text:
P.N.G. Gossip Newsletter - 6 Mar 2003
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Papua New Guinea Gossip Newsletter
A very special welcome is extended to any new readers. If you have comments or suggestions to make then please click here.
Links Vabukori
Napatana Lodge Education Sites
Marine Conservation Unchecked Links
Cancer Centre Private Hospital
Dregerhafen School Squash Championships
Bavaroko School Henganofi
Strontium 90 Tests Metal Recycling
RAM Malaysian High Commission
PNG Citizenship Supplementary Elections
Lae Jail Breakout Mobil Kwik Shops
Security Advisor PNGBC Inquiry
Goods and Services Tax UPNG's Open Campus
Floods Tambul Temperature
Madang Evictions Madang Cruiser
Fake Claims AIDS Law
Air Niugini Manu Autoport
Kina (money) Vanimo
Koiari Landowners Tourism Minister
PNG Media That's All
To send a message for submission to the PNG Gossip Newsletter -- then please click here.
masalai spirit
nambawan best
nambawan first rate
nambawan nogut worst
rausim get rid of / throw away
sem shame
snek snake
spoilim wreck
stilim steal
stilman thief
stilwul steel wool
wankain equal
wankain same
wankain similar
Remember that this mailing list is mainly meant for people who have an interest and already know a little bit about the people and geography of Papua New Guinea. The PNG Kina, which is mentioned from time to time in this newsletter, is currently worth around 26 - 27 United States cents but varies on a daily basis.
If you are really keen on finding out what the Kina is worth a currency converter for most world currencies can be located at http://www.michie.net/pnginfo/moni.html
Want to find out more about Papua New Guinea? Try searching at http://www.michie.net/pnginfo and http://www.michie.net/png_faqs. The PNG Business and Tourism Directory located at http://www.pngbd.com is also an excellent place to look for PNG information.
For those who are not so familiar with the geography of Papua New Guinea I suggest taking a look http://maps.google.com and then click on the find a map option. Go to this link for a quick start to a link to a map of Port Moresby. http://www.michie.net/pnginfo/pom-map.html
Also remember that the accuracy of the information in this newsletter should not be relied upon - it is, after all, a gossip newsletter.
Vabukori Village
The people from Vabukori Village in Port Moresby are putting together a rather nice website located at http://www.vabukori.com.
Napatana Lodge
is the first eco tourism lodge in Alotau. Napatana is a traditionally built pole house that has been made from tropical timbers. The lodge reflects Milne Bay architecture, demonstrating traditional building skills by local craftsmen. An open-air bar/restaurant overlooks the bay, and at night, cool breezes release an ambience of serenity -- http://www.napatanalodge.com -- Box 143, ALOTAU, Milne Bay Province (+675) 641 0588
http://www.pngmc.ac.pg -- PNG Maritime College
http://www.dg.com.pg/Che/index.htm -- Commission for Further / Higher Eduction
http://www.ibs.com.pg -- International Business Institute
http://www.iea.ac.pg -- International Education Agency
http://www.pngimr.org.pg -- PNG Institute of Medical Research
http://www.unitech.ac.pg -- PNG University of Technology
http://www.uog.ac.pg -- University of Goroka
http://www.upng.ac.pg -- University of PNG
http://www.workersmutual.com.pg -- Computer Training
Please also have a look at http://www.egroups.com/list/marinenetpng
Unchecked Links
Logging or conservation on Woodlark (Muyuw) island
http://www.ulb.ac.be/soco/apft/GENERAL/PUBLICAT/RAPPORTS/YOUNG.HTM
OkTedi Mine Operations -- http://www.oktedi.com/operations/operations.htm
The National Museum of Papua New Guinea
http://www.pacificwrecks.com/provinces/png_museum.html
IATA Codes for PNG Airstrips
http://www.logistikinfo.de/Logistikforum/Flughafencodes/codes/papua_new _guinea.htm
C47 Flying Dutchman -- http://www.pacificwrecks.com/provinces/png_obree.html
Cancer Centre
Following indications of support from key agencies in South Korea and the World Health Organisation (WHO) it is hoped that PNG will soon have a cancer treatment facility. The old cobalt radiotherapy machine at Lae's Angau Hospital served the nation from 1960 to 2000 but replacement has not been found yet due to funding difficulties.
The hospital on the hill just behind the Port Moresby General hospital built by the then Motor Vehicle Insurance Trust still sits vacant after many years. This is possibly one asset that the government could sell off but as time goes by other private hospitals are being set up and the opportunity is rapidly vanishing.
Dregerhafen School
Sir Michael Somare has given K30,000 to his old school - Dregerhafen High School. The money will be used for the school library and on other developments to school facilities that are generally run down and in very poor condition.
Squash Championships
The Port Moresby Squash Club will hold its annual championships between the 14th and 15th of March 2003 at the Port Moresby Squash Club courts.
Bavaroko
Bavaroko Primary School in Port Moresby is set to reopen after being closed for three weeks due to the toilet facilities not working correctly. The school caters for more than 2000 students who have had an extended Christmas holiday.
Henganofi
MP, Dr Banare Bun, has told parliament that in the last eight to ten years 20 children at Henganofi in the Eastern Highlands province have died from measles because there was no vehicle to facilitate an immunisation program in the district. Dr Bun went on to tell parliament that the health centre at Henganofi has not been able to carry out immunisation programs for measles, polio, tetanus, whooping cough, diphtheria and hepatitis.
Strontium 90 Tests
Reports by the Australian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) show that 171 Papua New Guineans were part of the Australian government backed nuclear fallout secret research program from 1957-1978. The program was for the testing of Strontium 90.
Ex government minister Dr John Waiko is teaming up with a German company to investigate the possibility of setting up a recycling plants in Lae and Port Moresby. The plants would be used to reduce domestic waste by processing and shipping it overseas to be reprocessed into valuable products.
Rotary Against Malaria (RAM) has been around for about six years and is the brainchild of the Port Moresby Rotary Club. The main aim of the project is to distribute mosquito nets around the country as well as educate people about the benefits of sleeping under a mosquito net. The nets are treated with Deltamethrin that is reported as being harmless to people but deadly to mosquitoes. The treated nets last about one year and need to be treated each year. The chemical comes in a soluble tablet that makes retreating the nets very easy.
Malaysian High Commission
After discussions at Prime Ministerial level it has been announced that PNG will reopen its High Commission in Malaysia.
PNG Citizenship
The citizenship advisory committee has not met since 1997. It is hoped that they will meet soon to clear the five-year backlog of applications for citizenship. The citizenship advisory committee part of the Foreign Affairs and Immigration Department has not had the necessary funds to produce certificates for successful applicants and hold presentation ceremonies.
Supplementary Elections
Security, for the coming supplementary elections in the Southern Highlands, will be beefed up to include over 2,000 security personal. Mobile police squads from around PNG as well as members of the Correctional Institute Service and the Defence Force will be engaged in keeping the peace during the elections.
Jail Breakout
Eight prisoners managed to breakout out of Buimo Jail near Lae after a church service on Sunday. One prisoner is dead and another is in a critical condition at the Angau Memorial Hospital after prison guards gave chase towards the Bumbu River.
Mobil Kwik Shops
The seven shops seen at Mobil outlets in Port Moresby have had to close due to mounting losses. Steamships have had to close down all its retails outlets at Mobil service stations in the nation's capital. The outlets operated under the name of Kwikshop. Lifu Holdings Limited continues to operate the fuel side of the Mobil business. It is hoped that Mobil can find someone else to operate the shops.
The decision has been made by Steamships and is not related to the independent decision made by Mobil to cease the supply of fuel to the Highlands region of PNG..
The Government is finalising moves to engage a former army chief as a special security advisor for more than K200,000 a year. The role, if approved, would be seen as duplicating the existing roles of members of the National Security Advisory Council (NSAC).
PNGBC Inquiry
The Inquiry of Commission into the sale of the PNGBC to the Bank South Pacific (BSP) has heard about how two directors of the Public Officers Superannuation Fund (POSF) had signed a blank application form for the placement of shares from BSP. The form was completed later to include POSF as the buyer of more than four millions shares in BSP.
The Value Added Tax (VAT) bill will be amended and changed to be a Goods and Services Tax. It will include amendments proposed by the Morobe Governor, Luther Wenge that allows the provinces to keep 80 percent of the money collected. Currently the provinces keep percent of the VAT. The National Government will still collect VAT on imports and exports.
UPNG's Open Campuses
People who have been unsuccessful at their attempts for university studies have the chance of securing a place at a university through University of PNG's (UPNG) open campuses. Studies conducted by UPNG have shown that anything as high as 25 percent of students attending university failed their courses due to insufficient knowledge gained during their studies in Grade 11 and 12. The open campus will provide a course similar to a preliminary year at Uni. The course will consist of four core subjects, literacy, numeracy, development and civic studies and life skills. Why is the education system failing to teach these students the necessary skills in the first place?
The National Government is not aware yet of the flood and landslide-affected plight of Angalimp-South Wahgi people in Western Highlands.
Their MP Paul Wai has raised the concern in Parliament, indicating that neither the Western Highlands Provincial Government nor the National Government had taken the trouble to look into the matter.
Mr Wai said media reports had shown that a major flood and landslide in his electorate had destroyed food gardens, coffee gardens and killed livestock as well as washed away a coffee factory worth thousands of kina.
Tambul Temperature
The regular temperature at Tambul, Western Highlands normally hangs around 15 degrees Celsius but it has been known to drop to temperatures below zero. When this happens you can hear the crying of people as they discover their food gardens have been destroyed by frost. Frost has been experienced in 1972, 1982 and 1997. The last severe frost in Tambul was October 2002 when the temperature dropped to minus 0.18 degrees Celsius.
Madang Evictions
The atmosphere is not so tense in the town of Madang since the Prime Minister, Sir Michael Somare, intervened in police gearing up to evict settlers from land that is not theirs. The Madang Provincial Government had appealed to the illegal settlers in town to pack up and leave or face the consequences of a forced eviction by police. The illegal settlers have had plenty of warning with the exercise commencing on 6th of December 2002.
More than a thousand villagers from Yabob and Amele villages located along the highway that links Madang to Lae and the Highlands have said that they support the Madang Government's eviction exercise.
Madang Cruiser
The Seven Seas Mariner cruise liner dropped into Madang recently with 250 passengers eager to see what Madang had to offer. Another 100 tourists arrived on the MS Deutschland. The visitors paid visits to the museum at the Madang Visitors and Cultural Bureau, the market and Bilbil village. Many of the visitors also attended a singsing at Forum Park hosted by a local hotel. Several of them were lucky enough to have enough time to fly to Goroka and see the world famous mudmen before heading back to the ship.
Fake Claims
The Inter-Government Relations Minister, Sir Peter Barter, has told Parliament that fake claims by 2002 election workers for allowances had amounted to more than K16 million when the actual amount was far less than that. Sir Peter gave an example of the Southern Highlands where the initial claim was for K1.2 million and this was later slashed to about K430,000.
AIDS Law
The National Executive Council has directed the First Legislative Counsel to draft legislation that will substantially improve the management of the related conditions and protect people. It will provide for voluntary, informed consent for HIV testing with pre-test counselling and post test support.
Gumine MP, Nick Kuman, has quoted the wage bill for Air Niugini as K40 million in wages annually. Much of this bill goes towards the wages of non-national workers. It was also reported that the ex-CEO (chief executive officer) earned around $A1,000 per day before he left last year.
Manu Autoport
A fire has destroyed a Chinese-owned store and sleeping quarters near Manu Autoport in the Port Moresby suburb of Korobosea. An anonymous witness said before the fire started a vehicle was spotted in the area and an occupant allegedly threw a burning object into the building.
The Kina has gained a bit of ground against other currencies. The most recent rates show the Kina buying between 26.5 and 27 US Cents and between 43 to 44 Australian Cents.
Australia - AUD = 0.4380
United States - USD = 0.2700
New Zealand - NZD = 0.4783
Canada - CAD = 0.3977
Euro - EUR = 0.2459
Fiji - FJD = 0.5274
Hong Kong - HKD = 2.1055
Japan - JPY = 31.65
Singapore - SGD = 0.4682
United Kingdom - GBP = 0.1701
Thailand - THB = 11.4485
for daily rates please visit http://www.pngbd.com/finance/
The 44-kilometre stretch of road from Vanimo to Wutung in the West Sepik Province is going to be sealed after years of neglect. The road is also known as the border highway as it goes between Vanimo and the PNG Border with Papua in Indonesia.
Koiari Landowners
The Koiari landowners in the Central province have given the National Government seven days to honour its commitment of K2.7 million towards the operations of their business arm, Koiari Holdings Limited. If the payment is not made within the agreed time frame, the people will march to the Prime Minister's office in Waigani with their demand. The Koairis own the land where the dam for Port Moresby water supply is located.
Tourism Minister
Alois Kingsley, the Minister for Tourism, has been charged with assault, possession of a gun while under the influence of liquor, wilful damage and threatening to shoot after an incident that occurred at the PRL ground last year. Kingsley, the Member for Madang Open, was charged and later freed on bail, which was believed to have been K100.
The National Online Newspaper-- http://www.thenational.com.pg
PNG Tok Pisin Network-- http://www.tokpisin.net
If a friend has given or sent you a copy of this newsletter and you would like to keep receiving free copies then please visit ../news/index.html for instructions on how to join the list.
If you think you have a PNG page worth mentioning then please click here.
To send a message for submission to the PNG Gossip Newsletter queue then please click here.
I have received the following from Bob Hauser
> I've worked with the Titan in Manus and have written a "Draft Titan Spelling
> Guide". Could you change the spelling for the two phrases...
> > The End -- Kene Pwen
> kine pwen "the end; finished; it's over"
> > That's All -- Dro Titan
> ndro titan "only that; just that; that's all"
> The meanings you have are good and so is capitalizing each word.
> Kine pwen.
For other ways of saying the end please pay a visit to http://pnggossip.com/emtasol
If you can add to this list then please click here.
Created 6 Mar 2003
Updated 6 Mar 2003
©2003 - 2009 Gia Man


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We offer personal service, skill and craftsmanship. Repairing and maintaining chimneys has been our family trade for a 100 years.
Working on roofs can be hazardous, which is why we are fully licensed and insured. This means that you are protected from liability in the event one of our workers is injured.
In addition to chimney and fireplace repair services, we also offer chimney sweeping, chimney waterproofing, and much more. We believe that proper chimney maintenance can save homeowners from paying for costly repairs. We offer services at competitive prices. When you work with us, there's no reason why we can't find a way to make chimney cleaning and other services affordable for your budget.
We offer chimney services to Grand Rapids and all of the surrounding West Michigan area. If you are interested in scheduling your free estimate, give us a call at (616) 949-7722. We look forward to the opportunity to earn your business.


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Bye Bye Mailbox!
The mailbox mobile app has officially announced its retirement. Once an extremely popular mobile email client Mailbox will no longer be seen on Android & iOS stores & smartphones after February 2016. No surprises! Dropbox, the parent company of Mailbox app, was never an email collaboration company. They bought an amazing Mailbox for a 100 million dollars amount. And now they have decided to focus more on dropbox's file-interaction services than maintaining mobile email apps.
The 'earlier' Mailbox was a great success and it inspired all email services including Gmail & Yahoo! Mail to think out of the box. But once Dropbox got hold of this – things went awry. The app development stalled and stayed what it was at first. The app started losing the power once it was known for. While on the other hands, competitive email apps grew better than this.
Mailbox users are receiving emails regarding this notice. Here is the email I received on Tuesday.
Hello Gaurav,
It's with heavy hearts that we let you know Mailbox will shut down on February 26, 2016.
Mailbox ignited a shift in mobile email and many of its innovations are now ubiquitous across the industry. It's been a great journey, and we're proud of this impact and grateful to the community that helped make it possible.
When the Mailbox team joined Dropbox in 2013, we shared a passion for simplifying the way people work together. And solving the email problem seemed like a strong complement to the challenges Dropbox was already tackling.
But as we've increased our focus on collaboration, we realized there's only so much an email app can do to fundamentally improve email. We've come to believe that the best way for us to improve people's productivity going forward is to streamline the workflows that generate so much email in the first place.
We know saying goodbye to Mailbox will be hard for many. To help make the transition to a new email client easier, we've created guides and export tools. For more information about how we'll be winding down Mailbox, please visit theMailbox website.
Thank you to everyone who helped bring Mailbox to life, whether by spreading the word, letting us know what you liked (and didn't like), or simply using the product. You taught us so much, and we're deeply grateful.
—The Mailbox Team
As once-a-user I feel sorry about Mailbox, but it no longer matters. It had to go someday and that date is February 26th, 2016.
Gaurav Tiwari › Tech › Android › Bye Bye Mailbox!
Tagged: Dropbox
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


These Vietnamese-style sandwiches offer a break from the basic. Bánh mì are loaded with with culturally inspired flavors, like lemongrass chicken topped with pickled carrots and daikon radishes, inside a warm, crusty baguette. Prepare to brush off the crumbs and hear some loud crunching at these spots both in Uptown's "Little Vietnam" off Argyle Street and beyond.
This hand-held creation reigns supreme on many best bánh mì lists, and for good reason. Well-balanced flavors and fresh ingredients are inexpensive at both modern and bright quick-serve locations.
This community cafe is led by the team behind Haisous, the acclaimed Vietnamese kitchen right next door. During the day, stop by for Vietnamese coffee and freshly made bánh mì. Each is served with pickled papaya, Vietnamese herbs, cucumber, chili sauce, chicken pâté and your choice of protein (think roasted pork, chicken, grilled beef, or all three).
Two options for dining: the colorful and new Belmont Avenue storefront or the original Lawrence Avenue institution. Regardless of location, both feature fresh bread from Nhu Lan bakery, rock-bottom prices and the oft-raved about Lemongrass Tofu option so it's a win-win.
Adding an Asian bbq spin on the traditional bánh mì, this fusion hotspot brings Korean-style flavors to the forefront including a Sesame-Chili Aioli and spicy Gochujang Marinade.
With six Chicago locations, there's no shortage of ways to get your bánh mì fix. Pair the signature sammie with either a hot soup or tasty drink, perhaps the Vietnamese iced coffee or lychee lemonade, for a filling meal that won't break the bank.
A warm, industrial space at this full-service sit-down under the 'L' is the offshoot of the ever-popular booth at the French Market in Ogilvie train station. Enjoy a simple sandwich, explore Vietnamese cuisine more fully with playful takes on the traditional or go global with their other upscale offerings.
Browse for even more Chicago restaurants and foodie stops on ChooseChicago.com and get the inside scoop from our Chicago Like A Local dining blog.


Appeal from the Circuit Court for Orange County, Mark S. Blechman, Judge.
Felix Castro, Mayo, pro se.
Felix Castro appeals the summary denial of his Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.850 motion for postconviction relief. Castro raised eight grounds for relief in his motion. We affirm, without further discussion, the postconviction court's denial of Grounds One through Seven. As to Ground Eight, for the reasons explained below, we reverse for the lower court to either hold an evidentiary hearing or attach additional court records to its order to conclusively refute this claim.
Castro was convicted after trial of trafficking in hydrocodone in excess of twenty-eight grams. Construing the trial evidence in the light most favorable to the State, a confidential informant working under the direct supervision of the Drug Enforcement Agency purchased 2000 hydrocodone pills from Castro at a prearranged meeting in the parking lot of a tattoo parlor for the sum of $4000. In Ground Eight of his motion, Castro alleged that his trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance because he did not call Castro's wife to testify at trial as an alibi witness. Castro states that he was prejudiced by counsel's failure because his wife was available and willing to testify at trial and, if called, would have said that she was with Castro on both the day the drug transaction was negotiated and then on the day that it was consummated and that Castro was not present for either event, as she and Castro "never left each other's company." Castro averred that if trial counsel had called his wife to testify, the jury "would have found her to be more credible than the paid felon [confidential] informant who (testified against Castro and) was being compensated for his role in [Castro's] arrest, " and the jury would have found him not guilty.
THE COURT: Mr. Castro, I ask every defendant at this point in time: Are you satisfied with the services that you received from [trial counsel]?
THE COURT: Is there anything that you told him to do and he didn't do?
In the denial order, the court found that this dialogue sufficiently "refute[d] [Castro's] claim that he wanted counsel to call his wife as an alibi witness."


