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The effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques on trunk control in hemiplegic subjects: A pre post design
Jeba Chitra, Diker Dev Joshi
July-December 2017, 11(2):40-44
DOI:10.4103/PJIAP.PJIAP_12_17
BACKGROUND: Impaired trunk control is common in most of the hemiplegic patients during subacute stage that interferes with daily activities and worsens quality of life (QOL) of patients. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques on trunk control and QOL in subjects with hemiplegia. DESIGN: This was a pre-post design. SETTING: The study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Belagavi. PATIENTS: Totally, 16 hemiplegic patients were recruited between the age group 18–65 years having trunk control test score ≥50 and were given PNF techniques. INTERVENTION: PNF techniques for 45 min, three times in a week for 4 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Patients were assessed at baseline using Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) and Stroke Specific-QOL (SS-QOL) and reassessed after 12 sessions. RESULTS: Statistical analysis was done using paired t-test. PNF showed significant results (P < 0.05) for both outcomes, i.e., TIS and SS-QOL scale. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that PNF techniques are beneficial in improving trunk control and QOL in hemiplegic population. Hence, this costless technique, which does not require any equipment, can be regularly incorporated to all hemiplegic patients in any setup or at home.
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Comparison of effectiveness of kinesio taping with nonelastic taping and no taping in players with acute shin splints
Urvashi Sharma, Akhoury Gourang Kumar Sinha
January-June 2017, 11(1):21-29
DOI:10.4103/PJIAP.PJIAP_4_17
Background: Kinesio taping (KT) has emerged as a popular treatment for several health conditions. It is suggested that application of K-tape may prove beneficial in relieving symptoms of shin splints. Objective: The aim of this pilot study was to gather preliminary evidence about the effectiveness of KT in shin splints. Methodology: This prospective case–control study was conducted for 3 days on thirty active sports persons afflicted with shin splints (M = 22, F = 8; mean age 19 ± 2.59; duration of symptoms 48.16 ± 13.42 days) assigned randomly into three equal groups. The intervention in control group consisted of 10 min of ice massage followed by 10 min of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. In KT group, Y-strip K-tape was applied to the lower leg using the technique described by Griebert et al. that had shown a reduction in medial loading in medial tibial stress syndrome. In rigid tape (RT) group, white nonelastic adhesive tape cut into a Y-shape similar to KT strip was applied. Outcome measures were duration of 50 m sprint, volume of limb, and pain response at rest, during resisted isometric contraction (RIC) of select muscles, and after completion of 50 m sprint. Two ways repeated measure ANOVA with time as the repeated factor was conducted for each outcome measure with level of significance set at 0.05. Results: Between the group difference for age (F = 0.35, P = 0.70) and duration of symptom (F = 0.40, P = 0.67) were not significant. The day-by-group interaction was not significant for any outcome measure. For the patient-reported parameters, i.e., pain at rest, pain at RIC, and pain at 50 m sprint, the main effects were significant (P ≤ 0.05) for time but not for groups. Conclusion: Any benefits of KT over and above RT and control group were not observed in active players presenting with symptoms of shin splints.
Physiotherapy - The state of the profession in India: An analysis
Kavitha Raja
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7,858 1,143 2
Musculoskeletal disorders as a public health concern in India: A call for action
Sandul Yasobant, Satyajit Mohanty
CONTEMPORARY REPORT
Guidelines of physiotherapy management in acute care of COVID-19 at dedicated COVID center in Mumbai
Chhaya V Verma, Rachna D Arora, Jaimala V Shetye, Niteen D Karnik, Pranali C Patil, Hetal M Mistry, Swati V Kubal, Nandini S Kolwankar, Anushka A Dalvi, Sonal A Vichare, Unnati D Desai, Seema H Kini, Mohan A Joshi
Coronavirus disease also referred to as COVID-19 is an infectious disease which is highly communicable. The World Health Organization has declared the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. In India, Maharashtra is one of the worst impacted states and Mumbai has emerged as a hotspot. There is a nationwide lockdown imposed, and there are several containment zones in Mumbai to make sure that the virus does not spread any further. With increase in the number of admissions in intensive care unit, there is a need to define the role of a physiotherapist in the current scenario of a pandemic. The aim of this article is to provide guidelines for clinical practice, as well as to safeguard the health of COVID duty-assigned physiotherapists in acute care setup.
Reliability and validity of modified western ontario and mcmaster universities osteoarthritis index gujarati version in participants with knee osteoarthritis
Ratan P Khuman, Dhara Chavda, Lourembam Surbala, Urmi Bhatt
January-June 2018, 12(1):8-15
BACKGROUND: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) is the most widely used condition-specific self-reported multidimensional instrument for the assessment of hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA). OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to translate and to investigate the reliability and validity of modified WOMAC (mWOMAC) Gujarati version in participants with knee OA. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: The Indian version mWOMAC English questionnaire was translated into Gujarati with forward and backward method, and its psychometric properties were analyzed on 230 Gujarati-speaking participants with knee OA (mean age = 58.4 years). The visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and handheld dynamometer (HHD) for isometric quadriceps strength along with mWOMAC was recorded twice within 2 days, and data were used to assess the reliability and convergent validity. RESULTS: The mWOMAC Gujarati version questionnaire was internally consistent with Cronbach's alpha 0.936 (test), 0.940 (retest), respectively. Test-retest reliability was analyzed using mixed model intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and found satisfactory with ICCs of 0.986. Convergent validity was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient between mWOMAC and VAS (P < 0.05, r = 0.716); mWOMAC and HHD (P < 0.05; r = −0.915) and significant correlation was found. CONCLUSION: The mWOMAC Gujarati version is a reliable and valid self-rated clinical instrument for the assessment of symptoms and function in OA knee.
Guidelines for the physiotherapy management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Subin Solomen
The purpose of the article is to provide guidelines for the physiotherapy management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The various publications on the same topic were brought together with input from several textbooks in the field of cardiorespiratory physiotherapy and translated into clinical practice. This article briefs with definition, risk factors, prevalence, clinical features, investigations, differential diagnosis, and management of COPD patient. Then, information on physiotherapy management during acute exacerbation phase and during stable phase is detailed. The article provides specific details on the rationale of why and especially how to implement exercise training in patients with COPD.
The allied and health-care professions bill 2018: Implications for physiotherapists
Akhoury Gourang Kumar Sinha
January-June 2019, 13(1):1-4
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Systematic review of recovery protocols for athletes following ACL injuries: Surgical vs. conservative treatment
Manish Shukla, Vishnu Dutt Bindal, Vivek Pandey
Injuries to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are common in sports. The treatments prescribed for torn ACL are surgical reconstruction (ACLr) and conservative management. While both treatments do not offer relief from long-term osteoarthritis (OA), the choice of the best treatment for athletes remains unclear. To assess the effectiveness of surgical versus conservative treatment for treating torn ACL in sports, a literature search in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials was done for randomized controlled trials/quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs/QRCTs) that compared surgical reconstruction with conservative treatment of ACL rupture in active participants. Studies were assessed for quality using PEDro clinical appraisal tool. Since the studies were heterogeneous, meta-analysis was not performed, and a "best evidence synthesis" was reported. There were four studies (RCTs/QRCTs), which met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of participants in ACLr group ranged 25.3–45.8 years, while in CON group, it was 25.5–49.3 years. Tibiofemoral OA ranged from 23% to 80% in surgery group and 28%–68% in conservative group. Three studies reported no difference between surgical and conservative group in terms of long-term OA at 10–20 years' follow-up. When assessed in terms of functional knee outcomes (Lysholm score, IKDC score, and Tegner score) and knee laxity, ACLr group showed significantly better outcomes. Thus, it may be suggested, based on functional knee outcome scores, that ACLr may help athletes resume their sporting career postinjury. Further good quality RCTs involving a large number of participants are required to strengthen the claim.
The effects of McKenzie exercises in chronic nonspecific low back pain patients with central sensitization: A pilot study
Dibyendunarayan Dhrubaprasad Bid, Neela C Soni, Abhishek S Yadav, Priyanshu V Rathod
BACKGROUND: The possibility of the presence of central sensitization (CS) among chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP) patients to predict treatment response by related outcome measures has not been adequately explored. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility of a study to compare "McKenzie exercise program" (MEP) and "conventional physiotherapy program" (CPP) outcomes for participants with CNSLBP, investigate whether any difference in outcome was related to CS, disability, fear-avoidance beliefs and trunk flexors and extensors muscles endurance, and to inform the design of a main study. OBJECTIVE: The present study tests whether MEP reduces CS better in CNSLBP patients having CS compared to CPP. METHODS: Forty-two patients with CNSLBP were randomly allocated into two groups. The experimental group (n = 22) received only MEP and control group (n = 20) received only CPP. Each group received specific weekly treatment five times during the study for 2 months. Outcome measures were CS Inventory-Gujarati (CSI-G) for the presence of CS, numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) for pain intensity, pressure pain threshold (PPT) by pressure algometry, Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire-Gujarati (RMDQ-G) for disability, Fear-avoidance-beliefs Questionnaire-Gujarati (FABQ-G) for fear-avoidance beliefs, and trunk flexors and extensors endurance tests. RESULTS: Both the groups showed a decrease in NPRS, CSI-G, RMDQ-G, and FABQ-G scores and increase in PPT and trunk flexors and extensors endurance scores. However, decrease in NPRS, CSI-G, RMDQ-G, and FABQ-G scores and increase in PPT scores were significantly better in the experimental group. In contrast, control group performed significantly better on trunk flexors and extensors endurance scores. CONCLUSION: McKenzie exercises are effective in reducing pain, pain sensitization, disability and fear avoidance beliefs; however, it does not improve trunk flexors and extensors endurance in CNSLBP patients with or without CS.
Effect of scapular hold-relax technique on shoulder pain in hemiplegic subjects: A randomized controlled trial
Jeba Chitra, Deepak Joshi
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Poststroke shoulder pain is one of the most common (34%–86%) and significant problems that impairs the normal functioning and rehabilitation in stroke survivors. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on shoulder pain in hemiplegic patients. METHODS: A total of 30 stroke survivors with hemiplegia were recruited and randomly allocated to Group A (n = 15) and Group B (n = 15). The experimental group was administered conventional treatment plus scapular PNF-hold relax technique, whereas the control group received only conventional treatment comprised of passive shoulder range of motion exercises, stretching exercises, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for 12 sessions (4 sessions per week). The outcome measure used to assess the level of shoulder pain before and after the intervention was visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed significant reduction in poststroke shoulder pain (PSSP) in both the experimental and control groups. Although the relief in PSSP was found, no statistically significant differences could be obtained between the groups. CONCLUSION: The reduction in shoulder pain observed in both the groups signifies the effectiveness of conventional measures (i.e., passive range of motion exercises, stretching exercises, and TENS) in relieving the shoulder pain in hemiplegic patients. Clinically, it was seen that the experimental group exhibited better improvement around the shoulder. Hence, it can be stated that scapular PNF has a positive impact on PSSP, but it demands more vigorous future researches to prove the hypothesis correct statistically.
Reaction time in sitting and standing postures among typical young adults
MN Anitha, Vijay Raj V Samuel
CONTEXT: Reaction time (RT) is one of the important components of physical fitness. Evaluation of RT is vital to understand and plan a training program. There is a need to comprehend the normative values of RT in young adults in different functional postures, which will enable the clinician to plan the fitness program effectively. AIMS: The aim of this study was to observe the RT in sitting and standing postures among typical young adults. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was an observational study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty-five young Indian men and women students from a college at Mysore were included in the study. The participants' dominant hand was used to assess the RT in standing and sitting postures with their dominant hand. With the given distance, the RT was then calculated using standard conversion formulae. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The RT between standing and sitting was analyzed using mean, standard deviation (SD), and paired t-test. RESULTS: The RT analyzed for 22 men in sitting showed excellent RT with a mean 0.1188 (SD 0.0455) and 0.0929 (SD 0.0385) in sitting and standing postures, respectively. Women (n = 43) in sitting had a good RT with a mean of 0.1401 (SD 0.0314) and in standing an excellent RT with a mean of 0.1092 (SD 0.0323). Men had better performance when compared with women, both in standing and sitting postures. Paired test for standing and sitting showed significant difference with t value of 5.364 and P < 0.005, with reduced RT in standing. CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes that the RT is comparatively reduced in standing than in sitting among the young adults.
Musculoskeletal health, quality of life, and related risk factors among physiotherapy students
Dibyendunarayan Dhrubaprasad Bid, Thangamani Ramalingam Alagappan, Hetal P Dhanani, Parita S Goyani, Zenish S Narielwala
BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal injuries are common among physiotherapy students and these are increasing nowadays. In the recent years, there has been an increase in musculoskeletal complaints, work-related stress, and reduced quality of life among physiotherapy students. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to identify the prevalence and associated risk factors of musculoskeletal health and health-related quality of life of physiotherapy students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among physiotherapy students from three different physiotherapy colleges of Surat, India, from November 2013 to January 2014. A total of 457 physiotherapy students (22 males and 435 females) completed the demographic and personal data along with questionnaires such as Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire, International Physical Activity Level Questionnaire, Quality of Life Short-Form Questionnaire, and Brief Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale. RESULTS: Most of the students had experienced some kind of a musculoskeletal pain in the past 6 months. On comparing different locations of pain (neck, shoulder, upper back, lower back, and lower legs), the lower back was found to be most commonly affected location (29.1%) followed by the neck (13.4%) and lower legs (13.8%). CONCLUSION: Musculoskeletal pain is prevalent among physiotherapy students, and mostly, back, neck, and lower leg pains are very common among them. Moreover, these pains reduce the physical and mental health of the students and also affect their life satisfaction.
Validation of Duke Activity Status Index questionnaire to determine functional capacity in young healthy nonexercising individuals
Saba Khan, Razia Nagarwala, Ashok Shyam, Parag Sancheti
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to correlate maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) obtained from subjective measure using Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) scale with objective assessment of aerobic capacity measured by VO2 max during submaximal exercise testing in young healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight young healthy nonexercising individuals were recruited in the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants were made to undergo exercise testing on treadmill using modified Bruce protocol and maximal aerobic capacity was calculated. The participants were made to answer DASI questionnaire, and VO2 max was calculated using the questionnaire. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant but moderate correlation (r = 0.339 and P= 0.001) found between VO2 max obtained from DASI scale and VO2 max obtained from exercise testing. CONCLUSION: The subjective functional scales (DASI) used to assess basic physical capacity have moderate ability to predict actual functional capacity as measured by VO2 max achieved by objective assessment of aerobic capacity by exercise testing in young healthy individuals.
Prevalence of ankle instabilities and disabilities among female Kathak dancers
Roopika Sabharwal, Sonia Singh
BACKGROUND: Kathak dancers are required to perform certain complex mudras at their foot involving extreme ranges. This may make them prone to ankle instabilities. The purpose of this study was to find out the prevalence of ankle instabilities and disabilities among the Kathak dancers. METHODS: Screening of forty female Kathak Dancers was done for the study from the Department of Dance, Punjabi University, Patiala, on the basis of inclusion criteria. Subjects were assessed for Ankle Instabilities and Disabilities through Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI) and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT). RESULTS: Percentile analysis of the scores obtained from both FADI and CAIT was done. 70% of the Kathak Dancers were found to suffer from Foot and Ankle disability. 90% of the Kathak dancers were found to have ankle instability at left side while 75% were having ankle instability at the right side. CONCLUSION: Kathak dancers are prone to develop functional disability and instabilities at ankle joint. This may be attributed to the complex postures accomplished by them at foot. It is important to advise them about the prevention and treatment of their foot problems. Ergonomic education to these dancers also holds importance.
An Indian physiotherapist's suggestions to keep out of fake journals
Asir John Samuel
Physiotherapy researchers are recognized and valued based on their research publications. Research publications in recognized journals earn them research funding by recognized funding agencies. They are entitled for international travel grant; short-term research funding and many more are based on research publication. Unfortunately, most of the Indian physiotherapists, physiotherapist students and scholars are unaware of the genuine publishing platform. This Continuing Professional Education article gives an overview about the genuine publishing in the digital age in India.
Physiotherapy services for cancer patients in South India: A survey
Karthikeyan Guru, Udayakumar Manoor, Sanjay S Supe
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Cancer is a major cause of adult deaths in India and cancer incidence is projected to grow in the coming decades because of improved life expectancy. The importance of rehabilitation in cancer care received increasing recognition in medical settings; however, very little has been documented about the involvement of physiotherapists in cancer care and rehabilitation. This exploratory paper assesses the availability of physical therapy services for cancer patients and cancer survivors in South India. METHODOLOGY: In this explorative study, 1410 cancer patients from 15 cancer centers in three South Indian states were administered a valid questionnaire presented in their native languages. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze their responses. RESULTS: More than half of the cancer patients (54.1%) did not know that physiotherapy treatment is required in symptom management and only one-third (31%) were advised or referred to physiotherapy treatment. Two-thirds of the respondents (68.8%) were benefited by the recommended exercises. The recommended exercises were stretching (42.9%), breathing (28.6%), and strengthening (16.9%). The most commonly used evaluation method was visual analog scale for pain (29.9%). CONCLUSION: It is found that the number of qualified physiotherapists working in the cancer centers is not sufficient to meet the demand.
Perception of junior college students about Physiotherapy as a profession
Pallavi Vitthal Bargaje, Nilima S Bedekar, Savita Rairikar, Ashok Shyam, Parag Sancheti
Introduction: Junior college students have a wide spectrum of insight when it comes to choosing a career option. Physiotherapy is a health-care profession that involves evaluation and formulating a diagnosis to cure impairments, improve mobility, and hence improve quality of life. This study evaluated the perception of junior college students about physiotherapy as a profession and career option. Furthermore, the study determined the role sources of career information. Methodology: The study population includes 200 science stream junior college students which were selected using cluster sampling, i.e., selecting students from different zones of Pune. Outcome measures used were a self-made questionnaire which was distributed among students. Bearing physiotherapy as an option within health sciences domain in mind, various types of questions specific to physiotherapy department, its practice areas, and the course study were put forth to these students through the questionnaire. Results: Two-third of the information regarding physiotherapy was reported to be obtained from the internet (38%). Forty percent students did not know if physiotherapist can be directly visited/reference from doctor is required for physiotherapy. Only 2.5% and 0.5% students knew that physiotherapy is also useful in cardiorespiratory and pediatric conditions. Conclusion: Majority (74.5%) of students would consider physiotherapy as a career option. There is still a need to improve the knowledge of students regarding physiotherapy through various sources such as career information and Indian Association of Physiotherapy to give out appropriate and useful information, as there is a dearth of physiotherapy professionals in India.
Funding for physiotherapy research
Screening for bone mineral density using distal radius ultrasound (quantitative ultrasound scan): A camp-based approach
Raju Sharma, Jaswant Kaur Sandhu, Priyank Sharda, Richa Sharma, Komaldeep Kaur
BACKGROUND: Bone mineral density (BMD) is an indirect measure of bone strength. As per WHO criteria of osteoporosis, osteoporosis and osteopenia are two subclinical states of low level of BMD. Osteoporosis is a major silent public health problem in India but epidemiological data are scanty in our country. Public awareness can play a crucial role to prevent the consequences of osteoporosis, which is based on the estimation of the BMD as osteoporosis is symptomless until person sustains fracture with a trivial trauma. The purpose of this study was to screen the people for their BMD levels using the quantitative ultrasound scan (QUS) method. METHODOLOGY: A total of 215 individuals (125 males and 90 females) between 25 and 75 years of age were screened for their BMD levels in a camp held at Lyallpur Khalsa College of Jalandhar, Punjab. Their BMD was estimated using QUS on distal radius of dominating hand. Results were presented as distributive statistics. RESULTS: As per WHO criteria of BMD, 11.2% participants were osteoporotic (T-score <−2.5), 32.6% were osteopenic (T-score <−1.0–2.5) whereas approximately 56% had normal bone density (T-score >−1.0) There was a significant trend of decreasing bone density with an increase in age in both the gender groups. A significant association (χ2 = 18.64, P < 0.005) was reported between the T-score and age of participants. CONCLUSION: Although such as DEXA scan, QUS method is not considered to be a standard tool for estimation of BMD; however, it is effective and affordable in identification of subclinical cases having low level of BMD. In our country, a camp is the best setting to screen a large population and creating awareness about such health problem.
National Health Policy 2017: Perspective of physiotherapy profession
A. G. K. Sinha
Movement control impairment tests in patients with low back pain and healthy controls and its correlation with clinical measures
Alagappan Thangamani Ramalingam, SN Senthilkumar, Shaikh Rahila Banu Mohammed Hanif, Solanki Krutikaben Rameshbhai, Surti Aatekabanu Mohamed Kasim
BACKGROUND: To find out whether there is any movement impairment difference in the normal mechanics of musculoskeletal system between low back pain (LBP) patients and healthy individuals, applying battery of movement control impairment (MCI) tests and also relationship of diagnosis to major clinical measures. METHODS: Design is a case–control study. Three-trained physiotherapists executed a test battery of six tests, for which the reliability has been shown to be acceptable. A total of 180 participants, ninety LBP patients and ninety age-matched normal individuals were recruited to participate in the study after given consent. The differences between the groups were analyzed using the effect size (ES) (d). Chi-square test with cross-tabulation was done to find out odds and risk ratios of the participants to represent or remain in the patient group. A correlation analysis was done between all the movement impairment tests and the clinical measures such as numerical pain rating scale, straight leg raising, pain location, flexion, and extension ROM and pain duration. RESULTS: This study results demonstrated that there is a difference between participants with and without back pain which could be a diagnostic and in clinical practice may help to identify subgroups of patients in LBP. Tests such as one leg standing, rocking backward, and prone knee flexion are negatively related to back pain functional outcome indicating more difficulty in function if they are positive with LBP patients. There was no difference found regarding the presence or positive test result between the acute and chronic pain patients. CONCLUSION: The present study concluded that there was a significant difference between patients with LBP and normal individuals without back pain in actively controlling the movements of the low back. The ES between patients with LBP and healthy controls in movement control is large. Moreover, the pain score and extension range of motion are not related to any of the MCI tests.
The effect of postural stability exercises in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: Pre–post experimental study
Asmita Damodar Tari, Sanjiv Kumar
BACKGROUND: Among vestibular functions benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is one of the common conditions leading to dizziness, visual vertigo, and postural instability. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to find the effect of postural stability exercises on postural instability in BPPV patients. DESIGN: This was pre–post experimental study. SETTING: The study was conducted at a tertiary healthcare center, Belagavi, India. PATIENTS: A total of 12 patients positive for Dix-Halpike test between the age group of 20 and 60 years of both the genders were included in the study. INTERVENTION: Postural stability exercises were given for postural instability in BPPV patients. Treatment was administered for 2 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Patients were assessed at baseline using libra electronic balance master, dizziness handicap inventory, visual vertigo analog scale, and Berg Balance Scale, and re-assessed after 2 weeks. RESULTS: Mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, and dependent t-test were used. There was statistically significant change in terms of dizziness, postural stability, visual vertigo, static, and dynamic balance with the value of P < 0.05 CONCLUSION: Improvement in postural stability was seen in the participant receiving postural stability exercises. The exercises were found effective in reducing postural instability among BPPV patient. The study also concluded that BPPV was found common among females and in the age group of 30–40 years.
Structured curriculum delivery in undergraduate physiotherapy education: A qualitative study
Kavitha Raja, Jakson K Joseph, Jerin Mathew
CONTEXT: Physiotherapy curriculum has undergone a major change in the past several years. Over time in addition to content, some of the skills are given less importance, resulting in attrition of skills with increase in theoretical knowledge. AIMS: The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility and response to a structured method of curriculum delivery SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The study was conducted at College of Physiotherapy in Karnataka. The study design is qualitative. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Method of data collection for Phases I and III was through interviews using both in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. For Phase II, a multi-step Delphi approach was undertaken. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Triangulation was performed from the interview output, and the codes and themes were extracted. Trustworthiness of emergent themes was assessed through interviews conducted on a different cohort of faculty members and students. RESULTS: Predetermined themes that were assessed are ease of integration of subject from student's point of view and carryover of theoretical knowledge and skills in to the clinical work. The new themes that emerged after Phase I were that practical classes were important in all subjects and vertical and horizontal integrations of subjects are required. Phase II consisted of development of manuals and checklists. Phase III results revealed that the new system assisted teachers in delivering uniform knowledge across batches and helps students to understand the relevance of subjects studied. REFLECTIONS: Comments from Phase III are indicative of the achievement of the goals identified in Phase I through the methods described in Phase II.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Extensor trunk muscle activity during stabilization exercises: An update
Jayshree Shah, Zubia Veqar
Stabilization exercises are commonly employed exercises and are popular due to reduction in spinal loads and for strengthening of trunk extensors. Different stabilization exercises are performed in various position and using different strategies. Local muscles of trunk as well as global muscles both are activated during these exercises. Activation of local muscle such as multifidus as compared to global muscles is now being emphasized for treating low back pain (LBP). Varying lumbar lordosis during stabilization exercises has shown to increase the activity of lumbar multifidus as compared to longissimus thoracis muscle which is a global muscle. In addition, a lordotic posture causes lesser reduction in moment arm of erector spinae and reduced muscle activation. The lumbar multifidus is an important stabilizer of the neutral zone, and dysfunction in these muscles is strongly associated with LBP. Lumbar multifidus has also shown to be selectively and bilaterally atrophied in LBP. Electromyography of trunk muscles during stabilization exercises will provide a means by which the muscle activation levels can be analyzed and can assist therapist in selecting appropriate exercise for the muscle which is commonly atrophied in chronic LBP. Exercises promoting targeted activation of atrophied muscles will result in effective rehabilitation for LBP. The extensor muscle activity during stabilization exercises will help providing a potential for progression and planning rehabilitation protocol for the specific muscle.


When William is nine, his family experiences the sad and unexpected loss of Uncle John. Uncle John collapses in the tobacco field from untreated tuberculosis, and Trywell rushes to get a doctor from the hospital in Kasungu. Uncle John passes away before Trywell can return. It is the first time that William has ever seen his parents upset. Geoffrey is distraught at the loss of his father, and William does not know how to comfort him. William is also ashamed that he does not cry loudly to properly show his grief, and he forces tears to come before he goes to talk to his cousin.
Another difficulty of survival in rural Malawi is access to health care. The closest hospital is in Kasungu, and many people cannot afford to travel so far, or pay for any services once they get there. Death is a somewhat common occurrence in William's village, but still incredibly tragic when it affects William's family directly. Kamkwamba describes the mourning rituals of Malawians, describing how important it is to display the right emotions and support the family during this hardship.
Later that day, William's uncles Musaiwale and Socrates arrive from Kasungu and arrange a wake for John. William cannot handle the press of people inside Uncle John's house, and he and Geoffrey step outside for air. Geoffrey asks William what will happen now, but William has no answer.
Uncle John's death has upset the delicate balance of the Kamkwamba family that was allowing them to survive on their farm. As the rest of the family pulls together to mourn John's death, the younger men like William and Geoffrey are left to wonder about their own futures in this transition.
Chief Wimbe is away, so Mister Ngwata comes to discuss funeral arrangements and the inheritance of John's property. Mister Ngwata comes out and tells the village that it is now their responsibility to help John's children with clothing and school fees. A man from John's wife's family asks that the remaining Kamkwamba family care for John's children like their own children. Trywell, Musaiwale, and Socrates then carry John's coffin to the graveyard.
The community pulls together after Uncle John's death, understanding that it is the village's responsibility to ensure everyone's survival after a tragedy hits. While every person must look out for his or her own survival, the village also bands together to help John's children.
The gravediggers are already at the grave site, and have dug the grave in the traditional Malawi fashion with a hidden compartment that fits the coffin exactly. This compartment protects the deceased from falling dirt and keeps the family from seeing dirt fall directly on their loved one. The gravediggers lower John's coffin into this compartment, then build a new floor for the hole with a reed mat and fill in the rest of the now empty-looking hole with dirt.
Kamkwamba gives more detail about Malawian cultural practices, describing the process of digging a grave. Part of the explanation is magical, as the villagers believe that the spirits of deceased people can come back if they are disturbed by the dirt, but part of the explanation is also a practical respect for the living members of the deceased's family.
After Uncle John's death, life on the farm is more difficult due to both grief and unsettled business matters. John's eldest son, Jeremiah, inherits the farm, but the whole family knows that Jeremiah does not have the right attitude for the hard work of running a farm. Trywell wishes that it weren't customary to give a man's holdings to his first-born, but he does not want to upset the village chiefs by taking charge of the farm himself. Jeremiah spends all his time drinking away John's profits in the town center, and Musaiwale takes control of half of the old farm. After two years, none of John's farm is left.
Jeremiah provides an example of the type of life that William would like to avoid, with no plan for the future and no help for the Kamkwamba family. Though everyone in William's family knows that Jeremiah will not be able to run the farm, they cannot go against the customary inheritance rules. Trywell is again concerned with doing the "right" thing, though it may have been better for the family in the long run if Trywell had taken possession of the farm.
Farming is also more difficult in general because of the new policies put in place by President Muzuli. President Banda's thirty-year dictatorship had made the Malawian people angry, and even the intimidation of the Gule Wamkulu is not enough to convince the people to stop protesting. Banda, unlike many African rulers, agrees to step down peacefully, and Bakili Muluzi is elected. Though Banda certainly had his own troubles, he at least helped the farmers in the "breadbasket" of the country with kits of fertilizer and seeds. Muluzi only cares for business and opens the market to foreign imports of crops. Soon, tobacco prices are so low that most Malawian farmers don't bother to grow it.
President Banda uses the magical Gule Wamkulu to inspire fear and force people to follow his policies, another example of the negative influence of magic in Kamkwamba's opinion. Yet though Banda was not a perfect leader by any means, Kamkwamba still recognizes the ways that Banda's administration was better for Malawian farmers. Muluzi might be a "fairer" president, elected through democratic means, but he is not in touch with the actual needs of the mostly rural population.
William's family continues to grow tobacco, but can no longer hire additional workers to help William and his cousins do all the farm work. Uncle Socrates loses his job as a welder on a large tobacco estate and moves back to the village with his seven daughters and his dog, Khamba. William at first wants nothing to do with Khamba, a tall, skinny dog with black blotches across his exotic white fur. Malawian dogs are usually not kept as pets, but used for security reasons. Yet, no matter how much William tells Khamba to go away, Khamba continues to follow William around.
The Kamkwamba family comes together once more as farming conditions get worse. They all must work together in order to help each family member survive. Unlike pets in some American families, dogs are not considered "part of the family" but simply another mouth to feed as times get tougher. Khamba is supposed to be a useful guard dog, but at this point he is just a nuisance to William.
Soon enough, William stops trying to get rid of Khamba and even enjoys his company. Khamba does his work protecting the chickens of the farm and loves hunting in the forest. William takes him to find birds in the dambo, a practice that William learned from his older cousins Geoffrey and Charity. Before getting a dog, William, Geoffrey and Charity trapped birds in tree sap and then pounced on them before they could escape. Meat is a luxury in William's family, and William's parents never make him share the delicious birds he catches.
William often looks to connect with other people, and forms a friendship with the dog Khamba in the absence of other boys in his family when his older cousins are unavailable. When hunting, William is allowed to keep everything for himself. His parents do not expect William to contribute the extra meat to the family, because that prize came from William's work alone.
On one hunting expedition, Charity rashly decides to get more sap for trapping birds. However, the best sticky sap is also poisonous if it gets in one's eyes. The wind blows the sap into Charity's eyes and William and Geoffrey know that they must quickly get Charity to a mother who is producing milk, as that is the only cure for the sap. Luckily, Agnes has just had a baby and is still breastfeeding. The boys lead Charity to William's house and Agnes is able to cure the sap-blindness in exchange for all the birds Charity catches on his next hunting trip.
This story helps flesh out the details of William's young life. Kamkwamba stresses how careful he and his friends had to be in the fields, as plants like the sap tree could be incredibly dangerous if not handled correctly. Aside from the considerations of food and shelter, Malawians also have to be aware of their surroundings and make sure that their lives are not at risk from an accident.
Hunting with Geoffrey and Charity taught William how to best trap birds and patiently wait for the moment to kill, skills that Khamba understands by instinct. On hunting trips, William takes a sack full of many tossed out items that might be useful, including two knives that William made out of discarded iron and plastic sheeting.
Farming families like William's must adapt to the best methods of survival in Malawi, weighing the costs and benefits of actions that animals like Khamba do on instinct. William also recycles objects that would be thrown away instead of wasting money on specific materials for traps.
On a hunting trip, William and Khamba head down to the blue gum trees by Geoffrey's house to take advantage of their shade. William strips two blue gum branches of their bark and stakes the sticks in the soil. He uses a piece of old bicycle tube to make a slingshot-type bit between the two gumtree poles and attaches a rope made out of gumtree bark. William stacks old bricks in such a way that the slingshot will slam birds into the bricks when William pulls the rope. Finally, William sprinkles corn husks into the center of the slingshot area to lure wild birds to his trap.
Kamkwamba's clear, logical description of the trap he builds already shows the marks of William's aptitude for engineering. William is adept at building functional things, such as a trap, out of whatever resources he has on hand. While it might not be the "perfect" trap that an engineer would build in a laboratory, it is the trap best suited towards William's particular environment and materials.
After setting his trap, William hides behind a tree as Khamba silently stays on alert. Half an hour later, four wild birds swoop in to eat the bait. William waits until he sees Khamba's ears prick up and a fifth, fat bird flies into the trap. William then pulls the rope and kills all five birds. William stuffs the birds into his pocket and heads to the mphala, the home for unmarried boys.
William is able to depend on Khamba's instincts to get a higher catch. In Malawi, even one bird more is a significant difference due to the scarcity of meat for many farmers. William must have incredible patience and time his trap just right to maximize his "profits" in the hunting field.
William's cousin Charity lives at the mphala, as does his friend Mizeck. The mphala is cluttered and full of the paraphernalia prized by Malawian boys, including posters of the famous Malawian soccer teams on the walls. It smells of smoke and unwashed boys, but William loves any chance he has to hang out there. Since he is younger than the mphala boys, William must buy his entry with treats such as tasty birds. William desperately wants to be included in the older boys' conversations, which are mostly centered on pretty girls.
The mphala reveals another facet of Malawian culture, where boys of a certain age are expected to disengage somewhat from their families, through they are not yet married and looking to start families of their own. Kamkwamba speaks of it in terms of an American fraternity house where boys can gather as they become men. Malawian culture also puts a lot of emphasis on respecting elders, explaining part of William's deferential treatment to Charity and Mizeck.
This particular hunt has been a large enough kill that William can take his riches to the mphala. Mizeck allows William in, but forces Khamba to stay outside. William yells at Khamba for show in front of the older boys, but makes sure that Khamba gets to eat the bird entrails. Charity and Mizeck roast the birds over a fire and set to their feast. William is happy he is allowed to stay while the boys are eating, but as soon as the birds are gone, Mizeck and Charity tell William to go home to his mother.
William may put on bravado in front of Charity and Mizeck, but his actions show that he truly does care for Khamba. This is another example of how William internalized Trywell's stories about always treating others with kindness. Still, William's youth means that he is not seen as a worthy companion in the mphala.
Mueller, Bethany. "The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind Chapter 3." LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 21 Jun 2017. Web. 24 Apr 2019.
Mueller, Bethany. "The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind Chapter 3." LitCharts LLC, June 21, 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2019. https://www.litcharts.com/lit/the-boy-who-harnessed-the-wind/chapter-3.


