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So far Shred-Tech-Admin has created 35 blog entries.
Shred-Tech® Proudly Introduces the STS Single Rotor Shredder
By Shred-Tech-Admin|2015-03-06T09:39:21+00:00April 23rd, 2014|
Shred-Tech Corporation is proud to introduce its new line of STS Single Rotor Shredders. Through a new partnership, Shred-Tech will be importing machine components from Chinese manufacturer Genox Corporation of Guangzhou. Assembly into shredders and recycling systems will be completed at Shred-Tech's manufacturing facilities in Cambridge, Ontario and Apex, North Carolina.
Shred-Tech's team of highly skilled […]
Shred-Tech Introduces the STS Line of Single Rotor Shredders
By Shred-Tech-Admin|2015-03-06T08:44:44+00:00February 25th, 2014|
Shred-Tech® Is Excited To Introduce The STS Lineup Of Stationary Single Rotor Screened Shredders – When shred Size Really, Really Matters!
CAMBRIDGE, ON, February 24th, 2014 //
The new STS line of single rotor shredders are now available in several sizes ranging from a 600 MM wide rotor up to 3,000 MM wide with numerous drive options […]
The MDX-2: Shred-Tech®'s Highest Security Shredding Truck
By Shred-Tech-Admin|2015-03-06T09:21:06+00:00January 28th, 2014|
CAMBRIDGE, ON, January 24, 2014 // Always innovating. Shred-Tech® is pleased to introduce the MDX-2 Ultra High Security shredding truck. The MDX-2 is Shred-Tech®'s latest innovation and advancement of the successful MDX-1.
The MDX-2 can produce DIN 4 sized particles with the press of a button. In regular shred mode the MDX-2's bulletproof ST-15H shredder will […]
Keeping Your Data Safe
By Shred-Tech-Admin|2015-03-06T08:58:39+00:00July 3rd, 2013|
Global Recycling Solutions Ltd., trading as Shred-Tech UK, are pleased to announce delivery of an MDX-1 High Security Shredder to DataSafe Storage, based in Newcastle upon Tyne.
DataSafe Storage has been established in the 'Information Management' business since 1991. They have been offering off-site secure confidential destruction from the beginning, but thought it was about time […]
Automated Shredding Adds First High-Security Vehicle
By Shred-Tech-Admin|2015-03-06T08:58:46+00:00February 8th, 2012|
North Carolina-Based Automated Shredding Adds First High-Security Micro Shredding Vehicle to Its Fleet
Carolinas based company to offer higher level of security with new mobile document shredding vehicle.
Charlotte, NC, February 08, 2012 -(PR.com)- Automated Shredding has recently added the first ultra-high security, micro-shredding vehicle to its mobile truck fleet in the Carolinas. This environmentally – friendly […]
PHS Datashred Invests for Growth
By Shred-Tech-Admin|2015-03-06T09:44:51+00:00February 3rd, 2012|
RECYCLING TODAY STAFF, SDB MAGAZINE
UK shredding firm plans to purchase new mobile shredders worth £1.2 million.
PHS Datashred, a U.K.-based document destruction firm, has announced plans to invest £1.2 million (US$1.9 million) in new shredding equipment to improve its service to its growing customer base.
According to the company, the investments will include new machinery at the […]
Automated Shredding Adds Shred-Tech Truck to Fleet
SDB MAGAZINE
Automated Shredding, based in Charlotte, N.C., has added a new mobile shredding truck to its fleet. According to Automated, the new vehicle is the industry's first ultra-high security, micro-shredding unit. The patent-pending MDX-1, designed and manufactured by Shred-Tech, offers two shredding modes.
According to Shred-Tech, the MDX-1 can switch between standard and high-security modes at […]
Privacy Commissioner Secures Abandoned Medical Records RSRS
HEATHER CLEMENCEAU, RSRS
Rural Doctor's Lack of Proper Care is Met With Swift Response to Protect Patients
TORONTO, ONTARIO, Jan 13, 2012 (MARKETWIRE via COMTEX) — January 13, 2012: Ontario's Information and Privacy Commissioner Dr. Ann Cavoukian, has once again asserted her commitment to the protection and security of confidential medical information after hundreds of personal medical […]
Great White Destruction Purchases MDS-18GT
Great White Destruction has started to swim in Irish waters!
Great White Destruction has moved into their new facility in Trim, Co Meath and are now able to offer an on-site shredding service. This will augment their off-site shredding service and position the company right at the top of the Irish shredding industry.
To assist their business, […]
Cyclone Purchases A Shred-Tech MDS-18GT
Cyclone offers convenient and economical on-site and off-site document destruction throughout Ireland, using Shred-Tech Mobile and Static Document Shredders.
They are committed to the security of their customer's documents, and have recently invested in this commitment, with the purchase of a new Shred-Tech MDS-18GT Mobile Document Shredder.
The MDS-18GT has the Shred-Tech patented tunnel lift system, which […]
The Heico Companies, LLC. Acquires Shred-Tech Corporation
Restore Datashred Shredding Company Announces a New Truck On The Block
Shred-Tech Welcomes Camec in New Partnership
Congratulations Shred-Tech on 40 Years of Excellence!
How2Media announces that Shred-Tech Corporation will be part of its "World's Greatest!…" series
Paper Shredding Services Testimonial
The 18 Most Interesting Companies At Pack Expo Las Vegas – Interview with Martin Woodhouse
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Omniphobic Easy Clean Coating is an innovative sol-gel material, synthesizing the nano-brush structure of the water-based omniphobic nanoparticles that can be applied directly to glass, iron, wood, stone, and water-based paint surfaces. This new material overcomes potential issues of compatibility and stability of hydrophobic materials, and enables resistance of the coating to water, dust, abrasion and other weather factors. In the future, it is expected to have a broad range of applications, from coatings on outdoor facilities and equipment to coastal buildings and houses that are difficult to clean and maintain.
Copyright © 2014 Industrial Technology Research Institute.


