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Search results for: S. aureus
46 Adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus to Intravascular cannulae
Authors: Ghadah Abusalim, Suliman Alharbi, Hesham Khalil, Milton Wainwright, Mohammad A. Khiyami
The use of implantable foreign devices in medicine has recently increased dramatically. Intravascular cannulae and catheters are used to administer fluids, medications, parenteral nutrition, and blood products in order to monitor hemodynamic status and also to provide hemodialysis. The early and late failure of inserted or implanted devices is largely the result of bacterial infection and may lead to the disruption of integration between the device and the tissues which surround it. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are widely considered to be the most common organisms causing device-related infection. Our study showed that S. aureus and S. epidermidis adhered to intravascular cannulae made up of PTFE, SPTFE and vialon. Adhesion of S. epidermidis and S. aureus to intravascular cannulae varied significantly depending upon the type of material used and the presence of coating materials. Both bacteria adhered less to PTFE followed by Vialon and SPTFE and the adhesion capacity of S. aureus and S. epidermidis increased over time. Coating intravascular cannulae with human serum albumin inhibited the adhesion of S. aureus and S. epidermidis to these cannulae, and pretreatment of cannulae with fibronectin inhibited the adhesion of S. epidermidis but increased the adhesion of S. aureus to all types of cannulae. Pretreatment of cannulae surface with potassium chloride or calcium chloride increased the adhesion of S. aureus and S. epidermidis to cannulae, suggesting a role for electrostatic forces in the mechanism of such adhesion. This study will hopefully clarify the mechanism of adhesion and provide possible means of preventing such adhesion either by the use of better material coatings or by interfering with the process of adhesion by targeting bacterial structures responsible for it. Currently we recommend the use of PTFE cannulae as they exhibit a lower bacterial adhesion capacity compared to the other tested cannulae.
Keywords: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, adhesion, cannulae, PTFE, Vialon
45 Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Subclinical Bovine Mastitis to Ciprofloxacin in Dairy Herd in Tabriz during 2013
Authors: Alireza Jafarzadeh, Samad Mosaferi, Mansour Khakpour
Mastitis is an inflammation of the parenchyma of mammary gland regardless of the causes. Mastitis is characterized by a range of physical and chemical changes in the glandular tissue. The most important change in milk includes discoloration, the presence of clots and large number of leucocytes. There is swelling, heat, pain and edema in mammary gland in many clinical cases. Positive coagulase S. aureus is a major pathogen of the bovine mammary gland and a common cause of contagious mastitis in cattle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outbreaks of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. This study is conducted in ten dairy herds about one thousand cows. After doing CMT and identifying infected cows, the milk samples obtained from infected teats and transported to microbiological laboratories. After microbial culture of milk samples and isolating S. aureus, antimicrobial, sensitivity test was performed with disk diffusion method by ciprofloxacin, co-amoxiclav, erythromycin, penicillin, oxytetracyclin, sulfonamides, lincomycin and cefquinome. The study defined that the outbreak of subclinical positive coagulase Staphylococcus mastitis in dairy herd was 13.11% (5.6% S. aureus and 7.51% S. intermedicus). The antimicrobial sensitivity test shown that 87.23% of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in dairy herd was susceptible to ciprofloxacin, 93.9% to cefquinome, 4.67% to co-amoxiclav, 12.16% to erythromycin 86.11% to sulfonamides (co-trimoxazole), 3.35% lincomycin, 12.7% to oxytetracyclin and 5.98% to penicillin. Results of present defined that ciprofloxacin has a great effect on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis dairy herd. It seems that cefquinome sulfonamides has a great effect on isolated Staphylococcus aureus in vivo.
Keywords: ciprofloxacin, mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus, dairy herd
44 Antibacterial Activity of Northern Algerian Honey
Authors: Messaouda Belaid, Salima Kebbouche-Gana, Djamila Benaziza
Our study focuses on determining the antibacterial activity of some honeys from northern Algeria. To test this activity, the agar well diffusion methods was employed. The bacterial strains tested were Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeroginosae. The results showed that all the microbes tested were inhibited by all honey used in this study but Those bacteria that appear to be more sensitive to all honey tested are Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeroginosae.
Keywords: honey, antibacterial activity, Northern Algeria, Staphylococcus aureus
43 SPR Immunosensor for the Detection of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Muhammad Ali Syed, Arshad Saleem Bhatti, Chen-zhong Li, Habib Ali Bokhari
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors have emerged as a promising technique for bioanalysis as well as microbial detection and identification. Real time, sensitive, cost effective, and label free detection of biomolecules from complex samples is required for early and accurate diagnosis of infectious diseases. Like many other types of optical techniques, SPR biosensors may also be successfully utilized for microbial detection for accurate, point of care, and rapid results. In the present study, we have utilized a commercially available automated SPR biosensor of BI company to study the microbial detection form water samples spiked with different concentration of Staphylococcus aureus bacterial cells. The gold thin film sensor surface was functionalized to react with proteins such as protein G, which was used for directed immobilization of monoclonal antibodies against Staphylococcus aureus. The results of our work reveal that this immunosensor can be used to detect very small number of bacterial cells with higher sensitivity and specificity. In our case 10^3 cells/ml of water have been successfully detected. Therefore, it may be concluded that this technique has a strong potential to be used in microbial detection and identification.
Keywords: surface plasmon resonance (SPR), Staphylococcus aureus, biosensors, microbial detection
42 Morphometric Relationships of Length-Weight and Length-Length of Oreochromis aureus in Relation to Body Size and Condition Factor from Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Naeem, Abdus Salam, Sumera Yasmin, Abir Ishtiaq
In the present study, eighty-three wild Oreochromis aureus of different body size ranging 5.3-14.6 cm in total length were collected from the River Chenab, District Muzzafer Garh, Pakistan to investigate the parameters of length –weight, length-length relationships and condition factor in relation to size. Each fish was measured and weighed on arrival at laboratory. Log transformed regressions were used to test the allometric growth. Length-weight relationship was found highly significant (r = 0.964; P < 0.01). The values of exponent " b" in Length–weight regression (W=aL^b), deviated from 3, showing isometric growth (b = 2.75). Results for LLRs indicated that these are highly correlated (P < 0.001). Condition factor (K) found constant with increasing body weight, however, showed negative influence with increasing total length.
Keywords: lenght-weight, Oreochromis aureus, morphometric study
41 Isolation of Antimicrobial Compounds from Marine Sponge Neopetrosia exigua
Authors: Haitham Qaralleh, Syed Z. Idid, Shahbudin Saad, Deny Susanti, Osama Althunibat
This study was carried out to isolate the active antimicrobial compounds from Neopetrosia exigua using bio-guided assay isolation against Staphylococcus aureus. N. exigua was extracted using methanol and subjected to liquid-liquid extraction using solvents with different polarity (n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, n-butanol and water). Purification of the active components of n-butanol and dichloromethane fractions was done using Sephadex LH-20 and reverse phase chromatography. Based on the biological guided fractionation results, dichloromethane and n-butanol fractions showed the highest antimicrobial activity. Purification of the active components of n-butanol and dichloromethane fractions yielded three compounds. The structure of the isolated compounds were elucidated and found to be 5-hydroxy-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester, cyclo-1`-demethylcystalgerone and avarol derivative. Avarol was showed potent bactericidal effect against S. aureus. N. exigua appears to be rich source of natural antimicrobial agents. Further studies are needed to investigate the mode of action of these compounds.
Keywords: antimicrobial, avarol, Neopetrosia exigua, Staphylococcus aureus
40 Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Origanum glandulosum on Bacterial Strains of Hospital Origin Most Implicated in Nosocomial Infections
Authors: A. Lardjam, R. Mazid, S. Y. Boudghene, A. Izarouken, Y. Dali, N. Djebli, H. Toumi
Origanum glandulosum is an aromatic plant, common in Algeria and widely used by local people for its medicinal properties. The essential oil from this plant, which grows in the west of Algeria, was studied to evaluate and determine its antibacterial activity. The extraction of the essential oil was performed by water steam distillation; the yield obtained from the aerial parts (1.78 %) is interesting, its chromatographic profile revealed by TLC showed the presence of phenolic compounds thymol and carvacrol. The evaluation of the activity of the essential oil of Origanum glandulosum on bacterial strains of hospital origin, ATCC, MRB, and HRB, most implicated in nosocomial infections (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus resistant to meticillin, Enterococcus faecium, VA R and R TEC, Acinetobacter baumanii, IMP R and R CAZ, Klebsiella pneumonia carbapenemase-producing) by the method of aromatogramme and micro atmosphere, shows that the antibacterial potency of this oil is very high, expressed by significant inhibition diameters on all strains except Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and low MICs and is characterized by a bactericidal action.
Keywords: antibacterial activity, essential oil, HRB, MBR, nosocomial infections, origanum glandulosum
39 Physiochemical and Antibacterial Assessment of Iranian Propolis Gathering in Qazvin Province
Authors: Nematollah Gheibi, Nader Divan Khosroshahi, Mahdi Mohammadi Ghanbarlou
Introduction: Nowadays, the phenomenon of bacterial resistance is one of the most important challenge of the health community in the world. Propolis is most important production of bee colonies that collected from of various plants. So far, a lot of investigations carried out about its antibacterial effects. Material and methods: Thirty gram of propolis prepared as ethanolic extract and after different process of purification, 7.5 gr of its pure form were obtained. Propolis compounds identification was performed by TLC and VLC methods. The HPLC spectrum obtaining from propolis ethanolic extract was compared with some purified standard phenolic and flavonoid substances. Antibacterial effects of ethanol extract of purified propolis were evaluated on two strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their MIC was determined by the microdillution assay. Results: Ethanolic propolis extraction analyzed by TLC were resulted to confirm several phenolic and flavonoid compounds in this extract and some of the confirmed by HPLC technique. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for standard Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853) strains were obtained 2.5 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml respectively. Conclusion: Bee Propolis is a mix organic compound that has a lot of beneficial effects such as anti-bacterial that emphasized in this investigation. It is proposed as a rich source of natural phenolic and flavonoids compounds in designing of new biological resources for hygienic and medical applications.
