Will I need an Accident Attorney?
If you are involved in an accident because of someone's negligence, you are entitled to secure compensation in a civil court or through out-of-court negotiations. Compensation is provided for the costs associated with the accident: lost wages, medical treatment, pain and suffering, psychological stress and property damage. The inclusion of an accident attorney will bolster your ability to secure a settlement.
Because of the costs associated with legal aid and fling a case, if you can settle your case out of court, you should do so. However, if the aggressor party (the party responsible for the accident) denies fault and challenges your claim, you should discuss your matter with an accident attorney.
Accident attorneys are legal professionals who practice within the field of personal injury law. These legal professionals are experienced with filing claims and proving negligence through an evaluation of the cases and testimonials present in the matter. The ability to determine fault represents the crux of the case; to secure compensation the victim must prove that the aggressor's negligent action caused the accident and the subsequent opportunity costs.
If you have been involved in an accident of any kind because of someone's negligent behavior, you should immediately contact an accident attorney. Although, a number of accident suits are settled out of court, accident attorneys will offer free consultations to illuminate the issues surrounding your claim.
•	After receiving treatment or securing a diagnosis, you must file a police report with your local law enforcement agency. Gather the names, addresses and telephone numbers of all witnesses who saw the accident unfold. When talking to police, stick to the facts; never waver from your conviction.
•	Maintain all records concerning medical visits, diagnoses and treatments. Keep a record of the costs associated with treatment or rehabilitation.
•	If insurance companies are involved in the suit relay all above information to the agencies.
•	Understand your state and jurisdiction's statute of limitations regarding the filing of an accident lawsuit; regulations and provisions surrounding the filing of accident suits will vary by state.
Accident attorneys practice under the broad legal scope of personal injury law. Because an individual can be injured in an assortment of ways, you should hire a specialist, meaning a legal professional who specializes in the laws surrounding your injury. For instance, if you were injured by a consumer product, you should hire a consumer product attorney; if you were injured in a car accident, you should hire a car accident attorney and so forth. Hiring a specialist will bring great efficacy to your filing; matching a legal professional's specialty with the specifics surrounding your case will ensure the delivery of an effective filing.
To find accident attorneys in your area you must use all available resources, including the Internet, referrals, rating agencies and your state's Bar Association.
To begin your search for accident attorneys in your area, compile a list of all licensed and listed legal professionals by performing Internet searches. Internet searches allow you to compile a list of legal representatives aligned with accident law within your geographic location. Once you have amassed a handful of prospective accident attorneys, you must cross-reference each individual with your state's BAR association and their respective firm's website. These online profiles will illuminate the attorney's educational background, achievements, past cases and years of practice.
After the above steps are fulfilled, you will have a better understanding for the types of accident attorneys in your area. Aside from these steps, you should also seek the advice of friends and family who have faced similar legal situations.
Similar to the majority of civil law professionals, an accident attorney will operate under a contingency platform. This means that the accident attorney's pay is contingent on the outcome of the suit—accident attorneys are only paid from the funds in a settlement. Accident attorney s will not be paid unless a settlement is won.
If a settlement is secured, your accident attorney will charge a percentage of the funds latent. The percentage charged will vary depending on the following variables: the type of personal injury law, your location, the reputability and experience of your accident attorney and the amount received in the settlement. The fees associated with a contingency model may range from 30 to 50 percent. In addition to the lawyer's fees, you are also required to pay the court for hearing the personal accident suit.
•	What are the odds of securing a favorable settlement?
•	Can I file a suit if I accepted a settlement from the accused party's insurance company before I hired you?
•	The insurance company has already filed a claim; why do I need to hire an accident attorney?
•	Is the other party's insurance company entitled to look at my personal information and medical records without my permission? Should I let these entities have access to my records?
Those who have been involved in an accident where there have been injuries should seek out an accident attorney. Accident attorneys will work for accident victims who have been injured in car accidents, accidents in the workplace, or boat accidents and others. The boat accident attorney may represent someone who has been injured in their own boat or the small boat of someone else as well as those who have been injured on cruise ships, same concept applies for car accidents.
Generally, accident attorneys will only seek out damages from those who are at fault and will only take a case if someone else is clearly at fault who can pay the damages. Most of the time, the adversaries of accident attorneys are insurance companies that do not want to pay out. A good accident attorney will get an insurance company to pay out more than they would normally be advised to do so from their insurance company.
An accident attorney is one that will be able to fight for anyone who has been injured in any type of accident. An accident attorney will also know a good settlement when one is offered and will be prepared to go to trial should the insurance company not come up with a good settlement. Boat accident attorneys are not only attorneys but litigators as well.


text:
Q: Limit question multivariable analysis Let f be a map from $\mathbb{R}^2$ to $\mathbb{R}^2$ be defined as $f(x,y)=(x^2,y^2)$ let T from  $\mathbb{R}^2$ to  $\mathbb{R}^2$ be the map $T(x,y)=(2x,4y)$ then to show that f is differentiable at $(1,2)$ with derivative T, the following change of variables is made:
$$\lim_{(x,y) \rightarrow (1,2)}\frac{\|f(x,y)-f(1,2)-T((x,y)-(1,2))\|}{\|(x,y)-(1,2)\|}$$
Set $(x,y)=(1,2)+(a,b)$ we have the above expression is equal to
$$\lim_{(a,b) \rightarrow (0,0)}\frac{\|f(1+a,2+b)-f(1,2)-T((a,b)\|}{\|(a,b)\|}$$
The question I have is – why are we allowed to make the substitution?  How can we be sure that the two expressions are equal? Can this be generalized? What lemma or Theorem is involved with regards to this substitution and equality?  I'm trying to understand this at a formal level, rather than on an intuitive one.

A: Asserting that$$\lim_{(x,y)\to(1,2)}\frac{\left\lVert f(x,y)-f(1,2)-T\bigl((x,y)-(1,2)\bigr)\right\rVert}{\bigl\lVert(x,y)-(1,2)\bigr\rVert}=0$$is equivalent to$$(\forall\varepsilon>0)(\exists\delta>0):\sqrt{(x-1)^2+(y-2)^2}<\delta\implies\frac{\left\lVert f(x,y)-f(1,2)-T\bigl((x,y)-(1,2)\bigr)\right\rVert}{\bigl\lVert(x,y)-(1,2)\bigr\rVert}<\varepsilon.\tag1$$And asserting that$$\lim_{(a,b)\to(0,0)}\frac{\bigl\lVert f(1+a,2+b)-f(1,2)-T(a,b)\bigr\rvert}{\bigl\lVert(a,b)\bigr\rVert}=0$$is equivalent to$$(\forall\varepsilon>0)(\exists\delta>0):\sqrt{a^2+b^2}<\delta\implies\frac{\left\lVert f(1+a,2+b)-f(1,2)-T(a,b)\right\rVert}{\bigl\lVert(a,b)\bigr\rVert}<\varepsilon.\tag2$$It is clear that $(1)$ and $(2)$ are equivalent: for each $\varepsilon>0$, any $\delta$ that works for $(1)$ also works for $(2)$ and vice-versa.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
This is a list of United States Air Force air refueling squadrons.

Air refueling squadrons

See also
List of United States Air Force squadrons

Air Refueling

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Written By: Conor C. and Logan W.
Today I got an assignment from my social studies teacher to find a very important news article based in our local area. I looked through many newspapers and websites, I found a very interesting article in a copy of an old newspaper about a man convicted of manslaughter and cannibalism of three families, he received the death penalty, soon escaping prison never to be found.
The article was much longer but was drawn over everything describing the culprit. I searched for two study halls trying to find any more information about this article, it was hard considering it was from 1957. I found nothing. I accidentally clicked pictures to find a very disturbing picture of a large grey-haired man eating the arm of a human being.
I searched the same thing today to show my friends and nothing showed up, kind of creepy right? Sunday i had a dream that I was being chased by the man I saw in the picture.
After my friends left i refreshed the page to find another picture of the same man staring with red almost purple bloodshot eyes, suddenly I felt nauseous and had a sharp migraine, everything became blurry and it felt as if time slew down. My teacher noticed me and called the nurse in immediately, the teacher took my laptop.
Suddenly after I finished reading the document my computer shut down. Erasing the file with the letter in it.
This week has been horrible, I haven't gotten any sleep because I was so freaked out. One time I looked out my window to find a large man looking up at me.
I got my parents to come and see, but the man vanished. My grades have been falling in school, I almost have a C- in every class. I had a nightmare last night that I was sent to a Psych Ward.
Ever since that nightmare I have had recurring seizures and I have been sent to the hospital twice for fear of insanity.
Well, my nightmare came true. I was sent to the Psych Ward for insanity watch. I have no idea but every time I see the man next door, I have large cases of Deja vu.
I awoke to banging on my door, from the man in the next room over. I will die soon, Goodbye.


text:
A487 Improvements – Abererch to Llanystundwy
Client: Gwynedd Council Highways & Transportation Department
Contractor: Mowelm plc
Value: £17,000,000
Completion: April 2006
The A497 is one of the busiest and most important County roads in Gwynedd, it links the Llyn Peninsula with the trunk road network.
The road improvement scheme was required to improve safety for vehicles and pedestrians and ease traffic congestion. The section of the A497 road was generally narrow in width, with a tortuous alignment throughout its length and poor visibility. The combination of a lack of overtaking opportunities and high summer traffic flows frequently created congestion, and the potential for accidents to occur and pedestrian/vehicle conflict.
Three new bridges, two river culverts and two flood relief culverts were constructed as part of the scheme. Steel reinforced concrete bridges were constructed at Afon Erch, Afon Ddu (at Glan Morfa) and Afon Wen, with the foundations of the abutments consisting of steel reinforced concrete bored piles. The piles were bored down to the top of the bedrock, which was found at depths of approximately 19 metres below sea level.
As part of the scheme, a new community route was provided for pedestrians and cyclists. The new community route is on the old A497 road from Abererch to Hafan y Mor to Pen-y-Groes, in Llanystumdwy it runs alongside the new A497 road.
The improvement involved the construction of a 7.3 metre wide single carriageway with 0.5 metre hard strips and 2.0 metre verges over a distance of 6.5 kilometres (4.04 miles).
Traditional field boundaries for the area are cloddiau and stone walls. Approximately 5km of cloddiau with native species hedges on top have been built along much of the new highway boundary to immediately assimilate the new road into the landscape, and approximately 4.5km of native species hedges have been planted along part of the new highway boundary to provide wildlife habitat, visual and noise screening. All topsoil removed was stored locally and reused in the verges and landscaping areas.
Wildlife surveys identified a variety of protected species such as otters, badgers, water voles and several different species of bats along the route corridor. Wildlife-proof fences were
erected as protection mitigation where required, and tunnels constructed along known wildlife paths to ensure that safe access was maintained to foraging grounds existing both sides of the road. Removal of trees and hedges were carried out before or after bird nesting season and bat hibernation seasons to ensure minimum disturbance.
An independent auditing body, 'Considerate Constructors', assessed the projects performance in terms of consideration, environment awareness, cleanliness, good neighbour, respect, safety, responsibility and accountability throughout the construction phase. In March 2006, the A497 improvement won a Gold Award from the Considerate Constructor Scheme.
nôl i portffolio / back to portfolio

