text:
The Witenwasserenstock (3,082 m) is a peak between the Swiss cantons of Valais and Uri, located in the Lepontine Alps. Close to the summit lies the tripoint border between the cantons of Valais, Uri and Ticino and the triple watershed of the Rhine, Po and Rhône basins.

Geography and hydrography
The Witenwasserenstock lies between the valleys of Geretal (west) and Witenwasseren (north-east). At the foot of the mountain are located the Geren and Witenwasseren Glaciers. The tripoint between the cantons of Valais, Uri and Ticino (3,025 m) is located 300 m east from the summit. It acts as a notable watershed. On the west the Gerenwasser ends in the young Rhone, on the east the Witenwasserenreuss ends in the Reuss, a tributary of the Rhine and, on the east, the Ri di Bedretto ends in the Ticino (in the Leventina), a tributary of the Po.

 The Rhine enters the North Sea 670 km north.
 The Po enters the Adriatic Sea 360 km south-east.
 The Rhone enters the Mediterranean Sea 460 km south-west

See also
 Piz Lunghin a Swiss mountain triple watershed of Danube, Po and Rhine.

References

 Google Earth

External links
 Witenwasserenstock summitpost.org

Mountains of the Alps
Alpine three-thousanders
Mountains of Valais
Mountains of the canton of Uri
Uri–Valais border
Lepontine Alps
Mountains of Switzerland


text:
Psychotria strictistipula är en måreväxtart som beskrevs av Raymond Albert Alfred Schnell. Psychotria strictistipula ingår i släktet Psychotria och familjen måreväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Måreväxter
strictistipula

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Nigerians To Watch This Weekend
Posted By:- Hafis Ates, On January 1, 2021.
Nigerians in Europe
Semi Ajayi had a mixed ending to 2020 but he'll hope to start the New Year on a high against seemingly resurgent Arsenal.
Which other products from the West African nation could be in action in the first weekend of 2021?
While James Rodriguez's return puts Iwobi's run of starts under threat, the attacking midfielder showed in the final weeks of 2020 that he can be relied upon by Carlo Ancelotti.
Everton play host to West Ham United searching for their third straight win at Goodison Park, although they'll have to go about it without supporters after the Liverpool city region moved into Tier 3.
The Hammers' form has dipped slightly in December, with David Moyes' side claiming just one win in their last five games, seeing them fall to 10th.
Despite the injury returnees, Iwobi ought to play in some capacity against the London outfit as the Toffees aim to maintain their top four spot in the league.
Semi Ajayi
Having secured draws at Manchester City and Liverpool, being thrashed 5-0 by Leeds United at the Hawthorns wasn't how Ajayi saw 2020 drawing to a close.
West Bromwich Albion host Arsenal on January 2 with the burning desire to respond to that mid-week thrashing by Marcelo Bielsa's men, as they look to win only their second game since regaining promotion.
The Gunners, however, have won two on the spin after previously going winless since November and are favourites to win three on the bounce.
Wilfred Ndidi
Ndidi is expected to return to the Leicester City side that'll face Newcastle United on Sunday after being rested in the 1-1 draw at Crystal Palace in midweek.
The midfield anchorman has been in fine form since returning from injury and being able to count on the former Genk star at St James' Park will increase the Foxes' prospects against a team that held champions Liverpool to a 0-0 draw in midweek.
Brendan Rodgers' team have the second-best away form in the PL and could win their seventh on the road if they secure a victory over the Magpies.
Victor Osimhen
Back from injury, Osimhen's return boosts Gennaro Gattuso's Napoli side who play Cagliari in the first game of the year after a short hiatus.
The Azzurri have fallen off in the Serie A title race after a three-game winless run at the backend of the year which saw them fall nine points behind AC Milan, albeit having played a game less.
Cagliari have lost only twice on home turf so far this season and could fancy their chances against a side with two successive defeats on the road.
Simy
While Crotone's overall form improved before the brief break, Simy could only score once in the encouraging that saw the Pythagoreans win two and draw one of their final four games of the year.
The newly-promoted side play an in-form Inter Milan this weekend with the odds supremely stacked against them as they look to begin 2021 on a positive note.
Could Crotone possibly end Inter's seven-game winning streak at San Siro?
source:- goal
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Coach, Gernot Rohr Gives Victor Moses Conditions To Return To Super Eagles Team
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Odion Ighalo Speaks Out Over Man Utd Future As Loan Deal Runs Down
Messi, Ronaldo, Mbappe… 20 Footballers Who Have Broken Guinness World Records
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Musa & Ekong Lead Super Eagles & Nigerian Players To Celebrate Independence Day
Winner Of 2019 Ballon D'Or Reportedly Confirmed

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Isolation Tank Refines Technology for Mars Mission
By ADAM TANNER
JOHNSON SPACE CENTER, Texas —
Last year John Lewis spent 91 days locked in an isolation tank, deprived of his wife, fresh food, sunlight and even a normal toilet. And he can't wait to go back.
"I don't feel that I've been here for that many days," said Lewis, a 31-year-old aerospace engineer who has spent a total of 121 days inside the cylindrical steel tank during two tests with three other volunteers. "You get this blurred vision of what was yesterday."
NASA is stepping up isolation-tank research as it drafts plans to embark on one of the most ambitious space flights ever undertaken, a 1,000-day odyssey to Mars. With Russia, Europe, Japan and Canada, the space agency will also launch the first elements of a new space station this year, extending manned presence in space well into the next century.
The goal of the isolation experiments is to perfect a life-support system to turn urine, sweat and old shower water into clean drinking water. The system should also make oxygen from the carbon dioxide humans exhale.
Recycling is vital because a crew en route to Mars will not be able to stop off for more supplies.
"All these tests are invaluable in determining where we need to do more research," said Donald Henninger, Johnson Space Center's chief scientist for life-support systems. "They're also the best way we'll convince the operational folks they're ready to go."
NASA's three-story, 20-foot-wide isolation tank simulates the confined environment of a spaceship. It was used to test space suits for Gemini flights in the early 1960s but now is a cramped home for four resembling a giant can.
The first floor has a living room, kitchen and toilet, known as the "hygiene waste-water cabinet" in NASA-speak. The facility features a tube that leads to the recycling system for urine and a thick plastic bag atop a seat for other waste, which is not recycled.
"The kind of people who sign up . . . are the kind of people that overcome hardships," said Laura Supra, 29, one of four volunteers in the three-month experiment. "If you're the kind of person who likes camping, you don't like going to the outhouse but you do it because it's camping."
Up a steep metal ladder, the second floor stores scientific equipment and the third holds four tiny bedrooms. NASA cameras keep an eye on the crew except in the bedroom and bathroom.
It looks like a dull place for an extended stay, but the volunteers say a full program of work kept them from getting bored.
"We were very busy. Time went by very quickly," said Vickie Kloeris, 41, another veteran of the 91 days, which ended in December. "It's a mindset. You get yourself prepared for the duration you know you're going to be there. It really doesn't matter if it was 90 days or 291 days."
In fact, the crew's hopes to catch up on reading or learning a foreign language quickly evaporated under their daily regimen. "I brought my Russian book with me," Supra said. "I think I cracked the book once."
The NASA program also demanded a lot of time on the treadmill and other exercise, which astronauts need to maintain their muscles in the weightlessness of space.
"I came out of here in better shape than I'll probably be in the rest of my life," said Lewis, a tall, thin man with glasses and a Vandyke beard. "I'm one of these guys who doesn't do a lot of running unless someone is chasing me."
Crew members say no romances developed between the two men and two women, although all said relations remained friendly. Three of the four volunteers are married, and Lewis' wife was in the last trimester of a pregnancy during his time inside.
"It's not like a bunch of fraternities and sororities heading off for six months at the shore," said psychologist Al Holland, who monitored the experiment, noting the professional dedication of the crew.
The volunteers did have some perks that astronauts lack. They could easily call friends and family and see them with a video linkup, and they could watch television. And--unlike a Mars mission--the isolation-tank crew knew they could leave any time.
The NASA isolation experiments are not the first of their kind but are the most sustained and ambitious. The space agency plans a series of ever-longer tests, leading to a 420-day isolation study in 2005.
Four Russians spent six months in a Siberian underground chamber in 1974, paving the way for a series of pioneering Russian space stations leading to the Mir station, in its 12th year in orbit. The United States did a 90-day test in 1972.
An Italian sociologist set the record in 1992 and 1993 by spending 366 days alone in a subterranean chamber, but the focus was largely on psychological research. At the height of the Cold War in the 1950s, others spent extended periods in bomb shelters as survival tests.
Russian engineers have already made important advances in designing the life-support system for Mir, which has worked, albeit with well-publicized recent difficulties, since 1986. The Russian system recycles sweat and urine for drinking water and oxygen but does not recycle carbon dioxide.
Those taking part in the NASA isolation experiment have seen that it is not easy to perfect a life-support system that always works--an absolute requirement when it comes to air and water. "We had some situations where we came close to leaving," said Lewis, who, like many of his colleagues, hopes to become an astronaut one day.


