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The Messed Up Truth About Opus Dei
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By Debra Kelly/Updated: Sept. 26, 2021 2:13 pm EST
It's possible to write an entire book about why Dan Brown and "The Da Vinci Code" is so polarizing, but for now, let's talk about a single part: Opus Dei. Brown's version of Opus Dei features a shadowy organization that employs a murderous monk to do the actual dirty work, and it doesn't put the group — which is absolutely real — in a good light. There's no evidence that anything about the monk is true, but if Brown had done a little more digging, he would have found a lot more shady stuff that's actual fact.
Opus Dei was founded by Josemaria Escriva in Spain in 1928. According to their own history, the spread of the organization was delayed by the World Wars, but as the second edition of those wars drew to an end, Escriva started traveling and taking his organization to other countries. The general idea of the message was getting laypeople into serving God and following Christ with the help of a series of guidelines, and the Roman Catholic Church was fully on board by the late 1940s.
And this is important: Opus Dei is a fully recognized and approved arm of the Catholic Church, so much so that when Escriva died in 1975, it took just six years for calls of sainthood to be answered. Investigations took until 1986, and in 2002, Escriva was made an official saint. That's pretty much record time, so let's take a close look at just what the Church is supporting.
Let's take a look at exactly what Opus Dei says they are, and what their critics and former members claim they are. Opus Dei says that they're essentially an organization that provides guidelines on how Christian laypeople can live "a life fully consistent with their faith, in the middle of ordinary circumstances of their lives." That involves things like "divine filiation," embracing Christian values like "charity, patience, humility, diligence, integrity, [and] cheerfulness," prayer, the offering of sacrifices, and "sanctifying work," which means work that's done "ethically."
That sounds not-so-bad, but like anything involving people, it gets very complicated very quickly. Opus Dei has claimed to be different things over the years: NPR says it's currently defined as a "personal prelature," but it's also been called things like a "secular institute" and a "priestly society of common life without vows." Both laypeople and clergy are members, new members are usually recruited by existing members, and when joining Opus Dei, a contract is signed promising (in part): "with firm resolve I dedicate myself to pursue sanctity and to practice apostolate with all my energy."
Critics, however, accuse Opus Dei of being everything up to and including a right-wing cult. Take, for example, a joke published in the magazine Tablet: "How many members of Opus Dei does it take to screw in a lightbulb? The answer is, 100... one to screw in the lightbulb, and 99 to chant, 'We are not a movement, we are not a movement.'"
Former members are incredibly critical
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The idea behind the organization doesn't sound too bad, but according to former members like Tammy DiNicola, there's a heck of a lot more to it. After Opus Dei appeared in "The Da Vinci Code" and people started looking at just what it was, DiNicola's own organization, the Opus Dei Awareness Network (ODAN) started getting some attention, too. She says (via ABC) that she got involved with Opus Dei while she was attending Boston College as a freshman, and part of the consequences was a slow breaking of ties with her family and pre-Opus Dei friends.
DiNicola also talked about how once she moved into an all-female residence overseen by the organization, she found her mail was read by her superiors first, her paycheck went to the group, and if she needed to go shopping, she was only allowed to with permission from Opus Dei leadership, who oversaw most of what she did.
According to the BBC, there are three different groups within Opus Dei. The supernumeraries are the married members who lead everyday sorts of lives, and that's somewhere around 75% of the organization. The rest are associates and numeraries, and these are the celibate members who some claim play a different role. Dennis Dubro was in that 25%, inner circle, when he left after 17 years. He later said, "I was in levels of leadership and like an onion, the outer core never finds out about these things."
Opus Dei's connections to Spain's Francisco Franco
First, just a quick history refresher. In 1939, the Spanish Civil War came to an end and Francisco Franco took charge. For an idea of what kind of ruler he was, he had friends in both fascist Italy and Nazi Germany (that's a picture of him meeting Hitler). He had at least 26,000 of his critics jailed as political prisoners, banned languages like Basque and Catalan, and established a massive spy network tasked with keeping an eye on Spain's own citizens (via History). In short, he really wasn't a nice guy, but according to NPR, a huge source of the controversy involving the early days of Opus Dei involves the fact that the organization's founder, Josemaria Escriva, was a big Franco supporter.
The Guardian describes Opus Dei as "ultra-conservative," and as such, their ideas were on the same side of the political spectrum as Franco's. Even as Franco outlawed all religions except for Catholicism — and went as far as forbidding ethic groups like the Basque from giving their children traditionally Basque names — Escriva recruited some of the earliest, most powerful members of Opus Dei from Franco's wealthy elite. Some of the members also held prominent positions in Franco's government, including Minister of Finance Navarro Rubio, Minister of Industry Lopez Bravo, and Minister of Commerce Alberto Ullastres Calvo (via JSTOR).
Meanwhile, Opus Dei thrived under the umbrella of Franco's dictatorship.
Spain's stolen babies
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Ines Madrigal was born in 1969, and she doesn't know what happened to her mother. She does think she knows why: just after she was born, she was taken away by her mother's gynecologist and given to a wealthy couple who couldn't have a baby of their own. That was denied by the gynecologist in question, but according to Federico Lopez-Terra, Swansea University Lecturer in Hispanic Studies (via The Conversation), she's not alone in her convictions. It's estimated that somewhere around 300,000 babies were removed from their biological parents and given to others, starting in 1939 during Franco's rule, and continuing until the 1990s.
The basis goes back to Antonio Vallejo-Nagera, a man tellingly called "the Spanish Mengele." He was in charge of "psychological research" under Franco, and promoted the idea that anyone who didn't agree with Franco's policies was mentally and physically inferior, and yes, that's diving straight into the "Nazis and fans of eugenics only" end of the pool.
That's horrible, but where does Opus Dei come in? According to El Pais — who adds that many of the biological mothers were told their baby had died — the organization behind the vast network of hospitals and children's homes involved many members of Opus Dei. Researcher and sociologist Francisco Gonzalez de Teana says they were the doctors who took babies and signed paperwork, they were the judges who facilitated adoptions, and they were the clergy who saw the stolen babies placed with new families or in institutions until adulthood.
Giving up their oldest son