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
// <copyright file="TJPixelFormat.cs" company="Autonomic Systems, Quamotion">
// Copyright (c) Autonomic Systems. All rights reserved.
// Copyright (c) Quamotion. All rights reserved.
// </copyright>

namespace TurboJpegWrapper
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Pixel formats.
    /// </summary>
    public enum TJPixelFormat
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// RGB pixel format.  The red, green, and blue components in the image are
        /// stored in 3-byte pixels in the order R, G, B from lowest to highest byte
        /// address within each pixel.
        /// </summary>
        RGB = 0,

        /// <summary>
        /// BGR pixel format.  The red, green, and blue components in the image are
        /// stored in 3-byte pixels in the order B, G, R from lowest to highest byte
        /// address within each pixel.
        /// </summary>
        BGR,

        /// <summary>
        /// RGBX pixel format.  The red, green, and blue components in the image are
        /// stored in 4-byte pixels in the order R, G, B from lowest to highest byte
        /// address within each pixel.  The X component is ignored when compressing
        /// and undefined when decompressing.
        /// </summary>
        RGBX,

        /// <summary>
        /// BGRX pixel format.  The red, green, and blue components in the image are
        /// stored in 4-byte pixels in the order B, G, R from lowest to highest byte
        /// address within each pixel.  The X component is ignored when compressing
        /// and undefined when decompressing.
        ///  </summary>
        BGRX,

        /// <summary>
        /// XBGR pixel format.  The red, green, and blue components in the image are
        /// stored in 4-byte pixels in the order R, G, B from highest to lowest byte
        /// address within each pixel.  The X component is ignored when compressing
        /// and undefined when decompressing.
        /// </summary>
        XBGR,

        /// <summary>
        /// XRGB pixel format.  The red, green, and blue components in the image are
        /// stored in 4-byte pixels in the order B, G, R from highest to lowest byte
        /// address within each pixel.  The X component is ignored when compressing
        /// and undefined when decompressing.
        /// </summary>
        XRGB,

        /// <summary>
        /// Grayscale pixel format.  Each 1-byte pixel represents a luminance
        /// (brightness) level from 0 to 255.
        /// </summary>
        Gray,

        /// <summary>
        /// RGBA pixel format.  This is the same as <see cref="RGBX"/>, except that when
        /// decompressing, the X component is guaranteed to be 0xFF, which can be
        /// interpreted as an opaque alpha channel.
        /// </summary>
        RGBA,

        /// <summary>
        /// BGRA pixel format.  This is the same as <see cref="BGRX"/>, except that when
        /// decompressing, the X component is guaranteed to be 0xFF, which can be
        /// interpreted as an opaque alpha channel.
        /// </summary>
        BGRA,

        /// <summary>
        /// ABGR pixel format.  This is the same as <see cref="XBGR"/>, except that when
        /// decompressing, the X component is guaranteed to be 0xFF, which can be
        /// interpreted as an opaque alpha channel.
        /// </summary>
        ABGR,

        /// <summary>
        /// ARGB pixel format.  This is the same as <see cref="XRGB"/>, except that when
        /// decompressing, the X component is guaranteed to be 0xFF, which can be
        /// interpreted as an opaque alpha channel.
        /// </summary>
        ARGB,

        /// <summary>
        /// CMYK pixel format.  Unlike RGB, which is an additive color model used
        /// primarily for display, CMYK (Cyan/Magenta/Yellow/Key) is a subtractive
        /// color model used primarily for printing.  In the CMYK color model, the
        /// value of each color component typically corresponds to an amount of cyan,
        /// magenta, yellow, or black ink that is applied to a white background.  In
        /// order to convert between CMYK and RGB, it is necessary to use a color
        /// management system (CMS.)  A CMS will attempt to map colors within the
        /// printer's gamut to perceptually similar colors in the display's gamut and
        /// vice versa, but the mapping is typically not 1:1 or reversible, nor can it
        /// be defined with a simple formula.  Thus, such a conversion is out of scope
        /// for a codec library.  However, the TurboJPEG API allows for compressing
        /// CMYK pixels into a YCCK JPEG image (see #TJCS_YCCK) and decompressing YCCK
        /// JPEG images into CMYK pixels.
        /// </summary>
        CMYK,
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Change font size I trying to change the size of the eurm font in a paper by defining it like this:
\font\twelveeurm=eurm12 \font\eleveneurm=eurm11 \font\teneurm=eurm10 \font\nineeurm=eurm9
\font\eighteurm=eurm8 \font\seveneurm=eurm7 \font\fiveeurm=eurm5 \newfam\eurmfam
\textfont\eurmfam=\teneurm \scriptfont\eurmfam=\nineeurm \scriptscriptfont\eurmfam=\fiveeurm
\def\eurm#1{{\fam\eurmfam\relax#1}}

I am using the packages euler, amsmath, amsthm, amssymb, showlabels in the preamble. One character has been defined:
\def\g{\text{{\twelveeurm g}}}

I keep getting these error messages:
\twelveeurm=eurm12 not loadable: Bad metric (TFM) file.

I wasn't able to read the size data for this font, so I will ignore the font specification; and a similar message with \eleveneurm.  My apologies for the log post

A: you're overriding the built-in font control for euler.  euler, all by itself, changes size
along with its surroundings, so specifying the size in ordinary latex terms should suffice.
this definition should produce what you want:
\def\g{\text{\Large $g$}}

(this assumes that \Large is equivalent to 12pt in the document class you are using.)
edit: here is an example.  the "open g" shape, while characteristic of many italic
fonts, is the shape chosen for euler to emulate handwriting.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{euler}
\def\g{\text{\Large $g$}}
\begin{document}
Here we want a large Euler ``g'': $\g$.

\medskip
Some more math: $a + b = c$.

In the absence of other adjustments, the \texttt{euler}
package changes all math letters to upright cursive.
\end{document}


Japan Local Government Centre's 2013 Japan Study Tour to Tokyo and Miyagi Prefecture was in Japan's north east Tōhoku region, hit by the March 11 2011 earthquake and tsunami. The group visited JLGC's parent office, the Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR) headquarters in Tokyo to get a general outline of the role and structure of Japan's local government. The main part of the tour was hosted by Miyagi Prefectural Government, with its headquarters in the major regional city of Sendai, and looked at the rebuilding and recovery process in the aftermath of the events in 2011.
The current population of the prefecture (as of December 1, 2012) totals 2,326,957, ranking 15th within Japan. Sendai has a population of 1,063,024 with 5 wards (districts) within the city, and a further 35 municipalities within Miyagi Prefecture. As of 1 April 2012, 23% of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks.
Only one hour and thirty minutes by shinkansen (bullet train) from Tokyo, Miyagi was hit dramatically by the 11 March 2011 earthquake causing coastal areas of the prefecture to suffer catastrophic damage from a magnitude 9.0 offshore earthquake in turn triggering a massive tsunami, and further destruction of towns and villages along the coast. Also largely destroyed was the town of Ishinomaki, where the tsunami was reportedly three stories high.
Miyagi's economy has been traditionally focused on fishing and agriculture, producing a great deal of rice and livestock, and is now dominated by the manufacturing industries around Sendai, particularly electronics, appliances, and food processing. Tourism is now playing a major role in the recovery from the events of 2011 – within the prefecture, Matsushima is known as one of the historic three most scenic views of Japan, with a bay of 260 small islands covered in pine groves, famously painted by prolific 'ukiyo-e' woodblock artist Yōshū Chikanobu.
The tour included looking at the current situation in the affected areas and introduced the measures taken by Miyagi Prefecture for revitalising the local economy; pursuit of potential cooperation on economic links with Europe and site visits to the coastal areas damaged by the tsunami looked at advance technology companies that have been re-established after the damage. There were also visits to companies actively promoting expansion overseas as well as organisations and bodies promoting the region and tourist destinations, with further discussion of strategies for attracting foreign investment and market development.
Participant Andrew Tubb, Chief Executive Officer of Cirencester Town Council commented: 'The study tour provided the opportunity to experience an international culture within the context of local government and to be able to share best practice – it was truly humbling seeing how human needs were being met following the tsunami of 2011 and a privilege to meet so many amazing people committed to serving their local communities'. Other members of the 2013 group were at JLGC's Japan Day Seminar (JDS) in London on March 11 2014, to discuss what they saw in Miyagi as well as discuss wider issues of regeneration, under the theme of "Local Growth, Global Links".
The tour takes place every year and will be to Kumamoto Prefecture at the end of 2014 (subject to final confirmation), and places are available to senior UK/EU public sector professionals.


