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Political Ignorance
Rights and Wrongs of the Trump Administration's Revised Citizenship Test
Some of the changes are reasonable. But many of the new questions are badly designed and incorporate serious errors. Moreover, such tests raise the deeper issue of why immigrants are required to pass a test to get the right to vote, but natives are not.
Ilya Somin |The Volokh Conspiracy | 12.5.2020 3:32 PM
Perils of Trump's Conspiracy-Mongering About the Election
His promotion of far-fetched conspiracy theories about the election is highly unlikely to change the results. But it is damaging, nonetheless.
Ilya Somin |The Volokh Conspiracy | 11.21.2020 5:27 PM
Is there a Moral Duty to Vote in an Election Where the Stakes are Unusually High?
There could be in some situations. But less often than many assume. And, ironically, the same reasoning suggests many people would have a duty NOT to vote in such cases.
Two Important New Books on Knowledge, Bias, and Paternalism
Recent works by longtime intellectual antagonists Cass Sunstein (author of "Too Much Information") and Mario Rizzo and Glen Whitman (authors of "Escaping Paternalism") have a surprising amount of common ground.
Ilya Somin |The Volokh Conspiracy | 10.16.2020 11:57 PM
Political Ignorance Is Bliss
Could paying less attention to politics be better for you, your relationships, and society?
Christopher Freiman | 10.5.2020 6:00 AM
New Survey on Public Ignorance About the Holocaust
The poll shows extensive ignorance among millenials and Generation Z, and is consistent with many previous studies showing widespread ignorance about politics and history. But one of its findings may be less bad than it looks.
Ilya Somin |The Volokh Conspiracy | 9.16.2020 4:38 PM
Justifying a Moral Duty to Vote is a Lot Harder than You Might Think
Political philosopher Jason Brennan explains why.
Connecticut Passes Law Curbing Qualified Immunity—but with Loopholes
The law is a step in the right direction, but has significant limitations, that should be a warning sign for future reform efforts.
Ilya Somin |The Volokh Conspiracy | 8.2.2020 5:47 PM
How Foot Voting Promotes Political Freedom Better than Ballot Box Voting
Second in a series of posts based on my new book "Free to Move: Foot Voting, Migration, and Political Freedom"
Ilya Somin |The Volokh Conspiracy | 6.21.2020 11:05 AM
My New Book "Free to Move"—And Why I Wrote it
The first in a series of posts based on my book "Free to Move: Foot Voting, Migration, and Political Freedom"
Voting With Your Feet
Part I of Interview about My Book "Free to Move" with Yale Law Professor Jack Balkin
Professor Balkin asked me many great questions in interview just published at his Balkinization blog.
Ilya Somin |The Volokh Conspiracy | 6.8.2020 12:36 PM
Kindle Edition of My Forthcoming Book "Free to Move: Foot Voting, Migration, and Political Freedom" Now Available
It's available for preorder now, and will be delivered on April 23
Ilya Somin |The Volokh Conspiracy | 4.20.2020 12:19 PM
Should We Replace Traditional Elections with Sortition?
Recent controversies over election rules and the coronavirus threat have bolstered advocates of decision-making by randomly selected groups of voters. But this approach still has serious flaws.
When Should Lay Voters Defer to the Views of Scientists?
My 2015 post on this subject includes points relevant to our current situation.
Public Education as Public Indoctrination
A New York Times study describes how both red and blue states use public education to indoctrinate students in their preferred ideologies. This dynamic should dampen hopes that public education can fix the problem of widespread political ignorance.
Study Finds Almost 40 Percent of People in Eight European Nations Would Like to Live "in a World Where Chemical Substances Don't Exist"
Such scientific ignorance is common in th US as well, and can have a harmful influence on government policy.
My Contribution to the Inquiry Symposium on Jason Brennan's Book "Against Democracy"
The article is now available on SSRN.
Ilya Somin |The Volokh Conspiracy | 9.4.2019 10:50 AM
The Growth of the "Cultic Milieu" and the Spread of Harmful Ideas
Historian Stephen Davies provides a good explanation of why fringe "cultic milieu" ideas are growing in influence. It's a troubling development, but not one that should lead us to categorically abjure non-mainstream political ideas.
Why We Shouldn't Treat Survivors and Victims as Authorities on Policy Issues
The dispute over Harvard's decision to rescind the admission of Parkland shooting survivor/gun rights activist Kyle Kashuv should remind us of the reasons why we should not have given any special status to his views in the first place. The same goes for most others in similar situations.
Perils of "Democratic Socialism"
The seemingly new version of socialism advocated by many on the left today has all too many flaws in common with old kind.
The Rights and Wrongs of Electoral Interference
Russia's interference in the 2016 election was wrong. But the reasons why are harder to pin down than you might think. Not all foreign interference in elections is unjustified. Far from it, in fact.
Why Moral Progress Is Not Inevitable
Political theorist Jacob Levy reminds us that the arc of history doesn't always bend towards justice. Moral retrogression has happened before, and could well occur again.
The Perils of Zero-Sum Worldviews on the Left and Right
The awful ideology of the perpetrator of the recent terrorist attack in New Zealand is one of many examples of how far-right nationalists and far-left socialists have more in common than we often think. Both worldviews rest on the dangerous assumption that we are locked in a zero-sum game in which some groups can only succeed and prosper at the expense of others.
Reforming Democracy
A new symposium outlines several ideas for improving our democratic system. All are worth considering. But none are likely to be as good as expanding opportunities for people to "vote with their feet."
The Most Politically Intolerant Americans Tend To Be Urban, Highly Educated Whites, Survey Shows
An Atlantic article makes the case that some very privileged people don't want to hear from the other side.
Robby Soave | 3.6.2019 1:30 PM
Democracy in Decline?
If its recent record is any indication, Winston Churchill might have been wrong about democracy.
Loren Lomasky | 2.17.2019 6:00 AM
Why the Demand for Fake News is a Far More Serious Problem than the Supply
Canadian columnist Andrew Coyne explains why efforts to combat fake news by cutting off supply are barking up the wrong tree.
Survey Shows Most Extreme Opponents of GMO Foods Know the Least—Yet Think They Know the Most
The result is consistent with lots of other evidence of widespread ignorance and bias influencing public opinion on political and scientific issues.
Introduction to my book "Democracy and Political Ignorance: Why Smaller Government is Smarter" Now Available on SSRN
The Introduction to the revised second edition summarizes the rest of the book, and is available for free.
Should We Let Children Vote? The Troubling Implications of Standard Reasons for Rejecting a Flawed Idea
Few will agree with Cambridge political scientist David Runciman's proposal to lower the voting age to 6. But standard reasons for rejecting the idea raise serious questions about many adult voters, too.
Ilya Somin |The Volokh Conspiracy | 12.7.2018 11:40 PM
Political Ignorance and George H.W. Bush's Defeat in the 1992 Election
Bush lost because voters punished him for the recession of the early 1990s - an event he did not cause. This is just one example of a broader phenomenon of voters rewarding and punishing politicians for things they do not control.
Why a New Brexit Referendum Would Not be a "Betrayal" of Democracy [updated with response to Ryan Bourne]
If referenda are a legitimate mechanism for making political decisions, then it is also legitimate for them to be overruled by new referenda. Those who live by the referendum sword risk dying by it.
Libertarian Critiques of Democracy Can't be Refuted by Showing that it's Better than Dictatorship
Democracy is clearly superior to despotism. But libertarians are still right to worry about voter ignorance and advocate tighter constraints on government power.
Why Voting Based on Values Can't Overcome the Problem of Political Ignorance
Values are important. But so is factual knowledge about public policy. In some ways, the significance of values actually makes the problem of voter ignorance more pressing, not less so.
Political Ignorance and the Midterm Elections
It is not yet clear who will win. But widespread political ignorance already ensures many of us will be losers.
Why We Need Ideology
Niskanen Center President Jerry Taylor argues that we should reject libertarianism and other ideologies in favor of "moderation." But, in truth, we cannot and should not abjure ideology. Trying to do so is likely to increase bias, not curb it.
No, We're Not on the Brink of Civil War. But the Reasons Why We're Not Are Far From Entirely Reassuring.
Contrary to the fears of some pundits, the U.S. is not on the brink of civil war. But the explanation for that is far from entirely reassuring.
Partisan Bias, Motivated Reasoning, and the Debate Over the Kavanaugh Nomination
The debate over the sexual assault accusations against Brett Kavanaugh is a striking example of partisan bias at work.
Jeffrey Rosen on "Madison's Nightmare"
Legal scholar and National Constitution Center President Jeffrey Rosen explains how many of the Constitution's safeguards against "mob rule" have frayed. His description of the problem is compelling, though he is less strong on possible solutions.
Democracy Is Not the Central Value of the Constitution
Efforts on both right and left to make the democracy-promotion the key focus of constitutional law should be rejected.
Political Ignorance and Voting for a Lesser Evil
Canadian columnist Marcus Gee has an excellent article on how political ignorance exacerbates the challenges of voting for a lesser evil. But the problem is in some ways even worse than he suggests. At the same time, there is much we can do to improve the quality of our decisions.
Can We Help Save Democracy by Requiring Voters to Pass a Test of Political Knowledge?
Economist Dambisa Moyo is right to worry about the dangers of political ignorance. But her proposed solution for the problem falls short.
Symposium on Ganesh Sitaraman's "The Crisis of the Middle-Class Constitution"
The BU Law Review Online has a symposium on this important new book, with contributions by Richard Epstein, Dan Markovits, K. Sabeel Rahman , David B. Lyons, and myself.
Bryan Caplan's Case Against Education
A new book raises fundamental questions about the value of education spending.
Why We Shouldn't Give Special Credence to the Political Views of Young People and Victims
Recent events such as the student walkout to promote gun control raise the issue of how much credibility we should give to the political views of the young, and victims of crime. At least as a general rule, there is no reason to give those views any special credence.
Cato Unbound Symposium on "The Captured Economy"
The symposium focuses on Brink Lindsey and Steve Teles' important new book describing how several forms of government regulation slow economic growth, increase inequality, and reduce opportunities for the poor.
Public Ignorance and GMO Foods
Fear of GMO foods is an example of the broader problem of political and scientific ignorance.
Every Vote Does Count—But the Chance it Will Make a Difference is Still Ridiculously Low
A recent Virginia election decided by one vote has given new life to the mantra that "every vote counts." But the chance of a single vote making a difference remains extraordinarily low, and this reality incentivizes voters to be ignorant and biased.


