What does every case mean?
Nouns and adjectives ending in "a"
Nouns and adjectives ending in "ā"
Go to the list of "Terminations (Declension)"
Hi, Gabriel Pradīpaka again. We will start studying Szanszkrit declension now. It is a very important subject. Before placing a noun, adjective, pronoun or numeral in the sentence, you will have to decline it in order to insert the appropriate gender, number and case. Gender may be masculine, feminine or neuter. Number may be singular, plural or "dual". And there are 8 cases: Nominative (Nom.), Vocative (Voc.), Accusative (Acc.), Instrumental (Ins.), Dative (Dat.), Ablative (Ab.), Genitive (Gen.) and Locative (Loc.).
And now the sentence is properly structured. Of course, every vowel termination has its own set of endings. However, there is a kind of "pattern case endings", which I will use when I explain the "Mechanics of declension" to you.
As you can see, to decline is simply to alter the last part of a noun, adjective, pronoun or numeral in their crude form (prātipadika) so that a gender, number and case is given to them. In short, you must "inflect" them. Obviously, if a noun, adjective, pronoun or numeral has no gender, number and case, it cannot enter the sentence.
As a gift, you have also a document with many examples and another one with a list of terminations so that you may fully understand Szanszkrit declension.
A final advise: Go deep into the Sandhi rules in order to fully understand the declensions and the rest. Also, have always a printed copy of all Rules of Sandhi at hand.
I will explain this subject to you completely. You must understand the meaning of every case, not only to be able to decline properly, but to use declension in a proper manner. If you do not understand how to utilize every case, you will never can build up a sentence in Szanszkrit.
1) NOMINATIVE CASE: It indicates the Subject. The Subject is both he who is doing the action denoted by the verb and who is described by the rest of the sentence.
Śiva (śivaḥ) is (bhavati) love (prema) --the Subject "Śiva" is being described in this sentence. Note that I had to add Visarga to the prātipadika or crude form "Śiva" so that the word be properly declined in the Nominative case--.
Śiva (śivaḥ) does (karoti) everything (sarvam) --the Subject "Śiva" is doing the action denoted by the verb.
2) VOCATIVE CASE: It indicates Direct Address. It may be optionally accompanied by such words as "he-- O". If not so, the interjections "O" or "Eh" are already included in the Vocative case itself.
O (he) Śiva (śiva) protect (pāhi) me (me)! --The "he" is optional. Note that the Vocative case "Śiva" coincides with the crude form or prātipadika "Śiva". Although this is true for nouns ending in "a", is not always true for all nouns, because sometimes the Vocative case coincides with the Nominative case and, at other cases, it differs from both the crude form and the Nominative--.
O Śiva (śiva) protect (pāhi) me (me) --Note that the "O" is included in the Vocative case itself.
Eh Puṣpadanta (puṣpadanta) be pleased (arhasi) to sing (gātum) --Note that "Eh" is also indicated by the Vocative case--.
3) ACCUSATIVE CASE: It indicates the Direct Object. The Direct Object is that to which the action denoted by the verb is being directed.
He/she/it would obtain (āpnuyāt) Śiva (śivam) --"Śivam" is the proper declension for "Śiva" in the Accusative case--.
4) INSTRUMENTAL CASE: It indicates the Instrument. When you use this case you are "usually" indicating "by, through, by means of, with, along with, together with, etc.".
The universe (viśvam) has been made (kṛtam) by Śiva (śivena) --"Śiva" is the instrument or means by which the entire universe has been made. Note that "ena" in "Śivena" is respectively substituted for the final "a" in "Śiva". In short, you remove "a" and place "ena" instead. Of course, this rule is only valid for nouns and adjectives ending in "a"--.
I go (gacchāmi) to the woods (vanam) along with Puṣpadanta (puṣpadantena) --And now, the Intrumental case gives a sense of company--.
5) DATIVE CASE: It indicates the Indirect Object. In English the Indirect Object is the word coming after "for" or "to" or "for the sake of", etc.
He (saḥ) offers (dadāti) a flower (puṣpam) to Śiva (śivāya) --"Śivāya" is the Indirect Object and "puṣpam" is the Direct Object. In sum, you may see two words being declined: one in Dative case and the other in Accusative case--.
6) ABLATIVE CASE: It indicates the Source. When you use this case you are "usually" indicating "from, on account of, since, because of, due to, owing to, etc.".
The (divine) favour or grace (anugrahaḥ) comes (āgacchati) from Śiva (śivāt) --"Śivāt" is the Ablative case of "Śiva". You may also see that I have used some rules of Sandhi to combine the words. But just pay attention to the cases--.
7) GENITIVE CASE: It indicates Sense of Belonging. When you use this case you are "usually" indicating "of, 's, s', etc.".
The mountain (giriḥ) of Śiva (śivasya) --"Śivasya" is the Genitive case of "Śiva". Apart from this, sometimes the Genitive may be used in place of the Dative case (e.g. the sentence "Hitaṁ śivasya" cannot be translated into "Good of Śiva". It does not make any sense. Not at all. In this case, the Genitive must be taken for Dative. So, the proper translation is "Good for Śiva". It is very simple. Still, the Genitive has "usually" to do with a sense of ownership.)--.
8) LOCATIVE CASE: It indicates the Location. When you use this case you are "usually" indicating "in, on, at, etc.".
Everything (sarvam) exists (vartate) in Śiva (śive) --"Śive" is the Locative case of "Śiva". However, sometimes the Locative case may be used in place of the Accusative (e.g. "Śive dattam" is not to be translated as "Given in Śiva" It does not make any sense. Not at all. In this case the Locative must be taken for Accusative. So, the proper translation is "Given to Śiva". Still, the Locative has "usually" to do with a sense of location.)--.
This is a mere introduction to the subject "Cases". We will go deeper into it when studying Szanszkrit syntax (Syntax section).
You may see that if the "a" is the final vowel, so the noun or adjective is masculine or neuter. In turn, if it ends in "ā", is masculine or feminine. And a noun or adjective ending in "i, u or ṛ" may be masculine, feminine or neuter. Finally, those that end in "ī or ū" are feminine. All this is true in respect of the "crude forms" or prātipadika-s of the nouns and adjectives. Of course, if you take the declined form there will be surely incoherence. For example: "ātmā" --"self"-- ends in "ā" but it is not a prātipadika or crude form but a noun declined in Nominative case. The proper prātipadika is "ātman" (a noun ending in "an").
Thus, you must use the prātipadika or crude form to classify a noun or adjective. In a Szanszkrit dictionary you find fundamentally prātipadika-s (of course, other cases are also given in order to furnish the reader with more information).
Remember that a noun or adjective ending in a vowel may have just one gender or several genders too. It may be either only masculine, or both masculine and neuter, and so on.
I will use the pattern case endings given above to explain the mechanics of declension to you. Remember that this set of endings is a "general" one and is not always to be applied. Nevertheless, the set of pattern case endings holds good only in the last five cases (Instrumental, Dative, Ablative, Genitive and Locative) in Dual and Plural when you use it with nouns ending in "i" and "u". Therefore, I will explain the mechanics of declension by using nouns ending in "i" and "u".
Let us take the following noun: "śakti" (fem.), which means "power".
Just a little comment: Even though everything has been very simple, you should be acquainted with some Sandhi Rules before studying Declension. Go to Combination (Parts 1, 2, 3, etc.) every time you need it.
Of course, in "real" world the vowel ("i" in this case) is already included in the set of terminations, and you have merely to replace that final vowel with the respective ending so that you do not have to separate the final vowel from the crude form or Prātipadika, add to termination and then join everything together again. Got it? You will grasp what I meant while studying the next topic. Nonetheless, it is very useful to understand what is the "standard" procedure to properly decline a noun or adjective.
ENDINGS FOR MASCULINE NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES ENDING IN "A"
ENDINGS FOR NEUTER NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES ENDING IN "A"
O Śiva! / Eh Śiva! O both of Śiva-s! / Eh both of Śiva-s! O Śiva-s! / Eh Śiva-s!
O posture/seat! O both of postures/seats! O postures/seats!
cakra + āni = cakrāṇi (the change occurs because a vowel comes between "r" in "cakra" and "n" in "āni"). The word "cakra" means "wheel, group, etc.".
gṛha + āni = gṛhāṇi (the change occurs because "h" and a vowel comes between "ṛ" in "gṛha" and "n" in "āni"). The word "gṛha" means "house".
hṛdaya + āni = hṛdayāni (no change occurs because the dental "d" comes between "ṛ" in "hṛdaya" and "n" in "āni"). Since "d" is neither a vowel nor a "y", "r" or "v" (all semivowels except "l") nor a nasal nor a guttural nor a labial nor "h", "āni" will remain the same.
It was very simple, wasn't it?
1) As far as those having a root as the latter member is concerned, the final "ā" is to be dropped before the terminations only from the Accusative (pl.) case on.
2) But, if the latter member is not a root, that "ā" is not dropped, "except in dual number!" Thus, you will find that Accusative (pl.), Dative (sing.), Ablative (sing.), Genitive (sing.) and Locative (sing.) have been changed in accordance with the 2nd and 3rd Primary Rules of Vowel Sandhi. In other words, you have to combine that "ā" not being dropped with the respective termination of the abovementioned cases: ā + aḥ = āḥ (Accusative pl.); ā + e = ai (Dative sing.); ā + aḥ = āḥ (Ablative sing.); ā + aḥ = āḥ (Genitive sing.) and ā + i = e (Locative sing.). Thank God this kind of nouns and adjectives are rarely seen. I am giving you an example of one ("Hāhā", the name of a Gandharva or Heavenly Musician) here.
ENDINGS FOR MASCULINE NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES ENDING IN "Ā"
ENDINGS FOR FEMININE NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES ENDING IN "Ā"
Eh Protector of the world! Oh both of Protectors of the world! / Eh both of Protectors of the world! Oh Protectors of the world!
the Protector of the world By/through/along with/etc.
the two Protectors of the world By/through/along with/etc.
the Protector of the world From/on account of/etc.
the two Protectors of the world From/on account of/etc.
O Umā! / Eh Umā! O both of Umā-s! / Eh both of Umā-s! O Umā-s! / Eh Umā-s!
By/through/along with/etc. Umā By/through/along with/etc.
the two Umā-s By/through/along with/etc.
From/on account of/etc. Umā From/on account of/etc.
the two Umā-s From/on account of/etc.
It has been a simple job this time. The same mechanics of declension is to be followed when you face other noun or adjective terminations, no matter how strange the ending may be. Next document I will keep teaching you how to decline properly. In sum, you will find more tables with endings and many examples of course.
Ezt a dokumentumot Gabriel Pradīpaka, a website egyik társalapítója készítette, aki spirituális guru és aki a Szanszkrit nyelv és a Trika filozófiai rendszerben jártas.
Szanszkrit, Yoga és indiai filozófiával kapcsolatosan, vagy ha csupán hozzászólni, kérdezni szeretnél, esetleg hibára felhívni a figyelmet, bátran lépj kapcsolatba velünk: Ez az e-mail címünk.


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Dekla Tessera is een tessera op de planeet Venus. Dekla Tessera werd in 1985 genoemd naar Dēkla, Letse godin van het lot.

De tessera heeft een diameter van 1363 kilometer en bevindt zich in het quadrangle Meskhent Tessera (V-3).

Zie ook
 Tessera (Venus)

Tessera op Venus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Man, 33, critically wounded in Park Manor shooting
By David Struett@dstru312 Jun 18, 2018, 5:44am CDT
Share All sharing options for: Man, 33, critically wounded in Park Manor shooting
A 33-year-old man was shot early Monday in the Park Manor neighborhood on the South Side.
About 2:30 a.m., the man was arguing with someone about money in the 7400 block of South Perry Avenue, according to Chicago Police. The other person pulled out a weapon and shot the man in his chest.
He was taken to University of Chicago Medical Center in critical condition, police said.
Area South detectives were investigating the shooting.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


After an oddly muted competition last year, Chile returned with some style this year. We had wines from pretty much every region of the country, and all seemed to find favour with the judges.
Chile's strength remains the sub-£10 area, which it still seems to do far better than anyone else; very few of our medals were above this price level. It's not that our tasters are inherently averse to rewarding Chilean wines at this price, but more that the wines often don't deliver significantly more complexity – just more oak, gloopier fruit and a heavier bottle.
All our judges agreed that the country has a real role to play on a list: that of a refuge for the uncertain, the impecunious or the fruit-addicted. The question is (as it seems to have been for ever) whether the country can move beyond this and start creating more genuinely exciting Cabs around the £12-£15 mark.
'Good earthy development on the nose, with good expression of terroir on the palate and a medium-length finish,' said Harry Crowther of M Restaurants, while team leader Natasha Hughes MW found 'some dark cocoa and mint on an oak-dominated palate'.
'Fruitcake and vanilla aromas with cedar wood notes, fairly tannic on the palate with fresh, pulpy berry fruits and notes of coffee and spearmint,' said consultant Luciana Girotto-Beckett. 'The ripe cassis fruit and soft tannins makes this a good choice by the glass,' said Gustavo Medina of Tate Britain.
This was a 'fruit bomb' for Cafe Murano's Mark Gurney, while team leader Tom Forrest found 'jammy red fruits and light spice notes on the nose, soft juicy fruit and clove hints on the palate, with plenty of sweetness'.
'Very inviting on the nose, well structured with generous fruit on the palate. Ripe and uncomplicated, but pleasant on the finish,' said Bart Michalewicz of The Arts Club, while team leader Laurent Richet MS also found 'vanilla, welcoming black fruit jam and cocoa notes'.
'Rich style with dark fruits and greener, leafy notes, full bodied on the palate, with some complexity and a long finish, at an excellent price,' said Erik Simonics of The Savoy.
'Very dark nose, with very rich and dark fruits echoing on the palate. Great structure,' said Bart Michalewicz of The Arts Club. 'Restrained and peppery, with lovely poise,' added Chris Wood of Chelsea Vintners.
'Savoury, smoky, fruit-forward style,' began Mark Gurney of Cafe Murano, while team leader Tom Forrest noted 'dusty sandalwood spice and black fruit, with nice, sweet ripe fruits on the palate, and not too jammy'.
A richer, open style that's juicy big and rounded. Team leader Simon Woods noted: 'Gentle, ripe, not overdone style, with fleshy fruit propped up by decent structure on the palate,' and Bar 44's Owen Morgan picked up 'spice, cinnamon, clove and nutmeg'.
'Cinnamon spice with jammy red fruits on the nose, soft and squashy fruit palate and very soft on the finish, which has decent length,' said team leader Tom Forrest. 'Great for pubs!' added Mark Gurney of Cafe Murano.
'Solid, fruity, classic herby style, with notes of blackcurrant and blackberry, good and honest,' said team leader Simon Woods, while consultant Luciana Girotto-Beckett also found notes of 'concentrated fruit, spices and liquorice'.
'Lovely, pure cassis fruit on the nose with taut tannins on the palate. This is very young and needs decanting, but it shows good complexity,' said team leader Natasha Hughes MW.
'Juicy smoked peppers and juicy plums on the nose, an easy-drinker with supple tannins,' said team leader Natasha Hughes MW.
'Shy and subdued on the nose, but well made, with blackcurrant fruit aromas followed by spicy chocolate richness on the palate, plummy fruit and a refreshing structure,' said Matthieu Longuère MS of Le Cordon Bleu.
'Deep, dense, earthy tobacco on the nose, ripe and plush berry fruit on the palate, with damson and chocolate richness,' said team leader Simon Woods.


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Home > Middle East News
Iranians to Take Part in Annual Mecca Pilgrimage Despite Tensions With Saudis
Iran boycotted the 2016 hajj after a stampede and crush of pilgrims the previous year killed at least 2,426 people
A Muslim worshipper prays during on the 27t.Amr Nabil/AP
Iran will allow its citizens to take part in this year's hajj pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina despite soaring tensions with archrival Saudi Arabia.
Qatar crisis: Saudi Arabia, Gulf allies grant Qatar two more days to accept list of demands
How the Middle East is letting Saudi Arabia impose its ground rules
Domestic discord rocks Iran, but its regional status is unaffected
In bid to prevent repeat of fatal crush, Saudi Arabia steps up hajj preparedness
Iran's semi-official ISNA news agency on Wednesday quotes a representative of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ai Khamenei as saying the decision was approved last month by the National Security Council. The representative, Ali Qaziaskar, says "there is no doubt... pilgrims will participate in the ceremony magnificently."
Iran boycotted the 2016 hajj after a stampede and crush of pilgrims the previous year killed at least 2,426 people. Iran had the highest death toll of any country, with 464 killed.
Millions of Muslims from across the world take part in the annual hajj pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina, in Saudi Arabia.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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A Touch of Evil : Dark Gothic
SKU: 13990 Categories: Board Games, Card Games
A Touch of Evil: Dark Gothic is a deck-building game set in Flying Frog's A Touch of Evil game series.
Each player represents a particular monster-hunting hero in the game, and that hero determines the player's starting deck and grants a special ability. The heroes work together to some degree to defeat villains and monsters as they collectively lose the game if ten cards land in the shadows during play. That said, the game has only a single winner – the player who has the most investigation points at the end of the game. (Villains come in three levels of difficulty, and at the start of the game, you create a villain stack with one card of each difficulty level being chosen at random.)
The game uses three currencies – combat (red), cunning (green) and spirit (blue) – with some cards having a silver cost that can be paid with any currency. Players can acquire cards from a row of six that are available from the main deck or from piles of cards that are always available. If you fight the "Hungry Dead" – an always available card that costs one of each color – you can remove a card from your deck or from the central row.
"Dark Secrets" are a special type of card that get added to your deck through various means. The card is worth negative points at the end of the game, but should you draw it during play, you remove it from the game, then draw a "Shocking Discovery" – which will affect you or all players with some kind of pernicious effect.
Standalone Deck Building Game
Age range: 12 and up / Number of players: 2 to 6 / Play time: 60 to 120 minutes
Manufacturer: Flying Frog Productions
Struggle for Catan
Love Letter – Card Game
Arkham Horror: The Card Game – The Innsmouth Conspiracy Deluxe Expansion
Arkham Horror: The Card Game – Revised Edition


