MacGregor's solutions make the sea more accessible, safe and reliable. MacGregor creates value for shipbuilders, owners and operators in the offshore and marine industries. Understanding the customer business and way of life is key to MacGregor, addressing their needs with tailored solutions for load handling, cargo handling, mooring or essential auxiliary equipment.
MacGregor is a family of innovators. By engineering solutions that make the sea more accessible, safe and reliable, MacGregor supports those whose livelihood depends on the changing conditions of the sea. To enable that, MacGregor has a variety of strong product brands and committed experts with a passion for solving challenges – and the power of the sea is sure to provide those.
The founders of MacGregor braved new frontiers in different times and places. Those origins merge at today's MacGregor, inspiring it to continue the stories and create new ones.
MacGregor is a global team of professionals, creating value for shipbuilders, owners and operators in the offshore and marine industries. Understanding customers' business and way of life is key to all work at MacGregor. It is the foundation to addressing customer needs with tailored solutions for load handling, cargo handling, mooring or essential auxiliary equipment. Productivity, sustainability and equipment lifetime benefit from the combination of MacGregor's expertise and technology.
During the 1920s, engineer brothers Robert and Joseph MacGregor developed the first steel hatch cover. Deceptively simple, the design consisted of five articulated leaves that stowed neatly at the end of each hatch. Patented in 1929, this ground-breaking concept improved ship and cargo safety and changed the face of cargo care for ever.
In 1937, to promote and sell these steel hatch covers, Robert and Joseph formed MacGregor & Company in Whitley Bay on the north-east coast of England. This was the actual beginning of the MacGregor story.
Going further, the marine cargo business of the company in a broader meaning started in 1983 when MacGregor merged with the Finnish Navire. The new company was named MacGregor-Navire and was owned by KONE.
In 1992, the company acquired the world's leading container lashing manufacturer, Conver-OSR and its product portfolio.
A year later, Incentive acquired MacGregor-Navire and merged it with Hägglunds Marine - the Swedish crane specialist. In 1998, the majority of MacGregor was sold to Industri Kapital.
In 2005, Cargotec bought MacGregor International AB, the global marine cargo flow solutions provider, to strengthen the company's cargo handling offering. Also in 2005, MacGregor's lashing design knowledge was further strengthened with the acquisition of the Swedish company Allset Marine Lashing.
In 2007 MacGregor expanded into new segments through acquisitions like the Norwegian company Hydramarine, which specialises in offshore and subsea load handling systems, and Plimsoll Corporation Pte Ltd. Plimsoll, based in Singapore, offers deck machinery for offshore oil and gas operators as well as for the marine industry in the Asia-Pacific region.
The Asian market has grown in importance for MacGregor business. MacGregor's presence in Asia is continuously enhanced with actions such as the new offshore equipment factory for MacGregor equipment in Tianjin, China, which was opened in 2008, and the establishing of a new joint venture company in China with Jiangsu Rainbow Heavy Industries (RHI), Rainbow-Cargotec Industries Co Ltd (RCI) in 2012.
In 2013, MacGregor made two strategic acquisitions. In October, MacGregor acquired Hatlapa to strengthen its position in the merchant ship segment with a product portfolio including a wide range of deck machinery. Included in the Hatlapa acquisition, Triplex branded equipment became part of MacGregor's offering. The acquisition of the mooring and loading systems unit from Aker Solutions widened MacGregor's offshore offering to Pusnes mooring equipment and loading and offloading systems, Porsgrunn deck machinery for the global offshore and shipping markets, as well as Woodfield branded marine loading arms for onshore loading customers. The acquisition was completed in January 2014. Hatlapa brand will celebrate its 100th anniversary in 2019.
In 2016, Cargotec acquired software company Interschalt, and their service business was integrated to MacGregor. MacGregor acquired the majority shares of Flintstone Technology Ltd. to further strenghten its advanced technology offering in offshore solutions.
In 2017, MacGregor divested Woodfield Systems Ltd, and it signed an agreement to acquire Rapp Marine Group to strengthen its offering for the fishery and research vessel segment. The Rapp Marine acquisition was completed in early 2018.


text:
'use strict';

var should = require('should'),
  request = require('supertest'),
  path = require('path'),
  mongoose = require('mongoose'),
  User = mongoose.model('User'),
  Event = mongoose.model('Event'),
  express = require(path.resolve('./config/lib/express'));

/**
 * Globals
 */
var app,
  agent,
  credentials,
  user,
  event;

/**
 * Event routes tests
 */
describe('Event CRUD tests', function () {

  before(function (done) {
    // Get application
    app = express.init(mongoose);
    agent = request.agent(app);

    done();
  });

  beforeEach(function (done) {
    // Create user credentials
    credentials = {
      username: 'username',
      password: 'M3@n.jsI$Aw3$0m3'
    };

    // Create a new user
    user = new User({
      firstName: 'Full',
      lastName: 'Name',
      displayName: 'Full Name',
      email: 'test@test.com',
      username: credentials.username,
      password: credentials.password,
      provider: 'local'
    });

    // Save a user to the test db and create new Event
    user.save(function () {
      event = {
        name: 'Event name'
      };

      done();
    });
  });

  it('should be able to save a Event if logged in', function (done) {
    agent.post('/api/auth/signin')
      .send(credentials)
      .expect(200)
      .end(function (signinErr, signinRes) {
        // Handle signin error
        if (signinErr) {
          return done(signinErr);
        }

        // Get the userId
        var userId = user.id;

        // Save a new Event
        agent.post('/api/events')
          .send(event)
          .expect(200)
          .end(function (eventSaveErr, eventSaveRes) {
            // Handle Event save error
            if (eventSaveErr) {
              return done(eventSaveErr);
            }

            // Get a list of Events
            agent.get('/api/events')
              .end(function (eventsGetErr, eventsGetRes) {
                // Handle Event save error
                if (eventsGetErr) {
                  return done(eventsGetErr);
                }

                // Get Events list
                var events = eventsGetRes.body;

                // Set assertions
                (events[0].user._id).should.equal(userId);
                (events[0].name).should.match('Event name');

                // Call the assertion callback
                done();
              });
          });
      });
  });

  it('should not be able to save an Event if not logged in', function (done) {
    agent.post('/api/events')
      .send(event)
      .expect(403)
      .end(function (eventSaveErr, eventSaveRes) {
        // Call the assertion callback
        done(eventSaveErr);
      });
  });

  it('should not be able to save an Event if no name is provided', function (done) {
    // Invalidate name field
    event.name = '';

    agent.post('/api/auth/signin')
      .send(credentials)
      .expect(200)
      .end(function (signinErr, signinRes) {
        // Handle signin error
        if (signinErr) {
          return done(signinErr);
        }

        // Get the userId
        var userId = user.id;

        // Save a new Event
        agent.post('/api/events')
          .send(event)
          .expect(400)
          .end(function (eventSaveErr, eventSaveRes) {
            // Set message assertion
            (eventSaveRes.body.message).should.match('Please fill Event name');

            // Handle Event save error
            done(eventSaveErr);
          });
      });
  });

  it('should be able to update an Event if signed in', function (done) {
    agent.post('/api/auth/signin')
      .send(credentials)
      .expect(200)
      .end(function (signinErr, signinRes) {
        // Handle signin error
        if (signinErr) {
          return done(signinErr);
        }

        // Get the userId
        var userId = user.id;

        // Save a new Event
        agent.post('/api/events')
          .send(event)
          .expect(200)
          .end(function (eventSaveErr, eventSaveRes) {
            // Handle Event save error
            if (eventSaveErr) {
              return done(eventSaveErr);
            }

            // Update Event name
            event.name = 'WHY YOU GOTTA BE SO MEAN?';

            // Update an existing Event
            agent.put('/api/events/' + eventSaveRes.body._id)
              .send(event)
              .expect(200)
              .end(function (eventUpdateErr, eventUpdateRes) {
                // Handle Event update error
                if (eventUpdateErr) {
                  return done(eventUpdateErr);
                }

                // Set assertions
                (eventUpdateRes.body._id).should.equal(eventSaveRes.body._id);
                (eventUpdateRes.body.name).should.match('WHY YOU GOTTA BE SO MEAN?');

                // Call the assertion callback
                done();
              });
          });
      });
  });

  it('should be able to get a list of Events if not signed in', function (done) {
    // Create new Event model instance
    var eventObj = new Event(event);

    // Save the event
    eventObj.save(function () {
      // Request Events
      request(app).get('/api/events')
        .end(function (req, res) {
          // Set assertion
          res.body.should.be.instanceof(Array).and.have.lengthOf(1);

          // Call the assertion callback
          done();
        });

