By imputing none of his miseries to himself, he continued to act upon the same principles, and to follow the same path; was never made wiser by his sufferings, nor preserved by one misfortune from falling into another. He proceeded throughout his life to tread the same steps on the same circle; always applauding his past conduct, or at least forgetting it, to amuse himself with phantoms of happiness, which were dancing before him; and willingly turned his eyes from the light of reason, when it would have discovered the illusion, and shown him, what he never wished to see, his real state.
We are supposed to learn from suffering but we may merely live in the illusion that we are incapable of folly or evil.


Every year around Easter we talk about Jesus's death and resurrection. We know that on the first day, Jesus died a brutal, painful death to bring us forgiveness from sin. We know that on the third day, He rose from the grave to bring us new life.
Day one. Day three. What about the second day? We spend a lot of time talking about the first and third days, but I rarely hear anyone talk about the second day. Is it because not much is written about it? Is it because it seems to pale in importance when contrasted to the world changing events book ending it?
The Day of Waiting. That's what the second day was and I want to take a second and invite you to imagine it with me. Imagine the disciples who have sat at His feet, spent countless hours listening to Him speak, watched Him perform unexplainable miracles, felt firsthand the weight of His divine revelation, eaten many meals with Him, and finally, witnessed His death.
Their friend, brother, and teacher, was brutally murdered by their own people and they watched it. Jesus died on that first day and I imagine that a piece of the disciples' hearts died as well. This is the man of whom they say in Luke 24, verse 21, "we had hoped that he was the one who was going to redeem Israel." All their hope was in Jesus and He died.
They had no idea what to do. They knew He said He would rise on the third day, but could they really believe that?
There were tears, massive wails, and cries to the Lord. "I don't understand." "Why have you left us?" "Where are you?" "Why have you allowed this pain?" Mary, mother of Jesus and James, probably tended her work with blurry eyes, and maybe she screamed into her shaking hands. The disciples might have wandered around, only technically awake, trying and failing to find solace in each other's empty words.
This is the Day of Waiting and it is marked with pain, doubt, and fear. Those close to Jesus wished it over as soon as possible, that God might wipe away their suffering, but in this day God was preparing them for His resurrection. God could have risen the very night He was interned and saved them from the pain of waiting, but He didn't. The plan from the very beginning was that He would rise on the third day, and no sooner.
This day of waiting is all too familiar. Something horrible happens and we wait for the healing and resolution. An opportunity rises and we wait for the calling and provision. A question is asked and we wait for the answer and solution. We are a people who like conclusion. Loose ends and threads don't fit well into our plans and understanding. God sees the world like a passing parade and He has a bird's eye view, while we only see through a hole in a fence.
In the times of waiting, it is such a natural response to ask God to take away the pain and bring the conclusion. I'm sure the disciples did on this second day, but, more often than not, that simply is not God's plan. It seems cruel. If God could heal me right now, why doesn't He? If He really loved us, why would He let us suffer?
These questions never disappear and suffering rarely makes much sense, but it always has the potential to foster growth. Sometimes God allow us to walk through pain because it develops something within ourselves that is needed to advance His Kingdom. Sometimes he requires us to wait for the solution because time is needed to illuminate some of the hardest parts of our heart. Some of the most valuable lessons I've learned about life, myself, and who God is have come through incredibly painful seasons of waiting.
Even still, I find myself asking, "couldn't you have taught me this without all the pain?" The answer I come to is almost always "no." There are things I have learned through pain and my decision to wait on the Lord, that I firmly believe I could not have learned any other way.
Most people are able to come to terms with this fact, so the hang up becomes the timing. WHEN is God going to come through with healing, restoration, revelation, provision? I know he CAN do it, but why is it taking so long and why does it have to hurt so badly?
2 Peter 3:9 says, "The Lord is not slow in keeping his promise, as some understand slowness. Instead he is patient with you, not wanting anyone to perish, but everyone to come to repentance." This word repentance implies a changing of ways. That is the key.
Sometimes God allows suffering to continue because He is giving us time to change the way we think or act. Nothing brings us to our knees like suffering, the Lord knows this. Sometimes suffering is exactly the environment God uses to shine a light on the things of our heart that are not yet straight. He would rather see you suffer and receive necessary transformation, than to see you perish in your old ways.
And catch this, the verse says, "He is patient with you." Often we think of ourselves as the patient ones. After all, we are the ones who have to wait on the Lord to bring about His will. But the reality is, God waits on us to yield our hearts to him in order that He can change our thoughts and rebuild our hearts. The Lord is patient and He will wait as long as He must to allow us to experience transformation.
I don't think it's a coincidence that the second day, the Day of Waiting, fell on the Sabbath day. Suffering can be excruciating. Sometimes the tears flow and the cries rise and relief seems far away, yet God is calling you all the while to rest. He's drawing you near to Himself, to the quiet place, to speak to you.
Maybe the painful waiting is His way of telling you He's not finished with you yet. Maybe He's calling you to more. Maybe He's patiently waiting for you to meet Him, so He can speak to your heart.


