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Conditions of Possibility
The Division of the Social Sciences is diverse. In the same department we can find people working on game theory and ancient Greek (e.g., Political Science), Mayan language or the learning pathways of ground squirrels (Comparative Human Development), search engine algorithms and ethnography of nail salons (Sociology). What we share is the drive to derive explanation from the staggering complexity of our world, whether the questions be about public health or public finance, early childhood education or the demographics of aging, ancient history, contemporary international security, climate change, or any other.
Over the past few centuries the disciplines we know as the social sciences emerged to address this complexity, from the level of the individual to that of society. Along the way they have generated—or happily borrowed and transformed—any number of methodologies. Statistics was born, as its name implies, from the attempts of social scientists to describe and understand the populations and administration of states. Today computer and data sciences have emerged as powerful tools that both generate complexity and help us address it. Once again, as this issue of Dialogo shows, the Division is taking the lead in adapting these tools to the questions that animate us, questions about human life in society.
Unless the computational and statistical tools of the "data revolution" are put into a mutually transforming dialogue with the theoretical frameworks of the social sciences, they will produce neither explanations nor theory, but only "answers" without questions. And conversely, if they do not adapt computational techniques to questions where they are applicable (an important caveat!), social scientists lose an opportunity to scale theory to new levels of data complexity. An important part of our time in the Dean's Office these past few years has been spent creating the conditions of possibility for what we are calling computational social science. Just this fall the Division welcomed the inaugural cohort of students to the new MA Program in Computational Social Science. The program—which also offers a certificate for PhD students and training to undergraduates—emphasizes the methodological advances and perspectives that arise at the intersection of computational and statistical methodologies and specific domain knowledge in the social sciences.
Speaking of new technologies, this issue of Dialogo marks a transition from a focus on print to a more intentional online presence for the Division's newsletter. I hope you will return often to our corner of the cloud, and that each time you do the content of these virtual—but substantial!—pages will remind you, as it does me, of the exhilaration of discovery that is our shared privilege as members of this extraordinary community of social scientists.
David Nirenberg
Deborah R. and Edgar D. Jannotta Professor of Medieval History and Social Thought; Dean, Division of the Social Sciences
David Nirenberg, Dean of the Social Sciences Division and Deborah R. and Edgar D. Jannotta Professor


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EAA Programs Touted at FAA Symposium
September 20, 2018 — Young Eagles is acknowledged throughout the aviation community as one of the most important programs to welcome a new generation into flight. This sentiment was on full display as professionals from all facets of the flying community gathered on September 13 for the FAA's Aviation Workforce Symposium in Washington, D.C.
Sean Elliott, EAA's vice president of advocacy and safety, was part of a panel on programs to bring young people into aviation, the first step for those wishing to pursue an aviation career. Encouraging young people into aviation careers, whether as a pilot, mechanic, air traffic controller or other aviation professional, is an urgent need.
"As aviation professionals from all areas spoke to the gathering, it was gratifying to hear there was an overwhelming acknowledgement of EAA Young Eagles as one of the leading programs created to introduce young people into flight," Elliott said. "That's a credit to all the volunteer pilots and ground support people whose dedicated efforts have flown more than 2.1 million kids – thousands of whom are now involved in aviation careers. No other program has been that effective."
During the event, Elliott also shared a copy of EAA's new Aviore comic book with FAA Acting administrator Dan Elwell. FAA acting deputy administrator Carl Burleson later took the comic up on stage to show it to the entire forum. Aviore, a cooperative project by EAA, Marvel Comics legend Stan Lee, and the Stan Lee Foundation, is a superhero who uses his abilities and aviation for positive results. Issue 1 of the Aviore comic series was unveiled at AirVenture 2018, with more issues to come with a goal to reach beyond the usual aviation-inclined youth groups.
"At a time when we need to see interest in aviation careers going up, the data is trending in the opposite direction," said Elwell, who noted that commercial air travel is expected to nearly double by the year 2036, with 117,000 new commercial pilots needed in North America alone during that time. "The number of private pilots holding active airmen certificates has decreased by 27 percent in the last ten years. The number of commercial pilots in the same period has decreased by 21 percent."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A $450m industry leader with over a half century of experience was in the process of a large (international) acquisition, which would increase the size of company by 40% when completed. Their private equity firm initially preferred to hire a national search firm for this important assignment but decided to back the CEO's decision to hire a "local boutique" firm, who knew the market. Within a month of receiving assignment, key executives were identified and hired. After ninety days of the executives' start date, CEO wrote a glowing report to the board and indicated the skill sets of both people were perfectly aligned with the needs of the company and integration is moving forward very smoothly.
A $2 billion national restaurant company hired a well-known retained search firm, with offices all over the world, to find its Director of Taxes. After six months of not finding the right candidate, the CEO asked the HR department to call DBL Associates to assist in the search. The issue was that not that the candidates could not do the job; the issue was finding a candidate who could understand and embrace the unique culture of the company. Within a short amount of time, the Director of Taxes was identified and hired. DBL worked with the CFO and HR department to sort through a total of fifty candidates. Our initial recommendation was ultimately hired.
A private equity firm, specializing in the mid-market space, hired a retained search firm to find a CFO for its manufacturing plant, a leading manufacturer of proprietary asphalt emulsions and related products. After evaluating many candidates, DBL Associates was approached to do the search, even though the position was located in Arizona. We determined we could find the ideal candidate based on our extensive network of CFO's. The role required a traditional financial skillset and a history of interacting and providing great value to private equity partners and a "COO" mindset. After an extensive nationwide search, we located the ideal "metrics driven" candidate.
A major entertainment company was in need of a Director-level finance professional for their strategic planning department. DBL Associates identified a strong candidate with the perfect skillset and cultural attributes; during the interview process the candidate received an offer to attend Harvard Business School and had to decline the imminent offer. Immediately after graduating from HBS, we approached the candidate with an opportunity to interview for a higher level finance position with the same entertainment company. The candidate, recognizing he had "entertainment" his blood, accepted and eventually became their CFO.
A not-for-profit organization, serving the most academically-gifted students in the most economically distressed communities in Los Angeles, approached us to find a Program Director. We ultimately found two individuals who apparently had the right skillset and motivation to lead the organization. The organization initially decided to hire the individual who, on paper, with a Wharton finance degree, blue chip company background, and great interview skills; however, after a few weeks they soon realized the less experienced candidate was ultimately the best fit. The "second" candidate has been a terrific addition to this remarkable organization and is now the Executive Director. Drive and motivation is more important than a "perfect" resume.


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Landmark report: Influence of religion on Scottish schools increasing
By Victoria Weldon
The Religion in Scots Law report claims that religious influence is increasing in Scottish schools
RELIGIOUS influence on education in Scotland has been "significantly strengthened" in recent years, according to a landmark report.
The Religion in Scots Law report found that while other areas of public life – including marriage – have become more secular, education is the "major exception".
The research points to an "increasing" influence on schools - a finding which has been disputed by both the Catholic Church and Church of Scotland, which claims its role in education is "measured and appropriate".
The Humanist Society Scotland, which instructed the report, argues that the time has come for a move toward a more secular education system.
The report, produced by Glasgow University, states: "For the most part, in other areas, the general trend has for some time been towards the secularisation of the law.
"The major exception to this is education.
"Education is an area in which the influence of religion has changed its form, but has in many ways been increasing.
"There is no question that education in the school classroom and the university lecture theatre has been secularising. But this is in contrast to changes in curricular and governance structures which have not diminished, but rather strengthened the place of religion."
At present there are 370 denominational schools in Scotland – 366 Catholic, three Episcopalian and one Jewish.
The Catholic Church continues to have the right to discriminate in favour of Catholic staff and pupils in denominational schools, while council education committees must reserve three places for religious representatives one from the Catholic Church, one from the Church of Scotland and another for an alternative religious group.
There are also rules governing the amount of time which should be set aside for "religious observance" in schools.
The Humanist Society believes there is now a need for reform.
Society chief executive Gordon MacRae said: "For us the most significant theme in the report is a weakening of the position of religion in Scots law in all areas, except education; where it has been significantly strengthened in recent years.
"Humanist Society Scotland supports the move towards an inclusive, secular education system where children and teachers are not discriminated against because of their religion or belief."
He added: "This report will be a key catalyst for the ongoing public debate about the role of religion in education. In the coming weeks and months we will be outlining our position for reform of the education system in Scotland."
A spokesman for the Church of Scotland said it had been a "defining force" in shaping Scotland's education system.
He added: "Today we retain an active interest in the moral and spiritual development of children. We believe this is measured and appropriate given that churches and faith groups of every kind are invited to reflect the traditions and beliefs which are a significant part of our common culture through religious observance and Time for Reflection.
"Repeated scrutiny of the current arrangements by Members of the Scottish Parliament in recent years has not found any compelling need for change."
Catholic Church spokesman Peter Kearney argued that, in some ways, religious influence on education has diminished - pointing to the move away from religious observance of "Christian character" in non-denominational schools.
He added: "When the Catholic Church agreed to hand over all of its schools to the state, part of that agreement was that they would continue to represent the interests of the Catholic Church.
"That's why the church continues to have a role in some aspects - that was the agreement with the state."
Mr Kearney also suggested that the Humanist Society should "put their money where their mouth is" and set up their own schools representing their views if they feel so strongly about it.