text:
Appalling live TV blunder disgusts Korea
Joshua Cooper Ramo made a costly gaffe.
AMERICAN TV network NBC was forced to fire one of its Olympic analysts after he inexplicably said Koreans are grateful for Japan's role in their economic development - while ignoring the one-time imperial power's brutalisation of the peninsula.
The network was left red-faced by the comments of former journalist Joshua Cooper Ramo, who worked as a commentator during coverage of the opening ceremony of the Winter Olympics in PyeongChang.
Japan ruled Korea with an iron fist from 1910 to 1945 in a bloody occupation that still strikes a raw nerve. Koreans around the world criticised Ramo's remarks on social media and a petition soon circulated online.
"Every Korean will tell you that Japan is a cultural, technological and economic example that has been so important to their own transformation," said Ramo, who sits on the board of Starbucks and FedEx while working as co-CEO of former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger's consulting firm.
The Korea Times reported Sunday that the network had planned to use Ramo for other Olympics events - but then had no choice but to axe him.
"It was possible for him to do more with us here, now it is no longer possible," an NBC official told Korea Times.
Ramo made the comment after noting that Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe was in attendance.
NBC said it's "grateful" PyeongChang's organising committee accepted the network's apology.
NBC didn't catch the mind-boggling gaffe despite broadcasting the opening ceremonies on tape in the United States - 14 hours after it happened.
The network had no real explanation for the crazy comment other than to say sorry.
"We apologised quickly both in writing and on television for a remark made by one of our presenters during Friday night's opening ceremony," according to a 30 Rock statement.
NBC anchor Carolyn Manno had also read a statement on-air Sunday, trying to limit the damage of Ramo's nonsensical comment.
"We understand the Korean people were insulted by these comments and we apologise," she said.
Japanese domination of Korea remains a sore point between the two Asian economic powers.
Tokyo only formally lukewarm-apologised two years ago for the sexual enslavement of thousands of Korean women during World War II.
This article originally appeared on the New York Post and was republished with permission.
Confirmed: ACL tragedy for teen Aussie snowboard star
Humiliating difference between the two Koreas
Opening ceremony fury for Ch 7: 'Please shut up'
James slams half-pipe judges over 'favouritism'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Cycle Gear had Bilt's Evaporative Cooling Vest for $49 last week down from $59. I decided to give one a try. Yesterday was the first time I rode with it under a mesh jacket. It didn't do much below 40mph around town with the temp at 94. Above 40mph I started to feel some cooling and at 50mph it did a good job. At 70mph it felt great. Rode about 4hrs in the morning and it needed rehydrated. Wet it down and rode a couple more hours at highway speed and it cooled great. I don't think it would be useful to those riders up north but down here in Texas with the temps around 100 degrees I think it's worth it to me.
They are well worth the investment. They can make a 95 degree day bearable instead of miserable.


text:
Canada logging may ignite "carbon bomb": Greenpeace
Previous Article Wind Power Growth Blows Past Projections
Next Article The future of solar-powered houses is clear
VANCOUVER, British Columbia (Reuters) - Canada threatens to ignite a "carbon bomb" that could drastically worsen global warming if it continues heavy logging in areas of its vast northern forest, Greenpeace warned in a report on Thursday. Logging and other developments in the boreal forest release the carbon that the trees have trapped from the atmosphere over decades, potentially producing more greenhouse gases than from burning fossil fuels, the environmental group charged.
VANCOUVER, British Columbia (Reuters) - Canada threatens to ignite a "carbon bomb" that could drastically worsen global warming if it continues heavy logging in areas of its vast northern forest, Greenpeace warned in a report on Thursday.
Logging and other developments in the boreal forest release the carbon that the trees have trapped from the atmosphere over decades, potentially producing more greenhouse gases than from burning fossil fuels, the environmental group charged.
Greenpeace called for a moratorium on new logging in areas of the forest that still have large, unfragmented blocks of older-growth trees, and warned it had similar fears about the boreal forests that stretch across Russia and northern Europe.
"Research is starting to show that the forest is tipping from being an annual carbon sink to being an annual carbon source," said Christy Ferguson, Greenpeace's forests campaigner in Toronto.
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The "Turning Up the Heat" report, prepared by researchers at the University of Toronto, surveyed a variety of separate scientific studies on the boreal forest in recent years.
Canada's boreal forest, characterized by the predominance of conifers like pine and spruce, stretches in a vast curve across the country below the Arctic, from the Yukon territory in the northwest to the Atlantic coast of Newfoundland.
A 1993 study estimated it stored about 186 billion metric tons of carbon, equal to about 27 times what the world produces from burning fossil fuel each year.
Two-thirds of the carbon is stored in the forest's soil, which decays when the tree cover is removed.
Greenpeace says the carbon released as trees are harvested contributes to climate change. That, in turn, threatens the northern forest with problems such as insect outbreaks and increased forest fires that destroy more trees.
The global warming, which is often most apparent in the far north, also allows the permafrost to melt, releasing still more greenhouse gases.
That creates the scenario of a "carbon bomb" or the sudden release of massive amounts of carbon into the atmosphere, similar to what happened in 1997 when peat fires broke out in Indonesia, Ferguson said.
"It hasn't happened yet. That's good, and we can stop it," she said.
Greenpeace is not calling for a total ban on logging in the boreal forest, where many small communities are dependent on the lumber, plywood and paper industries for economic survival. In fact, protecting parts of the forest will help producers in the long run, the group said.
Canada's forest industry has argued that because harvested trees are replanted, carbon released through logging is eventually recaptured as the new trees grow.
The Canadian Forest Products Association said in October that its members had agreed to make the industry carbon neutral by 2015 without having to purchase carbon offset credits.
But Ferguson said the scientific studies indicate carbon neutral logging might not be possible, and the soil in some logged areas continues to release carbon for up to a decade after the trees are cut.
"As much as we would want it to be the way it works, that just isn't what happens," Ferguson said.
(Reporting Allan Dowd, Editing by Rob Wilson)
Top Stories	Ecosystems


