text:
When did France colonize Indochina?
Did France colonize Indochina?
Why did France colonize Indochina?
When did France take Indochina as a colony?
Why did France colonize Vietnam?
Was Cuba colonized by France?
What is French Indochina called today?
Did any French stay in Vietnam?
Did France colonize Algeria?
Why do they call it Indochina?
Who Colonised China?
France did not set out to conquer Indochina all at once. Over a period of more than 350 years the French gradually extended their control over Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. … In time, France had extended its control to encompass Laos, North and South Vietnam, and Cambodia, which they called French Indochina.
In reality, French colonialism was chiefly driven by economic interests. French colonists were interested in acquiring land, exploiting labour, exporting resources and making profit. 3. Vietnamese land was seized by the French and collectivised into large rice and rubber plantations.
The term Indochina refers to the intermingling of Indian and Chinese influences in the culture of the region. After gradually establishing suzerainty over Indochina between 1858 and 1893, the French created the first Indochinese Union to govern it.
The decision to invade Vietnam was made by Napoleon III in July 1857. It was the result not only of missionary propaganda but also, after 1850, of the upsurge of French capitalism, which generated the need for overseas markets and the desire for a larger French share of the Asian territories conquered by the West.
THIS IS AMAZING: Why is Bangkok called the big mango?
French Colonization in Cuba, 1791-1809.
The term was later adopted as the name of the colony of French Indochina (today's Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos), and the entire area of Indochina is now usually referred to as the Indochinese Peninsula or Mainland Southeast Asia.
After 1954, French fell into disuse in North Vietnam, and maintained a high status in South Vietnam. Since the Fall of Saigon in 1975, French has declined in modern Vietnam: in 2018, under 69% of the population was fluent in French.
The French invaded Algeria in 1830. This was the first colonisation of an Arab country since the days of the Crusades and it came as a great shock to the Arab nation.
The term Indochina (originally Indo-China) was coined in the early nineteenth century, emphasizing the cultural influence of Indian and Chinese civilizations on the area. The term was later adopted as the name of the colony of French Indochina (today's Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam).
From history, it can be known that China is a country which has been colonized by several nations such as Britain and Germany. Though there was a time with weakness and invasion of other countries, China recently became one of the countries that have the speediest development in the world.


We've identified the five most competitive House races in the country, and they're all seats held by Republicans.
The races in Iowa, Florida, Texas, California and Maine — all considered true coin flips — will help determine whether Democrats will win control of the House in November, according to conversations with more than a dozen Republican and Democratic pollsters, strategists, analysts, and operatives.
Why it matters: The 2018 midterms battlefield is changing every week, and this list shows the uphill battle Republicans will face if they want to keep control. There are a lot of close races, but these ones are especially close, and some haven't gotten the attention that analysts say they deserve.
Here's what binds these five races together: They're the ideal place for Democrats' blue wave to crash in 2018. They've kept their GOP reps over the years, but have been slowly shifting toward Democrats — as seen either in the way their district voted in the last presidential election, in the incumbent Republican's victory margin in his last re-election bid, or in the support for the Democratic candidate in this year's primaries.
Iowa's 3rd district: It's held by Republican Rep. David Young, who Kyle Kondik of Larry Sabato's Crystal Ball calls "an accidental incumbent." He was selected to run at a convention in Iowa in 2014 after getting less than 35% of the vote in the primary. "This will be a trickier environment" than 2014 and 2016 for Republicans, Kondik says, and Democrats think Cindy Axne — who got 58% of the vote in her primary and is backed by the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee — is a strong candidate for them.


The web address should be listed on your library card. For example, here's the Toronto Public Library website. Step Two: Browse the library home page. If your library offers free magazine subscriptions through Zinio, the link is often prominently displayed on the home page. For example, here are two library websites that offer Zinio. Check your local library today. Step Three: Follow the... Announcements: Beginning December 3, 2018, the Mississauga, Scarborough and St. George TCard Services offices will be issuing TCards for new and returning students who have paid and registered for the Winter 2019 session.
Step 1 of 3: Borrow an eBook from your public library. An eBook can only be borrowed by one person at a time. If a book is checked out by someone else, you'll see an option to place a hold on a book.... We thought that sounded almost too good to be true so we hit up library websites to see what the deal was. It turns on that you can, in fact, use your library card to get museum passes and more.
The YU-card serves as the only library borrowing card for these students. Please ensure that your preferred email account is correct in your student profile by clicking this link My Preferred email address as all library notices will be sent to it.... Step 1 of 3: Borrow an eBook from your public library. An eBook can only be borrowed by one person at a time. If a book is checked out by someone else, you'll see an option to place a hold on a book.
The YU-card serves as the only library borrowing card for these students. Please ensure that your preferred email account is correct in your student profile by clicking this link My Preferred email address as all library notices will be sent to it.
A University of Toronto Student Card (TCard) is available free of charge to any student who is taking a course with the School of Continuing Studies.


The 1917 Chicago White Sox dominated the American League with a record of 100–54. The 100 wins is a club record that still stands. Their offense was first in runs scored while their pitching staff led the league with a 2.16 ERA.
Facing the New York Giants in the 1917 World Series, the team clinched the series in six games, thanks in large part to the workhorse efforts of Eddie Cicotte and Red Faber. It would be the team's last world championship until 2005.
April (9–7) – home (4–6) – road (0–6) – 0 R.S. 0 R.A.
There were accusations of this series not being completely "on the level," especially after the Black Sox scandal of 1919. The most notable play involved Heinie Zimmerman of the Giants chasing Eddie Collins across home plate in the deciding game. Zimmerman was later banned from organized baseball for throwing games.


text:
QUIRKY WORLD ... 80,000 bottle of stolen beer bound for the bin
USA: Authorities have found most of the nearly 80,000 bottles of beer that were stolen from an Atlanta brewery last week, but the company says every last drop will have to be thrown away.
Fri, 01 Jul, 2016 - 01:00
SweetWater Brewing Co. spokeswoman Tucker Berta Sarkisian said the Georgia Bureau of Investigation and Southeastern Transportation Security Council returned 30 of the 40 pallets of beer that had been stolen, minus a few cases.
The other 10 pallets had already been recovered. It's unclear where the stolen beer was found and no arrests have been made.
Sarkisian says two trailers carrying 3,272 cases of SweetWater's Summer Variety Pack were stolen on June 21. The trailers were later found empty.
Because of quality concerns, Sarkisian says the beer, worth about $90,000 (€81,000), will be taken to a recycling facility.
Literary tarantula
COLOMBIA: A new species of tarantula with stinging hairs has been named after Nobel Prize-winning Colombian author Gabriel Garcia Marquez.
The 10cm-long spider, Kankuamo marquezi, was found in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, a mountainous region on the Caribbean coast of Colombia.
Other tarantulas in its subfamily flick barbed "urticating" hairs at their enemies, which can cause fatal injuries to small mammals. K. marquezi is different in that its stinging hairs are not thrown but cause irritation when they are touched.
Who killed the hobbits?
INDONESIA: It may not yet be enough to convince a jury, but mounting evidence suggests ancestors of modern humans wiped out the world's only known population of hobbits.
A race of 3.5ft tall humans — known as "hobbits" — were using stone tools on the Indonesian island of Flores 50,000 years ago but then mysteriously vanished.
Scientists now believe modern Homo sapiens humans were using fire in the hobbits' cave at least 41,000 years ago.
The discovery of hearths in the Liang Bua cave indicates that hobbits and modern humans both occupied the site within 11,000 years of each other.
Saved by spoon in Somme
ENGLAND: A soldier shot during the Battle of the Somme survived as the bullet hit a spoon and bible he kept in his jacket pocket.
Henry Cooper, from Manchester, was 20 when he was hit in the chest during the battle in 1916. The bullet was deflected by a silver spoon and bible he kept in his left jacket pocket before it pierced his skin.
Cooper returned to the UK and spent months in hospital in Southampton recovering from the gunshot wound.
Fishy trailer
USA: The owner of a California cinema has apologised after a trailer for an adult-themed movie starring Seth Rogen was shown ahead of a screening of Disney's Finding Dory.
The East Bay Times reports moviegoers eager to see the PG-rated Dory at a cinema in the Bay Area city of Concord were surprised earlier this month with a preview of Rogen's Sausage Party, an animated film with dark themes about what happens to food after it's taken home from the supermarket.
The cinema's vice-president, Walter Eichinger, said it was a one-time mishap due to the cinema "moving screens around in effort to accommodate several large last-minute groups wanting to see Dory".
He says the wrong movie was started by mistake and insists it won't happen again.
Stuffed scares
USA: A realistic-looking stuffed toy alligator that was spotted along the banks of a Connecticut river gave many residents a scare.
The Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection responded to the Connecticut River in Suffield after receiving reports of an alligator in the area.
DEEP officials located the so-called alligator and discovered it was actually a 1.5m-long stuffed toy.
Officials don't know where it came from or why it was there. It has since been removed.
Feline feels for faucet
USA: A cat came with a flood warning when it was adopted from an animal shelter.
Officials at Florida Humane Society said one of its cats turned on a faucet last week, leaving the water to run for 17 hours.
President Carol Ebert says the flooding caused water to run out the shelter's back door. No animals were injured, but the shelter is seeking donations to repair floors, cabinets, and other damage estimated around $5,000 (€4,500).
Volunteer Terry Arbour says the shelter suspects a 6-month-old kitten known to play in the sinks.
The cat's name was not released.
place: usaplace: atlantaplace: sierra nevada de santa martaplace: caribbeanplace: colombiaplace: indonesiaplace: liang bua caveplace: sommeplace: manchesterplace: ukplace: southamptonplace: californiaplace: bay areaplace: concordplace: connecticut riverplace: suffieldperson: tucker berta sarkisianperson: sarkisianperson: gabriel garcia marquezperson: henry cooperperson: cooperperson: seth rogenperson: walter eichingerperson: presidentperson: carol ebertperson: terry arbourevent: battle of the sommeorganisation: quirky worldorganisation: sweetwater brewing co.organisation: georgia bureau of investigation and southeastern transportation security councilorganisation: sweetwaterorganisation: disneyorganisation: east bay timesorganisation: connecticut department of energy and environmental protectionorganisation: deeporganisation: florida humane society

