text:
package org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.impl.pb;

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;

import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceAudience.Private;
import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceStability.Unstable;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.protocolrecords.ApplicationsRequestScope;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.AMCommand;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.ApplicationAccessType;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.ApplicationResourceUsageReport;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.ApplicationTimeoutType;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.Container;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.ContainerId;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.ContainerRetryPolicy;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.ContainerState;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.ContainerUpdateType;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.ExecutionTypeRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.ExecutionType;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.FinalApplicationStatus;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.LocalResourceType;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.LocalResourceVisibility;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.LogAggregationStatus;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.NodeId;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.NodeState;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.QueueACL;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.QueueState;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.ReservationRequestInterpreter;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.Resource;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.UpdateContainerError;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.UpdateContainerRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.YarnApplicationAttemptState;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.api.records.YarnApplicationState;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnProtos;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnProtos.AMCommandProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnProtos.ApplicationAccessTypeProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnProtos.ApplicationResourceUsageReportProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnProtos.ApplicationTimeoutTypeProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnProtos.ContainerIdProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnProtos.ContainerStateProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnProtos.FinalApplicationStatusProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnProtos.LocalResourceTypeProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnProtos.LocalResourceVisibilityProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnProtos.LogAggregationStatusProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnProtos.NodeIdProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnProtos.NodeStateProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnProtos.QueueACLProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnProtos.QueueStateProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnProtos.ReservationRequestInterpreterProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnProtos.ResourceProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnProtos.YarnApplicationAttemptStateProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnProtos.YarnApplicationStateProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnProtos.ContainerRetryPolicyProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnProtos.ContainerTypeProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnProtos.ExecutionTypeProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnProtos.ExecutionTypeRequestProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnServiceProtos;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.proto.YarnServiceProtos.ContainerUpdateTypeProto;
import org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.api.ContainerType;

import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;

@Private
@Unstable
public class ProtoUtils {

  /*
   * ContainerState
   */
  private static String CONTAINER_STATE_PREFIX = "C_";
  public static ContainerStateProto convertToProtoFormat(ContainerState e) {
    return ContainerStateProto.valueOf(CONTAINER_STATE_PREFIX + e.name());
  }
  public static ContainerState convertFromProtoFormat(ContainerStateProto e) {
    return ContainerState.valueOf(e.name().replace(CONTAINER_STATE_PREFIX, ""));
  }

  /*
   * NodeState
   */
  private static String NODE_STATE_PREFIX = "NS_";
  public static NodeStateProto convertToProtoFormat(NodeState e) {
    return NodeStateProto.valueOf(NODE_STATE_PREFIX + e.name());
  }
  public static NodeState convertFromProtoFormat(NodeStateProto e) {
    return NodeState.valueOf(e.name().replace(NODE_STATE_PREFIX, ""));
  }

  /*
   * NodeId
   */
  public static NodeIdProto convertToProtoFormat(NodeId e) {
    return ((NodeIdPBImpl)e).getProto();
  }
  public static NodeId convertFromProtoFormat(NodeIdProto e) {
    return new NodeIdPBImpl(e);
  }

  /*
   * YarnApplicationState
   */
  public static YarnApplicationStateProto convertToProtoFormat(YarnApplicationState e) {
    return YarnApplicationStateProto.valueOf(e.name());
  }
  public static YarnApplicationState convertFromProtoFormat(YarnApplicationStateProto e) {
    return YarnApplicationState.valueOf(e.name());
  }

  /*
   * YarnApplicationAttemptState
   */
  private static String YARN_APPLICATION_ATTEMPT_STATE_PREFIX = "APP_ATTEMPT_";
  public static YarnApplicationAttemptStateProto convertToProtoFormat(
      YarnApplicationAttemptState e) {
    return YarnApplicationAttemptStateProto
        .valueOf(YARN_APPLICATION_ATTEMPT_STATE_PREFIX + e.name());
  }
  public static YarnApplicationAttemptState convertFromProtoFormat(
      YarnApplicationAttemptStateProto e) {
    return YarnApplicationAttemptState.valueOf(e.name().replace(
        YARN_APPLICATION_ATTEMPT_STATE_PREFIX, ""));
  }

  /*
   * ApplicationsRequestScope
   */
  public static YarnServiceProtos.ApplicationsRequestScopeProto
      convertToProtoFormat(ApplicationsRequestScope e) {
    return YarnServiceProtos.ApplicationsRequestScopeProto.valueOf(e.name());
  }
  public static ApplicationsRequestScope convertFromProtoFormat
      (YarnServiceProtos.ApplicationsRequestScopeProto e) {
    return ApplicationsRequestScope.valueOf(e.name());
  }

  /*
   * ApplicationResourceUsageReport
   */
  public static ApplicationResourceUsageReportProto convertToProtoFormat(ApplicationResourceUsageReport e) {
    return ((ApplicationResourceUsageReportPBImpl)e).getProto();
  }

  public static ApplicationResourceUsageReport convertFromProtoFormat(ApplicationResourceUsageReportProto e) {
    return new ApplicationResourceUsageReportPBImpl(e);
  }

  /*
   * FinalApplicationStatus
   */
  private static String FINAL_APPLICATION_STATUS_PREFIX = "APP_";
  public static FinalApplicationStatusProto convertToProtoFormat(FinalApplicationStatus e) {
    return FinalApplicationStatusProto.valueOf(FINAL_APPLICATION_STATUS_PREFIX + e.name());
  }
  public static FinalApplicationStatus convertFromProtoFormat(FinalApplicationStatusProto e) {
    return FinalApplicationStatus.valueOf(e.name().replace(FINAL_APPLICATION_STATUS_PREFIX, ""));
  }

  /*
   * LocalResourceType
   */
  public static LocalResourceTypeProto convertToProtoFormat(LocalResourceType e) {
    return LocalResourceTypeProto.valueOf(e.name());
  }
  public static LocalResourceType convertFromProtoFormat(LocalResourceTypeProto e) {
    return LocalResourceType.valueOf(e.name());
  }

  /*
   * LocalResourceVisibility
   */
  public static LocalResourceVisibilityProto convertToProtoFormat(LocalResourceVisibility e) {
    return LocalResourceVisibilityProto.valueOf(e.name());
  }
  public static LocalResourceVisibility convertFromProtoFormat(LocalResourceVisibilityProto e) {
    return LocalResourceVisibility.valueOf(e.name());
  }

  /*
   * AMCommand
   */
  public static AMCommandProto convertToProtoFormat(AMCommand e) {
    return AMCommandProto.valueOf(e.name());
  }
  public static AMCommand convertFromProtoFormat(AMCommandProto e) {
    return AMCommand.valueOf(e.name());
  }

  /*
   * ByteBuffer
   */
  public static ByteBuffer convertFromProtoFormat(ByteString byteString) {
    int capacity = byteString.asReadOnlyByteBuffer().rewind().remaining();
    byte[] b = new byte[capacity];
    byteString.asReadOnlyByteBuffer().get(b, 0, capacity);
    return ByteBuffer.wrap(b);
  }

  public static ByteString convertToProtoFormat(ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
//    return ByteString.copyFrom((ByteBuffer)byteBuffer.duplicate().rewind());
    int oldPos = byteBuffer.position();
    byteBuffer.rewind();
    ByteString bs = ByteString.copyFrom(byteBuffer);
    byteBuffer.position(oldPos);
    return bs;
  }

  /*
   * QueueState
   */
  private static String QUEUE_STATE_PREFIX = "Q_";
  public static QueueStateProto convertToProtoFormat(QueueState e) {
    return QueueStateProto.valueOf(QUEUE_STATE_PREFIX + e.name());
  }
  public static QueueState convertFromProtoFormat(QueueStateProto e) {
    return QueueState.valueOf(e.name().replace(QUEUE_STATE_PREFIX, ""));
  }

  /*
   * QueueACL
   */
  private static String QUEUE_ACL_PREFIX = "QACL_";
  public static QueueACLProto convertToProtoFormat(QueueACL e) {
    return QueueACLProto.valueOf(QUEUE_ACL_PREFIX + e.name());
  }
  public static QueueACL convertFromProtoFormat(QueueACLProto e) {
    return QueueACL.valueOf(e.name().replace(QUEUE_ACL_PREFIX, ""));
  }

  /*
   * ApplicationAccessType
   */
  private static String APP_ACCESS_TYPE_PREFIX = "APPACCESS_";

  public static ApplicationAccessTypeProto convertToProtoFormat(
      ApplicationAccessType e) {
    return ApplicationAccessTypeProto.valueOf(APP_ACCESS_TYPE_PREFIX
        + e.name());
  }

  public static ApplicationAccessType convertFromProtoFormat(
      ApplicationAccessTypeProto e) {
    return ApplicationAccessType.valueOf(e.name().replace(
        APP_ACCESS_TYPE_PREFIX, ""));
  }

  /*
   * ApplicationTimeoutType
   */
  private static String APP_TIMEOUT_TYPE_PREFIX = "APP_TIMEOUT_";

  public static ApplicationTimeoutTypeProto convertToProtoFormat(
      ApplicationTimeoutType e) {
    return ApplicationTimeoutTypeProto
        .valueOf(APP_TIMEOUT_TYPE_PREFIX + e.name());
  }

  public static ApplicationTimeoutType convertFromProtoFormat(
      ApplicationTimeoutTypeProto e) {
    return ApplicationTimeoutType
        .valueOf(e.name().replace(APP_TIMEOUT_TYPE_PREFIX, ""));
  }

  /*
   * Reservation Request interpreter type
   */
  public static ReservationRequestInterpreterProto convertToProtoFormat(
      ReservationRequestInterpreter e) {
    return ReservationRequestInterpreterProto.valueOf(e.name());
  }

  public static ReservationRequestInterpreter convertFromProtoFormat(
      ReservationRequestInterpreterProto e) {
    return ReservationRequestInterpreter.valueOf(e.name());
  }