Keywords: propolis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antibacterial
38 Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration of Lysostaphin on Clinical Isolates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: N. Nagalakshmi, Indira Bairy, M. Atulya, Jesil Mathew
S. aureus has the ability to colonize and form biofilms on implanted biomaterials, which is difficult to disrupt, and current antimicrobial therapies for biofilms have largely proven unsuccessful in complete eradication of biofilm. The present study is aimed to determine the lysostaphin activity against biofilm producing MRSA clinical strains. The minimum biofilm inhibition activity of lysostaphin was studied against twelve strong biofilm producing isolates. The biofilm was produced in 96-wells micro-titer plate and biofilm was treated with lysostaphin (0.5 to 16 µg/ml), vancomycin (0.5 to 64 µg/ml) and linezolid (0.5 to 64 µg/ml). The biofilm inhibitory concentration of lysostaphin was found between 4 to 8 µg/ml whereas vancomycin and linezolid inhibited at concentration between 32 to 64 µg/ml. Results indicate that lysostaphin as potential antimicrobial activity against biofilm at lower concentration is comparable with routine antibiotics like vancomycin and linezolid.
Keywords: biofilm, lysostaphin, MRSA, minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration
37 Drug Sensitivity Pattern of Organisms Causing Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
Authors: Fatma M. Benrabha
The aim of the study was to determine the type and pattern of antibiotic susceptibility of the pathogenic microorganisms causing chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), which could lead to better therapeutic decisions and consequently avoidance of appearance of resistance to specific antibiotics. Most frequently isolated agents were Pseudomonas aeruginosa 28.5%; followed by Staphylococcus aureus 18.2%; proteus mirabilis 13.9%; Providencia stuartti 6.7%; Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Aspergillus sp., candida sp., 4.2% each; and other microorganisms were represented in 3-0.2%. Drug sensitivities pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed that ciprofloxacin was active against the majority of isolates (93.9%) followed by ceftazidime 86.2%, amikacin 76.2% and gentamicin 40.8%. However, Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin 72.7%, erythromycin 28.6%, cephalothin 18.2%, cloxacillin 8.3% and ciprofloxacin was active against 96.2% of isolates. The resistance pattern of proteus mirabilis were 55.6% to ampicillin, 47.1% to carbencillin, 29.4% to cephalothin, 14.3% to gentamicin and 4.8% to amikacin while 100% were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. We conclude that ciprofloxacin is the best drug of choice in treatment of CSOM caused by the common microorganisms.
Keywords: otitis media, chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), microorganism, drug sensitivity
36 Control of Staphylococcus aureus in Meat System by in situ and ex situ Bacteriocins from Lactobacillus sakei and Pediococcus spp.
Authors: M. Naimi, M. B. Khaled
The present study consisted of an applied test in meat system to assess the effectiveness of three bio agents bacteriocinproducing strains: Lm24: Lactobacillus sakei, Lm14and Lm25: Pediococcus spp. Two tests were carried out: The ex-situ test was intended for three batches added with crude bacteriocin solutions at 12.48 AU/ml for Lm25 and 8.4 AU/ml for Lm14 and Lm24. However, the in situ one consisted of four batches; three of them inoculated with one bacteriocinogenic Lm25, Lm14, Lm24, respectively. The fourth one was used in mixture: Lm14+m24 at approximately of 107 CFU/ml. The two used tests were done in the presence of the pathogen St. aureus ATCC 6538, as a test strain at 103 CFU/ml. Another batch served as a positive or a negative control was used too. The incubation was performed at 7°C. Total viable counts, staphylococci and lactic acid bacteria, at the beginning and at selected times with interval of three days were enumerated. Physicochemical determinations (except for in situ test): pH, dry mater, sugars, fat and total protein, at the beginning and at end of the experiment, were done, according to the international norms. Our results confirmed the ex situ effectiveness. Furthermore, the batches affected negatively the total microbial load over the incubation days, and showed a significant regression in staphylococcal load at day seven, for Lm14, Lm24, and Lm25 of 0.73, 2.11, and 2.4 log units. It should be noticed that, at the last day of culture, staphylococcal load was nil for the three batches. In the in situ test, the cultures displayed less inhibitory attitude and recorded a decrease in staphylococcal load, for Lm14, Lm24, Lm25, Lm14+m24 of 0.73, 0.20, 0.86, 0.032 log units. Therefore, physicochemical analysis for Lm14, Lm24, Lm25, Lm14+m24 showed an increase in pH from 5.50 to 5.77, 6.18, 5.96, 7.22, a decrease in dry mater from 7.30% to 7.05%, 6.87%, 6.32%, 6.00%.This result reflects the decrease in fat ranging from 1.53% to 1.49%, 1.07%, 0.99%, 0.87%; and total protein from 6.18% to 5.25%, 5.56%, 5.37%, 5.5%. This study suggests that the use of selected strains as Lm25 could lead to the best results and would help in preserving and extending the shelf life of lamb meat.
Keywords: biocontrol, in situ, ex situ, meat system, St. aureus, Lactobacillus sakei, Pediococcus spp.
35 Drug Sensitivity Pattern of Organisms Causing Suppurative Otitis Media
Authors: Nagat M. Saeed, Mabruka S. Elashheb, Fatma M. Ben Rabaha, Aisha M Edrah
The aim of the study was to determine the type and pattern of antibiotic susceptibility of the pathogenic microorganisms causing chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), which could lead to better therapeutic decisions and consequently avoidance of appearance of resistance to specific antibiotics. Most frequently isolated agents were Pseudomonas aeruginosa 28.5%; followed by Staphylococcus aureus 18.2%; proteus mirabilis 13.9%; Providencia stuartti 6.7%; Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Aspergillus sp., candida sp., 4.2% each; and other microorganisms were represented in 3-0.2%. Drug sensitivities pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed that ciprofloxacin was active against the majority of isolates (93.9%) followed by ceftazidime 86.2%, amikacin 76.2% and gentamicin 40.8%. However, Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin 72.7%, erythromycin 28.6%, cephalothin 18.2%, cloxacillin 8.3% and ciprofloxacin was active against 96.2% of isolates. The resistance pattern of proteus mirabilis was 55.6% to ampicillin, 47.1% to carbencillin, 29.4% to cephalothin, 14.3% to gentamicin and 4.8% to amikacin while 100% were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. We conclude that ciprofloxacin is the best drug of choice in the treatment of CSOM caused by the common microorganisms.
Keywords: otitis media, chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), microorganisms, drug sensitivity
34 Phenotypical and Genotypical Assessment Techniques for Identification of Some Contagious Mastitis Pathogens
Authors: Ayman El Behiry, Rasha Nabil Zahran, Reda Tarabees, Eman Marzouk, Musaad Al-Dubaib
Mastitis is one of the most economic disease affecting dairy cows worldwide. Its classic diagnosis using bacterial culture and biochemical findings is a difficult and prolonged method. In this research, using of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) permitted identification of different microorganisms with high accuracy and rapidity (only 24 hours for microbial growth and analysis). During the application of MALDI-TOF MS, one hundred twenty strains of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species isolated from milk of cows affected by clinical and subclinical mastitis were identified, and the results were compared with those obtained by traditional methods as API and VITEK 2 Systems. 37 of totality 39 strains (~95%) of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were exactly detected by MALDI TOF MS and then confirmed by a nuc-based PCR technique, whereas accurate identification was observed in 100% (50 isolates) of the coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) and Streptococcus agalactiae (31 isolates). In brief, our results demonstrated that MALDI-TOF MS is a fast and truthful technique which has the capability to replace conventional identification of several bacterial strains usually isolated in clinical laboratories of microbiology.
Keywords: identification, mastitis pathogens, mass spectral, phenotypical
33 Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Phenolic Extracts of Endemic Plants Marrubium deserti and Ammodaucus leucotrichus from Algeria
Authors: Sifi Ibrahim, Benaddou Fatima Zohra, Yousfi Mohamed
The Marrubium deserti and Ammodaucus leucotrichus L. an Algerian endemic species, has several applications in traditional medicine for example as a remedy for asthma and diabetes, and was found to have antibacterial properties. In this work, an antioxidant and antimicrobial activities was performed on phenolic extracts of Marrubium deserti, Ammodaucus leucotrichus plants. The yield of methanol maceration of these plants is 12.4% and 20.4% respectively. The content of total polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanin in methanolic extracts, are varied between 19.52±1.88 and 59.24±3.45 mg/g gallic acid equivalent, and 2.08±0.29 to 1.46±0.39 mg/g quercetin equivalent, and 0.395 to 1.934µmol/g respectively. The total chlorophylls and carotenoids were be ranged from 0.149±0.20 to 1.537±0.20 g/ml and 1.537±0.20 to 0.149 ± 0.20 g/ml, respectively. According to DPPH and FRAP test, the values of EC50 was shows a higher activity of Marrubium deserti than Ammodaucus leucotrichus with EC50 values (DPPH) were 34.53±0.71 μg/mL and 258.60±15.67 mg/ml respectively. The TEAC values of FRAP test was a highly superior for Marrubium deserti 209.66±0.26 mg Equivalent Trolox/g dry residue than Ammodaucus leucotrichus 45.88±2.93 mg Trolox Equivalent/g dry residue. The antimicrobial activity against nine strains of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus(+), Staphylococcus aureus (-), Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi), was showed that the tested extracts are a significant antibacterial activity with inhibition zones ranging from 10 to 50 mm. the value of CMI were ranging from 0.89 to 14.29 mg/ml.
Keywords: phenolic extract, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, Marrubium deserti, Ammodaucus leucotrichus
32 Toxicological Standardization of Heavy Metals and Microbial Contamination Haematinic Herbal Formulations Marketed in India
Authors: A. V. Chandewar, Sanjay Bais