A change from your typical red enchilada soup, this Chicken Green Chile Enchilada Soup is filled with your favorite chicken enchilada flavors.
In typical Utah fashion, the weather around here is going from warm and summery, straight into cold and dark. There have even been rumors that there might even be snow in the upper elevations this week.
What ever happened to fall??
Well, hopefully we'll at least have a few weeks of beautiful fall weather. But in preparation for the cold temps, I'm making soup.
Over the last month or so, I have brought you a few great recipe ideas that could be turned into lunch the next day, making lunchtime not only easier, but better for you than a trip to the drive thru. First, there were the BBQ Ranch Chicken Salad Sandwiches, then the Rosemary Ranch Chicken. Today, I'm going a little bit of a different direction.
Soup. One of my favorite things. I know with the other two recipes, I also posted about a way to change it up for lunch the next day. But one reason I love soup so much is the fact that you don't really need to change it up the next day. Soup makes awesome leftovers.
On the go? Invest in a thermos that will keep the soup warm, and it's the easiest lunch ever. Even kids can bring a thermos full of delicious soup with them in their lunchboxes!
And this soup – well, if you are a fan of Mexican food, this one is for you. I see enchilada soups all of the time, but they are usually a red enchilada soup. I thought it would be fun to do a soup based off of my favorite kind of enchiladas – the ones that are filled with cheese, chicken and green chiles. I can't think of a better combination!
I'm also convinced that I must really prefer thick soups over broth-y soups. This soup is thickened by using masa harina. If you've never used masa harina, it is very easy to find in the Mexican foods section of your grocery store. It is a traditional Mexican flour that is used to make tortillas, and it works wonders in this soup. Not only does it thicken the soup, but it gives you that tortilla flavor throughout the soup.
Soup is also a great way to get the family involved in dinnertime. Since it's not complicated to make, it was fun to have my daughter stir or measure – making dinnertime that much more fun!
Do you know what else makes lunchtime easy? Kroger does!! I don't think I'm a grocery snob, but I do know that many times, you get what you pay for. But Kroger has proven me wrong this time. I have completely fallen in love with their labels and foods. With everything from Private Selection to Simple Truth Organic, to the Kroger label foods, everything I have tried has been top notch. They especially make lunchtime easy with their yogurt tubes, apple sauce, granola bars and fruit snacks. I am truly a Kroger fan!
Heat the olive oil in a large pot or Dutch oven over medium heat. Add the onion and cook until softened, about 5 minutes. Add in the garlic and cook until fragrant, about one minute. Add in the chicken broth.
Combine 2 cups of the water with the masa harina, whisking until smooth. Pour into the pot along with the remaining cup of water, enchilada sauce, and green chiles. Season with the salt, chile powder, cumin and pepper to taste. Cook for 30-40 minutes, until thickened.
*this soup gets thicker upon standing. If you like a thinner soup, use more water or chicken broth to thin it out.
*if you like green chiles, but don't love them, only use one can of green chiles.
I'm with you – I prefer thicker soups to brothy ones. This looks so, so good!! I am totally craving soups with the cooler fall weather we're having in New England. This would definitely hit the spot one of these nights!!
I totally a thick soup person! I love their heartiness, the brothy soups just never fill me up! This looks so great! I love adding chips to the top!
Soup is a cold weather must. I love this recipe. Pinned!
Gah that soup looks good. MAN.
Damn I need to get out my crock pot now! this looks too good to pass up as dinner tomorrow!
I love enchiladas so this soup is perfect!
Love this! Today is a perfect day for soup too!
Yay for getting the soup memo! I so wish I was having a big bowl of this right now!!
I really like Kroger products too! This soup looks completely drool-worthy!
A good thick soup with lots of that green chile flair definitely sounds good to me! I am so into soup in the chiller months!
do you have a recipe for creamy garlic soup?
Love this! Perfect with this cooler weather we've been having too!
I love green chile anything! YUM!
I saw this on G+ and had to come over for a look. Love the cream cheese and enchilada sauce in this! I'm in Denver and we have some new snow on the mountains and some cool weather today. Soup is on my mind. 😉 Pinned and Shared.
I've been craving enchiladas lately. I was thinking in the form of pasta, but now I think I'm going to have it in soup form now.
Just finished this for dinner with the family… it was exceptional, loved the thickness of the broth. Ended up with about a TBS each of the salt, cumin, and chili powder and a 1/2 TBS or so of black pepper. Big hit, even the 6 year old loved it and had no problem with the slight level of spice.
Thank you so much for letting me know – I'm so glad that you and your family loved it!
This was an amazingly delicious recipe. I did make a fresh green chile enchilada sauce instead of using the canned, and also used fresh roasted green chiles instead of canned, and this soup was a hit! I had so many people asking for the recipe. My 11-yr old cousin (who is a picky eater) actually ate 2 huge bowls of this. I definitely will be adding this recipe to my list of go-to soups.
Thank you for posting this recipe! I have some Hatch chiles that I wanted to use in a soup, but every other recipe for a thicker enchilada soup also called for a pound of cheese…this is exactly what I was looking for!


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Makafui Awuku is an author, a poet and a spoken word artist, who addresses and shares his concerns on a lot of issues and topics. Better known as The Poet, he is also the Director of Students Initiative Ghana, a student US-based NGO, a mentor, a soccer trainer with American International School in Accra. He authored 'The Tertiary Years'.
He describes his poetry and spoken word as a ministry with the vision to inspire hope, provoke dreams, and encourage people in a place of darkness and depression. He also uses poetry to advocate social change and personal development.
Such advocacy includes the fight against galamsey tagged, 'STOP GALAMSEY', where he wrote a poem to support and had it published on Citi FM online; and also did a poem and spoken word video about mothers, which was also published and shared with mothers in Lagos Nigeria.
Joy FM's Open Mic event, where he shared stage with Ghana's finest MC, Manifest and Standup Comedy Show, KSM.
Launch of Professor Goski Alabi's 'Total Quality Book' where professors from all over Africa witnessed my performance.


Lucy has over a decade's experience as a copywriter, in-house and agency side. She was a lead copywriter for Dell's EMEA customer evidence programme for several years, interviewing customers, writing case studies, supporting video shoots and co-launching a dual language case study programme. She has also created a variety of content for Microsoft, Vodafone, Cisco and Google.


Healthy alignment of the spine is essential for the proper functioning and longevity of your body. Your spine can become misaligned from specific injuries and/or the stresses of every day life such as commuting and sitting in front of a computer. Even emotional stress can build tension in your spine and nervous system. Chiropractic adjustments restore alignment and mobility of your spine allowing your nervous system to function optimally and you feeling better.
I perform chiropractic adjustments on athletes and newborns, on expectant mothers, for people recovering from serious injury as well as anyone suffering from the rigors of work-life and aging.


