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Category Archives: Refinery shutdowns
Fossil fuels, Global warming, Oil and gas industry, Refinery shutdowns
Global Warming Study: We need early shutdowns (premature retirements) of fossil fuel plants
July 15, 2019 Roger Straw
Early Fossil Plant Shutdowns Will Be Needed to Hit 1.5°C Average Warming Target
By Chris Mooney, The Energy Mix, July 14, 2019 [Full Story: Washington Post]
Photo: Koshy Koshy/Wikipedia
The world already has enough fossil fuel plants and high-emitting industrial facilities, buildings, and cars to drive average global warming above a 1.5°C threshold, according to an article earlier this month in the journal Nature.
"1.5°C carbon budgets allow for no new emitting infrastructure and require substantial changes to the lifetime or operation of already existing energy infrastructure," write a team of researchers led by Dan Tong of the University of California Irvine.
The study concludes that existing fossil infrastructure "merely needs to continue operating over the course of its expected lifetime, and the world will emit over 650 billion tons of carbon dioxide, more than enough to dash chances of limiting the Earth's warming to a rise of 1.5°C (or 2.7°F). That's a level of warming that has become increasingly accepted as a scientific line-in-the-sand," the Washington Post reports.
"And it gets worse: Proposals and plans are currently afoot for additional coal plants and other infrastructure that would add another nearly 200 billion tons of emissions to that total. Some of these are now actually under construction. In other words, human societies would need not only to cancel all such pending projects but also timeout existing projects early, in order to bring emissions down adequately."
The Post points to the 41 gigatons of carbon dioxide entering the atmosphere each year, 36 of them from fossil fuel burning and cement production, and compares those totals to the 420- to 580-gigaton carbon budget remaining to produce a 50 to 66% chance of limiting average warming to 1.5°C.
"That amounts to between 10 and 14 years at current emissions, with one year, 2018, already used up and another, 2019, halfway gone," writes climate specialist Chris Mooney. "What the new study is saying is that existing infrastructure translates into about 16 years of current emissions just on its own, with another roughly five years in the pipeline in the form of currently planned infrastructure."
While other research on fossil infrastructure has presented a less dire verdict, Mooney adds, "the new study contends that it contains the latest, and most plausible, estimates. Its figures for existing fossil fuel infrastructure are for 2018."
Study co-author Ken Caldeira of Stanford University's Carnegie Institution for Science was involved in a similar study a decade ago, and found that existing infrastructure equated to only 1.2°C average warming.
"A decade ago, we found, there's not enough infrastructure, and now, over the past decade, we have built enough stuff," he told the Post. "And a lot of that stuff that was built, was built in Asia—the rise of China, and to a lesser extent India and the other southeast Asian countries, [is] the biggest change in direction regarding amount of infrastructure."
Part of the problem is that those new plants are "younger", the Post notes, meaning a longer expected operating life before they're shut down. "And the picture is actually worse than the study suggests, because the research does not include emissions caused by human-led deforestation of tropical forests and other landscapes."
Elmar Kriegler of Germany's Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research said the new article "shows the huge role that the buildup of coal-fired power plants and heavy industry in China has played over the past 15 years," driving recent increases in global CO2 emissions and accounting for half of the future emissions associated with new infrastructure. "If this buildup of coal infrastructure is going to repeat itself in other rapidly growing economies, notably India and South East Asia, the world will stand no chance to hold warming to well below 2.0°C."
At the same time, "whether it is already too late for limiting warming to 1.5°C, as the authors claim in their headline, is too early to say," Kriegler continued. "As the article points out, this will depend on whether the world can prematurely retire some of the heavy polluting infrastructure that has been put in place."
The Post notes that some of those early retirements are already taking place, as solar and wind undercut coal and other forms of fossil fuel generation on price. The article also holds out hope for carbon capture technology to remove CO2 from existing fossil infrastructure.
"To me, the optimistic take on it is that most of the emissions associated with the higher warming scenarios come from infrastructure that's yet to be built," Caldeira said. "So avoiding those outcomes is still within our control, and it's largely a political and social decision."
But he cautioned: "I'm just hoping that nobody will be writing a decade in the future, 'Oh, we built enough infrastructure to go through 2.0°C, but we can still avoid 2.5.'
Air pollution, Keeping Watch on Earth News, Refinery emissions, Refinery shutdowns, Valero Benicia Refinery
Valero Says It Faces $342,000 in Penalties Over Benicia Refinery Pollution Incident
May 14, 2019 Roger Straw
By Ted Goldberg, May 14, 2019
KQED NEWS – California Report
The Valero refinery in Benicia. (Craig Miller/KQED)
Valero says it's facing $342,000 or more in fines from county and regional agencies after a major air pollution incident earlier this year at its Benicia refinery.
In a filing last week with the federal Securities and Exchange Commission, the company says it expects to face $242,840 in proposed penalties from the Solano County Department of Resource Management and at least another $100,000 in fines to settle a dozen notices of violation from the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.
The reported penalty amount is about 1/100th of 1% of the San Antonio, Texas-based company's reported adjusted net profit for 2018 — $3.2 billion.
"While it is not possible to predict the outcome of the following environmental proceedings, if any one or more of them were decided against us, we believe that there would be no material effect on our financial position, results of operators, or liquidity," the company said in its filing.
The SEC document also reported a much larger penalty, $1.3 million, that Valero believes it faces in connection with an incident in the Texas city of Corpus Christi, where contaminated backflow from a company asphalt plant contaminated the area's water supply for several days.
A local environmentalist who has followed the Benicia refinery's recent problems said the penalties barely amount to a drop in the bucket.
"These fines don't mean much to a giant oil company worth tens of billions of dollars," said Hollin Kretzmann, an Oakland-based lawyer for the Center for Biological Diversity.
"It's likely only a matter of time before we see another incident, so the communities near these dangerous refineries deserve better protection from toxic air pollution," Kretzmann said.
Lillian Riojas, a Valero spokeswoman, said the company would not comment beyond its public filing.
Ralph Borrmann, a spokesman for the BAAQMD, emphasized that the Valero fines were not settled yet.
The district tends to spend several years negotiating settlements with local refineries, bringing together a handful of violations into a package long after they are the subject of media coverage.
For instance, the district announced in March that Shell had agreed to pay $165,000 to settle violations at its Martinez refinery that took place in 2015 and 2016.
Solano County's investigation into Valero's most recent incident is ongoing, according to Terry Schmidtbauer, the county's assistant director of resource management, who emphasized that the agency has yet to produce or negotiate any final violations in connection with Valero's March releases.