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Epigenetic Inactivation Of Rassf1a In Uveal Melanoma
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Epigenetic Inactivation of RASSF1a in Uveal Melanoma Willem Maat,1 Pieter A. van der Velden,1,2 Coby Out-Luiting,2 Maria Plug,3 Anita Dirks-Mulder,3 Martine J. Jager,1 and Nelleke A. Gruis2 PURPOSE. The RAS association domain family 1 (RASSF1) gene is a tumor-suppressor gene located on chromosome 3p21.3. The alternative transcript (RASSF1a) has been shown to be inactivated by hypermethylation in several human malignancies, including breast, prostate, and lung cancer, and in cutaneous melanoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the methylation status of RASSF1a in human uveal melanoma. METHODS. The methylation status of the RASSF1a promoter region was analyzed using PCR in combination with melting curve analysis, sequencing, and restriction enzyme analysis. Eleven human uveal melanoma cell lines, normal melanocytes, 39 archival frozen tumor specimens, and a metastatic lesion of untreated primary uveal melanoma were studied. In addition, whether RASSF1a methylation correlates with patient survival and development of metastatic disease was investigated. RESULTS. RASSF1a promoter methylation was detected in 10 of the 11 (91%) cell lines, in 19 of the 38 (50%) patients with primary uveal melanoma and in the metastatic lesion. A positive correlation was found between RASSF1a promoter methylation and development of metastatic disease (P ⫽ 0.041). A correlation with disease-free survival could not be established, but a positive trend was observed (P ⫽ 0.063). CONCLUSIONS. These data show that RASSF1a methylation is a common epigenetic event in uveal melanoma development, potentially of clinical relevance. The presence of a methylated RASSF1a promoter region might therefore serve as a tumor marker and as a possible target for therapeutic intervention. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48: 486 – 490) DOI:10.1167/iovs.06-0781
decreased survival and metastatic disease,8,9 suggesting the presence of a tumor suppressor gene (TSG) at this location. Despite this information, genetic analysis of this chromosome has not revealed specific TSGs as players in uveal melanoma pathogenesis. Alternatively, hypermethylation of promoter-associated CpG islands has recently emerged as an important epigenetic mechanism leading to the transcriptional silencing of TSGs in cancer development,10 including the development of uveal melanoma.11–13 Recent findings in other malignancies have identified the Ras association domain family 1 (RASSF1) gene, located on chromosome 3p21.3, as an important regulator of cell proliferation.14 –16 Hypermethylation of the CpG island in the promoter region of a major alternative transcript of this gene, RASSF1a, occurs frequently in various carcinomas, including those of the breast, prostate, and lung, and in cutaneous malignant melanoma.17–20 In this study, we investigated RASSF1a gene hypermethylation in uveal melanoma. We demonstrated that RASSF1a methylation of its promoter CpG island in uveal melanoma cell lines and primary tumors is a common event. Furthermore, we showed a correlation between RASSF1a hypermethylation and the development of metastatic disease. Consequently, we postulated that the methylation of RASSF1a is a prognostic tumor marker for uveal melanoma and may serve as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Cell Lines, Primary Uveal Melanoma Specimens, and the Metastatic Lesion
From the Departments of 1Ophthalmology and 2Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and 3Hogeschool Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands. Supported by Dutch Cancer Society KWF Grant RUL 2001-2472. Submitted for publication July 10, 2006; revised September 11, 2006; accepted December 1, 2006. Disclosure: W. Maat, None; P.A. van der Velden, None; C. Out-Luiting, None; M. Plug, None; A. Dirks-Mulder, None; M.J. Jager, None; N.A. Gruis, None The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Corresponding author: Nelleke A. Gruis, Skin Research Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; [email protected]
In total, 11 cell lines derived from primary uveal melanomas (92.1, OCM-1, OCM-3, OCM-8, Mel-202, Mel-270, Mel-285, Mel-290) and uveal melanoma metastases (OMM-1, OMM-1.3, OMM-1.5) and a culture of normal uveal melanocytes (Mel-1a) were analyzed for promoter hypermethylation. Cell lines Mel-270, OMM-1.3, and OMM-1.5 represent a progression model because they were derived from a primary uveal melanoma and two of its liver metastases, respectively. All melanoma cell lines were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (Gibco, Paisley, Scotland) supplemented with 3 mM L-glutamine (Gibco), 2% penicillin/ streptomycin, and 10% FBS (Hyclone, Logan, UT). The melanocyte cell line (Mel-1a) was grown in F12 medium (Gibco).21 All cell cultures were incubated at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere. Archival frozen tumor specimens of primary uveal melanoma came from 39 patients who attended the Leiden University Medical Center between 1988 and 1996. The metastatic lesion (adrenal gland metastasis) was derived from the patient with a primary uveal melanoma (tumor 31), from which cell line 92.1 was derived.22,23 All tumors were primary lesions with diameters greater than 12 mm and prominences greater than 6 mm; patients had not received any treatment before enucleation. The validity of the diagnosis, uveal melanoma, was confirmed histologically in all patients, and clinical and survival data were listed for use in this study (Table 1). The research protocol followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki 1964; ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects).
veal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular neoplasm in adults. It accounts for 70% of all primary eye tumors and occurs at an annual incidence of 6 to 8 per million in white populations.1 Uveal melanoma develops without any obvious genetic or environmental predisposing factors.2 An effective starting point for the identification of genetic changes is to study the chromosomes involved in the progression and development of uveal melanoma. Cytogenetic studies have identified a number of chromosomal abnormalities in uveal melanoma, of which loss of chromosome 1p, gain of 6p and i8q, and loss of one copy of chromosome 3 (i.e., monosomy 3) commonly occur.3–7 Monosomy 3 is highly correlated with
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, February 2007, Vol. 48, No. 2 Copyright © Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
Epigenetic Inactivation of RASSF1a
IOVS, February 2007, Vol. 48, No. 2
TABLE 1. Clinical and Survival Data Tumor ID
Survival (mo)
Present Status
Hypermethylated RASSF1a
UM 1 UM 2 UM 3 UM 4 UM 5 UM 6 UM 7 UM 8 UM 9 UM 10 UM 11 UM 12 UM 13 UM 14 UM 15 UM 16 UM 17 UM 18 UM 19 UM 20 UM 21 UM 22 UM 23 UM 24 UM 25 UM 26 UM 27 UM 28 UM 29 UM 30 UM 31 UM 32 UM 33 UM 34 UM 35 UM 36 UM 37 UM 38 UM 39
Spindle Mixed Mixed Spindle Spindle Epithelioid Mixed Spindle Mixed Mixed Epithelioid Mixed Epithelioid Epithelioid Epithelioid Mixed Mixed Epithelioid Epithelioid Spindle Spindle Mixed Epithelioid Spindle Spindle Mixed Mixed Mixed Spindle Mixed Epithelioid Spindle Epithelioid Mixed Spindle Mixed Epithelioid Mixed Spindle
198 29 95 31 50 57 63 179 131 124 50 13 128 30 21 42 23 115 33 12 15 187 167 2 145 131 13 29 122 23 33 24 30 13 101 34 36 24 94
Alive Dead, metastases Dead, metastases Dead, metastases Dead, metastases Dead, unknown Dead, unknown Alive Alive Alive Dead, other cause Dead, metastases Alive Dead, metastases Dead, unknown Dead, metastases Dead, metastases Dead, unknown Dead, metastases Dead, metastases Dead, metastases Alive Dead, metastases Lost to follow-up Alive Alive Dead, other cause Dead, other cause Alive Dead, unknown Dead, metastases Dead, metastases Dead, metastases Dead, metastases Alive Dead, metastases Dead, unknown Dead, unknown Alive
Present Present Present Present Present Not present Not present Not present Not present Not present Not present Present Present Not present Failed Present Present Present Present Present Not present Present Present Not present Not present Present Not present Not present Not present Not present Present Not present Not present Present Present Present Not present Not present Not present
DNA Extraction and Sodium Bisulfite Modification With the use of a column-based extraction kit (Qiagen Genomic tip 100/G; Qiagen Benelux BV, Venlo, The Netherlands), DNA was extracted from cell lines, frozen tumor material, and cultured uveal melanocytes according to the kit manufacturer's guidelines. Genomic DNA was modified with sodium bisulfite (EZ Methylation Gold Kit; Zymo Research Corporation, Orange, CA.). Enzymatically methylated human DNA (Chemicon Europe Ltd., Hampshire, UK) was used as a positive control in all experiments.
Methylation Analysis Methylation status of the promoter region was determined by polymerase chain reaction with specific primers and by melting temperature analysis and was further validated with restriction digestion analysis. Primers were designed using bisulfite-converted DNA sequences (Beacon Designer Software version 5.0; Premier Biosoft International, Palo Alto, CA) and amplified a region of the RASSF1a gene promoter CpG island (NCBI accession *605082; bases 353– 618). Primers are shown in Table 2. PCR was carried out in a final volume of 21 ␮L containing 10 ␮L mix (iQ SYBR Green Supermix; Bio-Rad Laboratories BV, Veenendaal, The Netherlands), 1 ␮L (10 pmol/␮L) of each primer, 8 ␮L H2O, and 1 ␮L bisulfite-converted DNA. PCR was initiated by hot start, followed by 40 cycles at 96°C for 15 seconds, 60°C for 30 seconds, and 72°C for 30 seconds, and with a final melting curve from
70°C to 97°C with an increase in temperature of 0.2°C every 10 seconds The fluorescence of SYBR Green was measured once per cycle to monitor template amplification.
Melting Temperature Analysis PCR amplification of bisulfite-treated DNA and subsequent melting analysis (iQ5 Real-time PCR Detection System; Bio-Rad Laboratories BV) allowed detection of heterogeneous methylation (in which the content and distribution of methylated cytosines differed between different molecules in the same sample). DNA melting peaks were acquired by measuring the fluorescence of SYBR Green during a linear temperature transition from 70°C to 97°C at 0.2°C each 10 seconds with accompanying software (Bio-Rad Laboratories BV).
Restriction Digestion Analysis and Sequence Analysis After amplification with specific primers for methylated DNA, the PCR-amplified fragments were digested using 4 U restriction enzyme TABLE 2. Primers Used in PCR Primer
RASSF1a forward RASSF1a reverse
3⬘-GAAGGAGGGAAGGAAGGGTAAGG-5⬘ 5⬘-GGAGTTTGAGTTTATTGAGTTGCGG-3⬘
Maat et al.
RSA1 (Fermentas GmbH, St. Leon Rot, Germany) directly added to the PCR mixture (under conditions specified by the manufacturer). The RASSF1a amplicon of methylated DNA contains one RSA1 recognition site and is dependent on CT conversion and methylation of a CpG. The recognition site 5⬘-GT_AC-3⬘ only appears when the first C in the GCAC sequence is converted to thymine, whereas the second must be methylated and remains C. Amplified products were analyzed by electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel. DNA bands were excised from the gel, purified with a gel extraction kit (Nucleospin Extract II; MachereyNagel GmbH & Co., Du ¨ ren, Germany), and sequenced on a DNA sequencing system (ABI PRISM 3700; Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA).
Statistical Analysis Survival analysis for RASSF1a promoter methylation was performed with Kaplan-Meier analysis and log rank test (SPSS version 12.0.1 for Windows; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). For comparison between the presence or absence of RASSf1a methylation and metastatic disease, the ␹2 test was performed.
RESULTS Methylation Analysis in Cell Lines, Primary Tumor Tissue, and Metastasis To evaluate whether RASSF1a methylation may play a role in uveal melanoma, we analyzed the methylation status of the RASSF1a promoter region in a panel of uveal melanoma cell lines and archival fresh frozen tumor tissue using melting temperature analysis, sequencing, and restriction enzyme analysis. In unmethylated DNA, all cytosines in a CpG dinucleotide are converted to thymines, but in methylated DNA such cytosines remain unchanged. Replacement of cytosines by thymines results in change of a CG base pair to a TA base pair in double-stranded DNA. Subsequently, the temperature at which DNA becomes single stranded is higher in methylated DNA. PCR performed on sodium bisulfite– converted DNA isolated from uveal melanoma cell lines showed a melting peak at 83.6° to 84.6°C in 10 of 11 cell lines (all except Mel-290), which coincided with the peak of the positive control (full methylation). In cell line Mel-290, a melting peak was observed at 81.2° to 81.4°C, similar to the normal cultured melanocytes, indicating an unmethylated promoter (Fig. 1). This result is consistent with the fact that the amplified RASSF1a amplicon contained 20 CpGs (primer design software predicts a melting temperature difference of 3.4°C). In addition, 39 primary tumors and a metastatic lesion in patient 31 were analyzed in the same manner as the cell lines. One tumor sample failed repeatedly in the PCR and was excluded (sample 15). Of the remaining 38 primary tumor sam-
IOVS, February 2007, Vol. 48, No. 2 ples, 19 (50%) included a methylated RASSF1a promoter region. Nine of these samples and the metastatic lesion showed an additional melting peak at 81.2° to 81.4°C, indicating the presence of methylated and unmethylated DNA in the same sample and signaling the presence of heterogeneous cell populations (Fig. 1).
Restriction Digestion Analysis and Sequence Analysis Amplified PCR fragments were digested using the restriction enzyme RSA1. Incubation with RSA1 and gel analysis of the fragments confirmed the methylation status as already observed with the melting curve analysis. Ten of 11 cell lines showed bands representative for methylated DNA; again, hypermethylation was not observed in the melanocyte culture Mel-1a (normal control; Fig. 2). Of the 38 primary uveal melanomas, 19 samples were found to be methylated by restriction enzyme analysis. These were in exact correspondence with those found to be methylated in melting curve analysis. As a final check, methylation of RASSF1a was confirmed by direct sequencing of the RASSF1a product in all samples (Fig. 3 depicts an example of cell lines Mel-270 and Mel-290).
Survival Analysis To assess whether the presence of hypermethylated RASSF1a was correlated with a clinical parameter, correlations between methylation status and melanoma-associated survival and development of metastatic disease were evaluated. Of the initial group of 39 patients, one was lost after 2 months of follow-up. Mean survival of the remaining 38 patients was 68 months (range, 12–198 months). Development of metastatic disease correlated with the presence of a hypermethylated RASSF1a promoter region (P ⫽ 0.041). An association between diseasefree survival and the presence of a hypermethylated RASSF1a promoter could not be established, though a positive trend was observed (P ⫽ 0.063; log rank test), as shown in Figure 4.
DISCUSSION Epigenetic modification of gene expression is important in tumor development.24,25 Methylation of TSG is now commonly analyzed in tumors and even rivals mutation and deletion as the main mechanism in tumor development in certain tumors.26 RASSF1a is an example of a potential TSG that has been studied in many tumors in which methylation correlates with reduced expression.27 The frequent methylation of the RASSF1a gene in uveal melanoma cell lines (91%) and also in primary tumor tissue (50%) suggests that RASSF1a also plays a role in uveal mela-
FIGURE 1. Different melting peaks for the RASSF1a amplicon. Bisulfitetreated DNA was amplified from cell lines, primary tumors, a metastatic lesion, and completely methylated DNA. Different melting peaks are shown that are also representative of corresponding samples. Melting peaks were obtained by plotting the negative derivative of fluorescence over temperature versus temperature (– d(RFU)/dT vs. T).
FIGURE 2. Restriction digestion analysis. Agarose gel electrophoresis showing RASSF1a-amplified DNA fragments of all uveal melanoma cell lines after digestion with restriction enzyme RsaI. The amplicon contains one RsaI recognition site and is dependent on CT conversion and CpG methylation. The recognition site GT_AC only appears when the first C in the GCAC sequence is converted to thymidine; the second must be methylated and remains a C. In vitro–methylated DNA was used as a positive control, and a normal uveal melanocyte culture was used as a normal control. With the exception of cell line Mel-290, all cell lines showed complete methylation of the RASSF1a promoter region.
noma pathogenesis. It has been suggested that the RASSF1a protein acts at the level of G1/S-phase cell cycle progression.28 Loss of expression of RASSF1a as caused by hypermethylation could therefore reduce G1/S-phase cell cycle control. In lung and breast tumor– derived epithelial cells, reintroduction of RASSF1a expression resulted in growth arrest that was correlated with reduced cyclin D1 protein accumulation, whereas iRNA-mediated inhibition of RASSF1a expression resulted in abnormal accumulation of native cyclin D1.28 Shivakumar et al.28 reported that RASSF1A functions as a negative regulator of cell proliferation through the inhibition of G1/S-phase progression. Loss of one copy of chromosome 3 (monosomy 3) has been reported in approximately 50% of all uveal melanomas and is associated with metastatic behavior of this type of tumor. Until now, no specific TSG at chromosome 3 has been identified that is targeted by this deletion. Therefore, the location of the
FIGURE 3. Sequence analysis of cell lines Mel270 and Mel-290. Sequence results from uveal melanoma cell line Mel-270 DNA (top) and cell line Mel-290 (bottom). The absence of cytosines in amplified bisulfite-converted DNA of cell line Mel-290 confirmed the presence of an unmethylated RASSF1a promoter region in this cell line, as found earlier by digestion analysis.
FIGURE 4. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log rank test showed the difference in disease-free survival according the absence or presence of a hypermethylated RASSF1a promoter region in primary uveal melanoma tumor tissue (P ⫽ 0.063; log rank test). Although not significant, a positive trend was observed.
RASSf1a gene on chromosome 3p21.3 could be of utmost importance for uveal melanoma. Although methylation of RASSF1a may not be held wholly responsible for uveal melanoma development, it could be a contributing factor for uveal melanoma tumor formation and progression. RASSF1a methylation could be the second hit in a classic TSG inactivation in uveal melanoma with monosomy 3. Loss of one RASSF1a copy because of monosomy 3, in combination with hypermethylation of the other copy, could promote progression through the G1/S phase of the cell cycle, stimulating the formation of uveal melanoma tumor. The high frequency of RASSF1A methylation in uveal melanoma cell lines compared with primary tumors has also been observed in cell lines derived from breast and ovarian cancer.29 In addition, the methylation of p16ink4a in uveal melanoma was shown to be more common in uveal melanoma cell lines, in contrast to primary tumors.11 This observation might indicate that tumors with RASSF1A methylation are more oncogenic and are likely to be established as cell lines and is consistent with the observation that, in contrast to the cell lines, one third of the positive tumors presented methylated and unmethylated DNA, suggesting that heterogeneity of the primary tumor is lost in the cell line cultures. An obvious example of tumor heterogeneity is shown in Figure 1. Primary tumor sample 11 seems to be unmethylated, but the tiny shoulder at the position of methylated DNA suggests the presence of a minimal amount of methylated DNA. An attempt to validate this minor methylated DNA fraction through digestion analysis was inconclusive. Future analysis using more sensitive and advanced techniques should be conducted to clarify the possible presence of small quantities of methylated DNA in such samples. Although RASSF1a methylation alone may not be responsible for uveal development, it could be a contributing factor for uveal melanoma tumor formation and progression. The three cell lines derived from one patient (OMM-1.3 and OMM-1.5 are from two different metastases, and Mel-270 is from the primary tumor) were all methylated. The metastatic lesion derived from the same patient bearing the RASSF1a methylated tumor 31 showed two melting peaks, indicating a mixture of methylated and unmethylated DNA probably as a result of contamination of the sample with
normal tissue. Furthermore, RASSF1a promoter hypermethylation was found to be associated with the development of metastatic disease (P ⫽ 0.041), and the presence of methylation in the primary tumor and its metastasis indicates a role for methylated RASSF1a in tumor progression. A correlation with decreased survival could not be established in this study, but a positive trend was observed (P ⫽ 0.063). Based on these findings, we propose that the epigenetic regulation of the RASSF1a gene through promoter hypermethylation may play an important role in the development and progression of uveal melanoma, which once again adds to the proposed high frequency of methylation in uveal melanoma compared with normal tissue. We also propose that RASSF1a might serve as a tumor marker in uveal melanoma.
Acknowledgments The authors thank Ed Barthen for technical support and assistance. They also thank Bruce R. Ksander (Schepens Eye Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA) for cell lines Mel-202, Mel-270, Mel-285, Mel-290, OMM 1.3, and OMM 1.5; June Kan-Mitchell (Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI) for cell lines OCM-1, OCM-3, and OCM-8); and Gregorius P. M. Luyten (Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands) for cell line OMM-1.
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Epigenetic Regulation Identifies Rasef As A Tumor-suppressor Gene In Uveal Melanoma
Pyrophosphorolysis Detects B-raf Mutations In Primary Uveal Melanoma
Mechanisms Of Epigenetic Silencing Of The Rassf1a Gene During Estrogen-induced Breast Carcinogenesis In Aci Rats
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home > Entertainment News > Hollywood News > Article > Elon Musks hosting gig lifts the rating of Saturday Night Live
Elon Musk's hosting gig lifts the rating of 'Saturday Night Live'
Updated on: 10 May,2021 10:48 AM IST | Washington
'Saturday Night Live' gets its third-highest ratings of the season for the episode hosted by Space X found Elon Musk.
Elon Musk. Pic/AFP
SpaceX founder and Tesla CEO Elon Musk's turn as 'Saturday Night Live' host brought the NBC late-night mainstay its third-highest ratings of the season. According to Variety, the May 8 edition of 'SNL' averaged a 4.8 household rating in Nielsen's overnight metered markets and a 2.7 rating in adults 18-49.
That put Musk's episode at no. 3 behind Dave Chappelle's outing as host on November 7 and the October 3 season premiere fronted by Chris Rock. Musk tied the ratings mark set October 24 with the episode hosted by Adele with H.E.R. in the music slot.
Musk had made headlines by revealing that he has Asperger syndrome during his opening monologue on the show. He marked the rare choice of a business world personality to host the NBC late-night institution although his pop-culture profile has grown in recent years thanks to some of his antics and business ventures, all of which were spoofed on 'SNL'.
Musk's prominence in social media and his status as one of the world's wealthiest moguls boosted interest in his appearance on the sketch comedy series. For the first time ever, 'SNL' was also live-streamed on YouTube in more than 100 countries.
Musk has been scolded by financial regulators for his pronouncements about his publicly held businesses in unusual channels for a CEO. During his monologue, he joked about "SNL" being live and the risk that posed for him. He said, "I could say something truly shocking -- like I drive of Prius."
The most recent 'SNL' original, the April 10 edition hosted by 'Promising Young Woman' star Carey Mulligan, averaged 3.6 ratings in 44 overnight metered markets that measure late-night weekend viewership, and a 1.5 in adults 18-49.
NBC noted that 'SNL' to date is enjoying its most-watched season in four years based on total viewers with an average of 12.6 million across 17 episodes to date.
As per Variety, 'SNL' will close out its 46th season with two more original episodes: May 15 with host Keegan-Michael Key and musical guest Olivia Rodrigo and the May 22 finale with host Anna Taylor-Joy and musical guest Lil Nas X.
hollywood news Entertainment News
Next Story : Seth Rogen doesn't plan to work with James Franco after sexual misconduct allegations
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WATCH: Australian cricketer David Warner joins the 'Pathaan' fever