IP Network Systems provide IP CCTV Systems and Storage. We specialise and are certified installers of the Mobotix product range.
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Click Above to Buy	 Annabelle Conroy is on the run after conning casino owner Jerry Bagger out of 40 million. Oliver Stone's Camel Club, Reuben, Milton and Caleb, try to protect her, but Stone has his own problems. Security expert Harry Finn has already killed three of Stone's former associates and has his sights on Stone. A surprising and shocking finale.


The Cover of my comic 'Broken Down', featuring Fluro, Novajack, Chicken Run, Enderwings, Light, Friction, Fallen Sanity and two...others... Click for a bigger description!
As we all know, fetish art on dA is quite rampant, and many don't tag NSFW.
If you're like me, and would rather not have that on your front page, I have a growing list of users to block. Figured this might be useful to some other people too.
It's not perfect, and far from complete, but I'll keep updating it as time goes on and more users pop up on the front page.
1. Go to the link above.
3. On deviantArt, hover over your username at the top, go to Settings.
4. In Settings, go to 'General'.
StormClawPonyRises has started a donation pool!
Need points for Core Membership and to get cool new programs for music, art and programming for My and many of my friends' game! Plus, if you donate, you get featured on my deviantID. Cool huh?
I love Pokemon, My Little Pony and countless other things, like Star Trek, Star Wars, Doctor Who, Firefly (I'm clearly a Sci-Fi nerd), Warrior Cats, How I Met Your Mother, etc.
I am open to art trades, are usually available to commission and I give gifts but only to mutual friends or people I admire.
Feel free to tag me for Memes or Raffles or whatever. I might not do them, but if you need to tag someone, I don't mind!
Please excuse me if I take a while to reply/give short replies/give vague messages, I'm not very confident socially and sometimes don't know how to speak to people, even online! I try my best though, and I'm usually quite friendly. I don't want to appear hostile.
Keep in mind however if you happen to favourite all the art of Light that I have because of some form of pregnancy or vore fetish I'm gonna block you. I'll check your favourites. If your profile is clean and you don't favourite everything to do with that stuff you see then its cool bro but if you have a ton of that stuff I'm going to feel pretty uncomfortable and block you. I don't want people reading my comic/favouriting my art simply because of Light having a round belly. It's gross and unfair.
My MLP:FIM game code if you wanna add me is f48834.
If you love Pokemon, MLP, Undertale, References, Comics and/or Doctor Who, this is the place for you! I'm writing a MLPxDoctor Who comic with references to many other shows, movies and games, my friend and I are making a game, and I'm currently working on my first ever animation! Feel free to look around!
"They're all dead now. Why not convince everyone else I am too?"
Just some more work : ) It's on another planet, hence the odd background. The grass is a rusty colour, and during each equinox, the planet's primary ring system pass between the planet and the sun, causing a sort of eclipse at the equator. Often festivals occur at this time.
With the burning of the Halfway-Point, of which Ash helped lead the attack, many of the cats who had been trapped down there for six months had little way of escape. But Ash didn't exactly *want* to burn down the underground settlement and all the cats within, so she opted to help them in secret instead.
This took me a while! Not so sure about the shading, but I think it looks okay : )) I'm still learning!
Please don't repost, steal, trace or copy without my permission thanks!
For Marvel Heroes MAP, as one of the credit art pieces!
Feb 10, 2019 I love you the most!!!
Oct 10, 2018 Awesome FT PMV!!
May 11, 2018 [OPEN] Requests!!
May 6, 2018 Raffle (Not Mine) !!!
Feb 28, 2018 Check this pretty little group out!
Dec 9, 2017 !!!Commission Journal WOOO!!!
Hi there, my name is Blackrose and I want to tell you I enjoy your work, along with your comics, there really good and I thought that we can create an oc.


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The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is informing the research community about permissible types of agency-supported research involving chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and changes to agency processes for projects that propose to use chimpanzees in NIH-supported research.
On February 9, 2016, the NIH published a Federal Register notice (see 81 FR 6873) that provided information on: 1) the agency's reassessment of the need to maintain a colony of 50 chimpanzees for future research, 2) decision to no longer maintain a chimpanzee colony for research, and 3) conforming updates and procedures related to this action. Consistent with the NIH's reassessment and decision to no longer maintain a chimpanzee colony for research, the NIH is limiting its future support for research using chimpanzees to that which would be permissible in the federal sanctuary system under the Chimpanzee Health Improvement, Maintenance and Protection (CHIMP) Act and the implementing regulations at 42 CFR part 9. The Federal Register notice announced that such research must either be noninvasive behavioral studies or medical studies based on information collected during the course of normal veterinary care that is provided for the benefit of the chimpanzee, provided that any such study involves minimal physical and mental harm, pain, distress, and disturbance to the chimpanzee and the social group in which the chimpanzee lives.
In addition, the Federal Register notice announced that NIH may issue future guidance about permissible non-invasive research involving chimpanzees. Specifically, the NIH's decision to limit its future support for research involving chimpanzee requires conforming changes pertinent to previously issued NIH GUIDE notices, such as NOT-OD-14-024 and NOT-OD-15-097.
Behavioral studies designed to improve the establishment and maintenance of social groups. These activities may cause stress as a result of novel interactions between chimpanzees and caregivers, but they are not considered invasive as long as they are intended to maximize the well-being of the chimpanzees.
Medical examinations as deemed necessary to oversee the health of the chimpanzees, in the least invasive manner possible. Collection of samples routinely obtained during a physical examination for processing during this time is also considered noninvasive since a separate event is not required.
Administration and evaluation of environmental enrichment used to promote the psychological well-being of the chimpanzees.
Actions taken to provide essential medical treatment to an individual chimpanzee exhibiting symptoms of illness. This applies only to serious illness that cannot be treated while the chimpanzee remains within the colony.
Observational studies and collection of biomaterial in the wild without interfering with the chimpanzee.
Collections of biological materials (e.g., saliva, oral or other cavity specimens, urine, feces, or hair) obtained voluntarily from a chimpanzee that has been trained through positive reinforcement to cooperate in the collection. This excludes venipuncture or other more invasive methods.
The NIH also considers the services of the Chimpanzee Research Use Panel to be complete and is disbanding this working group of the Council of Councils. Grant applications, contract proposals, intramural research protocols, and 3rd party projects that propose to conduct research that is inconsistent with "noninvasive research" as described above will not receive support from the NIH for such research.
Upon receipt of the grant application by NIH, an automated query in the electronic Research Administration (eRA) system (the system used by NIH to support the full grant life cycle) identifies applications that contain words or phrases that may indicate the use of chimpanzees in the project. These applications will receive a "chimpanzee flag" in the NIH system. Before the application receives funding, this flag must be addressed by satisfying the NIH criteria for use of chimpanzees in research, or by the applicant certifying that no chimpanzees or chimpanzee biomaterials are involved. Note that the flag is used by NIH program officers and other staff for administrative purposes and is not available to peer review panels or Council members.
When the NIH Institute or Center (IC) Director is considering funding an application after the two-level peer review process has been completed, an email notification will be sent from the Chimpanzee Research Use (CRU) Reporting System to the principal investigator and the institutional signing official describing two possible paths for resolving the "chimpanzee flag".
The first path is for a grant application that received the "chimpanzee flag" designation, but the project does not involve the use of chimpanzees or chimpanzee biomaterials (i.e., the flag is incorrect or a false positive). The information provided by the applicant may be reviewed by the NIH Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW) to verify that the project does not involve the use of chimpanzees or chimpanzee biomaterials. No substantial delay in the award process is anticipated for this path.
The second path is for research involving chimpanzees or chimpanzee biomaterials. In this case, the grant applicant enters the CRU Reporting System and indicates that the research is consistent with "noninvasive research," as described in the "Standards of Care for Chimpanzees Held in the Federally Supported Chimpanzee Sanctuary System" and provides a justification. The information provided by the applicant will be reviewed by the NIH Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW) in consultation with the NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programs – the entity that oversees the federal chimpanzee sanctuary system.
If NIH believes the research is inconsistent with the definition of "noninvasive research," as described in the "Standards of Care for Chimpanzees Held in the Federally Supported Chimpanzee Sanctuary System," the principal investigator, the institutional signing official, and the NIH Program Officer will be notified through the CRU Reporting System that the "chimpanzee flag" will remain; and the portion(s) of the application that are inconsistent with "noninvasive research" cannot receive NIH funding. Applicants may wish to contact their NIH Program Officer to discuss revising or resubmitting an application.
The process as it relates to contract proposals, intramural protocols, and 3rd party projects is similar to grant applications but does not, for example, involve electronic flagging upon receipt. Please contact the Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives for specific details related to these mechanisms.
Experimental exposure to a substance that may be detrimental to a chimpanzee's health (e.g., infectious disease, radiation). This does not include accidental exposures to infectious diseases transmitted from cage mates or from radiation or other exposures at the time of regularly scheduled or necessary veterinary examinations and treatments.
Any invasion of a body cavity. For the sake of clarity, the NIH considers research involving the collection of biopsies as "invasive research" unless the specimen is taken for the health of the chimpanzee. This includes liver, percutaneous, and other biopsies.
Surgery and surgical implantation of devices that are not a part of a veterinary medical treatment or colony management purposes.
Behavioral studies that cause distress or discomfort, such as induction of a fear response.
Purposeful manipulation of social groups or the removal from their social group or addition of individuals in order to conduct behavioral research (for example, on aggression). Creation and refinement of social groups will be necessary when the animals arrive at the Sanctuary and this should take place only when necessary in regards to colony management and should not be driven by independently initiated research studies.
Restraint unless it is in conjunction with the annual exam or clinical care.
Darting or anesthesia induction other than at annual exam, for veterinary clinical indications, or in the case of an emergency in which the chimpanzee's well-being is at stake. For the sake of clarity, imaging studies such as radiography and external ultrasounds are considered to be "invasive research" unless they are for the benefit of the chimpanzees. However, digital or other resultant images obtained from procedures conducted for the benefit of the chimpanzees may be used for secondary purposes of research.
Procedures such as lavage, catheterization, or venipuncture, unless for veterinary clinical indications.
The NIH's decision to allow the support of noninvasive research involving the use of chimpanzees, as described in this notice, does not affect requirements for investigators and/or their institutions to obtain permits from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, if applicable, nor does it affect the responsibility to meet all applicable veterinary, colony, and husbandry obligations.