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MY SUDAN
Sudan Map showing 5 states
Most of Sudan's topography is consisted of deserts, except for the narrow strip of the Nile valley which helped provide fertile agriculture and abundant pastures. Because of the availability of food and fresh water, the Nile Valley was populated more so than any other region in Sudan. The first civilization in Sudan, and one of the first in the world, developed there, along the Nile Valley.
18 states form the territory of the Republic of Sudan. We will be covering 5 of the main states.
These states are Blue Nile, Kassala, Khartoum, North Kordofan & Red Sea.
Below is map of their location in Sudan.
Blue Nile State
Kassala State
Khartoum State
North Kordofan State
Red Sea State
The State is subdivided into six districts: Ad-Damazin (capital), Al Kormok, Ar Roseires, Tadamon, Bau or Baw, Qeissan.
The state of Blue Nile is home to the Roseires Dam, the main source of hydroelectric power in Sudan until the completion of the Merowe Dam in 2010.
The Blue Nile flows generally south from Lake Tana and then west across Ethiopia and northwest into Sudan.
Blue Nile State is home to more than a million people, representing more than forty different ethnic groups forming a heterogeneous society characterized by both ethnic and cultural diversity. About 75% of the population live in rural areas and 25% in urban centers.
Its economic activity is based on agriculture and livestock and increasing mineral exploitation
The people of the Blue Nile state are really diverse so some have more of an African culture and others have more of an Arab culture. Moreover, because of the wide spread poverty within this state, their clothing tends to be eclectic.
Blue Nile Girl
Old mosque at Taka Mountain, Kassala
Kassala is the capital of the state; other towns in Kassala include Aroma, Hamashkoraib, Halfa el Jadida (New Halfa), Khashm el Girba and Telkuk
Kassala (City) is built on the banks of the Gash River, it is a market town and is famous for its fruit gardens
The Mareb River (or Gash River), is a river flowing out of central Eritrea.
Its headwaters rise south-west of Asmara in central Eritrea. It flows south, bordering Ethiopia, then west through western Eritrea to reach the Sudanese plains near Kassala.
Many of its inhabitants are from the Beni-Amer group, with others being of Hadendawa, Tigre, and Bilen origin in addition to a small group of Rashaida nomads who migrated from Eritrea in the last three decades.
Kassala is famous for its coffee, which is traditionally served in a clay coffee pot (jabana).
View of City of Khartoum
It is the smallest state by area (22,142 km2), but the most populous (5,274,321 in 2008 census)
First established in 1821, as a military outpost for the Egyptian Army, Khartoum said to have derived its name from the thin spit of land at the convergence of the Nile rivers, which resembles an elephant's trunk or khurtum.
Cities with Khartoum: Khartoum (Capital), Omdurman, Bahri, Sharq an-Nīl, Jabal, Awliya, Om Badda, Karari.
Khartoum located in the heart of Sudan is where the White Nile and the Blue Nile unite to form the Nile River. As they join, each river retains its own color: the White Nile with its bright whiteness and the Blue Nile with its brown color.
Divided by the two rivers, Khartoum is a tripartite metropolis- meaning it is divided into 3 densely populated urban areas.
People throughout the state of Khartoum wear toubs and jalabiyas. However for work and other affairs men tend to wear button-down shirts and long trousers, while women wear long shirts and shirts.
Central Sudan, is perhaps the region that is the most diversified and colorful in its cuisine and dietary habits. This is due to its being a melting pot for the different Sudanese cultures and peoples, and to its exposure to external influences.
More resources about Khartoum https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum
NORTH KORDOFAN
Kordofan Girl
Cities in North Kordofan: Al-Ubayyid (capital), Al-Nuhud, Er Rahad, Umm Ruwaba, Bara, Gibaish, Sodari, Abu Zabad, Umm Dam.
Al-Ubayyid an important transportation hub: the ending point of a rail line, the junction of various roads and camel caravan routes, and the end of a pilgrim route from Nigeria.
The weather is generally dry and arid.
For centuries, North Kordofan was inhabited by nomads and pastoralists, mainly the Dar Hamid, Dar Hamar, Guamaa, Kababish, Bideriya, Shwehat and including the Yazeed tribes.
Severe water shortages restrict crop production in the northern part of Kordofan. Some cereal grains and other food crops are grown, but the arid land is more suited to raising camels, sheep, and goats.
Resources about North Kordofan https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Kordofan
Port Sudan - Red Sea
The Red Sea state is divided into the eight administrative areas: Bur Sudan (Port Sudan), Gebiet Elma'din, Halayib, Haya, Sawakin, Sinkat, Gunob Awlieb, Derodieb, Tokar and Ageeg.
Port Sudan is the Capital.
The original inhabitants of this State are the Beja people; they make up above 65% of the current population with lower wealth and power.
It was built in 1905 and handles the majority of the country's international trade. Major exports include oilseed, senna, and hides and skins. Imports include construction materials, heavy machinery, and vehicles.
Those living along the desert tend to cover their faces from the hot gusts of sand,
Those living in Port Sudan wear loose clothing and spend a lot of their time in the markets.
Check out this video about Sudan Red Sea and for more info about Red Sea State, please visit https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Sea_(state)
Copyright 2019 © My Sudan. All Rights Reserved.