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Event proceeds will benefit all eight schools enriching the classroom learning experience for each CUSD 95 student.
Choose the day that you and three guests want to attend the tournament. Package includes chef prepared meals and open bar in a private chalet.
Four bedroom, 4.5 bath private home located in the heart of the Colorado Rockies.


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Runners at all levels have spoken out about harassment. Pic: Getty Images.
Welsh Athletics Call For Government Action To Make Running Safe
By Owen Morgan
Welsh Athletics has called on the government to help protect the safety of all runners at all levels.
Lockdown has seen a growing number of female runners reporting intimidating behaviour against them while out training for competition or exercising for their own leisure, health and enjoyment.
In a statement issued by Welsh Athletics, CEO James Williams said: "We'd like to express our solidarity with all those supporting our collective rights to exercise safely and would urge Welsh Government to work across departments to ensure that this matter is given due attention."
The statement follows a number of complaints by female Welsh international and club runners regarding unacceptable behaviour against them while training on roads, pavements and other public places during lockdown.
Their stories sparked a flood of other female runners of all abilities sharing experiences of being harassed and even physically assaulted while exercising outdoors.
The problem isn't confined to Wales – there are reports of women being harassed while running across the United Kingdom.
A third of female runners have experienced harassment while exercising alone, according to England Athletics.
Extremely grateful for access to facilities, however there are still loads of talented athletes training on the roads and grass… Let's hope Welsh gov allow outdoor tracks to open, where social distancing is completely possible, and allow athletes to train in a safe environment https://t.co/1DkybvG4SH
— Hannah Brier (@HannahBrier98) February 26, 2021
The situation is alarming given the increase in participation numbers in running during recent years – particularly amongst women.
Williams' statement added: "In 2015, we launched the Run Wales Social Running Programme – one of the main objectives was to support growth in female running across Wales.
"Since this time, we have seen a huge growth in the number of females who use running as a method of improving their physical and mental wellbeing.
"We now have more female members of Welsh Athletics than male and more female running leaders than male.
"More importantly, we have also seen a huge growth in female role models, with groups like She Runs Cardiff, Badass Mothers, Sole Sisters, and Dolly Mixtures to name just a few.
More women than men now regularly run in Wales. #Itsnotok that fear of harassment or abuse should deter anyone, of any gender, race, or orientation from training outdoors #reclaimthesestreets #exerciseourfreedom pic.twitter.com/3JbKRBnj2i
— @welshathletics (@WelshAthletics) March 13, 2021
"These groups have created huge networks for runners of all abilities and backgrounds to start running and inspire each other.
"We are all incredibly saddened to hear the many, many stories of female runners being heckled, harassed, and in some cases assaulted whilst exercising.
"This is simply not acceptable, we stand ready to support our community to raise awareness of this issue and to champion the female runner and leader.
"No one, irrespective of gender, race or orientation should be put off exercising."
Posted in Dai Ath
Tagged James Williams, running, safety, Welsh Athletics, Welsh Government
Derek Adams Had It Coming, Says Newport Hit Man Kevin Ellison . . . He Disrespected Me
Wales TT Ace Charlotte Carey Faces Portugal Mission In Bid To Qualify For Tokyo


The PL490 is the video wall solution optimized for the finest image quality and easiest content management. Featuring a 4K screen engineered with an ultra-narrow 3.5mm bezel gap, the PL490 makes use of daisy chaining technology to immerse your customers in a seamless viewing experience that's impactful and distraction-free. By marrying USB plug-and-play simplicity with content scheduling system, the PL490 also provides a hassle-free solution for distributing content across all displays. With the PL490, you can have an unrivaled video wall solution that will inform and impress your customers.


text:
HOME › Bookshop › Biography › GROWLING IN THE KENNEL OF JUSTICE
Format: Hardback/eBook
Growling in the Kennel of Justice
Lawyers' reflections on the legacy of Robert Burns
by Allan Nicolson
In unfolding the backstory of the Bard's life and working through the voices of 22 lawyers from Burns's era, Allan Nicolson subtly unravels a tale at once familiar and new – even startling at times. Blending Burns's verse, correspondence and law reports of the time, Nicolson has been able to build up a novel analysis of the legacy of the Scottish poet. Steeped in the atmosphere of that era, the narratives are peppered with details of bank failures, land disputes, bankruptcies, threats of dismissal, court actions for breach of copyright, and support claims for Burns's many illegitimate children, which, alongside the poet's verse and correspondence, reveal hitherto unexplored areas of life in late 18th century Scotland. Nicolson has drawn on actual legal documents to make his case, uncovering new material in the process, and many are included together with his own reconstructions of documents long since destroyed. The accounts confirm the grip the upper class had on Scottish society at that time, maintained by judicial bias and political patronage. Personal accounts of their recollections of the poet are provided by a range of lawyers – all of whom knew Burns – including judges, advocates, local solicitors in provincial towns and one of Scotland's leading institutional writers. The most eminent narrator is Sir Walter Scott, an advocate who met Burns only once but who assisted in raising funds for memorials to the poet, and who had much to say about his politics as well as his lasting contribution to British literature. This fascinating account will be enjoyed by Burns enthusiasts and readers who are passionate about historical fiction. The educational elements and bold legal research will provide the reader with an idea of how the legend of Robert Burns came into being. In writing about Burns and Scotland in his time, Allan Nicolson drew inspiration from the works of James A. Mackay and Michael Fry.
Full Text: Fascinating insight into Robert Burns' life but also to the society he lived in.
by Bob Hogg
A thoroughly interesting book into Burns's family background and what made him into the man that he was. Scholars of him will utterly devour this & it was really interesting to read of his dealings with the law.
by Adele Mitchell
Buy as a printed
Matador customers get £7.50 off this title when pre-ordering, by using the code 'BARD'!
Also by Allan Nicolson / Related Books
by Prashant Naik
Love Well The Hour
by Anne Jordan
The Forgotten Pioneer
by Anthea Ramsay
Jack the Lad RN
by Ted Macey and Merry Swan
The Man Who Didn't Go To Newcastle
by Alison Clink
Black Pasta
by Elena Harvey
On His Majesty's Service
by Jacqueline D'Arcy
Poppy's Seed
by Bethany Askew
Murder Houses of South London
by Jan Bondeson
Show Me the Prisoner
by Patricia Farren