UCLA professor and neuroscientist Hermes Solenzol has written (via Medium) extensively on what it was like growing up in a Franco-controlled Spain and in an Opus Dei family. He was enrolled in a "children's club" overseen by the organization when he was seven years old, and it wasn't his first experience with Opus Dei. His father was a supernumerary — part of the 75% — while his uncle was a numerary, part of the 25% that swore to a life of poverty and chastity.
He described his education: "They had to offer in sacrifice their eldest son, which in this case would be me. I am only half-joking. What really happens is that they are asked to put their children in clubs... where they are carefully groomed and indoctrinated. Then, when they turn 14, they would be asked to join Opus Dei."
Solenzol says that his daily education was interspersed with "meditation," where he and other students would read from Josemaria Escriva's book "Camino (The Way)," in which they would learn about the "999 points" that guided life within Opus Dei. That included something called "saintly coercion," which is described as "using force ... to save the Life of those who idiotically persist in committing suicide of the soul." That's heavy stuff for an adult, much less a child, and according to Elena Moya, some of the Opus Dei members she knew pledged themselves to a life of celibacy at just 13 years old (via The Guardian).
Issues around their Opus Dei-run schools
In 2012, Opus Dei announced two new schools were going to be opening in London. The Cedars — a boys-only school — and the Laurels — the girls-only version — were being set up by an Opus Dei-based charity called Parents, Children, Teachers Educational Trust, would be "inspired by the philosophy of St. Josemaria Escriva," and staffed by Opus Dei members. Opus Dei schools aren't that strange, but some of the countries they're in have had some serious issues with them.
Let's take Ireland for starters. In 2015, the Irish Independent reported that the Opus Dei-inspired Rosemont School had — in spite of submitting documentation saying they were abiding by educational guidelines that said all students must receive education on relationships and sexuality (RSE), parents and students both said that was sorely lacking. Then, in 2020, there was outrage when schools — including Opus Dei's private Rockbrook Park School — invited "American Catholic chastity campaigner" to share his controversial views with students. That included beliefs that birth control and LBGTQ+ orientations are "disordered." The speaking engagements were ultimately cancelled (via RTE).
Opus Dei has had even less luck in Germany. In 2007, DW reported that the State Education Ministry refused to even allow an all-boys, Opus Dei-backed school to open in Potsdam, citing the fact that an all-boys school violated laws that gave all children the right to an education regardless of gender.
Some use desire-supressing devices
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"The Da Vinci Code" included depictions of some rather gruesome corporal mortification, but how accurate was it? Opus Dei defines the practice as "join[ing]" [Christ] in his redemptive suffering," and says that common types of voluntary suffering are things like not eating meat on certain days, and giving up something for Lent. They say that the organization "gives more emphasis to everyday sacrifices," but they also add that Christian theology says mortification is a necessary part of resisting evil and saving the soul.
Elena Moya graduated from one of Opus Dei's universities, and says there's much more to it. She wrote (via The Guardian) that she knew multiple people who wore something called a celice (or cilice) –like the one pictured — "in order to suppress desire." She was a college student at the time, and college students are basically walking, talking hormones. So what, exactly, is a celice?
It's basically a metal ring with spikes, that Moya said was typically worn around a person's thigh. She said she knew people who would wear it so tightly that it would cause bloody wounds, and yes, Opus Dei says that some members definitely use the device. Their version of the story is a little different, and they say there's no bloody wounds involved. Instead of "spikes," they say the ring has "prongs," and that it's simply meant to be uncomfortable, not painful to the extent where it causes lasting harm. Any suggestion otherwise, they say, is "so nutty."
One of their ranks forgave an FBI agent... who was also a Soviet spy
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The story of Robert Hanssen is a decades-long tale that's worthy of a Netflix series, but here's the basics. In 2001, he was arrested by the FBI — which he had been an employee of since 1976 — for being a Soviet spy. Instead of denying it, Timeline says he asked, "What took you so long?" Hanssen's wife, Bonnie, took a polygraph test not long after, and according to The New York Times, she said that she had known he had dealings with Russia, and believed him when he told her that he was giving them false information as a part of his job with counterintelligence. He was not, and here's where Opus Dei comes in.
The Hanssens were a part of Opus Dei, and Bonnie insisted that Robert confess to an Opus Dei priest named Rev. Robert P. Bucciarelli. Bucciarelli promised he could get Hanssen out of that whole pesky prison thing, because if he donated what money the Soviets had given him — and promised to stop spying — then the priest would give him permission not to report himself to the FBI.
Robert had already spent somewhere around $30,000 of Soviet cash, and convinced his wife that he was in the process of paying his debt to charity — as Opus Dei requested. It would be another 20 years before Hanssen would be put under full-time FBI surveillance and then arrested. He ultimately made a plea deal for life in prison instead of the death penalty.
Paying to settle sexual assault lawsuits
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In 2015, The New York Times did a piece on Rev. C. John McCloskey III, who they called the "Opus Dei Priest With a Magnetic Touch." It was perhaps a poor choice of words. McCloskey, they wrote, joined Opus Dei after going to college, and was posted to a Washington, DC outreach ministry called the Catholic Information Center. It was there that he discovered he had a knack for converting the rich and powerful to the ways of Catholicism and Opus Dei, and the piece was basically an interview with everyone except McCloskey: Opus Dei forbade him from officially speaking on the record.
It wasn't until four years later that The Washington Post reported on something of a bombshell: in 2005, Opus Dei had paid out a whopping $977,000 to settle a lawsuit in which a woman accused McCloskey of groping her during sessions where she consulted him for advice in matters of mental and marital health. Following the incident, he reportedly absolved her of her guilt, but she soon spiraled deeper into the depression she already struggled with.
That, says the report, is when Opus Dei stepped in, paid her nearly $1 million, and initially covered up the incident. It was only later that they made a statement that included an apology: "We are very sorry for all she suffered." McCloskey was removed from the location of the complaints and sent elsewhere to continue his work for the church and Opus Dei.
The conspiracy theory around a Swiss Guard's murder
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First, the official version of the story, via SwissInfo. Alois Estermann was promoted to the commander of the Vatican's Swiss Guard in 1998, and within hours, he and his wife were dead. They were killed by another member of the Swiss Guard, Cedric Tornay. After killing them, he then killed himself. The motive was claimed to be anger that he had been overlooked for promotion.
That may have been the official story, but there were a ton of theories on what really happened. Then, in 1999, a few anonymous authors published a book on one of those theories, which basically said that Estermann had been a casualty of a power struggle within the Vatican. According to The Guardian, the book claimed that the two opposing factors were the ultra-conservative Opus Dei and a "masonic power faction," and that Tornay not only hadn't pulled any triggers, but that he'd been executed to make the whole thing look like a murder-suicide.
The book, "Blood Lies in the Vatican," also alleges that Estermann was one of Opus Dei's money guys, and that the all-too-brief investigation into what happened was, well, all too brief. Tornay's mother wrote a blurb for the book, expressing her belief that "this is the origin of the great effort made by the heads of the Roman Curia to prevent a terrible truth being revealed to the world."
Their views on 'true feminism'
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Opus Dei has addressed their views on women and accusations that they're "unenlightened." They say it's just not true, and that the organization believes in seeing women dedicate themselves to a holy life that can come with a variety of occupations and callings.
In 2009, some of the women involved in Opus Dei contributed to a book aptly titled "Women of Opus Dei: In Their Own Words." In it, some talk about "true feminism," which doesn't exactly come off as well as Opus Dei might have intended. Take the comments of Claire Huang, who says, "True feminism recognizes that women bring different qualities to the workplace than men. Women can have a nurturing attitude and do things at work that are caring... Women add warmth; that's why motherhood is such a beautiful thing."
Religion Dispatches makes some interesting observations: The women in the book either have jobs or children, but not both. The so-called "true feminism" of Opus Dei echoes Catholic ideas about why women aren't suited for leadership, and motherhood. Also: Motherhood. Oh, and being a mother. Having children? That's also super important. Another contributor lauds motherhood as a true calling in which women are "sharing in God's work of creation," and it all leaves the critic to come to the conclusion that although it's all meant to further the idea that Opus Dei is all about equality, it doesn't read like that at all.
Assistant, or slave?
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When Shon Faye spent a year living in a residential hall run by Opus Dei, they later wrote (via Vice) that the only women allowed in the building were the numerary assistants, who cleaned while everyone else was locked out for a few hours.
The National Catholic Reporter says that until 1982, these Opus Dei members were originally called "servants," and the 4,000-odd women were instructed "to work in a spirit of 'full submission'" according to the official Opus Dei documents that they signed. Most are recruited in high school, and sent to "'hospitality' training centers," where they're taught how to do things like cleaning, laundry, and cooking... the Opus Dei way.
In 2011, one of these numerary assistants took Opus Dei to court. The Telegraph reported that Catherine Tissier filed a lawsuit claiming that she was forced to work seven days a week, beginning at 7am and ending at 10pm, wasn't allowed to speak to her family, was given antipsychotic drugs when she complained of suffering from depression, and was forced to sign all her wages over to her employers. Tissier says that her parents intervened and "rescued her" after 15 years, and four others came forward with similar claims. Just a few weeks later, The San Diego Union-Tribune reported that the French court had acquitted the accused members of Opus Dei.
Accusations of forceful recruitment
Elena Moya says that her university — the University of Navarre — happened to be owned by Opus Dei, so she saw a lot of people who were chasing membership. Moya says (via The Guardian) that prospective members had to be 18 to make their pledges, but adds that she knew some as young as 13 who vowed to lead a life of chastity.
And that leads into some incredibly serious accusations over recruitment policies. In 2006, ABC News spoke to Tammy DiNicola, who has been incredibly vocal about what she calls aggressive recruitment policies that are directed at teen- and college-age students. DiNicola says she was targeted, and before she knew it, she was living in a controlled environment where everything was restricted. Her mother explained: "You couldn't reason with her. ... She was not making free choices."
She says that she was told leaving Opus Dei was an automatic damnation to hell, and UCLA professor, neuroscientist, and son of Opus Dei parents Hermes Solenzol offers some insight (via Medium). He says he was "groomed" by Opus Dei starting when he was seven years old, and it was only when he was old enough to choose a non-Opus Dei priest as a confessor that he was encouraged to explore other teachings. This priest, he says, "pointed out a few things I should watch out for, like the way they used jobs and other perks to manipulate people."
Opus Dei priests found guilty of sexual abuse
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Not all priests are members of Opus Dei, but according to Crux, those that are, aren't exempt from prosecution for sexual abuse.
In 2020, the organization announced that one of their priests — 72-year-old Father Manuel Cocina — had the not-so-honorable distinction of being the first Opus Dei priest to be sanctioned by the Vatican after sexual abuse charges were filed. His victim was also a member of Opus Dei, and after filing charges, several others came forward with similar allegations. The priest was given "five years of suspended ministry," and was still permitted to perform private Mass.
Another Opus Dei priest, Father Michael Barrett, was charged (alongside a former cardinal named Theodore McCarrick) in 2021. The Catholic News Agency reported that the charges were filed under the Child Victims Act, by an individual who accused Barrett of first inviting them to an Opus Dei house, where they were subjected to "criminal sexual assault" repeatedly, when the victim was between the ages of 13 and 16. Opus Dei declined to comment.
Shh: Don't say you're a member. Is Opus Dei a cult?
In 2016, Vice ran a piece by a then 27-year-old who had spent 2010 living in an Opus Dei-run residential hall. They were looking for a place to stay in North London during the college term, and the first hint that something was up was an explanation from the house director: He'd been a lawyer before he "was asked to come and work here."
That's not entirely surprising, as secrecy about involvement in Opus Dei is pretty common. Elena Moya — who graduated from Spain's University of Navarre, which is owned by Opus Dei — agrees (via The Guardian). The BBC adds there are no official lists of Opus Dei members because of their belief that being a part of the organization should be private, and that's helped give rise to accusations that Opus Dei can be defined as a cult. Esquire said as much, when reporting on Opus Dei's $1 million payout to settle a sexual assault lawsuit.
When Mumbai's Opus Dei director Mariano Iturbe spoke to The Economic Times, he took the opportunity to clarify that no, they were not a cult — and Dan Brown's depiction of them had little to do with reality. Still, John Roche — a fellow at Oxford's Linacre College — pulled no punches when he described Opus Dei (via the Financial Times) as "an Orwellian world employing much doublethink, and internal and external deception." He also called it "virtually a cult or sect in spirit, a law unto itself."