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Home / IoT News / Ayla Networks will Exhibit its services at three IoT trade shows
Ayla Networks will Exhibit its services at three IoT trade shows
Source: IOT News
Category: IOT News
A company based at the heart of Silicon Valley, Ayla Networks is going to showcase its offerings at three of the IoT industry shows in April. By the looks of it, the Silicon Valley IoT company is famous for its device management industry delivering services as well as application enablement. Ayla Network has become quite popular as a platform service provider. The company has come into prominence in the last couple of years.
From 1st of April to 5th of April Ayla Network is all set to meet up with the analysts in Hannover Messe 2019. Ayle Network is going to present and exhibit its current Internet of Things platform alongside other partners that utilize the Amazon Web Services.
According to the sources, the presentation is going to begin exactly on the calendar day of the Internet of Things on the 4th of April at around 12:45 PM. The presentation of Amazon Web Services Booth at Hall number 6. People who are looking forward to attending the presentation will have to head to the Hannover Exhibition Ground in Messegelande, in the place called Hannover, Germany.
Sources said that Ayla Network is going to join Flexco, Hitachi and TCS on 4th of April. These companies are fellow members who have been using the Amazon Web Service. All of these companies are going to showcase the brand new solution from Alya Network called the AylaIQ for the industrial, commercial as well as for equipment manufacturers.
On the 10th of April, all through the 12th of April Ayla Networks will be spotted in IoT/M2M Expo in Tokyo. The company is going to showcase its most awaiting Explorer Package that provides the Internet of Things customers with suitable development support for the products, a low barrier entry point, and rapid launching.
**This post was published on https://www.apnews.com
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New gadgets, new tools, new apps have inserted themselves into the lives of researchers strongly affecting their workflow. Can the iPhone replace the stethoscope? Will video be a better way to understand experiments than the traditional research paper? Will researchers remotely create shared research in each other's labs? Can journal articles become the semantic springboard to a multitude of research databases around the web? Do publishing technologies make the sharing of knowledge between researchers easier, faster, better?
Scholarly publishers are developing and working with new tools and technologies - delivering richer content and making better use of the content. These developments also add new and creative means for improved discoverability.
This year's Innovations seminar will take you on a journey into this new world of research productivity tools. Come and listen to researchers who are in the thick of it and see what other publishers are building and launching in this space. And start thinking how you can adopt these technologies to your business.
Matt McAlister, who joined The Guardian in 2008 from Yahoo, has always been a strong advocate for open strategies, API's and platforms. At The Guardian, he says, Openness is part of the organisation's DNA. Earlier this year, The Guardian took a big step in launching its Open Platform. The direct engagement that the Open Platform created with its own audience, partners and users creates new success and innovation. In this opening keynote, McAlister will give a picture of what's been happening behind the scenes to get to this point. The story includes how development accelerated greatly through Hack days, Internet Events and an Activate Summit. And how the new business model with a new technology infrastructure has further sparked new ambitions for the newspaper.
Hear the researchers' inside views on how new publishing technologies change the way they work, how they do their research and how this effects their publishing patterns and routines.
In a previous era the discontinuity between doing research and publishing it was understandable. Ideas and hypotheses were written in laboratory note books, results of experiments would be manual readings also written in notebooks and manuscripts would be typed and hardcopy submitted for publication. In an era were we have a digital continuum across the scientific process, it is surprising how little has changed. We, as scientists, are largely to blame. As providers and consumers of science we have not pushed publishers to better disseminate our science so that it can be more widely and more easily comprehended. We are hung up on the rewards of the traditional process, when we should be doing more to change it. Open access opened the door slightly, interactive PDFs and semantic tagging are examples of further steps, but data, methods and the knowledge derived from those data and methods typically remain disparate, and little use is made of modern digital technologies such as rich media  to address these shortcomings and I will follow up with at least how we and other scientists are trying to move the ball forward.
The act of citation of others' preceding work is a central social process in the practice of science, formalized in the reference lists that typically conclude journal articles. The advent of on-line publishing made references linkable, although some references in on-line papers may still lack direct hyperlinks to the cited articles. However, such references refer blandly to each cited article as a whole, with no indication as to the citation's rhetorical purpose.
Shotton will demonstrate how semantic enhancements to the on-line article permit the nature or character of the citation to be typed, and the local and global number of citations that each cited article receives to be recorded as machine-readable metadata, as a proxy measure of its importance t the academic community.
Additionally, Shotton will describe methods for relating the context of a particular citation to specific content within the cited article. Finally, the speaker will describe how this citation information, central to the academic enterprise, can be published as Linked Open Data, benefiting publishers by increasing exposure of published papers to potential readers, and assisting scholars in knowledge discovery by facilitating the construction and interrogation of semantic citation networks. Shotton will conclude by discussing the importance of reciprocal citation links between journal articles and the research datasets that underpin them, and the credit that can accrue to researches when they publish datasets as citable information objects identified by DataCite DOIs.
The gatekeeper is dead: Long live the gatekeeper!
An important traditional role of the scholarly literature has been a s a filter, selecting those submissions to the permanent scholarly record that are worthy of the cost of printing and distribution, and worthy of the attention of researchers checking the latest issues in the library. At its centre lies the editor, academic or professional, who makes a choice about how limited resources will be allocated. This made sense when the bottleneck was printing and distributing. In a web-world where the cost of making something available is low, it makes sense to publish everything, just in case, but how we will manage the information overload?
Neylon, who is an advocate of open approaches to research, will argue that this only seems a paradox from the print media world: that in fact publishing more makes filtering and discovery easier. Tools and approaches are available to enable improved automated filtering and discovery, for example by social filtering and hugely improved web search. It places control in the hands of the user. The role of the publisher changes from that of gatekeeper to one of facilitating discovery. To support this, publishers and researchers will need to consider how to provide access to much more of the raw material of the research process and critically how to enable the effective and efficient annotation and markup that will support new discovery platforms.
What does heavy use of technology do to our brains? Matt Richtel who has been with the New York Times since 2000, has recently dedicated many of his articles and other writing to exactly this topic. He highlights a new research stream pointing at the unanticipated side effects of electronic devices: when people keep their brains busy with digital input, they are forfeiting downtime that could allow them to better learn and remember information, or come up with new ideas. Early research indicates that the effects can be as significant as eating too much meat or consuming too much alcohol.
In his more recent articles, Mr Richtel focuses on the way digital devices deprive the brain from necessary downtime.
For companies like Elsevier and Thomson Reuters, launching tools that improve researchers' productivity, is core of their publishing strategy; two directors of the companies explain their approach. Across the STM industry, in a new initiative that spans wider than just publishing companies, ORCID is launching a new facility that should make all our lives easier: a universal identifier for researchers and contributors.
During the last decade, computing developments in information discovery have had a significant impact on the research breakthroughs that enhance our society. In the course of thousands of interviews with researchers, developers and industry influencers, Elsevier uncovered trends that are shaping research globally - workflow efficiencies, funding pressures, government policies and global competition. Elsevier also looked at key trends defining the future of web - openness and interoperability, personalization, and collaboration and trusted views, and the opportunity to create an ecosystem that empowers the scientific community to innovate, create and discover applications that leverage scientific literature to improved search and discovery processes.
This session explores this new ecosystem that enables developers, researchers and research institutions to develop applications that leverage public domain and licensed content. Sidi will talk about a platform that enables collaboration with the scientific community- researchers and developers- on solutions that target specific researcher interests and workflows. He will explain how publishers can offer their content through APIs and how publishers and platform providers can present developers with application building tools. This ecosystem will create a channel where developers can collaborate with researchers in developing new applications and will set a new paradigm in the way research information is discovered, used, shared and re-used to accelerate science.
Over the past several decades, bibliographic management tools have emerged as de facto standards among the academic software toolkit. EndNote, Refworks and many others are used by researchers across the academic spectrum. But, do these tools help make things more productive and, if so, how? The session will attempt to address this and other related issues by presenting an overview of the role of bibliographic/reference management software in the scientific researcher workflow. The current landscape will be explored including case studies of leading tools and highlights of new and emerging technologies.
A unique researcher identifier is required to create a clear and unambiguous scholarly record. This will greatly facilitate the scientific discovery process, and will improve the efficiency of funding and collaboration. This identifier should transcend institutions, disciplines, and national boundaries, and should be trustworthy and persistent over time. The Open Researcher & Contributor ID (ORCID) initiative was started exactly one year ago here in London to fulfill this promise. In September 2010, ORCID Inc. was incorporated as a non-profit organization. ORCID aims to solve the author/contributor name ambiguity problem in scholarly communications by creating a central registry of unique identifiers for individual researchers and an open and transparent linking mechanism between ORCID and other current author ID schemes. Howard Ratner, CTO of Nature Publishing Group and Chair of the Board of Directors of ORCID will talk about the significant progress that the ORCID initiative has made in the last 12 months, and the challenges that lie ahead.


