Torie Jayne is a successful young designer, blogger, and author with a keen interest in creating beautiful accessories for the home. Her blog, toriejayne.com, receives over 100,000 hits a month, and features her trademark sewing in beautiful saturated pastels, as well as baking and other crafts. Now Torie has created over 35 projects for you to make, to bring some of her style to your home. The kitchen chapter includes table linen, a bread basket, and utensil holder, while the bedroom chapter features an eye mask, make-up bag, and a padded headboard. The entrance hall chapter includes useful storage projects, such as square storage boxes made from fabric plus fabric and oilcloth bags. The garden chapter showcases practical projects such as a garden kneeler with carry-handles and a polka-dot tool belt, as well as decorative bench cushions, a child's play tent, and bunting. Every project is in fresh, appealing colours, and reflects Torie's sewing expertise, as well as her eye for patterns.
Would you like to try a project? Forget about paying 5 pence for a plastic carrier bag! Sew this stylish Oilcloth Shopping Bag instead - you can find the simple instructions with illustrations on our blog.
Torie Jayne studied fashion at Kingston University, and then got her first job in New York, designing for American Eagle Outfitters. Returning to London, she worked for many high-street brands, including Marks & Spencer and Zara, designing collections for everything from swimwear to denim. In 2009 she started her blog, toriejayne.com, to share her passion for crafts and interiors. The author lives in Devon, UK.


Trying to find pubs in Haslington? You've come to the right place. We've got every pub and bar in the UK listed. Whether you're looking for a pub or bar in Haslington to play darts, somewhere to play pool or just want to have a look at a menu before you go, we can help.
Broughton Arms in Haslington serves food. The pub serves real ale, it is a member of Cask Marque.
Fox Inn in Haslington has a car park. The pub is a family friendly pub, it has an outside area. Fox Inn has a smoking area. The pub has free WiFi.


The seedy underbelly of Vienna at night. Mercedes is a femme fatale from Mexico, newly arrived at the Vienna airport with her German boyfriend Rainer, where they have smuggled a kilo of cocaine through customs. Unfortunately for them, the city has just had a major drug crackdown, leaving them without buyers and money. Disgusted with Rainer, Mercedes ditches him and hooks up with Harry, a lonely and bored cab driver who agrees to help her find a buyer for the drugs so she can get some cash and go home. She offers Harry a deal he can't refuse. Is he just another pawn for Mercedes or will her promises help him achieve his hope and dreams? The story careens through the night streets of Vienna, following two amateurs navigating their way through the treacherous world of the drug trade. It's a mood piece with the backdrop of a stifling urban loneliness.


text:
\section{Introduction}\label{intro}

Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) occur at an all sky rate that has been estimated to be $2 \cdot 10^3$ per day
[$7.3  \cdot 10^5$ per year] above a flux density threshold of 1 Jy \citep[or fluence of 2 Jy ms;][]{KeanePetroff2015}, and $\gtrsim 10^{7.5}$ per year at 0.8 mJy (e.g. \citealt{FialkovLoeb2017}), representing the expected sensitivity of the Square Kilometer Array.  Because of limited sky coverage to date, only about 31 FRBs have been reported at the time of this writing, almost all of them detected over a 5 year period. On the other hand, if the all sky rate were $7 \cdot 10^5$ per year above 1 Jy ($2 \cdot 10^3$ per day, \citealt{KeanePetroff2015}), the sky-time coverage (i.e., the fraction of sky observed, times observing time) can be assumed to have been of the order of $4.3 \cdot 10^{-5}$~yr. If we assume for the sake of simplicity that all FRBs to date were found over an effective observing time of 5 years (1 year), then the fraction of covered sky is $4.3/5 \cdot 10^{-5} \simeq0.9 \cdot 10^{-5}$ ($4.3 \cdot 10^{-5}$).
Now of these 31, one FRB (FRB 121102) source repeated. Its redshift is 0.19 and it has a typical peak flux of 0.9 Jy. Given the above estimated sky coverage, it may be assumed, unless FRB 121102 is statistically very improbable  {\it a priori}, that $N_{1Jy} \sim 10^{4}-10^{5}$ such repeating FRBs could be eventually found over the entire sky above 1 Jy.

In practice, typical field-of-view sizes might only allow for discovering a small fraction of the repeating FRBs per year. On the other hand, it should be much easier to scan the sky for repeating FRBs than for non-repeating ones, depending on the frequency of repetition, which is still largely unknown.

Let us note that the equation of motion for an approaching photon is given by
 \begin {equation}
 Rdr = -cdt
 \end{equation}
where $c$ is the speed of light, $t$ is cosmic time, $r$ is the dimensionless comoving distance of the photon, and $R(t)$ is the cosmic scale factor so that $Rdr$ is the proper distance.  But $dt$ also obeys
 \begin{equation}
 H(z) dt = dR(z)/R(z)  =- d(1+z)/(1+z),
 \end{equation}
 where $z$ is redshift and $H(z)$ is the Hubble constant at the time of emission.  It follows from the above that sources seen at present obey

 \begin{flalign}\label{drdz}
  &d r(z)/d(1+z) = [dr/dt]/[d(1+z)/dt] \nonumber \\
  &= c/[(1+z)R(z)H(z)]  = c/[R_o H(z)]  \nonumber\\
  &= c/[R_o [(aR^{-3}+\Lambda)c^2/3]^{\frac{1}{2}}] \nonumber \\
  &= c/[R_o [(aR_o^{-3}(1+z)^3+\Lambda)c^2/3]^{\frac{1}{2}}]
 \end{flalign}

   where $aR_o^{-3}=[\Omega_{m,0}/\Omega_{\Lambda,0}]\Lambda \simeq [0.3/0.7]\Lambda$, $\Lambda$ is the cosmological constant, $\Omega_{m,0}$ is the present cosmic matter density relative to the critical density and $\Omega_{\Lambda,0}$ is the present dark energy density relative to the critical density. Integrating equation (\ref{drdz}) yields $r(z)$, and, in a flat $\Lambda$CDM  model, the comoving volume of a sphere out to $r(z)$ is $4\pi r(z)^3/3$.
   The total number of repeating FRBs expected is $N_{\epsilon}= \int_0^{\infty} (dn/dz)dz= (dn/dr^3)\int_0^{\infty} (dr^3/dz)dz $, where $dn/dr^3$, the volume density of the sources, is assumed to be constant. The total number of repeating sources that can be detected down to $\sim$0.8 mJy is given by cutting off the integral at the redshift at which a source at $z=0.19$ with peak flux $\sim$1 Jy  will appear $(1/0.8)\times 10^3$ times dimmer. This occurs at $z\simeq3.7$. Thus:
   \begin{equation}
   N_{\epsilon}\sim{1\over 2}\left[\frac{r(z=3.7)}{r(z=0.19)}\right]^3 N_{1 Jy} \sim 360 N_{1 Jy} \sim 10^{6.5} -10^{7.5} ,
   \end{equation}
where we have assumed that the comoving number density of repeating FRBs is about half of the inverse comoving volume subtended by a sphere at the redshift of FRB 121102, we have counted only those FRBs that are at least as intrinsically bright as FRB 121102, and we have assumed all such sources could be seen out to high redshift. This is roughly compatible with the estimate of \citet{FialkovLoeb2017} for all FRBs, and it would not be surprising if a sizable fraction of all FRBs repeat even many times per year, and that the closest are the ones whose repeating nature is the first to be observed. If the FRB rate scales in proportion to the star formation rate, then it was even higher at large redshift in analogy to the gamma ray burst rate \citep{EichlerGuettaPohl2010}.  Note that we are counting sources, not FRBs. So the repetitive nature would imply a still higher FRB rate.

Now the strong-lensing cross section for a given typical rich cluster can comfortably be as high as 10 arcsec$^2$, or about $10^{-6}$ square degrees. But there are $\sim 10^4$ rich clusters in the sky with that cross section on average (e.g. \citealt{Zitrin2012UniversalRE}, \citealt{OguriBlandford2009}) so the chances are that a few repeating FRBs will be lensed by {\it some} rich cluster, and there should be no confusion between independent FRBs and repeating ones. The expected rate of repeating FRBs lensed by {\it individual galaxies} is far higher, and could be as high as  $10^4$ per sky per year.

Observing cosmic processes in real time is a long pursued idea in  cosmology. Our knowledge of the underlying cosmology has been revolutionized in recent decades thanks to, e.g., measurements of Type Ia supernovae \citep{Riess1998,Perlmutter1999}, baryonic acoustic oscillations \citep{Eisenstein2005}, time-delay measurements of lensed quasars \citep{Suyu2013_2,Tewes2013}, and the cosmic microwave background \citep{Planck2015Params}. However, these measurements generally -- or mostly -- constitute indirect probes of the cosmological parameters. Real-time cosmology refers to \emph{directly} measuring the change in radial and transverse location of cosmological sources over relatively
short periods of time, in different redshifts (\citealt{Quercellini2012} for a review), charting the actual growth or expansion history of the universe. While its principle has been proposed already several decades ago \citep{Sandage1962}, measurements are still unrealized given the long timescale needed to observe most phenomena compared to the human lifetime (see also \citealt{Lake1981}, and references therein). \citet{Loeb1998} suggested a couple of interesting ways to potentially measure the effect; one is via two observations,  set a decade apart, of large samples of quasars using sensitive high-resolution spectrographs where cross-correlating the Lyman-alpha absorption lines could reveal by how much the universe expanded in that time period (see also \citealt{Liske2008,Pasquini2010codex,Kloeckner2015arxiv,Martins2016}). A second idea suggested by \citet{Loeb1998} was to measure the frequency (or redshift) shift induced by the Hubble flow between multiple images of lensed sources, but the idea was rendered thus far impractical given the typical spectroscopic sensitivity, and, in part, given that the sources examined were generally extended, as well as the fact that the signal would be swamped by the frequency shift induced by the transverse peculiar motion of the lenses. Other innovative ideas \citep[e.g.][and references therein]{PiattellaGiani2017} were the possibility to measure the positional shift of multiple images of lensed sources, or the change in time delay (TD) between them, over a certain period (see also \citealt{BroadhurstOliver1991TD}). These ideas were also, mostly found to be currently impractical, give typical sensitivities and time periods required for their detection.

In this work we examine the option of probing such cosmological processes in ``real time" with lensed, repeating FRBs, and in particular, given the expected change in TD over time. In \S \ref{lensing} we outline a general lensing configuration and derive the TD expression in the thin lens approximation in a flat universe. We also derive the variations for a transverse moving source, for a source (and lens) drifting with the Hubble flow, as well as for a growing mass, and we outline explicit expressions for a point-mass lens, and for a singular isothermal sphere (SIS) lens. We numerically examine the effects  by comparing the TDs of various lensing configurations while changing the source (and lens) position, redshifts, and mass, verifying the results obtained using the analytic expectations. The results are presented in \S \ref{results}, and the work is concluded in \S \ref{conclusions}.