But Schmidtbauer said it was typical for his department to discuss tentative findings and potential penalties with companies it's investigating, talks he said would be preliminary.
Two refinery components — a processing unit called a fluid coker, which heats up and "cracks" the thickest and heaviest components of crude oil, and a flue gas scrubber, which is supposed to remove fine particles before they're released from the facility's smokestacks — are under scrutiny in Solano County's probe.
They began malfunctioning on March 11, resulting in the release of sooty smoke from the refinery. The releases intensified two weeks later when the facility belched out a large amount of black soot, leading to elevated levels of particulate matter.
The smoke prompted county officials to issue a health advisory for those with respiratory problems. Refinery managers shut down the facility.
Valero's SEC filing came as the Benicia refinery began a gradual process of restarting after being off line for more than 40 days.
The resumption of operations at the facility coincided with a slow and very small drop in gas prices, after two months of increases. On March 24, the day Valero shutdown, the average cost of a gallon of unleaded gasoline in California was $3.49, according to AAA.
On May 7, as the Benicia refinery gradually got back on-line, the the average price was $4.10. On Tuesday, it had dipped slightly to $4.07
Energy experts have said Valero's shutdown coupled with other refinery problems in California and the high cost of crude oil globally led to the state's recent gas price hikes, which are currently the subject of a state Energy Commission investigation.
Benicia Fire Chief Josh Chadwick, California Energy Commission, California refineries, Chevron Refinery, Flaring, Refinery shutdowns, Solano County Department of Resource Management, Valero Benicia Refinery
KQED: Valero Benicia one of three Cal oil refineries shut down – gas prices up, Chevron flaring
April 15, 2019 Roger Straw
Repost from KQED California Report
Valero Could Restart Troubled Benicia Refinery by Mid-May
By Ted Goldberg, Apr 15, 2019
Valero's Benicia refinery, shut down since last month because of equipment malfunctions, could be back online by mid-May, Benicia city officials and state regulators say.
Although the company won't provide a date that it plans to restart the Solano County facility, Benicia Fire Chief Josh Chadwick said Monday he estimates the refinery will be back online in the next three to four weeks.
Chadwick said a Solano County hazardous materials specialist assigned to Valero provided him with the estimated timetable. County officials did make the specialist available for comment.
The California Energy Commission said Monday that the Benicia refinery is one of three California crude oil processing facilities that the agency expects to be restarted over the next several weeks. Shutdowns at the refineries — including two in the Los Angeles area — have helped drive up the cost of gasoline statewide.
Valero powered down its Benicia facility on March 24 after failing to resolve malfunctions that led to the release of soot-laden smoke.
The incident prompted Solano County to issue a health advisory for people with respiratory issues to stay indoors.
A Valero representative said the company will not disclose its restart date.
"I know we shared information about the status of the refinery on March 24, but beyond that, it is Valero's policy to not comment on operations or possible outages/restarts at its facilities beyond what is publicly reported," said Lillian Riojas, a company spokeswoman.
The California Energy Commission has been in touch with Valero but does not release certain data about its operations due to regulatory restrictions, according to agency spokeswoman Sandy Louey.
But Louey said refinery issues that have played a part in recent gas price increases — including the Valero shutdown — would be coming to an end in the coming weeks.
"The Energy Commission can say that the three large refinery maintenance issues are scheduled to be resolved over a period beginning late April through the middle of May," she said in an email.
Besides Valero, the facilities involve two in the Los Angeles suburb of Carson: a Phillips 66 refinery that suffered a fire and a Marathon Oil refinery that's been down for planned maintenance.
The statewide average cost of a gallon of regular has increased 62 cents since Valero's March 24 shutdown, according to AAA. It now stands at $4.006.
"We've had major refinery issues all spring," said AAA Northern California spokesman Michael Blasky. "I've heard it referred to as a perfect storm in the industry, with a lot of refinery incidents of flaring or shutting down for days or weeks at time."
In fact, Chevron's Richmond refinery experienced its seventh flaring incident of the year on Saturday, according to Contra Costa County's chief environmental and hazardous materials officer, Randy Sawyer. The incident caught the attention of the Oil Price Information Service.
Refinery issues mount as California retail gas price average cross $4/gal: Chevron Richmond reported "significant flaring" Saturday; Air Products L.A. hydrogen plant (which supplies area refineries with supplemental hydrogen) reported flaring due to a unit breakdown late Sunday. pic.twitter.com/5PNWPgNOrZ
— OPIS West Coast and Carbon (@OPIS_WestCoast) April 15, 2019
Monday's price marks the first time the statewide average cost for a gallon of regular has topped $4 in close to five years, Blasky said.
He said that while other factors have played a part in the rise — for instance, an increase in the price of crude oil worldwide — the refinery issues have been a major contributing factor.
"I would hope, as refineries come back to their normal levels of production, that we start to see prices level out and hopefully start to come down by mid-May," Blasky said.
Benzene emissions, Particulate pollution, Petroleum Coke (Petcoke), Refinery shutdowns, Valero Benicia Refinery
Valero will not be back online until early to mid May
Valero Benicia Refinery emissions Mar23 2.21pm
The Benicia Independent learned yesterday that Valero Benicia Refinery will remain in "partial shutdown" until early or mid-May.
This news raises two concerns:
The shutdown came after the refinery experienced a massive release of black smoke on March 11 containing particles of petroleum coke and other toxic chemicals including benzene. On March 24, a repeat of the black smoke releases took place, a shelter in place was issued by the health department, and the refinery went into a partial shutdown. One might ask, "What kind of malfunction could result in a two-month shutdown? How serious of an incident was this?"
The partial shutdown has already raised gas prices in California. How will another month offline affect consumers' gas prices?
Roger Straw
The Benicia Independent
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Join Benicia Black Lives Matter, Monday, January 17, 1:30pm, MLK Day of Service January 16, 2022
Solano COVID infections up nearly 8,000 this week, including over 1,400 children & teens January 15, 2022
Benicia and Solano: COVID cases, hospitalizations exploding – never saw anything like this! January 13, 2022
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Belated Solano County COVID update for Wednesday, Dec. 29 January 3, 2022
Solano Public Health presents conflicting data on Positive Test Rate December 29, 2021
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Dr. Matyas shares details on child's COVID death December 21, 2021
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Tech support from God… December 20, 2021
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Solano County sees fewer new COVID cases: 'only' 103 over the weekend December 13, 2021
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The Paralympic sport of Goalball was played at our school by every class so that they could experience what it might be like to be visually impaired. This is part of the many activities that MGJ are organising in the run up to the Olympic Games. The children had great fun.