  /*
   * Log Aggregation Status
   */
  private static final String LOG_AGGREGATION_STATUS_PREFIX = "LOG_";
  private static final int LOG_AGGREGATION_STATUS_PREFIX_LEN =
      LOG_AGGREGATION_STATUS_PREFIX.length();
  public static LogAggregationStatusProto convertToProtoFormat(
      LogAggregationStatus e) {
    return LogAggregationStatusProto.valueOf(LOG_AGGREGATION_STATUS_PREFIX
        + e.name());
  }

  public static LogAggregationStatus convertFromProtoFormat(
      LogAggregationStatusProto e) {
    return LogAggregationStatus.valueOf(e.name().substring(
        LOG_AGGREGATION_STATUS_PREFIX_LEN));
  }

  /*
   * ContainerType
   */
  public static ContainerTypeProto convertToProtoFormat(ContainerType e) {
    return ContainerTypeProto.valueOf(e.name());
  }
  public static ContainerType convertFromProtoFormat(ContainerTypeProto e) {
    return ContainerType.valueOf(e.name());
  }

  /*
   * ExecutionType
   */
  public static ExecutionTypeProto convertToProtoFormat(ExecutionType e) {
    return ExecutionTypeProto.valueOf(e.name());
  }
  public static ExecutionType convertFromProtoFormat(ExecutionTypeProto e) {
    return ExecutionType.valueOf(e.name());
  }

  /*
   * ContainerUpdateType
   */
  public static ContainerUpdateTypeProto convertToProtoFormat(
      ContainerUpdateType e) {
    return ContainerUpdateTypeProto.valueOf(e.name());
  }
  public static ContainerUpdateType convertFromProtoFormat(
      ContainerUpdateTypeProto e) {
    return ContainerUpdateType.valueOf(e.name());
  }

  /*
   * Resource
   */
  public static synchronized ResourceProto convertToProtoFormat(Resource r) {
    return ResourcePBImpl.getProto(r);
  }

  public static Resource convertFromProtoFormat(ResourceProto resource) {
    return new ResourcePBImpl(resource);
  }

  /*
   * ContainerRetryPolicy
   */
  public static ContainerRetryPolicyProto convertToProtoFormat(
      ContainerRetryPolicy e) {
    return ContainerRetryPolicyProto.valueOf(e.name());
  }

  public static ContainerRetryPolicy convertFromProtoFormat(
      ContainerRetryPolicyProto e) {
    return ContainerRetryPolicy.valueOf(e.name());
  }

  /*
   * ExecutionTypeRequest
   */
  public static ExecutionTypeRequestProto convertToProtoFormat(
      ExecutionTypeRequest e) {
    return ((ExecutionTypeRequestPBImpl)e).getProto();
  }

  public static ExecutionTypeRequest convertFromProtoFormat(
      ExecutionTypeRequestProto e) {
    return new ExecutionTypeRequestPBImpl(e);
  }

  /*
   * Container
   */
  public static YarnProtos.ContainerProto convertToProtoFormat(
      Container t) {
    return ((ContainerPBImpl)t).getProto();
  }

  public static ContainerPBImpl convertFromProtoFormat(
      YarnProtos.ContainerProto t) {
    return new ContainerPBImpl(t);
  }

  public static ContainerStatusPBImpl convertFromProtoFormat(
      YarnProtos.ContainerStatusProto p) {
    return new ContainerStatusPBImpl(p);
  }

  /*
   * ContainerId
   */
  public static ContainerIdPBImpl convertFromProtoFormat(ContainerIdProto p) {
    return new ContainerIdPBImpl(p);
  }

  public static ContainerIdProto convertToProtoFormat(ContainerId t) {
    return ((ContainerIdPBImpl) t).getProto();
  }

  /*
   * UpdateContainerRequest
   */
  public static UpdateContainerRequestPBImpl convertFromProtoFormat(
      YarnServiceProtos.UpdateContainerRequestProto p) {
    return new UpdateContainerRequestPBImpl(p);
  }

  public static YarnServiceProtos.UpdateContainerRequestProto
      convertToProtoFormat(UpdateContainerRequest t) {
    return ((UpdateContainerRequestPBImpl) t).getProto();
  }

  /*
   * UpdateContainerError
   */
  public static UpdateContainerErrorPBImpl convertFromProtoFormat(
      YarnServiceProtos.UpdateContainerErrorProto p) {
    return new UpdateContainerErrorPBImpl(p);
  }

  public static YarnServiceProtos.UpdateContainerErrorProto
      convertToProtoFormat(UpdateContainerError t) {
    return ((UpdateContainerErrorPBImpl) t).getProto();
  }
}


text:
international trade Stock Photography 54 IMAGES
South Africa, Stellenbosch, Wine fermentation tank, Waterford Winery
California, San Francisco Bay, Tanker Gaz Master approaching Carquinez Bridge
California, San Francisco Bay, Tanker Gaz Master, San Joaquin River
California, San Francisco Bay, Tanker Gaz Master, Bar Pilot on the bridge
California, Oakland, Port of Oakland, Hanjin Terminal
California, Contra Costa, Port Costa, View towards Martinez
California, Oakland, Port of Oakland, APL Terminal
California, Oakland, Port of Oakland
California, San Francisco Bay, Container ship leaving port
California, Delta, Port of Stockton, San Joaquin River
California, San Francisco Bay, Port of Oakland cranes arrive from China
California, San Francisco Bay, Port of Oakland cranes approaching the Bay Bridge
California, Oakland, Port of Oakland, hull of container ship
California, Contra Costa, Crockett, C and H Sugar factory
Russia, Vladivostok, Vladivostok Harbor
California, Oakland, Freighters at sunset in Inner Harbor
California, Oakland, Inner Harbor and cranes at sunset
California, Oakland, Container ship and rowers, Port of Oakland
California, Oakland, Container ship and crane, Port of Oakland, Inner Harbor
California, Oakland, Container ship at dock, Port of Oakland, Inner Harbor
Sweden, Goteborg, Container ship in harbor
Sweden, Goteborg, Goteborg Harbor, Timber Ship
Sweden, Goteborg, Goteborg Harbor, Shipping
Sweden, Goteborg, Goteborg Harbor, Tugboat
Sweden, Goteborg, Container ship
pages : 1 2
Related Subjects: California, Contra Costa, Delta, Gšteborg, Oakland, Russia, San Francisco Bay, South Africa, Stellenbosch, Sweden, Vladivostok

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
A visit to an execution chamber upsets Barnes, the protagonist so much so that he takes a walk in the middle of the night and comes face-to-face with the arsonist who has been setting fire to all the old buildings in the neighborhood. TR Healey, the storyteller, spins an intriguing yarn.
"Please, ladies and gentlemen, step right in," the burly corrections officer said, standing at the entrance to the execution chamber.
Barnes, who was among the visitors, followed his cousin, Evelyn, into the stark little room which was so bright he had to shut his eyes for a moment.
A clean white sheet covered the gurney in the center of the room on which the condemned inmate would lie, restrained by the thick leather straps that hung from either side of the gurney. Beside it was an IV stand from which the lethal injection would be administered. In a corner of the chamber stood a fire extinguisher covered in dust and above it a battery-operated clock that no longer operated. A reddish-brown curtain covered the large window through which witnesses were able to view the proceeding.
"Capital punishment is still the law in this state," the officer reminded them, "but an execution has not been carried out in more than twenty-five years as one governor after another has imposed a moratorium on them because they regard them as immoral."
He paused, surveying the dozen visitors gathered in the chamber.
"It's unlikely this place will ever be used again for what it was designed for but until capital punishment is declared illegal, we are required to maintain it as best we can."
As soon as he returned to his apartment from the maximum-security prison, Barnes went straight into his bedroom and looked at his bed which was not much wider than the gurney in the execution chamber. For a split second, he could almost picture straps hanging from its sides, then he left the room and went into the kitchen and cracked open a can of beer.
His cousin was a court reporter and along with a couple of other reporters at the district courthouse, was invited by one of the judges to accompany him to the chamber which the jurist had never seen in person. If they wished, they could bring along one guest, so she invited Barnes. Instantly he accepted, sure it would be an interesting experience, and it was, but now he wished he had declined her invitation.
It was very unsettling, and he was worried he would have bad dreams about the chamber. To his surprise, it appeared as plain and spare and clinical as a doctor's office which somehow made it all the more disturbing. Clearly, awful things can occur in the most ordinary places.
As a letter carrier, Barnes was used to walking considerable distances five days a week, sometimes six, but he didn't feel like walking even a block tonight. He didn't know why but he was worn out from his visit that afternoon to the state prison. All he wanted to do was go to sleep but it was his turn to go on patrol that evening. Over the past two months some buildings had been set on fire in the neighborhood, a couple of vacant houses for sale and a nursery, so a few people volunteered to patrol the area for an hour or two in the evening. Soon others joined them, including Barnes, and they took turns searching for the arsonist.
Tonight, he was paired with Janis whose apartment was down the hall from his, and promptly at eight o'clock they set out to patrol the neighborhood. She was a talker, which he often found wearing, but he was not in the mood to talk much after his visit to the execution chamber so he was pleased she was his partner.
"I've got a new recipe for chicken curry soup I think you might enjoy," she informed him as they walked out of the apartment house.
Among some of the tenants she was known as the 'soup lady' because she occasionally left bowls of homemade soup outside their doors.
"I intend to make a pot of it this weekend, so I'll drop some off for you."
"I'm sure it'll be as tasty as all the other soups you've made."
She smiled. "With the exception of that lentil soup I made last Christmas."
"It was a little strong, as I recall."
"It tasted like coffee grounds I have to admit."
For pretty much the entire patrol Janis, who at one time worked at the nursery that was torched last month, talked about some of the different dishes she planned to prepare in the coming weeks. And for once he listened intently so he didn't have to think about what he had seen earlier today.
He awoke with a start and looked at the clock on the nightstand. It was a quarter to three in the morning. Squinting, he looked then for the gurney he swore was next to the chest of drawers, but it wasn't there, and he realized he must have been dreaming about his visit to the execution chamber.
"Damn," he groaned.
His pajamas were soaked with so much sweat that his nostrils were overcome by a nauseating cheesy smell. At once, he got out of bed, took off his pajamas, and stepped into the shower. He was there almost eight minutes, scrubbing a bar of Irish Spring over and over his body until there was not a trace of that awful smell. Because he was wide awake now, he pulled on the clothes he wore earlier on patrol with Janis and went out for a walk.
Heading north, almost without realizing it, he followed the route he took with Janis. He walked past the modern log cabin house on the corner, crossed the street against the traffic light, and passed a series of row houses all of which had their porch lights on. On a bus shelter someone, presumably the arsonist, had scrawled in white paint 'Property Is Theft.' It was so quiet out he wondered if he was still dreaming until he heard the dog barking behind the fence of the sandstone house in the middle of the block. Whenever he passed the place, regardless of the hour, the dog barked and barked until he reached the end of the block. He knew a couple of letter carriers who were bit by the animal and was glad he never had to deliver mail to that address.
Some ten minutes later, as he approached the railroad tracks, he thought he smelled something burning and paused and looked around and through some trees saw plumes of smoke pouring from the water tower half a mile away. It was one of the oldest structures in the neighborhood and was the setting for several weddings over the years. He couldn't believe it, wondered again if he was dreaming, and started to run toward it.
He was not more than twenty yards away when he spotted someone in a camouflage parka watching the tower burn from across the street.
Immediately he assumed it was the person who started the blaze and yelled out, "What the hell have you done?"
The guy spun around and glared at him for half a second then took off running. Barnes started after him, but his legs were so heavy it seemed as if he were slogging through mud. He was just too tired to chase the guy, he realized, as he watched him disappear into the woods.
He was not upset, though, not tonight anyway.
Night Sweat: Welcome
TR Healey was was born and raised in the Pacific Northwest and is the author of a collection of stories, 'A Time of Times.'
Night Sweat: Text


text:
Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide
Sharing knowledge, empowering human rights defenders, and building transnational communities to ensure justice for those facing the death penalty.
Start Animation
Take Action for Melissa Lucio
Abraham Galeta, released nineteen years after being sentenced to death.
Alice Nungu, survivor of domestic violence, freed from death row in Malawi with the assistance of the Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide.
Pamela Okoroigwe, a visionary Nigerian lawyer trained at the
Makwanyane Institute for Capital Defenders in 2017, now herself a trainer.
Top Executioners
Execution Monitor
This map shows the status of the death penalty around the world. Retentionist countries have carried out at least one execution in the past ten years. De facto abolitionist countries have not carried out any executions in over ten years, but retain the death penalty in law. Countries that are abolitionist for common law crimes apply the death penalty only in times of war or other extraordinary circumstances. Abolitionist countries have eliminated the death penalty from their laws.
Abolitionist
Abolitionist for common law crimes
De facto abolitionist
Retentionist
According to the best available reports, these are the countries that carried out the highest number of executions last year.
Every week, we provide updated figures on the number of executions reported this calendar year. Many countries do not officially report executions, so some figures (noted with *) are informed estimates. For a few countries, such as Vietnam and China, we are only able to obtain estimates at the end of the year due to state secrecy around capital punishment. The order of the countries below is our best attempt to reflect the actual ranking of countries that have carried out the most executions this year.
Number of executions
We update global execution figures each Wednesday by 5PM EST. These updated execution numbers may not yet be reflected in individual country reports. We are in the process of redesigning our database, and we thank you for your patience during our transition.
Judged for More Than Her Crime: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty
The cases of women condemned to death have revealed significant patterns of arbitrariness and gender-based discrimination in the application of...
This manual provides lawyers with legal arguments and strategic guidance for their representation of individuals facing the death penalty. It...
Justice Denied: A Global Study of Wrongful Death Row Convictions
This report explores the phenomenon of wrongful convictions in six different jurisdictions representing a range of geographic regions, judicial traditions,...
Fati: An Innocent Woman Sentenced to Death for Terrorism After Being Falsely Accused by a Rejected Suitor
Ariane Jacoberger, Delphine Lourtau, Fanny Gauthier & Ramsay McCulloch
Press Release: Fati: An Innocent Woman Sentenced to Death for Terrorism After Being Falsely Accused by a Rejected Suitor
Mary Jane Veloso: A Geopolitical Pawn in Southeast Asia's War on Drugs
Charlotte Andrews-Briscoe, Komnas Perempuan, and the National Union of Peoples Lawyers and Migrante International
Sex-Shamed to Death: Brenda Andrew and Mary Ellen Samuels
Rebecca Huertas and Sandra Babcock
Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide Follow
@Cornell University's Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide: research, advocacy & training focused on capital punishment, international law & human rights.
Retweet on Twitter Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide Retweeted
Robert Dunham @rdunhamdp ·
Zambia: Abolition of the death penalty 'a historic milestone.' https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/01/1132212 @UN_News_Centre @UNHumanRights @HHichilema @DPInfoCtr @DeathPenaltyWW
Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide @deathpenaltyww ·
Every week, we update the CCDPW Execution Monitor, providing accurate and informed information on the state of the death penalty from a global perspective. Here are our totals for executions in 2022. The 2023 Execution Monitor will be updated soon at https://deathpenaltyworldwide.org/
The UN recently voted on a resolution for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty. The resolution was adopted, gaining two more votes in favor than the last vote in 2020. To read a quick vote analysis from the @WCADP, click here: https://worldcoalition.org/2022/12/20/9th-resolution-for-a-moratorium-on-the-death-penalty-the-trend-is-growing/
Abolitionist countries
Abolitionist for common law crime countries
De facto abolitionist countries
Retentionist countries


Students are only guaranteed housing once. It is not possible to terminate the contract and then have guaranteed housing again.
Please note that family and couple apartments are not included in the housing guarantee.
All students who are entitled to housing guarantee will receive information about application procedure by email.
The application must be registered at the Sammen application portal, following the instructions given by the University of Bergen. It is important that you register a valid mobile phone number (including country code), when applying for housing.
Housing guarantee ensures a space in a student hostel; however a specific room type is not guaranteed.
Supporting documentation (medical certificate), might be required. Accomodation will be allocated according to availability.
You will receive an offer of housing shortly after 15 May/15 October.
You must sign the tenancy agreement and pay the deposit within the deadline. This can be done by using the SMS code sent by Sammen.
Exchange students MUST accept the housing offer, even if their admission at UiB is still under consideration.
The tenancy agreement can be accepted by using SMS code, electronic draw signature or bank ID (Norwegian).
Exchange students staying for the autumn semester will be offered shared rooms at Fantoft student hostel.
Information about tenancy agreement, allocation rules and other important information is available at Sammen.
Students should not sign the tenancy agreement, if they are planning to find alternative/private accommodation in Bergen. If the agreement is signed, the student is liable for paying rent for the entire duration of the tenancy period/semester.
Students that terminate the tenancy agreement due to alternative accomodation, will not be given guaranteed housing again.
We strongly advise all students to read and follow Sammen's cancellation policies and deadlines carefully.
Missed the housing guarantee deadline?
Students that have missed the deadline, are not guaranteed housing. We still recommend that you apply for housing at Sammen as soon as possible. You will be allocated student housing depending on availability.
Staying for less than one semester?
If you intend to find housing elsewhere, there are several websites that may be useful.
Study Bergen website gives you an overview of different areas close to the city centre and to the university campus.


text:
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
UAMS News
UAMSHealth
Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health
Here's To Your Health
Publications and Newsletters
Join Media List
UAMS College of Health Professions...
UAMS College of Health Professions to Support Scholarship Fund with Valentine's Day Event
By Nate Hinkel
Feb. 10, 2014 | LITTLE ROCK – The College of Health Professions at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) will host its first Allied Hearts celebration at 6:30 p.m. on Valentine's Day, Feb. 14, 2014 to express affection for supporters, students, faculty and staff while raising funds to support student scholarships.
To be held at LaVada's, a restored historic home at 2005 Main St. in North Little Rock, Allied Hearts will feature food, music and dancing. Proceeds from the event will support scholarships in the college, which includes 21 academic programs in allied health.
The college's scholarship fund awarded $42,500 in scholarships to 31 students in 2013-2014. In addition, 18 departmental scholarships were awarded.
Tickets are $55 and on sale now. To purchase tickets online, visit giving.uams.edu/alliedhearts. For more information about this event, contact Donna Smith, (501) 686–7203 or DNSmith@uams.edu.
UAMS is the state's only health sciences university, with colleges of Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, Health Professions and Public Health; a graduate school; hospital; a main campus in Little Rock; a Northwest Arkansas regional campus in Fayetteville; a statewide network of regional campuses; and seven institutes: the Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Jackson T. Stephens Spine & Neurosciences Institute, Harvey & Bernice Jones Eye Institute, Psychiatric Research Institute, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, Translational Research Institute and Institute for Digital Health & Innovation. UAMS includes UAMS Health, a statewide health system that encompasses all of UAMS' clinical enterprise including its hospital, regional clinics and clinics it operates or staffs in cooperation with other providers. UAMS is the only adult Level 1 trauma center in the state. U.S. News & World Report named UAMS Medical Center the state's Best Hospital; ranked its ear, nose and throat program among the top 50 nationwide; and named six areas as high performing — cancer, colon cancer surgery, heart failure, hip replacement, knee replacement and lung cancer surgery. UAMS has 2,727 students, 870 medical residents and five dental residents. It is the state's largest public employer with more than 10,000 employees, including 1,200 physicians who provide care to patients at UAMS, its regional campuses, Arkansas Childrens Hospital, the VA Medical Center and Baptist Health. Visit www.uams.edu or www.uamshealth.com. Find us on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube or Instagram.
Find a Story Select Category Announcements Academic & Continuing Education Events Community Events Employee Accolades Employee Information Employee Newsletter – old update General Announcements In Memoriam Information Technology Alerts Inside News MVP of the Month Now You Know Student Union Consult Consult – Spring 2018 Consult – Summer 2018 Consult – Winter 2018 Continuing Education Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Featured Here's To Your Health Institutes Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging Harvey & Bernice Jones Eye Institute Institute for Digital Health & Innovation Jackson T. Stephens Spine & Neurosciences Institute Myeloma Center Psychiatric Research Institute Translational Research Institute Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute Medical News News Release NICU Patient Stories Arthritis Audiology Cancer Dermatology Ear, Nose and Throat Eye Care Gastroenterology Heart Interventional Radiology Myeloma Neurology Neurosurgery OB/GYN Organ Transplant Orthopedics Senior Health Surgery Trauma Urology Weight Loss Physical Therapy Publications Journal UAMS News University News College of Health Professions College of Medicine College of Nursing College of Pharmacy Faculty Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health Graduate School Research Student Video
Newsletter(s) * Required
© 2020 University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences | Little Rock, AR


text:
April Fifth Movement (1976)
By Bao Naiyong
Young people standing in silent tribute at the Monument to the People's Heroes, March 31, 1976 [China.org.cn]
Bao Naiyong, a Mongolian, was born in Beijing in 1938. He is vice chairperson of China Photography Artist Association and chairperson of Australian Ordos Foundation. Bao's career as a photographer began in 1972. He documented the April Fifth Movement in its entirety at the risk of being arrested. His photos were used by both domestic and international media, such as the New York Times, Times, and World.
Bao Naiyong's "April Fifth Movement" documents the 1976 event in Tiananmen Square through still snapshots. Bao witnessed millions of people participate in the April Fifth Movement and his photos not only depict the grandeur of the event, but also the minute details, giving the project a sense of inner strength. (Curator: Zeng Huang)


TRACK OF THE MONTH CLUB.
In January we're going to start the Solid Rock FREE TRACK OF THE MONTH CLUB for everyone on our email list. Each month we'll send you a link to download a free song from the Golden Age of Christian Rock! All you need to do is signup to be notified when a new song is available for download. There's no catch, you aren't required to buy anything, and best of all, we won't give, trade, or sell your address to anyone else. You're safe with us!
WHEN YOU JOIN, AN EMAIL WILL BE IMMEDIATELY SENT TO YOU FOR YOU TO CONFIRM. IT MIGHT END UP IN YOUR SPAM FOLDER. YOU NEED TO MARK THE EMAIL AS "NOT SPAM". PLEASE LOCATE IT AND JOIN THE TRACK CLUB BY CLICKING THE CONFIRMATION BUTTON.
JOIN THE TRACK OF THE MONTH CLUB!


text:
Eto'o – FARE calls for action from the Spanish Football Federation
The Football Against Racism in Europe network are convinced that the problem of racism in Spanish football will continue to escalate unless the Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) recognise the seriousness of the problem. The fears come following a succession of problems within Spanish football, the latest being during the Real Zaragoza vs. Barcelona game on…
Croatia's PM slams racist abuse
The racist abuse of African and South American players featuring in Croatia's league has been condemned by the country's prime minister. "We are living in a century in which tolerance should be cultivated. We have to stop racist acts," Ivo Sanader told the Sportske Novosti newspaper. Cameroonian Mathias Chago and Brazilians Eduardo da Silva and…
Real Zaragoza handed paltry fine for racist abuse
Real Zaragoza have been fined a pathetic 600 euros ($718.7) by the Spanish Football Federation after a section of their fans directed racist insults at Brazilian forward Robert during their league match against Real Betis. "During the latter stages of the game monkey chants were directed at Betis player Robert whenever he touched the ball,"…
Scottish Executive launch anti-sectarianism action plan
Patricia Ferguson, Scottish Executive Minister for Culture, Tourism & Sport sets out below the Executive's anti-sectarianism action plan for sport, designed to tackle the religious hatred that has blighted the Scottish game for over a century. "Sport exerts a huge influence on society. It is very easy for us to get caught up in the…
Conference finds Spanish still in denial
Angel Maria Villar Llona, the president of the Royal Spanish Football Federation, astonished the European football family by seeming to downplay the seriousness of racism in football. Speaking at UEFA's 2nd Unite Against Racism conference held at Barcelona's Nou Camp, the Spanish football boss told the packed auditorium, "Of course we are against racism, but…
Racism the most serious problem facing football today
FC Barcelona president Joan Laporta has described racism as "The most serious problem facing football today." Laporta was speaking at a one-day conference, the repeat of the highly successful 2003 Unite Against Racism conference held at Chelsea, which brought together more 300 delegates from all corners of European football. The gathering, hosted by FC Barcelona,…


IMPORTANT: BITCOIN DELAYS AND FLUCTUATIONS MEAN THAT ORDERS MUST BE PAID FOR IMMEDIATELY! SEE BELOW. WE RECOMMEND LITECOIN OR ETHER AS FEES ARE WAY LOWER!
-We accept a range of Crypto currencies, Western Union bank transfer (see instructions at check out) and regular bank wire, within the EU.
Any emails requesting alternative payment methods will be ignored. Please see below for a quick tutorial on how to use Bitcoin.
If you want to purchase with a credit/debit card, use CEX.IO to buy Bitcoins with a card. See below for more details.
Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency that can be transferred instantly and securely between any two people in the world. It's like electronic cash that you can use to pay friends or merchants. Paying with Bitcoin is actually very easy once you get your head around the basic concept. You should make the effort to learn it as it is the future of global payments.
There is no need go into the technical details of how Bitcoin works here as it is not necessary for its use. If you are interested, there is a lot of information here.
When transferring Bitcoins to another person/company, all you need is their address. Bitcoins are divisible to 0.00000001BTC so you do not need to purchase whole Bitcoins, you can purchase just the right amount for your order at Real Chems.
Go to Blockchain.info and click 'Wallet' followed by 'Create A Free Bitcoin Wallet'.
or any other vendor, you should always make sure you first transfer the BTC to your OWN wallet from the exchange you use. DO NOT send directly from the exchange to the vendor, this can cause multiple issues.
The next task is to purchase your Bitcoins. This can be accomplished by a number of methods, but these will not all be described in detail here as each exchanger has slightly different criteria and full details are published on their websites. Below is a quick run down of some reliable exchangers.
LocalBitcoins - The best method for anonymity and one of the only places with no ID verification. You can purchase Bitcoins from thousands of different vendors in your area and pay via a variety of means, including: bank wire, cash deposit, cash in mail, cash in person, PayPal, MoneyGram, store cards etc.
Coinbase - A large US based exchange that requires ID verification and deposit via bank wire. Instant verification is possible with some banks.
Bitstamp - The best exchange if you are within the SEPA zone (most of Europe). Quick deposit via bank wire with some of the lowest fees in the industry. ID verification required.
CEX.IO - Buy Bitcoins with a credit card with a very quick turn around. ID verification required.
LibertyX - Purchase Bitcoins with cash at many stores located throughout the US.
For a complete list of exchanges that accept credit card please click here. Note we do not vouch for all of these exchanges, do your own research first.
The Bitcoin price can be quite volatile, therefore it is best practice to purchase slightly more coins than you need (around 3-5% more). To calculate how many BTC you need please use the rate on the exchanges website that you plan to use.
Once you have purchased your BTC you should transfer them to your Blockchain wallet (or another wallet you have control of) and then on to Real Chems or your vendor of choice. In order to prevent delays you should also ensure you pay sufficient transaction/network fee when sending your payment. We recommend paying around 0.001 BTC, this will ensure your payment confirms before the BTC address we provide expires. You can specify the transaction fee in your Blockchain wallet by clicking on 'Advance Send' when making a payment.


text:
Chicago Cubs Minor League Wrap: June 29
A rehab appearance for a Cubs reliever. South Bend slays the Dragons
By Josh Timmers@JoshFTimmers Jun 30, 2018, 12:53am CDT
Share All sharing options for: Chicago Cubs Minor League Wrap: June 29
Photo by David Banks/Getty Images
The Emeralds got some reinforcements today as first-round pick SS Nico Hoerner, second-round pick RHP Paul Richan, 15th-round pick 1B Tyler Durna and 18th-round pick 3B Jake Slaughter were all assigned to Eugene today. The three position players all started today.
The Iowa Cubs couldn't fly with the Memphis Redbirds (Cardinals), 6-2.
Alec Mills started and gave up all six runs on seven hits over 6.2 innings. Mills struck out five and walked one. He also hit one batter.
Carl Edwards Jr. made a rehab appearance in this game. Edwards faced four batters in the eighth inning, tossing 19 pitches. The first batter singled off of him. The runner went to second on a wild pitch, but Edwards then struck out the next two batters. After a walk to the fourth batter, he left the game.
Center fielder Lane Adams was 2 for 4 with a double.
Catcher Taylor Davis went 2 for 4 and scored once.
The Tennessee Smokies couldn't hide from the Chattanooga Lookouts (Twins), 7-2.
Starter Oscar De La Cruz had some major control issues tonight and he got the loss. De La Cruz only lasted three innings and he gave up three runs on just three hits. But De La Cruz walked two batters, hit three batters and unfurled two wild pitches. That he only allowed three runs is a pretty major accomplishment. De La Cruz struck out one.
Both Smokies runs came on a two-run home run by second baseman Trent Giambrone in the fourth inning. It was his 11th home run this year. Giambrone was 2 for 4.
Right fielder Jeffrey Baez went 2 for 4 with a double.
Myrtle Beach Pelicans
The Myrtle Beach Pelicans were shut out by the Buies Creek Astros, 2-0. It was the Pelicans' second-straight shutout and sixth-straight loss. They've been shut out four times in that six-game losing streak and have scored five runs total in the last six games.
Cory Abbott gave up a solo home run to the third hitter of the game and he did not allow another run in his six innings of work. Of course, that was still enough to get him tagged with the loss. Abbott allowed just three hits. He walked three and struck out seven.
The Pelicans had four hits, all singles.
The South Bend Cubs pierced the Dayton Dragons (Reds), 4-1.
Starter Rollie Lacy kept the Dragons in check for five innings, giving up no runs and just three hits. Lacy struck out seven, walked four and hit one batter.
The Dragons took a 1-0 lead off of reliever Yapson Gomez in the top of the eighth inning. Ben Hecht relieved Gomez after one run had scored and there were runners on first and second with one out. Hecht retired the next to batters on fly outs and got the win when South Bend struck for four runs in the bottom of the inning. Hecht stayed in the game and pitched a perfect ninth inning, striking out two.
Right fielder Brandon Hughes doubled with the bases loaded in the bottom of the eighth to give the Cubs a 2-1 lead. Hughes was 1 for 4 and later scored in the inning.
Shortstop Rafael Narea was 2 for 4 and singled home Chris Singleton from third base after Hughes' double.
Second baseman Delvin Zinn was 2 for 3 and scored on the Hughes double.
Eugene Emeralds
The Eugene Emeralds lost their seventh-straight game, 4-3 to the Everett AquaSox (Mariners) in ten innings.
Jeffrey Passantino started and tossed four scoreless innings. Passantino allowed just two hits. That line would be more impressive if he hadn't walked four and struck out one.
Jake Steffens got the loss after allowing the runner who started the tenth inning on second base to score. Steffens pitched 1.1 innings and gave up the one unearned run on two hits and a walk. He did pitch out of a bases-loaded, no out jam after the first run scored. Steffens struck out the next two batters and then got a fly out to end the inning.
Catcher Jonathan Soto was 2 for 3 with a two-run double in the second inning. He also walked once.
First baseman Tyler Durma tripled and scored on a wild pitch in the fourth inning. Durma was 2 for 4 in his Northwest League debut.
Hoerner went 1 for 4 and was hit by a pitch in his debut. Slaughter was 1 for 3 with a walk. He scored on Soto's double.
AZL Cubs
Cubs 1 was off.
Cubs 2 beat the Brewers, 7-1.
Next Up In Chicago Cubs minor leagues
Cubs Prospect Perspective: Luke Little
Cubs Prospect Perspective: Liam Spence
Cubs Prospect Perspective: Reggie Preciado
Cubs Prospect Perspective: Riley Thompson
Cubs Prospect Perspective: Yonathan Perlaza
Cubs Prospect Perspective: Riley Martin


Splyce and Rival face off in the SMITE World Championship at Hi-Rez Expo.
These tips and tricks should up your game in Survival Heroes to help you achieve victory!
Here's a list of some of the best weapons you should for during your time in Survival Heroes!
These are the easiest characters for new players in Onmyoji Arena, along with tips for use and to thrive on the battlefield!


text:
Retro rooms: See these 12 themed vintage basement remodels, from the wacky to the wonderful (1948)
Thanksgiving dinner: How to carve turkey, step-by-step, plus illustrations
How to make some beautiful retro crepe paper flowers
Thanksgiving history: Starting from the Pilgrims' First Thanksgiving to the strange way turkey day eventually became a national holiday
Recipes from vintage Disneyland: Party pancakes in chocolate, strawberry & eggnog flavors (1956)
Give me your tired, your poor: The history of the Statue of Liberty poem
The Monkees make us Daydream Believers (1960s)
47 dangerous old playgrounds that our great-grandparents somehow survived
Vintage Snoopy & Peanuts stickers sheets ('70s & '80s)
Glenn Miller got the world 'In the Mood' – and then disappeared forever during WWII
20 frosted party sandwich loaf recipes to make… or avoid
Consolidated B-36: The world's biggest bomber in the '40s & '50s could drop a 10,000-pound atomic bomb
1940s, 1950s, American War history, Vintage advertisements, Vintage discoveries & classic inventions, Vintage science & classic technology
It's the world's biggest bomber!
The new B-36: Photographed during its third test flight out of Fort Worth, Texas
You're looking at the gigantic new B-36 in flight — the biggest land-based bomber in the world!
Designed and built by Consolidated Vultee and the US Army Air Forces, the B-36 dwarfs any other bomber now in existence. With its 6 "pusher-type" Pratt & Whitney Wasp Major engines of 3000 horsepower each, the B-36 is designed to carry 10,000 pounds of bombs a distance of 10,000 miles.
If this country should ever be attacked by an aggressor nation, this mammoth plane, operating from bases available to the United States, could drop an atomic bomb on any city in the world.
In the mighty B-36 America can seek and find assurance that the US Army Air Forces are constantly striving to maintain this nation's position of leadership in the air.
Consolidated Vultee workers are proud that they were selected to work with the US Army Air Forces in designing and building this great new addition to America's strength in the air. They have a right to be!
With its crew of 15 men, the B-36 has a maximum bomb capacity of 72,000 pounds. Two tank cars are needed to carry the 21,000 gallons of gasoline to fill the fuel tanks of the B-36. This giant bomber has six engines with a total of eighteen thousand horsepower. The tail fin of the B-36 stands almost as high as the average 5-story apartment building. The 230-foot wingspread of the B-36 is 10 feet more than that of two B-24 Liberator bombers.
Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation
San Diego, California – Downey, California – Wayne, Michigan (Stinson Division) – Fort Worth, Texas – Nashville, Tennessee
Let's keep America strong in the air!
MORE Atomic bomb explosions to date (1958)
The Consolidated B-36 bomber (1951)
Range: Anywhere on Earth — and your Air Force has it!
Intercontinental giant — The Consolidated B-36 is the world's largest bomber. It can carry a 10,000 pound bomb load to a target 5,000 miles away, drop it, and return to base.
Equipped with six Pratt & Whitney Wasp Major engines of 3,800 h.p. each, and four J-47 jet engines, it has a top speed of over 435 MPH and flies at an altitude of more than 45,000 feet.
The Consolidated B-36 war plane: Performance of America's Long-Range Bombers proves again that "All the years of work are worth it when the prize is air supremacy."
In the present emergency, America holds a priceless advantage in the ability of its long-range bombers to deliver a heavy bomb load anywhere on earth.
As America gears up to produce the required quantity of bombers, it can be thankful for the years of work that have gone into ensuring their quality.
This work started ten long years ago — when intercontinental bombers were just a gleam in the Air Force's eye. In 1941, far-sighted military airmen called for designs of an aircraft capable of carrying devastating bomb loads from advanced bases or from the U.S. itself to targets halfway around the world.
Consolidated Vutee started the design of a new bomber with the then unheard-of range of 10,000 miles. Boeing, producer of the famous Fortresses, planned ways of extending the range of its bombers. The Pratt & Whitney Aircraft division of United Aircraft division of United Aircraft was already at work on a new engine capable of providing the unprecedented power that both of these projects would require.
>> Also see: The latest military aircraft from Boeing (1958)
In 1948, the world's first intercontinental bombers were delivered to the Air Force. Into their development had gone over eight years and literally millions of man-hours of engineering effort.
But thanks to that effort — and to the foresight of military strategists — it is your Air Force which now has the Consolidated B-36 and the Boeing B-50… and a vital margin of superiority in performance of its long-range bombers.
United Aircraft Corporation
Yum, Yum Bumble Bee Tuna in the '70s
McDonald's Friendly Skies Meals on United Airlines (1991-1993)
A white brick linoleum floor for your pink kitchen? Why not – it was the fifties! (1956)
Texas Two-Step chicken picante recipe (1997)
Categories: 1940s, 1950s, American War history, Vintage advertisements, Vintage discoveries & classic inventions, Vintage science & classic technology
Original publication date: Apr 23, 1951
Tags: 1941, 1946, 1948, 1949, 1951, air force, aircraft, airplanes, aviation, boeing, bomb, engineering, military, planes, technology, war, world war 2
Added or last updated: December 7, 2018
Pillsbury Space Food Sticks (1971 & 1972)


Would you borrow £27k without taking one-to-one advice?
When it comes to any big financial transaction – buying a house, a car, choosing a financial product – the need for good advice is a no brainer. With uni fees so high, why are so few students getting one-to-one advice?
Alarmingly, our latest research found that a large chunk of students chose their uni without any real guidance.
With fees topping £9,000 a year and record youth unemployment, making the right choice has never been more important.
Over one third of prospective students aged 19 and under didn't access any one-to-one advice from a teacher or careers advisor when choosing a university – this could be more than 150,000 prospective students each year.
Around four in ten had not attended a university open day ahead of making their decision.
Nearly half of young people would have liked more information, particularly about employment prospects, activities and course structure.
Making the wrong choice could have serious financial implications, and more so now than ever. As you know, fees are pretty hefty now (half of young people told us they're not happy with these higher fees) resulting in students taking out huge loans to fund their time at uni.
With three quarters of prospective students saying they want to limit the amount of debt they have when they leave uni, and half having researched additional costs of university beyond the course fee, the cost of going to uni is clearly important to them.
That's especially true when, according to our latest Quarterly Consumer Report, young people are feeling the pinch more than any other group. And it's the promise of a good job that's driving them to go to uni – improving their employment prospects was the main reason students told us they were applying.
However, graduates will be entering the most challenging job market for decades. In fact, a fifth of graduates told us they're not confident about their employment prospects over the next 12 months.
And, with a quarter of graduates saying they wished they'd done more research before making their choice of uni, there's clearly a need for proper guidance and advice. The government has placed a keen focus on providing easily comparable information to help students, but with the onus now put on to schools to provide good careers advice, the future looks uncertain.
We'll be launching Which? University to try and fill this gap in advice, but do you think prospective students are getting access to the proper guidance they need? And has the rise in uni fees spurred you into more carefully researching your uni choices?
Which pets are a Best Buy?
Sorry – never consulted a financial "expert" in my life – as the majority only push their own agenda. I taught budgeting to school children until Thatcher banned it in favour of "National Curriculum". Bought my house – my car – in fact all my large purchases – without consultation. Interestingly a great many of my friends who did consult – went bankrupt or failed – because they followed the 'wrong' advice, endowment mortgages instead of prepayment mortgages for instance.
Had a very simple philosophy – live within your means – save for items – do not get into debt – plan everything – and budget..
Far too many believe everything they are told – that way leads to disaster.
Why are dangerous toys still on sale?
Update: Slime safety warning – is this kids' craze safe?
Could you spot a student-targeted shopping scam?
Could you afford to be a student in 2018?


Getting kids and other people excited about the universe of wonders all around us . . . .
If you can get outside and beneath a dark night sky in the wee hours of Sunday morning, the reward might be a chance to see remnants of Halley's comet.
The annual Orionid meteor shower will peak at 10 pm MDT, but the best viewing of the spectacle will happen in the hours between midnight on Saturday night and dawn on Sunday.
Halley's comet, which has been observed by humans since 240 BC, was last visible in 1986. It won't be seen again until 2061.
There's a bonus to staying up late or waking up before dawn, too. You should be able to see Jupiter to the northeast of Orion. The solar system's largest planet will be brighter than Sirius.
If you are out close to dawn you can look for Venus in the eastern sky. Earth's neighbor will be even brighter than Jupiter.
One fun way to enjoy the Orionid meteor shower is to locate the region of the heavens that appears to be its source. You don't have to do this to see the "shooting stars," though, since they will appear throughout the sky.
If you want to find the constellation that looks like the fountainhead of the meteors, begin by locating Sirius. Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky and will be to the southwest of the meteor shower's namesake, Orion.
Once you find Orion, locate the three stars in the middle of the image. They make up Orion's Belt. The meteors will seem to come from the rectangle that surrounds this region of the constellation.
The Orionids are somewhat unusual in that the number of meteors visible each year is fairly constant.
Cooke noted that the rate of meteors can vary by factor of 3.
You can continue to see a dwindling array of shooting stars in the early morning sky through Nov. 14. The Orionids start to appear in early October.
The next significant meteor shower happens in December. The Geminids, which peak around Dec. 12, are even more spectacular than the Orionids.
"It has the best rates of any annual shower, usually topping 100 per hour," Cooke said.
This image of an Orionid in the skies over New Mexico was captured on Oct. 18, 2012. Courtesy NASA/MSFC.
Protecting the Ross Sea, Antarctica.


text:
Home / Publications / For Your Information: Australian Privacy Law and Practice (ALRC Report 108) / 3. Achieving National Consistency / Is national consistency important?
3.9 A threshold issue is whether national consistency in the regulation of personal information handling is important. All submissions that addressed this issue strongly supported national consistency.[13] Most focused on how a nationally consistent privacy regime would lessen unjustified compliance burdens and cost. For example, a number of stakeholders emphasised that national consistency is essential to lessen the compliance burden for organisations and agencies that operate across state borders.[14] Others argued that the use of technologies—such as the internet—justifies a harmonised approach to privacy regulation at a national and international level.[15]
3.10 A large number of stakeholders identified that state and territory legislation regulating the handling of personal information in the private sector is a major cause of inconsistency, complexity and costs.[16] In particular, stakeholders submitted that inconsistency in the regulation of health information is creating a number of problems, including a significant compliance burden and cost, and preventing projects that are in the public interest, such as medical research.[17] These problems arise, in part, because the handling of health information in the private sector is regulated by the Privacy Act and state and territory legislation in NSW, Victoria and the ACT.[18]
3.11 Some stakeholders noted, however, that while national consistency is a valuable objective, it should not be pursued to the detriment of the level of protection afforded by privacy legislation.[19] The OPC submitted that:
Consistency does not mean the elimination of multi-layered regulation. In many cases, additional protections that regulate particular sectors, or protect certain information, can enhance privacy (such as privacy codes and secrecy provisions). However, in the interests of all parties, it is critical to ensure these layers are not unnecessary, inconsistent, or poorly interactive.[20]
3.12 State governments and others maintained that the states and territories should be left to regulate the handling of personal information in their own public sectors. These stakeholders emphasised the benefits of having different levels of government to innovate or respond to local conditions;[21] the need for privacy legislation to interact with other state and territory legislation, such as freedom of information and human rights legislation;[22] and the advantages of having a local regulator to handle complaints and provide advice and training programs.[23]
3.13 Inconsistency and fragmentation in privacy regulation causes a number of problems, including unjustified compliance burden and cost, impediments to information sharing and national initiatives, and confusion about who to approach to make a privacy complaint. National consistency, therefore, should be one of the goals of privacy regulation.[24] This finding is consistent with the Senate Committee privacy inquiry and the OPC Review, which both concluded that privacy laws should aim to be consistent across Australia.[25]
3.14 The goal of national consistency can be achieved in a number of different ways, including:
the adoption of uniform privacy principles, any relevant regulations that modify the application of the Unified Privacy Principles (UPPs) and relevant definitions used in the Privacy Act at the federal, state and territory level;[26]
the harmonisation of the Privacy Act and other laws that regulate the handling of personal information;[27]
cooperation and coordination between privacy regulators;[28] and
consistency in the coverage of privacy laws—for example, the removal of the small business and the employee records exemptions.[29]
3.15 A nationally consistent privacy regime will ensure that Australians' personal information will attract similar protection whether that personal information is being handled by an Australian Government agency or a state or territory government agency, a multinational organisation or a small business, and whether that information is recorded in a paper file or electronically. Ensuring national consistency also will assist:
individuals to determine what their rights are and how to enforce them;
agencies and organisations to understand their obligations and how to comply effectively and efficiently with them; and
regulators in managing the possible overlap of functions in some areas.[30]
3.16 The ALRC is also mindful, however, of the need for flexibility in some areas. A number of stakeholders noted that consistency of information privacy regulation across jurisdictions, between the public and private sectors, and between different kinds of business, can only be achieved if the regulation is flexible enough to accommodate the different interests, business practices, and accountability of those subject to the regulation.[31] Some sectors require specific laws when dealing with personal information, for example, the health sector, credit reporting industry and the telecommunications industry.[32]
[13] See Australian Privacy Foundation, Submission PR 553, 2 January 2008; Public Interest Advocacy Centre, Submission PR 548, 26 December 2007; Cancer Council Australia and Clinical Oncological Society of Australia, Submission PR 544, 23 December 2007; Australian Direct Marketing Association, Submission PR 543, 21 December 2007; Investment and Financial Services Association, Submission PR 538, 21 December 2007; Office of the Health Services Commissioner (Victoria), Submission PR 518, 21 December 2007; Australian Taxation Office, Submission PR 515, 21 December 2007; Australian Government Department of Broadband' Communications and the Digital Economy, Submission PR 512, 21 December 2007; Office of the Privacy Commissioner, Submission PR 499, 20 December 2007; Australian Industry Group and Australian Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers' Association, Submission PR 494, 19 December 2007; Queensland Government, Submission PR 490, 19 December 2007; Privacy NSW, Submission PR 468, 14 December 2007; Microsoft Asia Pacific, Submission PR 463, 12 December 2007; Telstra Corporation Limited, Submission PR 459, 11 December 2007; AXA, Submission PR 442, 10 December 2007; Avant Mutual Group Ltd, Submission PR 421, 7 December 2007; National Australia Bank, Submission PR 408, 7 December 2007. See also Australian Law Reform Commission, Review of Australian Privacy Law, DP 72 (2007), [4.11].
[14] See, eg, Centre for Law and Genetics, Submission PR 497, 20 December 2007; Avant Mutual Group Ltd, Submission PR 421, 7 December 2007; National Australia Bank, Submission PR 408, 7 December 2007; Australian Bankers' Association Inc, Submission PR 259, 19 March 2007; Australian Federal Police, Submission PR 186, 9 February 2007; CrimTrac, Submission PR 158, 31 January 2007; National Australia Bank and MLC Ltd, Submission PR 148, 29 January 2007; AAMI, Submission PR 147, 29 January 2007; Victorian Society for Computers and the Law Inc, Submission PR 137, 22 January 2007; National Association for Information Destruction, Submission PR 133, 19 January 2007; National Health and Medical Research Council, Submission PR 114, 15 January 2007.
[15] Microsoft Australia, Submission PR 113, 15 January 2007; Office of the Information Commissioner (Northern Territory), Submission PR 103, 15 January 2007.
[16] See, eg, Investment and Financial Services Association, Submission PR 122, 15 January 2007; Microsoft Australia, Submission PR 113, 15 January 2007; Cancer Council Victoria, Consultation PC 75, Melbourne, 5 February 2007.
[17] See, eg, National Health and Medical Research Council, Submission PR 114, 15 January 2007. See also Office of the Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Submission PR 217, 28 February 2007; Telstra, Submission PR 185, 9 February 2007; National Australia Bank and MLC Ltd, Submission PR 148, 29 January 2007; Investment and Financial Services Association, Submission PR 122, 15 January 2007; Australasian Compliance Institute, Submission PR 102, 15 January 2007.
[18]Health Records and Information Privacy Act 2002 (NSW); Health Records Act 2001 (Vic); Health Records (Privacy and Access) Act 1997 (ACT).
[19] Public Interest Advocacy Centre, Submission PR 548, 26 December 2007; Office of the Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Submission PR 493, 19 December 2007; G Greenleaf, N Waters and L Bygrave—Cyberspace Law and Policy Centre UNSW, Submission PR 183, 9 February 2007; Electronic Frontiers Australia Inc, Submission PR 76, 8 January 2007.
[20] Office of the Privacy Commissioner, Submission PR 215, 28 February 2007.
[21]Government of South Australia, Submission PR 187, 12 February 2007; Legal Aid Commission of New South Wales, Submission PR 107, 15 January 2007.
[22]Office of the Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Submission PR 217, 28 February 2007.
[23]Queensland Government, Submission PR 242, 15 March 2007; Australian Privacy Foundation, Submission PR 167, 2 February 2007.
[24] Professor Fred Cate has stated that individuals should enjoy privacy protection that is as consistent as possible across types of data, settings, and jurisdictions: F Cate, 'The Failure of Fair Information Practice Principles' in J Winn (ed) Consumer Protection in the Age of the 'Information Economy' (2007) 341.
[25] Parliament of Australia—Senate Legal and Constitutional References Committee, The Real Big Brother: Inquiry into the Privacy Act 1988 (2005), rec 3; Office of the Privacy Commissioner, Getting in on the Act: The Review of the Private Sector Provisions of the Privacy Act 1988 (2005), recs 2–7.
[26] See below and Ch 17.
[27] See, eg, Chs 15, 16.
[28] See, eg, Chs 14, 17, 49, 71.
[29] See Part E.
[31] Australian Government Department of Employment and Workplace Relations, Submission PR 211, 27 February 2007. See also, Centre for Law and Genetics, Submission PR 127, 16 January 2007 in relation to health information; and AAPT Ltd, Submission PR 87, 15 January 2007 in relation to telecommunications.
[32] See Part G, Part H, Part J. See also the ALRC's recommendations in relation to small business in Ch 39.


Description: Grey suede tote bag featuring duel rolled handles, silver-tone hardware, logo place card on front, snap expansions at sides, ID card, open center with three compartments one with magnetic flap closure, brown leather lining and four metal feet. Includes adjustable shoulder strap, dust bag and authenticity card.
Fabrication: Suede exterior; Leather lined.
Condition: Pre-owned. Good condition with discoloration on exterior as shown in photo's. Interior is very clean!


text:
Kennard & Phillips | Untitled (Iraq)
27 JANUARY – 18 MARCH 2006
Peter Kennard and Cat Picton Phillipps have been working together since the invasion of Iraq to make work that attempts to show the extent of the devastation meted out to the Iraqi people.
In 2005 they were in residence at Norwich Gallery as part of EASTinternational, selected by Gustav Metzger. They set up a studio making posters and prints which were then given away to activists, anti-war groups and members of the public. The printed material was also made available and can still be downloaded from EAST's website: www.east05.net (listed under the artists' names).
During the residency they also began a series of paintings, seven of which will be included in this exhibition. Photographs taken in Iraq by news photographers have been digitally montaged together to form larger images printed on canvas and then combined with oil paint. The images focus very precisely on an event and then disintegrate into 'the fog of war'. An image of a brick wall comes through in most of the canvasses, blocking movement by the people depicted and acting as a barrier but also a surface on which disintegrating images of Iraqi victims are fly-posted in the manner of posters
in the street.
The paintings are landscapes of the war. They represent multiple views elided together; there is no specific punch line as they aim to get the viewer involved through the build up and layering of images from Iraq since the start of the invasion in 2003.
"As artists we are responding viscerally to events as they happen. Through the new technology of digital media it is now possible to print photographs in such a way that they combine with paint indistinguish-able from the photograph. We can take the photographic facts of war and unleash our response through the medium of paint. The result is not smooth and seamless as in a print; it is rough; unfinished, broken, fractured, representing an anger and frustration with the actions of our governments."
Last year Kennard and Phillipps made a series of prints titled 'Award' that was shown at Henry Peacock Gallery, London and Street Level Gallery, Glasgow and was bought by the V&A. The series will be shown at the V&A in May 2006.
Peter Kennard was born in London in 1949 and is currently Senior Lecturer in Photography at the Royal College of Art. His work in known internationally, gaining exposure in galleries, on the streets and in newspapers, magazines and books.
Cat Picton Phillipps was born in Edinburgh in 1972. She has worked in London for the past eight years and runs a small print studio 'K and C' in East London. She has been working on collaborative projects with Peter since 2003.


"Tonkin understands existing issues and those relating to new design proposals so that effective solutions can be delivered. They are open to innovation and trying to do things in different ways rather than relying on custom and practice."
Infrastructure developers face considerable risk in the escalation of project costs during the construction delivery phase of projects. Tonkin helps to manage these risks with professional supervision and administration of construction contracts.
Our team of specialists manages a project from inception to completion with a strong focus on delivering to time and budget. We are skilled in administering construction projects from tender development to practical completion, and continuously work to develop our relationships with contractors, consultants and clients to deliver high-quality projects.


Town of Claremont Parking Officer Robert Magill (wearing the BWC on his right shoulder) believes the cameras have been a fantastic addition for the team.
Town of Claremont rangers and parking officers are among the first in Western Australia to utilise body worn cameras during their day-to-day activities.
Six body-worn cameras (BWCs) were approved for purchase at the start of the financial year for officers to wear when on patrol.
Mayor Jock Barker said the cameras have been a welcome addition to the Town of Claremont's Community Safety Program and provide as much of a deterrent as CCTV.
Once activated, the cameras capture sound and vision. They are widely used in law enforcement throughout Australia as an additional security and monitoring measure.
Since their inception in November 2017, officers have noted a drastic decrease in aggressive behaviour, abuse and fallacious accusations.
The Town has clear guidelines and procedures in place to manage the use of the BWCs, which are only switched to record mode when the officer is attending a complaint, is approached by a person in an agitated or aggressive manner or if they witness an incident where footage may provide evidence as an offence. Officers ensure they inform members of the public if they are being recorded.


text:
Crestmark Provides More Than $35.2 Million in Commercial Financing to 85 Businesses in the Second Half of April
TROY, Mich., (May 13, 2020) – Crestmark secured a total of $3,950,000 in ABL financial solutions for four new clients; Crestmark Equipment Finance provided $17,383,632 in eight new lease transactions; Crestmark Vendor Finance provided $8,457,754 in 71 new lease transactions; and the Government Guaranteed Lending Division provided $5,423,700 in financing for two new clients in the second half of April.
Crestmark's Asset-Based Lending Divisions:
On Apr. 20, a $150,000 accounts receivable purchase facility was provided to a dry freight trucking company in Georgia. The financing will be used for working capital purposes.
A $150,000 accounts receivable purchase facility was provided to a dry van transport company in California on Apr. 20. The financing will be used for working capital purposes.
On Apr. 20, a $3,500,000 accounts receivable purchase facility was provided to a services-provider to natural gas producers in Texas. The financing will be used to pay off an existing lender and for working capital purposes.
A $150,000 accounts receivable purchase facility was provided to a freight all kind transport company in California on Apr. 20. The financing will be used for working capital purposes.
On Apr. 20, a $4,994,700 new lease transaction was completed with a solar energy systems services provider in the western U.S. The financing will be used for office equipment.
A $840,401 new lease transaction was completed with a chemical manufacturer in the southern U.S. on Apr. 20. The financing will be used for IT equipment.
On Apr. 21, a $1,787,109 new lease transaction was completed with an airline company in the southeastern U.S. The financing will be used for operational equipment.
A $4,821,487 new lease transaction was completed with a metallurgical mining company in the southeastern U.S. on Apr. 23. The financing will be used for construction equipment.
On Apr. 27, a $801,000 new lease transaction was completed with an equipment rental company in the southeastern U.S. The financing will be used for construction equipment.
A $517,154 new lease transaction was completed with a healthcare foundation in the midwestern U.S. on Apr. 29. The financing will be used for medical equipment.
On Apr. 30, a $1,158,534 new lease transaction was completed with an oil & gas industry services provider in the southern U.S. The financing will be used for capital equipment.
A $2,463,247 new lease transaction was completed with an internet provider in the western U.S. on Apr. 30. The financing will be used for networking equipment.
Crestmark Vendor Finance funded $8,457,754 in 71 new lease transactions in the second half of April. Some highlights include:
On Apr. 16, an equipment finance transaction was completed with a dermatologist in the northeastern U.S. The financing will be used for laser equipment.
A lease transaction was completed with a rental company in the southeastern U.S. on Apr. 22. The financing will be used for capital equipment.
On Apr. 28, a new lease transaction was completed with an imaging center in the southwestern U.S. The financing will be used for medical equipment.
A new equipment finance transaction was completed with a private transportation company in the southeastern U.S. on Apr. 30. The financing will be used for a vehicle.
The Government Guaranteed Lending Division:
On Apr. 17, a $638,700 SBA 7(a) term loan facility was provided to an independent insurance agency in Texas. The financing will be used for acquisition and for working capital purposes.
A $4,785,000 term loan facility was provided to a wealth advisory firm in Maryland on Apr. 30. The financing will be used for acquisition and for working capital purposes.


Nestlé's in-house design team has created the packaging for the Mini Smarties relaunch. The pyramid-shaped pack features a new logo and launches mid-April.
Nestlé's in-house design team has created the packaging for the Mini Smarties relaunch. The pyramid-shaped pack features a new logo and launches mid-April.
We've heard from a design group and an agency, what about a designer?


text:
Mediation With Muqtada And Limits Of
Mediation with Muqtada and the Limits of Tolerance
The Scotsman reports that the standoff between the American forces and those of Muqtada al-Sadr in Najaf continues. Muqtada appears to be seeking a compromise.
I thought the following anecdote typical of the dry humor of the ayatollahs, even in parlous times. It concerns Muqtada's negotiations with the sons of two of the grand ayatollahs in Najaf (Muhammad Ridha Sistani & Ali Bashir Najafi, joined by Shaikhs Ali al-Sabzavari, Mahdi al-Qusayfi, and Baqir al-Ayrwani):
' Sources close to the delegation said Sadr has proposed that he will disband his Mehdi Army if told to do so by the religious authorities. "The delegation answered that as he did not ask the Najaf elders before forming his militia, why is he asking for an edict to disband it now? But the negotiations are ongoing," an aide to leading cleric Mohammad Bahr al-Uloum said. '
az-Zaman says today that the delegation whill choose a representative who does not serve on the Interim Governing Council to conduct negotiations aimed at bringing the crisis to an end; the appointee would have to be acceptable to the IGC and to the Coalition Provisional Authority. An unnamed official of the al-Da`wa Party said that the US had accepted the principle of mediation with Muqtada. He said that any agreement reached would necessitate that Muqtada recognize the rule of law and cease using his militia to inspire fear and coerce consciences. He proposed that Muqtada demonstrate his sincerity by calling for these things in his next Friday sermon. Then the members of the militia would be asked to vacate their positions and surrender their weapons. Another element of the settlement would be for an Iraqi court to undertake an inquiry into the charges against Muqtada, of instigating murder. The al-Da`wa official said that the results of the inquiry will inevitably be postponed until after the transfer of sovereignty on June 30, since such investigations take that sort of time. (The point seems to be that Muqtada might object less to being investigated and tried if it were done when Iraq is not formally under foreign occupation).
Al-Qabas, the Kuwaiti daily, says that mediators report getting mixed signals from the Americans. They say that military figures appear to want to "kill or capture" Muqtada, whereas civilians like Paul Bremer say they want to "restore calm." Is a power struggle going on over Muqtada between the generals and the viceroys?
Jonathan Steele of the Guardian has a thoughtful report on the negotiations. He says the Coalition Provisional Authority is trying to justify having cracked down on Muqtada on the grounds that he was planning an uprising even before the closure of his newspaper. I do not agree. Muqtada was the leader of a sectarian movement, and it was certainly proselytizing, coercing, and organizing. But all the indications are that he was being careful not to confront the CPA with violence, until he became convinced that they were coming after him. He may have planned violence or at least political coercion for next year, but we do not know that. We only know that he was organizing, including organizing a militia. In that he was no different from pro-American figures like Abdul Aziz al-Hakim (who heads the Badr Corps militia), Ibrahim Jaafari, whose Dawa Party has a militia, or even Ahmad Chalabi, whose militia was flown into Iraq by Rumsfeld on Pentagon aircraft and given perquisites by the US.
Az-Zaman also reports that Dawa Party leader Ibrahim Jaafari, who is in Tehran for talks with President Khatami and Supreme Jurisprudent Ali Khamenei, has sought and received Iranian support for the arrest of Muqtada. In return, Washington would stop accusing Iran of supporting him (an accusation intended by the Neocons to lay the groundwork for a US war on Iran), and would allow the Iranian ambassador to return to Baghdad. (This report seems to me shaky. I don't think the quid pro quo is commensurate, and don't see why Khamenei would cooperate in such a thing.) What does ring true is the report that the Iranians are absolutely refusing to take Muqtada as a political exile. Sending him into exile in Iran would be one way of resolving the current crisis, but apparently the Iranians, already surrounded by the US and suspicious that it plans a conquest of Tehran, view Muqtada as a sort of Trojan Horse that the US might later use as a pretext to harass them. High US military officials keep saying Iran backs Muqtada, but it is not clear that they back him more than they do other figures; even Ahmad Chalabi is rumored to get money from Tehran.
Jack Fairweather of the Telegraph notes the strong class divisions over Muqtada in Iraqi society, with the poor often supporting him but the educated middle class despising him.
Anyone who wants to understand the discontents of the poor Shiites who support Muqtada should read Tod Robertson's report on Shiite attitudes toward the American occupation and the ways in which they have soured.
The problems should be obvious. The unemployment rate is still very high among Shiites in the south. The Great Depression in the US was defined by an unemployment rate of about 25%. That among Iraqis is much higher, perhaps still twice that in a lot of places. Those who complain about the proliferation of militias should remember that militiamen get stipends, and joining one is often a way to make some desperately needed money. Higher employment would make such dangerous work less appealing. Despite the bright promises of American rule, sewage still flows in the streets in the Shiite slums, and there often is not clean drinking water. Most important of all, the Americans promised democracy, but have consistently shut down attempts to have free and fair elections, even (for the most part) at the municipal level. (John Bourne's experiment with open municipal elections in the small towns around Nasiriyah is a praiseworthy exception, but it is an exception). There is a growing fear that the Americans intend to turn the country over to their corrupt cronies, such as fraudster Ahmad Chalabi, and there will be a new, neo-colonial "soft" dictatorship like that in Egypt (also a regime propped up by the Americans).


text:
How the West failed Egypt's democracy: Jeremy Kinsman
World·Analysis
For decades, the West got countries like Egypt hopelessly wrong by letting a desire for allies override what repressed people in those countries wanted for themselves, former ambassador Jeremy Kinsman writes. Now we are paying a price that may take a generation to put right.
Egyptian army crackdown could set democracy back a generation
Jeremy Kinsman special to · CBC News · Posted: Aug 16, 2013 5:13 AM ET | Last Updated: August 17, 2013
A young Muslim Brotherhood supporter sits among the wreckage outside the burnt Rabaa Adawiya mosque in Cairo on Thursday after security forces used bulldozers and tear gas to clear the demonstration site. (Mohamed Abd El Ghan / Reuters)
The death toll in Egypt's summer of anger makes you wonder how dumping Hosni Mubarak two years ago could possibly have been worth such a cost.
International surveys repeatedly show that in times of crisis and disruption most people choose peace and security over justice.
Egyptians turfed out Mubarak in a quest for justice. In the process, they lost security. What went wrong? And what now?
Getting rid of a dictator is relatively easy compared to the work of constructing democracy from the ground up.
Democracy is not a short-term process that can be downloaded from outside. It has to rely on behaviour that is built up over time, and where the building blocks are civil society and its habits of give and take.
Egyptians, under successive dictators, had no opportunity to build these vital capacities, and the result of that is what we have been witnessing these past weeks.
The sociologist Saad Eddin Ibrahim is a courageous human rights advocate who was once jailed for speaking out against Mubarak. Looking now at the way in which the revolution he sought has turned into a battle between his fellow countrymen, he asks for patience. "You gave Mubarak 30 years. Give us some time."
Ibrahim had long criticized the U.S. for coddling Mubarak, part of a frequent tendency of the West to prefer the apparent stability of a useful dictator over basic democratic values.
And now the U.S., whose influence in Egypt is at its lowest ebb ever, is struggling to decide exactly where to throw its considerable support.
Three power bases
Today, power in Egypt has been dispersed to a triad of distinct bases.
One is the faith-based Islamist parties of which the Muslim Brotherhood — long banned from politics in the Mubarak era, but always present as a social service provider — was elected to office in 2012 only to be deposed by protest and the army.
Another grouping comprises the many elements of the "secularist" and democratic opposition that was the spearhead in toppling Mubarak. It is probably equal in aggregate support to the Brotherhood, but has none of its unity of organization and common purpose.
Then there is the army. It presents itself as the guarantor of the nation's integrity with its self-appointed role as broker between these other two groups. But it also has vast economic interests of its own that it wants to safeguard.
Supporting cast members here include the very tough internal security agencies that are anti-Brotherhood, and the courts, which are largely Mubarak-appointed and which, with ardent support from the network of old-regime business cronies, try to protect the remnants of the former status quo.
Beyond them all are tens of millions of Egyptian poor along with the country's frustrated urban professionals chafing at the economic disarray.
The missing ingredients
In reviewing the experience of countries that attempted and (in most cases) succeeded in making the transition from authoritarian societies to democracy in the wave that began with Portugal and Spain in the 1970s and swept through Eastern Europe (after the Communist collapse in 1989), Latin America, and many countries in Africa and Asia, many scholars, including those in the seven-year project I direct under the Community of Democracies, point to the necessity of what's called "pacting" among the contestants for power.
U.S. President Barack Obama interrupted his vacation on Martha's Vineyard on Thursday to 'deplore' the Egyptian authorities crackdown on Muslim Brotherhood supporters. As he spoke Egypt's interior ministry said it had authorized security forces to use live ammunition against protestors attacking churches or government buildings. (Reuters)
Normally, the incoming revolutionary order seldom wins a clean sweep, and there needs to be some kind of tacit agreement with the old order not to turn everything completely upside down.
Without such agreement, a country will stagger forward and backward in unresolved, polarized conflict where "democracy and dictatorship live side-by-side," as St. Petersburg's Mayor Anatoly Sobchak said about Russia's problems in the 1990s (which have only become aggravated).
All societies are pluralist. But institutions must be inclusive. That is the most important rule of democracy.
One of the West's early misplaced emphasis was the belief that generally free and fair elections was what democracy was all about.
In reality, it is what happens after the elections that most determines democratic success or failure. Will winners, who may be an ethnic, tribal, or sectarian majority, include electoral minorities wholeheartedly? Or will they judge them only as political adversaries?
In Egypt's case, once the Muslim Brotherhood won power, it didn't seem to have a clue about the need for truly "pacting" with any of the opposition groups, which is why the army toppled them from power.
But it now is making precisely the same mistake.
Missed the signs
For decades, the U.S. and most other Western countries got Egypt (and Tunisia, and Libya, etc.,) hopelessly wrong by allowing our desire for allies in the "war on terror" and for the Mideast peace process to override the need to understand what repressed people in those countries wanted for themselves.
Our understanding today falsely aligned our Egyptian hopes with that country's so-called secularists because our own political system is undeniably secular.
Relatives of dead Muslim Brotherhood supporters console each othter at El Eyman mosque in Cairo on Thursday. At least 525 people were killed in the security crackdown. (Amr Dalsh / Reuters)
In so doing, we failed to see that virtually all Egyptians possess deep religious faith, their differences being over the degree of pluralism guaranteed by Egypt's laws and political process.
After Mohammed Morsi was elected president a year ago, the U.S. Embassy in Cairo worked hard to persuade the Obama administration and the U.S. Congress to accept the new regime, while trying to influence the Morsi government to be more tolerant and inclusive. At the same time, these diplomats tried to maintain the neutrality of the Egyptian army, in part by the promise of massive U.S. military aid.
But that delicate balance collapsed. Morsi had no experience with the essential compromises of political life, and couldn't seem to see that being Egypt's first-ever democratic winner did not entitle him to call all the shots.
Today, democrats look on aghast as democracy's laboratory in the Middle East is exploding with an experiment gone fatally awry.
Not only will Egypt now need a generation to heal the wounds it has inflicted on itself, even if it should come to some temporary accommodation, but young Islamists everywhere, having seen democracy denied, will be its enemies from here on.
For them, we, the outside democracies, come across as callow and shallow, flippant with our sound-bite formulas like "the army's intervention is the least bad solution."
We blew it by looking on bewildered and sort of bothered when we should have been supporting that initial democracy through a massive plan of economic reconstruction, conditional of course on inclusive governance to see it through.
Is it too late now? The paradox is that while it's up to Egyptians to succeed or not, the only person in the world who could possibly cajole the competing factions into engaging with each is Obama, who is himself politically burdened by polarization at home.
No one else has the standing to come near. Without a decisive personal intervention from Washington — not to "Americanize" the outcome, but to support reconciliation and inclusivity — democracy will have taken a grievous blow.
Its failure for a great and deserving people will be a cautionary tale for many others for years to come.
Egypt's state of emergency in pictures
Egyptians urged to end violence, exercise 'maximum restraint'
Nahlah Ayed: Can Egypt put the Islamist genie back in the bottle?


text:
The Indonesia women's national under-16 basketball team is a national basketball team of Indonesia, administered by the Indonesian Basketball Association "PERBASI".

It represents the country in international under-16 (under age 16) women's basketball competitions.

See also
Indonesia women's national basketball team
Indonesia women's national under-18 basketball team
Indonesia men's national under-16 basketball team

References

External links
 Archived records of Indonesia team participations

under
Women's national under-16 basketball teams

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia