text:
Department of Human Services > Contact Us > DHS Offices > Right To Know
Right-to-Know Law
Department of Human Services Right-To-Know Law Policy
Pursuant to Section 504 of the Right-To-Know Law, 65 P.S. §67.101 et seq. (RTKL), the Department of Human Services (hereinafter referred to as "department" or "DHS") sets forth the following policies, process, and procedures regarding responses by the department to requests made pursuant to the RTKL. The policies set forth in Management Directive 205.36 apply to this policy. The definitions in MD 205.36 also apply to this policy.
The department is comprised of executive offices that include the Office of Administration, Office of Budget, Office of Legislative Affairs, Office of Policy Development, and Office of Press and Communications; and program offices that include the Office of Child Development and Early Learning; Office of Children, Youth and Families; Office of Developmental Programs; Office of Income Maintenance; Office of Long Term Living; Office of Medical Assistance Programs; and Office of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services. In addition to these offices, the department also includes entities administered by the department, such as the Developmental Disabilities Planning Council. RTKL requests encompassing records from the above offices and entities should be directed to the department in accordance with this policy.
In promulgating these policies, the goal of the department is to provide prompt public access to its public records while abiding by exemptions and protections in the RTKL to safeguard certain information, including confidential personal information of department clients and other third persons.
I. Requests
A. The Department Will Only Accept Written Requests — The department's policy is that it will only accept written RTKL requests. The department will not accept oral RTKL requests. Requests must be addressed to the department's Open Records Officer (the "AORO"). The written request to the department under the RTKL must be addressed or delivered as follows:
U.S. Mail: Andrea Bankes
Agency Open Records Office
Room 234 Health and Welfare Building
Hand delivery: Department of Human Services
Health and Welfare Building, Room 234
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17120
Attention: Andrea Bankes
Email: ra-dpwrtkl@pa.gov
Fax transmission: 717-772-2490
B. Requests Must Invoke the RTKL and Be Reasonably Specific — All RTKL requests must indicate that the request is being made pursuant to the RTKL and be sufficiently specific to enable the department to ascertain which records are being requested. It is recommended that a request asking for a specific individual document, use the DHS website in crafting a written request, and/or consult with department staff.
C. Requests Must Provide a Name and Address for a Response — The general policy of the department's Open Records Office is that all of its responses will be sent via email. Consequently, the general policy of the department's Open Records Office is that a written request must provide a name, mailing address, and email address where the response may be sent. A written request that lacks an email address will receive a response by U.S. mail unless the written request expressly asks that the department's Open Records Office use some other alternative means of transmitting the response.
D. Requests Must Be From a Legal U.S. Resident — All RTKL requests must be from a legal U.S. resident. If a written RTKL request sets forth a mailing address within the United States, the department's Open Records Office will ordinarily assume that the requester is a legal resident of the United States. However, if any of the following circumstances exist, the presumption is that the requester is not a U.S. resident: The requester's address is the address of a foreign embassy, consulate, or similar entity; the request lists a foreign postal address; the requester's email information indicates that the email was sent from outside the United States; or the requester's facsimile transmission or telephone number indicates that the requester is using a telephone service from outside the United States. In any of the preceding situations, the policy of the department is that the requester must also include proof that he or she is a legal resident of the United States, and the requester's non-compliance with this policy will be considered an admission that the requester is not a legal U.S. resident. The department reserves the right to ask any requester in any other circumstance for proof of U.S. residency.
E. Forms for RTKL Requests — RTKL requests may be made on the form available on the website of the Office of Open Records (OOR) at https://www.openrecords.pa.gov/RTKL/HowToFile.cfm or the form designated by the department and available on its website at DHS Right-To-Know Law Request Form.pdf or at its Open Records Office.
F. Modifications to a Pending RTKL Request
1. All modifications to pending requests must be submitted in writing directly to the department's Open Records Office.
2. Modifications that reduce the scope of a pending RTKL request. If the only effect of a modification is to withdraw some or all of a pending RTKL request, the policy of the Department is to give that modification immediate effect.
3. Other modifications. The policy of the department is that any other modification constitutes a withdrawal of the already-pending request, and a simultaneous substitution of a new request.
G. Business Hours — The department has regular business hours from 8:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. on business days at its Open Records Office in Room 234 of the Health and Welfare Building. Any RTKL request received by the department's Open Records Office after the close of regular business hours shall be deemed to have been received by that office on the following business day.
II. Responses
The AORO may respond by providing a requester with access to inspect a record electronically or as otherwise maintained by the department: by providing access in the offices of the department if agreed to by the requester; by sending a copy to the requester; or by notifying the requester that the record is available through publicly accessible electronic means and if the requester writes to the agency within 30 days that the requester is unable or unwilling to access the information electronically, by then providing the records in paper format, upon payment for the same. Each of these options is a "response" for purposes of the RTKL, as is the department's written notice to the requester granting, denying, or partially granting and partially denying access to a record. The department may send written responses to requesters by email, U.S. mail, by hand (in person or by delivery service), or by facsimile.
Unless a longer period of time is needed and communicated to the requester by an "interim response" (as discussed in paragraph A below), the RTKL requires that the Department respond to a RTKL request within five business days. For purposes of determining the end of the five-business-day period, the day that a RTKL request is received is not counted. The first day of the five-business-day period is the Department's next business day.
A. Interim Responses — The Department must provide a final response to a RTKL request within five business days unless one or more specific conditions are satisfied and the AORO gives the requester written notice that additional time will be required. That notice is referred to as an "interim response."
The AORO may send an interim response if any of the following applies:
The RTKL request requires redaction of a public record;
The RTKL request requires retrieval of a record from a remote location;
A response within the five-business-day period cannot be accomplished due to bona fide staffing limitations;
A legal review is necessary to determine whether the record requested is subject to access under the Act;
The requester has not complied with the Department's policies regarding access to public records;
The requester has not complied with a demand for prepayment of fees, which are required to fulfill the RTKL request and which are estimated to exceed $100; further, if prepayment of fees is required by the Department, the time period for response shall be tolled from the time the demand for payment is made until such time as payment is actually received; or
The extent or nature of the request precludes a response within the required time period.
An interim response must: 1) be sent to the requester on or before the last day of the five-business-day period; 2) state that the request is being reviewed and the reason for the review; 3) give an estimate of any applicable fees owed when the record becomes available; and 4) state a reasonable date that a response is expected to be provided. This date must not be more than 30 calendar days from the end of the five-business-day period.
If the date of an expected response is in excess of 30 calendar days following the five business days allowed for pursuant to 65 P.S. § 67.901, the request will be deemed denied unless the requester has agreed in writing to the date specified in the notice.
The department will send an interim response when the estimated fee for responding to the request is in excess of $100. Once the estimated payment is received, the department will proceed to: 1) make a final determination as to what records, if any, are public records under the RTKL; 2) begin search and retrieval of those records; 3) perform any required redaction; and 4) advise the requester, within 30 days, as to a date by when any responsive public records will be produced. Failure to make the estimated payment by the date required by the department in its interim response will result in the request being denied for lack of payment.
B. Final Responses — There are three possible final responses. The request is: granted; denied; or granted in part and denied in part. The failure to make a timely response is deemed to be a denial.
If a written request is denied in whole or in part, the department will issue a final written response that will include an explanation of the procedure for the requester to appeal, if the requester chooses to do so. If the written denial is the result of a determination that the record requested is exempt from disclosure, the specific reasons, including any legal authority, for the department's determination shall be included.
Non-production of records due to the fact that a good faith search by the Department does not produce any responsive records is not a denial of access.
C. Redaction — The department will not deny access to a public record based upon the fact that portions of the record are not public records and, as a result, not subject to disclosure. The department will redact the portions of a public record that are not public records and produce the portions that are public records.
The following policies apply regarding redaction of information pertaining to persons applying for or receiving social services from the department. "Social services" are those services that are provided in whole or in part by the Department, including any assistance, benefits, services, treatments, or training provided to any person but not expressly included in the definition of "social services" set forth in the RTKL.
1. Protected Health Information. If a document is subject to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations at 45 CFR § 164.514 and is not a public record, the policy of the Department is to deny access to the document in its entirety. If the document is a public record, that regulation requires that the Department redact the following information before releasing it to a requester:
Name of the patient/client
All geographic subdivisions smaller than a state, including all of the following: Street address; City; County; Precinct; Zip Code, but the first three digits can be disclosed.
All elements of dates, except year for dates directly related to the individual, including all of the following: Birth date; Admission date; Discharge date; Date of death; Specific age, if over 89 years old.
Fax numbers
Medical record numbers
Health plan beneficiary numbers
Account numbers
Certificate/license numbers
Vehicle identifiers and serial numbers (including license plates)
Device identifiers and serial numbers
Web Universal Resource Locators (URLs)
Internet Protocol (IP) address numbers
Biometric identifiers, including finger and voiceprints
Any other unique identifying number, characteristic, or code, except a code number assigned to allow "de-identified" information to be "re-identified," if the code number conforms to 45 CFR § 514.514(c).
2. Information About Relatives. The HIPAA regulations require that the same information be removed if it identifies the relatives of a patient/client.
3. Information About Household Members. The HIPAA regulations require that the same information be removed if it identifies the household members of a patient/client.
4. Information About Employers. The HIPAA regulations require that the same information be removed if it identifies the employers of a patient/client.
5. The Catch-All Provision. The HIPAA regulations also require the redaction of information that "could be used alone or in combination with other information to identify an individual who is a subject of the information."
6. Other Protected Information. If a document contains protected information about an applicant or recipient, or about a relative, household member or employers of such person, but is not subject to the HIPAA regulations at 45 CFR § 164.514, the department's policy is to refuse the request in its entirety if the document is not a "public record" and, if the document is a public record, to redact all protected information contained therein in accordance with the principles illustrated by the HIPAA regulations.
D. Access — The department may provide a requester with access to inspect a record electronically or as otherwise maintained by the department: by providing access in the offices of the department, if agreed to by the requester; by sending a copy to the requester; or by notifying the requester that the record is available through publicly accessible electronic means and, if the requester writes to the agency within 30 days that the requester is unable or unwilling to access the information electronically, by then providing the records in paper format, upon payment for the same.
The department will provide a public record to a requester in the medium requested if the record exists in that medium. Otherwise, the public record must be provided in the medium in which it exists. If a public record only exists in one medium, the department is not required to convert that public record to another medium, except that if the public record is only available in an electronic form, the department must print it out on paper if the requester so requests. However, the department is entitled to charge a fee for each page printed.
The department is not required to create a public record that does not already exist, nor is it required to compile, maintain, format, or organize a public record in a manner in which the department does not currently do so.
1. Access to Electronic Records
a. Publicly Accessible Records
If a record is accessible through any publicly accessible electronic means, it is an adequate response for the Department to notify the requester of the record's availability through that means. If the requester is unwilling or unable to access the record electronically, the requester has a right to a paper version of the record. In order to exercise that right, the requester must submit a written request to the Department in compliance with 65 P.S. § 67.704(b)(2). Many records of the Department are publicly accessible through the Internet:
The Department maintains a publicly accessible website at www.dhs.pa.gov.
Many of the Department's contracts are available through a website maintained by the Pennsylvania Treasury Department at www.patreasury.gov.
The RTKL does not require access to any computer either of an agency or [an] individual agency employee. Pursuant to that provision, the policy of the Department's Open Records Office is that it will not grant direct access to any electronic record of the Department except to the extent that access can be had by means of the publicly accessible websites above.
b. Electronic Records Not Publicly Accessible
If a requester seeks access to an electronic record and the Department's Open Records Office determines that the electronic record is a "public record," it will arrange for a copy of the record to be created and made available to the requester, in accordance with these policies.
c. Access to Department Databases
The policy of the Department is to deny any requests for direct access to Department databases. If the information contained in the database is a public record, access to the information may be provided by a copy of its contents, in the same medium and format in which the database currently exists, and compiled, maintained and organized in the existing manner; or a paper copy of the same data. If the data set sought by a requester cannot be drawn from a single database, the policy of the Department is to refuse the request on the basis that it would require the creation of a record that does not currently exist.
2. Access to Non-Electronic Records
The Department's Open Records Office may provide direct access to its non-electronic records at its location in the Health and Welfare Building, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Requesters may be supervised while reviewing records. Records may not be removed from the building and an appointment must be made during business hours for access.
If the requester asks in writing for physical access to records at a different, specified location, or if the records themselves require access at a different location and if the Department's AORO determines that access at that location is no more disruptive to the activities of the Department's Open Records Office and the affected program office than would be access in the Department's Open Records Office, the AORO may grant the request.
Appropriate conduct is required in the Department's Open Records Office. Examples of inappropriate conduct include, but are not limited to: shouting and/or unnecessarily loud speaking; use of profanity; verbal abuse of Department's Open Records Office staff; grabbing or touching Department's Open Records Office staff; defacing materials; removing or attempting to remove any records or other items; or playing music in a way that is audible to others. Use of the Department's Open Records Office will not be permitted if there is or has been prior inappropriate conduct or if requisite fees have not been paid. No eating or drinking is permitted in the Department's Open Records Office.
E. Duplication of Public Records
1. Department Photocopier Use. So long as the requester agrees to pay any applicable duplication fee, and can make immediate payment by check, a requester will be permitted reasonable use of the photocopier of the Department's Open Records Office, but only for the purpose of making photocopies, and only when that device is not needed by Department's Open Records Office staff.
2. Non-Department Devices or Electronic Equipment. At his or her own risk and expense, a requester may bring into the Department's Open Records Office any of the following devices, so long as the device can be transported in and out without disruption of the operations of the Department's Open Records Office: a photocopier, a laptop computer, or a scanner. It is unlawful for any person to take photographs within the Health and Welfare Building. Consequently, unless the requisite permission has been obtained in advance, requesters are not permitted to bring cameras of any sort, including digital cameras, film cameras, cameras that shoot still photographs, or cameras that capture moving images into the Health and Welfare Building. Prior permission is also required to bring any of the following into the Department's Open Records Office: tape recorders, video recording devices, radios, televisions, space heaters, and coffee makers. Requesters are permitted to bring cell phones into the Health and Welfare Building, but only on the condition that no still or moving photographs are taken.
III. Appeals
When a request is denied or deemed denied, whether in whole or in part, the requester may file an appeal with the OOR, where it will be assigned to an Appeals Officer. This appeal must be filed within 15 business days of the denial or deemed denial. The appeal must state the grounds upon which the requester asserts that the record is public, and should address any grounds stated by the Department for delaying or denying the request. The appeal shall be sent to the OOR at the address set forth below and simultaneously to the agency AORO, in the same manner as the appeal is sent to the OOR (email, fax, mail or hand delivery) with: 1) the Department's response, 2) the RTKL request and 3) the appeal form that is available on the OOR website at www.openrecords.pa.gov/Appeals/HowToFile.cfm:
Commonwealth Office of Open Records
333 Market Street, 16th Floor
Email: www.openrecords.pa.gov
A person other than the Department or the requester, with a direct interest in the record that is subject to an appeal, has 15 days following actual knowledge of the appeal, but no later than the date the Appeals Officer issues an order, to file a written request to provide information or to appear before the Appeals Officer in support of the requester's or the Department's position in the appeal. The Appeals Officer may, but needs not, grant the request.
For further information on appeals, it is suggested that the requester review the OOR's website at www.openrecords.pa.gov.
IV. Fees
Applicable fees to be charged by the Department under the RTKL are as follows:
A. Fees Determined by the Office of Open Records — Under the RTKL, the OOR has the authority to establish two fees for Commonwealth agencies: Duplication, 65 P.S. §67.1307(b); and Enhanced Electronic Access (an agency may establish user fees, subject to approval by the OOR), 65 P.S. 65 P.S. §67.1307(e).
The fees for duplication are established by the Office of Open Records, as posted on its website at www.openrecords.pa.gov. Unless otherwise directed by statute, the Department will charge $.25 per page for duplication.
Pursuant to this agency policy, an agency may waive duplication fees for 20 pages or less. Duplication charges are to be paid for any duplication in excess of 20 pages.
Requests for waiver of the duplication fee will be considered on a case-by-case basis. A person seeking such a waiver must explain why granting the waiver would be in the public interest.
B. Specialized Fees
1. The Department will charge $5 per record for certified copies, when requested by the requester.
2. The Department will charge the actual cost for postage, facsimile/microfiche, or other media such as CDs, as well as for specialized documents, except that postage fees will be waived for postage that costs under $1.00.
3. Special rules apply to fees for transcripts of administrative proceedings:
(i) Prior to an adjudication becoming "final, binding and non-appealable," transcripts may be requested through an agency; however, the stenographer or court reporter is permitted to charge the regular fee for this service.
(ii) Following an adjudication becoming "final, binding and non-appealable," a request for the transcript shall be treated like any other request for a record and the usual duplication fee of up to $.25 per page will be charged.
C. Reasonable and Necessarily Incurred Costs
As expressly provided by 65 P.S. §67.1307(g), the Department has the authority to charge requesters reasonable fees for necessarily incurred costs. The Department will determine and charge such fees on a case-by-case basis.
D. General
No charge shall be made for agency or legal review of the record to see whether the requested records are public records that are subject to production.
If the estimated fees that are required to fulfill the RTKL request exceed $100, the requester must pay the estimated amount in advance, either by certified check or by ordinary check, which must first have cleared to be considered received by the Department. The demand for prepayment will specify a reasonable period of time in which the requester must make such prepayment. Failure to make the estimated payment by the date required by the Department in its interim response will result in the request being denied for lack of payment.
All applicable fees must be paid in order to receive access to the record requested. 65 P.S. §67.901. Any requester who has unpaid amounts outstanding to the Department or to any agency under the Governor's jurisdiction, in relation to RTKL requests where production was made by any such agency, will not be granted access to records under other RTKL requests until such prior amounts due have been paid in full.
V. Access to Records Outside of RTKL Requests
RTKL requests will be denied if the records requested are not public records under the RTKL. However, in certain circumstances, an alternative route may be available to gain access to some records outside of the RTKL. It is not the duty or function of the Department's Open Records Office to determine whether a requester satisfies the conditions for access through any route other than the RTKL. For that reason, where an alternate route may be available, the final response letter will provide information on how to pursue that route.