An April 2016 view of the Site C prep work, including a new access bridge, shoreline logging, etc, by the official Site C photographers.
Ask Yan Chen what it is like to try and finalize a thesis on a topic that is changing as quickly as the debate over dams in Canada. Although it reached it's one year construction anniversary this summer, and the landscape is barely recognizable anymore (see the construction photo gallery), voices of dissent over Site C are growing louder, not softer. Amnesty International have called for a halt to construction, for violations of First Nation rights, consistent with the news from New Brunswick. A long form piece on The Current this week examined First Nations issues around Site C quite deeply, in part inspired by Gord Downie's pressure on Justin Trudeau Saturday night. So when Yan came into my office this week with a completed draft of her thesis about youth perceptions of Mactaquac and Site C, as revealed by Instagram use, it was clear there would likely be edits right up until the moment of submission pending the status of the projects.


Cost Effectiveness Analysis: (CEA) has most of the features of CBA, but does not require the monetization of either the benefits or the costs (usually the benefits). CEA does not show whether the benefits outweigh the costs, but shows which alternative has the lowest costs (with the same level of benefits).
Multi Criteria Analysis (MCE) is a tool that, in contrast to CBA, allows the treatment of more than one criterion and does not require the monetization of all the impacts. MCE results in a ranking of alternatives.
The growing importance of environmental and social issues has led to the emergence of instruments such as Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Social Impact Assessment (SIA). The output of these instruments could be presented separately or linked to the outcome of a CBA.
According to the ISDR conceptual framework, disaster risk reduction must be placed in the broader context of sustainable development, where economic, socio-cultural, environmental and political factors/goals are to be considered. Many angles have to be studied. One can use the tools of cost benefit analysis to assess the economic and financial acceptance of risk reduction measures, but it is preferred to use to CBA in conjunction with other decision support methods, such as such as cost-efficiency or multi-criteria analysis. In figure 1 an schematic overview is given of input elements for CBA for disaster risk reduction.
Figure 1. Schematic overview of input elements for CBA for disaster risk reduction. Source: Mechler, 2008.
In order to justify public investments in risk reduction for a certain hazard we need to assess all costs and benefits associated with this risk reduction. Besides, we need to know how large the current risk is in terms of damage per year in order to compare with other types of hazards and to compare to other societal goals.
In disaster risk management the benefits are mostly the avoided or reduced potential damages and losses. For instance in a flood control project the benefits can be reduced potential flood damages and a higher income /value of the land were the land is protected. The reduced damages can either be direct or indirect damages or monetary (tangible) or non-monetary (intangible).
The aim is to reduce the risk, thus to decrease the area under the probability-loss curve. A schematic example is given in figure 2 - see also use case 6.4 and Methodology book, chapter 5.5. Figure 2A shows the original situation with the annualized risk being the area under the red curve (the blue area). In figure 2B for a possible risk reduction measure (e.g a flood protection scheme protecting for floods up to the 100 year recurrence interval) the new risk curve is indicated as the green curve. The new risk is indicated by the blue + orange area. The risk reduction is indicated with the yellow area. As long as the yellow area is not larger than the orange area the risk is reduced. How much and how the probability loss curve is shifted depends very much on the type of risk reduction measure. In order to calculate the risk (expected annual damages) a number of points are needed on the probability-loss curve (minimum 3).
Figure 2: LEFT The amount of risk is, in the original situation, is the blue area under the red probability-damage curve. RIGHT A risk reduction option is applied: the new amount of risk is the blue area + the orange area. The yellow area is the reduction in risk due to the risk reduction measure.
How large is the current risk in terms of damage per year?
By how much is it possible to reduce risk and how costly is it?
Planning horizons in administration are usually short, often only a few years, whereas disasters are rare events and need of a much longer planning framework to be able to assess the potential benefits of risk reduction measures. The costs for (structural) risk reducing measures are relatively less difficult to estimate but it is estimating the benefits that is the major challenge! What we need to estimate is how often natural hazard events occur (frequency) and how much damage and losses occur as a result of these events.
Direct damages are the result from the physical interaction of the natural phenomenon with the damageable property. The magnitude of the damage may be taken as the cost of restoration of property to its conditions before the event, or its loss in market value if restoration is not worthwhile.
Direct damages are a function of many variables that are partly related to the hazard (its intensity, the type, the impact force), and partly related to the characteristics of the property, its vulnerability to that particular hazard.
Indirect damages are caused by disruption of physical and economic linkages of the economy, for example interruption of traffic flow, loss of industrial production, loss of personal income and business profit.
There is no simple relationship between direct and indirect damages.
Another distinction can be made between tangible and intangible (or sometimes also called non-tangible) damage.
Tangible losses are damages that can be expressed in terms of monetary value; often these losses concern damaged or lost property (that have a certain replacement value), or losses related to dysfunction of production facilities with more-or-less clear economic consequences.
Intangible losses are losses where no clear monetary value can be assigned; Loss of human life is a clear example, but it also includes loss of objects (small and large) with high emotional, cultural, environmental, sentimental or religious value. Another category of intangible losses are related to emotional stress, like psychological traumas or grief. Intangible losses are difficult - if not impossible - to quantify and their impact varies from person to person.
To be included in a Cost-Benefit Analysis framework, intangible costs have to be expressed in monetary terms (Meyer et al , 2013). If this seems inappropriate or unethical (what is the value of a human life?) other decision support frameworks such as Multi-criteria Analysis or Cost-Effectiveness Analysis can used because these can also include non-monetary decision criteria. Table 1 gives some examples of direct-indirect and tangible and intangible damages. Disaster risk reduction is about reducing these types of consequences of disaster; any reduction of these losses can therefore be seen as the benefits of risk reduction efforts.
Table1. Quantifiable Damages/ disaster impacts After Mechler,2005.
According to Mechler (2005) there are two main categories of impact on the environment, namely impacts on the environment as provider of assets that can be used. Examples are water, with multiple uses for drinking and irrigation and soil for agricultural crop production. These impacts can be valued in an economic evaluation. The other category relates to the environment as non-use values Intangible effects are on loss of natural habitats and indirect effects on bio-diversity.
Tabel 2 shows another overview of quantifiable damage costs including and risk mitigation cost.
Table 2. Cost categorization in Meyer et al. (adapted from and extended based on Penning-Rowsell et al., 2003; Smith and Ward, 1998).
Risk reduction can be costly and therefore governments and financiers have to carefully consider how much they are willing to invest in it (Wagemakers et al) . But whose costs and benefits are we interested in? The decision maker must carefully consider what damage to include in the decision. Is the decision maker interested in the macro-economic effects, the losses in production or in the human suffering accompanied with a flood? (Wagemaker et al ).
Estimation of direct economic impacts can be done by loss assessment conducted by local, regional and national governments, industry and commercial firms, disaster management organizations etc. Also use can be made of damage data bases etc. (see previous chapters on vulnerability and elements at risk.
(see further pp24-26: http://www.mekonginfo.org/assets/midocs/0003131-environment-cost-benefit...) Mechler, 2005.
Methods for monetizing intangible losses.
Goods and services that are not traded in a market have generally no monetary value, this holds for many environmental and social losses caused by the occurrence of natural disasters. In the field of environmental economics several methods are developed, see figure 3.
(see further pp26-27: http://www.mekonginfo.org/assets/midocs/0003131-environment-cost-benefit...) , Mechler, 2005.
6.3.3 Cost Benefit Analysis as a tool for decision making.
Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) is a tool used in public decision-making and consists of a set of procedures for defining and comparing benefits and costs. The tool assists in identifying, measuring and valuing in monetary terms the benefits and costs of a project.
Resources such as capital, land, labour and management capacity are relatively scarce and can be allocated by a nation / agency/ person to different uses. What choice is made depends among others on the benefits that the specific allocation creates as compared to the costs of the project; you want to know whether a "project "is worthwhile and whether it is the best alternative.
CBA as applied in public decision-making typically takes the perspective of the society and is often referred to as the economic analysis or the economic CBA. This analysis is often complemented by a financial analysis of the project. The financial analysis compares the costs and benefits from the perspective of the project organisation or a specific target group (see text box 1 below). If the CBA is extended to include aspects of income distribution, one speaks of social CBA.
In this step the elements that are most uncertain or risky are identified and the the assumptions made during the analysis are indicated. Sensitivity analysis is applied to relevant parameters in order to obtain an indication of the robustness of the assumptions made. These parameters could include costs, benefits, prices and the timing of costs and benefits; Calculate the switching values on the most relevant parameters.
Formulate a final recommendation based on the results of the economic and financial CBA.
An unambiguous conclusion on the profitability of a project is formulated if the economic and financial CBA have the same result (e.g. economic and financial NPV are both positive or both negative).
If a project is economically unfeasible but financially sound, the project should not be supported on economic grounds but might be attractive for the private sector to implement.
If the project is economically sound but financially unfeasible, a solution might have to be recommended for the weak financial basis that might prove a risk to the sustainability of the project.
Structure the recommendation within a context by making special reference to the effects that could not be monetised, to the assumptions, and to the uncertainty and gaps in knowledge.
Net present value calculations provide a valuable theoretical approach for handling financial and economic analyses. One practical issue that often raises questions concerns the treatment of inflation in cost-benefit analyses. Inflation refers to a general increase in prices throughout the economy. Inflation should be separated from and not be confounded with the time value of money. Common practice in cost-benefit analysis is to express all cash flows in constant or real prices as if there is zero inflation. This is valid as long as it is reasonable to assume that prices of all inputs and outputs change in a same degree. Moreover, setting up the cash flow in nominal prices (rather than constant or real prices) requires an inflation forecast, which is a difficult if not impossible task. There are no economic tools that allow us to forecast inflation as far into the future as required for the life of a typical project. Therefore it is preferable to use constant or real prices for cash flows in financial and economic CBA. This implies that a real interest or discount rate (I.e. corrected for inflation) has to be applied.
It is preferred to use to CBA in conjunction with other decision support methods, such as such as cost-efficiency or multi-criteria analysis . This is because CBA has its limitations e.g. the "distributional issue" that CBA does not address the distribution of benefits and costs. Societal welfare is maximized by simply aggregating individual welfare over all people affected and changes therein due to projects and policies. A focus on maximizing welfare, rather than optimizing its distribution is a consequence (Dasgupta and Pearce, 1978 in Mechler, 2008) . Other limitations are the difficulty of accounting for non-market values. The use of high discount rates expresses a strong preference for the present over future generations. (Mechler, 2005) .
Benson, C. and J. Twigg (2004). 'Measuring mitigation': Methodologies for Assessing Natural Hazard Risks and the Net benefits of Mitigation - A Scoping Study. Dasgupta, A. K. and D.W. Pearce (1978). Cost-Benefit Analysis: Theory and Practice. London, Macmillan.
Penning-Rowsell, E., Johnson, C., Tunstall, S., Tapsell, S., Morris, J., Chatterton, J., Coker, A., and Green, C.: The benefits of flood and coastal defence: techniques and data for 2003, Enfield, Flood Hazard Research Centre, 2003.
John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.
Westen, van C.J. , Alkema D, Damen M.C.J. , Kerle N, Kingma N.C. Multi Hazard Risk Assessment . Distance Education Guide book 2010.