The psoas minor is a fairly modest-sized muscle that lies on the front side of the larger psoas major muscle. It acts as a weak flexor of the trunk, helping a person bend forward.
The psoas minor originates via attachment to the T12 and L1 vertebrae, in the mid-to-low back. This refers to the thoracic and lumbar spine and the intervertebral disc between them. It then travels down and attaches to the iliopubic eminence (the junction of the pubis with the ilium on the front side of the pelvis) with a long tendon.
The nerve that controls the psoas minor is the anterior primary rami of L1.
Oddly enough, about 50 percent of people don't have a psoas minor muscle. Someone that has the muscle and strains it, however, can experience a 50 percent reduction in range of hip motion.


Cute Remodeled efficiency unit. Quartz countertops, updated cabinets, paint and black appliances! Natalen is conveniently located blocks from Incarnate Word, Brackenridge Park, Pearl Bewery, Mahncke Park, Fort Sam AFB, night life, and many restaurants to choose from! Easy access to Highway 35s,35n, 37, and IH10.
From Broadway, take a right on Natalen.
I am interested in 312 Natalen Ave UNIT 308 B2, San Antonio, TX 78209.


text:
Why do Beavers Build Dams?
Home / Science for Kids / 5Ws & H For Kids / Why do Beavers Build Dams?
B Sumangal
Picture a giant rat with a flat tail and webbed feet. That's what the beaver looks like.
There are two kinds of beavers: the American and the European. The European beaver, found in Norway, Poland, Germany and France, lives in burrows.
But the American beaver builds a dam across a stream or lake to construct his home or lodge. The lodges are made of huge logs of trees.
Why do Beavers Build Dams? [Illustration by Sudheer Nath]
The American beaver constructs solid dams and lodges because it has the mind of an expert engineer among all the creatures in the animal kingdom. And it is hard-working too. Moreover, building fortress like lodges and dams helps it escape unfriendly animals.
It is a fascinating process. The beaver first chooses a site towards the narrow end of a stream. Then it starts to fell trees. The animal stands on its hind legs and gnaws at the tree trunk with its sharp chisel-like teeth. The branches are cut off and the tree is then dragged or floated to the chosen site to dam the water. The tree acts like a wall.
The beaver uses broken branches, stones and mud to make the dam watertight. On this structure it builds a large dome-shaped lodge with two underwater entrances. One is a general entrance while the other entrance helps the beaver escape the animals that could harm it.
The beaver uses the lodge to store food as well as to raise its young. Since lakes and rivers freeze in winter, the lodge becomes a refuge from preying animals. Due to its underwater entrances the beaver can come and go as it pleases under the ice. Beaver dams also act as channels to control the flow of water in a stream or lake.
And that's how the term eager beaver came about.
306 words | 3 minutes
Readability: Grade 5 (10-11 year old children)
Based on Flesch–Kincaid readability scores
Filed under: 5ws and h
Tags: #trees, #americans, #stream, #european
You may also be interested in these:
The Truth About Bats
The Truth about Eels
Trees are afraid of storms and not the grass on the ground.
The Chief Minister and the Butterfly
Source: https://www.pitara.com/science-for-kids/5ws-and-h/why-do-beavers-build-dams/


text:
Q: Is android studio an open source project? Is Android Studio an open source project? If it is, where can I get its source code?
Can we add plugins for Android Studio?
Where is the API available for Android Studio?

A: Just a little addition:
Android Studio is based on a bare version of IntelliJ which is open source. The guys from Google added the Android taste on top of IntelliJ and release this under Apache 2 license which is also open source.

A: Here's a little more specific and hopefully clearer information...
The following is from http://tools.android.com/build/studio:

After following the download instructions (here), you will have the
  Android plugin source code under tools/adt/idea, the IntelliJ IDE base
  in tools/idea/, and a lot of shared libraries in tools/base/.

So...
The source code for Android Plug-in is available here:
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/tools/adt/idea/
The source code for Android Studio is available here:
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/tools/idea/

A: Indeed Android Studio is an open source project. It encourages developers to work on plugins and extensions. You can get the source code here
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/tools/adt/idea/+/refs/heads/mirror-goog-studio-master-dev

A: Well some of android studio may be but the binary build of the SDK is not. (https://developer.android.com/studio/terms.html). People have asserted that the source code is open source, but this is difficult confirm. But a lot of the source is distributed under the apache project license.
Terms for the binary build of android studio
It has some objectionable terms:
"2.1 In order to use the SDK, you must first agree to the License Agreement. You may not use the SDK if you do not accept the License Agreement." <-- This may well violate the terms of any copyleft part of the the SDK... though I doubt anything is copyleft. Probably not enforceable.
"3.8 You agree that you will not remove, obscure, or alter any proprietary rights notices (including copyright and trademark notices) that may be affixed to or contained within the SDK."  <-- Probably not enforceable, unless you distribute things
"4.2 You agree to use the SDK and write applications only for purposes that are permitted by (a) the License Agreement and" <-- You aren't even allowed to use android studio.
Copyright status of the source code
This posts states that these restrictions only apply to the "binary",
so maybe you could just build this from source code, the license is not clear about this.
http://www.zdnet.com/article/no-google-is-not-making-the-android-sdk-proprietary-whats-the-fuss-about/
Who knows if it's true, the source code is not exactly easy to get:
(see http://tools.android.com/build/studio). I could not find a list of licenses, the studio code is spread across multiple repos:
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/manifest/+/studio-2.2.2/default.xml and looking at a few repositories each source file seems to be copyrighted separately under APL v2.0.

A: Android Studio is an open source project.
and it is hosted as git reposotiry
Link : http://tools.android.com/build/studio

A: In order to checkout the latest Android Studio you have to use instructions from this page: https://android.googlesource.com/platform/tools/base/+/studio-master-dev/source.md

*

*Download an install the repo tool to checkout the source of Android Studio.

*Check out the latest published source code using the following commands in a shell
$ mkdir studio-master-dev
$ cd studio-master-dev
$ repo init -u https://android.googlesource.com/platform/manifest -b studio-master-dev
$ repo sync -c -j4 -q

A: It's free opensource software, but Google releases only EULA (hence non-free) builds.
EULA-free binary builds are available here:
https://android-rebuilds.beuc.net/
See also:
https://opensource.stackexchange.com/questions/10122/is-there-a-free-open-source-version-of-android-sdk-available-for-use

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
For a movie similar to 'Maid in Manhattan' ...
Maid in Manhattan
2002 Comedy Comedy Drama
Get movie Maid in Manhattan
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Oblivion is a 2013 post-apocalyptic science fiction film based on Joseph Kosinski 's unpublished graphic novel of the same name. ... more on Wikipedia
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King Arthur is a 2004 film directed by Antoine Fuqua and written by David Franzoni . It stars Clive Owen as the title character , Ioan ... more on Wikipedia


text:
More Modern, Youthful Mercedes E-Class Saloon Takes on BMW, Audi Peers
By Gregory Smyth on June 01, 2014 0
The new Mercedes-Benz design idiom is younger, fresher and sets powerful accents through elegant detail solutions. Translated to the E-Class Saloon, the vehicle's powerful profile with tapered side lines, a distinctive arrow-shaped front end with twin-headlamp face and muscular rear section speak of self-assurance.
Enhancing the visual impact are such features as the standard LED daytime driving lamps, LED tail lights and a chrome-finish 2-louvre radiator grille.
The E-Class Saloon competes with other large executive saloons like the BMW 5 Series and Audi A6. The 5 Series saw a facelift in 2013 but changes were minimal, with tweaks made to the front and rear lights and the interior improved. The A6 may have unassuming looks but it still boasts an elegant and appealing design among its peers.
The A6 was always a bit behind its biggest rival the 5 Series. That is until the appearance of the latest A6 model, which is a great all-rounder thanks to the introduction of a new Ultra spec which boosts performance and efficiency.
The E-Class Saloon's cabin features choice materials and fine workmanship, with the high quality woods and upholstery variants of the ELEGANCE and AVANTGARDE design and equipment lines highlighting the individual style of the interior. A host of standard and optional comfort features - such as active multicontour seats, THERMATIC and THERMOTRONIC automatic climate control, climatised front seats and panoramic sliding sunroof - aim for the saloon's occupants to want for nothing more.
The cabin of the BMW 5 Series is slick, impeccably built and makes good use of high quality materials, while the Audi A6 also counts among its features a quality interior.
Mercedes-Benz is known for its innovative, leading safety technologies and the E-Class Saloon comes with a range of standard and optional assistance and safety features. This includes Active Parking Assist, anti-lock braking system (ABS), acceleration skid control (ASR), ATTENTION ASSIST, ADAPTIVE BRAKE system, a reversing camera, 360 degree camera, NECK-PRO head restraints for front seats, driver kneebag and airbags, pelvisbags, sidebags and windowbags for front occupants.
E-Class Saloon models available in the Hong Kong market are the E 200, E 250, E 300, E 400, E 63 AMG and E 63 AMG S Model. The line-up boasts an extended range of engine variants, with Mercedes' new-generation 4-cylinder direct petrol injection engines powering the E 200 and E 250. The E 300 and E 400 run on a V6 engine and the E 63 AMG and E 63 AMG S Model on an AMG V8 biturbo engine.
When it comes to the road, the E-Class Saloon might not be as sharp or engaging as the 5 Series but it still feels poised and inspires confidence. The steering is direct and naturally weighted, body control is good and grip is decent, while good driving visibility adds to the E-Class appeal.
With extensive use of aluminium, the Audi A6 feels agile on the move and is a precise, good drive. It's the BMW 5 Series that sets the standard for driving fun in the executive car class, with its poised, rear-wheel drive handling, great refinement and strong pace.
As one of the world's most exciting and prestigious brand, Mercedes Benz Hong Kong offers luxury passenger cars in Hong Kong and Macau.
Gregory Smyth has published 41 post. Article submitted on June 01, 2014 . Word count: 527
Mercedes Mercedes Benz E Class E Class Saloon E 200 E 250 E 300 E 400 E 500 E 63 Amg
Mercedes Benz R-Class - The Luxury of Mini VAN And SUv
Mercedes Benz R-Class is a combination of the luxury saloon concepts, a sport station, MPV and SUV. It is MPV because it has six seats, SUV because it uses permanent 4 wheel drive, plus the DSR and off-road function that helps drivers handle the sharp rise.
Written by: Derry Dharmawan
Mercedes- Benz Indonesia Introduces New Models
Mercedes-Benz SKL-Class comes in two choices of the SLK 200 and SLK 350 CGI CGI. Each priced at Rp949 million and Rp1, 599 billion (off the road). Both third-generation SLK is now can be booked throughout the official Mercedes-Benz network in Indonesia.
Written by: Jo Luckyjo
Mercedes A Class in Bangalore
Launched in 2012, the A-Class Mercedes Benz is an entry-level hatchback. Based on the Modular Front-Wheel Architecture by Mercedes, this car comes with a front wheel drive.
Written by: Akshaya M
A Definitive Comparative Study - Audi A8 vs Mercedes-Benz S-Class vs BMW 7 Series
While Audi A8 stands for performance and practicality, Mercedes Benz S-Class and BMW 7 Series are not trailing behind, for the other two promises to bring more futuristic gadgets than almost any other car on the market.
Written by: Anthony Wessal