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5 Famous Americans You Never Knew Were Atheists
By Drew Miller
You might think, given the recent publicity about the rise of atheism, that nonbelievers are new to the American story. (Spoiler: We're not.) And these five individuals are perfect proof. They come from different eras, regions, fields of study, political persuasions, and have each left their mark on America. What unites them, other than their fame, is their willingness to confront life with a critical eye instead of blind faith.
It is difficult to prove that a person was definitely an atheist for two reasons. Firstly, the nature of agnosticism and atheism are such that there are a multitude of skeptical philosophical positions short of absolute atheism. But to separate the "hard" atheists from the millions of other skeptics is to be completely disingenuous about the skeptic movement as a whole. Those who simply question the dogma of religion — without actually labelling themselves "atheists" — are equally important in cultivating an environment of free thought and critical thinking.
Secondy, the label "atheist" itself possesses a world of negative connotations, most of which find their roots in thousands of years of religious hostility. These two pressures make it difficult to "prove" that a person is or was an atheist, unless he or she declares so. These individuals may have considered themselves anything from atheist, to deist, to pantheist, to crypto-atheist, but at the very least, each of these famous Americans had significant doubts about faith, God, or organized religion.
This eclectic group of famous Americans might not agree on much if you were somehow able to get them in a room together, but on this they would agree: You alone get to decide what you believe.
1. Thomas Edison: "Religion is all bunk."
The Wizard of Menlo Park is surely one of the greatest inventors of all time, and has long been considered an American icon. But rarely mentioned alongside the incandescent bulb is Edison's philosophical skepticism. Decades before the Supreme Court decided Abington School District v. Schempp, Edison was well aware of the danger posed by indoctrination of young minds.
He said, "The great trouble is that the preachers get the children from six to seven years of age, and then it is almost impossible to do anything with them. Incurably religious; That is the best way to describe the mental condition of so many people. Incurably religious."
Edison, one of America's greatest scientists and foremost thinkers, keenly recognized the danger of teaching superstition as fact. "I do not believe that any type of religion should ever be introduced into the public schools of the United States." One hundred years later, we are still fighting Christians who insist their superstitions should be treated as fact, and added to textbooks under the guise of "religious freedom." Suffice it to say that Edison was aware of problems that would linger in the American consciousness long after his light went out.
If any doubt remains, Edison, who was a great admirer of 19th century skeptic Robert G. Ingersoll, could be very blunt when necessary.
"So far as religion of the day is concerned, it is a damned fake ... Religion is all bunk."
2. Pat Tillman: "You're worm dirt."
Pat Tillman will forever be remembered for his decision to abandon an NFL contract to serve in our nation's armed forces. Shaken by the 9/11 attacks, Tillman enlisted in the U.S. Army in 2002, later joining the elite unit known as the Army Rangers. In 2004, during one of multiple tours in Afghanistan, Tillman was killed in action. His death was originally attributed to enemy fire, but in subsequent months, investigations found that he was actually killed by friendly fire. The investigations into Tillman's death revealed what appeared to be a massive cover-up by military leaders intent on saving face.
The long struggle for the truth about Tillman's death is just one reason he stands out in our memory. His political views are another.
As a staunch opponent of the Iraq war (he regarded Bush's invasion as illegal), Tillman didn't seem like the kind of guy who would be eager to volunteer for the war against the Taliban. His commitment to his country trumped his political objections.
But the most sickening aspect of Tillman's story was the hostility toward his family because of his atheism. Lieutenant Colonel Ralph Kauzlarich, who led the second investigation of Tillman's death, told ESPN.com that the reason Tillman's family kept pressing for the truth was because they had no other way of coping with the loss, given their irreligion.
Watch Tillman's mother describe her interactions with the Pentagon here. The standout line: "When you die, I mean, there is supposedly a better life, right? Well, if you are an atheist and you don't believe in anything, if you die, what is there to go to? Nothing. You are worm dirt. So for their son to die for nothing, and now he is no more — that is pretty hard to get your head around that. So I don't know how an atheist thinks. I can only imagine that that would be pretty tough."
That's right: The military, on the defensive because of its effort to conceal the truth, implied that his grieving family was wrong to continue asking for the truth because they're atheists. Needless to say, this says a lot about the state of affairs for nonbelievers in our armed forces.
Sports Illustrated's essay on Tillman provides a vivid picture of the man, and shows him as a complicated, questioning individual who was quite aware of the hostility he'd face for not believing in a god. That hostility to military atheists continues today. Last month, Congress voted against allowing secular chaplains into the military, presumably because the government is expressly required to establish a religion. (End sarcasm.)
3. Langston Hughes: "You're getting in the way of things, Lord."
Langston Hughes is one of the Harlem Renaissance's greatest figures, and today he is remembered as a great poet, dramatist, and columnist. But Hughes was incredibly critical of the dissonance of a nation of Christians who behaves nothing like Christ. His 1932 poem "Goodbye Christ" emphasizes what he sees as religion's bastardization of Jesus' message, and the subsequent need to reject organized religion:
Listen, Christ,
The idea that man is fundamentally helpless without God has long been a part of religious doctrine. Hughes rejects this at face value, telling Christ to "[m]ake way for a new guy with no religion at all."
Hughes associated religious authority with other oppressive forces in contemporary America. As one of America's forgotten black atheists, he was easily an expert on prejudice. (And if being black, allegedly communist, and atheist didn't subject him to enough prejudice, there were always the rumors that he was gay.)
It is interesting to note that Hughes follows his rejection of Christ with admiration for the relatively young communist movement spurred by Lenin and Marx. Hughes was by no means the only African American who saw communism as a solution to America's inequities (Paul Robeson is another prime example), nor was he the only one whose opinion of Soviet Russia was much higher before the brutal, totalitarian truth revealed itself. While atheism has often been equated with communism, the two are distinct concepts. "Goodbye" may seem to simply replace the religion of the Church with that of the state, but a more nuanced reading suggests a change in mindset. Instead of believing that some higher power makes everything happen for a reason, Hughes declared that he was in charge of his own future, much as the communists declared themselves masters of their own means of production.
Another Hughes line reveals quite clearly his views on man's progress. "You're getting in the way of things, Lord."
4. Carl Sagan: "Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence."
Carl Sagan is one of the most well-known American astronomers and scientists of all time. He was an expert in cosmology, astrophysics, and astrobiology, and on top of that, he was a true skeptic. Sagan, who was dedicated to improving the public's understanding of science, was unyielding in his emphasis on the benefit of the scientific method: "I know that the consequences of scientific illiteracy are far more dangerous in our time than in any time that has come before. It's perilous and foolhardy for the average citizen to remain ignorant about global warming, say, or ozone depletion, air pollution, toxic and radioactive wastes, topsoil erosion, tropical deforestation, exponential population growth ... How can we affect national policy—or even make intelligent decisions in our own lives—if we don't grasp the underlying issues?" -The Demon-Haunted World, 1995
Sagan's greatest skill was his ability to translate scientific theory into the vernacular. His ability to relate concepts to the nonscientist extended beyond the field of science. His Baloney Detection Kit is perhaps one of the pithiest guides ever written on how to think critically. (You'd be surprised; not everyone in this country wants you to think for yourself.) In his thought and work, Carl Sagan was dedicated to the rejection of superstition and pseudoscience.
It is important to note that Sagan saw absolute certainty in atheism as logically indefensible, much as he saw rejected theism. To Sagan, "An atheist is someone who is certain that God does not exist, someone who has compelling evidence against the existence of God. I know of no such compelling evidence. Because God can be relegated to remote times and places and to ultimate causes, we would have to know a great deal more about the universe than we do now to be sure that no such God exists. To be certain of the existence of God and to be certain of the nonexistence of God seem to me to be the confident extremes in a subject so riddled with doubt and uncertainty as to inspire very little confidence indeed."
Sagan's rejection of the term "atheism" echoes the labeling problems discussed in the introduction. Because Sagan's definition of atheism implied absolute certainty, he declared himself agnostic. But in reality, his skepticism brings him to a position indistinguishable from Dawkins' famous definition: "I don't know for certain, but I think God is very improbable, and I live my life on the assumption that he is not there."
Sagan died in 1996, but his legacy lives. Recently, Arizona state representative Juan Mendez opened a Congressional session with a Sagan quote, replacing the typical call to bow heads. If we're going to continue to reject baloney in the 21st century, we'll need to keep Sagan's lessons close to heart.
5. Ayn Rand: "Faith, as such, is extremely detrimental to human life."
She may still be Paul Ryan's idol, but that doesn't mean Ayn Rand shared the former vice presidential candidtate's love for the Church. Rand, the objectivist author whose works are still drooled over by anarcho-libertarians, was bitterly opposed to human faith. In a 1964 interview with Playboy, Rand eviscerated what she saw as faith's fundamental weakness:
Playboy: "Has no religion, in your estimation, ever offered anything of constructive value to human life?"
Rand: "Qua religion, no — in the sense of blind belief, belief unsupported by, or contrary to, the facts of reality and the conclusions of reason. Faith, as such, is extremely detrimental to human life: it is the negation of reason. But you must remember that religion is an early form of philosophy, that the first attempts to explain the universe, to give a coherent frame of reference to man's life and a code of moral values, were made by religion, before men graduated or developed enough to have philosophy."
Given the American right's growing obsession with Rand's political creed, it would seem strange that the party of God would display admiration for the woman who declared abortion to be a "moral right." More likely than not, Rand's fans have cherry-picked the ideas they like, while rejecting the parts that don't sound good. (Something very similar often happens with those who read the bible.)
While it is arguable whether or not Rand's view of unfettered capitalism has taken hold in this country, Rand would be pleased to see America's growing rejection of faith. And though her political economics are likely unpalatable to a huge swath of nonbelievers, Rand's atheism proves that people from across the political spectrum can still agree on the fact that we, not God, own our fates.