text:
Can You Pay for College With Scholarships?
Jul 4th 2015 5:00AM
Gwen Thomas started preparing her son for college when he was just 13. Today, after helping him net $500,000 in scholarships for a higher-education experience that spanned some 30 countries, she teaches other parents how to get help sending kids to school.
Talk about a smart business idea. According to the College Board, the average cost of tuition and fees for the 2014-2015 school year was $31,231 at private colleges, $9,139 for state residents at public colleges, and $22,958 for out-of-state residents attending public universities. And that's for just one child.
For my wife and me, parents of three fast-growing kids and living month-to-month and check-to-check, our best hope of getting them through school is to be like Thomas and help our children chase the right mix of scholarships.
The (Green) Paper Chase
Replicating even a portion of Thomas' success won't be easy. The key appears to be spending the time and effort required to unearth good opportunities, and then applying for all of them. Here are her three tips for college-bound students seeking financial aid:
Start early. Thomas says she began getting her son into various leadership programs at age 13. She also advises parents to assess their children's "strong suits" and place them in programs that allow for unusual extracurricular success, whether that's sports, art, music, or making a significant contribution in a church youth group.
Serve often. A service mindset is particularly important for those looking to win top dollars. "Gone are the days that committees simply want academics," Thomas says. "Instead they want to see the grades and the gas spent on getting kids involved in service and volunteering."
Leverage the law of large numbers. Thomas started looking into scholarships when her son was in 11th grade. By the time college came around, he had applied for 100 merit scholarships and won 25. The more you apply for, the more likely it is you'll get the financial aid you need to send your child to a good school.
Where You Get Money Matters
Yet it's also not that simple. Scholarships not only vary in size but also duration. For example, a club or credit union that issues new scholarships every year may only grant awards for the school year in which they're won. Renewing the funds may require reapplying.
To get the best results, you'll want to first calculate your Expected Family Contribution, or EFC, which roughly equates to your estimated out-of-pocket for sending your student to college. Merit-based aid tends to reduce qualifying needs-based aid on a dollar-for-dollar basis, sometimes without zeroing out the EFC. Getting your estimate may help to develop a strategy for chasing an equitable mix of needs-based and merit-based aid.
Calculate your EFC here using the handy online tool provided by the College Board, and then make an appointment with the financial aid office at the college your child wishes to attend. They'll help you understand how the award could impact an overall aid package, says Jodi Then, education advisor at American Student Assistance's College Planning Center.
For those who don't yet know where they'll be going to college, high school guidance counselors can also help with planning. Or, if you're more of a self-starter, good resources exist online from The College Board and information portals such as Peterson's.
Merit-based awards are generally a boon for the students who get them. Applying them properly can mean the difference between getting the bulk of your education paid for and owing tens of thousands in tuition.
With his eldest headed for college soon, Motley Fool contributor Tim Beyers is about to become a scholarship junkie. Find him on Twitter as @milehighfool and try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days. Check out our one great stock to buy for 2015 and beyond.
family money

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Whenever a stock or futures trade is made, it has to be reported to the exchange at which the stock or futures contract is listed. For example, a trade in Microsoft (MSFT) executed on the Instinet ECN has to be reported to Nasdaq. The exchange compiles this data as the Time & Sales for this particular stock.
This Time & Sales data is simultaneously distributed to various data vendors like Reuters, Bloomberg and IDC, who in turn re-sell this data to various other parties like brokers, money managers, other 3rd party resellers like eSignal and individual traders and investors. Raw financial data by itself is not particularly user-friendly except to the rare breed of traders who call themselves tape-readers. For the majority of other traders and investors, specialized front-end charting software are available to chart this data and present it in such a way as to be useful.
Various charting software and data packages are available and they are put together differently to suit the individual needs of the various players. It is therefore imperative to know what is available to provide a better chance of finding a suitable charting software and data vendor for your needs. In the early days of online trading, charting software and datafeeds were offered as separate bundles for e.g. excellent standalone charting programs like Metastock, Tradestation and Supercharts were sold separately from the datafeed provided by vendors such as Reuters. The current trend however is towards complete charting software and data solutions like what eSignal and QCharts offer.
If you are a casual investor and you have very minimal charting and data needs, you can actually obtain free finance and charting services from Yahoo Finance, StockCharts.com or ADVFN, to make your trade decisions. The drawbacks to these free services are that they normally are delayed by at least 15 minutes and the user has limited or no flexibility in performing various technical studies with the data.
On the other hand, there are some very sophisticated charting software and data packages that allow you to present the data in a myriad of ways so as to enable you to try to understand a trading instrument's behavior. Generally, trading data consists of the basic components i.e. Date, Time, Open, High, Low, Close, Volume and Open Interest. With these basic data, a trader can perform basic technical analysis like Candlesticks, Stochastics and MACD. Advanced analytics like Elliot Wave analysis can also be performed if the trader prefers. The charting software and data are also generally packaged as End-of-Day, Real-Time and Delayed trading solutions. Read Best Technical Analysis Software to get an idea of what TA software are available.
What is the Best Technical Analysis Charting Software?


text:
Terratorium, 2018
Over two years Smith worked in collaboration with vintner Josephus Mayr of the Family Estate Mayr-Unterganzner in Cardano, Bolzano, South Tyrol, to create a hand crafted wine. The wine, Terratorium, was specifically developed to elicit as site-specific a taste as possible while tracing the international journeys necessary to this development of the 'local'.
Vinum de terratorium veritas: A search for the truth through wine.
Wine making extracts the taste of its terroir – it is a process of distilling the essence of a place that could be argued to be more authentic than any other form of origination – the vine grows from the earth of its origin in which its roots are literally dug deep. Through Terratorium the artist offers a challenge to national identity by revealing the international mobilities and relations implicit to the local.
Terratorium is made using lagrein grapes, a 700 year old varietal, grown by the Mayr family vineyard that dates to 1629, the grapes were picked, de-stemmed and fermented by hand before maturing in specially crafted barrels made from a local oak tree. No external yeasts have been added, the wine maturing through spontaneous and natural fermentation encouraged by being stirred gently by hand using a paddle made of the same local oak before barrelling, to extract a truly local taste.
Through the tastings and events surrounding the making of this work, the artist brought together sommelier, geologists, meteorologists and foresters to trace the extraordinary interconnectedness with sites across the world of the soil and weather that determine the local growing conditions, tracing the journey of the vine itself from Georgia, into Egypt, Tunisia and up through Greece and Sicily to reach South Tyrol.
The wine launched at The Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art – Museion, Bolzano, Italy, in October 2018 and at Delfina Foundation, London, June 2019 as part of the Politics of Food programme. It has been produced as a limited edition artwork of 250 bottles.
Launched through a public tasting, the wine takes the sampler outbound once more on further journeys, tracing the taste of the wine through flavours which are anything but itself.
Terratorium was commissioned by B-A-U, Sud-Tyrol, Italy.
Photographs courtesy of Daniel Mazza.


text:
The Outcast is a British two-part television adaptation of Sadie Jones' 2008 debut novel of the same name. It was first broadcast on BBC One on 12 July and 19 July 2015.

Plot summary
Lewis Aldridge (Finn Elliot) is ten years old when he goes on a picnic with his mother (Hattie Morahan) and witnesses her drowning. His emotionally distant father (Greg Wise) struggles to deal with the situation and is soon remarried, to Alice (Jessica Brown Findlay). Lewis' young and well-meaning new stepmother tries her best, but is unable to reach Lewis emotionally. In adolescence, Lewis (George MacKay) is taunted about the circumstances surrounding his mother's death and begins to self-harm. He subsequently sets the local church on fire and spends time in prison for committing arson. On his release from prison, he has increasingly complicated relationships with his stepmother, with Tamsin Carmichael (Daisy Bevan), and with Kit Carmichael (Jessica Barden). Lewis separately confronts his father and the bullying Dicky Carmichael (Nathaniel Parker), before Kit and Lewis declare their love for each other, as Lewis is leaving to complete his National Service.

Cast
Lewis Aldridge is portrayed as a child by Finn Elliot, and as a young man by George MacKay. Lewis' mother, Elizabeth, is played by Hattie Morahan and his father, Gilbert, by Greg Wise. Alice, his step-mother, is acted by Jessica Brown Findlay.