Pregnant women get advice on everything. Women bend over backwards to offer their two cents on daycares, baby food, and swaddling. In the midst of dishing out must-do's for the mother-to-be, somehow, no one ever mentions what to do when you feel like an average mom. I honestly don't see why not because the moment that little person crosses the utero threshold, the feelings of not measuring up begin.
Many of us set out with high hopes of becoming a super mom. After all, we've not only dreamt about this moment, we've read books, watched DVDs, and listened to podcast all in preparation for the day we would become a mom. And once those tiny humans get here, we overwork ourselves trying to reach unreachable mommydom standards. We find ourselves striving to be "that mom" who makes organic baby food, posts adorable milestone pics on Facebook, and trains our child to sleep through the night, use the potty, and read before they turn one. We attempt to plan Pinterest perfect parties, keep well kept homes and cars, raise perfect kids, create perfect meals, get our bodies back, put them in activities everyday of the week, work outside the home, run our own businesses, and lead a balanced life.
Yet, in the midst of all we do as mommies, so many of us simply end the day feeling average. We carry around a gnawing feeling that we don't measure up, we didn't do enough, and we're failing at this thing called motherhood. I have felt this way more times than I'd like to admit and if you find yourself in a similar place, be encouraged!
Here are 10 reasons why you will always be so much more than an average mom.
I successfully breastfed my first son for a full year, so I figured, "I got this" with the second one. I never will forget the day I realized this would not be the case. It was about 6 a.m. and I was making lunch for the family while pumping milk with a hands free pump. Things were going according to plan until I looked down and realized I only produced a fraction of the milk I needed and was going to have to supplement with formula.
I felt like a failure and beat myself up for it. God, however, was not standing over me with a pointed finger. He had not created that mommy benchmark - I did.
God is not, nor will He ever be, a performanced based God: constantly dishing out monthly, quarterly, and annual reviews. Scripture tells us that, "People look at the outward appearance, but the Lord looks at the heart," 1 Samuel 16:7. While I was condemning myself, God was looking at my heart's desire to give my son a good start. He was pleased with my honest efforts, whether I achieved my goals or not.
If you feel like you don't measure up, ask yourself: By whose standard are you judging yourself - yours or God's?
If we counted all the things we mothers do each day, the list would be lengthy: give morning and evening hugs, speak encouraging words, pack lunches, and wash laundry. Although this work sometimes feel tiny and insignificant, the gifts and services are piling up inside our children's hearts. We are like gardeners sowing seeds inside our children's hearts.
We may not see growth now, but we continue in faith, believing we will one day reap a harvest when our children become adults. This is not average work. The role we play is meaningful in the lives of our children and in the eyes of God.
"Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up," Galatians 6:9.
There is something about a mother's love that compels her to serve her children, even if she is completely spent and exhausted. Her love for her children will push her to do more. The Bible talks about this sacrificial love in John 15:13: "Greater love has no one than this: to lay down one's life for one's friends." When we demonstrate sacrificial love to our children, we are showing them a love that is not average. This love is exceptional.
Have you ever examined the mothers in the Bible? Eve, the mother of humanity, disobeyed God and ushered sin into the world. Sarah laughed in disbelief after learning she would have a son. Rebekah helped Jacob steal his birthright. Jochebed placed her son, Moses, in a basket along the banks of the Nile River.
God is a master at working in imperfect circumstances in order to bring about His perfect will. He does not require perfection in our mothering - only faithful and surrendered hearts.
If you find yourself in the middle of an imperfect circumstance, rest in knowing that God can use the imperfection in your life for His glory. "And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love him, who have been called according to his purpose," Romans 8:28.
Overwhelmed with feelings of inadequacy, I buried my face in the shoulder of another mother and bawled like a baby. I was facing one of the greatest challenges of my motherhood journey. I felt defeated and convinced that I wasn't the right woman for the job. I didn't feel smart, strong, or equipped enough to handle the obstacle my family was facing.
We were handpicked to mother our children. God intentionally chose us because He knew we had the experience, personality, skill set, and heart to mother our kids better than anyone else. Whether you feel like you are average or not, relish in the fact that God handpicked you above all other women to mother your child.
Contrary to what society says, our greatest responsibility as parents is to pass the gospel message to our children. Nothing about this task is average. Romans 10:15 quotes the prophet Isaiah: "How beautiful are the feet of those who bring good news!"
Every time you pray with and for your child, you are impacting their present and future. When you talk about the life of Christ you are laying a spiritual foundation. As you coach them through difficult circumstances, you are teaching them how to walk out their faith. Don't discount the impact your influence has on their salvation. We have the privilege of sharing the gospel message with our children.
I was completely dreading it, but a year ago, I went to my college reunion. I went to a highly competitive all women's college, and most of the alumnae became highly accomplished. Whereas I had just resigned from my teaching job to homeschool my kids - just in time for my reunion.
God holds the position of mother in high regard. Remember this truth the next time you are washing dishes for the umpteenth time, choffering your kids like a taxi driver, or simply reading a bedtime story. Our service is deemed great in the eyes of the one who matters most.
Whether it's the way you make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, or your how you embarrass your kids at their little league games; there is something you do that no one else can mimic. The specific way we love our children is irreplaceable. Even if someone else were to do what we do, they would not be able to replicate the way we do it. As mothers we put our own unique thumb print on everything. Our mothering style is a one-of-a-kind original, and that makes our work amazing. Psalm 139:14 says we are "fearfully and wonderfully made." The next time you find yourself feeling average, remind yourself of the intentionality God exercised in creating you.
"She does Kumon on Mondays and Tuesdays, and basketball and soccer the rest of the week," said the mother sitting next to me at a restaurant. She proceeded to then show me the pre-calculus work her 7-year-old daughter had been doing. "My kids don't know precalculus," I panicked to myself. Within seconds I felt like I needed to run and sign them up for tutoring at Kumon.
Has this ever happened to you? Have you ever been perfectly content with your mothering until comparison completely changes your mind for you? Many of us have fallen hard into this trap. Keeping up with the Jones's is not what is best for us or our kids.
God has a unique journey for our children. This is why his Word says, "Train up a child in the way he should go: and when he is old, he will not depart from it," in Proverbs 22:6. Each child is to go in his own way. As parents we don't have to make sure our child participates in every activity. Seek God's will for the activities He desires for our kids, and trust Him to direct their path. Our job is to train our children up in the ways of God.
Motherhood, like life, is filled with failure: a burned meal, a misunderstanding, or a wrongly handled situation. Although it is tempting to cloak ourselves in this failure and throw a pity party, we must remember that we are not defined by our mistakes, nor are we defined by our role as mothers. We are defined by our relationship with God. 1 John 3:1 says, "See what great love the Father has lavished on us, that we should be called children of God! And that is what we are! " When you are feeling like an average mom, remember who truly you are: a beloved daughter of God.
Kia Stephens is a wife and homeschooling mama of two who is passionate about helping women know God as Father. For this reason, she created The Father Swap Blog to be a source of encouragement, healing, and practical wisdom for women dealing with the effects of a physically or emotionally absent father. Each week through practical and biblically sound teaching she encourages women to exchange father wounds for the love of God the Father. Download Kia's free ebook, Hope for the Woman With Father Wounds here. Additionally, you can connect with Kia on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and Pinterest.


I recently had the chance to catch up with Bashir Osman of TechGeek365.com. His innovative website provides streamline updates on the latest technology news and tips. Check out our Q and A session.
Q: Can you tell us about yourself and Tech Geek 365?
A: My name is Bashir Osman, I'm a Computer Software Engineer, a Tech Entrepreneur and the founder of TechGeek365.com.
Q: What inspired you to create such a forward-thinking website?
A: We're currently living in the tech age, and understanding the technologies that surround us which we use every single day is extremely important. TechGeek365.com provides high quality articles to help people connect with the world around them. We post articles about technology, social media, mobiles, gadgets, entrepreneurship and so much more!
Q: The tech industry has grown tremendously in the last few years. Are there any up-and-coming trends that we should be on the lookout for?
A: That's absolutely right! The tech industry has seen an enormous boom over the past decade and will definitely continue to grow for the next foreseeable future. I'd have to say that the biggest trends to keep an eye on are Drone Technology, Wearables & Smart Machines.
Q: What's the most challenging thing about what you do? What's the most rewarding?
A: As an entrepreneur, I've had my good days as well as my fair share of tough times. There's no real stability, the risk is high especially at the beginning of any new venture and priorities in life must be adjusted to achieve the goals set. This can be a hard lifestyle at times, and it certainly isn't for everyone, however, I always noticed that the more work I put in, the more I get out, which is what keeps me motivated to do what I do. You often hear in business that the higher the risk, the higher the return, which is completely true.
Q: In your opinion, are there any typical mistakes that startup companies should avoid?
A: I actually encourage startups to make mistakes. It's the only way they'll learn. I've failed over and over and over again and each failure taught me a lesson. The bigger the failure, the more valuable the lesson. One of the biggest mistakes a startup can make is hiring the wrong people for the job. The team has to be like-minded and laser focused with the same goal in mind, otherwise things will just get very nasty. One great lesson, is to fail quick. Many great and successful leaders consider the concept of failing quick as an essential part of success.
Q: Give us a rundown of what a day in the life of a "tech geek" looks like.
A: Tech geeks tend to share a strong passion in technology inside and outside work. Sure we have hobbies that have nothing to do with technology, but most of us spend at least a few hours a day researching the latest-and-greatest on our own time. We pretty much work hard, play hard and drink coffee haha.
Q: Any success tips for people looking to break into the tech field?
A: Success is a relative term. Essentially, it refers to the accomplishment of a goal or aim. For some, that might mean finding happiness or wealth. For others, it could mean improving other people's lives.
Personally, I believe that if you want to succeed in technology, you really have to be passionate about it and have a lot of patience. You have to be dedicated, consistent, focused, organized and most importantly you have to love what you're doing to make it in this field.
Q: With information constantly changing and evolving, how do you stay ahead of the curve?
A: Keeping up with the latest technology changes, enhancements, and new developments is a challenge. While the basic principles of good business may be timeless, the business of technology is ever-changing. Something that is cutting edge today might be obsolete next year or even next week. That's why staying up-to-date on the latest in your field is crucial.
To avoid falling back, I usually dedicate one hour every morning to read about the latest technologies and developments. I also attend webinars, conferences and events related to technology, which is a great way to gain knowledge as well as connections through networking.
Being a tech entrepreneur and an active member of the startup community, I have also found that by interacting with members of various startups, I've been able to learn about brand new, innovational ideas that these people are coming up with and thus keeping myself ahead of the curve.
Q: What's your favorite social media outlet, or app? Why?
A: My personal favorite social media outlet is definitely Twitter. It's an incredible platform when it comes to sharing articles, especially if you're using the correct hashtags in your tweets.
Every website owner knows the importance of website traffic (especially if you're running advertisements), and Twitter makes it very easy to bring in clean and unique traffic through the usage of hashtags related to the article you're sharing.
This technique not only improves your website stats, but also increases your fan base since hashtags are generally quite targeted and specific.
Q: Any future goals, aspirations, or secret dreams that you're working to make come true?
A: In terms of TechGeek365.com, we're currently working very hard on gathering the tools and skills required to create original high quality video reviews that our website visitors will love. We're also actively reaching out to entrepreneurs and startups worldwide to help them gain exposure and hopefully become recognized and very successful.