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Saigon Tours
Vietnam Guides
Saigon Guide
Nha Trang Guide
Dalat Guide
Hoi An & Danang Guide
Hue Guide
Hanoi Guide
Halong Bay Guide
Sapa Guide
Vietnam's central coast is fast becoming one of Southeast Asia's most popular tourism destinations. With attractions ranging from ancient UNESCO World Heritage-listed landmarks to international golf courses, endless stretches of white sandy beach and lush jungle-clad mountains, this diverse region has something to suit all types of travelers.
The region's tropical climate and long coastline make it an ideal seaside resort destination. The beaches are generally wide, flat and lapped by warm gentle seas, making them suitable for both swimming and beach sports and ideal for families.
Of course, Vietnamese cuisine is becoming famous across the world for its fresh ingredients and rich flavors. And Central Vietnam adds a unique twist to the country's culinary artistry. The region's long coastline offers abundant local seafood, and the multiple street food stalls and local eateries are now complemented by international restaurants and fine-dining establishments.
The charming sea-farming town of Hoi An is one of Vietnam's most picturesque settlements. Its position as a trading port led to Hoi An being visited and influenced by many different cultures, including Chinese, Japanese, French and Indian merchants. All of which have contributed to Hoi An becoming a melting pot of architectural styles.
This eclectic development has led to Hoi An being inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list, and the ancient town is now a rewarding destination for tourists. Structures like the Japanese Bridge showcase elaborate building techniques and reflect the city's former prosperity. But Hoi An's modern day wealth derives from the burgeoning tourism trade, and its picturesque waterfront area is now lined with cool bars and trendy boutiques.
Behind this contemporary facade, the appeal of Hoi An's old town is still its multicultural legacy. Japanese merchant houses, Chinese temples and ancient tea warehouses line the streets, and outside the town a leisurely bike ride allows guests to explore the area's verdant rice paddies - the classical symbol of Vietnam.
The biggest city on Vietnam's central coast, Danang is a regional hub for trade and tourism and the main gateway to the region. With a history dating back almost 2,000 years to the ancient Cham Kingdom, Danang has a rich heritage - a fact demonstrated by the array of ancient ruins and UNESCO-listed landmarks in the area.
Arguably the most famous of these is My Son - an archaeological site nestled in a remote forested valley, some 70km west of Danang. This was the former capital and religious center of the Cham Kingdom and features numerous temples and stupas.
Today, Danang has grown into a major coastal port and a vibrant tourism destination. The city's long coastline is blessed with several stunning stretches of white sand, including My Khe Beach, Non Nuoc Beach and Bac My An Beach.
The city is also home to several excellent attractions, including the Cham Museum which details the area's ancient civilization, Danang Cathedral and the Linh Ung Pagoda. Perched on the Son Tra Peninsula, this pagoda is home to the Lady Buddha Statue, which looks out over the glistening sea.
Whether you are traveling for a beach holiday, a city break or a journey of cultural exploration, Danang has everything a visitor could want, and all wrapped in a warm, tropical climate.
THINGS TO DO IN HOI AN & DANANG
Visit the local market and learn some tips for bargaining while buying ingredients for your cooking class. You will learn to cook Vietnamese food just like the locals and then enjoy the food you have cooked. A must do!
Take a bike or a taxi to one of the local beaches to chill-out with a beer or 2 and have some local food at one of the restaurants. Soul Kitchen on An Bang beach offer's day beds, western food and live music on a Sunday too.
My Son Sanctuary
My son was built by the Cham Kingdom and was considered as a sanctuary for them. Parts of it can be dated back to the 4th century and although partially in ruins it is still well worth checking out. It is approximately 40 km from Hoi An.
Linh Ung Pagoda & Lady Buddha
Linh Ung Pagoda is the largest in Da Nang in terms of scale and artistic architecture. The pagoda is famous for its beautiful 67 meter tall Goddess of Mercy statue standing on a lotus-shaped platform which is visible from all around Da Nang.
MARBLE MOUNTAIN's
Marble mountains are a cluster of five hills named after the elements metal, wood, water, fire and earth. Made from limestone and marble, they are a well-known tourist site with peaks, caves, tunnels and temples all just waiting to be discovered.
Son Tra Mountain
Son Tra (Monkey) Mountain is a breath-taking national park in Da Nang that stands 693 metres above sea level. It's a 35-minute drive from Da Nang, making it a popular retreat amongst locals and travellers looking to escape the heat and busy traffic of the city.
Explore the beauty of Cham island from above and below! Cham island has amazing beaches and beautiful blue sea. Tour packages are available including snorkeling, diving or chilling...
MOTORBIKE TOURS
Motorbike tours in and around the Hoi An and Da nang area are a great way to.
Travel how the locals do and get yourself around on 2 wheels whilst taking in the sights & smells of Vietnam.
Discover rice fields, visit local boat
builders, cross floating bridges. Meet a local family who will welcome you to share a meal and learn about local customs and traditions of Vietnam.
Tailor's in Hoi An
Hoi an is world famous for tailor made clothes, boasting over 600 shops in this small town. Price & quality is at the highest level as there is so much competition. Any item you can think of they can make it. Whether it be suits, dresses, shorts or shoes they really can
produce it all at an amazing price. Definitely one of the top things to do whilst in Hoi an.
The Hideout Hostel Saigon
Address - 175/11 Pham Ngu Lao, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Tel - (+84) 02838367019
Email - saigon@hideouthostels.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Reposted in full from Online Opinion, 20 May 2011
'Victoria now has a Minister for Food Security – part of the portfolio of Nationals MP Peter Walsh – and the Federal coalition too has rebranded its shadow minister Minister for Agriculture and Food Security. The conservative side of Australian politics thinks there's something compelling and politically useful in this notion of food security, and I'm sure they are right. It is a notion that over the last 3 years has burst into the Australian media landscape like the powdery mildew on Mildura's grape crops last summer. "Food security" was mentioned in a total of 177 articles in The Age, The Herald Sun and The Weekly Times in 2010 – a new record topping the 111 articles in 2009 and the 127 in 2008, and a nine-fold increase on the average of 19 articles per year for the 10 years up to 2007.
Whence this new interest in the security of our food supply? There is no doubt that Australians share with others around the world a heightened awareness of the constraints facing world food production: limited resources of land, water, energy and nutrients; growing demand due to growing population and dietary changes; competition over production resources between food crops and agri-fuel crops, and looming over it all the challenges of maintaining production levels under a changing climate. While writers such as Australia's Julian Cribb have been sowing the seeds many years, it was the world food crisis of 2008, during which the prices of major food commodities trebled and "food riots" occurred in some thirty countries which appears to have fertilised the public conversation.
But what does food security mean in Australia? Presumably its about the food on our plates and on our supermarket shelves - it's is about having enough food. The definition adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations is "food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life." So why is food security being added to the agriculture portfolio? Wouldn't it be better added to public health – which is concerned with our nutrition, or industry and trade, or perhaps consumer affairs? In India, China or sub-Saharan Africa where upwards of half the population eat mostly the food they grow themselves food security is clearly very closely linked to the productivity achieved on farms. But in Australia?
According to the DAFF's Australian Food Statistics, currently around 80% of the food that Australians eat comes from Australian farms, but that's an artefact of history not current policy, and has declined from closer to 90% ten years ago. There's currently no policy at State or Federal level that links our food supply to domestic food production, in fact quite the opposite. Our policy since the mid-1970's is that agriculture, like other industries, should operate in a competitive global market where producers sell to the highest bidder wherever they are, and buyers are free to buy the cheapest produce, wherever it comes from. Farmers are to make production decisions on the basis not of food needs in Australia or anywhere else, but on the basis of price signals.
Why are our supermarkets full of Chinese garlic (and why since 2007 have we been importing a greater value of fruit and vegetables then we have been exporting)?. Why does Australian farmland get converted into suburbs or mines, or sold to overseas investors? Why during the recent drought was irrigation water in northern Victoria sold by dairy farmers to wine and almond growers? Because the market has been working its magic, directing resources to the most economically efficient and profitable uses, delivering cheaper food for consumers along the way.
Our policy position is clear – we look to the market, and not to Australian farmers, for our food security. It's a policy that has much to commend it. If we get a greater economic return on labour from mining than from picking apples, and if China can grow apples at lower cost than what we can, then it's a good deal. We sell them our coal and buy their apples and everyone (except our orchardists) is better off. As long as we are cashed up (as a nation and as individuals), and as long as there is food to buy, our supermarket shelves and our plates will be full. It's bitter fruit for some farmers and their communities who find themselves competed out of a livelihood, but that's life in the global marketplace.
But what if there isn't food to buy? Remember the global food crisis of 2008, which was more or less repeated in 2010-11. The first response to rocketing food prices by some food exporting countries was to ban food exports – World Trade Organisation rules be damned. If we look at the world food situation there is real cause for concern. Food production is critically dependent on fossil fuel energy and non-renewable phosphate rock – supply of both of which is close to or at its peak. Water resources are in decline in many of the world's food bowls (including our own Murray-Darling Basin), and investment in, and productivity dividends from, agricultural technology R&D are also in decline. Markets are good at many things – but foreseeing major surprises down the track is not one of them.
Facing such an array of destabilising influences I wonder if it is wise to put all our trust in global markets. If I was Minister for Food Security I'd be thinking about a more diversified policy portfolio that hedges risks. Let's think about local food systems as well as global ones. Let's think about production systems that are less dependent on diminishing input supplies, and let's think about the value of maintaining a critical mass of skilled farmers who feel valued for producing high-quality food for Australians as well as for export income.'
Labels: consumption, food, peakoil, population


The Village requires all garbage, recycling and yard waste containers be stored on the side or back of the home. Containers should not be stored anywhere in front of the home. Containers should not placed at the curb before 6pm on the night prior to pickup and should be put away as soon after pickup as possible.
NuWay Customer Service - (708) 798-1004.
Household garbage is picked up weekly on your regular day.
Each home in the Village has received, at no extra cost, a light green 95-gallon garbage cart which is on wheels and has a lid to prevent garbage from blowing out.
Additional carts are also available to rent.
Garbage may also be placed in garbage bags or your own 35-gallon cans (up to 3 per week) as long as each weighs no more than 50 pounds each.
Yard waste season is April 1 – November 30 each year.
Grass clippings, leaves, branches, etc. are considered yard waste (no dirt or rock).
Based on an Illinois State Law, yard waste must NOT be mixed with your garbage.
Yard waste can be placed in brown paper yard waste bags.
Yard waste can also be placed in your own 32-gallon cans. A red "yard waste only" sticker must be attached to any can you are using for yard waste so that the driver can identify them properly. Yard waste only stickers are available at Village Hall.
Large (95 gallon) yard waste carts on wheels are also available. The 1st yard waste cart is included with your service, additional carts are available to rent.
Branch Pickup: Branches should be cut into 3 – 4 foot lengths and be no wider than 6 inches in diameter. Branches can be placed in the yard waste bag or put in reasonable sized bundles tied with twine or string.
The yard waste service will likewise facilitate the recycling of leaves, grass, and other yard waste into beneficial compost. It should also encourage residents not to burn leaves and other yard waste, thereby improving Homer Glen's air quality.
Branches should be cut into length of 4 ft. or less.
Each branch no more than 6 inches in diameter.
Branches should be bundled and tied with string/twine.
Each bundle must weigh no more than 50 pounds.
Recyclables are picked up every week on your regular pickup day.
Each home in the Village has been provided with a dark green, 95 gallon recycle cart. This cart should be used for recyclables only; no garbage or yard waste.
Click here to download a Senior Rate application.
The Village has negotiated a favorable rate for Homer Glen residents for roll-off containers when residents have large quantities of refuse or material from construction and remodeling projects. However, residents who require such refuse service may contract with the waste hauler of their choice.


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Author Spotlight - Richard Dee
1) To start with, could you introduce yourself and tell us a bit about your book?
Hi, I'm Richard Dee, I live in Brixham, Devon and I write Science Fiction and Steampunk adventures, as well as chronicling the exploits of my amateur detective Andorra Pett. I have published seven novels and two collections of short stories. I also have a story in an alternative history collection called 1066 Turned Upside Down. I'm retired from a forty year career at sea. I spent the last twenty years as a Thames Pilot, taking ships of all sizes up and down the river, through the Thames Barrier and Tower Bridge. Happy days (except at three am on a February morning, when you're climbing a rope ladder and the cold rain is running down the back of your neck).
2) Would you mind sharing an excerpt with us, or a favourite quote?
Here's the start of Andorra Pett and the Oort Cloud Café, my current project Andorra Pett on Mars, is the sequel. More about that later.
The entrance was in partial darkness, the alleyway behind me dimly lit with flickering tubes. My heels had clicked on the floor as I passed small piles of rubbish and stained brick-effect cladding. The heels didn't really work here but I was out of my depth and struggling to catch up. Same as the clothes, my designer suit was a little out of place in this riot of grey. It was a splash of colour in a drab working world.
"People don't come down here much," explained my guide, the rental agent for the place I wanted to see. I'd forgotten his name and instead thought of him as Mr Greasy. It suited him, his hair was greasy, as were his clothes; even his smile was up there on the grease-o-meter. He probably thought of himself as a ladies man, I know we were out on the fringes but surely not? Maybe a desperate ladies man but I wasn't desperate. At least, not that desperate. Not yet.
Mr Greasy was still talking. "No-one comes down here much since the new diner opened up."
I knew where he meant; we had passed it on the way here, next to a pharmacy and a few other shops. The diner looked new, all gleaming chrome and fresh-baked aroma. The barista was archetypal, white teeth and blonde hair, a role model for Mr G. Maybe someone would tell him.
He opened the control box and pressed a few buttons on a keypad. The steel security curtain rolled up to reveal a wide window and a door at the side. Faded lettering proclaimed that this was the 'ucky Strike Bar and Grill'. The 'L' had fallen off; there was the faint outline of where it had been. As the mesh rose, dust fell from the links; the place must have been shut for a while.
"What happened to the last owner?"
"There was a change in the law, no booze allowed any more. It kind of stopped him in his tracks. He gave up and walked away, owes me a month's rent too," said Mr G as he opened the door, this one had a combination lock. He flicked the light switch; dim red lighting came on, just enough to see tables, chairs and a bar. Everything was covered in dust, there were dirty glasses on the tables and the overhead video screens were blank and cobwebbed. That meant spiders, space spiders! I shuddered, I don't like spiders.
"The kitchen is out back, together with stores and living space," continued the sales patter, "a nice master bedroom, en suite." He leered, "Plenty of room for a little lady like yourself. I'll show you."
"Take your word for it," I answered, not wanting to be in a confined space with him; his breath was probably greasy and, well, I didn't want to know about his hands. "Are the fittings and stock all included?"
"All the alcohol's been impounded but everything that's here is yours for two hundred a month, one month up front." I had a sudden feeling, like this place was where I was meant to be.
"I'll take it." OK, so it wasn't ideal but to be honest, I was fed up with running. I'd ignored my feelings before and look where that had got me. I might even grow to like the place. Besides, there wasn't anywhere further to run. We were on the edge of civilisation.
"What you gonna do with it? You can't open it as a bar and we've already got a diner." It was a fair question, I didn't really know but I wasn't going to tell him that.
He moved closer. "Let's seal the deal then," he suggested, with a wink.
One of the advantages of being a short shrimp, as my mother used to say, was that you didn't have to reach down too far to do a man serious damage. I was just contemplating that when he was saved by the arrival of Cy, my friend and business partner, dragging a trolley full of luggage.
"You lost me, Andi," he puffed. "It's bloody dark down here, is this it?"
Greasy backed off; Cy was larger and less greasy than him. He didn't know but Cy had no interest in me in that sort of way. Dave was the love of his life, he had left him to look after me, and that made me feel alternately good and bad, they had seemed as happy together as Trevor and I had.
"He'll wait," Cy had explained on the trip out. "And if he doesn't then I can cry into my cappuccino for a while and move on."
"Pay the man, Cy." I had decided. "Four hundred and let's get the gingham bunting out."
Greasy shook his head. "Gingham! What the hell are you going to do to the place?"
"Maybe the diner needs a little competition," I ventured; this brought a smirk and a shake of the head.
"Mr Munro won't like it."
"Mr Munro can lump it. Shall I tell him or will you?"
He was saved from having to answer by the sight of the money in Cy's hand. He took the notes, counted them and walked away, chuckling in a greasy sort of way. "I'll give you a month," he shouted over his shoulder. I thought that wasn't too much of an endorsement, considering I'd paid for a month. Or maybe that was what he meant.
"You're not serious are you?" said Cy as I walked around the tables to the far wall. "We can't run a café."
I stopped and turned back to him.
"Why not, Cy? It's perfect; remember what that bloke said on the shuttle. There's only one other place selling leisure here, all we have to do is pretend it's the shop in London, just coffee and cake instead of clothes."
"Can you bake cakes, Andi?" He had a point; he'd tried my sandwiches once. He reckoned that I wouldn't be able to do toast without a recipe and a video. I'd show him.
"Yes," I said with confidence, and then I thought about it, "No… sort of; how hard can it be?" My mum had taught me and she'd never killed anyone.
I turned back and continued to the end wall. I had thought the place was dark, I was about to find out if I could make it lighter.
I had spotted the control for the picture windows all along one wall, reaching over the stained bench seats I grabbed it and turned it. The switch was sticky and resisted but in the end it rotated and with a whir the view was revealed as the shutters went up.
Saturn's rings in all their glory filled the room with reflected light, the space opened out and the room became more than just a derelict and unloved bar. Even an 'ucky' one.
This was now my café, and I was going to make it work. I'd even thought of a name. And Cy was going to help me.
"Welcome to the Oort Cloud Café, Cy."
He shook his head. "I just hope you know what you're doing."
3) What inspired you to write this story?
Andorra Pett and the Oort Cloud Café was inspired by an idea for a short story that I had. I wanted to write about people mining the rings of Saturn. At the same time, I thought it would be good to try and write a female character, having three daughters had given me a wealth of material. I saw that there were a lot of stories about women who, for various reasons, had gone somewhere and changed their lives, it seemed logical to combine the two, with the sci-fi twist. So Andorra went to a space mine and opened a café. Throw in a mystery for her to solve and there you are. A fish out of water, reluctant amateur detective series was born. The sequel (Andorra Pett on Mars) is almost ready to publish and I have two further instalments (Andorra Pett and her Sister and Andorra Pett takes a Break) in development.
4) What are you working on now?
As well as Andorra, I have sequels, prequels and spin-offs to my other series in progress. Mostly at the request of readers, who always seem to want more explanation, more backstory or just more adventures. I'm also trying to start some new projects, when I find the time.
5) What draws you to your genre? Have you always been drawn to it?
I've always loved Sci-fi, I graduated to it from the Famous Five, via C.S. Lewis, as I learned to read. I loved the idea of escaping to another place, whether it's on Earth or a different planet. After a while, I wondered if I could invent my own worlds and adventures, rather than just reading and imagining from what somebody else had written.
I'm not a huge fan of the over-technical, or of science for the sake of it. I like to keep my stories accessible to readers who might not be huge sci-fi fans. Basically, they're tales of love, loss and redemption, just set in another place or time, the science is there to give realism and advance the plot, always grounded in a basis of fact.
And my Steampunk world of Norlandia is based on the Victorian era, with steam and clockwork replacing oil and electricity. Once you start researching, you realise that so much of what we have today is possible without them. It would be different; who's to say it couldn't be just as good?
6) When and how did you start writing seriously?
I wrote a short story in 1979 and made it into a novel in 2012. Life sort of got in the way there. But now I've started, it gets easier and quicker every time. I published four novels in 2017, writing over 500,000 words in the process.
7) Who/what is your writing inspiration?
That would have to be Isaac Asimov. He was so prolific and could describe a universe in three sentences. You have to remember that he wrote the first parts of the Foundation series, one of my all-time favourites, in the late 1930's, it was a visionary masterpiece. As was the work of Arthur C. Clarke, who imagined the future and then lived to see many of his ideas made real.
8) What do you do if inspiration just won't come?
Change projects, I've usually got several on the go at once, if I'm struggling with one, I may have more inspiration with another. But I have to be careful not to mix up my characters and put them in the wrong stories. It confuses me, and them.
9) Which part of the writing process is your favourite, and which part do you dread?
I love getting an idea and starting to put it down. It's as if I'm watching a film, I just write what I see. I can slow it down and rewind to see it again but I can't fast forward. As I never know how the story will develop, I dread coming to a point where I know that nothing more is possible and I'll never know what the ending was.
10) What is your number one distraction?
Apart from food? anything really. I can get distracted for hours on Facebook or even by looking out of the window. Unless I'm in the zone, then you could do just about anything and I wouldn't notice. Whatever happened would probably just find its way into the story.
11) Are you a plotter or a pantster?
Pantster every time, as I said, I never know the end until it happens. And I'm frequently surprised at some of the things my characters get up to. As I don't touch type I will sometimes glance up at the screen and wonder where it came from, why they did what they did.
12) Tea or coffee
Black coffee and lots of it, it used to keep me awake on long night shifts and I got addicted.
13) What are the most important three things you've learned about writing, editing or publishing (or all of the above!) since you started your journey?
You can't edit your own work, get some expert help.
Your cover is probably the most important thing; the first bite is always with the eye.
It's a big market, you need to shout, but always be polite and respectful.
14) What's your favourite quote on writing?
"If you wrote something for which someone sent you a check, if you cashed the check and it didn't bounce, and if you then paid the light bill with the money, I consider you talented." Stephen King said that and it works for me.
15) What is the best piece of advice you've received?
Write, just get the words down, you can always edit them later. Until you've written them, you don't have a novel, just an idea.
16) Where can we connect with you?
My website is www.richarddeescifi.co.uk, there are lots of freebies, extracts from all my work and a new post about writing, either mine or someone else's, every week.
I'm on Facebook RichardDeeAuthor
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InterviewsShona Kinsella March 6, 2018 author spotlight, sci-fi, fiction, writing, interviewComment
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Teach for Afghanistan relies heavily on the generosity of people like you to help provide a low cost education for children who live in abject poverty in Afghanistan, many families we serve struggle to feed their children and are not in a position to pay the fees required to attend public schools. Therefore, our primary vehicle for providing a low cost education is the teacher sponsorship program.
We believe sponsoring a teacher is the most important and effective way of keeping poverty stricken children in school for two reasons. First, it enables parents who do not have the means to obtain an education for their children to do so. Secondly, instead of trying to find individual sponsors for 1000 children, all we need to do is to fund the salaries of 10 teachers. These teachers will in turn address the educational, mental, physical and spiritual needs of the children. It might be encouraging for you to know that the parents of these children are not left out in the development process of their own children. They just need a hand up and not a hand out from you. The parents have the responsibility for the provision of uniforms, shoes, books and other school supplies. All we are kindly asking of you is to help take care of the financial challenge they are unable to meet at this present moment.
When you sponsor a teacher today, you will be making a significant difference in the lives of people whom you may never meet. We see this as a true testimony of faith as you are reaching out to your global neighbors to reflect the light of humanity by showing love and support for Teachers in Afghanistan. Through your generosity, we are improving the lives of over 1,000 students, 10 teachers and staff members in our various schools across the country.
The Ministry of Education Department of Human Resources published a teacher pay scale based on teaching qualifications for public schools in Afghanistan.


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Home Celebs Hollywood Leonardo DiCaprio Height, Weight, Age and Full Body Measurement
Leonardo DiCaprio Height, Weight, Age and Full Body Measurement
Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio was given birth to in the year 1974 November 11th and has been involved with acting and movie producing. The American actor started his acting career from TV commercials before moving on to feature on television series such as "Santa Barbara and Growing Pains" during the 90's.
He made his official movie debut in the movie titled "Critters 3" and then went on to feature alongside legendary actor "Robert De Niro" in the 1993 movie titled "This Boy's Life". His performance in the drama "What's Eating Gilbert Grape" in the year 1993 earned him praises and he became a popular figure in the entertainment industry after playing lead roles in the 1995 and 1996 movie (The Basketball Diaries and Romeo + Juliet).
Leonardo became a world figure in movies after playing the lead role in James Cameron romantic movie "Titanic".
The movie became the height of his acting career and apart from becoming the highest grossing film, it also presented him with the opportunity of winning his first ever "Drama Golden Globe Award". Ever since the turn of the new millennium (2000), he has featured in several movies and have been applauded and credited for his ability to play different roles regarding the genre of the movie he is to perform.
His performance on high profile movies such as; Catch me if you can, Blood Diamond, The Man in the Iron Mask, The Departed, Revolutionary Road, Django Unchained, Gangs of New York, Inception and many others, has seen the actor become one of the most sort after Hollywood actors.
Interesting Read – All About Kendall Jenner
He won the Golden Globe Awards for Best Actor in a Drama and Best Actor in a musical or Comedy after his exquisite performance in the movies "The Aviator" as "Howard Hughes" in the year 2004 and also in the 2013 movie titled "The Wolf of wall street" as Jordan Belfort. Aside from his acting career, he is also a person who is after the wellbeing of his environment and as owns a production company known as "Appian Way Productions".
Leonardo DiCaprio Age and Nationality
Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio
Leo, Lenny D
1974 November 11th
Los Angeles, California (United States)
Check This Out – How Tall is Natalie Portman
How Tall is Leonardo DiCaprio – Leonardo DiCaprio Height, Weight, Age and Full Body Measurement
Chest – 42 inches
Arms – 14 inches
Waist – 36 inches
Shoe Measurement
12 (US)
Seeds Elementary School
Los Angeles Centre for Enriched Studies
George Paul DiCaprio (Father)
Irmelin nee Indenbirken (Mother)
Actor and film producer
Kelly Rohrbach (Dating. 2015)
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MUTEK, piknic electronik and the SAT are happy of join forces to present a sleepless night unlike any other. From February 28 to 29, Akufen, Deadbeat and Steve Beaupre (Crackhaus), Mike Shannon (returning after 5 months in Chile), Guillaume Coutu-Dumont and Julien Roy (EGG), The Mole, Vincent Lemieux and Soundshaper will be brought together to create an electronic magma of music where musicians and DJs will collaborate and improvise live, boring a tunnel in the cold winter night until the small hours of the morning (and even beyond).
The MUTEK team is pleased to share the successes of its recent efforts in Latin America. Indeed, in December more than 13,000 people enjoyed the MUTEK tour in 3 Mexican cities, and very recently the Festival held its 1st edition in Chile. These two experiments allowed the Montreal artists to develop various affinities and complicities that they will exhibit with pleasure during this NUIT ELECTRONIK, registered within the framework of the Montreal High Lights Festival.
Sharpen your shoes and prepare to move and especially to vibrate to the rates/rhythms of the best electronic music Montreal has to offer. As an anthem to spring, celebrate with us in this leap year.


text:
Q: LNK1104 cannot open file 'libfftw3-3.lib' I am quite fresh in coding C code, trying to use FFTW from the well-known website http://www.fftw.org/ in my Visual Studio 2019.
I followed the tutorial (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=geYbCA137PU), but an error appeared: LNK1104 cannot open file 'libfftw3-3.lib'
How should I solve the problem? I have googled it, but looks like most of the solution not quite suitable to mine. Almost the last step! Please!
#include <iostream>
#include <fftw3.h>
using namespace std;

//macros for real and imaginary parts
#define REAL 0
#define IMAG 1
//length of complex array
#define N 8

/*Computes the 1-D fast Fourier transform*/
void fft(fftw_complex* in, fftw_complex* out)
{
    // creat a DFT plan
    fftw_plan plan = fftw_plan_dft_1d(N, in, out, FFTW_FORWARD, FFTW_ESTIMATE);
    // execute the plan
    fftw_execute(plan);
    // do some cleaning
    fftw_destroy_plan(plan);
    fftw_cleanup();
}

/*Computes the 1-D inverse fast Fourier transform*/
void ifft(fftw_complex* in, fftw_complex* out)
{
    // creat a IDFT plan
    fftw_plan plan = fftw_plan_dft_1d(N, in, out, FFTW_BACKWARD, FFTW_ESTIMATE);
    // execute the plan
    fftw_execute(plan);
    // do some cleaning
    fftw_destroy_plan(plan);
    fftw_cleanup();
    // scale the output to obtain the exact inverse
    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
        out[i][REAL] /= N;
        out[i][IMAG] /= N;
    }
}

/*Display complex numbers in the form a +/- bi. */
void displayComplex(fftw_complex* y)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
        if (y[i][IMAG] < 0)
            cout << y[i][REAL] << " - " << abs(y[i][IMAG]) << "i" << endl;
        else
            cout << y[i][REAL] << " + " << y[i][IMAG] << "i" << endl;

}

/*Display real part of complex number*/
void displayReal(fftw_complex* y)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
        cout << y[i][REAL] << endl;

}

/* Test */
int main()
{
    // input array
    fftw_complex x[N];
    // output array
    fftw_complex y[N];
    // fill the first of some numbers
    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
        x[i][REAL] = i + 1;  // i.e.{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8}
        x[i][IMAG] = 0;
    }
    // compute the FFT of x and store the result in y.
    fft(x, y);
    // display the result
    cout << "FFT =" << endl;
    displayComplex(y);
    // compute the IFFT of x and store the result in y.
    ifft(y, x);
    // display the result
    cout << "\nIFFT =" << endl;
    displayReal(x);
}

A: @HAL9000 Thanks for your remind, I found out that I have converted the wrong name of .def so I generated a "libfftw3-3l.lib". That's why it couldn't open the file, it has been solved now!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Flight Simulator 2017 FlyWings Free: 5 Tips and Tricks To Fly Like a Pro
in Tips & Tricks
All the Flight Simulation games that are developed these days are very realistic but most of them are not available for free. Only Thetis Games and Flight Simulators have developed FlyWings series from 2016 that is equally realistic and most of the features in the game are available to play for free. Initially, you would be taught the basic skills on Cessna, but as you gradually get more flying hours many aircraft open up for you to fly. Amongst which Bombardier Learjet and Airbus A320 are available for free. They are difficult to control and fly if you won't follow the five tips and tricks mentioned below.
1 Always Keep the Header Indicator in Check
When though you know how to fly, you won't go anywhere unless you have the proper knowledge about the direction. Once you take-off from the runway, you have to follow the route as prescribed in the header indicator. The head of the aircraft on the indicator tells us the direction in which we are heading. You can also click on the indicator to know the approximate time and distance left to cover our destination. This trick helps us to decide when to descend our aircraft as it slowly approaches the runway.
2 Calibration
It may happen that sometimes you tilt your device to such an angle where it might go out of your control. Under such circumstances, it is necessary to calibrate the controls again with respect to your playing position. To do this, click on the Header Indicator and there you will find the calibration option. Once you calibrate the aircraft under your control, just tap on the screen and everything will get back to normal.
3 How to use AutoPilot Effectively?
Sometimes you may choose a route which might take over an hour to complete the journey. In such cases, the AutoPilot option will very helpful. After take-off, it is very important to stay in the given direction as shown in the header indicator. Stay on the fixed altitude and click on the autopilot option. Remember, do not press the ON button immediately. Set IAS setting to 400, vertical speed to 200, direction degrees as shown in header indicator and altitude as seen on the display screen. After giving these inputs press the ON icon. This option will keep your flight moving for hours until you disable it to take back the controls manually. It is important to turn Auto-Pilot option off when the runway approaches for landing.
4 Know How to Use The Flaps
Flaps are located on the trailing edge of each wing. They extend upwards as well as downwards. The aim of the flaps is to generate more lift at a slower speed. While take-off, extend the flaps to 15 to have a smooth lift experience. However, when flaps are extended fully to 30 during landing, they reduce the speed of aircraft. Flaps are very useful as they save a lot of fuel when power generated from the engine is utilized for sudden speed reduction.
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Flight Simulator 2017 FlyWings Free is available to download on both Google Play Store and iOS App Store.
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text:
Home Rhode Island News Rhode Island to enhance civics education to solve claim– Boston News, Weather Condition, Sports
Rhode Island to enhance civics education to solve claim– Boston News, Weather Condition, Sports
RI News Jul 30, 2022 comments off
PROVIDENCE, R.I. (WHDH) – Rhode Island will enhance the method trainees are taught to take part in the political procedure in order to solve a federal claim over whether public school trainees have a constitutional right to a civics education, the state's education department revealed Friday.
The department stated both sides in the match have actually pertained to a contract on how to reinforce Rhode Island's civics education. The complainants' lead counsel, Michael Rebell, had actually been preparing to ask the U.S. Supreme Court to examine the case– Friday was the due date to do so.
Rebell stated they're confident that civics education will be considerably enhanced in Rhode Island and it will act as a design for other states.
" Particularly in these challenging political times that we're residing in, civics education is more crucial than ever," he stated. "And if this gets more attention on what schools can do, how they have a vital function in keeping our democracy, then all our efforts would have deserved it."
Legal Representatives for Rhode Island public school trainees and moms and dads took legal action against the guv and education authorities in federal court in 2018 They argued that the state wasn't preparing youths to totally take part in civic life and asked the federal court to verify the constitutional right of all public school trainees to a civics education.
U.S. District Judge William Smith in Providence dismissed the claim, ruling that while it is plainly preferable, and even vital, for residents to comprehend their civic duties, it's not something the U.S. Constitution ponders or mandates.
However he cautioned of a "democracy in hazard" and applauded the trainees for bringing the case, which he stated "highlights a deep defect in our nationwide education top priorities and policies."
The complainants asked the first U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Boston to reverse that judgment. They argued that a judicial statement of a constitutional right to a sufficient civics education was urgently required, because of the occasions of Jan. 6, 2021 at the U.S. Capitol that were performed by "a mob inspired by an essential misconception of the congressional function in counting electoral votes."
The accuseds informed the appellate court that binding legal precedent has actually developed there's no essential right to education under the Constitution.
The court maintained Smith's judgment in January. Rebell stated then that just the Supreme Court can solve the uncertainties in the event law concerning trainees' rights to civic education and they would make their case there, on behalf of all public school trainees.
Rhode Island's education department now prepares to develop a civics education job force that will consist of a few of the trainee complainants and their counsel, to recommend the state on how to much better prepare trainees to be included, capable residents in a democratic and civil society. As part of the contract, the complainants will not petition the Supreme Court.
Gov. Dan McKee signed legislation in 2015 to need public school trainees to show efficiency, as specified by districts, in civics education and do a minimum of one civics job, beginning in 2022-23.
( Copyright (c) 2022 The Associated Press. All Rights Scheduled. This product might not be released, broadcast, reworded, or rearranged.)
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\section{Introduction}

Point Processes \cite{VJ03} are mathematical objects for counting occurrences of discrete events over a continuous space. They have long been used for modeling a myriad of real-world phenomena, such as war deaths \cite{EL11}, social network interactions \cite{QZ15}, earthquake occurrences \cite{YO99} academic papers' citation counts \cite{HZ16} and stock orders \cite{EB15}.

In the case of the space considered being a one-dimensional real-valued axis, we may associate its coordinate to a time value, and deal with a so-called `purely temporal point process'. The simplest case of point process, the `Homogeneus Poisson Process', assumes that the arrival of events follow a static-valued rate, the so-called `Intensity Function', and that the events are independent of each other. However, it has been shown \cite{YL16,HX16} that this independence assumption is insufficient for modeling situations in which the data presents infectiousness or time-clustering effects, which indeed point to some causality mechanism among consecutive events.

Such temporally clustered behavior, also referred to as `Self-Excitation', can be modeled through a type of point process entitled `Hawkes Process' (HP), which models this behavior through the addition of an extra term in the Intensity Function of the process, which includes the influence of previous event occurrences in the current value of the arrival rate.

Most of the research concerning HPs consists of modeling/identifying the self-exciting term of the intensity function, hereby referred to as `Self-Exciting Kernel' (SEK), from one or more realizations of the process. One of the proposed methods for such inference consists of maximizing the corresponding parametric expression of the loglikelihood given a family of possible functions, such as exponential or power-law \cite{YO99,TO79}.

Unfortunately, the non-convexity of this procedure \cite{YL18}, along with the ill-conditioning of the initialization of the self-triggering function parameters, may lead to a consequent instability of this method. This means that the final parameter values found by the method correspond to a self-exciting kernel which models a corresponding process in which, in the long term, lead to an infinite amount of events occurring in a finite time interval. This happens when the parameters of the self-exciting function do not satisfy the so-called `stationarity criterion'.

Recent works \cite{EB12,TJ15} point to HPs parameter values near unstable configurations as good fitting for some types of data. However, the former just discuss the normalization over the amplitude parameter of exponential kernel, while the second latter deals solely with asymptotic properties, i.e., when the length of observation of the process tends to infinity ($T \rightarrow \infty$). Theoretical analysis of the stability of HPs is also done in \cite{DK13}.

In this work, we:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Describe the Unconstrained Optimization-based Hawkes Process Loglikelihood maximization procedure for four parametric families of functions (Exponential, Power-Law, Rayleigh and Tsallis Q-Exponential), deriving the required closed-form mathematical expressions;
\item Propose Renormalization Factors as instruments for constraining the Parametric MLE procedure to stable configurations of SEK parameters, which also take advantage of the previously discussed near-instability regions;
\item Derive closed-form expressions for the Renormalization Factors of four parametric families (Exponential, Power-Law, Rayleigh, Tsallis Q-Exponential) and show the several possible ways through which this stabilization can be done, with these factors being calculated over each parameter and also over more than one parameter considered jointly;
\item Validate the efficacy of the proposed method through experiments.
\end{enumerate}

\section{Related Work}

Regarding the the utilization of parametric functions for modeling SEKs in HPs: \cite{JE16} uses exponential kernels for modeling quick-decay in finance or web data. \cite{YO99} models slow decay influence with power-law kernels in earthquake, while \cite{QZ15} performs power law modeling experiments with social media-related data.

More recent works, s.a. the neural network-based  Hawkes processes in \cite{ND16,HM17} and the time-dependent Hawkes process (TiDeH) \cite{RK16}, allow for learning very flexible Hawkes processes with highly complicated intensity functions, while depending on the size and the quality of data.

\section{Hawkes Processes}

In this section, we will briefly discuss the theoretical concepts and mathematical definitions concerning the HP-based modeling of self-excitation or self-triggering behavior in Time Series data.

A realization of an one-dimensional point process, composed by a sequence of N time-events, can be expressed by a vector of the form ($t_{1}$,$t_{2}$, ... , $t_{n}$). Considering the real line as a time coordinate axis, it is possible to associate such vector with a so-called \textit{Counting Process} $N(t)$, with its derivative, $dN(t)$, which is set to 1 when there is an event at time t, and 0, otherwise.

Moreover, such a point process is associated with a corresponding \textit{Intensity Function} $\lambda (t)$, which corresponds to the instantaneous expected rate of arrival of events, or the expectation of derivative of the counting process $N(t)$, i.e.:
\begin{eqnarray}
\lambda (t) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\mathbb{E} [N(t+h)-N(t)]}{h}
\label{eq: intenshp}
\end{eqnarray}
The simplest example of this function would be a constant-valued arrival rate, $\mu$, as in the case of the \textit{Homogeneous Poisson Process} (HPP)

As previously stated, HPs model the intensity function in terms of \textit{self-excitation}: when the arrival of an event makes subsequent arrivals more likely to happen \cite{PL15};
This type of behavior can be described through an Intensity Function expression which takes into account the past events into its current value, i.e., a Conditional Intensity Function $\lambda (t)$, which may be described as such:
\begin{eqnarray*}
\lim_{h \to 0} \dfrac{\mathbb{E} (N(t + h) - N(t)| \mathcal{H} (t))}{h} \notag = \mu + \int_{-\infty}^{t} \phi (t-u) dN(u),
\end{eqnarray*}
where $\mathcal{H} (t)$ is the \textit{History} of the process, the set containing all the events up to time t; $\mu$ is denominated \textit{background rate}, or \textit{exogenous intensity}, and here is considered constant, such as the mean of a HPP; and $\phi (t)$ is referred to as \textit{self-exciting kernel}, or \textit{excitation function}.
From the definition in \cite{AH71}, we have that, given:
\begin{eqnarray}
||\phi|| = \int_{0}^{\infty} \phi (t) dt \leq 1,
\end{eqnarray}
then the corresponding process will attain wide-sense stationary behavior, from which the asymptotic steady arrival rate, also referred to as `first-order statistics',
\begin{eqnarray}
\Lambda = \tfrac{\mu}{(1-||\phi||)},
\end{eqnarray}
can be evaluated, along with its stationary temporal covariance function, or `second-order statistics', which is independent of t:
\begin{eqnarray}
\nu (\tau) =  \mathbb{E} (dN(t) dN(t + \tau)).
\end{eqnarray}
The estimation of both $\Lambda$ and $\nu (\tau)$ draws on wide-sense stationarity assumptions which, apart from analytical convenience, are also related to the fact that, when dealing with real data and practical applications, the chain of causally triggered events will always be considered finite.

\section{Parametric Kernels for Hawkes Processes}

A concise way of expressing the time-clustering influence term $\phi$ is through the use of simply defined parametric functions. In this section, we describe the four types of function used in the present work, along with their main theoretical and practical usage motivation.

\textbf{Exponential (EXP($\alpha$,$\beta$))}. The exponential function is hereby defined as:
\begin{equation}
EXP(\alpha,\beta) = \alpha e^{-\beta t}
\end{equation}
It has been widely adopted in HP inference tasks, since it represents a general type of decay together with some analytical conveniences, s.a., the markovian property which allows the intensity at a given event coordinate to be calculated directly from the previous event, without the need of scanning throughout all the previous events.

\textbf{Power-Law (PWL(K,c,p))}. The power-law function is hereby defined as:
\begin{equation}
PWL(K,c,p) = \dfrac{K}{(t+c)^p}
\end{equation}
It has been used for modeling a slower form of decay than the exponential.

\textbf{Tsallis Q-Exponential (QEXP(a,q))}. The Tsallis Q-Exponential is hereby defined as:
\begin{equation}
QEXP(a,q) = \\ \nonumber
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\left\{
\begin{array}{ll}
a e^{-t} & \quad q = 1 \\
a \left[ 1+ (q-1)t\right]^\frac{1}{(1-q)} & \quad q \neq 0 \text{ and } 1+ (1-q)t > 0 \\
0 & q \neq 0 \text{ and } 1+ (1-q)t\leq 0
\end{array}
\right.
\end{equation}
It is a power transform, in other words, a continuous deformation , along the shape parameter `q' among Power-Law and Exponential-like triggering behaviours. Widely used in quantum optics and atomic physics, in this work, it is proposed for modeling decay in a more hybrid way between exponential and power-law. Since it has been shown that the behaviour of power-laws and exponentials may be very similar in some situations \cite{TB06}, a kernel such as Tsallis Q-Exponential may handle this in a unified way.

It is also widely used in statistics for variance stabilization, for turning the data more similar to some distribution, and also for improvement of the validity of association measures among variables (e.g. Pearson correlation).

\textbf{Rayleigh (RAY($\gamma$,$\eta$))}. The rayleigh kernel is hereby defined as:
\begin{equation}
RAY(\gamma,\eta) = \gamma t e^{-\eta t^2}
\end{equation}
It has been used in the context of survival times over diffusion networks \cite{MG13} for modeling a distinct, non-monotonically decaying, type of influence. It has been shown that some types of data, such as Stack Overflow response times, are not well suited to strictly decaying functions, exponential or power-law \cite{ND16}, and possess a more skewed-like distribution shape.

\section{Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Parametric SEK}

In this section, we describe the Unconstrained Optimization-based MLE procedure for HPs, and also derive closed-form expressions for the loglikelihood of four proposed families of parametric kernels. It was initially proposed in \cite{TO79}, for exponential functions, and a great deal of follow-up work developed it for other types of continuous and smooth functions.
Given a sequence of time events $(t_1,t_2,...,t_n)$ and a defined intensity function $\lambda(t)$, its corresponding loglikelihood (llh) is given by:
\begin{eqnarray}
llh = \sum_{i=1}^{k} \log (\lambda (t_i)) - \int_{0}^{T} \lambda (u) du
\label{LLH}.
\end{eqnarray}
Since the intensity function of a HP possesses a closed-form expression given by Equation \ref{eq: intenshp}, we can calculate closed-form expressions of llh for each of the parametric kernels introduced in the previous section:
\subsection{EXP}
\begin{multline}
llh(EXP(\alpha,\beta)) = \sum_{i} \log (\mu + \sum_{j < i} \alpha e^{t_i - t_j}) \\- (\mu T + \sum_{i} \dfrac{\alpha}{\beta} (1 - e^{-\beta T-t_i}))
\end{multline}
\subsection{PWL}
\begin{multline}
llh(PWL(K,c,p)) = \sum_i \log(\mu + \sum_{j<i} \dfrac{K}{(t_i-t_j+c)^p}) \\- (\mu T + \sum_i \dfrac{K}{(p-1)}(c^{(1-p)}-(T-t_i + c)^{(1-p)})
\end{multline}
\subsection{QEXP}
\begin{itemize}
\item $1<q<2$:
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
&llh(QEXP(a,q)) = \sum_i \log (\mu \\ &+ \sum_{j<i} a[1+(q-1)(t_i-t_j)]^{\dfrac{1}{1-q}})) \\&- (\mu T + \sum_i \dfrac{a}{2-q} (1-[1+(q-1)(T-t_i)]^{\dfrac{2-q}{1-q}}))
\end{split}
\end{equation}
\end{itemize}
\subsection{RAY}
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
&llh(RAY(\gamma,\eta)) = \sum_i \log\left(\mu+\sum_{j<i} e^{-\eta (t_j-t_i)^2}\right) \\&-(\mu T + \sum_i \dfrac{\gamma}{2 \eta} (1-e^{-\eta (T-t_i)^2}))
\end{split}
\end{equation}

The standard MLE procedure consists in, given said parametric expressions for the loglikelihood, finding the corresponding SEK function parameters which maximize it. This search is done through Unconstrained Optimization methods, such as Gradient Descent, L-BFGS, or Nelder-Mead, over one or more sequences of events corresponding to a given HP realization.

\section{Renormalization Factors}

In this section, we introduce our stabilization method, entitled Maximum Likelihood Estimation with Renormalization Factors (RF-MLE), for stabilizing the solution of the Unconstrained Optimization-based MLE procedure. Given an possibly unstable SEK parameter configuration, from each of the four proposed SEKs, i.e., a tuple of parameters for which the value of $|\phi|$ is greater than 1, we find new tuples of parameter values for which the new value $|\phi|$, here defined as $|\phi|_{R}$ is equivalent to:
\begin{equation}
|\phi|_{R} = \dfrac{1}{1+\epsilon},
\end{equation}
with the strictly positive parameter $\epsilon$, here taken as a `safety margin', chosen as $10^{-1}$,$10^{-2}$ and $10^{-3}$, for our experiments.

These Renormalization Factors are derived for each parameter individually, and also for their joint combinations. This concept is illustrated in Figure \ref{fig: RF}.
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{Renormalization_Factors_2_.pdf}
\caption{Visual illustration of the Renormalization concept. Given original unstable parameters, at point P, we find stable configurations over Parameter 1 (R1), over Parameter 2 (R2) and jointly over both parameters (R12).}\label{fig: RF}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Exponential}. Given the EXP($\alpha$,$\beta$) function, the Renormalization Factors are found as in the following.\footnote{Here, $\hat{\Lambda}$ is calculated as $\dfrac{N}{T}$, with N being the total number of events contained in a given sequence.}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Renormalization over $\alpha$:
\begin{equation}
(\mu',\alpha',\beta') = (\hat{\Lambda} \left( 1-1/(1+\epsilon)\right),\frac{\alpha}{|\phi| (1+\epsilon)},\beta)
\end{equation}
\item Renormalization over $\beta$:
\begin{equation}
(\mu',\alpha',\beta') = (\hat{\Lambda} \left( 1-1/(1+\epsilon)\right),\alpha,\beta |\phi| (1+\epsilon))
\end{equation}
\item Joint Renormalization over $\alpha$ and $\beta$:
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
&(\mu',\alpha',\beta') = \\& (\hat{\Lambda} \left( 1-1/(1+\epsilon)\right),\frac{\alpha}{\sqrt{|\phi| (1+\epsilon)}},\beta\sqrt{|\phi|(1+\epsilon)})
\end{split}
\end{equation}
\end{enumerate}
\textbf{Power-Law}. Given the PWL(K,c,p) function, the Renormalization Factors are found as in the following.
\begin{enumerate}
\item Renormalization over K:
\begin{equation}
(\mu',K',c',p') = (\hat{\Lambda} \left( 1-1/(1+\epsilon)\right),\frac{K}{|\phi|(1+\epsilon)},c,p)
\end{equation}
\item Renormalization over c:
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
&(\mu',K',c',p') = \\& (\hat{\Lambda} \left( 1-1/(1+\epsilon)\right),K,c(|\phi|(1+\epsilon))^{\frac{1}{p-1}},p)
\end{split}
\end{equation}
\item Renormalization over p:
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
&(\mu',K',c',p') = \\&(\hat{\Lambda} \left( 1-1/(1+\epsilon)\right),K,c,1+\frac{W(\Delta \log c)}{\log c})
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\Delta = |\phi| (1+\epsilon) (p-1) c^{(p-1)}
\end{equation}
and W is the analytical continuation of branch 0 of the product log (Lambert-W) function.
\item Joint Renormalization over K and c:
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
&(\mu',K',c',p') = \\&(\hat{\Lambda} \left( 1-1/(1+\epsilon)\right),\frac{K}{\sqrt{|\phi|(1+\epsilon)}},c(\sqrt{|\phi|(1+\epsilon)})^{\frac{1}{p-1}},p)
\end{split}
\end{equation}
\item Joint Renormalization over K and p:
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
&(\mu',K',c',p') = \\&(\hat{\Lambda} \left( 1-1/(1+\epsilon)\right),\frac{K}{\sqrt{|\phi|(1+\epsilon)}},c,1+\frac{W(\Delta \log c)}{\log c})
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\Delta = \sqrt{|\phi| (1+\epsilon)} (p-1) c^{(p-1)}
\end{equation}
\end{enumerate}
\textbf{Tsallis Q-Exponential}. Given the QEXP(a,q) function, the Renormalization Factors are found as in the following.
\begin{enumerate}
\item Renormalization over a:
\begin{equation}
(\mu',a',q') = (\hat{\Lambda} \left( 1-1/(1+\epsilon)\right),\frac{a}{|\phi|(1+\epsilon)},q)
\end{equation}
\item Renormalization over q:
\begin{equation}
(\mu',a',q') = (\hat{\Lambda} \left( 1-1/(1+\epsilon)\right),a,2-(2-q)|\phi|(1+\epsilon))
\end{equation}
\item Joint Renormalization over a and q:
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
&(\mu',a',q') = (\hat{\Lambda} \left( 1-1/(1+\epsilon)\right),\\&\frac{a}{\sqrt{|\phi|(1+\epsilon)}},2-(2-q)\sqrt{|\phi|(1+\epsilon)})
\end{split}
\end{equation}
\end{enumerate}
\textbf{Rayleigh}. Given the RAY($\gamma$,$\eta$) function, the Renormalization Factors are found as in the following.
\begin{enumerate}
\item Renormalization over $\gamma$:
\begin{equation}
(\mu',\gamma',\eta') = (\hat{\Lambda} \left( 1-1/(1+\epsilon)\right),\frac{\gamma}{|\phi| (1+\epsilon)},\eta)
\end{equation}
\item Renormalization over $\eta$:
\begin{equation}
(\mu',\gamma',\eta') = (\hat{\Lambda} \left( 1-1/(1+\epsilon)\right),\gamma,\eta |\phi| (1+\epsilon))
\end{equation}
\item Joint Renormalization over $\gamma$ and $\eta$:
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
&(\mu',\gamma',\eta') = (\hat{\Lambda} \left( 1-1/(1+\epsilon)\right),\\&\frac{\gamma}{\sqrt{|\phi| (1+\epsilon)}},\eta\sqrt{|\phi|(1+\epsilon)})
\end{split}
\end{equation}
\end{enumerate}

\section{Experiments}

For the experiments, we were interested in how the types of renormalization affect the performance of the standard MLE algorithm across all the four types of kernels.
We trained the models on 10 sequences for T=1000,5000, 10000 and 30000, independently simulated with each of the four types of kernels, with the respective parameters: $\mu=0.5$, $\alpha=0.06$, $\beta=0.2$, $K=0.06$, $c=1.0$, $p=11$, $a=0.06$, $q=0.5$, $\gamma=0.06$ and $\eta=0.2$.

The optimization procedure was maximizing the Loglikelihood Functions for each of the four proposed SEKs over each realization of the sequences, using the Nelder-Mead method \cite{NM65}.

The goal was to verify the average difference among the loglikelihood from the search with RFs (RF-MLE), which outputs the highest loglikelihood value among the original MLE and all the possible renormalizations, and the original version of the MLE method. The results are shown in Figures \ref{fig: T1000}, \ref{fig: T5000}, \ref{fig: T10000} and \ref{fig: T30000}for sequences with T=1000, 5000, 10000 and 30000, respectively.

\begin{table*}[ht!]

\parbox{.49\linewidth}{
\resizebox{1.\linewidth}{!}{
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c||c c c c|}
\hline
\multirow{3}{*}{\vbox{\hbox{\strut Sequence}\hbox{\strut Type}}} & \vbox{\hbox{\strut MLE}\hbox{\strut}}  & \vbox{\hbox{\strut RF-MLE}\hbox{\strut ($\epsilon = 0.1$)}}  & \vbox{\hbox{\strut RF-MLE}\hbox{\strut ($\epsilon = 0.01$)}}  & \vbox{\hbox{\strut RF-MLE}\hbox{\strut ($\epsilon = 0.001$)}}  \\
\cline{2-5}
 & \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{Selected Kernel}\\
\cline{2-5}
 & \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{EXP}\\
\hline

EXP & -933.35  & \textbf{-915.78} & -917.01 & -917.337 \\
PWL & -874.01  & \textbf{-869.30} & -873.28 & -874.01 \\
QEXP & -607.02 & \textbf{-576.74} & -583.42 & -584.68 \\
RAY & \textbf{-905.70} & \textbf{-905.70} & \textbf{-905.70} & \textbf{-905.70} \\
\hline
  & \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{PWL}\\
\hline
EXP & -1222.95 & \textbf{-1140.89} & -1203.14 & -1207.36 \\
PWL & -1662.69 & \textbf{-1550.44} & -1600.95 & -1604.40 \\
QEXP & -979.52 & \textbf{-701.06} & -740.48 & -745.00 \\
RAY & -1338.68 & \textbf{-1221.07} & -1221.72 & -1226.69 \\
\hline
  & \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{QEXP}\\
\hline
EXP & \textbf{-781.88} & \textbf{-781.88} & \textbf{-781.88} & \textbf{-781.88} \\
PWL & -848.25 & -848.25 & -848.25 & \textbf{-559.70} \\
QEXP & -779.39 & \textbf{-760.67} & \textbf{-760.67} & -779.39 \\
RAY & -850.53 & -823.90 & \textbf{-781.88} & -821.09 \\
\hline
  & \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{RAY}\\
\hline
EXP & -943.67 & \textbf{-934.11} & -943.67 & -943.67 \\
PWL & \textbf{-877.46} & \textbf{-877.46} & \textbf{-877.46} & \textbf{-877.46} \\
QEXP & -583.69 & \textbf{-566.26} & -581.10 & -583.69 \\
RAY & \textbf{-913.76} & \textbf{-913.76} & \textbf{-913.76} & \textbf{-913.76} \\
\hline

\hline
\end{tabular}

}
\caption{Performance comparison of MLE and RF-MLE, for sequences with T=5000.}
}
\hfill
\parbox{.49\linewidth}{
\resizebox{1.\linewidth}{!}{
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c||c c c c|}
\hline
\multirow{3}{*}{\vbox{\hbox{\strut Sequence}\hbox{\strut Type}}} & \vbox{\hbox{\strut MLE}\hbox{\strut}}  & \vbox{\hbox{\strut RF-MLE}\hbox{\strut ($\epsilon = 0.1$)}}  & \vbox{\hbox{\strut RF-MLE}\hbox{\strut ($\epsilon = 0.01$)}}  & \vbox{\hbox{\strut RF-MLE}\hbox{\strut ($\epsilon = 0.001$)}}  \\
\cline{2-5}
 & \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{Selected Kernel}\\
\cline{2-5}
 & \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{EXP}\\
\hline
EXP & -4676.61  & \textbf{-4599.52} & -4605.21 & -4606.31 \\
PWL & -4409.35  & \textbf{-4386.74} & -4404.62 & -4407.94 \\
QEXP & -3133.68 & \textbf{-2998.18} & -3014.98 & -3017.27 \\
RAY & \textbf{-4479.72} & \textbf{-4479.72} & \textbf{-4479.72} & \textbf{-4479.72} \\
\hline
  & \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{PWL}\\
\hline
EXP & -6427.87 & -6049.23 & -6034.03 & \textbf{-6031.82}\\
PWL & -8732.92 & -8324.04 & -8294.48 & \textbf{-8291.94} \\
QEXP & -5162.15 & \textbf{-3550.52} & -3605.26 & -3612.18 \\
RAY & -6198.44 & -6031.68 & -6022.75 & \textbf{-6022.20}\\
\hline
  & \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{QEXP}\\
\hline
EXP & -4263.04 & \textbf{-3577.93} & -4249.27 & -4263.04 \\
PWL & -2246.73 & \textbf{-1623.26} & -2246.73 & -1994.41 \\
QEXP & -4834.63 & -\textbf{3824.03} & -4824.63 & -4834.63 \\
RAY & \textbf{-1898.07} & \textbf{-1898.07} & \textbf{-1898.07} & \textbf{-1898.07} \\
\hline
  & \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{RAY}\\
\hline
EXP & \textbf{-4726.30} & \textbf{-4726.30} & \textbf{-4726.30} & \textbf{-4726.30} \\
PWL & \textbf{-4439.19} & \textbf{-4439.19} & \textbf{-4439.19} & \textbf{-4439.19} \\
QEXP & -2991.98 & \textbf{-2931.48} & -2985.19 & -2991.98 \\
RAY & \textbf{-4507.61} & \textbf{-4507.61} & \textbf{-4507.61} & \textbf{-4507.61} \\
\hline

\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\caption{Performance comparison of MLE and RF-MLE, for sequences with T=5000.}
}
\centering
\parbox{.49\linewidth}{
\resizebox{1.\linewidth}{!}{
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c||c c c c|}
\hline
\multirow{3}{*}{\vbox{\hbox{\strut Sequence}\hbox{\strut Type}}} & \vbox{\hbox{\strut MLE}\hbox{\strut}}  & \vbox{\hbox{\strut RF-MLE}\hbox{\strut ($\epsilon = 0.1$)}}  & \vbox{\hbox{\strut RF-MLE}\hbox{\strut ($\epsilon = 0.01$)}}  & \vbox{\hbox{\strut RF-MLE}\hbox{\strut ($\epsilon = 0.001$)}}  \\
\cline{2-5}
 & \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{Selected Kernel}\\
\cline{2-5}
 & \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{EXP}\\
\hline
EXP & -9345.30  & \textbf{-9184.65} & -9195.60 & -9197.34 \\
PWL & -8804.21  & \textbf{-8758.80} & -8795.91 & -8803.54 \\
QEXP & -6224.90 & \textbf{-5924.63} & -5959.67 & -5963.72 \\
RAY & \textbf{-9011.67} & \textbf{-9011.67} & \textbf{-9011.67} & \textbf{-9011.67} \\
\hline
  & \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{PWL}\\
\hline
EXP & -13224.13 & -12475.77 & -12884.69 & \textbf{-12449.9} \\
PWL & -18001.13 & -17281.74 & -17677.44 & \textbf{-17214.11} \\
QEXP & -9909.25 & \textbf{-7069.38} & -7159.89 & -7168.51 \\
RAY & -12653.81 & -12554.38 & -12653.81 & \textbf{-12526.31} \\
\hline
  & \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{QEXP}\\
\hline
EXP & -9364.55 & \textbf{-7954.48} & -9364.55 & -9364.55 \\
PWL & -4228.78 & -4153.88 & -4228.78 & \textbf{-3465.89} \\
QEXP & -9638.70 & \textbf{-7629.54} & -9638.70 & -9638.70 \\
RAY & -3625.10 & -3555.13 & -3541.83 & \textbf{-3530.86} \\
\hline
  & \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{RAY}\\
\hline
EXP & -9430.41 & \textbf{-9343.28} & -9430.41 & -9430.41 \\
PWL & \textbf{-8860.35} & \textbf{-8860.35} & \textbf{-8860.35} & \textbf{-8860.35} \\
QEXP & -5904.64 & \textbf{-5780.61} & -5894.93 & -5904.64 \\
RAY & -9119.86 & \textbf{-9074.78} & -9080.00 & -9080.81 \\
\hline

\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\caption{Performance comparison of MLE and RF-MLE, for sequences with T=10000.}
}
\parbox{.49\linewidth}{
\resizebox{1.\linewidth}{!}{
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c||c c c c|}
\hline
\multirow{3}{*}{\vbox{\hbox{\strut Sequence}\hbox{\strut Type}}} & \vbox{\hbox{\strut MLE}\hbox{\strut}}  & \vbox{\hbox{\strut RF-MLE}\hbox{\strut ($\epsilon = 0.1$)}}  & \vbox{\hbox{\strut RF-MLE}\hbox{\strut ($\epsilon = 0.01$)}}  & \vbox{\hbox{\strut RF-MLE}\hbox{\strut ($\epsilon = 0.001$)}}  \\
\cline{2-5}
 & \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{Selected Kernel}\\
\cline{2-5}
 & \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{EXP}\\
\hline
EXP & -27977.34 & \textbf{-27478.56} & -27505.80 & -27509.08 \\
PWL & -26409.90 & \textbf{-26275.62} & -26384.06 & -26404.55 \\
QEXP & -18709.47 & \textbf{-17845.99} & -17966.39 & -17977.52 \\
RAY & \textbf{-27040.52} & \textbf{-27040.52} & \textbf{-27040.52} & \textbf{-27040.52} \\
\hline
  & \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{PWL}\\
\hline
EXP & -38778.95 & -37577.37 & -37474.50 & \textbf{-37463.87} \\
PWL & -55402.71 & -54297.97 & -54198.61 & \textbf{-54188.42} \\
QEXP & -29858.67 & \textbf{-21510.88} & -21701.71 & -21711.34 \\
RAY & -39847.99 & \textbf{-39310.19 }& -39332.57 & -39335.31 \\
\hline
  & \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{QEXP}\\
\hline
EXP & -25912.10 & \textbf{-21605.03} & -25912.10 & -25912.10 \\
PWL & -12480.82 & -12048.36 & -12480.82 & \textbf{-8821.05} \\
QEXP & -28863.15 & \textbf{-22992.06} & -28863.15 & -28863.15 \\
RAY & -12296.04 & -12011.74 & -12296.04 & -12296.04 \\
\hline
  & \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{RAY}\\
\hline
EXP & -28227.41 & \textbf{-27966.14} & -28227.41 & -28227.41 \\
PWL & \textbf{-26575.83} & \textbf{-26575.83} & \textbf{-26575.83} & \textbf{-26575.83} \\
QEXP & -17842.22 & \textbf{-17412.77} & -17810.90 & -17842.22 \\
RAY & -27328.09 & \textbf{-27200.80} & -27214.74 & -27216.62 \\
\hline

\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\caption{Performance comparison of MLE and RF-MLE, for sequences with T=30000.}
}
\end{table*}
It is possible to see that the RF-MLE shows significant improvement, over the standard MLE, on the Loglikelihood of the estimated model even when the kernel being fitted is misassigned, i.e., when a type of kernel is used to model a sequence generated by another type of kernel.

\begin{figure*}[ht!]
\centering
\subfigure[Results for T=1000.]{\label{fig: T1000}\includegraphics[width=0.75\linewidth]{Results_T1000.png}}
\subfigure[Results for T=5000.]{\label{fig: T5000}\includegraphics[width=0.75\linewidth]{Results_T5000.png}}
\subfigure[Results for T=10000.]{\label{fig: T10000}\includegraphics[width=0.75\linewidth]{Results_T10000.png}}
\subfigure[Results for T=30000.]{\label{fig: T30000}\includegraphics[width=0.75\linewidth]{Results_T30000.png}}
\caption{Ratio of sequences for which the RF-MLE showed improvement over the standard MLE on the sequences with T = 1000, 5000, 10000 and 30000. This ratio was calculated for each kernel type over their corresponding sequences and also in the case of misassignment of kernel, i.e., when a given kernel type is used on sequences simulated with other kernel types. For example, the upper leftmost barplot shows the ratio of sequences, over the total number of sequences simulated with each kernel type, for which the RF-MLE for the kernel EXP, with $\epsilon$ set as 0.1, showed an improvement of the average loglikelihood over the sequences, comparing with the standard MLE.}\label{fig: freqmle}
\end{figure*}
In Figure \ref{fig: freqmle}, it is possible to see the ratio of sequences, for each kernel and sequence types, in which the RF-MLE improves the final resulting loglikelihood.

\section{Conclusion}

Hawkes Processes are a type of point process for modeling self-excitation, i.e., when the occurrence of an event makes future events more likely to occur. We introduced  Renormalization Factors, over four types of parametric kernels, as a solution to the instability of the Unconstrained Optimization-based method for maximization of the Loglikelihood function of Hawkes Processes. These factors were derived for each of the self-triggering function parameters, and also for more than one parameter considered jointly. Experimental results demonstrated that the Parametric MLE estimation method shows improved performance with Renormalization Factors over sets of sequences of several different lengths.

\subsection{Future Work}

For further investigation, we plan to study the renormalization procedures over sums of each of the proposed parametric kernels, which will be done in a weighted, proportional way. We also plan to propose Renormalization Factors for the Multivariate HPs case.

\newpage

\section*{Acknowledgements}

The authors would like to thank Marcos Cleison Silva Santana, from Recogna/UNESP, for the fruitful discussions regarding the Tsallis Q-Exponential.

\nocite{langley00}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Speech and Audio Technology for Voice Interaction and Video Understanding
Facebook's mission is to give people the power to build community and bring the world closer together. People use Facebook to stay connected with friends and family, to discover what's going on in the world, and to share and express what matters to them. We create spoken language technology to make it faster and simpler for people to build community and connect with others around the world. We invest in video content understanding to make it simpler for people to discover the content that matters to them.
We are pleased to announce a call for research proposals for speech & audio technology that advances the state-of-the-art in human-computer interaction, human-human interaction, and video content understanding.
Applicants from the academic community should submit a two-page proposal outlining their intended research, a budget overview, and an estimated timeline.
Awards will range from $20,000 to $50,000 USD per proposal for projects up to one year in duration beginning August 2018. Successful proposals will demonstrate innovative and compelling research that has the potential to significantly advance the state of the art. Award amounts will be determined at the discretion of the evaluation committee. Participants need to be prepared to show milestone completion and present results at the halfway mark (February 2019). Up to 5 projects will be awarded.
Representatives from each awarded project will be invited to a workshop with other participants in October 2018, and are expected to attend an evaluation meeting in February 2019. Opportunities for a second round of funding will be determined at the February meeting. Travel costs to attend these meetings to Menlo Park, CA, USA should be included in the proposed budget. Award recipients will be listed on the Facebook Research website and will be encouraged to openly publish any findings from their work as well as make any code available as open source.
Applications Are Currently CLosed
Notification process: Award decisions will be announced by email in mid June, 2018.
Research topics should be relevant to the areas of human-computer interaction, human-human interaction, and video content understanding, including, but not limited to:
Speech synthesis
Multilingual and/or low resource modeling
Spoken language understanding
Acoustic event detection and auditory scene analysis
Audio-visual modeling for speech recognition or video understanding
Proposals must be submitted via the form below. Please prepare the following documents as PDF files and upload with the form:
A summary of the project (1-2 pages) explaining the area of focus, importance to the field, a description of the techniques, any relevant prior work, and a timeline with quarterly milestones and expected outcomes.
A draft budget description (1 page) including an approximate cost of the award and explanation of how funds would be spent- including travel costs to Menlo Park, CA if applicable
Curriculum Vitae for all project personnel.
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