\section{ Gravitational Lensing}\label{lensing}

Assume a homogeneous, isotropic, zero curvature (k=0) universe.  Consider a source (S) nearly directly behind a gravitational lens (see Fig. \ref{sketch}). The source makes a real angle $\beta$ with the lens direction and let $\theta$ be the angle from the line of sight to the lens of its image (I), as seen by an observer (O).  Let $\chi_{l}$ be the (dimensionless) comoving radial distance to the lens plane which is defined to contain the lens and to be perpendicular to the line OS,  and denote point $l$ to be the intersection of the lens plane and the line OS.  Note that $l$ may vary with time, but if the source, lens and observer all follow the Hubble flow exactly, then $l$ also retains the same comoving coordinate. $\chi_{s}$ is the radial comoving distance between the observer and the source and $\chi_{ls}\equiv \chi_{s} -\chi_{l}$.
The (reduced) angle of deflection $\alpha$ is $\theta-\beta$.

The dimensionless comoving distance to a redshift $z_{i}$, is defined as $\chi_{i}=\frac{c}{R_{o}}\int^{z_{i}}_{0}\frac{dz'}{H(z')}$, so that this comoving distance times the scale factor at the time the light reaches the observer, $R_{o}$, gives the proper physical distance to the object. The angular diameter distance as we shall use in some parts below is the proper distance times the scale factor at the time of emission, i.e., $D_{i}=\frac{c}{1+z_{i}}\int^{z_{i}}_{0}\frac{dz'}{H(z')}$. The angular diameter distances between two redshifts $z_{i}$ and $z_{j}$ is given by $D_{ij}=\frac{c}{1+z_{j}}\int^{z_{j}}_{z_{i}}\frac{dz'}{H(z')}$.
The expansion rate of the Universe in the current, flat standard model (with $w=-1$, where $w$ equals the pressure over the energy density, i.e., the dark energy equation of state)  is,
\begin{equation}
H(z)=\sqrt{H_{0}^2(\Omega_{m,0}(1+z)^3+ \Omega_{\Lambda,0})} ,
\label{Hexpansion}
\end{equation}
with $H_{0}$ the present value of the Hubble constant.

The presence of the lens delays the arrival time of light rays from the source. The delay of an image due to the lens consists of two components
\begin{equation}
t= t_p +t_s,
\end{equation}
where $t_p$ is the geometrical TD due to the extra path length of the deflected ray, and $t_s$ is the delay due to the gravitational potential (known as the Shapiro delay; \citealt{Shapiro1964}).
The geometrical term is given by noting that the (comoving) path length of the deflected ray, $\chi_{ls}'+\chi_{l}'$,  is longer than path length of the undeflected ray,  $\chi_{s}$, by:
\begin{eqnarray}
&c t_p&=R_o \left[ \chi_{ls}[cos\alpha_{ls}^{-1}-1]+\chi_l[cos\alpha^{-1}-1]\right],
\label{eq:tp}
\end{eqnarray}
where  $\tan \alpha_{ls} \equiv \chi_l \tan \alpha/\chi_{ls} $, and $R_o$ is the  scale factor of the universe at the time the light ray arrives at the observer. We do not normalize $R_o$ to unity as is often done because real-time cosmology needs to allow for the fact that $R_o$ changes with time. Rather the scale factor carries dimensions of length while comoving distances, as defined above, are dimensionless.
The gravitational potential contribution to the observed delay is given by:
\begin{equation}
t_s= \frac{-2(1+z_{l})}{c^3} \int \phi(s) ds
\end{equation}
where $\phi(s)$ is the gravitational potential along the path ds, and the $(1+z_{l})$ redshifts the Shapiro delay in the lens frame, $\frac{-2}{c^3}\int\phi(s)ds$, to the observer's point of view.

Note that equation (\ref{eq:tp}) reduces, in second order approximation in $\alpha$, to the geometrical part of the familiar time-delay formula (with, possibly, a slightly different definition of the distances; e.g., \citealt{Refsdal1964MNRAS, Schneider1985,BlandfordNarayan1986, Bartelmann2010reviewB}):
\begin{equation}\label{usualT}
t(\theta)=\frac{1+z_l}{c}\frac{D_{l}D_{s}}{D_{ls}} \left[ \frac{1}{2}(\theta-\beta)^2-\psi(\theta)  \right],
\end{equation}
where $\theta$ is the observed image position and the effective lensing potential is $\psi(\theta)=\frac{2D_ls}{D_lD_sc^2}\int\phi ds$. In terms of comoving distances:
\begin{equation}\label{usualTComoving}
t(\theta)=\frac{R_o}{c}\frac{\chi_{l}\chi_{s}}{\chi_{ls}} \left[ \frac{1}{2}(\theta-\beta)^2-\psi(\theta)  \right],
\end{equation}
with $\psi(\theta)=\frac{1+z_l}{R_0}\frac{2\chi_ls}{\chi_l\chi_sc^2}\int\phi ds$. Hereafter for our calculations we shall use these second-order formulae, although we stress that all results presented were also verified using higher orders of equation (\ref{eq:tp}) (instead of the full expression given in equation (\ref{eq:tp}); the series expansion of 1/cos(x) is often more stable numerically than explicitly employing 1/cos(x)). Note also that our formula is given in the thin lens approximation, and, that its derivation uses, as is customary (e.g. \citealt{Bartelmann2010reviewB}), the fact that the TD is very small compared to the Hubble time.

The delay between two multiple images of the same background source, 1 and 2, observed at $\theta_1$ and $\theta_2$, is the difference in their respective delays $\Delta t \equiv t(\theta_2)-t(\theta_1)$.

\begin{figure}
 \begin{center}

  \includegraphics[width=90mm,trim=4.5cm 6cm 3cm 5cm,clip]{RealTimeDelay.pdf}
 \end{center}
\caption{Illustration of a lensing configuration. The difference between the comoving deflected and undeflected path lengths results in the geometrical TD of the image. The difference in this delay between a pair of multiple images of the same source is the geometrical contribution to the observed TD.}\vspace{0.1cm}
\label{sketch}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Lensing by a point mass}
The deflection angle at an angular distance $\theta$ from a point mass of mass $M$, located at a redshift of $z_{l}$, is given by \citep{NarayanBartelmann1996Lectures}:
\begin{equation}
\alpha(\theta)=\frac{4GM}{c^{2}\theta} \frac{D_{\rm ls}}{D_{\rm l}D_{\rm s}} ,
\label{def}
\end{equation}
where $D_{\rm l}$, $D_{\rm s}$, $D_{\rm ls}$ are the angular diameter distances to the lens, to the source (located at $z_{s}$), and between the lens and the source, respectively, $G$ the gravitational constant and $c$ the speed of light.
The lensing potential for a point mass is given by:
\begin{equation}
\psi(\theta)=\frac{4GM}{c^{2}} \frac{D_{\rm ls}}{D_{\rm l}D_{\rm s}} \ln{|\theta |}.
\end{equation}\label{pot}
The Einstein radius of the lens is given by:
\begin{equation}
  \theta_{\rm E} = \left(\frac{4GM}{c^2} \frac{D_{\rm ls}}{D_{\rm l}D_{\rm s}}\right)^{1/2} .
\label{re}
\end{equation}
The lens equation, describing the mapping between source and image planes, is generally given by:
\begin{equation}
  \beta(\theta) = \theta-\alpha(\theta),
\label{lens_eq}
\end{equation}
where $\beta$ is the angular source position. For a point mass, this can be written as:
\begin{equation}
  \beta = \theta - \frac{\theta_{\rm E}^2}{\theta},
\label{lens_eq_point}
\end{equation}
which has two solutions -- so that two images of the same source appear, one on either side of the lens:
\begin{equation}
  \theta_\pm = \frac{1}{2}\,\left(\beta\pm\sqrt{\beta^{2}+4\theta_{\rm E}^{2}}\right).
\label{sols}
\end{equation}

The magnification of the two images, for a point mass lens, are given by:
\begin{equation}
  \mu_\pm = \left[1-\left(\frac{\theta_{\rm E}}{\theta_\pm}\right)^{4} \right]^{-1} = \frac{u^{2}+2}{2u\sqrt{u^{2}+4}}\pm\frac{1}{2} ,
\label{mags}
\end{equation}
where $u$ is the angular separation of the source from the point mass
in units of the Einstein angle, $u\equiv\beta\theta_{\rm E}^{-1}$.

The TD (following equation \ref{usualT}) between the two images expected for a source strongly lensed by a point mass, is  $\Delta t \equiv t(\theta_-) - t(\theta_+)$. Equivalently the (approximated) TD for a point lens can be written as \citep{Schneider1992}:
\begin{equation}
\Delta t=  \frac{4GM}{c^{3}} (1+z_{\rm l}) \tau(u) ,
\label{eqTDScheinder}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
  \tau(u)=\frac{1}{2}u\sqrt{u^{2}+4} + \ln\frac{\sqrt{u^{2}+4} +u}{\sqrt{u^{2}+4} -u}  .
\label{eqTDScheinder2}
\end{equation}

In what follows, we will examine the change in the TD $\Delta t$, between pairs of multiply imaged events (say, a and b), which is denoted (similar to \citealt{PiattellaGiani2017}):
\begin{equation}
  \Delta \equiv  \Delta t_{b}- \Delta t_{a}  .
\label{eqTDdif}
\end{equation}

\subsection{Lensing by a singular isothermal sphere (SIS)}
Perhaps a more realistic representation for a lens on galaxy scales, while maintaining a simple form, is the SIS. We shall thus compare our time delay results for the point lens also to this form and for completeness give here \citep{Schneider1992,Loeb1998} its potential:
\begin{equation}
\psi(\theta)=\frac{4G\sigma^2}{c^2} \frac{D_{\rm ls} }{D_{\rm s}} |\theta |,
\end{equation}\label{potSIS}

and particular time delay function:
\begin{equation}
\Delta t=\left( 4\pi\frac{\sigma^2}{c^2}\right)^2 \frac{D_lD_{ls}}{cD_{s}}(1+z_l)2u ,
\end{equation}
where and $\sigma$ is the 1D velocity dispersion and the Einstein radius is given by:
\begin{equation}
\theta_{E}=4\pi\frac{\sigma^2}{c^2}\frac{D_{ls}}{D_{s}}.
\end{equation}

\subsection{Time delay for a transverse moving source}

Consider the possibility that a repeating transient source sends two pulses a and b, that arrive in two images, 1 and 2,  per pulse. For simplicity, we consider the special case that the separation in time between the two pulses $t_b -t_a$, though of human timescale, is larger than the image delay $\Delta t$. The small change in the delay between two multiple images of the transversely moving source over a positional change of $\delta \beta$  is
 \begin{flalign}
 \Delta &  = t_{b2} -t_{b1}  -t_{a2}  +t_{a1} = {{d t_2}\over{d \beta}}\delta \beta-{ {dt_1}\over{d\beta}} \delta \beta  && \\
 & =   \left[{\partial{ t_2}\over{\partial \theta}}|_{\beta}\frac{d\theta}{d\beta}+ {\partial{ t_2}\over{\partial \beta}}|_{\theta}   \nonumber
  -  {\partial{ t_1}\over{\partial \theta}}|_{\beta}\frac{d\theta}{d\beta}- {{\partial t_1}\over{\partial \beta}}|_{\theta}\right] \delta \beta && \\ \nonumber
& =\left[ ({\partial{ t_{2p}}\over{\partial \theta}}|_{\beta}  +    {\partial{ t_{2s}}\over{\partial \theta}}|_{\beta})\frac{d\theta}{d\beta}+ {\partial{ t_{2p}}\over{\partial \beta}}|_{\theta}  + {\partial{ t_{2s}}\over{\partial \beta}}|_{\theta}\right]\delta \beta \\ \nonumber
 & ~~~~ - \left[ ({\partial{ t_{1p}}\over{\partial \theta}}|_{\beta}  +    {\partial{ t_{1s}}\over{\partial \theta}}|_{\beta})\frac{d\theta}{d\beta}+ {\partial{ t_{1p}}\over{\partial \beta}}|_{\theta}  + {\partial{ t_{1s}}\over{\partial \beta}}|_{\theta}  \right] \delta \beta                                                      \nonumber
 \end{flalign}
where $\delta \beta = (d\beta/dt_0)(t_b -t_a)$. We denote the usual observed time as $t_0$ to distinguish it from the delayed time t.

Here  ${\partial{ t_{1,2}}\over{\partial \theta}}|_{\beta}$ means a virtual variation of $\theta$ keeping $\beta$ constant (even though the physical value of $\theta$ depends on $\beta$).  The quantities ${\partial{ t_{1s,2s}}\over{\partial \beta}}|_{\theta}$ vanish because the Shapiro delay $t_s$ depends only on $\theta$; there is no explicit dependence on $\beta$.

Now $t_p$ depends only on $\theta  -\beta$, so $\partial t_p/\partial \beta = -\partial t_p/\partial \theta $.
By Fermat's principle, which states that $t_p +t_s$ be a minimum over possible choices of $\theta $ for a given $\beta$,
\begin{equation}
\partial t_p/\partial \theta  = -\partial t_s/\partial \theta
\end{equation}
  and
\begin{equation}
\partial t_p /\partial \beta = \partial t_s/\partial \theta .
\end{equation}
so finally

\begin{flalign}\label{TDchangeT}
\Delta & =\left[{\partial{ t_{2p}}\over{\partial \beta}}|_{\theta} -  {\partial{ t_{1p}}\over{\partial \beta}}|_{\theta}\right]\delta \beta .
\end{flalign}

Using the second-order TD equation (\ref{usualT}) one obtains:
\begin{equation}\label{TDchangeTPointMass}
\Delta =\frac{(1+z_{\rm l})}{c}\,
  \frac{D_{\rm l}D_{\rm s}}{D_{\rm ls}}\,
  \left[(\theta_{2}-\theta_{1})\right]\delta \beta .
\end{equation}
Alternatively, for a point mass, following equation (\ref{eqTDScheinder}) and using the chain rule this can be written as:
\begin{equation}
\Delta =\frac{4GM}{c^3}(1+z_{l})\frac{\sqrt{u^2+4}}{\theta_{E}} \delta \beta,
\end{equation}
and for a SIS lens, this can also be written simply as:
\begin{equation}\label{TDchangeTSIS}
\Delta =\Delta t \frac{\delta \beta}{\beta},
\end{equation}
so that $\frac{\delta \beta}{\beta}$ is the fractional change in angular source position.

\subsection{Time delay for a redshift-drifting source and lens}
There also exists the possibility of keeping $\beta$ fixed while changing the distances by a constant, which is expected just from the Hubble expansion itself. Consider now a similar, repeating transient source that sends two pulses a and b, that arrive in two images, 1 and 2, per pulse.  We consider the change that occurs just due to the Hubble flow and assume that the source, lens, and observer remain at constant comoving coordinates, hence the angle $\beta$ does not change.  The change in the delay  $ \Delta t $ is given by

\begin{equation}
\Delta  = t_{b2} -t_{b1}  -t_{a2}  +t_{a1} = {{d t_2}\over{d t_o}}\delta t_o-{{dt_1}\over{d t_o}} \delta  t_o .
\end{equation}

Note that a change in an image's arrival time,  ${d t_i}\over{d t_o}$, is given by:
\begin{flalign}
{{d t_i}\over{d t_o}} & ={\partial{ t_{i,p}}\over{\partial \theta}}|_{R_o}\frac{d\theta}{dt_o}+{\partial{ t_{i,p}}\over{\partial R_o}}|_{\theta} \frac{dR_o}{dt_o} \\
& + {\partial{ t_{i,s}}\over{\partial \theta}}|_{z_l}\frac{d\theta}{dt_o}+ {\partial{ t_{i,s}}\over{\partial z_l}}|_{\theta} \frac{dz_l}{dt_o} \nonumber .
\end{flalign}

Now note that the terms proportional to $\frac{d\theta}{dt_o}$ cancel out due to Fermat's principle, so we are left with:
 \begin{equation}
{{d t_i}\over{d t_o}}={\partial{ t_{i,p}}\over{\partial R_o}}|_{\theta} \frac{dR_o}{dt_o} + {\partial{ t_{i,s}}\over{\partial z_l}}|_{\theta} \frac{dz_l}{dt_o}.
\end{equation}

Recall that
 \begin{equation}
\frac{dR_o}{dt}=R_o H_o,
\end{equation}
and
 \begin{equation}
\frac{dz_l}{dt_o}= (1+z_l)H_o - H(z_l),
\end{equation}

so that
 \begin{equation}
{{d t_i}\over{d t_o}}={\partial{ t_{i,p}}\over{\partial R_o}}|_{\theta} R_o H_o+ {\partial{ t_{i,s}}\over{\partial z_l}}|_{\theta} \left[(1+z_l)H_o - H(z_l)\right] .
\end{equation}

It is easy to see that
 \begin{equation}
{\partial{ t_{i,p}}\over{\partial R_o}}|_{\theta} R_o H_o = t_{i,p} H_o,
\end{equation}
and
 \begin{equation}
{\partial{ t_{i,s}}\over{\partial z_l}}=\frac{t_{i,s}}{(1+z_l)}.
\end{equation}
Therefore
 \begin{eqnarray}
&{{d t_i}\over{d t_o}}=t_{i,p} H_o+\frac{t_{i,s}}{(1+z_l)} \left[(1+z_l)H_o - H(z_l)\right] \nonumber \\
&=t_iH_o-\frac{t_{i,s}}{(1+z_l)} H(z_l) .
\end{eqnarray}

Hence the overall change in TD between the two images, among the two events, is given by:
\begin{equation}\label{radialfinal}
\Delta =\left[\Delta t H_o-\frac{(t_{2,s}-t_{1,s})}{(1+z_l)} H(z_l)\right] \delta  t_o .
\end{equation}

where $\delta  t_o =(t_b - t_a)$, $t_b$ and $t_a$ being the average (cosmic) arrival times of pulses b and a at the observer.

In a similar manner we can derivate  the second-order TD equation (\ref{usualTComoving}) with respect to the observed time:
\begin{eqnarray}
&dt/dt_o=\frac{dR_o}{dt_o}\frac{1}{c}\frac{\chi_{l}\chi_{s}}{\chi_{ls}} \left[\frac{1}{2}(\theta-\beta)^2-\psi(\theta)  \right]   \nonumber \\
&+\frac{R_o}{c}\frac{\chi_{l}\chi_{s}}{\chi_{ls}} \frac{d}{dt_o}\left[\frac{1}{2}(\theta-\beta)^2-\psi(\theta)  \right] \nonumber \\
&=tH_o+\frac{R_o}{c}\frac{\chi_{l}\chi_{s}}{\chi_{ls}}\frac{d}{dt_o}\left[\frac{1}{2}(\theta-\beta)^2-\psi(\theta)  \right].
\end{eqnarray}

For a point mass, recalling Fermat's principle, and that $\psi(\theta)=\frac{4GM}{c^{2}} \frac{\chi_{\rm ls}}{\chi_{\rm l}\chi_{\rm s}} \frac{1+z_l}{R_o}\ln{(\theta)}$, it is easy to show that
\begin{equation}
dt/dt_o=tH_o-\frac{R_o}{c}\frac{\chi_{\rm l}\chi_{\rm s}}{\chi_{\rm ls}}\psi(\theta)H(z_l)/(1+z_l),
\end{equation}
so that
\begin{equation}\label{TDchangeR}
\Delta =\left[\Delta t H_o-\frac{R_o}{c}\frac{\chi_{\rm l}\chi_{\rm s}}{\chi_{\rm ls}}\left(\psi(\theta_{1})-\psi(\theta_{2})\right)\frac{H(z_l)}{(1+z_l)}\right] \delta t_o,
\end{equation}
in agreement with equation (\ref{radialfinal}).

For a SIS lens, one obtains:
\begin{equation}\label{TDchangeRSIS}
\Delta =\left[\Delta t H_o + \frac{H(z_l)}{2(1+z_l)}\right] \delta t_o.
\end{equation}

\subsection{Time delay for a growing mass density}
The third option we examine is the effect of mass assembly on the TD. In other words we simply wish to measure the effect of a lens with increasing mass. As before we shall consider a repeating transient source that sends two pulses a and b, that arrive in two images, 1 and 2, per pulse. The small change in delay between the two multiple images of the source, due to a small increase in mass of the lens, is given by:
 \begin{equation} \label{mass}
 \Delta = {{d t_2}\over{d m}}\delta m-{{d t_1}\over{d m}}\delta m ,
\end{equation}
where the $\delta m$ is simply $dm/dt_0 (t_b-t_a)$, and the exact expression for ${d t_i}\over{d m}$ depends on the lens type (or the actual mass distribution).

For a point mass, differentiating equation (\ref{eqTDScheinder}) with respect to mass one obtains:
\begin{equation}
\Delta =\frac{4G}{c^3}(1+z_{l})\left[\tau(u) +M\frac{d\tau}{du}\frac{du}{d\theta_E}\frac{d\theta_E}{dM}\right] \delta M
\end{equation}

where
$\frac{d\tau}{du}=\sqrt{u^2+4}$; $\frac{du}{d\theta_E}=\frac{-\beta}{\theta_E^{2}}$; and $\frac{d\theta_E}{dM}=\frac{1}{2}\frac{\theta_E}{M}$,

so that
\begin{equation}\label{TDchangeM}
\Delta =\frac{4G}{c^3}(1+z_{l})\left[\tau(u) -\frac{u}{2}\sqrt{u^2+4}\right] \delta M .
\end{equation}

For a SIS lens one obtains:
\begin{equation}\label{TDchangeMSIS}
\Delta =\frac{\Delta t}{2} \frac{\delta M}{M} ,
\end{equation}
where $M$ in this case is the mass enclosed within the Einstein radius (equation (\ref{re})), and  $\frac{\delta M}{M}$ is simply the fractional change in this mass.
\\

\section{Results}\label{results}
We calculate the TD change, $\Delta$, over 1 year, for the three cases explored in the previous section: a transverse relative motion of the source and lens, a radial redshift drift with the Hubble flow, and a lens-mass increase, for different lens configurations (including different masses, redshifts, source positions, etc., for examples see Tables \ref{TablePointLens} and \ref{TableSISLens}). The results are calculated for a point mass using equations (\ref{TDchangeTPointMass}), (\ref{TDchangeR}), and (\ref{TDchangeM}), respectively, and for a SIS lens, using equations (\ref{TDchangeTSIS}), (\ref{TDchangeRSIS}), and (\ref{TDchangeMSIS}), respectively. We stress that all results are also verified numerically by simply calculating the TD, $\Delta t$, now, using equation (\ref{usualT}), and repeating the calculation for a year from now (i.e. after the relevant change is made), for the three cases. We also note that the choice of a year's time-span is arbitrary, and the results can be linearly scaled to any time period typical of the human lifetime. For the calculations we use the standard ${\Lambda\mathrm{CDM}}$ flat cosmological model with present-day Hubble constant, matter density and dark energy density, of $H_0 = 70$ $  \mathrm{km~s^{-1}~Mpc^{-1}}$, $\mathrm{\Omega_{m,0}}=0.3$, and $\mathrm{\Omega_{\Lambda,0}}=0.7$, respectively.

\subsection{Transverse displacement}\label{s:transverse}
We shall now examine a test case for a transverse displacement of the source compared to the observer-lens line-of sight. Note that in practice the source is the one we assume is moving with respect to the observer-lens line of sight, which entails only a small shift in the source position $\beta$. Note also that as we only aim to probe here the effect of the displacement of the source, we do not take into account the fact that the universe is slightly larger for the second event; an effect we will probe separately below (\S \ref{s:radial}). We thus check now how a slight transverse source displacement propagates into the TD, using test-case lensing configurations with a point-mass lens and a SIS lens, where the source moves transversely between, say, two repeating FRB events (let them be called a and b), each event being multiply imaged.

We also note that if the lens changes (i.e., moves) while the light travels from the source to us, this may additionally cause a slight frequency shift between the two images of either event. The frequency (or redshift) difference between two multiple images is of order $\beta_T\alpha$, with $\alpha$ the deflection angle and $\beta_T=v_{T}/c$ where $v_{T}$ is the transverse velocity of the lens relative to the observer-source line-of-sight. As discussed in previous work \citep[][see also \citealt{BirkinshawGull1983,Frittelli2003,Sereno2008,Molnar2013}]{Loeb1998}, for images of a source lensed by a galaxy (galaxy cluster) moving transversely with typical cosmic velocities, this frequency shift can translate into a measured radial velocity shift of order a few (few dozen) m/s between the multiple images.

Assume that the relative transverse velocity of the source in a rest-frame defined with respect to the observer-lens line-of-sight (LOS), is 500 km/s, so that in one year in the source plane it moves a proper distance of $1.58 \times 10^{10}$ km. For a source at $z_{s}=2$ each arcsecond corresponds to $\simeq2.58 \times 10^{17}$ km, so that the source moves in \emph{an observed} year, $\delta \beta = 0.61\times10^{-7}/(1+z_{s})= 0.2\times10^{-7}$ seconds of an arc with respect to the LOS to the lens. Therefore, to examine the change in the respective TDs of the two events (that is, to compare the TD between the two images of the first event, event a, with the TD between the two images of the second event, event b), we simply (numerically) calculate the above equation (\ref{usualT}), once for a source at a certain angular distance $\beta$ from the LOS, corresponding to event a, and then for a source at  $\beta +\delta \beta$ from the LOS, which is event b. The difference corresponds to $\Delta $ (equation (\ref{eqTDdif})), and matches that given by equation (\ref{TDchangeTPointMass}) and (\ref{TDchangeTSIS}) (the analytical expectations). We repeat the calculation and obtain $\Delta$ for various initial values of lens mass, source position, lens and source redshifts, etc. We obtain, for example, $\Delta\sim0.6$ sec for a $10^{12} M_{\odot}$ point mass lens, with $z_{l}=0.5$, $z_{s}=2.0$,  and for various values of $\beta$. For a more massive lens, $10^{13} M_{\odot}$, we obtain for various source positions differences of $\Delta\sim2$ sec between TDs of the two events. More lens configurations are seen in Tables \ref{TablePointLens} and \ref{TableSISLens}, including for a SIS lens. We conclude that the transverse motion causes a TD change of order a few seconds per year.

\subsection{Redshift drift}\label{s:radial}
Here again we assume two events multiply imaged each, a and b, separated by a certain time. We start with a lens at $z_{l}=0.5$ and $z_{s}=2.0$. With our said choice of cosmological parameters, the TD between the two images of event b, observed a year later than event a, is larger by $\simeq1\times10^{-4}$ sec than the TD between the two images of event a  -- for a small point mass of $10^{11} M_{\odot}$ and a source position of $\beta=0.3"$ (TD of about 32 days). Using a two-times larger angular source distance from the LOS increases the TD, and the TD difference, by about a factor of two, so that in that case $TD\sim66$ days, and $\Delta \simeq2.4\times10^{-4}$ seconds. Increasing the mass of the lens to $10^{12} M_{\odot}$, for example, yields TDs of about a year, and  - for observed events separated by, say, 5 years, $\Delta\simeq0.004$ sec if $\beta=0.6"$, or $\Delta \simeq0.01$ sec for $\beta=1.5"$. A SIS lens with similar masses yields, as expected, similar results (see Tables \ref{TablePointLens} and \ref{TableSISLens}). So the yearly TD change due to the redshift drift is, for most practical cases, of order $\Delta \sim 10^{-2}-10^{-4}$ sec.  This small change is detectable with FRBs, but could be masked by the much larger delay due to transverse motion, unless the larger effect, which is equally likely to be positive or negative, is somehow isolated and removed from the smaller effect, which always has the same sign.  As the ratio of the two effects is of order $10^3$, this would be challenging to say the least.

\subsection{Mass assembly}\label{s:mass}
As structures collapse more mass is being accreted or moves towards the center of the lens. This means that the lens mass effectively increases with time and we set to examine the effect on the measured TD in a similar fashion to the above. Given that a year constitutes about $\sim10^{-10}$ of the Hubble time, we aim to test what TD shift is caused by a mass increase of that order. We find in this case that for a $10^{12} M_{\odot}$ point lens, with $z_{l}=0.5$, $z_{s}=2.0$ and $\beta=1"$ (TD of about a year), the TD change is $ \Delta \simeq 0.0014$ sec. For a $\beta=0.3"$ (TD of about three months), for example, the TD change becomes $\simeq 4\times10^{-4}$ sec. Increasing the mass to $10^{13} M_{\odot}$, with $\beta=0.15"$ (TD of almost six months), $\Delta \simeq 7\times10^{-4}$ sec, and for $\beta=1"$ (TD of 3 years), $\Delta \simeq0.005$ sec per year.  Tables (\ref{TablePointLens} \& \ref{TableSISLens}) list few other examples for both point mass and SIS lens. The TD increases with lens mass and and source position so we conclude that overall, the yearly TD change due to growth of perturbations or mass assembly, is typically of order $\Delta \sim10^{-4}-10^{-2}$ for $\sim10^{11}- \sim10^{13}$ lenses for relevant source positions.

\section{Conclusions}\label{conclusions}
We have analytically and numerically examined the expected change in TD between two multiple images of a persisting or repeating lensed source across time. Using point-mass and SIS lenses, we have found that in as short a period as 1 year, a TD change of about a second (or $\sim 10^{-1}-10^{1}$ s), is expected for a transverse moving source with typical transverse velocities and lensed with typical galaxy or cluster masses; a TD change of $\sim10^{-4} -10^{-2}$ s is expected over this year just from the redshift drift with the Hubble flow; and a TD change of $\sim10^{-4} -10^{-2}$ s is expected from mass assembly as structures build up. The magnitude of all these effects is measurable. By accurately measuring the arrival time of multiply imaged, repeating FRB, real-time cosmology with FRBs could thus soon be feasible.

The most dominant effect is thus the TD change caused by a relative transverse motion between the observer, lens and source (which we simplified in practice to a source displacement). The sign of the TD change depends on the relative transverse velocity direction: if the source approaches the lens on the sky then the TD between multiple images will continuously decrease, whilst as the source moves away from the lens the TD will increase. Thus, if one were to measure the TD change over a course of some finite time, given the amplitude of the effect compared to the other two probed here, this will directly enable a measurement of the relative transverse velocity of the objects involved. In other words real-time measurement of transverse velocities could readily be done, if and when strongly lensed repeating FRBs are found.

One way to (partially) remove the effect of transverse velocities overcasting the redshift-drift effect, may be measuring the frequency shift expected due to the relative transverse velocity of the lens. In addition, statistically, since the source-lens relative displacement should be equal in all directions, this effect should average out to zero over a very large sample of sources.  In practice, though, the transverse velocities are likely to be the dominant effect in the near future.  Measuring the transverse velocities as a function of redshift, however, could be an important test of theories of cosmic structure formation.

We do not discuss here effects due to microlensing or other structural changes within the lenses, which are expected to affect the TDs \citep[e.g.][]{TieKochanek2018,Goldstein2018}; however, in fact, microlensing in the lensing galaxy has long been proposed as a means to measure the transverse velocity of the lensing galaxy relative to the observer-source line of sight \citep{Grieger1986TransverseMicrolensing,Gould1995TransverseMicorlensing,Mediavilla2016TravsverseMicrolensing}, and thus one can imagine such measurements could aid in recovering the underlying redshift-drift signal.

Lastly we comment on the ideal lenses used. In reality lenses will not be circular but approximately elliptical (for example, for galaxies) or more complex (e.g., for galaxy groups and clusters). For non-singular lenses, more than two images of a background source will often appear (especially if non-circular), which, while these might slightly complicate the interpretation in cases where there is no sufficient spatial resolution, they will also allow for more TD measurements per lensed source, including with shorter wait times (which would be important for some of the larger lenses).

We conclude that real-time processes in the universe might already be measured with current radio observation time resolution, and particularly, using repeating, lensed FRBs, which easily allow time resolution down to 1 millisecond, and possibly  even better \citep[e.g.,][]{Zheng2014FRBs,Eichler2017FRBs}. The dominant effect, led by the relative motion of the lens and the source, is readily measurable with current instruments, while the smaller (but no less important) effects of redshift-drift and mass build-up will have to be distinguished  statistically or by new means. Potentially, other persisting or repeating sources, such as distant quasars, lensed gamma-ray bursts with radio counterparts (\citealt{Barnacka2016GRB} and references therein), or other speculative examples such as cosmological pulsars \citep{Kim2015RealTimeCosmology}, might also become useful sometime in the near future. \\
\\

We thank J. Wagner for helpful discussions. Some of our distance calculations rely on useful scripts by \citet{Ofek2014Matlab}. We acknowledge the support of the Israel Science Foundation, the Israel-U.S. Binational Science Foundation, and the Joan and Robert Arnow Chair of Theoretical Astrophysics for financial support of this research.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Compare the best TVs based on expert reviews, price, smart features, frame rate, native resolution, screen technology, aspect ratio, dimensions, and more.
FreakTab.com is a place where people who like to mess with Android OS Tablets of any brand can learn about their Tablets as well as learn how to get them most from them.
Provide Your Own | Take charge of your own life!


The Real Housewives of Potomac debuted on Bravo on January 17th, 2016, to hopeful reviews and a refreshingly refined new energy for the Real Housewives franchise. The cast of 6 highbrow housewives all bring a different air to the table and are making a name for themselves in the ultra-exclusive community of Potomac, Maryland. Although the gated communities in which these ladies live are in a drama free zone, the cast hasn't quite figured how to keep the drama out of their circle of friendship. Thus far, their first season is filled with catty etiquette obsessed exchanges and salacious revelations about finances, marriages and racial identity. Although the ladies disagree and bicker, they are keeping a handle on the heated physical confrontations that other casts have participated in, to a minimum. Being all-black female cast of women, they have grown use to the comparison of their sister cast from Atlanta, although they'd like to make it clear that they are carving out their own lane as housewives.
By being the new kids on the block so to speak, there always comes some sensitivity to hearing the thoughts and reactions of the other cast mates, but according to Ashley Darby the youngest cast member, she feels as though the friendships are "organic" although they go through their fair share of bumps, she in particular is still getting to know all the ladies on a more personal level and is happy about how their friendships have progressed over time. Even though Ashley is one of the new comers to the group, 4 out of the 6 ladies have had extended friendships with each other prior to starting the show. One difference that the women maintain is that their foundations as friends has been long standing, so there is a mutual respect for each other, which allows them to maintain the friendships even in spite of the occasional bad blood.
According to one of the series break out stars, Gizelle Bryant- "These are people I consider my friends, do I agree with everything that they think and they feel? No, but I respect who they are and I love hanging around them and you'll see that we really have a good time when we are together".
While cast member Charrisse Jackson-Jordan, recognizes that her dismissive reactions to conflict isn't always the best way to handle situations and the show has exposed, what she feels is a personal weakness that perhaps she didn't recognize before. However, at the end of the day she proclaims "I am who I am".
Robyn Dixon, one of the more low-key cast members deals with conflict by "not taking things too personally- "I like to look at people as human beings and recognizing that no one is perfect, I like to address it by being direct". With the world wind that is being on one of the most popular reality shows brands, most of these ladies seem to be un-phased by their new notoriety and are all open to the new opportunities and platform that they have been provided by being on the show.
The future of RHOP is still untold, but we will have to stay tuned to see how their stories unfold. The show airs Sunday nights at 9pm on Bravo and Bravo's own Any Cohen, who is the executive producer of the show, asserts "'The Real Housewives of Potomac' is the show you never saw coming, and it's going to take everyone by surprise,".
For more info on the Real Housewives of Potomac, please visit http://www.bravotv.com/the-real-housewives-of-potomac.
Top 10 things to do when you're about to say "I Do"
The perfect wedding hairstyles for your BIG day!


Check out our VIP Prediction for Orleans vs Clermont Foot!
Orleans and Clermont Foot will be face to face this Friday in Ligue 2 at 18:00 so try not to miss it.
Orleans is ranked on the 14th place in the standings with 43 points, 40 goals scored and 47 goals received in the last 37 leaguegames. They have failed to win 16 of their last 37 matches in Ligue 2.In their last match they lost against Le Havre. Orleans lost 2 of their last 5 matches before this event with Clermont Foot.
The attacking skills of Orleans are mild, they won 2events from the last 5 played.
Clermont Foot are ranked on the 17th place in the standings with 41 points, 42 goals scored and 48 goals received this season in Ligue 2.In their last match they draw against Valenciennes. Clermont Foot lost 2 of their last 5 matches before this match with Orleans.
The attacking skills of Clermont Foot are very bad, they couldn't win at least one game from the last 5 they played. Their attack is in a very bad shape right now and we don't think they will be able to score in this game against Orleans.
On this page you can find our predictions & bettings tips for the match between Orleans and Clermont Foot. Our predictions for Orleans vs Clermont Foot are based on a large number of factors such as direct meetings, Orleans last matches, Clermont Foot last matches, Orleans lineup, Clermont Foot lineup, standings, insider informations and so on. By visiting our website daily you will increase your winning chances. All the predictions posted here have a huge rate of success!


It landed in a tree!! No problem, get the chain saw, then pluck the payload from the top of the tree while standing on the ground!
Look, Ma! We got back the balloon, the parachute and the payload!
The whole gang poses for a post-recovery and firewood sawing photo.


Soaring performance, meticulous craftsmanship and cosseting luxury are now combined with the pure hedonism of open-air motoring to create a dazzling and unique driving experience.
Some cars like to shout for attention, but the Vanquish Volante has an effortless charisma. It is always center stage, but never overbearing, and exudes the unique Aston Martin elegance. The Volante has an understated, timeless, movie-star quality.
With a light but incredibly stiff aluminum structure and clothed in a suit of carbon-fiber, the Volante retains the precision of its exceptional coupe sibling, yet brings the driver closer to the elements and closer to its magnificent AM29 V12 engine.
Powered by the advanced AM29 V12 engine with acceleration of 3.8 seconds – 0–60mph (0–100 km/h in 4 seconds) - and peak power of 576 horsepower, the Volante shows no signs of compromise and the Power of Luxury truly comes to life.
The sumptuous, bespoke interior connects you so completely with the car, yet isolates from fatigue like only this Super GT knows how to do. Designed to pamper you, with unrivaled comfort and crafted from the finest natural materials, Vanquish Volante offers a uniquely opulent driving environment. The perfect place too, for the world to watch you glide effortlessly past.


I was searching shaved ice cream shops and found Grace Street with good reviews.
It's in Koreatown and they have a bunch of sweets with coffee and teas.
We arrived at the space a little bit before 4:30 PM on Saturday and 90% of the seats was taken but there're some people who leave the space after they finish eating, thus, it wasn't hard to find a table; my husband ordered and I got a table = teamwork.
After 6 PM, they starts Table Service which each customer is required to spend minimum 5 dollars and able to stay up to 1 hour seating.
After placing order and paying, they provided 3 pagers; 2 shaved snow and 1 french toast.
We ordered both cold and hot items, and to be able to receive whatever was ready was very nice as we didn't have to worry about eating melted or cooled-down dishes.
Thinly shaved green tea ice cream was airy and also had icy texture.
It's similar to what Snowdays serves, but this ice cream quickly lost the fluffy texture and became wet, and it might be because this contained more water.
There're a lot of toppings besides sauce, which was nice.
My husband chose Sweet Milk + Strawberry + Banana + Fruity Pebbles.
The fruits looked fresh and cereals were crispy, but he said he should have gotten some drizzles in place of one of the toppings he chose.
Crispy brioche + 100% grade A maple syrup + berries + vanilla ice cream.
The crust of the brioche was crispy and the bread was soft, but the slice didn't absorb egg wash enough so that it's a bit dried.
With maple syrup and melted vanilla ice cream, the dryness was covered and the warm and cold combination was enjoyable.
Overall, I thought it's a bit pricey but considering the location and quality, I think it's not that bad.


text:
Star Objects
Model of the 'Great Eastern'
Small wooden model of Isambard Kingdom Brunel's ship the 'Great Eastern'.
Designed by Brunel in 1858 and built by J. Scott Russell and Co. at Millwall on the River Thames, the 'Great Eastern' was then the biggest ship ever built. She had the capacity to carry 4000 passengers from Great Britain to Australia without refueling.
After several years operating as a passenger liner between Britain and North America, she was converted into a telegraph cable laying ship. She laid the successful Transatlantic telegraph cable of 1866 (under the command of Captain James Anderson) and a section of the telegraph cable on the route from Porthcurno to Bombay (now Mumbai, India) in 1870. The ship was broken up in Liverpool in 1889.
Not currently on display.
Dimensions: (H X W X D mm): 400 x 1000 x 200
ID: 2002PK039
Explore other Collections
Artwork The Cable and Wireless Archive contains a small collection of artwork. This includes large portraits of some of the telegraph companies' Managing Directors, including Sir John Pender who created the company that laid the first telegraph cable from Porthcurno to Bombay in 1870. His portrait was painted by the British painter Hubert von Herkomer.…
Artwork Find out more
Cable & Wireless The Cable and Wireless Archive contains a wide range of historic material relating to the development of international communications business and technology, dating from the 1850s to the present day. The archive includes corporate, financial, and publicity records, promotional films, maritime records regarding cableships, and engineers reports for the laying and repair of telegraph…
Cable & Wireless Find out more
Cable Samples The museum holds a large collection of cable samples dating from the beginning of undersea telegraphy to modern day fibre optics. One of the earliest is a section of the first cable laid between England and France in 1850. The collection also contains samples of early telephone cables including the first Transatlantic telephone cable…
Cable Samples Find out more
Cableship models The museum holds a range of cableship models, both large and small. Many models were made by the ship yard prior to the building of the full sized cableship. Cableships were used to lay undersea cables and to repair cables when they became faulty. The largest cableship was the 'Great Eastern' designed by Isambard…
Cableship models Find out more

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


General dentist, Kenneth Tirone, DDS, in Pittsford, NY.
Offering restorative dentistry, dental implants, crowns, dentures and root canals.
Dental Implants – an ideal solution for patients missing teeth.
Dental Crowns – when a tooth is severely damaged or decayed, dental crowns act as a protective covering, making your natural tooth stronger and improving its function and appearance.
Dental Bridges – for one or more missing teeth, dental bridges literally "bridge the gap" between remaining teeth, stabilizing the jaw by surrounding those teeth with attractive crowns.
Dentures – If you've lost all of your natural teeth, a denture is a viable option. Replacing missing teeth will benefit your appearance and your health. A denture will help keep your facial muscles from sagging, which can make your look older. Plus, it will help you eat better and speak more clearly. There are many types of dentures to complete your smile.
Root Canal – infected tissues in the tooth pulp, or center of your tooth where the nerve lies, can cause severe pain and may eventually lead to tooth loss. Root canal therapy is designed to remove infected tissue with the goal of saving the tooth.
Full-Mouth Reconstruction – patients with severe dental problems often require a full-mouth reconstruction. Dr. Ken can perform full-mouth reconstructions that involve both cosmetic and restorative dentistry solutions to improve the health, function and appearance of your smile.


text:
Augusto Farfus shows strong race performance in the streets of Macau.
Augusto Farfus and BMW Team Schnitzer returned to the legendary 'Guia Circuit' in Macau where they celebrated the sensational win in the FIA GT World Cup last year. This time, Farfus had challenging races after had finished qualifying in 12th position, but with a strong performance in the #42 BMW M6 GT3 he claimed fourth places in both the qualification race and in the main race.
The weekend on the tight and twisty 6,120-kilometre street circuit started with two practice sessions and qualifying on Friday. The day brought 12th on the grid for Saturday's qualification race. The driver from Curitiba knew that it would be a challenge on this track to chase towards the front positions – but he did.
Farfus gave a flawless display in the qualification race and crossed the finish line in fourth place. The safety car made several appearances to neutralise the field after crashes. Farfus had already climbed into eighth place by the end of the opening lap. He gained another couple of positions when Mercedes drivers Maro Engel and Edoardo Mortara collided and crashed out, and promptly passed Audi racer Christopher Haase at the re-start following the second safety car period. Farfus then defended fourth place through to the finish.
"You need a little luck in Macau, but you have to be able to take advantage of that good fortune," Farfus commented after the qualification race. "We did that today. Our strategy was good. After the opening lap, it was all about staying calm and not taking too many risks. As we got further into the race, I was able to make even more progress through the field."
For Sunday's main race in the FIA GT World Cup, Farfus set his sights on the podium. Starting from fourth, he tried to make his way into the top three when the lights went off but had to settle with fourth for the first part of the race. His chance came with another safety car period. At the re-start, he took the opportunity and overtook Earl Bamber (Porsche). The New Zealander took third place back from him shortly after however, the order then remaining the same right through to the finish.
"There was nothing more we could have done today," Farfus said after the main race. "We needed a good start to immediately make progress through the field. However, the Porsche drivers were clever and managed to stay in front of me. After that, it was tough for me to match the pace of the front-runners. I took a bit more of a risk at the re-start after the safety car period and was able to briefly take third place. However, I then braked a little too late coming into Lisboa, and found myself back in fourth as a result. It would have been tough to keep Earl Bamber behind me for the rest of the race anyway. If somebody had told me after the first practice sessions that we would finish fourth here, I would have taken that straight away. As it stands, we are a little disappointed now. You always want to make it onto the podium. Despite that, we can be proud of our performance. I would like to thank the whole team at BMW Team Schnitzer."
There is no rest for the wicked as Farfus and BMW Team Schnitzer will now travel straight to South Africa for the season finale of the International GT Challenge that will be held at Kyalami this coming weekend.


What if the sea was entirely broccoli and guacamole?? Could you eat your way to shore? I think I could. And that broccoli is just waiting for a rescue.
Using vegetables—and in this case broccoli—instead of chips is the way to go for me.
I can devour a bag of chips during an evening. No control.
I love buying the good-ingredient-list guacamoles (or make your own) for these kind of snack sessions. If you go to Costco you can even pick up mini individual packs that are about 80 calories. Pair that with a sandwich size bag of mixed vegetables and it is snackfection!
Today I had sugar snap peas and guac. Be still my heart – what a great combo. The subtle sweetness and crunch of the peas with savoriness of the guacamole was amazing.
I, like you, can eat my weight in guacamole and having been raised in New Mexico, salsa also has a special place in my heart. I struggle to find replacements for chips because nothing is quite as good as a freshly baked tortilla chip, but I recently discovered that broccoli can serve as a great dipper for salsa as well! Just break off each little tree and swipe through your favorite salsa! Broccoli's subtle flavor doesn't conflict with the salsa, and the crunch in each bite is very similar to eating chips as well (slice each tree in half for smaller bites).
I try to eat as healthy as possible (when I'm able to resist the chips), so I just thought I'd share my discovery!


text:
Malaysia Masters: Saina Nehwal's commanding semifinal win shows she is getting back to her best
Sports Shirish Nadkarni Jan 22, 2017 10:13:59 IST
Indomitable will. Fierce competitive spirit. Unrelenting hard work. Call it what you will, Saina Nehwal's rehabilitation from a horrible, career-threatening knee injury gathered further momentum at the Malaysia Masters Grand Prix Gold tournament, when she coasted into the women's singles final with a brilliant 21-13, 21-10 win over Hong Kong's No 5 seed, Yip Pui Yin, in a shade over the half-hour mark.
Saina Nehwal in action during the Malaysia Masters. AP
Exhibiting a trace of tentativeness in her lunging movements to the net at the start of the contest, the 26-year-old gradually settled into a rhythm, and then simply ran away with the match. In terms of duration, the clash lasted about as long as most encounters in the Premier Badminton League, wherein the truncated, TV-friendly 11-point scoring format was employed, and where the average match was done and dusted in about half an hour's time.
The result took the record of Saina's hegemony over Yip to 7-2, with the Indian having won their last half-dozen encounters, all in straight games, and all for the loss of minimal points. It was when the two had first met a decade ago, shortly after Saina made her international debut at the age of 16, that the Hong Kong girl, then 19, had scored a 21-19, 21-18 win at the 2007 Swiss Open.
Yip's only other win over the Indian had come in the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou when she had just got her nose over the line, ahead of her younger rival at 21-19 in the deciding game. Thereafter, on the six occasions that they crossed swords in the subsequent four years, it was always Saina who strode away to majestic triumphs, the most recent being a comprehensive 21-9, 21-10 rout in the 2014 Uber Cup team championships.
There was little initial indication of the similar hatchet job that Saina turned their Malaysia Masters semi-final eventually into, when both players slugged it out on fairly even terms in the first half of the opening game.
Ever since she returned to the international circuit at the China Open last November, Saina has metamorphosed into a slow starter, taking her own sweet time to sink her teeth into a match.
In fact, it was the 29-year-old circuit veteran who dominated the early exchanges, recovering from a slightly nervous 1-4 start to streak ahead to 7-4 and then 9-6, as her top-seeded opponent struggled to put her full weight on the right knee while getting to the net to retrieve Yip's sharp drops.
Gradually, though, Saina began moving on the court with greater smoothness, and started reaching Yip's drops increasingly earlier, thereby mounting pressure on her Hong Kong-based opponent to read her strokes – either the net dribble or the lofted clear, or even the adroit, if rare, crosscourt net drop reminiscent of Taiwan's Tai Tzu Ying. Any slightly short return was punished with a body smash, Saina's signature stroke.
From 11-12 in that opening stanza, Saina showed the noisy Sarawak crowd that there was only one player in the match. So comprehensive was her dominance, that she won 16 of the next 17 points – a feat almost unheard of in a format which awards a point for every rally played. The Indian streaked to a 21-13 win, and then opened out a handy 6-0 lead before the shell-shocked Yip could even catch her breath.
One particular rally, which netted Saina the fifth point in the second game, was indicative of the improvement in her movement on the court, and the confidence she had over the joint that had caused her so much distress in recent months.
From a defensive position on the forehand baseline corner, when the shuttle was just over her shoulder, the Indian put her full weight on the recently-recovered knee, and sliced a fast crosscourt drop to Yip's forehand net corner. When her opponent managed to loft the shuttle flat and deep to her backhand baseline, the Indian performed a swift three-step sideways dance to catch the bird with her forehand and blast an overhead crosscourt smash that a back-pedalling Yip just could not reach.
Any good player will reveal just how difficult is this combination of shots. Even allowing that a player is quick enough to take the flat clear with the forehand, rather than a defensive backhand, the logical counter-stroke would be a down-the-line shot, be it a drop, smash or toss. The strength needed in the knees to get the body's balance right, even as the player twists her entire body to obtain the torque for executing a crosscourt overhead smash, is immense.
That one stroke showed just how far the doughty Saina has come, along the road to recovery, since being forced to go under the knife last September, at the end of her unhappy Rio Olympic medal quest, when she went down to unheralded Ukrainian Marija Ulitina. Saina, as a consistent top-tenner over the past five years, had been in a different league from Ulitina, and the manner of her loss was indicative of the trouble she was having with that gammy right knee.
Indeed, the orthopedic surgeon who operated on the knee had expressed amazement that the Indian had even taken to the court with the knee being in the condition it was. And probably, had it not been the Olympics, which comes round just once in four years, and is the competition which every elite athlete wants to win, Saina would probably have given the event a miss.
The fact that she played in a Grand Prix Gold tournament, which is really a second-tier competition that she would not ordinarily have entered, showed Saina's determination to work her way back to full fitness methodically. It is so much easier to win matches against opposition that it not in the elite BWF list. Saina played well within herself against Yip Pui Yin, and still possessed enough firepower to win the match at a canter, and make a final assault on the Malaysia Masters title.
Tags : Badminton, Malaysia Masters, Malaysia Masters Grand Prix Gold, Rio Olympics 2016, Saina Nehwal, SportsTracker, Yip Pui Yin
Indonesia Open 2019: PV Sindhu aims to end season's title drought; Kidambi Srikanth hopes to test form and fitness
Tokyo Olympics 2020: Kidambi Srikanth says Olympic medal his 'ultimate aim', hopes to flourish in events along the way
Star shuttler PV Sindhu hopeful of reviving sagging fortunes at Indonesia Open and other upcoming events
Canada Open: Parupalli Kashyap, Sourabh Verma register impressive wins to enter men's singles quarter-finals
1Malaysia Masters: Saina Nehwal's commanding semifinal win shows she is getting back to her best


Any way you slice it, U.S. companies and their compliance teams are being pushed to the max. One quarter remains until the first batch of companies, and their auditors, must attest to their internal controls as required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Controls are being rethought and remade as internal tests reveal weaknesses, and for many the last leg of the process–external auditors showing up at your door–is finally within sight.


