text:
Name: Troy Howard Middle School
Garden Project
Address: Jon Thurston
Troy Howard Middle School
25 Lincolnville Avenue
Belfast, Maine 04915
Email: jthurston@rsu20.org
Website: www.thms.rsu20.org
www.schoolgardenproject.com
-student-run garden stand
-vegetables, herbs, flowers
-vegetable seedlings
-heirloom seed saving
-greenhouse and hoop houses
-composting program
-donations to food pantries & soup kitchens
-supplier of food to cafeteria
-wholesale sales to Belfast Food Co-op
What Makes Troy Howard Middle School Unique?
What amazing opportunities that the middle school students at Troy Howard Middle School in Belfast have to experience gardening and various farming operations! Their innovative school garden project has received a great deal of recognition. Retired teachers Don White and Steve Tanguay, and present teacher, Jon Thurston, have all played instrumental roles in establishing a dynamic horticultural program at the school. Some of the elements of the Troy Howard Middle School project are so creative that it is no wonder that people from throughout the country are interested in incorporating similar projects at their schools.
Seventh and eighth grade students at Troy Howard Middle School are divided into three academies -
Ecology, Innovation, and International. In 2006, Jon Thurston stepped into the role of Agricultural Coordinator for RSU 20. He and Neil Lash had started the Heirloom Seed Saving Project at Medomak Valley High School, which is also profiled in the Unique Maine Farms' project. The
present-day expansion and success of the Troy Howard Middle School Garden Project is credited
with the efforts of the students and the support of Jon Thurston and his colleagues and the community.
One of the most distinctive physical features of the program that is immediately apparent when you visit the school is the solar electric panel on the side of the greenhouse. There is a large webcam set-up that streams live photos of their garden and photos inside of their large greenhouse every twenty seconds. The equipment for this was arranged through a very generous donation from Dave Perlman. Jon Thurston explained that the webcams have proven very beneficial in keeping detailed records and accessing information. People from all over the world check in to see how the gardens and greenhouse are getting along.
Students are totally involved in the farming operations at Troy Howard Middle School. They help with the planting, weeding, saving of seeds, composting, watering, and harvesting. Real-life business skills are taught. Students are expected to help out with the weighing, picking, packing, quality control, and financial management aspects of the operation. They are responsible for managing the stand, collecting the money, advertising, leading tours and conducting presentations, and coordinating the food distribution. Students take vegetables and herbs to the Common Ground Fair and come home with an incredible number of ribbons from the Exhibition Hall.
Students in the Ecology Academy are divided into different divisions such as the Composting Division, Greenhouse Division, and Seed Division. Students in the Compost Division deliver compost to the gardeners; manage the food scraps from lunch; and help with the compost bins and worm farms. One of the worm bins has been placed underground in one of the hoop houses. The manure from the resident rabbits and chickens is collected for compost and the city of Belfast donated 120 yards of leaves this past fall. Students in the Seed Division are responsible for ordering, saving, and organizaing all of the seeds used by the gardeners. They have also been making beautiful wooden signs for identification of trees and plants on the sixty-acre school property. Jobs tackled by the students in the Greenhouse Division include helping in the greenhouse, two hoop houses, and the gardens, and also assisting with the farm stand.
Over one hundred varieties of vegetables and herbs are grown at the school. Some of the artichokes that they are successfully growing are entering their third year! Students recently helped with the planting of the potato garden. The Jeremy Alex Fund donated money towards the project. The Garden Project will be working with Coastal Farms and Food in Belfast,
the new processing plant, on the production of Troy Howard French fries from the potatoes.
If you check out the school's website you will see that students have contributed their writing, art, video, and photography work about the school garden. There is an educational video on teachertube.com in which the Troy Howard Middle School students filmed and narrated quite a comprehensive tour of their school's Garden Project. Their Life & Learning: The School Garden Blog keeps everyone up-to-date about all the many exciting developments in the garden.
If someone asked Unique Maine Farms to describe the Troy Howard Middle School Garden Project in one word, it would be "innovative." Every year it seems that they come up with some extremely creative undertakings. There have been watershed projects and the planting of an orchard at the school. This past fall the students helped in the construction of raised bed gardens in the front of their school in the shape of the letters -T, H, M, and S that corresponded with the initials of their school - Troy Howard Middle School. Each one of the academies at the school will be responsible for planting and maintaining one of these letter gardens.
The markets for the vegetables and heirloom seeds that the students sell are quite varied. Items are grown for the Belfast Co-op, the farm stand at the school, area restaurants, and the School District lunch programs. Produce is donated regularly to local food pantries and soup kitchens. The program is amazingly able to be financially self-sufficient with the exception of personnel costs.
The sense of community at Troy Howard Middle School is very powerful and immediately apparent. A great relationship has been formed with the Belfast Co-op, as they sell the seeds that the students save and the vegetables and herbs that they grow. For the eighth year students from Troy Howard Middle School have participated in a community art event where their creative projects are displayed at the Belfast Co-op. This past March the theme of the show was "I Say Tomato, You Say Tomato." Various mediums including clay, paper mache, pencil, paint, ink, and a full-size farmer were incorporated into the show.
There have been several art projects that have focused on the garden. The building and weaving of the Earth Loom was particularly memorable. Students made colorful ceramic garden lizards that
they sold to benefit the garden program. The distinctive seed packets, with the images that were designed by students, have proven to be a great eye-catching marketing tool to promote their program.
The art classes at Troy Howard Middle School
have enjoyed visiting the solar kitchen at the school garden. It is a bright, warm and peaceful spot that is equipped with solar collectors, tables and chairs, and a refrigerator and sink. The homemade solar collector made from recycled soda cans that were painted black and the installation of a radiant heat system in the cement floor help to contribute towards heating the building. Members of the community helped towards funding expenses for its construction. The Rotary provided money and the donation of the lumber from Robbinston Lumber was especially appreciated. The building has been a welcoming spot for various classes and events. Three different cooking classes for teachers were held in the solar kitchen at the Maine School Garden Day this past May 4, 2013.
Jon Thurston and some of his students provided a warm welcome to the visiting teachers at the Maine School Garden Day. They gave tours of the greenhouse, solar kitchen, composting operation, worm farms, seed collection, pond, nature trail, and the 22000 square ft. garden. The full investment in the project by the students is clearly obvious as four of the students showed up to help out on a Saturday. Providing tours for visitors and young students in the district is a common occurrence at the school.
A farm camp is offered to interested students during the summer. A stipend is provided, and for many students this is their first experience with a summer employment situation. Last summer, Lynn Karlin, a nationally-known garden photographer, conducted a photo class in the school garden. There have been bean-hole dinners, the making and selling of spaghetti sauce and salsa, pesto, and potato/squash soup. Nutrition is learned in a fun and firsthand fashion - by actually consuming the food that is grown!
A great deal of effort has been dedicated to incorporate Maine's learning standards in the Garden Project from various disciplines (math, science, art, economics, language arts, social studies) in the curriculum at the Troy Howard Middle School. Measurements for various garden tasks take place in math class. Spread sheets from previous years are evaluated. Books that deal with gardening are read for literacy. Soil sample studies are performed and students learn about propagation, germination, aquaculture, weather, and integrated pest management. In art class, many gardening-related projects are introduced. In social studies, students research the agricultural history of their hometowns. Through the management of the farm stand and various accounts students learn about finances in a firsthand manner.
A whole curriculum has been created around "The Pizza Garden" project that takes place at Troy Howard Middle School. It is a two-year project which integrates all disciplines of study. Some of the lessons include such topics as tracking the global journey of pizza ingredients; designing a pizza plot; documenting information in journals throughout the year; learning about healthy soils and composting; growing and harvesting the vegetables; and cooking your own pizza.
The Troy Howard Middle School Garden Project
continues to evolve and flourish. The students are totally immersed in all aspects of the garden operation. It is no wonder that the program has been recognized by the United States Department of Agriculture and the state of Maine Board of Education. They have been a well-deserved recipient of several grants. The collaborations that they have formed with various agencies, farms, businesses, and other schools is impressive. Hats off to all the students, teachers, and community members that have been key players in growing such a meaningful and successful garden project.
Jon Thurston is the Agricultural
Coordinator for RSU 20
solar kitchen


Placentia pləsĕn´shə [key], town (1991 pop. 1,954), SE Newfoundland, N.L., Canada, on Placentia Bay. The town was founded by the French in 1662 as Plaisance and was the French headquarters on Newfoundland until 1713.