    });
  });

  it('should be able to get a single Event if not signed in', function (done) {
    // Create new Event model instance
    var eventObj = new Event(event);

    // Save the Event
    eventObj.save(function () {
      request(app).get('/api/events/' + eventObj._id)
        .end(function (req, res) {
          // Set assertion
          res.body.should.be.instanceof(Object).and.have.property('name', event.name);

          // Call the assertion callback
          done();
        });
    });
  });

  it('should return proper error for single Event with an invalid Id, if not signed in', function (done) {
    // test is not a valid mongoose Id
    request(app).get('/api/events/test')
      .end(function (req, res) {
        // Set assertion
        res.body.should.be.instanceof(Object).and.have.property('message', 'Event is invalid');

        // Call the assertion callback
        done();
      });
  });

  it('should return proper error for single Event which doesnt exist, if not signed in', function (done) {
    // This is a valid mongoose Id but a non-existent Event
    request(app).get('/api/events/559e9cd815f80b4c256a8f41')
      .end(function (req, res) {
        // Set assertion
        res.body.should.be.instanceof(Object).and.have.property('message', 'No Event with that identifier has been found');

        // Call the assertion callback
        done();
      });
  });

  it('should be able to delete an Event if signed in', function (done) {
    agent.post('/api/auth/signin')
      .send(credentials)
      .expect(200)
      .end(function (signinErr, signinRes) {
        // Handle signin error
        if (signinErr) {
          return done(signinErr);
        }

        // Get the userId
        var userId = user.id;

        // Save a new Event
        agent.post('/api/events')
          .send(event)
          .expect(200)
          .end(function (eventSaveErr, eventSaveRes) {
            // Handle Event save error
            if (eventSaveErr) {
              return done(eventSaveErr);
            }

            // Delete an existing Event
            agent.delete('/api/events/' + eventSaveRes.body._id)
              .send(event)
              .expect(200)
              .end(function (eventDeleteErr, eventDeleteRes) {
                // Handle event error error
                if (eventDeleteErr) {
                  return done(eventDeleteErr);
                }

                // Set assertions
                (eventDeleteRes.body._id).should.equal(eventSaveRes.body._id);

                // Call the assertion callback
                done();
              });
          });
      });
  });

  it('should not be able to delete an Event if not signed in', function (done) {
    // Set Event user
    event.user = user;

    // Create new Event model instance
    var eventObj = new Event(event);

    // Save the Event
    eventObj.save(function () {
      // Try deleting Event
      request(app).delete('/api/events/' + eventObj._id)
        .expect(403)
        .end(function (eventDeleteErr, eventDeleteRes) {
          // Set message assertion
          (eventDeleteRes.body.message).should.match('User is not authorized');

          // Handle Event error error
          done(eventDeleteErr);
        });

    });
  });

  it('should be able to get a single Event that has an orphaned user reference', function (done) {
    // Create orphan user creds
    var _creds = {
      username: 'orphan',
      password: 'M3@n.jsI$Aw3$0m3'
    };

    // Create orphan user
    var _orphan = new User({
      firstName: 'Full',
      lastName: 'Name',
      displayName: 'Full Name',
      email: 'orphan@test.com',
      username: _creds.username,
      password: _creds.password,
      provider: 'local'
    });

    _orphan.save(function (err, orphan) {
      // Handle save error
      if (err) {
        return done(err);
      }

      agent.post('/api/auth/signin')
        .send(_creds)
        .expect(200)
        .end(function (signinErr, signinRes) {
          // Handle signin error
          if (signinErr) {
            return done(signinErr);
          }

          // Get the userId
          var orphanId = orphan._id;

          // Save a new Event
          agent.post('/api/events')
            .send(event)
            .expect(200)
            .end(function (eventSaveErr, eventSaveRes) {
              // Handle Event save error
              if (eventSaveErr) {
                return done(eventSaveErr);
              }

              // Set assertions on new Event
              (eventSaveRes.body.name).should.equal(event.name);
              should.exist(eventSaveRes.body.user);
              should.equal(eventSaveRes.body.user._id, orphanId);

              // force the Event to have an orphaned user reference
              orphan.remove(function () {
                // now signin with valid user
                agent.post('/api/auth/signin')
                  .send(credentials)
                  .expect(200)
                  .end(function (err, res) {
                    // Handle signin error
                    if (err) {
                      return done(err);
                    }

                    // Get the Event
                    agent.get('/api/events/' + eventSaveRes.body._id)
                      .expect(200)
                      .end(function (eventInfoErr, eventInfoRes) {
                        // Handle Event error
                        if (eventInfoErr) {
                          return done(eventInfoErr);
                        }

                        // Set assertions
                        (eventInfoRes.body._id).should.equal(eventSaveRes.body._id);
                        (eventInfoRes.body.name).should.equal(event.name);
                        should.equal(eventInfoRes.body.user, undefined);

                        // Call the assertion callback
                        done();
                      });
                  });
              });
            });
        });
    });
  });

  afterEach(function (done) {
    User.remove().exec(function () {
      Event.remove().exec(done);
    });
  });
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Complete PDF
The term political economy has fallen in and out of fashion as a social discipline since the founding of the field in the 18th century. Since the 1980s, the term has seen its rise once again as social scientists try to explain the actions and choices by political actors as seen through a lens focused on the state's economy and its international relations. The field attempts to answer questions that political science deals with but uses more macro-economic and micro-economic data to back up the field's theory and hypothesis. What are the causes of state dissolution? How does culture evolve? Where do the origins of political institutions start? These are all important questions because they seek to understand the world as the interconnected society that it truly is. The benefits of this field are the capacities to pull from multiple disciplines and put together models and explanations that take into consideration more of the variables that society encounters in its existence. Other fields are beginning to include this interdisciplinary outlook in their specialty area such as history considering the work of anthropologists, communications considering the world of politics and international relations, as well as political science looking towards history to gain a wider understanding of cycles and waves. This is all critical in a world that is increasingly connected through technology. This fifth Kondratiev wave of expansion of information and communication technologies means that the interconnectedness of the world is brought into the home of every human that can connect to the internet. Thus, social sciences will need to continue their integration of different branches so that they may maintain their legitimacy with an ever more globalized population. Without consideration of other fields, a scholar's claims and legitimacy will weaken his or her arguments as the audience will see other connections that could explain the phenomena under review.
The field of history has much to offer other disciplines based on its breadth of knowledge of a massive selection of information that is often overlooked by scholars studying the present day. Today it is not controversial to claim that the growing connections that intertwine the citizens of the world has led to a lessening of the appreciation of our history by a larger portion of the population. Thus history will continue to need to be a field that offers timely and well explained interpretations of the past. This will need to be done by considering how other fields would explain the past as well because most fields are for obvious reasons not as backwards looking as history. Thus the intrinsic focus of research by historians, that is studying events and people that existed before the current generation, can be extremely beneficial for citizens, policy makers, and scientists today.
However, those historians that do not offer their analysis through terms and frames of reference that other fields could understand risk having their work tossed to the wayside by those exact people who might benefit the most from the research. Thus, incorporating various disciplines into historical research, or at least considering their academic viability in explaining past events, will be critical for successful scholarship in the 21st Century.
This paper will attempt to add the dynamic of political economy to a study of rumor in Eastern Africa. The study, Speaking with Vampires: Rumor and History in Colonial Africa by Luise White, attempts to give historical legitimacy to rumor in the context of understanding history in Uganda, Tanzania, Northern Rhodesia, Belgium Congo, and Kenya. White documents evidence from the stories that dealt with the extraction of blood by vampires, conducted by or that the behest of colonial officials. The stories detail kidnappings and murders performed by images of the colonial state: firemen, policemen, game rangers, and doctors.
White is very insistent that these stories are not to be evaluated by historians as causes of other political or economic factors. She intends not to dismiss them as fears of colonialism, technology, or health, as this "strips them of their intensity and their detail" (White 1). If historians explained these stories as African attempts to interpret their world, "it would be to argue that these stories simply deformed actual events and procedures. Such an analysis would turn the resulting history away from these stories and back to the events Africans somehow misunderstood" (White 2). White takes these stories at face-value and attempts to write a colonial history despite their contradictions with archival evidence of the history. She says that these stories "offer historians a glimpse of the world as seen by people who saw boundaries and bodies located and penetrated" (White 2). Despite her assertion that these stories are to be taken at face value only, she says that rumor and gossip reveals another world. The evidence in this world that she presents in her book will change the way historical reconstruction is done is her claim.
This type of research and scholarship flies in the face of the factors explained in the beginning of this paper. The desire to set historical evidence in its own vacuum of history does nothing to advance the understanding of events if other fields and factors that could have contributed to the evidence's creation, dispersion, or content are not considered. Stories and rumors do not evolve without outside stimuli. This is a fact that White acknowledges when she says that the eyewitness accounts that form the basis of her work were explaining what was fearsome and why in the colonial context. Her refusal to consider the Marxist explanation for these stories, that of the capitalist system of colonial extraction of minerals and labor, is confounding because it matches up very well with the evidence that is being presented. She says that the power of these rumors was not based on new and powerful technologies or procedures, but these outside stimuli were actually just ways that reproduced older practices. Despite being a very junior scholar in the field of African history, I have yet to encounter historical evidence that shows similar levels of extraction or the the repositioning of the African into extractive industries in a way that rivaled colonialism. The period between 1885 and the latter part of the 20th century undermined the African way of life and all of the social bonds that had existed before colonialism and remade the African continent in a way that suited its European masters. The redrawing of borders, the mass removal of African men to work in colonial plantations in the new world, the widespread use of African labor to engage in mining activities, and the displacement of rural farmers who were the backbone of many African economies all had debilitating effects on the continent that are still seen in present day. This rearrangement of society has no historical comparison on the same scale on the continent. While White can argue that Africans attempted to understand these new processes through previous understandings and through a lens of their own culture, their reactions are not necessarily unique to the cultures found on the continent. To say that the experiences of Africans under colonialism differed greatly than all others who suffered European domination is to discount humanity's universal reaction to repression and exploitation. All cultures sought to understand the effects of colonialism, and while the colonial experience had different variations around the world, the experience of subjugation, extraction, and exploitation were near universal. Their unique reactions and explanations to the experience gives us insight into their cultures as well as the social character responded to specific political and economic events. Without understanding what these cultures were reacting to, we as academics only receive half of the story. These reactions in East Africa need to be studied together with the stimuli that precipitated their rise.
This paper will seek to add to White's evidence through the discipline of political economy. It will consider the timing of rumor and the forces at work during the time frame that may explain their causes and rampancy. This does not completely invalidate White's findings, as the undercurrent of her work is historically relevant, but it seeks to place a larger framework over her data that can help us understand why rumors surfaced when they did. Specifically this paper will look at economic cycles in Kenya and attempt to see how the proliferation of rumor and gossip syncs with the cyclical nature of the economy. The evidence White presents in her book has been coded and will be paired with economic depressions in Colonial Kenya in the 20th century. It will attempt to tease out a connection between the economy and the rise and propagation of rumor.
Colonial Kenya endured three major economic depressions before the change to majority rule in 1963, the first two of which are relevant to White's time frame. The first crisis, from 1919 to 1922 was a result of the economic depression that came from the fallout of the Great War in Europe. The second, from 1930 to 1933 saw earnings from exports drop significantly as the entire world entered a depression facilitated by the American stock exchange crash in 1929 (Ochieng and Maxon). As displayed by these crisis, economic events in Kenya were often connected to outside triggers. This is obvious to anyone with knowledge of colonial Africa, as the colonies were financed by the Colonial Offices of their European powers, and were often interconnected in trade and finances. Often times, the interconnection was so strong that the economies of the Colonizer and the colonized were completely in sync. This is attributable to the bans on exports and imports from non-empire colonies and states. Thus in Kenya, as with Uganda, and in Tanzania (post-World War I) their traders could often only send and receive products to and from the United Kingdom and others colonies in the British Empire. When demand fell in the mother country, exporters, businesses, and colonial governments suffered from the loss of trade.
This paper will thus divide into three parts, the first two studying the effects of the two economic depressions in colonial Kenya and examining the historical accounts that White provides in those time frames. The third part will examine rumor and gossip in order to find their meaning for society and when they are used as a tool of socialization. The goal is to observe how the increased use of rumor and gossip link up with economic and political events.
In order to place White's vampire stories in a comparison against economic and political events in Kenya, there was a need to code these stories by location and by date. Her first two sections proved extremely rich in data about Kenya, while the third part of her book dealt with issues and places less associated with Kenya and the wazimamoto's that took African's blood. Each story about vampires in Kenya (as well as those specifically about vampires in surrounding areas) were coded by the year the interviewee mentioned as the event taking place. The difficult part was the references to wide swaths of time, such as the '1920s'. Instead of discounting these references because of their temporal anomaly, all years in the time frame mentioned were credited with an 'event'. Thus a historical timeline of events can be tracked. Both timelines, the 'Kenya-only' (Figure 1) and the "Kenya+" (Figure 2) graphs are found at the end of this paper. Additionally, data used from Paul Mosley's The Settler Economies was entered into a graph that could be compared with the data sets from White (Figure 3). The part of Mosley's data that was chosen as an economic indicator for Kenya was the 'African agricultural export per head by export price of bag of maize'. This is not the most ideal indicator, but of the sets that had the most complete data for this timeframe, this indicator can be seen as a quasi-gross domestic product of Africans. With the majority of Africans engaged in agricultural production, whether on their own or under the supervision of white settlers, a representation of the African output during this time would be agricultural produce. Additionally, with the data in relation to the export price, the measure includes the economic atmosphere that would have been present in each year studied. This means how the economy affected Africans' 'pocket-books' can be measured by proxy.
Post World War I
With the effects that World War I had on societal relationships between the Europeans and Africans well established in the literature, an analysis of the political and economic events following the war might add understanding to White's vampires. Of particular note is the spike in vampire stories after the war's conclusion. Why might this have occurred at this time? Numerous sources for White's work point to the start of the 'time of vampires' at the start of the 1920s. This period is of much interest to her study because of the reconfigurations, both political and economic, that are happening in this time.
It is following the war that the British Empire is able to retrain is focus on its colonies in the early 1920s and this matches up to White's spike in vampire reports (Figure 1). It should be of no surprise that stories of vampires surfaced during this time as spacial and labor realignments were occurring between African and European. This realignment was compounded by the world depression of 1920-1922. Kenya's export earnings dropped sharply during this time (Ochieng 71). Like many colonies, the loss of funds was supported by increased taxes on Africans. The common method was establishing a tax (hut and poll taxes were used in Kenya) on Africans that forced them into the wage labor market and into the welcoming arms of farmers and industry who then had the upper hand when it came to setting wages (Zamani 266). This was disruptive to the export industry as the majority of Kenya's export revenue before 1920 had come from African produce (Swainson 33). The period of the 1920s thus left less Africans on the land, which was compounded by the fact that commodity prices for African goods remained stagnate between 1922 and 1938.
The decreased earnings for the colony meant contractions on living conditions for all people of the colony, but like most economic hardships, the poorest of society receives the brunt of the burden. This period of moving off the land and into European or urban areas saw an increase in the number of vampire stories, and it is notable that many of those Kenyans that White interviewed said the time of the vampires, or at least the stories of them, began during this period of economy reshuffling and migration off the land.
On the political side, 1920 was the year Kenya transitioned from a protectorate to a Crown colony and thus officially sanctioned the period of settler control in Kenya (Swainson 22). This increase in settler population would have the obvious effects on Kenya: more demand for government resources and more competition for African labor. This expansion of government expenditure to support the settler had the predictable effect of leading to large budget deficits. As a result, the Colonial Office in London advised the colonial government to increase the production of Africans as a means of stimulating the economy. However, the political power of the settlers had increased with their population, and thus a balance had to be struck between the two economies. African peasant production was the method employed, and a strategy that was officially called the Dual Policy was implemented after 1922. While African production was aided, it could not compete with the cash crops (coffee and sisal) that were grown by the settlers (Ochieng 71-71).
It should be noted that as Kenya was able to recover from the economic straits of the early 1920s and enjoy the benefits of the 'roaring '20s' the number of vampire stories reported by White fell. The themes of the vampire stories, kidnapping and extraction fit well with the actions by the colonial state were taking in response to the economic crisis. With labor needed by settler farms, the ability to capture (in a figurative sense) African laborers was a critical component in maintaining economic viability of the settler farms. Additionally, the increased presence of white settlers through immigration and their power in society was increasing during this time. While I have yet to come across the story of Africans being literally snatched by white settlers to work on their farms, the vampire stories do an excellent job of relating what Africans saw happening in the economy to traditional stories of abductions by vampires or other-worldly creatures. The concept of supply and demand is expressed through these stories even if Africans did not acknowledge the concept directly. This is a key part that White could have incorporated into her understandings of the stories. Not only did they relate to the economic extraction that was colonial policy across Africa, but these stories responded to conditions as they were happening!
The Great Depression and Kenya
The second economic crisis in Kenya followed closely the depression caused by the crash of the American stock exchange in 1929. The far reaching effects of this shock are historical lore, but its African effects are less widely known. On the continent, the external trade of African colonies fell by 42% during the depression (Ochieng 236). In Kenya specifically, imports fell nearly 60% from the peak to the bottoming out. In response, beginning in 1930 a policy of retrenchment was in full swing in the British Colonies (Swainson 23). The addition of price controls and quantity quotas did not allow the cheaper prices of Kenya's exports to benefit from the crash as most countries would have. Thus Kenya was part of the worldwide increase in economic protectionism that only worsened the depression.
As a result of the increased market protection around the world, in just three years export values dropped by £3.4 million in 1930 to £1.9 million in 1933. Additionally, overall imports and exports saw a notable decrease in 1929 that lasted until the mid 1930s (Swainson 46 and 47). It should be pointed out that the number of White's vampire stories also increase during the early 1930s (Figure 1 & 2). The connection between the worldwide economic decline in the 1930s, like that in the early 1920s, and the number of vampire stories should be noted as increasingly suspicious in how related they are to one another. The seriousness of this economic crisis resulted in the Dual Policy being implemented again as it was in the 1920s. This time, due to the brink of collapse of the export industry, Africans were allowed to grow coffee for the first time, in addition to better seeds being distributed (Ochieng 72).
The political scene of the crisis mirrored the 1920s in that settlers were able to use the events to strengthen their own power. During the 1930s it was noted by the British Colonial Office that the economy of Kenya was being meddled with by the government to suit the interests of the settlers. The Colonial Office was adopting more free enterprise policies (within the Empire) at this time and commented with dissatisfaction that the settlers had gained political power that was more than what their contribution to the economy would suggest (Swainson 24). Each time the colonial office would make a demand in policy change, the settlers were able to rebuff their advances, in one case by threatening a coup d'état and warning they would establish settler self-government. This strength of settler power would only increase until the coming of independence.
Discussed in the previous section was the link between literal and figurative abductions in the 1920s. It made the point that vampire stories were not necessarily based on actual kidnapping. However, in the early 1930s, a substantial increase (75-100%) in the number of Africans that were convicted under the Native Registration Ordinance occurred. This law was first passed in 1915, but only came into effect in 1920 (Berman 147). It required every African male to register at a colonial administrative office and be finger printed and given a certificate, the kipande, essentially a 'pass' in the South African sense. Relevant to my study is the fact that enforcement of the law in urban areas was done by the Kenya Police and in the rural areas by the tribal police, who were under control of the district administrators enforced the law (Berman 148). This lines up with many of the descriptions in White's book about police and firemen 'kidnapping' people. This is likely an explanation of locals who saw other Africans being hauled away by white police or black employees for what would seem to be wandering into the wrong area (in fact it could have been the case that man lacked a kipande). White quoted one of her interviewees:
"There were some Europeans who would come and capture Africans… Any human being except whites could fall victim; it depended on luck. Whites never fell victim because they were the masters….They captured everybody, they did not discriminate against any race…but I never heard that they took Europeans." (53)
Another example White gives that can be seen through the lens of policy is the co-opting of Africans into the colonial power structure as part of law enforcement. Another would be the way of describing those who left the rural areas to take jobs on settler farms or urban areas. This specific example below, that of the training for the police force, when viewed through the perspective of the enforcement of the Native Registration Ordinance the story seems to be a retelling of the policy but through a vampire narrative:
"When one joined the police force… in those olden days, he would undergo the initial training of bloodsucking.… During the day, we were police recruits. Immediately after sunset, we started the job of manhunting…we would leave the station in a group of four and one white man, who was in charge…When we saw a person, we would lie down and ambush him. We would then take the captured person back to the waiting vehicle" (65).
Here, White concentrates on the method of transportation and the use of the vehicle that is described in further detail, but, as is her method, accepts the story at face value and does not add any explanation to the story. This method of history writing certainly is unique, but what is history if not an understanding of the events that happened before? Understanding cannot be gained without an analysis of the microcosm that is under research. With the two major spikes in the occurrence of vampire stories coinciding with major economic crisis in the Kenya Colony there is a connection that is left unexplored in White's work.
Gossip and socialization
With all these economic and political changes happening in Kenya and the rest of the continent, members of these political economies were bound to respond to the new policies and technologies through previously understood narratives. Despite the economic and political synchronization with the prevalence of vampire stories, this has not yet explained why rumor and gossip were the outcomes of this political and economic upheaval. However, when rumor and gossip are understood in the context of the society as a whole, we see a greater link between the uncertainty that these socio-economic factors caused and the spread of vampire stories.
The use of gossip in socialization studies is seen as a means of social control (Molvaer 226). It can show the divisions in classes, with the 'lower class' gossiping about the 'higher classes' and vice versa. With Kenyans moving to the urban areas, a social divide was emerging that had to be explained by those who had not encountered such phenomena before (Zamani 279). Moral views are strengthened by scandal and gossip, which can be passed on to the younger generation. It can be seen as a response to a way of life that was under attack by white settlers and the colonial government. In the telling of gossip, listeners are thus integrated into society and the overall community's identity is strengthened by the moral shock that is produced by hearing gossip. It can also be used to highlight indiscretions of a individual or group that is envied or seen as committing illicit acts in society. Thus the two pronged nature of gossip, that is to fortify accepted values and denigrate outsiders, can have a profound effect when it is paired with rumor. Rumors have been used by political leaders to disseminate information through 'approved' rumors but can also be used to disrupt controlled regimes (Molvaer 227-229). Interestingly for this analysis of White, Molvaer writes that rumor can be used to "build up the common man's view of his immediate surroundings and perhaps of his nation" (229). Molvaer groups rumor and gossip into his overall category of verbal means of socialization and social control. While his study focused on Ethiopia, the findings are relevant to Kenya. With the society rearranging between urban and rural, those transversing between the two worlds had to explain the new mechanisms that they were encountering.
Africans were the lower class in colonial Kenya, as they were across the continent. They were racially segregated from the Europeans and the Indians in Kenya. Their little knowledge of these 'others' was based on their encounters through the economy. In fact, one of White's sources says that the vampire stories began "in Nairobi when racial segregation was also there." (White 79).
Both Europeans and Indians were engaged in trade and extraction in the colony and both brought practices and technology that were previously unseen by locals. In the case of Europeans, the state bureaucracy and social services were in a form that differed from how society existed in pre-colonial Kenya. The extraction of minerals and people from the land were inextricable from the state functions. Thus it is not surprising that rumors and gossip in Eastern Africa focused on the extractive process of blood sucking. It clearly represents the new economy that was faced by East Africans. The lack of impetus on the part of the colonist to explain much of any part of the European economy to the locals meant that Africans were left to come up with their own interpretations. We see these rumors paired with an industry already well known to East Africans, that of slavery and the kidnappings that occurred by Arab, African, and European slavers in addition to the mythology of the supernatural that existed in society. This concept of capturing Africans to extract their blood and leave them in a daze or dead seems to be a perfect representation of the political economy that now threatened a traditional way of life.
Loise White's scholarship in the arena of rumor and gossip is a profound look at the way Africans may have interpreted European contact and technologies. However, rumor and gossip is only one part of the narrative in East Africa. Pairing the stories of vampires, blood sucking, and kidnappings with events occurring in the political economy adds a substantial level of understanding to White's work. During the interwar period in Kenya two major economic and political crisis took place. They were caused by many factors but the outcomes from these crisis left more power in the hands of white settlers and more displacement and subjugation of the Africans. Power structures were rewritten in this time and Africans needed a framework to explain the changes in ways that had cultural relevance. The explanations for the extraction of wealth from the land and the removal of Africans from their land by economic incentives found their voice in rumors and gossip about vampires and the process of blood sucking. The increase in the recordings of these stories and the localization of these events in time periods that closely correlate with these economic and political changes should encourage historians to take a deeper look at the political economy of the history in question. These correlations appear to be more than spurious, and thus future historians building on White's scholarship would do well to place these stories of vampires in a framework of political economy in order to give a well-rounded explanation of the history of East Africa.
Berman, Bruce. Control and Crisis in Colonial Kenya. London; James Currey, 1990.
Gatheru, R. Mugo. Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888-1970. London; McFarland & Company Inc Publishers, 2005.
Hill, M.F. The Dual Policy in Kenya. Nakuru, Kenya Colony; The Highland Printing Press, 1944.
Jørgensen, Jan Jelmert. Uganda: A Modern History. London; Croom Helm, 1981.
Lewis, Joanna. Empire State-Building: War and Welfare in Kenya. Athens, Ohio; Ohio University Press, 2000.
Leys, Colin. Underdevelopment in Kenya: The Political Economy of Neo-Colonialism 1964-1971. Berkeley; University of California Press, 1975.
Molvaer, Reidulf Knut. Socialization and social control in Ethiopia. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag; 1995.
Mosley, Paul. The Settler Economies: Studies in the economic history of Kenya and Southern Rhodesia 1900-1963. Cambridge; Cambridge University Press, 1983.
Ochieng', William R., ed. Themes in Kenyan History. London; James Currey, 1990.
Ochieng', Wiliam Robert and Robert M. Maxon. An Economic History of Kenya. Nairobi; East African Educational Publishers, 1992.
Swainson, Nicola. The Development of Corporate Capitalism in Kenya, 1918-1977. Berkeley; University of California Press, 1980.
Wolff, Richard D. The Economics of Colonialism: Britain and Kenya, 1870-1930. New Haven; Yale University Press, 1974.
Zamani, A Survey of East African History. Ogot, B A, ed.. Kenya; Longman, 1968.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Franchitti Wins Indy 500
Updated Apr. 21, 2017 4:58PM ET / Published May. 27, 2012 5:27PM ET
Robert Laberge / Getty Images
Dario Franchitti overtook Takuma Sato in the Indianapolis 500 for his third win in five years. The race had a record 35 lead changes and Franchitti drove an average of 167.734 miles per hour. In his victory interview he told reporters he paid homage to last year's winner, Dan Wheldon, who died in an accident in Las Vegas last October. "To be on this trophy on either side of Dan, that means more than anything," Franchitti told reporters.
Read it at The New York Times