text:
Difference between revisions of "Talk:Suggestions"
ScotHibb (talk | contribs)
m (→Family Stats)
Taken from forum thread - http://forum.geni.com/topic.php?id=1215&replies=25
Other Suggestions for family stats:
Just started last week with adding family to geni. Getting up to the 600 members over 6 generations and still going. Now, I would like to have some "Family stats" for each generation divided in men and women
Generel Family stats:
* a (tag) cloud with occupation
* a chart of distribution of agegroups for live members
* a chart of distribution of birthday month over year
Family Religion stats:
* the percentage of married vs single
* the average age for getting married
* pie charts showing ethnicity, religion and political views
Family production stats:
* the avereage age for first child
* the average number of children
* the average time spread from first to last child
* a top 10 list of most children
Life expectancy stats:
* the average age of living members
* the average age of dead members (life expectancy)
* a pie chart showing cause of death (would need a new field)
* a top 10 list of oldest living members (and alltime lived longest)
Other stats:
* Average height
The place to suggest a feature is in the forums, but here we can track commonly requested suggestions. Feel free to add a suggestion here (use the "+" sign up there between "Edit" and "History" to add a new suggestion), or comment on an existing suggestion (indent it using colons, and sign your name at the end of your comment).
Also check out the suggestions by priority page for an overview of frequently requested features sorted by priority!
1 Additional Address Fields
3 Advanced Search Needed
4 Animated History
5 Authenticating to access Gmail Addressbook
6 Automatic Biography Wizard feature
7 Calendar Feed
8 Cause of Death
9 Chat Room
10 Custom Invite
11 Duplicate Profile Search Function
12 Facebook
13 Family Stats
14 Famous Relatives Marked in Tree
15 Forum Advanced Search
16 Forum Silo Sandbox
17 GEDCOM Exporting With Media
18 Layout
19 Making Changes to "Claimed" profiles
20 Managed Profiles
21 Mobile Edition
22 Multiple Births
23 Notes Nodes on Tree
24 Pop-up Relationship Calculator in Tree View
25 Soundex Search Function
26 Spell Check function
27 Page Title of Geni.com
29 Photo Printing Service
30 Privacy and Security after tree merging
31 Public Developer API
32 Public Trees
34 Source for Family Member
35 Statistics
36 Wiki suggestions
37 Cause of Death
38 add a relative parameter to the search field
39 Forum Closed Threads
Additional Address Fields
It would be great if we could have the ability to add previous addresses.
This is being discussed in the following forum thread: http://forum.geni.com/topic.php?id=1404
Many people[1] need a feature that allows them to list both Biological parents and Adopted parents, and for there to be a method of showing which they are. --Mark Beech 06:33, 21 August 2007 (PDT)
I don't think this would be all that difficult to implement. GEDCOM 5.5 already has the ADOP tag and in the Geni tree view it could just be shown as two sets of parents going down to one child. --jon.jaques 06:43, 21 August 2007 (PDT)
Advanced Search Needed
Can you consider adding an additional search feature to Geni? It's awesome that we can search for names, but it would be great to search by dates and location. for instance, this year Jamestown (oldest town in America) is celebrating their 400th birthday and my family and my brother's family want to take a road trip to look up some family history. I remember adding a bunch of family to Jamesburg and other colonies, but i don't have the time right now to wait for my tree to load and to go back 400+years and it would RULE if I could simply search for a location or general area (i.e. Jamestown) to i can print out a complete list of all direct blood relatives with historical links to Jamestown.
DOB and POB would be great as a starter, but you could add any event date (Christening, marriage, death, immigration year). If you're going to actually make it an advanced search function you could add maiden name, country of residence, state/province, living/deceased, ocupation, place of death, place of marriage, mother's maiden name, father's name, has decendants (yes or no), etc.
For advance search fields including dates (year of birth) you should also have a year range (+/- 15 years from 1450).
I think for basic searching, once the Geni database gets much bigger, you would need a differentiator such as spouse name, etc to narrow the search down (i.e. if I search for Robert Hibbard on ancestry.com I get hundreds of results).
For now it would just be great to be able to search by (in order of importance): -Last name -First name -Middle initial or name -Place of birth -Current residence -Place of death -approximate year of birth/death -Other important date (this would remain general for when you add a field for Christening, Marriage, etc to the basic profiles)
It would also be a basic requirement (as Geni grows in size) to add a search by Soundex feature to eliminate typos and to connect surnames that are related but are spelled slightly different (i.e. Hibbard Hebert). ~ScotHibb
Taken from forum thread - http://forum.geni.com/topic.php?id=976&replies=9&page
--ScotHibb 14:37, 5 March 2008 (PST)talk
Animated History
Create a plugin to the map program that allows you to "play back" family history, based on where ancestors were born and where they moved to.
Authenticating to access Gmail Addressbook
From Google Account Authentication:
Account Authentication Proxy for Web Applications: The AuthSub API gives your web application the ability to access a user's Google services accounts without handling the user's login information. This API offers a secure mode, in which the web application can register with Google for greater security.
Inspired to suggest due to this blog post --Ashley 21:19, 23 September 2007 (PDT)
Automatic Biography Wizard feature
In my opinion, the current "About Me" feature is too open and therefore isn't that inviting for all my family members to start writing down their whole biography from scratch. I would love to see an Biography automatic wizard feature which will include a whole bunch of essential questions and build up by itself a short good looking biography. Just like Wikipedia short stubs always attract people to expand them collaboratively with time, I think that the automated short bios would attract the family members to expand them collaboratively with time. Barak4u 10:51, 27 August 2007 (PDT)
Calendar Feed
The calendar of brithdays and anniversaries is a wonderful resource. If that was subscribe-able (given a generated key for security) as an ical or XML feed... it would be great. Easy to bring into Google Calendar, Outlook, whatever. I like the way Google Calendar has presented feed options and would recommend emulating as much as possible. --Zeroasterisk 08:20, 31 August 2007 (PDT)
A field for cause of death should be added next to the date of death. This would also be a nice contribution to advanced statistics. Raeve
Hey I was just thinking, the forums is really the only place to vent or talk with other Geni users about geni and their experiences...do you guys have the software to create a Geni chatroom? It could be broken up into different areas, this way those of us who would like to just shoot the crap could do it without the forum police arresting us...
I know I suggested this in the past (about 7 months ago) for FAMILY use, the chat I am recommending would be for ALL geni members to participate in.
~ScotHibb
Taken from the forum thread - http://forum.geni.com/topic.php?id=4774&replies=29
Custom Invite
http://forum.geni.com/topic.php?id=605&replies=4#post-2625
Duplicate Profile Search Function
It would be great to be able to have the search bring up a list of names in the tree that are duplicate names (this way we can delete or merge the profiles if they are indeed dups). My tree is too large to navigate looking for dups, but it would help out a lot, especially when more family members join and populate. This would also especially be nice while we're awaiting GEDCOM Import as well.
Taken from forum thread - http://forum.geni.com/topic.php?id=1609&replies=6
Get on Facebook. --jon.jaques 09:12, 20 August 2007 (PDT)
Family Stats
It would be GREAT if we could have family stats on our tree. Example of stats I'd like to see:
-number of males versus females in your family's history
-any trend data
-the bulk of your family migrated to the USA 400 years ago in the Jamestown colony
-percentages of where my family resides or were buried
-percentages of births (i.e. 90% of your family's first child was a daughter followed by 75% of your family's second child was a son...your average family size is 10 family members)
-the largest number of offspring each family had was between 1600 and 1920, after 1920 you average family size was 4 children
-the average lifespan of your forefathers was 85 years old
-your surname started in 1100 AD England
-you have 320 great grandfathers in your tree
-you have 560 great uncles
-percentage of "what I am" according to my bloodline (English, German, etc)
-occupation
All stats should be customizable by direct line (parents, grandparents), complete family line (blood relatives), extended family, and complete tree.
It would be awesome to see a family stats page with all details, something like:
-45% English
-50% German
-3% French
-1.5% Irish
-.25% Norwegian
-.25% Welch
-The average ratio of male to female offspring in your family is 4:1
-90% of your family resides in the USA
-65% of your family is buried in the USA
-20% of your family members were buried in England
-Your largest family was your 5th great grandfather's family with 16 sons and 5 daughters
-50% of your ancestors were politicians, 25% were farmers, 25% were business owners
-etc, etc, etc, etc...the possibilities are endless!
Basically any stat that you could pull from the basic profile data (DOB, DOD, POB, POD, occupation, etc). ~ScotHibb
Other Suggestions for family stats: Just started last week with adding family to geni. Getting up to the 600 members over 6 generations and still going. Now, I would like to have some "Family stats" for each generation divided in men and women
a (tag) cloud with occupation
a chart of distribution of agegroups for live members
a chart of distribution of birthday month over year
the percentage of married vs single
the average age for getting married
pie charts showing ethnicity, religion and political views
the avereage age for first child
the average number of children
the average time spread from first to last child
a top 10 list of most children
the average age of living members
the average age of dead members (life expectancy)
a pie chart showing cause of death (would need a new field)
a top 10 list of oldest living members (and alltime lived longest)
Average height
Famous Relatives Marked in Tree
That would RULE! When we are adding a famous relative we could earmark the profile, or click a "famous" check box so that when ever a family member logs on they can see what famous people have been connected to our bloodline!
By "famous" I meant a family member who has an accomplishment that we would like to share with our other family members. For instance, my Grandfather (on my mother's German side) fought in WWII and surviced the battle at Normandy, and he's turning 96 years old on the 4th of July. I also have grandfathers (on my father's side) who fought in every war from the present back to the battle of Hastings in 1066. While I also have a bunch of relatives that were US presidents, etc, the "famous" earmark functionality would be more to honor the lives of my forefathers and to share with the rest of my family how they fought to protect the freedom we enjoy. This was more of a thought that came to mind with the upcoming Memorial Day holiday when i posted this originally. ~ScotHibb
Taken from forum thread - http://forum.geni.com/topic.php?id=534&replies=43
Forum Advanced Search
As the forum grows you will need to better hone your search option. Searching by tags or keywords can be well and good when there's a small forum membership, but it's getting harder and harder to find posts now that the profile view doesn't show all back-posts. It would be great to be able to search the forums by poster, etc. ~ScotHibb
Forum Silo Sandbox
I suggest that you create an off-topic sandbox section for those of us that wish to just talk about our experience herein that may not be relevant for a specific post or existing forum silo. This would make Noah's job of removing posts and locking posts so much easier and would also keep intolerant people who don't want to have fun on the forums happy as well. This would be a place where the following posts could be unlocked and could live happily ever after: -"Where is ScotHibb?" - http://forum.geni.com/topic.php?id=1706&replies=114 -"Geni Cruise?" - http://forum.geni.com/topic.php?id=1837&replies=34 -"I'm ScotHibb's Wife..." - http://forum.geni.com/topic.php?id=1118&replies=28 -"Convention in Salt Lake..." - http://forum.geni.com/topic.php?id=1843&replies=13 -"Do you LOVE Geni?!" - http://forum.geni.com/topic.php?id=43&replies=25
Would this be a plausible idea? You could even keep the "newest threads" from showing up in the main page so people just using the forums to graze on information and not add anything wouldn't get "upset" at a forum thread that wasn't of 'use" to them. ~ScotHibb
GEDCOM Exporting With Media
GEDCOM Exporting with Media, such as Picture and Video, this I assume would mean that media would need to be made "Publicly Available" so the programs such as GRAMPS can import this media.
This would be a great feature to enable users to backup there trees if someone deletes anything
As my family tree is growing "wider" (rather than deeper), I find it increasingly difficult to see most of the tree within the same page without zooming out considerably (where less useful information is displayed). It would be useful to make the layout a little bit more compact (e.g. less empty space between nodes) so that more information could be displayed at the default zoom level. --[User:JP|Jean.Pierre] 11 October 2007 (PST)
Making Changes to "Claimed" profiles
A nice feature would be to make a change to a "Claimed" profile, then a request is sent to this user to accept or deny these changes.
Geni Team,
Under Managed Profiles can you give us three choices regarding "who can edit profiles I added"? Currently it's "only me" or "entire tree". This seems a bit too night-and-day. I suggest having the following options: -Only Me -Direct Family -Entire Tree
Maybe in the future you can add a button for when someone who is trying to correct an error in a profile I added and wants to ask permission to do so. Example - they go to correct a typo and to a profile I added and "locked", they get a message that they can't edit it but have a button that auto-sends me an email which has a "reply, reject request, grant access" option that I could click.
Just a thought. But I would love to have the ability to allow for just direct family to edit profiles and not the entire tree. ~ScotHibb
--ScotHibb 11:10, 5 March 2008 (PST) talk
I would welcome a method of being able to access information in my Geni tree from my mobile phone and to also have the ability to update the tree. --Mark Beech 06:33, 21 August 2007 (PDT) http://wiki.geni.com/index.php/Mobile_Edition_%28suggestions%29 http://forum.geni.com/topic.php?id=1332&page&replies=3
The ability to show twins, triplets, quadruplets etc and show that they are in the same position of birth order would be a very welcome feature.
--jon.jaquestalk 13:11, 17 December 2007 (PST)
Notes Nodes on Tree
I was perusing our tree this morning and found a section that I had forgot about that I wanted to verify (it's a pretty hard tree to navigate). This made me think that a hybrid of the "notes" ideas would be great as an extra addible node in tree view that the entire tree could view. Example: a section of the tree is unverified or is linked via an unverified source, there would be a line coming from just above the last verified family member with a note that says "this branch is not verified", or "this branch is based on X/Y assumptions". I think that this would encourage the more genealogic-centric users to want to use Geni more since most genealogists, amature or professional, won't add anything to a family tree that isn't verified or documented.
I was speaking with an old friend of the family during Thanksgiving last week, my father handed me the phone because she is very much into genealogy and he wanted me to tell her about the Geni project. After I explained it to her she said that it was something that she would not be interested in because she was afraid that her data would end up being corrupted by misinformation. She said that too many sites out there allow for non-verified information that gets spread across multiple families and ends up spreading all over the place.
Anyway, something like having a Notes Node directly on the tree view may help this out, as well as give us the ability to flag a branch of the tree as "in need of verification", etc.
From the Forum Thread - http://forum.geni.com/topic.php?id=2043&replies=6
Pop-up Relationship Calculator in Tree View
Would it be possible to have a pop-up function in the Tree View so that I could click a profile and get a pop-up that shows, for instance, the relationship of the profile to me (i.e. X Hibbard is your 30th great grandfather's 30th great grandfather)? I know that something like this would not be viable to pop-up on roll-over (since you roll over many a profile while navigating the tree view), but it would be great to have added to the tree view profile nodes. It simply takes too long to click a profile to find out your relationship, and when you back-arrow to the tree view it starts me at home position and i've lost where I was navigating to.
Any chance of integrating this into the new profile-flipping? ~ScotHibb
Soundex Search Function
Is there any way that you can include a Soundex search in the future? Soundex would allow for us to find relatives in and outside of our trees even if we are unsure of the correct spelling. For instance, if I search for "Hibard" I get no hits because I left out a "b". With Soundex it would have returned all hibbards with and hiberds listed first (if they existed). Most sites allow for Soundex search, exact spelling search, and Metaphone searches.
This is not nearly as critical as getting GEDCOM import up and running, but something that you will want to consider once Geni grows to the size of ancestry.com...
Here's a quick Soundex converter. http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Hills/3916/soundex.html
Convert "Hibbard" or "Hibert" you get the same result of "H163". Since surnames are spelled so many different ways (Ried, Read, Reade, Reed) having the Soundex functionality in Geni serches would rule! ~ScotHibb
Spell Check function
Geni really needs to add a spell check feature. I am somewhat lacking in the spelling department (a product of a generation raised with spell-ckeck), and it would be GREAT to have spell check as a feature on geni. This would be useful for all the text fields in profiles, in PMs, in the Geni-mail, and of course here in the forums. ~ScotHibb
Page Title of Geni.com
The browser's 'back' button drop down gives a long list of Geni - Genealogy - Free Family Tree entries, which is basically useless to go to a specific page in history. Please add useful page headings to each page, such as UserX's Family Tree > Geni or UserY's Photo Album > Geni for all pages other than the sign-in page. As no other pages are visible to the search engines, it won't affect the ranking if the Genealogy - Free Family Tree portion is removed. --Ashley 19:41, 17 September 2007 (PDT)
The photo uploader is confusing. Most photos end up cropped improperly, and it takes many steps (not easy to find) to change the default photo of a profile. This needs substantial improvements. --Jean.Pierre 11 October 2007 (PST)
I just started noticing that since I got back from my Christmas vacation and began uploading all my photos to Geni to label and share with my family, it makes sense that geni should partner with an online photo printing service like Snapfish (or someday offer the service).
Here's my SOP when I have over 200 pictures I need to print: 1-copy all pictures to my external terabyte hard drive 2-upload to SnapFish, search for a coupon code and order my prints 3-CRINGE at sending a link out to my family because half the time SnapFish "share your album" links never work and I get tons of emails pointing this out to me 4-upload all the exact same images to Geni to label them and tag them 5-back up the images to DVD 6-start uploading to other apps like facebook and myspace
Anyway, if Geni had a partnership with someone like SnapFish it would cut out a huge step that's a duplicate effort (step 2-3 above) and takes many hours to upload (pics shot in 10MP). If Geni ends up offering the service it would even be better because I'm throwing money at SnapFish like crazy anyway, may as well throw it Geni's way! ~ScotHibb
Privacy and Security after tree merging
I mentioned this in the forums awhile ago but once tree merging becomes a possibility, lateral tree security is going to be necessary. At the time everyone seemed to agree with only blood relatives and first-degree in laws editing profiles and anyone else can only view. In addition to that I think that anyone should be able to view the non-living profiles but not the living profiles which could contain phone numbers, addresses etc. Forum post is here --jon.jaques 11:11, 22 August 2007 (PDT)
Public Developer API
If Geni had this, you guys could probably solve a lot of your feature requests instantly
Trees which anybody can view. For fictional trees (e.g. a Simpsons tree) or famous people (a British Royalty tree). There could be a page with all these trees listed (this could be lengthy). Public Trees could be accessed by a URL (e.g. geni.com/public/tj43jd). The 'owner' of a public tree could invite other Geni members to collaborate on the tree.
I think this would be a really cool feature and a good way to publisize Geni. Rather than saying check out this site where you can create your family tree you could give someone a link where they can see a famous tree and then might be motivated to create their own. --Fluteflute 02:24, 16 August 2007 (PDT)
(Advanced feature that would be tremendously useful in helping deepen the trees) It would be great if Geni.com could somehow suggest references where to research additional genealogical information for missing data inside each of the profiles, based on the information already entered. For example a link to the email address or web page for the municipal archives of the town entered as the birthplace in the profile. Or information imported from other free genealogical sites where matching profiles can be found (same name and birth date and birth location). --Jean.Pierre 11 October 2007 (PST)
Source for Family Member
A great feature would be, the source where this family member was found... I.E Census, Birth Certificate, Electoral Roll.. etc
Advanced Family Statitics are a must have, for example number of males/females, average, shortest, longest life span, 10 oldest/10 youngest people and so on.
This has been discussed in the following forum threads: http://forum.geni.com/topic.php?id=1215 http://forum.geni.com/topic.php?id=143 http://forum.geni.com/topic.php?id=2921
Wiki suggestions
Move this page to talk page, so users could simply add new sections by using "+" in the top menu
Please specify the license and other related privacy rules about this wiki
Please educate users about not stealing and inserting content without following the rules (like copying Wikipedia articles requires a proper backlink to te original article among the notice that it has been copied from there)
Thanks.--grin ✎ 02:59, 17 September 2007 (PDT)
Yes, I strongly support this suggestion. --Ashley 19:36, 17 September 2007 (PDT)
I took the liberty to get #1 done since nobody seemed to care. #3 could be done as well, I try to squeeze out some time sometime. --grin ✎ 00:53, 21 November 2007 (PST)
I completely agree with adding a section for Cause of Death. Many times there are intergenerational patterns of diseases and illnesses in families and this could help generations of families understand possibly genetic health issues.
add a relative parameter to the search field
Adding a box to tick in the search field would be very interesting for names that have travelled aroudn the world.
Many accents and non-english letters have been removed when the people emigrate.
For example, the french name Piécoup became Piecoup in the USA, and both searches do not return the same results.
It will be the same with the german "ö" sometimes translated to "o" and sometimes to "oe", some turkish letters, etc...
In order to make Geni really international, such an enhancement is required.
Best regards, Rmatt 03:50, 26 February 2008 (PST)
Forum Closed Threads
Can you please add the tags "closed" and "[closed]" to all the posts that you guys lock-down? That way they can remained burried but those of us that find them interesting, relavent, and FUNNY can find them easily? I would add the tags myself, however since they're closed that's impossible...
I think it is advisable that when you lock a topic, you make the final post in the thread giving your reasons for doing so. It's really not a good idea to simply lock a thread with no reason given - it will leave the participants feeling uncertain about their own actions, even if they haven't done anything wrong.
In the same respect, if you make changes to a post, then you should add a comment to the end of it saying why.
Basically, whenever moderating a forum you should justify you actions in the interests of the entire community - it may still leave people angry or annoyed, but it will avoid major drama and flames!
From the forum thread - http://forum.geni.com/topic.php?id=2019&replies=18
Retrieved from "https://wiki.geni.com/index.php?title=Talk:Suggestions&oldid=10721"


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He joins Emilia's descendants in Cuba and Miami as they struggle to understand Cuba-US history, and their own history of exile, family separation and reunification.
EMILIA, an untold Cuban American Story
EMILIA is a personal journey and search for ancestral roots to unravel the story of my ancestor, Emilia Teurbe Tolón, who sewed Cuba's national flag while living in exile in New York in 1850. It is a first-person experimental narrative based on family memories and the meaning of the flag as a unifying symbol for all Cubans. The film chronicles a little known but very significant episode in US-Cuban history: the creation of Cuba's national symbols in New York. Emilia was the first woman deported from Cuba for political insurgency. She was a 19th century woman ahead of her time and a role model for women's contributions to the struggle for independence. An advocate for social justice, she bequeathed her wealth for children's education. Her husband, Miguel, was a poet, political activist and a Freemason. In exile, he became a pioneer of Spanish language journalism in the United States where he designed the flag and coat of arms.
Their commitment to free Cuba from Spanish colonial oppression gave rise to the birth of the Cuban nation. Although anchored in history, the story is told in the present as I discover milestones about the history of Cuba, Latinx United States and my ancestor. The film merges personal histories and interviews with excerpts from 19th century publications, diaries, letters and poetry to reconstruct Emilia's life. I join Emilia's descendants in Cuba and Miami as we struggle to understand our family history, and our own story of immigration, exile, family separation and reunification.
Producer /
Luis Pérez-Tolón is an award-winning Cuban-American filmmaker, visual anthropologist and former network executive whose career spans more than 40 years across the U.S., Latin America, and Europe. His credits include: Director of Production and Development for Discovery Networks Latin America; PBS; Café Productions, London; Director of the EU's MEDIA Program for Audiovisual Development in Spain; and the U.S. Department of Education.
Associate /
Charles and Silvia Wilhelm. The production of this film could not have been possible without the Wilhelm's support. They facilitated filming in Cuba thanks to their more than twenty five years working for the Cuban people. Their continuing belief in this story during the fundraising, editing and promotion has been essential for making this film.
Daunier Estevez is a filmmaker with more than 10-years' experience in video editing, including educational documentaries for the U.S. Dept. of Education and Miami's Pit Fall, a story of why the pit bull ban became a Miami Dade County ordinance in 1989. Daunier is co-founder of Zentient Arts, a creative media agency that provides video, photography, graphic and web design services.
SEO Expert /
Fermin Fleites is an SEO Expert & Communications Specialist. For 15 years he has developed projects "Across Media" to link media online and offline. In 2006 the program Arte Mundo Latino aired for six years on national TV through DirectTV and Time Warner, an online version is now on Youtube. He produced and directed three records (Tenors, 4Voces, Paracas-a Special Reserve) for youtube. Currently he works as SEO and SEM consultant for various companies.
#1PremioHouston
April 2018 Premiere– 51st World Fest – Houston Independent International Film Festival Special Jury Remi Award
#6LuisMontreal
#12BocaJCC
#9EmiliaOakland
#8Nov-14-Emilia-UCBerkeley
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"...a fine film that rescues a nearly lost history"
William LeoGrandeAmerican University
"...the research is deep and very well presented... you succeeded in lifting the story above the contemporary political fray."
Miren UriarteUnversity of Massachusetts Boston
"...the film is really touching and has a timely message that should be widely shared."
Marguerite JimenezWashington Office on Latin America WOLA
"La fuerza está en el afecto, en los lazos familiares y el reencuentro..."
Patricia PoppeJohn Hopkins University
"...the film clearly touches many chords and has several important messages"
Phil BrennerAmerican University
51 min English/Spanish with Subtitles
Produced and Directed by Luis Pérez Tolón
©Emilia Productions LLC 2017
Original Cuban Flag 1850
Commemorative Postage Stamps
EMILIA + © 2019 Emilia Productions Miami. All rights reserved. Made with ♥ in MIAMI.