text:
Q: Tweepy SaveFile not defined I am a beginner with Python and I am trying to use Tweepy to save some tweets and in doing so I am struggling to write them to a file.
I get the error that saveFile is not defined.
class listener(StreamListener):
def on_data(self, data):
    try:
        print data
        safeFile = open('twitDb.csv', 'w')
        saveFile.write (data)
        saveFile.write('\n')
        saveFile.close()
        return True
    except BaseException, e:
        print'failed ondata,',str(e)

def on_error (self, status):
    print status

auth = OAuthHandler(consumer_key, consumer_secret)
auth.set_access_token(access_token, access_token_secret)
twitterStream = Stream(auth, listener())
twitterStream.filter(track=['prime'])
My token's seem to be working fine and the tweets do stream in idle. The file appears though there is nothing in there
The error code is
failed ondata, global name 'saveFile' is not defined
It does as mentioned print the data

A: The error must be because of a typo - note that variable name used here is not saveFile.
safeFile = open('twitDb.csv', 'w')

Also consider that you are opening the file in "w" mode for every tweet - as the code is now you would overwrite the file every time a tweet is received.
A better way to do this is to open the file when initializing the listener (__init__), and then write to it from on_data:
class listener(StreamListener):
  def __init__(self):
    self.saveFile = open('twitDb.csv', 'w')

Do remember to close the file after the work's done.
BTW there is a csv module that can help read and write CSV files: https://docs.python.org/3/library/csv.html

A: TYPO in script, change safeFile = open('twitDb.csv', 'w') to saveFile = open('twitDb.csv', 'w').
My suggestion to use is start using IDE or editors which highlight that typos for you, for instance PyCharm


Primarily Inattentive ADD: Life is a Beach!
Just a quick note to let you know that I have not lost all focus and that I am not lost somewhere in an inattentive fog. I am at the Beach and having a great time. The boys are happy and thoroughly entertained with sand and waves. They have made some new friends, kids renting the house next door and they are having a lot of fun with their cousins. Summer is here and the living is easy. I promise to think about something other than fishing soon.
Hello Tess, I just came across your article "Great Schools for Kids with ADHD" and found it very interesting. As the Executive Director of G.R.E.A.T. KIDS W/ADHD a Texas non-profit that operates a K-12 school known as Great Lakes Academy, I felt that you were describing our school and faculty with your list of "Characteristics of a great school". If only more school administrators and teachers understood how to reach and teach children with ADHD and Asperger's....the world would be a much better place.


text:
<?php

namespace Brosland\Blockchain;

class TransactionResponse extends \Nette\Object
{

	/**
	 * @var array
	 */
	private static $REQUIRED = ['message', 'tx_hash'];
	/**
	 * @var array
	 */
	private $data;

	private function __construct()
	{

	}

	/**
	 * @param array $data
	 * @return TransactionResponse
	 */
	public static function createFromArray(array $data)
	{
		Utils::checkRequiredFields(self::$REQUIRED, $data);

		$response = new TransactionResponse();
		$response->data = $data;

		return $response;
	}

	/**
	 * @return string
	 */
	public function getMessage()
	{
		return $this->data['message'];
	}

	/**
	 * @return string
	 */
	public function getHash()
	{
		return $this->data['tx_hash'];
	}

	/**
	 * @return string
	 */
	public function getNotice()
	{
		return isset($this->data['notice']) ? $this->data['notice'] : NULL;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
El Grupo de M101 es un grupo de galaxias ubicadas en la Osa Mayor . El grupo lleva el nombre de la galaxia más brillante en el grupo, la Galaxia del Molinete (M101). La mayoría de los otros miembros del grupo son compañeros de la Galaxia del Molinete o parte de un subgrupo llamado Grupo de NGC 5866. El grupo en sí es una de muchas de ellas ubicadas en el supercúmulo de Virgo (es decir, el supercúmulo local).

Galaxias

Subgrupo de M101

 UGC 8659
 Holmberg IV
 UGC 8882
 MCG 9-23-21
 Messier 101
 NGC 5474
 NGC 5477
 KKH 87
 NGC 5585
 UGC 9405

Subgrupo de NGC 5866

 NGC 5866
 NGC 5879
 NGC 5907

Constelación de la Osa Mayor
Cúmulos de galaxias
Supercúmulo de Virgo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The newly launched Yakki aims to appify the guiding process, for both travellers looking for a person to explore the world with and outdoor guides in need of clients.
The site works like Airbnb, with outdoor guides posting photos and sharing their services, which can be booked in half or full day blocks.
Would you recommend Yakki to a friend?
Isn't this literally the YikYak logo?
@nickabouzeid Nope not the official and trademarked one!
@nicolagiorgi Just because a logo is not pixel-for-pixel identical to another company's logo (or a copyright claim hasn't been filed with the US Copyright Office) does not mean this is not copyright infringement. This is very confusing to see, especially given your name (Yakki). Would recommend you change it to something else that isn't confusing for the average tech user (eg. myself).


