Кафе в Самаре. Кафе дети лейтенанта шмидта самара. Кафе самара официальный сайт.
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Analytics inform, but the gut is what executives rely upon most when making decisions, according to a new study conducted by the FORTUNE Knowledge Group and gyro. While conventional wisdom would indicate that "hard" elements, such as details around cost, quality and efficiency, are more compelling to decision-makers, this new research suggests that the opposite is true. When asked to share their feelings about what really drives their purchase decisions, senior executives revealed that "soft" factors, including company culture, reputation and level of trust, were what they primarily relied on to help them make decisions.
• See the "soft" factors that make all the difference to buyers.
• Learn three key steps to relating to buyers on an emotional level.


text:
Q: Which IDE for C++ software can I use for targeting Windows, Linux and OSX? I was reading today question on IDEs fo C++, and there are very good ones like Netbeans.
My question is about creating a software in C++ on Windows Environment, but let users install and run my software also on Linux and OSX.
Does netbeans has a compiler to do the job, or is there any good IDE which has a compiler for targeting my c++ code to these other environments?
thank you

A: QtCreator. It's awesome, slick and everything.
While it is not as feature rich as some competitors, it does many things just right that others don't.
I would say it is the one truly cross-platform IDE that is competitive to single-platform solutions. And it comes with tight integration of a very powerful and clean cross-platform toolkit. Something that you need for most cross-platform applications by itself.

A: I use Eclipse CDT and have had some degree of success. But I'm a Java programmer, so it's what I'm used to. It's worth checking out, and the extensions are quite cool.

A: Many people like Code::Blocks and it is cross-platform, with integrated debugging, code completion, etc. Qt Creator is also good and at least still very minimalistic.

A: Without a doubt VisualStudio with gnu make.

A: I've found Visual Studio to have the best IDE for C++.  In addition, it's debugger and the way it handles multi-threaded applications is excellent.
And you can tweak the properties for your project to use different compilers and compiler flags of your choice, so it can build to any target.

A: You're talking about cross-compiling as GMan said, that's a compiler job, not IDE's and itu's kind of hard to make C++ software that runs well on Linux/Windows/MacOSX, C++ isn't a cross plataform language beacuse of its ABI, so you should try to use C++ standart code.
If you're making a consloe application there's no much problem just be care not to use system interface, but if you're planning to do some kind of graphics app then C++ it not the better choice for your purpose. Try some design that split the view from the controller/model of the app.

A: You can use QtCreator or NetBeans. First on C++ secord on Java. Both use MinGW g++.

A: Just a thought: you don't need to use a single IDE for all platforms. It is very common, for example, to use Visual Studio on Windows and Xcode on Mac OS X for cross-platform projects. I'm not familiar with Linux IDEs thought so couldn't recommend anything there.

A: Write makefiles for each OS? Simple enough seems to me.

A: Concerning cross plattform development it doesn't make a difference which IDE you use. Just make sure you use a cross platform (and possibly IDE independent) build system like SCons or cmake.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: if statement does not work in c# I have a fairly simple task which I want to do but something weird is happening. I just want to check if an element in a string equals zero and then set an integer accordingly.
This is my code
if (ssRow[(bar_position_row - 3)].Equals("0") && ssRow[(bar_position_row + 1)].Equals("0"))
   {
      back_row = 2;
      front_row = 2;
   }
else if (!ssRow[(bar_position_row - 3)].Equals("0") && !ssRow[(bar_position_row + 1)].Equals("0"))
   {
      back_row = 3;
      front_row = 1;
   }
else if (ssRow[(bar_position_row - 3)].Equals("0") && !ssRow[(bar_position_row + 1)].Equals("0"))
   {
      back_row = 2;
      front_row = 1;
   }

When I test my code, in several examples ssRow[(bar_position_row - 3)] and ssRow[(bar_position_row + 1)] equal zero but somehow the ssRow[(bar_position_row - 3)].Equals("0") and ssRow[(bar_position_row + 1)].Equals("0") are both FALSE. Does anyone know what my mistake is?

A: When you index into a string, what you get back is a char, not another string. You then compare this char to a string ("0"), and understandably get back false.
You should be comparing against '0' (a char), not "0" (a string). And since char is a value type, you can just use the == equality operator. If you had done so in the first place, this would have been a compile time error.
See example:
"abc"[0].Equals("a") //false
"abc"[0].Equals('a') //true

"abc"[0] == 'a' //true
"abc"[0] == "a" //compile-time error, can't compare char with string

A: I do not know the type of ssRow, if using index access on it does not return an string, then Equals("0") is doing object equality.
To fix it, consider using .ToString() first: ssRow[(bar_position_row - 3)].ToString().Equals("0")


text:
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Beast. James Beast.
Posted by <Mordecai> on February 23, 2002 @ 11:39 AM
from the on-her-majesty's-satanic-service dept.
Secret Agent 666: Aleister Crowley
and British Intelligence in America, 1914-1918
by Richard B. Spence
International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,
13(3):359-371 Fall 2000
Of all of Aleister Crowley's many books the one which I read first was The Confessions of Aleister Crowley (though I did stop to read the entire Book of the Law as soon as I'd read Crowley's description of his reception of it). I greatly enjoyed Crowley's colorful tales and his often ironic style of writing, but I also saw him as someone generally concerned to portray himself in an especially good light. For instance, when Crowley described his pro-German propaganda activities in the U.S. as a disinformation campaign for British intelligence I was more than a little skeptical; I figured he had probably just backed the wrong horse and was now making his excuses.
When I finally years later read some of his essays for the pro-German journal The Fatherland I completely revised my opinion. It's quite evident to me that Crowley's diatribes are brilliantly crafted to make the Germans seem crass and brutal while all the time praising them to the skies. But apparently it's not evident to everyone (after all, it did fool the editor George Sylvester Viereck, a prominent and persistent supporter of German interests in America for both the Kaiser and the Fuehrer), and the accusation that Crowley was a traitor followed him for the rest of his life, and still does today.
Now there's finally a reputable source to cite to back up what is obvious to anyone familiar with Crowley's writing style, that he was indeed engaging in "covert operations" for British intelligence in the WWI-era United States. Richard B. Spence is a professor of Russian and Eastern European history with an interest in espionage and military affairs, and his careful, well-documented article definitely links Crowley's 1914-1918 interlude in America with an organization then known as MI1c, Section V (or the Secret Intelligence Service), and now known simply as MI6. That Professor Spence had to establish this fact through recently available documents in the archives of the U.S. Army's Military Intelligence Division (MID) rather than from the still-classified documents in British archives says something about the ongoing ingratitude of Crowley's country toward his wartime services.
Crowley's most important connection with British intelligence during these years seems to have been Charles Clive Bayley (from October 1915 British general consul in New York). Previously (1913-15) Bayley was the British consul in Moscow, and Crowley had had extensive conversations with him while visiting with a 1913 production of the Ragged Ragtime Girls (as evidenced by several amusing anecdotes which Crowley recalls in Confessions). All of which raises the strong possibility that Crowley was already working with British intelligence before the Great War. The details of Crowley's involvement with the Secret Intelligence Service at this time makes for lively reading (at least for obsessives like me), but in any event, we can now be sure that Crowley was, as he said all along, a patriotic Briton who risked and lost for his homeland, if not his life, then at least his reputation.
Articles on Scholarship
Also by Mordecai
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**Re: Beast. James Beast.**
by <Nekial> on Friday March 01, @07:38PM
Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the law.
Dearest M.,
Thank you for this piece about a little-researched period in Al's life. I have run across, here and there, photo-copies of a letter of thanks to Mr. C. for his service during WWII, and had always accepted it as obviously true (and obviously within AC's character), though with a grain of salt.
Feeling a little vindicated, I suppose,
Nekial
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text:
Notable Projects Submission Form
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In Greek mythology, Priam was the king of Troy: a benevolent ruler and loving father with a major role in the Iliad. The name means "exceptionally courageous," and carries an air of nobility and dignity - well-suited for a character played in 2004 by the celebrated actor Peter O'Toole.
The Cybex Priam Stroller (2-in-1 Light Seat, Frame, and Trekking Wheels) is exceptional in many ways as well, starting with its exceptionally elegant look: this is a stroller that will turn heads everywhere you go, with a sleek and unique frame and unusual denim-look fabrics. More importantly, though, the Cybex Priam is exceptionally adaptable: you can even buy your Priam some skis (sold separately)!
The Priam is designed to take kids anywhere, with an amazing array of seating (and snoozing) choices. The 2-in-1 Seat comes with seat fabric as well as separate fabric to turn the frame into a bassinet giving you two strolling options. The seat is suitable for children 6 months and up, however, using it in bassinet form you are able to use it with your infant right away! You also have the option of using your Priam Stroller as a travel system with a Cybex Aton Q or Cloud Q infant car seat and the (INCLUDED!) adapters.
As your child grows, they'll enjoy riding in a seat that can face you or face the world, is shaded by an extendable XXL sun canopy with UVP50+ sun protection, and is padded with an extra-soft, durable seat cover. You'll love the one-handed recline, and the sophisticated faux-leather bumper bar, which opens to one side so it's easy to get your child in and out of the stroller.
At the center of the Priam Stroller is the lovely and lightweight frame, which boasts an ultra-compact, ultra-easy one-handed fold - it folds standing up with the seat still attached, making it super-easy to stow in your trunk or hallway closet.
This version comes with the adaptable Trekking Wheels: slim rear wheels that help you maneuver easily, and middle-sized front wheels that add stability on rougher terrain without adding a ton of weight. The total stroller includes the 2-in-1 Light Seat, the Bassinet Fabric Set, the frame, and the Trekking Wheels. The stroller weighs in at 25 pounds.