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text:
CC Discovery
Collective agreement: Ryanair and Ver.di approach in the Collective dispute to
Teodora Torrendo
The Irish low cost airline Ryanair has ver according to its own information with the Union.di in collective bargaining for its German cabin staff agreed. Ryanair said it had signed a collective agreement, Ver.di spoke, however, of a preliminary agreement
In the agreement, Ryanair recognise the validity of the German labour law for all stationed in Germany flight attendants and companions, and promise wage increases in the next two years, as the company announced. The Union members must now vote on the collective bargaining agreement.
parts of the cabin staff had last completed in September in several European countries – also in Germany – the work. Ver.di had justified the strike with the view of the insufficient offer of Ryanair's. The Union wanted to clearly define the higher income in a collective bargaining agreement and work requested conditions in accordance with German law.
The strike had hit in Germany, especially the Berlin Schönefeld airport. 52 of 92 take-offs and landings had to be deleted. In the case of a previous strike wave of similar Dimension in August, Ryanair, Europe had taken about 400 flights to and from the program daily more than 2,400 Compounds. In Germany at that time, 150 flights had been canceled.
had Apparently announced as a response to the strike, the company in October to close the plant in Bremen and to reduce the size of the fleet in Weeze in North Rhine-Westphalia.
Ryanair is the largest low-cost airline in Europe. The machine to fly more than 200 airports in 40 countries and operate from 86 bases in Europe and North Africa. The highly profitable company employs according to their own figures, almost 15,000 people. In the financial year 2017/2018, the company made at 7.15 billion euros in sales, a profit of 1.45 billion euros.
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Teodora Torrendo is an investigative journalist and is a correspondent for European Union. She is based in Zurich in Switzerland and her field of work include covering human rights violations which take place in the various countries in and outside Europe. She also reports about the political situation in European Union. She has worked with some reputed companies in Europe and is currently contributing to USA News as a freelance journalist. As someone who has a Masters' degree in Human Rights she also delivers lectures on Intercultural Management to students of Human Rights. She is also an authority on the Arab world politics and their diversity.
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Adam Herbert Dickey (June 26, 1864 - February 8, 1925), best known as Adam H. Dickey was a Christian Scientist and private secretary to Mary Baker Eddy.
Dickey was born in Toronto, Canada. He was a Methodist but converted to Christian Science in the early 1880s.
He was private secretary to Mary Baker Eddy during the last three years of her life. On August 25, 1908 Eddy asked Dickey "will you promise me that you will write a history of what has transpired in your experiences with me, and say that I was mentally murdered?". Dickey kept his promise and authored Memoirs of Mary Baker Eddy, which documents her battle against "malicious animal magnetism". He reported that in her last years, Eddy turned her house into a mental fortress. She employed loyal mental watchers to try and counteract her enemies evil thoughts.
Eddy made Dickey a director of the Mother Church on November 21, 1910. This was her last official communication to any of her Church officers.
Dickey's Memoirs was published posthumously with the permission of his widow Lillian S. Dickey in 1927. It was suppressed by the Mother Church. According to historian R. Laurence Moore "Christian Science officials, eager to be rid of their association with demonology after Eddy's death, suppressed Dickey's book, and it is not easy now to find a copy. However, the story that it tells is consistent with everything one knows about Eddy's final years."
^ Proceedings of the Bostonian Society. Annual Meeting, January 19, 1926.
Ernest Sutherland Bates, John Valentine Dittemore. (1932). Mary Baker Eddy: The Truth and the Tradition. A. A. Knopf.
Nancy Niblack Baxter. (2005). Mr. Dickey: Secretary to Mary Baker Eddy. Hawthorne Publishing.


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text:
Q: Excel formula to return value from grid I have some data that looks something like this
A B C D E F G
B C D E F G A
C D E F G A B
D E F G A B C
E F G A B C D
F G A B C D E
G A B C D E F

In addition, I have a piece of data that looks like this:
A
B

What I need to lookup is the row header for the row where the top value resides, when the column header is the bottom value. For instance, in this example, I would look in the first row to find B, then I would look down the column until I found A, then I would look at the row header to return G
 A  (B) C D E F G
 B   C  D E F G A
 C   D  E F G A B
 D   E  F G A B C
 E   F  G A B C D
 F   G  A B C D E
(G) (A) B C D E F

I've tried using HLOOKUP, INDEX, MATCH, etc., but I keep running into a roadblock when I need to provide an array for the whole column.
Here's one such example of the syntax that's giving me errors:
=CONCAT(address(8,1):address(12,1))

I can't have the : between my two cell addresses.
Any ideas?

A: I'm sure there are more elegant ways to do this, but here's a quick and dirty solution.

I stuck your grid in an arbitrary location (B2:H8).  J2 and J3 are your lookup values and the result is in J4.  What is in column L is components of the answer for the purposes of explanation because the formula gets long.
The first piece is in L3, finding the B target in the top row:
=MATCH(J3,B2:H2,0)

It finds the target B in column 2 of the array, and this is used in the next step of finding A in that column.  L2 contains:
=MATCH(J2,OFFSET(B2,0,L3-1,7,1),0)

OFFSET is anchored to the top left corner of the array (B2).  The column that B was found in was the second column of the array, but that is an offset of 1 from the first column, hence the -1 (I love it when I get to use "hence" in a sentence).  OFFSET lets you specify a range using height and width parameters.  The 7 is the array height in this example.
MATCH finds the target A in row 7 of that column of the array.
Now you just need to go to that row of the first column of the array:
=INDEX(B2:B8,L2,0)

There, you find your answer: G
You can substitute the component formulas for the components to get a self-contained, stand-alone formula:
=INDEX(B2:B8,MATCH(J2,OFFSET(B2,0,MATCH(J3,B2:H2,0)-1,7,1),0),0)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Comin' Through wins Doomben Cup
Image: Darren Winningham
Comin' Through will go for a spell with the spring in mind following his G1 Doomben Cup win
Chris Waller celebrated his induction into the Australian Racing Hall of Fame with the quinella in the Group One Doomben Cup on Saturday.
Waller brought up his 82nd Group One win and his 11th this season when Comin' Through ($9) scored by a short neck to stablemate Egg Tart ($15).
Ambitious ($9.50) finished 1-1/4 lengths away third.
Waller made the trip to Brisbane after attending the Hall of Fame function in Sydney on Friday night and said it was the perfect way to celebrate the honour.
"I suppose I am living the dream. But a lot of hard work from a lot of people go into the success of the stable and winning Group One races is a reward for everyone," Waller said.
He said the stable had earmarked Comin' Through as future Group One winner but a gelding operation has been the making of the horse.
"Credit to his owner Sir Owen Glenn because he didn't hesitate when I suggested gelded the horse. It was a big decision because he is very well bred," Waller said.
Walker, who brought up his third Group One winner of the season, said he was never confident at any stage as the horse never travelled.
"I am just pleased he got there in the end for Chris because he's very easy to ride for and gave me no instructions which gives the jockeys a lot of confidence," Walker said.
Comin' Through will go for a spell with the spring in mind but Egg Tart will probably continue on in Brisbane.
"Today was the first time she got out to a distance near the one she won the Queensland Oaks," he said.
"I might give her a chance in the Brisbane Cup or something if the connections want to press on," Waller said.
Leith Innes who rode Egg Tart said the mare got left in front too soon and the winner was too strong.
Craig Williams who rode Ambitious said the horse was a work in progress.
"He is a real Jekyll and Hyde to ride but on the line he was as strong as anything," Williams said.
Tags: Brisbane Cup, Doomben Cup, featured


text:
Schönborn ist eine Gemeinde im brandenburgischen Landkreis Elbe-Elster. Sie ist Verwaltungssitz des Amtes Elsterland und befindet sich im Naturpark Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft.

Gemeindegliederung
Die südwestlich der Stadt Doberlug-Kirchhain liegende Gemeinde hat folgende Ortsteile:
 Gruhno (107 Einwohner, 5,2 km² Fläche)
 Lindena (343 Einwohner, 7,0 km² Fläche)
 Schadewitz (109 Einwohner, 13,8 km² Fläche)
 Schönborn (973 Einwohner, 12,5 km² Fläche)

Einwohner- und Flächenangaben: Stand 2020

Hinzu kommen die Wohnplätze Bad Erna, Eichwald und Hammermühle.

Geschichte
Die erste urkundliche Erwähnung des Ortes erfolgte im Jahr 1234.

Dietrich von Landsberg hatte als Markgraf der Lausitz 1165 das Zisterzienserkloster Dobrilugk gestiftet, mit der Absicht, den Landesausbau in der dortigen Region zu forcieren. Die in Dobrilugk anrückenden 15 Mönche kamen aus dem Mutterkloster Volkenroda in Thüringen.

Da das Kloster von den Wettinschen Landesherren reichlich mit Landbesitz ausgestattet wurde, sahen sich die Mönche außerstande, diesen allein wirtschaftlich zu erschließen. Deshalb riefen sie deutsche Bauern in ihr Klostergebiet und gründeten mit den Kolonisten die Dörfer Kyrkhagen (Kirchhain), Witheroldeshagen (Werenzhain), Heinrikesdorp (Hennersdorf), Luge (Lugau), Vishwazer (Fischwasser), Lindenowe (Lindena) und Schonenburn (Schönborn).