text:
how do the characters on the stagecoach change from the beginning to the end
Not affiliated with Harvard College. Because he is running from the law, he is anxious to get a move on at various points in the journey, getting into contentious fights with the other passengers. Stagecoach study guide contains a biography of John Ford, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. They killed Ringo the Kid's brother and father and participate in a shootout with him at the end of the film. The main conflict is outlined at the start, and concerns the tension between Western settlers and American Indians. Hearing that Peacock sells whiskey, Boone gets excited and walks over to introduce himself, taking a swig from the bottle that Peacock is carrying. At the start of the film he has escaped, and the stagecoach encounters him on their journey. At the start of the film he has escaped, and the stagecoach encounters him on their journey. As the woman goes into the hotel across the street, a woman recognizes her and greets her as "Lucy Mallory." Lucy hugs the woman, Mary, and greets the man with Mary, Captain Whitney. Additionally, there is the Confederate gambler, Hatfield, the corrupt banker, Gatewood, the clownish driver, Buck, and the noble Marshal Curley. "I'm offering my protection to this lady," he says, referring to Lucy. Doc Boone is a drunken doctor with a good heart and a strong moral conviction, in spite of his near-constant intoxication. Gatewood is running away with thousands of dollars. Boone pipes in, drunkenly telling Gatewood that they're all going to be scalped. As the messengers leave the bank, Gatewood says, "Remember, what's good for the banks is good for the country.", Down the street, a dancehall girl, Dallas, is ushered out of town by a group of women. Part of the exposition sequence in the film is to establish the ensemble of characters who will be riding the stage coach. "Pride and Prejudice" is a romantic novel written by Jane Austen in 1813. His behavior is so mannered that people often mistake him for a member of the clergy, a comedic contrast with his actual job in liquor sales. Widely used before steam-powered, rail transport was available, a stagecoach made long scheduled trips using stage stations or posts where the stagecoach's horses would be replaced by … He couldn't doctor a horse!" says one of the women, indignantly. Such is a strategic development that enhances the conflict in the plot of the play as the discussion below portrays. Boone, the drunken doctor, is a comic character in that he seems to be a remorseless drunk, as affable as he is pathetic. Lucy's patrician attitudes and finery are somewhat at odds with her rustic surroundings, and she represents the diverse class positions that peopled the West. Ringo is a rugged outlaw who was wrongfully put in jail after the Plummer brothers killed his father and brother. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. The film establishes itself as belonging in the "Western" genre from the start. Curley arrests him and he joins the travelers. Buck calls out that the stagecoach is leaving town, and the group assembles to get on board. The novel centers on the emotional development of two protagonist characters who are two worlds a part socially but very alike in their pride and ability to form prejudices. We are invited into people's most painful and personal moments. The Ringo Kid. A dynamic character , in contrast, is one that does undergo an important change in the course of the story. GradeSaver "Stagecoach Characters". The whole "dangerous untrusting anti-hero" idea associated with an outlaw is missed. The Question and Answer section for Stagecoach is a great He then tells Curley that he's saving up money to get married, and Curley wonders about what Gatewood was doing on his way out of town. The stagecoach starts to embark, when suddenly a lieutenant comes up alongside it and a man delivers a note that tells of the danger with Geronimo. Ringo, played by none other than iconic Western actor John Wayne, makes his entrance once the plot of the story had already been introduced. We see them solely from the perspective of the white men, as threatening savages on the warpath, who, we get the vague sense, are going to attack the stagecoach only because they are violent and spiteful people. The first character is Elizabeth Bennet, Mr. Bennet's second daughter and the most… ( Log Out / A stagecoach is a four-wheeled public coach used to carry paying passengers and light packages on journeys long enough to need a change of horses. The Western film touched upon every stereotypical image imaginable within those first few shots except for one: the outlaw. While sociopolitically this is a complicated issue, in terms of narrative it is an especially straightforward one: cowboys vs. Indians. After she leaves, Gatewood takes a sum of embezzled money from under the main desk and puts it in a bag, planning to leave town. ( Log Out / His character traits didn't necessarily change throughout but the audience's view of him did. At the bank, Gatewood, a bank manager, accepts a payroll delivery from the coach line, the equivalent of $50,000. One of his more humorous affects is his constantly cracking voice. As the driver lets people out of the stagecoach, a woman asks if there's somewhere she can go for a cup of tea. Instead of fleeing from custody, he senses danger and stays to help the others: a heroic move for a supposed con-man. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. He even falls in love with the damsel, an outcast in and of herself. Like Doc Boone, she is driven out of town for not being a respectable member of the town. In contrast to the serious and sophisticated Lucy Mallory is Dallas, a rowdy saloon girl who is being pushed out of town for her prostituting ways. She is conflicted, however, about going to live with Ringo because she fears that his affections are conditional, that he won't love her once he finds out about her bad reputation. It cuts to an isolated town with the county sheriff, guns in every man's hand. Part of the adventure of the film comes from such a mixed crowd embarking into the unknown. In the run-in with the Apache warriors, he is shot in the chest unexpectedly, but luckily is not killed. Talk of Indians or "savages" are on the tips of tongues. A group of men leer at Dallas as she gets onto the stagecoach, exposing her ankle seductively to a group of cowboys. Stagecoach (1939) portrays Indians in a wholly negative light. Dallas goes to Boone and mourns the fact that they are both being run out of town. Even apart from the fact that their travel route is a high risk area, all of the characters on the stagecoach are putting themselves into unusual circumstances, save perhaps Peacock, who is a traveler by trade. While he is not a particularly respectable individual in society's eyes, he has a strong sense of what is right, and is loyal to his father and brother's memory, vowing to avenge their deaths. A static character, in this vocabulary, is one that does not undergo important change in the course of the story, remaining essentially the same at the end as he or she was at the beginning. resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel. The typical "outlaw" persona isn't fully embodied. Lucy makes the rather daring decision to travel through Apache Country while pregnant with a child, even in the face of discouragement from her acquaintances. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. He speaks fondly of his wife and many children, and along the journey strikes up an unlikely friendship with the sloppy Doc Boone. "But, brother, aren't you aware what's happened?" asks Peacock. A stagecoach trip pulls into town to take a short break on their journey. Be a proud, glorified dreg like me.". Hatfield has an ambiguous interest in Lucy and is disreputable in the town. The lieutenant tells Curley and Buck that they have to notify the passengers of the risk, and let them decide if they still want to travel. Curley tries to convince Lucy to not go on the trip, but she replies that her husband is in Lordsburg and she wants to be with him if he's in any kind of trouble. He does not get along with the other characters in the stagecoach, and looks out for Lucy with a chivalrous attention. Inside, Lucy asks Mary and Captain Whitney who the man outside was, and they tell her that he's a "notorious gambler.". Westerns play off this notion by having an outlaw either be the antagonist or the protagonist that eventually becomes good. ( Log Out / Even apart from the fact that their travel route is a high risk area, all of the characters on the stagecoach are putting themselves into unusual circumstances, save perhaps Peacock, who is a traveler by trade. "Doc Boone? He arrests Ringo for breaking out of jail, but he also sympathizes with and likes Ringo, knowing deep down that Ringo is on the side of good. He believes in upholding the law, doing what's right, and being brave, and he acts as a kind of leader in the trip to Lordsburg. They help her onto the stagecoach. resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel. These dear ladies of the Law and Order League are scouring out the dregs of the town. In a nearby bar, the mysterious man that Lucy spotted earlier is gambling and playing cards. Even the quintessential "damsel in distress" makes her presence known. Mary notes that Lucy is only one stop away from her destination, when a strange man comes out of the hotel and tips his hat at the group. Buck is the affable and comic driver of the stagecoach. Whether or not Ford's altered version of an outlaw was intended, Ringo was key to the plot of the story. Because Lucy is pregnant, the women also worry about Lucy traveling without a doctor, but Lucy insists that someone said there was a doctor onboard. What have I done?" she asks the doctor, to which he responds, "We're the victims of a foul disease called social prejudice, my child. Boone asks for a free drink and tells the bartender that he's leaving town for good. Regardless, he is almost always male, rugged and smart. It cuts to an isolated town with the county sheriff, guns in every man's hand. Gatewood is a greedy banker who flees town with several thousand dollars embezzled from the bank. His reasoning for the jailbreak is just: he was wrongfully accused. She is pregnant, and chooses to face unthinkable dangers in order to be reunited with her husband.
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how do the characters on the stagecoach change from the beginning to the end 2020


text:
Find Your Place in Arnie's Army
The Legacy Continues
Nature-Focused Wellness
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Follow the story of a young Mr. Palmer, who grew up in western Pennsylvania in the post-depression years; who would later become an American icon and receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal.
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text:
Ruth Frances McIntosh
Ruth Frances (Busch) McIntosh of Eureka, Kansas, died on Friday, January 7, 2022, at Eureka Nursing Center in Eureka, at the age of 96. She was born November 22, 1925, in Mehan, Oklahoma, the daughter of Frank L. and Jennie Belle (Barth) Busch. She was raised in that area and attended the local grade school and graduated from Ripley High School. Following graduation, she moved to Wichita where she worked at the North Wichita Flour Mill office for Beech. On September 22, 1946, Ruth was united in marriage to Murlin "Max" McIntosh in Wichita. They settled in Pond Creek, Oklahoma for a short time, before moving to Texas for a few years where Ruth was a homemaker and stay-at-home mother to their three children. The family then moved to Eureka, Kansas where Ruth was employed as the District Secretary of the Conservation Department in the courthouse; a position she held for 25 years until her retirement. Max preceded her in death on September 14, 2001. She was a member of the Christian & Congregational Church. Ruth is survived by her children: Raymond and wife, Diane McIntosh of Pratt, Kansas; and Ramona and husband, Marcus Ploof of Noblesville, Indiana; daughter-in-law, Zandra McIntosh of Wichita, Kansas; and six grandchildren. She was preceded in death by her parents; husband; son, Tom McIntosh; and four siblings: Paul Busch, Jack Busch, Mary Shafford, and Jewell E. Busch. Cremation has been effected. Per her wishes there will be no service. In lieu of flowers the family requests that memorials be made to the Christian & Congregational Church. Contributions may be sent in care of Koup Family Funeral Home, P.O. Box 595, Eureka, KS 67045, which is overseeing arrangements. Condolences may be left for the family online at koupfunerals.com.
Ruth Frances (Busch) McIntosh of Eureka, Kansas, died on Friday, January 7, 2022, at Eureka Nursing Center in Eureka, at the age of 96. She was born November 22, 1925, in Mehan, Oklahoma, the daughter of Frank L. and Jennie Belle (Barth) Busch.... View Obituary & Service Information
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text:
Professor's Nazi Salute in Classroom Causes Uproar at US College
Emerson College is investigating a professor's poor attempt at humor.
By Pesach Benson, United With Israel
A Boston professor is taking a leave of absence amid an uproar over a Nazi salute he made in a classroom.
Brian McNeil, a visual and media arts professor at Emerson College made the gesture during a class on the history of photography.
According to the Berkeley Beacon, the campus newspaper, the incident took place last semester. It came to light when Jewish on Campus, a national student-run organization, publicized the incident on Instagram.
The Beacon reported that the incident took place as students were going over their answers to a quiz on mid-20th century German photographers.
The text of the Dec. 16, 2021 post said, "While going over the answers to a quiz, my professor randomly asked me to say something in German. This caught me off guard so I said no. He proceeded to say something in German to me for whatever reason, and then did the Hitler salute at me and the other Jews in my class. This isn't the first time he had done or said something ignorant in class."
The quote was attributed to "Anonymous, Emerson College."
The post and the furor it raised on campus prompted the administration to investigate.
McNeil, who has taught at Emerson since 1997, told the Beacon the salute was meant to make fun of the Nazis and that he doesn't recall singling out any Jewish students. He said it happened as he was about to discuss August Sander, a German portrait photographer whose work was constrained by the Nazis.
But McNeil admitted his salute could have been perceived the wrong way.
"This isn't the first time that he's done something that's questionable," Sadie Swayze, a first-year student who was in the classroom, told the Beacon. "But this was the first time that it was kind of shocking."
She characterized the incident as stemming from ignorance, not hatred.
"I don't think that Brian is a completely malicious, awful person," Swayze said. "He definitely showed his age and the level of ignorance that comes along with being in the older generation—thinking that you can say things and then get away with it."
Another first-year Jewish student in the class, Aaron Baseman told the Beacon he thought the social media reaction was unfairly demonizing McNeil.
"What really unnerved me about the situation was the way it was contextualized online," Baseman said. "It was contextualized in a very different way—one that seems largely discriminatory online, when it was surrounded by a hefty amount of very anti-fascist, anti-Hitler context. [McNeil] was talking about a photographer who was sort of persecuted by the Nazis."
McNeil will take a hiatus from teaching for at least the rest of the spring semester as the administration investigates.
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The post Professor's Nazi Salute in Classroom Causes Uproar at US College first appeared on United with Israel.
By David on January 14, 2022 / Israel in the News


text:
Q: enable and disable a button Xcode 8 I am trying to create a way to disable a Button. This is an app I made that is an egg timer, and I run into one bug; when I press the play button multiple times the timer speeds up and I can't get it to stop. I want to create a disable feature, but everything I've seen on the forum says to use. enable = true. When I use this Xcode says that it isn't valid. What is the proper code for enabling and disabling a button in Xcode 8?
import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController {

    var timer = Timer()
    var myCount = 210
    var button = 0

    func processTimer() {

        //what happens every second

        counter()