This episode of Retro Superplex requires trigger warnings for language regarding references to sexual assault and mental illness. If you or someone that you know needs for help but does not know where to turn you can visit RAINN.org, crisistextline.org, suicidepreventionhotline.org or suicide.org. Here is another good resource.
Martin and Justin talk about the Mauro Ranallo situation with WWE, Mauro's battle with mental illness and how it was exploited by WWE to bully and mock him. As a Bipolar Disorder sufferer himself you can imagine Martin doesn't care for this behavior.
THEN the guys talk about something fun, the NJPW Sakura Genesis show with the crazy main event of Kazuchika Okada and Kazunori Shibata. Some other great matches happened on this show including a wild rematch from Wrestle Kingdom, Hiromu Takahashi vs. KUSHIDA, Hirooki Goto vs. Zack Sabre Jr. and War Machine challenge for the IWGP tag titles!


I' m long in Europe and it's a long term position as I think the old continet should top around year end. The long is still young, but it seems to be the last leg and then.....bye bye bulls.
Nothing to add about the stock market in Europe. It's boring, but for now it's long. I' m so bored by this market that I' ve become a rugby supporter and lately I follow rugby more than this boooring market. In my Venetic homeland rugby is infact a sort of religion and thanks to the help of our girls recently italy's female rugby team was second at the six nations' tournment, which is a great result, considered that Venetics are a few and Scots, French, English etc. are a lot more in terms of numbers. So I want to pay my personal tribute to my great Venetic female compatriots who helped in the last years to rise rugby to such a level.
We are running out of time for silver.
It has to make a decision soon.
In 1986 there was a similar structure and there was a ONE quarter false gap down break down which beared everyone up. But immediately after that it was shown to be a false break down and we see an almost 100% move higher in silver price.
Getting into the mind of the market. It would seem like this is the ultimate scenario to trap everyone before a moon shot to 30$ silver price. It would simply be too easy to just start north now without a slingshot.


text:
Notice 8
Proposed Rule 4
Classified information 10
Freedom of information 4
Archives and records 2
Health & Public Welfare 1
Documents Found 27
CIA Information Act of 1984; Operational File Exemptions
by the Central Intelligence Agency on 08/08/1994.
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is soliciting comments regarding the historical value of, or other public interest in, the CIA files designated under the CIA Information Act of 1984.
Privacy Act of 1974: Amendment of CIA System of Records (CIA-72) and Elimination of CIA System of Records (CIA-15)
The Central Intelligence Agency is providing notice of the amendment of a system of records and the elimination of a system of records in its current inventory of records systems subject to the Privacy Act of 1974, as amended (5 U.S.C. 552a).
Sources Sought for Advanced Information Technologies and New Information and Data Sources
To expand their knowledge of vendor capabilities and to open communication about federal information management requirements, the federal, scientific and technical information community through CENDI, (the interagency group composed of Commerce, Energy, NASA, National Library of Medicine and Defense Information managers), in collaboration with...
Privacy Act of 1974: Amendment of CIA Systems of Records (CIA-57)
The Central Intelligence Agency is providing notice on the amendment of a system of records in its current inventory of records systems subject to the Privacy Act of 1974, as amended (5 U.S.C. 552a).
Privacy Act of 1974: Addition of a New CIA System of Records (CIA-74)
The Central Intelligence Agency is providing notice of the addition of a new system of records in its current inventory of records systems subject to the Privacy Act of 1974, as amended (5 U.S.C. 552a).
Freedom of Information Act; Privacy Act; and Executive Order 12958; Implementation
The Central Intelligence Agency is hereby promulgating interim rules and soliciting comments prior to adoption of final rules to implement its obligations under the Freedom of Information Act, the Privacy Act, and Executive Order 12958 (or successor Orders) provisions relating to classification challenges by authorized holders, requests for...
Security Protective Service
The Central Intelligence Agency is hereby promulgating regulations which protect its installations within the United States. The classified and highly sensitive worldwide activities of the Agency are directed and supervised from these various installations. Furthermore, all intelligence support functions, including training, for the conduct of...
Debarment and Suspension Procedures
In accordance with its statutory procurement authorities, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has established a policy whereby the rights of CIA contractors in all matters involving debarment and suspension will be governed by the debarment and suspension provisions of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.
Notice of Decennial Review of Operational Files Designations
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA or Agency) is soliciting comments regarding the historical value of, or other public interest in, the CIA files designated by the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) pursuant to the CIA Information Act of 1984.
Privacy Act of 1974; Systems of Records and Routine Uses
The Central Intelligence Agency has undertaken and completed an Agency-wide review of its Privacy Act systems of records. As a result of this review, the Agency is publishing a complete set of revised Privacy Act systems of records notices. The Agency has also modified one of its existing routine uses and added seven new routine uses to its...
Fleet Alternative Fuel Use and Vehicle Acquisition Report for Fiscal Years 2004 and 2005 (Through June 2005)
Pursuant to the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct) (42 U.S.C. 13218(b)) and Executive Order 13149, the Central Intelligence Agency gives notice of its intention to make its Fleet Alternative Fuel Use and Vehicle Acquisition Report for Fiscal Years 2004 and 2005 (through June 2005) available on-line as of July 14, 2005, at http://...
Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records and Routine Uses
The Central Intelligence Agency has undertaken and completed an Agency-wide review of its Privacy Act systems of records. As a result of this review, in the May 24 2005 issue of the Federal Register, the Agency solicited public comments on the complete set of proposed revised Privacy Act systems of records notices, the proposed modification of...
FOIA Processing Fees
Consistent with the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and Executive Order 13392, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has undertaken and completed a zero-based review of its public FOIA regulations governing fees associated with the processing of FOIA requests. As a result of this review, the Agency proposes to revise its fee-related...
On January 8, 2007, the Central Intelligence Agency submitted a proposed rule for public comment on Freedom of Information Act processing fees to the Federal Register. The CIA has reviewed and carefully considered all of the comments that were submitted in response to our proposal. As a result of that review, the CIA hereby issues its final rule...
Freedom of Information Act; Implementation
Consistent with the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), as amended by the ``Openness Promotes Effectiveness in our National Government Act of 2007,'' and Executive Order 13392, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has undertaken and completed a review of its public FOIA regulations that govern certain aspects of its processing of FOIA requests....
Classification Challenge Regulations
Consistent with Executive Order 13526, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has undertaken and completed a review of its public Classification Challenge regulations. As a result of this review, the Agency has revised its Classification Challenge regulations to more clearly reflect the current CIA organizational structure and policies and...
Mandatory Declassification Review
Consistent with Executive Order 13526, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has undertaken and completed a review of its public Mandatory Declassification Review (MDR) regulations that govern certain aspects of its processing of MDR requests. As a result of this review, the Agency has revised its MDR regulations to more clearly reflect the...
Access by Historical Researchers and Certain Former Government Personnel
Consistent with Executive Order 13526, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has undertaken and completed a review of its public regulations on access by historical researchers and certain former government personnel. As a result of this review, the Agency has revised its access regulations to more clearly reflect the current CIA organizational...
Freedom of Information Act Regulations
Consistent with the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), as amended by the ``Openness Promotes Effectiveness in our National Government Act of 2007,'' and Executive Orders 13526 and 13392, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has undertaken and completed a review of its public FOIA regulations that govern certain aspects of its processing of FOIA...


text:
Promotion of Human Security in Africa: The Role of African Human Rights Institutions
Solomon A. Dersso, Dr
Peace-building
African court
African commission
"This study aims to examine the role of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR) and the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights (AHRC) in the promotion of human security in Africa. It specifically addresses ways in which the human rights mechanisms used by these African human rights bodies for the protection and promotion of human rights contribute to the promotion of human security in Africa. It seeks to carry out this investigation within the framework of the relationship between human rights and human security.The study begins by examining the nexus between human rights and human security. Although the study of the role Promotion of human security in Africa of these human rights bodies in the promotion and protection of human and peoples' rights and their contribution to human security is fraught with difficulties, it is pursued to demonstrate the huge potential these two bodies have to contribute to human security in Africa."


This video surveillance system is gaining followers since it can be easily adapted in facilities where there is a data network. After all, these cameras are IoT devices that need an Internet connection for proper operation. A technology that is comfortable for the user, but that involves certain drawbacks.
Being a system that does not need wiring, its installation is cheaper. Just have a network cable nearby to connect it.
The viewing of the images captured by these cameras is very simple since it is inherent in the installation itself. The video signal travels over the network and has a storage system that can be in the cloud, which saves the presence of another device.
These cameras do not record all the content, only those moments activated by the movement. That is, you can not search for a specific time point.
Although in general, they are cheaper, in the long run, they can be expensive. Everything depends on the previous installation that you have, since on some occasions up to one cable per IP camera may be necessary.
Being connected to the Web, it is possible to suffer a computer attack. If they are hacked, the information they record would be exposed, which includes personal data and passwords. Moreover, they can serve as a way to access a home more efficiently.
To avoid these possible failures, experts recommend entrusting the installation of cameras to professionals in electronic and cybersecurity.
As we said before, this type of cameras is based on a television system that does not broadcast the signal publicly in open but transmits the images to a monitor (or several monitors).
Depending on what they are used for, they may have advantages or disadvantages. They are usually used in public spaces, but also in homes to ensure family safety.
The CCTV system is one of the most dissuasive and adequate security systems. Thieves usually wander the area they wish to raid a few days before to ensure schedules, entrances, and exits, or if security methods exist. The presence of these cameras causes many of them to desist.
They present some faults. For example, they cannot record and show every inch of the place where they are installed, so they can not capture everything that happens in the area where they are.
These types of cameras are usually combined with spy surveillance cameras.