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MIT Science Reporter—"Big Magnets" (1961)
PRESENTER: The MIT Science Reporter brings you Big Magnets, a program about the new National Magnet Laboratory at MIT. Science reporter, Dr. Bert Little's guests are Dr. Benjamin Lax, Director of the Laboratory, Dr. Francis Bitter of MIT, a pioneer in high-powered magnet design, Dr. H. Fernandez-Moran, a research biologist from the Massachusetts General Hospital, and Mr. Max Swerdlow from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research which is sponsoring the laboratory.
INTERVIEWER: Research with high magnetic fields is one of the most active and productive areas in science today. High fields are used to probe the nucleus of the atom. They're used to study the plasma fuel for controlled atomic fusion, to investigate the electrical properties of solid materials, giving valuable information toward such developments as transistor technology. And very recently, they've been used in a new area, biomagnetics. This is the study of high magnetic fields in relation to living things.
Now certainly, one reason for this mushrooming activity was the announcement last year of the National Magnet Laboratory to be built at MIT. The laboratory is designed to accommodate a large number of experiments in many different fields and it is hoped, experiments from all over the world. The laboratory sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. And it will be a unique facility.
It will house the strongest magnets in the world. Work is already underway. The magnets have been designed. And although construction has not yet begun, the laboratory is expected to be finished by 1963 at a cost of $6 million. Now the idea of a large scale effort to produce very high magnetic fields for research was developed in great part by Dr. Benjamin Lax and Dr. Francis Bitter.
Dr. Lax is now head of the laboratory and is also the director of the Solid State Division at MIT's Lincoln Laboratory at Hanscom Field in Bedford, Mass. Dr. Lax, why do you want very strong magnetic fields?
LAX: Well, we are very much interested in the basic properties of electrons and solids. These influence to a great extent the behavior of the electrical, the optical, and the magnetic properties of the solids themselves. Electrons behave entirely differently in a crystalline environment than they do in free space. For example, if we put an electron in a solid and we try to accelerate it in different directions along the crystal, we find that it behaves differently. That is, the mass is different.
Similarly, if we put it in a magnetic field and the electron goes around in circles, the rate at which it rotates about the magnetic field will be strongly influenced by the direction of the magnetic field relative to the crystal axes. As a matter of fact, if we put radio frequency or microwave frequency together with this magnetic field, we arrive at a phenomenon known as cyclotron resonance, which has been tremendously successful in probing the interior of the solids.
Now on the other hand, if we look at the magnetic properties, similarly, the crystal environment will influence the electron, which is a tiny little magnet. And as we turn the magnetic field along different directions, there will again be a complex behavior. Now up to now, solid state experiments, for the most part, have been carried out in conventional electromagnets which were of the order of maybe 20,000 oersteds or about 40,000 times that of the Earth's magnetic field.
But today, with these high magnetic fields, we can increase these to 200,000 Gauss or more by a factor of 10. And this will open up a new host of possibilities, new experiments, the old experiments with greater precision, greater accuracy. And therefore, we are tremendously excited. In addition, we hope to be able to achieve and examine some practical things.
For example, we have looked at what we call the tunnel diode, which is a new member of the transistor family. And when we put this in the magnetic field at low temperature, we found tremendous effects on the electrical properties, the resistivity, for instance, of a metal or semiconductor is strongly influenced by the magnetic field. It, of course, has directional properties because of the crystalline property itself.
INTERVIEWER: Sure, sure. Magnetic fields then primarily affect the electrical and magnetic properties of solids-- their conductivity and their electrical resistance, their ability to amplify currents and their magnetism and so on. And it is these electrical properties that are contributing so much right now to modern electronic technology, with the transistor, and the semiconductor and other electronic devices which figure so highly in computers and space technology. Dr. Lax, do you think this kind of technological success provides a spurt of basic research? We usually think of this as happening the other way around.
LAX: Well actually, the two go hand in hand. Sometimes technology gives an impetus to additional basic research. On the other hand, often basic research leads the way and gives a rise to improved technology. However in many cases, the two go hand in hand.
For example, I would say today, high magnetic fields in terms of superconductors are a technological development which are going to give tremendous impetus to new developments, new research. At the same time, the technology itself will have to be developed in order that superconducting magnets become a practical reality.
INTERVIEWER: They're a big problem, I guess actually.
LAX: Yes.
INTERVIEWER: Right. Dr. Lax, you call this new laboratory National Magnet Laboratory. What do you mean by this? You must have some specific reason for giving it that name.
LAX: Actually, it's the basic philosophy behind it. We are building a very expensive instrument. And furthermore, this kind of instrument cannot be justified for any single individual or a single group.
And in terms of the number and kinds of experiments we can carry out, it is expected that we will have participation by many scientists in addition to those at MIT, those from university laboratories, from government laboratories, and even from industrial laboratories. We intend to encourage graduate students to carry on their research, post doctoral fellows, and distinguished visiting scientists from this country and from anywhere in the world, for that matter.
INTERVIEWER: But the laboratory is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research.
INTERVIEWER: What arrangements do you have with them? I mean, will Air Force projects receive priority? Or how do you work it?
LAX: Well actually, the Air Force is a very enlightened sponsor of research. They are our modern patrons. And we have had very little problems. They have given us very little in terms of scientific direction. And they have supported us in a very liberal way.
Furthermore, I think this answers the fears of many who are worried about interference by government agencies. Actually, our relations have been excellent.
INTERVIEWER: Good. Well, thank you, Dr. Lax. Now one of the most exciting things about this new laboratory is the very great strength of the magnets that it will house. Magnetic fields are measured in Gauss. The Earth's magnetic field is about 1/2 Gauss.
But one of the new magnets to be built for the National Magnets Laboratory will be capable of producing a continuous field of up to 250,000 Gauss. Dr. Francis Bitter of MIT is supervising the design and construction of all the magnets for the new laboratory. Dr. Bitter is a pioneer.
In the mid '30s, he developed a magnet capable of sustaining a field of 100,000 Gauss. That was the highest sustained field ever attained at that time. This is Dr. Bitter's laboratory at MIT, built in the late '30s. It now houses 10 magnets ranging from about 80,000 to 100,000 Gauss.
Such large magnetic fields as these require very large electric currents. They heavy black tubes you see leading into the magnets are water-cooled buses, heavy copper cables that carry the power. The power is supplied by a giant generator which converts the alternating current from the city's power supply to the direct current needed by the magnets.
The 10 magnets are all controlled from a central board. Power can be diverted from one magnet to another for greater flexibility. And this system will be incorporated into the new laboratory.
The 10 magnets in this laboratory support 18 separate research projects. Now in a situation like this, there has to be a good deal of internal cooperation. One man readies his experiment while another gets power and takes his readings. And still a third might be waiting for his turn.
This particular experiment is designed to measure certain electrical properties of a solid material. A sample is put into the central core of the magnet and the power is turned on. And the high magnetic fields cause the electrons in the sample to react in a way that can be measured and analyzed.
Much the same kind of work will be done in the new laboratory. But even so, work in this one will continue much is it has for nearly 25 years. But the new magnets will far outdo the old ones in size and scope. This is a full scale model over here of the new magnet which will produce the big 250,000 Gauss field.
This field itself is exceptionally strong. But even more important is the fact that it can be maintained for a very long time. The magnet was designed by Mr. Bruce Montgomery and Dr. Francis Bitter. Dr. Bitter, will you tell us about it please?
BITTER: Yes, I'd be glad to. First of all, these strong magnets that we are talking about consist essentially just of coils of wire or a conductor of some kind, conducting a current. And the field is produced inside of them. This is the model of the latest newest magnet which we are proposing to build.
And in it, there is essentially a conductor in the form of a coil which can carry tremendous currents-- 40,000, 50,000, 60,000 amperes, as compared with the 1 to 10 amperes that you have in an electric light cord. And the field is produced in this central region down in here.
Now with these big currents, the magnet would very soon melt if it weren't for the fact that it was cooled. The same energy that you have to supply to drive this magnet makes the filaments in electric light bulbs red hot. And this heat has to be taken away. In this particular magnet, the water comes in through these pipes here and flows out through there. And then the current will come in through water cooled conductors at these electrodes here.
I've always been fascinated with the problem of designing new magnets of this kind. The challenge is something like that which is given to a mining engineer when he's asked where you should dig to find gold, or diamonds, or oil, or whatever it would be. How can he tell?
Well, he has to study the whole geologic formation, make maps, models, and then finally says here. We have the same kind of a problem. We might build lots of different kinds of magnets which would blow up, or not work properly, or not work as efficiently as those which somebody else might produce. So we have to study the whole area and finally decide that the most promising region is here. And we built a model sometimes when it's very important and get at problems of this kind.
Now then, magnets are not only required to make strong fields. One also wants high precision magnets, magnets in which the fields are extremely uniform for certain kinds of work. And I want to illustrate what I mean by a high precision tool with a simple example of measuring, for example, the diameter of my finger.
An ordinary ruler would be quite sufficient to say roughly 3/4 of an inch. But my finger has sort of variable dimensions. It isn't smooth. So it isn't important. It makes no sense to make very refined measurements.
On the other hand, if you have a rod like this and you want to use it as a bearing, you want to know its diameter very much more accurate. And the ruler is simply not suited to this sort of a measurement. You have to go about it quite differently. And the way you do in modern technology is to get a micrometer. Now this is an entirely different sort of a thing.
Similarly, we are designing high precision magnets. Of course, on the outside, they'll have a case like this. But what goes on inside will be very different. And we'll have special features to make highly precise uniform and constant magnetic fields in them.
INTERVIEWER: Dr. Bitter, you've devoted a good deal of your life to the design of large field magnets. And this is the biggest one yet. Now I know your eagerness to build magnets has come about because you wanted to use them for research. But why magnets?
BITTER: Well, magnets have fields around them which are penetrating. You need probes to find out what's going on inside matter. For instance, if a doctor wants to know if you have a broken bone or a busted appendix or something like that, he has to probe with his fingers and feel what's in there. Well now, magnets are surrounded by fields which penetrate all matter.
Little magnets have around them such fields. Now if I take this magnet and hold it near my finger, the field extends right through the inside and it probes essentially the solids, the liquids, the atoms, even the nuclei inside of my finger.
INTERVIEWER: All right.
BITTER: But now how do you find out what's going on inside? The point is that each atom is made up of tiny little magnets. And each one vibrates in a particularly characteristic way and sends us, in this way, signals as to what's going on inside.
INTERVIEWER: But then why do you need such big magnets?
BITTER: Well if I'm examining a situation with various tools, for example if I'm examining my finger with a lens here, I can go just so far. But then if I want to go further, I need better tools. And this is a better tool than the magnets we've had.
INTERVIEWER: I see. These very large magnetic fields require proportionately large amounts of electric current to generate them. And yet over the past few years, there has been a real breakthrough in magnet design which allows for very high fields with relatively little current.
The phenomenon is called superconductivity. And it's a term that you'll be hearing more about in the next few months. Dr. Bitter, would you explain what superconductivity is?
BITTER: Well, the details are very difficult to explain. But the facts are simple. If you take a piece of wire and put a current through it, you need a voltage to drive the current. Because there is resistance to the flow of the current through the conductor. Except in certain metals and alloys at very low temperatures for reasons which have only recently been clarified, you need no such force to drive the current. The current will flow by itself.
INTERVIEWER: Almost no resistance, then.
BITTER: That's right. There is no electrical resistance. And so there is no heat effect. And this, although it's been known for many decades, was not of very great interest because the magnitudes of the currents that could be used in such known superconductors was small.
But recently, it's been discovered that in certain alloys, you can send very great currents in the presence of high magnetic fields. And this opens up a whole new area of technology which will greatly supplement what we are doing here.
INTERVIEWER: Very good. Thank you, Dr. Bitter. These very precise magnetic tools we've been talking about hold great promise for one of the most exciting areas in the application of high magnetic fields. This new area is the area of biomagnetics, magnetic research with living systems.
Pioneer work on several aspects of biomagnetics has been done this past year. But one of the most promising seems to be in the further development of the electron microscope. Now this microscope is the foundation of all modern medicine. Without it, we would not even see such deadly germs as some of the viruses like the polio viruses.
There are lots of these deadly germs that we can see with the electron microscope. Dr. H. Fernandez-Moran, of the Massachusetts General Hospital, is a very special kind of doctor. He's a biologist and an electron microscopist. That is to say he works with one of the most powerful microscopes yet designed to do basic research on the fundamental nature of living things.
He has conceived of a possible way to use new superconducting magnets to make an electron microscope of even higher power and precision. Dr. Moran, will you tell us about your microscopic work, please?
FERNANDEZ-MORAN: Actually, electron microscopes, which use electromagnets primarily to focus electrons, are but one of the many analytical tools for basic biological research which will become available with increased knowledge in high magnetic fields. The electron microscope has already permitted us to extend the useful magnification of microscopy to magnifications of about a million times. For example, in a virus, it is now possible, like in this bacterial virus, to pinpoint many of the larger molecules which play a role in its function.
The electron microscope inherently should go much further if it were not for the fact that the lenses are imperfect ones. And now with the possibility, for example, of the new superconducting high field lenses which are completely stable, as has been demonstrated, among others, by Dr. Autler here at the Lincoln Labs, it should be possible to design microscopes which will go down to the limits of resolution of the present art and permit us to see the details of molecules and even certain parts of atoms and imperfections of atoms in bodies.
INTERVIEWER: Now in addition to this fundamental work, there has been a small but extremely intriguing body of work done on the direct application of high magnetic fields to living things. Papers have been published about the effect of high fields on longevity, on cancer, on psychotic disturbances-- on body tissues generally. Most of this work is still too new to make any but the most general speculations about it. But we'd like to know what this work is and what you see in it for the future.
FERNANDEZ-MORAN: Well it's very interesting work. It's still highly preliminary. In fact, at the forthcoming high field magnetic conference to be held at MIT, the first coherent account will be given of some of this work. It ranges all the way from the effect of weak fields, the Earth's magnetic fields on orientation in animals, from snails to pigeons, to some very recent correlation between the admission of psychotics and disturbances in the Earth's magnetic field.
It's still too early to evaluate this. But one thing is certain, that high magnetic fields will play a great role in all biological sciences. In medicine, for instance, one can already foresee the use of these fields for focusing electron beams in the destruction of certain cancers in localized regions of the body or the use of superconducting magnetic shields to protect man against the radiation belts he is likely to encounter when he ventures out into space. It's a whole order of magnitude of tools that we now have in an area which in the past has shown such a capacity for fruitful interaction between the various disciplines.
INTERVIEWER: Thank you very much, Dr. Moran. Now all this work owes a great part of its existence to the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, which is providing complete financial support for the laboratory. Armed forces-sponsored research has been the subject of considerable controversy. It's been attacked from at least two sides.
On the one hand, people say armed forces-sponsored research is tainted research, tied down to military projects, not free to follow the research wherever it leads. On the other hand, people say the government has no business spending the taxpayers' money on projects that just might not pan out. We've heard Dr. Lax's view about this first objection.
He described his relations with the Air Force as very satisfactory from the scientist's point of view. But my next guest is Dr. Max Swerdlow, Project Scientist in charge of the National Magnets Laboratory for the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Mr. Swerdlow, will you answer the second objection, why does the Air Force spend money on basic research anyway?
SWERDLOW: Well normally, I should become annoyed at a question like that. You mentioned something about tainted research. I would say it's not tainted. It's very much needed. The Air Force is a technological organization.
It's basing its entire superiority in aerospace upon its exploitations of technology as we know it. It draws from this larger reservoir of knowledge, generally called basic research. It should pay some of it back if you want to look at it on just a direct consumer point of view.
Conservation of our resources-- these resources are materials. They're human resources. They're energy sources. Now Dr. Lax has indicated to you how important and how profound the use of a high magnetic field may be in understanding the behavior of solids and matter in general.
We're very much concerned about this. Because the more we understand about materials, the better uses we can put them to. For example, the little simple crystal that is the basis for the transistor is just a little nearly perfect arrangement of atoms of germanium. But it has revolutionized the whole electronics industry.
We can now have a whole radio station put into a small aircraft and flown simply because of the reduction in weight. And consequences like this can make profound changes in our whole weapons systems plans. The DEW line, the Distant Early Warning station that are locating radars up around the Arctic Circle, was an awful job to install and maintain. With the use of new electronic sensing devices, known as a maser, which is a very--
LITTLE: What is a maser?
SWERDLOW: Well, it's an acronym.
INTERVIEWER: In two words.
SWERDLOW: It's a simple little device based on a crystal of aluminum oxide that can sense very weak signals and amplify these signals in such a way so that the static or the noise associated with these weak signals are kept in the background. And if we had maser up at the DEW line, we could eliminate one out of every 9 if only the maser were three times as sensitive as the present radar set. We could scan 27 times more space with them. So you can see that these things have long reaching and very important economic effects as well as military.
INTERVIEWER: True. Well thank you very much, Mr. Swerdlow. This has been very interesting indeed. Now we have a very good background for the exciting work that's sure to be coming out of the National Magnet Laboratory.
But next week, the MIT Science Reporter turns to a very different problem, the bleak poverty and ignorance which causes up to 1/2 the children in Central America and other developing parts of the world to die between the ages of one and five from malnutrition. My guest will be Dr. Nevin Scrimshaw, head of the Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Technology at MIT. And for 12 years, he's been head of the Institute for Nutrition in South America and Panama.
Dr. Scrimshaw let the work in INCAP developing a protein enriched flour. Incaparina, it was called. Some say that it's a food for the hungry angels of the world.
PRESENTER: This has been WGBH videotape production.