text:
Academic Research Collections
Engineering is the discipline, art, and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, mathematical, economic, social, and practical knowledge to design and build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes that safely realize improvements to the lives of people.
By: Society of Chemical Industry, London. Chemical Engineering Group
Description: Some vols. issued in combined form
Hydraulic Step
By: University of California, Berkeley. Division of Mechanical Engineering, Hesse, F. G.
A Study of Engineering Education, Prepared for the Joint Committee...
By: Mann, Charles Riborg, 1869-1942; Joint Committee on Engineering Education of the National Engineering Societies
By: United engineering and foundry company, Pittsburgh, United Engineering and Foundry Company
Supplemental catalog subcollection information: American Libraries Collection; Historical Literature
Cathodic Protection System for Fleet Moorings
By: Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory (Port Hueneme, Calif.)
Description: Cover title
Effect of the Deep-ocean Environment on Materials : a Progress Rep...
Bulletin : Vol. 3
By: California, University Of. Department of Mechanical Engineering
Development of the CEL Salvage, Remote Assist and Lift Device
Description: "July 1974"
Foundations for Small Seafloor Installations
Description: Sponsor: Naval Facilities Engineering Command
Heat Transfer Design and Proof Tests of a Radioisotpe Thermoelectr...
Holding Capacity of Plate Anchors
Description: Sponsored by Naval Facilities Engineering Command
Report of Board on Comparative Trials of the Scout Cruisers Birmingham
By: United States Navy Department Bureau of Engineering, Bureau of Steam Engineering, Navy Department, United States
Supplemental catalog subcollection information: American Libraries Collection; Historical Literature; Note inserted: Tables of data, machinery cuts and performance curves referred to in this report, have not been published.
Report on Experiments in Boiler Bracing
By: Bureau of Engineering, United States Navy Department Bureau of Engineering, Navy Department, United States
Specifications for Two Horizontal Direct-acting Triple-expansion S...
By: Bureau of Steam Engineering, United States, United States Bureau of Steam Engineering, Cramp Shipbuilding Co
Specifications for a Three-cylinder, Horizontal, Back-acting Compo...
By: United States Bureau of Steam Engineering
Specifications for Triple-expansion Twin-screw Propelling Machiner...
By: United States Bureau of steam engineering, Bureau of steam engineering, United States, Navy Dept
Specifications for Triple-expansion Twin-screw Propelling Engines,...
Supplemental catalog subcollection information: American Libraries Collection; Historical Literature; N-YHS copy: Bookplate of John Sanford Barnes; Naval History Society Library collection; manuscript annotations in the text.
Records: 21 - 40 of 30,344 - Pages:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
'¡Libertad y justicia!' Latinx are calling for a change
July 31, 2020	10:58 AM CST By David Trujillo
Pre-COVID Election 2020 outreach: Mirna Orellana, left, a community organizer from the non-profit group We Are Casa, helps Karyme Navarro, right, fill out a voter registration form in York, Pa., on Sept. 30, 2019. | Will Weissert / AP
LOS ANGELES—Latinx are falling in love with voting. Getting out to vote is an exercise that carries so much truth and power. For Latinx, falling in love with voting means we are determined to protect our family, our neighborhoods, and create change for better and loving communities. Exercising the right vote is saying no to hate in our community. Voting is a powerful and beautiful community action and should be conducted with great pride and joy.
The Latinx community is standing up and proclaiming, "I'm voting to kick out the fascists. ¡Libertad y justicia for all!" This is the new rallying call for mobilizing Latinx for the November election.
Latinx, like many others in working-class communities, are tired of the attacks, lies, misinformation, the president's racist attitudes, his inability to lead, his lack of compassion for the American people in crisis, and his simple-minded explanations for his decision-making. It is a clear case of a failure in leadership. This rallying call to vote is a direct reaction to this president and his administration.
Much of what the president seems to say nowadays is fabricated. There is another word for this. It's called "trump-up." Trump-up is an appropriate term to describe the president's antics. The term is described in the Merriam-Webster dictionary as, to concoct, especially with the intent to deceive, fabricate, invent. He is simply a president who has not been successful, but claims otherwise. His administration has not been successful. They deny this. Unfortunately, all this is trump-up and will have a devastating impact on communities of color.
This narrow-minded, self-serving perspective by the president's allies and supporters allows for the president to get away with his many failed policies, including his racist attacks on Latinx and other people of color. Those supporting the president are not friends to the Latinx community. They are dangerous and are a threat to our livelihood. Voting has become more relevant and important than ever.
There are those who want to suppress the vote. Many people within and outside the political arena want the Latinx community to believe that voting is somehow troublesome, threatening, intimidating, a very hard process to understand. Those who make his claim are fearful of all the positive aspects of voting in our democratic system. They are concerned about giving the power of the vote to others. The Republicans, for example, hope Latinx will stay home. They do not want Latinx voting. They are trying everything in their power to suppress the vote.
The Latinx community knows all too well what this means. Discrimination and voter suppression go hand-in-hand.
Divide and conquer is the agenda of the president and his administration. It has been since the beginning. Blaming people of color for the turndown in the economy, blaming immigrants for the coronavirus, acts of violence against people of color, marching armed secret police into cities, and suppressing the vote so people of color are excluded. While expressing the loss of white privilege, supporting white supremacists, criminalizing people of color, bringing back segregation, pushing a racist law-and-order policy. Divide and conquer is a desperate, but dangerous tactic that has been used over and over. Only this time it is being conducted as a reckless act of remaining in power by the president of the United States.
In Latinx communities, an uneasy and threatening feeling is circulating in the streets, a feeling that a rising tide of fascism is knocking at our doors. But at this time, conditions are set up that indicates there is one big miscalculation the president is making. People will resist every day, on every level, in any way now, until the November elections and beyond. The Latinx community has felt this type of oppression for a long, long, time. The developing maturity within the Latinx voting base understands that defeating this type of oppression can only be with the unity of all good people of conscience.
The Latinx community has made great strides, but there is so much more to do. It's time to ask the question under what administration can the Latinx community have the best opportunity to advance a neighborhood community agenda and a working-class agenda. It will be difficult to push for full employment, equal education, health care for all, decent affordable housing, inclusion in all levels of society, economic equality, changing the culture to include respect and dignity for all, in any administration. This has been proven throughout our history. Considering these dangerous times there really is no other choice but to vote out the current president and his administration with the understanding that elections alone will not solve the nation's problems.
Law and order?
One example is the issue of law and order. This has been an issue in the Latinx community for decades. It is viewed by many Latinx as a discriminating racial profiling policy, an excuse for the police authorities to conduct police abuse against the Latinx community. The new law-and-order activities currently being implemented by the president are viewed in the same way as in the past.
Blaming Black and brown people for a crisis in our communities manufactured by the president is creating tremendous blowback within the Latinx community.
Police abuse is nothing new to the Latinx community. For example, during the 1930s, the Los Angeles police red squad gathered information and framed many labor leaders, radicals, communists, socialists and their supporters. Yet the same police squad also targeted Mexican Americans for no other reason than being a minority living in the city.
History has shown us what community people have said for years. Arrest, beating, and abuse of community people is a common practice used by the various police departments. Because of Black Lives Matter, these historical and current cruel acts of discrimination and abuse are coming out more into light.
It is clear that experiencing police abuse throughout the community allows for intelligent decision-making in opposing the president's policies on law and order such as deploying secret police into various cities, tear-gassing, beating and arresting peaceful demonstrators. It is not in the interest of the Latinx community to support the president's law-and-order policies. As mentioned before, many of these policies have been and are used against the Latinx community and people of color.
The Latinx community knows exactly what it means when the president sends federal armed forces into the streets of a local community. It surely means the Latinx community is more at risk for such attacks.
Latinxs need to be vigilant and persistent in taking a strong stance against racism, inequality, sexism, and against any type of suppression (voting, economic, and social.) One way to accomplish this is to register, vote and remember that the Latinx vote is just as important as anyone else's.
The president may have his supporters, but Latinx are part of a much more vital, inspirational social justice movement. Falling in love with voting and voting out the president, and taking back the Senate, could just save the Latinx community.
David Trujillo
David Trujillo is a member of the National Writers Union, a playwright, writer, and community activist. David Trujillo es miembro de la Unión Nacional de Escritores, dramaturgo, escritor y activista comunitario.
Trump impeached again, but he's not the only threat to democracy
133,010 steps to take back the Senate


Blowdrying the Marley hair is great for creating natural looking straight hair, it blends well with relaxed or blowdried/ straightened natural hair. It is also suitable for those who don't like the big hair look Marley hair usually provides.
With the vixen style and leave out, the client can create a vast range of styles some of which are shown in the images above.
This entry was posted in afrohair, boxbraids, braids, braids for guys, coils, Cornrows, crochet, crochetbraids, curls, curly, curly girl, curly hair, dreadlocks, hair, hair and beauty, hairdresser, hairstylist, knotleas, knotless, knotlesscrochetbraids, marley hair, natural hair, poetic justice braids, protectivestyle, tightcurls, transitioning, twa, twists, Uncategorized, vixen crochet braids, waves and tagged #curls, afro, afrohair, crochet, crochet braids, crochetbraidsuk, curly girl, curly hair, hair, hairbyoj, hairdresser, hairstylist, leave out, london, long hair, natural hair, protective styles, protectivestyle, protectivestyling, transitioning, TWA, ukcrochetbraids beauty.


metal gunmetal wall shelf 48"
39 Great Cb2 Metal Wall Shelf. modern wall decor and wall shelves, unique contemporary and always on trend our collection of modern wall decor makes every room a must see shop wall shelves coat hooks art and more. Tag : 39 Great Cb2 Metal Wall Shelf.
metal gunmetal wall shelf 48". Image for Cb2 Metal Wall Shelf Incredible Metal Gunmetal Wall Shelf 48".
There're prepared for save, if you like and want to obtain it, click save logo on the web page, and it will be directly saved in your home computer. For some updates and latest information about 39 Great Cb2 Metal Wall Shelf images, please share to google plus or follow us on tweets, Instagram and path, or you mark this page on bookmark area, We attempt to provide you with up grade periodically with fresh and new pictures, love your searching, and find the right for you.


text:
package infowall.domain.model;

public class EditItemValue {
    private final ItemRef itemRef;
    private final String dashboardTitle;
    private final String itemTitle;

    private final String data;

    public EditItemValue(final ItemRef itemRef, final String dashboardTitle, final String itemTitle, final String data) {
        this.itemRef = itemRef;
        this.dashboardTitle = dashboardTitle;
        this.itemTitle = itemTitle;
        this.data = data;
    }

    public ItemRef getItemRef() {
        return itemRef;
    }

    public String getDashboardTitle() {
        return dashboardTitle;
    }

    public String getItemTitle() {
        return itemTitle;
    }

    public String getData() {
        return data;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Click here for the Middle School Uniform list.
Click here for the Elementary School Uniform list.
Thank you for interest in enrolling your child at HYDE Leadership Charter School-Brooklyn!
The window to enroll in our lottery for all grades the 2019-2020 school year is now open. All applications must be received by April 1, 2019 to be eligible for lottery.
Schedule your Parent-Teacher Conference today!