text:
How India's new internet regulations to change cocial media, online news and video streaming
India introduced on February 25 broad new regulations to social media, online news websites, and streaming platforms, which experts say could seriously change the way Indian citizens experience the internet.
Among other things, the IT Rules 2021 require social media platforms to deploy AI-based technology to identify sexually explicit content, trace the originator of encrypted messages, introduce a "voluntary verification system" for its users, and hire local teams to respond to both Indian users' and government's complaints about content. Regulations for platforms with more than 5 million users will be even tougher.
Meanwhile, streaming services and digital news outlets will from now on be regulated by India's Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, rather than India's Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeytY). What this means in practice is that services such as Netflix and Amazon Prime, for example, will have to comply with the same regulations as Indian television channels.
If failing to comply with the Rules, social media platforms could lose intermediary immunity, as enshrined in India's Information Technology Act of 2000, and could be prosecuted for content posted by its users. The rules also empower the government to require video streaming services to broadcast disclaimers, warning cards, and even censor content.
The new rules come in the wake of months of nationwide farmers' protests in which hundreds of people have been arrested, including for things they have posted online. In February, the Indian government made a request to Twitter to suspend accounts that had used the hashtag #ModiPlanningFarmerGenocide, with which the platform temporarily complied.
On a blog post, the Internet Freedom Foundation, an Indian digital liberties organization, has done a deep-dive into the Rules and their possible impact on Indian internet users' lives. We'll highlight below two major points of concern of the new guidelines.
End to end-to-end encryption
This is a provision that will only apply to platforms with more than 5 million users, which the Rules designate as "significant social media intermediaries."
Platforms that offer end-to-end encryption messaging such as WhatsApp and Signal must be able to identify the originator of a piece of content if required by a court order or a competent authority.
The competent authorities, as defined by the previous IT Rules of 2009, is the Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs at the central government level, or the Secretary in charge of the Home Department at the state level.
While the Rules clarify that such orders will only be issued in cases of serious offenses, some types of offenses in India are very open-ended, IFF says on its blog.
"For instance, 'public order' grounds are relatively broad in operation and can give rise to many demands," the organization states.
SSMIs must enable tracing originators of info in case of serious offences. See this graphic on why this IS an end-to-end encryption issue despite not being presented as such.
They must also deploy tech to identify sexual violence content, which leads to function creep.
7/n pic.twitter.com/Iyt86bYmy9
— Internet Freedom Foundation (IFF) (@internetfreedom) February 27, 2021
Back to the pre-internet era
A whole section of the rules deals with online news outlets and video streaming platforms. As these services will be regulated by India's Ministry of Information and Broadcast, they will come under the same set of rules that apply to offline media, such as newspapers and television.
For example, streaming services will be required to introduce age-classification labels to their content as well as an age-verification mechanism for their users (many streaming services already have such a mechanism as well as age-appropriate labels).
Both streaming services and online news will also need to abide by a Code of Ethics that is annexed to the Rules, which dictates, among other issues, that they should "exercise due caution and discretion" when depicting activities of racial and religious groups.
"This is likely to have a chilling effect on speech as it provides formal validity to the concerns which have been raised by certain groups against artistic content," IFF says.
Another major concern pointed by IFF when it comes to online news media is that the Rules do not designate a size threshold as it does with social media intermediaries. The Rules will be applicable to anything and anyone who publishes "news and current affairs content" online, as long as they have a presence in India.
"The Intermediaries Rules will arguably seek to regulate a large number of internet users that engage in producing similar content on a very small scale," IFF says.
A number of experts have said the new rules are anti-democratic and unconstitutional. Noted political scientist Christophe Jaffrelot considers the rules to be an extension of executive control over digital entities.
An official spokesman of the opposition party Indian National Congress condemned the new guidelines stating that they have been brought out without legislative discussions.
The regulations related to digital news media have been challenged by independent online portals The Wire and Newsminute in the Delhi High Court.
Delhi High Court to hear a petition challenging the new IT Rules made by the Central Government to regulate intermediaries, OTT platform and digital news media.
The Petition has been filed by @thewire_in @dhanyarajendran and @mkvenu1
@GoI_MeitY@thenewsminute #ottguidelines pic.twitter.com/epZRIth7nl
— Live Law (@LiveLawIndia) March 9, 2021
On March 11, the Digital News Publishers Association, a group with some of the largest media conglomerates in India, met with Minister of Information and Broadcasting Prakash Javadekar to discuss how they ought to be treated differently from digital news outlets as they already adhere to multiple regulations under the Cable TV Network Act and the Press Council Act.
To those wondering who the members of DNPA are:
India Today Group, Dainik Bhaskar, NDTV, Hindustan Times, Indian Express, Times of India, Amar Ujala, Dainik Jagran, Eenadu and Malayala Manorama. https://t.co/P3ACoI8IzK
— meghnad 🔗 (@Memeghnad) March 11, 2021
For now, major United States' tech companies such as Google and Twitter haven't commented on the new rules.
Article: How India's new internet regulations will change cocial media, online news and video streaming
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Dozens of homeowners are taking legal action in Auckland High Court against a manufacturer of timber cladding. Credits: Newshub.
Dozens of homeowners are taking legal action in Auckland High Court against a manufacturer of timber cladding.
They are claiming $40 million, alleging Shadowclad, made by Carter Holt Harvey, caused mouldy homes.
But lawyer Adina Thorn says it's not just about the money.
"It's about being able to restore their homes back to how they were, but it's more than that - it's about compensation for their health and safety issues."
Ms Thorn says she'd be delighted if Carter Holt Harvey wanted to talk.
"Each and every one of these owners want to have a conversation with Carter Holt Harvey and do want a solution."
The Ministry of Education filed a separate class action lawsuit against the same manufacturer in 2016.
"These homeowners have got the same problem that the Ministry of Education say they've got."


How To Divide A Studio Apartment The Most Vibrant Idea Architecture Ideas Pertaining 15 | Netmostwebdesign.com how to divide a studio apartment room. how to divide up a small studio apartment. how to divide a rental studio apartment.


text:
Glaucoma: Early Screenings Are the Best Defense
Each month, the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) recognizes one or more observances dedicated to raising awareness about important eye health topics. January is National Glaucoma Awareness Month. The month's number-one initiative is to spread awareness of the disease and encourage at-risk individuals to receive regular screenings. Since most early symptoms of the disease go unnoticed, annual screenings are the best defense to prevent glaucoma-related vision loss.
At the Dean McGee Eye Institute (DMEI), our physicians strive to provide the best glaucoma care and educate at-risk patients about the disease.
Basics of Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a subset of eye diseases that damage the eye's optic nerve. The optic nerve is the part of the eye that transfers images from the eyes to the brain. Glaucoma usually develops when there is an increase in pressure in the eye called ocular hypertension.
There are several kinds of glaucoma, but the most common is open-angle glaucoma. In open-angle glaucoma, pressure develops when the eye can't properly drain fluid. The pressure over time damages the optic nerve.
Less common, but still harmful, forms include angle-closure glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma. Both can lead to vision loss but are slightly different from open-angle. Angle-closure can have more painful symptoms in addition to vision loss, while normal tension develops without the presence of high eye pressure.
Are There Early Symptoms of Glaucoma?
Unfortunately, early symptoms of glaucoma are extremely difficult to notice without a screening. Dr. Andrew K. Bailey, a glaucoma specialist at DMEI, says the early development of glaucoma is so subtle that it's difficult to detect.
"In the early ages of disease, it's very hard for the patient to notice anything is wrong with their sight," he says.
Vision loss comes on gradually, making it hard for patients to notice a change. Vision loss starts to occur in the eye's peripheral vision, or side vision. Once vision loss occurs, it's impossible to reverse it. Without treatment, glaucoma can cause blindness.
Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma Symptoms
Angle-closure glaucoma has additional symptoms that can appear suddenly. Symptoms can include eye pain, headache, nausea, and even vomiting. When these symptoms occur, they can cause additional vision loss.
Who Is at Risk for Developing Glaucoma?
Aging is a risk factor for glaucoma. Seniors age 60 and older are more at risk than any other age group.
"Developing glaucoma becomes six times more likely after age 60," Dr. Bailey says.
Patients with diabetes or thyroid disease have a higher risk of developing the disease. Certain medications are also factors for the less common forms of glaucoma. Nasal decongestants, steroids, and bladder agents can increase the risk of acute angle-closure glaucoma.
Individuals who have a family history of glaucoma are at a higher than average risk for developing the disease. It isn't just the medical history of parents that should be considered, but extended family as well.
"If you have an aunt, uncle, brother, or sister who has glaucoma, you especially need to start early screenings," Dr. Bailey says.
Race can also increase your chance of developing eye diseases. Asians are more likely to develop angle-closure glaucoma, while African Americans are more likely to develop glaucoma overall.
At What Age Should You Start Getting Eye Screenings?
The AAO recommends that individuals should have a comprehensive eye exam at the age of 40, regardless if they are at risk or not. Based on the outcome of the exam, recommendations can be made by an ophthalmologist for how often exams or screenings are needed. At-risk individuals with a family history of the disease or patients with diabetes will need regular exams.
What can you do to avoid the effects of glaucoma? Dr. Bailey suggests empowering yourself with knowledge.
"Educate yourself about the disease and encourage at-risk family members to get regular screenings," he says.
If you're a caretaker for an older adult, help them learn about the risks and encourage them to monitor their eye health through regular screenings and checkups.
Traditional treatment options for glaucoma include medicated eye drops, medications, and surgical procedures. More recently, advances in minimally-invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) have paved the way to additional treatment options. MIGS offered at DMEI include ABiCTM and can result in reduced dependency on medications and more control of intraocular eye pressure.
ABiCTM
Ab-interno canaloplasty (ABiCTM) is a surgical procedure that can be performed early in the glaucoma disease cycle. With a small microcatheter, the eye's natural drainage system can be reopened to improve the outflow of fluid much like angioplasty helps open clogged arteries. DMEI glaucoma specialist, and 2017 Innovator of the Year winner, Dr. Mahmoud A. Khaimi, pioneered this procedure and has taught it to other physicians at DMEI, across the U.S. and around the world.
DMEI For Preventative Care
DMEI covers all aspects of eye care. From early screenings to advance treatments, our physicians offer a full spectrum of services. Take part in preserving your vision by receiving an annual screening for yourself or a loved one today!
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Samadoubt silences doubters with runaway win in Chelsmford Stakes
"Unless Winx had returned, nothing was going to run him down.''
This was jockey Tim Clark's accurate summation of Samadoubt's dazzling win in the Group 2 $250,000 Chelmsford Stakes (1600m) at Royal Randwick on Saturday.
Samadoubt proved his shock win in the Group 1 Winx Stakes two weeks ago wasn't a fluke when he led most of the way and dominated his rivals in the feature weight-for-age race.
Clark was so far in front he was even able to have a long look over his left shoulder just inside the final 100m before easing down on Samadoubt as the chestnut streaked home more than three lengths clear of his rivals.
"Amazing, he's just gone to a new level this time in,'' Clark said.
"He was a lot more comfortable today over the mile (a1600m). I was able to just cruise across (from a wide barrier) in my own time.
"It took me to the first turn to get across but I was never worried. He relaxed well and just built up underneath me nicely.
"Coming into the straight I asked him for an effort and nothing was going to run him down the way he let go.
"He's come back in terrific order and put his hand up for and turned into a weight-for-age horse. He's put a couple of top performances together now."
Samadoubt ($10) became the third horse this century after champions Winx (2017) and Lonhro (2003) to complete the Winx (formerly Warwick) Stakes-Chelmsford Stakes double, scoring by an official margin of 3¼ lengths.
Favourite Avilius ($2) raced wide without cover most of the way so his effort to claim second was still very good while Girl Tuesday ($5.50) charged home late to finish a nose away third.
Trainer Bjorn Baker described Samadoubt as "an exciting prospect which you don't often say about a six-year-old".
"The great thing about coming to the races today there was zero pressure, just come here enjoy it as win, lose or draw he's had a great preparation already,'' Baker said.
"I'm surprised we didn't get a call for the Everest after he won first up.
"But his work since his last win in the Winx Stakes has been nothing less than sensational. He's big and strong, he's never been better.
"He's not nominated for the Cox Plate, only the Caulfield Cup, but we'll probably keep him at a mile and maybe go to the George Main Stakes next.''


text:
Q: Django template and variable {% if x == "about" %} does not work How to check if x variable is == "about" string?
I try:
{% for x in p %}
    {% if x == "about" %}
        About
    {% endif %}
{% endfor %}

{{ x }} = about
but does not work (content of if is not displayed)
EDIT:
def search(request):
    if 'search' in request.GET:
        term = request.GET['search']
        if len(term) > 3:
            p = Chunk.objects.filter(Q(content__contains=term) | Q(
                key__contains=term))
            count = p.count()
            return render_to_response('search_result.html',
                {'p': p, 'count': count},
                context_instance=RequestContext(request))
    ....

Chunk is from django-chunks app
p i key from this:
class Chunk(models.Model):

    key = models.CharField(_(u'Key'), help_text=_(u"A unique name for this chunk of content"), blank=False, max_length=255, unique=True)
    content = models.TextField(_(u'Content'), blank=True)
    description = models.CharField(_(u'Description'), blank=True, max_length=64, help_text=_(u"Short Description"))

A: Try doing this:
{% for x in p %}
    {% ifequal x "about" %}
        About
    {% endifequal %}
{% endfor %}

UPDATE
p is QuerySet, so x is instance of model. You should specify the attribute containing text to compare.

A: In this case, p is an object, not a property, therefore you cannot compare the string value "about" to the object p. If p had a property, say "name", you could do:
{% if p.name == "about" %}


Typically brown or tan with various markings; the body ranges up to 3/8-inch in length, with a spherical abdomen.
This is the spider most commonly found indoors. It is more of a nuisance than a threat, probably more because of its webs than the spider itself. Indoors, house spiders are most likely to be found in upper corners, under furniture, in closets, around window frames, and in basements, garages and crawl spaces. If a web does not yield prey it is abandoned and new site selected. Eventually, successful webs are constructed where air currents bring in prey. Due to their low humidity and few insects, modern homes have fewer spider control problems than in the past. Spider control is more an issue in garages, sheds, barns and warehouses.
Regular removal of spider webs is the most effective spider control method. Homeowners should also seal up cracks around windows and door to help prevent their entry. Switch exterior lights to the yellow "bug" light bulbs, which attract fewer flying insects on which spiders feed. Professional spider control treatments, especially of exterior spider nesting sites, can help reduce the number of spiders when combined with an overall pest management program.


text:
Il Plebiscito della Carinzia del 1920 fu un referendum previsto nel primo dopoguerra dal trattato di pace di Saint-Germain e fu indetto allo scopo di stabilire la sovranità su due zone della Carinzia sudorientale, facenti parte dell'Austria ma rivendicate dal Regno dei Serbi, Croati e Sloveni. L'esito della consultazione nella Zona A garantì all'Austria la sovranità su entrambe le zone contese.

Premessa
Per secoli e prima della prima guerra mondiale, la Carinzia era stata un ducato appartenente agli Asburgo ed era confluita nei territori dell'Impero d'Austria. La popolazione della regione era costituita da una maggioranza di lingua tedesca e da una minoranza slovena; quest'ultima, concentrata nella parte sudorientale della Carinzia, risultava maggioritaria in una larga fascia al confine meridionale della regione.

La dissoluzione dell'impero austro-ungarico

Nelle ultime convulse settimane della prima guerra mondiale, quando divenne chiaro che l'Impero austro-ungarico era prossimo alla resa, le spinte centrifughe dei vari gruppi nazionali si fecero sempre più forti e da più parti vennero avanzate pretese di autodeterminazione, sul modello di quanto affermato dal presidente statunitense Wilson nel famoso discorso dei Quattordici Punti.

Il 17 ottobre 1918 l'Assemblea nazionale slovena riunita a Lubiana rivendicò l'intera Carinzia (pretesa poi ridotta a 1/3 della regione), mentre il giorno 26 successivo si costituì l'Assemblea (Landesversammlung) carinziana provvisoria, in cui i partiti germanofoni auspicarono la creazione di uno stato austriaco-tedesco indipendente. Sul modello della dichiarazione di indipendenza dello stato cecoslovacco (celebrata a Praga il giorno prima), il 29 ottobre fu proclamato lo Stato degli Sloveni, Croati e Serbi e il giorno stesso l'Assemblea nazionale slovena proclamò la riunione delle terre slovene con quest'ultimo. La resa militare dell'Austria-Ungheria alle potenze dell'Intesa seguì il 3 novembre successivo, per mezzo dell'armistizio di Villa Giusti.

Le ostilità in Carinzia
Il governo provvisorio carinziano dichiarò l'adesione alla Repubblica dell'Austria tedesca. Il 5 novembre alcune truppe del neonato Stato degli Sloveni, Croati e Serbi varcarono il confine con la Carinzia sudorientale occupando il Rosental, la valle del Gail, Ferlach e Völkermarkt a nord della Drava. Nello stesso tempo il governo provvisorio del Land spostò la propria sede nella più sicura Spittal an der Drau e il 5 dicembre successivo il reggente Arthur Lemisch, contrariamente alla volontà del governo centrale di Vienna, proclamò la resistenza armata contro ogni ulteriore avanzata delle truppe serbo-croato-slovene. La controffensiva carinziana portò alla riconquista di Arnoldstein il 5 gennaio 1919, ad un'avanzata nel Rosental e alla ripresa di Ferlach, finché il 15 gennaio le parti si trovarono a Graz per trattare un armistizio.

La Missione Miles
Il negoziato sulle clausole armistiziali giunse però allo stallo e fu in quell'occasione che il tenente colonnello Sherman Miles (membro di una missione americana a Vienna e presente come osservatore), al fine di scongiurare il fallimento delle trattative e ulteriori spargimenti di sangue, si candidò volontario per studiare in loco il territorio conteso al fine di determinare una linea di demarcazione provvisoria in attesa della conferenza di pace. Il 22 gennaio la proposta trovò il consenso delle parti e la cosiddetta "Missione Miles" - costituita da quattro statunitensi (due militari, uno slavista e un geografo) e un rappresentante di ciascuna parte - poté essere inviata in Carinzia meridionale, dove svolse le proprie indagini tra il 28 gennaio e il 5 febbraio.

In seguito alle indagini svolte e alle testimonianze raccolte la missione americana constatò con sorpresa che la maggioranza della popolazione non auspicava una divisione della regione: agli agricoltori carinziani di lingua slovena interessava di più poter smerciare i propri prodotti sulle piazze di Klagenfurt e Villaco piuttosto che riunirsi con i fratelli slavi del sud. Nella relazione conclusiva della missione, tre americani su quattro si dichiararono contrari ad una spartizione della Carinzia e proposero come linea di armistizio e di confine la linea di displuvio delle Caravanche.

I negoziati del trattato di pace
All'inizio del mese di aprile ebbero inizio i lavori preparatori del trattato di pace tra l'Austria e i paesi dell'Intesa: una speciale commissione di esperti, costituita da due rappresentanti ciascuno per gli Stati Uniti, il Regno Unito, la Francia e l'Italia, esaminò le varie proposte. La richiesta massima di Belgrado, ossia l'annessione di metà della Carinzia con l'inclusione di Hermagor, Villaco, Klagenfurt e Völkermarkt, fu subito ritenuta inaccettabile dagli americani, che proprio basandosi sul rapporto Miles perorarono l'attribuzione di tutta la regione all'Austria. Anche l'Italia appoggiò la posizione statunitense, mentre Francia e Regno Unito proposero il plebiscito come soluzione di compromesso; alla fine quest'ultima proposta trovò il consenso delle potenze vincitrici e il 12 maggio le stesse decisero che un plebiscito avrebbe dovuto aver luogo in Carinzia meridionale allo scopo di definire, secondo la volontà della popolazione, la frontiera definitiva tra le due nazioni confinanti.

Come contromossa diplomatica la delegazione jugoslava decise di ridurre le proprie pretese e propose una linea più arretrata di confine (quella che sarebbe poi stata adottata come linea di demarcazione tra la Zona A e B) a condizione che il territorio fosse assegnato al Regno Serbo-Croato-Sloveno immediatamente e senza plebiscito. La proposta trovò le potenze europee d'accordo, ma a quel punto intervenne il presidente Wilson che, citando il rapporto della Missione Miles, convinse i partner europei a far comunque svolgere il plebiscito nell'intera area contesa per non sconvolgere l'unità geografico-politica del bacino di Klagenfurt. Gli eventi precipitarono e nel tentativo di scongiurare le disposizioni del trattato per mezzo della politica del fatto compiuto, il 28 maggio il generale Rudolf Maister, governatore militare jugoslavo di Maribor, oltrepassò il confine. Nel frattempo, in seguito a nuove insistenze jugoslave presso le cancellerie europee, il 4 giugno gli alleati dell'Intesa confermarono la necessità del plebiscito ma fecero propria la linea di confine proposta da Belgrado per dividere definitivamente l'area contesa in una Zona A (a sud) e in una Zona B (a nord). Maister occupò poi Klagenfurt il 6 giugno, salvo poi doverla sgomberare il 31 luglio successivo per ordine del Consiglio Supremo degli Alleati.

Il trattato di Saint-Germain
Il 10 settembre 1919 fu infine firmato il trattato di pace di Saint-Germain, che nella sezione relativa al Regno Serbo-Croato-Sloveno (artt. 46-52) disciplinò dettagliatamente le modalità di determinazione della frontiera tra i due stati. In base all'art. 50, ai fini del plebiscito, la zona contesa fu divisa in due parti: una Zona A, di maggiore estensione e corrispondente alla fascia di confine, e una Zona B, più piccola e situata più a nord, comprendente la città di Klagenfurt. Il plebiscito sarebbe dovuto avvenire entro tre mesi dalla ratifica del trattato prima nella Zona A, e qualora gli abitanti di quest'ultima si fossero espressi a favore dell'annessione en bloc al Regno Serbo-Croato-Sloveno, un secondo plebiscito avrebbe dovuto aver luogo nella Zona B. Per quanto riguarda l'elettorato attivo, furono chiamati a votare tutti i residenti al 1º gennaio 1919, senza distinzione di sesso, aventi 20 anni compiuti, a condizione che fossero nativi della zona oppure ivi residenti almeno dal 1º gennaio 1912. Furono invece sottratte alla possibilità di referendum alcune piccole parti della Carinzia meridionale, che in base all'art. 27 dello stesso trattato l'Austria avrebbe dovuto comunque cedere al Regno d'Italia (Tarvisio e la Val Canale) e al Regno Serbo-Croato-Sloveno (Unterdrauburg e alcune valli contigue).

In attesa della consultazione, secondo le disposizioni del trattato la Zona B rimase sotto controllo austriaco, mentre la Zona A sotto quello delle truppe serbo-croato-slovene.

10 ottobre 1920: svolgimento del plebiscito
Conseguentemente alla ratifica del trattato di Saint-Germain, avvenuta il 16 luglio 1920, il plebiscito fu fissato per il 10 ottobre successivo nella Zona A, un'area di 1.705 km² in cui - stando al censimento austriaco del 1910 - su una popolazione totale di 71.800 abitanti circa 49.000 (68%) erano di lingua slovena, ed appena 22.800 di lingua tedesca.

Nonostante ciò, il 59,04% dei votanti si espressero a favore della permanenza in Austria: una parte sostanziale (circa il 40%) degli sloveni carinziani optò dunque per la continuità storico-territoriale rispetto al cambiamento in base a criteri etnico-linguistici sui quali lo Stato Serbo-Croato-Sloveno aveva invece fatto affidamento. Tale risultato fu verosimilmente il frutto di lunghi secoli di assimilazione culturale, sociale ed economica nell'area asburgica, tenendo anche conto che un eventuale cambio di sovranità avrebbe privato i comuni interessati di un centro economico di riferimento, quale era il capoluogo regionale Klagenfurt, e del maggior benessere associato alle aree di amministrazione asburgica. Ad ogni modo, all'interno della Zona A la volontà di rimanere in Austria fu più forte nei comuni posti più a nord e viceversa meno marcata nelle località più prossime alla frontiera: in totale 33 comuni votarono per l'Austria e 18 per il Regno Serbo-Croato-Sloveno.

Visto l'esito del plebiscito nella Zona A, in forza delle disposizioni del trattato di pace non si procedette alla consultazione nella Zona B. Il Regno Serbo-Croato-Sloveno non accettò inizialmente il risultato e tentò nuovamente di occupare militarmente la regione, finché dovette piegarsi di fronte all'intimazione categorica da parte della conferenza degli ambasciatori a Parigi del 16 ottobre e alle pressioni da parte britannica, francese e italiana. Il 18 novembre il commissario per il plebiscito trasferì il controllo della regione all'Austria e quattro giorni dopo venne ufficialmente ripristinata la sovranità austriaca, che non fu più messa in discussione neppure nel corso dell'occupazione jugoslava della Carinzia nel secondo dopoguerra.

Note

Altri progetti

Storia dell'Austria
Carinzia
Storia della Jugoslavia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Smallmouth bass have certain kinds of meals they love however one in every of their favorites is crawdads which hide within the rocky areas the smallmouth bass spawns in. If you like to make use of natural baits crawdads, minnows, hellgrammites, and dragonfly larvae are nice to use.
The TRACKER® Pro 160 is a flexible all-welded aluminum fishing boat that's loaded with all the options you and your family need to go straight from the vendor to the lake. TRACKER® aluminum fishing boats are #1, main the industry in solid build high quality and progressive fishing features.
Minnow or crayfish imitating jigs together with jerk baits or lipless crankbaits work effectively this time of 12 months. These can simply be fished in deep water and immediately mimic a wounded or falling baitfish. All indications from the research point out that the bass do not leave the area and go to deep water however, somewhat, they simply go deeper into the prevailing cowl and turn out to be very inactive.


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text:
Justia › US Law › Case Law › Federal Courts › District Courts › Pennsylvania › Eastern District of Pennsylvania › 1976 › Local 30, United Slate, Tile, Etc. v. NLRB
Local 30, United Slate, Tile, Etc. v. NLRB, 408 F. Supp. 520 (E.D. Pa. 1976)
US District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania - 408 F. Supp. 520 (E.D. Pa. 1976)
408 F. Supp. 520 (1976)
LOCAL 30, UNITED SLATE, TILE AND COMPOSITION ROOFERS, DAMP AND WATERPROOF WORKERS ASSOCIATION, AFL-CIO
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD and Peter W. Hirsch, Regional Director National Labor Relations Board, Fourth Region.
Civ. A. No. 76-184.
United States District Court, E. D. Pennsylvania.
*521 Richard B. Sigmond, Philadelphia, Pa., for plaintiff.
Jeffrey C. Falkin, Barry R. Elson, N.L. R.B., Philadelphia, Pa., for defendant.
SUR PLEADINGS AND PROOF
LUONGO, District Judge.
This is a suit under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), 5 U.S.C. § 552 et seq., in which plaintiff Union seeks disclosure by defendants of affidavits which formed the basis for unfair labor charges brought by defendants against Union. The charges were scheduled to be tried before the NLRB on February 4, 1976. The instant suit was instituted on January 26, 1976. Union sought a preliminary injunction requiring defendants to turn over the affidavits prior to the scheduled NLRB hearing, and further, sought to enjoin that hearing until a reasonable time after such disclosure. The motion for preliminary injunction was scheduled to be heard before me on January 31, 1976. Prior to that date Union applied to the NLRB for postponement of the Board hearing. The request was granted and the hearing was postponed from February 4, 1976 to March 8, 1976. At the request of the parties, hearing on the preliminary injunction motion was postponed from January 31 to February 6, 1976, to enable the parties to consider whether to submit the motion as on final hearing. On February 6, 1976, the parties submitted a Stipulation of Facts, together with a group of joint exhibits and requested that the matter be disposed of as promptly as possible, each side moving for summary judgment. At my suggestion the parties amended their request, and asked to have the matter heard as a trial on the merits. The parties asked for an early decision in order that appeal could be filed before the date of the postponed hearing before the Board.
The facts, as stipulated by the parties, are:
1. Jurisdiction of this Court is properly invoked by virtue of the provisions contained in the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. § 552(a) (4).
2. Plaintiff herein is Local 30, United Slate, Tile and Composition Roofers, Damp and Waterproof Workers Association, AFL-CIO, an unincorporated labor organization within the meaning of the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947, as amended, 29 U.S.C. § 185 et seq., with its principal offices located at 6447 Torresdale Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19135.
3. The defendant is the National Labor Relations Board, an agency of the United States Government, designated by Congress, inter alia, to administer and enforce the provisions contained in the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947, as amended, 29 U.S.C. §§ 158, 159, etc. The Board has its principal offices at 1717 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W., Washington, D. C. 20570, but maintains a Regional Office located at 4400 William J. Green, Jr. Federal Building, 600 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106.
4. The defendant is Peter W. Hirsch, who is the Regional Director of Region IV of the National Labor Relations Board, with its principal offices located in the William J. Green, Jr. Federal Building, 600 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106. Mr. Hirsch is the chief administrative officer of the Board's Fourth Region and, inter alia, functions as the local agent of the General Counsel for the National Labor Relations Board.
5. On or about May 16, 1973, an unfair labor practice charge was filed with Region IV of the National Labor Relations Board, and docketed as Case No. 4-CB-2127.
6. By order dated July 18, 1974, General Counsel of the National Labor Relations Board transferred to Region IV of *522 the Board that portion of the charge (now known as Case No. 4-CB-2281), containing allegations against the plaintiff and plaintiff's International Association.
7. Beginning with the period in or about May 16, 1973 and continuing to the present date, agents of the National Labor Relations Board, and specifically agents assigned to Region IV, engaged in an investigation of the charges against plaintiff; and in the process thereof, have obtained Affidavits in the course of investigation of the aforesaid charges.
8. On December 11, 1974, the defendant Peter W. Hirsch, acting for and on behalf of the National Labor Relations Board, issued a Complaint against plaintiff, charging plaintiff with having violated § 8(b) (1) (A) of the National Labor Relations Act. The issuance of this Complaint, and the factual allegations in support thereof, were based upon allegations of fact disclosed to the Board during the course of its investigation.
9. On or about December 27, 1974, an unfair labor practice charge was filed with Region IV of the National Labor Relations Board and docketed as Case No. 4-CB-2392.
10. Beginning with the period in or about December 27, 1974 and continuing to the present date; agents of the National Labor Relations Board, and specifically agents assigned to Region IV, engaged in an investigation of the charges against plaintiff; and in the process thereof, have obtained affidavits in the course of investigation of the aforesaid charge.
11. On September 30, 1975, the defendant Peter W. Hirsch, acting for and on behalf of the National Labor Relations Board, issued a Complaint against plaintiff, charging plaintiff with having violated § 8(b) (1) (A) of the National Labor Relations Act. The issuance of this Complaint, and the factual allegations in support thereof, were based upon allegations of fact disclosed to the Board during the course of its investigation.
12. On or about November 21, 1975, amended unfair labor practice charges in Case Nos. 4-CB-2127 and 2281 were filed with Region IV of the National Labor Relations Board.
13. Beginning with the period in or about November 21, 1975 and continuing to the present date, agents of the National Labor Relations Board, and specifically agents assigned to Region IV, engaged in an investigation of the charges against plaintiff; and in the process thereof, have obtained affidavits in the course of investigation of the aforesaid charges.
14. On January 20, 1976, the Acting Regional Director of Region IV issued an Amended Complaint against plaintiff, et al., consolidating cases 4-CB-2127, 4-CB-2281 and 4-CB-2392, adding additional allegations against plaintiff, and scheduling trial on the merits for February 4, 1976.
15. By letter dated November 25, 1975, counsel for the plaintiff, Bernard N. Katz, Esquire, made demand upon the defendants, pursuant to the provisions contained in the Freedom of Information Act, for all affidavits which the Region presently had in its file and which related to the above-noted litigation. Plaintiff duly offered to bear any expense in the reproduction of such documents.
16. By letter dated December 9, 1975, the defendant, Peter W. Hirsch, responded to Mr. Katz' letter by denying to produce for plaintiff's inspection and copying any affidavits obtained by the Board during its investigation of the charges.
17. By letter dated December 22, 1975, and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the National Labor Relations Board, plaintiff appealed the Regional Director's decision to General Counsel for the National Labor Relations Board.
18. On January 22, 1976, subsequent to the date of the filing of the instant Motion, General Counsel for the National Labor Relations Board denied plaintiff's appeal.
*523 19. Plaintiff has exhausted all available avenues under existing Board rules and regulations in its effort to obtain copies of the aforenoted affidavits given to Board Agents in support of the charges against plaintiff.
20. Most, if not all, of the individuals who gave affidavits to the Board Agents will be called as witnesses on behalf of the Board at the trial scheduled for February 4, 1976.[*]
21. In its preparation for the February 4, 1976[*] trial, the Board has substantially relied on the information contained in the affidavits and such information acted as the basis for the allegations contained in the Complaint issued against plaintiff.
The joint exhibits submitted as part of the record on final hearing include the exchange of correspondence through which Union exhausted its administrative remedies for seeking to obtain disclosure (Joint Exhibits 1-4), and the complaints and amended complaints dated December 11, 1974, September 30, 1975, and January 20 and 29, 1976, charging unfair labor practices (Joint Exhibits 5-9). The charging party in the complaints was Associated Builders and Contractors, Inc., which alleged that agents and representatives of Local 30 committed unfair labor practices on various dates in March and April 1973, on various dates in December 1974, and on or about November 12, 1975. The acts and practices complained of (see Amended Consolidated Complaint Joint Exhibit 8) included mass picketing; preventing employees from entering work sites; assaulting persons; damaging or destroying materials, property and equipment; chasing and pursuing employees from work sites; and threats to do bodily injury. The affidavits sought by plaintiff were obtained in the course of the investigation. Following investigation of the charging party's allegations, the complaints and amended complaints were filed.
In addition to the Stipulation of Facts and the joint exhibits, I requested, following the hearing, that defendants submit the affidavits to me for in camera inspection. Plaintiff Union interposed no objection to the request, indeed endorsed it, and the affidavits have been received and reviewed.
It would be helpful, at the very outset, to state some applicable principles which will make this case more understandable and put it in proper perspective.
The problem arises because the NLRB's procedures permit pretrial discovery only on a showing of "good cause." 29 C.F.R. § 102.30. The NLRB's procedures have been held to be constitutional and not violative of due process. NLRB v. Interboro Contractors, Inc., 432 F.2d 854, 857-58 (2d Cir. 1970), cert. denied, 402 U.S. 915, 91 S. Ct. 1375, 28 L. Ed. 2d 661 (1971); NLRB v. Vapor Blast Manufacturing Co., 287 F.2d 402 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 368 U.S. 823, 82 S. Ct. 42, 7 L. Ed. 2d 28 (1961). The district courts do not have jurisdiction to review decisions of the NLRB; that is the province of the Courts of Appeals. 29 U.S.C. § 160(e) and (f). See Myers v. Bethlehem Shipbuilding Co., 303 U.S. 41, 48-49, 58 S. Ct. 459, 82 L. Ed. 638 (1938); Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. NLRB, 433 F.2d 210 (6th Cir. 1970).
The Freedom of Information Act generally makes available to the public, upon compliance with specified procedures, records of all government agencies. The Act contains enumerated exceptions set forth in § 552(b). In the event of failure of an agency to comply with a request for disclosure, the district courts are given jurisdiction to enjoin withholding. 5 U.S.C. § 552(a) (4) (B) provides:
"(B) On complaint, the district court of the United States in the district in which the complainant resides, or has his principal place of business, or in which the agency records are situated, *524 or in the District of Columbia, has jurisdiction to enjoin the agency from withholding agency records and to order the production of any agency records improperly withheld from the complainant. In such a case the court shall determine the matter de novo, and may examine the contents of such agency records in camera to determine whether such records or any part thereof shall be withheld under any of the exemptions set forth in subsection (b) of this section, and the burden is on the agency to sustain its action."
The Freedom of Information Act is not a discovery tool. NLRB v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 421 U.S. 132, 143 n. 10, 95 S. Ct. 1504, 1512, 44 L. Ed. 2d 29, 42 (1975); Williams v. Internal Revenue Service, 345 F. Supp. 591, 594 (D.Del. 1972), aff'd, 479 F.2d 317 (3d Cir. 1973). It was enacted to inform the public about agency action, and a person's rights under the Act are neither increased nor decreased by the fact that he is a litigant before the agency from which he seeks information. Renegotiation Board v. Bannercraft Clothing Co., 415 U.S. 1, 24, 94 S. Ct. 1028, 39 L. Ed. 2d 123 (1974); EPA v. Mink, 410 U.S. 73, 79, 92, 93 S. Ct. 827, 35 L. Ed. 2d 119 (1973).
At issue here is whether the affidavits sought fall within any of the enumerated exceptions to the Act. Defendants claim the right to withhold under Exemptions 5, 7(A), 7(C), and 7(D). Section 552(b) (Supp.1976) of the Act, as amended in 1974, provides in pertinent part:
"(b) This section does not apply to matters that are
(5) inter-agency or intra-agency memorandums or letters which would not be available by law to a party other than an agency in litigation with the agency;
(7) investigatory records compiled for law enforcement purposes, but only to the extent that the production of such records would (A) interfere with enforcement proceedings, . . (C) constitute an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy, (D) disclose the identity of a confidential source . . .."
Defendants have asserted each of the above exemptions, but rely primarily on Exemption 7(A). The dispute as to the availability of Exemption 7 stems from the 1974 amendment. Prior to 1974, the Exemption applied to
"investigatory files compiled for law enforcement purposes except to the extent available by law to a party other than an agency."
A series of court decisions, particularly in the District of Columbia Circuit[1] interpreted that Exemption so broadly as to deny access to information in agency files simply because they were denominated investigatory, and extended the exemption to include files on closed matters as well as to files relating to matters as to which agency proceedings were neither pending nor contemplated. This led to the adoption in 1974 of the Amendment hereinabove quoted.
It is plaintiff's contention that the Amendment imposes upon the agency the burden to produce evidence that the information sought falls within one of the exempt categories, and that defendants here have failed to carry that burden. Plaintiff Union cites several district court opinions as supporting its contention: Title Guarantee Co. v. NLRB, 407 F. Supp. 498, 90 LRRM 2849 (S.D. N.Y.1975); Deering Milliken, Inc. v. Nash, 90 LRRM 3138 (D.C.S.C. Nov. 12, 1975); Cessna Aircraft Co. v. NLRB, 405 F. Supp. 1042, 90 LRRM 3339 (D.C.Kan. Dec. 2, 1975); Hardeman Garment Corp. v. NLRB, 91 LRRM 2055 (D.C.Tenn. Nov. 25, 1975); and Kaminer v. NLRB, *525 90 LRRM 3338 (D.C.Mass. Sept. 23, 1975).
None of the cases cited by plaintiff Union offers persuasive precedent as to the matter before me.
In Title Guarantee, the unfair labor charge levelled against the employer was refusal to bargain with the Union. The employer, Title Guarantee, sought the production of all written statements and reports of interviews of witnesses offered by the charging party, Union. The Board denied the requests citing Exemptions 5, and 7(A), (C) and (D). The court concluded that Exemption 5 was not applicable since it does not cover statements of witnesses; that 7(C), invasion of privacy, did not extend to include the "right to select the people to whom . . . (one) will communicate his ideas," as contended by the Board; and that as to 7(D), confidential source, there was no evidence that the material sought was elicited after an express assurance of confidentiality. As to the 7(A) claim, interference with the enforcement proceedings, after an in camera inspection of the material in question, the court concluded that the claim could not be sustained on the general contention that disclosure would interfere with enforcement proceedings by cutting off information from members of the public who would be reluctant to volunteer information if they knew that their names or the information would be revealed.
Deering Milliken involved back pay proceedings following a finding of an unfair labor practice in closing a plant. The sole issue before the Board was the loss of earnings and other expenses incurred by the employees as a result of the unlawful plant closing. A sample of the voluminous documents was submitted to the court for in camera inspection. The court upheld the 7(C), invasion of privacy, exemption for a number of the documents because of the personal nature of the information, but rejected the 7(D), confidential source, claim because it has not been shown that the information was elicited with an assurance of confidentiality, and finally, rejected the 7(A) claim, concluding that there had not been, and could not be, any showing that disclosure of the documents would harm or interfere with the back pay proceeding. The court there emphasized that the sole issue was the accuracy of the Board computations of the actual losses of the discriminatees and that disclosure could only help the Board in making accurate computations.
Neither Cessna nor Hardeman Garment Corp. reveals the nature of the unfair labor practice charge against the respective employers. In Cessna the court simply stated that in camera review of the statements of the two witnesses revealed that they were not exempt under 7(A), (C), or (D). In Hardeman Garment the court stated only that the Board had not shown that it would be harmed by disclosure of the affidavits. The court ordered the affidavits produced for in camera inspection, indicating that it would afford to the Board, after the court had conducted such inspection, the opportunity to set forth the specific harm that would result from disclosure.
Finally, Kaminer holds only that if a 7(D) claim of confidential source is sustained, segregable portions may be ordered disclosed after deletions of exempt material.
Plaintiff Union argues that the above cited cases support its view that the 1974 amendment has caused a complete turnabout in the availability of material contained in investigatory files. Whereas, prior to the amendment, agencies were permitted to withhold everything in a file labelled "investigatory," it contends that following the amendment "the burden is now on the Agency to produce evidence justifying an exemption" and the Act now "places an affirmative burden on the Board to prove, by hard evidence, that disclosure will interfere with enforcement proceedings." (pp. 7-8 Plaintiff's Memorandum. Emphasis in original.)
Defendants take the position that the amendment did not effect a radical departure from prior law, that the legislative history reveals the intention only to *526 correct the abuses of a few court rulings extending the exemption to files in which there were no charges either pending or contemplated. (See 120 Cong.Rec.S. 9329-31 (Daily ed. May 30, 1974)) The Agency contends that with respect to open cases, the seventh exemption is fully applicable without a specific showing of harm, that the object of 7(A) is to prevent premature discovery in an enforcement proceeding.
The Agency cites Climax Molybdenum Co. v. NLRB, 407 F. Supp. 208, 90 LRRM 3120 (D.Colo., 1975), and Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. NLRB, 407 F. Supp. 1124, C.A. No. 76-79 (W.D.Pa., Jan. 28, 1976), as supporting its contention that it need show nothing more than that proceedings are pending in order to render contents of an investigatory file exempt under 7(A). It is difficult to tell from the cryptic opinion in Climax, upon which Mylan heavily relied, whether the court there intended to go that far. For reasons which will hereafter appear, it is not necessary for me to decide whether the Agency carries its burden simply by showing that proceedings are pending.
I do not consider it necessary to go into an extended discussion, as several courts have done,[2] of the legislative history of the 1974 amendment and the extent to which the amendment changed Exemption 7. In the factual setting of this case, the Agency has established to my satisfaction that revealing the information sought would interfere with enforcement proceedings within the meaning of 7(A).
As noted above, in the cases on which plaintiff Union relies, either (1) the court's opinion was silent as to the nature of the unfair labor charges, or (2) the charges were such that pretrial revelation would clearly not harm or interfere with the enforcement proceedings, or (3) the court, after in camera inspection of statements relating to unspecified charges, concluded that the statements did not come within any of the claimed exemptions.
In contrast, the record before me reflects charges of numerous and repeated acts of violence allegedly committed by agents and representatives of Union over a period of time extending from March 1973 to November 1975 at several work sites. In camera inspection of the affidavits in the investigatory file reveals that they relate to the specific charges contained in the complaints against Union, namely destruction of material, property and equipment; assaults on various persons; threats of bodily harm; preventing persons from entering work sites; chasing and pursuing persons from work sites, etc. It is fair to infer, and I do so, that to reveal affidavits containing such information in advance of hearing creates a substantial danger that such witnesses may be intimidated, or that they may be otherwise caused to become reluctant to testify. I conclude, therefore, that the Agency has carried the burden to establish that the affidavits sought are part of an investigatory file, and that production would interfere with pending enforcement proceedings and accordingly, the affidavits are exempt under § 552(b) (7) (A).
Under the Board's procedures, the affidavit of any person who testifies will be made available to plaintiff after the witness has given his testimony on direct examination.[3] NLRB Rules & Regulations, 29 C.F.R. § 102.118(b). See Manbeck Banking Co., 130 NLRB 1186, 1189-90 (1961). It has been stipulated that most, if not all, of the affidavits sought were given by persons who will be called to testify at the hearing. Once the witness has testified, disclosure of the affidavit will no longer have the potential to interfere with that hearing, or to prejudice the NLRB's ability to gather affidavits for other proceedings. The justification *527 for the Board's withholding of the affidavits will at that time disappear. But the fact that the plaintiff will receive, and will be entitled to receive, the affidavits after the witnesses have testified is not the basis for my decision: I am not ruling that the Agency's eventual disclosure of the affidavits makes the present withholding permissible under the FOIA; I am simply ruling that the affidavits are excluded from the FOIA under § 552(b) (7) (A) because disclosure would interfere with pending enforcement proceedings.
Since I have upheld the exemption under 7(A) it is not necessary to discuss the other claimed bases of exemption. Nevertheless, I note that I am in general agreement with those cases holding that Exemption 5 was not designed for factual matters, but rather for inter or intra agency memoranda expressing opinions. See EPA v. Mink, 410 U.S. 73, 89, 93 S. Ct. 827, 35 L. Ed. 2d 119 (1973); Soucie v. David, 145 U.S.App. D.C. 144, 448 F.2d 1067, 1077 (1971); Title Guarantee Co. v. NLRB, 407 F. Supp. 498, 90 LRRM 2849, 2851 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 10, 1975). As to Exemption 7(C) and 7(D), I agree also with those rulings limiting the right of privacy claim to personal matters, and limiting the 7(D) claim to those cases in which information was elicited after an express assurance of confidentiality. My in camera inspection of the affidavits reveals no basis for exemption under either 7(C) or 7(D).
The foregoing shall constitute findings of fact and conclusions of law to the extent required under Rule 52(a).
This 11th day of February, 1976, it is
Ordered that Judgment be and is hereby entered in favor of defendants, National Labor Relations Board and Peter W. Hirsch, Regional Director, National Labor Relations Board, Fourth Region.
[*] Continued to March 8, 1976.
[1] See, e.g., Center for National Policy Review v. Weinberger, 163 U.S.App.D.C. 368, 502 F.2d 370 (1974); Weisberg v. Dept. of Justice, 160 U.S.App.D.C. 71, 489 F.2d 1195 (1973), cert. denied, 416 U.S. 993, 94 S. Ct. 2405, 40 L. Ed. 2d 772 (1974).
[2] See, e.g., Deering Milliken, Inc. v. Nash, 90 LRRM 3138 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 12, 1975); Title Guarantee Co. v. NLRB, 407 F. Supp. 498, 90 LRRM 2849 (S.D.N.Y.1975).
[3] Similar to the rule obtaining in criminal cases under the Jencks Act, 18 U.S.C. § 3500.


This article describes the masters in autism spectrum disorder degree program, some of the subject matters and courses it delves into, and why completing this degree could be a great way to advance your career. It also highlights one online masters in autism program that you may want to consider.
What Is a Masters in Autism?
There are a number of graduate degrees that focus specifically on the autism spectrum. These degrees prepare students to psychologically, socially, medically, or educationally help people with an autism diagnosis. It is common for graduates to become employed in education, helping those with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) obtain the best possible academic attainment. For some positions, certification is necessary, such as that of the Behavioral Analyst Certification Board, or they may require a teaching license. Non-licensed individuals may find work in educational consulting, or non-licensed therapy.
Generally, it takes two years to complete such a program, often including a student-teaching experience. While all schools can set their own admission requirements, a bachelor's degree in a field, such as special education, education, or psychology is usually required. Sometimes, professional experience is also required.
Why Earn a Masters in Autism?
By completing a masters in autism, you may become certified as a teacher. Licensure requirements are different depending on the state in which you work. All states, however, require licensure for special education teachers. Others can choose to become BCBA certified. This requires the completion of a certain number of credit hours, as well as a supervised working experience and passing the BCBA certification exam. A masters in autism, whether it focuses on teaching or on applied behavioral analysis, enables graduates to help those with autism achieve the highest possible quality of life.
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has reported that special education teachers had a median salary of $57,910 per year as of May 2016. However, this is at the bachelor's degree level. Those with the advanced skills and knowledge of a master's degree are more likely to find themselves in the top 10% of earners, who can get $93,090 per year or more. The BLS has also reported that there will be a 6% increase in demand for these professionals from 2014 to 2024, which is as fast as the national average and will translate into some 28,100 new jobs.
If you are interested in obtaining a masters in autism, you may want to consider the Master of Education in Curriculum and Instruction for Autism Spectrum Disorders, offered by the Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College at Arizona State University (ASU). This degree, which is available 100% online, equips students with the specialized knowledge and skills to work compassionately and effectively with people with autism, from childhood to adulthood. A total of 30 credit hours are required for completion of the degree.
ASU has developed the degree program in response to the rise in number of people diagnosed with autism. This has led to a greater public demand for those who have professional awareness of the needs and issues faced by those with ASD, as well as their families and the various service providers. Graduates of such programs are respected for their advanced skills in being able to provide professional services for these individuals, while also being compassionate and caring. Graduates work with family members, behavior analysts, speech pathologists, psychologists, interventionists, educators, and more.
The degree includes a practicum experience, which ASU designed to be in line with the personal abilities and interests of the students. The complete the degree, students must present a portfolio that demonstrates synthesis and analysis of the material they learned as part of their degree. Furthermore, they must demonstrate that they have competency in at least six of the autism standards as set by the Council for Exceptional Children.
It should be noted, however, that the degree does not prepare students to become BCBA-certified. Those who are interested in that particular certification are encouraged to complete the Master's in Curriculum and Instruction for Applied Behavior Analysis, which ASU also offers. Alternatively, students can complete the graduate certificate in applied behavior analysis, which the school also offers.
That undergraduate students from Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College have a 92.5% employability rate after graduation.
That the 2018 U.S. News and World Report has ranked the Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College as 11th best graduate college of education, public and private. They have also ranked it 4th best college among public universities.
To complete the degree, students must take part in three credit hours as part of the required core. They also have to complete 18 credit hours in their concentration, as well as three credit hours in elective courses. Three other credit hours are dedicated to the practicum experience. The final three credit hours are dedicated to the capstone project.
As you can see, completing a masters in autism opens up a wealth of career doors for you in a variety of different areas. You can choose to complete teaching licensure or BCBA certification to further advance your career. Finally, you can take a great deal of personal satisfaction in the fact that you will be able to make a meaningful difference in the lives of those with ASD.


Thomas Fluharty has always been an artist. Drawing and painting came naturally to him from an early age, drawing his way through Math class or in the car on the way to Little League, or during breakfast.
At the prodding of a tenth grade art teacher, he applied for a commercial art vocational school for his junior and senior year and was accepted. There he was exposed to artists like Maxfield Parrish, Bernie Fuchs, and Bob Peak. He was hooked, and becoming an illustrator became the main pursuit of his life.
At graduation he was accepted into the Art Institute of Pittsburgh, majoring in illustration, and then graduated and was offered a job in New York City's premier illustration studio, Gem Studio, where he was trained under Ken Bald of Dr. Kildare and Dark Shadows fame for thirteen years.
Tom has furthered his studies at the Art Students League and at The School of Visual Arts. About twelve years ago he was classically trained in the Dutch and Flemish techniques studying with Jeff Hurinenko and the great Joe Paquet.
His work has been featured on covers for Mad magazine, Der Spiegel, and Time Magazine, who gave the cover to the National Portrait Gallery's permanent collection. His work is notably featured for The Weekly Standard, for whom he has painted over 100 covers. Other clients have included People Magazine, Entertainment Weekly, Sports Illustrated, The Village Voice, Coca-Cola, and the New York Times.
Fluharty's work has received national recognition from the Society of Illustrators in New York and Los Angeles and Communication Arts Illustration annuals. He won a gold medal from Spectrum Fantastical Art for his depiction of Hillary Clinton, and a bronze medal for the cover painting of Max Lucado's book, The Boy and the Ocean for 3x3 Magazine of Contemporary Illustration under his children's book alias T. Lively Fluharty.
His work is also in the personal collections of Astronaut and Senator John Glenn, Pat Boone, Naomi Judd, the late movie director Robert Altman.
Fluharty loves working with students all over the world teaching online with Schoolism.com where he teaches drawing and painting.
He is happily married to the love of his life Kristi, has five amazing daughters, and two crazy dogs, Cash and Biddy.


Please note this facility is due close May 2019. Whilst referrals are still being accepted here, you can access services at the other treatment facilities BMI Albyn, Spire Murrayfield, Spire Shawfair Park and Nuffield Health Glasgow if you prefer.
BMI Fernbrae Hospital has one operating theatre with laminar flow ultra clean air system, a comprehensive diagnostic imaging department offering x-ray, ultrasound and MRI, a full physiotherapy suite including sports injury clinic, endoscopy room with on-site decontamination, seven consulting rooms, a minor treatment room and on-site pharmacy.
The hospital has 14 private rooms across two wards with ensuite facilities, TV, telephone and wifi.
Free parking at the hospital. There is also a pharmacy on site.
Ramped access to front and rear of the building. Disabled access toilet. Chair lifts and standard lifts available to access all areas.


For years I've been torn between many different computer-based recording solutions, both lightweight/economical and extensive/expensive. Until now, most software solutions have managed to cover all the basics of recording pretty well, often with one outstanding feature, like Ableton's clip view or Logic's bundled synths. Finally, one program seems to have combined everything a producer could want into a single piece of software: the latest incarnation of Propellerhead's Reason.
At its core, Reason has been designed as a virtual studio hardware rack, just like the physical racks you'd find in a recording studio. Reason can take complex streams of audio and MIDI information and modify that data in exactly the manner you'd expect from your physical rack. Reason comes stocked with an extensive array of its own devices, such as the MClass Equalizer, Stereo Imager, Compressor, and Maximizer; RV7000 Advanced Reverb; DDL-1 Digital Delay Line; and many, many more. Reason also has a magnificent selection of MIDI devices and instruments, like the Subtractor Analog Synthesizer, NN-19 Digital Sampler, the Dr. Octo REX Loop Player, and the Kong Drum Designer. One of my favorite parts about the virtual rack is that you can flip your view around to the rear of the rack and see a visual representation of the audio's signal flow as a multitude of patch cables. Any of these cables can be plugged and unplugged just like they would be on a hardware rack, so managing ins and outs is simple and intuitive.
Reason 6, the latest release to hit the market, adds four new exciting devices to the Reason arsenal: The Echo Delay, Alligator Filtered Gate, Pulverizer Demolition, and Neptune Pitch/Voice Synth. The Echo is a fascinating new stereo echo device modeled on old analog tape delay machines. The Alligator is a really cool "trance gate," which takes your audio signal and puts it through three different gated filters to add rhythmic flair to your synth or drum sounds. The Pulverizer module combines compression, drive, filtering, and an envelope follower all into one unit. It sounds like an odd assortment of devices to smash together, but I can definitely see the Pulverizer being used for anything from dubstep to heavy metal. Finally, the Neptune module acts as both a vocoder and pitch adjustment tool, finally allowing Reason users the Phil Collins and/or T-Pain sounds they've always wanted.
All past releases of Reason have been limited strictly to the virtual rack functionality, and while it is possible to program a song into the built-in sequencer, true recording has never really been an option. Instead, Reason originally offered ReWire, which allowed users to exchange inputs and outputs between Reason and their favorite recording software. That functionality was truly a boon to all musicians and producers, because it allowed the augmentation of simple DAWs with a massively powerful instrument and effect rack. With the release of Reason 5, Propellerhead also launched the Record software, designed to be used in conjunction with Reason to serve as a complete software production and recording package. With Reason 6, Propellerhead has done away with their Record software altogether and included the full Record functionality in Reason itself, making an already groundbreaking software even more feature-packed, and finally allowing users the ability to take the masterpieces they've created in Reason and record them without the need for yet another expensive piece of software.
With the ability to create or sample almost any sound you might desire and then capture that audio on the spot without needing to open (let alone purchase) another program, Reason 6 is a truly compelling all-in-one software package that simply must not be overlooked.
Stay tuned for future articles where we'll take a more in-depth look at all of Reason 6's most exciting new features.