Dicky Carmichael is played by Nathaniel Parker, and his wife, Claire, by Helen Bradbury. Kit Carmichael is played by Jocelyn MacNab as a child and Jessica Barden as a young woman. Tamsin, her older sister, is played by Edie Whitehead as a child and Daisy Bevan as an adult.

Production
The screenplay for the television adaptation of The Outcast was written by the author Sadie Jones from her own novel of the same name. It was directed by Iain Softley and produced by Celia Duval on behalf of Blueprint Pictures Limited.

Reception
Terry Ramsey, reviewing the first episode in The Daily Telegraph found himself "sternly unmoved" by its "relentlessly emotional, heart-tugging story of tragedy, its gushing orchestral music and its soft-focus shots of people with quivering lower lips and moistening eyes".  He added, "I knew the programme makers had been trying to make me feel something. But their attempts at manipulation were so clumsy and obvious that it actually became annoying. Rather than shedding a tear at Lewis's plight, I wanted to get hold of the producers and beat them about the head for allowing this to be so clichéd and self-indulgent". Reviewing episode two, the Daily Telegraph's Jasper Rees was also unimpressed. Having recognised that, "The quality of the acting ensured much of this portrait of a stiff-backed patriarchy producing unhappiness in women and children rang true. Greg Wise in particular was convincing as Lewis's emotionally vacant father, while Nathaniel Parker snaffled up the chance to embody a cold-hearted bully in a blazer", Rees added that, "And yet something in the storyboarding fatally depleted the atmosphere of accumulating tension. The plot frogmarched disjointedly from one crisis to the next, giving important scenes insufficient room to breathe and bringing a psychological coarseness to fine-grained undercurrents of feeling".

Writing in The Guardian, Julia Raeside voiced her initial concerns about the adaptation, saying: "Sadie Jones risked smashing a perfect thing when she signed up to adapt her book The Outcast (BBC1, Sunday) for television. The novel, one of my favourites, bursts with a fragile intensity that, while filmic, seemed unlikely to survive the transition". However, she found Finn Elliot's portrayal of the younger Lewis to be "thoroughly convincing", describing him as an "astonishing young talent". Raeside was equally impressed with Hattie Morahan's portrayal of his drowned mother, writing, "She is so perfectly cast, the lack of her is palpable on screen. We miss her too." She also had praise for Jones' screenplay and Iain Softley's direction, saying, "Every character uses a tenth of the words another writer might employ, because it's all there. No need for prodding and over-talking. The tone set by Iain Softley's beautifully restrained direction and the careful use of music creates a real feeling of loss from the start, just as in the book, but he somehow avoids all hammy visual foreshadowing and narrative signposting, so often used to gee a plot along."

In The Independent on Sunday, Ellen E. Jones found that the adaptation, "brings something unusual to television; a portrait of the conformist and snobbish side of post-war Britain. In a medium that's enamoured of bunting and home-baking (The Great British Bake Off), nurturing communities (Call the Midwife), and the benefits of a stiff upper lip in civilian life (Foyle's War), this is a useful and welcome corrective".

References

External links

 The Outcast at the British Film Institute

2010s British drama television series
2015 British television series debuts
2015 British television series endings
BBC television dramas
BBC television miniseries
English-language television shows
Works by Sadie Jones
Television shows based on British novels
Television shows set in the United Kingdom

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Add parallel Share Print Page Options Listen to Numbers 16
Numbers 16
Korah, Dathan and Abiram
16 Korah(A) son of Izhar, the son of Kohath, the son of Levi, and certain Reubenites—Dathan and Abiram(B), sons of Eliab,(C) and On son of Peleth—became insolent[a] 2 and rose up against Moses.(D) With them were 250 Israelite men, well-known community leaders who had been appointed members of the council.(E) 3 They came as a group to oppose Moses and Aaron(F) and said to them, "You have gone too far! The whole community is holy,(G) every one of them, and the Lord is with them.(H) Why then do you set yourselves above the Lord's assembly?"(I)
4 When Moses heard this, he fell facedown.(J) 5 Then he said to Korah and all his followers: "In the morning the Lord will show who belongs to him and who is holy,(K) and he will have that person come near him.(L) The man he chooses(M) he will cause to come near him. 6 You, Korah, and all your followers(N) are to do this: Take censers(O) 7 and tomorrow put burning coals(P) and incense(Q) in them before the Lord. The man the Lord chooses(R) will be the one who is holy.(S) You Levites have gone too far!"
8 Moses also said to Korah, "Now listen, you Levites! 9 Isn't it enough(T) for you that the God of Israel has separated you from the rest of the Israelite community and brought you near himself to do the work at the Lord's tabernacle and to stand before the community and minister to them?(U) 10 He has brought you and all your fellow Levites near himself, but now you are trying to get the priesthood too.(V) 11 It is against the Lord that you and all your followers have banded together. Who is Aaron that you should grumble(W) against him?(X)"
12 Then Moses summoned Dathan and Abiram,(Y) the sons of Eliab. But they said, "We will not come!(Z) 13 Isn't it enough that you have brought us up out of a land flowing with milk and honey(AA) to kill us in the wilderness?(AB) And now you also want to lord it over us!(AC) 14 Moreover, you haven't brought us into a land flowing with milk and honey(AD) or given us an inheritance of fields and vineyards.(AE) Do you want to treat these men like slaves[b]?(AF) No, we will not come!(AG)"
15 Then Moses became very angry(AH) and said to the Lord, "Do not accept their offering. I have not taken so much as a donkey(AI) from them, nor have I wronged any of them."
16 Moses said to Korah, "You and all your followers are to appear before the Lord tomorrow—you and they and Aaron.(AJ) 17 Each man is to take his censer and put incense in it—250 censers in all—and present it before the Lord. You and Aaron are to present your censers also.(AK)" 18 So each of them took his censer,(AL) put burning coals and incense in it, and stood with Moses and Aaron at the entrance to the tent of meeting. 19 When Korah had gathered all his followers in opposition to them(AM) at the entrance to the tent of meeting, the glory of the Lord(AN) appeared to the entire assembly. 20 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, 21 "Separate yourselves(AO) from this assembly so I can put an end to them at once."(AP)
22 But Moses and Aaron fell facedown(AQ) and cried out, "O God, the God who gives breath to all living things,(AR) will you be angry with the entire assembly(AS) when only one man sins?"(AT)
23 Then the Lord said to Moses, 24 "Say to the assembly, 'Move away from the tents of Korah, Dathan and Abiram.'"
25 Moses got up and went to Dathan and Abiram, and the elders of Israel(AU) followed him. 26 He warned the assembly, "Move back from the tents of these wicked men!(AV) Do not touch anything belonging to them, or you will be swept away(AW) because of all their sins.(AX)" 27 So they moved away from the tents of Korah, Dathan and Abiram.(AY) Dathan and Abiram had come out and were standing with their wives, children(AZ) and little ones at the entrances to their tents.(BA)
28 Then Moses said, "This is how you will know(BB) that the Lord has sent me(BC) to do all these things and that it was not my idea: 29 If these men die a natural death and suffer the fate of all mankind, then the Lord has not sent me.(BD) 30 But if the Lord brings about something totally new, and the earth opens its mouth(BE) and swallows them, with everything that belongs to them, and they go down alive into the realm of the dead,(BF) then you will know that these men have treated the Lord with contempt.(BG)"
31 As soon as he finished saying all this, the ground under them split apart(BH) 32 and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them(BI) and their households, and all those associated with Korah, together with their possessions. 33 They went down alive into the realm of the dead,(BJ) with everything they owned; the earth closed over them, and they perished and were gone from the community. 34 At their cries, all the Israelites around them fled, shouting, "The earth is going to swallow us too!"
35 And fire came out from the Lord(BK) and consumed(BL) the 250 men who were offering the incense.
36 The Lord said to Moses, 37 "Tell Eleazar(BM) son of Aaron, the priest, to remove the censers(BN) from the charred remains and scatter the coals some distance away, for the censers are holy— 38 the censers of the men who sinned at the cost of their lives.(BO) Hammer the censers into sheets to overlay the altar,(BP) for they were presented before the Lord and have become holy. Let them be a sign(BQ) to the Israelites."
39 So Eleazar the priest(BR) collected the bronze censers brought by those who had been burned to death,(BS) and he had them hammered out to overlay the altar, 40 as the Lord directed him through Moses. This was to remind the Israelites that no one except a descendant of Aaron should come to burn incense(BT) before the Lord,(BU) or he would become like Korah and his followers.(BV)
41 The next day the whole Israelite community grumbled against Moses and Aaron. "You have killed the Lord's people," they said.
42 But when the assembly gathered in opposition(BW) to Moses and Aaron and turned toward the tent of meeting, suddenly the cloud covered it and the glory of the Lord(BX) appeared. 43 Then Moses and Aaron went to the front of the tent of meeting, 44 and the Lord said to Moses, 45 "Get away from this assembly so I can put an end(BY) to them at once." And they fell facedown.
46 Then Moses said to Aaron, "Take your censer(BZ) and put incense in it, along with burning coals from the altar, and hurry to the assembly(CA) to make atonement(CB) for them. Wrath has come out from the Lord;(CC) the plague(CD) has started." 47 So Aaron did as Moses said, and ran into the midst of the assembly. The plague had already started among the people,(CE) but Aaron offered the incense and made atonement for them. 48 He stood between the living and the dead, and the plague stopped.(CF) 49 But 14,700 people died from the plague, in addition to those who had died because of Korah.(CG) 50 Then Aaron returned to Moses at the entrance to the tent of meeting, for the plague had stopped.[c]
Numbers 16:1 Or Peleth—took men
Numbers 16:14 Or to deceive these men; Hebrew Will you gouge out the eyes of these men
Numbers 16:50 In Hebrew texts 16:36-50 is numbered 17:1-15.
Numbers 16:1 : S Ex 6:24; Jude 1:11
Numbers 16:1 : ver 24; Ps 106:17
Numbers 16:1 : Nu 26:8; Dt 11:6
Numbers 16:2 : Nu 27:3
Numbers 16:2 : Nu 1:16; 26:9
Numbers 16:3 : ver 7; Ps 106:16
Numbers 16:3 : Ex 19:6
Numbers 16:3 : S Nu 14:14
Numbers 16:5 : S Lev 10:3; 2Ti 2:19*
Numbers 16:5 : Jer 30:21
Numbers 16:5 : Nu 17:5; Ps 65:4; 105:26; Jer 50:44
Numbers 16:6 : ver 7, 16
Numbers 16:6 : S Lev 10:1; Rev 8:3
Numbers 16:7 : S Lev 10:1
Numbers 16:7 : S Ex 30:9
Numbers 16:7 : S ver 6
Numbers 16:7 : ver 5
Numbers 16:9 : S Ge 30:15
Numbers 16:9 : Nu 3:6; Dt 10:8; 17:12; 21:5; 1Sa 2:11; Ps 134:1; Eze 44:11
Numbers 16:10 : Nu 3:10; 18:7; Jdg 17:5, 12
Numbers 16:11 : ver 41; 1Co 10:10
Numbers 16:11 : S Ex 16:7
Numbers 16:12 : S ver 1, 27
Numbers 16:12 : ver 14
Numbers 16:13 : Nu 13:27
Numbers 16:13 : Nu 14:2
Numbers 16:13 : S Ge 13:8; Ac 7:27, 35
Numbers 16:14 : S Lev 20:24
Numbers 16:14 : Ex 22:5; 23:11; Nu 20:5; 1Ki 4:25; Ne 13:15; Ps 105:33; Jer 5:17; Hos 2:12; Joel 2:22; Hag 2:19; Zec 3:10
Numbers 16:14 : Jdg 16:21; 1Sa 11:2; Jer 39:7
Numbers 16:15 : S Ex 4:14
Numbers 16:15 : 1Sa 12:3
Numbers 16:16 : S ver 6
Numbers 16:17 : Eze 8:11
Numbers 16:18 : Lev 10:1
Numbers 16:19 : ver 42; Nu 20:2
Numbers 16:19 : S Ex 16:7; Nu 14:10; 20:6
Numbers 16:21 : S Ge 19:14; S Ex 32:10
Numbers 16:22 : S Nu 14:5
Numbers 16:22 : Nu 27:16; Job 12:10; 27:8; 33:4; 34:14; Jer 32:27; Eze 18:4; Heb 12:9
Numbers 16:22 : S Lev 10:6
Numbers 16:22 : S Ge 18:23; S Job 21:20
Numbers 16:26 : Isa 52:11
Numbers 16:26 : S Ge 19:15
Numbers 16:26 : Jer 51:6
Numbers 16:27 : S ver 12
Numbers 16:27 : ver 32; Jos 7:24; Isa 13:16; 14:21
Numbers 16:28 : 1Ki 18:36
Numbers 16:28 : Ex 3:12; Jn 5:36; 6:38
Numbers 16:29 : Nu 24:13; Job 31:2; Ecc 3:19
Numbers 16:30 : Ps 141:7; Isa 5:14
Numbers 16:30 : ver 33; S Ge 37:35; 1Sa 2:6; Job 5:26; 21:13; Ps 9:17; 16:10; 55:15; Isa 14:11; 38:18
Numbers 16:30 : S Nu 14:11; S Eze 26:20
Numbers 16:31 : Isa 64:1-2; Eze 47:1-12; Mic 1:3-4; Zec 14:4
Numbers 16:32 : S Ex 15:12
Numbers 16:33 : S ver 30; S Ecc 9:10
Numbers 16:35 : S Nu 11:1-3; 26:10; Rev 11:5
Numbers 16:37 : ver 6
Numbers 16:38 : Lev 10:1; Pr 20:2
Numbers 16:38 : S Ex 20:24; 38:1-7
Numbers 16:38 : Nu 26:10; Dt 28:46; Jer 44:29; Eze 14:8; 2Pe 2:6
Numbers 16:39 : 2Ch 26:18
Numbers 16:40 : S Ex 30:1; 2Ki 12:3; Isa 1:13; 66:3; Jer 41:5; 44:3
Numbers 16:40 : S Ex 30:9; 2Ch 26:18
Numbers 16:40 : S Nu 3:10
Numbers 16:42 : Ex 16:7; Nu 14:10
Numbers 16:46 : S Lev 26:25; Nu 8:19; Ps 106:29
Numbers 16:47 : Nu 25:6-8
Numbers 16:48 : Nu 25:8; Ps 106:30


A theoretical model is analyzed to investigate the adhesion of thin shell structures to both rigid and deformable substrates under a variety of surface conditions. The thermodynamic forces driving the adhesive process are determined from an interfacial free energy, which is described within a classical thermodynamics framework. Deformations of the thin, elastic shells are studied using a geometrically nonlinear shell theory. Finite-range adhesive tractions, chemical segregation, substrate compliance, and substrate topography all are considered over a wide range of geometric and material parameters. Equilibrium adhesion states are characterized by a shell flatness parameter, the contact radius, and the adhesive and elastic energies. The nonlinear, coupled differential equations governing mechanical and chemical equilibrium are studied using finite differences and numerical continuation methods. The analysis has applications in wafer bonding and the adhesion of living cells.
Springman, Richard M., "Mechanical and Chemical Effects in Adhesion of Thin Shell Structures with Applications in Wafer Bonding and Adhesion of Living Cells" (2009). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 4.


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Run by Cliff Miller IV (aka Cliff Jr.) and dappled with small fields of pretty wildflowers, the course is thankfully co-located with the Headmaster's Pub — which was crowded Saturday with thirsty, beer-loving golfers and their fans (okay, maybe just friends and families), who happily retreated throughout hot day into the pub's cool air conditioning.
See Sperryville golf enthusiast Diane Bruce's related letter here.
Folks seemed more than content playing the Scotland-esque course's undulating hills (okay, maybe mounds), and paid no-never-mind to the au natural bumpy fairways on which Cliff Jr. has "chosen to minimize irrigation and chemical inputs" to provide a "healthier playing environment." During a between-rounds rest with father Cliff Miller III, he noted that "80 percent of the land" was left undisturbed to build the course.
Indeed, this writer/player had a fairway shamrock (or maybe just a three-leaf clover) stuck to the head of her pitching wedge for several holes (although this still did not help her score). While Cliff Jr. promises to "continue to improve turfgrass conditions," the fairly well-kept greens were quite challenging, as was the overall course, with yardage to pins ranging from 85 to 171.
The younger Miller said he discovered course designer Michael McCartin through an established course architect, who told him that while McCartin had only been building courses before the Sperryville job, he had built so many that he could surely design what was envisioned for the Schoolhouse Nine.
And apparently he designed it for the somewhat seasoned golfer, as club member Doug Schiffman of Sperryville — also this writer's partner for a round — confided that the course record thus far was held by Cliff Jr., reflecting a day he parred every hole.
For those considering an alternative route — to avoid being pelted by golf balls on U.S. 211 or Water Street — it seems those fears can be quashed. Schiffman surmised it would take a "monster slice of epic and gargantuan proportions" to hit the road off the eighth tee. While there are a few challenging bunkers to avoid — such as the one known as McCartin's Revenge — Schiffman has suggested that the proprietor add a few baby pools for water hazards. "I'm still considering it," said Cliff Jr. rather unconvincingly.
Beth Bauer had urged Cliff Sr. years ago to build a course, she said, "but it took his son to do it!" And Rappahannock should feel shamrock lucky that he did.
Lifetime Club Memberships at Schoolhouse Nine are $5,000 (under 65) and $3,000 (over 65); 10-play cards are $100; $20 for 9 holes weekend, $15 weekdays, $10 for replay; clubs, tees and balls available; information (eventually) can be found at schoolhousenine.com or by calling 540-987-5008.


As a Hendon resident I am a regular user of the Northern Line and understand how important it is that hard working commuters and other Tube and train users have a smooth and comfortable journey.
I will continue to campaign for improvements to the Northern Line and Thameslink and am fighting for step-free access at Mill Hill Broadway station .
Matthew sought reassurance from the Transport Minister that the Thameslink improvement programme remains on schedule.
Matthew, who chairs the All Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) on Thameslink, raised the matter in the House of Commons as a result of speculation that there were errors in the procurement process for the Thameslink rolling stock. Concern had been expressed about Thameslink in the light of the "flaws" discovered in the competition process to run the West Coast Main Line.
Matthew said: "As a user of Thameslink I have first-hand experience of this line and understand the problems that face hard working commuters and other users. I am therefore anxious that there should be no delays in the upgrade programme and I am pleased that the Minister confirmed that the requirements of EU procurement law had been met in connection with Thameslink and that the whole process should conclude early in the new year.


text:
XHBE-FM is a radio station on 88.9 FM in Perote, Veracruz. It is owned by Molina Comunicaciones and is known as La Invasora with a grupera format.

History
XEBE-AM 1160 received its concession on September 10, 1971. It broadcast as a daytimer with 1,000 watts. In 1994, the station was transferred to Lila Ovando Álvarez Vda. de Molina, who died, and then to her heirs, the current concessionaires. It also boosted power to 5,000 watts and began broadcasting at night with 250 watts.

In 2010, XEBE was cleared to migrate to FM as XHBE-FM 88.9.

References

Radio stations in Veracruz