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12 Amendments of Catherine TRAUTMANN related to 2007/0196(COD)
Amendment 40 #
Dominique VLASTO, Herbert REUL, Angelika NIEBLER, Paul RÜBIG, Nicole FONTAINE, Catherine TRAUTMANN, Ján HUDACKÝ
Proposal for a directive – amending act
Recital 4
(4) The Communication of the Commission of 10 January 2007 entitled "An Energy Policy for Europe" highlighted the importance of completing the internal market in natural gas and of creating a level playing field for all gas companies established in the Community. The Internal Energy Market Communication and the final Report on the Competition Sectoral Enquiry showed that the present rules and measures do not provide the necessary framework for achieving the objective of a well functioning internal market. On the other hand, the final Report on the Competition Sectoral Enquiry and the impact assessment produced to support the third legislative package on the internal energy market provided no convincing evidence that made it possible to establish the best or only way to improve the way that market works.
Committee: ITRE
(5) Without effective separation of networks from activities of production and supply, there is an inherent risk of discrimination not only in the operation of the network but also in the incentives for vertically integrated companies to invest adequately in their networks. The main motivation for investing is the remuneration received by the operator. Should the national regulatory authority set a low level of remuneration, this would lead to a decrease in investment. On the other hand, should it set a fair and proportionate level of remuneration, ensuring that revenue covers costs and pays off such investment, it would automatically generate an increase in investment, regardless of whether the network operator belongs to an integrated group. Therefore, the primary major determining factor for investment resides in pricing regulation and in the role and powers of the national regulatory authorities, which should be reinforced in order to complete the internal market to the benefit of the consumer.
(7) Only tThe removal of the inherent incentive for vertically integrated companies to discriminate against competitors as regards network access and investment can ensure effective unbundling. Ownership unbundling, which implies the network owner being appointed as the network operator and being independent from any supply and production interests, is clearly the most effective and stablone way to solve the inherent conflict of interest and to ensure security of supply. For this reason, t. The European Parliament, in its Rresolution on Pprospects for the internal gas and electricity market, adopted on 10 July 2007 referred to ownership unbundling at transmission level as the most effective tool to promote investments in infrastructures in a non-discriminatory way, fair access to the grid for new entrants and transparency in the market. Member States should therefore be required to ensure that the same person or persons are not entitled to exercise control, including through minority blocking rights on decisions of strategic importance such as investments, over a production or supply undertaking and, at the same time, hold any interest in or exercise any right over a transmission system operator or transmission system. Conversely, , considered moreover that the application of further unbundling measures for the gas sector is not straightforward, and therefore urged the development of specific solutions to enable this sector to achieve the completion of the internal gas market, taking into accountrol over a transmission system operator should preclude the possibility of holding any interest in or exercising any right over a supply undertaking the differences between the upstream and downstream markets.
Recital 8 a (new)
(8a) Member States that so wish may apply the provisions of this Directive relating to the effective and efficient separation of transmission systems and transmission system operators. This is effective because it helps ensure the independence of transmission system operators. It is efficient because it provides a more appropriate regulatory framework to guarantee fair competition, sufficient investment, access for new entrants and the integration of natural gas markets. It is based on a pillar of organisational measures and measures relating to the governance of transmission system operators and on a pillar of measures relating to investment, connecting new production capacities to the network and market integration through regional cooperation. It is in line with the requirements laid down by the European Council at its meeting in Brussels on 8 and 9 March 2007.
Recital 10
(10) The setting up of system operators independent from supply and production interests should enable vertically integrated companies to maintain their ownership of network assets whilst ensuring an effective separation of interests, provided that the independent system operator performs all the functions of a network operator or efficient and effective unbundling is implemented and detailed regulation and extensive regulatory control mechanisms are put in place.
Bernhard RAPKAY, Hannes SWOBODA, Norbert GLANTE, Robert GOEBBELS, Atanas PAPARIZOV, Anni PODIMATA, Catherine TRAUTMANN
Recital 10 a (new)
(10a) In complying with the regulations on effective and efficient legal unbundling, and provided that the network undertaking performs all the functions of the network operator and detailed regulation and extensive regulatory control mechanisms are put in place, vertically integrated undertakings may maintain their ownership of network assets whilst at the same time ensuring an effective separation of interests.
(11) Where the undertaking owning a transmission system is part of a vertically integrated undertaking, Member States should therefore be given a choice between ownership unbundling and, as a derogation,, effective and efficient unbundling of transmission systems and of transmission system operators, and setting up system operators which are independent from supply and generation interests. The full effectiveness of the independent system operator solution needs to be assured by way of specific additional rules. To preserve fully the interests of the shareholders of vertically integrated companies, Member States should have the choice of implementing ownership unbundling either by direct divestiture or by splitting the shares of the integrated company into shares of the network company and shares of the remaining supply and generation business, provided that the requirements resulting from ownership unbundling are complied with.
(11) Where the undertaking owning a transmission system is part of a vertically integrated undertaking, Member States should therefore be given a choice between ownership unbundling and, as a derogation, setting up system operators which are independent from supply and generation interests, and effective and efficient legal unbundling of transmission system operators. The full effectiveness of the independent system operator solution needs to be assured by way of specific additional rules. To preserve fully the interests of the shareholders of vertically integrated companies, Member States should have the choice of implementing ownership unbundling either by direct divestiture or by splitting the shares of the integrated company into shares of the network company and shares of the remaining supply and generation business, provided that the requirements resulting from ownership unbundling are complied with.
Amendment 116 #
(25) In view of the creation of an internal market for electricity, Member States should foster the integration of their national markets and the cooperation of network operators at European and regional level. Regional integration initiatives are an essential intermediate step in achieving European integration of energy markets, which remains the final objective. The regional level contributes towards accelerating the integration process by making it possible for the actors concerned, particularly the Member States, the national regulatory authorities and the transmission system operators, to cooperate on specific issues.
Article 1 – point 4
Directive 2003/55/EC
Article 7 – paragraph –1 (new)
"–1. In order to ensure the independence of transmission system operators, Member States shall ensure that, as from [date of transposition plus one year], vertically integrated undertakings must comply with the provisions of Article 7(1)(a) to (d) and Article 9 or with the provisions of Article 9b."
Article 1 – point 8 a (new)
Article 9 b (new)
(8a) The following Article shall be inserted: "Article 9b Effective and efficient legal unbundling of transmission systems I. Assets, equipment, staff and identity 1. Transmission system operators shall be equipped with all human, physical and financial resources of the vertically integrated undertaking necessary for the regular business of gas transmission, in particular: (i) transmission system operators shall own assets that are necessary for the regular business of gas transmission ; (ii) transmission system operators shall employ the staff necessary for the regular business of gas transmission ; (iii) appropriate financial resources for future investment projects shall be made available in the annual finance plan. The activities deemed necessary for the regular business of gas transmission mentioned in this paragraph shall include at least: – representation of the transmission system operator and contacts with third parties and the national regulatory authorities, – granting and managing third party access to the network, especially the access for new market operators and producers of biogas, – collection of the access charges, congestion rents and payments under the inter transmission system operator compensation mechanism in compliance with Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 1775/2005, – operation, maintenance and development of the transmission system, – investment planning ensuring the long- term ability of the system to meet reasonable demand and guaranteeing security of supply, – legal services, – accountancy and IT services. 2. The sharing of the staff and rendering of services, from and to any branch of the vertically integrated undertaking performing functions of generation or supply, shall be prohibited. 3. The transmission system operator shall not engage in any business or activity outside transmission which could be in conflict with its tasks, including the holding of shares or interests in any undertaking or part of the vertically integrated company or in any other electricity and gas company. Exceptions require the prior consent of the national regulatory authority and shall be restricted to shares and interests in other network businesses. 4. The transmission system operator shall have its own legal identity, significantly different from the vertically integrated undertaking with separate branding, communication and premises. 5. The transmission system operator shall not share any commercially advantageous and sensitive information with any undertaking of the vertically integrated undertaking unless it does so with all market participants in a non- discriminatory way. The transmission system operator shall, in cooperation with the national regulatory authority, define this information. 6. Transmission system operator's accounts shall be audited by another auditor than the one auditing the vertically integrated undertaking and all its affiliated companies. II. Independence of the transmission system operator's management, chief executive officer / executive board 7. Decisions on the appointment and on any early termination of the employment of the chief executive officer /members of the executive board of the transmission system operator and on conclusion or early termination of respective employment agreements with these persons shall be notified to the national regulatory authority. These decisions and agreements may become binding only if, within a period of 3 weeks after the notification, the national regulatory authority has not used its right of veto. A veto may be used if an appointment and conclusion of the respective agreement poses serious doubts as to the professional independence of the nominated chief executive officer / member of the executive board; in the case of early terminations of employment and of respective agreements with these persons, the right of veto may be used if serious doubts exist regarding the basis and justification of such early termination. 8. Rights of appeal to the national regulatory authority or to a court shall be guaranteed to the members of the management of the transmission system operator regarding early terminations of their employment. 9. The national regulatory authority shall decide on such appeal within six months. This time period may be exceed only in exceptional and duly justified cases. 10. After the termination of employment in the transmission system operator, chief executive officers / members of the executive board shall not participate in any branch of the vertically integrated undertaking performing functions of generation or supply for a period of not less than 3 years. 11. The chief executive officer / members of the executive board shall not hold any interest in or receive any compensation from any undertaking of the vertically integrated company other than the transmission system operator. Remuneration of the chief executive officer / members of the executive board shall in no part depend on activities of the vertically integrated undertaking other than those of the transmission system operator. 12. The chief executive officer or the members of the executive board of the transmission system operator may not be responsible, directly or indirectly, for the day-to-day operation of any other branch of the vertically integrated undertaking. 13. Without prejudice to the provisions above, the transmission system operator shall have all effective decision-making rights, independent from the integrated gas undertaking, with respect to assets necessary to operate, maintain or develop the network. This should not prevent the existence of appropriate coordination mechanisms to ensure that the parent company is able to set global limits on the levels of indebtedness of its subsidiary. It shall not permit the parent company to give instructions regarding day-to-day operations, nor with respect to individual decisions concerning the construction or upgrading of transmission lines, that do not exceed the terms of the approved financial plan, or any equivalent instrument. III. Supervisory board / Board of directors 14. The Chairman of the supervisory board/board of directors of the transmission system operator and all of its members shall not participate in any branch of the vertically integrated undertaking. They shall also not be members of the supervisory board/board of directors of any undertaking of the vertically integrated company. 