text:
The Opera "Not Love Alone" on the Stage of Mariinsky Theatre
The stage of the Mariinsky Concert Hall presented the premiere of Rodion Shchedrin's opera "Not Love Alone" on March 24, 2016. This first opera of...
Mariinsky Theatre presented Maya Plisetskaya Galas in New York
February 25 to 28, 2016 during the tour the Mariinsky theatre in New York presented 4 Galas dedicated to the great ballerina with the title "Tribute...
Mariinsky Theatre Presented "A Christmas Tale"
26 December, 2015 the new stage of Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg presented the new opera "A Christmas Tale" by Rodion Shchedrin. Mariinsky...
Ave Maya Gala in memory of Maya Plisetskaya
'Plisetskaya was never just a major balletic talent. She was absolute super-league.' The Telegraph, 2006
Ensemble Productions is proud to announce...
New Gift to Bachrushin Museum. Dresses of Maya Plisetskaya
A representative of Rodion Shchedrin – Svetlana Smirnova has presented a gift to the collection of Bachrushin museum on January 22, 2016. It was made...
Wolrd Premiere in Mariinsky Theatre - Rodion Shchedrin - A Christmas Tale
On 26 December 2015, Rodion Shchedrin's new opera A Christmas Tale will be premiered at the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg, conducted by Valery...
Odessa Opera and Ballet Theatre presents a concert dedicated to Maya Plisetskaya
On the 20th of November the Odessa National Theatre presented the audience a concert dedicated to the 90th jubilee of Maya Plisetskaya. The Concert...
En Exhibition about Maya Plisetskaya opens in A. Bachrushin Museum
«The Lawless Comet» of Maya Plisetskaya»
Mariinsky Theatre makes a Retrospektive of Shchedrin's Works
In November and December 2015 the visitors of Mariinsky Theatre can see works of one of the Russian composer Rodion Shchedrin.
On the 5th of...
A Square in Moscow is named after Maya Plisetskaya
A public garden in the heart of Moscow is named after great ballerina of the 20th century Maya Plisetskaya. The general committee of the city council...


text:
Regime Seeks to Appoint New "Grand Ayatollahs"
by Sam Razi | Nov 20, 2009 | Featured, General
(Rooz Online)
By Ali Farokhi
Following the escalation of protests by Iran's senior ayatollahs against the regime, some members of the Qom Seminary Teachers Association (the most important organization of clerics affiliated with the regime) are planning to present a new list of "grand ayatollahs" under the supervision of Mohammad Yazdi, Ahmad Jannati and Mesbah Yazdi.
In Shia jurisprudence, grand ayatollahs are ranked highest and have the ability to issues "Fatwas" (religious decrees).
According to credible reports, the list will include the names of grand ayatollahs who have been approved by the Islamic government.
Previously, when the Teachers Association released a list of grand ayatollahs following the death of ayatollah Khomeini and then ayatollah Araki, it dropped the names of grand ayatollahs such as grand ayatollah Montazeri, Sistani, Shrazi, Ezzeddin Zanjani, Sadegh Rowhani, Sadeghi Tehrani and Qomi, who were certainly grand ayatollahs that had published their doctrinal books (containing orders to be followed by the pious) at least 20 years earlier. Instead, the Teachers Association placed the name of Islamic Republic supreme leader, ayatollah Khamenei ¾ who had not reached the highest ranks of jurisprudence ¾ on top of its list.
Recently, during clashes between the supreme leader's office and Qom grand ayatollahs over the announcement of the Eid Fetr date, except for one grand ayatollah, none other abided by the supreme leader's determination of the end date of the month of Ramadan. Similarly, following the announcement of Ahmadinejad's victory following the most recent presidential election, all but one grand ayatollah refrained from sending him a congratulatory note.
It seems that these reasons have convinced the Teachers Association's leaders to identify and announce several grand ayatollahs who are supportive of the government.
According to rumors, the new list of grand ayatollahs will include people such as Jafar Sobhani, Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi, Khoshvaght and a number of other ayatollahs approved by the regime. Credible reports indicate that prominent grand ayatollahs such as Montazeri and Zanjani will not have a place on the list. One informed source also reports that individuals such as grand ayatollah Ali Safi, the descendant of ayatollah Behjat's seminary, or Sanei, seyyed Ali Mohaghegh Damad, Dastgheib Shirazi and Bayat Zanjani will not have a place on the list either due to their criticism of the regime's behavior.
Pingback: Tweets that mention Regime Seeks to Appoint New "Grand Ayatollahs" | Iran News Now -- Topsy.com()


BlazerPro is excited to launch its new entry level scooter for 2017.
For the first time this years model features an IHC compression system and a box deck extrusion.
This scooter is a solid entry level scooter.


text:
fou batejat el 13 de novembre de 1720  a Thonne-la-Long  ( Meuse ), fou un important rellotger francès del segle XVIII.

Biografia
Arribat molt jove a París, el 1740, Jean-André es va fer ràpidament un nom gràcies a la realització de diversos rellotges públics monumentals. : Palau de Luxemburg, Castell de Bellevue , Castell de Ternes o l' Escola Militar en particular.

És autor d'un gran nombre d'invents i innovacions importants, inclòs l'escapament de passadors. Va construir per al castell de La Muette i el Palau de Luxemburg el primer rellotge horitzontal en què les rodes dentades es col·loquen una al costat de l'altra, en el mateix pla horitzontal. El principal avantatge d'aquest nou arranjament és que té un impacte molt inferior de desgast i millora el bon funcionament del rellotge. Aquest treball li va permetre gaudir d'un allotjament que li pogués servir d'estudi al mateix Palau de Luxemburg.