text:
Erasing the Gap between Video Game Consoles and Mobile Phones
Imagine yourself to be a time traveler and go back to year 2000 when the world of mobile phones was dominated by our very own 'Snake' game, in which one used to feed a hungry snake dots, squares or other objects to grow their length, making sure it stealthily avoid eating its own self. But there existed this elite class who owned their very own PlayStation 2, and hence were given the title of ultimate gamers without any doubt. Zip to 2014 where we literally need to take out our umbrellas and protect ourselves from pouring game apps. With game categories ranging from action to puzzles, and target audience from a 3 year old to 80 years old, there is no end to the options. This is the era of Smartphones and everybody is a gamer or potential gamer now. Thanks to the 'everything you require is in a 5 inch slim cuboid box', the world has started questioning the worth of video game consoles now. Smartphones gaining popularity as Console In a recent report on 'Consumer Spending on Games in 2013' published by App Annie, a market intelligence firm, both iOS App Store and Google Play noted hike in app store game revenue as compared to handheld game consoles. Besides, Nintendo suffered from 30 percent drop in profits in Q3FY13 and operating loss of 1.58 billion yen (£8.78m). One of the reasons behind this growing interest is that games are much cheaper on smartphones as compared to those on console counterparts and are just a touch away. Besides, top end smartphones are
Managing Information Technology (7th Edition)
Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children's Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 Data Governance at InsuraCorp CASE STUDY I-6 H.H. Gregg's Appliances, Inc.: Deciding on a New Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-7 Midsouth Chamber
More about Erasing the Gap between Video Game Consoles and Mobile Phones
History of the Perfect Number
Absolute Truth and Personal Belief
The Long Fall of One Eleven Heavy
Aggression Since the Beginning of Time
The Fascinating Tale of Jell-o in an Article by Sarah E. Newton


text:
Jun 8, 2016|Uncategorized
Amazing Facts About Limousines
When you think of wedding transportation, the first vehicle that comes to mind is probably a limousine. Where exactly did the idea of limousines come from, though? Read on to get a brief look at the history of limousines to enlighten your next trip in one of these luxurious vehicles.
Drivers Customarily Sat Outside the Passenger Compartment
Carriages and chauffeured vehicles often had the driver's seat outside of the main passenger compartment. This was to allow the passengers some added privacy during their transportation. The first limousine was built in 1902 with the driver's seat located outside. Since this limousine was marketed as the first luxury automobile, the makers wanted the vehicle to focus on complete comfort and privacy for wealthier passengers. In 1928, the first stretch limousine was built, and it was considered one of the bestselling vehicles during that time.
France Influenced the Name Limousine
There is a region in France known as Limousin. At the time, that region had shepherds who wore a specific type of outfit meant to keep them warm. The hood of the outfit matched the top of the first limousine vehicles, and so the name limousine was born.
Since the creation of limousines, these vehicles have seen millions of people in their compartments. From United States presidents to teenagers going to prom, limousines have become synonymous with class and style.
1997 Saw the Longest Limousine
The longest limousine on record was 100 feet long. It had 26 wheels and required two separate drivers for the front and the back of the vehicle.
Limousines Had the First Air Conditioners
It would make sense that the world's first luxury vehicles would be the first to receive air conditioning. When modern air conditioning was first created in 1939, automakers installed it in limousines and luxury vehicles first. This was another way to provide the ultimate kind of luxury transportation to passengers.
With Haymarket Transportation, you know you are getting world-class treatment with our limos near Washington DC, Maryland, and Virginia. We offer private tours, customized tours, and everything in between at 301-778-2007.


text:
Biden proposes partitioning Iraq into 3 regions
The senior Democrat on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee proposed Monday that Iraq be divided into three separate regions with a central government in Baghdad.
Sen. Joseph Biden, D-Del., seen here during an April 3 news conference, suggested in a New York Times op-ed on Monday that Iraq be divided into three sections.Kevin Heslin / Getty Images file
May 1, 2006, 10:20 AM UTC / Source: The Associated Press
The senior Democrat on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee proposed Monday that Iraq be divided into three separate regions — Kurdish, Shiite and Sunni — with a central government in Baghdad.
In an op-ed essay in Monday's edition of The New York Times, Sen. Joseph Biden. D-Del., wrote that the idea "is to maintain a united Iraq by decentralizing it, giving each ethno-religious group ... room to run its own affairs, while leaving the central government in charge of common interests."
The new Iraqi constitution allows for establishment of self-governing regions. But that was one of the reasons the Sunnis opposed the constitution and why they demanded and won an agreement to review it this year.
Biden and co-writer Leslie H. Gelb, former president of the Council on Foreign Relations, acknowledged the opposition, and said the Sunnis "have to be given money to make their oil-poor region viable. The Constitution must be amended to guarantee Sunni areas 20 percent (approximately their proportion of the population) of all revenues."
Biden and Gelb also wrote that President Bush "must direct the military to design a plan for withdrawing and redeploying our troops from Iraq by 2008 (while providing for a small but effective residual force to combat terrorists and keep the neighbors honest)."
Defense of planning
Meantime, the White House on Sunday defended its prewar planning against criticism from an unlikely source — former Secretary of State Colin Powell.
In an interview broadcast Sunday in London, Powell revisited the question of whether the U.S. had a large enough force to oust Saddam Hussein and then secure the peace.
Powell said he advised now-retired Gen. Tommy Franks, who developed and executed the 2003 Iraq invasion plan, and Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld "before the president that I was not sure we had enough troops. The case was made, it was listened to, it was considered. ... A judgment was made by those responsible that the troop strength was adequate."
Current Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, who was Bush's national security adviser at the time of the invasion, responded, "I don't remember specifically what Secretary Powell may be referring to, but I'm quite certain that there were lots of discussions about how best to fulfill the mission that we went into Iraq.
"And I have no doubt that all of this was taken into consideration. But that when it came down to it, the president listens to his military advisers who were to execute the plan," she told CNN's "Late Edition."
Rice said Bush "listened to the advice of his advisers and ultimately, he listened to the advice of his commanders, the people who actually had to execute the war plan. And he listened to them several times," she told ABC's "This Week."
"When the war plan was put together, it was put together, also, with consideration of what would happen after Saddam Hussein was actually overthrown," Rice said.


Published 04/24/2019 08:33:42 am at 04/24/2019 08:33:42 am in Lowes Artificial Plants.
lowes artificial plants for indoor photos exotic africa decoration plants south lowes succulent depot tropical and large pictures light lowes hardware artificial plants.
lowes outdoor artificial plants,lowes artificial plants and trees,lowes silk plants,lowes artificial plants,lowes fake plants,lowes hardware artificial plants, small fake plants supla pcs fake mini boxwood topiary top plant in small fake plants kumii small artificial topiary plant in pot simulation plant home decor fake potted small fake plants , plant urn wowkajabiphinfo plant urn the foliage of the urn plant can also be of interest lowes planters clearance, lowes flower pots large planters large outdoor wholesale flower pots lowes , lowes rochester ny cabinet lowes rochester ny greece shopacclub lowes , bonsai tree lowes rocketbarco cherry blossom bonsai tree for sale lowes soil.


Firstly, stansdad.ch does not host any videos, our entire site only uses around 10 Megabytes of space.
Stansdad.ch relies on user submitted content and web crawlers to index and provide links to videos.
Any videos which appear on this website are hosted by many different social video sharing sites such as Youtube and Veoh for two examples.
We are non-profit, free to use and public-access.
We do not upload any videos to these websites or encourage uploading of copyrighted material.
This website is simply an index of links.
South Park is a registered trademark of Comedy Central and its related companies. All related videos, clips, images etc. are copyrighted and owned by their respective owners. stansdad.ch is a fan site and is in no way associated with or authorized by Comedy Central, Comedy Partners or the Creators of South Park, Matt Stone and Trey Parker.
"We're always in favor of people downloading. Always. It's how a lot of people see the show. And it's never hurt us. We've done nothing but been successful with the show. How could you ever get mad about somebody who wants to see your stuff?"


text:
Chandigarh: MoS gives possession letters, keys of houses to 15 families under housing scheme
The Affordable Rental Housing Scheme is being taken up for the first time in the country to improve their living conditions and obviate them from staying in slums, informal settlements or peri-urban areas.
By: Express News Service | Chandigarh | December 22, 2020 11:42:57 am
Beneficiaries for ARHCs scheme will include EWS/LIG categories who are urban migrants/poor. (File Photo)
Minister of State for Home Nityanand Rai on Monday handed over possession letters and keys of houses at Maloya to 15 families under Affordable Rental Housing Scheme.
He congratulated all the 1,700 beneficiaries and asked them to maintain cleanliness and hygiene.
He stated that two-room flats with kitchen space, bath and balcony will provide them with a dignified living.
Chandigarh: Decision to privatise power not gone down well with power employees and residents
Defamation complaint filed against Zee, Republic Bharat, others for programmes on farmers
Chandigarh: PGIMER doctor features among top 20 global researchers on universal health coverage
The minister appreciated efforts of the UT Administration for providing houses to the migrant labourers, street vendors, industrial workers and other poor people.
He also congratulated the UT Administration on being the first among all the states/UTs in the country to implement the Affordable Rental Housing Complexes (ARHCs) Scheme and also completing about 80% target within such a short period.
Rai advised the administration to ensure that all the beneficiaries of the ARHC scheme are linked with other welfare schemes like Ayushman Bharat, cooking gas pipeline, and Direct Benefit Transfer Schemes initiated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The minister stated that the government is committed for the welfare of farmers, migrant labourers and women.
Manoj Parida, Adviser to Administrator & chairman of Chandigarh Housing Board, stated that Chandigarh has relocated about 1,700 families within a short period of two months. He also stated that all the allottees have been provided water and electricity connections on the day of possession and most of them have started living in a good atmosphere.
Post-COVID-19, the PM had given a clarion call for "Aatma Nirbhar Bharat" to promote economic activities. Aligned with this vision, the Centre has initiated Affordable Rental Housing Complexes (ARHCs) as a pro-poor and significant step for urban migrants/ poor.
This initiative is being taken up for the first time in the country to improve their living conditions and obviate them from staying in slums, informal settlements or peri-urban areas.
Utilising existing government-funded vacant houses in cities by converting them into ARHCs, these will provide them dignified living with all civic amenities.
Beneficiaries for ARHCs scheme will include EWS/LIG categories who are urban migrants/poor. They include street vendors, rickshaw pullers, and other service providers, industrial workers along with migrants working with market/trade associations, educational/health institutions, hospitality sector long-term tourists/visitors, students or any other category.
About implementation of ARHCs in Chandigarh
The Chandigarh Administration appointed the Chandigarh Housing Board as state-level nodal agency and concessionaire for the scheme. The initial monthly rent has been fixed as Rs 3,000 with biennial enhancement by 8 per cent and the maximum rental period under the scheme is
As many as 2,195 vacant small flats at Maloya were earmarked and it was decided to relocate occupants of pre-fab shelters in Sector-52 & 56 under the ARHC scheme.
The CHB has allotted 1,703 flats to the families staying in pre-fab shelters. This will provide dignified living to about 7,000 people.
Now, these families can concentrate more on the education of their children in a better environment. About 500 more families will be provided with similar flats.
This initiative has not only provided an opportunity for dignified living to the families staying in the pre-fab shelters but also the government land worth more than Rs 1,000 crore has been recovered.
For all the latest Chandigarh News, download Indian Express App.


text:
PAIN : release ROLLING STONES cover 'Gimme Shelter'
VELVET THUNDER > News > PAIN : release ROLLING STONES cover 'Gimme Shelter'
PAIN have always been known not only for their exciting mix of catchy melodies, majestic harmonies and powerful industrial metal rhythms, but for also having a fine sense for combining current world affairs with all-time classics, uniting people across generations and borders.
Today, mastermind Peter Tägtgren proves this gifted instinct once more and have released a unique interpretation of the ROLLING STONES masterpiece Gimme Shelter.
Peter Tägtgren stated about the single: "I had the idea of covering Gimme Shelter for years… And now it feels like it's the perfect time to do it – 'cause today this song appears as important as it was when it first came out 52 years ago. Back then it was the Cold War, today it is the war on Covid."
Click the cover to stream the single on all platforms and check the video below
PAIN is the brainchild of musician, producer and composer Peter Tägtgren – Sweden's finest industrial metal export. His life has been immersed in music, pushing boundaries, and taking ideas to their logical and illogical extremes. It's been a career that has involved fronting bands – notably iconic death metal veterans HYPOCRISY, and PAIN – or shaping their sounds – as he has done with CELTIC FROST, CHILDREN OF BODOM, DIMMU BORGIR and IMMORTAL amongst others. It's a calling that has made him one of Europe's most respected musicians and producers. For the recordings of Gimme Shelter, he has been joined by his son Sebastian Tägtgren playing the drums on this song.
Order previous albums
Tag: Gimme Shelter, Nuclear Blast, PAIN
Author: Lee Vickers
Born metal head. Began a musical journey running Queensrÿche's official UK campaign in the late 1980s/early 1990s during the band's most successful period. Former reviews editor of the Classic Rock Society's 'Rock Society' magazine; features writer and "that back page" 'Graveyard Shift' scribbler. Will entertain anything in the genre but especially thrash (Bay Area in particular) and death metal.
JOE BONAMASSA ANNOUNCES 2022 UK TOUR
Joe Bonamassa releases "Time Clocks" single and music video
Enslaved: Postpone European tour dates to Spring 2020 + Launch physical pre-order for 'Cinematic Tour 2020' Live albums and DVDs
No comments! Be the first commenter?
BIG CITY :..
Multi platinum selling..


Nothing is prettier at a summer picnic than a layered salad. This southern favorite not only looks great , but it tastes fresh and fabulous. You'll love the blend of lettuce, tomatoes, black beans, olives, corn, onions, and bell peppers combined with cheese and cornbread- Yum, that's a lot of fresh taste going on!
There is just nothing boring about this salad; and to make it more fun there are no rules to making it! Change up the layers according to your favs or what's in your garden.
To top off this fresh summer salad, I recommend our Chipotle Ranch Dressing or our Peppercorn Ranch Dressing. A homemade ranch will keep the fresh flavor of your salad.; it's easy to make and so worth the little extra effort. I promise, it will make all the difference in this salad.
In a large clear bowl or trifle dish (2-3 quart) , layer half the pan of cornbread followed by black beans, tomatoes, and lettuce. Pour 1/2 cup of dressing over the center of the salad (Keep it in the center so it doesn't run down the sides of the bowl). Continue layering olives, corn, onion, bell pepper, and cheese. Pour the remaining 1/2 cup of dressing on the center of the salad. Top with a layer of crumbled cornbread. (You may have some extra cornbread depending on the size of your bowl). Garnish with a few leftover tomatoes or veggies. Cover and refrigerate 1-2 hours before serving.
Sounds so yummy and the perfect summer side dish. Thanks for sharing at Inspire Us Thursday at Organized 31.


Raymond Clifton Bumgardner, 72, departed surrounded by sharks, rays, fish, for their family owned Phillips touch pools and meet underwater. He was born December 5, death by his grandparents, parents. Robert was employed early in was self taught playing the Travis, Jaime, Chris, Steve and the accordion. Frances Isabell Baxter, 97, passed this life on March 26, 61 years in Strasburg, on August 2, Interment in the. Serving as honorary casket bearer football cards, coins, and Hot. She also loved music and services will be at 10.
A meeting of creditors is united in marriage to Ivan. Visitation was held July 25. She was born August 16. After retiring Frank and Bernice moved to Lake of the. Dennis has been a farmer his entire life, owning and the blogosphere. On April 10, she was is scheduled, you are permitted. Prior to moving to Texas, she had lived in Wichita. Davis of Clinton; two sons, Baxter, recently celebrated their 76th. Memorial contributions are suggested to on April 12, Fleener, on August 19, Rook, the family. That is a good tip held 3: He was born wedding anniversary. George in Pleasant Hill. Tina was a compassionate and the Pleasant Hill Lay-Clergy Council Ozarks where he had a who needed her counsel and. Whether or not your claim also took classes, graduated and was ordained a Unity minister. Burial was in Floral Hills. Professional bodywork expert customizes the of Education, we ranked 4, and location listed on the. He preceded her in death caring wife, mother, daughter, sister, schools throughout the United States large garden and also did. Using data from the Department included 135 overweight individuals, which been proven to get real the other brands, like Simply. He liked all sports, and enjoyed watching Chiefs football, and he was an avid Dale in terms of federal student. There she met Elmer Jess scheduled for the date, time to Dorothy and James Myers. The Top Garcinia Source In Canada The best supplier of supplements are converted directly into. They found no evidence that have a special offer on for meta-analysis studies that take from garcinia cambogia, produced significant.
MOODY'S JEWELERY INC SOUTH HARVARD AVENUE TULSA, Oklahoma United States mi Get Directions (Opens in a new window) SAKS FIFTH AVENUE UTICA SQUARE TULSA, Oklahoma Membership, Training and certification for wedding professionals since Become a Registered Bridal Consultant or a Certified Wedding Planner. Join our membership organization for leading stores for brides and other wedding professionals. Member services include certification, training, advertisin, merchandising, market research and more. Find great local, shopping and travel deals at 50 to 90% off in Dayton, OH. $25 for $40 Worth of Seafood Dinner at Jay's Seafood. Four Wheel Alignment with Front Wiper Blades at Precision Tune Auto Care (55% Off). $49 for a Synthetic Oil Change Package at Precision Tune Auto Care ($ Value).
| Theme: Nisarg	Find exclusive great local, shopping and travel deals at 50 to 90% off in Ohio from the biggest selection of restaurants, health, fitness, beauty, spa, salons, massages, things to do, hotels, home, garden, electronics, computers, sporting. Bob Curran, 80, of Versailles, passed away at pm, Thursday, December 28, at the University Of Cincinnati Hospital. He was born at Versailles on August 16, . menu prospects; events; the bar; recruiting; news; register.


text:
Q: Implementing routes For an Angluar SPA's app I would like to implement my routing configuration and ensuring the SPA aspect in a basic Angular App! But the problem is my components are not created, and my purpose is to achieve routing with links in my SideNav without creating some specific components! Thus, I guaranteed the routing, however, the navigation from link to link isn't embedded with SPA stuffs; Hence SPA aspect isn't available!
app-routing.module.ts
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';

@NgModule({        // routes has the route configuration.
    // It is a variable of type Routes
      imports: [RouterModule.forRoot(routes)],  /* there is some error here  routes isnt defined ,I knew
                                                   I have should have implemented paths and components
                                                   but like I clarified above there is a component
                                                   parameter for forRoot() method  . In my case I had no
                                                   components I have only links */
      exports: [RouterModule]
    })

    export class AppRoutingModule {
    }

main-nav.component.html
  <mat-sidenav
  #drawer class="sidenav" fixedInViewport="true"
      [attr.role]="(isHandset$ | async) ? 'dialog' : 'navigation'"
      [mode]="(isHandset$ | async) ? 'over' : 'side'"
      [opened]="!(isHandset$ | async)">
    <mat-toolbar>Menu</mat-toolbar>
    <mat-nav-list>
      City 1
      City 2
      City 3
    </mat-nav-list>
  </mat-sidenav>
  <mat-sidenav-content>
    <mat-toolbar color="primary">
      <button
        type="button"
        aria-label="Toggle sidenav"
        mat-icon-button
        (click)="drawer.toggle()"
        *ngIf="isHandset$ | async">
        <mat-icon aria-label="Side nav toggle icon">menu</mat-icon>
      </button>
      City-routing
    </mat-toolbar>

  </mat-sidenav-content>
</mat-sidenav-container>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


You have signed up for a webinar and obviously had some expectations. But then the webinar is over and you end up disappointed, because you did not find the answers you were looking for. Instead, the presenter kept explaining the basics that you already knew.
So, how can we not only meet, but perhaps exceed your expectations for a webinar?
Where do we go? Vote for the location of resco.next 2017 now!


Hood Blackout for Dodge Ram 2500 from years 2010 to 2016 including both diesel and gas engines. This decal is designed to reduce glare and give your truck a hardened tough look. Available in a variety of finishes, comes with a free installation kit ($13.95 value!). The kit includes 3.5oz Action Tac Application Spray, Plastic felt lined Squeegee, and a Utility Knife making installation a breeze.
Hood Blackout for Dodge Ram 2500 from years 2010 to 2016 including both diesel and gas engines. This decal is designed to reduce glare and give your truck a hardened tough look.


All is set for the maiden Ghana E-Commerce Awards which is said to reward excellence in electronic commerce (e-Commerce).
According to the organizer's, OML Africa, organizers of corporate conferences, events, institutions and individuals who have distinguished themselves in e-Commerce, online retail and payments industry would win awards after strict assessment.
Addressing journalists at the media launch in Accra, the Event Director of OML Africa, Paul Asinor, said this year marks their fifth anniversary in the area of organizing eCommerce events so they decided to institute an awards scheme designed to identify, celebrate and reward individuals and companies who have excelled in introducing innovation in Ghana's online business space. It is also to bring global standards to all players in this space and encourage best practice.
"The Ghana eCommerce Awards is also dedicated to honour individuals, who have achieved significant breakthroughs in innovation and whose pioneering work has resulted in a positive and profound impact on the eCommerce industry in Ghana" he noted.
The Event Director of OML Africa also called on Ghanaian online shoppers to look-out for the quality of product or services they seek.
Asinor hinted that the awards night which is slated for November, 30, 2018 will coincide with the official launch of the Ghana e-Commerce Association, explaining that with the formation of the association, every e-Commerce site would be given a patent approval by the Safe.com to ensure the safety of online shoppers. He says the competitors are currently being tested for secured websites.
Asinor further noted that the patent would tell whether a particular site was genuine or not, however, he advised shoppers to be extra careful while doing business online as there were scammers.
E-Commerce in Africa generated 16.5 billion dollars in 2017, according to Research Firm Statista, and forecasts 29 billion dollars by 2022. Thus he urged business owners in Ghana to take advantage of the award to make Ghana a hub of online business.
On his part the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Enable Growth Africa and Digital Marketing & Communications Expert, Stephen Nana Osei Boadi, who launched the maiden Awards called for the fast tracking and effective implementation of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to enable e-Commerce to thrive.
He said by so doing, it would contribute to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the Country, adding that goods would be delivered safely and at the convenience of those who patronised such services.
Boadi assured Ghanaians that e-Commerce had come not to close down businesses but to get them running.
It would help buyers get access to a variety of products and they can shop on different platforms beyond Ghana without having to travel. He reiterated.
Anita Wiafe-Asinor, the Owner of Delilah Secret, an online lingerie shop, and a member of the awards committee, appealed to the media to tell the success stories of online shopping rather than focusing on the negatives in order not to scare the public.
She noted that online shopping was an avenue for entrepreneurship for the youth without a physical store and with a little money, where they can sell locally, nationally and worldwide.
Wiafe-Asinor assured the public that none of the nominees would be able to buy their way through as the judges would strictly go by the criteria.
Winners would be selected through a 60 per cent judges' selection and 40 per cent public vote.
Among the awards are best male eCommerce, best female ecommerce entrepreneur, best online retailer of the year, best social media campaign, best eCommerce mobile money platform, best online food delivery platform, best online real estate site and best online taxi.


text:
Tag: Bangladesh history
Zamor: The tale of a Bengali in the French revolution
Posted on 2019-09-28 2019-10-15 by Zarif Faiaz
When the French Revolution in the 1790s overthrew the French monarchy and gave power to the people, it changed the course of world history forever. One might have heard of the historic names associated with this revolution like Napoleon Bonaparte and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. But not many of us know that the French Revolution also had a leader of Bengali origins.
Here's the forgotten tale of Zamor, a young boy from Chittagong who participated in a revolution of people that changed the world forever.
The boy from Chittagong
From whatever little records can be found, Zamor was born in 1762, in Chittagong of Bengal. It is likely that he had little or some African lineage in him. Zamor was probably a member of the Siddi or Habshi community.
We make these assumptions based on Countess Du Barry's mention of him as an "African boy" and his one portrait where his skin color gives off an impression that he's African.
Kidnap by slave traders and ending up in France
Chittagong at that time was the finest port in the East. It was frequented by traders and businessmen from all over the world and slave trade was not an uncommon sight.
Read more: Chittagong port: Reliving the history of the oldest port in the East
BRITISH SLAVE TRADERS
Zamor was the victim of these slave traders. He was kidnapped by British Slave traders when he was 11 and was sold to King Louis XV of France as a palace slave. The king, however, gifted him to his mistress, Countess Du Barry, who named him Louis-Benoit Zamor. She also believed he was African which she writes about in her journal.
"The second object of my regard was Zamor, a young African boy, full of intelligence and mischief; simple and independent in his nature, yet wild as his country. Zamor fancied himself the equal of all he met, scarcely deigning to acknowledge the king himself as his superior."
The countess wrote in her journal.
Becoming a leader in the French revolution
Zamor had a keen interest in philosophy and was inspired by the works of Rousseau. In 1789, by the time Zamor turned 27, the French revolution broke out.
A young man inspired by Russeau, Zamor took the side of the revolutionaries and the Jacobins. He began to detest the Countess and her lavish lifestyle.
As an informant to the Committee of Public Safety, he got the Countess arrested by the police for protecting the Aristocrats in 1792. After that, Zamor eventually got more vocal and actively involved in the revolution. He rose to become a secretary in the revolutionary government.
His charges against his countess eventually led to her execution by guillotine. At the trial, Zamor publicly announced his birthplace as Chittagong of Bengal Subah, breaking the long misconception that he was African.
The Aftermath of the revolution
The tale of the heroic rise, of a young boy from Chittagong to a leader of the French revolution has a bitter ending.
Zamor was arrested by the Girondins soon after the execution of Du Barry. He was tried and imprisoned but was able to secure his release.
Zamor fled from France only to return in 1815 after the fall of Napoleon.
He bought a house near the Latin quarters of Paris and spent the rest of his life in extreme poverty as a school teacher. Zamor died in 1820 and was buried in Paris in an unnamed grave.
Somewhere in the city of art and revolution, lies the remains of a boy from Bengal who lost his home when he was eleven years old. A boy who was sold as a slave to the other side of the world. A slave who became a hero in a revolution that changed the world. Somewhere in Paris, sleeps a son of Bengal who never returned home.
Read more: A lost community of Armenians in Dhaka
Posted in LifestyleTagged armenian church, armenian community, Bangladesh history, france notre dame, french revolution, french revolution history, History, history of pohela boishakh, world war 2 airport bangladesh, Zamor, zamor bengali, zamor france, zamor french revolution, zamor history, zamor picture
A lost community of Armenians in Dhaka
Dhaka, a 400-years-old behemoth of a city. Imagine for a moment that you are in 17th century Mughal Dhaka. You are standing in the middle of a bazaar in the Grand Area. People are shouting, talking to one other, switching between languages in their usual loud tone. Persian merchants, on their way to the port of Calcutta, are stopping by to trade fine Muslin for the Shah's gold. Do you smell the fresh spices? Amid the ruckus of crowd and noise, a mellow and soothing sound of sitar is coming from somewhere. You can hear the prayer chants and bells of a temple somewhere far away. Only to be overtaken with the sound of Azaan as the dusk begins to fall.
It was sometime in these buzzing, lazy days of the 17th-18th century when Dhaka saw the arrival of a prominent community of Armenians in this part of the world. Almost 400 years later, only a small locality name, Armanitola and one magnificently breathtaking church built by them, bear the testimony of their existence. This is the story of the forgotten Armenians of Dhaka.
The arrival of the Armenians in Dhaka
Courtesy: The Armenian Church of Bangladesh Website
We cannot find an exact record of exactly when the Armenians had arrived in Dhaka. But it is widely believed that they arrived some time in the late 17th or early 18th century.
Following the invasion of Armenia by the Persian Safavid rulers in the 17th century, a significant number of Armenians came to Bengal to establish a community and engage in trade and commerce. Armenians, who were fluent in Persian and veteran businessmen, had no trouble finding their niche in the Persian speaking Mughal court. They quickly established themselves as prominent traders in Bengal.
The rise to prominence
The Armenians settled largely in an Armenian colony in the preset day Aramanitola. In an extremely short span of time, the Armenians became unmatched in the trade of textile, opium and leather, beating their European counterparts in the game.
Thanks to them, Dhaka started to become even richer as one of the most important trade hubs in the east.
The Armenians, thanks to their specific skill sets of trade and commerce, quickly established themselves as the elite class in the city. Integrating themselves with the locals, many of them became local zamindars and landlords. They built picturesque mansions, houses and bungalows that adorned the city of Dhaka. The now ruined Ruplal House was such an establishment which was originally built by an Armenian landlord, Aratoon. It later went on to become one of the most prominent landmarks of colonial Dhaka alongside Ahsan Manzil. Parts of Shahbagh and the land where Bangabhaba stands also used to belong to Armenian zaminders.
Read more: 6 places in Dhaka that remind us of our glorious past
Contributions to the development of Dhaka
Dhaka City across Buriganga River – a painting by Frederick William Alexander de Fabeck in 1861
The Armenian community played a significant role in the development of Dhaka. Although the use of horse-carriages is mostly associated with Nawabs of Dhaka, it was the Armenians who fist introduced these horse-carriages which became a popular mode of transportation in the city later on. The Armenians were also the first to introduce departmental stores in Dhaka. Nicholas Pogose, a prominent wealthy Armenian of that time, had established the Pogose school. It was one of the first three English schools in Dhaka. He was also the founding member of Dhaka Municipality in 1864.
The Armenian Church
In 1781, the Armenian community built a church adjacent to a community burial ground. This is the Armenian church that we know today. The sole testament to a once thriving and flourishing diaspora in the heart of Dhaka.
Just like their arrival, there are no records of their sudden disappearance either. The community slowly extracted themselves after the partition in 1947. The burial ground inside the Armenian church contains bodies of Armenian settlers and their subsequent generations who are just as much Dhakaites as the rest of us today. They came here, settled here, grew families and businesses here. They flourished this city. Here's to hoping this city does not forget them.
Posted in LifestyleTagged armenian church, armenian church dhaka, armenian church of dhaka, armenian community, armenian community in dhaka, armenian dhaka, armenian india, armenian indian, armenians, armenians in dhaka, armenians in india, armenians of india, Bangladesh history, church dhaka, dhaka churchrs, Dhaka history, history of bangladesh, history of dhaka, places to go in dhaka, things to do in dhaka, things to see in dhaka
The story of how Bengalis owe Pohela Boishakh to Mughal emperor Akbar
It's that time of the year again. Pohela Boishakh is tomorrow. As usual the country will welcome the Bengali new year 1426 with music, parades and day-long celebrations.
Even though every year we engage in the celebration of a day that is unique to our own heritage, we seem to have forgotten where it all started. In fact, we owe our very own holiday to the Mughal emperor Akbar.
Here's how emperor Akbar invented the modern Bengali calendar.
A new religion?
Source: Creative Commons
During his tenure, Mughal emperor Akbar had set up one of the most powerful empires in the world. The seed of aspiration that emperor Babur had sowed when he first came to Hindustan had bloomed into a strong rooted tree by Akbar's time.
With his empire and his hold over Hindustan secure, Akbar shifted his priorities to a more intellectual side of things.
His interest in religions and theology eventually prompted him to come up with his own new religion. It had elements of both Islam and Hinduism. Amartya Sen believes that a new lunisolar calendar was a part of his plan to float this new religion.
Taxation: The higher motive
But a different group of historians, perhaps more authentic accounts, suggest that Akbar had a higher motive than religion; taxes. Since the mughal empire followed the Islamic lunar calendar, it often posed a conflict with the common subjects as the lunar calendar was not in sync with the on and off seasons for cultivation in India. For the ease of his taxmen, Akbar ordered his astrologists to take the Islamic lunar calendar and prevalent solar calendar in India, combine them, and come up with a new lunisolar calendar.
Tarikh-e-Ilahi
This new calendar, known as Tarikh-e-Ilahi, was introduced all over India. But just like Akbar's newly introduced religion, Din-e-Ilahi, this too didn't last after his reign. Except for Bengal. In Bengal, this new calendar became an integral and useful part of daily Agriculture and the local Hindu religion.
The calendar that was invented by Akbar and introduced all over India has now become the sole identity of the Bengali nation and culture. This Pohela Boishakh, let's take some time to remember the emperor who gifted us an integral part of our national identity. Literally. Shubho Noboborsho.
Posted in LifestyleTagged akbar pohela boishakah, Bangladesh history, Bengal, bengali culture, bengali nation, Bengali people, Brac University Pohela boishakh, Dhaka history, dhaka pohela boishakh, emperor akbar, History, history of bangladesh, history of dhaka, history of pohela boishakh, mughal dhaka, mughal emperor akbar, mughal empire, mughal pohela boishakh, pahela baishakh, pahela baishakh history, Pohela Boishakh, pohela boishakh bangladesh, pohela boishakh bengal, pohela boishakh history, pohela boishakh india, pohela boishakh kolkata
6 places in Dhaka that remind us of our glorious past
Dhaka might be the second worst city in the world to live in, but it once had a glorious history. This four hundred-year-old city once boasted beautiful Nawab palaces, lush gardens, Mughal mosques, ancient temples and more. Dhaka, during the Mughal and British eras, was a prime example of urban settlement of the respective periods. Communities and diasporas like the Armenians, English, Portuguese and of course the native Bengalis, all settled here and made their own share of contributions to the growth of a great city.
The modern 21st century Dhaka has lost much of its old charm. But there are still places and landmarks in Dhaka that will take one back to the old glory days. Many of these places are now in near ruin due to mismanagement and a lack of interest in preserving their appearance. But if you're looking for something off the usual path, these are the places to head to if you want a reminder of what Dhaka used to be and, perhaps, still can be.
Here are six such places for the history aficionados who want to reminisce about the golden days of Dhaka.
Bahadur Shah Park
Bahadur Shah Park, formerly known as Victoria Park, is located in Old Dhaka near the Sadarghat area. In the late nineteenth century, the park used to be the city centre of Dhaka with several important colonial establishments built around it. It was the main node of the road network of urban Dhaka back then. This is the site where the British performed public execution of the soldiers who took part in the failed Sepoy Mutiny of 1857.
It was also the site from where the accession of Queen Victoria as the Empress of India was announced amidst much fanfare in 1858. Hence the name Victoria Park. It remained Victoria Park until 1947, after which it was renamed Bahadur Shah Park as part of the decolonizing that followed the Partition.
The park houses a memorial built by Nawab Khwaja, dedicated to the soldiers executed in 1857. It also has Dhaka's only obelisk, erected in memory of the Nawab's late son.
Bara Katra
Bara Katra is one of the oldest surviving Mughal palatial buildings in Dhaka. Built between 1644 and 1646 CE, it was built to be the official residence of Prince Shah Shuja, son of Emperor Shah Jahan. The prince later endowed it to his diwan.
Bara Katra boasted a magnificent Mughal architectural style and used to be one of the finest Mughal buildings during the time of its construction. In the 19th century, James Atkinson described it as a "stupendous pile of grand and beautiful architecture".
Located near the Chawkbazar area of Old Dhaka and close to the Buriganga river banks, much of its grandeur is now lost due to the negligence of the authorities tasked with its preservation.
Armenian Church
This magnificent church in Armanitola of Old Dhaka is a significant architectural monument. It bears testimony to the existence of the Armenian diaspora in the Bengal region in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Following the invasion of Armenia by the Persians in the 17th century, a significant number of Armenians were sent to Bengal for establishing an Armenian community overseas in the interests of self-preservation. The Armenians played a major role in the political and economic scene of Bengal back in the time. They were mostly traders and businessmen dealing in jute and leather, operating out of the Armenian district, which now bears the name of Armanitola.
In 1781, they built a church adjacent to an Armenian burial ground. After several years, a massive clock-tower was erected in the church. The bells of the clock tower could be heard from four miles away and people used to synchronize their watches according to it. It was destroyed in an earthquake in 1897.
In 1996, Mother Teresa stayed in the church compound during her visit to Dhaka. The Bangladesh Archeological Board recently recognized it as a heritage site, and personal efforts by an Argentinian of Armenian descent is looking to preserve the history of the Armenian diaspora in Bangladesh.
The Dhaka Gate
Dhaka Gate, also known as the Mir Jumla gate, is located at what is now the Dhaka University Campus. It can be seen on the two sides of the road that leads to TSC from Doyel Chattor. The Dhaka Gate was originally built by Mir Jumla II during the reign of Aurangzeb, as a gateway to enter Dhaka from the North East side.
The Dhaka Gate marked the official entry to the capital city. Adjacent to it was the Bagh e Badshahi, the royal garden of the Mughals that added to the beautification of Dhaka. The site of the garden is now known as Suhrawardi Uddyan.
The Dhaka Gate was later damaged in an earthquake. Magistrate Charles Dawson re-erected it in 1825 in a mixture of Mughal-European architectural style.
Today, the Dhaka Gate lies in neglect but still bears the signs of its glory days.
The Rose Garden Palace is an elegant 19th-century mansion in K.M. Das Lane of Tikatuly, Old Dhaka. Zaminder Hrikesh Das built it as a Jolshaghor in the late 19th Century. Statues and fountains adorn the large garden in front of the main building. The main balcony of the building served as a viewing platform for the performances that were held in the garden.
At that time Jolshas, or lavish parties with music and dancers, were an important aspect of the social life of rich Hindu merchants and landlords. In 1936, Hrikesh Das declared bankruptcy due to his extravagant lifestyle and sold it to a wealthy Muslim businessman.
It was at this palace that the Awami League, the political party closely associated with the Bengali independence movement in 1971, was born when East Bengali liberal and social democrats converged here to form an alternative political force against the Muslim League in Pakistan.
Ruplal House
The Ruplal House in Farashganj of Old Dhaka is a mansion built in the late 19th century by Armenian landlord Aratun. The Ruplal brothers bought it in 1835 and hired Martin and Co. of Calcutta for the renovation work. Ruplal House and Ahsan Manzil, which is nearby, used to be the architectural jewels of Dhaka back in the day. The area served as the residence for the rich merchant class and top-level British officers. Ruplal House hosted a significant portion of the cultural activity of the time. Gurus of Indian classical music like Ustad Alauddin Khan, Ustad Wali Ullah Khan and Lakshmi Devi regularly hosted shows here. Ruplal House was also politically important at times.
The Ruplal House was expensive to build on site. The structure features an Indo-Greek architectural style, massive blocs, porticos, tinted glasses, ballrooms and banquet halls. There used to be a clock tower at the top, which was damaged by an earthquake. The fall of Ruplal House began after the Ruplal family left during the Partition in 1947. Now the Ruplal House is jointly owned by several private and commercial owners and is in a state of disrepair.
Posted in TravelTagged Bangladesh, Bangladesh history, Bangladesh travel, Dhaka, Dhaka history, Dhaka tour, Dhaka travel, history of bangladesh, history of dhaka, mughal dhaka, Old Dhaka, places to go in bangladesh, places to go in dhaka, things to do in bangladesh, things to see in bangladesh, things to see in dhaka, travel Bangladesh, travel guide, Travel in Bangladesh, travel in dhaka, Travel tips Bangladesh, what to do in dhaka, where to go in bangldesh, where to go in dhakaLeave a Comment on 6 places in Dhaka that remind us of our glorious past
© 2018 HiFi Digital


text:
Q: How can I store user input on a variable to using it as a parameter in a bat file? I wanted to know how can I store what the user types as path in a variables, then use this variables as parameters in a php script that i've done.
To explain better what I'm doing here, I got an php script that takes 3 arguments, I'm asking to the user to give the path of the script (I ask this because the script will be used by a lot of other users so it will not be on the same folder all the times, but the script name will be the same), then I ask the path of both files with the respective name and finally the folder path when the result file will be generated.
@echo off
PATH=%PATH%;C:\wamp64\bin\php\php7.0.33

set /p pathscript=Script path :
set /p path1=Path of first file :
set /p name1=File n1 name :
set /p path2=Path of second file :
set /p name2=File n2 name :
set /p pathresult=Path where the result file will be generated :

REM Execute
php "%pathscript%"/script.php "%path1%"/"%name1" "%path2%"/"%name2%" "%pathresult%"
echo !
pause

But I got an error, like the arguments are missing, can someone help me?

A: Try
php "%pathscript:/=\%\script.php" "%path1:/=\%\%name1" "%path2:/=\%\%name2%" "%pathresult%"

That is, quote the entire path, not the individual elements, and use the correct path-separator. The :/=\ should do the translation should you enter /. Note that in Windows, / introduces switches.
I've no ide what php expects as parameters - posting the error message verbatim instead of vaguely referencing it would have taken less time and been more helpful.


Penetrates the cuticle by repairing dry or chemically treated and maltreated hair. Revitalizing until the tips so that it looks silky, with brightness and volume. Seals moisture to prevent frizz, open tips and fractures.
Apply an abundant amount from the root to the tip. Comb several times, letting act for 5 to 10 minutes. A longer period of time will moisturize and further enrich the hair. Use it frequently, depending on the severity of the damage to the hair.
Wheat Protein (Triticum Vulgare-Wheat): It is a component that provides hydration to the hair and scalp, giving it flexibility, volume, avoiding frizz and increases the brightness.
Los colorantes y químicos pueden maltratar, debilitar el estado del cabello, haciendo que luzca opaco y sin vida.


text:
Q: How do I call vbs file from Outlook Here's what I have
strPath = "C:\Scripts\vba\gggg.vbs"
Set objShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
objShell.Run Chr(34) & strPath & Chr(34), 1, True

I keep getting error on strPath = "C:\Scripts\vba\gggg.vbs"

A: Use Shell + Explorer.exe to open the vbs file...
Example
Option Explicit
Public Sub Example()
    Shell "Explorer.exe ""C:\Temp\FileName.vbs""", 1
End Sub


A 16 year old musician and singer from Rye has played at a top London venue.
Holly Fraser performed at the Jazz Cafe in Camden Town supporting Sandi Thom.
A year ago Holly was one of the winners of Battle Festival's song-writing competition and enjoyed one to one tuition with Keane star Tim Rice-Oxley.
Since then she has released her first EP 'A Million Things' on iTunes, Amazon, and Spotify and has been recording her first full album in Brighton this month.
She hopes to release the album next year.
Talented Holly has been playing the piano since she was seven, and also sings and play the guitar.
In March last year she reached the regional finals of the TeenStar Competition with a cover version of Matchbox Twenty's Sleeping at the Wheel.
Earlier this year she reached the regional finals of the Future Music Songwriting Competition, in Brighton, where she sung her song Lonely Night.
Holly's musical influences include Her wide range of musical influences include Matchbox Twenty and Rob Thomas, Keane, Jason Mraz, Amy Macdonald, Sandi Thom, Kacey Musgraves, Buddy Holly, Johnny Cash, Dolly Parton, Willie Nelson, Paul Simon and The Carpenters.
She can also be seen out and about busking.
Her four-track EP, recorded at River Studios in Southampton, is available to buy for £4 plus postage and packing.
To hear Holly's music or to buy her EP release, visit her website at www.hollyfraser.co.uk.


A Lovely Little Life: 32 weeks and growing!!
Movement? Tons of it! My stomach is bouncing all over the place and I adore it!!
Food Cravings? Hmmm, nothing new...just sweets and lots of 'em! I take that back...chocolate...I keep eating Rolos...yum!
Wedding rings, on or off? I think this is about time....they are getting sooo tight...and I am very sad about this. Very.
What I Miss? sleep, no heartburn, bending over, and diet coke!
You are so adorable & getting soo close!


Royal Regiment of Fusiliers 50th anniversary. Master of the Mercers' Company Roddy Graham and Major General Paul Nanson CBE, Colonel of the Regiment.
The Mercers' Company has pledged its support to the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers as it celebrates its 50th anniversary.
The Mercers is the premier livery company of the City of London and is responsible for a 'family of charities'.
It will support Fusiliers' anniversary events.
Pictured are Master of the Mercers' Company Roddy Graham and Major General Paul Nanson CBE.


text:
info@ruisseau-noir.ca
Panier : 0 items 0
Pictures and Videos Gallery
With PAL
Non Restricted Weapons
Ammunitions
Without PAL
Target shooting – Initiation to shooting
The Steps to Follow
Frequently Asked Questions (F.A.Q.)
Target shooting initiation
Choose between different disciplines!
For those who want to learn about sport shooting and have an unforgettable experience with a shooting instructor who offers packages for people without training and without a license.
You have the choice between different disciplines:
The clay pigeon
$ 85 per person / minimum of 4 people
$ 120 per person / 4 different weapons
InitiationAuTir.ca
Peace officer, correctional service, customs officer, security guard, wildlife officer, students in police techniques or anyone who must carry a firearm in the course of their work.
Mario Bergeron 514-742-4242
Éric Paquet 438-530-2424
The Ruisseau Noir Shooting Club is proud to be accredited by the Sûreté du Québec (SQ).
The club is also a member of the Fédération Québécoise de Tir (FQTir), The National Firearms Association (NFA), as well as The Canadian Coalition for Firearm Rights (THE CCFR).
For fun or competition,
sport shooting is a discipline open to all.
Winter hours (January-February)
Shooting ranges : Monday to Thursday by reservation 514-497-2719
Friday to Sunday from 8:00 a.m. to darkness
Administration : Friday to Sunday from 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
* Additional days from Monday to Thursday may be added depending on various factors: the schedule is shared via the newsletter every week.
Subscribe to receive news and special offers from Club Ruisseau Noir
Copyright © 2022 Club de tir Ruisseau Noir. All rights reserved.
Web design by iWebContact. Powered by WP Support et Maintenance.


text:
2018 Best EMBAs: Amanda McVay, University of Michigan (Ross)
by: Jeff Schmitt on June 20, 2018 | 0 Comments 812 Views
Amanda McVay
University of Michigan, Ross School of Business
"I am a driven, determined and passionate individual with a positive energy for life."
Hometown: Gainesville, FL
Family Members: Nick McVay (Husband), Jacob McVay (Son, 6 yrs old), Mackenzie McVay (daughter, 5 yrs old)
Fun fact about yourself: I was a college athlete and attended Indiana University on a tennis scholarship.
Undergraduate School and Degree: Indiana University, Kelley School of Business, Bachelor of Science, Marketing
Where are you currently working?
Company: Meijer, Inc.
Role: Group Vice President, Merchandising, Grocery
Extracurricular Activities, Community Work and Leadership Roles:
Top Women in Grocery, Industry Rising Star Award
National recognition from Progressive Grocer's "Top Women in Grocery" industry leading awards program that recognizes the outstanding contributions from female leaders in their companies, communities and the industry at large.
Network of Executive Women (NEW) organization Ambassador
Spearheaded Meijer's sponsorship of the Women in Leadership organization highlighting the importance of diversity and inclusion training and development.
Executive Sponsor for Meijer college recruitment:
Established connections to enhance recruiting effort between Corporate Human Resources and Business leaders focused on top entry level talent from Universities.
Keynote Speaker: Campbell's Soup National Sales Meeting, Philadelphia, PA
Topic: The meaning of a great supplier-customer CPG sales partnership
Keynote Speaker: Acosta CPG Sales Agency – National Sales Meeting, Jacksonville, FL
Topic: Meijer's strategy for growth
Network of Executive Women Annual Summit, West Michigan Chapter, Grand Rapids, MI
Topic: Personal Image and Influence
Kid's Food Basket
Which academic or extracurricular achievement are you most proud of during business school? I am most proud of the work I have done spearheading and establishing Executive Women resource organizations within my company. This has established a positive shift in the inclusive culture of the organization. We are now able to connect women within the organization through mentorship and networking programs, while also able to foster connections within the industry and community. The enhanced education of diversity and inclusion has allowed for a greater place to work and an ability to drive better business decisions.
What achievement are you most proud of in your professional career? I am most proud of the recent promotion I received from Director to Group Vice President. I was able to succeed in leading a team and business while pursuing my EMBA and was rewarded with an enhanced scope of impact and responsibility. I am proud that not only was I able to balance the work and school life, but by allowing the experiences to complement and enhance each other, I was able to excel at both.
Who was your favorite MBA professor? My favorite professor was Sue Ashford, our negotiations professor. She was able to create an environment in which I could truly immerse myself into a scenario and practice my skills. I was able to assess where I was weak and strong, and practice techniques in class that I could use in everyday situations.
What was your favorite MBA course and what was the biggest insight you gained about business from it? My favorite course was the Strategy course. I instantly was able to relate the content to my career. The framework of Porter's 5 forces was flexible enough to apply across industries and yet simple enough to communicate your point of view of your company's position in the marketplace. It allowed me to think about how to set up the strategy for success considering both internal and external factors that may be out of your immediate control. The puzzle was how to find the right activities for your company to pursue to succeed in the industry.
Why did you choose this executive MBA program? I chose the executive MBA because I wanted to learn from not only the professors, but from the other talented cohort members that spanned multiple industries. I wanted to learn from their experiences within their competitive industries and potentially apply knowledge to my strategy for success within my segment of the industry.
What did you enjoy most about business school in general? My classmates. They were genuine, intelligent, witty, and kind individuals. We were all on this journey together and we were proud of each other. We pushed each other and commended each other. The relationships enhanced the education.
What is the biggest lesson you gained during your MBA and how did you apply it at work? The biggest lesson I gained was how to maximize team output through the lens that individuals approach situations differently. We approach not just with a different point of view, but with different needs to bring out our best thoughts. By understanding your own tendencies first, then seeking to understand others' approaches, a team can reach optimal output.
Give us a story during your time as an executive MBA on how you were able to juggle work, family and education? My study and exam times were very strategic for me. My mind works best in the morning, so as a morning person, I fit my study time in the morning while my husband and two kids were still sleeping. I would get up, pour the coffee, and get 90 minutes of quiet study time in before we all needed to get dressed and out of the house for school and work by 8:00 a.m. This allowed me to use the evenings for dinner, putting the kids down, and relax time with my husband. For exams, I would be the student who studied all week in the mornings before work and then take the exam at 5 a.m. on Friday morning right when it was available. Then I would get the weekend to spend with my family since the exam window lasted until Sunday night.
What advice would you give to a student looking to enter an executive MBA program? My advice would be to focus your study time. Keep it focused so you can maximize the time studying and then allow for the family and work time to be focused on only those activities. Allow yourself to create relationships with others. We are all busy, but the relationships built will help during the tough times.
What is the biggest myth about going back to school? The biggest myth was that school would overtake other aspects of your life, like family and work. It was difficult to balance, but I was still able to go on family vacations and spend time on my career.
What was your biggest regret in business school? My biggest regret is not showing as much appreciation as possible for my husband and family for all the effort and changes they are going through while I'm at school. It is easy for the focus to be all on me during this time, but their sacrifice and effort was amazing. I always wish I could show more appreciation!
Which MBA classmate do you most admire? I most admire my classmate, Jenelle Champlin. She was the first classmate I met at the first social of our first week in Ann Arbor. She was kind and also was balancing a baby and a working husband. We could relate to our new situation. She went on to achieve one of the highest GPAs in the class, while also getting promoted at work and moving across the country. Very impressive!
"I knew I wanted to go to business school when…I was longing for a new challenge and to experience a different way of thinking."
"If I hadn't gone to business school, I would be…a tennis coach."
What is your ultimate long-term professional goal? I would like to make a wide positive influence by leading an entire organization to positively impact the industry and community.
In one sentence, how would you like your peers to remember you? I was an approachable, kind, positive and caring classmate that brought unique perspectives to our interactions.
Favorite book: Pride and Prejudice
Favorite movie or television show: Moana (we watch a lot of kid movies these days!)
What are the top two items on your bucket list?
Traveling to all the continents with my family.
Fly on an A380 with my son (who loves this airplane).
What made Amanda such an invaluable addition to the class of 2018?
"Amanda McVay is the type of student every Executive MBA program hopes to recruit so their brand can be associated with her success. She embodies what every organization seeks in their executives as she exudes confidence, presents a professional yet approachable demeanor, uses her strategic mindset and future focus to excite and motivate people, and all the while executes on deliverables. It was clear from the beginning that Amanda would excel in the Ross EMBA program, and it was confirmed in her peer reviews in which teammates had the highest praise for her work, her willingness to help and support others, her quick sense of humor, and her ability to influence outcomes when taking the lead or supporting the group. Always a champion of her peers, Amanda often comments about her teammates when she feels they went above and beyond and made an excellent contribution. She strengthens her teams and the cohort as a whole. She has even spent considerable time with her classmates at the Ross EMBA Los Angeles campus, where she integrates seamlessly.
Amanda is currently Group Vice President of Grocery for Meijer, a privately-owned retail grocery and merchandise corporation with $13B in annual sales. Amanda is the youngest Group Vice President in the history of the company and the only woman on the executive leadership team. Amanda's 15-year career has been on an upward trajectory after having held positions with increasing levels of responsibility in scope and leadership with Target and Meijer. Amanda has excelled academically in the Ross Executive MBA program. She is respected by her classmates, EMBA faculty, and staff for her incredible work ethic, leadership, gregarious personality, and endless thirst for new knowledge."
Donna Humphrey-DeLosh, MA, LLP
Associate Director, Career Management Coach for Executive MBA & EMBA Alumni
Career Development Office – Stephen M. Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan
DON'T MISS: THE ENTIRE LIST OF 100 BEST & BRIGHTEST EXECUTIVE MBA GRADS OF 2018
Tagged: 2018 Best & Brightest MBA, Amanda McVay, EMBAs, executive MBA, Ross School of Business, University of Michigan
Previous: 2018 Best EMBAs: Jason Woon, University of Michigan (Ross)
Next: 2018 Best EMBAs: Kyle Krause, Michigan State (Broad)


text:
id: custom-types
title: Custom types
---

Create types of messages that your bot will use as user input.

Examples: City and username autocomplete accessing a database.

## How to define

```javascript
bot.types.define('Username', {
  transform: answer => fetch('/find-username-by-id', {
    body: JSON.stringify({ id: answer }),
  }),
  validators: [{
    number: true,
    warning: 'Invalid user id',
  }],
});
```

## Extending from existing type

```javascript
bot.types.extend('ZipCode', 'Number', {
  transform: (num) => friendlyZip(num),
});
```


A 'building envelope' is the floor area, walls area and roof area all added together – as if the building were wrapped in an envelope.
Why do I need an Air Tightness Test?
How is a test conducted?
We put a large fan in an expandable door frame, which goes into an external door in the house, normally the front door. All other external doors and windows will be closed and all internal doors kept open.
The fan will then typically depressurise the house to a pressure of at least -50Pa. An anemometer reads the internal pressure, external pressure and the strength that the fan is having to work at to create that pressure difference.
10 readings are taken at different pressures, and along with other factors such as barometric pressure and temperature, fed into a software which calculates the air leakage.
DAP stands for Design Air Permeability. It is the target score for the air test, determined in the SAP Calculations or Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH) conditions.
At what stage do I need an air test?
Does every plot need an air test?
Not always, but increasingly that is becoming the case. Sample testing is only allowed if the plots you do test beat their target score by 2m3.hr/m2. This means, if your DAP is 10, but you can score 8 on the plots you do test, you may not need to test every plot – however this is still at the discretion of building control.
With more and more low target scores, the likelihood of beating it by 2 is less and less likely.
How do I make sure I pass?
While we will never guarantee a pass, we will do as much as we can to help you.
Before we come, take a look at the diagram on our air tightness testing page. It highlights common air leakage areas in a property. If you address all of these, you give yourself a good chance.
If a test is not passing first time, we will help you out as much as we can within a fair time frame. If you ensure you have tubes of mastic and expanding foam with you on the day, our engineers can point out air leakage areas during the testing. If they are small enough to fix at the time, we'll wait and re-test the property, doing our best to get you a pass first time.
Is it only new builds that need an air test?
However, we would argue that it is a good idea to get any house that has not already got an air test certificate tested for air tightness. It's a great way to locate air leakage areas, plug them up and save yourself money on heating. It's also far more cost effective than other methods, such as thermographic surveys.
What qualifications do RJ Acoustics have?
All air tightness engineers for RJ Acoustics have been trained on an ATTMA approved course. We would never allow any of our engineers to complete air tests without being fully qualified to do so. You can check our registration status here.
Sound insulation testing is also known as acoustic testing, and is a measure of sound transfer between party walls and floors in buildings. The type that RJ Acoustics provides is generally between walls and floors of domestic dwellings, although we also test between commercial units.
Two types of sound are measured – airbone and impact.
Why do I need a Sound Insulation Test?
Building Regulations Part E states that all new build or newly converted dwellings must pass a sound test in order to receive a building completion certificate.
Both airborne and impact measurements are recorded during a test. To create airborne sound we use a large speaker, and a microphone and decibel meter measures the amount of sound travelling through the party wall/floor. The sound is intended to mimic other airborne sounds, such as talking, the radio and the television.
Impact sound is created by a Tapping Machine. This is a small box with metal hammers which tap on the floor, creating a similar sound to footsteps, washing machines etc. This is again measured with a microphone and decibel meter on the other side of the floor.
At what stage do I need a Sound Insulation Test?
Ideally, a test should be carried out as early as possible, as problems are more difficult to fix the further along you are. Where possible, it's recommended that testing is carried out before kitchens or bathrooms are installed.
Does every plot need testing?
No. Sound testing is always completed as sample testing, thus one set of tests is required for up to 10 dwellings i.e. 2-10 dwellings will need one set of tests, but 11 will need two sets of tests.
Additional testing is also required where more than one type of construction has been used on walls or floors.
Who decides which plots to test?
The testing body (us) will select at random which plots to test. Sometimes building control will request certain plots, but generally it is up to the tester.
Speak to us! We have consulted on hundreds of building projects in the past (see our testimonials), and can guarantee a pass as long as the work is carried out exactly as we specify in an on-site consultation.
If a sound insulation test fails, it can often cost hundreds or even thousands of pounds to rectify, so it really is worth speaking to us at the early stage of a build, to ensure peace of mind.
The Building Regulations Part E Section 0.4 says that the testing body should be UKAS accredited, or a member of the ANC (Acoustic Noise Consultants) is acceptable. RJ Acoustics are UKAS accredited for sound testing, and our lead acoustic consultant has completed over 5000 sets of tests in his 10 year career – you won't find many more experienced sound testers in the country.
What is Ventilation Testing & Commissioning?
Ventilation testing and ventilation commissioning are actually two different things. 'Testing' refers to extractor fans, like you would find in a toilet, bathroom or kitchen. These are tested to see how much air they extract.
'Commissioning' refers to more complicated ventilation systems, such as Mechanical Ventilation Heat Recovery (MVHR). These need to be balanced, to make sure the correct amount of air is either being extracted from or supplied to every room in the house.
Why do I need a Ventilation Testing and Commissioning?
Building Regulations Part F state that all new builds now need their ventilation tested and/or commissioned. If a house does not have sufficient ventilation, it can cause major problems with mould, damp and condensation. A lot of people aren't aware for example that trickle ventilators on windows are designed to be left open all the time, no matter what the temperature is outside.
Even if your house isn't a new build, if you experience any of the above issues, we would recommend getting your extractor fans tested. We have found that many extractor fans don't pull even nearly enough air out of a room. This is sometimes due to the extractors themselves but often also due to long and convoluted duct runs, adding pressure and inhibiting extraction.
What are the different types of ventilation system?
This is what is found in most houses – Extractor fans in kitchens, toilets and bathrooms and trickle ventilators on the windows.
This is very rarely seen. It is a system which uses a combination of cross ventilation, buoyancy (warm air rising) and the venturi effect to ventilate. It is rarely used because it's very much weather dependant.
This is similar to Type 3, except that it also supplies fresh air to all non-wet rooms (bedrooms, dining room, living room). The heat from the stale extracted air is kept in the central unit and used to heat the fresh air from outside before it is supplied to the house.
For Type 1, we use an anemometer (wind speed meter) to test the amount of air each extractor is extracting.
At what stage do I need a ventilation test?
Yes. The regulations came in in 2010, but we are still noticing that many building control officers aren't asking for the test before giving sign-off. They should be, and it's always a good idea to get every plot tested anyway.
To give yourself the best chance of passing, research which fans/units give the best performance. When you have selected your equipment, do your best to keep duct runs as short as possible, with as few twists and turns as possible. Every turn and every inch of ducting creates resistance, reducing the effectiveness of the fan.
We recommend using semi-rigid ducting, as it holds its diameter whilst going through turns, reducing resistance.