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Catherine Seizes Power
by Nikolai Pavlenko
June 28, 1762 ~ Catherine Seizes power (she is on the balcony), by Joachim Kestner.
Catherine the Great of Russia was a great stateswoman, and a great seductress, her greatness emphasized by the modesty of her beginnings.
Born Sofia Frederika Augusta in 1729 to the decaying German Prince of Anhalt-Serbst, she was fortunate enough to be chosen as a bride for Empress Elizabeth's nephew Peter, the heir to the Russian throne. Catherine arrived at the glittering court in St. Petersburg in 1743 with two spare dresses, accompanied by her mother. After converting to Orthodoxy, she became Yekaterina Alexeyevna, and the next year was married.
Married life brought little joy for Catherine. Her halfwit husband's main passions were military parades and toy soldiers, and, when not involved in these, he drank, played cards or chattered to his lackeys. And if this behavior was forgivable, his short temper and unpredictability were not.
Young Catherine soon after her arrival in Russia, by Louis Caravaque
Unlike her husband, the gifted 15-year-old Catherine, after rejection by her husband, spent her time alone reading, and became one of the most educated women in Europe. And while her husband demonstratively ignored Russian customs and religious rites, smirking in church and teasing the priests during services, Catherine observed both devoutly, thus earning the respect of Elizabeth and of the court.
In 1761, Catherine's husband came to the throne as Peter III, but this bode her no good. Peter insulted her in public, and threatened her with imprisonment in a monastery, after which, he said, he intended to marry his unattractive, pockmarked favorite Yelizaveta Vorontsova.
Imperial aspirations
If anything, these slights fueled Catherine's ambitions, which appeared long before Empress Elizabeth's death and Peter's ascension to the throne. "Either I die, or I begin to rule," was her categorical assessment.
In fact, no one helped Catherine achieve her aim more than Peter, who immediately on accession formed a union with former enemy Prussia and sent inexperienced guards regiments against former ally Denmark to take back his own Duchy, Holstein. This action was alien to Russian interests, and aroused general dissatisfaction among the guards. Catherine and her fellow conspirators, headed by the Orlov brothers, exploited this deftly.
Catherine easily gained the throne. Her husband gave up without the slightest resistance, was taken off to a country estate at Ropsha and put under close guard by officers under Alexei Orlov. Now, though, she had to hold on to power. Not an easy task, considering she had no right to it whatsoever.
Three men had claims on the throne: Peter, Ivan VI (great-grandson of Peter the Great's half-brother Ivan V, who had been languishing in a monastery since Elizabeth's coup overthrew him as an infant in 1741), and her own son Paul. Many of the aristocracy expected to see Paul on the throne with Catherine as regent, but the ambitious Empress rejected this proposal. It remained for her to 'arrange' a tragic fate for the two overthrown tsars.
And then there were none... Peter III and Ivan VI.
Peter III's turn was first. A week after the coup, the Empress informed her subjects that he had died of 'hemorrhoidal colic.' In fact, he was killed by the drunken officers guarding him.
Two years later, Ivan VI died. The instructions given to his guards had been to prevent anyone from taking him alive. In case of danger, they were to kill him. So, when a Captain Mirovich, attempting to free him, broke into the casemate where he was being held, the tsar's corpse was found lying on the floor in a pool of blood.
In the first years of her rule, Catherine had another problem — convincing her subjects that Peter III's rule was destructive, and that the only means of correcting things had been to overthrow him. The trouble was that the decrees signed by Peter during his half year reign were fully in the interests of the ruling class, and Catherine was forced quietly to agree to them.
One was the Manifesto of Freedom for the Nobility, which abolished compulsory service in the barracks and civil service and allowed free travel abroad. Another was a decree on liquidation of the Secret Investigations in the civil service, which pursued all opponents of the regime. Catherine also confirmed a decree depriving industrialists of the right to buy serfs for their enterprises. Only one was annulled — a decree on handing over monastery and church lands to the state — in a tactical move to win the support of the clergy. However, in just two years, when the clergy no longer posed a threat, she did begin the secularization of church property.
Other groups needed less convincing. Guards, court officials and the General Staff were already alienated by Peter's absurd foreign policy and were particularly concerned about the uncertainty of their futures under such an unstable and despotic ruler.
The Enlightened Monarch
Having dealt with her husband's legacy, Catherine set about on her own, independent policy of enlightened despotism, as advocated by Voltaire and other French philosophers who believed in perfecting society from above. But, while Western European monarchs were already testing these policies, the philosophers were particularly interested in Russia. For Russians were much less educated than Western citizens, and Catherine was the most studious of their disciples -- the most ready to follow their advice.
Thanks to her strong and lasting link with the philosophers, Catherine became extremely popular in the West and acquired a firm reputation as an enlightened monarch. The historian Nikolai Karamzin said of her letters: "Europe reads her correspondence in astonishment, and not at [her Western correspondents] but at herself. What wealth of ideas and knowledge, what perception, what subtlety of intellect, feelings and expressions."
Her main enlightened act was the convocation of the Legislative Commission, which was given two tasks: the replacement of the obsolete 1649 Code [put in place by Peter the Great's father, Alexei] with a new code of criminal and civil rights, and identification of 'the needs and sensitive disadvantages of the people.'
But the Code never appeared — the Commission was dissolved in 1768 on the pretext of war with Turkey. It made a mark on the country's history all the same: the Empress' Instructions, albeit against her will, served to spread the ideas of the enlighteners and reformers inside government and without.
The Zenith of Serfdom
Catherine personally disapproved of serfdom, but did not think it possible to give serfs freedom until enlightenment had borne fruit. Paradoxically, it was under enlightened monarchy that serfs in Russia had the least rights: landlords were allowed to exile insubordinate peasants to hard labor in Siberia. The newspapers were full of ads offering peasants for sale, or in exchange for horses and pedigree dogs. Under Catherine, serfdom was introduced to Ukraine.
The paradox is not difficult to explain— even the power of an absolute monarch was not unlimited, and the fear of palace coups forced the Empress to compromise her own views and act in the interests of the pro-serfdom lobby.
Yemelyan Pugachyov
But serf despair welled up into a huge revolt in 1773-5, spreading from Voronezh to the Urals. Led by Don Cossack Yemelyan Pugachov, who claimed to be Peter III, they burned estates, robbed nobles and civil servants and hanged them without trial.
The revolt exposed local government weaknesses, and, after crushing the riots, Catherine set about reforming local governing bodies. The number of provinces was increased from 23 to 50, and the Empress put her powerful placemen in charge of two or three each. In provincial administrations, such offices as the Department of Public Charity, overseeing schools, hospitals, shelters and almshouses, appeared.
These reforms satisfied the nobles, giving full power in the districts to local landed gentry, who gathered once every three years to elect officials, and broadened the participation of nobles in provincial administrations. Their privileged position was confirmed in a Charter in 1785.
No ruler in Russia's history has been more pro-nobility than Catherine the Great. Wealthy nobles with hundreds or even thousands of serfs wallowed in luxury. They squandered their fortunes on travel abroad, built luxurious palaces and kept hundreds of servants, ready at the click of a finger to carry out their master's wishes.
Strength and Prosperity
Meanwhile, Catherine's 34-year rule also made its mark in trade and industry, communications, education, literature and art.
Between the middle and the end of the century, the number of factories in Russia doubled. There was particular progress in metallurgy, where the smelting of cast iron increased from two million pudy (36,000 tons) in 1750 to 10 million in 1800. High quality Urals iron was in great demand in Europe.
Plays by Russian authors were performed in theaters (previously most had been foreign), the number of newspapers and magazines increased and St. Petersburg, Moscow and the provinces all became more culturally vibrant.
Catherine II oversaw the creation of the Russian Academy of Arts. Painting by Valery Jacobi.
There were significant successes in foreign policy as well, including in two wars with Turkey and one with Sweden. In all three, Russia was on the defensive. And all ended in victory. At the treaty of Kuchuk-Kainardji, which concluded the first war with Turkey in 1774, Russia acquired a route to the Black Sea and huge fertile lands, previously uninhabited because of raids by Crimean Tatars.
The second Russo-Turkish war led in 1791 to an extension of Russia's southern frontiers to the Dniester river and Turkish acceptance of the 1783 Russian annexation of the Crimea.
Then, in the thick of the war in 1788, Sweden attacked Russia. King Gustav III, before setting off, told his court ladies that he "hoped to give them breakfast at Peterhof." But this boast was not backed by military success, and the Swedes failed to win back the Baltic provinces they lost to Peter the Great.
Catherine participated in two other important acts of foreign policy: in 1780 she initiated the Declaration of Armed Neutrality, helping the American colonies in their struggle for independence, and checking Britain who, sure of going unpunished, had tried to take control of America's sea routes and thus isolate her from the rest of the world.
The second —the partitions of Poland in 1772, 1793 and 1795 — brought Russia territorial gains and led to the former's liquidation as a sovereign state.
These partitions were mainly a result of the weakness of the Polish monarchy, a backward economy and a lack of forces capable of defending sovereignty. In these conditions, stronger neighbors marauded, taking significant portions of territory from Poland. But while Austria and Prussia took Poland's native lands, Russia got territories populated by peoples close in language, customs and religion to her own (once part of Kievan Rus, they only fell under the rule of Lithuania and Poland in the 14th century). Therefore Russia expanded to the upper Dniester, Bug and Niemen rivers, taking over most of today's Ukraine and Belarus.
One other external event changed policy significantly at home. It was the French Revolution. This seminal event opened the Empress' eyes to the dangers of the enlighteners, whose criticisms of feudalism had prepared the ground for social upheaval. The idols she had worshipped were cast down from their pedestals. The execution of Louis XVI put an end to enlightened despotism and the Empress headed the reactionary forces in Europe opposed to revolutionary France. Only her death in 1796 ended preparations for invasion.
The Tireless Ruler
Catherine was one of those monarchs who ruled as well as reigned. She personally made laws, directed the activity of higher organs of power, effectively headed the diplomatic service and even gave advice to her generals on the field of battle. Her daily timetable is a testament to how hard she worked:
"... I get up at six and read and write completely alone in my office till eight thirty," she wrote to a foreign correspondent. "At about nine, my secretaries come in, and I stay with them till eleven... Then I go through to the drawing-room and have lunch from one to two. After lunch I sew and force myself to read till four, when those who didn't manage to speak to me in the morning come, and I stay with them till six, after which I go out either to walk, or to play, or to gossip, or to see a play. I sup between nine and ten, then go to bed."
She kept to this timetable even in old age. She followed the rule: "Idleness leads to boredom, which often begets bad moods and waywardness." Admittedly, her schedule was more relaxed in later years, but idleness depressed her: she had to be doing something all the time — writing, reading, negotiating, talking or engaging in amorous pursuits.
Perhaps it was this strict observance of routine, moderation in food and drink, lengthy walks and massaging her face with ice that made the Empress feel quite lively even in old age.
When she turned 40, she wrote: "I was agile as a bird, walking and horseriding... I can walk 10 versty (7 miles) at a time. There's no one as mobile as I in this locality."
Her contemporaries left many descriptions of the Empress' looks. The earliest came from one of her first favorites, the future Polish king, Stanislaw Poniatowski: "She was 25 years old. As she recovered from the birth of her first child, she blossomed in a way that only a woman of natural beauty could dream of. She had black hair, marvelous white skin, great bulging blue eyes, eloquent long black eyelashes, pointed nose, pouting mouth, arms and shoulders perfect in form, medium height, tending to the tall, an unusually light gait which at the same time was executed with the greatest noblesse, a pleasant pitch of voice, a laugh, so mirthful, and a disposition, allowing her to pass effortlessly from the most frivolous childish games to the cipher table."
Cathering at an advanced age, by Vladimir Borovikovsky
The French diplomat Segure, who arrived in St. Petersburg in 1785, described the Empress as she approached sixty. According to him, she was still attractive: "Her high brow, slightly thrown back head, proud expression and noblesse of her whole ... seemed to raise her small figure. She had an aquiline nose, charming mouth, blue eyes and black eyebrows, an extraordinarily welcoming expression and attractive smile." She hid her plumpness with finery — a wide dress with flowing sleeves.
Her contemporaries noted such positive traits of character as the ability to listen to and win over her interlocutors. Her 'female intuition' enabled her quickly to find a person's weak points and she used this successfully.
"The sight of Louis XIV made people tremble; the sight of Catherine cheered everyone up," wrote one of Catherine's secretaries. Another secretary, the poet Gavrila Derzhavin, noted the Empress' perception and ability to smooth over conflicts. Towards the end of one meeting, she became irritable and saw fit to shout at him. In response, Derzhavin decided to adopt a purely official manner, but the Empress was able to win him over all the same.
"On one occasion," Derzhavin remembered, "I couldn't stop myself from jumping off my stool and saying in a frenzy: 'My Goodness! Who can stand up to this woman? Your Majesty, you are not a person. Today I swore to myself that after yesterday I would say nothing to you, but you do with me whatever you want against my will.' She laughed and said: "Can it really be true?"
An Insatiable Appetite
In her private life, however, Catherine gave the impression of a completely different person with ordinary human weaknesses. Instead of high intellect, European education and statesmanlike wisdom, she displayed a banal depravity.
Favorites are virtually indispensable to monarchy. They existed before and after Catherine, but the debauchery at the court of Russia's enlightened monarch has never been surpassed.
Among Catherine's ladies-in-waiting was a so-called probolshchitsa, whose task was to test the virility of the Empress' potential lovers. And this probolshchitsa was certainly kept busy — in the 34 years of her reign, Catherine was known to have at least 19 favorites, of which 12 made a distinct impression.
The two most enduring were Grigory Orlov (11 years) and Platon Zubov (7 years).
Count Grigory Orlov, by Fyodor Rokotov
Orlov's success can be explained by Catherine's fear of Grigory and his brothers, who were bold and decisive and served her well during the 1762 coup. Having put her on the throne so easily, she recognized, they could just as easily make it vacant for another pretender. As for Zubov, he struck lucky at the age of 22 and obviously pleased the Empress, who by then was in her sixties.
A look at Catherine's correspondence with her favorites gives the impression she only had tender feelings for one, Alexander Lanskoi, whose premature death she mourned for several months. She called him a knight, but he used stimulants to increase his sexual prowess and burnt himself out at the age of 27.
However, there was nothing unusual about Catherine's frivolous behavior. In her time, faithfulness in marriage was not considered a virtue, and was even subject to mockery. Society women generally had one or two beaux, and their husbands a maitresse.
Catherine had a mysterious possessive power which attracted men. She wrote about this herself in her Memories: "People said I was as wonderful as the day and strikingly good-looking; to tell the truth, I never considered myself to be extraordinarily beautiful, but men found me attractive, and I reckon this was my strength." This admission was confirmed by the diplomat Lord Cathcart, who reported to London in 1768: "The Empress has an unusual ability to attract men, which she uses with obvious pleasure."
The Empress' behavior was of course her own business, and it would not be necessary to mention it, were it not for one circumstance: she had a habit of being over-generous with her favorites, giving them money, jewelry and serfs. According to estimates which are far from complete, favorites cost the state 92.5 mn rubles. Considering that Russia's yearly budget expenditure averaged around 41 mn rubles, this is a huge amount. This kind of extravagance has never been surpassed in Russian history.
Yet, in light of the growth in Russia's prestige on the world stage in Catherine's reign, this expenditure would seem to be a forgivable mistake. The great seductress always played a subordinate role to the great stateswoman.
A longer version of this article originally appeared in the November 1996 issue of Russian Life.
Tags: tsarismhistoryCatherine the Great
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The Road To Hell: The Creative Direction of Dante's Inferno
by Christian Nutt [Business/Marketing, Design, Production, Interview]
February 5, 2010 Page 1 of 4
As The Simpsons Game wrapped up, creative director Jonathan Knight approached his boss, Nick Earl -- now general manager of the Visceral Games studio at Electronic Arts Redwood Shores -- about creating a new franchise. Based on the work of poet Dante Alighieri, the games that would become Dante's Inferno evolved from early prototypes into an adaptation of Inferno, the first part of his epic poem, the Divine Comedy, originally written in the 1300s.
Of course, as we now know, the adaptation is rather loose -- recasting the protagonist and historical figure Dante as a Crusader, and profoundly changing the story of Beatrice, his real-life love interest, as well. In the end, the poem has been dramatically reworked to fit the format and tone required of a contemporary action game.
Here, Jonathan Knight discusses the process behind those changes, and the creative philosophy that guided his reimagining of both Dante's story and his foundational conception of Hell, which has guided popular thought for hundreds of years, and also serves as the setting for the game's action.
How can works of literature be adapted to games, and which ones will work? To find out more, read on.
You must be pretty excited because you're finally getting to ship the game. About how long was the development process?
JK: Um, you know, it was... gosh, good question. I started working on the concept in about the middle of 2007. Production was a little over two years.
I found it really interesting that you guys picked this source material. Obviously The Divine Comedy is one of the fundamental classics of Western literature. What made you think to go in that direction?
JK: Well, we were really interested in doing a game set in Hell, and I think that was really the initial impulse: it was to craft an experience around that kind of dark fantasy of Hell as a real place.
And I was interested in, specifically, the medieval, Christian vision of Hell, you know, as a place of structure, where sinners go and are punished; and I think that a lot of us had a sense that that was a really sophisticated mythos. And when you start researching that topic, one name kind-of always goes to the top, and that's Dante Alighieri.
Like a lot of people, I was familiar with the title, and you know, probably was supposed to read it in school, and didn't, so I picked up a copy -- I had it on my bookshelf at home -- and sat down with it to go through it, just being really interested in this topic, and was blown away at the amount of detail in the poem, in terms of how he envisions this place.
Dante Alighieri synthesized hundreds of years of medieval thought, as well as ancient thought, about the afterlife. And he just creates such a vivid depiction of it that I thought there was plenty of material, enough material there to create a whole game. And rather than just borrowing ideas here and there, we set about to systematically bring his vision to life in the game.
There's also been a lot of discussion about the ways in which the game deviates from the source material. I was wondering if you would be interested in talking about that as well -- in terms of the character, for one thing: the main character has gone through quite a change, and some of the other elements have as well.
JK: The first big challenge was Dante himself. In the poem, he casts himself as the main character, which is very unusual for his time. He was a poet and politician and thinker.
When you read the poem, it's a travelogue of him and Virgil going through the afterlife. They're on a pilgrimage; there's an objective there, which is to reach Beatrice -- who is also a biographical figure from Dante's life -- who died when she was quite young, and he really writes the poem as this way to visit her in the afterlife.
We knew we were going to make an action game, a video game, which needed to have a strong conflict, and we needed a guy who had a background as a warrior, who could fight his way through the nine circles, instead of just talking his way through them. And so, that's where we took that bold step to say, "Well, let's reimagine this guy. Let's cast him as this fallen Crusader who has this morally questionable background."
And rather than Beatrice being waiting for him on the other side, let's have her being a captive that's been kidnapped and taken down into Hell, and Dante sets out on a mission to basically rescue her. And what he finds is that, she's really there because of him, and the things that he's done, and so it really does become less of a rescue mission, more of a redemption story, as you move through the game.
So that was really the place where we needed to make that strong departure, so that there was a story there, of conflict, and the guy had a reason to fight.
Tenacious Entertainment — Bellevue, Washington, United States
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Digital Extremes Ltd. — London, Ontario, Canada
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Trauma-therapy is no fun and treatment gains are achieved on the long term rather than on the short term. This may play a crucial role especially in children and adolescents, who are more present-oriented than adults, who are more future-oriented. Unlike younger children, adolescents (12 years or older) carry part of the responsibility for showing up for, and completing therapy. Parents have less influence on an adolescent than on a child younger than 12. Therefore the therapist needs to convince the adolescent of the usefulness of the therapy. However, on the short term it is more convenient for the adolescent to avoid the problems resulting from a traumatic experience than confronting them. Hence he or she might stop showing up for treatment appointments and drop out of treatment.
One would expect that treatment non-completers score higher on avoidance symptoms than treatment completers. However, treatment outcome studies almost never report on these differences. Moreover, avoidance symptoms can be very difficult to capture: If you ask an adolescent, who is an "avoidance expert", whether he or she tries not to think about the event, this adolescent may answer: 'I do not have to because I do not think about it.' – And you won't score it as an avoidance symptom.
Is the social system of the patient the key?
With younger children it does not only take commitment of the child, but also of the parent to attend therapy. This commitment may be at risk if a child first gets worse during treatment before getting better. A parent might support the avoidance of the child when the child gets worse at the start and not take him or her to therapy anymore. Again you have to deal with short-term versus long-term gains. Furthermore the parent might be traumatized as well and you might have to deal with both, the avoidance of the parent, and of the child. Other barriers may arise from lack of time or resources. One example is the parent who has to leave work early to take the child to therapy. With younger children it is therefore necessary to convince the parent of the importance of trauma-therapy.
Saxe, Ellis, Fogler and Navalta (2012)³ investigated the effects of a Trauma Systems Therapy (TST) for youth on treatment dropout. The results were promising: The drop-out rate was only 10% in the TST group at the assessment after 3 months, while the dropout rate for the care as usual group was 90%. The authors argue that in TST, the involvement of the child's social environment and treatment engagement approaches play a crucial role, which results in low dropout rates. The sample size of this study was very small with 10 children in the treatment and 10 children in the control condition. However, research on treatment drop-outs and no-shows is very scarce, especially in children.
We try to make our treatments more effective and efficient, and for children who stay in treatment this is of great value. However we may want to think more about those children who drop out of treatment and how we can help them group to stay in treatment. This might cost more time and resources in the short term. But again it is all about the long-term consequences and the time and resources that we gain by treating a child today rather than in 5 years when the problems have become much worse. Approaches that involve the social system of the child/adolescent and the identification of barriers for treatment engagement may be a solution. Some children/adolescents (and their parents) also might need more time to get used to therapy and to understand the value of the treatment.
This entry was posted in Tips & findings and tagged #traumaresearch, dropout, Julia Diehle, research, trauma recovery, treatment, Twitter by Eva Alisic. Bookmark the permalink.
Why are there no citations from studies backing up the claimed benefits "5 years later" of keeping kids in therapy versus letting them drop out? Very cynically viewed, this is because the article is just about drumming up repeat customers for therapy, rather than concern for patient health outcomes.
Thank you for your critical view! I agree that children who do not suffer from PTSD do not need treatment. There is only a small (but significant) subgroup of children who develop symptoms and are impaired in their daily life by these symptoms. Therefore I think a good (and objective) assessment of symptoms is needed. If a child reports PTSD symptoms and impairment, there are effective and short (even 8 sessions or less) treatments that help a child to recover. Maybe on thursday we can talk a bit more about the definition of "treatment dropout"!
It doesn't help when the therapists are flakes. My daughter was scheduled for her first session yesterday, after a 2-hour intake session. My wife called twice to confirm the appointment, and was forced to leave voicemail both times. Apparently the therapist is either too busy or too flakey to check voicemail, because when we showed up for the appointment, the therapist did not. The excuse we were offered was "Well, you should have called to confirm." This does not inspire confidence.
Frankly I was already inclined to skepticism about the value of trauma therapy, and indeed of therapy in general. While you may feel more inclined to be frank and open when discussing problems with a stranger who you never have to see again rather than with family and friends, the therapist is not privy to insights which day-to-day contact might provide. Perhaps the high dropout rate reflects nothing more than the realization that the ability to listen and offer advice on dealing with life's problems is pretty common, and the advice provided by expensive trained professionals is often no better than the advice one can get for free from people one already knows and loves.
That's not helpful at all! I'm very sorry to hear about this experience with your daughter's therapist. Hope you can find one in which you really have confidence, it's essential.
On your second remark, I think people may need both in some cases. We know most people do recover well from a traumatic event with the help from their family and friends. They don't need any professional help. However, in some instances, it's just very hard to recover and people experience high levels of stress symptoms for a long time. In those cases, well-trained therapists (e.g. trauma-focused cognitive behavioral or EMDR therapists) can help. They have a number of techniques available to help process the experience that friends and family don't have, and would ideally work together with someone's social network to get to improve wellbeing.
Er, thanks. Turns out it wasn't a flakey therapist, but some confusion on my wife's part — she was apparently calling the wrong number to confirm the appointment, so leaving messages didn't confirm what she thought it confirmed.
My daughter has been to three sessions now with the original therapist, and thinks it's a useful exercise so far.
Oh I'm glad to read that! Hope the therapy helps your daughter well.