Backgound: In India, drugs of herbal origin have been used in traditional systems of medicines such as Unani and Ayurveda since ancient times. WHO limit for Escherichia coli is 101/gm cfu, for Staphylococus aureus 105/gm cfu, and for Pseudomonas aeruginosa 103/gm cfu and for Salmonella species nil cfu. WHO mentions maximum permissible limits in raw materials only for arsenic, cadmium, and lead, which amount to 1.0, 0.3, and 10 ppm, respectively. Aim: The main purpose of the investigation was to document evidence for the users, and practitioners of marketed haematinic herbal formulations. In the present study haematinic herbal formulations marketed in Yavatmal India were determined for the presence of microbial and heavy metal content. Method: The investigations were performed by using specific medias and atomic absorption spectrometry. Result: The present work indicates the presence of heavy metal contents in herbal formulations selected for study. It was found that arsenic content in formulations was below the permissible limit in all formulations. The cadmium and lead content in six formulations were above the permissible limits. Such formulations are injurious to health of patient if consumed regularly. The specific medias were used to determining the presence of Escherichia coli 4 samples, Staphylococcus aureus 3 samples, and P. aeruginosa 4 samples. The data indicated suggest that there is requirement of in process improvement to provide better quality for consumer health in order to be competitive in international markets. Summary/Conclusion: The presence of microbial and heavy metal content above WHO limits indicates that the GMP was not followed during manufacturing of herbal formulations marketed in India.
Keywords: toxicological standardization, heavy metals, microbial contamination, haematinic herbal formulations
31 Antimicrobial Activity of Some Plant Extracts against Clinical Pathogen and Candida Species
Authors: Marwan Khalil Qader, Arshad Mohammad Abdullah
Antimicrobial resistance is a major cause of significant morbidity and mortality globally. Seven plant extracts (Plantago mediastepposa, Quercusc infectoria, Punic granatum, Thymus lcotschyana, Ginger officeinals, Rhus angustifolia and Cinnamon) were collected from different regions of Kurdistan region of Iraq. These plants' extracts were dissolved in absolute ethanol and distillate water, after which they were assayed in vitro as an antimicrobial activity against Candida tropicalis, Candida albicanus, Candida dublinensis, Candida krusei and Candida glabrata also against 2 Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and 3 Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsilla pneumonia). The antimicrobial activity was determined in ethanol extracts and distilled water extracts of these plants. The ethanolic extracts of Q. infectoria showed the maximum activity against all species of Candida fungus. The minimum inhibition zone of the Punic granatum ethanol extracts was 0.2 mg/ml for all microorganisms tested. Klebsilla pneumonia was the most sensitive bacterial strain to Quercusc infectoria and Rhus angustifolia ethanol extracts. Among both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested with MIC of 0.2 mg/ml, the minimum inhibition zone of Ginger officeinals D. W. extracts was 0.2 mg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsilla pneumonia. The most sensitive bacterial strain to Thymus lcotschyana and Plantago mediastepposa D.W. extracts was S. aureus and E. coli.
Keywords: antimicrobial activity, pathogenic bacteria, plant extracts, chemical systems engineering
30 Exploratory Tests of Crude Bacteriocins from Autochthonous Lactic Acid Bacteria against Food-Borne Pathogens and Spoilage Bacteria
The aim of the present work was to test in vitro inhibition of food pathogens and spoilage bacteria by crude bacteriocins from autochthonous lactic acid bacteria. Thirty autochthonous lactic acid bacteria isolated previously, belonging to the genera: Lactobacillus, Carnobacterium, Lactococcus, Vagococcus, Streptococcus, and Pediococcus, have been screened by an agar spot test and a well diffusion assay against Gram-positive and Gram-negative harmful bacteria: Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa under conditions means to reduce lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide effect to select bacteria with high bacteriocinogenic potential. Furthermore, crude bacteriocins semiquantification and heat sensitivity to different temperatures (80, 95, 110°C, and 121°C) were performed. Another exploratory test concerning the response of St. aureus ATCC 6538 to the presence of crude bacteriocins was realized. It has been observed by the agar spot test that fifteen candidates were active toward Gram-positive targets strains. The secondary screening demonstrated an antagonistic activity oriented only against St. aureus ATCC 6538, leading to the selection of five isolates: Lm14, Lm21, Lm23, Lm24, and Lm25 with a larger inhibition zone compared to the others. The ANOVA statistical analysis reveals a small variation of repeatability: Lm21: 0.56%, Lm23: 0%, Lm25: 1.67%, Lm14: 1.88%, Lm24: 2.14%. Conversely, slight variation was reported in terms of inhibition diameters: 9.58± 0.40, 9.83± 0.46, and 10.16± 0.24 8.5 ± 0.40 10 mm for, Lm21, Lm23, Lm25, Lm14and Lm24, indicating that the observed potential showed a heterogeneous distribution (BMS = 0.383, WMS = 0.117). The repeatability coefficient calculated displayed 7.35%. As for the bacteriocins semiquantification, the five samples exhibited production amounts about 4.16 for Lm21, Lm23, Lm25 and 2.08 AU/ml for Lm14, Lm24. Concerning the sensitivity the crude bacteriocins were fully insensitive to heat inactivation, until 121°C, they preserved the same inhibition diameter. As to, kinetic of growth , the µmax showed reductions in pathogens load for Lm21, Lm23, Lm25, Lm14, Lm24 of about 42.92%, 84.12%, 88.55%, 54.95%, 29.97% in the second trails. Inversely, this pathogen growth after five hours displayed differences of 79.45%, 12.64%, 11.82%, 87.88%, 85.66% in the second trails, compared to the control. This study showed potential inhibition to the growth of this food pathogen, suggesting the possibility to improve the hygienic food quality.
Keywords: exploratory test, lactic acid bacteria, crude bacteriocins, spoilage, pathogens
29 Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Annona cherimola Mill
Authors: Arun Jyothi Bheemagani, Chakrapani Pullagummi, Anupalli Roja Rani
Exploration of the chemical constituents of the plants and pharmacological screening may provide us the basis for the development of novel agents. Plants have provided us some of the very important life saving drugs used in the modern medicine. The aim of our work was to screen the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract of leaves of Annona cherimola Mill plant from Tirumala forest, Tirupathi. It was originally called Chirimuya by the Inca people who lived where it was growing in the Andes of South America, is an edible fruit-bearing species of the genus Annona from the family Annonaceae. Annona cherimola Mill is a multipurpose tree with edible fruits and is one of the sources of the medicinal products. The antibacterial activity was measured by agar well diffusion method; the diameter of the zone of bacterial growth inhibition was measured after incubation of plates. The inhibitory effect was studied against the pathogenic bacteria (Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Antioxidant assays were also performed for the same extracts by spectrophotometric methods using known standard antioxidants as reference. The studied plant extracts were found to be very effective against the pathogenic microorganisms tested. The methanolic extract of Annona cherimola Mill from showed maximum activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and the least concentration required showing the activity was 0.5mg/ml. Phytochemical screening of the plants revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids and carbohydrates. Good presence of antioxidants was also found in the methanolic extracts.
Keywords: annona cherimola, phytochemicals, antioxidant and antibacterial activity, methanol extract
28 Microwave Sanitization of Polyester Fabrics
Authors: K. Haggag, M. Salama, H. El-Sayed
Polyester fabrics were sanitized by exposing them to vaporized water under the influence of conventional heating or microwave irradiation. Hydrogen peroxide was added the humid sanitizing environment as a disinfectant. The said sanitization process was found to be effective towards two types of bacteria, namely Escherichia coli ATCC 2666 (G –ve) and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (G +ve). The effect of the sanitization process on some of the inherent properties of polyester fabrics was monitored.
Keywords: polyester, fabric, sanitization, microwave, bacteria
27 Antimicrobial Activity of Oil Extracted from the Almonds of the Fruits of Argania spinosa in the West of Algeria (Mostaganem)
Authors: Nassima Behidj-Benyounes, Nadjiba Chebouti, Thoraya Dahmane, Amina Henni
This work examines the study of the antimicrobrial effect of oil extracted from the seeds of Argania spinosa L. (Sapotaceae) in the area of Stida (Mostaganem). This natural substance is extracted by using the Soxhlet. The antimicrobial activity of this oil is evaluated on several microorganisms. It has been tested on five bacterial strains; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The extract has been studied by using Candida albicans. It should be noted that these agents are characterized by a high frequency of contamination and pathogenicity. Through this study, we note that these microorganisms are moderately sensitive to the argan oil.
Keywords: Argania spinosa, oil, several microorganisms, almonds, antimicrobial activity
26 Evaluation of Medicinal Plants, Catunaregam spinosa, Houttuynia cordata, and Rhapis excelsa from Malaysia for Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antiviral Properties
Authors: Yik Sin Chan, Bee Ling Chuah, Wei Quan Chan, Ri Jin Cheng, Yan Hang Oon, Kong Soo Khoo, Nam Weng Sit
Traditionally, medicinal plants have been used to treat different kinds of ailments including infectious diseases. They serve as a good source of lead compounds for the development of new and safer anti-infective agents. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial potential of the leaves of three medicinal plants, namely Catunaregam spinosa (Rubiaceae; Mountain pomegranate), Houttuynia cordata (Saururaceae; "fishy-smell herb") and Rhapis excelsa (Arecaceae; "broadleaf lady palm"). The leaves extracts were obtained by sequential extraction using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and water. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were assessed using a colorimetric broth microdilution method against a panel of human pathogenic bacteria (Gram-positive: Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus; Gram-negative: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungi (yeasts: Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Cryptococcus neoformans; Moulds: Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichophyton mentagrophytes) respectively; while antiviral activity was evaluated against the Chikungunya virus on monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cells by neutral red uptake assay. All the plant extracts showed bacteriostatic activity, however, only 72% of the extracts (13/18) were found to have bactericidal activity. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were given by the hexane extract of C. spinosa against S. aureus with the values of 0.16 and 0.31 mg/mL respectively. All the extracts also possessed fungistatic activity. Only the hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of H. cordata exerted inhibitory activity against A. fumigatus, giving the lowest fungal susceptibility index of 16.7%. In contrast, only 61% of the extracts (11/18) showed fungicidal activity. The ethanol extract of R. excelsa exhibited the strongest fungicidal activity against C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and T. mentagrophytes with minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values of 0.04–0.08 mg/mL, in addition to its methanol extract against T. mentagrophytes (MFC=0.02 mg/mL). For anti-Chikungunya virus activity, only chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of R. excelsa showed significant antiviral activity with 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of 29.9 and 78.1 g/mL respectively. Extracts of R. excelsa warrant further investigations into their active principles responsible for antifungal and antiviral properties.
Keywords: bactericidal, Chikungunya virus, extraction, fungicidal
25 Olive Oils from Algeria: Phenolic Compounds Composition and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Firdaousse Laincer, Rahima Laribi, Abderazak Tamendjari, Rovellini Venturini
Phenolic compounds present in olive oil have received much attention in recent years due to their beneficial functional and nutritional effects. Phenolic composition, antibacterial activity of phenolic extracts of olive oil varieties from Algeria were investigated. The analysis of polyphenols was performed by Folin-Ciocalteu and HPLC. As a result, many phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by using HPLC; derivatives of oleuropein and ligstroside, hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, flavonoids, and lignans reporting unique and characteristic phenolic profile. These phenolic fractions also differentiate the total antibacterial activity. Among the bacteria tested, S. aureus and, to a lesser extent, B. subtilis showed the highest sensitivity; the MIC varied from 0.6 to 1.6 mg•mL-1 and 1.2 to 1.8 mg•mL-1, respectively. The results obtained denote that Algerian olive oils may constitute a good source of healthy compounds, phenolics compounds, in the diet, suggesting that their consumption could be useful in the prevention of diseases.
Keywords: antibacterial activity, olive oil, phenols, HPLC
24 In vitro Biological Activity of Some Synthesized Monoazo Heterocycles Based On Thiophene and Thiazolyl-Thiophene Analogue
Authors: Mohamed E. Khalifa, Adil A. Gobouri
Potential synthesis of a series of 3-amino-4-arylazothiophene derivatives from reaction of 2-cyano-2-phenylthiocarbamoyl acetamide and the appropriate α-halogenated reagents, followed by coupling with different aryl diazonium salts (Japp-Klingemann reaction), and another series of 5-arylazo-thiazol-2-ylcarbamoyl-thiophene derivatives from base-catalyzed intramolecular condensation of 5-arylazo-2-(N-chloroacetyl)amino-thiazole with selected B-keto compounds (Thorpe-Ziegler reaction) was performed. The biological activity of the two series was studied in vitro. Their versatility for pharmaceutical purposes was reported, where they displayed remarkable activities against selected pathogenic microorganisms; Bacillus subtilize, Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive bacteria), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram negative bacteria) and Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans (fungi) with various degrees related to their chemical structures.
Keywords: thiophene, 2-aminothiazole, compounds, antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial
23 Production and Characterization of Silver Doped Hydroxyapatite Thin Films for Biomedical Applications
Authors: C. L Popa, C.S. Ciobanu, S. L. Iconaru, P. Chapon, A. Costescu, P. Le Coustumer, D. Predoi
In this paper, the preparation and characterization of silver doped hydroxyapatite thin films and their antimicrobial activity characterized is reported. The resultant Ag: HAp films coated on commercially pure Si disks substrates were systematically characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy detector (X-EDS), Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). GDOES measurements show that a substantial Ag content has been deposited in the films. The X-EDS and GDOES spectra revealed the presence of a material composed mainly of phosphate, calcium, oxygen, hydrogen and silver. The antimicrobial efficiency of Ag:HAp thin films against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was demonstrated. Ag:HAp thin films could lead to a decrease of infections especially in the case of bone and dental implants by surface modification of implantable medical devices.
Keywords: silver, hydroxyapatite, thin films, GDOES, SEM, FTIR, antimicrobial effect
22 SFE as a Superior Technique for Extraction of Eugenol-Rich Fraction from Cinnamomum tamala Nees (Bay Leaf) - Process Analysis and Phytochemical Characterization
Authors: Sudip Ghosh, Dipanwita Roy, Dipan Chatterjee, Paramita Bhattacharjee, Satadal Das
Highest yield of eugenol-rich fractions from Cinnamomum tamala (bay leaf) leaves were obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), compared to hydro-distillation, organic solvents, liquid CO2 and subcritical CO2 extractions. Optimization of SC-CO2 extraction parameters was carried out to obtain an extract with maximum eugenol content. This was achieved using a sample size of 10 g at 55°C, 512 bar after 60 min at a flow rate of 25.0 cm3/sof gaseous CO2. This extract has the best combination of phytochemical properties such as phenolic content (1.77 mg gallic acid/g dry bay leaf), reducing power (0.80 mg BHT/g dry bay leaf), antioxidant activity (IC50 of 0.20 mg/ml) and anti-inflammatory potency (IC50 of 1.89 mg/ml). Identification of compounds in this extract was performed by GC-MS analysis and its antimicrobial potency was also evaluated. The MIC values against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were 0.5, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively.
Keywords: antimicrobial potency, Cinnamomum tamala, eugenol, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction
21 Very First Synthesis of Carbazole Conjugates with Efflux Pump Inhibitor as Dual Action Hybrids
Authors: Ghazala Yaqub, Zubi Sadiq, Almas Hamid, Saira Iqbal
This paper is the very first report of three dual action hybrids synthesized by covalent linkage of carbazole based novel antibacterial compounds with efflux pump inhibitors i.e., indole acetic acid/gallic acid. Novel carbazole based antibacterial compounds were prepared first and then these were covalently linked with efflux pump inhibitors which leads to the successful formation of hybrids. All prepared compounds were evaluated for their bacterial cell killing capability against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pasteurella multocida and Bacillus subtilis. Compound were effective against all tested bacterial strains at different concentrations. But when these compounds were linked with efflux pump inhibitors they showed dramatic enhancement in their bacterial cell killing potential and minimum inhibitory concentration of all hybrids ranges from 7.250 µg/mL to 0.0283 µg/mL.
Keywords: antimicrobial assay, carbazole, dual action hybrids, efflux pump inhibitors
20 Composition and in Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Three Eryngium L. Species
Authors: R. Mickiene, A. Friese, U. Rosler, A. Maruska, O. Ragazinskiene
This research focuses on phytochemistry and antimicrobial activities of compounds isolated and identified from three species of Eryngium. The antimicrobial activity of extracts from Eryngiumplanum L., Eryngium maritimum L., Eryngium campestre L. grown in Lithuania, were tested by the method of series dilutions, against different bacteria species: Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Staphylococcus aureus with and without antibiotic resistances, originating from livestock. The antimicrobial activity of extracts was described by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration. Preliminary results show that the minimal inhibitory concentration range between 8.0 % and 17.0 % for the different Eryngium extracts and bacterial species.The total amounts ofphenolic compounds and total amounts of flavonoids were tested in the methanolic extracts of the plants. Identification and evaluation of the phenolic compounds were performed by liquid chromatography. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.
Keywords: antimicrobial activities, Eryngium L. species, essential oils, gas chromatography mass spectrometry
19 The Antimicrobrial Effect of Alkaloids (Harmin, Harmalin) Extracted from Peganum harmala (L) Seeds in the South of Algeria (Bousaada)
Authors: Nassima Behidj-Benyounes, Thoraya Dahmene, Nadjiba Chebout
This work examines the study of the antimicrobrial effect of alkaloids extracted from the seeds of Peganum harmala L (Zygophyllaceae). This natural substance is extracted by using different solvents (aqueous, ethanolic, and hexane). The evaluation of the antimicrobial activity has only dealt with alkaloids. The antimicrobial effect of alkaloids is evaluated on several microorganisms. It has been tested on eight bacterial strains. The extract has been studied by using two yeasts. Finally, three molds have been studied. It should be noted that these agents are characterized by a high frequency of contamination and pathogenicity. Through this study, we note that Staphylococcus aureus, Saccharomyces cerievisae and E. coli are very sensitive in respect of the ethanol extract. Pseudomonas aerogenosa and Penicillium sp. are resistant to this extract. The other microorganisms are moderately sensitive. The study of the antimicrobial activity of different extracts of the Harmel has shown an optimal activity with the ethanol extract.
Keywords: Peganum harmala L., seeds, alkaloids, bacteria, fungi, yeast, antimicrobial activity
18 Evaluation of Bacterial Composition of the Aerosol of Selected Abattoirs in Akure, South Western Nigeria
Authors: Funmilola O. Omoya, Joseph O. Obameso, Titus A. Olukibiti
This study was carried out to reveal the bacterial composition of aerosol in the studied abattoirs. Bacteria isolated were characterized according to microbiological standards. Factors such as temperature and distance were considered as variable in this study. The isolation was carried out at different temperatures such as 27oC, 31oC and 29oC and at various distances of 100meters and 200meters away from the slaughter sites. Result obtained showed that strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus alimentarius and Micrococcus sp. were identified. The total viable counts showed that more microorganisms were present in the morning while the least viable count of 388 cfu was recorded in the evening period of this study. This study also showed that more microbial loads were recorded the further the distance is to the slaughter site. Conclusively, the array of bacteria isolated suggests that abattoir sites may be a potential source of pathogenic organisms to commuters if located within residential environment.
Keywords: abattoir, aerosol, bacterial composition, environment
17 Study of the Antimicrobial Activity of Aminoreductone against Pathogenic Bacteria in Comparison with Other Antibiotics
Authors: Vu Thu Trang, Lam Xuan Thanh, Samira Sarter, Tomoko Shimamura, Hiroaki Takeuchi
Antimicrobial activities of aminoreductone (AR), a product formed in the initial stage of Maillard reaction, were screened against pathogenic bacteria. A significant growth inhibition of AR against all 7 isolates (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 25923™, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC® 14028™, Bacillus cereus ATCC® 13061™, Bacillus subtilis ATCC® 11774™, Escherichia coli ATCC® 25922™, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC® 29212™, Listeria innocua ATCC® 33090™) were observed by the standard disc diffusion methods. The inhibition zone for each isolate by AR (2.5 mg) ranged from 15±0 mm to 28.3±0.4 mm in diameter. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AR ranging from 20 mM to 26 mM was proven in the seven isolates tested. AR also showed the similar effect of growth inhibition in comparison with antibiotics frequently used for the treatment of infections bacteria, such as amikacin, ciprofloxacin, meropennem, and levofloxacin. The results indicated that foods containing AR are valuable sources of bioactive compounds towards pathogenic bacteria.
Keywords: pathogenic bacteria, aminoreductone, Maillard reaction, antimicrobial activity


text:
Nightvision Launch Weekend Part 1 with Chase & Status
Fri, 19 Sep 14, 21:00 - Sat, 20 Sep 14, 03:00
City, 1a Market Street Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH1 1DE
Rep for this event
Chase & Status (DJ Set), Kove, GotSome
New club series Nightvision kicks off in the Scottish capital with the MTA crew.
Two of Scotland's biggest clubbing brands have joined forces to create a new series of events across Edinburgh, paving the way for a new era of electronic music in the Scottish capital.
House & techno brand Musika and bass heavyweights Xplicit have teamed up to launch Nightvision, a series of specially curated events that will see over 50 world renowned artists from across the whole spectrum of electronic music perform across iconic venues in the city.
For its debut night, the MTA crew descend on Edinburgh with bass bosses themselves Chase & Status, Kove & GotSome, which will see the first of many Nightvision shows take over the capital.
Event Flyer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


injection of ^ grain of curara ; fifteen days sufficed for cure.
develops in the wake of measles, whooping-cough, or other acute process.
left ventricle and by a diseased condition of the chords.
hand, and the pericardium or one of the pleurae on the other.


text:
The fate of the collection of Alexandra Pregel, aka Avxente
Alexandra Pregel.
http://www.bnphoto.org/pregel/home.htm
by Marc Masurovsky
[This is the third installment of the series on the alleged destruction of works of art at the Jeu de Paume in wartime Paris by agents of the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR).]
The Auxente/Pregel collection (tagged as AUX by the ERR) consisted largely of works of art produced by a Finnish-born Jewish artist named Alexandra Pregel whose parents were Russian and lived in Helsinki. Ms. Pregel and her parents moved to Paris to feel from Czarist Russia. There, she studied art and began to show her works as of 1932-3, according to Dr. Gauchman, one of the leading experts on Alexandra Pregel's work. She worked with such luminaries of the exiled Russian avant-garde community as Natalia Gontcharova. Her father had been a minister in the short-lived Kerensky government in 1917-1918. In his honor, she signed her works as Avxente, a contracted form of her patronymic surname, Avkensetev. The Nazis mis-transcribed her name as Auxente, which explains why her confiscated works are inventoried under that name. She took the Pregel name after marrying Boris Pregel in 1937 in Paris. He was a scientist interested in radio-activity. After her marriage, she signed her watercolors and paintings as Pregel.
The Pregels fled to New York in 1940 in advance of the German invasion of Western Europe. Their apartment which also served as Alexandra's studio at 18, rue Auguste Vacquerie, in the tony 16th arrondissement of Paris. At some point on or before April 2, 1942, the Pregel residence was visited by Nazi agents belonging to the Dienststelle Westen (DW), under Kurt von Behr's leadership, an off-shoot of the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR), the main plundering agency in territories occupied by the Nazis. The DW had been established in early 1942 for the specific purpose of emptying out Jewish-owned or controlled residences in the Paris region, and, subsidiarily, in Belgian cities, under the aegis of the so-called Möbel-Aktion.
After its seizure, the Auxente/Alexandra Pregel collection was brought to a Dienststelle Westen locale somewhere in Paris. 12 days later, on April 14, 1942, the collection was brought to the Jeu de Paume by two individuals, Mssrs. Mader and Fleischer. As far as we can tell, Herr Mader was the deputy chief of operations for the ERR in Belgium, while Herr Fleischer was the right- hand man and aide-de-camp of Bruno Lohse at the Jeu de Paume in German-occupied Paris. Mader's involvement with the Auxente collection transfer from the Dienststelle Westen to the Jeu de Paume cannot be readily explained since his main theater of operations was occupied Belgium. But it attests to the intimate links between the French and Belgian operations of the ERR. However, Fleischer's presence speaks to Bruno Lohse's interest in the seizure of Pregel's works, most probably because of her and her husband's intimate ties to the Russian emigré avant-garde circles, Jewish and non-Jewish, in Paris.
Six months later, on September 14, 1942, Frau Tomforde, one of two ERR staff members assigned to the inventorying of so-called "objectionable" or "degenerate" works stockpiled at the Jeu de Paume/Louvre complex [see Destruction of works of art, Parts one and two], signed off on the inventory of the Auxente collection. Judging by the paucity and dearth of descriptive information for more than 300 works confiscated by Ms. Pregel—ostensibly, the entire content of her studio–, Ms. Tomforde spent very little time rummaging through the dozens of portfolios containing Pregel's watercolors and other works on paper. All works by Pregel earned the "vernichtet" label. In other words, all were condemned to be destroyed. Considering the brief titles given by Tomforde to Pregel's works—still life, woman in red, landscape, etc.–, the decision to purge Pregel's oeuvre smacks of pure ideological dogma, rather than esthetic considerations. If anything, Pregel was a figurative artist. Her only sin was to be born Jewish with Russian roots.
First page of ERR inventory for AUX.
Source: Bundesarchiv, B323/266
All told, the Auxente collection consisted of close to 370 objects—paintings, including stacks of rolled-up paintings that apparently were not even looked at during the inventorying process, watercolors and other works on paper. Thematically, we can deduce, based on the very terse one or two word descriptions, that they consisted largely of landscapes, portraits, interiors and still lives. Of the 370, 40 were relegated to the art market, leaving 330 condemned to the trash heap.
In sum, the purge of the Auxente/Pregel collection was near-total (90% of Pregel's pre-war production). Oddly enough, the one work not signed by Pregel/Avxente/Auxente was a portrait of noted pacifist author, Blaise Cendrars, attributed to Modigliani (Aux 267). Why was it condemned? Not so much because a Jewish artist painted it but perhaps because of Cendrars' politics.
To add insult to injury, not a single work was photographed.
plundered art
What happened to the collection of Edouard Esmond?
The Destruction of works of art in wartime Paris-Part Two
The destruction of works of art in wartime Paris–Part One
The Holocaust Art Restitution Project, founded in 1997 with operations in Washington D.C., Oklahoma, and Europe, is a registered 501(c)3 tax exempt organization that is focused on research and advocacy in art restitution.
We exist to document cultural property losses suffered by Jewish individuals, families, and institutions between 1933 and 1945 at the hands of the National Socialists and their Fascist allies across continental Europe; to conduct historical research into the wartime and postwar fate of stolen, confiscated, misappropriated cultural property, and to advocate for restitution of such property.
If you'd like to speak with us or follow our work and activity, please contact us at the e-mail, and follow us on the various platforms below!
Write us: plunderedart@gmail.com
We rely on donations from individuals just like you, please consider donating to continue our important work and furthering the cause of justice!
© 2021 HARP. All Rights Reserved.