WHEN THEY TOPPED $50,000 IN SALES. THEY WATCHED OUR FEARLESS SCOUT LEADERS DO A POLAR PLUNGE IN NOVEMBER TO CELEBRATE. BUT IT JUST WASN'T COLD ENOUGH IN THE FALL FOR US!!!!!!
WE'LL SIP HOT CHOCOLATE AND SHARE SOME PIZZA AS WE WATCH OUR SCOUT LEADER DO A POLAR BEAR PLUNGE THIS WINTER!


text:
Fictitious or fake entries are deliberately incorrect entries in reference works such as dictionaries, encyclopedias, maps, and directories, added by the editors as a copyright trap to reveal subsequent plagiarism or copyright infringement. There are more specific terms for particular kinds of fictitious entry, such as Mountweazel, trap street, paper town, phantom settlement, and nihilartikel.

Terminology

The neologism Mountweazel was coined by The New Yorker writer Henry Alford in an article that mentioned a fictitious biographical entry intentionally placed as a copyright trap in the 1975 New Columbia Encyclopedia. The entry described Lillian Virginia Mountweazel, a fountain designer turned photographer, who died in an explosion while on assignment for Combustibles magazine. Allegedly, she is widely known for her photo-essays of unusual subject matter, including New York City buses, the cemeteries of Paris, and rural American mailboxes. According to the encyclopedia's editor, it is a tradition for encyclopedias to put a fake entry to trap competitors for plagiarism. The surname came to be associated with all such fictitious entries.

The term nihilartikel, combining the Latin nihil ("nothing") and German Artikel ("article"), is sometimes used.

Copyright traps
By including a trivial piece of false information in a larger work, it is easier to demonstrate subsequent plagiarism if the fictitious entry is copied along with other material. An admission of this motive appears in the preface to Chambers' 1964 mathematical tables: "those [errors] that are known to exist form an uncomfortable trap for any would-be plagiarist". Similarly, trap streets may be included in a map, or invented phone numbers in a telephone directory.

Fictitious entries may be used to demonstrate copying, but to prove legal infringement, the material must also be shown to be eligible for copyright (see Feist v. Rural, Fred Worth lawsuit or Nester's Map & Guide Corp. v. Hagstrom Map Co., 796 F.Supp. 729, E.D.N.Y., 1992).

Reference works
Fictitious entries in reference publications often occur in an attempt to catch plagiarism, such as:

 In August 2005, The New Oxford American Dictionary gained media coverage when it was leaked that the second edition contained at least one fictional entry. This later was determined to be the word "esquivalience", defined as "the wilful avoidance of one's official responsibilities", which had been added to the edition published in 2001. It was intended as a copyright trap, as the text of the book was distributed electronically and thus very easy to copy.
 David Pogue, author of several books offering tips and tricks for computer users, deliberately placed a bogus tip in one of his books as a way of catching competing writers who were re-publishing information from his works without permission. The fake tip, which purported to make a rabbit appear on the computer screen when certain keys were pressed, did indeed appear in other books shortly after Pogue published it.
In addition to the 1975 New Columbia Encyclopedia's entry on Lillian Virginia Mountweazel, the editors created another fictitious entry on the blind American artist, Robert Dayton. The article claims Dayton experimented "with odor-emitting gases that resemble pungent body odors." His supposed work, known as "Aroma-Art", is presented in a sealed chamber where an audience inhales scented air.
 The German-language medical encyclopedia Pschyrembel Klinisches Wörterbuch features an entry on the Steinlaus (stone louse), a rock-eating animal, originally included as a copyright trap. The scientific name Petrophaga lorioti implies its origin: a creation of the German humorist Loriot. The Pschyrembel entry was removed in 1996 but, after reader protests, was restored the next year, with an extended section on the role of the stone louse in the fall of the Berlin Wall.
 Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary of the English Language once contained an entry for fictitious bird jungftak:

Maps
Fictitious entries on maps may be called phantom settlements, trap streets, paper towns, cartographer's follies, or other names. They are intended to help reveal copyright infringements.

 In 1978, the fictional American towns of Beatosu and Goblu in Ohio were inserted into that year's official state of Michigan map as nods to the University of Michigan and its traditional rival, The Ohio State University.
 The fictional American town of Agloe, New York, was invented by map makers, but eventually became identified as a real place by its county administration because a building, the Agloe General Store, was erected at its fictional location. The "town" is featured in the novel Paper Towns by John Green and its film adaptation.
 Mount Richard, a fictitious peak on the continental divide in the United States, appeared on county maps in the early 1970s. It was believed to be the work of a draftsman, Richard Ciacci. The nonexistence of the mountain was left undiscovered for two years.
 In the United Kingdom in 2001, the Ordnance Survey (OS) obtained a £20m out-of-court settlement from the Automobile Association (the AA) after content from OS maps was reproduced on AA maps. The Ordnance Survey denied that it included "deliberate mistakes" in its maps as copyright traps, claiming the "fingerprints" which identified a copy were stylistic features such as the width of roads.
 The 2002 Geographers A-Z Map of Manchester contains traps. For example, Dickinson Street in central Manchester is falsely named "Philpott St".
The fictitious English town of Argleton was investigated by Steve Punt in an episode of the BBC Radio 4 programme Punt P.I. The programme concluded that the town's entry may well have originated as a copyright trap.

They are not to be confused with paper streets, which are streets which are planned but as of the printing of the map have not yet been built.

Trivia books

Fred L. Worth, the author of The Trivia Encyclopedia, placed deliberately false information about the first name of TV detective Columbo for copy-trap purposes.  He later sued the creators of Trivial Pursuit, as they had based some of their questions and answers on entries found in the work.  The suit was unsuccessful, as the makers of Trivial Pursuit were able to show that the game was based on questions and answers about facts obtained from a number of sources, and the information was laid out in a way that was demonstrably different from the original "encyclopedia".

Other copyright infringement
Other examples of copyright infringement that do not fall under the above categories include:

 In the summer of 2008, the state-owned Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute () became suspicious that a competing commercial service, the website meteo.sk, was copying their data. (This is generally legal in most countries, where such data is either offered under a free license or deeded into the public domain, but not in Slovakia.) On 7 August 2008, SHMÚ deliberately altered the temperature for Chopok from 9.5 °C to 1 °C. In a short time, the temperature of 1 °C appeared for Chopok at meteo.sk as well.
 The ANP in the Netherlands once deliberately included a false story about a fire in their radio newscast to see if Radio Veronica took its news from the ANP. Several hours later, Radio Veronica also aired the story.
 Google, alleging its search results for a misspelling of tarsorrhaphy started appearing in Bing results partway through the summer of 2010, created fabricated search results where a hundred query terms like "hiybbprqag", "delhipublicschool40 chdjob" and "juegosdeben1ogrande" each returned a link to a single unrelated webpage. Nine of the hundred fraudulent results planted by Google were later observed as the first result for the bogus term on Bing.
 In 2019, media company Genius revealed that they had caught Google reprinting their song lyrics as "Featured Snippets" on top of Google search result pages. Genius used a mix of two different types of apostrophes (curly and straight) in several of their song lyrics. When converted to Morse Code, these apostrophes spelled out the phrase "Red Handed".

Scrutiny checks

Some publications such as those published by Harvard biologist John Bohannon are used to detect lack of academic scrutiny, editorial oversight, fraud or data dredging on the part of authors or their publishers. Trap publications may be used by publishers to immediately reject articles citing them, or by academics to detect journals of ill repute (those that would publish them or works citing them).

A survey of food tastes by the U.S. Army in the 1970s included "funistrada", "buttered ermal" and "braised trake" to control for inattentive answers.

In 1985, the fictitious town of Ripton, Massachusetts, was "created" in an effort to protest the ignorance of state officials about rural areas. The town received a budget appropriation and several grants before the hoax was revealed.

Humorous hoaxes

Reference publications
Fictitious entries often occur in reference publications as a prank, or practical joke, in an attempt to be humorous, such as:

 The German-language Der neue Pauly. Enzyklopaedie der Antike, edited by H. Cancik and H. Schneider, vol. 1 (Stuttgart, 1996, ) includes a fictitious entry now well known amongst classicists: a deadpan description of an entirely fictional Roman sport, apopudobalia, which resembles modern association football.
 Zzxjoanw was the last entry in Rupert Hughes' Music Lovers' Encyclopedia of 1903, and it continued as an entry in subsequent editions down to the 1950s. It was described as a Māori word for a drum. Later, it was proved to be a hoax (having seemed suspect because Māori does not use the letters J, X or Z).
 Most listings of the members of the German parliament feature the fictitious politician Jakob Maria Mierscheid, allegedly a member of the parliament since 1979. Among other activities he is reported to have contributed to a major symposium on the equally fictitious stone louse in Frankfurt.
 The 1975 New Columbia Encyclopedia contains a fictitious entry on Lillian Virginia Mountweazel (1942–1973). Her biography claims she was a fountain designer and photographer, best known for Flags Up!, a collection of photographs of rural American mailboxes. Supposedly, she was born in Bangs, Ohio, and died in an explosion while on assignment for Combustibles magazine. Mountweazel was the subject of an exhibit in Dublin, Ireland, in March 2009 examining her fictitious life and works.
 The first printing in 1980 of The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians contains two fictitious entries: on Guglielmo Baldini, a non-existent Italian composer, and Dag Henrik Esrum-Hellerup, who purportedly composed a small amount of music for flute. Esrum-Hellerup's surname derives from a Danish village and a suburb in Copenhagen. The two entries were removed from later editions, as well as from later printings of the 1980 edition.
 The Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit includes entries from Tales of Maghrebinia, a 1953 collection of short stories by Gregor von Rezzori set in a fictional Balkan country.

Practical jokes
Fictitious entries occasionally feature in other publications in an attempt to be humorous, such as:

Rhinogradentia are a fictitious mammalian order, extensively documented in a series of articles and books by the equally fictitious German naturalist Harald Stümpke. Allegedly, both the animals and the scientist were the creations of Gerolf Steiner, a zoology professor at the University of Heidelberg.
Taro Tsujimoto is a fictional character often included in Buffalo Sabres reference works. Tsujimoto, an alleged Japanese forward, was the creation of Sabres general manager George "Punch" Imlach, designed to fool the National Hockey League during the 1974 NHL amateur draft; Imlach drafted Tsujimoto and only months later—well after the pick was made official—admitted that the league had been fooled by the fictitious player.
Franz Bibfeldt is a fictitious theologian created by Robert Howard Clausen for a footnote in a student paper. Bibfeldt was later popularized by Clausen's classmate Martin Marty as an ongoing in-joke among theologians, including a book and a parody lecture series at the University of Chicago Divinity School.
 At least two sports teams at Georgia Tech have long included George P. Burdell, a fictitious student originally created as a practical joke by a Tech student in 1927, in their lists of lettermen in team media guides:
Football: Lists Burdell as a letterman in the 1928, 1929, and 1930 seasons.
Men's basketball: Lists Burdell as a letterman in the 1955–56, 1956–57, and 1957–58 seasons.

Puzzles and games
Many publications have included false items and then challenged readers to identify them, including:
Australian palaeontologist Tim Flannery's book Astonishing Animals includes one imaginary animal and leaves it up to the reader to distinguish which one it is.
The product catalogue for Swedish personal-use electronics and hobby articles retailer Teknikmagasinet contains a fictitious product. Finding that product is a contest, Blufftävlingen, in which the best suggestion for another fictitious product from someone who spotted the product gets included in the next issue.
Muse, a US magazine for children 10–14, regularly includes a two-page spread containing science and technology news. One of the news stories is false and readers are encouraged to guess which one.
Games (a magazine devoted to games and puzzles) used to include a fake advertisement in each issue as one of the magazine's regular games.
The book The Golden Turkey Awards describes many bizarre and obscure films. The authors of the work state that one film described by the book is a complete hoax, and they challenge readers to spot the made-up film; the imaginary film was Dog of Norway, which supposedly starred "Muki the Wonder Dog", named after the authors' own dog.  (A clue is that the same dog shown in a supposed publicity shot for the 1948 film, is also seen beside the authors in the "About The Authors" bio on the back cover.)

Fictitious entries in fiction
Fictitious entries are sometimes plot points in fiction, including:

 A Fred Saberhagen science fiction short story, "The Annihilation of Angkor Apeiron", in which an encyclopedia article for a star system is a fictitious entry included in the encyclopedia to detect plagiarism, which causes a Berserker ship to end up in an empty star system where it runs out of fuel and ceases to be a threat to humanity.
 Jorge Luis Borges's short story "Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius" tells of an encyclopedia entry on what turns out to be the imaginary country of Uqbar. This leads the narrator to the equally fantastic region of Tlön, the setting for much of the country's literature. Borges went on to invent the Celestial Emporium of Benevolent Knowledge, purportedly an ancient Chinese encyclopedia, two years later.
 The fictitious entry Agloe, New York, is a key plot point in John Green's 2008 novel Paper Towns and its film adaptation. Paper Towns also references the fictitious entry "Lillian Mountweazel" in the name of the Spiegelman family's dog, Myrna Mountweazel.
 In Eley Williams's novel The Liar's Dictionary (2020), the protagonist is tasked with hunting down several fictitious entries inserted in Swansby's New Encyclopaedic Dictionary before the work is digitized.
 In the Inside No. 9 episode "Misdirection", Mountweazel is used to prove the plagiarism of a magic trick.
 In the Doctor Who episode "Face the Raven", a hidden community lives in a London alley. Clara Oswald helps the Doctor start the search for that community by searching for any trap streets within the London city limits.

Legal action
Fictitious entries may be used to demonstrate copying, but to prove legal infringement, the material must also be shown to be eligible for copyright. However, due to the Feist v. Rural lawsuit, where the Supreme Court (USA) ruled that "information alone without a minimum of original creativity cannot be protected by copyright", there are very few cases where copyright has been proven and many are dismissed.

 Fred L. Worth, author of The Trivia Encyclopedia, filed a $300 million lawsuit against the distributors of Trivial Pursuit. He claimed that more than a quarter of the questions in the game's Genus Edition had been taken from his books, even his own fictitious entries that he had added to the books to catch anyone who wanted to violate his copyright. However, the case was thrown out by the district court judge as the Trivial Pursuit inventors argued that facts are not protected by copyright.
 In Nester's Map & Guide Corp. v. Hagstrom Map Co., a New York corporation which published and sold Official New York Taxi Driver's Guide sued Hagstrom Map Corporation for publishing and selling New York City Taxi & Limousine Drivers Guide, alleging violation of the Copyright Act of 1976. A United States Federal Court found that Nester's selection of addresses involved a sufficient level of creativity to be eligible for copyright and enjoined Hagstrom from copying that portion of the guide. However, the court also found that fictitious entries (in this case, a "trap street") are not themselves protected by copyright.
 In Alexandria Drafting Co. v. Andrew H. Amsterdam dba Franklin Maps, Alexandria Drafting Corporation filed suit against Franklin Maps alleging that Franklin Maps had violated the Copyright Act of 1976 by copying their map books. However, this case was dismissed although the judge cited that there was a single instance of original copyright, but this was not sufficient evidence to support copyright infringement. Additionally, the judge cited Nester's Map & Guide Corp. v. Hagstrom Map Co. as previous case law to support that "fictitious names may not be copyrighted" and "the existence, or non-existence, of a road is a non-copyrightable fact."
 In one particular case, in 2001 The Automobile Association in the United Kingdom agreed to settle a case for £20,000,000 when it was caught copying Ordnance Survey maps. However, in this copyright infringement case there was no instance of a deliberate copyright trap. Instead, the prosecution sued for specific stylistic choices, such as the width and style of the roads.

Simple errors
Often there will be errors in maps, dictionaries, and other publications, that are not deliberate and thus are not fictitious entries. For example, within dictionaries there are such mistakes known as ghost words, "words which have no real existence [...] being mere coinages due to the blunders of printers or scribes, or to the perfervid imaginations of ignorant or blundering editors."

See also
 Canary trap
 Digital watermarking
 False document
 Honeypot (computing)
 List of hoaxes
 Sting operation
 Lexicographic error

References

Further reading
 Michael Quinion: "Kelemenopy", World Wide Words (Accessed September 25, 2005)

External links
 The word: Copyright trap (New Scientist – requires subscription for full article)

False documents
Hoaxes
Deception
1970s neologisms
Copyright infringement
Plagiarism detectors


Yonkers, NY – Mayor Mike Spano and City Council President Liam McLaughlin joined Empire City Casino and Yonkers-native Pat Quinn for the third annual ALS Ice Bucket Challenge Saturday, August 5 at Empire City Casino. The free festivities, music and family-friendly entertainment attracted hundreds of participants simultaneously dumping ice-water over their heads.
Empire City Casino is donating the entire set-up and staffing, as well as nearly 1,300 pounds of ice for all of the participants' buckets, and will also provide entertainment, face painting, balloon artists, and giveaways to the first 500 attendees. The public is encouraged to pre-register online at YonkersNY.gov.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), often referred to as "Lou Gehrig's Disease," is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. ALS, a disease with no known cure, usually strikes people between the ages of 40 and 70. Approximately 20,000 Americans currently suffer from the disease. Pat Quinn, 34-years-old, was diagnosed with ALS in March 2013.
"I'm beyond grateful for the continued support from Mayor Mike Spano, City Council President Liam McLaughlin, and the entire City of Yonkers. I'm extremely proud to know Quinn for the Win and Yonkers continue to fight ALS together. We live by the mantra, 'Every August Until A Cure.' There is greater hope within the ALS community now than ever before because of the Ice Bucket Challenge, but we can't stop now. We still have no cure for ALS. Please join me August 5th at Empire City Casino to kick-off the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge in Yonkers. Not only will it be fun, you will be a part of something special," said Pat Quinn.
Proceeds from the event will be donated to Quinn for the Win which benefits Pat Quinn's care as well as not-for-profit ALS research organizations.


A brief summer gig in college in Edinburgh, Scotland. That city hosts its famous Festival Fringe every August, and a million people come to see comedy, theater, performance art, music and to drink. I worked in The Famous Spiegeltent, wore a stupid T-shirt, slung beers, worked late and went to the pub at 7 a.m. with my co-workers. It was a helluva good time.
What's different about Columbia Room's beverage program?
Without taking anything away from what we're doing in our three other bars—Paul Taylor, our bar manager at Southern Efficiency, is killing it!—we have the scope to invest more time, thought and development into each individual cocktail and every menu. We can serve a cocktail set in a mini Zen garden complete with sand and miniature rake at Columbia Room.
A good, sturdy punch bowl with a ladle and cups. For most of us, making individual cocktails at home is arduous — no mise en place, no dedicated bar area — so if you have people over, make a delicious punch instead. Then bottle and refrigerate the rest for yourself the next day. I had a ton of leftover batched Sherry Cobbler after my wedding, so I kept myself refreshed for a couple of weeks after.
I hope that it's sustainability without sacrificing flavor or creativity. And vermouth, everywhere and all the time! Pie-in-the-sky hope, perhaps, but I've never been happier in a bar than sipping vermut de grifo and eating salty things in Madrid.


text:
Q: mysql select multiple rows, multi and/or I am trying to select multiple rows from a mysql database based on the value of selected columns, I am new to php and sql so this might be something simple I just cannot seem to find anything that is similar to my situation. Here is the query I am running:
SELECT  COUNT(userid) AS numrows
FROM    orders
WHERE   (
        `dispatched` = 'no'
        AND `orderstatus` = 'Complete'
        AND `category` = 'tosort'
        )
        OR
        (`category` = 'new')

This counts all fields when it should only show around 10.
Thanks,
David

A: What's the error you get? Because looking at the code now, it seems okay.
You either want records that have "dispatched - no, orderstats - completer and category - tosrt" OR.. anything with 'category - new'.
Edit: Oh, longshot, maybe you need to replace { and } with ()

A: Don't use brackets, use parentheses.  This works for me:
select count(*) as numrows
from orders
where (dispatched = 'no' and orderstatus = 'Complete' and category = 'tosort')
   or category = 'new';

A: Thank you all very much for your quick replys, after playing around a bit more I managed to get this to work. Here it is if you anyone is reading this looking for the same answer:
SELECT COUNT(userid) AS numrows FROM orders WHERE (`dispatched` = 'no' AND `orderstatus` = 'Complete' AND `category` = 'tosort') OR (`dispatched` = 'no' AND `orderstatus` = 'Complete' AND `category` = 'new')

Thanks again!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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A charity has found that 42% of all donors from last year will donate again this year. A random sample of 300 donors from last year was taken. a. What is the standard error of the sample proportion who will donate again this year? b. What is the prob..
A charity solicits donations by telephone. It has been found that $1.49
A charity solicits donations by telephone. It has been found that 60% of all calls result in a refusal to donate; 30% result in a request for more information through the mail, with a promise to at least consider donating; and 10% generate an immedia..
A Chicago radio station believes that 40% of its listeners are $1.49
A Chicago radio station believes that 40% of its listeners are younger than 25 years of age. Six hundred listeners are chosen at random. a. If the station's belief is correct, what is the probability that more than 260 of these listeners are younger ..
A city is divided into 50 geographic subdivisions. An estimate was $1.49
A city is divided into 50 geographic subdivisions. An estimate was required of the proportion of households in the city interested in a new lawn-care service. A random sample of three subdivisions contained 611, 521, and 734 households, respectively...