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Home Local News IPDC inks contractual agreement with three investors
IPDC inks contractual agreement with three investors
Agreements to play a vital role in accelerating import substitution
The Industrial Park Development Corporation (IPDC) inks contractual agreements with three foreign and domestic companies to invest in three industrial parks.
As per the contractual agreement signed on December 2, 2022, a Chinese company by the name Long March Electrical Equipment manufacturing will receive a 3000 square meters plot of land in Adama Industrial park for the production of electric meters and materials with an investment of 240 million birr.
Besides creating knowledge transfer in the electromechanical field, the company is expected to create 250 jobs in its initial phase.
Warka Trading, which a local company has also signed an agreement to rent a 5500 square meters shed at the Hawassa industrial park to manufacture standard thread inputs for textile and apparel, with an investment of 24 million birr.
It is noted that the investment will enhance foreign earnings, job creation, and knowledge transfer in addition to creating resource linkages in industrial parks.
The third company is NK World Medical Equipment manufacturing, and with a total investment of 205 million birr in Kilinto Industrial Park, it is said to create 210 jobs.
As indicated on the agreement, the investments particularly that on medical equipment manufacturing will play a role in accelerating the national aspiration of import substitution.
During the signing ceremony, IPDC Chief Executive Officer Aklilu Tadesse said that the corporation is intensively working to enhance productivity and global competitiveness.
He added that the flow of Foreign Direct Investment which had been slow is now showing a promising revival.
The Ethiopian Industrial Parks Development Corporation was established in 2014, as one of the public enterprises. Since the establishment, the corporation has built 13 industrial parks across the country bringing several local and international companies and investors creating job opportunities, foreign currency and technology transfer.
Currently there are about 125 both foreign and local investors working in the parks, creating job opportunities for more than 81,000 citizens whilst generating 1 billion dollars in annual revenue.
Industrial Park Development Corporation
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Sri Lanka At a Glance
Home > Resources > Sri Lanka At a Glance
Sri Lanka's climate is tropical with distinct wet and dry seasons. The coastal lowlands enjoy characteristic tropical warmth moderated by oceanic winds and the central hills are cool and temperate. Temperature averages between 26° C – 30°C in the lowlands whilst the hill country experiences temperatures averaging between 10° C – 20° C.
There are two main seasonal monsoon rains carried inland by the 'Trade Winds'– south-western from May to July and north-eastern from December to February, with sporadic rainfall in September and October.
People & Ethnicity
There is evidence of early Paleolithic human existence in Sri Lanka from about 300,000 BP and possibly even as early as 500,000 BP. Archaeological excavations undertaken since the late 20th century substantiates that the island was home to human inhabitants some 75,000 to 125,000 years ago.
Modern Sri Lanka has a very vibrant cultural landscape and is home to several ethnic groups – Sinhalese (74% of the population), Tamils (17%), Muslims (7%) Burghers, Malays, Parsis and Indigenous Veddhas (2%).
Sri Lanka is the heartland of Theravada (Orthodox) Buddhism, hence it is no surprise that 70% of its population are Buddhists. The island is also home to three other major religions; Hinduism (12%), Islam (10%) and Christianity (8%), making the spiritual tapestry of the country very colourful and diverse. A majority of the Tamil people of Sri Lanka follow Hinduism although a small percentage have embraced Christianity as their faith. The Sri Lankan Muslims are of Islamic faith and Christianity draws its following from a mix of Sinhalese, Tamil, and Burgher communities.
Religion takes much precedence in the day-to-day lives of Sri Lankans. Hence many sacred temples, mosques, and churches are widely scattered throughout the island, adding much colour and character to its cultural landscape.