text:
Llamas Are The Move
Such a great time to be a llama, you guys. There's no denying that the animal is in the midst of a serious career renaissance, after falling out of the public eye in recent years. In the new Dirty Projectors video for "Stillness Is The Move," which is scientifically proven to be the jam of the year, lead Projector and part-time herder Dave Longstreth has some serious one-on-one time with a llama while his female bandmates get their Destiny's Child on in a field. Meanwhile, today marks the release of Wilco's long-awaited seventh disc, Wilco (the album), whose cover artwork prominently features a llama in a birthday hat. Or is it a camel? Shit, we can never tell the difference. Anyway, it's also scientifically proven that all even-toed ungulates are serious indie snobs, so today is probably the best day for them, know what I mean? Enjoy it. Video via P4K TV.
Dictated but not read by Andrew Daniels at 9:38 AM
Labels: destiny's child, Dirty Projectors, llamas, new album, New Video, Stillness is the Move, Wilco, wilco the album
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THE STARK ONLINE
WORLDWIDE AND NATIONWIDE
NEW MIGUEL JAMZ
Billboard: A Retrospective on International Charts
Back in high school I used to write down the songs on Casey Kasem's American Top 40 while listening on the radio. It took me a while to rea...
A Quick Inquisition with Ari Gold of The Honey Brothers
STARK vs. ARI GOLD of THE HONEY BROTHERS We caught The Honey Brothers last Saturday night at Music Hall of Williamsburg. Yes, most of the...
Seek and Destroy
2012 GOT WEIRD
We Owned You
Get some. It's the Best of 2010!
Best of '09. You know you wanted it.
Join the staff and a slew of music's biggest names for a week-long look at our favorite albums of the year.
The Late Greats
Vince A.
vince@thestarkonline.com
Matt (StarkNY)
starkny@thestarkonline.com
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MP3s posted on Stark are for sampling purposes only. Some staff members are musicians and big bad suits in the industry. We encourage everyone to support the artists on our site by buying their records and going to their shows. If anyone has a problem with any MP3 posted on our site just drop us an email and we will take it down.


Well, not too much new updates today. We received the second revision of the flier today and it still needs some more tweaking. It's close though! We have also received many packages in the past few weeks for the raffle. Let's just say that the raffle will be CRAZY. There are some REALLY great prizes for the raffle. Remember all raffle tickets are only $5 each. Admission is $10 per person ans also includes a raffle ticket. The plan is to take some pictures off all the raffle prizes we have so far and start posting them and thanking the people who have stepped up to support the show. Stay tuned!!