El 1748 va contraure matrimoni amb la filla de l'agregat de la reina vídua d'Espanya, allotjada al Palau de Luxemburg, l'astrònoma i matemàtica, Nicole Reine Étable (1723-1788), que faria càlculs complexos no només per Joseph Jérôme Lalande sinó també per a ell.

Jean-André es va fer amic de l'aparellador Alexis Claude Clairaut i de l'astrònom Jérôme Lalande, que l'introduïren a un món conreat i ric. Va rebre el títol de rellotger del rei i va ser nomenat membre de la comissió per a la mesura del temps.

Per ampliar el seu taller, va deixar el Palau de Luxemburg i es va traslladar a Saint Cloud; el 1748 va demanar al seu germà Jean-Baptiste que s'unís a ell.

El 1752 van construir un rellotge d'una roda que marcava les hores, els minuts i els segons que presenten a Lluís XV.

El 1753 van reclamar l'autoria de l'escapament de repòs aplicable a tots els rellotges de Beaumarchais, cosa que els va valer una demanda amb aquests últims.

El 1755, Jean-André va ser nomenat mestre rellotger i va compondre un tractat sobre rellotgeria que havia de ser una referència durant molt de temps i per a la redacció del qual va ser ajudat per l'astrònom Jérôme Lalande.

Va rebre el títol de rellotger del rei i va ser nomenat membre de la comissió del sistema del temps.

Per ampliar el seu taller, va deixar el Palau de Luxemburg i es va traslladar a Saint Cloud ; el 1748 va demanar al seu germà Jean-Baptiste que s'unís a ell.

 El 1752 van construir un rellotge d'una roda que marcava hores, minuts i segons que van presentar a Louis XV .
 El 1753 van reclamar l'escapament en repòs aplicable a tots els rellotges de Beaumarchais, cosa que els va valer una demanda amb aquests últims.
 El 1755, Jean-André va ser acceptat com a mestre rellotger i va compondre un tractat sobre rellotgeria que havia de ser una obra de referència durant molt de temps  i per a la redacció del qual va ser ajudat per l'astrònom Jérôme Lalande.
 El 1772 van produir, entre altres obres monumentals, el rellotge de la Reial Escola Militar de París.

Cap al 1760, els dos germans van portar dos dels seus nebots a París : Pierre Henry (fill de la seva germana Élisabeth i Jean Henry) i Pierre-Basile Lepaute (fill del seu germà gran Jean Joseph, i un temps associat amb un dels seus nebots també anomenat Jean-Joseph). Aquests els van ajudar i després van continuar el negoci familiar. La torxa la van agafar els seus respectius fills, que van continuar fent rellotgeria, però també van treballar per a la construcció de llanternes de fars.

Jean-André és l'oncle de Joseph Lepaute Dagelet (1751 - mort el 1788), astrònom, rellotger i científic, membre de l'expedició de La Pérouse (1785-1788).

Publicacions
 Traité d'horlogerie : contenant tout ce qui est nécessaire pour bien connaître et pour  les pendules et les montres, la description des pièces d'horlogerie les plus utiles, des répétitions, des équations, des pendules à une roue, &c. celle du nouvel échapement, un traité des engrénages, avec plusieurs tables, & XVII planches en taille-douce : augmenté de la description d'une nouvelle pendule policamératique, in-4°, Paris, 1755
 Descriptions de plusieurs ouvrages d'horlogerie, in-12°, Paris, 1764.

Galeria

Referències

Bibliografia
 Dictionnaire encyclopédique et biographique de l'industrie et des arts industriels, vol. 6, Paris, 1886, 964 p. , p. 97
 Claude Parent, « Pour l'amour du ciel, la vie aventureuse de Joseph Lepaute Dagelet » dins Ancêtres à Reims, 25 août 2007, p. 11-12.

Enllaços externs

 A L. quarter repeating pocket watch circa 1780
 A ca. 1790 watch
 Quarter repeating and calendar, ca. 1798
Rellotgers
Persones del Mosa
Morts a Saint-Cloud

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
SURPRISE! James Comey Assistant Who Announced He's Leaving The FBI Gets A Job At… CNN
An FBI agent named Josh Campbell recently announced in an article for the New York Times that he is leaving the agency in disgust over what's happening. Of course, he failed to mention the fact that he was a special assistant to James Comey.
Now we have learned that he has already got a new job lined up at CNN. How convenient!
Conservative Review reports:
'FAKE NEWS meets OBAMAGate': Comey assistant leaves FBI for CNN
On Friday, a former FBI agent wrote an eye-catching opinion piece in the New York Times, claiming that he had retired from the Bureau because it had received unfair "political attacks" from Republicans in Congress.
Other than its entirely disingenuous premise (alleging Republicans are attacking the FBI as a whole, rather than investigating alleged misdeads under leaders James Comey and Andrew McCabe), the piece leaves out important information.
Nowhere in the opinion article does Campbell reveal the fact that he was James Comey's special assistant. Campbell presents himself as someone who is unattached to the current political situation, leaving out the fact that he has a huge vested interest in defending Comey.
But it gets worse. Following the op-ed, John Cardillo, a host for The Rebel and former law enforcement officer, claimed that Campbell also left out the fact that he had already accepted an offer to become a CNN analyst.
My FBI sources tell me the real reason the writer of this piece, Josh Campbell, one of @comey and #McCabe's allies, is leaving the Bureau is because he was offered and accepted a VERY lucrative gig with @CNN to throw shade on the scandal.https://t.co/6wQ2bGM4TS
— John Cardillo (@johncardillo) February 3, 2018
What a shock.
Joe Biden Hiring Former Obama Adviser Who Praised Chinese Communist Dictator...
UNREAL: FOX News Reportedly Considering Hiring Brother Of Former Obama Adviser...


text:
If you didn't know Nepal was Buddha's birthplace, you will soon after you arrive. It's a flag that the tiny country, perched on the Himalayan ridge between India and Tibet, flies very proudly. The sacred is a priority here, and places of worship are correspondingly abundant. Take your pick from stupas, shrines and holy sites scattered liberally in and around Nepal's capital, and allow us to point out the loveliest temples in Kathmandu.
Budhanilkantha Temple
In Hindu mythology, the great god Vishnu dreams the universe into being as he sleeps upon the protective coils of a serpent, which in turn floats upon the ocean of bliss. It's this iconography that informs Budhanilkantha Temple, 15 minutes from Kathmandu's centre. Dominating the complex's sacred pool is a 5m-tall basalt carving of the god reclining on a snake. It's festooned with marigolds offered by worshippers, and the complex itself surrounded by holy rudraksha trees.
Swayambhunath Temple
Crowning the crest of a hill in the Kathmandu Valley, Swayambhunath Temple is among the most sacred Buddhist pilgrimage sites in Nepal. Although its name means 'self-created' in Tibetan, the great white dome is more popularly known as Monkey Temple, after the notoriously cheeky vervets that live there. They are said to be manifestations of the lice that clung to bodhisattva of wisdom, Manjushri's long hair. Keep your wits about you, though, these holy primates have an eye for precious things such as purses and sunglasses!
On the north-eastern fringes of the capital is a great white dome, capped with a gold spire that thrusts dramatically into Nepal's vivid skies. It's the largest stupa in Nepal, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, hence the large numbers of pilgrims and onlookers that constantly throng around it. If getting away from it all is a priority, Boudhanath is not the place to seek solace—however, despite the crowds, the site is steeped in a rare, palpable peace.
Where Boudhanath beckons Buddhist pilgrims, nearby Pashupatinath Temple, also a World Heritage Site, draws Hindus. The main gold-roofed temple is flanked by ghats, where Brahmins are cremated along the banks of Bagmati River. The Antyesti 'last sacrifice' ritual of preparing the dead for cremation is one of the most arresting sights you'll witness in Kathmandu.
Changu Narayan Temple
This Hindu temple in Bhaktapur, east of Kathmandu, is considered the oldest in Nepal, with its foundations dating back to the fourth century. It's a photogenic huddle of weathered red-brick architecture, jewel-box shrines and beautifully carved statues, all thankfully, relatively undamaged by 2015's catastrophic earthquake. The few cracks inflicted on Changu Narayan are currently under loving restoration, funded by the cursory entry fee.
Dakshinkali Temple
Kathmandu's temple to the dark goddess, Kali, is not for the feint-hearted—it's famous for its bi-weekly livestock sacrifices (which are later cooked and eaten). If you'd rather not witness one, avoid visiting on a Tuesday or Saturday. Elsewhere in the temple complex, enjoy the color and bustle of worshippers offering flower garlands, praying to the ferocious deity, and dabbing bright vermillion powder to their forehead for blessings.
Feature images © Lina Moiselenko/iStock; IVANIEITO/iStock; sihasakprachum/iStock; siraj Ahmad/iStock; Bartosz Hadyniak/iStock; shayes17/iStock
A Luxury Nepal Guide For Beginners
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Where to Discover Wildlife in Nepal
Lest you think Nepal's scenic offerings begin and end with its Himalayan peaks, we're shining a spotlight on another of the country's natural treasures: its…
Inside the Launch of the Taj Meghauli Serai in Chitwan National Park
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text:
About PreSafe Technologies
Robert V. Jones, CISSP President & Chief Executive Officer
Robert V. Jones is the co-founder of PReSafe Technologies and serves as the President and Chief Executive Officer.
Mr. Jones has more than 25 years of leadership and technology experience with increasing responsibility.
Prior to founding PReSafe Technologies, he was Staff Director, IT Infrastructure and Operations with
IEEE, Inc. (Inst. of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). There he led the architecture and IT service delivery across
the organization for both enterprise infrastructure and ecommerce infrastructure with revenue from online
subscription services approaching $200M annually. His direct responsibilities included cyber security
strategy and implementation among others. He has also held leadership positions of increasing responsibility
at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Merck, Inc., and Mars, Inc.
IEEE Project
Among other achievements, Mr. Jones led his team to create and introduce a unique messaging service with innovative virus detection and junk message reduction features to facilitate safer Internet communication for IEEE members.
More than 100K IEEE members subscribed driving a volume of over 375M messages processed annually making it one of the most popular IEEE member benefits for some time.
He holds a Master of Science from NYU Tandon School of Engineering (formerly Polytechnic University), Brooklyn, NY and a Bachelor of Science from the University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN both in Electrical Engineering. He is designated a Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) by the International Information Systems Security Certification Consortium, Inc., (ISC)2®.
Mr. Jones completed executive education programs including Leadership and Team Effectiveness at Yale University School of Management and Delivering Information Services at Harvard Business School.
Our CEO, Robert V Jones is a member of various notable associations and groups.
InfraGard
The International Security Certification Consortium (ISC)2®
Air Traffic Control Association (ATCA)
New Jersey Business & Industry Association (NJBIA)
The Government Technology Services Coalition (GTSC).
After serving 3 years as a member of its International Board of Directors (IBOD), Robert was elected Vice President of the Polytechnic Alumni Association (PAA), the alumni association serving NYU Tandon School Of Engineering. The election was held Jul 11, 2019. The new role was effective Sep 01, 2019.
PAA represents more than 60,000 engineers worldwide and it is part of the 500,000+ member New York University (NYU) Alumni Association.
info@presafetech.com
Our certification and contracts that position us to win business: SBA8(a) | TXDBE | NJDBE
© 2019, PReSafe Technologies. All Rights Reserved.


text:
package de.kuei.metafora.planningtoolmapcreator.client;

import com.google.gwt.i18n.client.Messages;

public interface Languages extends Messages{

	String CreateMap();
	String ConnectingToLasad();
	String CreatingLasadMap();
	String EnterMapname();
	String Mapname();
	String CouldNotBeCreated();
	String CreatingLasadMapFailed();
	String EnterAnotherName();
	String SomeoneAlreadyCreatesMap();
	String CreatingMapNotPossible();
	String TypeFilterAlert();
	String FilterYouTyped();
	String FilterTheCharacters();
	String StringFilterAlert();

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


After our sell out BALLOONATICS shows, kids comedy at The Comedy Club Bangkok is back!
Bangkok went balloon crazy and now we have our first kids' comedy magic show with JUSTIN RIVERA, co-presented by BKK Kids and Curtain Up Drama and Magic! As seen on Comedy Central, America's Got Talent a truly international magician and comedian Justin Rivera will be in Bangkok August 13th!
Experience a fun, interactive comedy and magic show full of laughs and wonder! Ages 4+. Show lasts 45 minutes.


text:
package com.stratio.crossdata.connector.elasticsearch

import java.util.{GregorianCalendar, UUID}

import com.sksamuel.elastic4s.ElasticDsl._
import com.sksamuel.elastic4s.mappings.FieldType._
import com.sksamuel.elastic4s.mappings.{MappingDefinition, TypedFieldDefinition}
import com.stratio.common.utils.components.logger.impl.SparkLoggerComponent
import com.typesafe.config.ConfigFactory
import org.apache.spark.sql.Row
import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.GenericRowWithSchema
import org.apache.spark.sql.crossdata.test.SharedXDContextTypesTest
import org.apache.spark.sql.crossdata.test.SharedXDContextTypesTest.SparkSQLColDef
import org.joda.time.DateTime

trait ElasticDataTypes extends ElasticWithSharedContext
  with SharedXDContextTypesTest
  with ElasticSearchDataTypesDefaultConstants
  with SparkLoggerComponent {

  override val dataTypesSparkOptions = Map(
    "resource" -> s"$Index/$Type",
    "es.nodes" -> s"$ElasticHost",
    "es.port" -> s"$ElasticRestPort",
    "es.nativePort" -> s"$ElasticNativePort",
    "es.cluster" -> s"$ElasticClusterName",
    "es.nodes.wan.only" -> "true",
    "es.read.field.as.array.include" -> Seq(
      "arrayint"
    ).mkString(",")
  )

  protected case class ESColumnData(elasticType: Option[TypedFieldDefinition], data: () => Any)
  protected object ESColumnData {
    def apply(data: () => Any): ESColumnData = ESColumnData(None, data)
    def apply(elasticType: TypedFieldDefinition, data: () => Any): ESColumnData = ESColumnData(Some(elasticType), data)
  }

  override val arrayFlattenTestColumn: String = "arraystruct"

  protected val dataTest: Seq[(SparkSQLColDef, ESColumnData)] = Seq(
    (SparkSQLColDef("id", "INT",  _ shouldBe a[java.lang.Integer]), ESColumnData("id" typed IntegerType, () => 1)),
    (SparkSQLColDef("age", "LONG", _ shouldBe a[java.lang.Long]), ESColumnData("age" typed LongType, () => 1)),
    (
      SparkSQLColDef("description", "STRING", _ shouldBe a[java.lang.String]),
      ESColumnData("description" typed StringType, () => "1")
    ),
    (
      SparkSQLColDef("name", "STRING", _ shouldBe a[java.lang.String]),
      ESColumnData( "name" typed StringType index NotAnalyzed, () => "1")
    ),
    (
      SparkSQLColDef("enrolled", "BOOLEAN", _ shouldBe a[java.lang.Boolean]),
      ESColumnData("enrolled" typed BooleanType, () => false)
    ),
    (
      SparkSQLColDef("birthday", "DATE", _ shouldBe a [java.sql.Date]),
      ESColumnData("birthday" typed DateType, () => DateTime.parse(1980 + "-01-01T10:00:00-00:00").toDate)
    ),
    (
      SparkSQLColDef("salary", "DOUBLE", _ shouldBe a[java.lang.Double]),
      ESColumnData("salary" typed DoubleType, () => 0.15)
    ),
    (
      SparkSQLColDef("timecol", "TIMESTAMP", _ shouldBe a[java.sql.Timestamp]),
      ESColumnData(
        "timecol" typed DateType,
        () => new java.sql.Timestamp(new GregorianCalendar(1970, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0).getTimeInMillis)
      )
    ),
    (
      SparkSQLColDef("float", "FLOAT", _ shouldBe a[java.lang.Float]),
      ESColumnData("float" typed FloatType, () => 0.15)
    ),
    (
      SparkSQLColDef("binary", "BINARY", x => x.isInstanceOf[Array[Byte]] shouldBe true),
      ESColumnData("binary" typed BinaryType, () => "YWE=".getBytes)
    ),
    (
      SparkSQLColDef("tinyint", "TINYINT", _ shouldBe a[java.lang.Byte]),
      ESColumnData("tinyint" typed ByteType, () => Byte.MinValue)
    ),
    (
      SparkSQLColDef("smallint", "SMALLINT", _ shouldBe a[java.lang.Short]),
      ESColumnData("smallint" typed ShortType, () => Short.MaxValue)
    ),
    (
      SparkSQLColDef("subdocument", "STRUCT<field1: INT>", _ shouldBe a [Row]),
      ESColumnData("subdocument"  inner ("field1" typed IntegerType), () => Map( "field1" -> 15))
    ),
    (
      SparkSQLColDef(
        "structofstruct",
        "STRUCT<field1: INT, struct1: STRUCT<structField1: INT>>",
        { res =>
          res shouldBe a[GenericRowWithSchema]
          res.asInstanceOf[GenericRowWithSchema].get(1) shouldBe a[GenericRowWithSchema]
        }
      ),
      ESColumnData(
        "structofstruct" inner ("field1" typed IntegerType, "struct1" inner("structField1" typed IntegerType)),
        () => Map("field1" -> 15, "struct1" -> Map("structField1" -> 42))
      )
    ),
    (
      SparkSQLColDef("arrayint", "ARRAY<INT>", _ shouldBe a[Seq[_]]),
      ESColumnData(() => Seq(1,2,3,4))
    ),
    (
      SparkSQLColDef("arraystruct", "ARRAY<STRUCT<field1: LONG, field2: LONG>>", _ shouldBe a[Seq[_]]),
      ESColumnData(
        "arraystruct" nested(
          "field1" typed LongType,
          "field2" typed LongType
        ),
        () =>
        Array(
          Map(
            "field1" -> 11,
            "field2" -> 12
          ),
          Map(
            "field1" -> 21,
            "field2" -> 22
          ),
          Map(
            "field1" -> 31,
            "field2" -> 32
          )
        )
      )
    )/*,
    (
      SparkSQLColDef(
        "arraystructarraystruct",
        "ARRAY<STRUCT<stringfield: STRING, arrayfield: ARRAY<STRUCT<field1: INT, field2: INT>>>>",
        { res =>
          res shouldBe a[Seq[_]]
          res.asInstanceOf[Seq[_]].head shouldBe a[Row]
          res.asInstanceOf[Seq[_]].head.asInstanceOf[Row].get(1) shouldBe a[Seq[_]]
          res.asInstanceOf[Seq[_]].head.asInstanceOf[Row].get(1).asInstanceOf[Seq[_]].head shouldBe a[Row]
        }
      ),
      ESColumnData(
        "arraystructarraystruct" nested (
          "stringfield" typed StringType,
          "arrayfield" nested (
            "field1" typed IntegerType,
            "field2" typed IntegerType
          )
        ),
        () => Array(
          Map(
            "stringfield" -> "hello",
            "arrayfield" -> Array(
              Map(
                "field1" -> 10,
                "field2" -> 20
              )
            )
          )
        )
      )
    )*/
  )

  override protected def typesSet: Seq[SparkSQLColDef] = dataTest.map(_._1)

  abstract override def saveTestData: Unit = {
    require(saveTypesData > 0, emptyTypesSetError)
  }

  override def saveTypesData: Int = {
    client.get.execute {
      val fieldsData = dataTest map {
        case (SparkSQLColDef(fieldName, _, _), ESColumnData(_, data)) => (fieldName, data())
      }
      index into Index / Type fields (fieldsData: _*)
    }.await
    client.get.execute {
      flush index Index
    }.await
    1
  }

  override def typeMapping(): MappingDefinition =
    Type fields (
      dataTest collect {
        case (_, ESColumnData(Some(mapping), _)) => mapping
      }: _*
    )

  override val emptyTypesSetError: String = "Couldn't insert Elasticsearch types test data"

}

trait ElasticSearchDataTypesDefaultConstants extends ElasticSearchDefaultConstants{
  private lazy val config = ConfigFactory.load()
  override val Index = s"idxname${UUID.randomUUID.toString.replaceAll("-", "")}"
  override val Type = s"typename${UUID.randomUUID.toString.replaceAll("-", "")}"

}


For 20 years, the New Jersey beach resort of Wildwood has been a town seething with envy. As hotels and shops along its boardwalk have tried to survive on the income they made three months out of the year, its more famous neighbor to the north -- Atlantic City -- has used its neon-splashed casinos to become a year-round mecca for tourists.
Now Wildwood is fighting back.
On Thursday, Wildwood's City Commissioners voted 2 to 1 to approve the transfer of a 2.5-acre municipal parking lot to the Delaware Tribe of western Oklahoma. In return, the Delawares would operate an Indian casino on the lot.
But this plan would immediately run afoul of Federal laws that give the state a deciding voice in the creation of new Indian land, a Federal Indian Affairs spokesman said yesterday. And Gov. Christine Todd Whitman's administration has been opposed to the city's gambling plan for years.
Undeterred, Mayor Fred Wager of Wildwood said yesterday that he believed the city could skirt the Governor's opposition by limiting the gambling to so-called Class II gaming, which includes bingo and, he said, keno poker and off-track betting.
The Mayor said he hoped that the low-level gambling casino would eventually grow into a full-fledged Class III casino, of the type operated by the Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation in Ledyard, Conn.
''We're looking for all of it, but we're willing to start out with a Class II casino, where you have bingo and keno poker and horse racing, and move to a Class III casino later,'' Mr. Wager said.
However, Rex Hackler, a spokesman for the Interior Department's Bureau of Indian Affairs, said that Federal rules governing the tribal ownership of land, and not the type of gambling the city envisions, stand in the way of an Indian Casino near the glitter of Atlantic City's 12 gambling palaces.
''Any Indian gaming has to take place on Indian land, and just because the town of Wildwood gave this land to the Delawares does not make it Indian land,'' Mr. Hackler said.
The Delawares, who were compelled to move to Oklahoma in the last century, signed an agreement with Wildwood in 1995 to operate the casino. Larry Snake, the tribal chairman, said at the time that the tribe had had no plans to operate a casino until Wildwood merchants got in touch with him.
The tribe filed suit for the land in state court in March, citing archeological evidence of Indian habitation near Wildwood. Jeffrey April, the tribe's New Jersey lawyer, said in the spring that the litigation was intended to expedite a casino.
Turning the parking lot over to the Delawares would settle the tribe's claim to all of Wildwood as its ancestral lands. The tribe has not formally agreed to the settlement under which they would get the casino lot and the city's backing for a casino, Mayor Wager said. But, the Mayor noted, the Council still had to take the legal steps authorizing the transfer before a deal could be made.
Mr. April could not be reached by phone yesterday.
The Mayor said the Wildwood casino would not serve alcohol, or offer any dining more lavish than a food court, so that local businesses would benefit directly from the crowds they expect the wished-for casino would draw. Wildwood expects to earn more than $8 million a year in new revenues from the casino, as well as employment for 600 to 1,000 residents -- a lot of jobs for a town of 5,000.
Under the New Jersey Constitution, casino gambling is legal only in Atlantic City. The Attorney General, Peter G. Verniero, repeated through a spokesman on Thursday that the state was opposed to the creation of an Indian tribal casino at Wildwood.
But State officials were not clear yesterday which state agency, if any, would govern Class II gambling in New Jersey.
Bingo and similar games of chance are regulated by the Department of Consumer Affairs, but a Consumer Affairs spokeswoman said her department oversees only charity games.
Several municipalities and developers across the country have in the past tried to create Indian reservations out of private or municipal land for the purposes of creating a casino, but without success, and the Federal Government has never approved a grant of land to a tribe outside its home state, said Stephanie Hanna, a spokeswoman for Interior Secretary Bruce Babbitt.
Moreover, said Mr. Hackler of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, approval to take land in trust in order to create an Indian casino is a rare occurrence, even with full state backing.


A StarTable which is initialised from an existing table but can have columns added to it. Currently, this table cannot have its number of rows changed.
Constructs a PlasticStarTable based on an existing StarTable object.
Returns the StarTable table on which this PlasticStarTable is based.
Constructs a PlasticStarTable based on an existing StarTable object. The metadata are copied from the base table and ColumnData objects constructed to wrap each of its columns.


text:
Google Local Guides are adding 700,000 new places to Google Maps each month and 95 percent of these are outside the U.S.
Designed to Work Anywhere
LocalClarity is currently used by businesses in 61 countries throughout the world to gain insights into their local search presence, manage and respond to reviews, and build interactions with customers.
If Google My Business is active in your country, LocalClarity works.
Google is now translating user reviews that appear in Google Search results and Google Maps into the language set on your device, so you can read them in your own language.
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited
"The Deloitte Consumer Review – The Growing Power of Consumers"
A World Community
Google recently held its second annual Local Guides Summit, which brought the top contributing Local Guides from around the world to San Francisco. The event had 150 total attendees from 62 countries – double the number from last year's event. For a platform only in its third year, hosting an event with such a vast worldwide audience speaks volumes for its quick rise in popularity and global reach.
Google Local Guides community is not made up of just Millennials, they're people from across the world who are trying to help contribute and, in many cases, take a great deal of pride in their work as a Local Guide.


text:
Q: ionic unable to add SocialSharing-PhoneGap-Plugin I am trying to use SocialSharing-PhoneGap-Plugin in my first app development,
https://github.com/EddyVerbruggen/SocialSharing-PhoneGap-Plugin#web-share-api
I have tried following command :
cordova plugin add SocialSharing-PhoneGap-Plugin
cordova plugin add https://github.com/EddyVerbruggen/SocialSharing-PhoneGap-Plugin.git
but It gives me same error , Anyone know what the problem is?

A: Some plugins can install in specific versions of cordova.
so please downgrade your cordova version and try to install that plugin again.
if your cordova version is 7+, downgrade to 6.5.0
npm install -g cordova@6.5.0

A: The plugin name is case sensitive, so the right one is:
cordova plugin rm cordova-plugin-x-socialsharing

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Sweet Spot: Hola People!
Just a post to say hi. A warm welcome to my new followers (I love you guys!) No, I haven't died (thankfully). I've just been pretty busy with filling orders and brainstorming new product ideas. Oh, and trying not to let the Fall get me in a bad mood. I've been crazy achy the past few weeks, as I usually am when seasons change. But I will trek on (go me, go me)!
I hit an awesome milestone this weekend. I made my 300th sale! WOOT WOOT! Seriously, when I opened up my shop back in 2008, I really just thought my friends would be buying things from me out of obligation. I feel blessed to be able to do what I love. Something that helps me work through my condition AND helps out my family (even if just a wee bit). Family is always the reason for everything.
Who needs a digital camera anymore?
I made that apple tart in the corner there. Actually, I made two but they somehow disappeared on less than 24 hours! They were delish. Just apples, cinnamon, nutmeg, very little butter and a SUPER easy paté briseé recipe I found here. Seriously, if you have some apples laying around, try it! You'll impress the heck out of everyone!
I was a little bummed out last week because I missed out on two fabulous things due to pain. First, I was supposed to help fellow quiller, Juliet Hwang with her quilling presentation at the Jane Austen Society in Brooklyn. I had to cancel :( Then, I was supposed to help my friend Melanie out with a craft fair up in Connecticut. I couldn't go. I was bummed out, to say the least, but it's a new week and a new day. Isn't it true that the best part about a day is that it only lasts 24 hours, so if it's bad we getto start fresh pretty quickly. Each day is special in its own way, even if I feel crappy.
I got a notification of being featured in this awesome treasury dedicated solely to quilling. I love how diverse the styles are. Quilling isn't just swirls and flowers anymore, it's so much more! -Click anywhere to take a closer look.
I hope the rest of your week is awesomely SWEET and I hope to be back soon with more to share!
Nice pictures of your day @ the orchards! Wow, 300 sales..that is amazing! Congratulations!