God's New Message on "The Gift"
"The New Message from God gives the individual tremendous power. It redirects your focus to the great endowment of Knowledge that the Creator of all life has placed within each person. If this Knowledge can be discovered, experienced, accepted and followed, then the individual will be able to establish a whole new foundation for living in the world. But this brings up the question of how much a person is responsible for their own experience, particularly before Knowledge can arise within them.
Today, as in times past, there is a great deal of discussion about the creative potential of the mind, how much you can affect your own experience by changing or redirecting your thinking, by affirming that which you desire and by overlooking or setting aside that which you do not desire.
Without Knowledge, the Great Endowment, to guide you, the mind will attempt to create its own reality, and you have only to look at the condition of the world to see the effects of this. People striving to get what they want, people striving to protect what they have, people striving to protect their privileges in life or to gain these privileges or to take them away from others, even people's desires for justice—all these things have created immense suffering and calamity, not only for the individuals involved, but for the entire world."
An excellent audio on The Gift, I can only recommend to listen and hear the message.


Miracle Gel Spray (MGS) is a water soluble, variable hold styling product. The state of the art ingredients produce results that are nothing short of miraculous on all types of hair! Cutting edge polymers resist humidity, add shine and allow for a light to firm hold. A heavenly combination of Fennel and Sunflower Seed Extracts eliminates excess ammonia and peroxide residues left behind after a color service. MGS's healing Hawaiian Kukui Seed Oil and Panthenol nourish the scalp while moisturizing the hairand thickening it. The hair moves naturally with MGS, keeping straight hair straight and increasing curl retention on curly heads. MGS will not weigh the style down even as it extends the vibrancy and life of any hair color.
Rose, Chamomile and Sage Extracts further help to hold natural and artificial color in the hair. Avocado Oil is the miracle of the cosmetic oil world. It has a natural source of amino acid proteins that strengthen the hair. It is also a super antioxidant and is high in monosaturated fats and Vitamin E, restoring moisture to overworked hair.
For a wet, high shine look, spray MGS onto towel dried hair, style and let dry naturally. For body & control, spray onto towel dried hair and style with a blow dryer. Spray into wet hair before roller setting for a bouncy, natural style. Reactivate your style by either spraying MGS or misting water on the areas that need to be refreshed.


Track Your Sleep to Optimize Your Life | Harpreet Rai on Health Theory - Super Inspired Now!
This weeks guest on Health Theory is Harpreet Rai. Harpreet is an entrepreneur and the CEO of Oura Ring. In this episode he talks about how to improve your sleep through tracking, how sleep improves your focus and his tips for losing weight.


Goa Public Service Commission is going to recruit fresher candidates in India for Junior Orthopaedic Surgeon Posts. So, those candidates who are willing to work with this organization they May apply for this post. Last Date of Apply 28-July-2017. Total numbers of vacancies are 10 Posts. Only those candidates are eligible who have passed Medical qualification included in the First or the Second Schedule or Part II of the Third Schedule (other than Licentiate qualification) to the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 (Central Act 102 of 1956). Indian citizen having age in between 20 to 45 years can apply for this Goa Public Service Commission Recruitment 2017.
Educational Criteria: Only those candidates are eligible who have passed Medical qualification included in the First or the Second Schedule or Part II of the Third Schedule (other than Licentiate qualification) to the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 (Central Act 102 of 1956).


text:
Turkish protests become personal for one local student
Dan Yarnall Central Bucks South High School
It's about more than a park now.
On May 28, Turkish residents gathered peacefully at Gezi Park in Taksim Square, Istanbul, to protest the park's demolition to make way for a new mosque to be constructed in the square.
The situation escalated when riot police came to remove the protesters through the use of water cannons and tear gas.
Solidarity protests have erupted in Istanbul and other cities throughout Turkey. The park has been a focal point of the protests, which express public outcry over the decreasing secularization of the Turkish state and the lack of a voice the people have in the government, thanks to conservative Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
The government has since admitted the police overreacted on May 28. But clashes with the police have not stopped, including a notable attempt to clear Taksim Square through the usage of water cannons, tear gas and rubber bullets.
The crowd responded by throwing "fireworks, fire bombs and stones at police," according to the BBC. As of Tuesday, "three people have died and more than 5,000 have been injured," BBC News reported.
I had the chance to sit down with CB South sophomore and Turkish citizen Deniz Tunceli for his opinions and connection to the ongoing protests in his home country.
Q: What is your connection to the protests in Turkey?
A: I have family in Turkey. I have not participated in any protests personally, but I have watched closely.
Q: What have you seen of the protests?
A: I've seen through the media many, many Turkish people rallying for one cause. I've seen the police use brutal tactics such as tear gas, rubber bullets and hoses.
Q: What is your opinion of them (the protests)?
A: I'm glad they've finally gotten international attention on an issue of the Turkish people. It's no longer about Gezi Park; it's about democracy.
Q: Have you liked the amount of coverage this story has gotten from the media in both America and Turkey?
A: Today (June 11), there have been a lot of developments, so the American media has been all over it. However, the main Turkish media outlets have not done an adequate job in their coverage.
Q: Do you know anyone personally who has been involved with a protest over in Turkey?
A: I think my uncle is protesting.
Q: How does your family in Turkey feel about the situation?
A: I haven't talked to them personally, but my family in Turkey supports democracy and secularization.
Q: You went to a demonstration recently, correct?
A: Yes, I attended a small demonstration in Washington, D.C., in front of the White House.
Q: What was the atmosphere like there?
A: It was not of the same caliber as the protests over in Turkey. It was a predominantly Turkish crowd of 200 to 300 people. There were a few people who gave speeches on how the voices of the people are being silenced and we have to stand up and give them the voice they deserve.
Q: How do you think the protests have been handled?
A: The police have been very brutal and ineffective. They have only increased the amount of protests.
Q: Would you liken this to the Arab Spring in 2011-2012?
A: The scenario here is very different. Erdogan is not a dictator; he is an Islamist conservative, but his governing has leaned toward the political right.


The Georgia Crisis: A New Cold War on the Horizon?
Split in the Russian Political Tandem Putin-Medvedev?
Licensing Afghanistan's opium: solution or fallacy?
"The current trend of the Kremlin is to rather formally distance itself from the North Caucasus", Interview with Dr. Emil Souleimanov , Charles University, Prague.
The End of the Frozen Cold War?
Resolving Post-Soviet "Frozen Conflicts": Is Regional Integration Helpful?
Russia's National Security Strategy to 2020: A Great Power in the Making?


text:
Ohio State Caps Off Brilliant QCTU With Dominant Final
February 10, 2014 by Erin Wiltgen in News, Recap with 1 comments
Photo by Kevin Leclaire — UltiPhotos.com
After a hyper-competitive weekend, #9 Ohio State Fever and #19 Northeastern Valkyrie stood undefeated and prepared to battle it out for the Queen City Tune Up title. The game quickly became a saga of unforced errors. Northeastern couldn't control the drops and throwaways—nor could they stop the momentum of a red hot Ohio State.
Fever crushed the Valkyries 15-4 in Queen City Tune-Up's 2014 women's final, ending Ohio State's weekend on a high note.
"I think the final was a tribute to the fact that we're trying to improve our Sunday play," Ohio State Coach DeAnna Ball said. "So the fact that we were able to come out strong at the beginning of the game—we faltered a little bit. We had some turns, but once we were able to clarify those turns, we got our legs underneath us and got moving."
Top seeded Ohio State went up early, snagging a 2-0 lead before Northeastern battled back to tie. Both squads mixed up the defense, throwing both zone and man to keep the offenses on their toes.
After the first few points, OSU began to pull away, capitalizing on Valkyrie drops and using a clean, crisp offense whose seemingly perpetual motion eventually found the end zone.
Ohio State quickly retook the two-break lead to go up 5-2. Though Northeastern gained one back—using a poach D to regain an offensive point and prevent another break— Fever kept on relentlessly chugging.
"The game did not go very well," Northeastern Coach Jason Adams said. "We really didn't put our best foot forward in that game. We kind of ran out of gas a little bit. A lot of high-level play this weekend, which was awesome, but we didn't quite have it, and Ohio State looked great."
Fever had turnovers of their own, but each time, the Columbus women seemed to work even harder to get the disc back. OSU swung the disc around in the zone O, using poppers to split the wings and find openings behind the cup, up the sideline or in the middle of the field.
Three Northeastern throwaways in a row allowed Ohio State to put in a series of quick scores and take half 8-3.
The Valkyries had chances in the first half, generating turns of their own with run-through Ds and hard pressure, but they couldn't convert the change in possession into a score, and Ohio State continued to chip away.
In the second half, Northeastern continued to look frazzled, running a cluttered offense that sharply contrasted with the seamless flow of earlier in the day. Several throwaways—either passes that sailed over receivers' heads or discs shot into a poach—put the count at 11-3 less than 10 minutes out of the break.
Even when the Valkyries began to muster some offensive rhythm, Fever stepped up their defensive play. Another Northeastern drop led to another easy Fever score, widening the gap to 12-3, then 13-3.
Northeastern was notably stagnant downfield. The throwers were unable to break the mark to spread the disc, and Ohio State managed to poach off just enough into the lane of the vertical stack to create chaos. After a tipped dump pass generated another turn, OSU settled into its fast-break offense for another point.
Fever closed out the game with a series of easy breaks to win 15-4.
And Ohio State cruised the whole weekend, brushing through pool play with barely a dent. They breezed by Kansas in quarters, as well, but stalled a bit in the semifinals against Central Florida. The southern team gave Fever a run for their money, scoring eight before Ohio State managed to score on a break and secure a 10-8 victory.
Still, Ball said she hadn't necessarily expected such smooth sailing.
"I would be lying if I didn't say I was a little bit surprised," she said. "It's early, so we don't expect to play so cleanly and go for that undefeated mark. But I'm really happy with the things we saw with our team this weekend. I think we saw some new things that we've been working on at practice but haven't been able to test yet."
For their part, the Valkyries were proud of their second-place finish—even though it's never fun to lose. Their players overcame several obstacles, rising from a third-seeded team in a tough pool to oust both Carleton and Iowa State and snag the top spot. In quarters, Northeastern bested regional rival Tufts 12-10; Adams said that particular opponent has had the upper hand for the past few years.
In the semifinals, the Valkyries faced a wiped-out Virginia coming off a win over UNC-Chapel Hill on universe; Northeastern managed to take control early and seal the win.
"I thought we had a chance to play very well; I thought we had a good team," said Adams. "But I didn't expect to do this well."
Erin Wiltgen
Erin Wiltgen is an Ultiworld contributor. She played in college for the University of North Carolina and most recently played club for North Carolina Phoenix. Erin is a professional journalist for a local Triangle paper and lives in Chapel Hill.
TAGGED: College, New England, Northeastern, Ohio State, Ohio Valley, Queen City Tune Up, Women's
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Comments on "Ohio State Caps Off Brilliant QCTU With Dominant Final"


"We are not playing," said the special envoy of the White House for Venezuela to President Nicolás Maduro.
The special envoy of Washington for Venezuela, Elliott Abrams, said on Friday that "Russia will pay a price" for its support to the Government of Nicolás Maduro. In an interview with the BBC, Abrams responded to the news about the presence of Russian military in Venezuela, confirmed by Moscow in the framework of an existing treaty of technical-military collaboration between the two nations, which was signed in 2001.
The security adviser asked not to take it as "a joke", "something symbolic" or "that means nothing" the statements of the Donald Trump government that "all options" are on the table in the Venezuelan case.
Moments later, the US special envoy for Venezuela declared that the US authorities have "a list of options" regarding the measures that Washington can put in place to respond to the presence of Russian soldiers in Venezuelan territory, so "it would be a mistake for Russia to think that it has freedom of action" in that Latin American country.
Along the same lines, the US National Security Adviser, John Bolton, issued a statement on Friday, stating that the White House "condemns the continued use of foreign military personnel" in Venezuela.
Bolton's statement comes in sync with the statements made by Trump last Wednesday, who said that the Russian military should leave Venezuela and reiterated that " all options " are open for that to happen.
For its part, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia reported on Tuesday that Russian specialists are in Venezuelan territory" in strict accordance with the Constitution of that country and with full respect for its legislative standards," according to its spokeswoman, Maria Zajárova.
Referring to Washington's demand that Russia leave the South American country, Zajárova said that "it is an arrogant attempt to dictate to two sovereign States how to build relationships." "Neither Russia nor Venezuela are US provinces ," he added.


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The campgrounds in the Munising area will help you relax after a long day of sightseeing or hiking in the Upper Peninsula wilderness. From rustic camping to full hook-up sites, our local campgrounds will be able to accommodate you. Take a moment to browse some of the options below.
Located just 3 miles from downtown Munising, our campground offers large sites with choice of hook-ups, rustic sites and camping cabins. The perfect choice for an unforgettable camping experience!
Take a Break on the Lake! The new Manistique Campground provides the ideal setting for today's camping experience. Whether you want full amenities with convenient pull through sites, or rustic camping, Manistique Campground has it all. Located on beautiful Lake Michigan, Manistique Campground is within an easy driving distance of many unique attractions: Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, beaches, golfing, lighthouses, waterfalls, winery, Kitch-iti-Kipi (The Big Spring), Manistique Boardwalk and River Walk, and local shops.
Located in the Hiawatha National Forest and minutes from Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore is Otter Lake Campground. Camping sites and lodge rentals available. All campsites have easy access to Otter Lake. Fishing is also a popular activity on the lake – paddle and row boats are available for rent. This well-maintained campground offers new shower house, playground, coin laundry, dump station and camp store. 77 sites – tent, RV and group. Black Bear (6-bedroom) cabin rental available.


Hooking schools to the National Grid for Learning is to be backed by an "expert team" of six. Peter Peacock, the Deputy Children and Education Minister, said they would advise on the best educational use of ICT and provide liaison with central government.
The experts would provide key support in ensuring the Government's targets of one computer for every five secondary pupils and eight primary pupils are met.
The team are John Dickie, who worked with Tesco on its SchoolNet 2000 project, Alan Dawson, of Strathclyde University library, Jack Davidson, consultant with the technology council, Anne Petry, a specialist in IT for community learning, Nick Morgan, the Scottish Virtual Teacher Centre manager, and Patricia Kemp, formerly with the technology council advising on curricular software.


I currently own my own fitness studio in Elizabeth City, NC, called Dollar Fitness. It is primarily a personal training studio but also has a group exercise and gym use program. The niche is the affordable prices.
I am also an adjunct professor at Elizabeth City State University where I teach a variety of classes in the Health and Physical Education Department. My classes include: Step Aerobics, Intramural Sport, Folk Dance, Health Concepts, Modified Exercise & Activities and Water Aerobics.
Formerly I was a wellness program manager at a hospital in Elizabeth City, NC. In addition, I have produced 3 exercise videos, my website address is: www.veldaerobics.com. I have been in the fitness industry for more than 25 years. I lived and worked at Rancho La Puerta in Tecate, Mexico for many years.


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If you are an alumn of Seneca High you should register now in the alumni directory. We also encourage you to interact with the rest of the alumni on this site. You can find old friends, share photos and stay updated on the latest school news.


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Misool Baseftin Foundation
Defending the Heart of Marine Biodiversity
Oceans/Coasts
Describe the problem
Rampant shark finning and unchecked destructive fishing were destroying some of the most important and bio-diverse reefs on earth. Misool Eco Resort (MER) and Misool Baseftin Foundation joined with the local communities to put a stop to it. In 2005, MER achieved a remarkable feat of conservation and secured a lease from these communities to establish a Marine Conservation Agreement (MCA) covering 36,600-hectares, where fishing and all extractive practices are strictly prohibited. Having successfully abated the threats in the Batbitim MCA, in 2010 Misool Baseftin expanded the area to include a new 40,300-hectare MCA in the adjacent Daram Islands. In concert with The Nature Conservancy and WildAid, they are working to establisha series of MCAs in the Southeast Misool MPA of Raja Ampat.
Biodiversity Impact
With support from WildAid, monitoring and regular patrols have eliminated shark finning, turtle hunting, all fishing activities and any destructive extractive practices. The entire reef ecology is now protected & previously depleted stocks of vulnerable marine species are recovering. In the adjacent Batbitim MCA, recovery of these targeted species in the past five years has been remarkable. In the past, outside fishermen regularly exploitedthe Daram MCA area without the permission of the local community. These encroachments were in direct conflict with local tenancy laws, but the community was powerless to stop them.As the live reef fish trade expanded to Raja Ampat, the stocks of reef fish began to plummet. For these reasons, the community viewed these activities as outright theft of their resources & asked for Misool Baseftin's help to stop them. The region has a long-standing tradition of fishing seasons (Sasi) in which the local villages periodically "open" and "close" fishing areas to replenish marine stocks. Given their history with"Sasi", the communities have direct experience with the benefits of "spillover" from the MCA area. They also appreciate that healthy reefs increase future economic opportunities through dive ecotourism. The Daram MCA creates a solution for the long-term health of their reefs and fish stocks, with the spillover effect to surrounding waters offering sustainable and abundant fish catches for the villagers. Fishermen already report noticeable increases in both size and quantity of catches outside the boundaries of the Batbitim MCA.
Historically, Daram served as base for outside fishermen who set up camps and destructively fished throughout the region. These fishermen engaged in illegal fishing, shark finning, and turtle/turtle egg harvesting. They levied extreme damage to the reef systems with net fishing, live reef-fish trade, and even dynamite fishing. The Daram MCA is the response to this clear and present danger. The MCA not only creates a legal framework to stop these destructive practices, it also provides for ranger patrols, empowered to enforce the new regulations. In addition, Misool Baseftin, in collaboration with partners, local community leaders, and regional government officials works to: ƒ?› Foster stewardship in local communities, and with local and outside fishermen; ƒ?› Record baseline data of attempts at illegal fishing in the MCA area, and legal fishing in surrounding areas; ƒ?› Ensure that offenders are accountable to the local communities; and, ƒ?› Explore potential collaboration with research institutions interested in the area. Local knowledge, prior experience in managing a marine conservation area, and established relationships with key stakeholders and the regionally active NGOs, combine to ensure Misool Baseftinƒ??s success in managing the Daram MCA. Misool Baseftin is part of the local community, speaks the local language, embraces local culture, and is dedicated to working with the local communities to safeguard the future. In November of 2010, Misool Baseftin played a lead role with the regional government to declare all of Raja Ampat a Shark and Ray Sanctuary. // The Batbitim MCA covers 36,600 hectares of marine areas and the new Daram MCA covers 40,300 hectares. Together, the two MCAs comprise approximately 22% of the 343,200-hectare SE Misool MPA. For the larger Misool MPA, The Nature Conservancyƒ??s Rapid Assessment estimated that on average, 40% of the reefs were considered in ƒ??pristineƒ? condition. In the Daram archipelago, at the far SE corner of the SE Misool MPA, very little formal monitoring work has been conducted. That said, prominent scientists including Conservation Internationalƒ??s Mark Erdmann, have described the reefs in Daram as exceptional and some of the healthiest and most abundant in Raja Ampat. The area is geographically isolated and enjoys a remarkable low population density. The diversity of habitats, including mangroves, reefs, beaches, and deep oceanic corridors, results in a profusion of marine life. The islands of Daram have long beaches that are ideal for nesting turtles. Under the sea surface, an extensive network of pinnacles, ridges and plateaus exists. In some locations, a relatively shallow sea floor is networked with deeper reefs. The reefs and pristine pinnacles are exceptionally healthy with abundant and diverse fish life. We have observed that all of the islands and islets are surrounded by significant reef structures that extend far out across the sea floor. In addition, we have discovered numerous submerged pinnacles and plateaus, all covered in coral reefs. We believe significantly more submerged reef structures exist beyond what we have discovered.
How many years has your solution been applied 6 years // Have others reproduced your solution elsewhere? Yes // Long-term sustainability is the key to managing our solution. To this end, we cultivate lasting relationships with the local community & ensure that they benefit directly from the protection of their marine resources. Community members have enjoyed the success of the original Batbitim MCA since its inception in 2005. Leaders from neighboring villages requested that a similar agreement be made with their community. The resulting Daram MCA offers many benefits for these villages, including lease income, community projects, employment, direct involvement in safeguarding the future of their marine resources, & vital civic pride. Whereas in the past they were dependent upon the extraction of steadily dwindling marine resources, they are now stakeholders in a project that ensures the preservation of their natural surroundings, which are of undisputed scientific significance. The Nature Conservancyis responsible for scientific monitoring in the SE Misool MPA, inside of which the MCAs are located, and Misool Baseftin Foundation provides essential field support to these monitoring efforts. A program targeting key biological, fisheries, oceanographic & socio-economic indicators will be routinely implemented to support the adaptive management of the MPA. Socioeconomic monitoring will be undertaken in 2012 and 2013 with local communities interacting with the SE Misool MPA, & corresponding control sites, including Batbitim and Daram, to measure attitudes & behavior towards marine and coastal resources & resource use, & the contribution of the MPA to human well being.
Human Well Being and Livelihood Impact
We are all aware how rapidly critical marine habitats are being stripped of their resources. Every day without protection is significant. Exacerbating the situation, many regions lack the proper infrastructure to provide economic alternatives to local peoples. Privately managed marine protection strategies fill this gap. Ecotourism, community projects, and lease fees can offer immediate jobs and income to the local community in exchange for the rights to establish MCAs. The communities see immediate benefits from the decision and become advocates and enforcers of the MCA. And finally, because the communities and private enterprise depend upon each other and form long-term relationships, there is a constant daily reminder of the importance of the MCA to the futures of both groups. The villages of Fafanlap& Usaha Jaya, the local communities with legal jurisdiction over the Daram area, benefitsignificantly from the Daram MCA. From a relatively remote and unutilized area, they are now deriving predictable income through a lease fee, payable every five years. But the new protected area brings sustainable jobs as well, and the Village Heads stressed the importance of these long-term benefits. Misool Baseftin is helping the people of these villages by: • Providing employment as rangers in the patrol • Providing employment in the eco resort • Providing training in eco-friendly industries and English; • Building a new community center; • Helping to maintain a thriving marine environment for future generations. // Stewardship of the Daram MCA begins with the appointment of a team of local Rangers. They are all respected members of the communities that hold the rights to Daram. These Rangers are provided with the training, equipment, and support needed to effectively patrol the MCA. Training includes the area's ecology, threats, scuba diving, and enforcement tactics. Leveraging prior experience in the adjacent Batbitim MCA area, an enforcement strategy has been developed that delivers exceptional compliance results in Daram. A combination of lookout posts (under development) and regular patrols, are used to enforce the Daram MCA. Daram is currently patrolled with frequency each week and will be monitored daily when the posts are built. As such, it is expected that the patrol will intercept almost all possible fishermen immediately upon approaching or entering the MCA area. The local Rangers are ambassadors of conservation, and are often the project's most ardent advocates. Their first hand experience with the mutual benefits of conservation, community involvement, and ecotourism is invaluable. They quickly became the project's most valuable outreach tool, as they are best positioned to address any concerns with their communities. We have learned that most MCA-related issues can be resolved within the existing framework of village governance, with our Rangers acting as informed representatives with considerable experience and investment in both arenas.


The house was honored with an Architectural Award from the South Australia Institute of Architects in 2018 in the New Home Category.
This ultra-modern concrete house is tucked into a rural hillside in the township of Heathfield, about 30 minutes from the South Australian coastal capital of Adelaide.
"Heathfield is a rapidly growing suburb in the very desirable area of the Adelaide Hills," listing agent Grant Giordano said.
This Williams Road house "stands largely alone in Adelaide as a symbol of contemporary 21st-century living," he said.
Built in 2012, the house was designed by the Melbourne-based architectural firm Wood Marsh.
Mr. Giordano lauded the "ability of the architects to devise and create something that worked with the natural surrounds, as opposed to becoming a juxtaposition," creating a "green, clean and expansive lifestyle less than 30 minutes from a major metropolitan area."
"The home is defined by sublimely elegant concrete curved exteriors cutting across an undulating landscape," he said. Indoors, the architects created "practical and warm interior spaces ideal for relaxed family living."
The house was honored with an Architectural Award from the South Australia Institute of Architects in 2018 in the New Home Category, he said.
Details include double glazing on all of the windows; under-floor heating in the bathrooms, kitchen, living/dining room, powder room, laundry and hallway; polished concrete floors; a Sonos sound system and internal intercom; and heated towel rails, travertine flooring and mosaic wall tiles in the master bathroom.
The kitchen has a hand-forged Lacanche stove made in France, Arabescato marble bench tops, two dishwashers, and a spacious and separate scullery and pantry.
The 7,812-square-foot house has five bedrooms, four full bathrooms and one partial bathroom. It sits on a 6.47-acre lot.
From Penta: Is It Ethical to Visit the Great Barrier Reef?
Amenities include a double garage, large elevated pool overlooking a hillside landscape with a separate pool house and entertainment pavilion, tennis court, ground-floor retreat or home theater, wine cellar, and two large wood-burning fireplaces. There is also a fully organic and mature produce garden, an orchard and a chicken coop.
Heathfield is "known for leafy green vistas and providing a reprieve from the oppressive Adelaide heat in summer," Mr. Giordano said. It "supports an incredible lifestyle only 30 minutes from Adelaide's central business district."
"The charming Stirling/Aldgate shopping precincts," which feature "trendy cafes and boutique shopping" are "only a five-minute car ride from the residence," he said.