Lot 40 near Seigfred Hall will be closed for parking beginning at 11 PM on Friday, May 1, 2015 to accommodate an event occurring in the area. The lot will remain closed through the end of the day on Saturday, May 2, 2015.
Please reference the following link for lot closure locations.
Any vehicles remaining within the designated areas after 11 PM on Friday, May 1, 2015 will be cited/towed at the owner's expense.
Questions or concerns regarding parking should be directed to: Parking Services at 740-593-1917 or via e-mail to parking@ohio.edu.


George Lucas is worth, roughly, $3 billion. Between the takings of the original trilogy, and its 1997 re-release, the three prequels, the TV-spin offs, the video games, the novels, the comic books, the toys, the lunchboxes and the pillowcases, it's fair to say he has a steady income coming in. So luckily, Lucas is able to sit back on focus on that groundbreaking indie cinema he's been talking up for thirty years, his real passion projects, right?
Not so much, no. While the long-delayed "Red Tails" World War Two project is awaiting release some time next year, Lucas is going back to the dry-as-a-bone "Star Wars" well, and is set to re-release all six films in theaters in 3D. Starting with "The Phantom Menace" in 2012, one will be released at the same time (January/February/March) every year, ending with "Return of the Jedi" in 2017 (although this may be sped up if the box-office takings disappoint).
Supposedly, each conversion takes a year to complete, with Lucas personally supervising the process, leaving him plenty of time to make those difficult art movies. Once the process is complete, it'll serve "as a lead-in to the ultimate home viewing experience." At this point, of course, Lucas will be 73 years old, and that much closer to the grave, at which point, he will obviously be able to take all his money to whichever afterlife awaits him.
Of course, it's not just his fault, it's probably yours as well. While the fervent Star Wars fanbase has thinned over the years, thanks to the shoddy, unnecessary prequels, and the general disdain with which Lucas seems to treat his fans, there's still an audience for this — indeed, when "The Phantom Menace" hits, there'll be seven-year-olds who weren't even born when "Revenge of the Sith" hit theaters. And doesn't every generation deserve to sit through a series of joyless, lifeless, faintly racist prequels revolving around trade embargoes and senate votes before they can get to the good stuff?


text:
Q: Error executing cl.exe Trying to compile this game, And I'm getting this error:
Error executing cl.exe.

Here is the output log.
http://pastebin.com/qjjWr5tE
The relevant information is:
dragon.cpp
c:\documents and settings\xpmuser\desktop\client\dragon.cpp(13) : fatal error C1083:
    Cannot open include file: 'FPS.h': No such file or directory

Here is the main header.
http://pastebin.com/AyvUKen7

A: Given the error message:
dragon.cpp
c:\documents and settings\xpmuser\desktop\client\dragon.cpp(13) : fatal error C1083:
    Cannot open include file: 'FPS.h': No such file or directory

The problem is that your code in dragon.cpp includes a line:
#include "FPS.h"

and the compiler is unable to find a header of that name.
Review the file dragon.cpp and decide whether it really needs FPS.h.  If not, remove the line.  If it does, you must locate the file.  None of the other files you're compiling seem to use it, so it is not clear whether you really need it or not.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Golphin, inspiring golf's next generation, is pleased to announce that Scottish PGA Professional Kenny Nairn, a member of the PGA of Great Britain & Ireland and European Golf Teachers Federation has joined Golphin as a Brand Ambassador and will be endorsing all their products as well as their innovative platform Mypathway2Golf.
Here in the USA, Golphin pilot programs are underway. Kenny, who has been an early adopter of Golphin and is based in Orlando says, "I have been looking for the total package for our juniors. The clubs are so innovative and with the Mypathway2Golf platform, it gives me and my coaches all the tools to keep improving the next generation!" Golphin is very excited and honored to have Nairn collaborating with them as Golphin enters the United States market.
Kenny is a Golf Channel Academy lead coach and one of the Inaugural coaches for Golf Channel Academy(GCA), a dedicated network of Coaches. GCA coaches are on the network's news and instruction shows, including The Golf Fix and School of Golf.
An accomplished player, club fitter and coach, Nairn, the former Golf Professional at The Gleneagles Hotel in Scotland, the host of the 2014 Ryder Cup, and a native of St. Andrews, the Home of Golf, captured the professional division of the Wilson World Pro-Am Tournament at Pebble Beach in 2010, 2013 and most recently 2018. He was a former PING National Club Fitter and the Regional Club Fitter of the Year. Kenny is also certified in TrackMan(level 3), Titlist Performance Institute(level 1) and PING's nFlight Fitting Software. He teaches all facets of the game with a strong emphasis on the short game. Kenny was the National Golf Course Owners Association's Player Development Winner in 2007, and currently coaches several players on the LPGA, Ladies European Tour(LET), European, Web.com and PGA Tours.
Golphin, a junior golf business born out of Scotland, is poised to make its mark in the USA in 2019.
Keiron's comments are echoed across the country with many other prestigious facilities including Carnoustie, Royal Dornoch, West Kilbride as well as public municipal driving ranges and golf facilities all benefitting from the program. More kids playing golf with additional revenue generation for the facilities and instructors alike.
Golphin's approach is based on a deep understanding of the root cause. Understanding why things need to change, then innovate solutions around that understanding. It's not rocket science, or maybe it is. McPherson has used aeronautic engineering to design his golf equipment. A design partnership with biomechanics aerospace scientists based at Strathclyde University worked with McPherson and a select group of PGA professionals. The output, golf clubs with larger sweet spots, universal lie angles, lighter than the norm so easier to swing and keep balanced, gets the ball in the air, with more positive experiences, all leading to happy kids enjoying their introduction to the great game of golf.
A progressive series of golf balls starting with oversized soft balls designed to suit kids early stage development are also available. All rolled in to coaching products, a technological platform and retail offerings to whet the appetite of all aspiring young golfers. For the PGA professionals and golf facilities, an offering that truly helps add value to their program for young children. Additionally, Golphin offers USGA conforming products with their GFK Advanced product range that are now being played with by champion golfers in the UK.
Visit Golphin.com to find out more to assist junior participation and your revenue stream.


text:
Tricalysia obanensis är en måreväxtart som beskrevs av Ronald William John Keay. Tricalysia obanensis ingår i släktet Tricalysia och familjen måreväxter.

Underarter

Arten delas in i följande underarter:

 T. o. kwangoensis
 T. o. obanensis

Källor

Måreväxter
obanensis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: How can I load PowerShell 2 PSCX modules on a SharePoint Server that has PowerShell v3 installed? My current environment of SharePoint 2010 Enterprise Server is having some of the servers updated to support PowerShell v3.  At the moment we utilize PowerShell to manage some of the SharePoint Server Farm functions, including copying and installing WSPs, the Build and Deploy system is written in PowerShell.  Since SharePoint 2010 still requires PowerShell v2 for the Management Shell I am trying to keep both in place, the current setup has PowerShell actually installed in a separate directory, on D:, where we place the PowerShell scripts we use including the PowerShell Community Extensions.  All code is managed in SVN in order to maintain some control, as well as provide the ability to package and deploy it with the same Build and Deploy framework.
I have installed PowerShell v3 on a test SharePoint Server, this does allow me to run both version simulataneously, which is nice.  However, I am trying to utilize the same login profile and depending on what version of PowerShell is being started then I want to Import modules specific to either v2 or v3 of PowerShell.  This is where I am running into an issue.
My code to load the PSCX version depending on what Shell version of PowerShell I am running is:
if ($ModuleName -like "PSCX") {
  # Get the PS Version since this determines which one can be loaded
  $ver = $psversiontable.psversion.major
  $svnModPath = "C:\MAIN\trunk\PowerShell3\Main\Modules"
  # Load the PSCX v2
  if (Test-Path -Path $svnModPath) {
      # If this is a DEV machine, then basically running out of SVN
      Write-Host "Loading PSCX for DEV Environment PowerShell $ver"
  } else {
      # Server machine, so we want to take from the PowerShell install
      Write-Host "Loading PSCX for Deployed PowerShell $ver"
      $svnModPath = "D:\PowerShell3\Main\Modules"
  }
  if ($ver -eq 2) {
    $pscxPath = "\PSCX2.1.1\PSCX.psd1"
  }
  if ($ver -eq 3) {
    $pscxPath = "\PSCX\PSCX.psd1"
  }
  # Add the module path to the PSModulePath variable since this is not
  # being done by default on the Dev/SP machines, too many PSCX versions...
  $env:PSModulePath = "$svnModPath;" + $env:PSModulePath
  $svnModPath += $pscxPath
  $Module = Get-Module $ModuleName -ListAvailable | Where-Object { $_.Path -eq $svnModPath }
  # get time before
  $StartTime = Get-Date
  # import module
  Import-Module -ModuleInfo $Module -DisableNameChecking
  if ($? -eq $false) {
    Write-Error -Message "$($MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name):: error importing module $ModuleName"
    return
  }
  $ElapsedTime = (Get-Date) - $StartTime
  if ($ShowLoadDetails) { Write-Host $("    {0,-$Column1Width} [ Loaded in {1:0.00} s ]" -f $ModuleName,$ElapsedTime.TotalSeconds) }
}

When it gets to the point where it tries to get the Module it won't return anything with -ListAvailable, and even placing the path to the Manifest file doesn't find anything.  I have a structure where under PowerShell\Main\Modules I have

*

*PSCX - for PSv3

*PSCX2.1.1 - for the last stable version I have of PSv2

In trying to troubleshoot whether or not the Management Shell can find the v2 PSCX directory if I try Test-ModuleManifest I get an indication it has found the manifest file, but it never shows me any exported commands.
Is this possible to do without having to make major server configurations to support both versions of PSCX?

A: Turns out this is possible, but the PSD1 file HAS to have the same name as the directory.
Missed this on multiple readings of the PSCX file, but
  if ($ver -eq 2) {
    $pscxPath = "\PSCX2.1.1\PSCX.psd1"
  }

Should be:
  if ($ver -eq 2) {
    $pscxPath = "\PSCX2.1.1\PSCX2.1.1.psd1"
  }


This art piece is inspired by the rippled colours in Chrysocolla Stones and composure. I am inspired by geology when it comes to creating colour mixes that interest me. This stone is said to help in communication, so I worked with a pose in which I feel helps in effective communication- composure.
I've made up my own unique paint brushing effect to work in the charcoal. I then let the emotions run free with expressive splashes of acrylics, resin and resin-like mixes. This large canvas piece is ready to hang and sealed with high quality fixatives. Over 200 of my artworks have been safely shipped worldwide; with insurance and tracker included.


How we manage asbestos across our properties.
Asbestos is the name given to a group of silicate minerals commonly found in rocks worldwide (though not in the UK).
Asbestos fibres are flexible and mechanically strong, have high tensile strength and are chemical, electrical and heat resistant. Asbestos was commonly used raw (eg textiles and insulation) or combined with other materials (eg boards, asbestos cement).
Asbestos was banned in the UK in 1999. However, a lot of our housing was built or refurbished before this time and some properties contain asbestos materials. Products containing asbestos can look the same as those that do not, so you should always be careful.
It is our policy, in line with Legislation and the Health and Safety Executive's (HSE) Guidance, to leave asbestos-containing materials that are in good condition in place.
However, if an asbestos-containing material is in poor condition, is likely to be disturbed resulting in damage, or if a repair, improvement or alteration takes place on or near it, we will remove it.
The important thing to remember is that as long as asbestos-containing materials are in good condition they do not pose a risk.
Where could asbestos be in my home?
Asbestos: what are the risks?
Asbestos-containing materials are not a risk if they are in good condition. If they do become damaged or their condition deteriorates, then you and others may be at risk. Damaged asbestos containing materials can release fibres which, when inhaled, can cause serious diseases.
Developing an Asbestos Management Plan setting out how we will manage asbestos in our properties.
Carrying out surveys of individual properties, locations and communal areas.
Recording all asbestos information on our asbestos register.
Providing information about the presence of asbestos-containing materials to anyone who could potentially come into contact with them.
Employing accredited asbestos survey consultants and licensed asbestos removal contractors for all work involving asbestos-containing materials.
You have any concerns about asbestos containing materials in your property.
Any materials you think may contain asbestos or have been told contain asbestos have become damaged or disturbed.
Any material you have been told contains asbestos stays in good condition.
Before you carry out any DIY work you should get our advice. You may also need permission under the conditions of your tenancy. Remember, materials that contain asbestos which are in good condition are not a risk to your health.
Work on, damage or remove materials containing asbestos, including drilling, cutting, scraping or sanding.
Jet-wash or clean down asbestos cement roofing materials such as corrugated garage or shed roofs.
Remove old floor tiles or linoleum which could contain asbestos.
Items such as cookers, ironing board pads, fire blankets and oven gloves may contain asbestos. If you are planning to dispose of any of these items and think they may contain asbestos, please contact your local authority first for advice. These items are not Peabody's responsibility to remove.
Under the terms of your lease, leaseholders (homeowners) or freeholders are responsible for all fixtures and fittings within the property, which includes textured coatings such as 'Artex' and floor tiles.
We are responsible for the structure of the building and communal areas. It is best to leave any items you think contain asbestos in place if they are in good condition. For example, if you wish to lay carpet on top of floor tiles, use tape to hold the carpet down instead of carpet gripper rod, as this will damage the floor tiles beneath.
If you would like to remove materials that contain asbestos, we recommend that you contact an asbestos-removal contractor licensed by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) to carry out the work.
If you do remove asbestos as described, please tell us so we can keep a record and pass on any relevant information to new residents, contractors and third parties.
For further information, help or advice relating to asbestos please contact us.
Fire safety is a key priority for us – and there are a few simple steps you can take to reduce risks too.
Gas safety advice for residents.


text:
Q: Debugging in Google Chrome Is there a way to debug a specific function without knowing where it is?
For example you have a project that has 100 000 lines of code on a lot of files. To find some function that's triggered by some button you need to search a long time and then you put the break point. Is there some tools to do that when I click the button automatic to stop the debugger of Google Chrome?

A: On the right side of the Sources Tab look for Event Listener Breakpoints, expand the Mouse events, and select the click event, chrome will go into debugger mode every time there's a click event

A: You can check on the console tab what triggers your error, and what will be the files involved.
Here's an example on Chrome :
Chrome console example
On the left, you got the file involved (VM998 for example) and the corresponding line (3, for example).
Hope it helps.


Reliable vehicle valuations are imperative in automobile lending, but relying on external resources can greatly impede approval processes. Vehicle Valuator for Credit Unions from Fiserv does the work for you by providing pertinent information just a click away.
Vehicle Valuator allows for innate navigation, logical workflows and paperless processing through a seamless interface to Loancierge® for Credit Unions . No longer will credit unions need to maintain outside contracts with valuation services; Fiserv handles these contracts for you. With one less vendor to manage, credit unions can strengthen efficiencies in addition to saving significant time and money – not to mention speed up application processes.
Loancierge® for Credit Unions from Fiserv is a seamless loan origination solution offering intuitive navigation, workflows and paperless processing tools to strengthen lending operations, mitigate risk and increase loan efficiency to compete for loan opportunities.
For more information on Vehicle Valuator for Credit Unions and other Fiserv solutions, call us at 800-872-7882 or contact us.


text:
Q: Customize \tableofcontents How do I copy the format of the image?
My try:
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\renewcommand*\contentsname{\centering ÍNDICE}
\usepackage[tocfullflat]{tocstyle}
\usetocstyle{standard}

\begin{document}
    \newpage
    \tableofcontents
    \newpage

\section{ONE}
    \subsection{ONE ONE}
BLA BLA BLA.
    \subsection{ONE TWO}
BLA BLA BLA.
    \subsection{ONE THREE}
BLA BLA BLA.
\section{TWO}
    \subsection{TWO ONE}
BLA BLA BLA.
    \subsection{TWO TWO}
BLA BLA BLA.
    \subsection{TWO THREE}
BLA BLA BLA.
\section{THREE}
    \subsection{THREE ONE}
BLA BLA BLA.
    \subsection{THREE TWO}
BLA BLA BLA.
    \subsection{THREE THREE}
BLA BLA BLA.
\section{FOUR}
    \subsection{FOUR ONE}
BLA BLA BLA.
    \subsection{FOUR TWO}
BLA BLA BLA.
    \subsection{FOUR THREE}
BLA BLA BLA.

\end{document}

Thanks in advance!

A: Is that what you want?
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\renewcommand*\contentsname{\centering ÍNDICE}
\usepackage{titletoc}
\titlecontents{section}[0em]{\medskip\bfseries}%
{\thecontentslabel.\enspace}%numbered
{}%numberless
{\titlerule*[1.2pc]{.}\contentspage}%
%
\titlecontents{subsection}[0em]{\smallskip}%
{\thecontentslabel\enspace}%numbered
{}%numberless
{\normalfont\titlerule*[1.2pc]{.}\contentspage}%
%
\titlecontents{subsubsection}[0em]{\smallskip\bfseries}%
{\thecontentslabel\enspace}%numbered
{}%numberless
{\normalfont\titlerule*[1.2pc]{.}\contentspage}%

\begin{document}

\newpage
\tableofcontents
\newpage

\section{ONE}
\subsection{ONE ONE}
\subsubsection{One one one}
\subsubsection{One one two}
\subsubsection*{One one three}
\addcontentsline{toc}{subsubsection}{One one three}
BLA BLA BLA.
\subsection{ONE TWO}
BLA BLA BLA.
\subsection{ONE THREE}
BLA BLA BLA.
\section{TWO}
\subsection{TWO ONE}
BLA BLA BLA.
\subsection{TWO TWO}
BLA BLA BLA.
\subsection{TWO THREE}
BLA BLA BLA.
\section{THREE}
\subsection{THREE ONE}
BLA BLA BLA.
\subsection{THREE TWO}
BLA BLA BLA.
\subsection{THREE THREE}
BLA BLA BLA.
\section{FOUR}
\subsection{FOUR ONE}
BLA BLA BLA.
\subsection{FOUR TWO}
BLA BLA BLA.
\subsection{FOUR THREE}
BLA BLA BLA.

\end{document}


To disseminate knowhow, tools, resources and best practice guidelines, enabling system developers to make content and knowledge accessible, usable and exploitable over time, over media and over language boundaries.
Within the TrebleCLEF project, ELDA is the coordinator of the "Evaluation and Language Resources" Work Package (WP5). Within this WP, ELDA has conducted a survey on "best practices for MLIA resources" and is coordinating the production of CLEF evaluation packages (inventory of available resources from all CLEF campaigns, negotiation of IPR and distribution agreements, packaging of resources).
Events organized by ELDA : TrebleCLEF Advisory Board & Review Meetings in Paris, on January 13-17 2009.


text:
St. Louis Call Newspapers • February 27, 2020 • https://callnewspapers.com/candidate-filing-underway-for-aug-4-primary/
Candidate filing underway for Aug. 4 primary
St. Louis County Executive Sam Page will face two challengers in the Democratic primary this August.
Page, county Assessor Jake Zimmerman and Ladue businessman Mark Mantovani all filed Tuesday for the Democratic nomination for the county executive's post.
Also filing for the county's top spot were Republican Paul Berry III and Libertarian Theo Brown Sr.
Filing for county, state and federal offices for the Aug. 4 primary will continue through 5 p.m. Tuesday, March 31.
Also up for election are County Council seats in the 6th District of South County, along with the 2nd District and 4th District.
Incumbent 6th District Councilman Ernie Trakas, R-Oakville, filed Tuesday and will face two Democratic challengers.
Also filing in hopes to represent South County on the County Council were Rep. Bob Burns, D-Affton, who will be term-limited in the Missouri Legislature. Another Democrat, Alex Lange of Lemay, also filed to challenge Trakas.
Burns and Lange will face off in the Democratic primary Aug. 4; Trakas so far is unopposed on the Republican side.
Also filing Tuesday for the County Council were incumbents 2nd District Councilwoman Kelli Dunaway, D-Chesterfield, and 4th District Councilwoman Rochelle Walton Gray, D-Florissant.
In the 2nd District, Dunaway is so far unopposed.
Gray will have an opponent for the Democratic primary in the 4th District, with Hazelwood Board of Education President Mark Behlmann, also of Florissant, filing to run against her.
Missouri treasurer
Incumbent Scott Fitzpatrick of Cassville filed to run as a Republican, along with former Rep. Vicki Lorenz Englund of Sunset Hills, who filed as a Democrat.
U.S. House
U.S. Rep. Ann Wagner, R-Ballwin, filed for re-election Tuesday.
Filing to run against her as a Democrat was Sen. Jill Schupp. Martin Schulte of Ballwin also filed as a Libertarian.
In the 1st District that represents most of South County, Sen. Scott Sifton, D-Affton, is term-limited and cannot run for re-election.
Rep. Doug Beck, an Affton Democrat like Sifton, is the only candidate so far to file for the seat.
In the 15th District that represents Sunset Hills in the Senate, incumbent Sen. Andrew Koenig, R-Manchester, filed to run for re-election. He was first elected in 2016.
Filing to run against Koenig was Rep. Deb Lavender, D-Kirkwood.
In the Missouri House, up for election are seats held by Democrat Sarah Unsicker of Shrewsbury in District 91, Beck in District 92, Democrat Burns in District 93, Republican Jim Murphy of Oakville in District 94, Republican Michael O'Donnell of Oakville in District 95, Republican David Gregory of Sunset Hills in District 96 and Mary Elizabeth Coleman, an Arnold Republican, in the 97th District.
Of the South County incumbents, Unsicker, Murphy, O'Donnell, Gregory and Coleman have filed for re-election.
Burns is term-limited. Beck is running for the 1st District Senate seat. To succeed Burns, Democrat Bridget Walsh Moore of Affton filed to run in the 93rd District.
In District 92, Republican Bill Heisse of Affton filed. A teacher for St. Louis Public Schools, he previously ran against Beck in 2018.
Michael Burton, a Democrat, also filed to run for Beck's seat. He previously mounted a run for the 5th District County Council seat in 2018, before leaving the race. He is most well-known for leading the activism at the council around Tower Tee.
Murphy is the only candidate to file so far in the 94th District.
O'Donnell is the only candidate to file for the 95th District.
Along with Gregory, also filing in District 96 was Democrat Erica Hoffman, who previously challenged Gregory in 2018.
In the 97th, only Coleman filed for re-election. The district is mostly in Jefferson County, but includes some areas of Concord in South County around Meramec Bottom Road and Hagemann Elementary.
Committee members file across county
Republican and Democratic township committee members also filed for office, with offices split by gender and party as township committeewoman and committeeman.
No one filed to represent Concord Township on either side of the aisle, yet.
No one has filed to represent the Gravois Township so far except Steve Reed of Sunset Hills, who filed to run as the Democratic committeeman.
In the Lemay Township, Mike Owen of Lemay filed to serve as the Democratic committeeman.
In Oakville, former Rep. Joan Barry filed to serve as the Oakville Township Democratic committeewoman. She also currently holds the position.
Former Mehlville Board of Education member Matt Chellis of Concord filed to serve as the Tesson Ferry Township Republican committeeman. The office is currently held by longtime Committeeman John Judd.
Incumbent Republican Committeeman Christine Hessel of Concord also filed to serve again as the Tesson Ferry committeewoman.
Other committee races elsewhere in St. Louis County also feature familiar notable officials and candidates.
Gray filed for Ferguson Township committeewoman on the Democratic side.
Councilman Mark Harder, R-Ballwin, filed as Republican committeeman for the Lafayette Township.
Councilman Tim Fitch, R-Fenton, filed to serve as the Republican Meramec Township committeeman.
Fitch's campaign manager Rene Artman of Fenton filed to serve as the Meramec Township Republican committeewoman.
St. Louis County NAACP President John Bowman filed as the Normandy Township Democratic committeeman.
Former Rep. Margo McNeil of Florissant filed as the Northwest Township Democratic committeewoman.
So far, one of the few contested committee contests will happen in the race for Norwood Township Democratic committeeman.
So far, former Berkeley Mayor Theodore "Ted" Hoskins, Elbert Walton Jr. and Terry Wilson have all filed for that office.
Gray's former legislative assistant and current county employee Tony Weaver of Florissant filed as the Spanish Lake Township committeeman on the Democratic side. His wife, Linda Reed Weaver, filed in the same township on the Democratic side.
Frequent county executive candidate Brown filed to serve as the St. Ferdinand Township Libertarian committeeman.
Former 1st District Councilwoman Hazel Erby, D-University City, who currently serves as one of the heads of the county's diversity initiatives, filed for University City Township Democratic committeewoman.
This story will be updated as additional candidates file.


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Draw Cars
Just another Knowledge Sites site
How do I learn to draw realistically? – Things To Draw Cartoons Characters
You can start this way, by having a friend practice drawing realistic people, things, and landscapes. You should have the ability to draw accurately and to draw well, and you should be able to draw the same thing to look better and to make your friends better. Once you have the ability to draw a few simple things that look good, then this method of learning can help you learn how to draw realistic characters, animals, landscapes, and all else you need to learn!
Also, don't be in a hurry. You have time to get practice. You have time to think about the stuff you just learned. You should keep practice up! It's not the most important thing in the world, but it helps a little to think about the stuff that you can. You have to work on it.
Do you have any tips for drawing more realistically or at all? Did anyone tell you anything I can use to improve my craft? Let me know in the comments!
The New Year is nearly over, which means it's time for me to break down what I'm up to in the next 3 months or so. But I'm going to start out with a little preamble from my top 3 projects of 2015. There's a number of reasons I like these projects, I'll address them a bit, and share some thoughts/ideas.
The first is to try to create a community out of our current community. I believe to succeed in this endeavor we need to have a clear focus on the value you bring to the club and your contributions as a member. I don't believe that is to be focused on just the league, I believe you should be a great ambassador for your club, both on and off the pitch. We need to be building an awesome football club community that we all can be proud of.
But the next part is to start getting ourselves involved in some of these local clubs as our own. What started as a hobby has become a hobby that is important for me. Because the more we focus on it, the better we want it to become.
I'm always eager to help out other clubs and try my best to take some of their efforts/ideas/ideas/etc. and bring them to ours. This could range from a single match or game, to a big fixture. From small details on the kit or club uniform, to a whole redesign / reinstall of the club kit/equipment/stadium, to an annual tournament/
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Child Support: Who Pays College Expenses?
With the multiple issues that must be addressed during the divorce process, it is understandable that tackling the subject of your child's future college expenses can feel overwhelming, especially when such educational concerns are not immediate. Preparing to fund an education set to take place in the very distant future may not be the first priority on your list while going through a divorce, but it is still an important task when it comes to securing the proper financial means for your child to expand their education down the road.
Who Is Responsible After the Split?
In many states across the nation, Illinois included, courts recognize a child's need for a college education. This means the courts may have the right to order one or both parties in the divorce to pay for an array of college expenses for the child they share together. They may do this by tapping into the property and income of each parent, or even through the estate of a deceased parent. The law requires the petition for these funds to be raised within a certain timeframe.
Similar to awarding child support values, the amounts the court may order one (or both) of the parties to pay toward a child's college expenses greatly depend on the circumstances, and the agreement must be negotiated. The court will take many factors into consideration before determining a certain amount. For example, at the time of the hearing, the party's financial resources will be taken into account. The court may even look at a new spouse's income. Say you remarry not long after your divorce and begin petitioning for financial help from your ex for your child's college costs. If your new spouse makes a significant amount of money that raises your overall income considerably, the court may add that hike in income to the equation. So, the question of who is responsible for your child's college costs will ultimately depend on a combination of these factors.
Educational expenses for a non-minor child can vary in nature. They are generally defined by tuition, fees, room and board, books, and personal expenses, but can also include everything from transportation costs and even some health costs. Delving into which expenses should be covered can be tricky, which is why it is important to create a thorough college support agreement that dictates the percentages of expenses each party is responsible for and that clearly outlines any limits. Some agreements even place restrictions on the educational institutions the child may choose to attend, in order to control and limit tuition costs.
The energy and financial arrangements required to negotiate college support agreements for your non-minor child can be time-consuming and emotionally draining, but if you desire to look after their educational wellbeing, the hard work can pay off in the end. If you are in need of assistance with your divorce proceedings and want help initiating college expense agreements, speak with a knowledgeable Kane County divorce attorney today. Call Shaw Family Law, P.C at 630-584-5550 for a personal consultation.


This morning we had an early wake up call. We were headed to our next home for a couple of nights. We called our Uber and they brought us to the tiny airport near our apartment. The airport is so small they don't even call it an airport. They call it an aeropark. We should have known that is was going to be an experience from the moment our driver dropped us off. He dropped us off at the wrong terminal, so we lugged our many bags over to the next terminal only to find a line for our airline around the building. We were assured by the lady directing the line that we would not miss our flight and to stay in the line. When we finally made it to the front of the line we were told we needed to pay for our additional bag. No problem, however we had to go to the cashier to do that. The line at the cashier moved even slower and our flight was literally taking off in 15 minutes. We decided I would go and see if I could hold the plane. I made it there with minutes to spare and enrolled the lady at the gate to hold plane a couple of minutes while Brian went through security. They literally closed the hatch behind us. We were so close to missing our flight. I guess the lady was right, but something tells me she didn't think we would be cutting it that close.
An hour and a half later, we landed in Puerto Iguazu. We were exhausted. We got our bags and found a taxi. We ended up with a really nice driver named Jorge who offered to be our chauffeur for the next 2 days. The price was good, so we agreed. He dropped us off at our hotel and told us he would be back at 8:30am to take us to Iguazu Falls in the morning.
Once checked in, we immediately went in search of dinner. We found a nice restaurant. Afterwards, we went in search of bread to make sandwiches for our lunch tomorrow. After paying for the bread, I waited for my change. All I was given was a piece of candy. Confused, I ask the lady for my change. She told me that the candy was my change. Apparently, in Puerto Iguazu it is normal to get candy instead of money as change. Good to know.
When we got back to the room we learned that the wi-fi in our room was pretty non-existent and if we wanted to use the wi-fi we had to go to the reception area. So we made our way down there with our bottle of wine that we purchased the night before. I wrote and Brian did whatever he does on the internet.
I'm not sure if it was the wine, but as I write I am thinking of Hamilton. Again, if you haven't seen it, it is worth every penny. Also, if you haven't seen it skip to the next entry as this is a spoiler alert.
There is a song in Hamilton about never being satisfied. Always looking for something else because you are never satisfied. When I was watching the show, I had an epiphany at that moment. That is me. I have never been satisfied. I am always wanting more. It was easy for me to be present with those I love, but being present in every moment was a challenge. I love theatre, but I always want to skip to the end halfway through. I was always looking for a better career. One degree wasn't enough so I got two, but I still wanted more. My Discovery trainer calls it always wanting "More, Better, Different". However, today, I can honestly say that for probably the first time in my life, I am truly and completely, Satisfied!


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Die katholische Kirche St. Bonifatius in Westrhauderfehn, einem Ortsteil der ostfriesischen Gemeinde Rhauderfehn, wurde in den Jahren 1852/1853 errichtet.

Geschichte
Schon in der Verleihungsurkunde zur Gründung des Rhauderfehns vom 19. April 1769 war der Bau einer evangelischen und einer katholischen Kirche genehmigt worden. Eine eigenständige katholische Gemeinde gründete sich im Jahre 1831. Ihre erste Kirche war ein Notbau, in dem Kirchenraum und Pfarrhaus unter einem Dach vereint waren. Diese entsprach schnell nicht mehr den Bedürfnissen der Gemeinde, so dass bereits 1833 ein Neubau geplant wurde. Dafür wurde der Gemeinde jedoch die Genehmigung versagt, weil sowohl die kirchlichen als weltlichen Behörden bezweifelten, dass die dafür nötigen finanziellen Mittel vor Ort aufgebracht werden konnten. Die Behörden verweigerten in dieser Zeit aus demselben Grund geplante Verbesserungen an dem vorhandenen Kirchengebäude. Auch die Standortsuche gestaltete sich als schwierig. Laut der Verleihungsurkunde von 1769 sollte die katholische Kirche in Rhauderfehn errichtet werden. Allerdings galt es, einen großen Abstand zu den evangelischen Gemeinden in Rhaude und Collinghorst einzuhalten. Dieses Problem wurde schließlich durch einen Gebietstausch gelöst, in dessen Zuge die Fehncompagnie einen Grundstücksstreifen von der Nachbargemeinde Langholt erhielt. Dieser Umstand ist Ursache für das bis heute bestehende Gerücht, die Kirche stehe in Langholt.

Schließlich wurde die Kirche in den Jahren 1852/1853 vom Baumeister Balle aus Aurich errichtet und im Jahre 1906 durch den Anbau eines Kreuzschiffes und eines Chorraumes erweitert. 1970,  1979 und 1990/1991 folgten Kirchenrenovierungen und Umgestaltungen des Chorraums.

Die Kirchengemeinde ist Träger der seit 1976 bestehenden Kindertagesstätte St. Michael.

Zusammen mit St. Bernhard Flachsmeer bildet die Gemeinde St. Bonifatius eine Pfarrgemeinschaft und gehört zum Dekanat Ostfriesland im Bistum Osnabrück.

Beschreibung

St. Bonifatius ist eine Saalkirche aus rotem Backstein mit Westturm. Der Turm ist in das Kirchenschiff eingebunden und wird durch umlaufende Gesimse in drei Geschosse gegliedert. Das oberste Geschoss dient als Glockenstube und hat in rundbogigen Blendnischen eine rundbogige Schallöffnung, über das das Zifferblatt der Turmuhr angebracht ist. Der achtseitige Spitzhelm ist verschiefert und wird von einem Turmknauf, einem Kreuz und einem Wetterhahn bekrönt.

Das Langhaus mit Satteldach weist ein etwas niedrigeres Querschiff auf. Die Langseiten werden durch Lisenen gegliedert, die in ein Fries enden. Rundbogenfenster belichten das Innere. Der polygonale Chor ist ebenfalls etwas niedriger als der restliche Baukörper. Die Bleiglasfenster des Chors sind im Originalzustand erhalten und zeigt teilweise figürliche Darstellungen.

Ausstattung

Die Skulpturen einer Pietà von zirka 1480, eines heiligen Antonius aus der ersten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts sowie der heiligen Familie, die etwa 1760 entstand, sollen aus dem aufgehobenen Franziskanerkloster Aschendorf stammen.

Im 1991 geweihten Altar sind Reliquien der heiligen Märtyrer Leopardus und Micinus sowie des heiligen Niklaus von Flüe eingefügt.

Die Orgel wurde im Jahr 1861 von Carl Krämer mit pneumatischer Spiel- und Registertraktur gebaut. Franz Breil renovierte das Instrument 1977, das über 16 Register auf zwei Manualen und Pedal verfügt.

Siehe auch
 Liste der historischen Kirchen in Ostfriesland

Weblinks

 Homepage der Pfarrgemeinschaft
 Präsenz auf Kolpingwerk

Einzelnachweise

Bonifatius, St.
Westrhauderfehn Bonifatius
Westrhauderfehn
Westrhauderfehn
Westrhauderfehn
Westrhauderfehn
Westrhauderfehn
Westrhauderfehn
Westrhauderfehn
Baudenkmal in Rhauderfehn
Westrhauderfehn


The legendary city of Alexandria was founded by Alexander the Great as he swept through Egypt in his quest to conquer the known world.
Now scientists have discovered hidden underwater traces of a city that existed at Alexandria at least seven centuries before Alexander the Great arrived, findings hinted at in Homer's Odyssey (http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/livescience/sc_livescience/storytext/hiddencityfoundbeneathalexandria/23859629/SIG=11pde6qr2/*http://www.livescience.com/history/ap_050930_homer.html) and that could shed light on the ancient world.
Alexandria was founded in Egypt on the shores of the Mediterranean in 332 B.C. to immortalize Alexander the Great (http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/livescience/sc_livescience/storytext/hiddencityfoundbeneathalexandria/23859629/SIG=11vhqm8er/*http://www.livescience.com/history/top10_alexander_great.html). The city was renowned for its library, once the largest in the world, as well as its lighthouse (http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/livescience/sc_livescience/storytext/hiddencityfoundbeneathalexandria/23859629/SIG=1d3ind80r/*http://www.livescience.com/php/multimedia/imagedisplay/img_display.php?title=The%20Lighthouse%20of%20Alexandria,%20Greeceπc=ig63_Lighthouse_Alexandria_02jpg∩=Both+practical+and+beautiful%2C+the+400-foot+lighthouse+at+the+mouth+of+Alexandria+harbor+started+guiding+sailors+home+around+250+BC.+A+fire+made+the+lighthouse+glow+at+night+and+a+mirror+reflected+sun+rays+during+the+day%2C+some+say+up+to+35+miles+away.) at the island of Pharos, one of the Seven Wonders (http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/livescience/sc_livescience/storytext/hiddencityfoundbeneathalexandria/23859629/SIG=12c9r28tq/*http://www.livescience.com/php/multimedia/imagegallery/igviewer.php?gid=65) of the Ancient World.
Alexandria was known to have developed from a settlement known as Rhakotis, or Râ-Kedet, vaguely alluded to as a modest fishing village of little significance by some historians. Seven rod-shaped samples of dirt gathered from the seafloor of Alexandria's harbor now suggest there may have been a flourishing urban center there as far back at 1000 B.C.
Coastal geoarchaeologist Jean-Daniel Stanley of the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History and his colleagues used vibrating hollow tubes to gently extract three-inch-wide rods of sediment 6 to 18 feet long (2 to 5.5 meters) from up to 20 feet (6.5 meters) underwater.
Collecting these samples underwater proved challenging. "Alexandria (http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/livescience/sc_livescience/storytext/hiddencityfoundbeneathalexandria/23859629/SIG=1d3ind80r/*http://www.livescience.com/php/multimedia/imagedisplay/img_display.php?title=The%20Lighthouse%20of%20Alexandria,%20Greeceπc=ig63_Lighthouse_Alexandria_02jpg∩=Both+practical+and+beautiful%2C+the+400-foot+lighthouse+at+the+mouth+of+Alexandria+harbor+started+guiding+sailors+home+around+250+BC.+A+fire+made+the+lighthouse+glow+at+night+and+a+mirror+reflected+sun+rays+during+the+day%2C+some+say+up+to+35+miles+away.) now is home to as many as 4 million people, and we were in the unfortunate position of having to deal with their discharge—human waste, municipal waste, industrial waste—which got released into the harbor," Stanley said. "It's not funny, but you have to sort of laugh."
Ceramic shards, high levels of lead that was likely used in construction, building stones imported from elsewhere in Egypt and organic material likely coming from sewage were detected in the sediment. These all suggest the presence of a significant settlement well before Alexander the Great came. The results are detailed in the August issue of the journal GSA Today.
"Alexandria was built on top of an existing, and perhaps quite important, settlement, maybe one that was minimized in importance because we can't see it now," Stanley told LiveScience. "Nothing really concrete about Rhakotis has been discovered until now."
Alexander the Great (http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/livescience/sc_livescience/storytext/hiddencityfoundbeneathalexandria/23859629/SIG=11smpop5t/*http://www.livescience.com/history/070514_tyre_bridge.html) likely chose this area for Alexandria since it had a bay to protect a harbor against fierce winter storms in the Mediterranean. "There are very few places in the Egyptian Mediterranean coast where the coastline is not smooth," Stanley said. "This would have been the best place to establish a harbor."
Stanley added this bay was even noted in Homer's epic Odyssey: "Now in the surging sea an island lies, Pharos they call it. By it there lies a bay with a good anchorage, from which they send the trim ships off to sea."
This area might have been a haven throughout ancient times for the Greeks, Minoans, Phoenicians and others. Future research could shed light on the life of mariners at this settlement before Alexander came. "Virtually nothing is known of the people who would have lived there," Stanley said.


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Rasmus Stjerne Hansen (født 26. maj 1988) er en dansk curlingspiller, som på klubniveau repræsenterer Hvidovre Curling Club, og som seks gange har repræsenteret Danmark ved junior-VM i curling. Rasmus Stjernes bedste internationale resultat blev opnået i 2009, da han ledte det danske hold til VM-guld ved junior-VM i Canada.

Rasmus Stjerne er søn af Tommy Stjerne, som bl.a. vandt bronzemedalje ved VM i curling 1990. Tidligere generalsekretær for Dansk Boldspil-Union (DBU) Jim Stjerne Hansen er Rasmus Stjernes farbror.

Privat danner Rasmus Stjerne par med curlingspilleren Lene Nielsen.

Eksterne henvisninger

 Profil på www.ol2014.dif.dk

Curlingspillere fra Danmark
Deltagere for Danmark ved vinter-OL 2014
Curlingspillere ved vinter-OL 2014
Deltagere for Danmark ved vinter-OL 2018
Curlingspillere ved vinter-OL 2018


text:
When crime and grime gripped New Jersey and New York City: Striking photos from the 1970s and 80s put impoverished neighborhoods on full display
Award-winning photographer and sociologist Helen M. Stummer took thousands of photos during her more than 40-year career capturing gripping scenes in New Jersey and New York
She captured gripping images showing impoverished people in Newark, New Jersey and New York City
Her exhibit titled 'Risking Life and Lens' is on view at the International Center of Photography in New Jersey
Of her stunning career, the 82-year-old told DailyMail.com: 'I became involved with communities. I don't just photograph and leave. I stay year in and year out and I become friends with the people.'
By Regina F. Graham For Dailymail.com
Published: 13:33 EST, 24 May 2018 | Updated: 17:04 EST, 24 May 2018
New York City in the 1980s was a terrifying place. Crime rates soared sky high with drug dealers and prostitutes openly working the streets of Gotham nonstop and the city was just about in financial ruin. Similar scenes of danger and destruction could also be found just across the Hudson River in impoverished neighborhoods like Newark, New Jersey – which at one point was named the worst city of all during the time period.
Award-winning social documentary photographer Helen M. Stummer captured dozens of gripping and heart wrenching scenes in both New York City and Newark during that time period and beyond.
Working for more than 40 years, Stummer, who is a visual sociologist, explained to DailyMail.com that she spent countless hours building relationships with many of the people she focused her lens on.
'I'd stay year in and year out and I become friends with people,' the 82-year-old said. 'That's how I overcame my fear or one of the ways. I come from the suburbs, and in the suburbs you're pretty much conditioned to fear anything that's different. I had to force myself out of that.'
Stummer shared that early on she was a painter and that she wanted to learn how to use her camera properly so that she could take images of the things she wanted to paint. She was accepted into the second class group at the acclaimed International Center of Photography (ICP) and was sent to the Lower East Side to photograph the neighborhood, which during the 1970s was full of crime and grime and was not the trendy hipster hotspot it is now.
New York City in the 1980s was a terrifying place. Crime rates soared sky high with drug dealers and prostitutes openly working the streets of Gotham nonstop and the city was just about in financial ruin. Award-winning photographer Helen M. Stummer took thousands of images showcasing impoverished neighborhoods over her 40-year career. The photo above was captured in 1979 of a young child with his hands over his head staring on East 6th Street in the Lower East Side
Similar scenes of danger and destruction could also be found just across the Hudson River in impoverished neighborhoods like Newark, New Jersey – which at one point was named the worst city of all during the time period. Stummer spent more than a decade in the city capturing run-down areas like the one pictured above on Clinton Avenue and Peshine Avenue in 1982
Stummer, who is a visual sociologist, explained to DailyMail.com that she spent countless hours building relationships with many of the people she focused her lens on. One of those people include the woman pictured above named Shirley, who Stummer often photographed. The image above was taken in 1979 on East 6th Street in the Lower East Side
'I stay year in and year out and I become friends with people,' the 82-year-old said. Stummer's relationship with Shirley developed with the mother allowing her inside of her home. The photographer captured the above image of Shirley with her twin daughter playing in 1978
Stummer also took her camera along with her to a Ku Klux Klan rally in 1979 in New Jersey (pictured above). At the time, she explained that she worked at a local newspaper as a reporter
Of the experience, she said: 'I mean it is a scary sight and I had never seen anything like that in reality. But I kept photographing everyone who was just hanging around out there. I don't really remember much of what really went on because I was so scared.' Pictured above is another photograph from that same KKK rally
One of the striking images Stummer captured in 1979 shows children playing in water from a broken fire hydrant while a mother holds her adorable baby girl up to dip her feet in the street water.
'You don't realize how cold that hydrant water really is. I don't know how that baby is in the water or any of the children,' Stummer said of the photo.
'I put my feet in there and it is beyond freezing, honestly it is so cold. But I loved that photo and capturing that moment with the mother, named Shirley, holding the baby who was named Michelle.'
She added that she spent a lot of time with Shirley and others in the then-impoverished neighborhood, especially at the Children's Aide Society, which was located on East 6th Street at the time.
'What I saw at East 6th street, I knew at that moment, it was an intuitive thing a gut thing, that I knew this was the place I wanted to photograph,' she revealed. 'And my whole foundation seemed to shift when I experienced that.
'I would go on the street and I became involved with the families. And that's how you get intimate photographs, you can't just go in and do it. It doesn't happen like that you have to spend time and that's what I did.'
But Stummer said she was forced to stop photographing the area around the Children's Aide Society when she was surrounded by drug dealers who were taking over the community.
'I would go to the Children's Aide Society and go on the street once or twice a week until the drug dealers told me I had to leave,' she stated.
Stummer seemingly first kicked off her photography career when she captured hundreds of images showing the Lower East Side thanks to her assignment while she was a student at the International Center of Photography. Pictured above are two young girls holding dolls in front of a building on East 6th Street in 1977
Stummer shared that when she first went out to take photos, she was so scared and her hands shook when she held the camera for the first six months. But eventually she settled into the community and was a regular on the scene. Pictured above is a scene on East 6th Street taken by Stummer in 1980
She also started to venture into Newark, New Jersey in the beginning of the 80s when crime was rampant in the then-impoverished neighborhood. Pictured above is a boy walking in the fog in Newark in 1982 that Stummer captured
She explained that her experiences early on gave her the confidence to go to neighborhoods where most people were scared to step foot in. Pictured above is a young girl named Danielle in 1990 holding a Rainbow Brite doll on the rooftop of her building in Newark
One of the most striking images Stummer captured is above showing three young children playing with dirt near illegally dumped tires outside of their residential building in 1992. 'I photographed there for 15 years. Trucks would come in the middle of the night and illegally dump tires and other things there,' she said. 'It made me so angry and I would take these photographs to the health department and the housing department, but nothing would happen
'1980 the heavy drugs came in and everyone was scared. I mean everyone. One day I was going to the Children's Aide Society like I usually did and before I knew it there were a bunch of men surrounding me.
'They had the chains and big hats on and seemed like they were nine feet tall because I was so scared. They told me they didn't want me taking pictures anymore and said if they see me with my camera out one more time, it's done, it's over.'
Luckily, Stummer escaped from being harmed during the incident and didn't return back to the area for years.
Another image that Stummer captured shows members of the Ku Klux Klan at a 1979 rally in New Jersey. At the time, Stummer explained that she was working as a reporter at a local newspaper and that she decided to go and take her camera.
'When I saw them, my first reaction was to laugh. I was going to tell them "please this is not Halloween", but it took only a few short seconds after that thought that my blood went really cold,' she said of the experience.
'I mean it is a scary sight and I had never seen anything like that in reality. But I kept photographing everyone who was just hanging around out there. I don't really remember much of what really went on because I was so scared.'
The 82-year-old New Jersey native also documented Newark's Central Ward for many years where she became friends with many of her subjects.
Another captivating photo she took shows the boy above named Ali who jumped into her frame at the last second. Stummer said she was focusing her camera on the men behind the boy outside of a building in Newark in 1999
The striking photos Stummer captured are currently on display at the ICP Gallery at Mana Contemporary Arts in Jersey City, New Jersey. The exhibit , titled 'Risk Life and Lens', is on limited viewing at the gallery and coincides with the publication of her new book Risking Life and Lens: A Photographic Memoir.
One of the captivating images she captured in 1992 shows three young children playing in the dirt near tires that were dumped just outside of a their home at 322 Irving Boulevard in Newark.
'I photographed there for 15 years. Trucks would come in the middle of the night and illegally dump tires and other things there,' she said. 'It made me so angry and I would take these photographs to the health department and the housing department, but nothing would happen.
'The landlord wouldn't fix those violations no matter what. What angered me so much is that it was such an injustice that kids had to play in these horrid places.
'They would get rashes and the parents were just so tired. They complained so much but never got anywhere with anything and so many of them were sick and it was just a total injustice to me.'
The striking photos Stummer captured are currently on display at the ICP Gallery at Mana Contemporary Arts in Jersey City, New Jersey.
The exhibit, titled 'Risk Life and Lens', is on limited viewing at the gallery and coincides with the publication of her new book Risking Life and Lens: A Photographic Memoir.
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Photos from 70s and 80s show New York City and New Jersey
Of course NYC was a sewer from the mid sixties unt...
by Michael Parish 368