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Tag: national catholic reporter
Paprocki and Danneels, one side of the same-sex marriage coin
"Paprocki said he could accept some legal protections for same-sex couples, but that same-sex marriage is "inimical to the common good" and civil unions often are marriage masquerading under another name."
"It is a good thing for states to regulate relations between people of the same sex, but for the Church that is not true marriage, between man and woman. So you must add a new word to the dictionary. But the fact that it is legal […] is not something that the Church can say anything about."
Two quotes from two different sources. In recent days, one has generally been hailed as brave and Catholic, the other as in defiance to what the Church teaches and pandering to society's whims. The first quote is from Michael Clancy in the National Catholic Reporter, describing a comment made by Bishop Thomas Paprocki of Springfield (pictured at left) in a debate about same-sex marriage, the other from Godfried Cardinal Danneels (pictured below) in an interview for De Tijd. Bishop Paprocki is generally much appreciated in orthodox Catholic circles, and rightly so, while Cardinal Danneels is not, and often just as rightly so. But in this case, it appears as if the same thoughts and comments are treated differently, solely based upon who uttered them.
The issue of same-sex marriage is a thorny one, as it involves two different schools of thought on what marriage is, the secular and the religious. Add to that the often emotional and personal involvement of many different people, and you have what appears to be a recipe for disaster. The former point is clear, for example, in Bishop Paprocki's distinction between civil unions and marriage: that is a distinction the Church generally upholds, also for marriage between a man and woman, who don't actually get married in the civil ceremony. That is another type of union, a profoundly secular one. And can the Church exert any influence on that, as Cardinal Danneels asks? He clearly says she can't, whereas Bishop Paprocki considers it harmful to the common good, and so already says something about it. The Church can't order the state on what to do, that much is true, but she can, indeed she must, remain vocal about what is and is not allowed in a state. That is a direct consequence of the Church having and upholding a set of morals. So if we read Cardinal Danneels' comment as a statement against the Church saying anything about same-sex marriage, we are mistaken. And if Cardinal Danneels meant to say that, he is equally mistaken.
Balancing the Church's opposition to a changed definition of marriage is the fact that she is called to defend the dignity of all humans, regardless of sex, creed, race, language or sexual orientation. In that context, the Church must welcome legal protection and benefits for persons with same-sex attraction, just as she must for others. If a state chooses to recognise the fact that two persons of the same sex have formed a union and therefore have the right to legal protection and recognition, the Church can't do anything but support that. That is not the same as recognising the morality of that union, but merely a recognition that the union exists and that it involves two people with their innate human dignity. But a union between people, be they friends, family, of the same sex or different sexes, is not automatically marriage.
Marriage in the original Christian definition, is not only about a union between two people. There are other factors which combined make a union a marriage: the free decision to enter into it, for example, but also, and this is the one that caps the union both parties entered into, the openness to new life. If one of those, or other, factors are not present, there can be no marriage. It is a union, but not a marriage.
All the above, the facts on the ground, the dignity of all human beings and the morality of actions, do not change the Church's teaching about same-sex marriage and homosexuality in general. In fact, they are all enveloped by this teaching. No one, in or outside the Church, can arbitrarily change the definition of marriage. But that fact should never be understood as discriminatory towards certain people, or as a reason to look down upon or exclude them. Their human dignity means that we are not allowed to do so. We must found a middle way between impossibility and rights, between facts and desires.
So, no, we can't call a union between two persons of the same sex a marriage, as its very nature prevents it from fulfilling what marriage calls for: the openness to life. But neither can we bar people with same-sex attraction from the legal rights and protections enjoyed by other persons. So, as both Bishop Paprocki and Cardinal Danneels have stated, the Church can support a state's legal regulation and protection of same-sex unions, but she can't change what marriage is, can't support the state doing that, and nor should she be forced to pretend to.
And in closing, let's not muddle the issue, which is sensitive and difficult enough, with our thoughts about who said what. Even people we don't often agree with can be correct.
Posted on June 8, 2013 Categories Catholic Church in Belgium, reflections, World ChurchTags bishop thomas paprocki, de tijd, godfried cardinal danneels, homosexuality, law, life, marriage, morality, national catholic reporter, secularism6 Comments on Paprocki and Danneels, one side of the same-sex marriage coin
Interview with Msgr. Guido Marini
John Allen of the National Catholic Reporter was able to have an interview with Msgr. Guido Marini, the papal master of ceremonies. It's fairly short, but it is a nice follow-up on Msgr. Marini's address at the Clergy Conference in January.
The interview specifically focusses on what the 'reform of the reform' actually is, and Pope Benedict XVI's style in effecting changes.
Read my translation here.
Posted on March 5, 2010 Categories World ChurchTags clergy conference 2010, john allen, liturgy, msgr. guido marini, national catholic reporter, pope benedict xvi, translationLeave a comment on Interview with Msgr. Guido Marini
Cardinals according to John Allen
In the National Catholic Reporter, John L. Allen shines his light on future cardinals. He writes and creates the following list:
• Archbishop Paolo Romeo, Palermo, Italy
• Archbishop Giuseppe Bettori, Florence, Italy
• Archbishop André-Joseph Léonard, Brussels, Belgium
• Archbishop Vincent Nichols, Westminster, Great Britain
• Archbishop Timothy Dolan, New York
• Archbishop Donald Wuerl, Washington, D.C.
• Archbishop Orani João Tempesta, Rio de Janiero, Brazil
• Archbishop Braulio Rodríguez Plaza, Toledo, Spain
• Archbishop Carlos Osoro Sierra, Valencia, Spain
• Archbishop Juan José Asenjo Pelegrina, Seville, Spain
• Archbishop Francis Xavier Kriengsak Kovithavanij, Bangkok, Thailand
• Archbishop Joseph Ngô Quang Kiêt, Ha Noi, Vietnam
• Archbishop Laurent Monsengwo Pasinya, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
• Archbishop Kazimierz Nycz, Warsaw, Poland
• Archbishop Willem Jacobus Eijk, Utrecht, The Netherlands
• Archbishop Reinhard Marx, Munich and Freising, Germany
There's also a slew of Vatican officials in a holding pattern to join the College of Cardinals, including:
• Archbishop Angelo Amato, Congregation for the Causes of Saints
• Archbishop Velasio De Paolis, Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See
• Archbishop Raymond Burke, Apostolic Signatura
• Archbishop Fortunato Baldelli, Apostolic Penitentiary
• Archbishop Gianfranco Ravasi, Pontifical Council for Culture
• Archbishop Antonio Maria Vegliò, Pontifical Council for Migrants and Itinerant Peoples
• Archbishop Zygmunt Zimowski, Pontifical Council for Health Care Workers
• Archbishop Francesco Monterisi, Archpriest of the Basilica of St. Paul outside the Walls
There is not much overlap with the list I created here, although that can be said to be due to the fact that I took the next two years in consideration, while Allen focusses solely on this year. Still, Archbishop Eijk is among them, as is the new archbishop of Brussels, Msgr. Léonard, and he mentions the possibility of new cardinals in African sees, like I did when I pondered the possibility of a new cardinal from Cameroon.
Allen's list is a very western affair, with many cardinals from Europe or North America. Traditionally, Europe is the place where important members of the curia come from, of course, so perhaps the lack of African and Asian prelates is due to the fact that the current cardinals from there are still so relatively new (elevated by Pope John Paul II) that they're not too close to retirement yet.
I have some reservations about Allen's list, though. Both archbishops Eijk and Léonard are new enough that they could be kept waiting a while (Léonard is not even installed as archbishop yet), and the same may be said for Archbishops Nichols, Dolan, Marx and Burke. However, we will undoubtedly see in due time, quite possibly somewhere before the end of the year.
Posted on February 8, 2010 February 8, 2010 Categories World ChurchTags archbishop andré-joseph léonard, archbishop angelo amato, archbishop antonio maria vegliò, archbishop braulio rodríguez plaza, archbishop carlos osoro sierra, archbishop donald wuerl, archbishop fortunato baldelli, archbishop francesco monterisi, archbishop francia xavier kriengsak kovithavanij, archbishop gianfranco ravasi, archbishop guiseppe bettori, archbishop joseph ngô quang kiêt, archbishop juan josé asenjo pelegrina, archbishop kazimierz nycz, archbishop laurent monsengwo pasinya, archbishop orani joão tempesta, archbishop paolo remoo, archbishop raymond burke, archbishop reinhard marx, archbishop timothy dolan, archbishop velasio de paolis, archbishop vincent nichols, archbishop wim eijk, archbishop zygmunt zimowski, consistory, john allen, national catholic reporter, pope john paul ii7 Comments on Cardinals according to John Allen