Home Entertainment Did Chris Jericho Troll Everybody on Raw?
Did Chris Jericho Troll Everybody on Raw?
Chris Jericho, the king of trolling may have just topped himself during the main event on Monday's WWE Raw in his ambush on Seth Rollins. You may remember a few weeks ago the news that there was a physical confrontation between Chris Jericho and Sin Cara while WWE was on their most recent tour of the United Kingdom.


Gallstones are solid clumps of cholesterol crystals and other substances that may be of variable size. Bile is composed of fatty substances, like cholesterol. When excessive amounts of fat are present, crystals form. Over time, these crystals can combine and form stones. The initial formation of these stones does not cause pain or symptoms. There are different types of gallstones, depending on which fatty substances of the bile has solidified. Also, the stones can vary in size, ranging from a single grain of sand up to the size of a ping-pong ball. About 90% of gallstones are composed of cholesterol.


Hundreds of years ago, the local pharmacy was growing in the woods and the meadows and you had to know your plants! [Note: this is also the case in the popular The Hunger Games trilogy, but I digress.] In most cultures around the world, the earliest forms of healing were based on herbs and that knowledge was handed down to each new generation. Written records show herbal medicines date back to 3000 BC in Egypt, China, Babylon, and India. In many countries, herbal remedies are still the only readily available treatment.
To treat cold and flu symptoms, make an infusion (see below) from rosehips; drink one cup three times a day.
Like catmint, chamomile will relieve cramps, settle upset stomachs, and aid digestion. Make an infusion from the flowers and drink three cups daily.
Make a decoction from witch hazel bark and use it in a compress for cuts, bruises, and insect bites.
Make an infusion from the leaves and flowers of rosemary, and drink three times daily for stomach upsets. Use the infusion as a rinse after shampooing and conditioning hair.
Use crushed, fresh leaves of sage as a preliminary antiseptic on minor wounds. An infusion of sage leaves aids digestion and may also reduce perspiration.
For cold, flu, and allergy relief, make an infusion from the leaves and stems of thyme, and drink three times daily.
A tea made from fresh coneflower (echinacea) roots treats respiratory infections. Drink up to three cups a day.
Peppermint is wonderful as a decongestant and for settling an upset stomach. Make an infusion from the leaves and drink three cups daily. Pregnant women should avoid peppermint.
Make a compress (see below) from calendula (pot marigold) flowers and apply to stings, bruises, scrapes, and burns.
To promote healing, apply the fresh gel from aloe leaves to sunburn, blisters, acne, and scrapes.
Try a lavender compress to relieve tension, or a garlie or ginger compress to treat nasal and chest congestion.
*Before using any herbal remedy, it is wise to take advice from a qualified practitioner or doctor.
Use separate mortar and pestles when preparing medicinal and culinary herbs.
To ensure your herbal remedies are of the highest quality and purity, use plants grown in your garden.
The difference between an herbal tea and an infusion is the length of time the herbs are allowed to steep.
Avoid using herbal remedies if you are pregnant or nursing, or if you have a heart condition. They are also unsuitable for children under two years of age.
Infusions are made by pouring boiling water over herb leaves or flowers and steeping them for up to 15 minutes. They are best drunk fresh and hot, but can be stored in the refrigerator for a day or two. Dilute to taste or sweeten with honey or fruit juice.
Compresses: Prepare an infusion, then soak a towel in the warm liquid. Wring it out and lay it upon the affected area, covering with a dry towel. As the compress cools, replace it with a warm one. Continue for 30 minutes.
Poultice: To treat infection and relieve muscle aches, use 1/4 cup dried herbs or 3 cups of fresh herbs (washed, dried, and minced) to 4 cups of oatmeal. Mix together with hot water to form a paste. Put paste directly on skin and cover with a towel. Replace when cool; continue for 30 minutes.
Remember, herbs contain volatile oils that can be poisonous. In small doses they may contribute to our health, but are not a cure-all for serious diseases for which medical diagnosis and treatment must be sought. Some plants are extremely poisonous and must never be ingested. These include foxglove and lily-of-the-valley. Be extremely careful when growing these plants around young children or animals.


Want to save all the readings, documents, and photos you have uploaded to a course in one place? You have two options to do just that.
Download Instructor Files gives you one-click access to download all the files added to the course by instructors and TAs.
Some courses have both legacy files and modern files stored in them. If you see both of the above options listed in your Administration menu, we recommend that you download using both sets of instructions to be sure you save everything from your course.
Click the Download Instructor Files link in your Administration block.
When the download is finished, it will display a popup like this one prompting you to save or open the file. Choose Save file and click OK.
The zip file will now be located in your Downloads folder on your computer. Click to open it. You will find a folder within the zip file that contains everything you have uploaded to your Moodle course. You should rename the folder to something you can remember easily (like the title of the course) and save it somewhere you will be able to locate it later - either on your computer or on Google Drive.
You'll see a display of all the files in this category. Scroll down to the bottom of the page and click Edit Legacy Course Files.
Moodle will download a zip file containing your legacy course files. Use the same steps as above to save the zip file to your computer.


text:
The 1902–03 international cricket season was from September 1902 to April 1903.