I'm really glad that I don't have to drive in Guatemala. Our driver takes us on a road where a bridge collapsed during tropical storm Agatha, two or three years ago, but no one has bothered to rebuild it. On the other side of the river, a truck starts towards the river, showing the water depth to be about one foot. Julio, our expert driver, obviously knows he'll go through. As I travel in this and other underdeveloped countries, I've found that people don't seem to worry about things like a river crossing. They know a bridge or other infrastructure will not be built any time soon. They'll deal with problems when they occur.
The same happens with their educational system. The central government may build schools, but it doesn't seem to supply the books. A child may show up at school one day, but not the next, if the family's priorities have changed one way or another. New teachers find themselves assigned to classes they can hardly manage, without prior experience of assisting another, more experienced, teacher.
We're driving to a couple of small villages to visit schools supported by an organization called Child Aid www.child-aid.org, with John van Keppel, their national director. Started some 25 years ago in Oaxaca, Mexico, as a school for deaf children, and then expanded to Guatemala as a developer of libraries in villages where there were no books, it has focused more recently on supporting and developing the human aspect of books: stimulating readers by making the material more accessible through enthusiastic teachers. I started to support their efforts at the end of one of my annual trips to Guatemala. I found Child Aid, read about them, thought they ran an operation worthy of my support. Today, finally, I was about to see it in action.
We stop at a Y intersection to pick up Nancy, who lives in Panajachel and came this way on the "chicken bus," the name for refurbished school buses given a new life on these rough roads. Nancy is well dressed, as you would expect of a school teacher or administrator in our first world countries, making me self-conscious of my backpacker's appearance.
Nancy trains and supports the teachers in the region who commit to attending six training sessions over the course of three years. In addition to the new ideas and methodologies they bring back from each one-day class, the teachers receive personal assistance and support from Child Aid's all-Guatemalan staff (which includes Nancy), plus valuable, directly applicable teaching material. The teachers come of their own volition to perform a better job for their students, and school directors assist them by allowing them to take the day off. Talk about commitment! For most of them, this involves several hours of travel in each direction, on board the notably uncomfortable chicken buses, on roads with potholes and broken bridges.
We arrive at the first school, at the end of a seemingly new uphill street. The school building is a 2-storey concrete block construction, painted in the traditional vivid colours we see around this country (deep reds, ochre yellows, and sky blues). A few kids, at the end of recess, linger to watch us, possibly their first view of actual white people like the ones they've seen on television (minus the star factor, of course). After being greeted by the director, we climb the stairs to a kindergarten class which just as lively and colourful as any in the US or Canada.
The teacher, a young woman who may not even be 20, wants to show us how she teaches the concepts of abajo (below) and arriba (above) through the illustrated story of a frog. She also distributes coloured paper samples so the kids can identify the various colours she mentions in the book, an active way to demonstrate they have understood the meaning of the words they just heard.
On our way to the next class, we see another Child Aid technique in action: bookshelves on wheels, which can be moved around the school where they'll be accessible to the children. Schools may not have the storage space for the books, so Child Aid brings them in plastic crates, sets them on the rolling shelves, and voilà! – an open library wherever it's needed, wherever the children will be. Unlike a bookmobile, it offers focus: it can stay there, establish a presence, invite passersby to browse.
The next class we visit is the sixth grade, where we confuse the teacher, because, as he tries to explain tactfully, we interrupted the beginning of the science period. He quickly puts together a mini session about the differences between fiction and non-fiction. He puts books into a box in the middle of the room and asks teams to pick up a book, discuss among themselves to decide which ones are fiction and which ones are not.
Outside in the courtyard, the director offers us a warm drink in small plastic cups, the same drink they serve the kids every day when the school received it. Some kind of meal substitute, it is; apparently, a necessity when kids may come to school without any breakfast.
We continue our journey to another school, arriving at the end of recess. We've been warned: at our sight, the kids swarm around each of us as if we were movie stars. Best of all, they love to have their picture taken and see the results on the back of the digital cameras. The crowd accompanies us up the stairs to the library established and staffed by Child Aid. The librarian, who has been at this job only a few months, tries to create order as the kids unexpectedly invade and pose with books as though saying, "here's the scene you came to see, and I want to be in it." The library is organized according to the Dewey Decimal system, as shown by a chart on the wall, and kids have full access whenever they please. From what I've seen so far, this modest library is one of the best in the country.
But it's the end of recess, and this group leaves the room for the librarian to prepare for an actual class. She reads from a book about a dog hiding under a kid monster's bed, capturing the kids' attention away from the visitors and their cameras. I notice that she and the kindergarten teacher carefully mention the title of the book and its author before starting to read. That's how I retained the author's name, Maria Martinez, guessing the book was originally written in Spanish, which turned out to be useful at the end. There was a game with questions about the story, and when nobody could answer the question, "what was the author's name," I raised my hand – and won 200 quetzales, on paper (fortunately).
We leave the school hungry for lunch, and decide to go down to Panajachel, on the shore of Lake Atitlan, one of the natural beauties of Guatemala. The spectacular lake was formed by the collapse of a volcano (a caldera) some 80,000 years ago and has filled with rain water ever since (so the water can reach undesired levels, as happened recently). The view of this vast lake surrounded by high peaks is exceptionally beautiful.
On the way, John becomes curious to see a school in a village built recently to relocate the inhabitants whose entire hillside was swept by the waters from a hurricane. This is part of the story of Lake Atitlan: hurricanes pour water into this immense vase, washing off the slopes. John is pleased to see there are new buildings for the school, yet he notices the original emergency construction of corrugated metal panels has been moved and rebuilt next to it. A quick peek through the door reveals a classroom occupied by two different levels of students, half facing one way, the other half facing the other way. Two classes in one, so to speak, with no windows and no electricity. The kids (apparently the older ones) seem busy at their desks. The teacher comes out and expresses his thanks and appreciation to John and Child Aid. From what I understand, he came to a training session recently and was pleased with it. We had come unannounced, so he didn't prepare anything to show us, but his reaction said it all. Helping the teachers will take their students to new levels of learning.
Books, in Guatemala? I saw many of them, aging in the library of the Cooperación Española (funded by the Government of Spain) in Antigua, out of reach of the general population. I visited all the little bookshops in Antigua, all trading books left here by passing tourists, most of them in English. I learned that a few children could be sponsored to buy their own books and materials every year, but without a library, an enthusiastic librarian, and the support of the teachers, how could a child develop curiosity and a taste for learning? I can only think that Child Aid is pointed in the right direction, and running with the right solutions. And how could you resist the smiles on the children's faces, the eagerness to learn?