    }

    func startTimer() {
        timer = Timer.scheduledTimer(timeInterval: 1, target: self, selector: #selector(ViewController.processTimer), userInfo: nil, repeats: true)
        button = 1
    }

    func pauseTimer() {
        timer.invalidate()
        button = 0
    }

    func resetTimer(){
        timer.invalidate()
        myCount = 210
        countdown.text = "\(myCount)"
        button = 0
    }

    func counter() {
        myCount -= 1
        if myCount > 0 {
            countdown.text = "\(myCount)"
        } else {
            countdown.text = "0"
            timer.invalidate()
        }
    }

    func add(){
        myCount += 10
        if myCount > 0 {
            countdown.text = "\(myCount)"
        } else {
            countdown.text = "0"
        }
    }

    func sub(){
        myCount -= 10
        if myCount > 0 {
            countdown.text = "\(myCount)"
        } else {
            countdown.text = "0"
        }
    }

    // timer countdown
    @IBOutlet var countdown: UILabel!

    // pause button
    @IBAction func pauseButton(_ sender: AnyObject) {
        pauseTimer()
        print("Timer Paused")
    }

    //play button
    @IBAction func playButton(_ sender: AnyObject) {
        startTimer()
        print("Timer started")
    }

    // -10 seconds
    @IBAction func minusTen(_ sender: AnyObject) {
        sub()

    }
    // reset timer to 290
    @IBAction func resetButton(_ sender: AnyObject) {
        resetTimer()
        print("Timer Reset")
    }

    // +10 seconds
    @IBAction func addTen(_ sender: AnyObject) {
        add()
    }

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.

        countdown.text = "\(myCount)"

        if button == 0{
            playButton.enabled = true
        }

    }

    override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
        super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
        // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
    }

}

A: There is two ways to enabled/disable the Button.
playButton.isEnabled = false // This will give the (style) effect of disable to button

or
playButton.userInteractionEnabled = false // This will not give the (style) effect of disable
                                         to button simply stop the user interaction

A: First thing you need to do is add an outlet for your button.  You have created the function, but you need a separate outlet if you want to make changes - something like this
    @IBOutlet weak var cmdPlayButton: UIButton!

then, if you want to prevent multiple presses on the button while the timer is running, you need to disable the button as soon as it is pressed, and only re-enable it when the timer finishes
//play button
@IBAction func playButton(_ sender: AnyObject) {
    cmdPlayButton.enabled = false
    startTimer()
    print("Timer started")
}

just remember to enable the button when the timer finishes or is reset, and you will need to handle the pause functionality - you might change the text on the play button to read 'restart' for instance.


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VALE | Grahame Bowen
sharks.com.au
Wed 30 Mar 2016, 11:35 AM
The Cronulla Sharks are saddened to hear of the passing of former prop forward Grahame Bowen.
Bowen, who played 29 games for the Club after debuting in 1973, played in the now infamous Grand Final defeat to the Manly Sea Eagles that same year.
The prop forward would go on to play until 1975 before retiring.
Prior to joining the Cronulla Sharks, Bowen played for local rivals the St George Dragons between 1967-72 (75 games).
Grahame was actively involved in the community and worked for the SUS Club for many years and could be seen at the Cronulla Pie Shop most mornings with his mates Cliff Watson and co.
Our thoughts go out to Grahame's family and friends at this tough time.
2021 Sharks NRL squad - Hookers
School holiday fun l Gallery
2021 Sharks NRL squad - Back Rowers


text:
Conversion of limited scrutiny to complete scrutiny without credible material or information is invalid
by Mahesh Mara in Income Tax, Legal Court Judgement
Fact and Issue of the case
In this appeal the assessee has taken following grounds of appeal:
1. That on the facts, circumstances and legal position of the case, the Worthy CIT(A) in Appeal No. 10519/17-18 has erred in passing that order in contravention of the provisions of S. 250(6) of the Income Tax Act, 1961.
2. That on law, facts and circumstances of the case, the Worthy CIT(A) has erred in confirming the action of Ld. AO in converting the impugned assessment from limited scrutiny to complete scrutiny even when there did not exist circumstances justifying the said conversion and also there was no incriminating or credible material in the hands of the Ld. AO which justified the above referred conversion and therefore the impugned assessment deserve to be quashed.
3. That on law, facts and circumstances of the case, the Worthy CIT(A) has erred in confirming the action of Ld. AO in disallowing expenses of Rs. 4,63,553/- out of the total addition of Rs. 15,45,176/- u/s 40(a)(ia) on account of alleged non deduction of TDS on the expenses claimed even when the payments made to various parties were below the threshold limit for deducting TDS and the appellant was not compulsorily required to deduct TDS on the same.
4. That on law, facts and circumstances of the case, the Worthy CIT(A) has erred in confirming the action of Ld. AO in disallowing expenses of Rs. 11,11,174/- out of the total addition of Rs. 3,70,579/- u/s 40(a)(ia) on account of alleged non deduction of TDS on the advertisement expenditure claimed by the appellant.
5. That on law, facts and circumstances of the case, the Worthy CIT(A) has erred in confirming the action of Ld. AO in making disallowance of Rs. 1,80,190/- on account of claim of expenses towards donation in the group "Development Expenses Govind Valley"
6. That on law, facts and circumstances of the case, the worthy CIT(A) has erred in confirming the action of Ld. AO in making addition of Rs. 5,00,000/- on adhoc basis by disallowing certain development expenses claimed by the appellant on account of non furnishing of cash bill vouchers as per ledgers even when the copies of ledger account of various development expenses along with the cash vouchers were duly produced and verified by the Ld. AO.
7. That the appellant craves leave for any addition, deletion or amendment in the ground of appeal on or before the disposal of the same."
Observation of the Tribunal
In the present case the CBDT shows that to convert the limited scrutiny into complete scrutiny, the Assessing Officer shall be required to form a reasonable view that there is a possibility of under statement of income and that view should be based on credible material or information available on record and such a view should not be based on mere suspicion, conjecture or unreliable resources and there should be a direct nexus between available material and formation of view. However, the above conditions are not fulfilled in this case. The AO has not referred to any credible or reliable material or information to form the view that there was a possibility of under assessment of income in this case. The AO has merely made certain disallowance on adhoc basis without pointing out any information or material available to him which has a direct nexus to show that there was possibility of under assessment of income. In view of this, conversion of limited scrutiny into complete scrutiny is against the spirit of CBDT mandate which is binding on the AO. Therefore, the conversion of limited scrutiny into complete scrutiny being not valid, the consequential additions made by the AO on adhoc basis and further confirmed by the CIT(A) are not sustainable in the eyes of law. Same are ordered to be deleted.
In the result, appeal of the assessee stands allowed.
Read the full order from below
Conversion-of-limited-scrutiny-to-complete-scrutiny-without-credible-material-or-information-is-invalid
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Launching of e-Filing Portal of Income Tax Appellate Tribunal


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The third generation of the Gagliano family witnessed the finest instrument making of the family and also saw its decline in the 19th century. Joseph Gagliano (1742 – 1820) was the second violin making son of Nicolo. Whereas his older brother, Ferdinand, worked with their uncle Gennaro, Joseph's hand is frequently seen in the instruments of Nicolo. His early instruments showed him to be very skilled, and his work was at times comparable to his father's. Over time the quality of his instruments declined and those made in conjunction with his brother Antonio are markedly less successful.
This violin is a full, broad model that offers the highest level of power and brilliance that is perfect for any concert violinist. It is in excellent condition, which assures stability and reliability that is so essential for players today.


text:
Has Collins committed plagiarism?
April 4, 2012 April 4, 2012 Allen Brady 0 Comments Opinion, Perspectives, review, The Hunger Games
Americans have been losing their minds over the recent young-adult-novel-turned-motion-picture "The Hunger Games."
Presenting a dystopian future run by a totalitarian government which forces a handful of children (or tributes) to kill one another until only one emerges as the victor, Suzanne Collins has had people emotionally engaged and almost obsessing over Katniss' story.
The theatrical adaptation brought in $152.5 million in its opening weekend alone, and anyone who hasn't been living under a rock can clearly see that Stephanie Meyer and her sparkling vampires have a strong competitor.
But is Collins original in her story about children fighting to the death in the face of economic ruin and government corruption?
Fans of "Battle Royale," the Japanese novel (published in 1999) and film (2000), have cried foul claiming that Collins has wholeheartedly ripped off her story and setting.
Both stories portray dystopian futures with corrupt governments resulting from collapsed societies resulting in strict, unfair laws which violate basic human rights and call for children to kill one another in desolate locations in the form of games.
But they also have their differences.
Geek-culture blog Kotaku writes that, although the two stories share a similar theme, the reasoning behind the games is different in each.
The "Battle Royale Act" was passed to scare rebelling youth into submission while "The Games" are broadcast to each district to instill fear and remind them of the Captiol's control.
The students in "Battle Royale" are gassed and dropped off on an abandoned island with explosive collars around their necks, while the tributes receive special training and know in advance about their situation.
They also both share some elements of romance, sick volunteers and villains who enjoy children killing one another.
Overall both stories have enough difference that one couldn't easily accuse Collins of completely ripping off "Battle Royale," even if it did come first.
While we're at it, before "Battle Royale," there was "The Running Man," "The Lord of the Flies" and "The Most Dangerous Game."
Collins, in an interview The New York Times, stated that she ""had never heard of that book until her book was turned in."
Regardless, fans of "Battle Royale" have written many blog posts and tweets about how they "liked the Hunger Games when it was called Battle Royale."
Koushun Takami, author of "Battle Royale," told ABC News that he appreciates fans standing up for his novel, but that "every novel has something to offer" and "if readers find value in either book, that's all an author can ask for."
Being a fan of both, I feel that fans should lay aside their hipster tendencies to claim that they liked "The Hunger Games" or "Battle Royale" before they were mainstream or cool and enjoy both books.
Before the theatrical release of "The Hunger Games," very few Americans even knew of the existence of "Battle Royale." Now we have, for the first time, a North American box set (conveniently released the same week as "The Hunger Games").
If anything, Collins' novel serves as a gateway to other dystopian stories and has sparked interest in an otherwise obscure genre.
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Enjoy a traditional high tea among the wonderful decorations. The cost for the high tea is $22 for Woodlawn members/$25 for non-members and includes your visit of the museum. Space is limited, so plan quickly and purchase your tickets here. For the tea menu, click here.


text:
VLOG: SATURDAY MORNING AT THE ZOO
A few weeks ago we went to the zoo with my brother Daniel and his wife Olivia. We've been taking full advantage of our zoo passes, going half an hour to an hour before closing, so meeting up with them there on a Saturday morning was quite different than what we've been getting used to (i.e. crowded, haha). We still had a ton of fun AND we got to watch the Sea Lion show which Lydia LOVED. She was attentive the whole time and kept saying "More! More! More!" 😂
I asked Daniel and Olivia to bring along their selfie stick, and I used it to record footage throughout the day. Lydia took a little while to warm up to the camera, but she was a fan of the selfie stick from the start, haha. She kept gabbing it during the videos so if you're wondering why the camera moves really close to my face at any point, you can thank her for that!
I can't decide if I like "vlogging" like this more or less than just posting to instagram stories. Recording and editing a video is a ton more work, but I do like that it doesn't go away after 24 hours, and I feel like we're much more likely to rewatch videos like this as a family than we are to watch 10 second clips that saved to my phone from my stories?! (Like taking pictures (instastories) vs. printing and scrapbooking them (vlogging).) I keep going back and forth on how I feel. haha. Input is always appreciated ;)
,	by Han
baby baby baby
LET'S CHAT: LYDIAISMS
A few weeks ago Stephen and I were sitting out on the balcony watching Lydia play in a small bucket of dirty water and we decided to film a video talking all about Lydia. Although it didn't feel like it (Stephen agrees!!!), we ended up with almost 25 minutes of footage (🙈) so I did my best to narrow it down to closer to about six minutes, but I realize it is STILL one of those videos that is going to be infinitely more entertaining for parents and grandparents (and hopefully her someday) than for anyone else. haha. (In other words, if you think it is boring, I will do my best to refrain from saying "I told you so." ;))
It's crazy how much Lydia has changed just in the last three weeks since this was filmed! Very few things we talk about in the video are still true, and she knows SO MANY more words now, but it just makes me glad we filmed it when we did because every stage at this age is so fleeting!
Oh how we love our Lydia Girl!


text:
Review of Twice a Stranger by Bruce Clark
(Harvard University Press, 2006)
This is the best book I have read on the tragic Greek-Turkish "population exchange" of the 1920s. I found the book remarkable for several reasons: One is its organization. Chapters alternate between diplomatic history and human suffering stories, many of them based on interviews with survivors of that era. This has a powerful effect on the reader who sees how people were dying while "diplomats talked." Another is its fairness in discussing the responsibilities of each side. (The official Greek and Turkish positions place all the blame on the other side.) And finally the coverage of the suffering of the Muslims that were sent from Greece to Turkey as part of the "exchange." As the books states on p. 161 "In most cases, the fate of these migrants was not as terrible as that of the Anatolian Christians who fled either in the heat of war, or as a result of forced marches followed by forced embarkations on ships riddled with disease; but the Muslim exodus was bad enough."
The final chapter of the book, "The price of success", is particularly remarkable and I would recommend it even to those who have no special interest in Greece or Turkey. Clark points out that in a way the "exchange" was a success, despite its huge human cost. It allowed Greece and Turkey to become nation states that lived more or less peacefully side by side because of "good fences." But then he goes on to show that such fences are not viable and the linking of religion and ethnicity is a dangerous policy. In the case of Greece and Turkey a new conflict arose because of Cyprus and the two countries came close to war again. Finally, he shows how futile is trying to maintain ethnic and religious homogeneity in the modern era of globalization and extensive labor migration.
Clark was born in Northern Ireland and I suppose his early exposure to sectarian strife provided him with particular insight in the subject.
It is sad to see today that ethnic cleansing (based on one's religion) continues whether in the former Yugoslavia or in Iraq.


text:
Q: How to evaluate the result of Share.RequestAsync in Xamarin forms Iam using Xamarin Share to share a URI. Is there anyway to evaluate the result if it was shared or cancelled. From the share dialog the user either share or cancel sharing.
public async Task ShareUri(string uri)
    {
        await Share.RequestAsync(new ShareTextRequest
            {
                Uri = uri,
                Title = "Share Web Link"
            });
    }

A: No, there is no way to do this as that function just returns a void.
If you look at native development too, there's no way to get that information on either platform due to privacy reasons (unless the device is jailbroken)


text:
Carl Barât and the Jackals
Let It Reign
Mar 09, 2015 Web Exclusive By Lily Moayeri
It's an odd decision for Carl Barât to be releasing what is essentially his second solo album not long before the release of the eagerly anticipated album from his perennially popular reformed group, The Libertines. Tacking on The Jackals, musicians he found through online ads and then vetted, much like a music competition show (albeit at a pub in London, England), Let It Reign is very much Barât's solo work. The follow-up to his self-titled solo debut in 2010, Let It Reign has been awaiting release for over a year. This delay has served it well, as the rough and ready songs have had a chance to season.
Recording the album in Los Angeles with veteran hardcore punker, The Bronx's Joby J. Ford, Let It Reign has the bite of American punk rock with the swagger of its British counterpart. Barât carries the swagger over to his exaggerated enunciation of snarly lyrics in the most British-accented delivery possible. A return to the garage rock that has propelled most of his musical endeavors, the primary thrust of Let It Reign is guttural. There are, however, tempo and minor style changes along the way that stop the album from being one long string of yells. Barât's high speed shouts on "Summer in the Trenches" boomerang against a ska bounce and slow down on the swaying "Beginning to See," which would work well on a musical theater stage. Alternately, "The Gears" has the stalwartness that lends itself to a stiff-stepping moshpit. And in a schizophrenic turn, the music is blandly accessible on "We Want More" and Britpop drab on the title track.
The critics can approve of Barât's musical moves or not. In the eyes of his dedicated following, he can do no wrong. And so for them he continues to reign. (www.carlbaratandthejackals.com)
Author rating: 5.5/10
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Q: navigation bar disappear after adding prepare function I am woking on an recording APP.
I tried to add navigation controller in my first recording viewcontroller which then could pass filename array to the second viewcontroller using the following function prepare:
override func prepare(for segue: UIStoryboardSegue, sender: Any?) {
    let controller = segue.destination as? MainViewController
    controller?.recordArray = recordingArray
    self.present(controller!, animated: true, completion: nil)
}

However, when ran in the simulator the navigation bar disappeared in the second controller and Xcode pops out the warning

Thread1: EXC_BAD_ACCESS(code=2,address=0x7fff51edfff8)

Has anyone got any advice?
Thanks!

A: Don't ever call present(_:animated:completion:) inside prepare(for segue:).
prepare(for segue) is called automatically by the system just before a segue is about to happen to let you prepare the data for sending to the destination viewcontroller or do any other calculations you need to before performing the segue. A segue needs to be set up in Storyboard and it will either be called automatically or if it is a manual segue, you need to call it using perform(segue) and once you do that, the system will call prepare(for segue) for you. You can see why calling another navigation function proves to be problematic, since you are trying to navigate to another viewcontroller using two different methods (segue and present).
If you haven't set up the segue in Storyboard, then you also need to do that, since if it is not set up, let controller = segue.destination as? MainViewController will be nil.
Once you set up the segue in Storyboard, this is how your function should look like:
override func prepare(for segue: UIStoryboardSegue, sender: Any?) {
    if let controller = segue.destination as? MainViewController {
        controller.recordArray = recordingArray
        self.present(controller, animated: true, completion: nil)
    }
}

A: You shouldn't be trying to present a VC in this method, it's just a place for you to configure the destination VC before the segue presents it
override func prepare(for segue: UIStoryboardSegue, sender: Any?) {
    guard let controller = segue.destination as? MainViewController else { return }
    controller.recordArray = recordingArray
}