophical books he clearly positions himself within the framework of Jewish philosophy.[2]
Goodman doesn't just translate and explain texts he presents; he engages them in philosophic dialogue. Besides a broad range of contemporary philosophers, he cites and places in dialogue an immense variety of sources. To name just a few: passages from the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), New Testament, Talmudic rabbis, Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Al-Ghazzali, Anselm, Rambam (Maimonides), Thomas Aquinas, Pascal, Descartes, Spinoza, Kant, Hermann Cohen. Across the different centuries and cultures, in Goodman's capable hands, they dialogue with each other and with Goodman himself. Moreover, Goodman's erudition and profound learning are expressed in a masterful and elegant style.
The Holy One of Israel is Goodman's exposition of his theistic ani ma'amin (credo), which in many cases takes the form of philosophical exegesis of biblical ideas and passages.[3] His ideas and interpretations will not necessarily convince others,[4] but Goodman makes no such claim. As he pointed out in his earlier God of Abraham,[5] where he defends the Ontological Argument for the existence of God against its critics (eg., Kant), Anselm
frames the Ontological Argument . . . not as a proof but as a prayer . . . Anselm assumes God's reality and addresses him, but hopes now to show that God's perfection entails and unites all perfections, existence included.[6]
To reiterate: Goodman does not claim to "prove" his theistic thesis logically in order to convince others. Does not the multitude of philosophic "proofs" of God's existence in fact prove that none of them succeeded?[7] Perhaps all we can hope for – and need to be satisfied with – is a rationally coherent and reasonably consistent thesis, and Goodman certainly meets this standard.
However, in my understanding, the challenge in The Holy One of Israel – which I see not as a book to be read lightly but to be studied and pondered – is not whether one agrees with Goodman's stance in general or his interpretation of a particular point, but that he makes one think. In exegesis of sacred texts, as in philosophy, the questions a thinker raises are often far more important that the answers offered. Goodman is certainly remarkably fluent in the technicalities of philosophy, but he wants to use them in order to move beyond them to ultimate questions. Contrary to credo quia absurdum est, Goodman is clearly committed to a theistic belief which is rational, or at least reasonable and grounded in, and informed by reason. But just as he offers a defense of the Ontological Argument without actually using it, Goodman concisely cuts through the pretentious rationalism which claims to offer irrefutable logical proofs of what we think and believe: "The Principle of Sufficient Reason is metaphysics, not logic."[8] Nevertheless, for Goodman, human reason is "the anchor point" of "our inner affinity with the divine," and "is the basis of the Torah's saying that man and woman are created in God's image."[9] "The human mind . . . is where our finitude meets the infinite."[10]
In this way, Goodman is a modern follower of medieval rationalist Jewish philosophers. Rambam (Moses Maimonides, 1135-1204 C.E.), for whom the term tzelem (usually translated as "image" of God) refers not to one's external physical shape (for which he says the Hebrew term is to'ar), but refers to "the natural form" in virtue of which something is what it actually is, and that it refers in Genesis 1:26-27 to intellectual apprehension.[11] Similarly, for Abraham ibn Ezra (c. 1089-1164 C.E.) in the generation before Rambam, "reason is the foundation" (shiqul ha-da`at hu ha-yesod) for proper understanding of Scripture, because "the angel between a person and his God is his intellect" (ha-mal'akh bein adam u-vein elohav hu sikhlo).[12]
Goodman acknowledges his indebtedness to Rambam:
Reason, linking us to God, must govern our actions; it is fed by understanding. God's perfection, Maimonides argues, inspires love and emulation; and this is an intellectual love. For the Torah assigns it to human hearts . . . The quality of our love of God rests on the adequacy of our idea of God . . . Intellectual love, clearly, is not cold or sterile. Like the procreative drive it is at once God's commandment, a blessing, and a natural imperative.[13]
That intellectual love of God, in turn, necessarily leads "to contributing to God's creative work. For there are many things God cannot do alone."[14]
This moral vision anchors the Mosaic ethos, elevating the grammatical other to the status Hermann Cohen stressed, of the Mitmensch, the fellow-man . . . Hence the broader command, invoked to ground the more specific: Treat others as you'd wish to be treated – love thy fellow as thyself (Lev. 19:18).[15]
The essential ethical component of the love of God, expressed in loving one's fellow human being, follows from the fact that "God is not a Mitmensch. Yet we are commanded to love God."[16]
Since in The Holy One of Israel (as in his other books) Goodman creates a dialogue across the centuries and cultures of his sources and then engages them all in dialogue, I take this opportunity to engage in a bit of dialogue with Goodman about his reference to Hermann Cohen (1842-1918).
In his Die Religion der Vernunft aus den Quellen des Judentums (The Religion of Reason Out of the Sources of Judaism), ch. 8 "The Discovery of Man as Fellowman (Die Entdeckung des Menschen also des Mitmenschen)," Hermann Cohen discusses the ethical challenge of transforming the Nebenmensch (the "next person" – think of the stranger standing next to you in a crowded bus or metro) into the Mitmensch (the "person with" you).
Thus man arises as plurality, which in itself forms the unity of a group. At the same time, man as such, as one member of this group, also poses in himself the problem of unity. Thus a concept arises that grasps man, not yet indeed as an individual with the full weight of the concept, but as a unit in a series: one man next to other men, just the next man (Nebenmensch). And this experience – for this conception of the next man is taken from experience – poses for ethics and also for religion, in accordance with the latter's share in reason, the problem of the fellowman (Mitmensch) . . . For the correlation of God and man (Korrelation von Gott und Mensch) cannot be actualized if the correlation of man and man is not first included."[17]
The problem, then, is that without that transformation of the Nebenmensch into the Mitmensch, "the 'next man' (Nebenmensch) becomes unavoidably the 'opposing man' (Gegenmensch)."[18]
In the same chapter, Cohen connects this to the commandment in Leviticus 19:18 to love one's fellow (re`a): "Finally, out of these basic determinations of the law the general commandment of the love of the stranger becomes intelligible,"[19] because "the so-called love for the neighbor (die sogenannte Nächstenliebe)" is elucidated some verses later (v. 33-34) by the commandment to love the stranger "as oneself" (du sollst ihn lieben, er ist wie du).
Note that the English translation "as oneself" does not accurately represent Cohen's German translation of Leviticus 19, where the key word is to love one's fellow (and also then the stranger) kamokha. In this passage in The Religion of Reason Cohen more carefully translates kamokha (literally: "like you") as er ist wie du – "he is like you." In other words, for Hermann Cohen the commandment is not, in Goodman's words, to love one's fellow "as oneself" by "treat(ing) others as you'd wish to be treated," but to love the other because the other person is "like you" – and must be treated as a subject, because "he is kamokha, like you," similarly endowed with reason.
Cohen had already made this point in his earlier (1908), essay "Charakteristik der Ethik Maimunis" ("The Character of Maimonides' Ethical Theory") later included in his Jüdische Schriften ("Jewish Writings"):[20]
It is an intriguing [Aristotelian] illusion that the solitary thinker in his state of eudaemony, is most likely to attain full selfhood. We [Jews] know, however, that the isolated self exclusively engaged in thinking cannot be an ethical self (nicht das ethische Selbst sein kann). For this self, there exists no I without a Thou (Für dieses gibt es kein Ich ohne Du). Re`a means "the other" (Re`a heißt der andere), the one who is like you (er ist wie Du). He is the Thou of the I (er ist das Du zum Ich).
Although he does not mention it in either book, Cohen's point that Leviticus 19:18 means to love one's fellow (re`a) because "er ist wie du – he is like you" (and not to love the other "as yourself"), created in the divine image, endowed with reason, is clearly based on the Be'ur (Commentary) of Moses Mendelssohn (1729-1786) on Leviticus 19:18, based on linguistic, syntactical, and philosophical considerations.[21] Cohen had studied at the Breslau Jewish Theological Seminary, where he must have been exposed to the Be'ur.
Returning to Goodman's own discussion of the command to love of one's fellow, it is significant that it is in his chapter on natural law that he cites the connection of that commandment (Leviticus 19:18) with the obligation two verses earlier (Leviticus 19:16) "not to stand idly by the blood of your fellow," i.e., when the other person is in danger.
Affirmative obligations spring from the demands of personhood and the dignity bespoken by our creation in God's image. Hence Levinas' call to see the boundless demands to be read in a human face: "Do not kill me" is just a start, and even that unspoken cry must also mean "Do not slight me, do not make yourself invisible to me!" (cf. Isaiah 58:7).[22]
Again, reflecting his reading of Levinas, Goodman writes on the acceptance of the other as other:[23]
Full recognition of another's subjecthood opens up to us when we see in another's personhood no mere echo of our own, but our counterpart, a subject whose projects are no less weighty, for their otherness, than our own.
This, then, is the meaning of the commandment to love the other "as oneself" which ends with "I am the Lord:" we can only know ourselves by knowing the other as subjects. In Goodman's words:[24]
Self-knowledge springs from recognizing others not as objects of perception or desire, but as conscious, eager beings, worthy, by their subjecthood, of treatment as ends in themselves. It is in this way that awareness of another's personhood opens a window into God's presence . . . It is because we can know one another as subjects that we can be commanded to love one another as we love ourselves. Even a stranger can be a second self.
Whether, then, one's ethical values are grounded in religious faith or in natural law,
the issue is not whether one follows God's will or nature's dictate. What matters is how one thinks of God or nature, or human flourishing.[25]
In Goodman's theistic approach, the ethical challenge of intellectual love of God is expressed in and leads "to contributing to God's creative work. For there are many things God cannot do alone," and that ethical imperative applies to science and philosophy, as well:
Science would pursue its ideal of unity more successfully than it has in chasing the reduction of all things to their least parts, by looking instead toward the sanctity of being as nature's largest theme and acknowledging the ingenuity and prodigal generosity manifest in nature . . . Science and philosophy, when not shielding their eyes from an epiphany, may seek to reweave the scattered rays of light they see into the unity and universality they can infer to be their source.[26]
For Goodman, then, faith and reason lead, or should lead, to the same point. Religious ritual properly serves this goal:
Monotheism seeks the common Source toward which all such goods point. When studied, welcomed, and practiced with critical openness, the poetry and rituals of Israel can be originary, not derivative, their tropes as adequate as the instruments forge by philosophy can be . . . only provided that our keenest rituals and symbols are not assumed to mean no more than themselves, or expected to serve as magic surrogates obviating active thought and thoughtful action.[27]
Following his philosophical reading of the story of Moses' encounter with God at the burning bush (Exodus Ch. 3), where God identifies himself as ehyeh asher ehyeh (Goodman affirms the common translation of this phrase, "I am that I am"), Goodman comments: "God speaks . . . metaphysically, naming Himself to Moses and all Israel in terms of Being."[28] The ineffable name of God, the Tetragrammaton, the root of which simply means "being," leads Goodman to understand Rambam's third argument (of four) at the beginning of Part II of the Guide of the Perplexed as at least partially ontological. The other arguments are cosmological, resting on inferences grounded in our study of nature. The third argument, however, differs. It is based on an analysis of the concept of "necessary being" that Rambam borrowed from Ibn Sina (Avicenna),[29] and "does embed an appeal to the intuitive summit of pure reason, an ontological-type argument encapsulated in the Tetragrammaton."[30] Goodman thus requires us to modify the categorical determination of Harry Wolfson (1887-1974) that
of the many historical proofs for the existence of God – the three from speculative reason enumerated by Kant, the cosmological, the ontological, and the teleological, and others like universal assent and the innateness of the idea of God – only the cosmological type of argument was pressed into service by Jewish theologians . . . As for the ontological argument . . . it is entirely absent, though some of the ingredients of which it is made up were not unknown, as, for instance, the identity of essence and existence in God.[31]
At least part of the difference of opinion between Wolfson and Goodman on the ontological proof relates to the differing notions of necessity. As Goodman pointed out in his God of Abraham, whereas for Kant necessity is logical, for Ibn Sina necessity is self-sufficiency. Goodman there concludes, contra Kant: "The idea of confining necessity to logic is simply unsound."[32] The difference of opinion may also reflect the fact that Goodman, a scholar of both Rambam and Ibn Sina, defends the ontological proof against critics like Kant, as mentioned above.
There is much more that could be written about such a rich book as The Holy One of Israel, but this essay, hopefully, by surveying and dialoguing with a few of its philosophical, exegetical, and scholarly topics, may serve as an appetizer.
One fundamental question remains in conclusion: why should non-Jews as well as Jews be interested in Lenn Goodman's Holy One of Israel?
The answer is simple. We all grow, are educated, think, and philosophize while grounded in a particular linguistic, cultural and religious tradition. However, the fact that a philosophy or theology is grounded in a particular tradition does not mean it is relevant and meaningful, and has significant implications, only within that particular tradition. In this regard, Hermann Cohen was careful not to refer to Judaism as "the religion of reason" but to "The Religion of Reason Out of the Sources of Judaism." Even if one's religious and philosophic sources reflect the particular culture in which one has been born and educated, if one's questions (and, hopefully, also one's answers) are well thought through and developed, they can, and should challenge thinkers from other cultures and traditions who at most will then have to "translate" them – not linguistically, although possibly terminologically – from a different cultural context to their own. That is the ongoing challenge of religious philosophy's need and ability to become enriched by borrowing from other cultures, at least (although not only) among the three western monotheistic communities with traditions of revealed Scripture.
Harry Wolfson (another great ish eshkolot of the previous generation) maintained that Philo of Alexandria, a Jew whose works, written in Greek, were preserved by the Church and were unknown to Jewish and Muslim philosophers in the Middle Ages,[33] was an archetype for all western religious philosophy whether that philosophy (with the question of the relation of reason and revelation) was dressed in Hebrew, Arabic, or Latin "garb." That Philonic structure, Wolfson maintained, lasted for some seventeen centuries, among philosophers writing in Hebrew, Arabic and Latin, until Spinoza "freed" philosophy from its subservience to revelation.[34] Lenn Goodman's latest book, with its "dialogue" (and not merely mixture) of classical, medieval, modern, and contemporary sources, originally written in Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, Latin and modern European languages is but another example of his proficiency in such inter-cultural enrichment in which we all can, and should learn from and with each other.
Editorische Anmerkungen
About the author please see: Raphael Jospe