Angelady cross pendant necklace for women.
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What is the Gazette of India?
The Gazette of India is a public journal and an authorized legal document of the Government of India, issued weekly by the Department of Publication, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. As a public journal, the Gazette prints official notices from the government. It is unique in content, accurate and strictly in accordance with the Government policies and decisions. The Gazette is printed by the Government of India Press.
Ordinary gazettes are continuously published weekly on a particular day of the week whereas extraordinary Gazettes are published every day depending upon the urgency of the matters to be notified. The publication of gazette is executed as per the Government of India (Allocation of Business Rules) published from time to time by the Cabinet Secretariat.
The Department of Publication is lead by the Controller of Publications with the assistance of two Assistant Controllers, one Financial Officer, and an Assistant Director. The Gazette employs around 300 people under the supervision of the Ministry of Urban Development, headquartered in Nirman Bhawan, New Delhi. The controller of publication is the authorized publisher, custodian, and seller of Government of India Publications and periodicals inclusive Gazette of India and Delhi Gazette with its copyright. It manages storage, sale, and distribution of all saleable publications brought out by various Ministries/Departments. The Ministry of Urban Development began issuing an electronic version of the Gazette in 2008.
Previous Who is eligible for Ayushman Bharat Yojana?


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In a parallel circuit, each unit is directly linked to the power supply, so each system gets the exact voltage. There are 3 basic sorts of standard light switches. The circuit needs to be checked with a volt tester whatsoever points. Computer And Wiring Harness 1994 Mustang Gt. Each circuit displays a distinctive voltage condition. You are able to easily step up the voltage to the necessary level utilizing an inexpensive buck-boost transformer and steer clear of such issues. The voltage is the sum of electrical power produced by the battery. Be sure that the new fuse isn't blown, and carries the very same amperage.
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Classic, photojournalistic images to cover your event. Free of awkward faces, bad lighting, and boring scenes. The goal is to create a series of images that tell the event's visual story with an upbeat, lively feel.
The basic rate includes photographic event coverage. Edited images are delivered via google drive within 3 days, client maintains ownership of all images created.
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Clients are often asked for a wishlist, or a checklist of desired shots. Lets communicate and be prepared to capture all the important moments as they unfold. What's on your shot wishlist? Take a look at some examples below to get an idea on how to prioritize your event photography.


A solid brass Chiavari Chair hand crafted in Italy, circa 1960's. This Chiavari chair features some very exquisite, detailed metalwork which sets it above its counterparts.
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text:
const assert = require('chai').assert;
const { train, predictIssueLabels, issueSimilarities } = require('../src/classifier');

// Config
const owner = 'test';
const repo = 'test';

describe('Classifier', function() {
  describe('#train()', function () {
    it('should return training results', function () {
      let issues = require('./fixtures/issues_1.json');
      return train('labels', [owner, repo, issues, []])
      .then((results) => {
        assert.equal(results.ok, true);
        assert.equal(results.issues.total, issues.length);
      });
    });

    it('should return error complaining not enough issues', function () {
      return train('labels', [owner, repo, [], []])
      .then((results) => {
        assert.equal(results.ok, false);
        assert.equal(results.error_message, "Number of different labels provided was insufficient.");
      });
    });

  });
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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back massages....and I felt like I was in heaven.
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Please check all the pictures and you will see how fun was this event!
My friend dancer and artist Belaxis Buil with her beautiful baby girl.
you must try Cherry Noir .....it's divine!
The beautiful host Ginger Harris ..... and she looks gorgeous in pink!
It was the perfect evening to wear shorts....and you know that I love them.....I was wearing Forever 21 Top, Akiabara Lace shorts, Chloe Bag, Zara Shoes and Luminaire Materia Design Gel bracelet.
Love it! Thank you for including me, and thank you for coming!!!!
Hey cutie! Great seeing you the other day. You look great here. Wish I could hav emade it out to this event. Sometimes living in Hollywood is so hard haha.


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As per our methodology Bruce Harvey Gray is a super expert Doctor from top 5% Doctors. Other doctors are likely to choose this doctor for their own personal care.
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Christians esteem humility as the highest of human virtues, considered to be a lofty ideal, like a queen virtue. But if humility is an ideal to be lived, why do we spurn being humiliated? What is our response to a situation of humiliation?
Last August 16, 2016, we were invited by the DENR to present our case opposing a known company operating within the Upper Marikina Water Basin Reservation, and another well-known developer constructing a subdivision in the same place (along Infanta-Marikina Highway, Brgy. Pinugay, Baras/Antipolo). This was one of several meetings we had with DENR officials. This time they have invited the company in question to face us. At one point of the discussion, the lady President of the mining company stood up and faced us (stockholders and complainants), and begun to lambast and to castigate especially two of us priests, Fr. Jovar Vergara and myself. She rebuked us of our involvement to stop their quarrying, saying they have the legal right to do so, and that we have destroyed the name of their company. She added that it is a shame for us to distribute Holy Communion during the mass, and warned us at the same time that "kung ano man ang mangyari sa kapatid ko" (the older sister is said to have cancer) may pananagutan kayo..!" Our lead counsel, Atty. Chris Monsod was present to witness the show of arrogance.
Fr. Jovar and I humbly accepted those reviling words in the midst of a conference room packed with government officials and stockholders like us. What was our response to such public humiliation? We were calm and unperturbed in the midst of the deafening silence. I signaled to Fr. Jovar not to rebut, though I must admit I was perspiring amidst a freezing room. In our hearts we knew the truth of what we were doing and westood firm on our commitment to environmental justice.
How do we relate the experience of being humiliated to Humility? Is that the kind of experience within the concept of a virtue? To the modern mind it is contrary to the natural disposition of man. But history will show that Jesus silently endured the physical, mental and moral affront of his enemies. Matmaha Gandhi demonstrated the ironic silence of non-violence (words or physical resistance).
Humility may require of us acts of passivity or self-limitation in response even to the basest affronts, degrading or shameful acts to which the most the most natural reaction of any "self-respecting person" would be to fight back and feel justified in doing so.
The virtue of humility may be said to have lost much of its religious or philosophical basis, but it remains silently active in the heart of our moral life. For it iswritten: ". . . humble yourself in the sight of the Lord, and he will lift you up" (James 4:10).


We are proud of delivering rapidly as well as consistenting quality of our adhesive, Glue Pellet, Glue Gun, Cyanoacrylate, SuperDots and ATG Tape. We're a long-termed business to the market and have a well-established reputation for honesty and integrity. We also get ISO9001:2008.


text:
Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic
Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent: Introduction
Summary Overview: Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent
Types of Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent
Symptoms of Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent
Diagnostic Tests for Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent
Home Diagnostic Testing for Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent
Signs of Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent
Misdiagnosis of Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent
Causes of Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent
Treatments for Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent
Doctors and Medical Specialists for Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent
Videos related to Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent
Hospital Statistics for Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent
Glossary for Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent
Diseases » Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent » Summary
What is Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent?
Other names for Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent
What causes Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent?
What are the symptoms of Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent?
Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Zuclopenthixol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
Types of Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent:
Broader types of Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent:
Pregnancy-related conditions
Teratogen-related conditions
Drug-related conditions
more types...»
Causes of Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent: see causes of Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent
Symptoms of Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent: see symptoms of Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent
Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent: Testing
Diagnostic testing: see tests for Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent.
Misdiagnosis: see misdiagnosis and Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent.
Treatments for Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent: see treatments for Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent
Name and Aliases of Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent
Main name of condition: Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent
Other names or spellings for Zuclopenthixol -- Teratogenic Agent:
Teratogenic Agent [Zuclopenthixol], Zuclopenthixol [fetal exposure], Fetal exposure to Zuclopenthixol, Fetal malformations due to Zuclopenthixol, Teratogenic Medications [Zuclopenthixol]
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text:
Security of open-source software again being scrutinized
Ellen Messmer (Network World) 13 March, 2013 14:18
A recent round of flaws discovered in open-source software has reignited concerns that security is getting bypassed in the rush to continue expanding the large and extremely popular code base used by millions.
For instance, although the Java-based Spring Framework was criticized by security researchers in January as having a major flaw that allowed remote-code execution by attackers against applications built with it, the updates to Spring this week don't address this security problem.
"Unfortunately, this is the way a lot of open source vulnerabilities go," said Jeff Williams, CEO at Aspect Security, which pointed out two months ago that the "expression-language" feature in Spring should be disabled until the issue related to potential remote code execution is remediated. But the updates to Spring out this week don't address this problem, though they do expand Spring functionality. Spring Framework is managed under SpringSource, a division of VMware.
[ IN PICTURES: The 10 Most Successful Open-Source Projects of 2012 ]
"They are busy with actual functional stuff and so their incentives are always to minimize the importance of security issues," said Williams.
However, other researchers counter that the focus on security varies considerably across free or open-source software communities and many of them, in fact, do a good job in addressing security issues.
"It's handled very different between open-source projects," said Vincent Berg, researcher at security firm IOActive. "There are projects that have a very active approach to it. The big Linux distributions and the different BSD flavors tend to do a pretty good job." The Ruby on Rails Web application software project also recently moved quickly to make needed updates for security purposes, Berg said.
He says his impression is that better handling of security issues in open source seems to come from those that provide users with mailing lists about security which users are advised to subscribe to, and "most of these distributions have dedicated security contacts."
"These contacts can generally be reached by a dedicated security mailing list, which tends to be non-public," he said. After analysis, there's an effort to reach agreement on whether there's a security-related issue and fix it.
Berg also says projects like Debian and most other big Linux distributions and FreeBSD seem to usually report bugs that are reported to them to "upstream package maintainers."
"Say someone reports a bug in Firefox not to the Firefox people but to the Debian people then the Debian people will handle it as their first point of contact but they will loop in the Firefox folks to determine a joint approach," said Berg.
"A project like Firefox uses their standard bugzilla bugtracker and I've got personal experience with reporting security bugs to them," he said. "They tend to be really fast in responding to a bug report (security bugs will be marked private as default so that only the reporter and the security team can view it)" before delivering the bug fix.
There have been plenty of serious security issues with Firefox products over the years, according to the recent study entitled "25 Years of Vulnerabilities" done by security firm Sourcefire, which analyzed both open-source and proprietary vulnerabilities reported to two public databases. The Mozilla Firefox browser stood out as having the largest number of high-severity vulnerabilities, second only to Microsoft Windows XP [see graphic].
Firefox had 433 vulnerabilities rated high severity and critical based on the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) database and the second source, the National Vulnerability Database from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. High-severity vulnerabilities mean attackers can potentially fully compromise the user's machine. And in general, three Mozilla products earned the dubious distinction of making the Sourcefire report's list for "Top 10 Products with Critical Severity Vulnerabilities."
"In fact, the top three spots for critical vulnerabilities are held by products from Mozilla," the Sourcefire report states. The Sourcefire report also indicated that in comparing Linux to Windows or the Mac OS in terms of products, Linux scores at 1,752 vulnerabilities in comparison to 1,114 for Windows and 827 for the Mac OS versions.
As with proprietary software, there are plenty of serious vulnerabilities to be discovered. In open source, according to some researchers, the bigger problem is that there is now a widespread use of flawed open-source code. And some say it's often way too hard to even find out what the security issues are.
Ryan Berg, chief security officer at Sonatype, said it's not just serious problems like the severity of the Spring Framework "expression-language" flaw that are of deep concern.
"To me, the bigger issue is it's extremely difficult to ascertain the security of open-source components," he says. "We're seeing an unprecedented amount of usage of flawed open-source software."
Sonatype is a company that provides component lifecycle management products, and it also operates the Central Repository for open-source components. It houses more than 400,000 components, serving up more than 5 billion requests per year for 60,000 organizations.
The open-source community needs to make it simpler and more transparent to report issues and publish findings about security in a way that's more discernible, says Sonatype's Berg.
"We get the CVE feeds, but there are unreported issues," he says, noting that the dark side is that vulnerabilities are being discovered but remain generally unknown. But the demand for open source is so strong that developers just keep downloading and downloading it, and it's become a vital part of enterprise code development and commercial products as well.
Downloading flawed open-source code brings with it "issues from a legal perspective," says Rami Sass, CEO of WhiteSource Software, a company that offers open-source lifecycle management software used by vendors and enterprises to track their usage of open-source libraries and legal status to adhere to internal corporate policy.
While the emphasis at WhiteSource is primarily on tracking open-source libraries and legal issues rather than purely technical aspects of security, Sass says he thinks "there's a special exposure" that comes with open source because hackers can look at it to hook into vulnerabilities. He also notes that it's commonplace for companies to develop and sell commercial software using open-source libraries and many of those libraries become out of date but aren't monitored for that.
A common problem is that companies, both vendors and enterprise, lose track of what they're even using in terms of open-source code, Sass says. But there's now a pushback among some businesses to press vendors to disclose their open-source usage. For example, "banks and insurance companies are already introducing clauses with vendors to provide them with a full list of open-source and the indemnification."
IOActive's Berg says his firm also sees its customers frequently taking up the open-source security question.
"The advice I tend to give IOActive's customers, where we deal with this issue regularly, is that before using any new external [free or open-source] component, the company has to do an extensive analysis of the component to answer some questions. What is the quality of the code? Does the project respond to upstream bugfixes and issues quickly? Do they have dedicated security contacts?"
Depending on the analysis in any given situation and the license the component was released under, the company anticipating use of open-source code may decide "to simply fork the software and maintain a separate fork internally," says IOActive's Berg. "This gives one the benefit of not having to disclose security issues to the upstream package authors," which may be "preferable" from the company's point of view.
This, however, may well be considered "bad form" by both companies and the open-source people working on the code because open-source communities prefer companies using open source to report back on serious issues that crop up, he adds.
Use of free and open-source code for either corporate-rolled or vendor-made products does bring the risk and responsibility that "one has to keep track of outside security issues and back port them to the version of the library that the company is using," IOActive's Berg notes. "If the libraries move too far apart, this is an extra burden on the company." In any event, he says, playing "closely and openly" with the free and open-source community is needed.
Ellen Messmer is senior editor at Network World, an IDG publication and website, where she covers news and technology trends related to information security. Twitter: @MessmerE. Email: emessmer@nww.com.
Read more about wide area network in Network World's Wide Area Network section.
Tags Linuxoperating systemssoftwaremozillaopen source securitySpring Framework


Located in the heart of the Americas, Panama serves as an airline hub for connections to any part of the world. Daily direct flights from Latin America, USA and Europe.
Panama has the Us Dollar as a currency. It is the most stable economy in Latin America.
It is a safe, stable and friendly country of four million inhabitants and 75.517 square kilometers. English is the second language.
USA TAX exempt for Meetings & Conventions. Your meeting is also IRS tax exempt. A new convention center will be opening soon.
Panama has a first world Infrastructure, with high -speed internet, wide variety of hotel and event venues, medical care, a banking district. Even the tap water is safe to drink which is a rarity in Latin America.
Panama has accessible rainforests for nature and cultural activities, opportunity to meet and learn the ancients' indigenous culture and biodiversity.
The Panama Canal one hundred years after the opening, continues to bring in immigrants of different ethnicities whose food dominate Panama City culinary scene, a new Panamanian cuisine emerging.
Panama was born Globalized. The Panamanian people "globalized" peaceful, Friendly and Fun Loving. As historical crossroads, Panama is home to immigrants from everywhere.
Panama Ten Top Activities: Panama Canal, 2. Casco Antiguo walking Tour, 3. Panama Rainforest Arial tram, 4. Gatun lake Adventure, 5. Embera´s indigenous encounter, 6. Chagres river rafting, 7. Exploring the Pearl Islands. 8. San Blas Islands, 9. Canopy Adventure, 10. Interoceanic train.
Through its Strategic Partner Programme Ovation Global DMC is pleased to work with Experience Panama. Lead by industry veteran Ana Royo, the energetic and creative team at Experience Panama is devoted to meeting and exceeding customer needs and expectations by offering dynamic services and customising programmes to showcase the beauty, culture, history and nature that Panama boasts.
Take a look at our sample meeting and incentive programmes in Panama to find out how you can make the most of your trip to Panama.


text:
The 2012–13 Irapuato season is the 18th professional season of Mexico's Promotion league. The season is split into two tournaments—the Torneo Apertura and the Torneo Clausura—each with identical formats and each contested by the same fifteen teams. Irapuato began their season in a 0-0 draw on July 20, 2012 against Tecos, Irapuato play their homes games in the Estadio Sergio León Chávez.

Torneo Apertura 2012

Squad

 (Captain)
 (Vice Captain)

Regular season

Apertura 2012 results

Goalscorers

Results

Results summary

Copa MX

Group stage

Apertura results

Goalscorers

Transfers

In

Out

Torneo Clausura 2013

Squad

Regular season

Clausura 2013 results

Copa MX

Group 3

Matches

Transfers

In

References

Ascenso MX seasons
Mexican football clubs 2012–13 season

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
slug: harper-ryan
last_name: Harper
first_name: Ryan
---
**Ryan Harper** is a Ph.D candidate in Princeton University's Department of Religion. He teaches at Swarthmore College.


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Unless you are looking for this place, you will never find it by coincidence. A wooden door in the middle of Chinatown leads you into one of the coolest bars in London. Or so they say.
We expected a lot more from this hyped place.
The bar has two floors which were both very crowded and there is limited seating so that it is very likely that you will end up standing and shouting in each other's ears because the music is too loud. However, we liked the choice of music which is a mixture of current and jazz music.
We tried to reserve a table three times before going there, yet they never got back to us. Maybe it is just a matter of luck. But we would advise you to make a reservation as this is a popular spot in the city centre.
The menu offers sensational drinks, with ingredients like egg white and …. . Given that the drinks are so extraordinary it did not take long for the bartender to serve us.
We tried out 'Kota Ternate' and 'Requiem for a drink'. Both achieved to be very experimental, however, it was not our taste of cocktails because we felt the ingredients did not go well together. I thought 'Kota Ternate' tasted a bit like medicine. But if you like strong drinks, this is the right address for you.
Also, prices are quite reasonable around £11 for such special cocktails.
The crowd was young people in their late twenties to early thirties and there were some very handsome men.


"Nine House Republicans Wednesday called for a probe of a United Nations agency that monitors climate change, citing reports of mismanagement.
Members of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, led by the panel's ranking Republican, Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (Fla.), asked the Governmental Accountability Office (GAO) to launch an inquiry into the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). An audit has shown that a WMO official misappropriated $3 million to finance a "money-for-votes scheme" before fleeing.
Noting that the U.S. has given more than $115 million to the agency, the Republican lawmakers say GAO should examine whether any part of the American contribution was among the misappropriated funds.
In addition, the GOP lawmakers called on the congressional watchdog to conduct a more thorough investigation of WMO — an audit of the audit, in effect — noting that a U.N. auditor looking into the situation had "reportedly been dismissed," alleging she was prevented from fully examining the agency."


Faced with an impossible choice, Jimmy (Henry LeBlanc) must decide whether to restore his own debauched lifestyle or prevent the murder of his uncle (Al Rossi), who is far from innocent. After helping his uncle get a job, Jimmy's life is turned upside down by his vengeful cousin, Andrew (Steve Wilcox). Jimmy is subsequently forced into a face-off with Andrew that measures his ability to survive without losing his compassion.


While roaming the aisles of Artist Alley at Wizard World, Josh C. Lyman's work caught my attention. I stopped to further inspect his creations and I love what I saw.
He does some interesting takes on subjects. One (or two, if you count the updated revisit of the first) is BatJack, a sort of combination of Jack Skellington and Batman. He's done other crossovers or mashups, such as Casper and Stewie in unlikely settings.
These pieces are so clever. Most artists draw their subjects either as close to originals as possible or in their unique style. Switching things by combining worlds is quite an unusual take and one that works so well for Josh.
Josh's website starts off with a simple quote. "I draw stuff...and I post it here." The rest of the site is filled with thumbnails of many of his creations, with short thoughts on them. Be prepared to spend some time there, because there are a lot of beautiful creations in his gallery.
You can check out all of his work on TheArtOfJoshLyman.tumblr.com. You can also follow The Art of Josh Lyman on Facebook and Josh C. Lyman on twitter.
Josh Lyman and me in Rosemont, IL-August 2017.


Adoption & Identity Trauma Healing.
Your body's wisdom goes far beyond anything that can be currently explained.
Upcoming Adoption Trauma Healing weekend in Cork.
13th & 14th April, 2019.
Family Constellations day in Tuamgraney, Co. Clare.


Law & Order: Criminal Intent - what time is it on TV? Episode 10 Series 8 cast list and preview.
Nichols and Wheeler investigate the murder of a famous socialite, who had enraged her celebrity chef boyfriend by failing to respond to his offer of marriage. The detectives discover large amounts of clothing in her home given to her by a club owner and former rapper, and interview a man who would sit alone at the bar the victim frequented and intently watch anyone who got close to her. Crime drama, guest starring Liam Aiken and Anthony `Treach' Criss.


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Johannes Henricus Bernardus Kemperman (July 16, 1924 – June 13, 2011) was a Dutch mathematician. He taught at the University of Rochester for 25 years, and also worked at Purdue University and Rutgers University for ten years, each.

Born in Amsterdam, he received his education from the University of Amsterdam.

Selected publications

References

External links

1924 births
2011 deaths
Dutch mathematicians
University of Amsterdam alumni
Purdue University faculty
University of Rochester faculty
Rutgers University faculty
Dutch expatriates in the United States
Scientists from Amsterdam


text:
Amherst fence company to pay $50,000 in restitution to bilked customers
By Maki Becker|Published Wed, Jan 3, 2018 |Updated Tue, Jan 8, 2019
Classic Fence and Lumber, Inc. and its owner Fred DeNormand have reached a settlement with state Attorney General Eric T. Schneiderman's Office to pay $50,000 in restitution to customers and $5,000 more in penalties, the AG's Office announced Wednesday.
The AG's investigation identified 22 customers who paid Classic Fence deposits ranging from $425 to $8,359 but never got their fences. In one case, a job was only partially completed. In addition, investigators found that Classic Fence wasn't using home improvement contracts that complied with New York General Business Law.
The AG's Office filed a lawsuit and to resolve it, DeNormand was required to sell a property he owns and hold all the proceeds of the sale in escrow until he has paid all of the restitution.
"Consumers who pay for a good or service should receive it," Schneiderman said. "This settlement will ensure that New Yorkers get their hard earned money back, while barring this scammer from the home improvement business."
Consumers who have not already filed a complaint with the AG's Office and believe they paid Classic Fence for products and services that they did not receive should call 716-853-8404 or file an online complaint by Feb. 26.
Maki Becker – Maki Becker has been a staff reporter at The Buffalo News since 2005. Before that, she worked at the New York Daily News and the Charlotte Observer.


CAIRO - 23 June 2018: Egyptian Liverpool winger, Mohamed Salah, was awarded an honorary citizenship from Chechnya's government at a farewell banquet held for the Egyptian Football Association and the national team.
There are no matches at the World Cup in Chechnya, but the Egyptian national team is based in Grozny, the capital of Chechnya.
The Egyptian national team bid farewell to the most important football tournament after it lost the first two matches; the first was against Uruguay which ended by Egypt's loss 1-0 with a goal in the last minutes of the game, while in the second match the Egyptians lost 3-1 with the participation of Salah.
Egypt will face Saudi Arabia next Monday, the team which also failed to qualify to the next round after it lost from Uruguay and Russia, as well.