I really want a Metric Halo ULN-2... I'm currently using a PC with an Edirol UA-1000.
I want to run it with Samplitude (Use it for tracking guitars as well as .VST effects) and Pro tools 9.
I have a core 2 Duo 2.2 GHZ PC with 2GB of ram and it seems to be good enough for everything.
Does this mean I will need to buy new software aswell like reason etc.?
You can actually upgrade a new Mac Mini to 16 GB for $879. (Of course it would be cheaper just to get another Mac Mini.) If the PCIe slots in the Sonnet RackMac work the Minis will essentially be 2009 Mac Pros.
Depends on how much you're going to pay for the mini, all current Minis have Core i5, or i7 CPUs.
Using the chart from the Logic multicore benchmark, you can make a rough comparison of CPU power.
Keep in mind that Logic is more CPU friendly than PT, so your milage may vary.


This listing is for a Rubik's Sudoku number puzzle game. It's in like new condition. The original instructions are included. This game has unique note-keeping system which use matching color pegs for each color of tiles. The pull out drawer comes with an extra numbers 1 – 9 as well as the color pegs. The pegs are still connected to the plastic but 1 purple is missing. Please see pictures for more details on condition and for exactly what youll be receiving.


We were recently contacted by Ella's Kitchen to try out their brand new veggie pouches and of course we jumped at the chance! As I've previously mentioned I felt a bit clueless when I came to the start of our weaning journey and even before I had been contacted by Ella's Kitchen I downloaded their First Foods app and it was really helpful! I felt like it was full of information, handy tips and it gave me a bit of guidance which is exactly what I was after! They previously ran their #vegforvictory campaign which was to encourage parents to wean with vegetables first, frequently and in variety! The aim being that the more variety of veg little ones eat throughout weaning, the more accepting they will be of new flavours.
The four new veggie pouches that have launched follow on the back of the success of the Veg for Victory campaign. Ella's Kitchen aim to raise awareness of the importance of weaning with vegetables and the long-term positive impact it can have on little ones' health and relationship with food. This is something that really resonates with me and if there is any way I can help to create a positive and healthy relationship between my daughter and food then I am all for it!!
I thought Evie would prefer the 'sweeter' root vegetables such as squash or sweet potato but her favourite flavour seemed to be the peas, broccoli and poataoes! Which actually really surprised me as she has never taken a liking to broccoli before so it was lovely to see her enjoying it alongside the new mixture of flavours! It seems she thoroughly enjoyed the tasty sign too!
I have loved trying out the 4 new flavours with Evie and the greedy chops has certainly loved being a tiny taster! And although we have had some interesting faces pulled along the way and some raspberries blown with a mouth full of food I do think by continuously offering her vegetable based meals from the beginning of our weaning journey it has really helped with her acceptance of different tastes!


We will parasail ages 6 and up anyone under 18 can go but will need a parent or guardian to sign off.
We fly 2 or 3 at a time flights must be less then 450 pounds and must have at least 150 pounds in the chute.
You do not have to get wet. Our boats have the best parasailing winches in the industry that can take you off and land you on the back deck without even touching the water.
We have a film service for $20 that will include a sd card with atleast 20 photos of your parasailers.
We do have an 8hr cancellation. Our phones are answered from 8am-8pm. No shows will be charged $40 per flyer and the full $25 for observers.
We fly the legal limit of 800ft of towline. The total height of the parasail can be no higher then 500ft.
All of our captains hold a USCG license and we only choose the best.
Total time parasailing is between 10-12 minutes, but your trip can last up to 1.5 hrs.
We do reserve space for observers for $20 a person.
We suggest that you wear something you don't mind getting wet. Sunscreen is also good there is no shade.
You do not need any kind of skill to parasail our guys do all the work for you and you just sit back and relax.


Corby Radio - Why Radio Advertising?
Advertising on Corby Radio gets your message across to our listeners, with a potential of 60,000 people in Corby alone listening every day, not to forget the villages and surrounding areas that listen to us, this really is a great way to get your company or business noticed.
Get your message across and support your community!!
Corby Radio is a fulltime Community Station serving Corby and the surrounding area, including the villages of Weldon, Stanion, Great Oakley, Little Oakley, to name just a few - these amongst others are now tuned in on a daily basis. It makes sense to be advertising with us and therefore talking to your potential customers.
Get noticed in Corby and the surrounding areas by getting involved with Corby Radio!
Call Paul Moore in our sales team or email him now and he'll return your call and get you more business by getting your commercial on the air!


text:
You are here: EM-Safety / Product exposure
What is EMF?
Potential health effects
Standards for EM exposure
Product exposure
Human exposure
To achieve electromagnetic compatibility, any product, including an electric vehicle, must satisfy requirements for both electromagnetic emissions and electromagnetic immunitye performance.
Electromagnetic emissions compliance means the ability of a system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances. Electromagnetic disturbance means any electromagnetic phenomenon which may degrade the performance of any system that must operate in the same environment. An electromagnetic disturbance may be electromagnetic noise, an unwanted signal or a change in the propagation medium itself. The directive 2004/104/EC regulates maximum radiation of both broadband and narrowband signal characteristics at different frequencies (see Annex IV, V and VII). These requirements were developed to ensure that radio and television services would not compromised by electromagnetic emissions from vehicle systems.
Electromagnetic immunity means the ability of a vehicle to operate without degradation of performance in the presence of electromagnetic disturbances, which may include wanted radio frequency signals from radio transmitters or radiated in-band emissions of industrialscientific-medical (ISM) apparatus, internal or external to the vehicle. To ensure immunity to electromagnetic radiation the directive 2004/104/EC has several basic conditions (see Annex VI). When testing the vehicle it is exposed to electromagnetic radiation in the 20 to 2 000 MHz frequency range. Some of the failure criteria at a nominal speed of 50 km/h ± 20% are:
Speed variation greater than ± 10 % of the nominal speed
Complete stop of turned on front wiper at maximum speed
Unexpected activation of alarm
Unexpected activation of horn
Unexpected activation of airbag and safety restraint systems
Unexpected opening of automatic doors
Unexpected activation of adjustable endurance brake lever
The main components of the new electric drive for automotive applications are the electric motor, the power converter, the power supply and the cables connecting the components. The power converter is known to be the main EMF source.
Low Voltage Directive Working Party (LVDWP) propose that the off-board elements of the charging system are considered to be within the scope of the Low Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC, whereas the electric powertrain and the on-board elements of the charging system would be within the scope of the Framework Directive on Motor Vehicles 2007/46/EC.
Coordinator: Andreas Vogl, SINTEF
Duration: 1st May 2011 - 1st February 2014
EU contract FP7-SST-265772 in the Sustainable Surface Transport call in Framework Program 7.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


EDMONTON AB – Concordia University of Edmonton (CUE) Thunder take on the visiting Briercrest Clippers in their game two home-home series. The Thunder ended the weekend with a series sweep winning this game 7-1.
The Clippers opened up the scoring early in the first when #26 Zachary Loewen game the Clippers the lead, the lead lasted for exactly 2 minutes before the Thunder came out and tied it up at 1. The Thunder wouldn't stop there are potted two more before the end of the first going into the second up 3-1. The second period was back and forth and both goalies shut it down right until the last 2 minutes and the Thunder buried one at the 2-minute mark, then again in the dying seconds of the second.
The Thunder kept their wheels turning going into the 3rd and goaltender #1 Garrett Storms was able to keep them at the lone goal.
The Big Kahuna Player of the Game for the Clippers was #26 Zach Loewen who opened up the scoring, and for the Thunder was #26 Cory Santoro who got two goals of his own.
Next weekend The Clippers will be facing off November 16th against Augustana Vikings and the Thunder will be taking on the MacEwan Griffins.


Honestly, I'd prefer people sign up for the BigDog and Avis leagues VF21 posted. Those are also Daily leagues if you prefer that and have a long history at this site. But at least one person requested I restart this league so I went ahead, and nothing is stopping anybody from joining multiple leagues. Besides, the auction draft was fun last year, and should be even better if I can actually make it for the whole thing.
Let me know if you're interested. I might just give out the password to anybody in a couple weeks if we get close to having a full league.
I was in this last year and got killed Count me in again.
Ok yes, must shake out of the long offseason doldrums and get into the fantasy siwng of things. Feels odd signign up when yo don't even know where the free agents are going yet, but its time. And I did that one last year and wanted to give it another go, so let's do it.
By the way, I'm assuming returning players will just sign up from the email that was sent out when I renewed the league. If you need the password let me know.
Also, I'll start up the big "Official" league thread tomorrow. I've just been super busy lately.
Anyone who is signed up to this, just a heads up the draft is starting in about 3 minutes.
We're playing this again this year. We have 9 of the 10 players from last season signed up. So we need at least one more and ideally we can get to 12 people.
The auction draft is a lot of fun. Try it out!
Looks like it's setup for Sat Oct 27 7:15pm PDT. I think I did that because the first year we did this I asked people for when they were available and Saturday evening worked out best. Tried not to change too much from that. I'd be willing to consider a new time but I'd want to make sure all (or almost all) of the existing owners are on board.
Heh... looks like you considered joining this league in 2010. Are nights still better for you?
We still need one more person.
Actually, looks like somebody backed out and we're down to 8 people.
I guess we'll lock it at 8 unless we get two more. Draft is Saturday night.
Sorry guys, too busy to actively recruit this year so we'll have to go with 8 teams. I'm hoping next year we can expand a bit and get it up to 12.
Not sure why we don't have more interest. I would think people would join at least to try the draft even if they don't compete hard throughout the year. Oh well, 80% return rate over two years is pretty good.
I'll be honest. I might have considered signing up but refrained for a couple of reasons. I have no idea what an auction league is AND I've already reached my quota of leagues I'm in that I don't really have a chance in hell of winning.
It's really a regular league with an Auction draft. Auction draft differs from the regular draft in that you have a set amount of money and the players are auctioned off one at a time. So if you have $200 and like superstars, maybe you spend $62 on James, Durant and Cousins, then spend your last $14 for 14 players at $1 a piece.
Or you could be like Bricklayer and think you're so smart biding your time and saving your money for better value and end up spending your last $24 on Jason Terry when nobody else had much money left anyway. Then again, he did win last year after a horrible showing the year before so maybe that strategy was wise.
After the draft the rules are the same as everything else. I figured many would be full up on leagues. I personally wouldn't mind if people joined mostly for the draft but didn't necessarily give it their all during the season, but I don't think that would be a popular position amongst the other players so I try not to put it out there too much.
Ah, thanks for the explanation. It's not really my cup of tea so I'm glad I asked before committing.
we've added a 9th to this draft. Would love to have sombody join as a 10th. Darft is in 1:30 hours (7:15pm PST).
I will have a dummy team autodraft if we don't get anybody. But if you want to join let me know and I can give you the login for the yahoo account I created and you can join at any time.
Ok, draft was great. We had lots of fun. Very interesting.
If you're interested in managing let me know.
Any chance you could share what the other teams look like?
If no one else has claimed the island of misfit players, I'll do it.
Sweet. I don't have any other leads so PM your email address and I can assign the team to you. Thanks!
First year I have focused on having my most talented players be point guards. Should be interested. Probably a disaster.
You and KingsNYC both. Thought he was going to take them all.