15. The supervisory boards / boards of directors of transmission system operators shall also include independent members, appointed for at least 5 years. Appointment of the members of the supervisory board / board of directors shall be notified to the national regulatory authority and become binding under the conditions referred to in paragraph 7. 16. For the purpose of paragraph 15, a member of the supervisory board / board of directors of a transmission system operator shall be deemed independent if he/she does not participate in any business with, or has no other relationship with, the vertically integrated undertaking, its controlling shareholders or the management of either, which would create a conflict of interest, in particular: (a) has not been an employee of any branch of the vertically integrated undertaking performing functions of generation and supply in five years prior to the appointment as a member of the supervisory board / board of directors; (b) does not hold any interest in, and does not receive any compensation from, the vertically integrated undertaking or any of its affiliates except the transmission system operator; (c) does not have any relevant business relationship with any branch of the vertically integrated company performing functions of energy supply during his/her appointment as a member of the supervisory board / board of directors; (d) is not a member of the executive board of a company in which the vertically integrated undertaking appoints members of the supervisory board /board of directors. IV. Compliance officer 17. Member States shall ensure that transmission system operators establish and implement a compliance programme which sets out measures to be taken to ensure that discriminatory conduct is excluded. This programme shall set out the specific obligations of employees of the transmission system operator to meet this objective. The programme shall be subject to approval of the regulatory authority. Compliance of the program by the transmission system operators shall be independently monitored by the compliance officer. The national regulatory authority shall have the power to impose sanctions in case of inappropriate implementation of the compliance program by the transmission system operator. 18. The chief executive officer/ executive board of the transmission system operator shall appoint a person or a body in a function of a compliance officer who shall be responsible for: (i) monitoring the implementation of the compliance programme; (ii) elaborating a detailed annual report, setting out the measures to be taken in order to implement the compliance programme and submitting it to the national regulatory authority; definition of measures for the implementation of the compliance program and presentation of the report to the national regulatory authority; (iii) issuing recommendations regarding the compliance programme and its implementation. 19. The independence of the compliance officer shall be guaranteed in particular by terms of the employment contract. 20. The compliance officer shall have the opportunity to regularly address the supervisory board/board of directors of the transmission system operator and of the vertically integrated undertaking and the regulatory authorities. 21. The compliance officer shall attend all meetings of the supervisory board / board of directors of the transmission system operator that address the following areas: (i) conditions for access and connection to the system, including the collection of access charges, congestion rents, and payments under the inter transmission system operator compensation mechanism in compliance with Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 1775/2005; (ii) projects undertaken in order to operate, maintain and develop the transmission grid system, including interconnection and connection investments; (iii) balancing rules, including reserve power rules; (iv) energy purchases in order to cover energy losses. 22. During these meetings, the compliance officer shall prevent information about generators or suppliers activities which may be commercially advantageous from being disclosed in a discriminatory manner to the supervisory board/board of directors. 23. The compliance officer shall have access to all relevant books, records and offices of the transmission system operator and to all the necessary information for the fulfilment of the assigned tasks. 24. The compliance officer shall be nominated and removed by the chief executive officer / executive board only after the prior approval by the national regulatory authority. 25. Following revocation of the mandate of the compliance officer, the compliance officer should be barred from having business relations with the vertical integrated undertaking for a period of not less than five years. V. Grid development and powers to make investment decisions 26. Transmission system operators shall draw up a 10-year network development plan at least every two years. They shall take efficient measures in order to guarantee system adequacy and security of supply. 27. The 10-year network development plan shall, in particular: a) indicate to market participants the main transmission infrastructures that ought to be built over the next ten years, b) contain all the investments already decided and identify new investments for which an implementation decision has to be taken in the next three years. 28. In order to elaborate this 10-year network development plan, each transmission system operator shall make reasonable hypothesis about the evolution of generation, consumption and exchanges with other countries, and shall take into account regional and European- wide existing network investment plans. Transmission system operator shall submit in due time the draft of this plan to the national regulatory authority. 29. The national regulatory authority shall consult the draft plan with all relevant network users in an open and transparent manner and may publish the result of such consultation, in particular possible needs for investments. 30. The national regulatory authority shall examine whether the draft 10-year network development plan covers all investment needs identified in the consultation. The national regulatory authority may oblige the transmission system operator to amend his plan. 31. If the transmission system operator rejects to implement a specific investment listed in the 10-year network development plan in the next three years, Member States shall ensure that the national regulatory authority has the power to take one of the following measures: (a) to request, by all legal means, the transmission system operator to execute its investment obligations by using its financial capacities, or, (b) to invite independent investors to tender for the necessary investment in the transmission system and may, at the same time, oblige the transmission system operator: – to agree to financing by any third party, – to agree to building by any third party or to build the respective new assets, – to operate the respective new asset and –to accept a capital increase to finance the necessary investments and allow independent investors to participate in the capital increase. The relevant financial arrangements shall be subject to the approval of the national regulatory authority. In both cases, tariff regulation shall allow for revenues that cover the costs of such investments. 32. The national regulatory authority shall monitor and evaluate the implementation of the investment plan. VI. Decision making powers regarding the access of third parties to the transmission grid 33. Transmission system operators shall be required to establish and publish transparent and efficient procedures for non-discriminatory access of third parties to the network. Those procedures shall be subject to the approval of national regulatory authorities. 34. Transmission system operators shall not be entitled to refuse third parties access to the network on the grounds of possible future limitations to available network capacities, e.g. congestion in distant parts of the transmission network. The transmission system operator shall supply the necessary information. 35. Transmission system operators shall not be entitled to refuse a new access to the network on the sole ground that it would lead to additional costs linked with necessary capacity increase of grid elements in the close-up range to the connection point. VII. Regional cooperation 36. Member States which decide to cooperate on a regional level, shall place precise obligations on transmission system operators within a clearly defined time frame and progressively leading to the creation of a common regional dispatching centre responsible for security issues within six years of entry into force of Directive .../.../EC [amending Directive 2003/55/EC concerning common rules for the internal market in natural gas]. 37. If the cooperation between several Member States at a regional level encounters difficulties, following the joint request of these Member States the Commission may designate a regional coordinator. 38. The regional coordinator shall promote at a regional level the cooperation of regulatory authorities and any other competent public authorities, network operators, power exchanges, grid users and market parties. In particular, the regional coordinator shall: (a) promote new efficient investments in interconnections. To this end, the regional coordinator shall assist transmission system operators in preparation of their regional interconnection plan and shall contribute to the coordination of their investments decisions and, where appropriate, of their open season procedure, (b) promote the efficient and safe use of the networks. To this end, the regional coordinator shall contribute to the coordination between transmission system operators, national regulatory authorities and other competent national public authorities while elaborating common allocation and common safeguard mechanisms, (c) submit an annual report to the Commission and Member States concerned on the progress achieved in the region and on any difficulty or obstacle that may hinder such progress. VIII. Sanctions 39. In order to carry out the tasks assigned to it by this Article, the national regulatory authority: (i) shall be empowered to request any information from the transmission system operator and to directly contact all staff of the transmission system operator; if doubts remain, the national regulatory authority shall have the same power towards the vertically integrated undertaking and its subsidiaries; (ii) may conduct all necessary inspections of the transmission system operator and, if doubts remain, of the vertically integrated undertaking and its subsidiaries; Article 20 of Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 of 16 December 2002 on the implementation of the rules on competition laid down in Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty1 shall apply. 40. In order to carry out its tasks assigned to it by this Article, the national regulatory authority shall have the power to impose effective, appropriate and dissuasive sanctions to the transmission system operator and/or to the vertically integrated undertaking not complying with their obligations under this Article or any decisions of the national regulatory authority. This power shall include the right to: (i) impose effective, appropriate and dissuasive fines related to the turnover of the network company; (ii) issue orders to remedy a discriminatory behaviour; (iii) withdraw, partly or in full, the licence of the transmission system operator in case it repeatedly breaches the unbundling provisions set out in this Article." 1 OJ L 1, 4.1.2003, p. 1.
Article 2 – paragraph 2 a (new)
2a. The Commission shall report to the European Parliament and the Council annually on the formal and practical implementation of this Directive in each Member State.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
[VOD] SJS, Filming Ep. 135 & 136 (Good Morning Show)
credit: SBS NeTV, Kim Seung Hyun and Jung Eun Ah's Good Morning Show
(Episode 2523, aired on 12/15/2006)
This video clip shows the interviews with SJS while he was filming for episode 135 and 136.
In the beginning of the clip, it shows that SJS is in a studio dressing room checking the script. He says that he just finished filming one scene a moment ago and he comes in the studio dressing room so that he could focus on checking script.
Then he goes into the filming site of Yoon Hoo's office to film episode 135. Jisuk and Goo Hye Sun both have many NGs, which make the PD to stop the filming temporarily.
Then, before filming episode 136, Jisuk is watching a recorded clip shown on the TV in the studio dressing room. The clip shows a scene happened in Yoon Hoo's family. The reporter asks Jisuk if he'd like to go back to the house where Yoon Hoo's parents live. Jisuk answers, "Yes. I really want to go home because I really miss those scenes in which I and my family ate breakfast together at the dining table in the drama."
At the end of this clip, Jisuk, Lee Yoon Ji, and some filming crew go out to have lunch together. The reporter asks Jisuk why they are out for a lunch together. Jisuk answers, "Because my younger sister (LYJ) is going to treat us a lunch." LYJ laughs and asks Jisuk, "Am I treating the meal? Is Obba treating the meal?" Jisuk answers, "You will treat us a lunch." LYJ says with a smile, "We'll see after I see the menu." The reporter asks LYJ what restaurant they are going to. LYJ answers that she'd like to eat Korean style food for this lunch because she hasn't been in a restaurant offering Korean style cuisines for quite some time.
There is another video clip showing that Jisuk, LYJ, and other filming crew eat the lunch together in a restaurant offering Korean style hot noodles. In that clip, LYJ describes the features of Jisuk's charisma.
If you are prompted with a dialog box, click on "Yes" for SBS NeTV's video player to be installed on your computer.