I am originally from Birmingham but don't hold that against me. I used to be a member of the Birmingham Hospitals Broadcasting Network (BHBN) that had 23 hospitals on the network. I moved to Nottingham for my work and now live in Mansfield Woodhouse.
It took me a while to find Millside Radio but I am really glad I did. I spend much of my time working with the hospital in my role as station manager but I have been persuaded to present a programme on Monday nights from six until eight. I like all kinds of music and I'll play a wide range, with some tracks that you may recognise but not know quite where you heard them. I'll let you know where they were used for adverts or whatever.


The Company Hamburger Flugzeugbau was formed in 1933 year as aircraft manufacturing Department of the concern Blohm & Voss. The company was located in Hamhurg, as you might guess from the title, and mainly produces seaplanes for Maritime reconnaissance and anti-submarine warfare. After the defeat of the German aircraft production not its territory was forbidden, the company ceased operations and its engineers as a result of "operation Paperclip" was in the United States, where he worked in the missile and space project under the direction of Von Braun. In 1955, Germany won the right to build civil aircraft and brand Hamburger Flugzeugbau was revived as an independent manufacturer. Initially, the company worked as part of a consortium for the production of transport aircraft Nord Noratlas, then attended a production license interceptor Lockheed F-104G Starfighter and military transport aircraft Transall C-160. The company's engineers continued working on his own development, but for various reasons these projects have not found a customer. The only aircraft of its own design HFW - HFB-320 Hansa Jet.
the Design of the aircraft began in 1960, the first flight was performed in April 1964, and two years later, and in early February 1966 began flying the first production copy. The aircraft was manufactured until 1983, the company has built 47 units. Although the aircraft was developed under contract with the German air force, the first buyers were corporate customers - Italcementy and the Argentine state oil company. Kalifornijskij Golden West Airlines was carried out on Hansa Jet flights from Los Angeles to Santa Barbara and Palm springs. Since 1969, the aircraft began to arrive at Luftwaffe in the VIP version, and in 1976, the air force ordered 8 aircraft as carriers of equipment for electronic warfare. In this capacity, the HFB 320 he served until 1994. During the operation had 9 accidents, 6 of them fatal, however, only one accident of the material was the cause of the accident, in other cases there had been pilot error. Nevertheless, the aircraft proved too expensive to operate, so customers no longer found. Despite a not too successful career, the aircraft made history as the only passenger ship with forward-swept wings (-15 degrees). Because of this monocoque wing spar passes through the fuselage, providing greater structural strength with less weight. Fuel tanks placed in the wing, as usual, on his wingtips. This allowed the use of thin airfoil that has reduced drag, and hence fuel consumption.
Maximum takeoff weight 9200кг, two turbojet engine provided a cruising speed of 825 km/h at heights up to 11.400 meters the flight range of 2,400 kilometers.
Museum Visitors can look inside the aircraft.
To sit in the pilot's seat, of course, impossible, but you can see the cockpit in detail.
Dashboard of captain provided with only the devices necessary for aircraft control and navigation, artificial horizon, compass, signs of height, horizontal and vertical speed. Here is the radar screen.
All is in excellent condition, though now in flight. Registration data on aircraft is not written off, the status is "stored".
The center panel with the radio equipment for navigation and communication - two ADF (Automatic Directional Finder, or radiocompass) and two VHF transivers.
Over them a control panel of the fire extinguishing system of the engine.
dashboard co-pilot - control devices motors and again the basic flight instruments.
center console controls engine thrust and the wing mechanism.
Passenger compartment HBF-320 was built in different versions, with capacity from 7 up to 15 people. Toilet, it seems, is not provided.
Represented in the Museum the aircraft with the number TC-LEY was operated by the German air force, and then belonged to a private person.