Our health service is in crisis. This is down to all the major parties failing to invest properly and wasting time and money on repeated reorganisation. Greens have pledged to increase health spending to the EU average and have plans to increase taxation on the better off to make this possible.
The hidden agenda is privatisation. First Labour opened up the NHS to competition, then the Lib Dem – Conservative coalition extended this privatisation. Only the Green party has not colluded in the privatisation of the NHS and we never will.
I believe in public health care and that the profit motive has no place in health. As an MP I would always vote against any attempt to extend the market in the health sector or extend privatisation.
Green MP Caroline Lucas has been setting the agenda on reversing the privatisation of the NHS with her NHS reinstatement bill. This was later supported by Jeremy Corbyn, but not by any of Bristol's Labour MPs.


Lucy Swing: I am a YA Paranormal/ Romance writer finishing my first book, "Feathermore" (first of many!) I am also a part of "Death by Chocolate" an anthology consisting of 6 fantastic YA short stories with a chocolate twist. Death by Chocolate was released on February 14th, 2012. I am an absolute book hoarder and must always have a book at arms distance. Music is my muse, and there is always a soundtrack that plays along my life. I am a Mother of two beautiful but wild kids and a Wife to a Firefighter/ Paramedic/RN/SWAT Medic- guy can do it all!
this looks yummy..i mean good.. will stop by tomorrow! I am a book hoarder too!


A few outlets were selling a loaf at $1,80.
The price of bread from small bakeries remained unchanged at $2.
In a brief interview, Industry and Commerce Minister Nqobizitha Ndlovu said Government met bakers and they agreed to lower the price.
"As Government, we are engaged with industry for a more stable price regime. We are seized with this matter".


text:
Q: What if we take scalar product of angular velocity and position vector? Since vector cross product of angular velocity and position vector gives velocity vector, what if we take scalar product of angular velocity and position vector? We can take vector cross product of force and distance it gives torque. And if we take scalar product of force and position vector it gives work.

A:
What if we take scalar product of angular velocity and position vector?

You'll get a value if you compute this as this is a valid mathematical operation. The question then is whether this value has a useful meaning in physics. The answer is, not that much.
This inner product is sometimes useful in that it yields an expression for the angle between the angular velocity vector and the position vector:
$$\cos \theta = \frac{\vec{\omega}\cdot\vec{r}}{||\vec{\omega}||\cdot||\vec{r}||}$$
In the case of the Earth, this angle is closely related to geocentric latitude. The angle calculated above is the colatitude (co-geocentric latitude), which is related to geocentric latitude via $\theta + \phi = \frac\pi2$, and thus
$$\sin \phi = \frac{\vec{\omega}\cdot\vec{r}}{||\vec{\omega}||\cdot||\vec{r}||}$$
The inner product readily yields the projection of the position vector onto the angular velocity vector:
$$ \vec r_{||} = \frac{\vec\omega \cdot \vec r}{\vec\omega \cdot \vec\omega}\vec\omega = \frac{\vec\omega \cdot \vec r}{\omega^2}\vec\omega$$
Subtracting this from the position vector yields the component of the position vector that is orthogonal to the angular velocity vector:
$$\vec r_{\perp} \equiv \vec r - \vec r_{||} = \vec r - \frac{\vec\omega \cdot \vec r}{\omega^2}\vec\omega$$
An alternative expression for the above using the vector triple product is
$$\vec r_{\perp} = \frac{\vec\omega\times(\vec r \times \vec\omega)}{\omega^2}$$
While the above calculations are occasionally useful, none is especially useful, at least not compared to how useful both the vector and scalar products of force and displacement are.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


There's going to be a Muslim hosting a show on SiriusXM radio five days a week! (That screaming you are hearing is from Trump supporters.) That's right, starting Monday, June 20 my weekly show will be expanded to five days a week, Monday to Friday from Noon to 1PM ET on SiriusXM Insight (Ch 121) You can see a clip of dancing in joy to the news HERE.
So now I will be offering to be your MBFF (Muslim Best Friend Forever) five days a week. If I can only get SiriusXM to give me four hours a day then I'm pretty sure I can impose Islamic law by 2018.
So what will my new show be about? Well, we will tackle everything from politics to pop culture, all with a sense of humor. And the show will feature voices not always heard in mainstream media on these issues. I'm talking Muslims, Native Americans, Sikhs, Latinos, gay Muslims, Indian Americans, and even a few white Republicans.
I'm very excited that my first show on Monday will kick off with two great SiriusXM Insight hosts joining me: Pete Dominick and John Fugelsang. Other guests my first week include Rep. Keith Ellison (D-MN) the first Muslim ever elected to Congress. Comedian Lewis Black will join me to discuss what's making him angry that day.
Also on tap for week one will be CNN's Don Lemon, Trump surrogate Jeffrey Lord, Daily Show alum Aasif Mandvi, NBC's Ayman Moyhedin, lawyer Seema Iyer, and more.
Hope you tune in and join the conversation!
My show will be LIVE Monday to Friday Noon to 1PM ET on SiriusXM Insight (Ch 121) It is also available On Demand. And as always, I want to be your Muslim friend – so if you don't have one follow me on Twitter at @deanofcomedy and I'll follow you back or ask me questions at facebook.com/deanofradio.


Traditionally, medicine has involved therapies chosen according to clinical guidelines, often arrived at through clinical trials which categorized patients into patient groups. Such clinical guidelines would dictate that all patients within a specific group should be treated in exactly the same way. More recently, the paradigm has shifted towards personalized medicine, and in future, individual treatment plans will depend more on the specific characteristics of individual patients, including genomic data. This book presents the proceedings of the 9th scientific eHealth conference, the eHealth Summit Austria, held in Vienna, Austria, in June 2015. Among the main topics addressed at the conference were: active and ambient assisted living (AAL); eHealth education; electronic patient and health records; ethical legal and economic aspects of eHealth; ICT for integrated treatment, research and personalized medicine; patient portals and personal health records; semantic interoperability of information systems; and visualization of clinical or epidemiological data. One of the first fields of application for personalized medicine has been oncology, with current diagnostic tools including molecular risk factors, biomarkers and individual genomes. The next step in personalized medicine will be to extend these to a more general, personalized health approach. Such individual risk assessment and preventive strategies promise to have a huge impact on our healthcare systems, and this book will be of interest to all those involved in healthcare research, provision and practice.
Apps have taken the world by storm, and now they're taking SharePoint as well. The biggest new thing in SharePoint 2013, apps are the solution to creating custom code that runs on not just your own SharePoint deployment, but also on others' implementations as well. Pro SharePoint 2013 App Development is your must-have guide to developing app solutions that run on the SharePoint 2013 platform. Using step-by-step tutorials, author Steve Wright creates a sample SharePoint app throughout the course of the book, and you can walk with him through the entire lifecycle of a SharePoint app. Get expert guidance and advice on creating an app, provisioning it for use in SharePoint, securing it from unauthorized use and from other applications, integrating your app with SharePoint search and other platform features, and much more. You'll even discover how to present your app to users on mobile devices like iPads, smartphones, and Microsoft Surface tablets. Apps in SharePoint are here to stay. Don't miss out - pick up a copy of Pro SharePoint 2013 App Development and get started on your own custom apps today. Introduces the architecture for creating and hosting SharePoint apps. Leads the reader through the creation and deployment of a complete solution. Provides an understanding of the security features in the SharePoint app model. Helps the organization leverage internal data securely over the network. Leverages SharePoint search and other services to create rich SharePoint solutions. Introduces the techniques for delivering data on a multitude of web and mobile platforms.


Our issue work has not only involved public policy debates but also extends to corporate branding and community relations as well as helping businesses and organizations.
Often in our crisis management work we are brought in late, often after the crisis has developed, and there is little time for our clients to spend weeks in the field researching the best approach to a given situation. In these instances we work from our depth of political experience, and our knowledge of the electorate and public attitudes, to help guide our clients through often difficult times from the outset, and quickly assemble a research approach to fit the unique situation and create timely, actionable data by which we can navigate a given crisis.


text:
Q: How can I switch the boot loader from grub to UEFI bios after the installation of Ubuntu? When my computer is installed with a single system Windows 10, the boot loader is UEFI Bios and it is featured with a lot of functions such as changing the default GPU while booting. After I have Ubuntu installed, the boot loaded changes to grub. I am just wondering how can I switch between these two boot loader?

A: It's important to understand the difference between two different tools:

*

*Boot loaders are programs that load an OS kernel into memory and pass control to the kernel. These are usually OS-specific, so you must use the Windows boot loader to boot Windows and a Linux boot loader (such as ELILO, GRUB, or the EFI stub loader) to boot Linux.

*Boot managers present menus or command lines that enable you to launch particular boot loaders or other boot-related programs. A program that functions exclusively as a boot manager does not directly launch an OS kernel, although the boot loader it launches will do so.

This distinction is pretty simple and easy to understand, but there are some complicating factors that can make the difference seem rather blurry:

*

*Some programs, including GRUB, are both boot loaders and boot managers. GRUB presents a menu of options, like a boot manager; but it can also directly boot a Linux kernel. GRUB, however, cannot directly launch a Windows kernel, so to boot Windows, GRUB passes control on to the Windows boot loader. The Windows boot loader can also function as a boot manager, but it's more often configured to boot straight to Windows, so this functionality is less important -- at least, when people set things up as Linux users generally do. (Windows tools like EasyBCD can help configure the Winddows boot loader's boot manager features, but I'm not very familiar with this tool myself. My understanding is that it's still nearly useless on EFI-based computers.)