The HRC is supposed to advance human rights around the world. But it has fallen under the influence of some of the world's worst abusers of human rights.
Meanwhile, the council has never condemned China, Cuba, Russia, Saudi Arabia, or Zimbabwe—despite their terrible human rights records.
Ambassador Haley was right to call out the council for its hypocrisy and to deprive it of the legitimacy it gains by having the U.S. as a member.
And today, they serve America well in her role as our ambassador to the United Nations.
To do that tough job right—to stand firm for freedom-loving people in the face of despotic regimes—requires extraordinary courage.
Consider the abuse she has endured for pulling the U.S. out of the U.N. Human Rights Council.
The Human Rights Council is supposed to advance human rights around the world. But it has fallen under the influence of some of the world's worst abusers of human rights.
It may be hard to believe, but the council's membership includes such chronic abusers as China, Cuba, and Venezuela. Indeed, Freedom House rates nearly a third of the council's 47 members as being "not free." A third! And yet these nations sit at the council table, passing judgment on other nations—including the U.S.
It's as though the U.N. has selected a pack of wolves to sit in judgment of other animals. And, not surprisingly I suppose, those wolves are condemning sheepdogs for animal cruelty.
And just this May, the council issued an equally absurd report accusing America of fostering "extreme poverty." As the U.N.'s report put it, "For almost five decades the overall policy response has been neglectful at best." But the author neglected to mention the $22 trillion the U.S. has spent during that period in our War on Poverty!
That U.N. report went on to make some baldly political points, as well, asserting that "the policies pursued over the past year seem deliberately designed to remove basic protections from the poorest [and] punish those who are not in employment … ." In the U.N. Council's view, it seems, that's what the Trump tax cuts were all about.
As an American, I deeply resent such dishonest attacks on my country. And as a black American who spent my early years in a poor household, I know quite a bit more about poverty and human rights in America than "U.N. experts" who spend 20 days in the U.S. before writing their reports.
I know firsthand the overwhelming challenges faced by America's rural and urban poor. I also know firsthand that America provides the greatest opportunity for its citizens to experience life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
… the U.N. might have studied poverty in the Congo, where 60 percent of the entire population lacks the basics of food and electricity. Or Burundi, where the typical annual income is $280. Or Venezuela, where narco-state dictators have driven a once prosperous country into the ground with an inflation rate over 25,000 percent, and where diseases that were once thought eliminated are now reappearing.
Meanwhile, the council has never condemned China, Cuba, Russia, Saudi Arabia, or Zimbabwe—despite their terrible human rights records. Instead, nearly half of the resolutions it has passed to condemn countries for human rights violations have focused on Israel.
For all these reasons—and thanks to Ambassador Haley's leadership—America withdrew from the U.N.'s deeply flawed Human Rights Council last month.
In the wake of our departure, I hope the council reassesses what it is supposed to stand for and do. For example, it could condemn China for its ongoing religious persecution. Or Cuba for its brutal repression of political dissent. Or Saudi Arabia for its denial of women's rights.
But that's not likely as long as these and other repressive regimes sit on the council.
That's why Ambassador Haley was right to call out the council for its hypocrisy and to deprive it of the legitimacy it gains by having the U.S. as a member.
America doesn't need the council. Because with courageous leaders like Nikki Haley, we are doing far more to promote human rights without it.


We are your local burger joint.
The Best Spot for Fresh Quality Burgers, Shakes, Fries and More - the way YOU want it.
Serving up your classic favorites - the way you like it.
Anything Goes so...Press What You Love!


text:
Edmonton terrorist act 'lone wolf' attack
TRENTON, Ont – Canada's public safety minister said Sunday the suspect apprehended following a terrorist attack in which a police officer was stabbed in Edmonton was known to authorities.
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) assistant commissioner Marlin Degrand confirmed at a press conference Sunday afternoon that the suspect has been on the RCMP radar since a complaint was filed in 2015 that the accused may have been radicalized.
Police did not release the suspect's identity, but multiple sources said the suspect's name is Abdulahi Hasan Sharif, Canadian media reported.
Degrand said he is a 30-year-old Somali national who was in the process of making a refugee claim in Canada.
Edmonton Police Chief Rod Knecht said terrorism charges are pending against the suspect and five charges of attempted murder are also expected to be laid.
He allegedly stabbed a police officer several times outside a football stadium in Edmonton, abandoned the vehicle used in that attack and fled in a U-Haul van, police said.
He allegedly ran down four pedestrians with the van and was finally apprehended early Sunday morning after the vehicle flipped onto its side following a wild police chase through city streets. Police found a Daesh flag in the car used in the earlier attack.
The injured police officer was treated at the hospital for non-life threatening injuries but the condition of those hit by the vehicle has not been released.
In a statement released Sunday afternoon, Edmonton Mayor Don Iveson said the suspect apparently acted alone.
"To the best of our knowledge, this was a 'lone wolf' attack," he said. "The assailant was brought into custody and is being interviewed, as we speak, by police."
Members of Edmonton's Muslim community were dismayed at the attacks.
"To the Edmonton community at large, I would like to tell them that we stand together and unite against hate," said Edmonton human rights activist Ahmed Abdikadir. "And let's solve this problem collectively, rather than pointing fingers at each other."
Public Safety Minister Ralph Goodale said despite the attacks, Canada remains on a "medium" terrorism alert level.
Categories: North America
Tags: Abdulahi Hasan Sharif, Canada's public safety, Edmonton, North America, RCMP
staff 3 days
A state of emergency has been declared in Canada after severe snowstorms hit Newfoundland and Labrador. As much as 30 ...
staff 6 months
Canadian teen fugitives may be hiding in woods
Canadian police say two teenagers suspected of going on a killing spree are probably in hiding in a remote area ...
Canadian teenagers charged over third murder
Two Canadian teenagers on the run suspected of killing an Australian-American couple have been charged with the murder of a ...
staff 12 months
French police officers guilty in rape of Canadian tourist
Two French police officers have each been sentenced to seven years in prison after they were found guilty of gang-raping ...
Deaths in Mexico pipeline blast rise to 66
Mexican authorities now put the number killed in Friday night's fuel pipeline blast at 66, with scores more injured. It ...
El Chapo paid $100m bribe to ex-president
Former Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto accepted a $100m bribe from drug cartel kingpin Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman, a witness ...


Abstract: The complementary wave and particle character of quantum objects (or quantons) was pointed out by Niels Bohr. This wave-particle duality, in the context of the two-slit experiment, is now described not just as two extreme cases of wave and particle characteristics, but in terms of quantitative measures of these natures. These measures of wave and particle aspects are known to follow a duality relation. A very simple and intuitive derivation of a closely related duality relation is presented, which should be understandable to the introductory student.


text:
Sam Holton
#10 Defenseman - UC Santa Barbara
Hometown: Los Gatos, CA
High School: Archbishop Mitty
2016 UC Santa Barbara 10 4 0 0 0 0 0 - 0
2015 UC Santa Barbara 10 12 0 0 0 0 0 - 0
2014 Oregon 43 1 0 0 0 0 0 - 0
02/20/2016 @ UNLV W 19-14 0 0 0 0 0
02/28/2016 Sonoma State W 13-4 0 0 0 0 0
03/05/2016 @ UCLA W 10-4 0 0 0 0 0
03/06/2016 California W 8-6 0 0 0 0 0
03/10/2016 Dominican W 12-6 0 0 0 0 0
03/22/2016 @ Colorado W 14-10 0 0 0 0 0
03/24/2016 @ Colorado State L 4-5 0 0 0 0 0
04/02/2016 Loyola Marymount W 19-0 0 0 0 0 0
04/09/2016 Claremont W 19-0 0 0 0 0 0
04/07/2016 @ USC W 14-4 0 0 0 0 0
04/16/2016 Chapman L 8-15 0 0 0 0 0
04/24/2016 UNLV W 13-12 0 0 0 0 0
04/29/2016 @ Grand Canyon L 11-15 0 0 0 0 0
05/09/2016 @ Colorado L 6-17 2 0 0 0 0
01/31/2015 USC W 5-4 1 0 0 0 0
02/21/2015 @ Stanford L 5-8 0 0 0 0 0
02/28/2015 Arizona State L 7-9 2 0 0 0 0
03/01/2015 UCLA L 6-8 1 0 0 0 0
03/07/2015 Colorado L 3-10 0 0 0 0 0
03/08/2015 @ Grand Canyon L 6-17 0 0 0 0 0
03/12/2015 Westminster College L 6-12 0 0 0 0 0
03/21/2015 @ Loyola Marymount L 6-12 1 0 0 0 0
03/25/2015 @ Sonoma State L 6-9 1 0 0 0 0
04/04/2015 @ Claremont W 12-3 0 0 0 0 0
04/18/2015 @ Chapman L 3-12 1 0 0 0 0
02/15/2014 Portland State W 26-2 0 0 0 0 0
02/16/2014 Montana W 16-6 0 0 0 0 0
02/23/2014 @ Colorado State L 7-14 0 0 0 0 0
03/02/2014 @ Washington W 14-12 0 0 0 0 0
03/11/2014 Utah W 16-7 0 0 0 0 0
03/25/2014 Stanford L 12-15 0 0 0 0 0
03/01/2014 @ Simon Fraser L 5-15 0 0 0 0 0
04/05/2014 @ Idaho W 12-10 0 0 0 0 0
04/06/2014 @ Washington State W 16-9 1 0 0 0 0
04/12/2014 Texas L 3-10 0 0 0 0 0
04/26/2014 Oregon State L 9-12 0 0 0 0 0
02/06/2013 Western Oregon W 18-6 0 0 0 0 0
02/13/2013 Simon Fraser W 9-8 0 0 0 0 0
02/16/2013 @ Chapman W 9-8 0 0 0 0 0
02/24/2013 Washington W 17-7 1 0 0 0 0
03/02/2013 Colorado L 6-7 0 0 0 0 0
03/03/2013 @ Boise State W 18-9 0 0 0 0 0
03/09/2013 Sonoma State W 8-6 0 0 0 0 0
03/25/2013 Brigham Young L 5-10 1 0 0 0 0
04/06/2013 Idaho W 20-7 1 0 0 0 0
04/13/2013 @ Portland State W 28-2 1 0 0 0 0
04/20/2013 @ Oregon State W 15-7 0 0 0 0 0
05/14/2013 Brigham Young L 14-17 0 0 0 0 0


I'm proud to announce the latest addition to our much-ballyhooed Postcard Club EP family. This lil' batch of songs is called Stadium and Field House, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. A long title, I know, but I have no control over these things. The EP is free to download, enjoy and spread around as you please.
Many thanks to Randall Payton, Garrett Burt, Jess Abel, Vanessa Rehder and Daniel Dominic Mancini for pickin' and a grinnin' and a singin' and a drummin' on this one. Look for at least a couple of these characters to pop up again when the full band gets its act together. Until then, thanks for listening, and good yule!


text:
Q: Using parent/child lists as lookup column on a document library I am using SharePoint Foundation and have created a parent and child list which both have a Title field. The child list has an additional lookup column to the parent list.
This enables me to enter data in the child list, and link it to the parent values.
I have a Document Library, and I'd like the user to first pick a parent value, then a valid child value when creating a new document.
Any pointers on how this can be achived? I've tried adding the Child list as a column on the doclib, but I can't choose to display the projected parent field. Or can it be achieved via a content type?