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text:
Q: Jquery change checkbox when clicking other checkbox I have a list of checkboxes like this:
<input type='checkbox' name='cat' class='parent' value='cat1' />Category 1</input>
<input type='checkbox' name='foo' class='child' value='1' />SubCategory 1</input>
<input type='checkbox' name='foo' class='child' value='1' />SubCategory 2</input>

<input type='checkbox' name='cat' class='parent' value='cat2' />Category 2</input>
<input type='checkbox' name='foo' class='child' value='3' />SubCategory 3</input>
<input type='checkbox' name='foo' class='child' value='4' />SubCategory 4</input>

I would like to change the 'Category 1' checkbox to checked whenever I click it's subcategories without checking the other categories checkbox.
How can I do that?

A: Using the data attribute to set the cat. simply get this form the check event of the child elements:
    <input type='checkbox' name='cat' class='parent' value='cat1' id="category1" />Category 1</input>
        <input type='checkbox' name='foo' class='child' value='1' data-cat="1" />SubCategory 1</input>
        <input type='checkbox' name='foo' class='child' value='2' data-cat="1" />SubCategory 2</input>

....
    $('.child').change(function() {
       var cat = $(this).data('cat');
       $('#category' + cat).prop('checked', true);
    });

A: I made a slight change to your markup and wrapped the sets in a div each.
Now my code will uncheck the parent too if all its child-cats are unchecked and when you check the parent, all child cats are checked/unchecked
Live Demo
$(function() {
  $(".child").on("click",function() {
      $parent = $(this).prevAll(".parent");
      if ($(this).is(":checked")) $parent.prop("checked",true);
      else {
         var len = $(this).parent().find(".child:checked").length;
         $parent.prop("checked",len>0);
      }
  });
  $(".parent").on("click",function() {
      $(this).parent().find(".child").prop("checked",this.checked);
  });
});

A: You can id the subCategories as cat2_1, cat2_2 etc and then access the category element by means of the subcategory element by splitting the id by _ to obtain the category id.

A: Other answer
$(document).ready(function () {
                $("INPUT").click(function () {
                    if ($(this).attr("class") == "parent") {
                        var v = this.value;
                        var check = this.checked;
                        var ok = false;

                        $("INPUT").each(function () {
                            if (v == this.value) {
                                ok = true;
                            } else {
                                if (this.name=="cat") ok = false;
                                else if (ok && this.name == "foo") {
                                    this.checked=check;
                                }
                            }

                        });

                    }

                });
            });

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Spring has sprung and with all the green busting out on the vine, so too are great events happening everywhere. The Southern Makers, held in Montgomery, Alabama May 3, 2014 (with fun kickoff party is Friday May 2!), is a one day festival celebrating all things homegrown and handmade in Alabama. The event, which is held in the Union Station Train Shed in downtown Montgomery, is chock full of markets, workshops and educational sessions, and features tops chefs, fashion designers, woodworkers and farmers, all brandishing their talents and wares. It is an unprecendented opportunity to "Meet your Maker" as the venue touts, and never has there been a more inspiring gathering of southern talent in one place.
Icing on the funnel cake, all proceeds from ticket sales benefit E.A.T. South (Educate. Act. Transform), an organization that encourages healthy lifestyles through education and sustainable food production in urban areas throughout the Southeast.
Kudos to those behind the making of Southern Makers: the vision was realized, created and curated by architecture-engineering firm Goodwyn, Mills and Cawood Inc., design consulting firm Matter, and E.A.T. South.
If you're lucky enough to attend, kindly bend our ear about how fantastic it was when you are back! We'll be watching from afar, wishing we were there.
PHOTO CREDITS | All images have been provided by Southern Makers. Top two images were taken by Michelle Marie Photography, the third image by Grace Photography and the last graphic is the website which was designed by Matter.


text:
Abbey Street Businesses recalled with James Reddiough
The recent passing of Andy Forde prompted the scribe to reflect on the commercial life of Abbey Street in bygone decades. Andy of course had a lovely grocer shop and deli in the centre of the [...]
Abbey Street Businesses revisited.
Recently this columnist wrote an account of the businesses in Abbey Street and Joe Langan of the Men's Shed in Ballina spoke to me about it and he offered to give me a fuller account of the many [...]
Tadgh O' Leary – his Life and Times 1879 – 1959
He was born in Lehid, Ardea on the Kenmare Peninsula in South Kerry in 1879. He attended De La Salle College in Waterford and qualified as a teacher studying from 1899 to 1901. He undertook a [...]
Oatlands House and the RIC
Oatlands House was built in 1859 by Charles Downing a Justice of the Peace who bought the O Dowda Estate in 1854 after it was declared bankrupt under the Encumbered Estates Act of 1849. Downing [...]
The Days in the Bog are Numbered
By 2030 the turf machines will no longer harvest turf or peat to burn in power generating plants so the news tells us. Turf was important during the war the Turf Board was established as a semi [...]
1916 and the Decade of Commemoration
A special decade of commemoration has been organised by government. It is a decade of centenaries that is there to remember the historic events that influenced Ireland from 1912 to 1923 and it [...]
The Wakes of Yesteryear
My mother tells of how when they were young they would go to the dance in the local hall and on the way home they would go to the nearest wake house to keep the family company until day break and [...]
The United Irish League in Mayo
The United Irish League was founded on the 23rd January 1898 after a public meeting at the Octagon Westport, by William O' Brien MP. A broad range of nationalists was present. The League [...]
Bob Briscoe and the Struggle for Freedom
Robert Briscoe was born in Dublin in September 1894 to Jewish Lithuanian parents and it is believed that the family name could have been Cherrick in Lithuania. His father was a self – made man [...]
An Meitheal – ar scáth a chéile a mhaireann na daoine le Seamas Reddiough
Fadó, bhiodh na daoine ag teacht le chéile chun cabhair a thabhairt dá chéile chun obair na feirme a dhéanamh. Meitheal an tainm a bhiodh ar na grúpaí oibre seo. Anois agus an samhradh linn is [...]