*Since version 3.3.0, the Linux kernel has included a feature, called the EFI stub loader, that turns it into its own boot loader. Thus, a boot manager (like rEFInd or gummiboot/systemd-boot) can start looking a lot like a combination boot manager/boot loader, in that the boot manager launches the kernel. The critical difference is that the boot manager launches the kernel by using EFI system calls, as if the kernel were a boot loader -- which it technically is.

Another issue to keep in mind is that the EFI spec includes a minimal boot manager, which is built into the firmware, not stored on disk. This functionality can be configured from Linux with the efibootmgr tool or from Windows with bcdedit or the third-party EasyUEFI. Unfortunately, the EFI spec includes NO guidance on what sort of user interfaces its boot manager should present. Thus, one computer may have a fairly decent user experience for its boot manager, but another may be hideous to the point of unusability. Furthermore, some EFIs have bugs that cause them to forget or ignore their boot manager configurations.
Now, to get to your question, it's not clear what tool was providing the functionality that has disappeared -- it could be the computer's built-in boot manager, the Windows boot loader, or something installed as a custom boot manager by the manufacturer. Ordinarily, the Windows boot loader presents few or no options, although it can be configured to show a menu with some options. If you can still boot to Windows from GRUB, though, that is done via the Windows boot loader, so if it was the Windows boot loader that was showing these options, I'd expect they'd still be available to you -- but after you select Windows from GRUB. (OTOH, maybe installing Linux has caused the Windows boot loader to adjust its options in a way you don't want.)
Sometimes adding a boot entry (via efibootmgr) causes a computer's firmware to drop other entries or otherwise adjust its operation. If this is the cause of your problem, you'll have to contact the manufacturer or (probably better) ask about it on a manufacturer-specific forum, since you were seeing features that are idiosyncratic to your computer. Unfortunately, manufacturer customer support about this is usually abysmal, but if you poke around in this direction, you may find something. The solution, if there is one, is likely to be to access the computer's built-in boot manager, which can usually be done by hitting Esc, Enter, or a function key early in the boot process. (There's no standardization about how to do this.)
If the functionality you saw came from a manufacturer-specific boot program, it may be possible to add it to the GRUB menu; but you'll need to track down the EFI program that provides that functionality and add it to the menu manually or by using something like GRUB Customizer. Alternatively, my own rEFInd might automatically pick up the manufacturer's boot loader and present it as a menu option, but I can't promise that. You can look for likely programs on the EFI System Partition (ESP), which is normally mounted at /boot/efi in Ubuntu. EFI programs usually have .efi extensions, so you can look for those. Note that many manufacturers also provide their own ESP-like partitions on which they store EFI tools and configuration files, but these partitions may not be automatically mounted in Ubuntu. You'll need to use a disk utility like parted to locate them, then mount them in your file manager or using mount.

A: There are a number of tools that allow you to switch up your efi boot loaders.

*

*efibootmgr ... It's not very fun to use but the actual answer. http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/man8/efibootmgr.8.html (Switch the boot order, answered here: Change boot order using efibootmgr)

*rEFInd is my favorite. http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/ This one allows you to easily set up custom looking boot loader displays and is somewhat easy to configure.

*grub2 will also let you manage this but it's not as intuitive as rEFIND is. Tons of resources for this here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFIBooting
I should could also mention here for more background information, there is a special partition on your hard drive that is formatted with a fat32 file system and is usually 128mb but sometimes bigger. It hold all of your UEFI boot configuration and loaders. Find it like this (on linux with parted):
$ sudo parted
(parted) print all
Model: ATA SanDisk Ultra II (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 480GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name                          Flags
 1      1049kB  1087MB  1086MB  ntfs         Basic data partition          diag
 2      1087MB  1360MB  273MB   fat32        EFI System Partition          boot, esp
 3      1360MB  1494MB  134MB                Microsoft reserved partition  msftres
 4      1494MB  190GB   189GB   ntfs         Basic data partition          msftdata
 8      190GB   349GB   158GB   ext4         LinuxHome
...
(parted)

You can use this info to mount the UEFI partition: /dev/sda2
For lots of detail check out Ubuntu's Community Wiki entry for it: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI


Enzo Ferrari is reported to have called the Willys Jeep "the only true American sports car" – it was also one of very few things designed by a committee that turned out to be a success.
This true American sports car, designed by a committee, was the American icon of the Second World War, the humble Jeep.
The beginning of thinking towards creating a small multi-purpose soldier and weapons carrier began in the United States in the years after the First World War. During that conflict motorcycles, both with sidecars and solo, had been used with good effect. So initial thinking was along those lines, as it was for the German military also.
The Ford Model T was considered but the design was already becoming dated. By 1935 however the United States military could see that it was going to need to gear up for a major war that would likely be on an even larger scale than the First World War. It would be a war in which mechanization would be a key strategic element. Among those thinking about this were Preston Tucker (of Tucker automobiles), and his friend Harry A. Miller. Tucker and Miller created a design for the Tucker Armored Combat Car during the 1930's, which was an early type of armored car complete with gun turret, and Preston Tucker also did some work with American Bantam one a small four wheel drive reconnaissance car. The work on the Bantam Reconnaissance Car did not proceed at that point however, not least because of Bantam's financial problems, but it would emerge a little later on.
By 1935 Japan had already begun its operations to invade China, beginning with the invasion of Manchuria and establishment of Manchukuo in 1931. The Japanese believed their emperor to be a god, and by definition this, in their minds, gave them the right to rule all nations under the principle of "Hakkō ichiu". Meanwhile in Europe Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party had established absolute rule in Germany with a vision to establish authoritarian rule over all of Europe. The Nazis had supporters in the United States, and he was named Time Magazine's Man of the Year in 1938. The writing was very much on the wall and Uncle Sam knew he needed to get his thinking cap on.
Even with his thinking cap on Uncle Sam, in the form of the United States Department of War, took until the war in Europe was well underway. It was on 11th July 1940 that the Department of War finally formalized its specifications for a quarter ton small four wheel drive vehicle and sent those specifications to no less than 135 US manufacturers.
The fact that there were 135 US manufacturers who the Department of War thought worthy of being sent such an ambitious proposal augured well for America's industrial ability to engage in the war that was looming. This request was urgent however, so urgent that companies were given just 11 days to respond with a bid, 49 days in which to have a prototype ready, and 75 days in which to produce an initial run of 70 vehicles. Of the 135 just 2 submitted proposals, American Bantam and Willys Overland.
The Army Ordnance Technical Committee specifications for this new vehicle was that it must be a four-wheel-drive capable of carrying a crew of three, have a wheelbase of 75″ and a track of no more than 47″. The empty weight of the vehicle was to be no more than 1,300lb and it had to be able to take a payload of 660lb. Its engine was to produce no less than 85lb/ft of torque, and the vehicle was to have a fold up windscreen, perhaps so that officers could drive it in rainstorms in reasonable comfort.
Bantam won the initial contract as the only company who would commit to meeting the Department of War's deadlines, and so Bantam's Chief Engineer, Harold Crist contacted a freelance engineer named Karl Probst to work on the project. Harold Crist had previously worked for two of America's most prestigious automakers, Duesenberg and Stutz, and both Preston Tucker and Harry A. Miller had a strong background in motor racing, so we might well conclude that Enzo Ferrari was right about the Jeep's sports car heritage.
Karl Probst had been contacted by the Army, who had persuaded him to join the project, and no doubt impressed on him the urgency. He, in collaboration with Harold Crist and a team at Bantam, created the blueprints for the vehicle in just 2 days, and had the costings done by the third day. We can assume they burned the midnight oil quite liberally to achieve such a feat, but we also need to remember that Bantam already had a preliminary design that had been created in collaboration with Preston Tucker. Much of the design work had already been done, making it realistically possible for Harold Crist and Karl Probst to get a team working on going from preliminary design to working prototype in such a short time.
The Bantam design was based almost entirely on existing Bantam parts, although it required a custom four wheel drive-train which was created by American gearbox maker Spicer. The engine used was a Continental 118 cu. in. (1.8 liter) 45hp four cylinder that produced 86lb/ft torque, just meeting the Army's requirements in everything but vehicle weight: the Bantam tipped the scales at 1,840lb. Despite it being a tad overweight the little Bantam's successor, the Bantam BRC 40, would later prove that it could capably tow an anti-tank gun.
The prototype was built in a workshop in Butler, Pennsylvania, and driven to Camp Holabird, Maryland, where the army's testing facility was located, arriving on September 23rd, 1940. The little vehicle was dubbed the "Blitz Buggy" (aka. "Old Number One"), no doubt in reference to The Blitz that the Nazi Luftwaffe was waging against Britain at that time.
One would think that after such a Herculean effort that it would be Bourbon and cigars all around at Bantam but it was not to be. The Army knew that Bantam did not have the production capacity to meet the Army's needs nor did they have the money behind them to accomplish such a feat.
So the Army invited Willys and Ford to create prototypes and, as if to add insult to injury, they sent the Bantam Blitz Buggy's blueprints to both companies after having them see the Bantam in action. The Army claimed to own the blueprints as they'd been created for their proposal, and Bantam were not in a position to do anything about it other than not breaking out the whisky and cigars.
Ford and Willys got busy on creating their own prototypes and were given more leeway in that the weight limit for the new vehicle was raised to 2,160lb. Bantam also revised and improved their model which became the BRC 60, or Mark II, (BRC standing for Bantam Reconnaissance Car). The Willys prototype was called the Quad, and the Ford the Pygmy.
All three were tested in trials resulting in some changes. The Bantam revised model was called the BRC-40 and it turned out to be the lightest and arguably best performer having good suspension, brakes and fuel economy. However, Bantam could not meet the Army's production requirement of 75 vehicles per day. Thus it was that the Army also contracted Willys and Ford to produce their models as well. The Willys Quad was renamed the MA (i.e. Military model A) and it had 240lb pruned off its weight.
The Ford was given the name "GP" (which is not the origin of the name "Jeep"), the G standing for "Government" and the P denoting the vehicle's wheelbase of 80″ (the Army had allowed the wheelbase to be 80″ after deciding that the original specification of 75″ was too short).
The early pre-production prototypes from all three manufacturers were not left to sit idle. The war had already caught up with supply and surpassed it. The first 1,555 Willys Jeep MAs were sent off to the Soviet Union under the Lend-Lease program, and 4,458 Ford GP vehicles were put to work in the US military. The Ford MA was a well liked vehicle but suffered from a weak and unreliable engine, the Ford Model N agricultural tractor engine.
With the need to standardize on one design the Willys was chosen, in part because of its superior "Go Devil" engine, and Willys were contracted to produce 16,000 of the little vehicles. These were improved yet again incorporating best features from the Bantam and Ford, such as the Ford's flat hood/bonnet, and were designated the Willys MB.
Demand continued to outstrip supply and by October 1941 the War Department got Ford to start manufacturing the Willys MB using their mass production capability, using the standardized Willys MB design complete with the Willys "Go Devil" engine. These Ford built vehicles were designated the Ford GPW, the "W" meaning they were made according to the Willys Jeep design.
These standardized models featured full interchangeability of parts despite there being some manufacturing differences between the Willys and Ford made vehicles: examples include the Willys having a tubular front cross-member while the Ford was made with an inverted "U" one, and the front grill of the Willys started out being an iron welded slat unit whereas the Ford was a pressed steel one. Willys changed over to the lighter and more easily made Ford style during wartime production.
Over the course of the war 363,000 Willys Jeeps and 280,000 Ford GPWs were built. American Bantam were also commissioned to build their nimble little BRC 40's and they made 2,605, with most being sent to British and Commonwealth military forces such as those of Australia and New Zealand. The original Bantam "Jeep" design still had another major contribution to make however. When the Japanese Imperial Army invaded the Philippines they discovered a Bantam BRC 60 (Mark II) reconnaissance car and were so impressed with the design that they sent it to Japan so that Toyota could reverse engineer it. The vehicle Toyota created went on to become the Toyota Land Cruiser.
With the Willys Jeep proving to be such an astounding success, fertile minds were busy thinking of more possible uses for it, sort of like the people who busy their minds finding more and more uses for WD40 or duct tape.
By 1942 Pearl Harbor had happened and the Japanese had demonstrated a remarkable level of military coordination by attacking not only Pearl Harbour, but also Hong Kong, the Philippines, Malaya and Thailand all on the same day.
The United States understood that the war with Japan was going to involve operations at sea and the islands of South-East and East Asia. The military was going to need amphibious vehicles of which the DUKW was a good example. It was decided to make an amphibious Jeep, sort of like a smaller version of the DUKW.
In collaboration with the US military Ford approached Roderick Stephens Jr. of Sparkman & Stephens Incorporated, who were yacht builders, with a view to using the standard Ford (Willys) parts to create an amphibious version of the Jeep: a "Sea Jeep" which would be called the "Seep". The amphibious Jeep was created, perhaps in too much of a hurry given the pressure of wartime needs, and put into production.
The resulting vehicle turned out to be too heavy and this gave it a much lower than desirable free-board, with the result that it was not useful in anything other than calm waters. These amphibious Jeeps were withdrawn from US service and most were shipped to the Soviet Union where they proved to be very useful for crossing frozen lakes and rivers, situations in which the lack of free-board was not a big issue.
If crossing a frozen lake or river in a normal vehicle, if the ice breaks, the vehicle sinks into the icy water and the crew either drown or die of hypothermia: neither of which is desirable. But if in a Ford GPA Seep if the vehicle breaks through the ice the occupants are kept safe from a cold and miserable fate, and will live to sip a Vodka or two again. The Soviets were so happy with their amphibious Jeeps that they created their own version, the GAZ-46.
As a side note the Ford GPA had considerable potential as was demonstrated by Western Australian Ben Carlin who modified one, named it "Half Safe" and proceeded to take it on an around the world journey which took him five attempts and ten years.
But he did it, and his modified Ford GPA can be seen if you are visiting down in Perth, Western Australia, in the foyer of Guildford Grammar School. Half Safe is a reminder that intelligent determination can help you to achieve things that other people think are impossible.
It had earned its laurels, and would continue to do so in the Korean War, and in Vietnam. Returning soldiers, coming home to rural America also had developed a great respect for the diminutive little four wheel drive automobile. One even had a Willys Jeep fitted with custom luxury car coachwork in Europe: it made it into Life Magazine. Perhaps it should have been an inspiration for Willys?
