text:
A Decade of American Infamy: March 24, 1999 Continues to Play Out on March 24, 2009
I haven't prepared anything for March 24th on this 10th anniversary of America's greatest shame. But as regular readers know, around here every day is March 24, 1999. So I'm going to just post most of an article that appeared last week in a northern San Diego paper — from which I learned that March 24, 1999 had been foreshadowed by March 24, 1946.
For those who have already found and read the article on their own, I've injected two of my own comments, midway and at the end, which might be of interest.
Recounted with rare and appropriate indignation by Lyle E. Davis, the story of The Forgotten 500 made it onto the cover of a local San Diego paper called The Paper. There are a lot of powerful people living in San Diego, so let's see if this story finally — after half a century — gets some legs:
I'm about to tell you a story that, after you've read it, if your blood isn't boiling…well, you maybe ought to book an appointment with your favorite mortician.
Armchair Generals in the Pentagon during WWII and their civilian counterparts and bosses in the US State Department should have been taken out and given, at a minimum, a sound caning or horse-whipping…and at the worst, faced a firing squad.
Their absolute ineptitude and politicking almost cost the lives of 513 Allied airmen and, ultimately, ruined the reputation and resulted in the firing squad execution of a national hero and patriot who cared for our troops as though they were his own sons.
Sadly, these idiots who ran the Pentagon are all gone now. We cannot give them the thrashing they so richly earned and deserved. Bumbling incompetents who were more suited to fighting a war on the Washington cocktail circuit than out in the boonies with the troops, they were pledged to supply, defend, and look after their interests. Instead, they survived the war in comfort while others, many others, suffered.
Here's what happened:
This was the time when our aircrews were flying incredibly dangerous bombing missions over the Ploesti Oilfields in Romania. The Nazis surrounded these critically important oilfields with major defensive barriers . . . massive amounts of ack-ack (anti-aircraft artillery) that filled the air with flak, trying to bring down our bombers. And, too often, they were successful. If the bombers were not shot out of the sky they would limp along as far as they could before the air crew had to bail out. Often, this was over the hills of Yugoslavia.
Upon landing, Serbian villagers would soon find them and rush to embrace the downed airman. Area Serb farmers and their heavy set wives, with their babushkas, and rough peasant clothing, would take them into their small villages and hide them from the patrolling Germans. They would feed the airmen stale bread and goats milk . . . sharing with the airmen the meager food supplies they had.
This is a magnificent story of heroism, sacrifice, planning, execution, and accomplishment that remained a secret for over 50 years. It was kept a secret until 1997 because those same Armchair Generals and lily-livered bureaucrats at the State Department wanted it kept secret. Details of what happened might embarrass somebody…an ally, a former enemy, a present enemy, or, heaven forbid, themselves.
Only recently has the story been totally declassified and that, in itself, is an absolute injustice and borders on being criminal.
Bureaucrats showed what cowards they were, what treacherous administrators they were that had no regard for 500+ airmen who had been hiding under Nazi noses for months. Instead, they chose to play politics…and politics, when it involves our military and their lives, is despicable.
Sometimes I think if we could just get rid of the bureaucrats we'd get something done and win some wars.
A reader of The Paper, and a nieghbor, brought me a copy of "The Forgotten 500," by Gregory A. Freeman. It tells the story of Operation Halyard in August 1944. (suppressed for almost 53 years). Five American agents from the OSS, the precursor of the CIA, worked with a Serbian guerilla, General Draja Mihailovich, to carry out the huge, ultra-secret rescue mission from the hills of Yugoslavia.
Americans would send in a fleet of C-47 cargo planes to land in the hills of Yugoslavia, behind enemy lines, to pluck out hundreds of airmen. In this remarkable mission, more than 500 Allied airmen, mostly Americans, were rescued from the hills of Yugoslavia.
At the time, the area was controlled by the Nazis who were hunting for the American airmen daily. The story also involves a national hero who died needlessly, because our government did not support him…even though he took our downed airmen under his wing, protected them, saw to it they got fed, saw to it, eventually, that they were successfully evacuated from Yugoslavia and returned to their families.
These brave Serbian villagers hid the Americans, even though they faced death if they were caught. It wasn't a simple task. Not by a long shot. The number of downed airmen was enormous. First, a hundred, then 150, then 200, ultimately, there were over 500 airmen who were being hidden in the Yugoslavian hills by these poor Serbian villagers.
Some sad stories came about as the Serbs sought to comfort our airmen. On more than one occasion our airmen would be given stale bread and goats milk to eat…and they would wolf it down…only to then learn that the food they just ate had been meant for the airmen and the entire family. The family went without eating that night.
On another occasion, a newly arrived airman awoke in the morning and complained about how hard his bed was Another airman who had been in the village for awhile took him by the collar and went outside and pointed at the villagers who had given up their bed for the comfort of the airman. They had slept outside, on the ground. The airman felt about an inch tall, but he also learned just how much these Serbian villagers were sacrificing to aid in the comfort of these airmen.
That's the nuts and bolts of what happened. But the Devil, as they say, — is in the details. There is much, much more to the story that complicates it all.
From author Gregory Freeman:
"I was drawn to the idea that not only was this an amazing tale of intrigue and bravery, but it had been purposely hidden from the American people for decades. A dramatic story is one thing; a dramatic story that has been kept secret is even more intriguing. The story of "Operation Halyard" is one of the last great stories of World War II and it is high time that the American people learn about the heroic sacrifice of Draza Mihailovich and the Serbian people."
From a review by Aleksandra Rebic - "that these heroic acts that he had discovered had not only been virtually ignored, but were actually deliberately suppressed as if they never happened, (demanded that the book be written.) "His research led him to painful discoveries that he could not help but include in this story of heroism, and the light that he sheds on the dark side of 'Operation Halyard' makes "The Forgotten 500" not only a valuable book, but an essential one. Just as he reminds us of the great things that men in the worst situations are capable of, he also exposes the lengths taken to cover up acts that should have been widely heralded as triumphant examples of the human spirit but instead were sacrificed to the manipulations of political expediency. We owe both the dead and the living to move, once and for all, 'Operation Halyard', possibly the greatest rescue of American lives from behind enemy lines in the history of warfare, from being a mere footnote in history to being a shining example of what men of integrity are capable of. Mr. Freeman, with "The Forgotten 500," is paying the long overdue debt."
Gen. Draja Mihailovich is one of the primary focal points of this story. He was the leader of the Chetniks, the Yugoslav guerilla fighters that challenged the Nazis. When the Allied airmen landed in the hills and forests of Serbia, they were now among freedom fighters, loyal above all else, to the democratic Allies, though the airmen did not know it as they fell from the sky onto Yugoslavian soil. Among the hundreds who fell, most were Americans.
The other military and heavily political element in Yugoslavia was headed by Josef Broz Tito. He organized the anti-fascist resistance movement known as the People's Liberation Movement led by Yugoslav Partisans. Ostensibly, both organizations, Mihailovich's Chetniks and Tito's Partisans were fighting the same war, to defeat the Germans. But, in fact there was a war within a war going on. Tito was heavily supplied by Russia, was an avowed and avid Communist and was determined to turn Yugoslavia into a Communist state once the war was over. He worked closedly with British "moles" (spies who worked for Britain's MI5 but who were secretly working for the Russians and the Communist Cause.). Mihailovich, on the other hand, sought a democratic Yugoslavia.
In the end, Tito prevailed and achieved his goal of converting Yugoslavia to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1945 until his death in 1980.
General Mihailovich fell seventeen months after the so-called "liberation" of Yugoslavia. Reports from Belgrade on March 24th, 1946, announced his capture under puzzling circumstances on March 13th, 1946. His trial before a Communist military court began on June 10th, 1946. He was "sentenced" to death on July 15th, 1946, and murdered on July 17th, 1946.
So word of the Allies' betrayal of Mihailovich — and with him, all of Yugoslavia — was first publicized on March 24th. The events that the announcement referred to may have happened before March 24th, but we know that a date becomes famous even if it is merely the day on which the public finds out about an event. (American independence was actually declared over the two days preceding July 4, 1776, but the public found out on the 4th and so that's the day we celebrate. Likewise, Bill Clinton's NATO attack on Yugoslavia actually launched on March 23, but he only let us know about it on March 24th.) Back to the article:
General Mihailovich is no more. He has departed this world convinced that he was abandoned by the Allies. The voices that were raised abroad in his defense were not allowed to reach him and he died without the satisfaction of knowing that in the opinion of many he died an innocent man and a great soldier. The legends of his heroic deeds, however, are becoming more and more well known, certainly in Yugoslavia, and, finally, now in the western world. It is safe to say that he, Mihailovich, lives in the hearts of the Serbs of Yugoslavia.
Ultimately, General Mihailovich and his forces would prove just how profound 'doing the right thing no matter what' is. Mihailovich, together with the Serbian people, had rescued, fed, clothed, protected and risked their lives on behalf of the Americans. These shot down airmen were "funneled" to the Halyard Mission which set up airfields for airlifting the fliers back to Italy.
Those 513 rescued airmen have been pleading, shouting, and using any means at their disposal to right a terrible wrong. Mihailovich was labeled a traitor and collaborator and they have been, collectivly, trying for over 60 years to clear his name. Now, with the publication of The Forgotten 500, perhaps Mihailovich will receive his rightful, though posthumous, recognition for the good that he did, for his nation, and for our Allied airmen.
The frustrating issue in this story is that in the name of political expediency, enforced by both the Yugoslav postwar regime and the British, the Americans stayed silent about this chapter of the great heroism of their own sons and the selfless sacrifices of their rescuers. Not only did they stay silent, they kept it silent. Classified.
This story has never been appropriately publicized in the western world because it has not been "politically correct" to do so. It has remained a taboo theme in many political and publishing circles which has dismayed and frustrated so many rescued airmen, and their rescuers, for decades. Many of the veterans of 'Operation Halyard,' both the rescued and their rescuers, spent the duration of their postwar years striving to right this wrong. Many have since passed away without ever experiencing the contentment of seeing justice done and a debt repaid.
Freeman's talent for telling a great true story as it deserves to be told and for his attention to detail makes this story come alive on the pages:
"Not until 1997 would the world understand that the switch of allegiance was orchestrated largely by a Soviet operative who convinced the British that Mihailovich could not be trusted… Communist moles had infiltrated both the OSS (Office of Strategic Services) and the SOE (Special Operations Executive), (both were the "spook" or intelligence agencies) working to besmirch the name of Mihailovich to promote the postwar Communization of Yugoslavia under Tito…Klugmann, who was closely associated with the infamous British traitors known as the Cambridge Five…was principally responsible for sabotaging the Mihailovich supply operation and for keeping from London information about how much Mihailovich forces were fighting the Germans and how much success they were having."
James Klugmann, a devout communist and ultimately a traitor to his country of Great Britain, is among the many collateral players in the Mihailovich story and Freeman doesn't shy away from exposing his role in influencing the misguided British policy that would have tragic consequences for General Mihailovich and ultimately the fate of Serbia itself. Freeman writes: "The recently declassified files reveal that, for instance, Klugmann had great influence over Colonel Sir William Deakin, the senior intelligence officer in Yugoslavia…"
It was Deakin who was mainly responsible for convincing Churchill to switch sides from Mihailovich to Tito. Freeman competently weaves politics and the story on the ground together in such a way as to give the reader the big picture. Freeman, unlike many historians, is able to see the forest, not just the trees.
He understood, too, the significance of Mihailovich's integrity in rising above and beyond the betrayal perpetrated upon him and his people. In the summer of 1944, because of destructive but successful British political manipulations, it was no longer 'politically correct' for the Allies, including the Americans who deferred to the British in policy relating to the Balkan sphere, to deal with Mihailovich in any way. This means no supplies, food, ammuntion, or medical supplies. Yet, there were now hundreds of downed Allied fliers, most of them Americans, who were being protected by Mihailovich and his men and had to be evacuated. This presented quite a political dilemma. Thanks to the efforts of American officers such as George Vujnovich and George Musulin, an ACRU organization (Air Crew Rescue Unit) was created and it was decided to send Musulin to the hills of Serbia, accompanied by Mike Rajachich and OSS radio operator Arthur Jubilian, to run the evacuation operation that would come to be known as the 'Halyard Mission'.
It was going to be a rescue attempt unlike any ever attempted by the OSS or anyone else, and indeed that's exactly what it turned out to be. Over the course of several months in 1944, hundreds of Allied airmen would be evacuated and not one would be sacrificed. All, without exception, would make it back to their homes and their families alive.
Not one American would be turned over to the Nazis, even though the Germans were offering substantial rewards to the local natives to give them up. Though the Allies had turned their back on General Mihailovich, he refused to turn his back on them.
The drama of 'Operation Halyard' would end in December of 1944, and due to the perseverance of men with the names of Vujnovich, Musulin, Petrovich, Rajachich, Lalich, Jibilian and others, it would end as a virtually perfect success story in the face of almost insurmountable odds.
Every downed airman survived.
General Mihailovich, however, would not share their fate. The airmen whom he had saved were left to their tears, devastated by the news, and many would dedicate the rest of their years to vindicating Mihailovich, his Serbian people, and to seeking justice for the man to whom they felt they owed their very lives. Many in the Allied world who were following the capture, trial, and execution of Mihailovich, were left to wonder "how it could have been allowed to happen." […]
Even conservatives and patriots haven't shown the decency to bring this story to light, much less demonstrated the volition to delve into the history of a place so that we might quit repeating that history over and over with our policies there. This, despite the fact that it was their favorite president, Ronald Reagan, who pointed out that Mihailovich had to do what no one else had to — fight Nazism and Communism at the same time:
The ultimate tragedy of Draza Mihailovich cannot erase the memory of his heroic and often lonely struggle against the twin tyrannies that afflicted his people, Nazism and Communism. He knew that totalitarianism, whatever name it might take, is the death of freedom.
The West's abandonment of Mihailovich and the real Yugoslavia ensured communism's foothold there. We would later point to that communism as an excuse to violently dismantle Yugoslavia.
It is the Serbian fate to be punished by the West for the West's own mistakes. Today, even after several of the architects of NATO's 1999 war on Belgrade have privately admitted here and there that the action was a mistake, we continue in the same direction in order to hide and bury that mistake, now deliberately buttressing Islamic elements in the region after having originally done so unintentionally in the 90s.


If you've found this site helpful, please feel free to share it with others. It's easy and only takes a minute to do.
Simply select HTML code for the most approprate headline and link from the seven categories below and paste it anywhere you'd like on your site.
Thanks in advance for recommending us!
Risk-free, hassle-free shopping for Braided rugs, Oriental carpets, flokati and more. Gorgeous rugs, great prices - conveniently delivered right to your door.
Risk-free, hassle-free shopping for braided rugs, including name-brands like Capel. Gorgeous rugs, great prices - conveniently delivered right to your door.
Risk-free, hassle-free shopping for oriental rugs, including name brands like Karastan and Beaulieu. Gorgeous rugs at dealer prices - conveniently delivered right to your door.
Risk-free, hassle-free shopping for bath mats in every color for every decor. Gorgeous rugs, great prices - conveniently delivered right to your door.
Risk-free, hassle-free shopping for sisal rugs, jute and more. Gorgeous rugs, great prices - conveniently delivered right to your door.
Risk-free, hassle-free shopping for fun area rugs for children's rooms and nurseries. Gorgeous rugs, great prices - conveniently delivered right to your door.
Risk-free, hassle-free shopping for everything in modern area rugs including shag and flokati. Gorgeous rugs, great prices - conveniently delivered right to your door.


The Plateau is more than just a district û itÆs an established community that provides all the conveniences and amenities you could want. Schools, parks, movie theatres, boutiques, daycares, dental and medical centresà Everything you could possible wish for is all right here! Plus, excellent public transportation that drops you right in downtown Ottawa, located only 7 minutes away.


text:
From Aug 13th To Aug 18th, 2019
Moscow From Aug 13th To Aug 18th, 2019
Ferraris and Michieletto from qualifications to women's semis at Samsun
Samsun, Turkey, July 28, 2018 – Carolina Ferraris and Francesca Michieletto who advanced from Thursday's qualifications to the women's main draw at the Samsun one-star stop on the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour managed to qualify for among the best four of the tournament. Teams from Austria, the Czech Republic and Sweden are the other semifinalists.
FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour - Samsun
13th-seeded Ferraris and Michieletto of Italy and fifth-seeded Swedes Camilla Nilsson and Sofia Ogren will meet in one of the semifinals on Sunday. The two teams already met each other for the first place in Pool D on Saturday, with the Swedes snatching a 2-1 (19-21, 21-16, 15-11) victory to advance directly to the quarterfinals, where they delivered a 2-0 (21-17, 21-17) shutout of Hungary's Eszter Lutter and Szandra Szombathelyi.
Ferraris and Michieletto cruised to a 2-0 (21-15, 21-14) win over Turkey's Ebru Karayilan and Burcu Atasoy in the first elimination round and followed up with a 2-0 (21-15, 21-18) upset of second-seeded Karolina Rehackova and Marie-Sara Stochlova of the Czech Republic in the quarterfinals. "I cannot believe that we are in the semifinals!" Ferraris exclaimed. "We did not expect this result, but we are happy and now we want to win our semifinal match as well."
After winning Pool A with a 2-1 (21-11, 14-21, 15-11) victory over top-seeded Austrians Eva Freiberger and Valerie Teufl and progressing straight to the quarterfinals, the lowest ranked of the three Czech pairs, ninth-seeded Nicole Dostalova and Anna Komarkova, gained one more tie-breaker win, a 2-1 (21-16, 19-21, 15-10) over Poland's Marta Lodej and Marta Duda, to qualify for the semifinals, where they will have to meet Freiberger and Teufl again.
Action from the match between the Austrians and the Czechs for the first place in Pool A
On the way to the semis, the Austrians managed two hard-fought three-set victories - 2-1 (21-19, 16-21, 17-15) over Slovenia's Nina Lovsin and Tjasa Kotnik in the first elimination round and 2-1 (21-14, 17-21, 15-8) over third-seeded Czechs Sara Olivova and Tereza Pluharova.
The two semifinals on Sunday morning will start at 11:00 local time, with the Czechs and the Austrians playing on centre court. The bronze medal match is at 14:30 and the final – at 17:30, in the afternoon.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In the civil parish of Stowey Sutton.
Sutton Court has been described as a certain Fortified Manor House, and also as a probable Pele Tower.
Historic England (PastScape) Defra or Monument number(s) 198045.
County Historic Environment Record (or Sites and Monuments Record) number(s) MBN722.


MORGANTOWN — West Virginia community college students who transfer to WVU before earning their associate degree will be able to receive the degree credentials retroactively through a new partnership between the institution, the West Virginia Community and Technical College System (WVCTCS) and the National Student Clearinghouse.
The partnership will use the Clearinghouse's Reverse Transfer Service and is focused on boosting college completion rates across the state, WVCTCS and Pierpont Community & Technical College said in complementary press releases.
Under the agreement, if a student goes to a community college but transfers to WVU before earning an associate degree, the credits earned at WVU can be transferred back to the college, and the student will then have earned an associate degree while working toward a four-year one.
The credit transfer is made possible by a memorandum of understanding between West Virginia's nine community and technical colleges, WVU and the Higher Education Policy Commission.
To participate, students must agree to have their WVU transcripts sent back to their community college, which will determine whether the students' university courses meet requirements for degrees or other credentials.
Students who are in good standing with their community college will be eligible for reverse transfer when they earn at least 16 semester credit hours from the community college and at least three semester credit hours from WVU.
Students can benefit financially from this arrangement, the releases said. An associate degree can boost annual income anywhere from $4,640 to $7,160.
Paul Kreider, WVU's vice provost for academic strategies, curriculum and assessment, explained in an email exchange: "Data shows that earning potential is increased with each: Certification, two-year degree, four-year degree and continues to climb with graduate education.
Kreider said WVU doesn't have an estimate of how many students might participate. About 3,500 transfer students are enrolled, and 1,500 of those are state residents who may have attended a WVCTCS school and would be eligible to participate.
National Student Clearinghouse is a for-profit company that serves students and educational institutions across the country. It also offers institutions an array of free services.
Asked why a third party would be involved in intrastate data transfer, Kreider explained, "The National Student Clearinghouse is the organization that can provide real time data on all the institutions students may have att-ended. This is an important part of the process.


text:
https://www.aish.com/ci/s/48899437.html
Nov 11, 2009 | by Rabbi Ahron Lopiansky
As a face appeared in the crosshairs, the DC sniper took aim at a whole world.
I grew up in Manhattan where walking on the crime-ridden streets meant a constant vigilance of the alleys and shadows. I then spent over 25 years in Israel, with the on and off periods of terror bombings and stabbings. And now I live in "safe" suburban Washington where one sniper had gripped our lives with fear. Compared to the other frightening situations I've lived in, you'd think this kind of terror would have been somewhat "minor." In some ways, it has been the most terrifying of them all.
A single shot rings out, one person collapses to the ground, and the entire DC area is frozen with fear and horror. Yet, cold logic finds it hard to identify the factor that maked these attacks so traumatic when we are surrounded by so much tragedy and devastation.
One bombing kills more people than all the sniper's forays put together.
For starters, car accidents claim many more lives on any day. Secondly, the world abounds with wars and killings galore. One bombing kills more people than all the sniper's forays put together. Yet for some reason, the emotional impact of seeing a picture of the latest victim and reading about his or her life affected us more profoundly. And it's not only because it's hitting closer to home. People who live nowhere near the Washington area also felt this acute reaction.
The Jewish sages give us a profound insight to understand this phenomenon. All of the creatures created in Genesis are described in plural, i.e. God created animals, cattle, etc. Yet only man is created alone, even without his spouse. Why was man created alone? To teach us that he who saves one person is as if he saved an entire world.
At first glance this rabbinic statement seems to merely state that killing one person is "numerically" equivalent to killing a world full of people -- as if killing a single person is quantitatively multiplied by all the generations to come -- just as all of humanity descended from Adam.
This faulty explanation conveys the feeling that human life can be measured and multiplied on a calculator. The sages must mean something deeper.
In describing man as being created alone, the rabbis are pointing out the unique quality of a human being. They are in effect telling us: Look at the world of humans around us -- the intelligence, the creativity, the kindness, the courage, and the sacrifice. These are not different strains of people; rather each person contains all of these attributes. If the whole world descended from one person, then he must have had all these characteristics and talents. And each of us as well is the sum total of all of his descendants. Any talent or attribute that surfaces later is perforce included in the predecessor. Therefore, killing a person is not the mere destruction of one cog in a 6-billion-piece machine, but the destruction of an entire microcosmic world.
UNQUANTIFIABLE HUMANITY
Much has been said about numbers numbing our minds. "One killing is a tragedy; a thousand deaths is a statistic." This expresses the very real psychological inability to cope emotionally with an overwhelming tragedy. The real issue, however, is that the minute we add two people together, we have misdefined the human being. Humans are entire universes on their own, and cannot be quantified.
There is an extraordinary comment of the Ibn Ezra, a 12th century classic commentary on the Bible. He describes the difference in Hebrew between a proper noun and a common noun. A common noun can take on a suffix denoting possessiveness (i.e. Jim's car), or the plural (cars), or the definite article (i.e. the car).
A proper noun, however, cannot do any of the above in Hebrew. If, for instance, I have three boys named Abraham in my class, I cannot state in Hebrew, "I have three Abrahams in my class." This, explains the Ibn Ezra, is because objects are part of a group and as such the relationship may be demonstrated in any of the above ways. But the name of a person (i.e. a proper noun) is singular. It is a world unto its own and does not define itself as part of the group.
Imagine the DC sniper holding up the rifle and a face appearing in the crosshairs, swimming into sharp focus. If we were standing behind him peering into the rifle's sight, what would we see? A single person?
He isn't just killing a single member of the human race -- he is killing a world.
No. We would see a wife whose husband is anxiously waiting to share dinner with her. We would see the mother of a child who is waiting to tell her how well he did on his quiz, and another child who needs help with his math homework. We would see a woman who is going to call her elderly mother to see how her new medicine is affecting her. A woman who finished at work that day a report that satisfied her boss. A woman who had a few rough words with a jealous co-worker and was looking forward to going back and patching up their relationship. We would see a woman who only yesterday received an invitation to her best friend's wedding and was fretting about what to wear.
And then a shot rings out. He isn't just killing a single member of the human race -- he is killing a world. An entire universe of love and expectation, ambition and dreams, cares and worries, happiness and disappointments. This is what the sages meant when they spoke of a person being an "entire world."
When a bomb explodes anonymously in a crowd, we obfuscate the individuality of those killed by both the numbers involved and the haphazard manner of the bombing. The shooting of the sniper most sharply delineates the individuality of each victim. They are killed one by one with the killer intensely focusing in on the victim. It is a murder directly aimed at the most elevated and human of our characteristics: our individuality. And it is in our individuality that we most clearly appreciate that each person is a universe unto himself.
There is one more lesson I'd like to share. Our sages equate humiliation of a person to murder, for "the blood is drained from his face and he becomes pale," which is analogous to murder. When we have another person in our crosshairs, and we are about to unleash a cruel remark or a devastating criticism, do we pause to think about the victim? Stop for a moment to realize that the person we are about to emotionally crush and destroy is a person with dreams and hopes, love and expectation, a complete universe. Let us begin looking at people with that attitude and we will stop destroying worlds.
The Snipers: Crazy or Jihadis?
Evacuation: D.C.
Rabbi Ahron Lopiansky
Rabbi Lopiansky is the Rosh Yeshiva of the Yeshiva of Greater Washington. He is the author of numerous scholarly works, in Hebrew and English.
(6) Shira Levin, November 3, 2002 12:00 AM
One person is a whole world and is involved with others
All of us are impacted by an act of
terror whether we knew the person killed
or not. For we are all linked by our
being human.
(5) Shani Leser, October 28, 2002 12:00 AM
Hundreds of Jews killed by terrorists are not anonymous!
Your comment that "When a bomb explodes anonymously in a crowd, we obfuscate the individuality of those killed" caused me great sorrow. Hear in Israel, we read about each of the people who is killed, and each of them is a whole world destroyed. Many of them are our friends, or friends of our children who have been to funeral after funeral. Each one is an irreplaceable part of the Jewish people.
(4) Rosalynne Sommer, October 25, 2002 12:00 AM
All of this is refreshing!
I live around the area where all of these people were killed. It scared me so much! Even when he said the children are safe that scared me. Seeing these people just go around with a gun and shooting innocent people. That have family, friends and ambitions that they are killing people off.
This was a beautiful article.
(3) Lito, October 24, 2002 12:00 AM
There's a psycopath running around my universe
"(...)standing behind him (the sniper) peering into the rifle's sight, what would we see? A single person?". No doubt, a thought-provoking article. How can I wipe this psycopath out of my universe? Shalom
(2) Anonymous, October 23, 2002 12:00 AM
putting it into perspective
I hope R. Lopiansky will consider submitting this excellent piece to the Washington Post, so that a wider audience, both Jewish and gentile, will benefit from his insights.
I, too, have lived in Israel, where I was constantly besieged by concerned family members in the US that I come "home" to the US where it is "safe." We did eventually return to the US, though not for reasons of "security." Ironically, I now send my daughter to a Jewish high school only blocks from two of the sniper attacks in Silver Spring, Maryland, and once again I am besieged by these same relatives to take her out of school and go somewhere "safer." While we of course can't rely on miracles and need to look both ways while crossing the street, beyond measures of common sense we cannot live in fear and paranoia, whether it's in Israel or the US. We must remember that HaShem is with us, always, and all's we can do is make it our daily priority in life to behave in a way that will best serve HaShem. Only then will we be truly "secure."
(1) Dep. Donald Berry, LASD (Ret.), October 23, 2002 12:00 AM
The DC Area Shooter Doesn't Deserve the Title, "Sniper"
Shalom R. Lopiansky,
Your article about the murdering shooter in the DC area is very insightful as to why the murder of a solitary individual can sometimes feel worse to us than when an entire group of people are murdered together.
However, as a former member of the law enforcement community, I would like to suggest that this DC area shooter/murderer, does not deserve the title, or designation, "sniper", because a sniper is either employed by the military, or Law Enforcement, for the expressed purpose of saving lives by eliminating a hostile threat.
An excellent article about this can be found at,
www.snipercentral.com/statement.htm.
Unfortunately, there are those within law enforcement, who use the term "sniper" loosely, i.e., misapply it to criminals who murder the innocent; from a distance; one at a time, with a firearm.
The author of the above mentioned article, a former military sniper, makes an excellent case for the distinction between a "sniper", and a muderering shooter who uses a firearm/weapon to kill the innocent.
Donald Berry


Nectar mattresses are leading in the industry's sleep trial. Nectar really goes out of its way in allowing customers a full 365 days to test their mattresses until they officially make a buying decision. Nectar stays committed to its customers and provides a free cover replacement anytime during ownership together with a bed bug replacement warranty.
Nectar mattresses are made with materials that are bed bug resistant, promote heat wicking, and air circulation. Actually, the Nectar cover circulates fresh air all through the mattress with each toss and turn you make. In case you will need a fresh cover, all you've got to do is call and they will deliver you a brand new, new cover with no fees!
Adaptive hi-core memory foam: The third layer includes 1/2 inch layer of adaptive hi-core memory foam. You probably haven't heard of the material before because there are no other mattress companies incorporates Hi-Core Adaptive foam in their mattresses. Why? Since this material is heavy and expensive to ship. This premium elastic foam is an optimal interior layer for real contour to a sleeper's pressure points. As an example, if a sleeper carries plenty of weight, then this feature can significantly improve their quality of life.
The sinkage quality of the mattress is striking on the middle. When applying a 130-pound substance into a nine by seven inch area, it tends to sink at approximately 6 3/4 inches. Even for this, Nectar mattresses sink about six inches thus agreeing with the discovery of a slightly firm product on the medium spectrum.
The next feature we're examining is its edge support. This attribute is often missing in other mattress products so don't ever think that Nectar does exactly the same. It will surprise you how well Nectar provides very firm base layers to support you. No matter how many positions or areas you sit on, the mattress absorbs the sinkage. It is pretty impressive how Nectar maintains its level of support considering it's an all-foam item.
Your lumbar area needs fair combination of contour and support. Additionally, using high-density memory foam comfort layers and foundation foam does a great job at providing your lumbar area what it requires.
If you are a side sleeper, your hips and shoulders will protrude into the mattress with escalating force. Uniform pressure relief is quite important in this area. Luckily, Nectar does a excellent job at providing those pressure points according to some client's experience.


Cerberus FTP Server version 10 is certified for Windows Server 2019. If you're considering moving to Microsoft's latest software version, the following resource list will help familiarize you with what's new.
FTPS vs HTTPS: Which is the Right Tool for Secure File Transfer?
Guide to SSL: What is an SSL Certificate and How Does it Make Your Website Secure?
SCP or SFTP: Which is Better?


text:
iCloud — интернет-сервис с поддержкой push-технологий, созданный компанией Apple. Сервис создан в качестве замены платного онлайн-хранилища MobileMe. Впервые был представлен 6 июня 2011 года вместе с iOS 5 в режиме бета-тестирования для разработчиков. Для пользователей сервис стал доступным 12 октября 2011 года.

На WWDC14 в качестве одной из составляющих iCloud был представлен более традиционный по своей сути iCloud Drive.

iCloud работает на серверах Microsoft Azure и Amazon Web Services.

Компоненты
В состав сервиса iCloud входят следующие компоненты:
 Mail
 Контакты
 Календарь
 iCloud Drive
 Найти iPhone
 Заметки
 Напоминания
 Pages
 Numbers
 Keynote
 Фото

О сервисе
Сервис iCloud представляет реализацию облачного хранения данных, получить доступ к которым можно с устройства пользователя с операционной системой iOS (начиная с версии 5.0), OS Ⅹ (с версии Lion) или Windows (с версии Vista) по сети Интернет с использованием универсального идентификатора Apple ID, имеющегося у каждого покупателя iTunes Store. Каждому пользователю бесплатно предоставляется 5 гигабайт дискового пространства для хранения электронной почты, документов и резервных копий файлов.

Также сервис предоставляет возможность автоматической синхронизации с медиатекой в плеере iTunes, позволяя сохранить с помощью iCloud музыку, книги и приложения. Музыкальные композиции будут сканированы в медиатеке ваших устройств и по найденным совпадениям из 18 миллионов треков в магазине iTunes Store, через сервис iTunes Match, перенесёт их в вашу учётную запись. Использование iTunes Match обойдётся в $24.99 в год. C 4 декабря 2012 года, в связи с запуском в России (и в других 52 странах мира) iTunes Store, сервис iTunes Match также доступен российским пользователям. Годовая подписка стоит 799 рублей.

App Store и iBookstore позволяют загружать приобретённые программы и книги на все устройства пользователя, не ограничиваясь тем, с которого совершались покупки. Apple добавила возможность просматривать историю покупок и загружать оттуда любые программы или книги на любое устройство пользователя под управлением операционной системы Apple iOS.

Почта
iCloud предоставляет возможность обмениваться сообщениями электронной почты. С момента запуска пользователям предоставлялись почтовые адреса @me.com (этот же домен использовался для MobileMe c 2008 года). С 19 сентября 2012 iCloud выдаёт адреса @icloud.com. Пользователи, зарегистрировавшиеся в iCloud до этой даты (а также бывшие подписчики MobileMe), могут использовать оба адреса. Пользователи Mac, перешедшие на MobileMe, а впоследствии iCloud, могут использовать все три адреса: @mac.com, @me.com и @icloud.com.

Помимо приложений Apple для OS X и iOS, пользователи могут получать доступ к сообщениям через веб-браузер, а также через стандартные протоколы IMAP и SMTP (например, в Microsoft Outlook).

Найти моих друзей
Приложение «Найти моих друзей» (Find My Friends) является частью iCloud и позволяет находить местоположение ваших друзей, приятелей и коллег. На карте показывается ваше местоположение и одновременно всех ваших друзей, которые в настоящий момент находятся в сети. Необходимым условием «слежки» с помощью Find My Friends является подтверждение запроса на возможность обнаружения. Друзья добавляются с помощью приглашения, которое приходит на почту, а также видны в специальной вкладке в самой программе.

Найти iPhone
Приложение «Найти iPhone, iPad, iPod touch или Mac» (Find My iPhone, iPad, iPod touch or Mac) позволяет найти любое устройство под управлением iOS или Mac OS, заблокировать его или удалённо стереть все данные. Для обнаружения нужно активировать эту функцию на самом устройстве, введя логин и пароль от учётной записи iCloud. Отключить функцию без ввода пароля невозможно, так что это может послужить защитой от кражи. Для работы нужно подключение к сети Интернет. «Найти iPhone» это одна из функций встроенной программы Locator, у которой существуют еще 3 важных параметра для настройки.

Критика
В январе 2020 года, из-за отказа корпорации Apple от планов сквозного шифрования данных пользователей, российский предприниматель Павел Дуров назвал сервис iCloud «инструментом слежки», добавив, что «приложения, которые используют его для хранения ваших личных сообщений, также являются проблемой».

См. также
 Связка ключей iCloud
 Массовый взлом аккаунтов iCloud (2014)

Примечания

Ссылки
 iCloud на официальном сайте Apple
 Справка по iCloud
 Статус сервисов Apple

Программное обеспечение Apple
Интернет-сервисы Apple
Облачные приложения
Облачные системы хранения

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Located off Highway 20, the Country Inn & Suites® by Radisson, Waterloo, IA provides guests with a convenient location near Waterloo Regional Airport (ALO) and downtown Cedar Falls. Business travelers can attend seminars and events at Five Sullivan Brothers Convention Center, just three miles away, and families can make a splash at Lost Island Waterpark, just four minutes from the hotel. For a fun night out with friends or colleagues, pick out a new outfit from Crossroads Mall and try your luck on the slots and tables at nearby Isle Casino.
For added space, reserve a King One-bedroom Suite which features a private bedroom with a king-size bed as well as a separate living room with a sleeper sofa.
We invite you and your family to fill a plate with waffles, breakfast burritos and more each morning at our free, hot breakfast. Planning an early trip to Lost Island Waterpark? Grab a breakfast bowl and fresh juice to enjoy on the go.
Plan a memorable team lunch or dinner at one of several nearby restaurants like The Brown Bottle, where you can dig into comforting Italian dishes and crispy thin-crust pizza.
Isle Casino – Roll the dice at this popular gaming facility, located less than three miles from the hotel. Try your luck at more than 950 slot machines or 25 card tables, and celebrate your winnings at one of several restaurants like Otis & Henry's Steakhouse.
George Wyth State Park – Enjoy the great outdoors with a stroll along the scenic trails in George Wyth State Park. The trails link to a more-than-100-mile network within Waterloo and Cedar Falls. Pack a picnic for an afternoon of fishing, swimming or boating with the family.
Cedar Valley Arboretum & Botanic Gardens – Enjoy 40 acres of gardens teeming with colorful plants and flowers native to the Waterloo region. If you're visiting with the kids, don't miss the award-winning Children's Garden, which features a Dinosaur Dig Sandbox and a Music Hall.
Hosting a family gathering, a team strategy session or an important celebration in Waterloo? The Country Inn & Suites offers a convenient meeting venue for up to 40 guests just minutes from the ALO airport. Allow our friendly staff to set up the room according to your specifications, and ask about audiovisual equipment rentals to enhance your gathering.
The Country Inn & Suites, Waterloo, IA makes the ideal home base for business and leisure travelers visiting the Cedar Falls area. If you're attending a seminar at Five Sullivan Brothers Convention Center, review your notes in our hotel's well-equipped business center and keep your suit looking fresh with our on-site dry-cleaning service. Traveling with family and need to find the hours for the Lost Island Waterpark? Use our free Wi-Fi to search for opening times and plan the rest of your travel itinerary to nearby Waterloo attractions. After a full day, grab a complimentary cookie from the lobby before heading down to the indoor pool for a relaxing soak.
Our trained hotel staff will stay up-to-date on your group's needs before and during your stay with us. You can rest assured the Country Inn & Suites, Waterloo, IA hotel will be ready to warmly welcome your team so you can relax, because the rest comes easy.


text:
La Hakob Tonoyani anvan Sowpergavat' 2005 è stata l'ottava edizione della supercoppa armena di calcio.

L'incontro, che si giocò il 27 maggio 2005 nella capitale Erevan tra il  e il , venne vinto dal P'yownik, al suo quarto titolo.

Tabellino

Voci correlate
 Bardsragujn chumb 2005
 Hayastani Ankaxowt'yan Gavat' 2005

Collegamenti esterni

Calcio nel 2005
Supercoppa d'Armenia


We have to say, The BAcksliders may be Dallas' most relentless self-promoters (they're also relentless proponents of awkward capitalization). Not only did they send us copies of their debut full-length and recently released pink vinyl 45; they sent them to every writer on staff -- even Matt Pulle. We soon discovered, however, that the band is best experienced live, because you can't hear Kim Pendleton's racy attire, and greasy garage-soul numbers like "If I Could Wait" just don't translate to CDs and MySpace players.


text:
'Zoolander 2' tries a little too hard to up the ante
February 28, 2016 March 2, 2016 admin 0 Comments cinema, entertainment, film, movie, review, Zoolander 2
IN case you don't follow the global fashion calendar, Fashion Week has just begun in New York, bringing with it a few nice clothes plus the usual over-the-top weirdness — bizarrely themed runway shows and front-row fashionistas teetering on stilt-like heels, swathed in feathers and smoothed out with dangerous doses of Botox.
Ben Stiller portrays Derek Zoolander, from left, Owen Wilson portrays Hansel and Penelope Cruz portrays Valentina Valencia in a scene from, "Zoolander 2." (AP PHOTO)
Not coincidentally, Ben Stiller's "Zoolander 2" also opens this week, sporting everything we just mentioned — except maybe the few nice clothes.
Of course, unlike Fashion Week, every element of "Zoolander 2," both directed and co-written by Stiller, is aimed at being silly and ridiculous — like the original 15 years ago, yet more so. And "yet more so" ends up being the problem. This sequel ups the ante so aggressively and relentlessly that you may find yourself pining for a relaxing night in front of a 2001-era TV, watching the original on a VHS tape.
That's not to say that there aren't moments when you'll laugh out loud, especially when your favorite celebrity or designer appears for a cameo (is there anyone Stiller COULDN'T get to appear in his film?) But eventually you'll start to feel like your smile is sort of freezing on your face (Botox or no Botox); in your heart, you've just stopped laughing.
But boy, those cameos. We begin with none other than Justin Bieber, chased through the streets of Rome for unknown reasons and gunned down, bullets riddling his body like in a "Godfather" film. Before succumbing, though, he manages to send a duck-faced selfie to his fans.
This prologue sets up the international intrigue part of the movie, but all you need to know is that Penelope Cruz (looking great) is the head of Interpol's Global Fashion Division, and she's trying to track down why so many rock stars are being killed (buh-bye, Boss!)
Now back to the US, where our familiar heroes, male models Derek (Stiller) and Hansel (Owen Wilson), are living in seclusion on separate coasts — Derek alone, in the snowy wilds of "extremely northern New Jersey," and Hansel in the sandy desert known as Malibu, where he lives with Orgy, a group of possessive lovers including women of various ages, an animal, and — playing himself —Kiefer Sutherland.
Years ago, it turns out, catastrophe struck Derek's "Center for Kids Who Can't Read Good," and the result, among other things, was a rift with Hansel. But now, the men are suddenly summoned to Rome to walk in a fashion show hosted by mega-tycoon Alexanya Atoz (Kristen Wiig, unrecognizable, channeling Donatella Versace and murdering vowels each time she opens her inflated lips).
Reunited, the two discover that the designer they're appearing for, Don Atari (Kyle Mooney), is a millennial who endlessly spouts trendy jargon. In one genuinely funny jibe at fashion designers, Atari's holding his runway show not at the lovely Trevi Fountain, but at an abandoned medical waste facility ("Totally toxic, but chill," he notes.) Benedict Cumberbatch shows up here, spoofing gender fluidity as a character named "All." (A transgender joke? That's nothing; this movie also squeezes in a Malala gag.)
Anyway, soon the guys are pulled into the plot involving those rock-star murders, and a possible actual Fountain of Youth. This is where Mugatu (Will Ferrell) comes in. Remember him? Well, he's in jail — fashion jail. Once he gets out, we're ready for the final confrontation, where suddenly every designer you've ever heard of appears.
Valentino? Check. Hilfiger too. The Wangs — Alexander AND Vera. Marc Jacobs. And of course, the doyenne of fashion, Vogue editor Anna Wintour, gamely doing comedy. The quantity of all these cameos — we haven't even told you about the rock stars — is impressive.
Yet, like too many blinding sequins on a runway gown, quantity can be a bit stifling, too. Two stars out of four. (AP)
← Kanye West 'The Life of Pablo'
Computer as driver? 'Yes' from feds boosts self-driving cars →
'John Wick: Chapter 2' is an extravagantly violent good time
'The Jungle Book' is a dazzling visual experience
May 1, 2016 admin 0
A scoundrel is born in Star Wars spinoff Solo


There are 7 posts tagged nanowrimo (this is page 1 of 1).
Consider yourself warned. This reading journal is about to become a writing journal!
Here's my MAGNA CARTA I (see No Plot? No Problem! for details) – a list of things I really like in books.
What about you? What elements do you really like in your stories?
Hi there, friends! Once again, I have registered to participate in National Novel Writing Month. (If you want to be buddies, you can find me under the name KimberlyH.) I have tried plotting and I have tried pantsing, and I have gotten almost halfway to the 50,000 word finish line, but I have yet to complete a NaNovel. So I'm trying a few things differently this year.
1) I am neither pantsing nor plotting, but doing this bizarre thing where I have a vague notion and I have notes about ideas I want to use, but I have no idea where this thing is taking me.
2) I am treating this like a giant 50,000 word free write, which is what it's supposed to be anyway. I don't know why I have always felt like I needed to write a GOOD novel for NaNo. It's not really the point.
3) I am soliciting you as members of my reading group. All this means is that as I write the novel, you will get installments emailed to you for you to read or delete at will. I do request that you offer no critique during the NaNo-ing period; we'll save that for NaNoEdMo. But reminders and proddings to send more story are perfectly acceptable.
If you would like to be part of my reading group, comment here or drop me an email at your preferred address for me or at lectitans at gmail dot com. You will get an invite to a Google Group called "The Theatre Fairy." I am the only person with posting access and I promise only to send out story bits. I will need your email address to invite you.
So if you'd care to join me for this crazy ride, let me know!


Deacon R. Steven Santoleri, 55, in ministry at St. Cornelius Parish in Chadds Ford, died Sept. 13.
He was ordained at the Cathedral Basilica of SS. Peter and Paul by Bishop Daniel E. Thomas on June 2, 2012, one year ahead of his scheduled ordination date with special permission from Archbishop Charles Chaput because of his very grave diagnosed cancer. Bishop Thomas will also be celebrant and homilist at Deacon Santoleri's scheduled Sept. 17 funeral Mass. Among the concelebrants will be Bishop W. Francis Malooley of Wilmington.
Deacon Santoleri was the husband of Carla (D'Ambrosio) Santoleri and the father of five children. Born in Bryn Mawr, the son of Adelaide (Rofi) Santoleri and the late Emidio Santoleri, he attended Our Lady of the Assumption School in Strafford, Archbishop Carroll High School and earned a Bachelor of Science degree in chemical engineering from Villanova University. He was employed for 33 years by E.I. DuPont, most recently as manager of global operations, until his retirement this year.
With all of his busy work schedule and family life, Deacon Santoleri found time for many other mostly church-related activities, including board memberships with Generation Life and Amigos de Jesus, an orphanage in Honduras. He also worked with the Pro-Life Education Foundation in Philadelphia, the King's Men organization in Lansdale, and Legatus in Wilmington. Deacon Santoleri was also a fourth degree Knight of Columbus.
Other concelebrants at his funeral Mass were Msgr. John P. Hopkins of the Wilmington Diocese and Fathers Michael J. Fitzpatrick and Dennis J. O'Donnell.
Deacon of the Mass at Deacon Santoleri's funeral was Transitional Deacon Jason Buck. What was unusual is Deacon Santoleri vested Deacon Buck at his ordination as a transitional deacon and now Deacon Buck was serving at his funeral. Deacon chaplains at the Mass were Permanent Deacons Harry Morris and Richard Wirth.
In addition to his mother and wife, Deacon Santoleri is survived by his children Matthew, Stephanie, Jeffery, Rich and Carl; also two brothers and one sister.
Interment will be at Calvary Cemetery, West Conshohocken.
Deacon Steve is our nephew and has participated in all of the organizations listed in your article. Steve was a leader in all, making sure that he would do all necessary to make the organization flourish. He was a great family man, involving Carla, daughter Stephanie and all of his sons in construction projects around their home as well as in Honduras for the orphanage. He gained much of his know how from my brother, Emidio as well as his desire to do all possible with his own hands. Steve was also active in the Men of Malvern having attended 21 retreats in 19 years. Steve was a recruiter in our retreat group striving every year to bring more men to God.


Commercial, Industrial, Residential and Agricultural Sandblasting, Painting and Welding. A1 RESTORE IT, LLC added 24 new photos to the album: Affordable Sprinkler.
ServiceMaster Fire and Water Restoration by A-1 Restore use infrared technology as part of the mold detection process and special chemicals to help remediate the mold and protect your home. Take action at the first sign of mold. If the mold growth already seems large, call the experts at ServiceMaster Fire and Water Restoration by A-1 Restore.
A1 Restorations is a community based general contracting corporation serving Southeast Wisconsin. We are deliver exceptional building and contracting services to residential and commercial clients including: additions, remodels, custom kitchen and bath, handyman services, and snow removal.


2018 ARRL Field Day – Newton Amateur Radio Association Inc.
Newton Amateur Radio Association Inc., or NARA, will be participating in Field Day again this year from 1 p.m. Saturday, June 23th, until 12 noon. Sunday the 24th at Maytag Park in Newton, Iowa (exact location in the park to be determined).
Field Day is a 24-hour period to test a radio club's readiness for emergency communications.
Ham radio is the "go-to" form of communication should an event cause a power outage that affects common forms of communications, such as phone or 911 services. Ham radio clubs have provided emergency communications during many of the disasters here in America as well as around the world.
The NARA is setup to provide communications separate from the 911 center and have tested communications with the state emergency operations center at Camp Dodge and with the National Weather Service in Johnston. During bad weather situations, the NARA will regularly exchange status reports received from trained storm spotters and then provide the reports to the weather service. In past storms, NARA has provided the 911 dispatchers with flash flooding information, and information regarding downed trees, blocking of roadways or damaged power lines. If the status of conditions in a certain area is needed, one of our club members will go and check it out and report back. If for some reason the antennas or equipment at the Law Enforcement Center were to become inoperable, the Emergency Operations Center station now provides backup.
One of the main activities of the club, besides emergency communications, is the annual Field Day operation. Field Day is a national operation of about 2,300 radio clubs like the NARA.
The clubs take to the field with generators, portable antennas and equipment, and then try to reach as many different stations as they can in a 24-hour period. Field Day is a chance for clubs across the nation to test their equipment and try to best each other in competition.
The Newton Amateur Radio Association of Newton Iowa is a non-profit organization that started as an outgrowth the of YMCA's ham radio club established in 1937.
For more information visit our website at http://www.w0wml.org or contact Chuck Wagoner, Emergency Coordinator for Newton Amateur Radio Association Inc. at 641-521-1938.


text:
ourBeeb
The BBC's Great War
There are always two disciplines in play when broadcasting tackles history: one is broadcasting, the other is history. And the needs of broadcasting usually come first, as they do, in David Elstein's opinion, in the earliest of the 2500 hours worth of programming the BBC is transmitting in memory of the Great War.
David Elstein
In the post this week came a letter from Adrian van Klaveren, the Controller of the BBC's World War One Centenary, enclosing a DVD of some of its early offerings from a planned 4-year provision of over 2,500 hours of commemorative programming.
It is still four months before the actual anniversary of the start of the First World War, but this DVD included an episode from Jeremy Paxman's 4-hour documentary series on BBC entitled "Britain's Great War", and contrasting views from historians Max Hastings and Niall Ferguson ("The Necessary War" and "The Pity of War"). Not included was the 3-part drama from BBC2, entitled "37 Days", which purported to tell the story of the war's outbreak from the perspective of the British cabinet room and Foreign Office.
These are substantial pieces of work, and taken together explain why other UK broadcasters have chosen to sit this war out for the most part (other than having it play a part in some period dramas). I salute the BBC for its courage and commitment as the main state broadcaster in trying to do justice to such an important subject. I just wish I was equally impressed by the productions themselves.
Paxman's War
The Paxman series was broad ranging, superbly assembled, full of quirky detail, beautifully researched, and presented in stylish and exemplary fashion by one of the BBC's most familiar current affairs faces.
And yet how did it rate as actual history? It offered almost no insight into how and why Britain entered the war (presumably that task had been assigned to "37 Days"). In the brief moment when reasons are canvassed by Paxman, he refers to the need "to honour treaties, defend the Empire and protect Britain". He talks of ensuring that Germany did not "amass an Empire stretching from somewhere deep in Russia to the shores of the English Channel". He tells us that Britain was "gripped by fear of invasion" and that the High Command believed that the enemy might land at any time.
Even if there were such a fear, it bore little relation to reality, and perhaps series producer Julian Birkett, or his colleagues at the Open University who co-produced the programmes, might have told us such. Far from Britain facing "its biggest threat for 1,000 years", the German Navy was in no position to launch an invasion – Napoleon, 100 years earlier, posed a far more serious danger.
The notion of a Germany lusting for a chunk of the British Empire, and "aiming to dominate all of Europe by invading both Russia and France" may have fitted popular ideas of a bloodthirsty Kaiser who had long envied Britain's naval power and overseas sweep. However, Germany had acknowledged by 1913 that it had lost the naval arms race, and by the summer of 1914, Britain's superiority was beyond dispute. Indeed, even the Russian navy had built more ships than the German navy in 1913.
Professor Paul Kennedy, in the Cambridge History of The First World War, published this year, concludes that Britain had a 75% advantage over Germany in dreadnoughts, a 25% advantage in battlecruisers, a 200% advantage in cruisers and a 125% advantage in submarines. Professor Christopher Clark, in his 2012 book "The Sleepwalkers", tells us that "British policy-makers were less obsessed with, and less alarmed by, German naval building than is often supposed...the Germans lost the naval race hands down".
As for Germany's imperial ambitions, virtually all its possessions were seized within months of the war starting, by a combination of Britain, France, Australia, New Zealand and Japan. Professor Kennedy says that "the ruination and elimination of Germany's overseas positions came fast and total, and there were few surprises". Even if Britain had not sent a single soldier to France, but had simply bottled up the German fleet in its North Sea ports – as it did – there would have been no threat to the Empire.
But what if Germany had indeed conquered mainland Europe? Arguably, Germany entered the war with no territorial ambitions, but rather motivated by a determination to prevent its encircling enemies – who had mobilized against her first – from crushing her. Prussia had seized land from Denmark and France in defeating them thirty years earlier, but to attribute to Kaiser Wilhelm II Hitlerite dreams of straddling the whole of Europe is to project a quite different set of war aims into July 1914, or even August 1914.
Indeed, the Kaiser did not really want to go to war, however much some of his military chiefs favoured a "preventive" conflict before Russia grew too strong. Even after Russia collapsed, Germany's primary aim was to survive, not to expand. The war aims it published in September 1914 involved some territorial gains, and effective control over the Low Countries. Yet Foreign Office officials were just as concerned by the prospect of Russia and France dominating Europe as Germany: the imperial ambitions of those countries worried Britain at least as much as Germany's.
After all, if Britain had specifically wanted to constrain Germany, it had had every opportunity to join the Franco-Russian Entente in the twenty years before war broke out. However, the central plank of British foreign policy for centuries had been to maintain a balance of power within Europe whilst avoiding firm alliances. Moreover, even in July 1914, so divided was public opinion, the press, Parliament and the cabinet as between war and neutrality, that the Foreign Minister, Sir Edward Grey, was unable to make a decisive intervention until the German army invaded Belgium.
Even then, as Professor Jay Winter, editor of the Cambridge History, says: "only when it became absolutely clear that the main thrust of the German invasion was head on through Belgium, and not further south through France, was he able to sway his cabinet colleagues".
Clearly, Belgian neutrality, guaranteed by the Treaty of London of 1839, was the immediate casus belli, rather than fear of a dominant Germany. Grey had ducked the issue of Britain's treaty obligations to Luxembourg's neutrality, despite Germany's invasion of the Duchy, by arguing that the signatories to that treaty had a collective duty, whereas the duty to Belgium was joint and several. Yet even the treaty commitment to Belgium was not absolute: another signatory, the Netherlands, remained neutral throughout the war, and refused to hand over the Kaiser when he took refuge there in 1918.
Winston Churchill, the most interventionist member of the Liberal cabinet, conceded that, if the Germans had simply marched through southern Belgium, promising an indemnity for any damage caused, rather than sending the Belgians an ultimatum (which in turn triggered the Belgian call for Britain to uphold its treaty obligations), they might have got away without a British declaration of war. As Grey cynically noted, Britain could scarcely be more Belgian than the Belgians: if Berlin had succeeded, in early August, in its attempt to persuade Belgium to see sense, call a halt to hostilities, and belatedly accept German guarantees and indemnities, Britain might have had to rescind its declaration. Neutrality was not a black and white issue.
Indeed, Britain's blockade of Germany (barely mentioned by Paxman, in favour of a lengthy account of Germany's belated attempt to blockade Britain through unrestricted submarine warfare) came close to breaching the neutrality of the Netherlands (and certainly caused the Dutch great hardship). As for submarine warfare's impact on civilians, Paxman roundly condemns the sinking of the Lusitania as "murder", making one wonder how the producers of Newsnight might react if he editorialised in similar fashion during a future discussion of Allied fire-bombing of German and Japanese cities in World War Two.
Curiously, Paxman's third episode told the story of the German daylight bombing of the Fenchurch Street area of London on June 13th 1917 – "the most destructive air raid of the war", he tells us, and one which he claimed was a complete surprise. He was wrong on both counts. 21 German bombers had attacked Folkestone less than a fortnight earlier, killing 165 civilians and injuring 432: for all the attention paid by Paxman to the Fenchurch Street attack and the shelling of Hartlepool in 1914, that was actually the most damaging raid on the British coast throughout the war.
Of course, in just four episodes – each of them, in its own fashion, exceptionally well made – it would not have been reasonable to ask of Britain's Great War that it offer the kind of context ITV's 26-part The World At War so notably managed.
The historians slug it out
So it was with a real expectation of such context that I turned to the two historians, granted primetime slots on successive nights for their highly different presentations (though both – oddly – chose to start with a visit to the grave of a relative who died in the war).
Hastings chose a straightforward documentary technique, only interviewing historians who shared his view that the war was both necessary and justified. Ferguson provided a bravura mixed media lecture, using film, graphics, projections and sound effects before exposing his claim that Britain's entry into the war had been a great mistake to a studio audience of predominantly young people and a panel of historians: who mostly dissented from his conclusions.
Gerry Hassan has already noted for oD ("The Land of the Living Dead" February 22nd 2014) the curious discrepancy between the verdict Max Hastings offered in his book on the subject ("the excesses of the Kaiser's nation cannot be reasonably compared with those of the Nazi regime") with his programme's assertion that Wilhelm's "war aims were little different from those of Hitler".
Wilhelm himself is dismissed as "almost certainly clinically unstable", and as a man whose role in the German Empire was to decide issues of war and peace, yet who was not at heart a warmonger. In fact, he had been educated at a normal German school, not a military academy, and although he enthusiastically pursued naval construction and colonial expansion, he was no different in that regard from the rulers of Britain, France and Russia.
As for Germany's war "guilt" – previously espoused by the victors at Versailles, and a school of German historians in the 1960s – Hastings veers between saying Germany cared nothing for democracy (despite being considerably more democratic than Britain, let alone Russia) and citing an expert historian, John Rohl (Wilhelm's biographer) arguing that it was actually the rising tide of anti-war German social democracy that induced the Kaiser's generals to opt for war whilst they could still control it: a variation of the "preventive war" policy attributed to the chief of staff, Moltke.
Hastings condemns Wilhelm for giving Austria-Hungary a "blank cheque" on July 6th – barely a week after his good friends, the Archduke and the Archduchess of Austria-Hungary, had been murdered – to take a firm line with Serbia, after it became clear that Bosnian Serbs had been responsible for the Sarajevo assassination, almost certainly aided by Serbian officers in Belgrade.
Yet Wilhelm had acted in close consultation with his Chancellor, Bethmann Hollweg, and assured his generals there would be no war, as Serbia would inevitably back down (which indeed it did), whilst he went off for a three week sailing holiday. When he returned, to find that a belated, but fierce, Austrian ultimatum had been substantially accepted by Belgrade, he was astonished that Austria persisted with a declaration of war, a partial mobilization and a ham-fisted attack on the evacuated capital of Serbia, which bordered Austria. He urged Austria to halt there, as sufficient payback for the Sarajevo outrage.
One of the historians included in the Hastings film was the sprightly 91-year-old Sir Michael Howard, former Regius Professor of History at Oxford, and our most eminent military historian. He actually wrote to The Times in February claiming that the chief reason the British government entered the war "was the fear that if Germany won the war and acquired a Napoleonic dominance over Europe she would set about building a fleet that would enable her to challenge Britain as a world power and destroy her empire".
Historical studies have moved on somewhat in the 25 years since Sir Michael left Oxford, and – perhaps apart from Hastings – few current authorities support such an extreme view. There were certainly politicians and military leaders who feared Germany more than other continental powers, but the evidence is decisive that they could not have persuaded either the government, or the British people, of the need to join a war between France and Russia on the one hand and Germany and Austria-Hungary on the other, but for the German breach of Belgian neutrality; and, as noted above, even this was not completely decisive.
Hastings duly recounts German brutalities: but those in Belgium post-dated the decision to go to war (and were anyway on a scale quite different from Hitler's atrocities). And it scarcely makes sense to personify German aggressive behaviour in the Kaiser's pathology without explaining how he was effectively sidelined in 1916 by his generals, and stripped of any real power long before being forced to resign in 1918.
So the Hastings approach seems to fail on three fronts: fear of German dominance was clearly not the reason for Britain entering the war, and was anyway an anxiety on the wane by July 1914; Germany may have developed war aims after the start of hostilities, but had none prior to that which could allow British entry to be described as "necessary"; and Britain's most important war objectives – preserving naval dominance and protecting the Empire – could just as readily have been accomplished without committing any infantry.
Curiously, Niall Ferguson is so keen to argue his case that Britain should not have entered the war at all that he largely ignores this subtler point, even when one of his panel of historians, Gary Sheffield, reminds him that we held back from committing substantial land forces to the Napoleonic Wars until 1809.
Ferguson's hyper-realism – "Germany has ended up dominating Western Europe anyway, without terrible consequences, so would a German customs union imposed in 1916 have been all that bad?" – received short shrift from his audience: yet he gave us considerable pause for thought.
Apart from a bizarre moment when he used a clip from the famous ITV lectures on the Origins of the First World War, delivered by his hero A J P Taylor, and credited it to the BBC (!), Ferguson offered a rat-a-tat of unfamiliar and disturbing statistics. In terms of personnel and resources deployed, the Entente powers massively outweighed Germany and Austro-Hungary, by ratios of 5:1 and 4:1, and it was only Germany's vastly more effective fighting effort (inflicting 35% more casualties than it suffered) that prolonged the war into its fifth year.
He also contrasted the fate of Serbia – ostensibly a winner in terms of post-war territorial gains, but at the cost of losing 23% of its military age males – with that of the USA, losing just 0.4% of its equivalent cohort, yet emerging as the dominant economic and military power after 1918, precisely because it joined the war so late. And he showed how Britain's apparent victory proved hollow: an enlarged but weakened Empire, whose legacy, not least in its new leading role in the Middle East, proved so disastrous for so many nations.
But what actually happened?
These six and a half hours of high quality programming still offered very little on the origins of the conflict: so perhaps three hours of high budget drama devoted to just this topic – the famous "37 Days" between the Sarajevo assassinations and the formal declaration of war by Britain – would serve that purpose: but sadly, not.
The drama revolved around two conceits. The first was the use as bookends of the story of two fictional clerks in the respective telegraph rooms of the British Foreign Office and the German Chancellery, who also provided occasional narration and thumbnail sketches of key characters. The limit of their usefulness was only underlined by a laborious coda whereby they were both recruited for combat.
The other conceit was that somehow viewing the evolving crisis through the prism of London would not only engage British viewers but illuminate the subject: an ambition fatally undermined by the fact that London played only a minor part in the 37 days until near their end. In a dramatised version of Sean McMeekin's authoritative "Countdown to War", Foreign Secretary Sir Edward Grey makes no appearance until July 24th, or day 26 (full declaration: I commissioned the script).
The writer of "37 Days", Mark Hayhurst, boldly finesses this awkward fact by launching his drama with a telegram announcing the Sarajevo killings ostensibly arriving at the Foreign Office, and our "clerk" asking Grey's apparently closest advisor, Sir Eyre Crowe, whether the Foreign Secretary might be disturbed with this news. Later that day, Grey, Winston Churchill and David Lloyd George are seen dining with Prime Minister Asquith and his wife, Margot, discussing the implications of the assassinations.
In point of fact, Grey was nowhere near the Foreign Office on that warm Sunday: he was, as usual for an English country gentleman, away for the weekend. Kaiser Wilhelm was sailing in a regatta when the news of the death of his close friends was flung onto the deck of his yacht by one of his admirals; President Poincare of France was at the races at Longchamp when the message arrived; Grey was indulging in a spot of fly-fishing – a subject on which he was an authority – and heard nothing.
Crowe, as it happens, was not Grey's closest advisor – that was his private secretary, Sir William Tyrell. Crowe was one of the group of officials who were hostile to Germany – the country where he had lived till he was 17. Portrayed by the excellent Nicholas Farrell as a smooth Englishman, he actually had a marked guttural accent. By contrast, all the German characters in the drama were played by English-speaking German actors, all with stage German accents, even though the Kaiser, for one, spoke fluent English – he was still writing lengthy letters in English to his English mother when he was in his late teenage years.
Likewise, the long-serving French ambassador in London, Paul Cambon, spoke not a word of English, while Grey had never bothered to learn any French: their heated exchanges in English in "37 Days" are simply further examples of fairly harmless dramatic licence.
Yet the cumulative effect of so much re-shaping of reality is the risk of misleading the viewer. It is bad enough to pretend that nothing important happened in Paris and Belgrade (which are not even glimpsed), or in Vienna and St Petersburg (reduced to a couple of scenes each in which, respectively, a decrepit Emperor Franz-Josef and a stern Tsar Nicholas are left wordless as our narrators dismiss them). The long-serving Austrian ambassador to Berlin, Count Szogyeny, is also portrayed as wordless, in the guise of diminutive fop: we are now in the realm, not of dramatic licence, or even comedy drama, but racist nonsense.
Reducing foreigners to cardboard cut-outs and bloodthirsty caricatures serves neither history nor the audience well. Disposing of Franz Ferdinand in two words as "arrogant" and "bullying", when he had personally intervened dozens of times in 1913 alone to prevent Austria-Hungary's military leaders from declaring war on Serbia, is casual and dismissive. Recycling myths about his assassin, Gavrilo Princip, such as showing him running alongside the Archduke's car, firing seven shots with apparently no witnesses, is equally perplexing: Princip managed to fire just two shots (both, as it happens, fatal) before being seized by the angry crowd, and prevented from using his revolver, his concealed bomb or even his poison dose to take his own life. Why offer tosh when truth is just as easy to portray?
Perhaps that detail is minor: yet Hayhurst persists in much larger adjustments to the known record, not least in his attempt to portray Grey as the sensitive fulcrum for the great decisions. He treats Grey's proposal for a four-power mediation between Austria and Serbia as a serious idea, when its structure – including three nations unsympathetic to Austria but leaving Russia free to ignore the outcome of the mediation – rendered it, in Christopher Clark's crisp phrase, "a non-starter".
Grey's strangest notion was to invite Germany to promise not to attack France, in exchange for Britain not only pledging its own neutrality in the event of war between Russia and Germany, but France's too. How Britain was to deliver such a pledge, especially when France had been for decades bound to Russia in a mutual defence alliance, is impossible to understand.
Hayhurst tries to let Grey off the hook by including a scene where a telephone call with the German ambassador, Prince Lichnowsky, is garbled in transmission. There was indeed a call; but Grey's private secretary Tyrell had conveyed this proposal to Lichnowsky both before and after the call. Indeed, Grey had even told Cambon (to the ambassador's astonishment) and his own ambassador in Paris. As "37 Days" correctly shows, Berlin was ecstatic at this idea, and the Kaiser fired his chief of staff, Moltke, for refusing to carry out his instruction to cancel orders to march into Luxembourg (which was part of the long-established plan for any attack on France). Only when Wilhelm sent a telegram to King George asking for confirmation was he disabused of his sense of triumph: the King's late night reply (no doubt composed by Grey, who was somewhat stunned by the Kaiser's wording) conceded that there "may have been a misunderstanding".
Only a day earlier, the King had been dragged out of bed at one in the morning by Asquith and Tyrell (Grey was fast asleep) to sign a telegram to the Tsar appealing to him to delay or rescind any mobilization that Russia might have ordered (the British ambassador in St Petersburg had been carefully duped by the Russians and the French, but reports of troop movements were too insistent to ignore). This splendid scene (Asquith described his embarrassment at encountering the King "in a brown dressing gown over his night shirt") failed to make the screen in "37 Days". Instead, a formal meeting with Grey to correct the confusion over French neutrality – wrongly depicted as daytime rather than the actual urgent evening session – is included.
It is hard not to conclude that the point of this entire exercise is to wallow in nostalgic fantasies of past imperial power, with an all-seeing Foreign Secretary carefully edging the deeply divided British cabinet into a marginal decision to go to war. To this end, the entire role of France and Russia – nervously checking with each other that they would stick with their prior agreement, confirmed in a week-long state visit by President Poincare to the Tsar in late July 1914, to crush Germany, with Serbia as the excuse – is concealed from view. That Germany was the last of the great continental powers to mobilize is lost in the need to depict German war guilt.
Dramatic shaping also requires Lloyd George to emerge as something of a hero, reluctantly embracing the interventionist argument, and breaking with his pacifist Liberal comrades. Amusingly, Christopher Clark in "The Sleepwalkers" largely ignores Lloyd George, but does give full weight to the part played by backbench Conservative MP George Lloyd, at a crucial stage in the debate.
Lloyd had been to see Cambon, who revealed that Grey had privately promised France, years earlier, without telling the cabinet, that the Royal Navy would guarantee France's Channel ports in the event of a French conflict with Germany, allowing France to concentrate its naval forces in the Mediterranean. Lloyd gathered a powerful group of Tory colleagues, and the party's leaders made clear to Asquith that they would support intervention. If the Liberal cabinet's divisions caused the government to fall, a Conservative cabinet would not hesitate to join the Entente. It was this inexorable logic, as much as the persistence of the German invasion of Belgium, which drove the anti-interventionist ministers to resign, persuaded Lloyd George to opt for staying in power, and finally tipped Britain into war.
Department of sour grapes
The complexity of what actually happened in the 37 days has filled hundreds of books and fuelled decades of debate. It does scant justice to that complexity to imply that it was all down to a militarist Germany and a decaying Austria, with brave Britain carefully trying to manage an unravelling situation.
Yet that is the only version of the countdown to war that the British public is likely to be offered. The remainder of the BBC's promised 2,500 hours of programming will not re-visit this period. And no other broadcaster is willing to enter the field, even when offered a better script and a more accurate account: as one commissioning editor put it, "we need to steer clear of anything that even slightly resembles" what the BBC is making, even if "it means having to turn down a lot of good projects, this one included...we can commission only those things where there is absolutely no sense of crossover".
That the BBC is willing to commit such massive resources to so important an anniversary as 1914-18 is wholly commendable. However, the crowding out effect of such an effort has a doubly unfortunate outcome: the misleading version is given an official BBC imprimatur, whilst an accurate version is forcibly sidelined. It's the Liberty Valance syndrome: when in doubt, print the legend.
Read the response from the BBC here.
If you want to keep OurBeeb debating the BBC, please chip in what you can afford.
Published in: openDemocracyUK
Hiding behind the Cenotaph, Cameron will seek to re-write history
Written by: Adam Ramsay All articles by: Adam Ramsay
The land of the living dead: Jeremy Paxman and Max Hasting's Britain
Written by: Gerry Hassan All articles by: Gerry Hassan
Published in: ourBeeb
The BBC's Great War - the Beeb responds
Written by: Adrian Van-Klaveren All articles by: Adrian Van-Klaveren
historians' arguments
historical accuracy
The BBC and the Great War


Compact at just 5.16"13.1 cm long and 3.60"91 mm tall, the LCP® is designed to fit a variety of holsters and provide concealed carry options.
Features a photoluminescent front sight with a drift-adjustable rear sight and red skeletonized aluminum trigger.
Also includes one 6-round magazine.


Visit Kent hosted a Welcome to Kent celebration last night to mark The Open being held in Sandwich, Kent.
The party was held at the famous Shepherd Neame brewery in Faversham. The family owned brewery was founded in 1698 and produces a range of fine cask ales and filtered beers, around 230,000 barrels a year. Shepherd Neame also own around 360 pubs, predominantly in Kent, London and southeastern England.
The night began with speeches from Barry McGuigan, world featherweight champion who introduced the Chief Executive of Shepherd Neame Brewery; Jonathan Neame.
He spoke to us about the history of the brewery and their plans for the future. Amanda Cottrell OBE, the Chairman of Visit Kent spoke about her excitement for the Open golf to be coming back to Kent. The MP Hugh Robertson, minister for Sport and the Olympics spoke about the next couple of years as a very exciting time for England and Kent.
The brewery was full of local produce and obviously lots of Shepherd Neame beer. We tried and tested all the beers and our favourite was the Whistable Bay organic beer, a clean and refreshing beer crafted from organic ingredients, including Target hops and barley. They teamed this beer with oysters from Whistable which beautiful and really complimented the organic beer.
There were tours of the brewery, live music from the Ian Shawcross Jazz band, a golf swing simulator where guests could compete against each other to see who could hit the golf ball the farthest and a hog roast which was delicious!
One of the Mulberry Cottages team practising her swing!


After upgrading to the new version I get the error "Arithmetic operation resulted in an overflow"	Solution: Please uninstall the program and reinstall the latest downloaded Microsoft Installer (.msi) file.
The file was processed twice. Though we prevent the processing of the same filename by the same trading partner. If the file is renamed the claims will be imported and duplicated.
The claim was submitted twice by the provider, then these identical claims have different file names. and maybe a different claimFilingCode.
Solution: Download the latest version. All our products have been updated to a new version. Sometimes you will need the full install. The .Net frame work needs to be updated and the ordinary Microsoft Installer (*.msi) files does not do this update automatically. The full install has a zip file with Setup.exe program which checks for all prerequisites and the standard .msi file. This Setup.exe executable will verify or install the .Net Framework 4.6.1 and other C++ libraries that we now upgraded to.
NOTE: you must be logged in to download the latest version.
Uninstall previous version. You will not lose any of your settings.
Download the zip file with the Setup.exe program. This Setup.exe executable will verify or install the .Net Framework 4.6.1 and other C++ libraries that we upgraded to.
Setup.exe will then perform the installation and from there on no further problems should persist.
Answer: There are several ways to create a Data Transformation process. One way is a SQL script using the database's innate programming language. The main trick in our table structure is the AutoID column that is used in the detail table as foreign key. This means that after the header record is written, we need to ask the database for the ID it just assigned to the new record. Then we can take this ID and write it in the detail record.
Here is a sample SQL script that populates HIPAA Claim Master's tables with data from a fictitious other table. Just three fields are used to show the principle.
The optional EDI Exchange module tracks every file that is processed in a database in a table called TransLog.
EDI Exchange checks before processing that the product of trading partner ID and filename is unique. If the file has been processed before, you will receive a message and the file will be moved to the Suspend directory.
NOTE: Without EDI Exchange, there is nothing preventing you from loading the same file multiple times.
Answer: There is an option to not display line level provider (Rendering) when it is the same as on the claim level.


text:
Q: Casting analysis I am a Java newbie and recently I got into some thinking on the following Android sample code:
TextView txt = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.activity_display_message);
TextView is a child of View class. And findViewById returns a View object.
I wanted to understand how and why we need to explicitly cast the returned View to TextView when the returned object MUST be actually a TextView, otherwise the casting will throw a cast exception.
So, this is my attempt to simulate what is going on behind the scenes with this mockup code:
class View{}
class TextView extends View{}

public class A{

    // simple hard coded check of the ID
    public static View findViewById(int id){

        if (id == 1){
            return new View();
        }
        else{
            return new TextView();
            //return ((View)new TextView()); // This also works
        }

    }

    public static void main(String[] args){

        TextView txt =  (TextView)findViewById(2); // Works fine
        //TextView txt2 =  findViewById(2); INCOMPATIBLE TYPES ERROR because the returned type is View
        View v = findViewById(2); // Works fine

        View view = new View();
        //TextView test = (TextView) view; // cast error

        View view2 = new TextView();
        TextView test2 = (TextView) view2; // Works OK

    }
}

Conclusion:
It turns out that findViewById actually casts to View any returned element. I guess it is because the defined return value of the method is View and Java automatically casts the result to View.
Please tell me if I am getting it right.

A: As you describe in the question, findViewById(R.id.activity_display_message); returns a View Object, in this case, you the programmer know that this particular View is actually a TextView Object, but findViewById only promises to return a View, or an instance of any class that descends from View, as any class that descends from View is still a View, it just might have more specific details available.
All that findViewById is guaranteed to return is something that is or extends View. If you want to treat the returned object as though it is a specific subclass of View, you need to cast the object returned by findViewById to that subclass.
From your example,

View view = new View();  // This is a View, it is NOT a TextView
View textView = new TextView(); // TextView is a View, but it also has TextView stuff going on...
//TextView test = (TextView) view; // cast error

A: Reason for exception in case 1 is bcz your View class is not aware of any subclass called TextView... where as in case 2  TextView is aware that it belongs to the family of View class.
upcast – Casting a subtype object into a supertype and this is called upcast. In Java, we need not add an explicit cast and you can assign the object directly. Compiler will understand and cast the value to supertype. By doing this, we are lifting an object to a generic level. If we prefer, we can add an explicit cast and no issues.
downcast – Casting a supertype to a subtype is called downcast. This is the mostly done cast. By doing this we are telling the compiler that the value stored in the base object is of a super type. Then we are asking the runtime to assign the value. Because of downcast we get access to methods of the subtype on that object.
ClassCastExcpetion – We get ClassCastException in a downcast. In principle, we guarantee the compiler that the instance value of is subtype and ask it to cast. But during runtime, because of unforeseen circumstances, the value is not of expected subtype. In such cases, we get ClassCastException.

A: Even though the method returns a View, since TextView is a subclass of View it can be safely returned by the method.
Take for example the following legal assignment:
View view = new TextView(); // Legal, no compiler errors. TextView is a subclass of View, so it can be safely 'downgraded'

And the following illegal assignment:
TextView textView = new View(); // Illegal, compatibility error

It's the exact same way with returning, the TextView is downgraded to a View. As for your question on whether or not you can figure out if it is a TextView that is being returned, you can make use of the instanceof operator.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home Tags Health and Safety
Tag: Health and Safety
Emirates launches integrated biometric path at the airport for added convenience
As part of Emirates' commitment to continuous innovation and an unmatched customer experience, the airline has launched an integrated biometric path at Dubai International...
Expo Centre Sharjah participates in international meeting on 'economic impact of COVID-19 on tourism...
(WAM) - Saif Mohammed Al-Midfa, the CEO of Expo Centre Sharjah, underlined that the proactive and early recovery efforts made by the UAE's wise...
Emirates enhances airport experience with self check-in kiosks in Dubai
Emirates has introduced self check-in and bag drop kiosks for a more seamless airport experience at Terminal 3, Dubai International Airport. The service is...
Emirates announces addition of seven more cities to its list of passenger destinations
Emirates will be offering scheduled flights for passengers from seven additional cities in the month of July. These include Khartoum (from 03 July), Amman...
Emirates resumes passenger flights to 9 destinations, including connections between UK and Australia
Emirates has announced its plan to operate scheduled flight services from 21 May to nine destinations: London Heathrow Frankfurt, Paris, Milan, Madrid, Chicago, Toronto,...


Kurush Grant of ITC says that Indian consumers appreciate good value for money.
In an interview with ET, Kurush Grant, Chairman, FICCI FMCG Committee and Executive Director - FMCG, ITC discusses the company's focus on product quality & innovation. He also says that going forward, any company that drives innovation and adds value for consumers will win.
At a time when consumer spending is down, what according to you should consumer goods companies do to overcome the market challenges?
Fundamentally, the Indian consumer has always appreciated value. They always want good value for money. Consumer goods companies need to ensure that they can deliver good value to consumers, innovation in product designing, distribution, cost management, marketing and communication to consumers.
This is the time when one can company can differentiate from another, and good companies will always win. In all, driving innovation and adding value will be the key for companies.
Are Indian retailers and FMCG companies effectively working together to drive consumption or is there more scope for synergy?
Indian FMCG companies will always compete with each other and there is unlikely to be complete synergy. However, in certain areas like standardisation, transparency to consumers and intermediaries, retail organisations and FMCG companies can work together. The focus should be on reducing overall cost and thereby helping the consumers.
How is digital marketing evolving in India?
The potential for digital marketing is huge. However, equally big is the potential to sell through the digital medium with physical delivery of the product based on efficient supply chain. However, it will not stop consumers going to retail outlets, where they will go for an outing and compare products and service. This process of evolution has already started in India but a lot more will happen in digital sales and marketing.
At ITC we give the highest focus on product quality, which is of the best standard. We are committed to derive innovation in our products and what it can do for the consumers. This will drive our growth rate.
ITC's non-cigarette FMCG business is close to break-even. How would that change the game for ITC's FMCG business?
We are on track to breakeven the non-cigarette FMCG business this year. However, the business is a holistic one covering a wide range of products and segments. Some of the segments have already broken even. But if we are going to launch new products and categories this year, there will always be a lag time. But yes, the general direction of the newer FMCG businesses is correct which will boost both the topline and bottomline for ITC and drive value for the consumers.