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Q: Navigate through my forms like a webpage in c# Just like the title says, I want to navigate through my forms as if i were on a website.
For now I have 2 forms with both a individual design. Ive changed the name of my 1st form to Home and my second form to Inventory.
To get from Home to Inventory i have tryed this code in my picturebox click event
Form2 form2 = new Form2();
form2.Show();

INstead of showing me the inventory form, it creates a new blank form..
So this didnt work out for me, or i dont know how to properly use it.
Could someone help me out?

A: If you have the name as Inventory of the second form then use that name
Inventory inventory = new Inventory();
inventory.ShowDialog();

A: Don't use WinForms.. use WPF. WPF has built in functionality for Navigation.
This should get you started (on navigation that is):
MSDN - Navigation Overview

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In Tarazona we develop and distribute solid and liquid fertilizers in order to always able you to find the best option that meet your needs.
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Terror attack on Indian consulate in Afghanistan confirmed
Confirming that the Indian consulate in Mazar-e-Sharif, Afghanistan was the target of a terrorist strike, the ministry of external affairs on Thursday said the reports received from the Afghan authorities on 6 January indicate that the terrorists attacked with heavy arms and ammunition (See: Afghan forces battle to stifle attack on Indian consulate).
Ministry spokesperson Vikas Swarup said the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) personnel guarding the consulate, located in Balkh Province of Northern Afghanistan, kept the attackers at bay till the Afghan National Defence and Security Forces (ANDSF) arrived at the scene to neutralise the terrorists.
Divulging details of the operation, Swarup said it lasted till the night of 4 January when the ANDSF were able to eliminate the four terrorists, who had been holed up in a building near the Consulate. "In the operation, one Afghan Police personnel lost his life, while nine ANDSF personnel were injured," he said.
"The Afghan government authorities and its various agencies, and also the provincial authorities of Balkh displayed tremendous coordination in foiling the attempt of the terrorists to attack the Indian Consulate. We salute the exemplary courage and admirable resilience shown by the ANDSF personnel during the operations, which resulted keeping the consulate officials out of harm's way," he added.
President Ashraf Ghani had earlier this week briefed Prime Minister Narendra Modi about the terrorist attack at the consulate in Mazar-e-Sharif during a telephonic conversation.
The prime minister thanked the Afghan President for ensuring the security of the Indian Consulate General and its personnel.


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Home FOCUS Brexit No more deadlines. Is it really the end? The final goodbye...
No more deadlines. Is it really the end? The final goodbye is near for the UK
By Staff Italoeuropeo -
London – the final date for the UK to leave the EU – is here within two months! The Hungarian composer and entrepreneur's Brexit-inspired music has never been more actual then now!
The British exit if the European Union is the most significant economic agreement between major economies since the Second World War and much about the forthcoming process of transitioning out of the EU has no precedent. Both the UK and the EU will be significantly changed by what is about to unfold economically, socially and in every aspect of our life.
It is no wonder that this historical event urges many battels of opinion, emotional turmoil and even inspire artists who feel the urgent need to express the opinion of hundred thousand of people through their art! Mr Joseph Felföldi Hungarian composer and entrepreneur mogul, the founder of a Hungarian food company was one of the first artist who responded to this life changing significant act of the UK.
In the immediate wake of the 2016 shock UK decision to leave the European Union, Hungarian film and music producer Joseph Felföldi felt moved to compose a musical response entitled "Brexit Ballet".
The composer has strong business links to the UK so he wanted to express the mixed feelings of Europeans that he felt were missing from the discussion. Felföldi's music video was uploaded to YouTube 2 years ago and gained almost a million views. More than half of the views came from English-speaking countries, with most of the rest from European Union countries.
Mr Felföldi feels the near-one-million views and countless comments have vindicated his video project and he hope it will continue to draw attention to the importance of international political awareness as the world enters an ever more turbulent period of change.
No-deal Brexit has never loomed larger than in the current moment. Boris Johnson has said that Britain will leave the European Union on 31st of October. His entire political strategy is based on the credibility of his threat to follow through, regardless of whether he has come to an agreement with the remaining 27 members.
A no-deal Brexit means the UK would leave the European Union immediately on 31stOctober 2019, and there would be no agreements in place about what the relationship between the UK and the EU will be like in future.This includes special agreements about how UK and EU companies could work and do trade with each other. A lot of companies have said they are worried about not knowing exactly how their businesses will work if there is a no-deal Brexit at the end of October.
" I sympathise with the people of the UK, I respect their their decision to leave the EU" Mr Felföldi says, " I would even go further and say that I don't think the British people's vote to leave was a mistake, but that the leaders have made a mess of it since."
Joseph Felföldi's song is inspired by the English ballad tradition, with the lyrics identifying themes that Europeans associate with Britain: A misty island, at once nearby and distant; a proud seafaring nation with a long history; and a complex destiny intertwined with that of Europe. Out of respect, Felfoldi sings the lyrics in English, himself.
The choreography is arranged by Zsuzsa Laczó of the Csokonai Theater in Debrecen, with dancer Kitti Gall playing Britannia on a bare stage. The narrative evokes a combination of admiration, beauty, trauma, and sorrow.
"With our eyes on Britain now, it creates an opportunity for self-reflection and wider reflection, too: Where we come from, where we are now and where we are heading to politically, physically and spiritually. These are significant questions we should contemplate and we should act if we don't like the picture." – explains Felföldi."
Felföldi is a Hungarian businessman and founder of a candy company which exports across Europe and the world, with the U.K. representing one of its strongest partners. He also writes and produces songs and poetry. He lost one of his eyes in an accident when he was 14 years old. "At this time, his sister gave him his first guitar; his affinity and commitment to music, literature and arts has accompanied his every waking moment since," the statement says.
The final goodbye is near for the UK
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On the other day I was having a discussion with my new client when he popped the question, why do customers leave despite same offering from competitors? He was making an assumption that the offering from his competitor is similar to what his company offers. It was difficult for me approve or contradict that without knowing the details however I told him, "tangibles may resemble but intangibles may not" and there could lie the difference. Intangibles that I am talking about are given in the diagram below. There may not be anything new about them but just that one needs to realise that they, the intangibles, are very much part of an offering by a company to its customers.
Few years back, in a seminar, one sales manager shot back at me saying 'service starts only after sales' when I drew the attention of audience to 'pre-sale service'. But when I asked him about information support given to customers on order status, delivery time, despatch etc. he said "they are part of the process". Then isn't post-sale service part of that process?
It's important to classify any interaction between a customer and a company, with regard to a sale, as service as it underlines the importance of the activity being performed. Any service before the product is delivered is part of 'pre-sales service'. The reason why I am emphasising on 'pre-sales service' is because people across the company are involved in this and not just sales department. Manufacturing, Accounts, R&D, Transportation are some of the departments that are responsible for some of pre-sales service activities. A well co-ordinated, unified approach is necessary to ensure that the customer gets what he is made to expect from the company. It's very easy for a company slip up here. Customer focus across the company is the only way forward in this regard.
Ensure high quality standards timeliness in the delivery of your service. Keep improving your service standards through feedback / learning.
Commitments are of two types, one is authorised and the second unauthorised. Many companies face problems with unauthorised commitments made by their sales team to gain a sale. Some of these don't get documented and quite a few may never reach any other person except the concerned sales executive. Every commitment that is violated creates a deep hole in a customer's trust. A company should be mindful of commitments it makes in the form of concessions, additions, terms etc. and honour them without fail. With respect to unauthorised commitments made by salesmen, the customer should not be made to pay, for the mistake is not theirs. Companies must set their house in order and drive home the message that unauthorised commitments will not be tolerated and those who make them will be made to pay for it.
Beyond tangibles, service and commitment what else can a company offer? A relationship, certainly. In mid 1990's, besides poor service standards, many customers jumped over to new private sector banks due to poor treatment meted out to them by staff of Public Sector Banks (PSBs) in India. In fact the tide is now turning and more and more people are leaving for PSB's. Nowadays, customers get much better treatment from the staff of PSBs and their service standards have improved greatly.
Customers can get vocal when their expectations on tangibles are not met but may not waste their lung power to get the message across when it comes to intangibles, barring may be post-sales service. They will just move away and the onus will be on you to learn why they did so. One of the basic tenets in business management is "never betray your customers' trust". When a customer decides to buy your product or avail your service he / she starts building trust in your offering and remember both tangibles and intangibles are part of an offer. If this trust is taken for granted or played around with, then those customers who leave you will take away much more business than they brought you in the first place.
Tangible aspects of a product / service may win you a customer but it is intangible aspects that help you retain customers. Intangibles carry your own mark and are difficult to duplicate unlike tangibles. They even mask some shortfalls in your products and services, albeit for a short period, therefore be mindful of them.


Movie News: TF4 Bundle! Opens June 27, 2014!
The title of next year's 4th entry is the subject of the quote. Want a hint? It contains the name of a Decepticon Leader other than our dear Megatron! What does he have to say? Through the spacebridge my friends, for the good news!
TF4 opens June 27, 2014!
Transformers 4 has long been rumored to bear the title Transformers: Rise of Galvatron. However, director Michael Bay is now warning fans not to believe those lies.
In regards to the Pagani Huayra, it's described on Bay's site as follows: "Considered a masterpiece of design and engineering, this fierce, 2013 blood red Pagani Huayra is named after an ancient Andean God of Wind." No word on which Transformer assumes this form.
Another new car, not yet officially revealed, is this "Rally Fighter" as described by Transformers Live. Head there to see more images.
Win a brief role on the next live-action film! Could be your BIG-BREAK, kid-o!
Filming will eventually end up in Shanghai, China too, according to the Hollywood Reporter. Producers are even holding a casting contest there for a role in the film. Read more about that in the LA Times.
Also, the film will be partially filmed in Shanghai, China! A CASTING CONTEST is being held, which you can read more about @ the L.A. Times' website!


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Toronto Blue Jays vs. Detroit Tigers Betting Preview
Freddy Galvis and the Toronto Blue Jays are preparing to square off against the Detroit Tigers at Comerica Park in a Sunday showdown. The opening pitch is scheduled for 1:10 p.m. ET and Fox Sports Detroit will broadcast this AL showdown.
Toronto Blue Jays vs. Detroit Tigers Odds
The Blue Jays are 38-62 SU and are 47-52 against the spread (ATS). They've lost 17.1 units for moneyline gamblers and 10.7 units ATS. The Tigers, on the other hand, are 29-65 SU and 36-57 ATS. The team has lost 24.0 units for moneyline bettors and 27.2 units ATS.
Neither squad has established itself as an obvious over/under play this season. Tigers games have an over/under record of 44-43-6 so far in 2019. Toronto has an over/under record of 48-48-3.
Jacob Waguespack will get the start for the visiting Blue Jays. The right-handed Waguespack is 1-0 with a 5.93 ERA and 13 strikeouts. He has yet to face the Tigers this year and did not record a start against them in 2018, either.
The Tigers will put the ball in the hands of Tyler Alexander (0-0, 3.60 ERA), who has four strikeouts and zero walks as well as a 1.00 WHIP. Alexander did not pitch in the majors last season.
Toronto's pitching staff allowed 5.2 runs per game and its starters own a 5.46 ERA, 1.53 WHIP and 7.17 K/9. The bullpen has logged an ERA of 4.24, along with a WHIP of 1.53.
The Blue Jays offense has slashed .234/.302/.410 on its way to 4.4 runs scored per game in 2019, including 5.1 runs per game over the team's last 10 games and 6.6 per game over the team's last five contests (3-2 SU).
Freddy Galvis and Randal Grichuk have paced Toronto's offense. Galvis is hitting .274/.311/.457 with 15 home runs, 47 RBIs and 46 runs scored, while Grichuk has a .233 average with 16 homers, 43 RBIs and 44 runs scored.
In the home-team dugout, Detroit's pitchers have given up 5.7 runs per game overall this season. The team's starters have an ERA of 5.29, a WHIP of 1.41 and a strikeouts-per-nine of 8.4. The bullpen has a 5.16 ERA, 1.47 WHIP and 7.8 K/9.
Detroit's hitters are putting up 3.6 runs per outing, including 3.8 per game over its last 10 games and 2.2 per game over their last five. The team has a slash-line of .194/.222/.327 over its last five contests and is 0-5 SU during that stretch.
Nicholas Castellanos and Miguel Cabrera have led the Tigers' hitters this year. Castellanos is slashing .280/.339/.467 with 10 home runs, 35 RBIs and 55 runs scored, and Cabrera's line is .283/.346/.373 with five homers, 37 RBIs and 23 runs.
The Tigers have lost 23.5 units and are 27-48 ATS when facing a right-handed starting pitcher. The over has hit in 32 of those games, as opposed to 38 that've gone under against righty starters.
Blue Jays at Tigers Free Prediction
Predictions: SU Winner – Tigers, ATS Winner – Blue Jays, O/U – UNDER
The under has hit in just two of Detroit's last seven games.
The Tigers have dropped 11 of their last 12 games SU.
Toronto fielders have three errors over the last 10 games, compared to eight errors for Detroit over its last 10.
The Blue Jays have hit 12 home runs in their last 10 games, including eight over their last five.


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Q: What's going on with Windows Installer technology and VS not supporting it? I just started a new job where they use both WiX and InstallShield to create installers. I was busy learning WiX and then had to jump to another project that uses InstallShield, so I googled InstallShield and got to a page on MSDN that says "It replaces Windows Installer technology, which Visual Studio no longer supports". Why does VS not support Windows Installer Technology? Does that mean that eventually I'll have to stop using WiX?

A: They still and will support Windows Installer for a long time. However, because their own support for Visual Studio Installer Projects was very limited they (probably) decided to let somebody else give it a try on doing something else.
1) On the long run, Microsoft probably wants us all to move to AppX (Desktop Bridge and UWP), but this will take at least 5-10 years, in the most optimistic scenario, in my opinion. They are putting a lot of effort into this migration because it is a crucial part of their bet on universal apps. (i.e. they need to get more apps in the store, and this is the simplest and fastest way for developers to repackage as AppX their existing code base, without rewriting it).
AppX packages still have a lot of limitations (you can not do drivers, services, or any other machine resources - everything must run in user mode), so there will be a lot of work to be done. Also, some heavy duty apps will simply not be suitable for this migration.
2) On a similar underlying technology as AppX packages there also App-V packages, widely used for a few years now for deployment of apps in enterprises. However, as I said these are designed for enterprise usage, not for the consumers, so this is not a complete replacement for Windows Installer, but in my opinion it does represent a better solution for the problems encountered by enterprises (i.e. running multiple versions of the same software side by side, compatibility issues with software written on XP, highly improved management and performance for VDI environments, etc...)

A: The Windows Installer technology being referred to was Visual Studio Installer projects (.vdproj). It was gone for a few versions then it was back. (Don't know the current status.) It was not a good tool for anything but the simplest Windows Installer packages and used custom actions were none were needed. It was however at Microsoft product.
The WiX Toolset is an open source project and not a Microsoft product (though is has been used for several Microsoft products). It's aim is to support building any reasonable Windows Installer package. It should be around as along as Windows Installer is relevant.


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I.INTRODUCTION Bucharest , capital and largest city of Romania, located in the southeastern part of the country. The city is situated about 65 km (about 40 mi) north of the Danube River, near Ploieºti, on the banks of the Dîmboviþa River (a tributary of the Danube). Bucharest lies on a generally level plain and, including suburban districts, occupies an area of about 300 sq km (about 117 sq mi).
In 1930 the population of Bucharest was 631,288. By the 1950s, as a result of industrialization and urbanization policies, the population doubled, and it has continued to increase steadily. The population was 2,037,000 in 1997.
The city is divided into two sections by the Dîmboviþa River and is crossed by two wide boulevards. Bucharest contains six administrative districts; the adjacent rural area forms a seventh district. Most industrial areas are located in the suburbs, while the city is primarily residential. Bucharest, known as the "Paris of the Balkans" in the early 20th century, was a cosmopolitan city before 1944 when its architecture, city planning, and culture were French-inspired. After a Communist government came to power following World War II (1939-1945), French cultural qualities were ended, although the architecture remains. During the 1980s, under the orders of Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceauºescu, a vast area on the banks of the Dîmboviþa was razed, including houses and historical monuments. Buildings of North Korean architectural style were then erected, although many of these structures are still unfinished.
Noteworthy secular structures include the Palace of Justice (1864), the Stirbey Palace (1835), the National Bank (1885), the Presidential Palace (previously Cotroceni Palace; 17th century with later additions), and the buildings of the Central Library of the University (1893). In the 20th century, the Cantacuzino Palace (1900), the Central Post Palace (1900), the Central Savings Bank (1900), the Royal Palace (1935), the Central Army House (1913), and the Arch of Triumph (1920) were built. Among Bucharest's outstanding religious structures are the Antim Monastery (1715) and the Patriarchate Church (1665). Bucharest has many parks and wooded areas, including Herãstrãu, a large park with lakes.
Educational institutions in Bucharest include the University of Bucharest (founded in 1694; refounded in 1864) and the Polytechnic University (1819). The city is also the site of the academies of economics, agriculture, architecture, medicine, and music.
VII.HISTORY The history of Bucharest is traced to the 15th century. Following the revolt of the vassal principalities of Walachia and Moldavia against their Ottoman conquerors, the Ottomans burned the city in 1595. In 1698 the Ottoman sultan Mustafa II made Bucharest the seat of the Walachian government. Wars routinely erupted among the Ottoman Empire, Austria, and Russia between 1711 and 1829, and Bucharest, geographically in the middle of the conflicts, was periodically occupied and destroyed.


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One afternoon, after a hectic morning and a relaxing 2 hour nap, I woke up to find my house a little too quiet. With all my six senses on the alert, I looked for my little 7 year old daughter, and found her sitting in front of the television with a large bowl of tortilla chips along with a bowl of red tomato salsa.
Quickly processing this information in my mind I asked her where she had gotten the salsa from as I didn't have any at home.
My eyes just popped out. I had forbidden her to use any knives. Reading the question in my eyes she added, "I was hungry you know and you were sleeping for so long". Well I could not say anything after that except, "I am hungry too, give me a bite".
She happily brought me one tiny little half a chip with the salsa loaded on it.
And it was the best bite I had had in a long time.
Ever since that day she has been declared the "official red salsa maker" in our household.
She has over the years, improved her version of salsa. She has now substituted tabasco sauce with red bird's eye chili.
I am sharing her recipe that she used for making salsa for our friends recently.
pestle crush the mixture a little, keeping parts of it chunky.
.Add the red capsicum and coriander leaves and mix well.
.This version is spicy and very quick to make.
My version of red hot salsa is not very different from my daughter's except that I cook it just a little bit.
.Red bird's eye chili......................4, finely chopped or 1 1/2 tsp.
.Salt...............................................to taste, approximately 1/2 tsp.
.Heat olive oil in a pan. Add garlic and saute on low heat till fragrant, about 45 seconds.
.Add the dry oregano and basil leaves.
.Add the red capsicum and mix well.
.Bring to a boil on a low to medium heat.
.Add the chopped coriander leaves and the remaining onions and mix well.
.Serve as a dip for tortilla chips or tempura or pakora or on your burger, or in the wraps.
I had a quick question in which I'd like to ask if you do not mind. I was curious to know how you center yourself and clear your mind before writing. I have had a tough time clearing my mind in getting my thoughts out there. I do take pleasure in writing however it just seems like the first 10 to 15 minutes are wasted just trying to figure out how to begin. Any ideas or hints? Appreciate it!
Sorry for the delayed reply. You comment was marked as spam. I finally figured how to get it on the blog.
A lot of mails that I have been receiving are getting marked as spam.
This is because you have been sending them from your own website.
Such messages get marked as spam and hence your valuable comments are not viewed by anybody but me.
I love your comments and would love to share them with all my readers, so please try to send them through the regular e-mails. Spam mails can clog my site and make it difficult for people to find it.
or use the comment box without your website address.
suppose you added a little information? I ain't saying your content is not solid., but what if you added a post title that makes people want more? I mean "QUICK RED HOT SALSA" is kinda plain. You ought to peek at Yahoo's front page and watch how they write article titles to get viewers to click.
grab people interested about what you've written. In my opinion, it could make your blog a little livelier.
I've either written myself or outsourced but it seems a lot of it is popping it up all over the web without my agreement. Do you know any techniques to help stop content from being ripped off? I'd really appreciate it.


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basic assumptions of mills theory
2007/10/91. Mill's Intellectual Background One cannot properly appreciate the development of Mill's moral and political philosophy without some understanding of his intellectual background. Mill was raised in the tradition of Philosophical Radicalism, made famous by Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832), John Austin (1790–1859), and his father James Mill (1773–1836), which applied utilitarian principles some of the basic assumptions and theories of from both a traditional and critical viewpoint and identify any gaps that may in the Harvard Model (Beer, Spector, Lawrence, Mills Walton, 1984), which is one of the most widely referred to models of the
6.6C: Lenski's Sociological Evolution Approach
Key Terms shared culture: Lenski claims that members of a society are united by a shared culture, although cultural patterns become more diverse as a society gains more complex technology and information. Gerhard Lenski: He is an American sociologist known for contributions to the sociology of religion, social inequality, and ecological-evolutionary social theory.
Bandura's (1989, 1992, 1994, 1997) social–cognitive theory is a general theory of self-regulatory agency, which proposes that perceived self-efficacy lies at the center of human behavior. According to this model, effective self-regulation of behavior and personal change requires that people believe in their efficacy to control their motivation, thoughts, affective states, and behaviors.
2020/8/11Mills thus advocated his social science elite to replace such corrupt manifestations of the existing system, thereby calling into question many of the fundamental assumptions of democracy. He advocated a community of social scientists, similar to Plato's philosopher-kings, throughout the world, but especially in the United States, and this elite would wield power through knowledge.
2011/7/11Basic research or fundamental research contributes to the development of knowledge/theory. Applied research is socially useful - application of the knowledge generated to social concerns. Action research is useful in solving an immediate, specific problem.
Max Weber, known as the father of organization theory, founded the bureaucratic centralization theory. Despite of the study on this issue made by others prior to him, the theory did not pronounce its existence as a systematic one until Web. This theory advocated
Defense Mechanisms in Rational Emotive Cognitive
2016/2/18Ziegler, D. J. (2000). Basic assumptions concerning human nature underlying rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) personality theory. Journal of Rational-Emotive Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 18, 67–87. Article Google Scholar
Isodual Theory of Antimatter: With Applications to Antigravity, Grand Unification and Cosmology Ruggero Maria Santilli Antimatter, already conjectured by A. Schuster in 1898, was actually predicted by P.A.M. Dirac in the late 19-twenties in the negative-energy solutions of the Dirac equation.
In order to make his model work, Weber isolated what he believed to be basic causal factors by holding all other possible variables constant. Eventually, these variables could be introduced (one at a time) into the model. Weber's basic assumptions are as follows:
Read Social constructionism and entrepreneurship Basic assumptions and consequences for theory and research, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour Research on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of
On the basis of some of these assumptions, David Ricardo (cited in Irwin 1996:21) developed his theory of comparative advantage, which he believed was inherent to Portugal's production of wine and England's manufacturing of cloth. This is how he explained it
The Basic Idea of Utilitarianism The Greatest Happiness Principle: " Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness " –John Stuart Mill Happiness = pleasure, and the absence of pain
For Mills, America is simply not a society of publics, and the idea of it as such is nothing more than traditional democratic theory's embrace of "romantic pluralism," a nostalgic image – and maintaining itself ideologically – of the structure of power in America
They devised a theory on aging that had assumptions built into it. These were simply put, that all elderly people realize the inevitability of death and begin to systematically disengage from their previous youthful roles while at the same time society prepares to disengage from them (see Maddox et al. 1987 The Encyclopedia of Aging, Springer Pub.
Results Page 48 About Dependency And Modernization
Strain Theory Strain Theory I have chosen to write about Robert Merton's Strain Theory.I find this theory particularly interesting, especially as it relates to crime and even education. As noted in our book Sociology in Our Times: The Essentials, the definition of strain theory is that people feel strain when they are exposed to cultural goals that they are unable to obtain because they do
PATRICIA MILLS' edge, truth, and reality have significant im plications for curriculum theory and design. Yet they have been tremendously overempha sized in our present conceptualizations. To day curriculum workers are facing a totally new field of
Pluralism critiques elite theory assumptions of a cohesive capitalist class. According to pluralism, the capitalist class is not unified. However, as explained by class theory, class unity is not necessary for elite interests to be achieved. Furthermore, elite theorists
The GAP-ACT model is based on William T. Powers' Perceptual Control Theory (PCT), which is a closed loop view consistent with Basic Control Theory and Integrated Control Theory (Nickols, 2016). PCT states that an organism generates actions that impact the environment around them; in an attempt which creates or changes the experience in a way desired or attended by the organisms (Powers, 1998).
The Theory of the Leisure Class. A classic of sociology and economics, originally published in With exquisite irony, Veblen, the "best critic of America that America has produced" C. Wright Millslays bare the hollowness of our canons of taste and culture. For more
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First, let's distinguish the basic meaning of the verb put.
Other meanings of the verb we get by adding prepositions to form phrasal verbs. Let's look at the options phrasal verb put.
Make fun of someone, put in a ridiculous position.
I put the sweater on in order not to catch a cold. — I put on a sweater so as not to catch a cold.
Monica put on the most beautiful dress that she had in her wardrobe. — Monica wearing the most beautiful dress, which she had in the locker room.
As a rule, the noun can be placed between the verb and a preposition or after all phrasal verb. The pronoun can stand only between the verb and the preposition.
Oh my God, Clara put on 10 kilos! — My God, Clara won 10 kilos!
We decided to put on something new, we want to impress our audience. — We have decided to put something new, we want to impress the audience.
Put the light on, I can not see anything. — Turn on the light, I can not see anything.
I was such a fool, they simply had put me on. — I was so stupid, they're just kidding me.
Giving anywhere (in the wash, repair, a child in kindergarten, etc.).
I've put my leg out, I can not go, I should stay at home. — I dislocated my leg, I can not go, I need to stay home.
Tourists had not put out all fires, that's why the conflagration started. — Tourists are not put out all the fires, so the fire started.
Three members were put out of the club for failing to pay the fee. — Three members were expelled from the club for non-payment.
Do not you forget to put out the washing? — You did not forget to give clothes to the laundry?
The plant has put out the record number of their production. — The plant produced a record number of products.
Tom was really put out by the unexpected arrival of his mother-in-law. — The unexpected arrival of Tiffany reason for this notable inconvenience.
Do not forget to put off all the lights before you leave the house. — Be sure to turn off all the lights when you leave the house.
Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. — Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.
His self-assured smile puts me off. — His shy smile makes me disgusted.
Stop talking, you put me off! — Stop talking, you're in my way!
Run to finish (the job).
The director decided to put all the business deals through very quickly. — The director decided to do all the work very quickly.
Can you put me through to this number? — Can you connect me with this number?
In spite of all difficulties, the Parliament has put the new law through. — Despite all the difficulties, the Parliament adopted a new law.
Please, put down all deals, today is your birthday! — Put aside all the business, please, today is your birthday!
Can you put me down at the next stop? — Let me off at the next stop.
He is a monster, he put down everything we had in the fridge! — He's a monster, he ate everything that we had in the fridge!
Put down his lectures, they will be very helpful one day. — Write down his lectures, one day they will be very useful to you.
You should put down 15% as a deposit. — You must make a deposit of 15%.
The firm had to put down expenditures, it was on the verge of bankruptcy. — The company had to cut back on spending, she was on the verge of bankruptcy.
You'll never succeed in putting me over, I'm also very sly. — You will never be able to deceive me, I am also very tricky.
He simply put us over. — He just lied to us.
Wrap, to change (date) at an earlier date.
The good weather has put the flowers ahead rather early. — Due to the warm weather, the flowers were early enough.
We have to put our meeting ahead, I'll be busy next week. — We'll have to postpone our meeting to an earlier date, I will be busy next week.
It has been put about that the weather will be cold. — They say that it will be cold.
I was really put about by that news. — I was really concerned about that news.
He managed to put across the project in time. — He was able to successfully complete the project on time.
I do not want you to put me across with such ugly methods. — I do not want you to convince me such terrible methods.