text:
Title: Alfortville
Subject: Maisons-Alfort, List of Armenian ethnic enclaves, Distel Zola, Armenian Brotherhood Church, List of football clubs in France
Alfortville and Chinagora, with a barge and tugboat on the River Seine
Paris and inner ring departments
Alfortville-Nord and Alfortville-Sud
Intercommunality
Plaine Centrale du Val-de-Marne
René Rouquet
Population (2006)2
12,000/km2 (31,000/sq mi)
27–37 m (89–121 ft)
2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.
Alfortville (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 7.6 km (4.7 mi) from the center of Paris.
3 Population
4 Armenian community
5 Personalities
The commune of Alfortville was created on 1 April 1885 from part of the commune of Maisons-Alfort.
Alfortville is served by two stations on Paris RER line D: Maisons-Alfort – Alfortville and Le Vert de Maisons.
Alfortville is located at only 500 meters from the metro station Ecole vétérinaire de Maisons Alfort on Paris Métro Line 8
Armenian community
The Armenian community of Alfortville is very significant. There is an Armenian Apostolic Church located south of the city. It's an important place for the Armenian community, which is very significant in Alfortville.
There is a street named after Komitas Vartabed, Missak Manouchian, and the city of Yerevan. A roundabout has recently been named Place d'Achtarak after the Armenian city Ashtarak.
Alfortville is twinning convention with the Armenian cities of Ashtarak (since 1993), Oshakan (since 2001).
On 3 May 1984, the Grey Wolves member Abdullah Catli and paid by the Turkish MİT intelligence agency.[1]
Bendy Casimir, mixed martial arts fighter
Odair Fortes, footballer
Jean-Eudes Maurice, footballer
Mickael Marquet, footballer
Hassan Yebda, footballer
Marten Yorgantz, Armenian singer
Alexis Tomassian, comedian
Alain Teyinyan, actor
Alfortville is twinned with:
San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy since 1989
Ashtarak, Armenia since 1993
Cantanhede, Portugal since 2000
Oshakan, Armenia since 2001
There is also a twinning convention with the Armenian region of Ashtarak since 1993.
Communes of the Val-de-Marne department
Mayors of Essonne Association (French)
^ Ergenekon document reveals MİT's assassination secrets, Today's Zaman, 19 August 2008 (English)
Official website (in French)
The below of Alfortville (in French)
Communes in the Metropolitan Area of Paris
Population over 2 million
City of Paris
Population over 100,000
Population over 75,000
Épinay-sur-Seine
Population under 25,000
1,669 other communes
Coordinates not on Wikidata
Armenian diaspora communities
Communes of Val-de-Marne
London, United Kingdom, France, Amsterdam, Berlin
Azerbaijan, Turkey, Ukraine, Yerevan, Soviet Union
United Kingdom, European Union, Italy, Canada, Spain
Departments of France
Holy Roman Empire, Corsica, Dutch Republic, Paris, Rhône-Alpes
Departments of France, France, Paris, Regions of France, Arrondissements of France
Paris, France, Val-de-Marne, Communes of France, England
List of Armenian ethnic enclaves
California, Russia, France, Lebanon, Syria
Distel Zola
Midfielder, LB Châteauroux, AS Monaco FC, AS Monaco FC, Stade Lavallois
Armenian Brotherhood Church
Armenia, Armenian language, Armenian Evangelical Church, Pasadena, California, Armenian Genocide
List of football clubs in France
Championnat de France Amateurs 2, Championnat de France Amateurs, Ligue 1, Championnat National, Ligue 2


text:
State of Health
Italy: level of interest towards health topics 2017
Published by Conor Stewart, Jan 14, 2020
This statistic shows the results of a survey on the level of interest towards health topics in Italy in 2017. According to data, the greatest share of respondents (82 percent), stated that they would like to be more informed about health-related topics. On the contrary, only 18 percent of interviewees were not particularly interested in deepening their knowledge about health.
Would you like to be more informed about topics regarding health?
6 years and older
Number of patients active on organ transplant waiting list in Denmark 2015-2019
Number of patient deaths while on organ transplant waiting list in Denmark 2015-2019
Number of deaths in Denmark 2018, by cause of death
Alcohol-related deaths in Denmark 2009-2019
Conor Stewart
Research expert covering health & pharmaceuticals in the UK & Europe
Statistics on "State of health in Denmark "
Perceived health status in Denmark 2009-2019
Sickness absence rate for employees in Denmark 2013-2019
Share of respondents in excellent health status in Denmark 2017, by age and gender
Share of respondents in bad health status in Denmark 2017, by age and gender
Share of individuals with longstanding illness in Denmark 2017, by age group
Number of surgeries for obesity in Denmark 2009-2018
Number of people with type 2 diabetes in Denmark 2008-2018
Number of individuals with type 1 diabetes in Denmark 2008-2018
Number of new cancer cases in Denmark 2008-2018
Number of new cancer cases in Denmark 2008-2018, by gender
Number of new cancer cases in Denmark 2018, by type of cancer
Number of new cancer cases in Denmark 2018, by type of cancer and gender
Number of new prostate cancer cases Denmark 2008-2018
Number of new breast cancer cases among women in Denmark 2008-2018
New tuberculosis cases and relapses in Denmark 2012-2018
Number of tuberculosis cases in Denmark 2018, by site of disease
Number of tuberculosis and relapses cases in Denmark 2018, by age group
Number of individuals with COPD in Denmark 2008-2018
Number of individuals with asthma in Denmark 2008-2018
New cases of HIV diagnosed in Denmark 2006-2019
New cases of AIDS diagnosed in Denmark 2006-2019
Number of hepatitis A cases in Denmark 2009-2019
Number of hepatitis B cases in Denmark 2009-2019
Number of hepatitis C cases in Denmark 2009-2019
Drug-related poisoning deaths in Denmark 2008-2018
Number of suicides and suicide attempts in Denmark 2011-2018
Italy: level of information about health topics 2017
Share of adults with high waist circumference in England by gender and shift work
Opinion of the French on factors contributing to staying healthy 2016
General health of adults in England 2013, by gender and shift work
Mean waist circumference of adults in England 2013, by gender and shift work
Share of adults with hypertension in England 2013, by gender and shift work
Northern Ireland: health status of individuals over past year in 2018/19, by gender
Northern Ireland: health status of individuals over past year in 2010-2019
Self-assessment of own health by U.S. consumers 2015
Top English healthcare Wikipedia articles viewed 2013
Serious health issues for young people according to girls in the UK 2016
Consumer rating of impact of food and drinks on their health 2012
Consumer rating of impact of genetics on their health 2012
Consideration of the amount of physical activity respondents get in the U.S. 2015
Consideration of the healthfulness of food and beverages by U.S. consumers 2013-2015
Percentage of U.S. persons who had excellent or very good health 1997-2018
Italy: health attitudes 2017
Italy: recurrence of diagnostic tests 2017
Italy: perceived state of mental health 2017
Italy: physical activity level 2017
State of health in Italy Digital healthcare in Italy Health supplements market in Italy Self-medication in Italy Pharmaceutical market in Italy
ONDA - Osservatorio Nazionale sulla Salute della Donna e di Genere. (March 23, 2017). Would you like to be more informed about topics regarding health? [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved January 19, 2021, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/883156/level-of-interest-towards-health-topics-in-italy/
ONDA - Osservatorio Nazionale sulla Salute della Donna e di Genere. "Would you like to be more informed about topics regarding health?." Chart. March 23, 2017. Statista. Accessed January 19, 2021. https://www.statista.com/statistics/883156/level-of-interest-towards-health-topics-in-italy/
ONDA - Osservatorio Nazionale sulla Salute della Donna e di Genere. (2017). Would you like to be more informed about topics regarding health?. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: January 19, 2021. https://www.statista.com/statistics/883156/level-of-interest-towards-health-topics-in-italy/
ONDA - Osservatorio Nazionale sulla Salute della Donna e di Genere. "Would You like to Be More Informed about Topics regarding Health?." Statista, Statista Inc., 23 Mar 2017, https://www.statista.com/statistics/883156/level-of-interest-towards-health-topics-in-italy/
ONDA - Osservatorio Nazionale sulla Salute della Donna e di Genere, Would you like to be more informed about topics regarding health? Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/883156/level-of-interest-towards-health-topics-in-italy/ (last visited January 19, 2021)


text:
Vlădiceni may refer to several villages in Romania:

 Vlădiceni, a village in Tomești Commune, Iași County
 Vlădiceni, a village in Bârgăuani Commune, Neamț County