Bereits die Lautgestalt einiger Ortsnamen deutet auf die Herkunft der Kolonisten, auf den niederdeutschen Raum, auf die Region des Niederrheins. Aber auch aus dem Mitteldeutschen, besonders dem Oberfränkischen, kamen Siedler in diese Region. Dafür sprechen die Ortsnamen wie Frankena und Frankenhain.

Mit der planmäßigen Aufsiedlung seines Kerngebietes wurde das Kloster Dobrilugk zu einem Kristallisationspunkt für die weitere Erschließung des Kirchhainer–Finsterwaldaer–Beckens. Wie die Zisterziensermönche riefen in einer späteren Ausbauphase kleine Adlige abermals deutsche Siedler in den westlichen Zipfel der Niederlausitz und gründeten ebenfalls neue Siedlungen, die kranzförmig um das Klostergebiet angelegt wurden und im 13./14. Jahrhundert vom Kloster Dobrilugk durch Kauf, Tausch oder Schenkung erworben wurden.

Klosterdorf Schönborn

Obwohl das Klosterdorf Schönborn erst 1234 urkundlich erwähnt wurde, dürfte es um 1200 von niederdeutschen Kolonisten (wahrscheinlich von Flamen) angelegt worden sein, und zwar an einer lebensnotwendigen Wasserstelle, einem Bach, dem späteren Mühlgraben. Der historische Ortskern befindet sich im Unterdorf.

Die aus "wilder Wurzel" entstandene Siedlung war unter der Leitung der Zisterzienser oder eines von ihnen beauftragten Lokators planmäßig als Großform, als ein zweireihiges Wegedorf angelegt worden. In ihrer OSO–WNW – Ausdehnung orientierte sich die wachsende Siedlung an dem bereits erwähnten Bach als natürliche Leitlinie.

Das Unterdorf weist ebenso Merkmale eines Angerdorfes auf. Der auf der Dorfaue sprudelnde "Schonenburn" (seit 1935 Wasserwerk) gab dem Ort seinen Namen (1234 Schonenburn, 1275 Schonenburne, 1373 Schonenborne, 1515 Schonborne).

Bereits am Beginn der Neuzeit (vor 1544) präsentierte sich Schönborn als ein großes Dorf, das sich mit 29 Hüfnern und 20 Gärtnern (kleinere Bauern) schon ins Oberdorf erstreckte. Für die Größe des Ortes sprach auch die Existenz von drei Wassermühlen (um 1600).

Im Zuge der Reformation gerieten ab 1541 mit der Säkularisation des Dobrilugker Klosters die Schönborner Klosteruntertanen in die Hand weltlicher Grundherren, gehörten sie zur Pfandherrschaft Dobrilugk, danach zur Herrschaft Dobrilugk und zum sächsischen Amt Dobrilugk und von 1818 bis 1874 zum preußischen Rentamt Dobrilugk.

Entwicklung zum Industriedorf
Wie viele Dörfer der Niederlausitz blieb Schönborn bis in die 2. Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts ein ausschließlich agrarisch geprägter Ort, dessen Bewohner in der Mehrzahl ein kümmerliches Dasein fristeten.

Einen wirtschaftlichen Aufschwung erlebte Schönborn erst am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts mit dem Expandieren des Braunkohlenbergbaus am Buchbornberg. Etwa 100 Meter oberhalb der Schönborner Waldbühne trat vor etwa 160 Jahren ein Ausgehende des zweiten Lausitzer Braunkohlenflözes zu Tage, das kostengünstig mit einfachen Mitteln abgebaut werden konnte.

Der Schatz vom Buchbornberg prägte maßgeblich die Geschichte und Entwicklung von Schönborn. Die von Tuchfabrikanten, Ziegeleien, Brauereien und Schnapsbrennereien begehrte Rohbraunkohle begann die Gemeinde mit dem Steiger Merkel im Sommer 1847 abzubauen. Im Oktober 1847 sicherte sich eine Bergbaugesellschaft mit einem Vertrag die Abbaurechte am Buchbornberg.

Die Grube bei Schönborn gilt als älteste Braunkohlengrube der Region (der Altkreise Luckau und Liebenwerda), nicht der Niederlausitz. Der Kleinbetrieb baute mit drei bis fünf Beschäftigten in einer flachen Mulde im Tagebau mit Hacke, Schaufel und Holzkarre die Kohle ab. (Ermöglicht durch die geringe Mächtigkeit des Deckgebirges von etwa zwei Metern).

1851 hatte der Finsterwalder Tuchfabrikant Moritz Seydel, zuletzt Sprecher der Bergbaugesellschaft, von dieser das Bergwerk aufgekauft.

Das Bergamt legte 1852 den Grubenbetrieb still infolge eines Rechtsstreites und einer nicht vorhandenen Betriebsgenehmigung. Erst 1857 nahm eine neue Bergbaugesellschaft (Faktor Knauer aus Gröbers und Genossen) den Grubenbetrieb wieder auf unter dem Firmennamen Grube Pauline bei Schönborn, die bis 1908 fortbestand.

Der Kleinbetrieb baute vorerst mit zehn Beschäftigten die Kohle sowohl im Tage- als auch im Tiefbau (ab 1859 im Pfeilerbruchbau) ab.

Die Mächtigkeit des Deckgebirges bestimmte die Art des Abbaues. (Ab Mitte der 1880er Jahre nur noch im Tiefbau). Der enorme Bedarf an Kohle in den Haushalten und der Industrie ließ Ende der 1880er Jahre den Grubenbetrieb expandieren, so dass die "Pauline" sich in den 1890er Jahren zu einer leistungsfähigen Bergwerksanlage entwickelte, insbesondere durch folgende Inbetriebnahmen:

 Brikettfabrik (April 1882), erste in der Region
 Fahr- und Förderschacht "Margarethe", auf 41,1 m abgeteufter und damit tiefster Schacht der Region (1889)
 Dynamomaschine zur Erzeugung von elektrischem Strom (1889)
 übertägige doppelgleisige Kettenbahn (1889)
 untertägige doppelgleisige Kettenbahn (1892)
 zweiter Fahr- und Förderschacht "Glückauf" (1901–1905)
 Hochseilbahn (1901–1905)
 Förderschacht in der Nähe der Brikettfabrik (1905)

Die Zahl der Beschäftigten stieg von etwa 30 (1883) auf 126 (1889), schließlich auf 140. In der Brikettfabrik arbeiteten davon 52 mehrschichtig, darunter acht Frauen. 1908 ging die Grube "Pauline" in Konkurs, da ihr Abbaufeld ausgekohlt war. Mit dem Abbaufeld Eichwald lebte die Grube "Pauline" mit etwa 80 Beschäftigten noch einmal auf als "Rückersdorfer Kohlenwerke GmbH" mit Sitz in Dresden.

Die günstige Lage der Grube "Pauline" bewog 1899 den Unternehmer Ernst Jähde seine Glasfabrik "Johannahütte" mit 100 Beschäftigten in der Nachbarschaft des Bergwerkes anzulegen. Mit mundgeblasenen Gläsern für Petroleum-, Gas- und Karbidlampen erlangte die Schönborner Glasfabrik bald Weltgeltung, so dass am Vorabend des Ersten Weltkrieges die Belegschaft auf nahezu 200 Beschäftigte angewachsen war.

Der ständige Zuzug von Arbeitern und deren Familien sowie eine hohe Geburtenrate bewirkten um 1900 eine wahre Bevölkerungsexplosion in Schönborn, so dass der Niederlausitzer Anzeiger am 17. Juni 1904 Schönborn "…als einen bedeutenden Industrieplatz des Kreises Luckau" charakterisierte. Heute künden nur wenige Spuren von dem einstigen Schönborner Bergbau.

Im Glaswerk, das zu DDR- Zeiten Bleikristallprodukte bester Qualität in viele Länder der Welt lieferte, produziert heute das Unternehmen Sovitec Glasperlen GmbH mit 17 Arbeitskräften hochwertige Glasperlen mit einem Durchmesser von 0,5–2,5 mm, die vornehmlich zur Straßenmarkierung verwendet werden.

Die Retroreflexion dieser Glasperlen ermöglicht eine gute Sichtbarkeit der Markierungen auch bei Nacht. Ein Gemisch der Perlen mit Glasgranulat verbessert nicht nur die Griffigkeit, sondern erhöht auch die Lebensdauer der Applikationen auf der Fahrbahn.

Wie einst die Glasfabrik "Johannahütte" ihre Produkte in alle Welt versandte, liefert das Werk Sovitec Glasperlen nach Spanien, Belgien, Frankreich, Dänemark und in die USA.

Verwaltungsgeschichte
Die heutigen Ortsteile der Gemeinde gehörten seit 1816 zum Kreis Luckau und ab 1952 zum Kreis Finsterwalde im DDR-Bezirk Cottbus. Seit 1993 liegen sie im brandenburgischen Landkreis Elbe-Elster. Am 27. September 1998 erfolgte der Zusammenschluss der bis dahin selbstständigen Gemeinden Gruhno, Lindena, Schadewitz und Schönborn zur Gemeinde Schönborn.

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Gebietsstand des jeweiligen Jahres, Einwohnerzahl: Stand 31. Dezember (ab 1991), ab 2011 auf Basis des Zensus 2011

Die Zunahme der Einwohnerzahl 2000 ist auf den Zusammenschluss von Gruhno, Lindena, Schadewitz und Schönborn zur neuen Gemeinde Schönborn im Jahr 1998 zurückzuführen.

Politik

Gemeindevertretung
Die Gemeindevertretung von Schönborn besteht aus 12 Gemeindevertretern und dem ehrenamtlichen Bürgermeister. Die Kommunalwahl am 26. Mai 2019 führte zu folgendem Ergebnis:

Bürgermeister
 1998–2003: Heinz-Jürgen Zahn
 2003–2008: Dieter Richter
 seit 2008: Daniel Mende (Unabhängige Wählergemeinschaft Schönborn)

Mende wurde in der Bürgermeisterwahl am 26. Mai 2019 ohne Gegenkandidat mit 95,3 % der gültigen Stimmen für eine weitere Amtszeit von fünf Jahren gewählt.

Wappen
Das Wappen wurde am 1. Juni 1994 genehmigt.

Blasonierung: "In Blau ein gemauerter silberner Brunnen mit Fontäne, über dem aus dem oberen Schildrand eine goldene Sonne hervorbricht."

Sehenswürdigkeiten
In der Liste der Baudenkmale in Schönborn (Niederlausitz) und in der Liste der Bodendenkmale in Schönborn (Niederlausitz) stehen die in der Denkmalliste des Landes Brandenburg eingetragenen Denkmäler.

Dorfkirche Schönborn
Als einen bemerkenswerten spätromanischen/frühgotischen Backsteinbau würdigen die Kunsthistoriker die Schönborner Kirche, die sie auf das 2. Viertel des 13. Jahrhunderts datieren. Einige Gemeinsamkeiten mit der Klosterkirche von Doberlug (Baumaterial, Entstehungszeit, künstlerische Details) sprechen dafür, dass die Dobrilugker Mönche einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die architektonische Gestaltung unserer Dorfkirche ausgeübt haben. Zu ihren sehenswerten Kleinodien zählen eine Einbaumtruhe aus Eichenholz (auf 1196 ± 10 datiert), ein spätgotischer Flügelaltar (1513), ein spätgotisches hölzernes Sakramenthäuschen, eine barocke Sandsteinkanzel (1655) und eine barocke Holzfigur eines schwebenden Taufengels (18. Jh.).

Mahnen und Gedenken
Mit einer Gedenktafel an der Schönborner Kirche wird ein während der Einigungskriege 1866 gefallener Schönborner Einwohner geehrt.

Ein Gefallenendenkmal befindet sich unmittelbar neben der Kirche in Form einer Stele auf einem vierstufigen Sockel. Über den Namen der im Ersten Weltkrieg 44 gefallenen Schönborner Einwohner befindet sich folgende Inschrift am Denkmal: "Unseren gefallenen Helden 1914-18"

Verkehr

Straßenverkehr
Durch Schönborn führt die Landesstraße 60 von Falkenberg/Elster nach Finsterwalde. Die Ortsteile Gruhno und Schadewitz liegen an der L 653 zwischen Bad Liebenwerda und Rückersdorf, der Ortsteil Lindenau ist über die Kreisstraße 6222 auch von Doberlug-Kirchhain aus erreichbar.

Schienenverkehr
Der Haltepunkt Schönborn (b Doberlug) an der Bahnstrecke Halle–Cottbus wird von der Regionalbahnlinie RB 43 Falkenberg (Elster)–Cottbus bedient.

Busverkehr
Die PlusBus-Linie 560 hält an neun Haltestellen im Gemeindegebiet und stellt eine Verbindung unter anderem nach Bad Liebenwerda und Finsterwalde her.

Persönlichkeiten
 Ernst Jähde (1860–1923), Gründer des Glaswerkes "Johannahütte", Unternehmer und Erfinder
 Rudolf Lencer (1901–1945), nationalsozialistischer Funktionär, in Schönborn geboren
 Kraft Bumbel (1926–1997), Botschafter der DDR in Sri Lanka und Afghanistan, in Schönborn geboren
 Hans Bräuer (1940–1993), Badmintonspieler, in Schönborn geboren

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Amt Elsterland

Ort im Landkreis Elbe-Elster
Ort in der Niederlausitz
Ersterwähnung 1234

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Christian Camping International (CCI) is a worldwide alliance of Christian camping associations in more than thirty countries.
CCI/Canada aims to be an indispensable resource to the entire Christian camping and conference centre community in Canada. Members receive connection, promotion, and endless opportunities for growth. We hope you'll join our community and start reaping the rewards!
Looking for a great summer camp or conference centre? Our member camps are the best!
Not sure about summer camp? Read about the benefits of summer camp and what to expect!


text:
Gnaphosa sericata es una especie de araña araneomorfa del género Gnaphosa, familia Gnaphosidae. Fue descrita científicamente por L. Koch en 1866.

Habita en los Estados Unidos, desde Utah a Míchigan y Nueva York, al sur de México, Florida y Cuba.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Gnaphosa Global Biodiversity Information Facility.

sericata


Brainerd, MN – November 7, 2016 – Consolidated Telecommunications Company (CTC) recently reached an agreement with the City of Long Prairie to construct a fiber optic network to businesses and homes in the area, which will deliver Internet speeds up to 1Gbps (1,000 Mbps).
CTC will begin construction spring of 2017, with many homes and businesses getting hooked up with service by the end of the year. The City of Long Prairie will bond to finance the network, with CTC leasing the network from the City.
In addition to offering High Speed Internet, CTC will also be offering residents phone services and business phone services including hosted phone systems and special access circuits.


text:
Esta é uma lista de municípios do Mato Grosso por ordem alfabética, com o seu respectivo código IBGE seguido do mapa de localização no estado. Ao todo são 141 municípios.

Ver também
 Lista de municípios de Mato Grosso por área
 Lista de municípios de Mato Grosso por área urbana
 Lista de municípios de Mato Grosso por IDH-M
 Lista de municípios de Mato Grosso por população


The City of Brighton is a Council-Manager form of government, which is one of the most prevalent forms of government used by more cities, villages, townships, and counties, than any other form. It is a representative system of local government that combines the strong political leadership of elected officials (the governing body) with the strong managerial experience of an appointed, professionally trained, local government manager to oversee the delivery of public services.
Appointed to the Brighton City Manager's position by the Brighton City Council in February 2016, City Manager Nate Geinzer is responsible for the day to day administration of the City, including the oversight of all City Departments and the implementation of City Council's adopted vision and goal statements.
Manager Geinzer has been a resident of the City of Brighton since 2004 and takes pride in his position and community. He works closely with his Management Team to deliver responsive and high-quality services to the residents, businesses, and visitors of the City of Brighton. One of his top goals is to continue working with City Council on developing a fully-funded and sustainable fiscal and service delivery model that promotes proactive investment in infrastructure and other capital, while maintaining/improving City services, to ensure the long-term viability of the City's quality of life.
Manager Geinzer enjoys giving back to the community through his involvement with the Brighton Rotary, serving on the Brighton Rotary Foundation Board, and volunteering with Bountiful Harvest. Outside of work Manager Geinzer enjoys spending time with his wife and children and fly-fishing.
Manager Geinzer welcomes inquiries and feedback. He can be reached at 810-225-8022 or via email.


Restaurant Review: Popeyes Louisiana Chicken | The Food Hussy!
We got a Popeyes up the street from us now - it opened last fall on Colerain. Everybody and their dog was going for months - every time I tried to go - the line was around the whole store. Finally - the crowds have died down - so I was able to check it out.
They have quite a few $5 Big Boxes - I'm not really sure what quantifies a big box - but it seems like everything I order comes in one. I've been ordering the 2 piece bone-in or the tenders meal.
Because it's so close to my house - I've gone back multiple times and tried different sides to see what I like. This time was cajun fries - I don't know why they were "cajun" - except maybe some seasoning - that I couldn't really taste.
I always get dark meat chicken - I'm just not a fan of chicken breast from a restaurant like this - they tend to be dry. I like thighs & legs. I get one piece spicy and one piece mild - the spicy isn't too spicy but I like it. I like having one of each - then it's a surprise when I bite into it. The breading is very crispy - it also is not Larry-friendly in that there are eggs somewhere in the process - so Popeyes dinners are Heather-only. The dark meat though is very juicy and I really like it.
The red beans & rice I loved - it's great every time. I don't know that it is in any way authentic but I like it nonetheless.
I also tried the tenders and was a bit surprised at how much different they were. They were rubbery and just not good. Right now they have a Smoky Garlic Chile Chicken - but it's only in the tenders - so I'll avoid it.
The biscuits are my favorite - I like them so much more than KFC - they're really buttery and don't need any toppings. I also tried the mac & cheese - it's very creamy and cheesy - I loved it - but you have to really like it creamy.
Why Should You Go? If you're looking for a new fried chicken place - give it a whirl! I like the sides and chicken better but the tenders are a no-go.


Categories: Vitamins & Supplements, All Greens Best Products, Superfoods Nutrition.
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text:
About Glasgow
Meals and Social Events
UMIS Trips
Universeum 2018
Getting to the Civic Reception
Telephone (+44) 0141 276 1450
Email kelvinhall.lf@glasgowlife.org.uk
The main entrance to Kelvin Hall is just off Argyle Street on Bunhouse Road by river Kelvin.
Kelvin Hall is wheelchair accessible. Although some routes through the building have limited access, alternative paths provide access to the building's different spaces. See the main Reception and Information desk, or ask a member of Glasgow Life staff, for maps of accessible routes through the building.
The conference will take place in the Lecture Theatre and Seminar Rooms 1 and 2, which are located on the ground floor towards the back of the building. Upon entering Kelvin Hall, follow the long corridor near the main information desk until the very end. The Lecture Theatre and Seminar Rooms are at the very end of the corridor, to your right. From the tours that will be offered as part of the conference, the Mackintosh House one is not suitable for wheelchair users.
We aim to ensure that people have equal access to all our events. If you would like any information in an alternative format please contact us via email at universeum2018@glasgow.ac.uk. Additionally, if you are attending any of our events, please let us know in advance of any additional requirements relating to access.
Other conference venues will include the Hunterian Museum and the Hunterian Art Gallery in the main University of Glasgow campus (about 10-15 minutes' walk from Kelvin Hall) and the Glasgow City Chambers at George Square in the city centre for the Universeum 2018 Scottish Night Out and Ceilidh on the evening of Thursday 14 June 2018.
MAP OF KELVIHALL AREA
On Thursday 14th June, delegates will make their own way to the Civic Reception at 7pm, being held in Glasgow's City Chambers in George Square.
The University website has information about travel options in Glasgow and more specific information is provided below.
Those already familiar with Glasgow might wish to walk. However, this is quite a long way from the University (we estimate about 40 minutes) and delegates are advised to consider transport options.
If you are travelling as a group and sharing the cost, a taxi is the cheapest option. The main website says this will cost £8 (although we have been charged closer to £5). The University recommends 'Glasgow Taxis' (0141 429 7070).
The Subway will take you to the north end of Buchanan Street, which is very close to George Square. Travel time is less than 10 minutes, tickets are £1.70 single (£3.20 return) and there are two stations near the University:
Hillhead Subway Station – on Byres Road, near the main library, the Hunterian and main Quad (see on Google Maps)
Kelvinhall Subway Station – near Kelvinhall and Kelvingrove (see on Google Maps).
The Subway runs in a loop (which extends south of the river) and each station offers two lines, going in opposite directions:
Outer Circle - use this when travelling from the University into Glasgow
Inner Circle - brings you from Glasgow to the University
Please be aware that you need your ticket to exit the Subway!
There are several buses that run into Glasgow city centre (should take about 20-25 minutes). These include:
FirstBus 4 and 4A stop regularly (about every 15 minutes) on University Avenue (near the Hunterian). You can catch it outside the Boyd Orr building and from the stop opposite the University's main entrance gate. Once in the city centre, this bus goes down Renfield Street, and the St Vincent Street stop is close to George Square (10 minute walk at most). See the FirstBus 4 current timetable and the St Vincent Street bus stop on Google Maps.
FirstBuses 2 can be taken outside Kelvingrove Museum. It stops at Ingram Street in Glasgow (near the Gallery of Modern Art), which is just below George Square. See the FirstBus 2 current timetable and Ingram Street bus stop on Google Maps.
Please note that due to the one-way systems in Glasgow city centre, the return bus stops might be located elsewhere. If you are intending to travel by bus we strongly recommend planning your journey online or downloading the FirstBus app (see the FirstBus website).


The NZ Transport Agency is proud to have been recognised for its work in developing a mobile app to help with the reporting of health and safety incidents.
The Zero Harm Reporting Tool app developed by the Transport Agency along with an industry liaison group, won the Impac Best Significant Health and Safety Initiative by a large organisation at the New Zealand Workplace Health and Safety Awards held at Auckland's Sky City last night.
The tool is a simple to use reporting app that allows for real-time reporting of incidents that occur in the office or on a project site regardless of employer. It is cloud-based so it can be accessed through a range of mobile and tablet devices.
"We are delighted that our focus on improving health and safety for all our people has been given national recognition" says the Transport Agency's Zero Harm Manager, Martin McMullan.
The Transport Agency has made the reporting tool available free to Transport Agency contractors and industry partners who can adopt the system and tailor it to their own specifications at no cost.
"Through proactive benchmarking of health and safety performance, the reporting tool helps to paint a true picture of health and safety trends over time. The consistent reporting helps identify and address the root cause of incidents and then assess the effectiveness of corrective actions – a first for the New Zealand roading industry.


This award recognises a sports coach who has used sport to bring people together and further the skills of their players or students.
This will be someone who has demonstrated fantastic leadership within their chosen sport. This person has determination and drive that is infectious, they are someone who has worked tirelessly to achieve success.
There aren't many tougher asks than following on from someone who had the success that Andy Banks had while at Plymouth Diving.
But Alex Rochas has made impressive strides in the relatively short space of time that he has been in the role left behind by Banks.
Alex has coached a number of athletes to success over the last 12 months but the impact he has had on diver Matthew Dixon has been described as 'unbelievable'.
Ales was named British Swimming Dive Coach of the Year for 2018, and there is fierce competition from high performing centres all across the country.
Trampolining may not be the most fashionable of sports but that doesn't stop Danny Anstey's passion and support for those he coaches.
Danny had a superb 2018, not only did he get his gymnasts to regional and national level, he also got two into the Great Britain team.
He also has two gymnasts in the England squads and two in the Great Britain development squads, as his dedication comes through in those he coaches.
One nomination for Danny stated that he was able to see potential in a child with Aspergers, and instilled confidence in him, which led to their place in the finals of the English Championships.
Danny continues to achieve great things at a club that is fairly new in existence compared to many around the country.
Torquay United manager Gary Johnson may have only been at the club since September 2018 but the difference he has made to the side is incredible.
Under former boss Gary Owers the side looked like they would be facing another relegation battle, after years of bad results.
But the former Cheltenham and Yeovil boss was brought in and transformed their fortunes from the off.
In fact, the side went unbeaten for the whole of 2018 since Gary's arrival and they went into 2019 top of the National League South table.
That included eight straight victories from November 13 to December 29 and results like that make it clear to see why there is now a renewed optimism at Plainmoor.
Rob Baxter is the driving force of Exeter Chiefs and ever since his appointment as head coach in March 2009, there has been progress upon progress at Sandy Park.
The 47-year-old, who spent almost all of his playing career at Exeter, now has one of the best reputations within the game of rugby with many suggesting he is primed to take over from Eddie Jones as head coach of England when the Australian feels it is time to move on.
Baxter again guided the Chiefs to the Premiership final in May, their third successive appearance in English rugby's showpiece event, but they were unfortunately beaten 27-10 by an inspired and on-song Saracens side.
With his team sitting pretty at the top of the Premiership table once more, enhancing Exeter's reputation as one of the leading sporting club's in the country, there is every chance that Baxter will be taking the Chiefs back to Rugby HQ for a fourth successive final appearance on June 1.
Coaching athletes to success in one sport can be tough enough, coaching them to success in five events is harder still.
Rob Flack is the director of modern pentathlon at Plymouth College and that is exactly what he does.
He has helped coach a number of athletes to success, not only with Great Britain but for various other countries.
In 2018 he coached Annabel Denton and Georgina Mitchell to represent Great Britain at the under-19 pentathlon.
He also aided Tomas Maksimovic for Lithuania and coached a number of German athletes to success.
Rob has been instrumental to the setting up of Plymouth College Pentathlon club and gets the best out of those he coaches.
The Olympic Games and Commonwealth Games are two of the biggest sporting events in the world and Robin Armayan is no stranger to coaching athletes to compete at them.
The head coach of Plymouth Leander and the director of swimming at Plymouth College oversees all coaching at both centres.
He took over from Jon Rudd, a tough ask following his huge successes with the likes of Ben Proud and Ruta Meilutyte.
But Robin had an impressive 2018, seeing nine swimmers qualify for the Gold Coast Commonwealth Games.
He also coached Tom Fannon at the European Championships and was selected for as Swim England coach 2024 programme.
Described in a nomination as 'the backbone of Plymouth Diving', Sally Freeman works tirelessly for those she coaches.
She has put an uncountable number of hours, days and weeks into her athletes but it is her work with cliff diver Aidan Heslop that has come under the spotlight.
Sally coached Aidan to become the first Welsh diver to compete at the Commonwealth Games in over 20 years.
Aidan's potential was doubted by many and the sign of a top coach is someone who looks past the doubt and gets the best out of someone.
She has done that with so many athletes, with Aidan being the most recent.
Sally coaches some of the youngest children and helps them progress as they get older to a point where they can compete on an international stage.


One of our specialities is upgrading old machines with new technology and providing the client with more information via HMI (Human Machine Interface) control.We were approached to see if we could upgrade a counter pressure carbonation filling machine from an old DOS based program structure. The shutdown period was only one week, so there was little time and a lot of pressure to have this key machine running for the start of production.The project was broken down into key areas. We chose the Simatic s7-200 processor and expansion cards with a Siemens touch screen. Translation, programming and documentation was carried out, prior to shutdown. During the shutdown period, removal of the old controls, installation of PLC hardware and touch screen were completed. Programming and commissioning was completed with the filler back in production on time and on budget. We offered the client additional options including recipes for individual bottle sizes. With recipe selection, all variations for bottle sizing are taken care of in the program resulting in faster changeover times and only a single touch button operation.This addition to the job has resulted in greater efficiency at the plant with increased throughput, downtime has been reduced dramatically.
With an increased plant size and additional workload, our client needed to revamp his wastewater treatment to meet Christchurch City Council requirements.It is very important to remember that dumping costs after 4pm (non-peak) are substantially cheaper per cubic meter than during peak periods. With this in mind, a new dosing and holding tanks were installed. Control of the system was a Allen Bradley 1400 processor with inbuilt real time clock and online programming with a Jumo Aquis 500 PH controller and sensor providing accurate readings of the waste water PH.A flow meter was installed and readings sent to the BMS. With greater control and more detailed information, our client has made substantial savings. Ongoing regulation in this area has resulted in a range of companies seeking help with their wastewater treatment. If you are upgrading or putting in a new installations, we are more than happy to quote and give you the benefit of our expertise in this area.


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Ez a lista az Az ifjú Sheldon (Young Sheldon) című amerikai sorozat epizódjait tartalmazza.

Évados áttekintés

Első évad (2017-18)

Második évad (2018-19)

Harmadik évad (2019-20)

Negyedik évad (2020-21)

Ötödik évad (2021-22)

Hatodik évad (2022-23)

Jegyzetek

Fordítás

Televíziós sorozatok epizódlistái


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In pursuit of perfection: A case study on how Bugatti and APWORKS leverage the full potential of AM
It is far too easy to overuse superlatives when speaking about hypercars or Additive Manufacturing. When the discussion combines both – Bugatti's new driver-focused Chiron Pur Sport and a high-performance AM component that truly pushes today's processes to their limits – the result is worthy of a closer look. In the following in-depth case study, Bugatti and APWORKS explain the requirements, development and production of the Chiron Pur Sport's exhaust finisher and share insight into some of its hidden details, from lattice structures to nature-inspired honeycomb reinforcements. [First published in Metal AM Vol. 6 No. 2, Summer 2020 | 10 minute read | View on Issuu | Download PDF]
Fig. 1 The Bugatti Chiron Pur Sport was developed with a focus on driving dynamics, with metal Additive Manufacturing contributing to weight savings and improved aerodynamics (Courtesy Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S.)
France's Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S., famous for its ultra-high performance hypercars, was one of the early adopters of metal Additive Manufacturing in the automotive sector. The company has developed numerous components using Additive Manufacturing, many in partnership with APWORKS GmbH, Taufkirchen, Germany. One component type that Bugatti has gained significant experience of developing by Additive Manufacturing is the high-performance exhaust finisher. These have been fitted to a number of cars in the Chiron range since 2018, including the Chiron Sport, the La Voiture Noire, the Grand Tourisme and the Centodieci.
Most recently, a metal additively manufactured exhaust finisher was developed and manufactured by APWORKS for the newly developed Bugatti Chiron Pur Sport. With this application, Bugatti has become the first company in the automotive industry to use Additive Manufacturing to produce exposed titanium exhaust finishers for series production that are officially approved for road use. At approximately 22 cm long, 48 cm wide and 13 cm high, the finisher weighs just 1.85 kg including grille and bracket – some 1.2 kg less than the finisher on a standard Chiron.
"Bugatti is all about French-style luxury and exceptional vehicles, but it's a brand that stands for innovative technology, too," stated Stephan Winkelmann, President of Bugatti. "In addition to the iconic 8 litre 16-cylinder engine with 1,500 HP, technical innovation is just as much part of our brand essence – such as our components made of titanium or a special alloy that are produced by 3D printing."
Saving weight through AM where it matters
Fig. 2 The lightweight and temperature-resistant additively manufactured exhaust tailpipe finishers produced by APWORKS (Courtesy Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S.)
The impressive 39% weight reduction achieved on the finisher of the Chiron Pur Sport is thanks to an innovative but highly challenging Additive Manufacturing-enabled design. Nils Weimann, Head of Body Development at Bugatti, explained, "The advantage of the 3D printing process lies in the geometric shapes that are possible. It is possible to create very finely wrought, complex forms which would tear if made using other techniques such as forging or forming." This is an ideal production method for Bugatti: lightweighting can be at the heart of a design, there are no tool costs, production is comparatively fast and individual adjustments to the design are easily possible. Complex organic geometries can also be developed, often inspired by the natural world, as is the case in this application.
In particular, the use of Additive Manufacturing enabled the development of an exhaust finisher with very thin walls; this helped to save weight where it really mattered. The exhaust tailpipe is just one part of the complex rear design of the Chiron Pur Sport, which has a new aerodynamic configuration that generates more downforce, while reduced overall vehicle weight contributes to the car's increased agility.
"By cutting weight by 50 kg, while simultaneously boosting the downforce and configuring an uncompromising, sporty chassis and suspension setup, the Chiron Pur Sport boasts incredible grip, sensational acceleration and extraordinarily accurate handling. It's the most uncompromising yet agile Bugatti of recent times," explained Winkelmann. The reduced mass of the exhaust finisher contributes to the car's new aerodynamic configuration, which is designed to contribute to both agility and dynamic cornering. Through the use of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, with its high heat resistance and strength, the AM exhaust tailpipe is also highly temperature resistant.
Designing with (almost) no limits
The AM exhaust finisher fits into Bugatti's strategy of lightweighting to maximise the speed, driving experience and agility of the vehicle. Because the design of the finisher pushes metal Additive Manufacturing to its limits, various optimisations were applied during its development. These go beyond features intended to simply reduce the weight of the part while maintaining or improving on performance, and take into account the requirements of the whole manufacturing process.
The exhaust finisher's development process was supported by APWORKS' engineers and the result was a part with extensive high vertical walls and wall thicknesses as low as 0.4 mm in places. The part's design takes into account many factors, from a safe and stable manufacturing process to the most efficient build time and ease of support structure removal after the build. Whilst designing supports for ease of removal, their function and performance for in-process heat transfer also has to be calculated in order to ensure the highest dimensional accuracy.
With this in mind, some of the biggest challenges faced by the design team when reducing wall thicknesses to such a low value were heat transfer, dimensional deviations, and in-process instability. The solution that APWORKS' engineers turned to in order to overcome these challenges was generative design.
Lattice structures
Lattice structures are very well known in the world of AM. To achieve this design feature, an initial volume is converted into a generative design model by replicating a small representative unit – the unit cell – over the whole designated geometry. This design feature offers many advantages; foremost, it reinforces two thin walls by connecting them, guaranteeing dimensional accuracy, and enabling minimal use of material.
"Wherever possible, we designed the exhaust finisher for the Chiron Pur Sport with a single layer so as to further reduce weight," explained Weimann. "The minimal material thickness in multi-layer areas is made possible by its lattice structure – where the cavity is filled with numerous filigree struts. In this way, the walls provide stable support for each other during the construction process – enabling minimal use of material." Through this process, volumetric mass was decreased by 70% (Fig. 3).
Fig. 3 The filigree lattice structures used in the Bugatti Chiron Pur Sport exhaust finisher (Courtesy Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S.)
Honeycomb patterns
Another design feature which is made possible by AM and widely used in the lightweighting of components is the application of a honeycomb pattern onto a designated surface. Inspired by nature, this geometry acts as a stabilising feature for the thin walls. In this application, the pattern enables the highest possible dimensional accuracy for the thin walls by distributing tension all over the affected surfaces and increasing stiffness.
"We use a bionic honeycomb structure in the single-layer area to increase the surface rigidity of the walls. Even large components gain a high degree of surface stiffness," stated Weimann (Fig. 4). Thanks to the use of an outer wall which is double-layered for thermal insulation, the filigree cover is still able to withstand temperatures of over 650°C. In this way, the cover protects surrounding components from excessive heat under full engine load. At the same time, fresh air around the cover cools the component.
Fig. 4 The nature-inspired honeycomb pattern applied in Bugatti Chiron Pur Sport exhaust finisher acts as a stabilising feature for the thin walls (Courtesy Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S.)
AM machine selection
High-end Additive Manufacturing, the related post-processing solutions and software are evolving at a fast pace. When considering the most suitable AM systems for a project with complex requirements such as the exhaust finisher, system build size and speed are crucial. In this case, production takes place on an EOS M 400-4, a four laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB) system that offers a high level of productivity.
The twin challenges of qualification and homologation
This application is a rather unique example of a fully optimised high-performance part enabled by Additive Manufacturing that fulfills both the highest quality standards for road use, as well as homologation – the approval process a vehicle is required to go through for certification to race in a given league or series.
For this to be achieved, before entering serial production a major quality management process had to be undertaken in the form of qualification. In undergoing qualification, a supplier proves that every defined requirement is not only met, but also validated through testing, and certified by independent testing institutions where necessary. Qualifications such as these usually cover areas such as whether a part meets dimensional tolerances, and requirements like heat resistance, corrosion resistance and insensitivity against abrasion. In this case, the surface and heat resistance properties of the part needed to be tested and confirmed by independent certified testing laboratories working within Volkswagen Group standards.
As part of the serial production qualifications within an automotive OEM environment, a special process named 'sampling', similar to FAI or PPAP, was executed. In this procedure, new or changed parts need to be inspected with regards to all requirements communicated either by the technical drawing or valid OEM-specific standards. These inspections were conducted with a sample part prior to beginning actual serial production to represent the later certified status of a final part.
Once qualified, it was time to take the part to serial production. Joachim Zettler, Managing Director of APWORKS, stated, "We are proud to be part of this impressive new hypercar development by Bugatti. It is the first visible 3D printed part out of titanium receiving road homologation. We could only realise this innovative tailpipe by pushing Additive Manufacturing technology to the limit. Smallest wall thickness of below 0.5 mm enable the extremely lightweight design."
The serial Additive Manufacturing workflow
Fig. 5 Rear view of the Bugatti Chiron Pur Sport showing the additively manufactured titanium exhaust finisher (Courtesy Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S.)
The exhaust finisher's design truly tested the limits of what is possible using AM, and in particular what parts it is possible to serially produce. To manufacture a high-quality part requires several software- and hardware-based tools, as well as for the production steps to be planned and executed so that they fit together perfectly in an effective workflow.
After the part's design was released by Bugatti, APWORKS' engineers commenced the work to prepare it for production by Additive Manufacturing through the use of various digital tools. These supported not only AM production related considerations, but also cost and failure mode analysis – all of which are covered under the concept of Design for AM (DfAM).
Once the geometry was fixed and the design could be released to APWORKS, AM data preparation began. This process includes positioning and aligning the part on the build platform, generating support structures, and optimising the design process by developing suitable build process parameters, etc. Machine parameters such as laser power and scanning speed must be optimised for the exacting requirements of highly-loaded parts, and need to be expertly adapted to achieve thin wall and lattice features such as those utilised in the exhaust finisher. This process ends at the point of the machine interface, where the part data is finally transferred from design software to Additive Manufacturing machine.
Fig. 6 The exhaust finisher seen in cross section during the build process on the EOS M 400-4, Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB) system (Courtesy APWORKS)
After each successful build, various post-processing steps are applied to achieve the required mechanical properties and component performance. Heat treatment in an inert atmosphere at over 700°C is used to relieve the high internal stresses generated within titanium parts during PBF-LB Additive Manufacturing. Following cooldown, parts can be handled safely in different manual and automated metal processing steps in order to remove support structures, smooth surfaces and increase dimensional accuracy.
The mechanically finished parts are subsequently coated with a highly temperature resistant matt black layer consisting of small ceramic particles, capable of withstanding temperatures of up to 1100°C, while both insulating the part and creating a smooth surface.
Fig. 7 An EOS M 400-4, Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB) system at APWORKS (Courtesy APWORKS)
The whole process is controlled using various quality assurance measures. These are primarily split into quality management system control steps according to DIN EN 9100 and dimensional testing, which includes processes such as 3D scanning and manual testing.
The latest in a series of AM exhaust components for a record breaking car
Fig. 8 This Bugatti Chiron Super Sport 300+ broke the 300 mph barrier with AM exhaust finishers produced by APWORKS (Courtesy Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S.)
The Chiron Pur Sport exhaust finisher is not the only part of this type produced for Bugatti by APWORKS. In 2019 the company manufactured a metal AM exhaust finisher for the Bugatti Chiron Super Sport 300+ (Fig. 8). This Bugatti Chiron derivative was the first hypercar to break the 300 mph barrier (482.80 km/h), a record that was set at the beginning of August 2019 in Germany.
The innovative AM exhaust finishers applied in this car were also produced in titanium. In this case, the exhaust finishers are part of a modified longer tail section and are designed to push exhaust emissions further from the rear end of the car to reduce turbulence and improve steering behaviour at high speeds. The design freedom offered by AM enabled optimised exhaust aerodynamics, resulting in increased downforce and enhanced high-speed handling of the car.
In addition to the aerodynamic benefits, the low mass of the parts contributed to the vehicle's exceptional acceleration. Titanium was the material best suited to this application due to its combination of high strength, heat resistance and low weight. This is a prime example of an optimised high-performance part enabled by AM.
With a legacy of ground breaking innovation, Bugatti considers itself to be continuing a long-standing tradition of innovation and unique vehicle development with the use of additively manufactured components. Company founder Ettore Bugatti himself developed unique vehicles using ground breaking technologies, from lightweight aluminium wheels to a hollow front axle. As Ettore Bugatti once stated, "An automobile component must be technically perfect. But it must be elegant and beautiful, too."
Today, this spirit remains. The use of Additive Manufacturing has allowed the designers of these exhaust components to incorporate harmonious contours and features that are more elegant and striking than is possible with conventional technologies – all while delivering extreme performance. All of this is in keeping with the Bugatti legacy; a history of combining technical functionality, aesthetics and elegance.
Angela Grünewald
Marketing & Technical Sales Manager
APWORKS GmbH
Willy-Messerschmitt-Str. 1
www.apworks.de
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Medication-Assisted Treatment For Alcohol Addiction
Home › Medication-Assisted Treatment For Alcohol Addiction
In a medication-assisted treatment (MAT), medications are paired with counseling, behavioral therapy, and support to help a person recover from addiction. Currently, three medications have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat AUD.
None of these are considered a cure for alcoholism, but they're the most effective medications in use in MAT:
acamprosate
In early recovery, most people are faced with temptations, cravings, and withdrawals that make them want to drink again. MAT provides a comprehensive and individualized program of medication and behavioral therapy, and has been clinically proven to help people overcome alcohol addiction, as well as opioid addiction.
MAT is a holistic approach to treatment, which means that it treats the whole problem. Medications may be utilized during or after a person detoxes from alcohol and to ease withdrawal symptoms. Most of the medications used in MAT can create an adverse reaction to alcohol, so it's important to refrain from drinking any alcohol during treatment.
Understanding Alcohol Addiction
Alcohol is a legal central nervous system (CNS) depressant that's fairly easy to make, and widely available to the public. Some may attempt to self-medicate with alcohol for anxiety, which may contribute to a co-occurring disorder. Many people suffering from an addiction to alcohol are unable to drink safely.
Alcohol addiction, also known as alcoholism, is a chronic disease marked by a person's inability to control their drinking or preoccupation with drinking; even when it has a negative effect on them.
Not everyone who consumes alcohol or binge drinks will develop alcoholism. Everyone's reaction to alcohol is different, and so are their drinking habits.
If a person's drinking negatively impacts their life, it's called an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Alcohol abuse and alcoholism are both considered alcohol use disorders. When alcohol abuse becomes more frequent, the issue may escalate into an addiction.
Some of the negative consequences of alcohol abuse are:
physical health problems
strained relationships
mental health problems
There are nearly 18 million people in the United States dealing with an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Many of the people with an AUD want to stop drinking, yet they're unable to quit by themselves. Alcohol is a potent drug, and recovering from addiction takes support, determination, and sometimes a medication.
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Withdrawal symptoms may occur if a person regularly abuses alcohol, and then stops abruptly. A person can start experiencing withdrawals as soon as eight hours after they stop drinking—and symptoms may not peak until 24 to 72 hours.
Alcohol withdrawals can last up to several weeks, and they can be excruciating. Withdrawal symptoms have been known to cause a person to want to drink again. During the detox stage of recovery, people find that they're unable to sleep and constantly irritable.
Other alcohol withdrawal symptoms may include:
shakiness
clammy skin
problems sleeping
pallor
rapid heart rate
delirium tremens (severe withdrawals)
severe confusion
Withdrawal symptoms such as sleep changes, rapid changes in mood, and fatigue can last for months. Those who continue to drink heavily may develop health problems with their liver, heart, or nervous system.
Medical Detoxification For Alcohol Dependence
In a medically-supervised detoxification, patients receive the best possible treatment and support to get the alcohol out of their system. With the help of top healthcare professionals, patients are able to cleanse their bodies from the unwanted chemicals caused by addiction and maximize the chance of recovering from the physical addiction to alcohol.
Most people go into treatment malnourished, sleep-deprived, and dehydrated. These problems can make withdrawal symptoms worse. In a residential detoxification, patients will be able to cope with the withdrawal symptoms of early alcohol recovery.
In a medical detox program, each patient will be evaluated by a professional for the state of their AUD, and treated for vitamin, fluid, nutrition, and sleep deficiencies. In some cases, medications are administered during detox to prevent seizures, reduce cravings, and treat co-occurring disorders.
The detox process lasts anywhere from seven to 10 days. Duration of detox can vary, and according to the National Library of Medicine, "how well a person does depends on the amount of organ damage and whether the person can stop drinking completely. Alcohol withdrawal may range from a mild and uncomfortable disorder to a serious, life-threatening condition."
After detox, patients will be ready to start recovering from the mental addiction to alcohol. This may be achieved through counseling sessions, homework, meditation, exercise, support groups, medications, and/or behavioral therapy. Fundamentally, an inpatient alcohol rehab can be a place to learn how to live without alcohol.
How Does Disulfiram Help Treat Alcohol Addiction?
Disulfiram (Antabuse) is a medication that has been used to treat chronic alcoholism by creating an unpleasant reaction to alcohol. Its most effective application will be for those who have already completed detoxification, but are still in early recovery.
Antabuse is a brand of disulfiram that's taken as a tablet once a day in the morning or night. Antabuse should never be taken within 12 hours after drinking alcohol.
Patients have experienced an adverse reaction to alcohol for up to two weeks after they stopped taking Antabuse. Drinking while taking Antabuse can make a person very sick, and may trigger any number of these side effects:
throbbing pain in the head and neck
How Does Acamprosate Help Treat Alcohol Addiction?
Acamprosate (Campral) is used to help a person in recovery who has already stopped drinking, but wants to avoid alcohol use. Campral works by reducing a person's desire to drink alcohol. "The use of acamprosate typically begins on the fifth day of abstinence, reaching full effectiveness in five to eight days," (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration—SAMHSA).
Campral is a brand name of acamprosate, and works best when it's taken three times a day (preferably at the same time each day), and paired with behavioral therapy. Acamprosate can take up to five days to completely work, and treatment can range from three to 12 months. The manufacturer recommends a year-long acamprosate regimen for the best results.
Mixing Campral with alcohol may cause a severe interaction, and should be avoided. It should also be noted that misuse of any prescription drug can cause a negative reaction to acamprosate, which may include diarrhea, nausea, anxiety, and insomnia.
How Does Naltrexone Help Treat Alcohol Addiction?
Naltrexone (Revia or Vivitrol) is an opiate antagonist that works by reducing the euphoric effects of alcohol. Naltrexone allows a person with an alcohol addiction to stay sober and motivated to remain in treatment.
Revia is a tablet version of naltrexone that needs to be taken once every one to three days. Vivitrol is a liquid version of naltrexone that's administered by a healthcare professional once a month, as an intramuscular gluteal (buttocks) injection.
Neither brand of naltrexone is considered a cure for alcohol addiction. Opiate-agonists need to be paired with counseling, support group meetings, and behavioral therapy for utmost effectiveness. Naltrexone should only be used by people who are unable to stop drinking alone.
Naltrexone will not produce any narcotic-like effects or cause mental or physical dependence. It simply blocks the high feeling that makes people want to use alcohol. People who have liver problems such as liver disease, hepatitis, or cirrhosis should avoid taking naltrexone, because it may cause liver injury.
Is Medication Alone Enough To Stop Drinking?
It isn't recommended that a person merely uses a medication to quit drinking. These medications can be helpful for cravings, withdrawals, or side effects of alcohol addiction, but they're designed to work with behavioral therapy. Recovery is more than just refraining from substance abuse—it's about making abstinence a top priority in all areas of life.
Recovery doesn't end as soon as treatment is over, so patients may continue taking medications such as naltrexone and disulfiram as long they need it. In the words of SAMHSA, the ultimate goal of medication-assisted treatment is full recovery, including the ability to live a self-directed life. No matter how bad someone's addiction, or how powerless they feel—with the right help, people can recover from alcohol abuse and addiction. Contact AlcoholTreatment.net today to learn more.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration — Medication-Assisted Treatment
U.S. National Library of Medicine — Alcohol Withdrawal
learn more about alcohol abuse
Is There A Cure For Alcoholism?
What is An Alcohol Screening Test?