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The 12th running of the Fleet Transport Awards & Networking Event takes place on Thursday 11 October next at the Citywest Hotel, Dublin. Last year just over one thousand people attended the Citywest to see the best in the industry honoured for their endeavours, while availing of an unequalled opportunity to network and liaise with colleagues.
To book your place at the biggest event in the Irish transport calendar please contact our Awards team at awards@fleet.ie | orla@fleet.ie or telephone +353 94 9372819 | 086 2439239.
Fee includes pre-dinner drinks, 4 course dinner, wine Awards presentation.


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February 8, 2021 by dmiller
Sustainability Action Planning – Who is Left Behind?
Main Street, Anytown, USA with Limited Resources – How do they pursue sustainability?
When we look at the sustainability movement today, we see thought leaders worldwide working to address Climate Change with efficient, sustainable best practices and initiatives. Many governments, organizations, and companies are all working hard to test our limits and innovatively lead us to real Sustainable solutions. This is a process-driven roadmap to improve our world's resilience and halt the march toward a warmer planet that would have devastating consequences everywhere. There is certainly room for improvement even at the top of the list of those leading Sustainability efforts. For the most part, however, at the macro-level there is a good understanding of the danger we face and a sense of urgency to address it.
Now look down the list. The sustainability movement does not carry the same weight at the smaller community level as it does at the top. Many communities are left behind without the resources to start sustainability programs. These places can be found across America from small townships up to medium sized cities where it is difficult to internalize the need for Sustainability. Not many industry experts will serve communities stuck at the beginning of the innovation and adoption curve, those who are trailing behind the innovators and early adopters. Why? The effort to influence a community of 500 or 5000 can potentially match the effort spent for large cities of 50,000 to 500,000. It stands to reason that previous Sustainability efforts would focus on leaving the biggest impact, which of course would mean tailoring to the bigger cities. But if the goal is full scale adoption of Sustainability then we must consider that this means bringing as many people as possible under the tent. Technological innovation and the sophistication of our resources continues to make Sustainability more feasible for everyone. Our recent blogs have suggested that the wide scale adoption of the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic is the method of its defeat, and applying that principle to addressing Climate Change should be what we strive for. HlpSum1 believes that there is merit in inspiring everyone to participate.
There were 19,502 incorporated places registered in the United States as of July 31, 2019. 16,410 had a population under 10,000 while, in contrast, only 10 cities had a population of one million or more. Within these communities there are still many individuals that do not believe climate change affects them or that their own impact will be negligible enough to not matter. This segment of the population, typically in smaller communities to mid-size cities will always have trouble internalizing the message of big data, especially around sustainability and environmental impacts. Without a real, personal experience with a threat like this the reality is it will be out of sight, out of mind for many. The COVID-19 pandemic touched every single person around the world in some capacity and as a result the response to it was swift and decisive. Homeowners within the high-threat zones for wildfires in places like California and Australia will have a much different perspective on the global climate change threat than most. Those living on the coasts who must worry about more frequent severe storms and hurricanes feel this as well. Climate refugees will be forced to move to lower-risk communities. Though the effects of climate change may not be as obvious as wildfires and huge storms in Ohio, they are still present, and they will only get worse if actions are not taken. Without the will, the knowledge, and the resources to make change small-town communities will be left behind in the fight to combat climate change and they will suffer the consequences down the road.
The Small-Town Executive's Dilemma
The reality for the small to mid-size towns is that there are many needs in the community and limited resources with which to address them all. With scarce resources, particularly in sparsely populated areas, only basic community services are provided. Maintaining roadways and provisioning for emergency response is a critical focus. Zoning, building permits, public health and governance is typically managed at the county or parish level, so the community officials have little control over funding and direction for main programs. This dilemma is certainly significant, but the town's officials are not to blame for it. HlpSum1 believes that fighting for sustainability is not some pipe dream meant only for big cities and Fortune 500 companies. The question is where to begin? How can we take these ideas, which may initially seem unpopular, unrealistic, or obscure and push forward an agenda that will lead to the betterment of the community without sacrificing political capital and the approval of voters? How do you get more people believing that they can do their part to improve climate resilience?
Stay tuned to this blog. HlpSum1 seeks to become a guiding motivator for professionals, policy makers, and individuals to bring smaller to medium sized communities along the sustainability curve, focusing on an environmental impact mission that improves the lives of others in a tangible way.
About HlpSum1: HlpSum1 is a sustainability consulting firm with a focus on supporting small communities. Derek Miller, author of this post, is a sustainability advocate supporting HlpSum1's mission as a city and regional planning consultant. Derek has teamed up with HlpSum1 to research how leading organizations are approaching sustainability, and use proven business management techniques to create achievable sustainability initiatives for small communities beginning this journey. For more information, please visit www.hlpsum1.com/ for information about sustainability alignment strategies.
Copyright @ 2021 by HlpSum1 Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law.
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September 3, 2019 / Research, General, In the News
Listening to trees: Sharon Doty discusses plant communication in WTA story
Plants are talking, but who is listening? UW School of Environmental and Forest Sciences professor Sharon Doty and her team are paying attention.
In a recent story for the Washington Trails Association's Washington Trails fall 2019 issue, Doty talked about how trees and plants communicate.
August 29, 2019 / Research, General, In the News
Ernesto Alvarado speaks to KING5 News about Amazon wildfires
As record fires raged in South America's Amazon, University of Washington's School of Environmental and Forest Sciences research associate professor Ernesto Alvarado spoke to KING5 News about his time studying the region and what can still be done to save the land.
Assistant professor's work on wildfires west of the Cascades featured on UW News
When it comes to wildfires, Washingtonians often think about the dry, eastern part of the state. While rare, wildfires do happen west of the Cascades, and School of Environmental and Forest Sciences assistant professor Brian J.
August 22, 2019 / General
SEFS student named NASA fellow
A School of Environmental and Forest Sciences student has been named as a recipient of a prestigious NASA fellowship that funds student research projects in the fields of Earth and planetary sciences and astrophysics.
August 21, 2019 / Student, In the News
SEFS Precision Forestry Cooperative welcomes Nanjing University students
The UW School of Environmental and Forest Sciences (SEFS) and its Precision Forestry Cooperative (PFC) are thrilled to welcome students from Nanjing University's School of Geography and Ocean Sciences for a 10-day tour of the Pacific Northwest!
August 13, 2019 / Student, Research, General, In the News
SEFS' scientists working to save Washington's disappearing prairies
For prairies in Washington, the future is bleak. Over the past few hundred years, the state lost nearly all of its prairies, and University of Washington's School of Environmental and Forest Sciences (SEFS) scientists are conducting a study that aims to save them.
July 31, 2019 / Student, General, In the News
Where the wild things are: Campus creatures grab attention
Have you seen these usual suspects around the University of Washington's Seattle campus? Coyotes, raccoons, owls and ducks are just a few of the campus critters UW Facilities have noted recently.
July 26, 2019 / Research, Announcements, Publications, In the News
What city planning and mental health have in common
Almost one in five adults in the U.S. lives with a mental illness. That statistic is similar worldwide, with an estimated 450 million people currently dealing with a mental or neurological disorder.
July 16, 2019 / Student, Announcements, General
Like animals? That's all you need for ESRM 150: Wildlife in the Modern World.
Summer is in full swing, but it's never too early to think about the fall academic quarter. At the School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, we have a wide variety of studies and classes for students across disciplines and schools to take.
July 10, 2019 / Announcements, General, In the News
Prugh to receive 2019 Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers
A School of Environmental and Forest Sciences associate professor is one of six University of Washington professors to receive a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers, according to an announcement July 2 from the White House.


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