For much of its history, North Africa has fallen under the control of various empires and foreign power. However, as many of these conquerors eventually found out, North Africa was a region that was both unwieldy in its dimensions and unwieldy to control. The region' disconnected, fragmented regional perspectives and administrative structures resulted from and produced a fissiparous process of cumulative and reinforced fragmentation, whether looking at matters from the littoral or from the interior. In this post, I want to look at North Africa in Late Antiquity (ca. 200–600) and how the region's geography, politics, and society made it nearly impossible for central authorities (usually Romans or Byzantines) to fully control the region.
North Africa, a region roughly defined as all territory west of Egypt and east of the Atlantic, was perhaps one of the most important regions of the Roman Empire in Late Antiquity. However, in discussing late Roman North Africa, one is generally concerned with the territory of modern-day Tunisia (Roman "Africa"), and modern-day Algeria, where most of the major population centers (and most productive lands) were located. So what do I mean by "unwieldy"? In the context of this piece, I use the term to refer to the rather unstable foundation upon which Roman imperial rule rested in North Africa, as well as to the region's volatile forces (geographic, religious, political) which played a role in undermining Roman control in the area. North Africa proved difficult for the Romans to subject to direct, central control for a number of reasons. Firstly, the geographic reality of North Africa certainly complicated Rome's ability to establish its firm control over the region. This is by no means a minor factor and shall be described in more depth. Secondly, the rise of Christianity in North Africa in the third and fourth centuries was a turbulent development which proved a challenge to Roman imperial control. Finally, political challenges (both external and internal) threatened—and in the case of the Vandals, did—to overturn Roman imperial rule in significant parts of the province. It is through a discussion of a combination of these three primary dimensions of North Africa's "unwieldiness" that the challenges which faced the Roman Empire between the third and sixth centuries can be better understood.
In order to understand the political and social forces which played a role in undermining Roman rule in North Africa, it is crucial to grasp the topographical circumstances of the region. In many ways, the political developments in the area, especially the fragmentation in the fourth and fifth centuries, are reflective of the geographical realities of the province. Geographically, North Africa posed one of most serious challenges to Roman imperial control. The lack of navigable rivers and the volatile climate were two major factors which undermined the ability of the Romans to extend their rule significantly inland. With regard to the coastal region, there were also complications in that North Africa (especially the regions west of Carthage) lacked natural harbors since most of the coast was elevated above sea level. It was only the coastal region around Carthage (near modern-day Tunis) which was easily navigable. The existence of several different "micro-climates", a term used to refer to the geographic variety encountered in North Africa as well as to the various climatic conditions in those regions, was an additional factor which posed a major logistical challenge to Roman rule. It was not only the lack of uniformity in the province or the unpredictability of the weather nor even the lack of rivers which posed the greatest problem, but in many ways it was the difficulty in travelling (and, more significantly) transporting troops across the province which was the most serious issue. For example, one of the only routes between the Roman province of Mauretania Tingitana and Mauretania Caesariensis was the so-called "Taza Gap".
An additional problem was the mountainous terrain immediately south of the coast (in regions corresponding to modern-day Morocco and Algeria). The Aures mountain range which extends throughout the province also cut through much of Roman-controlled territory and made it difficult for the empire to extend its ruler further inland (hence, much of Roman territory in Algeria was restricted to the coastline). With regard to the Aures, it is significant that it was the center of a large number of tribal groups (who challenged Roman rule, as will be discussed below). The Aures mountain range (considered one of the many "micro-climates") is a key example from Late Antique North Africa of how geographical conditions could give rise to a particular political circumstance; in this case becoming the strongpoint of several tribal groups in the region. The Romans were not oblivious to these problems of establishing and (more importantly) maintaining their control of North Africa. Thus, one of their strategies was to limit the amount of troops they deployed in the area (only one legion was stationed in the province) and relied instead on local auxiliaries, often composed of the very tribes whom they sought to keep away from the frontier. The issue of the encroachment of the autochthonous tribes upon Roman-controlled territory was itself a consequence of the geography of North Africa. These tribesmen and their flocks could not survive in the unsustainable climate of the Sahara desert and, as such, were continuously moving northwards in search of more moderate conditions, a source of water, and pasture for their flocks (mainly sheep). The better geographic/climate conditions on the coast led to the concentration of urban centers in that area, with the interior being only very sparsely populated. This further weakened Roman attempts to control the area. The combination of these conditions and realities (among others) was a key reason why the Romans were unable to construct continuous roads across the province, further undermining their ability to maintain control. It was also due to absence of such factors that the best-controlled and, therefore, most prosperous part of Roman North Africa was the province known as "Africa Proconsularis", which corresponds roughly to modern-day Tunisia. This brief overview of North Africa's geography merely seeks to underscore how geographical conditions give rise to the political and economic fragmentation which would affect Roman control of North Africa. As has been noted elsewhere, the geographic variety and the administrative separation (itself a product of these naturally-existing conditions) "discouraged the development of any coherent military strategy" by the Romans in North Africa. Fragmentation was therefore a cause as well as a consequence of the weakening of Roman control of the region.
A second major factor which contributed to the unwieldiness of North Africa was the rise of Christianity, which began to be spread in the second century but which became a potent force throughout the third and fourth. Early Christians, with their staunch opposition to Roman paganism, posed a key challenge to Roman imperial authority and legitimacy in the region. As Tertullian's "Apology" demonstrates, at least some Christians were not content with simply following their own faith but, rather, by preaching it openly and seeking to undermine the dominant pagan cults followed by the Roman state. The increasing number of Christians, especially in the area around Carthage (the administrative and political heart of Roman North Africa), and their growing power was a major cause for concern among the authorities. The direct challenge posed by Christianity to the Roman imperial authorities is nowhere made more important than in the letter of Cyprian (d. 258), the Bishop of Carthage, to Demetrianus, the Proconsul of Africa. In the epistle, the latter is condemned by Cyprian in the strongest terms, a clear indication of the threat to political authority and legitimacy posed by the rise of a particularly firebrand version of Christianity, as preached by Cyprian and many others. The martyrdom of Cyprian at the hands of the Romans further testifies to the fact that he was viewed as a major threat by the imperial authorities. The Roman response to the "Christian issue" by resorting to violent persecution was a strategy that created its own problems. Rather than diminishing the appeal of the faith among Christians, it contributed to the rise of an increasingly popular culture of martyrdom which hardened Christian resistance to Rome. This is made evident through several martyrologies glorifying the struggles of individuals such as Cyprian to the Roman authorities in North Africa. Even in the face of being forced to abandon their faith, many (albeit not all) Christians refused to do so, further undermining Roman control and legitimacy in North Africa. Indeed, those Christians who had succumbed to imperial pressure were referred to (derogatorily) as "libellatice"; in turn, this controversy would give rise to the Novations, although the problem shall not be addressed here.
Finally, another major factor contributing to North Africa's unwieldiness is also one that requires the least explanation given its obvious impact: political and military threats from within North Africa and beyond. Although Roman North Africa was relatively secure in the third and fourth centuries, the fifth century witnessed a military and political catastrophe as far as Roman North Africa was concerned. Not only did the Vandals invade and ravage much of Roman-held North Africa, but from approximately 439 to 533, these Germanic invaders ruled a substantial amount of territory, centered on Carthage, as an independent kingdom. This was concurrent with developments in Western Europe whereby a large amount of territory of the Empire was being brought under the authority of Germanic peoples and ruled independently of Rome. Although Rome still exercised a degree of control over Tripolitania and Numidia, the Vandal kingdom's hegemony over Africa Proconsularis deprived Rome of the important annona tribute/tax and fundamentally weakened Roman institutional control over the region, since it was fragmented even further by the existence of an alien Germanic entity in the very midst of North Africa. Despite the continuities between the Roman and Vandal administration, the latter's rule over Africa Proconsularis has a detrimental effect upon Catholic Christianity, given the Vandals' own preference for Arianism. Hence, upon the reconquest of Africa Proconsularis by the Emperor Justinian, several fundamental links with Rome had been weakened. This was exacerbated by the reconquest itself, which involved the Greek-speaking Eastern Empire. In many ways, the Vandal "interlude" represents a break between the earlier period of Roman authority and the inauguration of Byzantine rule in the region. Despite the various continuities in the period (from Roman to Vandal to Byzantine control), Roman/Byzantine control over the area was fundamentally weakened as a result of the Vandal conquest.
Concurrent with the Vandal conquest of Africa Proconsularis was the rise in Mauretania (corresponding with modern-day western Algeria and Morocco) of several independent "Moorish" kingdoms. This was a development which was in some ways a culmination of the increasing encroachment of the "Berber" autochthonous tribes upon Roman-held territory. The Vandal invasion created a rupture which fundamentally weakened Roman control over North Africa, thereby providing these tribes with an opportunity to rule openly as kings, although in some cases ruling while still recognizing the overlordship of Rome. These "Moorish" kingdoms aside, one of the most significant challenges throughout Roman rule in North Africa was the existence of the autochthonous tribes and their continual raids across the frontier. This was not a problem limited to the fifth and sixth centuries, but one that plagued the Roman authorities almost as long as they ruled in the region.
It was these three factors—geography, religion and politics—that also played an important role in impeding centralized Arab Muslim control over North Africa during the early Middle Ages. The importance of certain forms of Christianity as an oppositional socio-political force was replaced by Kharijism (especially Ibadism), while the indigenous Berber tribes continued to play an important role in weakening centralized authority, a process that would culminate in the complete political decentralization and fragmentation of the region well into the early modern period.
 Walter E. Kaegi, Muslim Expansion and Byzantine Collapse in North Africa (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), pp. 48–64.
 Kaegi, Muslim Expansion and Byzantine Collapse in North Africa, p. 68.
 However, in the case of Tertullian's "Apology", the author sought to affirm his loyalty to the emperor and the imperial system rather than dissenting from it. His primary concern was to address the religious grievances of Christians and to condemn the pagan cults.
This entry was posted in History, Medieval/Early Modern Iberia & North Africa by ballandalus. Bookmark the permalink.
[ ] Dieu le riche, le généreux, le secourable et moi qui suis par la grâce de celui dont la puissance est glorifiée et dont la parole est exaltée, par les miracles sacrés de Mohammed (que sur lui soient la bénédiction de Dieu et le salut), soleil du ciel de la prophétie, étoile de la constellation de l'apostolat, chef de la troupe des prophètes, guide de la cohorte des élus, par la coopération des âmes saintes de ses quatre amis Aboubakre, Omar, Othmane et Ali (que la satisfaction de Dieu très-haut soit sur eux tous), ainsi que tous les favoris de Dieu ; moi, dis-je le Sultan des Sultans, le Souverain des Souverains, le distributeur des couronnes aux monarques de la surface du globe, l'ombre de Dieu sur la terre, le Sultan et le Padichah de la mer Blanche, de la mer Noire, de la Romélie, de l'Anatolie, de la Caramanie, du pays de Rom, de Zulcadrié, du Diarbekr, du Kurdistan, de l'Azerbaïdjan, de la Perse, de Damas, d'Alep, du Caire, de la Mecque, de Médine, de Jérusalem, de toute l'Arabie, du Yémen et de plusieurs autres contrées que mes nobles aïeux et mes illustres ancêtres, que Dieu illumine leurs tombeaux, conquirent par la force de leurs armes, et que mon auguste majesté a également conquises avec mon glaive flamboyant et mon sabre victorieux, Sultan Soliman-Khan, fils de Sultan Salim-Khan, fils de Sultan Bayezid-Khan.
– Vous avez envoyé une lettre à ma Porte, asile des souverains, par votre fidèle Emissaire, vous lui avez aussi recommandé quelques communications verbales ; vous avez fait savoir que l'ennemi s'est emparé de votre pays, et que vous êtes actuellement en prison et vous avez demandé ici secours pour votre délivrance. Tout ce que vous avez dit ayant été exposé au pied de mon trône, refuge du monde, ma science impériale l'a embrassé en détail, et j'en ai pris une connaissance complète.
– Il n'est pas étonnant que des empereurs soient défaits et deviennent prisonniers ! Prenez donc courage, et ne vous laissez pas abattre.
– Nos glorieux ancêtres et nos illustres aïeux n'ont jamais cessé de faire la guerre, repousser l'ennemi et conquérir des pays. Nous aussi, nous marchons sur leurs traces. Nous avons conquis en tout temps des provinces et des citadelles d'un difficile accès, et nuit et jour notre cheval est scellé.
– Que Dieu très-haut facilite le bien et que sa volonté soit exécutée. Du reste, en interrogeant votre susdit Emissaire sur les affaires et les nouvelles, vous en serez informé.


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Winners Stories 22 Dec 2021
A win for Roscommon! EuroMillions player scoops €500,000 top prize in Tuesday night draw
Friday's EuroMillions jackpot set to roll to €70 million (est)
A EuroMillions player in the Castlerea area of Roscommon became the biggest winner of the night after winning the top prize of €500,000 in last night's EuroMillions Plus draw. The winning Quick Pick ticket was purchased on Sunday 19th December at the Corrib Oil Service Station on St. Patrick's Street in Castlerea, Co. Roscommon.
The winning numbers in Tuesday night's (21st December) EuroMillions Plus draw were: 18, 22, 29, 34, 50.
Staff members Teresa Brehony, Sarah Lavin and Breege Casey were pictured celebrating at the Corrib Oil Service Station on St. Patrick's Street in Castlerea, Co. Roscommon after it was announced that one of their customers won the top prize of €500,000 in Tuesday night's EuroMillions Plus draw.
Keith Gallagher, Manager of the Corrib Oil Service Station on St. Patrick's Street, was thrilled with the news: "A win like this really couldn't come at a better time. One of our customers certainly has had the ultimate early Christmas present this week. With all the talk of restrictions and uncertainty, it's just lovely to get a good news story like this. All of our staff are delighted with the win and excited that one of our customers has come into such good luck. Hopefully the winner checks their ticket soon and realizes just how much it's worth before Christmas. The whole team wishes them all the very best with their win!"
The Roscommon winner, who now has a ticket worth €500,000, is advised to sign the back of their ticket and keep it in a safe place. The winner should contact the National Lottery prize claims team on 1800 666 222 or email claims@lottery.ie and arrangements will be made for them to claim their prize.
As there was no winner of the astonishing €52,678,478 jackpot on offer last night, Friday night's jackpot is now set to roll to an estimated €70 million.
Ahead of tonight's €19.06 million Lotto draw, the National Lottery are continuing to appeal to customers to purchase their tickets early and to continue following public health guidelines while doing so. Lotto tickets can be purchased in-store, through the National Lottery app or at www.lottery.ie ahead of the cut-off time for sales at 7.45pm this evening.
Nearly 30 cent in every €1 spent on all National Lottery games goes back to Good Causes in the areas of sport, youth, health, welfare, education, arts, heritage, and the Irish Language. In total more than €6 Billion has been raised for Good Causes since the National Lottery was established 34 years ago. In 2020 alone, €254 million was raised for local Good Causes in communities across Ireland.
The National Lottery reminds players to play responsibly, play for fun.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Real Diamond Jesus Pendant cased in sterling silver with a 14k Yellow Gold Finish. (12.9 Grams) This piece is masterfully designed and manufactured with a 3D image of Jesus and genuine diamonds set throughout. Amazing design with sparkling diamonds. Each stone is a fully cut round brilliant stone, and are set very close to each order for an amazing finish. Truly, one of a kind pendant, its beauty cannot be concluded by the pictures. The charm is 1.75 Inches long including the bail. Total Diamond weight is 1.0 Ct.
OTHER DETAILS: Comes in a gift box.


A testamentary trust is a trust established under the terms of a Will.
The trust itself is created upon the death of the relevant person. The Will contains all the provisions of the trust.
A testamentary trust can be a fixed trust where beneficiaries have a fixed entitlement to the assets of the trust.
Alternatively it can be established as a discretionary trust where there is a specified category of beneficiaries but there is no fixed entitlement to any distributions of income or capital under the terms of the trust - the trustee of the trust retains absolute discretion to determine the manner and timing of any distributions of income and capital. The trustee can for instance exclude certain beneficiaries for whatever reason in their discretion.
you might also want to provide your beneficiaries with the flexibility to decide whether or not a testamentary trust would be of benefit to them and their families.
In many cases there are also very good tax reasons to use testamentary trusts.
There are costs associated with the establishment and ongoing accounting/management of a testamentary trust. You need to consider these when thinking about including a testamentary trust in your Will.
We would need to review your personal and financial circumstances to ascertain whether or not a testamentary trust is right for you. Please contact us and we would be happy to discuss the matter with you in more detail.
Need to discuss your legal matters?
Please call one of our lawyers on 9212 1099 for a confidential discussion about your legal matters.
Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation. Legal practitioners employed by David Landa Stewart Lawyers Pty Limited are members of the scheme.


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Louisiana State Museum
Designer: Chris Chadbourne and Associates
In 2006, the Louisiana State Museum system opened a new 38,000 square foot cultural history museum in the state's capitol, Baton Rouge. Featuring two permanent exhibitions, Grounds for Greatness: Louisiana and the Nation, and Experiencing Louisiana: Discovering the Soul of America, the museum selected stories that cast light on pivotal moments in world, national, and local history. Visitors to this new museum will experience stories ranging from the Louisiana Purchase to the rise of native sons Huey Long and Louis Armstrong, to the joy of Louisiana food. Iconic artifacts displayed that anchor specific stories in the exhibition include a recreated 48-foot wooden shrimp trawler, a Civil War submarine, and an oversized trumpet.


Gossip Girl Wallpapers with a photo of the cast and a logo. The first wallpaper is in color and the second in black and white. With Nate Archibald, Serena van der Woodsen, Chuck Bass, Blair Waldorf, Dan and Jenny Humphrey.
Gossip Girl wallpaper with the cast outside.
The same picture but then in black white.


We did Y Combinator in Winter 2008 as BaseShield, a secure, virtualized app store for Windows. We raised a tiny angel round afterwards.
As we were running out of money last fall we decided to kill the complicated BaseShield and launch Ninite (a simple, small feature we planned to have in BaseShield) and charge for it. We kept the old company and investors since we want to provide a return, but Ninite's been basically bootstrapped.


You can make doll hair, costume wigs, costume toupees and Mohawks.
You can make a whole row of tassels along the rods .
Save time, use the length of our rods and keep making tassels until the rods are full.
You can make multiple bows for hair or gifts bows too!
The bow will not twist when you knot it; resulting in identical bows. You can charge more for beautiful bows!
Tie on ribbons, make a bow and proceed down the rods making the next and next, fill the rods to your advantage.
Make bows of different sizes by adjusting the rods and stack them for a layered look. You'll sell more uniform looking bows!
You can make bows for hair or gifts too! Tie on the ribbons, make a bow and proceed down the rods making more, fill the rods to your advantage. The bow will not twist when you knot them. Make bows of different sizes by adjusting the rods and stack them for a layered look. You'll sell more uniform looking bows!
Make bows of different sizes by adjusting the rods and stack them for a layered look like Justin Beeber is promoting.
Make Pom Pom's for holiday gifts, teacher gifts, make in school or team colors and sell as fund raisers.
Make luggage tags from pom poms or bits of your fringe as suggested by Elaine H. of Tennessee.
Make a knitted tam (without knitting) with pom pom as shown by Elaine H. of Tennessee.
Adorable fringed socks, as shown by Elaine H. of Tennessee.
Fringe necklaces which replace scarves that always come untied.
Make fashion accessories; jewelry, head bands, ankle bracelets and coordinate them with other accessories or outfits.
Earrings and barrettes as suggested by Elaine H. of Tennessee.
Weave and make custom cloth to make cuffs, collars and upholstery seats and whatever else!
Soon we will be introducing how to make hand puppets.
If you can wind onto our rods, you can make fringe, tassels, bows and doll hair, costume hair and toupees and now WEAVE with it.
We are still learning all the many things you can create using our unique system. If you think of some other ideas, please share them with us.


Figuring out Meilleure agence digitale paris 2018 Shouldn't be Very difficult In any way! You simply Will need A terrific Teacher!
You may know already that social networking is now quite effective in connecting with people all over the world. Are you aware that websites like these are also just the thing for marketing your company? Here are some great social media marketing tips that will assist you expand your business.
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Make creative and interesting titles. Once your titles attract people, you stand a better chance of convincing customers to go the places you would like.
If you use Twitter being a branch of your marketing prepare for social media, make certain your tweets are varied in content. Tweet advice and useful information which is highly relevant to your market niche. Several of your tweets, obviously, will be more bold within their promotion of the business. Should you add informative tweets you will be unlikely to work away potential customers.
Before you hire any social media firm, be very cautious. A majority of these companies are dishonest and scam companies. These firms use 1000s of bogus Facebook, YouTube and Twitter accounts using proxy servers that automate registration at these websites. Criminals are finding strategies to defraud marketing customers while so that it is look just like they may be carrying out a good job.
YouTube can be a great tool for attracting visitors.
YouTube is very rewarding to bring in new people to your website, because your posted videos have provided these with a preview of the you must offer. It boosts sales when folks who go to the product site know already precisely what the product is about.
Responding to reviews and comments quickly and professionally must be a part of your social networking strategy. This straightforward gesture could turn your campaign in a real success. It is actually particularly vital that you respond to negative comments and reviews. If such posts remain to fester, they may damage your brand. A simple and positive response could resolve the issue, and leave a confident feeling ultimately.
Be sure to have a great deal of interaction with your customers. Discuss blog articles, reply to Facebook statuses and answer questions posted to the wall. Stay out of personal conversations and stay with replying to comments relating to your brand or products.
Range from the names of influential users of Twitter by name-dropping with the "@" symbol preceding the name. These individuals will find which you mentioned them and might retweet, or forward, your post. If you're lucky, these busy men and women require time out of their schedule to respond to your comment.
Use these strategies as a way to develop your business using social media marketing sites. You can use your everyday, recreational, social networking sites to increase your small business. By using the details you may have learned above, it will be possible to work with social media marketing to strengthen your small business position..
← Two Fabulous Classes You could Learn From Modesto seo experts.


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O músculo flexor longo do hálux é um músculo da perna.

Músculos da perna

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Pat Dooley
Oklahoma City honors stars with streets
OKLAHOMA CITY " I'm standing on the corner of Flaming Lips Alley and Mickey Mantle Drive if for no other reason than to say I'm standing on the corner of Flaming Lips Alley and Mickey Mantle Drive.
I … didn't … realize (ahh-ahh-ahh) that the Flaming Lips were from Oklahoma City. (For those of you without iPods or FM radio, "Do You Realize??" "yes, with two question marks " is the Lips' big hit).
Turns out the band formed here in 1983, 19 years before the band released the album Yoshimi Battles the Pink Robots. If nothing else, my time at the College World Series for softball has been educational.
The Mick is everywhere. The steakhouse that bears his name is phenomenal and there is a statue of him across the street at the Bricktown Ballpark. There is also a statue of Johnny Bench, who was born in Oklahoma City as well. And there is a Johnny Bench Drive. There are also plans for a Johnny Bench Museum in nearby Binger where Bench grew up.
And there is a Joe Carter Avenue. Carter also was born in Oklahoma City.
All of these street names made me again wonder why the city of Gainesville is so anal when it comes to naming streets after our many stars. We all know that the only way to get a street named after you on the University of Florida campus is to donate a ton of money (hence Gale Lemerand Drive).
But it seems the city has plenty of opportunities to honor the people who have made marks on our community.
For example, a Tom Petty Avenue would be a beautiful thing. How about Danny Wuerffel Blvd. or maybe a street named after Steve Spurrier. Long after he's finished at UF, I can't imagine anything better than a Tim Tebow roundabout.
Get with it Gainesville.
I'd definitely be in favor of a Pat Dooley Place. Of course, it would always be under construction.
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Story Contest 2017 #2 : Other than the winning entries, our judges found some stories to be of very good quality, though they did not quite make it into the best three. These highly commended stories were written by the following authors. We congratulate them also, since their stories show promise and talent.
Story Title: Winning isn't all!
Pragathi, nine years old is an Indian living in England. Next year she would like to join for Junior Bake Off because she loves baking. She is mischievous and naughty but she is also a quick learner. Her ambition is to be a baker or an author who will be famous like Enid Blyton or Roald Dahl. She dreams to be famous one day.
Viraj is a 4th standard student of Mount Litera Zee School, Vidyaranyapura Branch, Bangalore, India. His favorite games are Cricket and Chess. His hobbies include drawing, coloring, making paper rockets, reading stories, narrating stories to his mother, watching comedy movies, cartoons and sports in T V. He loves helping his parents a lot. He aspires to become a great cricketer, an actor as well as a chess champion. Moreover he likes to learn Taekwondo and Theatre acting in school. He not only participates in environment painting and drawing competitions but also likes to water plants and trees.
Gabriel Wood is going into the fourth grade. He reads obsessively and is trying his hand at origami. He plans to be an inventor when he grows up.
A resident of Mumbai, India, full of life and zest, Aliya loves to sing, dance and immerse herself in the world of stories that she fondly reads endlessly. Just moved into the 4th grade in Ecole Mondiale World School, she has been super excited to end her holidays and re-group with her friends.
As an early reader, Ally (as she prefers being called) has taken a keen liking to the world of books from a very young age of 3 and is constantly imagining the stories she reads. Being a keen observer, Ally keeps note of all interesting details she experiences daily and weaves them into her stories. She does hope her stories spark the same sense of adventure and excitement that she has experienced in every reader of her book.
Adrika Ghosh was born on 24th April, 2010 to Mr. Amit Ghosh and Mrs. Anindita Ghosh. She loves her parents very much. She is in class III at G.D. Birla Centre for Education and has many friends at school. Her favourite hobby is to read science as she wants to be a scientist. She loves reading story books and has read books like Aesop Fables, Grimm's' Fairy Tales, Ramayana, and Mahabharata and Amar Chitra Katha – some books based on mythology & history of India. Besides reading, she also plays cricket, works out karate & watches educational videos on the internet.
Anchita is a grade 6 student at Global Indian International School, Queenstown, Singapore. She loves reading as well as painting. She has been learning Bharatanatyam (Indian classical dance) for four years and had given various performances. Maths and science are her favourite subjects. She loves her school and her teachers a lot. She holds the post of head innovation in the primary school student council. She also wants to do something for the less fortunate kids and bring a smile on everybody's face. She believes in forgiveness and wants to make this word a better place for everyone.
Daphne Parker is a 7th grader at River Valley Middle School in Marion, Ohio. She enjoys playing with her dogs, Buttercup and Copper, and making wreaths to raise money for charity. She runs cross country and likes to water ski.
Disha Yadav is a 12 year old girl who enjoys playing basketball, drawing, painting, and goofing around. She enjoys writing from time to time with different types of stories. She also likes to dance and act in plays. Her favorite subject is science in biology. She hopes to be a doctor when she is older so that she can make a difference in someone's life.
Story Title: Whatever Happened to Mrs. Morrison?
Poem is eleven and a native Californian. She writes, draws, and occasionally dabbles in studying if she is feeling particularly motivated. She is fluent in French, and also trying her hand at Spanish. Currently she is in the process of editing her first novel. She hopes that one day she achieves literary greatness.
Rebecca O'Brien is 11 years old and lives in Paris with her mother, father, two sisters (Oona and Kerenza) and brother (Oscar). She is the youngest in the family. Her father is Irish and her mother French so at home she speaks French and English. Soon she will be entering a bilingual secondary school called Honoré de Balzac. At school, she often had to do creative writing (which she loves) and she always had a lot of inspiration. As well as writing, she also loves reading and always tries to find a moment to open a book.
Myrah Raj, 11 years old is a class 7 student from Army Public School, RK Puram. She lives with her mother and father in Secunderabad.
Myrah is extremely passionate about reading and writing and hopes to grow up to be an author. Her favorite authors are JK Rowling and Antoine de Saint Exupery. She loves dogs as much as she loves reading. She also likes to travel. At present Myrah is writing a novel and a few short stories.
Adyut is a class seven student at Chapslee School, Shimla. An avid reader since the age of five years, he loves to read and re read books. A keen musician, he enjoys playing the keyboard and is trying his luck with strings at the moment. He enjoys writing adventure stories and adding his own punch lines to those already penned. Music and books are his true companions.
Derek is a sophomore at Wilcox High School in Santa Clara, California, United States. His academic goal is to earn a doctorate degree in biochemistry, a career in which one develops cures and fights disease. In this part of the medical field, he'll be able to help young adults with their medical needs.
During his leisure time, he likes to read books such as those from Tom Clancy, John Gray, and Bill O' Reilly. Additionally, he enjoys hiking, walking, and biking—which too, are his favorite hobbies. He is practicing very hard for the SAT, studying in both the math and reading sections. During his endeavor, he learned many valuable lessons and one of them is in his story, "Isaac's Question".
Michelle Wang is a gifted grade 8 student currently going to Charles Howitt Public School. She resides in Richmond Hill, ON, Canada with three younger brothers. She loves to write and create, and has always dreamed of becoming an author and an engineer. She enjoys leading a team, and aspires to be a great leader when she grows up. Michelle also loves little kids, helping them learn and watching them laugh.
Story Title: I partied with the Stars!
Pooja Rakesh is a 13 year old studying in VIII Standard at Chinmaya Vidyalaya, Vaduthala, Ernakulam. Apart from her studies, she loves sports - especially basketball and badminton. She also practices the two sports regularly. She likes reading and creative writing. Ruskin Bond and Roald Dahl are her favourite authors. She has won a few prizes in writing and elocution contests. She also enjoys crafts and makes different craft items.
Maha Ali, fourteen years old, is an avid reader and keen writer. She loves socializing with friends and spending time with her cousins. She is a high achiever at school and loves helping others with their studies. Aside from school work and reading, Maha enjoys drawing, especially detailed motifs and zentangle. Some of her favorite authors are J. K. Rowling, Rick Riordan and Veronica Roth.
We invite school students all over the world to join our next International Short Story Contest.


Generally, doctors base cancer treatment options on the cancer's stage and your overall health. In the early stages, the goal is often to eliminate cancer and keep it from coming back. In later stages, doctors may try to remove the cancer (if possible), control symptoms, and improve quality of life.
At Dignity Health, providing the best cancer treatment is our goal. We work with our patients every step of the way to offer effective treatment and compassionate care that create an environment of healing and humankindness.
Our board-certified oncologists, surgeons, and other team members can use your comprehensive diagnosis and health history to provide the optimal cancer treatment in Arizona. Find out more about your options at Dignity Health by calling 877.914.1670 or using our Find a Doctor tool.
Surgery is the main treatment for many types of cancer, as it's often the best chance to cure the cancer. Surgery may involve removing part or all of an organ or gland in early stages. In later stages, doctors may also need to remove surrounding tissues. In advanced stages, surgery may help relieve symptoms by removing the tumor.
A mastectomy is treatment for breast cancer. It removes all or part of the breast to treat or prevent breast cancer. It may also involve removing lymph nodes.
A lumpectomy is also a treatment for breast cancer. It removes a breast tumor and a small amount of normal tissue around it. Your surgeon might also remove lymph nodes to test whether cancer has spread.
A biopsy is the removal of a small sample of tissue for examination. Taking a biopsy can help doctors diagnose or rule out cancer. Sometimes, excisional biopsies can remove all of a cancerous tumor or growth.
Radiation therapy uses high-dose X-rays or particles to destroy cancer cells. It can be a main treatment for cancer when surgery is not possible. Doctors may also use it before surgery to shrink the tumor and after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells.
Chemotherapy is medicine that kills cancer cells or stops them from growing. Like radiation, doctors use it before surgery, after surgery, and as a main treatment when surgery isn't an option.
Immunotherapy — or biologic therapy — boosts the immune system to help it find and kill cancer cells. Doctors most often use immunotherapy after surgery, when cancer has spread, or in people who can't have surgery.
Targeted therapies use characteristics unique to cancer cells to destroy them or stop their growth. They often "target" or neutralize the gene products of cancer mutations. Genomics and the study of your genes may allow your doctor to identify if targets are present on cancer cells and if specific targeted drugs may work for you.
Outpatient infusion service is a way to deliver intravenous (IV) cancer treatment without staying in the hospital. It's sometimes recommend when you need chemotherapy for cancer.
Palliative care focuses on the health needs of people with serious and terminal illnesses. It aims to improve the quality of life and provide pain relief for seriously and terminally ill people.
Dignity Health offers patients of all ages exceptional cancer treatments in Arizona.


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Awards and Special Recognitions
Tales of an Ikut Swami – Behind the Book Cover
Parent-Teacher Guides
About Cristina
Hope for Limpopo Vhutshilo Mountain School
Hope is Here!
Celebrating Sue Anne's life
by ckessler | Dec 14, 2019 | Hope for Limpopo, Sue Anne Cook
That we love and respect and treasure. That's what Sue Anne Cook meant to me. Our friendship goes back 28 years, when we met in Mozambique. She was the most under the radar and unassuming person I had ever met, and evolved into the most giving and impactful friend I have ever had. She started a small school in her trailer for pre-school HIV+ kids that no one else was helping. That evolved into the most loving and giving relationship between her beautiful daughter Woo, who came to her as a profoundly sick 2-year-old and is now a beautiful freshman in college.
Together they became AIDS activists, and Sue Anne's small school became the Vhutshilo Mountain School (VMS) in Venda, South Africa. It was brought to reality by the great NGO, Hope for Limpopo.
I don't know off-hand how many hundreds of kids passed through the school, where they received meals, meds, classes, love and clothes for two years. Many like Woo, are now healthy young adults all thanks to Sue Anne's vision and big heart.
In honor of the hard work, dedication and opportunities my dear friend provided, I am starting the Sue Anne Cook Scholarship Fund. Only graduates of VMS are eligible, and scholarships will be awarded the equivalent of $1000.00 for kids pursuing higher education, whether through secondary school, vocational schools or college. It's only appropriate that Woo is the first recipient, which I am donating. If you would like to keep Sue Anne's dreams alive, whether by a donation to the school or a donation for future scholarships, please let me know.
All donations are tax deductible and will be handled by Hope for Limpopo at www.hopeforlimpopo.org
Your generosity will help keep Sue Anne's dreams alive.
Vhutshilo Mountain School: https://www.vhutshilomountainschool.co.za/
Cristina's Bookstore
Photography Books (1)
Young Adult Novels (3)
Personal Memoirs (1)
© 2020; Cristina Kessler; St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands.


Long before Mary Keehn created Humboldt Fog, the California goat cheese with a layer of ash in the middle, French cheesemakers were putting cinders in Morbier. Made in eastern France, in the Franche-Comté region, Morbier is the only other cheese I know that has internal ash. (Some have ash on the rind.) And with evidence that it was being made in the late 1700s, and probably earlier, it has a good 200 years on Humboldt Fog.
According to the lore, Morbier is an offshoot of Comté production. When winter weather prevented farmers from getting their milk to the dairy where the Comté was made, they had to figure out something to do with it. Few farmers had enough milk to make their own Comté, which is a substantial wheel, so they invented a smaller cheese. They would heat and curdle the morning milk, place the curds in a mold and top them with a thin layer of ash from the fire that warmed the cauldron. The ash protected the curds and prevented a rind from forming. With the cows' evening milk, they made more curds and placed them on top of the ash to complete the wheel. Then they would press, salt and mature the cheese, which took the name of a Franche-Comté village.
Today, Morbier is an AOC (appellation d'origine contrôlée) cheese, a status it received only three years ago. AOC laws regulate how and where it's produced. The regulations require raw milk and a minimum of 45 days' aging, but they do not require the use of morning and evening curds. I have a feeling that this ancient practice persists only on small farms that make Morbier from their own milk. Much of the production is now industrial.
Like Taleggio or Munster, Morbier is a washed-rind cheese that develops a golden-orange crust. Wheels range in size from about 11 to 18 pounds. The interior paste is ivory colored, smooth and semi-soft, divided in two by the streak of vegetable ash.
Morbier has always struck me as a cheese that is more about looks than taste. It is simple, mild and inoffensive, with a sweet aroma that faintly suggests celery or green grass. I prefer cheeses with more character, complexity and persistence and was stunned when I tasted a Morbier recently that delivered all three.
Selected and aged by the respected French affineur (cheese ager) Jean d'Alos, then imported and aged for two more months by Tomales Bay Foods, this Morbier had mushroom, earth and damp cellar aromas, deep flavor and some fairly large eyes. The ash layer was a wavy ripple, not a straight line. A representative of Tomales Bay Foods says that d'Alos buys only from a single producer whom he won't reveal.
Tasting d'Alos' cheese side by side with a supermarket Morbier provided a vivid example of the art of the affineur. Unfortunately, his cheese is rare here; Artisan Cheese, with two stores in San Francisco, carries it is when available.
A light, dry white wine such as Chenin Blanc would match most Morbier in intensity. The more pungent d'Alos Morbier would do better with a more assertive wine, such as an Alsatian Pinot Gris.
Note: Morbier is distributed in the Bay Area, but The Chronicle is unable to list retail sources with certainty. If you can't find it where you shop, ask the merchant about future availability.
Next up: Pau, a goat's milk cheese from Catalonia.


41-year-old Samantha Brick is desperate for a child.
Having tried to conceive naturally without success for four years her and her husband embarked on their first round of IVF treatment earlier this year.
The gruelling process has a very small chance of working for women over the age of 40.
Yet today the journalist told This Morning that if she does manage to conceive and then learns that the baby has Down's Syndrome she would seriously consider aborting it.
Despite spending thousands of pounds on trying to conceive many women are deciding to abort babies after learning that they will be born with the genetic condition, leading some anti-abortion campaigners to claim that they are treating babies like designer goods.
Is it right to choose the option of a termination after under-going such an emotional and physical treatment?
Samantha believes that it is totally justifiable.
'My husband and I have been trying for a baby for four years. It is not easy, all around me friends are conceiving and building up their families.
'Every month you hope for the miracle baby, and when that doesn't happen you just keep going and keep going.
'My firs attempt at IVF failed and my husband I have discussed in depth and at length whether we could keep a baby diagnosed with Down's Syndrome.
'I live in France,I know that people there don't have the same support, I would have to send my baby to a centre on Monday morning and then welcome them back on Friday night.
Samantha also raisd the issue of being an older parent to a Down's Syndrome child.
She says: 'I'm 41 now. What will happen to that child with Down's Syndrome if anything happens to me?
'I'm not just having a glass of wine and deciding to terminate a baby.
It's a huge decision and one I wouldn't take lightly at all.
Also on the sofa was weather girl Claire Nasir, 42, who was told after conceiving through IVF that the chance of her having a Down's Syndrome baby was 1 in 20, but decided to go ahead with her pregnancy and has since had a healthy baby without the condition.
Claire said: 'When the doctors told us that there's a very high risk of Down's Syndrome - one in 20 - I was absolutely shocked.
'My reality changed, I went from the joy of being pregnant after so many years to having to have a tricky conversation with my husband about what we should do.
'But I had produced this beautiful little feotus and was going to love the baby whatever.
'I went in to having IVF and getting pregnant with my eyes open to any consequences I would have to face.
As a journalist, Samantha has spent four years researching the risks while she has been trying to get pregnant, she says: ''50-70 per cent of couples who have a child with a disability end up spitting up.
'I would love to have a child but he has a right in this argument too.
Talking exclusively to the MailOnline after the interview Samantha said: 'I absolutely stand by my comments and the position I took today. Far from being selfish, I believe I'm being selfless in putting the needs and wishes of those around me above my desire to be a mum.
'Its important to honestly debate such a difficult issues especial as 9 in 10 women will terminate such a pregnancy.
Video: Samantha and Claire debate the issue on This Morning. Watch the full interview here.


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Doctor Develops Mask That Fits Over Helmet Protection
Paul Steinbach
As football season winds down, only to be replaced by ice hockey and lacrosse, a South Florida doctor has come up with a design for a shield said to be effective against the COVID-19 spread among athletes required to wear helmets with protective face guards to play sports.
As reported by CBS affiliate WFOR in Miami, CAGEMASK is a two-layer reusable, washable cloth mask that is easily attached to the protective cage of a sports helmet. It does not inhibit breathing or performance, according to its manufacturer.
"CAGEMASK is a mask applied to the cage that has a helmet to help stop the spread of droplets," said Dr. Keith Hechtman, the Miami-based board-certified orthopedic surgeon specializing in sports medicine who created the design for CAGEMASK.
"CAGEMASK is the opportunity for people playing football, hockey, and lacrosse to take extra precautions to allow themselves to play safely," said Courtney Young, athletic director at Riviera Prep and one of the partners of CAGEMASK.
Hechtman and Young teamed up with South Florida dress design house Rene Ruiz Collection, using seamstresses at its Hialeah sample rooms to manufacture the masks.
"The inner layer is a cotton microfiber and the outer layer is more of a polyester-type stretch material, and it allows the material to move back and forth in the course of handling," Hechtman said.
After months of testing and working in conjunction with doctors and players under CDC guidelines, the product was patented.
Ransom Everglades school was first to sign up for this new layer of protection. School officials were so pleased with CAGEMASKS during football season that they have since ordered CAGEMASKS for the entire Lacrosse team, which begins play next month.
Orders have come from all over the country, WFOR reported, including from the NFL's Washington Football Team, which employs the masks during practice.
Fencing Instructor Accused of Assaulting Teens Dies in Jail
CDC Recommends Canceling 'High-Contact' Sports
Study: Urine Analysis May Be Key to Concussion Diagnosis
School Districts Cracking Down on Improper Mask Usage


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Zmpste24 deficiency in mice causes spontaneous bone fractures, muscle weakness, and a prelamin A processing defect
Martin O. Bergo, Bryant Gavino, Jed Ross, Walter K. Schmidt, Christine Hong, Lonnie V. Kendall, Andreas Mohr, Margarita Meta, Harry Genant, Yebin Jiang, Erik R. Wisner, Nicholas van Bruggen, Richard A. D. Carano, Susan Michaelis, Stephen M. Griffey, and Stephen G. Young
PNAS October 1, 2002 99 (20) 13049-13054; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.192460799
Martin O. Bergo
Bryant Gavino
Jed Ross
Walter K. Schmidt
Christine Hong
Lonnie V. Kendall
Andreas Mohr
Margarita Meta
Harry Genant
Yebin Jiang
Erik R. Wisner
Nicholas van Bruggen
Richard A. D. Carano
Susan Michaelis
Stephen M. Griffey
Stephen G. Young
Communicated by Richard J. Havel, University of California, San Francisco, CA (received for review June 26, 2002)
Zmpste24 is an integral membrane metalloproteinase of the endoplasmic reticulum. Biochemical studies of tissues from Zmpste24-deficient mice (Zmpste24−/−) have indicated a role for Zmpste24 in the processing of CAAX-type prenylated proteins. Here, we report the pathologic consequences of Zmpste24 deficiency in mice. Zmpste24−/− mice gain weight slowly, appear malnourished, and exhibit progressive hair loss. The most striking pathologic phenotype is multiple spontaneous bone fractures—akin to those occurring in mouse models of osteogenesis imperfecta. Cortical and trabecular bone volumes are significantly reduced in Zmpste24−/− mice. Zmpste24−/− mice also manifested muscle weakness in the lower and upper extremities, resembling mice lacking the farnesylated CAAX protein prelamin A. Prelamin A processing was defective both in fibroblasts lacking Zmpste24 and in fibroblasts lacking the CAAX carboxyl methyltransferase Icmt but was normal in fibroblasts lacking the CAAX endoprotease Rce1. Muscle weakness in Zmpste24−/− mice can be reasonably ascribed to defective processing of prelamin A, but the brittle bone phenotype suggests a broader role for Zmpste24 in mammalian biology.
metalloproteinase‖knockout mice‖brittle bones‖CAAX motif
The mammalian zinc metalloproteinase Zmpste24 has attracted attention because it shares a high degree of sequence identity with Ste24p, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae enzyme required for the maturation of the farnesylated mating pheromone a-factor (1–3). Ste24p plays two distinct roles in a-factor biogenesis (2, 4). First, it acts as a CAAX endoprotease, clipping off the C-terminal three amino acids from the protein (i.e., the −AAX of the CAAX motif) (3). Release of the −AAX from a-factor can also be mediated by Rce1p, the CAAX endoprotease involved in Ras processing (3). The removal of the −AAX exposes a carboxyl-terminal farnesylcysteine, which is methylated by Ste14p (5). Second, Ste24p clips the amino-terminal extension of a-factor, rendering it susceptible to a final endoproteolytic cleavage by Axl1p or Ste23p (6). Aside from a-factor, no other substrates for Ste24p have been identified, but other substrates likely exist because genetic screens in yeast have demonstrated that STE24 mutations can reverse the topological orientation of membrane proteins (7) and can affect the viability of yeast with mutations in genes encoding actin cytoskeleton proteins (8).
Zmpste24 faithfully carries out both of Ste24p's processing steps in a-factor biogenesis and thus is a bona fide Ste24p ortholog (2, 9). Although it would be tempting to speculate that Zmpste24 processes an "a-factor-like" peptide in mammals, no a-factor ortholog has yet been identified. We have previously speculated that prelamin A (a precursor to lamin A, a component of the nuclear lamina) might be a Zmpste24 substrate (2, 6) because prelamin A (like yeast a-factor) is a farnesylated CAAX protein that undergoes more than one proteolytic processing step (10). After the removal of the C-terminal −AAX, an additional 15 residues are removed from the C terminus of the protein, generating mature lamin A (10).
Three years ago, to assess the importance of Zmpste24 in mammals, we produced Zmpste24 knockout mice (Zmpste24−/−) by replacing the exon encoding the zinc-binding domain with a neomycin resistance cassette (neo) (9). We reported biochemical studies showing that tissues and cells lacking Zmpste24 were deficient in their ability to carry out the N- and C-terminal proteolytic processing steps in a-factor biogenesis. Although obvious abnormalities (including muscle weakness and spontaneous bone fractures) were plainly evident in independently derived lines of knockout mice, we were reluctant to report those data with the biochemical studies (9) because we were concerned that one or more of the phenotypes could have been due to effects of the neo cassette (particularly its promoter and enhancer elements) on the transcription of neighboring genes (11). Accordingly, we proceeded with the characterization of Zmpste24−/− mice lacking the neo cassette. In May 2002, Pendás et al. (12) reported a second mutant Zmpste24 allele in which several exons were replaced by a neo cassette. They reported that Zmpste24 deficiency was associated with a prelamin A processing defect as well as partial lipodystrophy, muscular dystrophy, and cardiomyopathy.
Here, we report the pathologic findings in Zmpste24-deficient mice, document a prelamin A processing defect in Zmpste24-deficient tissues and fibroblasts, and show that the prelamin A processing defect also occurs in cells lacking Icmt, the enzyme that carries out the carboxyl methylation of prenylated proteins.
Zmpste24−/− Mice.
Mice from two embryonic stem cell lines, each with a single integration event, were studied (9). Zmpste24−/− mice lacking the neo were generated by excising the neo with a deleter-Cre mouse strain (13). The phenotypes of the neo-positive and "neo-less" Zmpste24−/− mice were compared over a 2-year time frame. The mice had a mixed genetic background (≈50% C57BL/6 and ≈50% 129/SvJae), were fed a mouse chow diet, and were housed in a virus-free barrier facility.
Pathological Examination.
Full necropsies were performed on 16-, 20-, and 24-week-old Zmpste24−/− mice and littermate controls (n = 3–7) with histologic examination of >30 tissues, including all regions of the skeleton. In addition, necropsies and routine histology of the musculoskeletal system were performed on mice at 3, 6, 9, 16, 20, 24, and 30 weeks of age (n = 4–8). Whole-body radiographs were performed on 6- to 30-week-old Zmpste24−/− mice and littermate controls (n = 31) with a Faxitron specimen radiography system (Wheeling, IL).
Prelamin A Processing.
Extracts from Zmpste24+/+ fibroblasts, Zmpste24−/− fibroblasts, Rce1−/− fibroblasts (14), Icmt−/− fibroblasts (15), and wild-type fibroblasts treated with a farnesyltransferase inhibitor (SCH66336) were size-fractionated on SDS/4–15% polyacrylamide gels, and Western blots were performed with a C-terminal antilamin A goat antibody (sc-6214, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and an N-terminal anti-lamin A/C mouse monoclonal antibody (sc-7293, Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
Microcomputed Tomography (μCT) Scans.
Zmpste24−/− mice (n = 3–5) were examined with a MicroCT 40 scanner (Scanco Medical, Bassersdorf, Switzerland) at 18 days, 2 months, and 3 months of age. The μCT scanner allows for imaging and quantification of cancellous bone microstructure, in both two and three dimensions. The sample was scanned in the axial plane mounted in a cylindrical sample holder with a current of 0.16 mA, a voltage of 50 kV, at an isotropic resolution of 20 μm (image matrix 1024 × 1024 pixels). Images of Zmpste24+/+ and Zmpste24−/− bones were generated at the identical threshold.
The three-dimensional trabecular structure of the 12th thoracic vertebral body was constructed with the internal software of the μCT system. Cortical bone and trabecular bone were manually separated on each slice by a cursor line. Several structural parameters, including the bone volume to total volume ratio and trabecular thickness, were measured. The central 50% (the diaphysis) of the tibia and fibula were also analyzed. The cortical bone volume and density were determined by application of an automated image segmentation algorithm and image analysis software libraries (AnalyzeDirect, Lenexa, KS). Histogram analysis and morphological filtering were used to extract the cortex volume and total tibia/fibula volume. A cortical bone threshold (0.77 gHA/cm3) was determined by histogram analysis of the data. The threshold was applied to extract cortex voxels in the image data. A series of morphological operations within the software package was then applied to link cortex voxels and remove voxels of similar density within trabeculae. The ratio of cortical bone volume to total diaphyseal volume and the cortical bone density were calculated.
The phenotypes of neo-positive and neo-less knockout mice were identical over a 2-year period of study. Heterozygotes (Zmpste24+/−) appear normal for the first 12 months of life, but by 15 months of age, most heterozygotes were smaller than wild-type (Zmpste24+/+) littermates, appeared weak, and lost hair. Zmpste24−/− mice weigh slightly less than their littermates at weaning (3 weeks of age) and gain weight slowly (Fig. 1a). The mice also manifest muscle weakness (described below). By 6–8 weeks of age, they develop kyphosis of the spine, lose hair, and appear very malnourished. These phenotypes were progressive, and the mice either died or were killed by 6–7 months of age.
(a) Retarded growth in male Zmpste24−/− mice (n = 4) vs. littermate male Zmpste24+/+ mice (n = 13). Similar results were obtained with female mice (not shown). (b) Photograph of a 3-month-old Zmpste24−/− mouse and littermate Zmpste24+/+ mouse.
Spontaneous Bone Fractures.
The lower incisors of Zmpste24−/− mice were splayed apart, thin, and long (Fig. 1b). This peculiar phenotype has been noted previously in a mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta (16). Osteogenesis imperfecta in humans is characterized by brittle bones (17), and transgenic and gene-targeted mouse models of this disease develop spontaneous bone fractures (18–20). The incisor abnormalities in Zmpste24−/− mice led us to predict that the Zmpste24−/− mice might develop spontaneous bone fractures. Indeed, this proved to be the case. By 24–30 weeks of age, nearly every rib in Zmpste24−/− mice was broken in the vicinity of the costovertebral junction—obvious from hypertrophic calluses at the fracture sites (Fig. 2a). Callus surrounding broken ribs was also visible by routine x rays (Fig. 2b) and surface renderings of the vertebral spine from μCT scans (Fig. 2c). Penetrating views of the vertebral spine from the μCT scans (maximal intensity projections) revealed fractures of the tips of most ribs (Fig. 2d).
(a) Thorax of a 24-week-old Zmpste24−/− mouse. Fibrotic lesions surrounding broken ribs are indicated by arrows. (b) Radiograph of a Zmpste24−/− mouse, revealing callus formation surrounding rib fractures (arrows). (c) Surface rendering of a μCT scan of the lower thoracic spine of a Zmpste24−/− mouse. Callus is visible at the tips of several ribs near the costovertebral joints (arrowheads). (d) Maximal intensity projection from a μCT scan of the lower thoracic spine of a Zmpste24−/− mouse, revealing multiple rib fractures (arrowheads). (e and f) Hematoxylin- and eosin-stained sections of rib fractures (arrows) and surrounding fibrosis (arrowheads). (g) Avulsion of a fragment of bone (arrowhead) from the cortex of the humerus. (h) Fracture of the mandible with fibrosis between bone fragments (arrowhead).
Microscopic sections also revealed broken ribs surrounded by exuberant fibrous tissue (Fig. 2 e and f). The fracture sites were surprisingly acellular, with little inflammatory infiltrate and minimal evidence of healing. Bone fragments within fracture sites were frequently necrotic, lacking viable osteocytes. Zmpste24−/− mice manifested bone fractures in multiple locations aside from the ribs, including the scapula, clavicle, sternum, zygomatic arch, mandible, and humerus. The avulsion of a fragment of bone from the humerus of a 24-week-old Zmpste24−/− mouse is shown in Fig. 2g, and a fracture of the mandible in a 24-week-old Zmpste24−/− mouse is shown in Fig. 2h. The epiphyseal plates of the large bones of the upper and lower extremities were invariably normal (not shown).
By 8 weeks of age, Zmpste24−/− mice invariably (n = 8 examined) had fractures of the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch where the masseter originates (Fig. 3 a–d). These fractures did not heal, and the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch was replaced by fibrous tissue containing spicules of bone and necrotic debris. Because the masseter is a crucial muscle for moving the jaw, it is likely that the nutritional status of the mice was adversely affected by the zygomatic arch fractures. Consistent with this idea, the plasma glucose and total protein levels tended to be lower in the Zmpste24−/− mice (Table 1). The μCT scans of 2- to 3-month-old mice also revealed striking micrognathia and a reduction in the zig-zag appearance of the cranial sutures. The micrognathia may have been secondary to the zygomatic arch fractures, as the zygomatic arch was usually normal at 18 days of age, and the size and shape of the mandible were fairly normal (not shown).
μCT scans illustrating bony lesions in Zmpste24−/− mice. (a–c) Surface renderings of top, lateral, and bottom surfaces of the skulls of 8-week-old Zmpste24−/− and Zmpste24+/+ mice. Arrowheads indicate the destroyed zygomatic arch in a and c; an arrow indicates the small mandible in b. (d) Maximal intensity projection of the lateral view of the skulls of 8-week-old mice, revealing an increase in the length of the incisors and the size of other teeth. (e) Surface rendering of the thoracic spines of 8-week-old Zmpste24−/− and Zmpste24+/+ mice, revealing increased numbers of pock marks in the Zmpste24−/− mice. (f) Surface rendering of the femur, knee, tibia/fibula of 2-month-old Zmpste24−/− and Zmpste24+/+ mice, revealing increased pock marks in the proximal fibula of the Zmpste24−/− mouse as well as effacement of the tibial tuberosity.
Plasma and urine chemistries in Zmpste24−/− mice
The thoracic vertebrae of each Zmpste24−/− mouse had reduced bone density compared with Zmpste24+/+ controls. This was very obvious from the three-dimensional μCT reconstructions of the vertebral column (surface renderings generated at the same threshold), which showed the vertebral bodies from Zmpste24−/− mice (n = 4) to be more porous ("pock-marked") than those of Zmpste24+/+ controls (n = 5) (Fig. 3e). The pock-marked areas identify regions of bone with a density below the threshold level. The three-dimensional analysis of trabecular bone within the 12th vertebral body revealed that the ratio of bone volume to the total volume was reduced by 34% in the Zmpste24−/− mice (P = 0.04). The thickness of the trabeculae in the vertebrae was reduced by 36% (P = 0.02). An increase in pock marking of bone was also evident in the lower extremities (note the proximal fibula in the Zmpste24−/− mouse) (Fig. 3f). To quantify bone abnormalities in this predominantly cortical area, we calculated the ratio of bone volume in the tibia and fibula to total volume of those bones. This ratio was lower in Zmpste24−/− mice (0.54 ± 0.09) than in littermate Zmpste24+/+ mice (0.67 ± 0.03, P = 0.02), which means that even when the values are corrected for bone size, there is thinner cortical bone in the Zmpste24−/− mice. We suspect that there might be a bone abnormality in heterozygous mice as well. We performed μCT scans on two 15-month-old heterozygous Zmpste24 knockout mice (exhibiting alopecia and weight loss) and age-matched Zmpste24+/+ controls and identified degraded transverse and spinous processes in the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae of the heterozygotes (not shown).
The bone abnormalities in Zmpste24−/− mice were not accompanied by perturbations in the plasma levels of calcium or phosphate (Table 1). Zmpste24−/− mice did not manifest evidence of increased bone turnover. Zmpste24−/− mice had lower alkaline phosphatase levels. Urinary levels of deoxypyridinoline, a bone collagen breakdown product (21), were not different in Zmpste24−/− and Zmpste24+/+ mice. Also, bones from Zmpste24−/− and Zmpste24+/+ mice contained similar numbers of osteoclasts, as judged by staining for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (not shown).
Gait and Grip Abnormalities.
Zmpste24−/− mice also exhibited a slow hobbling gait, frequently dragging their hind limbs (Fig. 4). We suspect that the muscle weakness in the lower extremity contributed to the marked effacement of the anterior tibial tuberosity (the origin of the tibialis anterior muscle) (Fig. 3f). In addition, Zmpste24−/− mice (n = 11) were able to hang onto a grid after it was turned upside down for only a few seconds [males, 3.0 ± 1.5 s (n = 8); females, 4.5 ± 5.3 s (n = 6)], whereas littermate Zmpste24+/− and Zmpste24+/+ mice (n = 12 males; n = 13 females) were able to hold on almost indefinitely (>45 s). We examined muscles throughout the limbs and trunk of Zmpste24−/− mice. Despite exhaustive analysis of hematoxylin- and eosin-stained material, we identified no abnormalities in the skeletal muscle fibers of Zmpste24−/− mice (Fig. 5a). Further specialized neuromuscular studies are warranted to define the nature of the muscular defect in Zmpste24−/− mice.
Photograph of a Zmpste24−/− mouse, illustrating a characteristic dragging of the hind limb.
(a) Paravertebral muscles from 19-week-old male Zmpste24−/− and Zmpste24+/+ mice. (b) Sections through the hearts of 19-week-old male Zmpste24−/− and Zmpste24+/+ mice. (c) Sections through the skin of 15-week-old female Zmpste24−/− and Zmpste24+/+ mice, showing reduced adipose tissue in Zmpste24−/− mice.
Prelamin A Processing Defect.
The inability to hold onto a grid while upside down is identical to a phenotype in mice lacking prelamin A (22). Accordingly, we examined prelamin A processing in Zmpste24−/− fibroblasts and found clear-cut abnormalities. Western blots of Zmpste24−/− fibroblast extracts with an antibody against the C terminus of prelamin A revealed a striking accumulation of prelamin A (Fig. 6). Western blots with an antibody against the N terminus of lamin A revealed fully processed lamin A (72 kDa) in Zmpste24+/+ fibroblasts and a larger unprocessed prelamin A (74 kDa) in Zmpste24−/− fibroblasts (Fig. 6). These findings are identical to those in a very recent paper by Pendás et al. (12). We asked whether prelamin A might accumulate in fibroblasts lacking the CAAX methyltransferase Icmt (15) or the CAAX endoprotease Rce1 (14). Interestingly, prelamin A accumulated in Icmt−/− but not in Rce1−/− fibroblasts (Fig. 6). As predicted from earlier studies (10), a farnesyltransferase inhibitor blocked prelamin A processing (Fig. 6).
Western blots of Zmpste24−/−, Icmt−/−, and Rce1−/− fibroblast extracts with a C-terminal prelamin A antibody and an N-terminal lamin A/C antibody. Also shown are Western blots of extracts of wild-type fibroblasts and fibroblasts treated with 5 μM SCH66336, a farnesyltransferase inhibitor.
Given that CAAX endoproteolysis (i.e., removal of the −AAX) is required for carboxyl methylation by Icmt, we are forced to conclude that the release of the −AAX from prelamin A can proceed in the absence of Rce1. Because Ste24p can release the −AAX from a-factor, it seems reasonable to presume that Zmpste24 is capable of releasing the −AAX from prelamin A. The results with the Rce1−/− fibroblasts are intriguing because they are the first to suggest that a protease aside from Rce1 can remove the −AAX from a mammalian CAAX protein (6, 14, 23).
We do not yet know the precise role of Zmpste24 in prelamin A processing. An attractive possibility is that Zmpste24 carries out both prelamin A processing steps (the release of the −AAX and the release of the additional 15 residues), just as Ste24p has dual functions in a-factor biogenesis. On the other hand, it is possible that the only role of Zmpste24 is clipping the −AAX, allowing methylation to proceed. We do not yet know whether Rce1 retains the capacity to cleave the −AAX from prelamin A in Zmpste24+/+ cells. If Rce1 lacks that ability, one would be forced to consider the possibility that Zmpste24's only role in prelamin A processing is to release the −AAX, leaving the second proteolytic processing step to another enzyme. Consistent with the latter possibility are reports that the second prelamin A proteolytic processing step is carried out by a serine protease located in the cell nucleus (10, 24). [Zmpste24 is a zinc metalloproteinase, not a serine protease (1–3).] Additional biochemical and genetic studies over the next few years will undoubtedly define the precise role(s) of Zmpste24 in lamin A biogenesis.
The muscle weakness in Zmpste24−/− mice seems consistent with a defect in prelamin A processing (22, 25), but it is unclear whether the prelamin A processing defect lies at the root of the osteogenesis imperfecta-like phenotype. Osteogenesis imperfecta is an autosomal dominant syndrome generally caused by mutations in the type I procollagen genes. Most commonly, the procollagen mutations result in reduced amounts of type I procollagen secretion, but some mutations result in the secretion of a structurally abnormal procollagen (17). One possibility is that the prelamin A accumulation in the nuclear envelope of Zmpste24−/− mice indirectly affects the amount or quality of type I procollagen secretion, accounting for the bone phenotype in Zmpste24−/− mice. Somewhat against this possibility, although, is the fact that a heightened susceptibility to bone fractures has never been identified in humans with lamin A mutations. Another obvious possibility is that Zmpste24 has additional protein substrates and that defective processing of those additional substrates causes the bone abnormality. The fact that Zmpste24 might have additional substrates is not farfetched, as Zmpste24 orthologs clearly exist in organisms that lack type A nuclear lamins (e.g., yeast and nematodes). Also, STE24 mutations in yeast reverse the topological orientation of certain membrane proteins (7), and the stability of several misfolded proteins retained in the endoplasmic reticulum is enhanced in ste24Δ yeast (S.M. and Claude Jakob, unpublished observations). Both of the latter observations suggest that Ste24p could be required, directly or indirectly, in the recognition and removal of misfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum. If Zmpste24 deficiency in mice were to interfere with the recognition and/or degradation of misfolded type I procollagen molecules, it is easy to imagine how an osteogenesis imperfecta-like syndrome might occur.
Comparisons with a Second Line of Zmpste24−/− Mice.
Very recently, Pendás et al. (12) characterized a second line of Zmpste24−/− mice. A large number of similarities (abnormal growth curves, early death, loss of fur, kyphosis, abnormal gait, muscle weakness, normal or low plasma glucose levels, and abnormal prelamin A processing) indicate that our Zmpste24−/− mice and theirs are fundamentally the same. However, there were some differences in our reports. Pendás et al. (12) claimed that their mice exhibited a "growth plate dysplasia" in the femur and tibia, although they did not show data. The growth plates of the femur and tibia in our mice were normal. They did not uncover a bone fracture phenotype, which can easily be overlooked unless one specifically looks for it. They reported that heterozygotes were healthy, whereas we found that older heterozygotes lose weight and develop alopecia. They also reported that their mice had a lamin A-related cardiomyopathy with thinning of the ventricles and secondary liver disease. Over the past 3 years, we have looked assiduously for heart or liver pathology over the life span of Zmpste24−/− mice, but have found none. Our Zmpste24−/− mice did not have ventricular thinning (Fig. 5b) nor did they have myocardial fibrosis as assessed by trichrome staining (not shown). Also, the plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were not elevated in our Zmpste24−/− mice (Table 1). Finally, they found reduced adipose tissue in Zmpste24−/− mice and concluded that they had a lamin A-related partial lipodystrophy. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was invariably reduced in our Zmpste24−/− but was always detectable, even in old and debilitated mice (Fig. 5c). It is possible that Zmpste24−/− mice do have a lamin A-related partial lipodystrophy, but in view of the low-normal glucose levels in our mice (Table 1) and the normal or low glucose and triglyceride levels in their mice, we suspect that the reduced fat stores may have had more to do with starvation secondary to the bone abnormalities (i.e., complete destruction of the zygomatic arch and other bone fractures limiting access to food).
We thank M. Sinensky for advice, R. Bishop (Schering–Plough, Kenilworth, NJ) for SCH66336, and S. Bergö for assistance with statistics. This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grants HL41633 and AG15451 (to S.G.Y.) and GM41223 (to S.M.), by grants from the University of California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (to M.O.B. and S.G.Y.), and by the Swedish Cancer Foundation (to M.O.B.).
↵‡ To whom reprint requests should be addressed. E-mail: mbergo{at}gladstone.ucsf.edu.
μCT,
microcomputed tomography
Accepted August 1, 2002.
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You are going to email the following Zmpste24 deficiency in mice causes spontaneous bone fractures, muscle weakness, and a prelamin A processing defect
Martin O. Bergo, Bryant Gavino, Jed Ross, Walter K. Schmidt, Christine Hong, Lonnie V. Kendall, Andreas Mohr, Margarita Meta, Harry Genant, Yebin Jiang, Erik R. Wisner, Nicholas van Bruggen, Richard A. D. Carano, Susan Michaelis, Stephen M. Griffey, Stephen G. Young
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Oct 2002, 99 (20) 13049-13054; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.192460799


The report does not aim to present an exhaustive analysis of the whole agenda discussed at SBI 2, but rather to point out relevant aspects of key agenda items that relate to the work of civil society and that could help in the advocacy work of the organizations and networks interested in the CBD process. The report also presents references for material that could be useful to understand the negotiation process. If you wish to know more details about any agenda item not addressed in this report, please feel free to contact the coordination of the CBD Alliance in order to receive more information.
The Second Meeting of the Subsidiary Body on Implementation (SBI 2) 1 took place right after SBSTTA 22 in Montreal from July 9 to 13. With 20 items on agenda, the use of time represented a great challenge specially for the Chair of the meeting Mr. Francis Ogwal (Uganda) but could also represent a risk for civil society since our time for interventions could be restricted or even phased out completely. Thanks to past experiences and the constant efforts of the CBDA, civil society is provided with some time at the end of each session to say a statement which can provide arguments to like minded parties, allow us to express concern and put pressure, and suggest specific text recommendations. However, and specially for the latter, it is important that parties are asked by the Chair if they wished to support any intervention. If they do so, the inputs provided have greater chances to be incorporated into the negotiating text. It was our fear that with such a packed agenda, this time would be phased out leaving us with no intervention and with no support for our inputs. In order to prevent this, the CBDA requested a meeting with SBI Chair and the Secretariat to address this problem which was beneficial as they were reminded of the importance of this time for us and took it into consideration for their use of the time in plenary. Thanks to this, we had enough space during all the plenaries of the SBI meeting to present interventions.


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Home » Archive » 'For Colored Girls' satisfies Perry fans and detractors
Posted inA & E-AN, Imported
'For Colored Girls' satisfies Perry fans and detractors
Madea does not appear in Tyler Perry's latest offering, "For Colored Girls."
Fans of Ntozake Shange's classic choreopoem were worried that "For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow is Enuf" would be adapted into a melodramatic farce in the same vein as Perry's other lighthearted movies, which featured the outspoken, gun-toting matriarch, have no fear. There are no cross-dressing grandmothers in this film.
The stellar ensemble cast, featuring the likes of Whoopi Goldberg, Janet Jackson, Loretta Devine, Kimberly Elise, Thandie Newton, Phylicia Rashad, Anika Noni Rose, Tessa Thompson, Kerry Washington and Macy Gray, give life to the ladies created by Shange.
In adapting Shange's work for the film, Perry gives the ladies names as opposed to just colors and he creates story arcs by having the women's lives intersect at different points. Some characters are neighbors, others work together and others literally bump into each other.
These crisscrossing storylines give the movie an abstract, art house kind of feel at times, but they are also the point at which moviegoers will find the most Perry-esque touches. As his other films might indicate, Perry has a flair for the dramatic, and "For Colored Girls" is no different in that respect.
Shange gives the ladies depth with her words and Perry fills in the narrative blanks, so to speak, to further explain those depths and provide context for how the women meet each other. There are extremes that will make some audience members roll their eyes and make others gasp, cry and laugh as intended.
All of the women in the film give praiseworthy performances, but Gray, Devine and Rose in particular give depth and life to their characters.
Shange's carefully crafted words resonate throughout the film. The women incorporate her poetry into the dialogue beautifully, which makes for abrupt shifts when Perry's words are added. Even for audience members who have not read Shange's work, where Shange's words end and Perry's words begin is very apparent and it momentarily rattles the audience out of magical moments when one gets lost in the film.
But even with some splashes of melodrama and the rough seams between Shange and Perry's words, "For Colored Girls" is a movie worth seeing. The cast is impeccable and it's refreshing to see Perry step outside of his Madea franchise. Fans of his films will still find a few familiar Perry touches, and those who are not fans of Perry's other work can rest easy knowing that "For Colored Girls" is quite a departure from his usual offerings.
"For Colored Girls" opens nationwide November 5.
Perry and ensemble cast introduce 'For Colored Girls'
In "A & E-AN"
Remembering Ntozake Shange
Playwright Ntozake Shange passes at 70
In "Religion"


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5 Things To Know About Karenjeet Kaur Bains
admin November 7, 2022 in SPORTS-NEWS - 6 Minutes
Karenjeet Kaur Bains is one of the most recognizable faces in Canadian news. As a former CBC journalist, she has been a part of some of the biggest news stories in recent memory. But what do we really know about her? In this blog post, we will explore five things you may not know about Karenjeet Kaur Bains. From her early life to her career highlights, read on to learn more about this incredible woman.
Karenjeet Kaur Bains is a Canadian YouTuber and Instagrammer
Karenjeet Kaur Bains is known for her fashion and beauty tips
Karenjeet Kaur Bains is also known for her DIY videos
Karenjeet Kaur Bains has over 1 million subscribers on YouTube
Karenjeet Kaur Bains is also an author
Karenjeet Kaur Bains is a Canadian Sikh woman
She is a lawyer and has worked as a Crown prosecutor
Karenjeet Kaur Bains is a Canadian YouTuber and Instagrammer who has gained a large following for her fashion, beauty, and lifestyle videos. She has over 1 million subscribers on YouTube and over 2 million followers on Instagram.
Bains was born in Toronto, Canada, and attended York University where she studied marketing and communications. After graduating, she began working in the fashion industry but soon realized that she wanted to pursue her passion for social media and content creation. She quit her job and started posting videos on YouTube full-time.
Since then, Bains has built up a large following thanks to her relatable and down-to-earth personality. She often collaborates with other influencers and brands and has even launched her own line of cosmetics with Colourpop Cosmetics.
If you're looking for some fun, fashion, and beauty inspiration, be sure to check out Karenjeet Kaur Bains on YouTube and Instagram!
Karenjeet Kaur Bains is known for her fashion and beauty tips. She often posts videos and photos on her blog and social media accounts, sharing her latest looks and products.
Karenjeet has a unique style that combines classic pieces with modern trends. She is not afraid to experiment with new styles and loves to mix and match different pieces to create her own look.
Karenjeet's beauty routine is simple but effective. She sticks to a few key products that she knows work for her skin type and regularly updates her skincare routine as new products become available.
If you're looking for some fashion or beauty inspiration, be sure to check out Karenjeet's blog and social media accounts.
In addition to being a successful YouTuber, Karenjeet Kaur Bains is also known for her DIY videos. She has a popular series on her channel called "Karen's Korner" where she gives tips and tricks for everything from home improvement to style.
Karen's Korner is a great resource for anyone looking to improve their home on a budget. In each video, Karen goes over the materials you'll need and walks you through the steps to complete the project. Her videos are easy to follow and provide helpful tips that can save you time and money.
If you're looking for style inspiration, Karenjeet Kaur Bains is also the person to watch. She has a unique sense of style that combines classic pieces with modern trends. Her fashion videos are fun and informative, and she always includes links to where you can find the items she's wearing.
Karenjeet Kaur Bains is a YouTuber with over 1 million subscribers. She originally started her channel as a way to connect with other Sikhs and share her faith but has since expanded her content to include vlogs, challenges, and more.
Bains is known for her bubbly personality and her willingness to try new things. She's also been praised for her fashion sense and beauty tips. Her videos are often supportive of body positivity and self-love.
In addition to YouTube, Bains is also active on Instagram and Snapchat. She often uses these platforms to give sneak peeks of upcoming videos or to share behind-the-scenes moments.
If you're looking for someone to brighten up your day, Karenjeet Kaur Bains is the perfect person to follow. With her infectious smile and positive attitude, she'll definitely leave you feeling happy and inspired.
Karenjeet Kaur Bains is not only an actress but also an author. She has written two books, "The First Time I Met You" and "Second Chance". Both books are based on her personal experiences and offer advice to others who may be facing similar situations.
Karenjeet Kaur Bains' writing style is honest and direct, with a touch of humor. Her goal is to help her readers feel better about themselves and their lives. In her books, she shares her own struggles and how she overcame them. She also provides tips on how to deal with difficult situations.
If you're looking for an inspiring read or some practical advice, then Karenjeet Kaur Bains' books are definitely worth checking out.
Karenjeet Kaur Bains is a Canadian Sikh woman who was born in India and moved to Canada with her family at the age of five. She grew up in Brampton, Ontario, and graduated from the University of Toronto with a degree in psychology. After working in the mental health field for several years, she decided to pursue her passion for writing and filmmaking.
Her first short film, "I Am Not a Terrorist," won the Best Documentary Short Film award at the 2016 Vancouver International Sikh Film Festival. The film explores the experiences of Sikh youth in Canada who are often mistaken for being Muslim because of their turbans and beards.
Bains is also an accomplished writer.
This is a significant achievement not only for Bains herself but also for the Sikh community in Canada. For many Sikhs, wearing a turban is an important part of their religious identity. However, Sikhs have often been subjected to discrimination and racism, both in Canada and around the world.
Bains' election is a sign that times are changing and that Sikhs are gradually gaining acceptance in mainstream society. It is also an inspiration for other Sikh women who may be considering a career in politics.
Karenjeet Kaur Bains is a lawyer who has worked as a Crown prosecutor. She has also served as a legal advisor to the government of Ontario. In addition to her work as a lawyer, she is also a mother and wife.
She ran on a platform of increasing transparency and accountability in the district and has been a vocal advocate for students and parents during her time on the board.
She was born and raised in Brampton and is a product of the public school system herself.
During her time on the board, she has worked to increase communication between the board and the community and has been a strong voice for parents and students.
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Q: autohotkey - Trying to delete random items in Listbox I'm trying a parsing loop, this works good except I can't delete the first item in the list. Probably something to do with the backtick n. Can't figure it out yet!
Update - OK, needed to duplicate the StringReplace line without a backtick n, so as to get the first item in the list.
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Today, Gov. John Bel Edwards and Jake Steinfeld, Chairman of the National Foundation for Governors' Fitness Councils, announced that three of Louisiana's elementary schools have been selected to each receive a Don't Quit! Fitness Center. The multi-million dollar physical fitness campaign has named Park Elementary School in Baton Rouge, Luling Elementary School in Luling and Valverda Elementary School in Maringouin the state's most outstanding schools for demonstrating leadership in getting and keeping their students fit.
The National Foundation for Governors' Fitness Councils program will make its way into all 50 states in the coming years. Each fitness center is financed through public/private partnerships with companies like The Coca-Cola Company, Anthem Foundation and Nike, and does not rely on taxpayer dollars or state funding. TuffStuff Fitness International provides all of the fitness equipment, which is manufactured right here in the United States. The Foundation's goal is to build a nation of the fittest, healthiest kids in the world.
These state-of-the-art DON'T QUIT! Fitness Centers will be unveiled during ribbon cutting ceremonies this fall.
The National Foundation for Governors' Fitness Councils (NFGFC) seeks to encourage and reward innovation in the field of youth fitness by awarding fitness centers to schools that use new and unique methods to promote student physical activity and wellness. The NFGFC envisions a fitness center in every school in the U.S., helping to build a nation that—through innovation and a "DON'T QUIT!" attitude—boasts the fittest kids in the world. Since 2012, the NFGFC has delivered fitness centers in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Washington D.C., Georgia, New Jersey, Delaware, West Virginia, California, New Mexico, Connecticut, Virginia, Illinois, Arkansas, Florida, Texas, Ohio, Washington, Wisconsin and Arizona. In 2017, new fitness centers will be delivered in Oregon, Louisiana, Maryland, and Colorado.


Pushing yourself in the gym to be the best you can be is never easy, but this belt has the support you need to make those gains. Choosing the right size and style belt can be tricky, but custom ordering one can make the process much easier. Talk with me about your lifting style and preferences and I will work to make sure you get the perfect size and style belt for your heavy gym days.
Made from your choice of English bridle, or harness leather, these belts will stand out and handle whatever you throw at them. Sourced from the renowned Wickett & Craig Tannery in Pennsylvania, these top shelf leathers have a firm temper that provides strong back support and will break-in over time to fit your body exactly. The standard option for these belts is 10mm thick, providing plenty of support for the typical gym-goer, but can be made thicker or thinner to suit your preferences. Modifications can be made for olympic style lifting or shorter torsos--anything to make sure it fits just right. Hand sewn for additional durability, you can be sure you're getting your last lifting belt.
Lifting belts are made to be worn tightly around the mid-section, more or less centered around the belly button, not loosely around the hips. This ensures proper core support and stability that will help perform the movements. In order to create the best fit, I will be asking you for the measurement around your midsection.
If you know, what is the measurement of your midsection, around the line of your belly button?