Category: [Book] Infinite (INFINITE) - Official Card Collection VOL.2 (Star Card / Limited Edition) Configuration: Set Configuration: Infinite collection of 60 cards (10PACK) + Privilege Card Guide: Mini Stand Paper (random one kinds) Tin Case : Size 163 * 142 * 22mm / cans sleeve: Size 158 * 144 * 23mm / holographic paper Weight: 350g * for all the cards are in a random format. * One set does not contain any type of card. * This product was produced in limited quantities.
* Contains all the cards are in a random format.
* One set does not contain any type of card.
* This product was produced in limited quantities.


text:
Isabella Castillo and Matías Novoa: the reason for their breakup after two years of getting married
Isabella Castillo and Matías Novoa got married in December 2019 very much in love and starred in one of the most popular romances on television. The Cuban actress and the Chilean actor, who met during the recordings of the sixth season of "The Lord of the Skies", promised a future together, however, that did not put it because they announced their separation after two years of marriage .
MORE INFORMATION: The terrible accident that Isabella Castillo suffered during the recordings of "Malverde: the patron saint"
Through their social networks, Isabella Castillo and Matías Novoa surprised their followers with the announcement of their breakup. The actors dedicated a few words full of affection and respect, although now they will go their separate ways.
The news of their separation was confirmed on October 31, when the Cuban actress and the Chilean actor reported that they decided to end their marriage. Despite the pain of separation Isabella Castillo and Matías Novoa They thanked for everything they lived together and showed the love that they continue to have.
MORE INFORMATION: Isabella Castillo: the actress of "The Lord of the Skies" who fights against the aftermath of COVID-19
Isabella Castillo and Matías Novoa got married in December 2019 (Photo: Isabella Castillo / Instagram)
WHY DID ISABELLA CASTILLO AND MATÍAS NOVOA SEPARATE?
Through their Instagram accounts, Isabella Castillo and Matías Novoa They confirmed their separation after two years of marriage. The Cuban actress and the Chilean actor got married in 2019 in a dreamy religious ceremony, where they promised to love each other and follow their paths together, however, their love story came to an end.
Although many do not believe it yet, the breakup of Isabella Castillo and Matías Novoa is a fact and both confirmed it this Sunday, October 31, 2021 on their social networks. With two separate messages, each with their own words, they shared this difficult moment.
Isabella began her message by taking stock of their relationship and stressed that although there were difficult moments, love was always present: "There was everything while it lasted, wonderful moments, others not so much, but above all there was love and with that I I stay, "he wrote.
"Love is not envious, it is not boastful, it is not puffed up, it does not seek its own … love never ceases to be," continued the Cuban actress, and later revealed that it sets free whoever was her great love: "Matías flies, be happy, "he concluded.
Castillo accompanied her publication with several photographs of her religious wedding with the Chilean actor, which took place in 2019 surrounded by her friends and family, a moment that she herself described as "one of the happiest days of her life."
Matías Novoa, for his part, began his message on Instagram thanking Isabella Castillo for everything they lived together and highlighting that there was always joy in their relationship. "I thank you for all those moments that we live full of love, laughter, anger, sadness, but above all joy !!", he wrote.
Then he thanked Isabella Castillo for everything she learned at his side and stressed that love will always be present between the two of them. "I will keep our moments full of love that in the end is what our hearts keep. We go our different ways, but love will always exist. Thank you @isabellacastillodv ", he concluded.
Isabella Castillo and Matías Novoa met in 2018 during the recordings of the sixth season of "El Señor de los Cielos," the successful Telemundo production. The passionate relationship they lived in fiction moved to real life and their romance ended in a wedding in 2019, but sadly, their romance came to an end.
We would like to say thanks to the writer of this short article for this incredible content
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Name of person: David Howse.
I am this David Howse.
I am the parent or legal guardian of David Howse.
I am communicating the explicit wishes of David Howse as their sole designated representative in this matter.
David Howse is under 13.


text:
I Am Here by Nancy Devine
As my husband and I get ready for the day's work, storm clouds congregate low in the west and chill permeates the air as we stand outside this early April Easter morning, sipping coffee from Styrofoam cups. We're a little grizzled, sunscreen a paste that holds dirt on our skin, and, later, when we blow our noses, the tissue will hold not only our mucus but also soil that's been kicked up, part of the ground inside us.
We're not the first people to work this 20-acre tract of Minnesota land we bought in May 2011. There's abundant evidence of human activity. Rows of Norway and black spruce define the property's eastern and northern edge, an orderly arrangement to block wind. I can imagine someone with a spade, thrusting the pointed end into the clayey soil, wiggling it to create an opening, slipping in a seedling, taking the shovel out and covering the plant with dirt using his or her foot, then moving a few feet and doing that all over again and then again until night when the dark seems to rise from the ground, like dust. Between those rows are several old fire pits, rusted cans inside circles of field rock, an occasional glass jar nearby, remnants of someone huffing paint or some other aerosol. The property has been surveyed for us, the edges designated with orange tape streaming from wooden stakes and hot pink x's spray-painted on tree trunks.
But has anyone tried to raise crops here? We don't know. We hope to be the ones who turn the back 16 of these 20 acres into a fruit farm, this season's focus: planting black currants and elderberries, about 1,000 of each plant.
I look at this expanse, amazed that we own it, that people can really say this is ours about a field. But more than anything this property means work: smoothing and tilling and seeding and planting and picking and other actions I can't yet imagine. I know our bodies will ache from much of it that my husband and I will awake some mornings so sore that standing will seem like reassembling parts of ourselves into almost-versions of what we were the day before. Even with a tractor and attachments, we'll still have lots of physical work to do to get this soil ready.
I'm not afraid of or unaccustomed to work and what it yields. Our marriage has been a study in work. We remodeled our first house, an early 1900s place that succumbed to the 1997 flood in Grand Forks, North Dakota, where we live. There we re-routed a gas line, took down plaster lathe walls, refinished hardwood floors, me crouching with a detail sander to work around the legs of a cast iron radiator. We changed faucets and installed GFI outlets and put linoleum flooring in the kitchen, carefully cutting it with a carpet knife so it would fit around the cabinet bases. And though the Red River ruined most of, we weren't discouraged. We bought and remodeled another house, a split level with a huge yard teeming with fruit shrubs and trees, brambles and grape vines trained to grow along our dog's cage.
This morning, we begin hauling, one by one, slippery white bags of rye grain seed from the back of a trailer and carrying each to a spreader hooked to our tractor via a three-point hitch and a power takeoff. The PTO will activate the spreader, a red funnel about five feet high, dispersing the seed in a mini-tornado in our field. The rye grain will be a cover crop that not only fortifies the soil when the long grass and its pale seed tassels are tilled under come fall but also it will prevent wind erosion by adding heft to the dirt. This cover crop will prevent weeds from choking our young plants when we get them into the ground in the next month.
We heft each bag up and dump its contents into the hopper, where it swirls and settles, like sand poured into a human-sized pail. Some bags need to be finessed and worked once we open them over the spreader, so the seed can get completely emptied into the hopper, which isn't easy for me because the bags are heavy and slick like the Tyvek suits my husband wore when he did asbestos removal.
I run my hands through the seeds, which feel like rice, though, each is lighter. I find one hard corn kernel and just as I wonder about it, my husband climbs into the tractor. It's time for the seeding. I climb into the pick-up, which is outfitted with a drag attached by chain to its trail hitch, so I can cover the seeds with dirt after my husband has spread them.
My husband's welded this drag out of angle iron I've fastened to our truck by slipping a loop of its chain on the trailer hitch. The drag system hasn't worked as well as we hoped, but it has to suffice. Originally there were two drags, one behind the other, which extended the leveling capacity of the truck by six or so feet. The first drag busted when I drove over a rock, the weld separating in the corner where one of the circles was laid upon other. Additionally, the drag that still works had spaces for cinder blocks, two upright pieces of metal on each side of the back over which the hollowed out parts of the cinders blocks were to sit on. A rock or something broke each of the blocks in two separate incidents, so the drag isn't weighted the way it should be.
Once I'm in the truck, I turn off the overdrive and shift to four low for towing; then I take off. The radio's turned to an FM station that plays mostly '70s songs. If I hear "Fool If You Think It's Over or I Go Crazy," I won't be able to resist nostalgia for my adolescent years, though they were angst-ridden and over-burdened by a sense of longing that exceeded the bounds of my imagination.
In retrospect, I don't think I really knew what to do with myself. My classmates talked about weekend drinking and smoking pot at parties at places just out of town. Party spots had nicknames and merely referring to one of them, for many students, was enough. I didn't want to lie down drunk in some farmer's field on a Friday night, yet I didn't really know what I wanted. Even when I think of this time, I feel yearning in my ribs, the bones pulling a bit to the outside as if there were some place they wanted to take me. The word "longing" brings to my mind an image of a gossamer rope extending from me to an out-there, beyond treetops, toward the sky…
I trail my husband as he drives the tractor, the seed spreader spinning and sowing in a wide circle with a diameter of some 20 feet. And I like this, making big sweeping turns, pulling the drag like there's a water skier hanging on as we play crack the whip as if I'm trying to get her to jump the wake, only it's a low wake of dirt and finishing my turn will cut it down and render the spot level, in addition to getting some dirt on the seeds, which is my main job. We've got a zigzag going, my husband in the tractor ending one row, turning to down the next and because our tractor's small, it's time-consuming, though I'm not sure how many passes it takes for us to complete the seeding. But, when we're done, we've got a field that shows that humans have been there: level, weed-free, vehicle tracks in relatively straight lines running north and south. True, it's not as shaped up and flat as a building site for a residential development. But we're only two people with a tractor and a pickup truck, two people who hope to farm, and it's mostly even, except for spots in the middle where the land undulates, resisting our work, perhaps. There are clods and clumps of earth, too, but I make a few final passes—diagonals and random curlicues—that take many of them down, though I don't get them all. And I drive back to where my husband has parked the tractor for a break.
We rest a bit, hang out near the bucket of the tractor, maybe mention that it's Easter, and I take a mental inventory of Easters past and concentrate on only one.
I'm in a blue sailor dress with a white tie in the middle, dependent from a wide collar; I got it at Kmart where I also got white vinyl go-go boots that I wear, scuffed black at the toes and then in my auditory imagination, I hear the clop of the boots on the terrazzo floor of the church where I attended Easter service. After church, my family has a ham dinner at my uncle and aunt's house, and my dad, uncle and I go for a walk in their treeless neighborhood. Mom and her sister stay at the house with my grandma. It's cold and snow is falling slant-wise though it melts and turns the sidewalks the color of grocery sacks. I lean into the cold slightly, but not as much as I do in winter. Winter in the north means a shift in posture: lean forward, make yourself less high profile to avoid some of the wind. Your hips and shoulders seems like they might befriend one another, but you don't ever bend that far because you hurry when you're outside, trying to escape the wind, how it cuts at you. Spring means standing upright again, lifting your head and looking around at the environment just as trees begin the slightest budding and the birds start to sing.
I don't remember the entire walk, just rounding the corner down the block. I'm pretty sure I didn't change into something warmer than my sailor dress and boots, that I wore a coat over them, my legs certainly cold. A redwood fence, each board rounded at the top like a big fingernail, at my right connects to a weird loneliness I felt then: my Easter outfit seemed to suggest more than walking around a neighborhood in the cold, though at the time, I had no idea what that was. Now I realize that I wanted something bigger, more substantial, more interesting; a 'more' that was probably impossible then, which helps me forgive the past and whatever inadequacies I observed in it and me.
I'm mentally back, looking at the western rain clouds, wondering if it will snow. But there's more work to do. And I need to be here. My husband opts to drive the tractor over where we've been, and I decide to level a chunk of land we've not worked, a few rough acres at the front of the property. It's uneven—lumpy like a mogul course—and beset with grasses and shrubbery, patches of brown curls that look like dead moss. I make pass after random pass on the space, the closest thing to driving in Spirograph shapes as I can. Though the ride is jarring, it's entertaining to make designs on land, on terrain, sculptural, as if I'm cutting away medium to unveil a figure. Slowly, what was unkempt and unmanageable becomes organized and inviting, the weeds pushed flat, dirt emerging like water from a spring. When my husband comes along to finish up with his tractor, I take another break.
And then with a roll of toilet paper in one hand, a wad of off-brand Wet Wipes in the other, I head for the trees that form the eastern edge of our property. A clearing between a quartet of Norways seems like the logical place to go, but I notice a length of chain around one and a padlock against its red bark and realize that this is where my husband parks our John Deere overnight. We're just developing this property and have no out buildings, no well, no electricity—nothing but open space. I walk parallel to the trees and look into them, past and through their boughs for my spot.
Three Norways form a triangle and I go behind the first, put the toilet paper in my other hand, unzip my jeans and squat. I grab the back of my jeans' waistband and underwear and pull both forward, and the air's chill surrounds me in an odd, though not disturbing way. I'm not sure I've done this before, at least not by choice. Yes, I've gotten ill and had to pull off to the side of the road, but this is a choice. I could get into the pick-up and drive to a nearby gas station or I can go here, among my trees, our trees. I choose the trees.
I'm quick, soon zipped up and standing, ready to walk off. But it seems coarse, impolite not to cover up what I've done. I walk into the field and gather up a clump of grass and tilled earth, take them back to my spot and put them over what I've done. And in this, I look. At first, I expect myself to be nonplussed. I am not. Nor am I grossed out or embarrassed. What I see looks like it's come from an animal, because it has. Suddenly I'm reminded that I am part of the animal world.
Animal activity here is scarce or better said, not always obvious. Birds do dip and land in the field, and my husband's seen deer here when he's worked without me; someone's even talked to him about hunting, which must mean doe and buck attend this parcel of land. I thought my husband and I, with our tractor and truck, had come to domesticate this place, transform it from field to fruit farm. But that's not what's happening to me right now. For a time, I am as much of this as birds or deer, not distant or removed. And I've spent so much of my life feeling separate from my environment and those in it, that I'm surprised at what I'm experiencing.
When I was a child, I often felt distanced from others and sensed that no matter how irrefutably real my consciousness was it could never really get me beyond the bounds of my own head. Still, I longed for something. And, as a teenager, I figured this longing defied explanation, that it would always be a part of me I could never describe to others. But something happened when I was in college; I read Mark Strand's Keeping Things Whole and found that separateness articulated, given form in a short, but important, poem. The occasion of me reading it is long forgotten, but the relief it gave me is not. "We all have reasons for moving/I move to keep things whole," it said. Yes, some people do feel like "wherever they are they are what's missing." And one of those people, Mark Strand, is willing to and knows how to express this well enough that you can recognize it. In other words, I am not alone in my aloneness. The speaker in the poem knows that he is not a part of the world around him, that his corporeal person creates a space in the environment, the way an object in water displaces water. He moves through this environment so as to not divide or break it. The speaker is not a part of the environment. The poem, because it expresses this separateness perfectly for me, is a salve, an antidote for my longing.
Though Strand's poem comforts me, Philip Larkin's Wants, another poem I discovered in college, startles me. The poem begins: "Beyond all this, the wish to be alone." And I start to think that my longing and sense of separateness might be what I really want. But why? Larkin has got an answer; in fact, he's got a list of answers, a list that comprises much of the poem: the sky "dark with invitation cards," the "printed directions of sex" and the family "photographed under the flagstaff." For me, these are the things of our lives, the everyday, the common, the quotidian. And perhaps they aren't completely fulfilling, not enough: the pull of our environment, our sex lives, the time we spend with family. I certainly wanted more than that Easter walk on a snowy day with my uncle and father. But what? Larkin has an answer: "Beneath all this, the desire of oblivion runs." I envision myself taking off, going beyond the trees, trees not unlike the ones surrounding me, those that have just sheltered me with privacy. Maybe it would be easier to flee and be alone than to connect with others, which, in fact, might not be possible. Maybe Strand's poem's speaker's constant movement is a slowed down version of an "oblivion" run. Oblivion is about things being smoothed over as if there were never a trace of someone or something, no evidence, totally forgotten.
No. Being alone and totally forgotten are not what I want, even if connecting to the world every day is difficult. I have just left evidence in the trees, evidence that reminds me I am animal among other animals. Sure it will decompose and disappear, though it's there for a time, irrefutably there. And though I did think of smoothing over what I did in the trees so no one sees it, I did not. I'm the probably the only human who will see it, maybe the only one who needs to see it, proof that I'm part of something, connected to this environment and it is, for reasons I don't yet understand, enough.
We hook the trailer up to the truck and then my husband loads the tractor onto it, securing it with straps, which he cinches like seat belts, and colorful bungee cords with black plastic hooks. As we head out on a road he made, Norway boughs brush the doors and windows. We're tired, but for a few weeks, our work here is done.
Less than a month later, after my husband tills peat into the soil and judiciously marks rows with hot pink flags, we plant more than 900 black currant plants. Each future bush is a six-inch stick that looks like nothing more than a section cut from wicker furniture, save tiny buds—bumps of potential foliage—that we set into the aerated soil. It's tiring, bending, squatting and scooting the 900-foot rows, tamping down the soil to protect each individual in our crop. We each carry a bucket of more peat to add more moisture to the soil because the only watering system we have, for now, is rain. Going into the tree line to go to the bathroom seems less significant in this round of work because there's not enough time to stop and consider it; there's that much to do, and it's that exhausting.
Midday, I lie down on the ground for a break near one of hundreds of circular impressions my bucket has made; it's like the head of a snow angel someone has imprinted after a blizzard. I get on my back with my feet flat on the ground with my knees up as if I'm about to do a push up into a bridge, which insures that my entire back makes contact with the ground, something that helps with any soreness from bending over repeatedly. I rest my right arm, like a blindfold, across my closed eyes. For one inhalation and exhalation with enough voice to make a sigh, I'm the only one in the world and then, though the sense is fleeting, I am the world along with this field and what we've planted. But before I let go of thought, I wonder how many people get such a chance: resting on tilled soil beneath an overcast April sky, evidence of your labor so tangible you can put your whole body next to it? Then I'm grounded a while, with no desire to run off or away.
And I have no doubt; I am here.
Nancy Devine teaches high school English in Grand Forks, North Dakota, where she lives. She co-directs the Red River Valley Writing Project, a local site of the National Writing Project. Her poetry, short fiction and essays have appeared in online and print journals.
IMAGE: Flickr Creative Commons/kellyv
Tags:nancy devine
← Interview: Becky Aikman, author of Saturday Night Widows: The Adventures of Six Friends Remaking Their Lives
The Book of Favorites by Julie Marie Wade →


text:
/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */
package io.github.jass2125.locadora.jpa;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 *
 * @author Anderson Souza
 * @email jair_anderson_bs@hotmail.com
 * @since 2015, Feb 9, 2016
 */
public class Loader {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        IAutomovelDao dao = null;
        Automovel automovel = null;
        int op = 1;
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

        while (op != 0) {
            System.out.println("1 - Para adicionar um automóvel");
            System.out.println("2 - Para listar os automóveis");
            System.out.println("3 - Para deletar um automóvel");
            op = in.nextInt();
            in.nextLine();

            switch (op) {
                case 1:
                    System.out.println("Marca");
                    String marca = in.nextLine();

                    System.out.println("Modelo");
                    String modelo = in.nextLine();

                    System.out.println("Ano de Fabricação");
                    Integer anoDeFabricacao = in.nextInt();
                    in.nextLine();

                    System.out.println("Ano de modelo");
                    Integer anoDoModelo = in.nextInt();
                    in.nextLine();

                    System.out.println("Observações:");
                    String observacoes = in.nextLine();

                    automovel = new Automovel(marca, modelo, anoDeFabricacao, anoDoModelo, observacoes);
                    dao = new AutomovelDao();
                    dao.add(automovel);
                    break;

                case 2:
                    dao = new AutomovelDao();
                    List<Automovel> automoveis = dao.getAutomoveis();
                    for (Automovel it : automoveis) {
                        System.out.println("-----------------------");
                        System.out.println("identificador: " + it.getId());
                        System.out.println("Marca: " + it.getMarca());
                        System.out.println("Modelo: " + it.getModelo());
                        System.out.println("Ano de Fabricação: " + it.getAnoDeFabricacao());
                        System.out.println("Ano de Modelo: " + it.getAnoModelo());
                        System.out.println("Observações: " + it.getObservacoes());
                        System.out.println("-----------------------");
                    }

                    break;
                case 3:
                    System.out.println("Modelo do automóvel que deseja excluir?");
                    Long identificador = in.nextLong();
                    dao = new AutomovelDao();
                    dao.delete(identificador);
                    break;
                default:
                    System.exit(1);
            }

        }

    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Pinnacles, America's newest major National Park, gets its name from the unusual rock formations that were once part of an ancient volcano that has over time eroded into a series of spires, cliffs and jagged ridges. Originally designated as a National Monument in 1908 by Teddy Roosevelt, Pinnacles became the country's 59th major National Park in 2013.
Condor country. Pinnacles has been a part of the California Condor Recovery program since 2003. Currently, the park is carefully monitoring 25 of these free flying birds that were once on the verge of extinction.
These rare birds with a wingspan of up to 10 feet make their homes in the rocky cliffs, spires and pinnacles here at Pinnacles! To get a close look at these creatures, you'll either need highpowered binoculars or you'll need to take a hike up into the mountains.
As carrion feeders go, the condor feeds on the carcasses of dead animals; hence they are nature's genuine recycler! But be advised… from a distance, the ever-present Turkey Vulture looks identical to the Condor.
When to go. With a Mediterranean climate, Pinnacles has hot, dry summers and mild winters. The park and the east Pinnacles Visitor Center is open year-round. The western Visitor Center is open seasonally.
What to do: Pinnacles has more than 30 miles of groomed hiking trails ranging from easy terrain through flat grasslands to uphill climbs that are so steep, you'll need to utilize handholds and a fence to navigate the trail.
across two talus caves - Bear Gulch and Balconies. These "caves" were formed when steep and narrow canyons were filled with massive boulders that fell from cliffs above. The boulders now serve as the cave's roof.
Whereas Balconies Cave, located on the west side of the park is typically accessible year round, the lower portion of Bear Gulch Cave, located on the east side of Pinnacles, closes to protect a colony of Townsend's big-eared bats. Bear Gulch is typically closed from mid-May to mid-July while the bats are raising their young.
in the eastern section of the park. Lodging can be found in nearby Hollister.
Trivia: According to scientific knowledge, Pinnacles' 400 different bee species represent the highest bee diversity per unit area of any place on earth.


So you're looking for an advantage out there in the marketplace. Why not try a fresh angle? Look at your own personal integrity.
The dictionary definition of integrity uses the term, "an unimpaired state of being." You may or not realize that you have a bunch of "impairments." I know I do. Don't we all have these blind spots and psychological and emotional blocks? Of course, and these impair our ability to see ourselves and others clearly and severely hamper our ability to get ahead. Because let's face it – success in business and in life is, at its essence, people and relationships. That's why Mitt Romney said, "Corporations are people, too." He got hit for that, but actually, I know exactly what he means!
One impairment that I know has affected my business success immensely is the fact that I often gloss over things and don't deal with details properly. My blind spot is that I somehow tell myself that all the details will "just work themselves out." Sometimes, yes – but mostly I get into trouble.
So I figured out how to deal with this blind spot. My assistant, we'll call her Susan, is a detail person. Among the reasons I hired her is that she possesses this quality. So I have her check all my correspondence, printing, websites, etc. for errors. She gets them every time. She sheds light on this particular blind spot and helps me see clearly.
The first step is to assess what your blind spots and blocks might be. If you are just honest with yourself you'll be able to find at least one! And just one is all you need to make progress. Remember, "progress, not perfection." If you have identified one blind spot, then the second step is to look for a way to fill in the blank – like I did with Susan. Again, if you get reflective, you should be able to find something.
Or, use our NABOE community. Go ahead and tell us below in a comment what you have identified, and let's see if we can get some other members of the community to give you a suggestion or two. At least you'll get one from me -:). So go ahead – get started!


HomeCareer Ready, But What Century?
Career Ready, But What Century?
Any reader of Eduflack knows that I am a big supporter of Common Core State Standards. As one who changed schools, districts, and states many times during my K-12 career, I experienced first hand the frustration of our former patchwork of standards and expectations, and paid the price for it.
But my experiences as a parent of two school-aged children has me appreciating how many who don't understand the finer points of why CCSS is so important can grow so frustrated by "the standards" being the reason (or the blame) for everything we do in our classrooms.
Last month, I wrote about my personal frustration with the eduson's second grade classroom emphasizing "coinage" in math class. In the name of the Common Core, I heard how every child needs to be able to recognize our monetary coins from both the heads and the tails position.
Now, we seem to have moved beyond the necessary coin recognition program and are focused on maps and direction. The eduson is now bringing home worksheets ensuring he knows his north from his south, his east from his west, and can properly decipher a map legend.
So it begs the question. In this era of GPS and Google Maps, is map reading really at the top of the list of what second graders need to know on their path to college and career readiness?
And if it is, are we preparing our kids for 21st century careers or 18th century ones?
After all, with a keen understanding of coinage and mapmaking, my son is well on his way to a fine career on the open seas. He could go legit, sailing for Her Majesty's Navy, or he could even go for the big bucks and take the pirate route (following in the footsteps of the eduwife's ancestors, actually).
Guess we will see next year. I understand that third graders might be focusing an sexton aptitude.
← I Want That School!


text:
Q: Convert Numpy array of square arrays to numpy square array, conserving "layout" First time i ask something here. I am kind of 'blocked'.
I have an array composed of n x n arrays (lets take n=3 for simplification):
[
    [
        [ 0,  1,  2],
        [ 3,  4,  5],
        [ 6,  7,  8]
    ],
   [
        [9, 10, 11],
        [12, 13, 14],
        [15, 16, 17]
    ],
   [
        [18, 19, 20],
        [21, 22, 23],
        [24, 25, 26]
    ]
        ]

(altho my array contains a lot more than 3 3*3 arrays)
i want to achieve a 2D array like this :
[0,1,2,9,10,11,18,19,20]
[3,4,5,12,13,14,21,22,23]
[6,7,8,15,16,17,24,25,26]

Is there a trick i haven't thought of because i cant think of any way to accomplish the transformation.
Thanks

A: Slightly cleaner than moveaxis maybe:
import numpy as np
a = np.arange(27).reshape(3,3,3)
a.swapaxes(0,1).reshape(3,-1)
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  9, 10, 11, 18, 19, 20],
   [ 3,  4,  5, 12, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23],
   [ 6,  7,  8, 15, 16, 17, 24, 25, 26]])

A: Think of this as a list of 3 arrays, that you want to join horizontally:
In [171]: arr = np.arange(27).reshape(3,3,3)
In [172]: np.hstack(arr)
Out[172]:
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  9, 10, 11, 18, 19, 20],
       [ 3,  4,  5, 12, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23],
       [ 6,  7,  8, 15, 16, 17, 24, 25, 26]])

In [173]: arr
Out[173]:
array([[[ 0,  1,  2],
        [ 3,  4,  5],
        [ 6,  7,  8]],

       [[ 9, 10, 11],
        [12, 13, 14],
        [15, 16, 17]],

       [[18, 19, 20],
        [21, 22, 23],
        [24, 25, 26]]])

Of I like to test ideas with arrays with differing dimensions.  Then the various axis manipulations becomes more obvious.
In [174]: arr = np.arange(24).reshape(2,3,4)
In [175]: arr
Out[175]:
array([[[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
        [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
        [ 8,  9, 10, 11]],

       [[12, 13, 14, 15],
        [16, 17, 18, 19],
        [20, 21, 22, 23]]])
In [176]: np.hstack(arr)
Out[176]:
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3, 12, 13, 14, 15],
       [ 4,  5,  6,  7, 16, 17, 18, 19],
       [ 8,  9, 10, 11, 20, 21, 22, 23]])

In [177]: np.vstack(arr)
Out[177]:
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
       [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
       [ 8,  9, 10, 11],
       [12, 13, 14, 15],
       [16, 17, 18, 19],
       [20, 21, 22, 23]])

But there's nothing wrong with the variations on the transpose and reshape answers, if starting from a 3d array (as opposed to a list of arrays):
In [187]: arr.transpose(1,0,2).reshape(3,-1)
Out[187]:
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  9, 10, 11, 18, 19, 20],
       [ 3,  4,  5, 12, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23],
       [ 6,  7,  8, 15, 16, 17, 24, 25, 26]])

A: You could use np.block
>>> import numpy as np
>>> X = np.arange(27).reshape(3, 3, 3)
>>>
>>> np.block(list(X))
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  9, 10, 11, 18, 19, 20],
       [ 3,  4,  5, 12, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23],
       [ 6,  7,  8, 15, 16, 17, 24, 25, 26]])

A: A simple reshape doesn't suffice since you have to change the order of the axes first:
import numpy as np
a = np.array([[[0,1,2],[3,4,5],[6,7,8]],[[9,10,11],[12,13,14],[15,16,17]],[[18,19,20],[21,22,23],[24,25,26]]])
np.moveaxis(a, 0, 1).reshape(3,9)

[[ 0  1  2  9 10 11 18 19 20]
 [ 3  4  5 12 13 14 21 22 23]
 [ 6  7  8 15 16 17 24 25 26]]


text:
Home | Resource Library Search | Defense and National Security | Budget, Deficits, and Debt | Other Programs | Multimedia | Charts | Blog Posts
Decade in Review: Looking Back at CBO Projections Then and Now
As one decade ends and another begins, there's no question that our fiscal outlook is daunting. But as we mark this milestone, it's also helpful to take a closer look at projections from 10 years ago to assess how decisions by lawmakers and other factors have contributed to our fiscal outlook.
https://www.pgpf.org/blog/2020/01/decade-in-review-looking-back-at-cbo-projections-then-and-now
PGPF Chart Pack
The PGPF chart pack illustrates that budget-making involves many competing priorities, limited resources, and complex issues.
https://www.pgpf.org/chart-archive/pgpf-chart-pack
What is a Continuing Resolution?
A continuing resolution is a temporary funding measure that Congress can use to fund the federal government for a limited amount of time.
https://www.pgpf.org/blog/2019/12/what-is-a-continuing-resolution
$9 Trillion Added to the National Debt over the Last Decade
Over the past decade, the United States has added trillions of dollars to its national debt. Much of that growth in debt occurred as a result of the Great Recession and the fiscal policy response to it.
https://www.pgpf.org/blog/2019/12/9-trillion-added-to-the-national-debt-over-the-last-decade
Do Voters Care about the National Debt? The Polls Say They Do
Heading into 2020, the vast majority of Americans are urging leaders in Washington to address the unsustainable national debt and budget deficit.
https://www.pgpf.org/blog/2019/12/do-voters-care-about-the-national-debt-the-polls-say-they-do
High Deficits Despite Low Unemployment
Federal budget deficits are projected to be high despite low unemployment.
https://www.pgpf.org/chart-archive/0306-high-deficits-low-unemployment
Debt Is Expected to Grow Faster in the United States than Anywhere Else in the World
The United States leads the world in an unfortunate category: the pace of growth in its debt.
https://www.pgpf.org/blog/2019/11/debt-is-expected-to-grow-faster-in-the-United-States-than-anywhere-else-in-the-world
Continuing Resolutions Since 1998
Lawmakers have enacted a total of 119 continuing resolutions over the past 23 fiscal years.
https://www.pgpf.org/chart-archive/0228_continuing_resolutions


text:
package com.thedeanda.ajaxproxy.http;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.UUID;

import org.apache.http.Header;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import com.thedeanda.ajaxproxy.http.HttpClient.RequestMethod;

public class SimpleHttpClient {
	private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory
			.getLogger(SimpleHttpClient.class);
	private HttpClient client;

	public SimpleHttpClient() {
		client = new HttpClient();
	}

	public String getString(String url) {
		byte[] bytes = getBytes(url);
		if (bytes == null)
			return null;
		try {
			return new String(bytes, "UTF-8");
		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
			log.warn(e.getMessage(), e);
		}
		return null;
	}

	public byte[] getBytes(String url) {
		final Container<byte[]> container = new Container<byte[]>();
		byte[] nodata = new byte[]{};
		client.makeRequest(RequestMethod.GET, url, null, nodata,
				new RequestListener() {
					@Override
					public void newRequest(UUID id, String url, String method) {
					}

					@Override
					public void startRequest(UUID id, URL url,
							Header[] requestHeaders, byte[] data) {
					}

					@Override
					public void requestComplete(UUID id, int status,
							String reason, long duration,
							Header[] responseHeaders, byte[] data) {
						container.data = data;
					}

					@Override
					public void error(UUID id, String message, Exception e) {
						// TODO: throw exception
						log.warn("failed: {}", message, e);
					}

				});

		return container.data;
	}

	class Container<T> {
		public T data;
	}
}


Appropriate from the begin the team are building an exchange with the desire for expansive exchanging volumes, so the entire arrangement depends on an adaptable microservices design.
The witticism of organization is to keep up nonstop innovative and utilitarian improvement of the item. Sonata will likely make a decent, simple to utilize item that would be appropriate for section level clients, while additionally giving all the propelled highlights required by experienced financial specialists.
Sonata was made in participation with experienced trade agents and Forex investigation. The item is worked with security as the most elevated need. All coins are safely put away on front line equipment wallets. The easy to understand interface of Sonata is calibrated for learners and talented intermediaries alike. It is stuffed with cutting edge usefulness, including custom AI value expectation. Utilize the maximum capacity of talk rooms on the stage and gain straightforwardly from master specialists.
Perfect security: The team are resolved to anchor every one of your ventures on various dimensions. You can concentrate on your business without stress.
Build to perform: The designers have invested hours dissecting the client experience of expert representatives to assemble a genuinely diversion free interface.
AI forecast: Sonata is utilizing continuous market information and a propelled AI calculation to foresee future value patterns. It offers an incredible begin for learners.
Margin exchanging: Margin (leverage) exchanging is a specialist instrument used to step up the request salary. The loan specialist is remunerated with the intrigue.
Social system components: Take a section in the buzz of digital currency exchanging. Join rooms, send tips to different intermediaries or gain from the specialists.
Friendly API: Sonata will give a completely reported adaptable API for your robots and different applications.
Every one of your coins are sheltered with Sonata. Your security is the project team main concern. That is the reason stores are put away in different equipment wallets with the largest amount of security.
See the future with the project neural system. Everybody might want to know the value improvement of the cash they put resources into. Because of a one of a kind calculation and own AI, the product can make extremely exact future value forecasts.
You will have benefit despite the fact that you don't exchange. Not every person is a specialist with regards to exchanging. That is the reason the stage means to help additionally learner dealers and holders. With Sonata, everybody profits.
Sonata interface individuals intrigued by crypto. Individuals inspired by digital currencies have shaped an incredible network. Clients of the stage will get an opportunity to enhance their insight in the field, share their experience, encourage novices or basically talk with other digital money lovers.
Exchange and check your benefit anyplace. The digital currency advertise never rests. That is the reason it is critical to approach the exchanging stage consistently.
Notifications by Trade Assistant, Alerts, Limits and so on.
Sonata will have bring down expenses than most trades available. Furthermore, on the off chance that you take part in the coin offering, you can get easy revenue from the trade expenses.
Indeed, even digital currency holders can duplicate their speculations with Sonata. The stage will offer edge exchanging dependent on market-driven loan fees. Cunning programmed blending and shutting calculation is prepared to anchor the two sides of the agreement.
Lauch of a simple currency exchange aimed for the Czech market: SonataCoin.com.
Sonata.ai – The first internal version of the exchange.
The first public beta version of exchange platform is released.
The first batch of altcoins is listed.
The first versions of mobile apps for Android and iOS are released to public. Publicly testing AI price prediction.
The exchange application is continuously upgraded.
Sonata has been designed and created by a highly experienced team of technology experts. The team's members bring together expertise that gives them a deep understanding of the challenges faced by many crypto enterprises including the legal, regulatory and compliance issues.