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Tag Archives: State Defense Council
Posted on March 2, 2016 by Josh
Over a quarter million Floridian men and women of all races joined the military during World War II, but civilians had a role to play in national defense as well. With over a thousand miles of coastline, Florida was particularly vulnerable to enemy air attacks. Recently developed long-range bombers had the ability to carry large quantities of explosives far from their base, and radar detection was still in an early phase. Thousands of Floridian civilians helped meet this threat by signing up for duty as ground observers for the Aircraft Warning Service.
An observation tower in Madison County used by the Aircraft Warning Service during World War II (ca. 1940s).
The Aircraft Warning Service was administrated by the United States Army Air Corps, but keeping a constant watch on every patch of sky over the coastal states required far more manpower than the Army could spare. That's where civilians came into play. Once Army planners decided where the observation posts needed to be, they relied on local county and city defense councils to appoint local civilians to operate them.
Ground observers came from all walks of life. Retirees, students, housewives, laborers, and professionals alike volunteered their time to learn the shapes and markings of various aircraft and keep an eye on the skies. Teams of fifteen to twenty observers were assigned to staff each observation post in shifts. Each post was located near the center of a watch area consisting of about 36 square miles. The Aircraft Warning Service was originally organized in late June 1941; by mid-September eager civilians had already organized over 500 of the 880 posts planned for Florida.
Map of Aircraft Warning Service observation posts in Florida as of September 20, 1941 – Box 35, folder 7, State Defense Council Subject Files (Series 419), State Archives of Florida.
With war looming in late 1941, the Army had neither the time nor the money to build new civilian observation posts or supply them with sophisticated communications equipment. Instead, the Aircraft Warning Service used existing fire towers and other elevated structures, and trained volunteers to communicate their observations quickly using existing telephone lines. When observers sighted an aircraft, they were instructed to immediately contact their local telephone operator, who would connect them directly with a regional "filter center" set up to process aircraft sightings. The observers were given a specific form to use in reporting what they saw. In theory, if an enemy airplane was to enter United States airspace, the Army would be able to use data received from multiple observation posts to tracks its movements.
One of the centers where U.S. Army personnel compiled information from ground observers to track the movement of aircraft over U.S. airspace – Box 48, folder 7, State Defense Council Subject Files (Series 419), State Archives of Florida.
Flash message form used by Aircraft Warning Service ground observers (ca. 1940s) – Box 35, folder 7, State Defense Council Subject Files (Series 419), State Archives of Florida.
The system received its most dramatic test in December 1943 when aircraft spotters at an observation post in West Palm Beach reported an actual German plane flying over the Florida coast. The spotters, Mr. and Mrs. Merrill Smith and Mrs. Herbert Weiss, performed their duty exactly as they had been trained. They sent a "flash message" to the United States Army Air Corps by telephone, correctly identifying the aircraft as a German JU-88 and giving its location and bearing.
Luckily, although the plane was indeed German, the pilot at the controls was an American. According to contemporary newspaper reports, a disgruntled German pilot had voluntarily turned the aircraft over to Allied personnel in almost mint condition. The plane was subsequently flown back to the United States, where it was given a thorough examination by Army aviation experts. Allied aerial squadrons had been notified of the enemy plane's planned voyage, but so far as the civilians ground observers knew, it could have been the start of a real attack!
The Aircraft Warning Service is just one of many ways Floridian civilians aided the Allied war effort during World War II. Visit our Florida in World War II exhibit for more information. Also, if you're interested in learning how your Florida community responded to civilian defense challenges during this conflict, consider visiting the State Library & Archives to check out the subject files of the Florida State Defense Council (Record Series 419). Get started by reading our recent blog describing these records.
Posted in History Brief	|
Tags: Aircraft Warning Service, civilian defense, homefront, observation towers, State Defense Council, Third Interceptor Command, U.S. Army Air Corps, World War II
Researching the Homefront
Posted on August 3, 2015 by Josh
Today's post is part of the Florida Department of State's Victory Florida campaign to commemorate the contributions of Floridian men and women to winning World War II. Help us get the word out by sharing this and other related posts on social media using the hashtag #VictoryFL.
Americans nationwide are preparing to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II. The weekend of August 14-16 will mark the 70th anniversary of Japan's announcement that it would surrender, while September 2nd will be the anniversary of the formal ending of hostilities.
Bird's eye view of the Victory Club of the Florida State College for Women in Tallahassee, standing in a "V for Victory" formation (1942).
Over 248,000 Floridians, including more than 50,000 African Americans, served in the military during the war, while the state itself served as a year-round training center with over 170 military installations. Florida's population grew by leaps and bounds during and after the war, as many former military personnel decided to make the Sunshine State their permanent home.
It goes without saying that Florida's military contributions to the war were vital, but Floridians on the homefront also played an essential role in achieving victory. Citizens from all walks of life – men and women, whites and African Americans, city dwellers and rural folks – poured countless hours into civilian defense programs designed to keep Florida safe and prepared for any possibility. They took stock of food, water, and medicine supplies, organized carpools and child care services for working mothers, planned recreational activities for the men and women in uniform, and even helped watch the skies and seas for signs of the enemy.
Scrap metal collection was a vital homefront program. Seen here are several Floridians in Pensacola with a large collection of scrap metal and rubber (circa 1943).
This organizational chart demonstrates the breadth of the projects undertaken by the State Defense Council and its local branches. Shown here are the various state committees, along with the organizations with which they cooperated (Box 14, Series 419 – State Defense Council Records, State Archives of Florida). Click to enlarge.
Many of these programs were administrated by Florida's State Defense Council, a state-level counterpart of the national Office of Civilian Defense. Each county had its own defense council, with committees assigned to take on various tasks associated with civilian defense. Because these entities answered to the State Defense Council, many of their records have been preserved at the State Library and Archives in Tallahassee in Record Series 419. For the local historian working on a history of a particular Florida community or county, these records can be invaluable for understanding how local leaders helped meet the serious challenges of World War II. Genealogists may also find it interesting to learn how various relatives participated in civilian defense work. Here are some examples of the kinds of records available:
Personnel Lists & Organizational Charts
Each county and many cities had their own defense councils, administrated by community leaders and supported by hundreds of local volunteers. Many of the committee chairpersons were required to submit oaths of allegiance before their appointments to local leadership positions would be confirmed by the state and made official by the Governor. The local council also had to notify the state if there were any changes in personnel as the war progressed. All of this activity was documented through correspondence and lists of essential defense council leaders. Local and family historians can use this information to determine who was in charge of each area of civilian defense work during the war in a given community.
A leadership roster from the Dixie County Defense Council, showing who was in charge of the various committees. This sort of roster is available for most counties in Florida (Box 16, Series 419 – State Defense Council Records, State Archives of Florida).
Chart suggesting a method for organizing civilian defense volunteers. Note that the chart provides alternative arrangements for areas with varying population density (Box 14. State Defense Council Records – Series 419, State Archives of Florida).
Local Programs & Advertisements
Local defense councils, especially those in Florida's larger cities, designed intricate programs to handle basic needs like child care for working mothers, transportation, and spreading information about air raid drills, blackouts, and other safety measures. Many of the child care centers, supply distribution points, and other agencies created during the war disappeared quickly after victory, leaving little trace of their existence. The records in Series 419 can help local historians piece together what these entities were doing, where they were doing it, and who was in charge.
Example: Leaflet describing wartime child care services in Duval County established by the local school board and the Duval County Defense Council (Box 16, Series 419 – State Defense Council Records, State Archives of Florida.
Map on back cover
Flyer produced by the Dade County Defense Council encouraging citizens to volunteer (Box 12, Series 419 – State Defense Council Records, State Archives of Florida).
While much of the correspondence between the State Defense Council and the local defense councils consists of routine business, some of the letters contain excellent descriptions of the work being done, and of the challenges local leaders faced in getting the supplies they needed, the information they wanted, and so on. These letters are a must for anyone working on the history of civilian defense work in a Florida community. Here is an example of one such letter to the State Defense Council from Mrs. C.C. Codrington of Lake City, who had volunteered to chair a local campaign to recruit women into the Women's Army Corps. She describes speaking to local civic clubs about her work, working with local theater managers to show informative films, and starting work in the local high school library. Mrs. Codrington's oath of allegiance was enclosed with the letter.
Source: Box 12, Series 419 – State Defense Council Records, State Archives of Florida.
These are only a few examples of the many gems to be found in the records of the State Defense Council at the State Archives of Florida. If you or someone you know is working on a history of your Florida community during World War II, visit us and have a look. More information on Series 419 may be obtained from the Archives Online Catalog, or you may contact the State Archives directly by email at Archives@dos.myflorida.com or by phone at (850)-245-6719.
Also, don't forget to share this post with friends or family who may be interested in learning more about Florida's World War II contributions. Use the hashtag #VictoryFL to help more people find this and other related posts!
Posted in For Teachers, History Brief, Research Hint	|
Tags: civilian defense, Columbia County, Dade County, Dixie County, Lake City, local history, research hints, State Archives of Florida, State Defense Council, Victory Florida, World War II
Have You Heard of Milwaukee Springs?
Posted on June 16, 2014 by Josh
Milwaukee Springs was a segregated African-American recreational area operating northwest of Gainesville in Alachua County at least as early as 1940. During World War II, white and African-American leaders alike had high hopes it would be turned into a health and recreation facility for African-American soldiers stationed at Camp Blanding and elsewhere.
Taken by photographer Charles Foster, this is the only photograph Florida Memory has of Milwaukee Springs, a segregated recreational area for African-Americans in Alachua County. Documentary evidence suggests it was located northwest of Gainesville (circa 1940).
One of the earliest references to Milwaukee Springs comes from a biennial report of the Florida Fresh Water Fish and Game Commission published in 1940, which briefly notes that the commission's game technician had participated in a wildlife camp for African-American boys held at this location.
The site surfaces again in the paper trail during World War II. As war clouds threatened during the months before Pearl Harbor, the state government and local communities organized defense councils to coordinate preparations for the U.S. to enter the conflict. With Jim Crow in full force throughout Florida at this time, communities frequently used separate organizations to coordinate the wartime efforts of African-American civilians, with their leaders keeping in close contact with their white counterparts for the sake of cooperation.
One of several posters contained in the papers of the State Defense Council of Florida, which helped organize communities across the state to meet the needs of the war effort during World War II (circa 1942).
Managing and rationing supplies and manpower were critical, of course, but these defense councils also planned for recreation, for civilians and soldiers alike. A number of African-American leaders were concerned that troops of their race had too few options for recreational activities, which was bad for morale. A group of local Alachua County citizens led by Charles Chestnut, president of the Colored Businessmen's Association of Gainesville and chairman of a local African-American civil defense organization, proposed that Milwaukee Springs be converted into a facility to provide African-American soldiers with a place to relax during their time away from Camp Blanding or other nearby military posts.
Excerpt from the minutes of a meeting of the Negro Coordinating Committee on National Defense held in Tampa, December 17, 1941 (Series 419 – Papers of the State Defense Council, Box 33, State Archives of Florida)
Chestnut's proposal won the endorsement of local Alachua County representative Samuel Wyche Getzen, and together these men called on Mary McLeod Bethune of the federal Office of Negro Affairs and Executive Secretary James White of the NAACP for help in getting the federal government involved.
Samuel W. Getzen (second from left) with his family upon the unveiling of his portrait in the chamber of the Florida House of Representatives. Getzen had been the Speaker of the Florida House in 1929. Photo dated 1959.
Photo of Mary McLeod Bethune in front of White Hall on the Bethune-Cookman College campus. The photo is believed to have been taken around the time Bethune was serving as the Director of the Office of Negro Affairs in President Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration (circa 1940s).
Although the Federal Security Administration appears to have visited the site to consider the project's worthiness, and a public hearing was held to discuss the matter in early 1942, it is unclear whether Milwaukee Springs ever became the center of African-American health and recreation its sponsors had hoped for. In fact, aside from a few references in the documents of Florida's State Defense Council and the papers of the NAACP, very little else exists to document the site.
If you or someone you know has more information about Milwaukee Springs, we'd love to know about it. Contact us using our web feedback form, and mention this blog post in the subject line.
Posted in History Brief, Photos, Places	|
Tags: African-Americans, Alachua County, Gainesville, May McLeod Bethune, Milwaukee Springs, mystery, NAACP, recreation, segregation, State Archives of Florida, State Defense Council, World War II
Florida's Junior Scrap Army During World War II
Posted on June 4, 2014 by Josh
During World War II, the enormous demand for steel, aluminum, and other metals led the War Production Board to launch a nationwide campaign to salvage scrap. Everyone from state and local Defense Councils to the Boy Scouts combed local communities for sources of scrap metal that could be melted down and re-purposed for ships, guns, vehicles, and other war materiels.
Part of a poster encouraging housewives to save tin cans for scrap metal. From the papers of the State Defense Council, circa 1940s.
As part of this national effort, Florida's State Defense Council and Department of Education teamed up to develop the Junior Scrap Army program in 1942. State School Superintendent Colin English challenged every pupil in the Sunshine State to collect as much scrap metal as possible and turn it in at their local schools, where it would be weighed. The program was competitive; the schools and individuals collecting the most scrap would be entitled to a prize.
Results from a scrap metal and rubber drive in Pensacola (circa 1942).
The enthusiasm exhibited by Florida's school children in this competition was incredible. One student reportedly was out until nearly midnight on the very last night before the contest deadline with her grandfather's truck, collecting as much metal as possible to add to her total. In Perry, pupils from a physical education class dug up ice manufacturing equipment that had been discarded and buried nearly twenty years earlier. At least four students collected over a thousand pounds of scrap each, and Polk County reported collecting 375 pounds of old keys alone for re-purposing. The heat of the competition reached even into the highest levels of state government, as Governor Spessard Holland accepted a challenge from California Governor Culbert L. Olson to see which state could collect the most metal on a per capita basis.
Individual top scrappers and representatives from the top scrapping schools visit with former governor Fred P. Cone in Lake City. L to R: Albert W. Thompson, Betty Lou Smith, Gov. Fred P. Cone, Gwendolyn Willcocks, Joseph Thibodeaux, and Allen Shelton, with Dale Maxwell in front (December 1942).
When the dust settled after a month of scrapping, Green Acres and Loxahatchee schools of Palm Beach County and Cape Florida School of Dade County emerged as the top collecting schools. Each won the right to send a delegate to participate in the dedication and launching of the Liberty Ship Colin P. Kelly, Jr., named after the Madison County, Florida airman who was among the first to perish in combat after the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. The top three individual collectors also earned the right to attend and represent the state. Gwendolyn Willcocks, 15, from Palm Beach High School, personally collected 101,116 pounds of scrap metal. Joining her was Betty Lou Smith, 10, of Coral Gables Elementary School, who collected 156,160 pounds, and Dale Maxwell, 9, of Pahokee, who collected a whopping 202,650 pounds of scrap metal for the drive.
Florida's top scrappers viewing the gold star for fallen hero Colin Kelly, Jr. at his family's church in Madison. L to R: Gwendolyn Willcocks, Betty Lou Smith, Joseph Thibodeaux, Albert W. Thompson, Allen Shelton, and Dale Maxwell (December 1942).
The six met in Jacksonville for a tour that included stops in Lake City, Madison, and Tallahassee before moving on to Mobile for the dedication and launch of the U.S. Liberty Ship Colin P. Kelly, Jr. Gwendolyn Willcocks broke the traditional bottle of champagne against the hull while Mary Lou Smith used a hatchet to cut the ship loose and allow it to enter the water for service. Dale Maxwell, whose enormous contribution to the drive made him both the state and national scrap collecting champion, said a few words to the crowd. In describing his triumph, he said, "I didn't set out to be top collector. I wanted to do my part for the war effort. And I haven't stopped by any means. I shall continue to collect scrap as long as this war lasts."
As part of their trip, Florida's top scrappers were treated to a stay at the Governor's Mansion, where they were the guests of Governor and Mrs. Spessard Holland. Here they are pictured gathered around the Governor's desk. L to R: Betty Lou Smith, Albert W. Thompson, Allen Shelton, Joseph Thibodeaux, and Dale Maxwell, with Gwendolyn Willcocks seated (December 1942).
Florida's First Lady, Mary Holland, playing Chinese checkers with her house guests at the Governor's Mansion in Tallahassee (December 1942). Seated around the table are Gwendolyn Willcocks, Allen Shelton, Mrs. Holland, and Albert W. Thompson (?).
Allen Shelton is the center of attention during a visit of Florida's top scrappers to the Florida State College for Women (December 1942).
The family of Colin Kelly, Jr. standing in front of the ship to be dedicated to his memory in Mobile, Alabama. From L to R: Emy Kelly (Colin, Jr.'s sister), Mrs. and Mr. Colin Kelly, Sr. (December 1942).
Dale Maxwell, the youngest member of Florida's top scrapper delegation, gives a speech at the launch of the U.S. Liberty Ship Colin P. Kelly, Jr. in Mobile, Alabama (December 1942).
Gwendolyn Willcocks holding flowers and a bottle of champagne to break against the hull of the U.S. Liberty Ship Colin P. Kelly during its dedication ceremony at Mobile, Alabama (December 1942).
This is just one of the many stories of courageous homefront contributions by Floridians during World War II. Search the Florida Photographic Collection for more images relating to the war effort in Florida, and check out our learning unit on the subject.
Most of the photos in this post are from the subject files of the State Defense Council of Florida, an agency charged with preparing Florida and Floridians for the challenges of World War II. The collection (Series 419) is available to researchers at the State Archives in Tallahassee.
Posted in History Brief, Photos, Uncategorized	|
Tags: civilians, combat, community service, home front, homefront, recycling, Scrap, State Defense Council, War Production Board, World War II
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If seclusion prompted serious debate amongst mental health professionals in the late 1980s and early 1990s, then the question of physical restraint as a therapeutic intervention for managing aggression is increasingly becoming an area of concern at the start of the twenty-first century.
As a consequence of this, there appears to be an upsurge of interest in anger management interventions; for example, there has been considerable growth in anger management group work in prisons. It seems likely that anger management work will continue to be a growth area. A positive upsurge of interest such as this lends itself to the question: Can anger management as a therapeutic intervention become the next trend for mental health practitioners, diminishing, if not eliminating, the need to use such restraints as physical restraint or seclusion?
Both British and American researchers have stressed in recent studies that despite the growth in the interest and practice of anger management work, the use of restraint has become part of routine hospital care, particularly when assisting in the management of difficult/challenging behavior. Restraint is the most frequently cited intervention.
Therefore, from the introduction above, the author would conclude that there appears to be two major therapeutic interventions: anger management, which is increasing in use within practice as a therapeutic intervention, and restraint use, which is the most frequently used therapeutic intervention. In practice, however, it could be suggested that with each of these interventions the problems lay in determining the most appropriate response in any given situation, especially when addressing challenging/selfinjurious behavior.
Drawing from relevant literature, including the presentation of a case study, the author has critically analysed the use of restraint as a therapeutic intervention in comparison and contrast with anger management as a therapeutic intervention.
Coping with violent patients has been the routine of psychiatry for hundreds of years. Prior to the introduction of the Code of Practice (1983) and the Mental Health Act (1983), clinical guidelines designed to address the problem of violence have been dependent upon subjective views of the person in charge of the clinical environment.
In 1981, the Home Office via the prison service introduced a system of interventions based around the martial art of jujitsu. The aim of this technique – named control and restraint – was to manage violence in a consistent and effective method. Obviously impressed with the effectiveness of these techniques, hospitals throughout the country embraced control and restraint, and subsequently staff begun training in these techniques.
Twenty years on, and both the MHA and the Code of Practice have acknowledged the effectiveness of the use of control and restraint within the clinical environment.
Despite these acknowledgements, control and restraint, including physical restraint, is still questioned by forensic practitioners and researchers. This could be due to the growing concerns and criticisms of those applying the technique and those receiving it. In addition, it has been recognized by the Department of Health (1992) that there is misinterpretation amongst practitioners as to when restraint should be used through to its misuse.
Despite such insecurities amongst practitioners, control and restraint is considered to be the best choice from a poor selection. Stanton-Greenwood (1999) claims physical restraint as a technique is not a behavioral management strategy and, if conducted as such, is not valued as a therapeutic intervention.
Thus, the question arises that if control and restraint are not beneficial or therapeutic when addressing challenging behavior as nursing interventions – and are depicted as the best intervention from a poor selection – why are they adopted by clinicians as therapeutic interventions? Stanton-Greenwood (1999) argues that physical restraint could be regarded as a failure as a preventative or therapeutic measure.
Taking into consideration views such as these, it is necessary to adopt a philosophy of care when educating clinicians in its application to the patient. Vague statements such as 'use minimum force', which are found in care and control policies, are of little value when confronted with a violent situation. Thus, the question arises, how can practitioners maximize the benefits and safe application of control and restraint? Regular control and restraint training and updates, and making it easier to locate the policies, procedures and guidelines of the establishment may achieve this. More importantly, is the inclusion of a control and restraint care strategy in the risk assessment of each individual client, the surrounding environment and its activities.
Nevertheless, restraint (whether in the form of mental health legislation, seclusion, control and restraint or medication) can only conflict with a nurse's respect for an individual's autonomy. Such coercive controls, which directly manipulate body processes (physically or chemically), bypassing the patients' own thinking mechanisms, help to create a sense of helplessness and loss of control, which in turn can lead to increased levels of violence through its own violation.
It is clear that much needs to be done before control and restraint methods, such as physical restraint, can be considered safe, therapeutic, measurable interventions, that are compatible with the role of the clinician as a carer.
Over the past decade there has been an apparent upsurge of interest in anger management interventions within the mental health services and civil justice system. For example, the considerable growth in the area of anger management group work in prisons in the 1990s. In a recent national survey, anger management group work accounted for 10% of all group work undertaken in prisons. Schlichter & Horan (1981) reported a comparative study of anger management techniques, simple relaxation and no treatment across a range of measures with groups of aggressive institutionalized male delinquents. The study found that both active interventions were superior to the non-treatment control. Feindler et al. (1984) used anger control training with students attending a specialized programme after being suspended from school because of offending. The intervention consisted of learning the self-management skills needed, together with performance skills and application training compared with a non-treatment control group. The anger control group showed a number of improvements both after training and at follow-up.
In considering research views, it could be concluded that forensic practitioners have some level of expertise in coping with violent situations. However, several researchers have suggested that practitioners have limited expertise in areas such as triggers of violence and de-escalation techniques, stress management and the concept of victimology.
Taking into view the above studies, I would suggest that there is a need to both develop and restore non-touch interventions, rather than relying upon such restraints as physical, chemical or seclusion. It is also important to note that the knowledge and skilled application of these techniques may enable care staff to successfully prevent anger from becoming aggression, or aggression developing into violence.
Thus, it seems quite illogical that staff are provided with training in just one aspect of aggression management when it is clearly evident that there are vital aspects of individual autonomy being neglected.
Researchers suggest that it seems likely that anger management work will continue to be a growth area through out the twenty-first century within psychiatric settings. There are already some significant signs of expansion in the prison service; for example, a national 'treatment programme' in prison services in England and Wales developed within the past 4 years was designed specifically for violent offenders. The programme will partly involve the application of anger management interventions.
However, despite such growth in the interest and practice of anger management work, it seems that there remains a great deal of conceptual confusion and potentially illinformed practice within this area. This is partly due to the lack of understanding of anger as an expression and partly due to the lack of insight into the cognitive process of anger maladaptive behavioral process. Thus the author feels that an understanding into 'justifiable anger' would aid the reader and the practitioner in identifying the difference between anger as a natural human expression and anger as a maladaptive cognitive behavioral expression.
Researchers Towl & Crighton (1996) maintain it is a common experience to become angry without becoming aggressive or violent. However, a key difficulty experienced by many offenders is in the expression of their anger. Towl & Crighton (1996) have stressedthat poor anger management strategies may result in the physical and mental ill health of the individual and those who are affected by it. Thus it is conceivable that the aggressive behavior of a distressed person may not be irrational. It may represent the expression of justifiable anger.
In such circumstances, persons who react aggressively or violently may be attempting to reaffirm their own sense of personal identity, the validity of their own perceptions and the right to be distressed or angry about their own life experiences as they subjectively understand them. In such a situation, attempts to restrain the individual could be perceived as an assault on that person's individual autonomy and would therefore be unethical.
Psychiatric patients are dependent upon psychiatrists, nurses and other mental health professionals for validation of their experiences, and will often be deemed to be psychologically well-adjusted by mental health professionals insofar as they accept their diagnosis and the treatment imposed upon them. However, Hopton (1995) suggests that aggressive acts by mental health service users may be inherently therapeutic, as they represent an 'open reassertion' or releaser of the clients right to make sense of their own psychological and emotional experiences.
Nevertheless, I would suggest that nurse specialists should not accept anger and aggression that results in harm or injury. Instead, therapeutic alternatives should be adopted as nursing interventions.
At this stage, the author would like to present a case study of a male displaying aggressive behavior and the effectiveness of anger management as a therapeutic intervention.
The preceding section contained information about responding to a violent incident. Write three case study examples regarding how you might use the content of this section in your practice.
What do restraint methods that directly manipulate body processes and bypass the patients' own thinking mechanisms help to create?
Record the letter of the correct answer the CEU Answer Booklet.


Thread: Company Liquidated, unemployed, what next!?
Just over a week ago, my employer decided to cease to exist in a spectacular fashion.
I know a few more years in games, if i'm unlucky will mean i never have a portfolio that will get me into the major leagues. Think craig mullins/weta digital and thats where i would like to aim for, however unrealistic a goal that is.
By pixelherder in forum Artists Available for Work!


Men's shooting gloves for cold weather.
Here at Carhartt, we love hunting. The woods, the stealth, and the gear. We understand the plight of the modern hunter, and that's why we created our line of hunting accessories. From hunting gloves and hats to backpacks and gun bags, we've got everything you need for a successful hunt, except for the gun and deer. Need a great pair of gloves to keep your hands warm in freezing temperatures? We've got shooting gloves with Realtree Xtra® quiet shell and neoprene trim, touchscreen capable index finger and thumb, Carhartt C Silicon grip print on palm and a fleeced cuff. Need a pop of orange for walking through the woods? Our hats fit the bill. Featuring hunter's orange, Quick Duck® canvas, Rain Defender® technology, Carhartt Force® sweatband that fights odors and FastDry® technology to wick away sweat, not many other hats can compete. Don't forget about hydration. We have a Hunt Hydration Pack with Rain Defender® water-repellent technology, Realtree Xtra® camo and a 1.5-liter bladder with a hose and mouthpiece included. Plus, you can also use it for your hunting gear. So gear up and get out there.


Wow her with the dazzling look of this luxe diamond engagement ring. Crafted in 14K white gold, this appealing design features a 1/10 ct. center diamond wrapped in a flower-shaped diamond pattern and a second frame of 1/10 ct. diamonds. Along the split shank, prong- and channel-set diamonds create a spectacular style. Captivating with 2-3/4 cts. t.w. of diamonds and a brilliant buffed luster, this thrilling engagement ring will take her breath away.


text:
HomeNewsChile: Authorities Discover Marijuana Plantations
Chile: Authorities Discover Marijuana Plantations
Chile's Carabineros have discovered growing marijuana plantations in the center of the country. (Photo: Carabineros de Chile)
BY Rafael Andrade/Diálogo
Chilean authorities have discovered numerous marijuana plantations in the mountainous regions of central Chile. In the first two months of the year, authorities seized 82,906 plants and 1.2 tons of processed drugs, the Chilean Investigative Police (PDI) said in a March 11 report on Plan Cannabis 2022.
The findings indicate that Chile is no longer just a major destination for cannabis, but also a producer, organize crime experts warn. "Large-scale marijuana cultivation in Chile indicates that domestic production is becoming an alternative to importing cannabis to supply the country's lucrative local market," reported InSight Crime, an organization that specializes in organized crime in Latin America and the Caribbean.
The Chilean Investigative Police seized marijuana in central Chile. (Photo: Chilean Investigative Police)
The latest seizure of marijuana farms occurred in mid-March, when police officers seized some 8,600 plants. The operation took place in the Las Mollecas sector, in the interior of the commune of Canela, Choapa province.
"The operation was described as 'historic' for the area, since it is the first discovery of cannabis in the commune of Canela," reported Chilean newspaper La Tercera. "Lieutenant Manuel Riquelme, from the Los Vilos sub-commissariat, said that thanks to the operation 'we've avoided the commercialization of more than 10 million doses,'" La Terceraadded. The plantation had an irrigation system to minimize the effects of the region's drought.
In March, Police from the OS-7 Aconcagua Section found a cannabis plantation with 4,126 plants in the Cabildo district. "Eight artisanal fields were seized with cannabis plants in the growing process, with a hose and drip irrigation system, supplied by a water collection pool," Captain Juan Guzmán, head of Carabineros OS-7 Aconcagua, told Chile's El Observador newspaper.
The largest seizure occurred in February, when the PDI destroyed 27,000 marijuana plants in Coquimbo, reported Chile's El Diario de los Vilos.
Marijuana boom
Cannabis production in Chile reflects changes in the dynamics of narcotrafficking in South America. For many years, the marijuana consumed in Chile was imported from Paraguay and Bolivia. The market then began to be appropriated by the potent marijuana trafficked from Colombia.
"However, marijuana smuggling became much more difficult after the closure of land borders due to the COVID-19 pandemic, so some criminal groups opted for maritime routes," InSight Crime said. "Local cannabis production also helped fill the void."
The downward trend in the influx of marijuana from Paraguay started before the pandemic. Between 2016 and 2019, marijuana seized "on the Paraguay-Argentina/Bolivia-Chile route fell by 900 percent," according to the 2020 Report of the Chilean Public Ministry's Drug Trafficking Observatory.
The structure of domestic marijuana production also changed. Before the pandemic, the activity involved small local growers. Now plantations use commercial farming techniques to increase production, InSight Crime said.
"Today we see that these 'narco-farmers' have been associating mainly in family clans where they have been forming a kind of cooperative," Felipe Molina, deputy commissioner of the PDI's Metropolitan Anti-Narcotics Brigade, told La Tercera. "[That] leads them to work together, allowing them to produce more drugs," Deputy Commissioner Molina added.


Google Scholar is a resource for using Google to search for scholarly publications. I have not used the site much because, in my experience, it has been more of a frustration than an aid in research. When I used Google Scholar in the past I quickly found a link to the paper, but when I clicked on it I often get sent to a journal that requires a subscription (or to a pay-per-view article).
In reality, many mathematicians post copies of their papers on their personal web pages or on the arXiv, so a typical Google search has had a higher payoff.
The Google Operating System blog points out that now Google Scholar and Google search results appear together. Under the link to the article is a link that says "All n versions"—this will take you to the n Google search results, and one of these may be a free copy of the paper.
For example, I searched for my name in Google Scholar and the top hit was for an article that I wrote with John Franks called "Shift equivalence and the Conley Index." The main link was to the article at the Transactions of the AMS website.
Next to the main link is a link to the paper on the arXiv. There are also 10 more Google search results for this paper. Pretty neat.
I'll have to give Google Scholar another try.
What is the difference between a theorem, a lemma, and a corollary?
Is or an inclusive or or an exclusive or?


text:
Federal Services
Would the mail be delivered? Would post offices be open?
According to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, the U.S. Postal Service would continue mail delivery, retail service, and other operations in the event of a government shutdown. The Postal Service is essentially funded through the sale of postage.
How would a potential shutdown affect Indian Affairs? How would affect services on Reservations?
According to staff at the House Committee on Natural Resources, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) manages or supervises many of the day-to-day affairs of Indian Reservations, particularly the large land-based tribes west of the Mississippi. They are under the assumption that if money were cut off to the BIA they expect "critical" services relating to law enforcement (i.e., BIA police), Indian Health Services relating to life and limb, resource protection will continue. But other operations, such as reviewing and approving a lease of Indian or tribal land to building a house, to sending a check to an Indian, to providing day care, running some dams and irrigation projects, drilling oil and gas, running Indian school operations would shut down. Non-essential personnel, such as a receptionist in a health clinic, might be furloughed. They are under the impression that essential personnel (i.e. doctors, etc) must work. Also, under a certain law, many tribes throughout the U.S. effectively bypass the BIA and receive appropriated money directly – they then provide services through tribal structures rather than through the BIA bureaucracy. Unless the tribes have amassed some reserves, their funding would cease. While well over a hundred tribes operate casinos, not all provide large profits. Most of them receive federal dollars.
Would National Parks and Museums (Smithsonian) be shut down?
According to the House Committee on Natural Resources, parks would be closed to public use. "Critical" personnel would be kept in place for resource protection (and to tell people that arrive that they are closed). The National Park Service has informed the Natural Resources Committee that they do not expect to close access to open-entrance park land, such as the National Mall and the GW Parkway. According to CRS Report RL34680, while not indicative of future behavior, 368 National Park Service sites (loss of 7 million visitors) reportedly occurred in a previous shutdown.


text:
Q: How to Pass array in Volt Template to javascript I'm using Phalcon and Volt template engine  .
This index.volt and I'm going to pass an array to JavaScript
<script type="text/javascript" >

 var usersList= {{ array_from_volt }} ;

</javascript>

But it doesn't work .
in PHP we used to do like this But it doesn't work for volt
<script type="text/javascript" >

 var usersList=  <?php echo json_encode(array_from_php); ?>;

</javascript>

So, How can I Pass an Array to javascript from volt ?

A: In your PHP code, use setvar to set a variable that Volt can reference.
$this->view->setVar('array_name', $your_array);

If you need the array json encoded, you can:
$this->view->setVar('array_name', json_encode($your_array));

Then in your Volt file, you can set the javascript variable as follows:
<script>
    var usersList = [{{ array_name }}];
</script>

(note syntax not verified... YMMV)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Фонтанная улица — улица в городе Волжский Волгоградской области. Расположена в старой части города.

Здесь был сооружен и введён в действие первый в городе фонтан. Этот уголок отдыха с клумбами и ротондами был излюбленным местом первостроителей.
Популярное место для прогулок. Улица начинается от проспекта Ленина и Дворцовой площади, на другой стороне которой находится вход в парк культуры и отдыха «Гидростроитель». В начале улицы, на пересечении с проспектом Ленина, располагается универмаг и супермаркет «Плюс» волгоградской торговой сети «МАН». В конце улицы расположен памятник первостроителям города с фонтаном и спуск к реке Ахтуба, городскому пляжу и речной пристани.

История переименований
В 1967 году улица получила название «50-летия Октября».
В 1994 году, в год празднования 40-летия города Волжского, восстановлено прежнее название улицы, которое было присвоено в 1954 году.

Достопримечательности
 Городской краеведческий музей

 ЗАГС (Дворец обрядов)
 Мемориал первостроителям города

На улице Фонтанной жил А. И. Баранчиков, строитель Волжской ГЭС, местный поэт. В память о нём на доме, где он жил, установлена мемориальная доска.

Примечания

Ссылки
 Карта города Волжского

Улицы Волжского

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Port lotniczy Huslia, Huslia Airport (kod IATA: HSL, kod ICAO: PFHL, FAA LID: HLA) – publiczny amerykański port lotniczy obsługujący miasto Huslia w stanie Alaska, w obszarze Yukon-Koyukuk, leży 2 km na wschód od centrum miasta.

W większości przypadków IATA nadaje takie same oznaczenia jak Amerykańska Agencja Lotnicza, w tym przypadku w systemie IATA kod HLA został przyznany wcześniej lotnisku Lanseria w Republice Południowej Afryki.

Z lotniska w 2007 skorzystało 3331 pasażerów (przy lotach rozkładowych), co było 3,6% spadkiem w porównaniu z rokiem poprzednim, kiedy odprawiono 3215, w 2006 było to 3337 osób.

Port lotniczy Huslia zajmuje 82 ha na wysokości 65 m n.p.m. Posiada jeden pas startowy o wymiarach 1219 × 23 m, równolegle w odległości 1300 m znajduje się zamknięty pas o wymiarach 914 × 18,3 m.

Linie lotnicze i połączenia
 Frontier Alaska
 obsługiwane przez Frontier Flying Service (Fairbanks [via Galena], Galena)
 Warbelow's Air Ventures (Fairbanks, Hughes, Galena)
 Wright Air Service (Hughes, Ruby, Tanana)

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne
 Port lotniczy na Great Circle Mapper

Huslia


text:
package pl.gdela.socomo.maven.check;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import org.jgrapht.graph.DefaultDirectedGraph;
import org.jgrapht.graph.DefaultEdge;

public class TanglesDetector {

	// TODO: log4j, trace execution instead of sysout

	private DependencyGraph graph;

	private Path path;

    private HashSet<Path> cycles;

	private Set<String> verticesToCheck;

	public TanglesDetector(DependencyGraph graph) {
		this.graph = graph;
	}

	public Collection<Tangle> detect() {
		cycles = new HashSet<Path>();
	    path = new Path();
		verticesToCheck = new LinkedHashSet<String>(graph.vertexSet());

		while (!verticesToCheck.isEmpty()) {
			String uncheckedVertex = verticesToCheck.iterator().next();
			goThroughVertex(uncheckedVertex);
		}

		return mergeCycles(cycles);
	}

	private void goThroughVertex(String vertex) {
		//System.out.println("path: " + path + "-" + vertex);
		if (path.contains(vertex)) {
			// encountered vertex that we've been already to while walking this path
			Path cycle = path.subpathFrom(vertex);
			//System.out.println("- cycle detected: " + cycle);
			cycles.add(cycle);
			return;
		}
//		if (!verticesToCheck.contains(vertex)) {
//			// been there, done that
//			return;
//		}
		verticesToCheck.remove(vertex);
		path.addNextStep(vertex);
		Set<DefaultEdge> edges = graph.outgoingEdgesOf(vertex);
		for (DefaultEdge edge : edges) {
			goThroughVertex(graph.getEdgeTarget(edge));
		}
		path.removeLastStep();
	}

	static Collection<Tangle> mergeCycles(Collection<Path> cycles) {
		HashSet<Tangle> tangles = new HashSet<Tangle>();
		for (Path cycle : cycles) {
			tangles.add(new Tangle(cycle.verticesList()));
		}
		boolean overlappingTanglesFound;
		do {
			overlappingTanglesFound = false;
			overlappingTanglesSearch:
			for (Tangle tangleA : tangles) {
				for (Tangle tangleB : tangles) {
					if (tangleA != tangleB && tangleA.overlaps(tangleB)) {
						tangles.remove(tangleA);
						tangles.remove(tangleB);
						tangles.add(tangleA.mergeWith(tangleB));
						overlappingTanglesFound = true;
						break overlappingTanglesSearch;
					}
				}
			}
		} while (overlappingTanglesFound);
		return tangles;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
California Gov. Gavin Newsom To Campaign For Kamala Harris In Iowa
Posted by: saywharadio Posted on December 2, 2019
California Gov. Gavin Newsom is traveling to Iowa this month to campaign for his home-state Sen. Kamala Harris' Democratic primary bid, her team announced on Monday.
Newsom's visit, which is set for Dec. 14-15, comes as Harris remains stuck polling in the single digits. The Democratic governor will spend the first day in the Des Moines area and then move on to Cedar Rapids ― the two largest cities in the state that casts the first votes of the primary and caucus season.
"At all of his events, Newsom will speak about Harris' record of fighting for justice and her plans as President to fight for economic justice, reproductive justice, and health care justice," a press release from the Harris campaign said. The release also calling her the "most prepared to go toe-to-toe with" President Donald Trump.
Newsom's chief strategist, Dan Newman, told HuffPost that the governor and the senator have been longtime political partners.
"They've been allies for decades, and he endorsed her without hesitation months ago because he's seen that she has what it takes to beat Trump," Newman said. "He's also seen her repeatedly dismissed and counted out, but he knows there's a good reason she's won every single race she's ever run."
The governor publicly endorsed Harris in February less than a month after she entered the race, telling MSNBC that he was "very enthusiastic" about her candidacy.
"I've known her for decades, not only as district attorney where she did an extraordinary job with a very progressive record, but I watched her up close as lieutenant governor when she served as attorney general, and I have the privilege of working with her as a U.S. senator," he said. (Harris served as district attorney of San Francisco while Newsom was the city's mayor and as California attorney general while he was the state's lieutenant governor.)
In July, CNBC reported that Newsom had been reaching out for months to his network of influential donors to help fuel her presidential campaign.
"Keep an eye on Newsom," a source familiar with the outreach told CNBC. "He's got the resources, connections and money to be a game-changer for Harris."
According to the National Institute on Money in State Politics, a nonprofit that tracks campaign finance data, Newsom raked in $50 million by the end of the 2018 election cycle during his gubernatorial run.
Newsom's effort to boost Harris follows substantial layoffs within her campaign, which shed most of its New Hampshire field staff as well as employees at its Baltimore headquarters in October.
REAL LIFE. REAL NEWS. REAL VOICES.
Help us tell more of the stories that matter from voices that too often remain unheard.
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Posted in: SayWHA Headlines
Twitter Users Slam Trump For Misrepresenting Ukrainian President's Comments
Wisconsin school officer shoots student who pulled gun, refused to drop it, officials say


text:
BP-349E
THE RODRIGUEZ CASE:
A REVIEW OF THE SUPREME COURT OF CANADA
DECISION ON ASSISTED SUICIDE
Law and Government Division
MAJORITY DECISION - MR. JUSTICE SOPINKA
B. Section 12
C. Section 15
MINORITY DECISIONS
A. Madam Justice McLachlin
B. Chief Justice Lamer
C. Mr. Justice Cory
COMMENTS BY MR. JUSTICE SOPINKA
FOR THE MAJORITY ON THE MINORITY DECISIONS
On 30 September 1993, the Supreme Court of Canada rendered its long-awaited judgment in the Sue Rodriguez case.
Sue Rodriguez, a 42-year-old woman suffering from the debilitating, terminal illness, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, wishes to have a qualified physician assist her in terminating her life at the time of her choosing. Section 241(b) of the Criminal Code,(1) however, makes it a criminal offence to assist a person to commit suicide. Ms. Rodriguez applied to the Supreme Court of British Columbia for an order declaring s. 241(b) invalid under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (the "Charter"). The B.C. court dismissed her application and a majority of the British Columbia Court of Appeal affirmed the trial judge's decision. Ms. Rodriguez then appealed to the Supreme Court of Canada, where she argued that s. 241(b) violates sections 7, 12, and 15 of the Charter.
In a five to four decision, the Supreme Court of Canada dismissed the appeal and found s. 241(b) to be constitutional. This paper summarizes the majority and dissenting opinions rendered by the justices of the Supreme Court of Canada.(2)
For the majority of the Court, the most important issue was whether s. 241(b) of the Criminal Code infringes s. 7 of the Charter.
Section 241(b) provides as follows:
Everyone who ...
(b) aids or abets a person to commit suicide,
whether suicide ensues or not, is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding fourteen years.
Section 7 of the Charter provides:
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of the person and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice.
Ms. Rodriguez argued that the criminal offence created by s. 241(b) prohibits a person from aiding her to terminate her life when she cannot do so without assistance, thus depriving her of liberty and security of the person under s. 7 of the Charter.
To begin, the majority dealt with the question of whether Ms. Rodriguez's security of the person had been violated. This inquiry involved a two-stage analysis in which the Court examined values related to the individual and limitations on those values when considered in conjunction with principles of fundamental justice.
Before conducting this analysis, however, the majority noted that all values protected by s. 7, including the sanctity of life, must figure in a determination of the principles of fundamental justice. Mr. Justice Sopinka, writing for the majority, rejected Ms. Rodriguez's contention that she was choosing the time and manner of her death rather than death itself. Her choice, he contended, is death over life, and, as a result, life as a value is brought into play under s. 7.
The majority began by seeking to define the notion of "security of the person." Relying on previous judgments of the Court, they held that security of the person includes "... personal autonomy, at least with respect to the right to make choices concerning one's own body, control over one's physical and psychological integrity, and basic human dignity ... at least to the extent of freedom from criminal prohibitions which interfere with these" (p. 10 of the reasons for judgment). They then held that s. 241(b) deprives Sue Rodriguez of her security of the person, because it deprives her of the ability to control decisions about her body and causes her physical pain and psychological stress.
Having decided there is a security interest at stake, the majority turned to the question of whether Ms. Rodriguez had been deprived of her security of the person in accordance with principles of fundamental justice. At this stage of the analysis, the issue before the Court was whether a criminal prohibition on assisting suicide in situations where a person is terminally ill and mentally competent but unable to commit suicide by him or herself, is contrary to the principles of fundamental justice.
What are principles of fundamental justice? Mr. Justice Sopinka noted that determining these principles can be an onerous task. Such principles, he pointed out, are those for which there is some consensus among reasonable people as to their importance to our societal concept of justice. Thus, he cautioned, they are not principles that the court alone views as vital; rather, they are identifiable, tenets of our legal system which have historic roots, yet evolve in accordance with society's views of justice. Moreover, in arriving at these principles, it is necessary to balance the interests of the state with those of the individual.
The majority noted that the state has a fundamental interest in protecting human life; s. 241(b), which is designed to protect the vulnerable who, in a moment of weakness, might be persuaded to commit suicide, reflects this interest. The principle of sanctity of life, however, is not absolute and has evolved over time to encompass other notions and values. This evolution is manifested in both statute and the common law. Attempted suicide is no longer a criminal offence. And Canadian and foreign courts recognize, for example, that patients have the right to refuse treatment or to have it withdrawn or discontinued, even if death may result.
In spite of these changes, there is a reluctance to condone active assistance in bringing about the death of another person, even where that person is terminally ill. This reticence, the majority suggested, stems from the belief that it is morally and legally wrong to assist another to commit suicide and from the fear that abuses may occur if any form of assisted suicide is permitted.
Canada is not alone in prohibiting assisted suicide. The majority noted that this is the norm in other Western democracies and, to date, the prohibition has not been found unconstitutional or contrary to fundamental human rights. Like Canada, these societies also distinguish between active and passive forms of intervention in the dying process.
The majority could find no consensus in support of assisted suicide. To the extent that a consensus exists, Mr. Justice Sopinka noted, "it is that human life must be respected ...." (p. 35 of the reasons for judgment). This consensus manifests itself in the prohibition against capital punishment and various provisions of the Criminal Code that proscribe murder, as well as in the widespread belief among western countries and medical associations that, in order to protect the lives of the vulnerable, it is necessary to maintain a blanket prohibition on assisted suicide. To allow physician-assisted suicide, he observed, would erode the belief in the sanctity of human life and suggest that the state condones suicide. Furthermore, concerns about abuse and the difficulty in establishing safeguards to prevent it indicate that the prohibition against assisted suicide is not arbitrary or unfair. The majority, therefore, upheld s. 241(b) because, in their view, it does not violate any principle of fundamental justice.
The majority then considered Ms. Rodriguez's claim that s. 241(b) violates s. 12 of the Charter, which provides that:
Everyone has the right not to be subjected to any cruel and unusual treatment or punishment.
To mount a successful challenge under s. 12, it must be shown that a person has been subjected to cruel and unusual treatment or punishment at the hands of the state. Ms. Rodriguez argued that the prohibition of assisted suicide constitutes cruel and unusual treatment under s. 12 of the Charter because it forces her to endure a prolonged period of suffering until her natural death occurs or requires her to end her life before she wishes so that she can do so without assistance.
The majority reasoned that the mere prohibition of an action by the state does not constitute "treatment" within the meaning of s. 12, which would require some form of state control over an individual. In Sue Rodriguez's case, the majority concluded the requisite control did not exist and therefore held that s. 241(b) did not violate s. 12 of the Charter.
Finally, the majority dealt with the question of whether s. 241(b) violates s. 15(1) of the Charter, which provides as follows:
Every individual is equal before and under the law and has the right to the equal protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination and, in particular, without discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age or mental or physical disability.
Ms. Rodriguez argued s. 241(b) discriminates against disabled persons who are unable to commit suicide without assistance, in that it deprives them of the right to choose suicide.
For the purposes of the case, Mr. Justice Sopinka assumed that Ms. Rodriguez's equality rights under s. 15 of the Charter had been infringed. As a result, the principal question before him was whether the infringement could be saved by s. 1 of the Charter, which provides:
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees the rights and freedoms set out in it subject only to such reasonable limits prescribed by law as can be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society.
Mr. Justice Sopinka concluded that the infringement under s 15 was justified under s. 1. The purpose of s. 241(b), he noted, is to protect individuals from others who may wish to control their lives. To create an exception to the prohibition against assisted suicide for certain groups of persons would create an inequality and lend support to the notion that we are starting down the "slippery slope" toward full recognition of euthanasia. He considered the creation of safeguards to prevent abuse unsatisfactory and insufficient to calm fears of the likelihood of abuse.
Mr. Justice Sopinka did not consider s, 241(b) to be too broad. The legislation, he noted, extends to protect the lives of the terminally ill; even if an exception could be made for such persons, there could be no guarantee that assisted suicide could be limited to those who genuinely wish to die.
For Madam Justice McLachlin, whose dissenting opinion was concurred with by Madam Justice L'Heureux-Dubé, the case rests on s. 7 of the Charter. Although she agrees with Mr. Justice Sopinka, that s. 241(b) infringes the s. 7 right to security of the person, Madam Justice McLachlin disagrees with his conclusion that the infringement accords with the principles of fundamental justice. According to Madam Justice McLachlin, security of the person encompasses an individual's right to make decisions about his or her body and s. 241(b) constitutes a limit on such personal autonomy.
For Madam Justice McLachlin, the main issue in the appeal is whether s. 241(b) is arbitrary and therefore in violation of s. 7, since it denies Sue Rodriguez the right to commit suicide because of her physical incapacity. Legislation that limits an individual's right to make decisions about his or her body, she notes, will violate principles of fundamental justice if the limit is arbitrary because it bears no relationship to or is inconsistent with the objective of the legislation.
In Madam Justice McLachlin's view, the principles of fundamental justice require that every individual be treated fairly by the law. Concerns relating to abuse should not play a part at this stage of the legal analysis. To deny Sue Rodriguez the choice that is available to those who are physically able merely because of a fear that others may suffer abuse, she concludes, would be contrary to such principles. Madam Justice McLachlin felt that Sue Rodriguez was being treated as a "scapegoat" for others who might be improperly persuaded to commit suicide.
There is an important state interest in ensuring that people do not take the lives of others, but, as Madam Justice McLachlin notes, this interest is not absolute. The state does not criminalize all acts that result in the death of another. Where there is a valid justification for the death (self-defence, for example) criminal liability does not ensue. She therefore rejected the argument that the prohibition against assisted suicide is justified because the state has an interest in criminalizing wilful acts that contribute to another person's death.
Madam Justice McLachlin also rejected the distinction between passive and active intervention to end life. "If the justification for helping someone to end life is established, I cannot accept that it matters whether the act is "passive" -- the withdrawal of support necessary to sustain life -- or "active" -- the provision of a means to permit a person of sound mind to choose to end his or her life with dignity" (p. 12-13 of the reasons for judgment).
Madam Justice McLachlin concluded that the distinction between suicide that is legal in Canada and assisted suicide, which is not, effectively prevents Sue Rodriguez from exercising control over her body in a manner that others can exercise over their bodies and is thus arbitrary. Section 241(b) therefore violates the principles of fundamental justice and is contrary to s. 7 of the Charter.
Can s. 241(b) be saved under s. 1 of the Charter? Madam Justice McLachlin concluded that it could not. In reaching this decision, Madam Justice McLachlin looked at the objective of s. 241(b) and whether this was sufficiently important to override the infringement of individual rights. She concluded that the objective was to combat the possibility that legalizing assisted suicide might lead to abuses resulting in the death of individuals who had not genuinely and voluntarily consented to death. While acknowledging that this possibility was legitimate, Madam Justice McLachlin felt that it was not sufficient to outweigh Sue Rodriguez's right to end her life when she wishes to do so. Concerns about abuse, she suggested, could be dealt with under existing provisions of the Criminal Code and by requiring court orders to permit assisted suicide in individual cases.
Madam Justice McLachlin generally agreed with the remedy below proposed by Chief Justice Lamer, although she questioned whether some of the conditions were necessary.
Chief Justice Lamer's dissent was based on s.15(1) of the Charter. He therefore did not address the constitutionality of s.241(b) under ss. 7 or 12 of the Charter.
Chief Justice Lamer concluded that s. 241(b) "creates an inequality in that it prevents persons who are or will become incapable of committing suicide without assistance from choosing that option in accordance with law, whereas those capable of ending their lives unassisted may decide to commit suicide in Canada without contravening the law" (p. 27). While it was not intended that s. 241(b) would create this type of inequality for physically disabled persons, the provision nevertheless has this effect.
Having concluded that s. 241(b) creates an inequality, the Chief Justice looked at whether the inequality is discriminatory. The question here is two-fold: whether s. 241(b) deprives certain persons of an advantage and whether the deprivation is the result of a personal characteristic listed in s. 15(1) of the Charter. The Chief Justice concluded that, from a legal rather than a moral perspective, the fact that persons physically unable to commit suicide cannot choose suicide because it is illegal for them to obtain assistance, is a disadvantage under s. 15(1) of the Charter. Section 241(b) therefore infringes the right equality guaranteed under s. 15(1).
The Chief Justice then turned to the question of whether s. 241(b) was justified under s. 1 of the Charter. He found the objective of the provision -- protecting the vulnerable from the intervention of others in the act of suicide -- valid. He noted, however, that the repeal of the offence of attempted suicide indicates that Parliament no longer believes that the preservation of human life overrides the right to self-determination of physically able persons.
While the Chief Justice was concerned that the decriminalization of assisted suicide might increase the risk to those vulnerable to manipulation by others, he contended that speculation to this effect and the fear of a "slippery slope" could not justify including within the purview of the provision those who are not vulnerable and who would freely consent to suicide. A complete prohibition on assisted suicide is too severe an impairment of the right of the physically disabled and cannot be saved under s.1.
The Chief Justice then went on the set out the remedy he would order. While declaring s. 241(b) invalid, he would not strike it down immediately, since those who need protection would then be left unprotected. He would therefore suspend the declaration that s. 241(b) is no longer in force and effect for a period of one year, in order to give Parliament time to replace the provision. During the period of suspension, he would grant Sue Rodriguez and others a "constitutional exemption" which would allow assistance to commit suicide provided the following conditions were met:
the constitutional exemption would have to be obtained by way of application to a superior court;
the applicant would have to be certified by a treating physician and an independent psychiatrist to be competent to make the decision to end his or her life; the physicians would have to certify that the decision was made freely and voluntarily; and at least one of the physicians would have to be present when the applicant committed assisted suicide;
the physicians would also have to certify that: the applicant was or would become physically unable to commit suicide without assistance; and they had informed the applicant and the applicant understood that he or she had the right to change his or her mind about terminating life;
notice and access would have to be given to the Regional Coroner;
the applicant would have to be examined daily by one of the certifying physicians;
no one could assist the applicant to commit suicide after the expiration of thirty-one days from the date of the certificate; and
the act of causing the death of the applicant would have to be that of the applicant alone, not of anyone else.
The Chief Justice stressed that these conditions could be used as guidelines for future applicants.
In setting out the conditions for obtaining an order for assisted suicide, the Chief Justice repeated many of the provisions outlined in the dissenting opinion of Chief Justice McEachern of the British Columbia Court of Appeal. Chief Justice Lamer, however, parted company with Mr. Justice McEachern on one important point -- whether the remedy should be restricted to the terminally ill. Chief Justice McEachern would have restricted the remedy to individuals suffering from terminal illnesses; Chief Justice Lamer would not have included such a restriction because of the possibility that it might constitute a violation of equality rights.
Mr. Justice Cory agreed with the disposition of the appeal proposed by Chief Justice Lamer for the reasons put forward by the Chief Justice and Madam Justice McLachlin. He would give the right to die with dignity protection under s. 7 of the Charter.
Mr. Justice Cory could see no difference between allowing a mentally competent patient to choose death by refusing treatment and permitting the patient to die as a result of authorizing the termination of life-preserving treatment; this was so, even if, because of disability, a person other than the patient had to terminate the treatment. Thus, he would allow terminally ill patients to end their lives with the assistance of another person, provided the conditions outlined by Chief Justice Lamer were followed.
At the outset of his judgment, Mr. Justice Sopinka expressed his disagreement with the opinions of his colleagues in the minority and raised what he felt were the following serious concerns with respect to their reasons for striking down s. 241(b). Striking down the prohibition on assisted suicide, he argued, would recognize a constitutional right to assisted suicide that went beyond that in any other western country and any legitimate proposals for reform. Moreover, it would extend beyond the claim made by Sue Rodriguez. He also pointed out that the minority decisions did not provide for safeguards of the type found in the Dutch guidelines or the recent reform proposals in the states of Washington and California. Mr. Justice Sopinka found the proposed conditions for obtaining an order approving assisted suicide to be vague and in some cases unenforceable. He also felt that uncertainty would arise because the conditions were to serve only as guidelines; thus, individual judges would be left to decide upon any application for assisted suicide.
(1) R.S.C., 1985, c. C-46.
(2) At the time of writing, the reasons for judgment had not been published.


Deflective is an acceptable word in Scrabble with 19 points. Deflective is an accepted word in Word with Friends having 22 points. Deflective is a 10 letter long Word starting with D and ending with E. Below are Total 168 words made out of this word.
Deflective Meaning :- Causing deflection.
Note There are 4 vowel letters and 6 consonant letters in the word deflective. D is 4th, E is 5th, F is 6th, L is 12th, C is 3rd, T is 20th, I is 9th, V is 22th, Letter of Alphabet series.


I always love hidden cafes. I love the surprises that welcome me when I walk into that building. To be frank, Petaling Street is somewhere good to have those hidden cafes, such as Aku Café & Gallery, and Coffee Amo, somehow or rather, not so hidden now as people have been spreading and sharing the news.
We are welcomed by an old fashion, read from right to left Traditional Chinese signboard, and it means Grocery Store. What can we find in a grocery store?
There are wooden tables with steel stool, furnished with black and white paintings.
The help yourself area for water and seasoning.
I love the way they put the utensils. Easy to manage and space saving.
My orange juice and his hot latte.
I have ordered this Crispy Chicken Fruit Salad. The fresh fruits and arugula tossed in balsamic vinaigrette, topped with breaded fried chicken breast. I only found 3 slices of oranges, 2 slices of green apples, and some corns. I expected more fruits actually. The breaded fried chicken breast is yummy, crispy yet juicy. This salad can stimulate your appetite with the balsamic vinaigrette, not too sour thou.
Personally I think no.5 is the best while no.8 is the most common one.
The toasts are selling at RM6 per slice, RM18 for a set of 3 slices, and RM25 for a set of 5 slices. 5 slices are good enough for 2 persons. Our planning was to have a tea time, who knows it became a complete meal. Super full that we have to delayed our dinner.
The corridor toward kitchen and washroom is a good place for photography. Look at the arts on the wall, I can spend like 10 minutes to look at them one by one.
I know how you feel about Petaling Street, but trust me, the moment you step into The Front Door Café, as if you have walk into another district, so much peaceful that you can escape from your busy life for a moment.
Philippines - My sis's BIG day!


text:
& Board
David Larsson
David Larsson has a master's degree in economics from Uppsala University and also holds an MBA from Helsinki School of Economics. David most recently came from Mekonomen Group, where he, as Group COO and member of Group Management, was responsible for strategy, company integration and the group's change process. Prior to that, David has held Swedish and international roles within Microsoft for 16 years, such as CFO, vice president and marketing and product manager.
311 906 shares
Warrant Program 2018:2021
19,990 options.
david.larsson@paynova.com
Ludvig Kolmodin
Ludvig Kolmodin has more than 20 years of experience from growth companies and has held a number of leading roles in the Telco and Online Gambling industries. Ludvig has a broad knowledge in IT and change management as well as a good understanding of how to build technology organizations during rapid growth. Most recently, Ludvig came from NetEnt AB where he had the role of CIO / CTO. Ludvig has a Fil Mag degree in Systems Science from Mittuniversitetet.
90 856 shares
71 234 options.
ludvig.kolmodin@paynova.com
Mattias Nygren
CFO/COO
Mattias Nygren has a degree in economics from Norwegian School of Management and also holds an MBA from University of South Florida. Mattias came most recently from Performance Potential, where he as a co-founder and establishing the company and also worked with interim assignments, mainly in finance. Prior to that, Mattias worked as Finance Manager at Hudson, Nordic Business Controller at Ingram Micro and as a consultant at Andersen.
mattias.nygren@paynova.com
Jan Tryggvason
Head of Product
Jan Tryggvason has a master's degree in economics from Luleå University of Technology. Jan comes most recently from Nordnet, where he worked as a product owner for pensions and automated advisory and investment products. Jan has previously worked at Klarna for 8 years with product development in many parts of the company and with technical sales.
jan.tryggvason@paynova.com
Filip Lundberg
Filip has a Master of Business Administration from School of Economics at Lund University. For the past 10 years, Filip has worked in various roles in business development and sales of B2B services. The focus has been complex solution sales and payment solutions with, among other things, 4 years at Klarna.
filip.lundberg@paynova.com
Daniel Ekberger
Daniel Ekberger has a master's degree in economics from Stockholm University and has extensive experience from company's in growth and change. Daniel has held several leading roles in related industries such as telecom, IT and internet / media. Most recently, Daniel came from AllTele, where he was CFO since 2011. Prior to that, Daniel was CFO in companies such as Spotify, Atea and Martinsson Information Systems..
daniel.ekberger@paynova.com
Mats Holmfeldt
Member of the Board
Mats Holmfeldt has been active in the Banking and Finance industry for 25 years with senior positions within SEB, Swedbank and Intrum Justitia. Today he is, among other things, Senior Advisor to Rocket Internet Gmbh – and board member of Lendico. He has been active as a management and strategy consultant and in recent years, has been involved in a number of innovation companies and start-ups in several different industries. During the years 2009 – 2012, he was board member of Resurs Bank AB (publ). and Reda Inkasso AB. Mats has a degree in business administration and national economics at Stockholm University.
mats.holmfeldt@paynova.com
Bo Mattsson
Bo Mattsson is an established serial entrepreneur with extensive experience of founding and developing companies in primarily Internet-based consumer and B2B services, currently working on a new service that is under development. Bo is founder or co-founder of Cint, Mangold, Eurotrade, and NetTrade. For a number of years, Bo was head of Nordnet AB and Swedbank Fondkommission. Bo is currently member ot the boards in Nepa AB, Refaranza AB, Techtroopers AB, Jetshop AB and Frink AB. None of these companies are listed, except for Nepa which is listed on Firsth North. Bo has a degree from School of Business.
bo.mattsson@paynova.com
Johan Åberg
Johan Åberg has extensive experience from retail, including CEO of KappAhl AB, CEO of Jula AB, and CEO of Bauhaus KB. Johan has been CEO of Beans in Cup AB / PAMICA since October 2018, where he also is a part of the board. Johan is currently also board member of NetOnNet AB, Ställning Holding AB and his own company Jiltreatail AB. Johan has a degree from IHM Business School.
johan.aberg@paynova.com


RingCentral, Inc. (NYSE: RNG), a leading provider of global enterprise cloud communications, collaboration, and contact center solutions, has signed an agreement with Columbia University, one of the world's leading research institutions, for a cloud communications platform to support 44,000 faculty and students. Columbia University needed to replace its legacy on-premises communications systems to provide greater mobility and enhanced student to student and student to faculty collaboration. The University will deploy 14,000 seats of RingCentral Office ® to faculty, which includes voice, video, team messaging, online meetings, SMS, and fax, and will roll out team messaging to 30,000 students.
"The need to support an increasingly mobile faculty and student base while keeping pace with younger generational preferences for collaboration is fueling the demand for cloud communications solutions," said Ryan Azus, EVP of global sales and services, RingCentral.
Mobility: RingCentral Mobile app enables users to have multiple modes of communication, including voice, video, team messaging, online meetings, SMS, and fax. This will enable them to choose the channel of their choice to communicate with colleagues, all from a single mobile application.
Seamless collaboration: RingCentral's team messaging capabilities provide users with a seamless way to collaborate on projects and connect in real time.
Video meetings: With RingCentral Meetings™ , users can access a single solution that includes team messaging and online video meetings.
Reliability: RingCentral's highly reliable and redundant architecture enables users to anticipate and diagnose quality of service issues before they escalate to critical problems.
©2019 RingCentral, Inc. All rights reserved. RingCentral, RingCentral Office, RingCentral Meetings, and the RingCentral logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of RingCentral, Inc.


text:
Q: Get the average of another column, given conditions in Pandas I have the following "source" dataframe
            Value
Date
2022-01-01     26
2022-01-02     87
2022-01-03      4
2022-01-04     65
2022-01-05     89
2022-01-06     88
2022-01-07     82
2022-01-08     60
2022-01-09      8
2022-01-10     22

In another "output" dataframe, I have 4 columns defining 2 ranges of dates. As you can see, range1 is always defined, whilst range2 is defined only in certain rows:
  range1_lower range1_upper range2_lower range2_upper
0   2022-01-02   2022-01-03   2022-01-06   2022-01-07
1   2022-01-03   2022-01-06          NaN          NaN

In the output df I need to add an "average" column where, for each row, I get the average of the "Value" column of the source df, if the Date falls in either of the two ranges. This is something similar to the AVERAGEIFS function in Excel.
So, for example, for row 0 I need to get the average of all Values falling within range1 (2022-01-02 to 2022-01-03) or within range2 (2022-01-06 to 2022-01-07).
For row 1, since range2 is not defined,  I only need to get the average of all Values falling within range1 (2022-01-03 to 2022-01-06).
This is the expected output:
  range1_lower range1_upper range2_lower range2_upper  average
0   2022-01-02   2022-01-03   2022-01-06   2022-01-07    65.25
1   2022-01-03   2022-01-06          NaN          NaN    61.50

Is there a way to do this?
Thanks

A: You can cross merge the two dataframes then filter out the dates that do not fall between the range limits then group by the range columns and aggregate Value with mean:
df = output.merge(source.reset_index(), how='cross')
df = df.query("range1_lower <= Date <= range1_upper or range2_lower <= Date <= range2_upper")
df = df.groupby([*output.columns], dropna=False)['Value'].mean().reset_index(name='avg')

print(df)

  range1_lower range1_upper range2_lower range2_upper    avg
0   2022-01-02   2022-01-03   2022-01-06   2022-01-07  65.25
1   2022-01-03   2022-01-06          NaT          NaT  61.50


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text:
Doug's Personal Testimony (Audio)
Hear the testimony of how God powerfully intervened in Doug's life at 22 years of age and changed his life forever. Doug was a fairly insecure person as a young man. His ability was all practical but limited people skills. He shares in this message how he was healed from a serious back condition called Sherman's Disease, and also from a serious Head accident that caused epileptic fits. The journey of healing was not only physical but also emotional as he came to the Lord with a broken heart. Doug bases the message around the verse where Paul says "he does not come with the wise and persuasive words of man, or the wisdom of mans ways, but with a demonstration of the Spirit and Power." He links this to a release of Faith in our lives. Over 40 plus years of ministry, thousands of people have been healed and encouraged in their faith.
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