Cox Architecture is currently taking applications to the role of Senior Designer (architecture).
As genuine and holistic thinkers, our future colleagues will have strong conceptual design skills proven through built outcomes. Rather than merely iterate or evolve, we want our work, across typologies, to make a genuine difference – in form, in operation and in a capacity to influence its users – you will share this belief and find motivation in its aspiration.
You will work closely with experienced Design Leaders with an emphasis on the inception and conception of significant projects. You will apply your considerable design skill, ambition and conscience across a range project types; ours is a practice with the very broadest of canvasses.
In addition to leading through skill you'll also pass the 'good person' test by showing empathy and strength. You'll establish effective relationships across the studio, national practice and with our clients, as well as positively contributing to the vibe within the studio.
If the above excites and scares you in equal measure then you owe it to yourself to come in a speak with the team, this is a rare opportunity for a community-minded gun designer.
You have a passion for architecture and design. It's what gets you up in the morning and what you dream about at night. You follow the mantra of career-long learning; your sponge doesn't get full, it just expands.
Cox Architecture is the most highly awarded design studio in Queensland.
The natural process of renewal has opened-up the studio to exciting changes and new opportunities in recent times. This is best reflected in two things; a young and dynamic cadre of young leaders coming through and in the renovation of our landmark offices on Edward Street.
Furthermore, we're a key element of a thriving National Cox practice and we're fortunate to have probably the broadest portfolio of work for any Australian practice – Stadiums to Towers, Public Infrastructure to Private Schools, and Innovation hubs to Dinosaur Museums. We also remain deeply connected with Academia, the Profession and the Arts.
Please submit your portfolio, a CV, and succinct cover letter to Paul Focic at paul.focic@cox.com.au.


text:
class LitemsController < ApplicationController
  before_action :set_llist
  before_action :set_litem, only: %i( show edit update destroy done )

  def new
    @litem = @llist.litems.new
  end

  def create
    @litem = @llist.litems.new(litem_params)

    if @litem.save
      flash[:notice] = 'added'
      render json: @llist, status: :created, location: @llist
    else
      render json: @llist.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity
    end
  end

  def done
    @litem.increment!(:count)
    # TODO: ajax
    redirect_to llist_path @llist
  end

  private

  def set_llist
    id = litem_params[:llist_id] rescue params[:llist_id]
    @llist = Llist.find(id)
  end

  def set_litem
    id = litem_params[:id] rescue params[:id]
    @litem = @llist.litems.find(id)
  end

  def litem_params
    params[:litem].try(:permit, [:name, :weight, :llist_id])
  end

end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
A philosopher is someone who practices philosophy, which involves rational inquiry into areas that are outside either theology or science. [1]
75 relations: A. C. Grayling, Academy, Aesthetics, Albert Camus, Alchemy, American Philosophical Association, Ancient Greek, Ancient Greek philosophy, Anthropology, Aristotle, Arthur Schopenhauer, Avicenna Prize, Baruch Spinoza, Bertrand Russell, Bioethics, Charles Taylor (philosopher), Classics, Economics, Emmelia of Caesarea, Epistemology, Ethics, Freelancer, Friedrich Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Gregory of Nyssa, Hellenistic philosophy, Henri Bergson, History, Human condition, Humanities, Immanuel Kant, Jürgen Habermas, Jean-Paul Sartre, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Kluge Prize, Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy, Leszek Kołakowski, Library of Congress, Linguistics, List of Roman emperors, Lists of philosophers, Logic, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Macrina the Younger, Marcus Aurelius, Meaning of life, Metaphysics, Middle Ages, ..., National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Nicolas Malebranche, Nobel Prize in Literature, Paul Ricœur, Philosopher's stone, Philosophy, Pierre Hadot, Plato, Political philosophy, Politics, Psychology, Pythagoras, Reason, René Descartes, Rolf Schock Prizes, Sage (philosophy), Søren Kierkegaard, Science, Social theory, Sociology, Symposium (Plato), Thales of Miletus, The arts, The Berggruen Prize, Theology.	Expand index (25 more) » « Shrink index
A. C. Grayling
Anthony Clifford Grayling (born 3 April 1949), usually known as A. C. Grayling, is a British philosopher and author.
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An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary education, higher learning, research, or honorary membership.
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Aesthetics (also spelled esthetics) is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of art, beauty, and taste, with the creation and appreciation of beauty.
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Albert Camus (7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960) was a French philosopher, author, and journalist.
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Alchemy is a philosophical and protoscientific tradition practiced throughout Europe, Africa, Brazil and Asia.
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The American Philosophical Association (APA) is the main professional organization for philosophers in the United States.
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The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.
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Ancient Greek philosophy
Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BC and continued throughout the Hellenistic period and the period in which Ancient Greece was part of the Roman Empire.
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Anthropology is the study of humans and human behaviour and societies in the past and present.
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Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs,; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, in the north of Classical Greece.
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Arthur Schopenhauer (22 February 1788 – 21 September 1860) was a German philosopher.
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Avicenna Prize
The Avicenna Prize for Ethics in Science is awarded every two years by UNESCO and rewards individuals and groups in the field of ethics in science.
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Baruch Spinoza (born Benedito de Espinosa,; 24 November 1632 – 21 February 1677, later Benedict de Spinoza) was a Dutch philosopher of Sephardi/Portuguese origin.
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Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, writer, social critic, political activist, and Nobel laureate.
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Bioethics is the study of the ethical issues emerging from advances in biology and medicine.
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Charles Taylor (philosopher)
Charles Margrave Taylor (born 1931) is a Canadian philosopher from Montreal, Quebec, and professor emeritus at McGill University best known for his contributions to political philosophy, the philosophy of social science, the history of philosophy, and intellectual history.
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Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity.
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Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
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Emmelia of Caesarea
Emmelia of Caesarea (Cappadocia, Central Anatolia, Turkey) (died May 30, 375) was born in the fourth century, a period in time when Christianity was becoming more widespread, posing a challenge to the Roman government and its Pagan rule.
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Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge.
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Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct.
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A freelancer or freelance worker is a term commonly used for a person who is self-employed and is not necessarily committed to a particular employer long-term.
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Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German philosopher, cultural critic, composer, poet, philologist and a Latin and Greek scholar whose work has exerted a profound influence on Western philosophy and modern intellectual history.
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Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (27 January 1775 – 20 August 1854), later (after 1812) von Schelling, was a German philosopher.
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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770 – November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher and the most important figure of German idealism.
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Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz (or; Leibnitz; – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath and philosopher who occupies a prominent place in the history of mathematics and the history of philosophy.
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Gregory of Nyssa
Gregory of Nyssa, also known as Gregory Nyssen (Γρηγόριος Νύσσης; c. 335 – c. 395), was bishop of Nyssa from 372 to 376 and from 378 until his death.
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Hellenistic philosophy
Hellenistic philosophy is the period of Western philosophy that was developed in the Hellenistic civilization following Aristotle and ending with the beginning of Neoplatonism.
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Henri-Louis Bergson (18 October 1859 – 4 January 1941) was a French-Jewish philosopher who was influential in the tradition of continental philosophy, especially during the first half of the 20th century until World War II.
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History (from Greek ἱστορία, historia, meaning "inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation") is the study of the past as it is described in written documents.
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The human condition is "the characteristics, key events, and situations which compose the essentials of human existence, such as birth, growth, emotionality, aspiration, conflict, and mortality".
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Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture.
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Immanuel Kant (22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher who is a central figure in modern philosophy.
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Jürgen Habermas (born 18 June 1929) is a German sociologist and philosopher in the tradition of critical theory and pragmatism.
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Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, political activist, biographer, and literary critic.
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Johann Gottlieb Fichte
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (May 19, 1762 – January 27, 1814), was a German philosopher who became a founding figure of the philosophical movement known as German idealism, which developed from the theoretical and ethical writings of Immanuel Kant.
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Kluge Prize
The John W. Kluge Prize for the Study of Humanity is awarded since 2003 for lifetime achievement in the humanities and social sciences to celebrate the importance of the Intellectual Arts for the public interest.
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Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy
The Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy is awarded once a year by the Inamori Foundation for lifetime achievements in the arts and philosophy.
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Leszek Kołakowski (23 October 1927 – 17 July 2009) was a Polish philosopher and historian of ideas.
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The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States.
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Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context.
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List of Roman emperors
The Roman Emperors were rulers of the Roman Empire, wielding power over its citizens and military.
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Lists of philosophers
The alphabetical list of philosophers is so large it had to be broken up into several pages.
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Logic (from the logikḗ), originally meaning "the word" or "what is spoken", but coming to mean "thought" or "reason", is a subject concerned with the most general laws of truth, and is now generally held to consist of the systematic study of the form of valid inference.
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Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language.
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Macrina the Younger
Saint Macrina the Younger (c. 330– 19 July 379) was a nun in the Early Christian Church and is a prominent saint in the Roman Catholic, Eastern Catholic, and Eastern Orthodox Church.
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Marcus Aurelius (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus; 26 April 121 – 17 March 180 AD) was Roman emperor from, ruling jointly with his adoptive brother, Lucius Verus, until Verus' death in 169, and jointly with his son, Commodus, from 177.
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The meaning of life, or the answer to the question "What is the meaning of life?", pertains to the significance of living or existence in general.
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Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of being, existence, and reality.
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In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.
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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (also known as "NASEM" or "the National Academies") is the collective scientific national academy of the United States.
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Nicolas Malebranche
Nicolas Malebranche, Oratory of Jesus (6 August 1638 – 13 October 1715), was a French Oratorian priest and rationalist philosopher.
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Nobel Prize in Literature
The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur) is a Swedish literature prize that has been awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction" (original Swedish: "den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning").
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Jean Paul Gustave Ricœur (27 February 1913 – 20 May 2005) was a French philosopher best known for combining phenomenological description with hermeneutics.
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Philosopher's stone
The philosopher's stone, or stone of the philosophers (lapis philosophorum) is a legendary alchemical substance capable of turning base metals such as mercury into gold (from the Greek χρυσός khrusos, "gold", and ποιεῖν poiēin, "to make") or silver.
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Philosophy (from Greek φιλοσοφία, philosophia, literally "love of wisdom") is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.
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Pierre Hadot (February 21, 1922 – April 24, 2010) was a French philosopher and historian of philosophy specializing in ancient philosophy, particularly Neoplatonism.
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Plato (Πλάτων Plátōn, in Classical Attic; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.
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Political philosophy, or political theory, is the study of topics such as politics, liberty, justice, property, rights, law, and the enforcement of laws by authority: what they are, why (or even if) they are needed, what, if anything, makes a government legitimate, what rights and freedoms it should protect and why, what form it should take and why, what the law is, and what duties citizens owe to a legitimate government, if any, and when it may be legitimately overthrown, if ever.
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Politics (from Politiká, meaning "affairs of the cities") is the process of making decisions that apply to members of a group.
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Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, including conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thought.
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Pythagoras of Samos was an Ionian Greek philosopher and the eponymous founder of the Pythagoreanism movement.
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Reason is the capacity for consciously making sense of things, establishing and verifying facts, applying logic, and changing or justifying practices, institutions, and beliefs based on new or existing information.
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René Descartes (Latinized: Renatus Cartesius; adjectival form: "Cartesian"; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist.
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Rolf Schock Prizes
The Rolf Schock Prizes were established and endowed by bequest of philosopher and artist Rolf Schock (1933–1986).
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Sage (philosophy)
A sage (σοφός, sophos), in classical philosophy, is someone who has attained the wisdom which a philosopher seeks.
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Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (5 May 1813 – 11 November 1855) was a Danish philosopher, theologian, poet, social critic and religious author who is widely considered to be the first existentialist philosopher.
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R. P. Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol.1, Chaps.1,2,&3.
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Social theories are analytical frameworks, or paradigms, that are used to study and interpret social phenomena.
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Sociology is the scientific study of society, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture.
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Symposium (Plato)
The Symposium (Συμπόσιον) is a philosophical text by Plato dated c. 385–370 BC.
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Thales of Miletus
Thales of Miletus (Θαλῆς (ὁ Μιλήσιος), Thalēs; 624 – c. 546 BC) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer from Miletus in Asia Minor (present-day Milet in Turkey).
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The arts refers to the theory and physical expression of creativity found in human societies and cultures.
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The Berggruen Prize
According to its website, the Berggruen Institute "offers the Berggruen Prize, a $1 million award that recognizes thinkers whose ideas have helped us find direction, wisdom, and improved self-understanding in a world being rapidly transformed by profound social, technological, political, cultural, and economic change.".
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Theology is the critical study of the nature of the divine.
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Philosophers, Philoſopher, Philoſophers.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosopher


text:
[Letter from Lysander Spooner to Bradburn]
Two-page letter dated November 19, 1845, from Lysander Spooner in Athol [Massachusetts] to [George] Bradburn. Includes manuscript copy of a letter from J. [James] Fulton, Jr. to Bradburn discussing "Anti-Texas efforts" in Washington, D. C. and the Texas Constitution.
[Letter from Wm. Goodell to Lysander Spooner]
One-page letter dated December 18, 1855, from William Goodell in New York, to Lysander Spooner in Boston [Massachusetts], giving his approval of Spooner's "form of a letter to be forwarded to Congress, with the form of petition."
[Letter from Geo. M. Searle to Lysander Spooner]
Undated letter from Geo. [George] Searle to Lysander Spooner dated 23 Feb. [...?] stating that he had "addressed a line to R. [Reverdy] Johnson."
[Letter from Charles D. Cleveland to Wendell Phillips, Francis Jackson, and Lysander Spooner]
Seven-page letter and envelope dated February 18, 1854, from Charles D. Cleveland to Lysander Spooner, Wendell Phillips, and Francis Jackson, explaining his interest in Captain Daniel Drayton, and expressing his dismay at the negative tone of their response to his letter that he hoped to have printed in the Commonwealth.
[Letter from K. Rayner to Lysander Spooner]
Three-page letter from K. [Kenneth] Rayner of Raleigh, North Carolina, to Lysander Spooner dated April 27, 1867, discussing Spooner's ideas on a "real-estate bank" in the southern states.
Two-page letter from Gerrit Smith in Peterboro [New York] to Lysander Spooner dated May 20, 1860, discussing a court case involving Royal Phelps and Judge [Charles A.] Peabody of New York.
Receipt for 5 gallons of rum purchased by Captain George Sweet [probably on the Brig Othello] from George Shore. Includes note, "Rec'd at same time [as] the above from Francis Mairez & David Cooper [of Jamaica]"
Loose fragments of account book in a single hand [possibly originating from Columbia County, New York], describing names of purchasers of various domestic goods.
Two-page bill of sale between William Stevenson and David Dickson regarding one slave man named Bob, in Harrison County, Kentucky.
Manuscript copy of letter dated January 25, 1807, from Joseph Wood in Islands Delos [Isle De Los, Sierra Leone] in to Mess. Gardner & Dean of Newport, Rhode Island regarding the voyage of the Ship Mary. Prepared by Phillips & Gardner of Charleston [South Carolina].
Ship manifest of "negroes, mulattoes, and persons of color taken on" the Steamer Powhatan of Washington from the port of Alexandria [Virginia]. Includes names of ship's Master J. Rogers, owner Thomas Javins, and collector Saul Stough. Lists 12 slaves.
Birth certificate of Roselle, born December 24, 1803, to a 'Mulatto Wench named Betty' belonging to New York City merchant John Gerhard Coster. In document, the word 'Negro' has been crossed out and replaced with 'Mulatto.'
Birth certificate of George, born June 19, 1803, to a 'Negro Woman Slave named Jane' belonging to widow Jessy Judah of New York City.
Birth certificate of Othello Lawbury, born May 2, 1802, to a 'female slave named Mary' belonging to New York City attorney at law Andrew Raymond.
Birth certificate of Jack, born January 23, 1806, to a 'Negro Woman named Silva' belonging to New York City gentleman Jacob Wilkins.
Three-page letter dated May 11-18, 1851, from Lysander Spooner in Boston [Massachusetts] to [George] Bradburn, discussing his plan for Bradburn to establish a paper in Boston and outlining his strategy to get subscriptions.
Letter from Francis Jackson, Ellis Gray Loring, Amos B. Merrill, and S. E. Sewall to Stephen S. Foster, requesting that he address the public at an assembly at Fenuiel Hall, Boston [Massachusetts] on October 30, 1842.
Birth certificate of Elizabeth, born April 8, 1803, to a 'Mulatto Woman Slave named Rachel' belonging to New York City merchant Andrew Foster.
Birth certificate of Betsey, born January 17, 1800 [1803?], to a 'slaveby the name of Catharine' belonging to widow Ann McAdams of New York City.
Birth certificate of Susan, born February 4, 1801, to a 'Negro Woman Slave named Jenny' belonging to New York City merchant John Swartwout.
A Plan for the Abolition of Slavery
Unsigned and undated printed broadside entitled "A Plan for the Abolition of Slavery."
[Manuscript copy of a letter from Wendell Phillips, Francis Jackson, and Lysander Spooner to Charles D. Cleveland]
Manuscript copy in Lysander Spooner's hand of a four-page letter dated February 11, 1854, from Lysander Spooner, Wendell Phillips, and Francis Jackson to Charles D. Cleveland, responding to a letter that Cleveland had sent to the Commonwealth to be published. In it, they suggest that Cleveland had written the letter to dissuade others from donating money to support the cause of Captain Daniel Drayton. At end, an additional note by Richard Hildreth agreeing with the sentiments of Spooner, et al.
[Letter from John M. Leitch to Lysander Spooner]
One-page letter dated August 17, 1866, from John M. Leitch in New York to Lysander Spooner of Boston [Massachusetts], asking if he would "favor me with a copy of your pamphlet."
[Manuscript copy of a letter from Gerrit Smith to Hon. D. Wilmot]
Manuscript copy of a four-page letter from Gerrit Smith of Peterboro [New York] to Hon. D. [David] Wilmot, in which he responds to a letter from Wilmot discussing slavery and the United States Constitution, and sends him a copy of Lysander Spooner's "the Unconstitutionality of Slavery."
Two-page account of "negro sales" taken from the Brig Marian, Captained by George Lawton from Africa. Includes names of purchasers, number of slaves purchased, and total cost. Many slaves listed as "dead."
Birth certificate of [?], born November 26, 1800, to a 'Negro Woman Slave named Mercy' belonging to Thomas Barclay of New York City. Damage to document on left side with text missing, including name of child.
Birth certificate of Rachel, born March 1, 1806, to a 'negro woman slave named Dinah O'Brian' belonging to New York City law student Henry Dodge.
Birth certificate of Hannah, born October 21, 1806, to a 'negro woman slave named Nance' belonging to New York County merchant John Lawrence.
Birth certificate of Jack, aged three years and five months, and Kitty, aged nine months, transferred in ownership from Isaac Butler of Westfield, New York, to Sampson Simson.
[Letter from A. P. Aldrich to Lysander Spooner]
Undated one-page letter labeled "Private" from A. P. Aldrich to Lysander Spooner [of Boston, Massachusetts], asking for his legal opinions on case Ogden vs. Saunders and offering his observations on the "[] and the disposition of the Southern people."
[Manuscript draft of a letter from Lysander Spooner to Gerrit Smith]
Manuscript draft of a four-page letter from Lysander Spooner in Athol [Massachusetts] to Gerrit Smith in Peterboro, New York, dated July 24, 1848, in which Spooner discusses his inability to raise funds for himself and explains reasons why the public should provide him assistance.
Birth certificate of Susan, born December 1, 1809, to Clause and Sarah, slaves belonging to Maria Duffie, widow of New York merchant John Duffie. Signed in the presence of Gabriel Furman.
Birth certificate of Clara, born Novemer 8, 1801, to a 'female slave Rachel,' and of Mary, born May 6, 1802, to a 'female slave Sylvia,' both belonging to New York City merchant Jonathan Lawrence.
Birth certificate of Isabella, born December 16, 1803, to a 'Negro woman Slave named Hager [Hagar]' belonging to New York City tallow chandler John Slidell.
Resolution produced by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts that the United States Congress must abolish slavery in the District of Columbia. Includes note that the "resolves were passed by the House in the 21st, & by the Senate of the 23 March" and that the resolutions are the same that are referred to in the letters of E. Jackson and R. C. Winthrop.
[Manuscript copy of a letter from Charles D. Cleveland to Wendell Phillips, Francis Jackson, and Lysander Spooner]
Manuscript copy in Lysander Spooner's hand of a seven-page letter dated February 18, 1854, from Charles D. Cleveland to Lysander Spooner, Wendell Phillips, and Francis Jackson, explaining his interest in Captain Daniel Drayton, and expressing his dismay at the negative tone of their response to his letter that he hoped to have printed in the Commonwealth.
Two-page memorandum regarding the sale of a "negro wench and child sold at publick vendue [sic], to Mrs. Elsworth for eight pound." Includes list of 3 "articles" outlining the terms of sale set forth by executor William Elsworth. Signed by witnesses Jeremiah Elsworth and William Wallace [?].
Four-page inventory of Homer Virgil Milton [probably of Jefferson County, Georgia]. Includes names and estimated value of aprroximately 32 slaves, among other household goods. Signed on last page by appraisers Samuel Clements, Robert Lowry, Tom Rim [?], and "Mark T." Made official and signed by Sherrod Arrington.
[Manuscript copy of a letter from Thomas Earle to G. Braburn, Esq.]
Manuscript copy in Lysander Spooner's hand of a four-page letter dated April 12, 1845, from Thomas Earle in Philadelphia [Pennsylvania] to G. [George] Bradburn, in which he gives lengthy critique of Lysander Spooner's book [probably The Unconstitutionality of Slavery] and the abolitionist movement in general.
Two-page petition by George Wooley against A. O. Roberts requesting a recision of a previous contract regarding the purchase from A. O. Roberts by George Wooley of the slave girl named Ann, on the ground that the negro slave is unsound and diseased, in Fayette County, Kentucky [previous contract attached].
Sedgwick, C. B. (Charles Baldwin), 1815-1883 (32) + -


Facts about Canada's doors opening to refugees from strife-torn countries like Syria invite a spectrum of reactions.
The "yessers" know that Canada's membership in the United Nations and its political and fiscal capabilities to accommodate refugees facilitated its hosting of more than 40,000 Syrians as of 2017. Too, the country's size of 9.9 square kilometers can be a haven for war survivors and displaced people; its vastness from coast to coast becomes an avenue for healing. Canada commences the peace act as it encourages private individuals and communities to sponsor a refugee.
Canada's open door, however, comes into question especially with the rising number of homeless seniors, non-seniors, and the displaced; non-affordability of university education among new immigrants; continuing underemployment or unemployment of highly-skilled immigrants; and the volatility of the global economy.
The country's resources like oil and gas have, of late, been the subject of debate on international trade relations. It is ironic that Canada's door remains open to the UN principle of solving cultural, economic, humanitarian, and social problems when it cannot thresh issues at the homefront. How does Canada's conformity to the UN goal play out in its internal affairs?
Among our "naysayers" count Albertans based in Edmonton.
One says that for the Trudeau government to grant $2000 a month to every refugee family for as long as two years denies citizens the fruits of their taxes. "I cannot imagine that I am funding this refugee program when Canada cannot even create jobs for its citizens," this longtime citizen says.
Another says that among those claiming refugee status, there are educated ones who game the system, apply for monthly claims rather than apply for jobs, and desire free housing when many Canadians of Asian origin have been working two to three jobs to pay for their home mortgages or rent. If one sees housing-refugee applicants with good physique, visibly able to work, and their own vehicles to drive, one cannot help but be upset and feel unjustly treated.
What another Albertan cannot take is the status of refugees as permanent residents in a relatively short period of waiting. This is contrary to the case of a number of Filipino-Canadians who spend so many years of working as caregivers and getting paid a pittance before they are allowed to apply for PR status. Their application does not guarantee that they will get approved.
Canada's open door to refugees brings to the fore a mixed case of humanitarian and peacekeeping mission, and unjust immigration and citizenship policies. It is high time for a policy recast.