Season overview

October

Australia in South Africa

February

England in New Zealand

March

England in Australia

References

International cricket competitions by season
1902 in cricket
1903 in cricket

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


CenturyLink, like many ISPs, will tell you that the best modem for CenturyLink DSL is the one that you rent or buy from them instead of using one that you purchase yourself separately.
Many users go with that idea as well because it just seems easier. But buying your own modem is easy and you can then have the choice of getting exactly what you need.
You need to be sure that you are using the best modem for CenturyLink DSL and that you are getting the speeds and features that will meet the needs of your household. Luckily, we have reviewed the best CenturyLink modems that you can buy to make the process easier for you.
There are many modems and routers available, but what makes it the best Centurylink modem depends on several factors which we will reveal below. Keep these factors in mind when choosing your DSL modem, and if all these factors are checked off on your list, you'll end up with the best modem for CenturyLink DSL.
Compatibility: Make sure that the modem and router are on the list of CenturyLink compatible modems. There are various types of DSL services such as ADSL, SDSL, HDSL and VDSL. Confirm with your ISP to check the modem's specifications required by your ISP and be aware of modems recommended by your ISP.
Usage: How much usage will you be expecting out of your DSL modem for CenturyLink? Do you have many devices you want connected? You should look for a modem with Ethernet connections instead of just USB.
DSL Modem Speeds: If you have basic requirements such as checking your email and browsing, your choice will vastly differ from another person that wants to buy the best modem for CenturyLink DSL for streaming HD movies and playing online games.
DSL Modem Life Span: Technology updates at a fast rate and you don't want your DSL modem to be obsolete a few months after you've bought it. Get a DSL modem which is up-to-date or has regular firmware updates.
A 2 in 1 unit is cheaper than separate units: If you are looking to get a reliable home networking system, you will have to splurge more than you expect on a separate router and modem unit. However, a decent modem router combo model will only set you back half of what you may spend on two separate devices – of course, this depends on what price point and number of features and settings you are looking for in your unit.
Easier to Set Up: 1 less device to worry about and a faster configuration process.
Your ISP can control Updates: This is great for beginners or users who are not looking to dive deeply into advanced router settings. This way, you have fewer upgrades to handle and get the best firmware which is compatible with your ISP.
Better compatibility: Having a combo model ensures that you will not face compatibility issues with your modem and router.
Better Control and Performance: You can choose your router, and be able to access advanced settings and even be able to update your router with third party firmware to have more control over your dedicated router.
Less Expensive: The technology and hardware in modems rarely change much. However, routers technologies keep evolving rapidly. Having separate units enables you to stay up to date with the latest router upgrades, which could be cheaper than replacing an entire combo unit.
More Control: Those who are looking to get better wireless performance can opt for an advanced router to gain more control over their router.
Location: You can use Cat5 cable extenders to extend your home network, so that your router can be placed at an ideal location for better network coverage, instead of having to deal with Coaxial cables which your modem router combo will require.
A great mid-range DSL modem router combo that delivers on performance as well as being easy on the pocket, the Zyxel C1100Z comes from a company that has been producing networking hardware and related products since it was founded in 1989.
As with all our guides, we put this nifty gadget through a series of tests to determine whether the attractive price point equaled to value for money or just another cheap product on the market.
As per our tests for this guide, we placed it strategically in a three storied house and we found out to our surprise, that the Zyxel C1100Z was a pretty neat modem, making it our Editor's Choice as the best modem for CenturyLink DSL.
The set up process was fairly simple and I didn't have to be one computer wizard to know how to get it set up. While our other Centurylink modems were fairly shifty in their range, with a few devices simply not recognizing the modem and our wifi getting slower with each passing day until we realized that our modem was at fault, this one fit the bill perfectly.
It provided a way better range than other modems and this is a great example of how a small investment can lead to huge improvements in your network.
The Zyxel C1100Z is built to reach super fast speeds of 300Mbps, so you know you can stream your favorite movies in a heartbeat. It runs on the 802.11n wireless standard and automatically detects Centurylink network setting configurations, which should make your life easier.
It is also designed so you can monitor, manage and provision remotely via TR0069. It does offer IPv6 and dual stack support with secure WLAN setup, so you know your network is as secure as it can be. The 2Tx2R antennas ensure that your signal is stable and your internet speeds are consistently fast.
It supports WPA2/APA/WEP encryption so your network remains secure.
In all honestly, it lacks a lot of features that our Editor's pick has, but for its price, it's a steal deal.
The Zyxel C1100Z uses the latest in DSL technology which is VDSL2, and this is the reason why you can enjoy fast speeds that can reach up to 300 Mbps.
When we tested the speeds of this modem, our speed tests revealed speeds that averaged to 212Mbps, which is really not bad considering we didn't really need more than that for our online activities.
The Zyxel C1100Z delivers a very stable connection, so that you experience no drops or lags no matter if your are surfing the net, watching videos, playing online games or other high bandwidth hungry activities.
Only uses 802.11n wireless standard and not the latest 802.11ac.
If you are looking at more budget friendly CenturyLink compatible modems, the Motorola MD1600 is a great choice. Not only is it easier on the wallet, but it also has a lot of amazing features that will not disappoint.
Just because the Motorola MD1600 is the most budget friendly choice of the best CenturyLink modems, does not mean that it will not still give you outstanding performance. The MD1600 supports speeds up to 100 Mbps, which really is about the best that you can rely on for a DSL connection.
This modem works with either a VDSL2 or an ADSL2+ service and is combined with an AC1600 Gigabit router, really giving you all of the performance that you could need at home. It was verified in a 2-story, 2,000 square foot house that the signal was constant without any dead spots.
The MD1600 comes with a USB 2.0 host port to attach a USB external device as an option and it supports DLNA Media Sharing. The design itself is sleek, making it easy to conceal if you wanted and not an eye-sore to be out in the open.
It also comes with a setup wizard that will help you get up and running without any headache. If you do have any trouble, however, Motorola has a great customer service team that can help walk you through it.
Complete with a built-in router, this modem has four Gigabit Ethernet ports, AC1600 wireless, a firewall, WPA/WPA2 wireless security, IPv4 and IPv6 support, and VPN capability.
The max speed for the Motorola MD1600 is 100 Mbps. While there are some other modems that boast 1000 Mbps, no service provider can actually offer that level of transfer speed, so it's a little unrealistic to rely on it. That said, if you do require a high speed connection, this may not be the best selection for you.