The Jeep had been such a success that Willys were determined to put the car into production for the civilian market they could see it would do well in. This was the world's first four wheel drive production car and it would be attractive to farmers, mining companies, fishing enthusiasts and sporting hunters.
Willys also had a marketing advantage that many companies would just about kill for: all over the world the US and Allied military either sold or gave away vast numbers of war surplus Willys Jeeps. The Willys Jeep was already poised to be the world's number one four wheel drive. All that was needed was for Willys to position themselves to take advantage of those world markets with dealerships, parts supply, and workshops.
Willys had seen that coming and had filed to trademark the "Jeep" name in 1943. This quite rightly went to litigation: American Bantam were the ones who had actually created the "Jeep", and then the US Department of War had supplied all the Bantam "Blitz Buggy" blueprints to Willys and Ford with the instructions to imitate and improve, which they duly did.
So it was in 1948 that the Federal Trade Commission forbade Willys from claiming that they had created the Jeep: it had been created by Bantam with further input by Willys, Ford and Spicer. This didn't alter things for long however as American Bantam went bankrupt in 1950, and Willys was then awarded the rights to the Jeep name that same year.
None of these things had stood in way of Willys striking while the iron was hot and getting their civilian version of the Willys Jeep into production and out into the dealerships in 1945. Despite being quick into action the work on the vehicle that would take what could have been the Jeep's markets in the British Commonwealth nations was quietly underway.
Over in Britain at luxury car maker Rover, the Chief Engineer, Maurice Wilks, was at work on Britain's four wheel drive "Jeep". Maurice based his new "Land Rover" on the Jeep design, in fact he built his first prototype on a war surplus Jeep chassis, and by 1948 Rover showed their car at the Amsterdam motor show and orders for the Land Rover came in faster than the factory could make them. The British "Jeep" legend had just been born.
Willys CJ series (CJ stands for Civilian Jeep) began with prototype models CJ1 and CJ2 "Agri-Jeep" before the CJ2A production model was settled on ready for 1945. Wisely Willys did not change the wartime Jeep design much. The CJ2A was equipped with a tailgate which necessitated mounting the spare tire on the side of the vehicle. The headlights were larger than the war Jeeps and flush mounted.
The grill was made with seven slots, because Ford had created the wartime nine slot grill. Down under the bodywork was a new T90 transmission replacing the original T84 while the "Go Devil" engine was the same as used in the military Willys Jeeps. Keeping the CJ2A as much as possible the same as the wartime MB meant that Willys could happily use up its inventory of MB parts to make profitable new Civilian Jeeps.
Advertising for the Willys Jeep CJ2A aimed at the likely agricultural and industrial uses of the Jeep and did not forget to mention the public utility roles and recreational uses for the little vehicle. To make the Jeep even more useful Willys did exactly what Maurice Wilks did as he designed the Land Rover: the Willys Jeep was provided with an impressive list of optional extras such as front and rear power take-off, capstan winch, and dual vacuum windshield wipers. There were also options to harden up the Jeep by fitting drive shaft guards, radiator shield, and a hot climate radiator.
The CJ3A was introduced in 1949 and was an incremental upgrade to the CJ2A. The driver leg room was increased by moving the front seat rearwards so that those tall enough for a future as a professional basketball player could drive one in comfort, this being accomplished by shortening the rear wheel well.
Also to improve driver and passenger comfort the seat cushions were improved, and the canvas hood was given waterproof joins was well as being made higher for better head room.
In 1953 the CJ3A was further improved with the fitting of the new Hurricane engine to become the CJ3B. The F-head Hurricane engine required the hood/bonnet to be made higher giving these vehicles a distinctly different appearance. Sales of the CJ3B to the public ended in 1964 although the vehicle remained in production for military and commercial fleet buyers until 1968.
Willys continued to improve and develop the Jeep for military use and introduced the M38 (aka the MC) in 1950 with this model being made until 1952 when it was replaced by the M38A1(aka MD). The M38A1 introduced the rounded fenders that would be characteristic of the civilian CJ5 and was fitted with the Hurricane F-head engine.
The military model Willys Jeeps were made with stronger chassis and suspension with reversed spring shackles, 24 volt electrical system, and military instrumentation. Just like their Second World War siblings they were often fitted out with a variety of special equipment, such as shovels and tools mounted on the vehicle's side, and arms such as machine guns.
The M38A1 was in production until 1971.
1955 saw Willys under new ownership, by Kaiser Industries. With this the Jeep was changed and modernized away from its familiar World War II appearance. The new CJ5 featured a rounded hood/bonnet and fenders with the bodywork being made of heavier gauge steel. The windscreen was taller and one-piece, and the front seats were form fitting bucket seats providing a good level of comfort.
Also improving the comfort were the longer springs while the instrument panel was a deeper back lit unit, the handbrake being re-located underneath the instrument panel to the left of the driver. The CJ6 was made as a long wheelbase version having a wheelbase of 101″ from 1955-1971 and 103.5″ from 1972-1981, when the Jeep CJ had to be stretched to accommodate the new engines.
In 1965 the model was offered with not only the four cylinder Hurricane engine but with a new 155 hp, 225 cu. in. (3.7 liter) V6 Dauntless engine which Kaiser Industries had purchased the rights to make from GM Buick. This engine proved to be very popular and three-quarters of all CJ5 and CJ6 models were sold with it during this period. The CJ5 and CJ6 were also offered with the option of a British 192 cu. in. (3.15 liter) four cylinder Perkins diesel engine. This "Four Pot Perky" produced 62 hp @ 3.000 rpm with 143lb/ft torque @ 1,350 rpm.
This changed again in 1972 after Willys was purchased by AMC (American Motors Corporation) in 1970. AMC decided they no longer wanted to market the Jeep as a "workhorse" agricultural and industrial vehicle but instead as a sporty vehicle. In line with this they did away with the optional power take-off facilities and began to install even more powerful engines. AMC decided they wanted the CJ5 and CJ6 powered by AMC engines and so the Jeeps were fitted with the AMC 232 cu. in. (3.8 liter), 248 cu. in. (4.2 liter) six cylinder engines, or the 304 cu. in. (5 liter) V8.
In order to fit these much larger engines into the Jeep it needed to be stretched somewhat gaining three inches in wheelbase to 83″. Not only was the chassis stretched but it was also reinforced with a new box frame having six cross members. The fuel tank was also moved to the rear of the vehicle and increased in size to ensure the more powerful, and therefore more thirsty engines, still had enough fuel to give the car a decent range.
In 1976 the CJ5 was fitted with a Borg-Warner Quadra-Trac full time four wheel drive transmission. This system featured high and low range and a lockable limited slip center differential. In 1977 the frame was again revised to a fully boxed type and then in 1979 the standard engine became the 258 cu. in. (4.2 liter) in-line six cylinder with a twin barrel Carter carburetor.
The engine changed again in 1980 with the Jeep being fitted with a GM "Iron Duke" inline four cylinder engine which was branded as a "Hurricane" engine mated to a four speed close ratio gearbox. To cope with these more powerful engines the drive train was also beefed up including the front axle becoming a fully-floating Dana 30. One result of the new Dana 30 was the reduction of the car's turning circle by six feet.
The CJ5 was sold in a significant number of special package editions such as the Renegade, Super Jeep, Golden Eagle and Silver Anniversary. The "Tuxedo Park" series ultimately became a series of its own as the CJ5A and CJ6A.
Production of the CJ5 and CJ6 ended in 1983.
Introduced in 1976, the Jeep CJ7 was acknowledged by the factory as the last of the line that began with the World War II Jeep. The CJ7 was a model that was modified for improved stability, and that was made with side cut-outs designed for the fitting of real steel doors.
The CJ7 was made with the automatic Quadra-Trac all wheel drive system as well as a part time two speed transfer case and so customers had the option of manual or fully automatic transmissions. Engine choices were a 150 cu. in. (2.46 liter) inline four cylinder, a 258 cu. in. (4.2 liter) inline six cylinder, a 304 cu. in. (5 liter) V8, or a 145 cu. in. (2.4 liter) inline four cylinder diesel. For export only an additional option was an Isuzu C240 diesel engine.
The CJ7 was made in a number of trim packages including Renegade, Golden Eagle, Golden Hawk, Laredo, Limited, and the Jamboree Commemorative Edition made for the 30th Anniversary of the Rubicon Trail. This last special edition was the most heavily optioned Jeep ever built. These last Jeeps feature a dashboard plaque that reads "Last of a Great Breed – This collectors-edition CJ ends an era that began with the legendary Jeep of World War II".
The CJ8 was the Jeep owned by American President Ronald Reagan. It was best known as the Jeep Scrambler and it was a long wheelbase version based on the CJ7. The CJ8 was sold between 1981-1986 and had a wheelbase of 103.5″.
The Jeep Scrambler's cab was removable and the rear section was not a flat bed, but a utility style box. The vehicle was offered with four or five speed manual transmission or three speed automatic. They used a standard transfer case with front locking hubs.
The very last Jeep to wear the CJ name was the CJ10 which was only made for export, particularly for export to Australia. This model was a pickup truck made from 1981-1985 and was based on the Jeep J10 pickup truck. So in a sense these were not descendants of the original Jeeps at all but are only included here because they are the last of the vehicles to bear the Jeep CJ name. Engines were a 198 cu. in. (3.2 liter) inline six cylinder Nissan diesel, a 151 cu. in. (2.5 liter) inline four cylinder AMC engine, or a 258 cu. in. (4.2 liter) six-cylinder AMC unit.
The humble Willys Jeep started a revolution from which the world has never quite recovered. In its part in revolutionizing modern warfare the Jeep provided battlefield mobility far beyond what had been possible in the First World War.
Amongst the Jeeps many users were ambulance services and Special Operations soldiers for whom the ability to move quickly in inhospitable terrain provided great advantages. The Jeep's flat hood/bonnet was multi-purpose serving as a map table or even temporary operating table: and it proved to be a good place to carry extra fuel cans.
Moving in civilian life the Jeep proved to be the next generation vehicle after the Ford Model T. Here was a vehicle that could go most places, that was reasonably economical to buy and to run, and that was able to be maintained and repaired by its owner. The Jeep was a great vehicle for the post World War 2 era, a practical vehicle for practical people. It was so practical that even the British emulated it in making their own "Land Rover".
The Jeep also reflects the changes in culture of the United States over the years of its production. It went from being a small utilitarian vehicle to being a V8 powered sports machine for a new generation raised in a nation that was mostly at peace, a nation whose young people had not faced two World Wars with a major economic depression sandwiched between them. If we compare the wartime Jeep with the CJ7 in its final iteration we see not only the development of a vehicle, but in it a reflection of the changes in the United States as a nation.
The Willys Jeep not only proved to be a cultural icon in the United States but also elsewhere. In the Philippines the "Jeepney" became the iconic mode of transportation for that nation and remains so to the present day.
Despite the fact that the world has moved on the Willys Jeep has successfully carved out for itself a place in history. It has saved lives, saved farms, and helped save the free world from totalitarianism.
That's a pretty impressive set of achievements for a small 4×4 without a roof.
Photo Credits: US Army, British Army, Willys, Kaiser, AMC, Bonhams, RM Sotheby's, Land Rover.


text:
Q: I need help updating Xcode I have a mac that I primarily use for xcode (so I am not really familiar with how Macs work). I develop iOS apps. Of late I have been running out of space. I delete as much as I can and the space keeps filling up. I have an external drive that I can move thing to. So I moved a bunch of stuff last night so I had 8 GB free and tried to do the update. In the morning it said the update failed because I don't have enough space (400 MB available). I deleted Xcode 4 which freed up 10 GB of space. Immediately the available space started to drop and now it is down to 8 GB. The only thing that seems to be running is Application update.
Question: When an application update fails does it keep the space it is using? That is, do I have many copies of multi-GB partial downloads of xcode hidden somewhere on my disk? if so, where?

A: There's a possibility that it's Time Machine local storage; though I'd use something like GrandPerspective to see what is taking up the most space.
If it is local backups...
Disable Time Machine Local Backup Storage
Here's how to turn off local backups:
Launch Terminal from /Applications/Utilities
Enter the following command:
sudo tmutil disablelocal
Enter the admin password when requested to disable local backups
Re-Enable Local Time Machine Backups
sudo tmutil enablelocal
Remember, if you disable this feature you will not have local backups anymore, so if something goes wrong you will be out of luck. It's important to have regular backups of your data, and so if you're going to disable this be sure to still use Time Machine, perhaps even initiating a manual backup before you disconnect the drive, in order to preserve a recent copy of your data.
Source: http://osxdaily.com/2011/09/28/disable-time-machine-local-backups-in-mac-os-x-lion/
As regards temporary downloads…
They really ought to clean themselves up automatically, but if you're feeling brave & want to dig [very carefully] down into the filesystem, they live deep inside /private/var/folders/
I'd use something like EasyFind (freeware) to search for the string com.apple.appstore in Invisible files & folders, & look inside the most recently-modified folder matches (double click one of the found folders to open in Finder).
But I'd be really careful to be absolutely certain of what you're doing in there - I don't know if partial downloads will be obvious & in cleartext. I wouldn't touch anything with an unfathomable name.

A: Over time the problem kept coming back for other updates in addition to Xcode. I eventually used the Disk Utility to Repair Disk Permissions and got back 6 GB.


The promoter is: Weareive Ltd whose registered office is at 31 The Calls, Leeds, LS2 7EY.
The competition is open to residents of the United Kingdom aged 18 years or over except employees of WeareIVE Ltd, Narrative Ltd, and GEOnet and their close relatives and anyone otherwise connected with the organisation or judging of the competition.
Closing date for entry will be 23:59 28/05/2018. After this date the no further entries to the competition will be permitted.
Entry to the competition requires the person to register for our GDPR compliant mailing list https://weareive.us6.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=a16d7eb4bcc9b34425c2f0b74&id=1c8b07e63a at and remain a member with a contact preference indicating that we may email them at the time of the winner being chosen (29th of May 2018).
A winner will be randomly selected from amongst all entrants on this list by a member of the IVE team on the 29th of May. They will be contacted by email to arrange delivery of a £30 Amazon Gift Voucher.
13. Winners will be chosen: 29/05/2018 at random, from all entries received and verified by Promoter and or its agents.
14. The winner will be notified by email. If the winner cannot be contacted or do not claim the prize within 1 month of notification, we reserve the right to withdraw the prize from the winner.
19. Any personal data relating to the winner or any other entrants will be used solely in accordance with current UK data protection legislation and will not be disclosed to a third party without the entrant's prior consent.
WeareIVE LTD shall have the right, at its sole discretion and at any time, to change or modify these terms and conditions, such change shall be effective immediately upon posting to this webpage.
WeareIVE LTD also reserves the right to cancel the competition if circumstances arise outside of its control.


text:
Curbside pick-up is available from 10 AM - 6 PM on Monday - Saturday (call when you arrive). No minimum purchase required.
Spend $20 or more and get FREE local delivery Monday - Saturday to these in-town Atlanta neighborhoods: 30303, 30305, 30306, 30307, 30308, 30309, 30310, 30312, 30313, 30315, 30316, 30317, 30324, 30030, 30032, 30329, 30033, 30002. Delivery times vary depending on zip code.
If you don't see what you're looking for on our website, please email us. We can provide most titles within a week.
No time to call or email us? You can now text A Cappella Books at (470) 486-6670 for customer service.
To redeem credit, A Cappella Choir members and gift card holders should place orders by phone or email.
Book club members must order their monthly selections by phone or via email to receive their 10% discount.
Please note that USPS is experiencing delays due to the pandemic. Mailed packages may arrive several days later than usual.
A Cappella Books
Our Featured Titles
The Glen Thrasher Collection
The Thomas Lux Collection
Writers At The Wrecking Bar
Join Choir
Gray, Drew
Murder Maps: Crime Scenes Revisited. Phrenology to Fingerprint. 1811-1911
Thames & Hudson, October 2020. Hardcover. New. Item #241782
Elegant period maps and compelling crime analysis illuminate this disquieting volume, which reexamines the most captivating and intriguing homicides of the nineteenth century. Organized geographically, the elements of each murder--from the prior movements of both killer and victim to the eventual location of the body--are meticulously replotted using archival maps and bespoke plans, taking readers on a perilous journey around the murder hot spots of the world.
From the "French Ripper," Joseph Vacher, who roamed the French countryside brutally mutilating and murdering at least eleven people, to H. H. Holmes and his "Murder Castle" in Chicago, crime expert Dr. Drew Gray recounts the details of each case. His forensic examination uncovers both the horrifying details of the crimes themselves and the ingenious detective work that led to the capture of the murderers. Throughout the book, Gray highlights the development of police methods and technology, from the introduction of the police whistle to the standardization of the mug shot to the use of fingerprinting and radiotelegraphy in apprehending criminals.
Vividly recreating over one hundred individual murder cases through historic maps, photographs, newspaper excerpts, court papers, and police reports, Murder Maps is perfect for everyone interested in criminal history, forensics, or the macabre.
See all items in History
See all items by Drew Gray
Our weekly e-newsletter keeps you up to date on our full schedule of author events, the books we're into, and the literary beat around town.
208 Haralson Ave. NE
© 2021 A Cappella Books. All rights reserved. Site Map | Site by Bibliopolis


text:
VIP Secret Passages Tour & St. Marks Basilica
Venice Tours
VIP Doge's Palace Secret Passages Tour & St. Mark's Basilica
City: Venice
Start Time: 9:15 AM
The most complete tour of the Doge's Palace, we'll take you to special access areas not usually open to the public – including torture chambers and Casanova's prison cell!
After your secret passages tour, you'll skip notoriously long general access lines to get inside the Doge's Palace for a special tour by our local guide
Traveling in small groups of max 20 people throughout, your journey will be intimate, while privileged access means you won't queue at all
Due to Covid-19, this tour has been amended to ensure the safety and wellbeing of our guests. St Marks Basilica may be subject to visit restrictions, your tour will be ammended on the day to offer you the most comprehensive experience avaiable. Please also note that it is not possible to bring large backpacks on the tour.
With special access, you'll see more of the Doge's palace than most other visitors
You'll meet your guide near the Doge's Palace and head straight inside (no waiting in line for you) where a palace guard will unlock a secret door, allowing you to step into the hidden world of political Venice. Navigate the hidden prison cells reserved for VIP prisoners, torture chambers, secret government archives and top echelon offices. Even back in the day, most Venetians didn't know this space existed, so it's hard to overstate just how privileged our secret passages tour is. With their antique cabinets and creaky floors these rooms will truly make you feel as if you've stepped back in time.
By exploring the secret passages, you get away from the crowds elsewhere in the Doge's Palace and walk in the footsteps of Venice's most colorful characters. Our favorite? Casanova, that legendary romantic – yes, he did exist! As you'll learn, he deserves all of the lore. Against all odds, he was able to escape his cell here in the palace, a cell you'll get to see exclusively in the secret passages tour.
See secret passages and stunning ballrooms at Palazzo Ducale
Few visitors ever have the opportunity to walk the passages you've just walked, yet the Doge's Palace is still one of the top sights of Venice. See what all the fuss is about when you step back into general access areas of the palace to explore the waiting rooms, council halls and ballrooms of the palace. While our secret passages tour is full of dark secrets and hidden rooms, the general access part of this tour is all pomp and grandeur – visiting some of Venice's finest works of art.
You'll discover the public face of the Republic of Venice with your expert guide, from the Doge's own lavish apartments to the Hall of the Great Council. Admire beautiful and dramatic paintings by Veronese and Tintoretto, and explore the magnificent halls that demonstrate the prestige of the Venetian Republic.
Pre-reserved tickets to St. Mark's Basilica
Round off your experience with a visit to Venice's other great site; St. Mark's Basilica. Since you're traveling with a local guide, you'll have use of a special entrance at the Basilica, potentially saving you up to an hour of waiting in line. Once inside, your guide will give you a full tour of the Basilica, from the east-meets-west architecture to the stunning gold mosaics. Nowhere pays homage to the city's past as much as St Mark's Basilica, a structure that benefited greatly from the pillaging of Venetians abroad.
Blending so many world influences, it's a perfect microcosm of Venetian style and history. And like the Doge's Palace, it holds plenty of prime storytelling material for your guide.
Small groups, special access, local guides. What more could you want?
Throughout your tour, you'll travel in small groups of only 20 people or less, so you'll find that your guide is always easy to hear and engage with. Ask all the questions you want – our guides are Venetian locals who spend a lot of time in the Doge's Palace and St. Mark's Basilica, so you'll find it hard to catch them out. They're passionate about the history and art of Venice, and about sharing that passion with you, so they'd love to hear your queries.
With privileged entrance, we save time waiting in line, while special access allows us to go far beyond the usual visitor experience for an adventure into the Doge's Palace secret passages. Leave no stone unturned or door unopened on this complete, comprehensive, and thoroughly VIP exploration of the history and art of Venice!
Please note that due to Doge's Palace rules, we cannot accommodate children under six-years-old in the Secret Passages.
Casanova's prison cell
Secret archives
Hall of the Great Council
Courtrooms and the Doges' Apartments
Sala dello Scrutinio
New Prisons
St.Mark's Basilica
Pala D'oro
Special access to the Doge's Palace Secret Passages
Tickets & reservation fees
Expert Walks of Italy tour guide
Small groups of 20 or fewer
Pre-reserved tickets for St.Mark's Basilica
5-stars from over 565 Customer Reviews
Nico was a well informed, well spoken, and entertaining tour guide. Although the tour was long, it was so interesting that we could have stayed longer. Nico kept our interest with his tales of Casanova, and his descriptions transported us in time to the days of long ago. I highly recommend this tour!
Excellent tour. Wear sneakers.
Very warm, lots of steps, lots of empty rooms identified as cells. I feel that showing beautiful public areas first and then the hidden passages would have had more impact. Would not do this tour in warm weather.
The tour was amazing! The guide was very informative and involved every guest in the tour, especially the children. Overall I enjoyed the experience
Great experience, would definitely book again. We were able tosee parts of the museums that you wouldn't be able to see with general admission. Our tour guide was lovely, she was easy going and did a great job sharing with our group stories that surrounded the sights we were taking in.
Great tour with terrific guide.
This was a fantastic tour and well worth the money. It is long enough to be good value, but short enough that you don't get tired or overwhelmed. Our tour guide was interesting, funny and very knowledgeable. She helped us gain a greater appreciation for both the Doge's Palace and St. Mark's; especially given that we got to see certain areas of the palace that others do not. I felt like she enjoyed her job and having us there. I would recommend this tour to other travelers.
This tour is a must. Our guide didn't miss a beat and kept us engaged the entire tour. Doge's palace and st marks basilica is a must.
Tour was fantastic. Guide was very knowledgeable and engaged
Nico, the tour guide was perfect. He combined popular information tidbits with selective academic knowledge. He was friendly and helpful
Due to Doge's Palace regulations, children under the age of six are not permitted inside the secret passages and therefore cannot take this tour.
The prisons and secret passages as well as the terraces at St.Mark's are not wheelchair-accessible, nor is the route suitable for those with walking disabilities or for pregnant women. Please contact us at [email protected] if you have walking disabilities or if you are in a wheelchair to discuss alternative tours.
This tour may be unsuitable for those suffering from claustrophobia as the tour takes place in a confined space with narrow passages.
St. Mark's Basilica can be subject to unforeseen closures due to particular liturgical celebrations. In the case in which the Basilica is closed, we will give you explanations from the outside.
Please remember that the Basilica is a holy place and attire must be appropriate: Both men and women are asked to wear clothing that covers at least the shoulders and knees. Walks of Italy cannot be held responsible for denied entry due to improper dress. Backpacks are prohibited inside of St. Mark's Basilica.
This tour runs rain or shine. However, occasionally St. Mark's Basilica and the Doge's Palace are closed to the public, without previous notice, due to high tides or particular festivities. In these cases we endeavor to contact customers as soon as possible to arrange a suitable alternative.
Legendary Venice: St. Mark's Basilica with Terraces & Doge's Palace
Exclusive Alone in St. Mark's & Doge's Palace Tour
Exclusive Alone in St. Mark's Basilica After Hours