When you think of contraband that might be stolen by professional thieves, you think of things you see in movies: drugs, guns, high-end cars, diamonds, etc. What you may not think of, though, is sweet treats such as Nutella. A couple of thieves in Toronto beg to differ, though.
"Canadian crime ring" sounds a little like a bad joke, but police in Toronto recently busted a high-profile criminal group and seized around $5 million in stolen goods. Alongside the 60 luxury automobiles, drugs, guns and cash was an estimated $16,000 worth of the popular hazelnut spread Nutella.
Nutella may seem like a strange thing to steal when listed next to cocaine, marijuana, heroin and guns, but it's actually pretty valuable. Hazelnut harvest this year was much worse than in recent years, leading to a more than 35% increase in the price of Nutella. In fact, back in 2013, thieves in Germany saw the value in this tasty spread and made off with 5.5 tons of it.
So, the next time you purchase some of this delicious treat and wonder why it's so expensive, just thank all the people out there stealing it alongside their drugs and guns.


text:
one-night-rodeo-lyons
One-Night Rodeo (MM)
by Missy Lyons
The Cowboys of Cattleman Valley 1
Heat Rating: Sextreme
Contemporary Paranormal Shape-shifter Western/Cowboys Alternative (M/M, Gay)
[Siren Classic ManLove: Erotic Alternative Paranormal Cowboy Romance, M/M, shape-shifters, HEA]
Ryder Hurley is a professional bull rider, and while he doesn't understand the intense physical attraction he feels for the tattoo-covered rodeo bull handler and breeder, Corey, Ryder is ready for an all night rodeo. He just has to convince the sexy dynamo one night will be enough to ignite the passion between them.
Corey Blue is a bad boy to the core and people usually take one look at the tattoos that cover his body and keep their distance. He doesn't usually mind because if humans got too close they may discover his hot-blooded bull shifter blood and use his secrets to profit in the bull riding circuit.
Having the sexy cowboy in his bed is a risk he has to take even if his secret has a chance of being discovered by a human, but when his fellow shifters find out, they aren't as willing to let the indiscretion slide.
Cover Art by Harris Channing
More From The Cowboys of Cattleman Valley
Missy Lyons
"The human and I…it was a moment of weakness, Felix. There was nothing less or more to it than a night of fucking." Felix paused in his words, fingering the handle of his white coffee mug. He wondered if it were wise to bring up anything more with his elder. He licked his lips and began speaking cautiously. "What did you mean when you were talking earlier? You said something about me doing something stupid and bonding with the human. I didn't think it was possible to mate with a human."
"It's possible, just kind of stupid if you ask me. Why you would want to mate with a human when all that happens is making a half-breed mutt?"
"Has it ever been done?" Corey asked curiously.
"A shifter mating with a human? Of course, but it's just been years since I've seen it and no mated pairs would ever be allowed back on the ranch."
Of course, it would endanger the rest of herd. So mating with a human would mean exile. It could just as well mean death, since not being allowed to roam the open plains in his bull form would kill him. He would have to struggle with that desire to go to his bull form for the rest of his life because he would no longer have the freedom to do as he pleased on the ranch.
"How do you know this?"
"Over my life, I've known of three other shifters who chose to mate with a human and not come back. Most of the men faced with this decision chose to abandon their mates, and sometimes their children."
"Who was exiled, Felix?
"They were older than you. Their names don't really matter." Felix shrugged.
"Of course it matters. Who were they?" Corey insisted. He suddenly felt the need to right this wrong. If they were true mates, there should be nothing holding them apart. Especially not his own kind. Happiness and fulfillment could only come from finding and keeping their mate. Who gave a damn if that man was human?
"The three men were Gabriel, Julian, and Morgan."
"When we get back to the ranch, I think we should make an effort to reach out to those brothers who were lost to us and welcome them back."
"If they'll come back at all. They may have started new lives off the ranch. Better lives," Felix said. "Besides, I'm not sure the rest of the men will be so happy to welcome them back, or their human mates."
"Look, I don't care if someone in our herd has a hair up his butt and a thing against humans, but this…it's not right. How can we do this to our brothers? We can't really control who our mate is. You only get one chance at it, and who are we to say a man can't find happiness because a human is involved?
Felix eyes narrowed. "I think you're making a mistake to open up old wounds in the compound."
"I think old wounds can't heal properly when they are festering. It might be best to open them up or cut off the offending body part."
"Right now we have a peaceful valley. Our citizens are law-abiding and nobody starts any trouble, and do you know why that is, Corey? They have a healthy dose of fear and they want to belong to the herd. So they follow the rules. If you go out into the world and bring back those fools, you're going to start something you may not have the guts to finish."
Corey let the silence between them grow heavy with foreboding. This was a battle of wills. Felix didn't want the responsibility of leading the herd, but he didn't want to invite change into his orderly world. Corey was careful not to give any false promises when he replied, "Drink your coffee before it goes cold. I'll think about what you said tonight, but I can't promise it's going to change how I feel. There is a right and a wrong in this world, and I am going to choose the right thing because I have to live with myself after we're all done."
Corey weighed his options. He trusted Felix, but the old man was stuck in the old ways of doing things. He was beginning to realize the old ways might not be better to embrace the future with. If his herd wanted to survive, they would have to change with the times. He would have to protect the rights of everyone and not just a select few.
The right to find a mate and be happy was a simple but god-given one, and that one right no one had the ability to take away.
And he didn't want to jump to conclusions, but there was a possibility he might have found his mate tonight with a human. That absurdly close connection they'd found in their lovemaking was impossible otherwise. Too many of the signs were obvious, but Corey had pretended to not notice. He could go out to the world and proclaim his lover belonged to him forever and his love and immediate devotion, and Ryder could die tonight from an unfortunate accident and a broken neck after a bumpy ride on one of his shifter brothers.
He knew the odds were stacked against them and he felt he had little choice at the moment.
Corey had to keep his silence to protect Ryder.
Corey hissed in his breath as the erotic waves swept his body. He clenched his teeth and braced his fingers on Ryder's shoulders. His dick swelled and heat centered in his groin. He wanted this more than he wanted anything and now that it was happening, he had a hard time not taking his pleasure immediately.
"You like that?" Ryder smiled, between his slurping, sucking sounds.
The tip of his bulbous cock slipped into Ryder's mouth and he sucked it between the roof of his mouth and his tongue. Corey was trying desperately not to shove his dick down the man's throat and fuck his face.
"Yeah, I do like it," Corey gritted out while he tried desperately to search for control. He dug his fingernails into Ryder's skin, just deep enough to let him know he wanted more sucking and less talking.
"That means I'm doing it right," Corey said before taking Corey into his mouth again. Just the tip, and not much more felt the slick, wet tongue wrap around it. He felt the pressure in his stomach increase and his balls tightened in anticipation.
Corey hissed in his breath through clenched teeth.
Ryder stopped and looked up. Fear lurked in his eyes. "Did I hurt you?"
"Not even close. It's just really sensitive at the tip. Can you take more?" Corey grasped Ryder's thick short hair between his knuckles and pulled Ryder closer.
Ryder nodded mutely and Corey thrust his hips forward until the tip of his cock pressed against the back of Ryder's throat. He took it like a man and eagerly slurped, feeding on Corey's thick cock as if it were his last supper.
Corey moaned. He could barely control himself. He felt like a young man fucking for the first time, eager and ready for anything.
He thrust into Ryder's face and fucked his tight, wet mouth. It turned him on to hear Ryder's excitement in that throaty purr and feel his unbridled enthusiasm in his actions.
A shudder rippled through his body when he felt his balls tighten and his cock jump. He didn't want to come. Not yet. Not this soon.
The sensations rippling across his body were too good, and he wanted the delicious sensations to last, but Ryder's experienced mouth and talented hands were destroying his resolve to wait.
"Fuck. I feel myself coming. You have to stop so I can finish this inside of you."
"Oh yeah! No, don't hold back. Give it to me." Ryder moaned and then swallowed his cock whole again. Imagining him drinking his juices turned him on even more.
"Watching you suck me off like this is so fucking hot. You have no idea how much you turn me on, Ryder."
"Do it, cowboy. Come for me." Ryder's movements were in earnest as he sucked and stroked Corey's cock.
It was all the encouragement Corey needed to unload his hot seed. He came inside of Ryder's mouth, while holding him close. Ryder held to Corey's hips before grabbing him by the ass.
"Fuck yeah!" Corey screamed as he fisted Ryder's hair in his hands. His breath came in heavy pants as his cum bolted through his dick into Ryder's mouth. He was shaking, trembling from the sexual experience but his dick was still hard and he was feeling the aftermath of it. Ryder had his lips locked around his cock, but it worried him that Ryder had stopped sucking and was gagging.
Alarmed he could be hurting his new lover, he withdrew from his mouth.
What the fuck had he done? Ryder was human and not someone he could be rough and tumble with. Corey suddenly felt like an ass who had used him for his selfish needs. Ryder was human and weak. He had to be gentle with him.
Corey withdrew his cock from his lover's mouth and asked, "Are you okay?"
Ryder grunted but quickly recovered his composure. He nuzzled against Corey's stomach and kissed and stroked Ryder's cock with his hands and tongue. "Oh yeah, I've never been better. I've never tasted anyone quite like you before."
"When you talk like that, it's making me hard again. Let's take this to the bedroom where we can be more comfortable or we're going to spend all night here in the hallway." Corey pulled Ryder up to his feet and kissed him deeply before walking backwards toward the room with the queen-size bed in it.
Ryder chuckled softly and his eyes lit up with pleasure. "Seriously. The moment your cum hit my tongue it was like a million little lights went on inside of my brain and I don't know how to describe the taste but it was better than chocolate."
"I taste better than chocolate?" That startled Corey for a moment. He knew the unique taste of his mate was supposed to drive him wild for more. That was part of how he knew how to recognize his mate. Their first sexual encounter was supposed to be disturbingly addicting. He would want no other man in his bed, but Ryder was human. He wasn't his mate. He might be more interested in his unusual taste because he was the first shifter he had ever tasted. It's not like many of his kind allowed themselves to take this kind of risk. Maybe the unusually good reaction was because they were two different species, but if they were mates, it would be the first pairing of its kind on the ranch. In the past, mates were always the same breed, and always shapeshifters. "It's my turn now. I bet you taste like moonshine. Intoxicating and refreshing. You are hot and sexy and you probably taste good enough to want me to drink you until I can't drink anymore." Corey could imagine himself getting drunk off Ryder's cum. The intense attraction he felt for the other man wasn't dissipating with their first encounter.
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This is an article from a section FAQ about Moscow musicals and concert halls. Read in detail about Moscow musical theatres in the Moscow musical section and about Moscow concert halls at the Concert halls section.
Moscow has always been famous as a great place for classical music lovers and the world's top performers love to give concerts here. To listen to classical music, some buy costly up-to-date equipment and others prefer vinyl records, but this does not quite convey an authentic concert atmosphere. Real classical music lovers prefer live symphonic performance and the inimitable acoustics of a concert hall.
The first place goes to the Moscow State Academic Philharmonic, with a seating capacity of over 1,500 and beautifully preserved historical interiors. The Philharmonic's repertoire includes not only classical symphonies and folk music, but also jazz and other contemporary music genres.
The Moscow Conservatory is another major meeting place for classical music lovers. The big concert hall of the Moscow Conservatory boasts outstanding acoustics, which is greatly appreciated throughout the world, and both top modern musicians and the Conservatory students give concerts here. Interestingly, entrance to some performances is free of charge.
The Moscow House of Music is among the top music performance venues across the world. The state-of-the-art technical equipment enables the House of Music to host the most sophisticated synthetic shows.
Can I take my kids to folk song and dance performances ?


It is now clearer than ever that digital channels are playing an increasingly important role in influencing the home-buyer decision. At iCreate we believe that they should be used in tandem with traditional property marketing and advertising tactics, such as good quality printed brochures and site signage.
The way your customers find and research new homes has changed. Search engines, social networks, online forums, mobile apps, Google maps – these are the new tools of house hunting. Not only is the range of channels used to conduct research becoming more complex, buyers switch between them constantly, using multiple devices simultaneously to piece together their knowledge of potential areas, agents, developers, prices and financing options. Apps like Google Streetview even let them "stroll" around the area they are looking at. Today's home buyers are the best informed ever!
The implications are clear, developers and agents must adapt their marketing strategies to match where the customer is, at each stage of the buyer journey. By understanding how homebuyers make their decisions, and leveraging new technologies – from 3D flythroughs, to Virtual Reality, to social media – you can ensure you're still providing everything your buyers need to buy off plan.
In our time as property marketers, we've seen technology advance massively. But we've also come to understand the things that don't change – what people need to know, and how they need to feel, when buying a new home. It's not rocket science, it's a simple step-by-step process that you can follow to maximise your results. We've developed the ICREATE Framework as a simple way to make sure all our property marketing materials speak to the needs and aspirations of the ideal buyer.
iCreate can help you develop your property marketing strategy, ensuring you maximise the opportunities that new technology presents by developing a solution tailor-made for your development. Contact usto find out how we can help.


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Q: NativeScript RadListView Staggered with Web Image Cache I am trying to use RadListView with a staggered layout to load images using Web Image Cache. My problem is that percentage heights (100%) doesn't work on Android. Works just fine on iOS but on Android it will only show if I set a fixed value for the height, which I don't want.
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The following guide is authored by the LabStats team in the Marriott Library.
LabStats solution to gather data about computer lab usage.
Be sure to contact the Marriott Library (see below) to set up a consultation or training session.
There has been a strong push on campus to collect stats in order to drive more informed decision-making. Labstats is a program that will track logins and usage statistics.
The first thing you need to do is install the LabStats software. This software runs silently in the background so users should not notice it.
The installers are stored in the admin tab of LabStats.
Use the appropriate installer for your OS (Windows or Mac). Sorry, there's no Linux support. However, you can install the software on an image then deploy that image to each computer.
Create Groups to Reflect Physical Spaces.
You can create groups of stations or groups of other groups. Under the Stations tab, click "Groups." All the top-level groups should be departments or buildings. In the root of the tree, create a group of groups.
Navigate to the building you just created, then create another group for each lab or classroom.
Under the Stations Tab, click Station Manager. Use the search field to limit your results. It will search all the meta-data fields. Show all entries in the top right. Then check all filtered in the bottom left (double check that you only selected the right machines).
After you've selected relevant machines, click "Action on Selected" and click "Move to Group" and select the group that reflects that location.
Labstats automatically tracks some popular software. You can add additional software by turning on Discovery Mode on a system, then starting up the application. It is best to pull up the station with Discovery Mode turned on in the Station Manager tool, it will have an extra tool to show what software has been discovered.
Labstats primarily tracks computers by MAC address. During replacement cycles, you'll need to make sure physical changes in the labs are reflected in Labstats. There are two components that need to happen. First, you'll need to assign the machine to the right group. Second, you'll need to merge the current computer (MAC address #2) with the previous computer (MAC address #1), since they are two computers but one station.
Since we had to white list all the software that is tracked, it may be a good idea to make sure you are still tracking that application when new versions of the software are installed.
All of the settings are global per instance.
Labstats controls backups of all data. They back up the entire instance.
Merging or deleting stations are permanent actions that can't be undone.
Re-deploying computers can cause issues in Labstats if not processed right (if you do this, email labstats-users@lists.utah.edu for the correct procedure).
Individual departments are responsible for maintaining their Labstats information and by extension, Labstats' accuracy.
for the Computer Lab Statistics Initiative?


text:
The 2021 Rugby League World Cup knockout stage may refer to:
 2021 Men's Rugby League World Cup knockout stage
 2021 Women's Rugby League World Cup knockout stage
 2021 Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup knockout stage
 2021 Physical Disability Rugby League World Cup knockout stage

See also
 2021 Rugby League World Cup (disambiguation)

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