Netgear has proven itself to be a reliable brand when it comes to internet accessories and the Netgear D7000 tops our list as the best modem for CenturyLink DSL to buy. The Netgear Genie App, extreme speeds and range, the readyCLOUD feature as well as being a modem router combo gives it super brownie points.
We tested this in a three storied house and the Netgear D7000 passed all of our expectations which makes this a high performance modem for CenturyLink DSL in the market. The signal strength was strong and stable on all floors, allowing us to really test it out. We streamed HD videos on all floors on multiple connected devices with a few colleagues playing a few online games and none of us faced any glitches. In fact, don't be surprised if you get speeds above what you paid for, even with several wireless devices running simultaneously.
This modem for CenturyLink DSL has a built in iTunes server for those who are Apple fans and it also boasts a ReadySHARE USB port offering super speeds which means you can connect and stream your personal media anywhere in your home. This 802.11ac device offers improved connectivity and the powerful antennas and Beamforming feature allows you to access your internet at a farther range, without compromising on speed and stability.
The Netgear Genie App also gives you the freedom to control, manage and monitor your home network when on the go. Get automatic PC backups with the ReadySHARE Vault as well to keep your data safe and secure. In addition, it's one of the best modem router combos for CenturyLink that is currently available on the market based on our testing.
You can get speeds up to 1900 Mbps on the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands and you can take gaming to a whole new level with the 1.0GHz dual core processor, 6 antennas and Gigabit wired port.
Netgear Genie app for parental control and better management of home network remotely.
Featuring Wireless N technology, the C2000T is a great modem for CenturyLink DSL which packages all your DSL services into one neat device, while allowing you to utilise your existing wiring.
The set up process of the C2000T is fairly simple and takes, on average, about 10 minutes to get up and running. Our testing ground was a three storied house, and although the unit has a good range, with no dead spots, we did find a few areas that the signal was a little weak. Of course, if you are standing in the tool shed at the end of the driveway, you may find the walls, distance and umpteen gadgets all running can cause a little interference in the signal strength.
Even though it doesn't use the latest wireless standard of 802.11AC, the N technology is enough for any household needs. If your area does not have fiber, the C2000T is a very good modem router combo to have. Speed tests on this unit remained consistent, over the 2 week testing period. Your speeds can average 20Mbps on the ADSL2+. 80Mbps through the VDSL2 and the GPON can deliver 1GBps. The BlueGadgetTooth team did notice that there were a few latency issues, which lowered nearing the end of the 2 week testing period.
The Netgear D6400 is designed so that it does not have to be hidden behind a shelf and its glossy surface along with its compact size, makes it look very attractive. Being able to broadcast on both 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands makes it useful if you have a mixture of old and new devices in your home. This makes it a great option as an entry level modem for CenturyLink DSL for your home.
While the D6400 definitely is a step higher from the standard wireless routers, we had to keep in mind that Netgear has two distinct lines – the Nighthawk which is the state of the art, top of the line premiums models and the D6400 does not fall in that category. Made to be affordable, it does have certain features that have been cut to make the price attractive.
When we tested the D6400, we found it to be more of a down-to-Earth DSL modem for CenturyLink which did offer excellent speeds at certain ranges. The 2.4GHz band didn't offer top speeds, but when we switched to the 5GHz band, we got 100 Mbps and more up to a distance of 25 meters, which suggests this CenturyLink modem is great for small to medium sized homes.
However we were happy to find that we could still steam videos and game away to our heart's content even with ten devices connected. That's saying something for this nifty gadget.
The Netgear Genie App, proprietary to Netgear offers great parental control as you can remotely manage and monitor your home network. It has 5 Gigabit Ethernet ports and internal antennae and surprisingly, it has 2 x USB 2.0 ports but no 3.0 ports. It does offer guest network features which is good if you always have company and want to protect the security of your private home network.
Although this CenturyLink DSL modem router theoretically offers speeds up to 1600 Mbps thanks to the dual band system, what you actually get could be a whole different picture. The wireless speeds were alright, but nothing to write home about. It offered 9 Mbps at a distance of 10 m and that dropped to half as the distance doubled on the 802.11n mode. The 802.11ac mode offered faster speeds reaching 160 Mbps.
For those of you who are on a budget, but want a DSL modem for CenturyLink should look no further than the Actiontec GT784WN. This offers the all in one solution to your internet needs. With a built in firewall to protect your laptops against malware and absolute ease in the installation process makes this a great modem router to have. The 802.11n wireless standardensures that you can get top speeds while being backward compatible so that your older devices don't get the boot from being connected to the internet.
Even though this is a budget buy, it can handle a lot. We wanted to test to see just how much it could handle and we were impressed. Imagine 4 smartphones, 3 laptops connected to various websites either downloading, streaming or just browsing and Netflix with 2 Xbox 360's linked at the same time – with no lags or drops! This DSL modem for CenturyLink is a dream for those who want value for money without shelling out a lot. The Auto set up also made it a dream for those who were a little technology challenged. The machine more or less set it up itself!
The 300 Mbps wireless n router has a 4 port switch and is also backward compatible with older wireless standards. The parental control features along with the high grade firewall makes this great for people who don't want to compromise on the security of their home.
As it runs only on the 2.4GHz range and does not offer 5GHz band, you will not get super fast speeds as compared to a top-of-the-line model. But with decent speeds and 11 channels, you can still surf the net and watch your favorite shows with no problems. You can connect both through the wired and wireless connection and can enjoy theoretical speeds reaching up to 300 Mbps.
This modem has a reliable and strong build that seems like it can withstand (most) things. When it comes to choosing the best CenturyLink modem, it stands to reason that selecting one that is created by the brand, will stand the test of time and internet speed. But what makes this a good candidate to be featured in our list for choosing the top Centurylink modem for your home?
It is not one of the top-of-the-line modems in the market, but the affordable price tag doesn't stop it from exceeding our expectations. With most people living in condos and apartments, we thought it wise to actually test it in a real life setting. So here we were, in a ten floored apartment complex, in peak evening hours. We didn't think this would be good.
The 2.4 GHz band gave a satisfactory performance, especially keeping in mind the amount of interference the frequency would be receiving, just due to the sheer amount of gadgets that everyone around us probably had that were using that band. But when it came to the 5GHz band, I have no complaints. There was no interference, with no signal drops (which we experienced with another router we tested) on the 10+ devices we had connected.
Being a modem router combo, it means that there's one thing less you have to buy when it comes to getting connected to the great wide web. Using TR-069, you can now monitor, manage as well as provision your device remotely with ease. Set up is a breeze and the security features of the Centurylink C2100T make your network reliable and safe for the connected users, making this modem router combo one of the best DSL modems for Centurylink. The Gigabit Ethernet WAN port, when operating in DSL mode, can be utilized as a 5th Gigabit LAN port. The more the merrier!
This device has the capability to reach speeds up to 300Mbps. Now you may be thinking, that's not so great, especially now when you're hearing about Fiber and Gb speeds. But those days are still a ways away, and in all honesty, speeds that can reach 300 Mbps or close are pretty good speeds to have.
It is a modem router combo, so if anything happens to the product, you're out of both.
DSL is abbreviated for Digital Subscriber Line. Just like cable modems use the cable TV lines in your home, DSL modems use the telephone's copper wiring.
This is a pretty smart thing, because unlike cable modems – where you have to share your bandwidth with your entire neighborhood, DSL uses the dedicated phone lines – which means less interference, better connectivity.
There is a lot of space in your phone wiring, and your actual phone conversations use up a very miniscule part of the wiring, leaving a lot of space for other uses like your internet connection.
This is the age of self reliance – when we want things done quickly, and when at times all we have to rely on is ourselves. Instead of waiting hours for a technician to come by your place to get your device installed, just following these steps will get your best CenturyLink modem installed and running in no time.
1) Step 1: Make sure you have all the necessary parts and equipment to get your modem set up.
2) Step 2: Connect your DSL filters to your phone jack. If you feel more are needed, contact your ISP.
3) Step 3: Power on your modem. This could be flicking the 'ON' of your power switch, or imply plugging in the AC power adaptor to an outlet. You'll know it's powered on by the power indicator on the front which will light up.
4) Step 4: Get your green colored phone cord connected, linking the DSL/ LINE port to your phone jack.
5) Step 5: Get your yellow Ethernet cord connected, linking your computer and modem.
6) Step 6: check that all cords are securely connected and all lights are green.
7) Step 7: Open a web browser to get your service activated. It should be a minute of 15 minutes max.
Both Cable and DSL are widespread throughout the country and both are easily available, no matter what you choose. However, there are certain reasons why our Geek team at Bluegadgettooth.com says that DSL has advantages over cable.
You can access your phone as well as your internet simultaneously. So no waiting for your dad to stop streaming his favorite show before you can pick up the phone and call up your buddy for the latest piece of gossip.
Reliable connection as no other users are connected to your line.
When it comes to the world of the internet, you get a certain peace of mind when you know that your internet connection is stable and reliable and this is exactly what best CenturyLink modem units offer. This form of an internet connection works through the existing telephone lines and most individuals can access the internet at no steep cost as compared to cable or fiber optics.
Modem for CenturyLink DSL doesn't restrict you from using your phone, which is great news if you want to browse and chat with a friend at the same time. For those who work from home, you are always connected at any time of the night or day and you will always have access to the internet as well as your phone.
Using your existing phone lines means that you do not have to shell out money for expensive upgrades and no extra installation of lines is required. You end up saving time as well as money. You never have to compromise on security as you get your own dedicated phone line for internet usage instead of sharing it with many other unknown computer users as what happens with cable.
As most internet users either stream videos, play games or browse, a DSL modem is best because it offers more download speeds than upload. Not many people upload a lot of data as compared to downloading data. But you can also opt for a more balanced download/ upload speed if you opt for asymmetrical instead of symmetrical service.
Also, when you use a modem For CenturyLink DSL, the biggest advantage is that it is widely available everywhere, so if you want to be connected, chances are that you will have access to high speed internet before you know it. Or at least before you can tap that pair of red shoes.
As there is a difference between a DSL connection and a cable one, it stands to reason that there would be subtle differences in their respective modems as well.
DSL: It is configured through your existing phone lines, and a DSL modem acts like the connecting point between your computer and your telephone connection which provides the Digital Subscriber Line service.
Cable: This is similar to a DSL, with the exception that it acts like the connecting point between your computer and your existing cable wring, converting the signal to be compatible for your connected devices.
As they each provide internet access for different types of wiring, they cannot be used with a different type of connection. A DSL modem cannot be utilised for a cable connection and vice versa.
Many Netgear modem/ routers don't support bonded DSL or bonded VDSL lines, but there are units which support VDSL or standard ADSL and are perfectly compatible with CenturyLink. You should check which type of modem/ router you have/ are planning to buy on the list of compatible units at CenturyLink's website to be on the safe side.
This is when two or more broadband connections are grouped together to provide better connectivity and faster speeds. When data is transmitted over multiple phone lines instead of a singular one, your internet speeds is given a huge boost. This is a great way of increasing your download and upload speeds without paying more to your ISP. As many homes already have multiple phone lines, creating a bonded DSL line should be fairly simple without added expense. This is also more reliable and a great alternative if your area has no access to fiber connections.
CenturyLink provides only DSL internet or fiber connections. It does not provide cable internet. Being one of America's biggest telecom companies, CenturyLink has many internet plans for the avid and heavy internet user, as well as the causal internet user. Speeds can vary from location and CenturyLink's infrastructure in that area, ranging from 20Mbps to gigabit speeds.
Scroll to the bottom of the page. The SSID and Security Key should be located here. You can also locate the security type if it is needed in this section.
When it comes down to it, you are still better off buying a modem on your own than going with the modem that CenturyLink is offering for their DSL connections.
The best modem for CenturyLink DSL is our Editor's Choice: the Zyxel C1100Z VDSL2 Wireless Gateway.
If you need something higher performing than the average user, however, that is when you should look into the higher performance models like the Netgear Nighthawk D7000 that might be able to handle a heavier usage.
If price is a factor in your decision, you can still get a reliable and quality modem from the Motorola MD1600.
Remember that CenturyLink is always going to suggest that you use the modem that they want to sell or rent to you. The only reason you would ever rent a modem is if you are using that internet temporarily, so just don't even bother with it.
Using your own choice of modem gives you the freedom of having a modem that meets all of your speed, performance, and security needs. No two users will need exactly the same things from their modems, so when you are choosing the best CenturyLink modem you need the best modem for you.


The Naga Morich also know as the serpent chile comes from the country of Bangladesh south of Notheast India. It is interesting to note that the provinces in Northeast India where the Bhut grows are the neighbor to Bangladesh. So climate and environment are the same.
It is also known as the sister chile of the Bhut Jolokia or Ghost chile. Chile plants produce pods that have a pimply texture like a Bhut Jolokia but the Naga Morich is smaller with small ribbing in the skin. Flavor is less earthy than a Bhut Jolokia and heat is the same if not hotter.
The Bhut Jolokia tested at over 1,000,000 scoville units of heat. Guiness has it listed at the World's Hottest Chile Pepper on earth. However an unofficial test at Warwick University in England had a dried Naga Morich pepper pod come in at over 1,500,000 Scoville units!!! There is another variation of this chile called the Dorset Naga. Developed in England but as far as I can tell there is no difference in heat or flavor.


Greetings! In this post you will find Ran on TV crossword clue answers and solutions. This crossword clue belongs to Crosswords with Friends August 29 2018. If there is anything wrong with the answers we have provided for you, please make feel free to contact us so we can resolve the issue you're having problem with. Crosswords with Friends is now part of Zynga Inc and it has changed it's name from Daily Celebrity Crossword.
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Previous article:1941 film in which Bette Davis plays Southern matriarch Regina Hubbard Giddens: 3 wds.


text:
Ченай (; ; до 1996 г. носи името Мадрас), е голям град в Индия, столицата на щата Тамил Наду.

География
Разположен е на Короманделския бряг при Бенгалския залив. 12-километровият плаж Марина в източната част на града е сред най-дългите в света.

Той е 4-тият по население в страната с 4 646 732 жители (2011 г.), а с околната урбанизирана зона 368-годишният град е 36-а по големина градска агломерация в света.

Икономика
Ченай е голям стопански и индустриален център. Той е автомобилната столица на страната – наричат го Детройт на Южна Азия.

Култура
Градът е известен също със своето културно наследство и забележителните архитектурни здания.

Личности
 Родени
 Шерард Осбърн (1822 – 1875), британски адмирал
 Байъм Шоу (1872 – 1919), британски художник
 Вишванатан Ананд (1969), световен шампион по шахмат (от 2007 г. до 22 ноември 2013 г.)
 Починали
 Раджив Ганди (1944 – 1991), министър-председател

Галерия

Източници

Индийски столици


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text:
Q: How to draw smooth curve according to given height I want to drive a smooth curve that curve's 1/3 is outward 2/3 is inward.This is what I want to achieve.

So far , I tried this with adding 1 curve like :
  var height: CGFloat = UIScreen.main.bounds.height / 14
  let centerWidth = self.frame.width / 2
  let screenView = UIScreen.main.bounds
  let width = (screenView.width - (2*screenView.width/40)) / 10

     path.move(to: CGPoint(x: 0, y: 0)) // start top left
     path.addLine(to: CGPoint(x: (centerWidth - width * 2.5), y: 0)) // the beginning of the trough
           // first curve down
     path.addCurve(to: CGPoint(x: centerWidth   , y: height),
                     controlPoint1: CGPoint(x: (centerWidth - width * 1.33), y: 0), controlPoint2: CGPoint(x: centerWidth - width * 1.33  , y: height))

But when I try this outward and inward curve's have same height. So I changed it and tried adding 2 curve like :
     path.move(to: CGPoint(x: 0, y: 0)) // start top left
    path.addLine(to: CGPoint(x: (centerWidth - width * 2.5), y: 0)) // the beginning of the trough
        // first curve down
    path.addCurve(to: CGPoint(x: centerWidth - width * 1.33 , y: height/3),
                  controlPoint1: CGPoint(x: (centerWidth - width * 1.33), y: 0), controlPoint2: CGPoint(x: centerWidth - width * 1.33 , y: height/3))

    path.addCurve(to: CGPoint(x: centerWidth, y: height),
                                    controlPoint1: CGPoint(x: centerWidth - width * 1.33 , y: height/3), controlPoint2: CGPoint(x: centerWidth - width , y: height  ))

It similar to what I want but junction point doesnt look the curve is a single piece

I have tried so many things but cant draw what I want exacly.So How can I draw a curve that endpoint height's 1/3 gonna be outward and 2/3 inward that looks like a one piece.
I'm open to all kinds of ideas to draw.Regards

NOTE

I'm trying to customize tabbar's center button which height value  is UIScreen.main.bounds.height and width is `
let screenView = UIScreen.main.bounds
let width = (screenView.width - (2*screenView.width/40))`

A: As I look at your designer's rendering, if you are breaking this into two separate Bézier curves, the key observation is that the top ⅓ curve is symmetrical (with respect to itself) as is the bottom ⅔ curve. And for symmetrical Bézier curves, a quad Bézier is easier to deal with.
And to make the inflection point seamless, you'll want to ensure that two control points (one for the quad Bézier above the inflection point, the other for the quad Bézier below the inflection point) are collinear with the inflection point itself. E.g.:

It takes a little trigonometry to figure out the placement of these control points, e.g.
let center = CGPoint(x: view.bounds.midX, y: 200)
let radius: CGFloat = 140
let curveOffsetBottom: CGFloat = 30
let curveOffsetInflection: CGFloat = 50

greenCircularShapeLayer.path = UIBezierPath(arcCenter: center, radius: radius, startAngle: 0, endAngle: 2 * .pi, clockwise: true).cgPath

let h = radius + curveOffsetBottom + 50

let curveBottom = CGPoint(x: center.x,
                          y: center.y + radius + curveOffsetBottom)

let y0 = radius + curveOffsetBottom - h * 2 / 3
let t0 = asin(y0 / (radius + curveOffsetInflection))
let x0 = y0 / tan(t0)

let inflectionPoint = CGPoint(x: center.x - x0, y: center.y + y0)

let t1 = atan((curveBottom.x - inflectionPoint.x) / (curveBottom.y - inflectionPoint.y))

let t2 = 2 * (.pi / 2 - t1)

let x2 = (curveBottom.y - inflectionPoint.y) / tan(t2)
let x1 = x2 / 2

let cp1 = CGPoint(x: inflectionPoint.x - x1, y: curveBottom.y - h)
let cp2 = CGPoint(x: inflectionPoint.x + x2, y: curveBottom.y)

let curveTop = CGPoint(x: cp1.x - cp1.distance(to: inflectionPoint), y: curveBottom.y - h)

let path = UIBezierPath()
path.move(to: curveTop)
path.addQuadCurve(to: inflectionPoint, controlPoint: cp1)
path.addQuadCurve(to: curveBottom, controlPoint: cp2)

path.addLine(to: CGPoint(x: view.bounds.maxX, y: path.currentPoint.y))
path.addLine(to: CGPoint(x: view.bounds.maxX, y: view.bounds.maxY))
path.addLine(to: CGPoint(x: view.bounds.minX, y: view.bounds.maxY))
path.addLine(to: CGPoint(x: view.bounds.minX, y: curveTop.y))
path.close()

blackCurveShapeLayer.path = path.cgPath

Where
extension CGPoint {
    func distance(to point: CGPoint) -> CGFloat {
        hypot(point.x - x, point.y - y)
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange