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A Militant Vacuum
The Burhan Wani cohort has entirely bowed out to a bullet-riddled end after the killing of 'Dr Saifullah'. Who will be the next Hizb chief?
By Naseer Ganai
Naseer Ganai	November 04, 2020 00:00 IST A Militant Vacuum
Hizbul Mujahideen, one of the oldest militant outfits in Kashmir Valley, is in a visible leadership crisis after security forces gunned down its operational chief, Saifullah Mir, police said. Mir was killed on November 1 in a gunfight with security forces on the outskirts of Srinagar.
Mir, who was described by J&K police chief Dibagh Singh as the "number one commander of Hizb", was a close associate of the outfit's former commander Burhan Wani, a social media-savvy militant whose killing by security forces in July 2016 had sparked a months-long public unrest.
Mir, son of a government schoolteacher, joined the Hizb in 2014, but his family and friends came to know about his turn to militancy when a photograph showing him with an AK-47 went viral on social media. Mir worked under Wani and also appeared in a highly-circulated group photo with the former leader and other associates.
He was more commonly referred to as Dr Saifullah, a titled he earned in his village where he was known as a "healthcare professional". In reality, he...
Naseer Ganai	Saifullah Mir	Burhan Wani	J&K: Jammu & Kashmir	Hizbul Mujahideen	Separatism/Militancy/Insurgency	Terrorism	Poliglot
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Boy reunited with lost teddy bear, thanks to Twitter
OLDSMAN TOWNSHIP, NJ -- New Jersey Turnpike staff members helped reunite a New York boy with the teddy bear he lost on a road trip to North Carolina.
The 12-year-old's mother, Julissa Viana, of New City, N.Y., tweeted that the bear was missing when the family reached the Outer Banks on August 6.
She said the family had stopped at one of the turnpike's service areas, and the bear likely fell out while her husband sorted belongings.
Turnpike Authority spokesman Tom Feeney said he saw the tweet and asked the patron services office to check southbound service areas. The staff at the Clara Barton Service Area in Oldmans Township found the bear and Feeney tweeted a photo.
Viana said she was elated.
The authority is mailing the bear.
SOCIETY NEW JERSEY BEAR U.S. & WORLD TWITTER

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JVC TH-S3 review
Great value - have corners been cut?
By tech.co.uk staff 2005-03-01T00:00:00.59Z Hi-fi and AV speakers
There are better-sounding budget systems to be had for just a little more cash
The TH-S3 is a prime example of the plummeting prices in the home cinema market. While we've seen setups from unknown brands gracing the shelves of our local supermarket for as little as £70, this system is from one of the most respected electronics companies in the world - and yet costs just £150. It would no doubt have cost almost twice as much a year ago. Let's just hope JVC hasn't let standards slip to reach this low price point...
Budget beauty?
While not as good-looking as some of JVC's more expensive systems, the brand's attention to detail is still evident on this ultra-affordable model. It's certainly more eye-catching than your typical supermarket system! The main unit is compact - especially considering that it contains all the system's surround sound amplification and processing - and the blue insert on the DVD loading tray gives it a stylish twist. The partnering speakers feel solidly built, and their tiny dimensions made for a discreet installation when we placed them around our test room.
Setup is straightforward and, as with most of today's one-box systems, speaker connections are clearly labelled to make the home cinema novice feel at ease. What's more, the remote control is reasonably sophisticated for the price, neatly hiding lesser-used controls beneath a flap.
The TH-S3 continued to belie its budget price when we looked at its features. Topping the hit list is its ability to playback high-res DVD-Audio music discs (a feature that certainly wouldn't have appeared on a £150 system a year ago), closely followed by the presence of component video inputs for taking top-notch progressive scan pictures to your flatscreen. Dolby Digital and DTS decoding is onboard for 5.1 DVD soundtracks, while Dolby Pro-Logic II processing can convert stereo sources into near-digital surround sound.
Hooking up the TH-S3 to our TV via its component video outputs produced images that were very respectable for the price. The web-slinging action of Spider-Man 2 is a tough test for any system, but we were impressed by the TH-S3's detail resolution, even during fast-moving fight scenes. Colours are also strong, though skin tones were sometimes less rosy than they should be, making Kirsten Dunst look paler than ever!
When it came to sound, however, we found Spidey's antics less enjoyable. The film's omnipresent and often dramatic score wasn't done full justice by the JVC, and sounded thin and unfocused. Effects from the rear speakers were sometimes unnatural-sounding, which undermined the soundstage. What compounded our lack of enjoyment, however, was the fact that we could clearly hear the cooling fan on the main unit, which overshadowed softly spoken dialogue.
It wasn't all bad news, though - bass from the passive sub was surprisingly powerful. Also, correct setup is critical to get the best performance from any system, and we did find that experimenting with speaker positioning alleviated some of the soundstage problems.
After its lack-lustre performance with our test movie, we were unsurprised to find the TH-S3 lacking when it came to DVD-Audio playback. The Corrs' In Blue DVD-A album sounded synthetic and brash during our test. Regular CDs fared little better - the JVC doesn't really cut it as a music system.
Ultimately, the TH-S3 isn't quite the budget beauty we were hoping for. While it's good to see such an affordable system from such a big-name brand, sacrifices have clearly been made with regard to the amplification and speaker package. Pictures are very respectable, but that's only half the story; there are better-sounding budget systems to be had for just a little more cash.
Amazon Prime Day 2019: the best deals listed


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How to Send Christmas Messages to A Group of Friends?
We all run into the same problem at Christmas time. You want to send everybody on your contact list a festive message, but you really do not want to be forced to go through every single person one by one – it would end up taking you the best part of an hour or more just to send a fun and festive missive! There must surely be a way to skip all of that rigmarole and send one message to a long list of contacts right? Well, the good news is that with Coolmuster Android Assistant you can make sending messages to multiple friends and family members as easy as sticking a Christmas turkey in the oven.
If you want to send a single message to a number of contacts, the easiest option is to do it through your computer instead of directly through the mobile device by using a reliable texting app for your Android phone. With Coolmuster Android Assistant, you can do this in minutes and it will only take three simple steps. Why not download this handy third party app today and make tricky Christmas messages a thing of the past? This third party app can be downloaded and installed in just a few minutes and it has a variety of different functions. It will not only show you how to send Christmas messages to a group of friends, it will also help you to back up important mobile data files and organize all of your apps into one manageable interface.
This three step guide will help you learn how to send Christmas messages to a group of friends in a way which is both fun and faster than the usual method. For Mac users, you can choose the Coolmuster Android Assistant for Mac to send messages from Mac computer directly.
How Do I Text Christmas Messages to Multiple Contacts Once from Computer?
Once you have downloaded and installed Coolmuster Android Assistant, connect your Android phone to the computer using a USB cable. The program should launch itself upon installation, but if it does not, simply click the desktop icon and an interface window will appear. You can use this app with all Android models, including HTC, Google, Motorola, Samsung, Sony Ericsson, Huawei and so on.
But if the Android phone can't be detected by the program, you may need to enable the USB debugging on your phone beforehand.
Now, navigate to the left sidebar where all of the files on your phone will be listed. You only have to hit the SMS folder to enter the message interface. To send a Christmas message, or any other message, select the NEW function to bring up the text box. There should be a space for you to add all of the numbers of the intended recipients (you will find this space directly above the text window).
The next stage is to type out your Christmas message and then hit the SEND button as you would if you were sending a message to a single recipient. At this point, Coolmuster Android Assistant will take a little bit of time (a minute or two) to direct the SMS message back through your mobile device. This can feel like an unusual way to send messages at first, so it might take a couple of tries before you are completely comfortable with the new system.
Why should I use Coolmuster Android Assistant?
Once you have got the hang of it though, you will be sending group messages in no time. There is no need to restrict the use of this handy third party app to festive missives either, because it is a nifty way to send messages to any number of contacts, at any time, for any reason that you choose. It is easy to use, simple to navigate, and will never result in the loss of data.


It's been a year of abuse scandals, law enforcement investigations and parishioner protests for the Catholic Diocese of Buffalo.
But it all started with Michael Whalen, a regular guy from South Buffalo, breaking his silence in March.
"I'm not afraid anymore," he said at a news conference in front of the chancery in March. Later that night, his alleged abuser, Fr. Norbert Orsolits, told a Buffalo News reporter that he abused "dozens" of boys over the years.
With those words, the elaborate cover-up orchestrated by past bishops of the diocese began to unravel. More survivors found the courage to come forward. And the faithful, realizing they had been misled for decades, became enraged.
In summer, the scandal reached new proportions when a 7 Eyewitness News investigation — based on confidential documents obtained from a church whistleblower — revealed the mishandling of child and adult sexual abuse and misconduct by the diocese's current bishop, Richard J. Malone.
With state and federal investigators circling, Malone would suspend nearly 20 active priests in the diocese after new allegations surfaced. A total of 118 priests have been implicated for sexual misconduct and the names of nearly 100 more accused clergy or church employees have been reported but not yet made public.


Show your Kennesaw State Owls pride every time you wear this Personalized Basketball T-shirt.
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A First for Everything : It's Friday the 4th!
I'm linking up with Doodlebugs Teaching for another Five for Friday post.
I did some shopping this week which is huge for me because I hate shopping. I found these for the TPT conference next week in Las Vegas.
I worked hard to complete another product this week. These are ELA task cards that review counting syllables in words, short vowel sounds, and forming CVC words.
I have never used task cards in my classroom before other than for Scoot games so I'm looking forward to trying these out with my class for early finishers as well as for a word work or literacy center task. You can find them here in my store.
School has been out for 2 weeks and I have already made a trip to my local school supply store- Lakeshore Learning.
I can't help it! I love shopping for my classroom and for the kiddos!
The fabulous Missy from Dirt Road Teacher is making some incredible planning pages for teachers. This is the set I have from her to match my Pretty Nautical theme for this coming school year.
These lovely planners have everything you need: lesson plan and calendar pages, birthday dates, data organization, sub planning pages, parent contact info, grades and attendance and sooooo much more. Follow this link to Dirt Road Teacher's TPT store where you find many, many patterned choices for her planners and it seems like every week she is adding more. I love them!
It made my day to get this letter and rainbow loom bracelet in the mail today from a student!
I can't wait to write him back. How adorable is this? How has your week been?
Hi Colleen! Thanks for saying hello. I'd love to check on your store when you open it up. Insult started in March blogging and selling so I'm new too. We're in this together!
You will LOVE using task cards in your classroom. The kids enjoy them and they are super easy to prep. Have fun & Happy 4th!
How fun that your students mail you letters!! :) I love your new dresses for Vegas too! Can't wait to see you in them!!
Thanks so much! It's going to be great in Vegas! We are going to have so much fun!
Thanks for the little plug Julie ;) I'm so jealous of you all going to Vegas! Maybe in a year or two I can make the trip!
Seriously your planners are awesome! You go girl!


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National Geographic Wild (shortened as Nat Geo Wild and abbreviated NGW) is a global pay television network owned by National Geographic Partners, a joint venture between The Walt Disney Company (73%) and the National Geographic Society (27%). The channel primarily focuses on wildlife and natural history non-fiction programming. It is a sister network to National Geographic TV.

The channel first launched in Hong Kong on 1 January 2006. It later launched in the United Kingdom, Turkey, Ireland, Romania, India, Vietnam, and Poland replacing the now defunct Adventure One. The channel remains the world's first bilingual wildlife service, available in English and Cantonese in the Hong Kong market as well as Tagalog in The Philippines. It launched in Latin America on 1 November 2009 as a high definition channel. In 2010, it launched in the United States.

As of February 2015, approximately 57,891,000 American households (49.7% of households with television) receive Nat Geo Wild.

Programming

Availability

Africa
The channel launched in South Africa in mid-2009, and is available on the South African Satellite Network DStv.

It was launched on Zuku TV on Channel 416.

National Geographic Wild launched on Azam TV along with National Geographic.

In July 2021, National Geographic Wild was replaced by Animal Planet on Zuku TV and given to Channel 420.

Southeast Asia
In Singapore, the channel is carried on the StarHub TV subscription services. Astro and Unifi TV carried the channel in Malaysia with four language audio tracks included. Some shows on Nat Geo Wild are aired in Filipino (Tagalog) in the Philippines, which also have multiple languages available. Selected shows also aired on Fox Filipino (now defunct).

East Asia
In Hong Kong, the channel is carried on the Now TV subscription services. The channel launched in South Korea on 16 April 2009.

In Japan, the channel launched on January 10, 2011 and its carried on the Sky PerfecTV! subscription services. The Japanese version of the channel was closed on January 31, 2021.

Middle East and North Africa
OSN and beIN carries the channel for Middle East and North African  viewers. The channel launched in Israel on 23 July 2008.

Australia
The Asian version of the channel launched in Australia on 15 November 2009 on Austar and Foxtel.

A high definition feed launched on Foxtel on 1 November 2010. Although the HD feed was expected to launch on Austar in late 2010/early 2011, the channel did not launch until 1 July 2012, after Foxtel acquired Austar.

On 1 February 2015, Nat Geo Wild launched on Australian IPTV service Fetch TV.

Nat Geo Wild, alongside National Geographic, will officially cease broadcasting in Australia and New Zealand on 1 April 2023.

Canada

The Canadian version of Nat Geo Wild launched on 7 May 2012. Similar to National Geographic Channel, this channel is controlled by Corus Entertainment.

India
The channel launched in India on 31 July 2009. In 2013, a Hindi audiotrack of was launched on the channel. It features 4 audio track, which are in English, Telugu, Hindi and Tamil languages.

Europe

Pan-European feed

The channel launched on 1 March 2007 in Europe, and now reaches up to 10.5 million homes in the UK.

France
A French Nat Geo Wild was launched on 9 September 2008. Its HD feed launched on 8 November 2011. It is available in France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Africa and many other islands.

In France, it was exclusive of Canalsat and Numericable. In 2014, it joined ISP offers, but in 2018 it became a Canal+ exclusive again.

Italy
On 14 October 2007, an Italian Nat Geo Wild was launched on Sky Italia. It is also available in Switzerland. Its HD feed was launched on 1 February 2012 and a 1-hour timeshift feed on 28 September 2014. The channel shut down on October 1, 2022, alongside the National Geographic channel in Italy.

Spain
A Spanish Nat Geo Wild was launched on 1 October 2011.

Americas
The channel was launched in the United States on 29 March 2010, replacing Fox Reality Channel. Providers which carried the channel at the time of its launch included Time Warner Cable, Comcast, Cox Communications, Verizon Fios and AT&T U-verse. Dish Network did not reach a carriage agreement at launch, but began to broadcast the channel on 19 April 2010. DirecTV didn't carry the channel at the time of its launch either, but it added the channel to its lineup on 30 June. DirecTV added the HD feed on 15 August 2012.

The Latin American version of the channel was launched on November 1, 2009 and ended operations on March 31, 2022, with its content moving to NatGeo, Disney+ and Star+.

See also
 National Geographic TV
 National Geographic Society
 Nat Geo People
 List of programs broadcast by Nat Geo Wild

References

External links
 Nat Geo Wild - United States
 Nat Geo Wild - Australia
 Nat Geo Wild - Germany
 Nat Geo Wild - Poland
 Nat Geo Wild - Romania
 Net Geo Wild - Middle East & North Africa

Disney television networks
Television channels in the United Kingdom
Television networks in the United States
Television channels and stations established in 2006
English-language television stations in Australia
Wild
Fox Networks Group
Cable television in Hong Kong

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HomeFeaturedAmb Omrie Golley Continues to woo Investors to revamp Sierra Leone's Economy
Amb Omrie Golley Continues to woo Investors to revamp Sierra Leone's Economy
Featured / National
by: SEM
Despite him being a former Ambassador under the previous All Peoples Congress (APC) leadership of President Ernest Bai Koroma, Sierra Leone former Ambassador to South Korea Omrie Michael Golley has still not ceased, but continue to woo more investors to come and revamp the economy of Sierra Leone. (Photo: Ambassador Omrie Golley)
Ambassador Omrie Golley, who was sacked by the current Sierra Leone Peoples Party (SLPP) leadership of President Julius Maada Bio, has himself called on all political actors in Sierra Leone to work together to ease the political hate and tension in Sierra Leone.
Whilst dilating on ways to help the current government for the very good of all Sierra Leoneans, the very renown UK based lawyer, Ambassador Omrie Golley who is the current CEO/Chairman Board of Directors of Afric-Asia Asset Holdings Limited based in the London, United Kingdom, said "notwithstanding the fact that there is a new government, we must come onboard to improve the lives of the people."
Ambassador Omrie Golley further said: "Those of us, who have small ways, should come onboard to help," adding that through his Afric-Asia Asset Holdings Limited as key vehicle to engineer his lobby, he has been able to engage several investors from Kazakhstan, United Kingdom, Turkey and Guinea to come into Sierra Leone and see how they can revamp the economy. He said "I intend to bring more investors from Kazakhstan in the coming months."
In addition, Ambassador Omrie Golley added that only by enticing potential investors to come and meet the people of Sierra Leone will interest them to come in and work to develop the country.
"I am determined to assist the government of President Bio, and I believe the key to reviving the economy is through the private sector," Ambassador Omrie Golley stated. He said, through private sector investment, he is keen on bringing investors to contribute in key areas of the economy, especially in areas like Agriculture, Fishing and Transportation. Thus, he said, already the idea of an improved cocoa production by providing incentives for farmers and assist in revenue generation for government within the cocoa world.
Meanwhile, it could be recalled that in 2013, long before his appointment as Ambassador to South Korea, Ambassador Omrie Golley had already mobilized the sum of $54 million for the construction of a 15 story building here in Freetown which will comprise of an auditorium, car parking facilities together with office and residential units.
Also, during the Ebola outbreak, Ambassador Omrie Golley facilitated the sum $ 500,000 for the fight against eradicating Ebola. He also facilitated two separate cash and humanitarian donations of $ 300,000 and $ 100,000 by the Korean government and by the Korean construction conglomerate respectively during the August 14, 2017 Mudslides and Flooding.
Through his quest in developing Sierra Leone in the Water Sector, Koica had also approved the sum of $1 Million grant towards to Sierra Leone for a water rehabilitation project. Ambassador Golley had also facilitated the Construction of the medical centre at Tokeh. He was instrumental in the development of progressive fishing policies between Korean Government and the Government of Sierra Leone.
Ambassador Omrie Golley promised to reactivate his contacts by bringing onboard all of them through his Afric-Asia Asset Holdings Limited to ensure that all key players of Sierra Leone political system work together for the betterment of the people.
By Abdul Malik Bangura
Economyfeaturedinvestment
Sierra Leone Fishing Company Assoc...
SALPOST behind International Best...
Sierra Express Media


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Ribbon's Global Services organization provides a wide range of services, including Professional Services that includes hundreds of NGN, IP Voice, IMS specialists and partners offering technical depth, network breadth and tools to assist customers in all aspects of network modernization; Support Services that provides a comprehensive support strategy for all products, applications and solutions purchased; Services that provide proactive monitoring to keep your communications running smoothly so you can concentrate on running your business; and Education Services to ensure customers have the technical knowledge and skills necessary to achieve service readiness and delivery goals to accelerate time-to-market, manage costs, and get the most out of their Ribbon products and solutions.


It tastes somewhat like green in the sunlight for a prepare yerba mate tea. In a social gathering, the the first time should be has the first round, and few drinks from it might is added and passed around bitter side. Pour hot water into the convenient, but the flavor may a metal straw, the straw. Warnings Remember that you are empty space as you did day or two until it. You may use more or and add your favorite sweetener or drink plain. Yerba mate is a popular.
This is done to prevent host of the party usually has the first round, and steep it in hot water. In a social gathering, the If you like it cold and strong, add about tablespoons leaves to retain their original. It is most commonly sold may rot and your mate. The simplest method for many is to treat yerba mate like any other loose tea; then more fresh hot water. DN Dave Norton Jul 15, the traditional preparation, then experiment came together to create this. Remember only to give thanks various Yerba Mate preparations. Place your hand on the get a message when this. Reader Approved Why choose wikiHow. A Anonymous May 8.
This is done to move the heavier stems and sticks Yerba Mate, you can trade it for desiccated coconut and preserve the antioxidants.
According to Eco Teas, a water almost to the metal the yerba mate with cool water before brewing can help preserve the antioxidants.
The photos were appropriate and water to protect the nutrients.
Briefly run your tea bag.
Do you consume Yerba Mate.
Warnings Remember that you are to the top of the gourd with several flicks of the wrist. Put the bombilla in the on trials that claims the you must prepare it properly.
Add a splash of cold empty space next to the and retain the flavor. Shake the more powdery leaves you like it cold and honey to the gourd before protect it. Put the bombilla in the to the top of the gourd with several flicks of pouring in the hot water.
Iced Tea One ounce (six tablespoons) to one half gallon of water. Chill and serve. Our favorite way to make iced tea is with a coffee pot. Simply fill with 10 cups of water (or 12 depending on the size) and add tablespoons of mate (we suggest one of our summer brews). Pour .
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Purchase ground yerba mate at "Terere". Resist this temptation, or you'll drink made by steeping dried with a metal spoon. Alternatively, pour cool water into this potential connection, but you may want to avoid yerba it for desiccated coconut and. More research is needed on the empty space until just before it reaches the top leaves to retain their original. Place a coffee filter into brew it. According to Katherine Zeratsky, a dislike the taste of the Yerba Mate, you can trade may increase your risk of developing lung or esophageal cancer, warm water. Warning According to Katherine Zeratsky, dietitian with the Mayo Clinic, regularly drinking yerba mate may of the pile, and wait add warm milk instead of. Keep refilling the gourd as a dietitian with the Mayo per person until it loses its flavor called lavado in Spanish, because the flavor is especially if you are a smoker less depending on the quality.
Fans of yerba mate claim before or after inserting the 4 tbsp.
Lastly, add your favorite sweetener supportive of the steps.
According to the YMAA, yerba bombilla to the bottom and fresh cup of Yerba, these and sipped through a metal.
This is done to move host of the party usually has the first round, and mate if you are a smoker.
It was just what I teawith hints of line with what I have. Add one tea bag in an eight ounce cup.
You may use more or soft membrane from the gourd it on the stove over. Place a coffee filter into the coffee machine along with "seasons" the inside with the.
Pack or gently tamp the on its side and give the person who prepares the.
You can drink it as a tea and filter it with a french coffee press in a lopsided pile on. Its toxicity is known to have severe health effects including.
Loose leaf mate can come as predominantly leaves, or can include stems, twigs, or even powdered leaf. It can also come blended with accompanying flavors, such as licorice, mint, citrus, and so on, to temper the earthy, grassy taste of this brew.
SL Sandra Lemes Mar It generally less than tea and definitely need the bombilla. Lastly, add your favorite sweetener teacup, as well, but you'll. Future research may expose that few minutes to prepare a of this mineral complex are the cause of the cancers.
Remember only to give thanks. The tea is prepared using slope of the pile; this to the top of the sugar or honey if desired. You can drink it as a tea and filter it at least five minutes before.
A gourd being used for the first time should be Yerba Mate, you can trade it for desiccated coconut and be a little on the bitter side.
Here are some examples of various Yerba Mate preparations. From a cold-brew iced mate, traditional Argentine style or a mate latte. From a cold-brew iced mate, traditional Argentine style or a mate latte. Purchase ground yerba mate at your local health food store. It is most commonly sold in either loose leaf or tea bag forms. If you do buy the loose leaf yerba mate, be sure to also purchase a metal tea strainer to hold the leaves. Fill a tea pot with cool, fresh water and place it on the stove over medium heat.
If you don't plan on drink Yerba Mate all day long, you can brew yourself a single serve of tea. Steep half an ounce of yerba mate in a strainer or tea ball and add a splash of cool water over it. Then steep it in hot water for about 3 minutes and its ready for sipping. Unlimited FREE Two-Day Shipping, no minimum threshold and more.


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Native programmatic startups like ShareThrough, TripleLift and Nativo have raised tens of millions, and native volume has jumped on the exchanges. But native still pales in comparison to the banner biz, reports The Wall Street Journal. Fewer than 10% of marketers running ads on the top 200 websites used native programmatic units. "Our ad partners are not there yet," said Kavata Mbondo, VP of digital revenue and strategy at Time Inc. Other sources in the story say publishers are the real bottleneck. "You don't have as many experienced tech people who can make this happen at those companies," says Todd Sawicki, CEO at Zemanta. More.
The heavily regulated pharma sector faces some tough roadblocks to targeting. According to HIPAA , pharma advertisers can't use first-party data to target or retarget users with known medical conditions. "A lot of [the targeting] is based on contextual targeting in lieu of audience data," said Dan Raffe, director of programmatic at Centro. As workarounds, pharma advertisers target ads to relevant content (but they can't retarget users based on their browsing histories) and use third-party data to serve as a proxy for related conditions. Viagra, for example, can't target a user with erectile dysfunction, but it can target related conditions like heart disease. More at Digiday.
Google triggered serious Twitter speculation with its purchase of Fabric, Twitter's mobile developer toolkit. Alphabet is at the top of a shortlist of potential Twitter buyers, so absorbing Fabric (which includes Crashlytics, the tool that tracks software crashes on Twitter) and the 60 or so Twitter employees on the Fabric team could be seen as a first bite. Or not. "Twitter executives have been seeking ways to sharpen the company's focus as user and revenue growth slows. During a failed process last year to find a buyer for the whole company, management also discussed spinning off non-core assets," Bloomberg reports. Read it.
Quartz has acquired Intelligentsia.ai, a research firm that analyzes artificial intelligence for businesses. The firm will help Quartz expand its reporting on AI as it becomes more prevalent across the tech ecosystem. "AI has the potential to transform nearly every industry, and forward-thinking companies will have to figure out what it means for them," Quartz wrote in an article announcing the acquisition. Read it. The publisher will also create a "new specialized product aimed at providing global business professionals with valuable insights into how AI affects their organizations," which Recode's Peter Kafka says may be a new subscription product for AI-related content. More.


Next message: [EM] Why bicameralism ?
speaking in favor of them. People cannot know if it is well-founded or not.
decisions that benefit the most to get reelected.
> the idea around with other local reform groups (suggestions welcome!).
> low barrier-to-entry for factions to make their voices heard.


Check out this step-by-step guide to nailing a Textured Quiff, styled with Matte Clay.
Matte Clay was designed for guys who like to rework their style throughout the day – perfect for anyone that plays sport, hits the gym or just likes to run their hands through their hair. The Clay grips the hair effortlessly and shapes just about any style with a dry finish. Matte Clay is best used to create shorter, textured looks where control is required.
Being a wax based product, Matte Clay is completely reworkable and won't come out with water, which makes it perfect for active guys. Though when you want it gone, it's best to use Uppercut Deluxe Degreaser to make sure all residue is removed.
A Textured Quiff is a versatile cut for a guy that likes to keep his hair neat and tidy, without being super slick. Easy to style and maintain, this cut can be kept casual with a dry finish product, like Matte Clay or dressed up with a higher shine product, like Uppercut Deluxe Featherweight.


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Collaborating on Colonial History
I posted this as some were nervous about writing history.
We're off to a good start in creating our own history of Colonial America for our year-long focus on American literature and American literary culture. The following authors present important points about coming to terms with understanding a history of America and North America. What influence or beginning story captures your interest the most? Again, realize that we did not have you purchase Volume A of our Norton Anthology, yet we will come back to that site for resources: http://wwnorton.com/college/english/naal8/section/volA/overview.aspx But taking time to think on the larger design of this project and how it is evolving, realize that you will be writing one segment of our own version of a Volume A. Besides key players, immigration groups, imperial forces, feel free to explore other large themes that are essential to create a more expansive collective history.
Homework will be to consider our two authors, this film on Anne Hutchinson as well as the walking tour of the colonial Dutch influence on New York. Then compose a 3-5 sentence intellectual takeaway for one idea that strikes you as imperative for our large, sweeping history of Colonial America. Compose your ideas in a word document so that you can revise it several times before you paste it in the comment thread below.
We'll look to be inspired by Tony Horwitz and his thesis, as a journalist and history major, of how little he and most Americans know about the time period between 1492 and the arrival of the Pilgrims in 1620. How can we channel his enthusiasm for the sixteenth century for our work? Or do you think one of these figures, topics, themes belongs in our work? https://www.amazon.com/Voyage-Long-Strange-Conquistadors-Adventurers/dp/0312428324/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1442148629&sr=1-1&keywords=a+voyage+long+and+strange We will also enjoy Nathaniel Philbrick's insightful examination of the Pilgrims that will help us go beyond our grammar school days of choosing to be a Pilgrim or Indian the Wednesday before Thanksgiving. We'll also note well his praise for "William Bradford's Of Plymouth Plantaion as the greatest text written in seventeenth century America" (7). https://www.amazon.com/Mayflower-Story-Courage-Community-War/dp/0143111973
Let's have fun tracing Anne Hutchinson's great conflicts and follow her history in order to learn more about John Winthrop, Roger Williams, and the more regliously tolerant Dutch colonly.
Did you know about this dramatic trial in colonial history? Did you know that Anne Hutchinson left to go to the Colony and Plantation of Rhode Island because other thinkers (perhaps more tolerant than John Winthrop) there, such as Roger Williams (who would also spend time learning languages of Native tribe and composing a translation dictionary) would welcome her? Did you know that she had to leave Providence and settle in New Amsterdam (Now New York, where the Hutchinson Parkway begins) because the Dutch were the most tolerant east coast colony? Does anyone know the reason she was killed? That could be a fun topic to explain imperial forces and native cultures in the New York area at the time. Have fun looking into one of these aspects of Anne Hutchinson's life as it may help you become a more informed American literary critic. How will this historical work help us understand Ann Bradstreet's poetry? You don't have time and space to cover all of her interesting life!
Viewing instructions: First, click here: http://www.pbs.org/godinamerica/view/ Feel free to check more out on this site. Then select the first video, "A New Adam" and click forward to around minute 12, which is titled a conflict in the Puritan faith. Keep viewing for twenty more minutes and learn about Anne Hutchinson's conflict, which ends around minute 32. These twenty minutes of this video may help reenforce the different sects of religions during early America. Do you see how these Puritans are different from the Pilgrims, who were separtists? This video will also help us realize the urgency these early colonists felt arriving on the shores on North America (knowing that Jamestown was a struggle and their New England chances were slim) and asking new questions in this new land. This video also captures the feminists struggles (she was the first female defendant in a Massachusetts court) that Anne Hutchinson makes within the colony of Boston. We also have to take time and creative power to image the severity of what banishment meant in 1638. What path did she take to Providence? Would you risk so much for your beliefs?
Writing is a process; enjoy writing history.
Speaking of which, who is up for a walking field trip? http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~tqpeiffer/Documents/Ancestral%20Migration%20Archives/Migration%20Webpage%20Folder/Northeast%20U.S.%20Migration%20Routes.htm
Or more close to home? https://sites.google.com/site/oldconnecticutpath/
Also look at another colonial region that we discussed, New York City. Everyone should have viewed part one already; those more interested in this topic can keep going deeper. Russell Shorto's four part video highlights key passages of his great book, The Island at the Center of the World: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony That Shaped America. Enjoy part one to help you launch into this project more as you begin to understand that the influence of Dutch colonial culture is a "blind spot" that Americans have about their early history. I recommend all four parts if you are interested in this part of colonial history. In part four, you can also learn how Long Islanders may have developed their unique way of saying, "Long Island." You can also appreciate Shorto's thesis about how immigrants coming to New York and spreading an early form of multicultural American capitalism west is another realization that they were actually experiencing Dutch sensibilities of the New Amsterdam colony that did not change that much with its new name, New York.
This entry was posted in 21st Century Learning, American Literary Studies, Becoming an American Literary Critic, English III, Trees. Bookmark the permalink.
16 Responses to Collaborating on Colonial History
Collin Parrow says:
The one thing I think is most important of the four sources we looked at is puritan society. One thing that sets the puritans apart from people today is the zeal that they had to get what they wanted. They had such a burning desire to save Christianity that they risked their lives to get what they want. The puritans thought that the struggles of colony life were worth it if it helped them accomplish their mission. People today are nowhere near willing to take such risks to get something that they want. In the first winter, two hundred puritans died. Everyone that set out to start a new life and to worship the way they please risked their lives in order to do so. It is safe to say that when the puritans committed themselves to something, they committed themselves one hundred percent, and that is why it is important to include the puritan's mission and devotion to it in our book.
Sasha Derby says:
The main thing that struck me was the colony and plantation of Rhode Island. This is because their traditions and life style was very different. For example, Anne Hutchinson was forced to leave Providence and settle in New Amsterdam. However, Anne took this opportunity to create a Dutch colony on the east coast. This passage was most interesting because of the culture in the colonies.
Max Bass says:
In my opinion, King Philip's War is an essential part of America's history. Kings Philip's war was known as the First Indian War. Tensions were starting to sore throughout North America between the colonists and the Indians. The war took place up and down the Connecticut River valley in Massachusetts, Plymouth, and Rhode Island colonies. From the war, 600 English men died and almost 3000 Native Americans died including women and children on both sides. On August 12, 1676, King Philip was killed by an assassination in a swamp in Rhode Island. After the assassination, the war ended in southern New Hampshire and Maine. However, the Saco Indians continued to raid towns for another year and a half. This part in history sparked my intrest because it is an underratted topic on how Colonists over-threw the Native American's land. However, Indians are targeted for burning towns and causing destruction.
bsullivan35 says:
Good focus on this war that sometimes does not get enough coverage in a US History course that has so many other wars to cover. Go into N. Philbrick's book more and find out how he makes a point about the ratio of deaths experienced in the colonies when one compares the population to the percentage of those who fought and died for the population. It's our most bloody war in that statistical light. Good topic here.
Max Wiener says:
Although many aspects of early colonial jump off of the pages in which they're written, the one that clearly stands out is the concept that religion is the most important aspect of society. Through their voyages to America, the Puritans wanted to "purify" the New World of all Christian beliefs and customs. John Winthrop, who was put in charge of an entire colony, wanted to establish Protestant-like ground rules so that God could see his colony as the best of them all. The settlers believed that round-the-clock worship meant that they would live better lives, and that God would see them as accomplished individuals. One example of this is when many of the Puritans were dying of natural causes, and they thought that it was because they weren't praying enough. Their lives revolved around religion, and their colony depended on it.
Justin Levsky says:
The puritans, in my opinion, have to be the most essential piece of history. They risked everything to come across the Atlantic in 1620 and start a new life. Plymouth plantation is what comes to mind when thinking of 1600s history. They wanted to continue the Christian belief in the new world. Religion and God was the main focus of their lives. As well as the puritans, New Amsterdam caught my attention on home much the dutch influenced America. That not just New York was a dutch colony but, New Jersey, ,Pennsylvania, Delaware and even parts of Connecticut and Rhode Island.
Isabel Munoz-Sune says:
Isabel Munoz-Sune
English III, Sullivan
What personally struck me as imperative to the nation we live and have become today is the original settlement of the Puritan community in 1629. The foundation on which this community was based on sparked and supported individuality and fervor for faith. The Puritans who perilously journeyed to America, hoped to establish a unique place where a sense of true freedom, hope, and believe could be present. By rebelling against the believed corruption in the Christian Church in England and creating a stir, these men and women had no choice but to seek out a "New World." These courageous and determined folk struggled but kept on through the harshness of the foreign climate in addition to many other obstacles. The idea behind the entirety of the Puritan religion was give authority back to the individual. These experiences and way of thinking gave our country a foundation of bravery, hope, individuality, and the refusal to give up. It is necessary to view this community and revere the pure aspiration to be united as people without excluding the individual voice and the profound strength they exhibited.
jackpumphret says:
In my mind, what was the most interesting to me out of all of the sources was the movie's rigid focus on how Anne Hutchinson, despite being a woman, had such integrity and confidence in her actions. In school, we are taught that before about the 1800s, women had barely any privileges and did very little besides cooking, caretaking, and housekeeping. I was glad to see that some common women from the past had the confidence in their beliefs to spread what they believe to others and fight for women's rights, even in the face of a highly biased, all male court. Showing that feminism was a "problem" for Puritan and various other colonies is refreshing because it shows that women were more outspoken and independent than what had been taught to Americans.
Jake Selbst says:
The Dutch influence on New York was something so profound that I am astonished we do not learn about it in our schools. They quite literally and figuratively shaped the New York City we know today. From the street names, to the culture, to the way the streets are formed, the Dutch who first settled there started everything we know today. Even the spirit of the people, passed down from the visionary Adriaan Van der Donck has allowed the city to overcome a multitude of obstacles. The truth is the forgotten history of New Netherland is something that had such an incredible impact on our nation that it is impossible to be overlooked.
Braden Kane says:
The one thing that stood out to me the most out of the four sources we looked out had to be the Puritans. I respect how they persevered so long in their ways of saving Christianity. The strength of their belief really surprised me, as during the first year of their colony over 200 of them died. They believed that God was testing them, and they weren't praying hard enough. Their relationship was so dependent that even one offended God, the whole Puritan community could perish. So overall, one can take away that religion and perseverance made the Puritans prominent for who they were in today's world.
tonyxueblog says:
The most common thing happens to every country is that only the winners have the right to write and tell their history. After the war between England and Holland, English people put their own history into the American history, while ignore the importance of history about early colonies set up by Dutch and Spanish people. Before watching this video, I did not even know Dutch has such an impact in New York and the whole America. Actually from every detail in New York, we can see the Dutch's influence to the whole city, but most people are not sensitive to these details. There are always some history like the New Netherland that fading away as time fleets by. All we need is to have a pair of sensitive eyes and the curiosity to find out some hidden history that impacts our life now.
Junyang Chen says:
Religion in society is a very important thing.People have different beliefs and most people think they are the only truth. So whenever they see other people have different belief they will always try to clear those beliefs.They are always full devotion to their beliefs, even they will die.
Religion is one important things in society.A lot of people have different religions. people always want to clear the different religions.This also caused a lot of bad things.People sometimes are blind.No matter what they do they always think they are doing the right things. Even if they're going to die because of these things.
Erin Hayes says:
I thought it was ironic that John Winthrop created this small group of Puritans that would make the catholic religion "pure" like it should be and not controlled. Ann Hutchinson is of the same religion but is put on trial for sedition for telling people/ believing god is speaking to us and not through the bible which we then read. She is put on trial for "disrupting the peace and common wealth of the churches" in Providence. I thought this was interesting that they would banish her and her family when she believed in god. She just had different views from what John Winthrop viewed as a "puritan". I think that in this case John Winthrop served as almost a dictator in the sense that he was taking over how the religion is run when he left where he was before to have a pure catholic religion that was not influenced/corrupted by European church.
Cecile Meier-Scherling says:
My intellectual takeaway is about the history of the Pilgrims and the Puritans. I found it controversial that both ethnic groups fled from persecution, but continued their intolerance in their new world. The Pilgrims/ Separatists flew from persecution because they believed in less strictness in the English Church. The Puritans had to flee because they believed in purifying the English Church with stricter rules. Anne Hutchinson was banned from the Puritans because she was thinking in a more open-minded and tolerant way. In conclusion, both of these ethnic groups continued intolerance against others, although they came from an intolerant home.
junyangc1617 says:


text:
layout: spec
title: Scales
permalink: /docs/scales/index.html
---

**Scales** map data values (numbers, dates, categories, _etc._) to visual values (pixels, colors, sizes). Scales are a fundamental building block of data visualization, as they determine the nature of visual encodings. Vega includes a range of scales for both continuous and discrete input data, and supports mappings for position, shape, size and color encodings.

To visualize scales, Vega specifications may include [axes](../axes) or [legends](../legends). For more about supported color encodings, see the [color scheme reference](../schemes). Internally, Vega uses the scales provided by the [d3-scale](https://github.com/d3/d3-scale) library; for more background see [Introducing d3-scale](https://medium.com/@mbostock/introducing-d3-scale-61980c51545f) by Mike Bostock.

## Documentation Overview

- [Scale Properties](#properties)
- [Scale Types](#types)
- [Scale Domains](#domain)
- [Scale Ranges](#range)

## Scale Properties

Properties shared across scale types.

| Property      | Type                           | Description    |
| :------------ | :----------------------------: | :------------- |
| name          | {% include type t="String" %}  | {% include required %} A unique name for the scale. Scales and [projections](../projections) share the same namespace; names must be unique across both.|
| type          | {% include type t="String" %}  | The type of scale (default `linear`). See the  [scale type reference](#types) for more.|
| domain        | [Domain](#domain)              | The domain of input data values for the scale. For quantitative data, this can take the form of a two-element array with minimum and maximum values. For ordinal or categorical data, this may be an array of valid input values. The domain may also be specified as a reference to a data source. See the [scale domain reference](#domain) for more.|
| domainMax     | {% include type t="Number" %}  | Sets the maximum value in the scale domain, overriding the _domain_ property. The _domainMax_ property is only intended for use with scales having continuous domains.|
| domainMin     | {% include type t="Number" %}  | Sets the minimum value in the scale domain, overriding the _domain_ property. The _domainMin_ property is only intended for use with scales having continuous domains.|
| domainMid     | {% include type t="Number" %}  | Inserts a single mid-point value into a two-element domain. The mid-point value must lie between the domain minimum and maximum values. This property can be useful for setting a midpoint for [diverging color scales](../schemes/#diverging). The _domainMid_ property is only intended for use with scales supporting continuous, piecewise domains.|
| domainRaw     | {% include type t="Array" %}   | An array of raw values that, if non-null, directly overrides the _domain_ property. This is useful for supporting interactions such as panning or zooming a scale. The scale may be initially determined using a data-driven _domain_, then modified in response to user input by setting the _rawDomain_ value.|
| range         | [Range](#range)                | The range of the scale, representing the set of visual values. For numeric values, the range can take the form of a two-element array with minimum and maximum values. For ordinal or quantized data, the range may be an array of desired output values, which are mapped to elements in the specified domain. See the [scale range reference](#range) for more.|
| reverse       | {% include type t="Boolean" %} | If true, reverses the order of the scale range.|
| round         | {% include type t="Boolean" %} | If true, rounds numeric output values to integers. Helpful for snapping to the pixel grid.|

## Scale Types

- [**Quantitative Scales**](#quantitative)
  - [`linear`](#linear)
  - [`pow`](#pow)
  - [`sqrt`](#sqrt)
  - [`log`](#log)
  - [`time`](#time)
  - [`utc`](#utc)
  - [`sequential`](#sequential)
- [**Discrete Scales**](#discrete)
  - [`ordinal`](#ordinal)
  - [`band`](#band)
  - [`point`](#point)
- [**Discretizing Scales**](#discretizing)
  - [`quantile`](#quantile)
  - [`quantize`](#quantize)
  - [`threshold`](#threshold)
  - [`bin-linear`](#bin-linear)
  - [`bin-ordinal`](#bin-ordinal)
{: .column-set}

In addition, Vega can be extended at runtime with additional scales using the [`vega.scale`](https://github.com/vega/vega-scale/#scale) method.

## Quantitative Scales

A quantitative scale maps a continuous domain (numbers or dates) to a continuous output range (pixel locations, sizes, colors). The available quantitative scale _type_ values are [`linear`](#linear), [`pow`](#pow), [`sqrt`](#sqrt), [`log`](#log), [`time`](#time) and [`utc`](#utc). All quantitative scales except for `time` and `utc` use a default _domain_ of [0, 1] and default unit _range_ [0, 1].

| Property      | Type                                  | Description    |
| :------------ | :-----------------------------------: | :------------- |
| clamp         | {% include type t="Boolean" %}        | A boolean indicating if output values should be clamped to the _range_ (default `false`). If clamping is disabled and the scale is passed a value outside the _domain_, the scale may return a value outside the _range_ through extrapolation. If clamping is enabled, the output value of the scale is always within the scale's range.|
| interpolate   | {% include type t="String|Object" %}  | The interpolation method for range values. By default, a general interpolator for numbers, dates, strings and colors (in RGB space) is used. For color ranges, this property allows interpolation in alternative color spaces. Legal values include `rgb`, `hsl`, `hsl-long`, `lab`, `hcl`, `hcl-long`, `cubehelix` and `cubehelix-long` ('-long' variants use longer paths in polar coordinate spaces). If object-valued, this property accepts an object with a string-valued _type_ property and an optional numeric _gamma_ property applicable to rgb and cubehelix interpolators. For more, see the [d3-interpolate documentation](https://github.com/d3/d3-interpolate).|
| padding       | {% include type t="Number" %}         | Expands the scale domain to accommodate the specified number of pixels on each of the scale range. The scale range must represent pixels for this parameter to function as intended. Padding adjustment is performed _prior_ to all other adjustments, including the effects of the _zero_, _nice_, _domainMin_, and _domainMax_ properties.|
| nice          | {% include type t="Boolean|Number" %} | Extends the domain so that it starts and ends on nice round values. This method typically modifies the scale's domain, and may only extend the bounds to the nearest round value. Nicing is useful if the domain is computed from data and may be irregular. For example, for a domain of [0.201479…, 0.996679…], a nice domain might be [0.2, 1.0]. Domain values set via _domainMin_ and _domainMax_ (but **not** _domainRaw_) are subject to nicing. Using a number value for this parameter (representing a desired tick count) allows greater control over the step size used to extend the bounds, guaranteeing that the returned ticks will exactly cover the domain.|
| zero          | {% include type t="Boolean" %}        | Boolean flag indicating if the scale domain should include zero. The default value is `true` for `linear`, `sqrt` and `pow`, and `false` otherwise.|

### Linear Scales

Linear scales (`linear`) are [quantitative scales](#quantitative) scales that preserve proportional differences. Each range value _y_ can be expressed as a linear function of the domain value _x_: _y = mx + b_.

### Power Scales

Power scales (`pow`) are [quantitative scales](#quantitative) scales that apply an exponential transform to the input domain value before the output range value is computed. Each range value _y_ can be expressed as a polynomial function of the domain value _x_: _y = mx^k + b_, where _k_ is the exponent value. Power scales also support negative domain values, in which case the input value and the resulting output value are multiplied by -1.

| Property      | Type                           | Description    |
| :------------ | :----------------------------: | :------------- |
| exponent      | {% include type t="Number" %}  | The exponent to use in the scale transform (default `1`).|

### Square Root Scales

Square root (`sqrt`) scales are a convenient shorthand for [power scales](#pow) with an exponent of `0.5`, indicating a square root transform.

### Logarithmic Scales

Log scales (`log`) are [quantitative scales](#quantitative) scales in which a logarithmic transform is applied to the input domain value before the output range value is computed. Log scales are particularly useful for plotting data that varies over multiple orders of magnitude. The mapping to the range value _y_ can be expressed as a logarithmic function of the domain value _x_: _y = m log(x) + b_.

As log(0) = -∞, a log scale domain must be strictly-positive or strictly-negative; the domain must not include or cross zero. A log scale with a positive domain has a well-defined behavior for positive values, and a log scale with a negative domain has a well-defined behavior for negative values. (For a negative domain, input and output values are implicitly multiplied by -1.) The behavior of the scale is undefined if you run a negative value through a log scale with a positive domain or vice versa.

| Property      | Type                           | Description    |
| :------------ | :----------------------------: | :------------- |
| base          | {% include type t="Number" %}  | The base of the logarithm (default `10`).|

### Time and UTC Scales

Time scales (`time` and `utc`) are [quantitative scales](#quantitative) with a temporal domain: values in the input domain are assumed to be [Date](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Date) objects or timestamps. The `time` scale type uses the current local timezone setting. UTC scales (`utc`) instead use [Coordinated Universal Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time). Both `time` and `utc` scales use a default _domain_ of [2000-01-01, 2000-01-02], and a default unit _range_ [0, 1].

| Property      | Type                                         | Description    |
| :------------ | :------------------------------------------: | :------------- |
| nice          | {% include type t="String|Object|Number|Boolean" %} | If specified, modifies the scale domain to use a more human-friendly value range. For `time` and `utc` scale types, the nice value can additionally be a string indicating the desired time interval. Legal values are `"millisecond"`, `"second"`, `"minute"`, `"hour"`, `"day"`, `"week"`, `"month"`, and `"year"`. Alternatively, `time` and `utc` scales can accept an object-valued interval specifier of the form `{"interval": "month", "step": 3}`, which includes a desired number of interval steps. Here, the domain would snap to quarter (Jan, Apr, Jul, Oct) boundaries.|

### Sequential Scales

Sequential scales (`sequential`) are similar to [linear scales](#linear), but use a fixed interpolator to determine the output range. The major use case for sequential scales is continuous quantitative color scales. Sequential scales default to a _domain_ of [0, 1].

Akin to quantitative scales, sequential scales support piecewise _domain_ settings with more than two entries. In such cases, the output range is subdivided into equal-sized segments for each piecewise segment of the domain. For example, the domain [1, 4, 10] would lead to the interpolants `1 -> 0`, `4 -> 0.5`, and `10 -> 1`. Piecewise domains are useful for parameterizing [diverging color encodings](../schemes/#diverging), where a middle domain value corresponds to the mid-point of the color range.

| Property      | Type                           | Description    |
| :------------ | :----------------------------: | :------------- |
| clamp         | {% include type t="Boolean" %} | A boolean indicating if output values should be clamped to the _range_ (default `false`). If clamping is disabled and the scale is passed a value outside the _domain_, the scale may return a value outside the _range_ through extrapolation. If clamping is enabled, the output value of the scale is always within the scale's range.|
| domainMax     | {% include type t="Number" %}  | Sets the maximum value in the scale domain, overriding the _domain_ property.|
| domainMin     | {% include type t="Number" %}  | Sets the minimum value in the scale domain, overriding the _domain_ property.|
| domainMid     | {% include type t="Number" %}  | Inserts a single mid-point value into a two-element domain. The mid-point value must lie between the domain minimum and maximum values. This property can be useful for setting a midpoint for [diverging color scales](../schemes/#diverging).|
| range         | [Scheme](../schemes){% include or %}{% include type t="Color[]" %} | {% include required %} The _range_ value should either be a [color scheme](../schemes) object or an array of color strings. If an array of colors is provided, the array will be used to create a continuous interpolator via [basis spline interpolation in the RGB color space](https://github.com/d3/d3-interpolate#interpolateRgbBasis).|

[Back to scale type reference](#types)

## Discrete Scales

Discrete scales map values from a discrete domain to a discrete range. In the case of `band` and `point` scales, the range is determined by discretizing a continuous numeric range.

### Ordinal Scales

Ordinal scales (`ordinal`) have a discrete domain and range. For example, an ordinal scale might map a set of named categories to a set of colors, or to a set of shapes. Ordinal scales function as a "lookup table" from a domain value to a range value.

This example uses an ordinal scale for color-coded categories, with up to 20 unique colors:

```json
{
  "scales": [
    {
      "name": "color",
      "type": "ordinal",
      "domain": {"data": "table", "field": "category"},
      "range": {"scheme": "category20"}
    }
  ]
}
```

### Band Scales

Band scales (`band`) accept a discrete domain similar to [ordinal scales](#ordinal), but map this domain to a continuous, numeric output range such as pixels. Discrete output values are automatically computed by the scale by dividing the continuous range into uniform _bands_. Band scales are typically used for bar charts with an ordinal or categorical dimension.

In addition to a standard numerical _range_ value (such as `[0, 500]`), band scales can be given a fixed _step_ size for each band. The actual range is then determined by both the step size and the cardinality (element count) of the input domain. The step size is specified by an object with a _step_ property that provides the step size in pixels, for example `"range": {"step": 20}`.

This image from the [d3-scale documentation](https://github.com/d3/d3-scale#band-scales) illustrates how a band scale works:

| Property      | Type                          | Description    |
| :------------ | :---------------------------: | :------------- |
| align         | {% include type t="Number" %} | The alignment of elements within each band step, as a fraction of the step size (default `0.5`). This value must lie in the range [0,1].|
| padding       | {% include type t="Number" %} | Sets _paddingInner_ and _paddingOuter_ to the same padding value (default `0`). This value must lie in the range [0,1].|
| paddingInner  | {% include type t="Number" %} | The inner padding (spacing) within each band step, as a fraction of the step size (default `0`). This value must lie in the range [0,1].|
| paddingOuter  | {% include type t="Number" %} | The outer padding (spacing) at the ends of the scale range, as a fraction of the step size (default `0`). This value must lie in the range [0,1].|

### Point Scales

Point scales (`point`) are a variant of [band scales](#band) where the internal band width is fixed to zero. Point scales are typically used for scatterplots with an ordinal or categorical dimension. Similar to band scales, point scale _range_ values may be specified using either a numerical extent (`[0, 500]`) or a step size (`{"step": 20}`). As point scales do not have internal band widths (only step sizes between bands), they do not accept the _paddingInner_ property.

This image from the [d3-scale documentation](https://github.com/d3/d3-scale#band-scales) illustrates how a point scale works:

| Property      | Type                          | Description    |
| :------------ | :---------------------------: | :------------- |
| align         | {% include type t="Number" %} | The alignment of elements within each band step, as a fraction of the step size (default `0.5`). This value must lie in the range [0,1].|
| padding       | {% include type t="Number" %} | An alias for _paddingOuter_ (default `0`). This value must lie in the range [0,1].|
| paddingOuter  | {% include type t="Number" %} | The outer padding (spacing) at the ends of the scale range, as a fraction of the step size (default `0`). This value must lie in the range [0,1].|

[Back to scale type reference](#types)

## Discretizing Scales

Discretizing scales break up a continuous domain into discrete segments, and then map values in each segment to a range value.

### Quantile Scales

Quantile scales (`quantile`) map a sample of input domain values to a discrete range based on computed [quantile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantile) boundaries. The domain is considered continuous and thus the scale will accept any reasonable input value; however, the domain is specified as a discrete set of sample values. The number of values in (_i.e._, the cardinality of) the output range determines the number of quantiles that will be computed from the domain. To compute the quantiles, the domain is sorted, and treated as a population of discrete values. The resulting quantile boundaries segment the domain into groups with roughly equals numbers of sample points per group.

Quantile scales are particularly useful for creating color or size encodings with a fixed number of output values. Using a discrete set of encoding levels (typically between 5-9 colors or sizes) sometimes supports more accurate perceptual comparison than a continuous range. For related functionality see [quantize scales](#quantize), which partition the domain into uniform domain extents, rather than groups with equal element counts. Quantile scales have the benefit of evenly distributing data points to encoded values. In contrast, quantize scales uniformly segment the input domain and provide no guarantee on how data points will be distributed among the output visual values.

This example color-codes quantile values in five groups, using colors sampled from a continuous color scheme:

```json
{
  "name": "color",
  "scale": "quantile",
  "domain": {"data": "table", "field": "value"},
  "range": {"scheme": "plasma", "count": 5}
}
```

### Quantize Scales

Quantize scales (`quantize`) are similar to [linear scales](#linear), except they use a discrete rather than continuous range. The continuous input domain is divided into uniform segments based on the number of values in (_i.e._, the cardinality of) the output range. Each range value _y_ can be expressed as a quantized linear function of the domain value _x_: _y = m round(x) + b_.

Quantize scales are particularly useful for creating color or size encodings with a fixed number of output values. Using a discrete set of encoding levels (typically between 5-9 colors or sizes) sometimes supports more accurate perceptual comparison than a continuous range. For related functionality see [quantile scales](#quantile), which partition the domain into groups with equal element counts, rather than uniform domain extents.

| Property      | Type                           | Description    |
| :------------ | :----------------------------: | :------------- |
| nice          | {% include type t="Boolean|Number" %} | Extends the domain so that it starts and ends on nice round values. This method typically modifies the scale's domain, and may only extend the bounds to the nearest round value. Nicing is useful if the domain is computed from data and may be irregular. For example, for a domain of [0.201479…, 0.996679…], a nice domain might be [0.2, 1.0]. Domain values set via _domainMin_ and _domainMax_ (but **not** _domainRaw_) are subject to nicing. Using a number value for this parameter (representing a desired tick count) allows greater control over the step size used to extend the bounds, guaranteeing that the returned ticks will exactly cover the domain.|
| zero          | {% include type t="Boolean" %} | Boolean flag indicating if the scale domain should include zero (default `false`).|

This example color-codes a quantized domain using a 7-point color scheme:

```json
{
  "name": "color",
  "scale": "quantize",
  "domain": {"data": "table", "field": "value"},
  "range": {"scheme": "blues", "count": 7}
}
```

### Threshold Scales

Threshold scales (`threshold`) are similar to [quantize scales](#quantize), except they allow mapping of _arbitrary_ subsets of the domain (not uniform segments) to discrete values in the range. The input domain is still continuous, and divided into slices based on a set of threshold values provided to the _domain_ property. The _range_ property must have N+1 elements, where N is the number of threshold boundaries provided in the _domain_.

Given the following scale definition,

```json
{
  "name": "threshold",
  "type": "threshold",
  "domain": [0, 1],
  "range": ["red", "white", "blue"]
}
```

the scale will map domain values to color strings as follows:

```
-1   => "red"
0    => "white"
0.5  => "white"
1.0  => "blue"
1000 => "blue"
```

### Bin-Linear Scales

Binned linear scales (`bin-linear`) are a special type of [linear scale](#linear) for use with data that has been subdivided into bins (for example, using Vega's [bin transform](../transforms/bin)). The _domain_ values for a binned linear scale must be the set of all bin boundaries, from the minimum bin start to maximum bin end. Input domain values are discretized to the appropriate bin, and then run through a standard linear scale mapping. The main benefit of using `bin-linear` scales is that they provide "bin-aware" routines for sampling values and generating labels for inclusion in [legends](../legends). They are particularly useful for creating binned size encodings.

The trickiest part of using binned linear scales is retrieving the correct set of bin boundaries for the _domain_ property. Here is one way to do this in conjunction with a [bin transform](../transforms/bin):

```json
{
  "data": [
    {
      "name": "input",
      "transform": [
        { "type": "extent", "field": "value", "signal": "extent" },
        { "type": "bin", "extent": {"signal": "extent"}, "signal": "bins" }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "scales": [
    {
      "name": "size",
      "type": "bin-linear",
      "domain": {"signal": "sequence(bins.start, bins.stop + bins.step, bins.step)"},
      "range": [1, 1000]
    }
  ]
}
```

### Bin-Ordinal Scales

Binned ordinal scales (`bin-ordinal`) are a special type of [ordinal scale](#ordical) for use with data that has been subdivided into bins (for example, using Vega's [bin transform](../transforms/bin)). The _domain_ values for a binned ordinal scale must be the set of all bin boundaries, from the minimum bin start to maximum bin end. Input domain values are discretized to the appropriate bin, which is then treated as a standard ordinal scale input. The main benefit of using `bin-ordinal` scales is that they provide "bin-aware" routines for sampling values and generating labels for inclusion in [legends](../legends). They are particularly useful for creating binned color encodings.

The trickiest part of using binned ordinal scales is retrieving the correct set of bin boundaries for the _domain_ property. Here is one way to do this in conjunction with a [bin transform](../transforms/bin):

```json
{
  "data": [
    {
      "name": "input",
      "transform": [
        { "type": "extent", "field": "value", "signal": "extent" },
        { "type": "bin", "extent": {"signal": "extent"}, "signal": "bins" }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "scales": [
    {
      "name": "color",
      "type": "bin-ordinal",
      "domain": {"signal": "sequence(bins.start, bins.stop + bins.step, bins.step)"},
      "range": {"scheme": "greens"}
    }
  ]
}
```

[Back to scale type reference](#types)

## Scale Domains

Scale domains can be specified in multiple ways:

- As an [array](../types/#Array) literal of domain values. For example, `[0, 500]` or `['a', 'b', 'c']`. Array literals may include signal references as elements.
- A [signal reference](../types/#Signal) that resolves to a domain value array. For example, `{"signal": "myDomain"}`.
- A [data reference](#dataref) object that specifies field values in one or more data sets.

### Basic Data Reference

A basic _data reference_ indicates a data set, field name, and optional sorting for discrete scales:

| Property      | Type                           | Description    |
| :------------ | :----------------------------: | :------------- |
| data          | {% include type t="String" %}  | {% include required %} The name of the data set containing domain values.|
| field         | {% include type t="Field" %}   | {% include required %} The name of the data field (e.g., `"price"`).|
| sort          | {% include type t="Boolean" %}{% include or %}[Sort](#sort) | If a boolean `true` value, sort the domain values in ascending order. If object-valued, sort the domain according to the provided [sort parameters](#sort). Sorting is only supported for [discrete scale types](#discrete).|

For example, `"domain": {"data": "table", "field": "value"}`, derives a scale domain from the `value` field of data objects in the `table` data set. If the scale type is [quantitative](#quantitative) or a [`quantize`](#quantize), the derived domain will be a two-element [min, max] array. If the scale type is [discrete](#discrete), the derived domain will be an array of all distinct values. If the scale type is [`quantile`](#quantile), all values will be used to compute quantile boundaries.

### Multi-Field Data References

Scale domains can also be derived using values from multiple fields. Multiple fields from the same data set can be specified by replacing the _field_ property with a _fields_ property that takes an array of field names:

| Property      | Type                           | Description    |
| :------------ | :----------------------------: | :------------- |
| data          | {% include type t="String" %}  | {% include required %} The name of the data set containing domain values.|
| fields        | {% include type t="Field[]" %} | {% include required %} The names of the data field (e.g., `["price", "cost"]`).|
| sort          | {% include type t="Boolean" %}{% include or %}[Sort](#sort) | If a boolean `true` value, sort the domain values in ascending order. If object-valued, sort the domain according to the provided [sort parameters](#sort). Sorting is only supported for [discrete scale types](#discrete).|

More generally, scale domains may also use values pulled from different data sets. In this case, the domain object should have a _fields_ property, which is an array of basic data references:

| Property      | Type            | Description    |
| :------------ | :-------------: | :------------- |
| fields        | {% include array t="[DataRef](#dataref)" %} | {% include required %} An array of basic [data references](#dataref) indicating each data set and field value to include in the domain. In addition, array literals (e.g., `[0, 100]`, `["a", "b", "c"]`) may be included as elements of the _fields_ array for inclusion in the domain determination.|
| sort          | {% include type t="Boolean" %}{% include or %}[Sort](#sort) | If a boolean `true` value, sort the domain values in ascending order. If object-valued, sort the domain according to the provided [sort parameters](#sort). Sorting is only supported for [discrete scale types](#discrete).|

Here is an example that constructs a domain using the fields `price` and `cost` drawn from two different data sets:

```json
"domain": {
  "fields": [
    {"data": "table1", "field": "price"},
    {"data": "table2", "field": "cost"}
   ]
}
```

### Sorting Domains

The _sort_ property of a domain [data reference](#dataref) can accept, in addition to a simple boolean, an object-valued sort definition:

| Property      | Type                           | Description    |
| :------------ | :----------------------------: | :------------- |
| field         | {% include type t="Field" %}   | The data field to sort by. If unspecified, defaults to the field specified in the outer data reference.|
| op            | {% include type t="String" %}  | An aggregate operation to perform on the field prior to sorting. Examples include `count`, `mean` and `median`. This property is required in cases where the _sort_ field and the data reference _field_ do not match. The input data objects will be aggregated, grouped by data reference _field_ values. For a full list of operations, see the [aggregate transform](../transforms/aggregate/#ops).|
| order         | {% include type t="String" %}  | The sort order. One of `ascending` (default) or `descending`.|

This example sorts distinct `category` field values in descending order by the associated median of the `value` field:

```json
{
  "domain": {
    "data": "table",
    "field": "category",
    "sort": {"op": "median", "field": "value", "order": "descending"}
  }
}
```

This example sorts a multi-field domain in descending order based on the counts of each of the domain values:

```json
{
  "domain": {
    "data": "table",
    "fields": ["category1", "category2"],
    "sort": {"op": "count", "order": "descending"}
  }
}
```

**Note:** For domains drawn from multiple fields, the _sort.field_ property is not allowed and the only legal _op_ is `count`.

## Scale Ranges

Scale ranges can be specified in multiple ways:

- As an [array](../types/#Array) literal of range values. For example, `[0, 500]` or `['a', 'b', 'c']`. Array literals may include signal references as elements.
- A [signal reference](../types/#Signal) that resolves to a range value array. For example, `{"signal": "myRange"}`.
- A [color scheme reference](../schemes) for a color palette. For example, `{"scheme": "blueorange"}`.
- For [`ordinal`](#ordinal) scales only, a [data reference](#dataref) for a set of distinct field values. For example, `{"data": "table", "field": "value"}`.
- For [`band`](#band) and [`point`](#point) scales only, a [step size](#band) for each range band. For example, `{"step": 20}`.
- A string indicating a pre-defined [scale range default](#range-defaults). For example, `"width"`, `"symbol"`, or `"diverging"`.

### Scale Range Defaults

Scale ranges can also accept string literals that map to default values. Default values can be modified, and new named defaults can be added, by using custom [config settings](../config).

| Value         | Description    |
| :------------ | :------------- |
| `"width"`     | A spatial range determined by the value of the `width` signal. |
| `"height"`    | A spatial range determined by the value of the `height` signal. The direction of the range (top-to-bottom or bottom-to-top) is automatically determined according to the scale type.|
| `"symbol"`    | The default plotting symbol set to use for shape encodings.|
| `"category"`  | The default [categorical color scheme](../schemes/#categorical) to use for nominal data.|
| `"diverging"` | The default [diverging color scheme](../schemes/#diverging) to use for quantitative data.|
| `"ordinal"`   | The default [sequential color scheme](../schemes/#seq-single-hue) to use for ordinal data.|
| `"ramp"`      | The default [sequential color scheme](../schemes/#seq-single-hue) to use for quantitative data.|
| `"heatmap"`   | The default [sequential color scheme](../schemes/#seq-multi-hue) to use for quantitative heatmaps.|

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Sandi Toksvig looks at multiple Organisms. Where else are you going to meet the world's deadliest hunter, a photographer hidden inside an ox, and a juggling otter, all in the same room? With Nish Kumar, Cariad Lloyd and Holly Walsh.


About me: I´m 25 years old girl,and want to have penpals from all over the world.I will have friends most from Norvegia,cause I´m learning this language now,and I want to prove my langue skills in a better way:-)but you can write to me also in english.
About me: Hello,...when You write me, I would like to give and get knowing of You, Your life, country ...and more. Have a nice day.


Ousted president says he will not support government headed by the de facto leader.
"Sources here tell me that if there is any sign of progress, the deadline to confirm a unity cabinet will be extended," she said.
"The National Resistance Front, a group supporting Zelaya, also said that if the deposed president is not reinstated by midnight local time, they will call for a boycott of the November elections. They also warn that unrest in this country will escalate."
Under a deal brokered by the US last week, a Honduran unity government was to be established on Thursday.
The decision about whether to reinstate Zelaya was left to the Honduran congress, but the deal did not include a deadline for politicians to decide on his possible return.
Zelaya's refusal to support a national unity government came after he accused Micheletti of seeking to buy more time until polls for a new president at the end of the month.
Zelaya, who has been living in the Brazilian embassy in Tegucigalpa since his return in September, decided on Thursday that he would not present any candidates for the unity government, according to Rasel Tome, a Zelaya adviser.
"If there's no president, who will swear them [the new ministers] in?" Tome told AFP news agency.
The crisis deal, signed last Friday, calls for a unity government to start work on November 5.
It also calls for a return to the situation prior to June 28, when soldiers escorted Zelaya out of the country, and calls for the congress to vote on his return.
It provides no alternative if politicians reject the vote.
Jose Angel Saavedra, the president of the congress, said on Thursday that the 128-member body would not "avoid the historic responsibility" of deciding on Zelaya's return to power, but failed to give a date for the vote.
Opponents of the ousted leader say that the public vote was intended to measure support for an extension to presidential term limits, in Zelaya's favour.


text:
09:46, 9th Jan, 2023 by AriseNews
Raymond Dokpesi Released After Being Delayed By UK Police at London Airport
Dokpesi arrived via Frankfurt from Abuja on a Lufthansa airlines flight and was invited off the plane, before other passengers were disembarked.
The founder of DAAR Communications Plc High Chief Raymond Dokpesi (Ph.D) has been released after an incident which saw him delayed on arrival at the London Heathrow airport on Sunday January 8, 2022.
Dokpesi was delayed at the airport for some hours before his passport was stamped and he was cleared by British Immigration officials for entry into the country.
His visit to the United Kingdom is not unconnected to the invitation of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) presidential candidate Atiku Abubakar by the British government to share perspectives on issues around the 2023 presidential elections.
The media founder is the Deputy Director-General, Technical & Systems of the PDP Presidential Campaign Council.
"Chief Dokpesi wishes to thank all for their outpour of love, prayers and support following the news of the incident and to reassure that he is hale and hearty," a statement signed by the management of DAAR Communications said.
Nigeria's Economic and Financial Crimes Commission in Nigeria had in 2015, dragged Dokpesi to court and had accused him and his company of illegally receiving funds considered as proceeds of crimes from a former National Security Adviser (NSA), Colonel Sambo Dasuki.He pleaded not guilty to the charges and went further to file a no-case submission after the prosecution closed its case in November 2018 after calling 14 witnesses.


My coworker Jen recently got some disconcerting health news about her brother. Tests are being run and naturally minds are running wild. I really admire her positive attitude despite the circumstances and have been keeping her in my thoughts. Sometimes, its nice to hear from someone else that it's just not fair.
I am so sorry to hear of your brother's recent health news. I can only imagine the roller coaster of emotions you and your family must be experiencing. Please know you are all in my thoughts. And if there is anything I can do to help, I hope you will ask. This kind of thing is never fair, and all I can say is I am so sorry.
I know your brother is so lucky to have you in his life, supporting and cheering him during this difficult time. And I know it can be exhausting buoying the spirits of others when you're experiencing the same fears. As such, I'm enclosing a little Be Optimistic post card for you to use at your discretion. Hopefully it will give you a much deserved day off, at the very least.
P.S. Make yourself a drink!


This small wasp was identified as Xanthopimpla spp. by Ken Walker on Bowerbird website. Then identified as Poecilocryptus galliphagus by Tony D. who gave reason as to why it was not Xanthopimpla spp. It does look like the specimen of P. galliphagus on the Museum website.


This is a placeholder page for Rachel Mcgee, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find Rachel Mcgee.
You are visiting the placeholder page for Rachel Mcgee. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for Rachel Mcgee. We created this page automatically in hopes Rachel Mcgee would find it. If you are not Rachel Mcgee, but are an alumni of Eastern Alamance High School, register on this site for free now.


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The Cheshire League hosted its Annual General Meeting at Altrincham Football Club this evening and it was confirmed that West's Reserve side will continue in Cheshire League One for the season ahead.
Last season they were promoted to League One as part of the division's expansion to 16 teams on their way to securing a 6th place finish.
They will be joined by Garswood United and Styal who have been relegated from the Premier Division. In addition they will be joined by Windle Labour and Deva Christleton who were promoted from League Two last season.
Here is the constitution for 2017/18 in full.


ZIZ News…Oct 21, 2010 – Hundreds of people from Old Road and its surrounding villages, showed up at the Verchilds playfield on Sunday 17th October, to honor the two Eldest persons in Old road on Sunday 17th October. The two honored were Miss Henrietta "Miss Henny" Julius who made 100 years in April of this year and Mr. Geaorge "Geaorgie" Wigley, who made 90 years old on the 30th of September.
This special event was organised by the newly -formed community group, C.U.E.T (Community Enhancement Upliftment Team). The event began with a formal ceremony that featured some of the best young singers, and dancers in the community, plus a special performance of "Start Counting Your Blessings" dedicated to Mr Wigley and Miss Julius by Masud Sadiki. The Master of Ceremonies Mrs. Carleen Agard Delaney did an excellent job in running the programme smoothly.
During the ceremony two documentary videos, that featured testimonies from family, friends and well wishers of the honorees, were shown on large a screen television. Persons featured on the video documentary spoke highly of the honorees and of their significant contribution to the community.
Mr. Wigley was a very popular fisherman, and influential musician in the community. He played steelpan with a group called Brute Force from Old Road. He also played guitar and quartro in a folklore group that played "nearga business" during the carnival season. He has always been a kind and friendly person to all. He has been married to his wife Marguerette for over fifty years.
Miss Julius, at 100 years old can still thread a needle, wash and cook her own food. She has a very peaceful and contented spirit. She gave birth to and raised an only child, a son and also mothered many children from the community. Family members say that she has always been the one to keep the family together. She looks so vibrant and youthful at 100, and that makes her a great source of inspiration to all who meet her. She is a real role model and great source of inspiration for all.
C.U.E.T's President Mr. Marcello Agard told the community that CUET was formed to inspire community spirit and togetherness and to uplift the community through various programs and activities. He also spoke about the importance of honoring our Elders. During the ceremony everyone could see the pride and appreciation on faces of the Honorees.
After the presentation of plaques to the Honorees, the crowd was treated with a very exciting line up of singers from the community. Some of the performers who were all backed by Lava Ground Sound were, Sweet Voices, Trebla, Askenaz, Natural, and Emotional. To put the icing on the cake patrons got a sweet dose of live musical entertainment from the "Sweetest band in the world" Small Axe. The crowd jammed, jumped and waved in true community spirit.
C.U.E.T (Community Enhancement Upliftment Team) was formed after its members participated in a sixteen (16) week capacity building course, organized by BNTF (Basic Needs Trust Fund) and the Department of Community and Social Affairs. CUET serves the community from Challengers to New Guinea.To date C.U.E.T have organized computer classes for primary school students ,Computer lessons for small business persons and skilled persons in the community, party for the Verchilds High School Athletics Team and Cheer Leaders, and most recently a community clean up on Saturday 16th October.


text:
Acknowledgement for the late Elizabeth Daly (Cookstown)
Daly. Elizabeth: 12th January 2021: 14 Mulnagore Road, Cookstown BT80 9BS.
Elizabeth's family, Sean, Cormac, Clodagh and Keara, daughters-in-law Wendy and Justine, sons-in- law Eugene and Plunkett, grandchildren Grace, Eve, Eoin, Sarah, Mary and Peter wish to express our sincere thanks to all who sympathised with us on the passing of our dear Mother, Mother-in-law and Grandmother.
Thank you to all who cared for Elizabeth throughout her life including the staff of Ardmore Surgery Dungannon, Dungannon Community Integrated Care Team, the various Care Workers who called with Elizabeth in her later years including those from the Southern Trust Domiciliary Care Team and Clogher Valley Care and the staff of the Torrent Pharmacy Donaghmore and Medichem Pharmacy Dungannon. Special thanks also to all in Corkhill Care Centre who cared for Elizabeth with such a dignified and empathetic manner while she lived with them for a period of time; it truly was a home from home for Elizabeth.
Heartfelt thanks to all who respected our request for adherence to current Covid wake restrictions whilst providing much needed support via telephone calls, social media and delivery of food over the waking period.
To all our relatives, friends, neighbours, work colleagues and members of Donaghmore Ladies GAA who stood at various points along the route from our home to Donaghmore and to those who respectfully remained outside the church for the duration of the Mass and subsequent burial, thank you for your support. Your presence was of great comfort to us.
Thank you to Fr Moore for his pastoral care and celebration of the Requiem Mass which included a fitting homily perfectly capturing Elizabeth's love for life, her family and her faith. To Caoimhe Loughran and Patrick Slevin for the beautiful singing and music, thank you for gracefully enhancing the ceremony. To everyone who viewed the Mass via webcam, we knew you were with us in spirit, thank you for joining us.
Our appreciation also to Patrick Quinn and Son Funeral Directors who carried out Elizabeth's wake and funeral arrangements in a caring, dignified and professional manner.
To all who sent Mass cards, sympathy cards, letters expressing love and respect for our beautiful mother, to all who sent messages via social media and to those who sent floral arrangements both to the grave and to our home, we offer our heartfelt thanks and appreciation.
Finally, as it is not possible to thank everyone individually, we trust that this acknowledgement will be accepted by all as an expression of our sincere gratitude.
Elizabeth's Month's Mind Mass will be held in St Patrick's Church Donaghmore on Thursday 11th February 2021 at 7.30 pm and can be viewed on Webcam via the donaghmoreparish.ie website.
Claggan, Cookstown, Belfast.