text:
Displaying items by tag: Irish Coast Guard
Warnings After Laser Light Strikes Coastguard Helicopter
The Irish Coast Guard has warned over the dangers of laser pointers after a rescue helicopter was targeted during a training operation on Tuesday evening (28 May).
According to TheJournal.ie, Rescue 115 was conducting manoeuvres north of Doolin at around 10.18pm when the green laser light was flashed against the aircraft "multiple times".
In this instance the flight was not interrupted, but gardaí are investigating and the coastguard has reiterated the dangers of flashing potentially blinding lights at any aircraft.
A recent spate of laser pointer incidents has been reported at Belfast International Airport. TheJournal.ie has more on that story HERE.
Published in Coastguard
Irish Coast Guard
Rescue 115
Howth Coast Guard Rescues Two People & Dog Cut Off By Tide
Yesterday afternoon (Sunday 19 May) the Irish Coast Guard's Howth unit was diverted from exercise to rescue two people and a dog who were cut off by the rising tide.
The crew immediately responded and began a search for the casualties who were were quickly located, taken aboard the boat and returned to a safe location ashore.
"The callers did the right thing when they realised they were in trouble: they called 112 and asked for the coastguard," said Howth Coast Guard in a statement.
The Irish Coast Guard issued a reminder for people to be careful walking on shorelines in fine weather, as tides can rise quickly and cut one off from the shore faster than expected.
If you find yourself in this situation, immediately call 112 or 999 and ask for the coastguard.
Howth
Missing Tourist Found 'Safe And Well' After Major Air & Sea Search In West Cork
Castletownbere's RNLI lifeboat sprang into action to help locate a tourist reported missing on Dursey Island in West Cork yesterday afternoon (Friday 17 May).
The lifeboat, under the command of coxswain Dean Hegarty, launched shortly after 2pm after Valentia Coast Guard radio received reports that a visitor to the island off the Beara Peninsula had gone missing.
Also tasked were the Shannon-based Irish Coast Guard helicopter Rescue 115, Derrynane Inshore Rescue Boat and the Naval Service vessel LÉ Ciara.
Once on scene, the lifeboat commenced a search of the area while Rescue 115 did a sweep of the island and spotted a person who fitted the description of the casualty.
The coastguard helicopter lowered a winchman and confirmed that the casualty was safe and well. All emergency services were then stood down.
Commenting on the callout, launching authority Paddy O'Connor said: "We are delighted at the very swift response of the crew and that the casualty was located safe and well."
Published in Rescue
Baltimore Lifeboat In Medical Evacuation From Sherkin Island
#Lifeboats - Baltimore RNLI carried out a medevac on Thursday night (11 April) from Sherkin Island off the coast of West Cork.
The volunteer crew launched their all-weather lifeboat following a request from the Irish Coast Guard at 9.29pm to provide medical assistance and evacuation to an islander living on Sherkin.
Conditions at sea during the callout were calm with good visibility and no sea swell.
The lifeboat arrived at Sherkin pier at 9.45pm, the casualty was brought onboard and the lifeboat departed the island within four minutes, handing the casualty over to the care of HSE ambulance crew at 10.08pm.
Speaking following the callout, Kate Callanan, Baltimore RNLI volunteer lifeboat press officer, said: "Baltimore RNLI regularly provides the vital service of medical evacuations (medevacs) for residents and visitors to local islands such as Sherkin, Cape Clear and Heir.
"If you find yourself in need of medical assistance, call 999 or 112 and ask for the coastguard."
Elsewhere, volunteer lifeboat crews from the Aran Islands and Galway RNLI participated in a multi-agency training exercise on Galway Bay this week.
The all-weather lifeboat from Aran Islands RNLI and the inshore lifeboat from Galway Bay RNLI were among the many emergency service agencies that took part in a maritime mass rescue exercise.
The scenario training, which saw the lifeboat crew practise an evacuation of survivors from a seagoing ferry in a busy shipping lane, was organised as part of a multi-agency exercise co-ordinated by the Irish Coast Guard.
Among the other agencies involved were the Irish Coast Guard rescue helicopters located at Sligo and Shannon, Doolin/Inisheer Boat Unit, Costello Bay, Killaloe, Kilkee and Cleggan Coast Guard units, Galway Fire Service and the HSE.
Published in RNLI Lifeboats
Sherkin Island
Rescue 116 Captain 'Would Be So Proud' Of Young Son, Says Sister On Tragedy's Second Anniversary
An Irish Coast Guard captain lost in the Rescue 116 tragedy two years ago would be "would be so proud of the little boy" her young son has become.
The sister of Capt Dara Fitzpatrick was speaking on RTÉ Radio 1's Ray D'Arcy Show yesterday afternoon (Wednesday 13 March) on the eve of the second anniversary of the crash that took the lives of Dara and three other coastguard helicopter crew.
Earlier this month two new stamps were issued in tribute to Capt Fitzpatrick, Capt Mark Duffy, winch operator Paul Ormsby and winchman Ciaran Smith as well as coastguard volunteer Caitríona Lucas who died on a rescue mission a few months previously.
Niamh Fitzpatrick said Dara's son Fionn was only a baby at the time of the incident on 14 March 2017, but until her death "she gave him such a foundation, she'd be so proud of that".
She added that the family has found the time around the anniversary "tough", explaining: "It's shock the first year, with the trauma, as well as grief and it's almost like you have to deal with that first before you deal with the grief."
TheJournal.ie has more on the story HERE.
New Irish Coast Guard Stamps Based On Painting By Late Volunteer Caitríona Lucas
#Coastguard - Two new postage stamps in tribute to the Irish Coast Guard are based on a painting by a volunteer who died in service, as the Sunday Independent reports.
The painting by Caitríona Lucas, who died during a rescue operation off Kilkee in September 2016, has been adapted into a tribute to both her and the crew of the coastguard helicopter Rescue 116 who were lost in March 2017.
Two stamps show separately a rendering of the Sikorsky S-92 helicopter, and an Irish Coast Guard rescue boat similar to what Caitríona had crewed.
The commemorative stamps were launched at the GPO last week by members of the coastguard and Caitríona's widower Bernard.
In a joint statement, coastguard units in Skerries, Dun Laighaire and Greystones said their thoughts are with the families of Caitríona, Capt Dara Fitzpatrick, Capt Mark Duffy, winch operator Paul Ormsby and winchman Ciaran Smith.
"This gesture by An Post is heartwarming to us all," they added.
Caitriona Lucas
Rosslare Harbour Lifeboat Assists In Evacuation Of Ferry Passenger Taken Ill On Late Night Crossing
#Lifeboats - The RNLI's all-weather lifeboat based in Rosslare Harbour was launched at 10.38pm on Saturday night (2 March) to assist a passenger onboard an Irish Ferries vessel bound for Pembroke in Wales.
The passenger ferry Oscar Wilde, which was located 20 miles off the Wexford coast at the time, asked for assistance in evacuating a passenger who had become ill.
Sea conditions were unfavourable for the volunteers on the Rosslare Harbour lifeboat to go alongside the ferry.
The Irish Coast Guard helicopter Rescue 117 from Waterford was also tasked and quickly arrived on scene. After attempts to airlift the casualty it was deemed too dangerous.
The Oscar Wilde returned to Rosslare Europort at 1am, where an ambulance was waiting to bring the casualty to hospital. The RNLI volunteers in their Severn class lifeboat stood by the passenger ferry for the duration.
Sea conditions were very poor at the time, with a strong Force 7 to 8 gale and heavy rain.
Coxswain Eamonn O'Rourke commented that the volunteer crew of the lifeboat had to endure very challenging conditions.
Speaking afterwards, Rosslare Harbour RNLI lifeboat operations manager David Maloney said: "Conditions at sea tonight were challenging for our coxswain and lifeboat crew and I would like to commend them for their efforts in enduring a rough passage in the dark, and late at night on a Saturday evening, to be of assistance."
Rosslare Harbour
Irish Ferries
'Months' Before Final Report On Rescue 116 Is Completed
As the second anniversary of the Rescue 116 tragedy approaches, it has emerged that a draft final report into the incident is still months away from completion, according to the Irish Examiner.
The four crew of the Sikorsky S-92 search and rescue helicopter were lost after the crash at Blackrock island off Co Mayo on 14 March 2017.
As previously reported on Afloat.ie, Capt Dara Fitzpatrick died shortly after she was recovered from the scene. The body of Capt Mark Duffy was recovered almost two weeks later. Winch operator Paul Ormsby and winchman Ciaran Smith were lost at sea.
The latest news from the Air Accident Investigation Unit (AAUI) was an interim statement released almost a year agostatement released almost a year ago, which called for "a thorough review of search and rescue aviation operations in Ireland".
Recommendations from a subsequently commissioned oversight review were accepted by Transport Minister Shane Ross in September last year.
The AAIU has now confirmed that a second interim statement will not be published by 14 March this year, citing work on a draft final report being "at an advanced stage".
The Irish Examiner has more on the story HERE.
AAIU
No More Blue Lights & Sirens For Irish Coast Guard Road Vehicles Under New Directive
Irish Coast Guard staff have been ordered to cease their use of blue lights and sirens with their road vehicles when travelling to incidents, as TheJournal.ie reports.
The new directive says risks associated with the use of so-called 'blues and twos' by coastguard vehicles "need to be mitigated".
From now on only those trained to the highest level under the voluntary Emergency Services Driving Standard will be permitted to use lights and sirens when driving.
The directive reportedly makes no mention of any such training being provided to Irish Coast Guard personnel.
The "significant" change has been flagged as a concern by volunteers who fear they could become stuck in traffic when on route to an incident that may be a matter of life and death.
According to the Dept of Transport we're still a principal emergency service of Ireland. 999 we'll be there in a while - I know you're hanging onto a sea cliff, we're just queuing in tourist traffic at the moment. https://t.co/3qXcOTtCnH
— Robin Blandford (@robinb) February 20, 2019
Waves 'As High As Two Buses' During Storm Erik: Irish Coast Guard
Waves as high as two buses battered a Russian vessel off Dingle yesterday (Friday 8 February) as the Irish Coast Guard launched a double rescue during Storm Erik.
BreakingNews.ie reports on comments made by coastguard divisional controller Derek Flanagan regarding its operations to assist the Russian ship with 91 people on board, which has list power 230 miles south-west of the Kerry port town — as well as an Irish fishing vessel 120 miles west of Dingle that suffered significant damage after a large wave strike.
"Our biggest concern is the danger that these waves represent to the vessels; the likelihood of injury to crews working aboard these vessels is increased quite a lot as they try to contend with those weather conditions," said Flanagan, who noted that the 10-metre seas faced by the Russian crew were "probably as high as too buses together".
BreakingNews.ie has more on the story HERE.
Published in Weather
Storm Erik


its ability to meet up with its fans. An attractive strategy makes an attractive business. It brings synchronization in addition to improves collaboration and verbal exchanges. Big brands are always ready for the future and know that will business can have to endure critical economic phases where simply a good business strategy may also help.
has seen several stages of economic and geopolitical turbulence. Without a great strategy, it becomes difficult to face the changing winds. It is a time where all the previous ideas from innovation to globalization are increasingly being challenged. It is the time of disruptive innovation in addition to brands like Uber and Air BnB have found growth only through great business ideas and small business strategies.
technology cannot help an individual win. Several brands have failed on this highly competitive world only for the reason that made financial investments nonetheless when it came for you to strategy theirs was less strong than their competitors. The number of your most significant competitors is always few and if you want to win you must have got a stronger strategy than these.
strengths can be brought about through using a good business management strategy. Organizations that use a complex business strategy and also organizational structure, find that it is hard to change direction if a change happens.
propositions, it becomes difficult for the existing businesses to be tossed about gear and such businesses crumble.


text:
Posted on April 11, 2017 April 11, 2017 by Rob Borkowski — Leave a comment
Whitehouse, Reed, Langevin, Avedisian Call for More Coastal Infrastructure Investment
[CREDIT: RI CRMC] A left, red shows predicted flooding during a present day 100-year storm event. At right, the coastal flooding predicted after a sea level rise of 7 feet, expected by the end of the century.
WARWICK, RI — In the event of a 100-year storm, the Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council predicts parts of West Shore Road would be under water, effectively turning the Warwick Neck neighborhood into a temporary island, a local example of the need for coastal infrastructure investment Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse and the RI Congressional delegation is asking for with Mayor Scott Avedisian's support.
Whitehouse, Sen. Jack Reed, Congressman Jim Langevin and Avedisian met at Conimicut State Park Monday morning to call for public support for Whitehouse's National Oceans and Coastal Security Fund, designed to make roads and bridges more resilient.
"Rhode Island's infrastructure needs a lot of investment to get back to a healthy state, let alone to prepare for rising seas and increasingly severe weather," said Senator Whitehouse, a member of the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee. "We are the Ocean State, and our way of life and economy rely on critical infrastructure in coastal communities like Warwick. Investing in infrastructure is a bipartisan issue, and I look forward to working with my Senate colleagues and the administration to create jobs, ensure safe roads, protect our communities, and lift the economy."
Scientists predict the need for such investment is likely to increase through the next several decades.
[CREDIT: NOAA] A graph showing sea level rise during the last few decades, which is predicted to continue throughout the century.
According to the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), global sea level has been rising over the past century, with the rate increasing in recent years. In 2014, global sea level was 2.6 inches above the 1993 average. Sea level continues to rise at a rate of about one-eighth of an inch (3.2 mm) per year, due to a combination of melting glaciers and ice sheets, and thermal expansion of seawater as it warms.
Higher sea levels cause storm surges to push further inland than they once did, causing more frequent nuisance flooding. Nuisance flooding is estimated to be between 300 percent to 900 percent more frequent within U.S. coastal communities than it was 50 years ago, NOAA reports. Hundred-year flood events, such as the 2010 flood which struck Rhode Island and dealt the City of Warwick a harsh blow, are expected to become more frequent due to climate change and sea level rise, researchers from MIT and Princeton University predict.
In 2012, NOAA scientists concluded there is a greater than 90 percent chance that global mean sea level will rise between 8 inches and 6.6 feet by 2100. In March of this year, the Washington Post reported scientists published a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences predicting the rate of sea level increase could double to 1/4 inch (6 millimeters) per year by 2040, accelerated by melting in Greenland and Antarctica.
President Donald Trump has called for $1 trillion in infrastructure spending. In January, Senate Democrats proposed a $1 trillion infrastructure improvement blueprint,which would rebuild and reinforce infrastructure while creating jobs in Rhode Island and across the country. The blueprint contains $25 billion for upgrades to make communities more resilient to natural disasters and climate change, including funding for the National Oceans and Coastal Security Fund.
"As a coastal community with more than 39 miles of coastline we fully understand the importance of safe and secure infrastructure in our city and throughout the state," said Mayor Avedisian. "I fully support Senator Whitehouse's work as he aims to bring national attention to some of our most dire roadways and bridges across the state. As the Senator, along with his Congressional colleagues, work to pass legislation, it is my sincere hope that with potential funding we are able to make smart, long-term investments into our infrastructure and ultimately the future wellbeing of our communities."
"Rhode Island's infrastructure is in desperate need of repairs, particularly in areas affected by severe flooding brought on by extreme weather events," said Langevin.
"We have the programs in place to effectively deploy funding at the state and local level to help address these needs. We need the President to work with us to put real money into them," Reed said.
Category: News to You
Tags: 2010 flood, Avedisian, climate change, langevin, NOAA, Reed, Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council, storm surge, Trump, Whitehouse
Previous post: WPD Log: March 23 – 30: Arrests for Neglect of a Child, ID Fraud, DUI
Next post: Warwick Officer Stops, Arrests Hit & Run Driver on DUI Charge


text:
Q: I am getting error "undefined reference to 'fork' " This program is not working on gcc......and giving an linker error..i.e. undefined reference to fork...
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<unistd.h>

int main()
{
    int a=10;
    if (a==10 && fork())
        printf("hello");
    else
        printf("world");

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

A: The fact that you're using system("pause") (a bad idea, by the way, when you can simply use getchar()) leads me to believe that you're running on Windows. Unless you use an emulation layer like CygWin, fork is not available on that platform.
To be honest, I'm not sure how you even managed to compile since Windows doesn't generally have unistd.h either unless perhaps you've installed SFU or MinGW (which, despite having unistd.h to ease the task of compiling code (less conditional compilation), does not provide more functionality than what you get with Windows).

A: fork does not exist on Windows (except if you are using Cygwin). Use CreateProcess instead.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


1. The quality or state of being peculiar.
2. A notable or distinctive feature or characteristic.
3. An eccentricity; an idiosyncrasy.
1. a trait, manner, characteristic, or habit that is odd or unusual.
3. a distinguishing quality or characteristic.
4. the quality or condition of being peculiar.
syn: See eccentricity. See also feature.
characteristic, feature - a prominent attribute or aspect of something; "the map showed roads and other features"; "generosity is one of his best characteristics"
calling card - a distinguishing characteristic or behavior; "bombs are a terrorist's calling cards"
individualism, individuality, individuation - the quality of being individual; "so absorbed by the movement that she lost all sense of individuality"
2. quirk, caprice, mannerism, whimsy, foible, idiosyncrasy, odd trait He had many little peculiarities.
attribute, character, characteristic, feature, mark, property, quality, savor, trait.
eccentricity, idiosyncrasy, quirk, quirkiness, singularity.
It was Stryver's grand peculiarity that he always seemed too big for any place, or space.
Without thinking about it, he accepted this disappearing into the wall as a peculiarity of his father, as milk and half- digested meat were peculiarities of his mother.
Day after day she looked fearfully into the child's expanding nature, ever dreading to detect some dark and wild peculiarity that should correspond with the guiltiness to which she owed her being.
Every author has some peculiarity in his descriptions or in his style of writing.
A second peculiarity of airship war as it first came to the world that also made for social collapse, was the ineffectiveness of the early air-ships against each other.
The housekeeper tried to describe him, but failed to distinguish the nameless visitor by any personal peculiarity which her master could recognise.
11] It was one of his peculiarities, he tells us, to live by the eye far more than by any other sense (a peculiarity, perhaps, in an Englishman), and this is what he sees at the early daily service then common in some City churches.
The doctor being called, described a personal peculiarity, which he had noticed at the post-mortem examination, and which might lead to the identification of the murdered man.
One old Sag-Harbor whaleman's chief reason for questioning the Hebrew story was this: --He had one of those quaint old-fashioned Bibles, embellished with curious, unscientific plates; one of which represented Jonah's whale with two spouts in his head --a peculiarity only true with respect to a species of the Leviathan (the Right Whale, and the varieties of that order), concerning which the fishermen have this saying, A penny roll would choke him; his swallow is so very small.
With this view, I have not hesitated to reveal to the lawyer a constitutional peculiarity of my poor uncle's, which was always kept a secret among us at his own request -- I mean his tendency to somnambulism.


Vibratory sieves & screeners for check screening a wide range of materials to improve Oil Filter Mobile Sieve for Silo Unloading Pneumatic Sifter for Containment . and is ideal for high capacity safety screening of powders and liquid slurries. Vibratory Check Screener - Screening Maize - Russell Compact Sieve. Info.
Vibratory screener systems screen, scalp, dewater and separate. Efficient vibratory screeners. Proven reliable for wet and dry material. Up to 1500 tonhr.
May 24, 2017 Wet screening, high capacity and dewatering units offered for a wide You are here: Home » Bulk Processing » Vibratory Process Equipment » Wet Screening . Custom-designed Flo-Divider™ system evenly allocates feed slurry large cyclone underflow, screw classifier unit, or a tank classifier cell feed.
Derricks Multifeed Wet Sizing Screen consists of three independent screening units which provide three three times the effective width of a conventional screen, mounted in a single frame and driven by one vibrating motor. Three feed boxes distribute slurry to independent screen sections. Phone: +1 716 683 - 9010.
Virto Group provides its customers a wide range of high quality vibrating sieves and screening machines spare parts like mesh sieves cleaning systems.
C-Line vibrating sieves popular screening machines with 2,500 vibrating sieves being produced out of our Italian factory each year. Mobile Slurry Screeners.
Manufacturer and supplier of Horizontal Vibrating Screen, Gyratory Screen Separator, Dewatering Screens, Vibrating Sieve Shaker for sale in India and USA.
View Mobile Number ETA Vibro Screens are Vibratory or Gyratory Sieving Machine designed on the principle of gyratory motion generated by vibro motor. application of solid -solid separation or solid-liquid separation or slurry separation.
Phone: 502-969-3171 Carrier Vibrating Equipment is a proven leader in providing unique material handling Carrier specializes in the manufacture of vibrating conveyors with features incorporated to dry, cool, blend, screen, separate, and and Coolers; Spiral Elevator Processors; Tornesh Dryers; Media Slurry Dryers.
Derrick Corporation manufacture a range of vibratory screening machines to representatively split slurry flows into any number of equivalent streams.
Workers in coal-preparation plants, where vibrating screens are significant noise sources, are often exposed to sound as stationary equipment operator, froth cell operator, plant while working around slurry pumps, dryers, centrifuges and.
Dewatering screens are typically used for solidsliquid slurries with 50% or higher moisture content and can remove in the range of 80% of the moisture.
High frequency vibrating screens are the most important screening machines primarily utilised . Mobile screens thus are another viable design for companies who have to move their equipment often. . A divider system splits the feed slurry to each Stack Sizer® screen, then to each screen deck on the machine.
Dewatering screen unit is a core equipment in tailings drying sand dewatering of hydrocyclones, linear motion vibrating screen, slurry pump and attachments.
Mar 17, 2017 The speed of vibration and the degree of slope are pre-set. is running the risk of plugging chutes and creating down time for the equipment. thick doughy slurry passing over the screen deck and thick doughy slurries do not screen image #1. Leave your phone number if you would like us to call you.
5 days ago Circular Vibrating Screen Separator,Mobile Vibrating Screen Price high working efficiency, suitable for any particle, powder and slurry.
Cutting Edge Supply proudly offers Xinhai crushing, screening and slurry pump products and Systems, Panel Systems, Vibrating Screen Equipment, Roller Screens, Conveyor Rollers, Unit Screens & Mobile Screens Equipment and more.
Savona Equipment sells new and used circular vibrating screens, also called Screeners and separators sift, classify, scalp, or dewater bulk solids and slurries.
Clean coal and coal slurry centrifuges. Since SIEBTECHNIK this equipment, SIEBTECHNIK has developed clean coal centrifuge with larger The well-designed horizontal vibratory screen centrifuge . Phone +49 0208 58 01 - 00. Fax.
Mining gold machinery,vibration screen grader supplier,vibrating sieve. US $15000 . China Supplier Stone Crushing Machine Mobile Cone Crusher. US $60000 Best price slurry separation system, sand water recycling sorting separation.


text:
Yebba Releases "Distance" The First Track from Her Forthcoming Debut Album
By: Otis Stokes | May 8, 2020, 2:49 p.m.
Photo Credits: Shervin Lainez
Today, Grammy-Award winner, Yebba releases "Distance," the first track from her forthcoming debut album via RCA Records. Distance" was co-written by Yebba, produced by Mark Ronson and Yebba, and recorded with The Roots and Pino Palladino at NYC's Electric Lady Studio. More music and information about her first album will be announced soon.
Yebba said "Distance" was inspired by the feeling that she had when she knew a relationship was coming to an end: "Emotionally, physically, and spiritually we were trying, but the only thing that came naturally was the distance .So I wrote a goodbye before we ever got the chance to fight."
The 25 year old soul singer, songwriter, arranger grew up singing and listening to gospel music, along with arranging and music directing choirs in her hometown of West Memphis, Arkansas. She released her breakthrough video for "My Mind" in 2016. Soon after, she released her first single "Evergreen," instantly captivating a passionate fan base leading to support and collaborations, including her 2019 Grammy-winning performance with PJ Morton on "How Deep Is Your Love." This collaboration resulted in her first GRAMMY award for Best Traditional R&B Performance.
Last year, Yebba was featured on Stormzy's album Heavy Is The Head, Ed Sheeran's "Best Part of Me," on three songs from Mark Ronson's album Late Night Feelings "Don't Leave Me Lonely," "Knock Knock Knock" and "When U Went Away," and on the title track of The Robert Glasper Experience's mixtape "F*** Yo Feelings."
She has also performed and recorded with Sam Smith ("No Peace") , Chance The Rapper ("Same Drugs"), Mumford and Sons ("Beloved"), and A Tribe Called Quest ("Melatonin").
https://www.instagram.com/yebbasmith/
https://twitter.com/yebbasmith
https://www.facebook.com/YebbaSmith/
Kansas Releases New Song And Music Video For "Throwing Mountains"
Recording Academy, ASCAP & More Call For CARES Act To Aid Entertainment Industry
Ol' School Funk/Jazz Band Lettuce Release New Single, "House Of Lett"
New Music Friday: Lady Gaga, Kim Petras, Andra Day, & More ...
New Music Friday: Lady Gaga, Sinéad Harnett, Doja Cat & More ...
Tate McRae Releases New Track "You Broke Me First" Today
Selena Gomez Releases "Rare" Deluxe Album via Interscope Records
Diana Ross' "Supertonic" Digital Release Due On May 29th
Maren Morris Unveils Amazon Original Live EP
The Prince Estate in Partnership with Legacy Recordings Announce Live at The Aladdin Las Vegas
Sam Smith & Demi Lovato Announce New Single: "I'm Ready"
Alesso Drops New Song & Video "Midnight" Feat: Liam Payne