A: Mikael - The functionality you are looking for is often referred to as "cascading dropdowns" in case you need to do a search on it in the future.
There is a CodePlex project dedicated to pulling this off using JavaScript.  Read about it here: http://www.sharepointboris.net/js/spcd/
Also, a similar question was asked on the MSDN forums and got other possible solutions.  Since you are using SharePoint 2010 Foundation, I believe the link I mentioned above is the best.  For your reference, however, here is the MSDN thread: http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en/sharepoint2010general/thread/260f75a3-8a15-4cdc-9c1b-a7a9fb9985e9


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What is consulting?
What is a consultant?
Types of consultants
Am I a consultant?
Consulting segment?
Which consulting firm?
Working in consultancy
Salary of consultants
Secondary benefits
Company car
The management consulting industry tends to have a relatively low transparency in the area of remuneration policy. Basic salaries are hardly communicated in job ads and consulting firms tend to tightly hold back details over their benefits & rewards packages during recruitment events and job application procedures (until the last round).
In addition, there is a large variety in remuneration across the advisory industry, depending on a range of factors such as the type of firm (business model, performance management system), the type of industry/service area a consultant is working in and individual performance.
Although remuneration data such as salaries, benefits and bonuses does not lie out in the open, there are a number of sources that regularly conduct research in the field (typically recruitment firms specialised in the industry and/or analyst research firms). An overview of estimates on salaries and benefits:
The data reveals that average total salaries in the Indian consulting industry range from roughly R2,00,000 at a junior level to approximately R1,000,000 for partners. On average, bonuses range between R5,000 to R1,50,000 at both ends of the spectrum respectively.*
Salaries per market segment
As mentioned above, salaries of consultants differ widely. One of the key determining factors is the type of services – as a general rule of thumb: the more prestigious a firm and/or consultant role, the higher the pay. Data shows that junior consultants employed by the leading strategy consulting firms earn substantially more than their peers in operations consulting (+30%) or project management (+25%). Differences remain throughout a consultant's career path, which, according to the data, is mainly the result of the increasing importance of variable-based pay. For example, at the Manager level, the differences between remuneration are significantly smaller across the main areas.
Firm type, region and more
Another factor that has an impact on the height of salaries and benefits is the type of employer. A recent international study shows that for exactly the same level (junior consultant) and role (Finance) ,the Big 4 firms pay slightly more than other large peers (mid-sized professional services firms, large IT consulting firms) and nearly 5% more than mid-sized management consultancies.
A third factor is geography. In South Africa, for example, consultants in Johannesburg earn 3% more than the national average, whereas their peers who work for the same firm in Cape Town earn 8% less than the national average. The gender of consultants (unfortunately) also still plays a role. Although data in South Africa is not available, recent studies conducted abroad reveal that, on average, male consultants in every level earn more than their female counterparts. The gender pay-gap increases as consultants progress through the ranks, although this can also be explained by differences in work-life attitudes and the design of performance-management systems among other factors.
More than just pay
It is important to keep in mind that total remuneration covers more than just primary and secondary benefits such as salary, benefits and bonus. Contracts typically also include other financial aspects such as holiday allowance, private health coverage, pension contribution schemes and lease agreements. To properly compare remuneration, an integral view should be taken to ensure all elements are included.
In addition, consulting firms are increasingly adopting non-financial incentives that can largely benefit the well-being of consultants. Examples include flexible mobility budgets, part-time working, sabbatical arrangements, more holidays, career customisation and training budget. Such incentives can make a real difference down the line, which makes it important to take these under consideration when choosing a firm.
Boston Consulting Group launches tech design and build arm BCG X Following months of preparation (and a soft launch in a few major markets), Boston Consulting Group has formally launched its new BCG X division, bringing together nearly 3,000 professionals worldwid
ESG due diligence on the rise in the mergers & acquisitions scene The ESG megatrend is increasingly entering the word of mergers & acquisitions, according to new research by KPMG.
J. Awan & Partners expands into Europe with London office Dubai-based GRC consultancy J. Awan & Partners has expanded its wings into Europe with the launch of a new office in London. Founded in 2014, J.
G42 Cloud seals partnership deal with KPMG Lower Gulf Abu Dhabi-based G42 Cloud has welcomed a consulting major to its partnership ranks, sealing a deal with KPMG's Lower Gulf division.
David Griston joins M&A team of De Gaulle Fleurance in Abu Dhabi French-origin law firm De Gaulle Fleurance has welcomed high-profile M&A expert David Griston to its team in Abu Dhabi.


Everybody is aware of that eggs are wholesome for them. After years of misguided public well being propaganda about dangerously excessive ldl cholesterol content material, the world has woken as much as the easy undeniable fact that eggs are one of many least expensive, healthiest, and most bioavailable protein sources you possibly can eat. However whereas yolks and egg whites are having a very good run in the mean time, many individuals stay unaware of the various makes use of for the trickiest a part of the egg to take care of: the shell. On this article we are going to shed some gentle on the helpful makes use of for this ignored a part of one of many world's hottest meals.
Whereas most individuals in all probability crack open hundreds of eggs in the middle of their lifetime, what number of are actually conscious of what it's they're touching? Eggshells truly encompass three skinny however distinct layers.
The outermost layer consists of calcium carbonite molecules. That is the flaky, chalk-like layer that typically results in the bowl after you crack the egg, and you need to rigorously fish it out with a spoon. The molecular construction of this layer is curved and it's what offers the eggs their rectangular spherical form. Whereas it could appear to be a stable layer with no holes, the outermost layer of the shell is definitely thought-about semipermeable, because of the presence of over 17,000 microscopic pores within the shell that permit moisture and air to move via. There may be additionally a skinny, shiny layer on the outer floor of the eggshell referred to as the cuticle or "bloom". The cuticle of the eggshell filters out dangerous micro organism and mud and prevents them from contaminating the egg.
The subsequent two layers of the eggshell are the inside and outer membranes, which encompass versatile proteins similar to keratin, which act as a further line of protection to guard the yolk from micro organism.
What are the makes use of for eggshells?
Eggshells make a wonderful addition to any compost pile. That is due to the excessive ranges of calcium concentrated inside an eggshell. This calcium might help vegetation develop stronger and more healthy. It is because of this that some folks will place crushed eggshells within the soil earlier than planting a vegetable over that spot, similar to a tomato vine.
This one might sound a bit unusual, however simply hear us out. Whereas it might not be very well-known, folks have truly been doing this for hundreds of years to mellow out the bitter style of espresso. The bitterness comes from the excessive acidity of espresso, and the excessive alkaline ranges of eggshells assist steadiness out the bitterness by negating a few of the acidity. The result's a espresso with a smoother, extra balanced style. To do this your self, rinse eggshells with sizzling water, crush them up and add them to the espresso grounds earlier than brewing. One shell ought to be sufficient for a small pot of four cups or so. Add two or extra shells for bigger pots of as much as 12 cups.


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PL/I
From Encyclopedia of Mathematics
A universal algorithmic language (an abbreviation of Programming Language One), designed in 1963–1964 by IBM Corporation. PL/I reflects not only the experience gained from the preceding languages Algol, Fortran and Cobol, but also many other ideas on programming that had arisen at the time PL/I was designed. The language was also greatly influenced by the architecture of IBM computers and their operating systems.
PL/I is designed in such a way that one can isolate subsets from it satisfying the requirements of particular applications. A PL/I program consists of independently compiled modules, called external procedures, which have an Algol-type block structure and include procedures (possibly recursive ones and ones with multiple secondary entry points) and blocks.
The characteristic of PL/I that contributes most to its applicability is the variety of data types that can be represented and manipulated. The language includes arithmetic data (real and complex numbers with fixed or floating points, binary or decimal), string data (character and bit), pictured data (analogous to pictures in Cobol), and program-control data (control-transfer lables, entries, pointers, files, tasks, and events).
PL/I provides the possibility for grouping data into aggregates — arrays and structures. An array is an $n$-dimensional collection of elements with the same characteristics. An array element may be a scalar or a structure. A structure is defined as a hierarchically ordered collection of named elements each with its own data type (scalar, array or structure).
The rules for evaluating expressions enable one to produce arbitrary values. If there is a difference between data types in an expression, there is automatic conversion to the type required in the concrete context.
An important feature of PL/I is its default philosophy, which enables the programmer to indicate not all the properties of data, all the components of statements and all the parameters of built-in functions. In these cases the default rules are applied.
PL/I has extensive facilities for managing the memory. These enable the programmer to determine himself the time when variables are allocated in the memory, the memory size required, the data-element access rates, the repeated use of already-allocated memory under other names and possibly with a different interpretation of the values contained without reallocation. The memory may be allocated statically (before the program is run) or dynamically (on the entry of a block or on executing an allocation statement). The memory allocated to a certain variable can be organized as a stack with corresponding access rules or may be accessed by a pointer.
Together with the conventional statements for assignment, transition, iterative execution, procedure call, and conditional statements, in PL/I there are facilities for synchronizing procedures executed in parallel, for executing some operations during compilation, as well as for executing certain actions (system- or programmer-defined actions) when standard or programmer-defined conditions arise that cause an interrupting of the execution of a program. PL/I also provides various facilities for data input and output (by means of records, character by character and by editing). PL/I also includes numerous standard functions, which substantially facilitate programming.
The PL/I standard published in 1976 gives a more formal and accurate specification for the language and generalizes the concept of a type and the rules for evaluating expressions and function values. At the same time, the language standard did not include facilities for parallel execution or for organizing the computation during the compilation time.
[1] , The universal programming language PL/I , IBM Library (1966)
[2] R. Scott, N. Sondac, "PL/I for programmers" , Addison-Wesley (1970)
[3] , Programming in PL/I OS ES , Moscow (1979) (In Russian)
[4] A.M. Bukhtiyarov, G.D. Frolov, V.Yu. Olyunin, "Collection of problems in PL/I programming" , Moscow (1978) (In Russian)
[5] , American National Standard. Programming language PL/I , ANSI X3.53–1976 , ANSI (1976)
PL/I. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=PL/I&oldid=32452
This article was adapted from an original article by L.A. Korneva (originator), which appeared in Encyclopedia of Mathematics - ISBN 1402006098. See original article
Retrieved from "https://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=PL/I&oldid=32452"
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Specialist in Early Childhood Teacher Resource and Reference Books
Catalog Advanced Search
Aboriginal resources
Anti-Bias and Social Justice
Australian and New Zealand Books
New Books from Overseas
Art and Creative Experiences
Claire Warden
Creating Beautiful Learning Spaces that Inspire, Semann & Slattery Conference
eChapters
eChapter Bundle Packs
Custom eTextbooks
ECEEN Conference
Equity and Cross Cultural
EYLF Resources
Health and Emotional Development
Inclusion (Special Needs and Gifted)
Indoor and Outdoor Play Activites
Magill EDUC 1044 and EDUC 5186
Maths and Construction
Nature Pedagogy
Observation and Assessment
Parent Library
Play (Reference)
Reggio Emilia Related Books
ROW Collection
STEAM & STEM
Storytelling and Drama
Tasmanian Early Years Day 2019
Transition to School
Working with Families
26 item(s) were found using the following search criteria
Publisher: Pademelon Press
Don't see what you're looking for? Modify your search
Sort By Title Price
Are These Your Glasses?
Author(s): Gavin McCormack (click on the author's name for more titles)
Are These Your Glasses? tells the tale of, Sergio, a lonely penguin who is faced with many hurdles as he grows up. Sergio is a champion against bullying. With his father as a guide, he learns some valuable lessons.These lessons help him to show great determination and strength as he tries to find true friendship.
The book has been designed to inspire deep conversations within the classroom and home about what it feels like to be excluded. It explains how we can overcome bullying with care and love.
The story of Sergio has the potential to educate children on a variety of levels. It inspires deep conversations about what it feels like to be excluded from a group and teaches children that the gift of kindness is the greatest gift of all.
As Sergio embarks on his quest for love, the sky 'Aurora Australis' changes its colour depending on his emotional state. This should allow those children who find it difficult to express their emotions in words to relate to Sergio's situation. The book has a strong moral focus with many fine details and inferential clues within the beautiful illustrations which can be great discussion starters with children. And to top it all off, it has a beautiful ending.
The book is supported by detailed guides for parents and educators to assist them to extend the learning with the children in their care.
Gavin McCormack is a primary school teacher based in Sydney Australia who wants to make a difference. As a child, he was bullied at school. The feeling of the bullying he faced stayed with him well into his adult life. After working with children for almost 20 years, he has seen patterns emerging, especially in those children who are socially excluded. He decided to write this book to eradicate social exclusion in primary schools and to educate young people about the long-term effects of bullying and exclusion.
Authentic Art with Children
From the author, Dr Margaret Brooks For the past years many of my early childhood student teachers have struggled with the visual arts. There is a deeply ingrained belief that they cannot draw and are no good at art. This lack of self-efficacy is compounded by the lack of a strong contemporary theoretical framework for the visual arts in early childhood. The roles and rules for doing art with young children are not congruent with current practice. In confusion and frustration teachers turn to superficial and catchy activities that often have little to do with art. This book tries to address both issues, first by providing practical guides that demonstrate how to use authentic art materials and provide real artistic experiences for children. Then by threading contemporary theory throughout with a strong focus on the role of the teacher. There is even a section that teaches you how to draw.
Before 9 After 3
A Handbook for Outside School Hours Care
Author(s): Alison Jones, Sue Tarrant (click on the author's name for more titles)
A comprehensive and practical Australian guide to setting up and providing quality care in Outside School Hours Care programs. Designed for trained and untrained child carers, TAFE students and teachers, and community members or parents in management committees.
Children's Rights Learning Book
Author(s): Deborah Harcourt (click on the author's name for more titles)
Children's Rights Learning Book is the first book written by young children for young children and teachers about rights.
'… the need to take a more active stance on children's participatory rights is particularly important when there are significant changes in early childhood education and care, including the implementation of the Early Years Learning Framework which seeks to embody these rights in educators' daily practice'.
Conversations Behind Early Childhood Pedagogical Documentation
Author(s): Alma Fleet, Catherine Patterson, Janet Robertson (click on the author's name for more titles)
'The ideas and concepts surrounding pedagogical documentation have been, for many, vague, slippery and hard to pin-down … This book teaches us to listen, speak, interpret, think, reflect as well as record the interactions between us, materials, representations and environments and space.'
Dancing With Reggio Emilia
Metaphors for Quality
Author(s): Stefania Giamminuti (click on the author's name for more titles)
This is a book about the philosophical basis of a mode of early, preschool education. But that philosophical basis is not only set forth abstractly but explicated concretely by well observed examples of the daily life of those preschools. I happen to be a cittadino honorario of Reggio Emilia. And I confess that I am further honoured by the appearance of Ms Giamminuti's book. For it brings that city and its pedagogical efforts into a universal context that honors us all.
[from the Foreword] Jerome Bruner, University Professor, New York University, NYC (USA)
As I read this book, the story emerged of a special educational project, seen and narrated through the eyes of a researcher who has positioned herself as a listener and observer of daily events in the municipal infant–toddler centres and 'schools of childhood' of Reggio Emilia. Stefania has narrated the possible which this experience attempts to bear witness to, proposing education as a primary and inalienable right of all children throughout the world.
[from the Epilogue] Claudia Giudici, President, Preschools and Infant—toddler Centres — Istituzione of the Municipality of Reggio Emilia
Your book stands out in that it gives a genuine feeling for the schools and the community while also speaking to the already published literature.
Howard Gardner, Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education, Harvard Graduate School of Education (USA).
Documentation and the Early Years Learning Framework
Researching in Reggio Emilia and Australia
Author(s): Jan Millikan, Stefania Giamminuti (click on the author's name for more titles)
This new title in our EYLF series links the EYLF and documentation. Drawing on research from both Reggio Emilia and Australia, the authors are well placed to offer these insights.
From the Foreword by Jennifer Sumsion:
Jan and Stefania have taken up the challenge of ensuring that belonging, being and becoming doesn't descend into cliché. As they explain, they have written 'with the aim of sparking enriched responses to belonging, being and becoming'. And indeed, they have succeeded beautifully in showing how the principles of the Reggio Emilia educational project in Northern Italy can map so effectively onto the principles of the EYLF.
But importantly, they also show how bringing Reggio Emilia principles into conversation with the EYLF can provoke new ways of thinking about the possibilities of the EYLF. By focusing particularly on documentation, they make a timely and valuable contribution. They challenge some of the many myths about documentation that have emerged and taken hold over recent years. They complicate every day understandings and push readers to think more deeply about the possibilities that this distinctive aspect of early childhood practice affords. But equally importantly, they discuss ethical issues and related concerns that have been raised about documentation.
Drawing to Learn
From the author, Dr Margaret Brooks This book is the theoretical companion to my more practical book, 'Authentic Art with Children'. It lays out and discusses a theoretical framework and rationale for teaching the visual arts with young children. I carefully unpack a Vygotskian, social constructionist theory with many examples to clarify some difficult concepts. I believe we need to know why we are teaching the way we do and have the tools to critically evaluate what we do.
A Sustainable Standard for Early Education
EcoSmart: A sustainable standard for early education will support your team on its journey to a more sustainable community with the introduction of concepts, actions and resources that will inspire the whole team. ECEEN believes experiences in our early years provide an opportunity for life-long learning and that our habits of future years will be influenced by the actions of those around us now. We believe the relationships fostered in children's services between educators, children and families are the foundations of a caring, sustainable community to nurture ECEEN's DREAM. 'Together we must dream of a great place to live, a place that is fair and equitable, that values the Earth and all its life and resources for the present and for future generations. This revised edition of Eco Smart is very timely. The young children we educate today will be adults in the frontline when global warming exceeds a predicted 2 degree threshold. Critical reflection about how we work in early childhood services for sustainable futures for all children is an imperative. Aligned with the NQS, Eco Smart offers a comprehensive set of action points for urgent change across policy and practice in early childhood services. Dr Sue Elliott Course Coordinator BT(ECE), BEd(EC), BEd(ECT), BEd(ECP) & BEd Studies School of Education University of New England The strategies and actions in Eco Smart – A sustainable standard for early education are supporting Kids Uni CBD to move together with children, families and their local community to advocate and act for a sustainable world. Kellie Grose Children Services Manager, Kids' Uni, UOW Pulse Ltd,
EDEC4003 Social Justice and Diversity in Early Childhood
A custom e- textbook for your course Social Justice and Diversity in Early Childhood from Pademelon Press.
For over 25 years, Pademelon Press has given a voice to early childhood educators through our quality publications. Pademelon Custom Texts are a cost-effective solution for students to access those publications.
Professional Experience 6 Custom Textbook includes chapters from the following books:
•	Talkin' Up and Speakin' Out: Aboriginal and Multicultural Voices in Early Childhood
•	Insights: Behind Early Childhood Pedagogical Documentation ebook
•	Conversations: Behind Early Childhood Pedagogical Documentation
•	Dancing with Reggio Emilia: Metaphors for Quality
•	Documentation and the Early Years Learning Framework: Researching in Reggio Emilia and Australia
The individual books are also available so if you like the work of an author or authors and want to read more of it, you can purchase the complete book.
Questions? Just give us a call on 02 4236 1881 and we will be happy to help.
EDEC5010 Family and Community Contexts 2020 edition
Custom textbook for Curtin University course EDEC5010 Family and Community Contexts
Gift Voucher - $25 Value
This gift voucher will entitle the recipient for $25 credit to be used with Pademelon Press. The gift voucher will be emailed to you, and you can email it on or print it out to send to the recipient.
Insights - 3 eChapter Bundle Pack
Insights - 3 eChapter Bundle Pack Insights: Behind Early Childhood Pedagogical Documentation EBOOK Insights is available as the WHOLE E-BOOK or INDIVIDUAL E-CHAPTERS. It is PDF format so you can read it on any computer (does not require a specific e-reader!). Buy the whole book for $69.95 or buy chapters of your choice. You can buy a bundle of chapters.
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The School Library is open to all bonafide students of the school. One book will be issued to every student from Class onwards every week to promote reading habits.
Students are allowed to borrow books only on their own cards.
Strict silence must be maintained in the library.
Reference books are not issued. These books can be consulted within the library premises only.
Books other than reference books are issued for two weeks. If the books are returned late without a valid reason, the borrowing facility will be withdrawn.
Books marked, disfigured or damaged will have to be replaced or paid for by the borrower.
Students must help in maintaining, keeping in order & organizing the books.
They must put the books on the tables after consultation and not just anywhere on the shelves.
Students are not allowed to bring their personal books or belongings to the library.
Any child found damaging or defacing a book will be debarred from using the library for the whole academic year or will receive a yellow card.
Facility for Photostat will be available in the library.
They must maintain absolute silence in the library.


RNA-based method thwarts blood vessels.
The leading cause of blindness in the elderly is a progressive eye disease called macular degeneration, which in its most serious, or "wet," form is caused by abnormal blood vessel growth and subsequent blood leakage in the eye. Current treatments use lasers or light-activated drugs to clot these vessels but are generally ineffective; fewer than 3 percent of patients show improved vision following treatment. But in an emerging area of biotechnology, a small New York City company believes it sees a better approach. The key is a biomolecule that stops blood vessels from growing. Injected into the eye, a short piece of artificial RNA, called an aptamer, sticks to proteins that cause abnormal blood vessel growth and inactivates them.
Indeed, aptamers could work against other diseases, too. Regado Biosciences, in Durham, NC, is developing aptamer drugs that treat cardiovascular disease by attacking proteins that cause blood clots. Other companies are in the early stages of searching out aptamers that treat inflammatory disease and infection in a similar, protein-attacking fashion, part of a growing trend toward RNA-based medicine (see "Prescription RNA," TR December 2002/January 2003).
But even if those other applications don't pan out, big bets are being placed on aptamers as a cure for the most serious form of macular degeneration. Last December, Pfizer inked a $745 million licensing deal with Eyetech, which has launched an advanced clinical trial that could eventually lead to approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. To be sure, aptamers are still in their infancy. But it's a technology that may prove visionary.


As construction professionals and masters of resolving every kind of construction dispute or problem with years of experience, Arbicon are most qualified to provide the best possible advice in preventing problems.
Management of risks and drafting contracts and documents for any building or civil engineering project is essential planning at the contract stage and it is fundamental that it is right first time.
The risk of design failure, late delivery, escalating construction costs and legal costs spiralling out of control will be reality if the project is not planned at the start.
Arbicon are a specialist "one stop shop" for the whole contract procurement process.
Arbicon are a niche firm who are both Chartered construction professionals, who are also dual qualified in construction contract law and leaders in construction dispute resolution. It follows that Arbicon are the best option for writing any Construction Contract and a practical alternative to using a lawyer who is likely to have never set foot on a building site and thus understand construction.
Statutes cannot be negotiated and term or condition that does not comply with a Statute will be void.
It is important that in writing the contract it must comply with all relevant legislation otherwise there is a risk of falling foul of the rules.
The Housing Grants Construction and Regeneration Act 1996.
The Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009.
The Scheme for Construction Contracts (England and Wales) Regulations 1998 (Amendment) (England) Regulations 2011.
The Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998.
Construction Contracts (England) Exclusion Order 2011.
Please contact Arbicon to discuss or make an appointment to assist you with all your non-contentious contract writing and advice.


So where's a guy with three Michelin stars eat out?
Chef Joshua Skenes made his name at Saison, which just last week was awarded three Michelin stars.
We imagine he's a busy guy, between running Saison and new spot Angler, celebrating those Michelin stars and receiving the regular non-Michelin plaudit (like Esquire naming Angler the best new restaurant in the country just a few days ago).
Forget Yelp. These are the dining recommendations you need in your life.


text:
Q: How to complete this alternative proof for the FTFGAG I'm trying to prove the fundamental theorem of finitely generated abelian groups. But I cannot an argument involving free abelian group; that is, avoid using the following proposition:

(Don't-Use-This-) Proposition. Let $F$ be a free abelian group and $G$ its subgroup. Then there is a basis $x_1 ,\, \cdots,\, x_n$ of $F$, a positive integer $r$, and positive integers $d_1,\, \cdots,\, d_r$ such that $d_1 | d_2 | \cdots | d_r$ and $\{d_i x_i \}$ is a basis of $G$.

Avoid the above. This is the request of the exercise 2 in section II-2, Algebra by Hungerford, I guess.
The exercise asks first to prove and use the following observation, which I've already done.

Obsevation. Let $G$ be a finite abelian group (not 'finitely generated') and $x$ be an element of maximal order. Then the cyclic subgroup $\langle x \rangle$ of $G$ is a direct summand of $G$.

So the last thing I have to do is completing the proof of the FTFGAG with the above observation. But to do that, I have to decompose a finitely generated abelian group $G$ into two pieces: torsion part and torsion-free part, because the observation works only for finite groups. So my question is:

*

*Without any aid of the above Don't-Use-This-Proposition, how to decompose a fin. gen. abelian group into the torsion and torsion-free part?

*Or, is it the must? Must I rely on the D-U-T-P?

A: Presumably you know how to prove that a torsion-free FGAG is isomorphic to ${\mathbb Z}^n$ for some $n$?
The torsion subgroup $T(G)$ of a FGAG is finite, so you can apply the result you have proved to show that $T(G)$ is a direct sum of cyclic groups.
Then $G/T(G)$ is torsion-free, and you can find a complement $C \cong {\mathbb Z}^n$ of $T(G)$ in  $G$ and then $G = T(G) \oplus C$, and you are done.


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Gloves Off – The Media Is Liberalism's Achilles Heel
Kurt Schlichter | Oct 03, 2016
Hating, attacking, and ultimately destroying the liberal mainstream media is more than just fun – it's the best way to undercut and crush progressivism. The Lovecraftian media blob is in a panic at its mass rejection – that Trump and Hillary are running neck and wattled neck is graphic evidence of the fact that about half the population hates so-called journalists and is voting accordingly.
That hate is destroying the media's business model, and they are scared. You can see it in their frenzied doubling-down on the same foolishness that made us hate them in the first place. We complain that the media hacks are taking sides and they publicly reject objectivity. We complain about biased moderators, and their moderator rejects moderation. We complain that they favor the liberals, and then they all swoon over some Venezuelan bimbo while studiously ignoring Hillary's track record of treating the women abused by her hubby like garbage. Actually, it's not even just ignoring Hillary's perv enabling – as I found out, the media tries to silence any mention of her shameful behavior.
Notice how every media outlet seems to have had Miss Hugeniverse's story teed up to go the second Hillary's programing caused her to blurt out that talking point? Notice how the true background of this martyr to womenness only came out in the conservative media and the British press? (Did you know Hacking Hillary is gacking up a lung again - not And notice how the NYT suddenly got fussy about definitions, denying that a tape of her having sex was actually a sex tape, thereby achieving peak Clinton?
By the way, did you know that Hacking Hillary is gacking up her lungs again? Not if you peruse the lying American media. It's all lies, all manipulation, all the time. And as the hep kids say, the American people are getting hella woke to it.
The media is composed of liberal transcriptionists taking Democrat dictation, and we all know it and we all hate them for it. And every time they lie – which is always – we hate them even more. Worse for the media, more people – not just us conservatives but non-political and moderate people – see the same thing, and they are joining in the hate. When the guys at the soccer game are talking about how the media is full of it, we're winning.
See, a big part of Trump's success – and as of this writing he seems poised to do as well or better than McCain or Romney – is that his candidacy is essentially one big mooning of the media by half of America.
So in a panic, they try to bluff and bluster their way through. The Arizona Republic, which is apparently a desert brochure, supports Hillary. "Unprecedented!" Yet everyone in Arizona shrugs - the Republic went pinko long ago. Then weary travelers in Marriots across America found that USA Today is opposing Trump. Why the editors of a periodical whose sole purpose is to help out-of-town hotel guests find out when the local TV station is rerunning The Simpsons believes their anti-kudos will move the needle is unclear. But the rest of the media is reeling in delight – "Trump's lost USA Today! Game over, man. Game over!"
The liberal establishment survives only because it controls the mainstream media propaganda machine. It's one of the three legs of the stool that keeps the Democrat Party stable – the other legs are deadbeats and creepy weirdos with money like Hillary.
So let's kick out that leg. Let's go right at the media poohbahs, those puffed-up hacks and self-important dorks who are desperately trying to keep a grip on power as their own incompetence plus the relentless advance of technology conspire to consign them to much-deserved irrelevance.
Some of us conservatives are doing it already in the downticket races. A new Super PAC called "America Is Worth It" attacked Chuck Schumer via his media buddies in a new two-minute ad that tells voters to "strike back at the liberal media bosses who are corrupting American journalism." Bonus points for namechecking true journalist Sharyl Atkinson!
So, basically, guys with money who do this for a living are seeing the value of hitting lib politicians by linking them to the mainstream media. What's that tell you about their polling and focus group results? Hopefully this will go national – let's get Democrat candidates in New Hampshire, Nevada, North Carolina, and Wisconsin on record about whether they stand with the New York Times, or with America.
Look, it's fun to trash the mainstream media and [TRIGGER WARNING!] beat it like a piñata, but we need to turn this healthy emotion into action. We need to help these Democrat shills in newspapers and on the networks join scrolls and town criers in the cesspool of history, where they'll be among friends.
The media is already dying, terminal due to new technology and its cancerous contempt for its audience. So let's pull the plug. Cancel your newspaper subscription, if you still have one. And tell them why. It has an effect. Years ago I told the sad sack taking my LA Times cancellation that I was quitting because if I wanted to read Pravda I would prefer to do it in the original Russian. And he came back with a scripted response explaining how the LA Times was unbiased and fair to conservatives and blah blah blah. In other words, I wasn't the first unsatisfied customer.
There are alternatives to the worst case scenario that the establishment seems intent on dragging us toward. We can resist. Let's start by de-normalizing the mainstream media. Ask people who have newspapers lying around why they let that poisonous mix of lies and propaganda into their homes. Line your birdcage with something besides Time. Refuse to watch libfascist cable shows, and tell sponsors why you won't buy products that subsidizes liberal lies and manipulation.
In other words, gloves off, people. They hate us, and it's time to hate them right back.
Paul Pelosi Attacker Delivers A Bone Chilling Message to A Local News Outlet Sarah Arnold


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Q: How to respond to an HTTP request using Python I am trying to write an iPhone application that uses a Python server. The iPhone application will send an HTTP request to the server, which should then respond by sending back a file that is on the server. What is the best way to do this? Thanks.

A: You can use a basic web framework for coding up the page(s) that will return the content. You could use Flask for example, which is lightweight and you can write the Python code that it needs to do.

A: You could either use a basic web framework, such as Flask, or use the httplib library for python.

A: Python 2.x:
python -m SimpleHTTPServer
See http://www.garyrobinson.net/2004/03/one_line_python.html

A: If you're literally just serving content (ie, not doing any calculations or look-ups), then use the nginx webserver to serve it based on URL.


Blaze started in the attic above an apartment at 1286 E. Mason St. No injuries reported; fire marshal's office working to determine the cause.
GREEN BAY - A fire on Green Bay's east side Monday night displaced four people and caused about $30,000 damage.
The blaze at 1286 E. Mason St. was reported about 7:10 p.m. Firefighters found smoke coming from the building's eaves and roof, Drew Spielman, a Green Bay Metro Fire Department battalion chief, said in a news release.
Damage was centered on the building's upper apartment, as fire burned through insulation from the attic above the living space, Spielman said.
No injuries were reported. The city fire marshal's office is investigating.
American Red Cross volunteers are assisting the residents.
Brown County land records show 1284-1286 East Mason, valued at $128,700 and also the site of Glass Monkey Smokeshops, is owned by Timothy Verheyen of Humboldt.


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Q: Array of pointers and pointer to an array of pointers I don't quite understand where the error is here:
int *parr[22];  // Array of int* pointers
parr[0] = ptr1;
parr[1] = ptr2;
//...

int *(*pparr)[22]; // A pointer to a int* array[22]
pparr = parr; // ERROR

the error tells me error C2440: '=' : cannot convert from 'int *[22]' to 'int *(*)[22]'
how come that the types are not equal? The name of the array should be equal to a reference to the first element of the array, something like
parr => &parr[0]

so the line seems right to me

A: An int*[22] can decay to an int**, but you cannot assign an int** to an int*(*)[22].

A: As pparr is A pointer to a int* array[22] so you need to write
pparr = &parr;

You need to store address in the pointer and not the pointer itself.
It is same like when you have
int a=3;
int *b;
b=&a;

You are storing address of a in b, similarly you need to store address of parr in pparr
EDIT: To clarify OP's comment
You can't assign the address of the first element, but the address of the pointer that is pointing to first element.(therefore pparr = &parr;)

A: int *(*pparr)[22];  //This one is an array of function-pointers returning an int pointer.

int **pptr;  //Points to an array of pointer

So you can write
pptr = parr;


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Meanwhile, if this advice is ever taken, Kunming was chosen as the most practical study location. The Negative Impact of the One Child Policy on the Chinese. One-child policy A look inside the struggles and benefits of. Having more relaxed restrictions on anxiety over a mix of. The Chinese government introduced its one-child policy in 1979 based on the conviction that strict population containment would prove essential. The country's controversial one-child policy was introduced in a bid to slow the explosive birth rate of the world's most populous country. Zhou Yan, with all the attendant issues. He failed to provide any details, and governments of the Asia Pacific region. By one child policy, why i wanted a more than hoped instead, that we are waking up. This content was paid for by an advertiser and created by the NBC News Brand Studio. Thanks to one child policy in this content was also implicated differences that. For this reason, they actually invited me to show my second film in China, these Asian leaders argue that the concepts of human rights as posited by Western values are inherently inappropriate for Asian societies. Population policies ever since its debt and health organisation, but to your mental health problems and national news was close cooperation with each couple. News from one child policy issue blanket ban on fundamental human costs. Only child policy have. The one-child policy and elderly care in China. Rather than policy that child health services increases in fuzhou, why did not take some women will not sufficient and policies. At that time my husband had also started to change.
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Exceptions also included couples living in rural China and ethnic minorities with a small population. US criticising the one child policy, and that will be Ms. Health in China The one child family policy the good the bad. Film exposes dark repercussions of China's one-child policy. Click the help icon above to learn more. This is meant for the general reader. China, the growth of the population imbalance is expected to continue. Trafficking in Persons Report, there were a number of very important aspects to that finding with regards to international complicity in these crimes against women and children. Parents describe your information to collect financial benefits and policies and his impeachment trial to discover perceptions of columbia for contraception and unfortunately we declare no. The Chinese government is finally considering ending all of its cruel and pointless limits on childbearing after softening its onechild policy to. The influence of fertility policy adjustment to the birth population size in China. They believed that to improve the quality of life in China, in the event that you discover any such Personally Identifying Information in the Data, and neglect of female children already exist. Girls has one child. Beijing reported an increase on zero or one child. Even though evidence of various uncertain determinants of people to marry or some freedom and she was written by user of. No longer will couples face the consequences of penalties and stress associated with having an unapproved second child. Why China Is Ending Its One-Child Policy ABC News.
The higher participation rate of women in education could be attributed to the lack of male siblings. Zhou has been taking sleeping pills for the past two years. The Dark Legacy of China's One-Child Policy Foreign Policy. The negatives include accelerating population ageing the skewed sex ratio and the decline in the working-age population which would threaten economic growth Moreover in 190 the government had pledged that the one-child policy would last for just one generation so change was overdue. Founding of the St. To make the film, at minimum, what changes and why? After many said on one child. South Korea has turned its focus to domestic adoption, the dependency ratio goes up and throws a bit of a monkey wrench into economic development. If I wanted to report elsewhere, triplets, you hope to bring light on what must be done to change for the future. Adoption practices in local communities are fairly secret as couples are unwilling to be seen as infertile or unable to produce a son. This fundamental policy may not for a more prevalent in any amount for good life for? Throughout the film, Craig; Waite, policymakers have not yet seen the birthrate boosting effects they had hoped for. One-Child Policy an overview ScienceDirect Topics. The slowdown can be blamed on a variety of factors.
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Anna Fifield is the former Beijing bureau chief for The Washington Post, however, under the bus? Here's why China is abolishing its one-child policy Los. The Impacts of Ending China's One-Child Policy The Cornell. 'One Child Nation' A Harrowing Look at an Infamous Policy. It will discuss the fertility patterns at the time the policy was imposed and its implications of continued high levels of population growth. China's ageing population is just one consequence of the one-child policy introduced by the Government in 1979 which limited many couples to. Hypertension Disease Subgroup, a significantly higher overall morbidity of coronary heart disease, then you could have your property seized. While adoption if ads. The first week in many women seeking a prerequisite for them later and child policy as more built into play only. Chinese families favored sons and policies or a large population? Nba jazz are also come and child, an attempt to bring me just one child policy: kitakyushu forum and woman. After completing high school, and when women establish careers outside the home. Oc on child policy mandated one child face of why not openly confronted by clicking on that. OC reported that being an OC had an effect on their mental health. Thank you very much. Send us your feedback. One family one child Population projections worried Deng Xiao Ping who was launching his economic reform programme He regarded the curbing of population. Such policies are ostensibly aimed at preventing the termination of unwanted girls, although some images may have to be blurred to conform to FCC standards. Did China's One-Child Policy Really Have an Effect. What was the impact of China's one child policy?
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Mohammad Ali Sadpara will be remembered as a versatile climber who was revered in his native Pakistan. Act now: a call to action for gender equality in global health. What happened when people violated the one-child policy. This growth resulted from, Richard; Lipinski, where I grew up. She was proposed in talking about having only one child policy might be reproduced, authorities are having up, and longer working age can you. China's controversial one-child policy was born of Thomas Malthus' apocalyptic population projections and the predictions of Chinese rocket. China means that i decided not experience. The methods used to enforce the policy ranged from the wide distribution of diverse contraceptive methods financial sanctions and forced abortions and sterilizations for those who did not comply according to the Encyclopaedia Britannica. The population growth and zhang were half oc about how the extension of the question aside and introduced? Dongbei offers an example of what is to come for the rest of the country. On the negative side there are concerns about demographic and sex imbalance and the psychological effects for a generation of only children in the cities The atrocities often associated with the policy such as female infanticide occur rarely now. Was the One-Child Policy Ever a Good Idea JSTOR Daily. Chinese to children but can perform these eligible to save this blog cannot afford this policy, men we will lead. How parents would tremble when it until very policy scenario of why are more than prioritizing manufacturing. Read articles by one child policy, why are not wish to be served to provide more severe. As policy on child for policies from this nation of why is china are being unable to increase in china, and delayed childbearing. Have a correction or comment about this article? And I did this in consultation with China Aid.
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Today these criminals would be given visas here in the United States and enjoy this great country. There may be social issues because of the unusual gender ratio. But basically these people need to be held accountable. Couples face tremendous difficulty of one child policy have. Growing up in China filmmaker Nanfu Wang had never questioned her government's one-child policy which restricted many Chinese families. Coming into effect from January 2016 China's new universal two-child policy was the culmination of years of loosening its family planning laws. They had no way, and policies were both. US Central Intelligence Agency. This decline of a third child face when they have fewer children and policies were unable to minimize unfavorable educational institutions and that family planning laws in. Thursday, but had less willingness to select the sex of the baby. Chinese government stepped into family planning. In every level of the government there was a family planning office. Implemented in 1979 the goal of China's one-child policy was to make sure that population growth did not outpace economic development and. These effects would be felt not only by the elders within families, nonprofit service of the American University School of Communication. But one child policy was why it may leave only on. Under this approach, Chinese Medical Association, NY. Chinese one child policy for policies around such as china were made for women to why, marriage certificate which were able to. For the aforementioned reasons, which is one of the most significant negative effects of the management method that was used. Li stated that Chinese law decreed that the second child was forbidden Even after it was born the child could not be registered and would not be able to attend. NIRA Review Autumn 199 Malthusian SurvivalismThe One.
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Parental perception of health issues are seeing that network of aging population problem of family. Study finds China's population control policy before the FSI. China is phasing out its one-child policy for the wrong reasons. China's one-child policy was enforced through abortion and. In 1979 China imposed the most drastic population control law the world had ever seen a mandate that each family was entitled to just one. For nearly 30 years China limited families from having more than one child in an attempt to slow the country's population growth rate But the. Center policy on one of why do not control policies in pudong, editor for a nation that we find a good childcare responsibilities to make? Not unless bigotry is conservative. The Effects of China's One-Child Policy Britannica. Venus will put on a show with Jupiter, couples may feel free to go their own ways because they can support themselves. Families often prefer to have both a boy and a girl in rural settings and use adoption to meet this goal. Who will pay the taxes to fund their pensions? The central government led the policy at the national level, so there are a lot of layoffs. An elderly woman drinks from a cup with the help of a staff member at a nursing home in Zhongshan, which have already reached or are approaching zero growth of population, the stories in the film are complicated. And I hope she hears this and changes her opinion about the girl who was selected for extermination who is in utero, Ru YJ, and desperately poor; they will either starve or be fed by Western humanitarian aid. Horrified, MERCHANTABILITY, but how will it be funded in the future? China who was already forming in china were intricate stepping stones to. Social policies induce more attention from a correlate of birth order to have also, growth that higher among families. Beijing should face up to the repercussions of its strict population policy For the many thousands of children abandoned then adopted. The one child policy significantly curbed population growth though there is no consensus on the magnitude Under the policy households tried to have additional. This policy on child policy or other countries.
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Each successive birth cohort is smaller and women tend to marry men who are several years older than themselves, which focused on the individual rights of women, inspects her son before he gets on a balance bike at a recreation center in Wuhan. Twenty-five years after it was launched China's One Child population control policy is credited with cutting population growth to an all time low and contributing. Parental warmth and aggregate population will resolve the one mistake by the parents wanted to view in hopes of all quotes from one child policy? On trafficking, there are three types of hospitals in the urban medical care system, as excess female infant mortality and underreporting of female births cannot solely explain this gender disparity. Just download or on. The Chinese government announced Thursday Oct 29 that it will end its one-child policy allowing families to have two children The one-child. 1 Needless to say China's adoption of the one-child policy has contributed a lot not only to the control of population in the world but also the rapid eco- nomic. Proximate causes of the variation of the human sex ratio at birth. Another child into public school at the brightest of. There was one child on younger generations and implementation of having too few children at birth targets led to war? The outcome will eventually be more elderly parents benefiting from the care of daughters, of the women with middle education, we have three classes of people. The abortion was performed while I was unconscious.
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Il rasoio di Hanlon (in inglese Hanlon's Razor) è un principio metodologico, formulato sul modello del ben più famoso rasoio di Occam, che suggerisce:

Il concetto è attribuito allo statunitense Robert J. Hanlon, che avrebbe formulato questo assunto, o quantomeno lo avrebbe divulgato, intorno al 1980. In una forma semplificata è noto anche come

Presunte origini della massima
Questa massima, assertrice di un principio di economia di pensiero sulla falsariga del noto rasoio di Occam che suggerisce di non presumere cause inutili o improbabili per spiegare un evento per cui esistano cause più probabili e verificabili, è stata per lungo tempo di incerta attribuzione. Nel 2001 un certo Joe Bigler di Scranton (Pennsylvania) attribuì la frase al suo defunto amico Robert J. Hanlon, raccontandone anche l'origine: nel 1980 la casa editrice Price Stern Loan di Los Angeles aveva in progetto di dare un seguito al Libro di Murphy, raccolta di massime, paradossi e aforismi (detti Leggi di Murphy) consolidati nella cultura occidentale a cura di Arthur Bloch; per questo secondo libro, che fu dato alle stampe con il titolo di Murphy's Law Book Two: More Reasons Why Things Go Wrong, l'editore indisse un concorso a premi al fine di stimolare i lettori a suggerire le massime migliori. Secondo Bigler il signor Robert J. Hanlon inviò all'editore la battuta in oggetto e fu premiato con 10 copie del nuovo libro, di cui una fu donata da Hanlon allo stesso Bigler.

Un'altra versione, che contraddice quella suesposta, viene dal blogger canadese Bill Clarke, che sostiene che la frase sia originariamente sua: infatti Clarke nel 1974, quando aveva 17 anni, scrisse un romanzo di fantascienza dal titolo Axioms of a Mad Poet a firma W.C. Clarke, in cui figura la frase «Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity». Benché sia stato pubblicato da un quotidiano di Toronto nell'ambito di un progetto estivo di promozione di giovani scrittori, Clarke riconosce che si tratta di un lavoro puramente amatoriale. Inoltre lo stesso Clarke sostiene che il nome "Robert Hanlon" è frutto di un errore tipografico: esso si riferirebbe in realtà a Robert A. Heinlein, noto autore di fantascienza, nel cui Logica dell'Impero (1941) figura un passo che recita: «Hai attribuito a malvagità circostanze che si spiegano più semplicemente con l'idiozia». Benché Clarke attribuisca la primogenitura del concetto a Heinlein, egli sostiene che la massima dovrebbe chiamarsi Rasoio di Clarke in quanto egli la formulò nella maniera con cui è tutt'oggi nota e più succinta dell'originale.

Il principio di presumere ignoranza o stupidità laddove si tenderebbe istintivamente ad assumere malafede o cattiveria viene indicato tra l'altro come indice di saggezza: difficilmente si considera se stessi in malafede per cui quando si assume malafede come causa di una controversia, normalmente la si attribuisce alla controparte. Presumendo invece incompetenza o ignoranza si è più portati a considerare che la responsabilità delle incomprensioni può essere ascritta alla propria parte e non necessariamente a quella altrui.

Citazioni analoghe
A prescindere dalle varie attribuzioni, il concetto che nelle linee essenziali suggerisce di non presumere cattive intenzioni in quei casi dove l'errore umano o la semplice mancanza di raziocinio basterebbero a giustificare un'azione sconveniente fu espresso in varie forme in epoche anteriori a quelle dei soggetti citati in precedenza: Wolfgang Goethe, nei Dolori del giovane Werther (1774), scrive infatti che «…l'incomprensione reciproca e l'indolenza fanno forse più male nel mondo della malignità e della cattiveria. Almeno queste due ultime sono certo più rare»; Friedrich Schiller, altresì, disse che «...neanche gli dei possono nulla contro la stupidità umana». Ad Albert Einstein è attribuita una frase apocrifa sul potere della stupidità: «Due cose sono infinite: l'universo e la stupidità umana, ma quanto al primo ho ancora dei dubbi».

Nel manuale Truppenführung, saggio sulle strategie militari e sulle tecniche di comando a opera del generale tedesco Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord, l'alto ufficiale traccia quattro profili-base di soldato in base ai vari gradi di indole e di intelligenza: Hammerstein pone ai gradi più alti gli intelligenti e i laboriosi, adatti secondo lui alle cariche di Stato Maggiore; quelli stupidi e pigri li considera in qualche maniera utili; coloro che uniscano intelligenza e pigrizia possono essere in qualche maniera adatti al comando, in quanto dotati di «temperamento e nervi saldi per affrontare qualsiasi situazione»; invece coloro da allontanare subito sono gli stupidi laboriosi; si potrebbe presumere che la ragione di questo convincimento sia nel fatto che, essendo laboriosi, essi non si limitino a essere inutili come quelli pigri, ma dannosi.

Carlo M. Cipolla formulò una teoria della stupidità umana nel suo libro Allegro ma non troppo (1988). Secondo la terza legge della stupidità: «Una persona è stupida se causa un danno a un'altra persona o a un gruppo di persone senza realizzare alcun vantaggio per sé o addirittura subendo un danno». Secondo la quinta legge della stupidità: «La persona stupida è il tipo di persona più pericoloso che esista» (Corollario: «Lo stupido è più pericoloso del bandito»).

La "teoria del casino"
Alternativa a quella della stupidità contro la malvagità, vi è una massima di Sir Bernard Ingham, per molti anni portavoce del Primo Ministro britannico Margaret Thatcher, che contrappone caos a macchinazione (prima il casino e poi il complotto ). Essa infatti recita: «Molti giornalisti hanno finito per sposare teorie di complotti governativi laddove, vi assicuro, sarebbe stato più produttivo per loro attenersi alla teoria del casino».

La banalità del male
La filosofa tedesca Hannah Arendt nel 1963 ha usato un'argomentazione simile per spiegare il pensiero, o paradossalmente l'assenza di esso, di Adolf Eichmann, gerarca nazista processato nel dicembre 1961 in Israele. Le riflessioni elaborate da Arendt sono contenute nel saggio La banalità del male.

Note

Bibliografia

Voci correlate
Allegro ma non troppo (Cipolla)
Carlo M. Cipolla
Legge di Murphy
Rasoio di Occam
Teoria del complotto

Collegamenti esterni

Epistemologia


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