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Nothing about Radio 4's Across the Red Line suggested it would be as riveting as it was
Kate Chisholm
Frankenstein, played by Peter Cushing leans over his creation (image: Getty)
On paper and on air, there's nothing to suggest that the Radio 4 series Across the Red Line will have sufficient listening power to draw you in so that once you've reached home and need to get out of the car you'll rush straight in to switch on the radio. The billing in Radio Times describes it simply as a 45-minute show in which the journalist Anne McElvoy 'invites figures on opposing sides of a political issue to listen to each other'. And that's exactly what it is. A pair of talking heads tossing about a topical football, guided by McElvoy, who has as her sidekick a conflict resolution expert, Gabrielle Rifkind, brought in to moderate the session if things get lively.
It's so spare a format — no music, no soundtrack — the accountants must be pleased (the only overhead being the provision of a studio with big mikes, and in this case, a quartet of armchairs). Yet it makes for riveting listening. In the first programme (still available on iPlayer) Hugh Muir, associate editor at the Guardian, was brought together with Charles Moore, of this magazine, to discuss their views on immigration, or more precisely whether it's OK to be wary of people from other backgrounds. Given their opposing circumstances and allegiances (Muir, the child of immigrant Jamaicans, was educated in east London; Moore is straight out of Eton and Oxbridge), there was not much hope of resolution, you might think. But under McElvoy's shrewd guidance (and the scrupulous editing of producer Sarah Shebbeare) this was not so much a series of hammer blows by a pair of contestants determined that their voice should be heard loudest and longest as an inquiry into why people think as they do, what makes them wary of each other, is that wariness justified.
As Rifkind said at one point, 'I don't think you need a conflict mediator.' Each was listening to the other. And for once on a discussion programme this didn't matter. Argument, conflict, tension was not what McElvoy was after. On the contrary, she was hoping to find answers, or at least a degree of understanding. Which is why halfway through the programme she moved her guests from the formality of a table strewn with microphones to those comfy chairs to change the angles of debate. Rifkind suggested that Moore and Muir should question where their arguments came from, what underpinned their thoughts and beliefs. As Muir said about Moore, no one is ever wary of him, makes assumptions about him, 'No one looks at you like that.'
But really this whole exercise was not about talking so much as listening. 'Listening is very difficult,' Rifkind reminded Muir and Moore. 'We assume we are quite good at it, but listening is a muscle that needs training, and we don't do it that naturally.'
New Year's Day was the 200th anniversary of the birth of Frankenstein, or rather of his monster, created by Mary Shelley and now the epitome of all things we fear about progress and what science can unleash on an unsuspecting world. How Shelley came up with such an extraordinarily complex and far-seeing novel is still the stuff of magic and inspiration. Much is talked about that stormy night in June 1816 when the Shelleys visited their neighbour Byron at the Villa Diodati on the shores of Lake Geneva and were challenged by him to come up with a ghost story. Yet nothing quite explains the imaginative brilliance of the teenaged Shelley, or the way she expands her original short story into a three-volume novel of great pathos as well as nightmarish horror.
Frankenstein Lives! on Radio 4 (produced by Jane Long) took us back through the archives to trace the transformation of Shelley's vision into the monster we know today via stage plays, horror films, graphic novels, Boris Karloff, Herman Munster and co. 'I am the new Frankenstein,' announced Dr Christiaan Barnard after he completed the first 'successful' heart transplant operation in 1967, tapping into the unexpected afterlife of what was at first not a bestselling novel. Only when it was transformed into a stage play five years after it first appeared did Mary's monster enter the popular imagination. Its power lies in its 'air of reality', said Professor Sharon Ruston; this really could happen.
Our fears are not always fanciful, as the World Service made clear in Pandemic (produced by Ashley Byrne), which took us back to the flu outbreak of 1918–19. The virologist Professor John Oxford has been studying the epidemic for 30 years in the hope of finding out how it started and why it was so particularly devastating. It's calculated now that more than 50 million people died from the illness and that it reached every corner of the globe. Most weirdly, it was often young, fit people in their twenties and thirties who were most at risk; not as you might expect the elderly. It took just ten days for the outbreak to engulf South Africa. There was not enough wood for the coffins; many were buried in mass graves. 'If you heard someone sneeze, it would be spine-chilling.'
There was no better way to persuade us all to have the flu jab.
You might disagree with half of it, but you'll enjoy reading all of it. Try your first 10 weeks for just $10
TaggedBBC Radio 4, Charles Moore, Frankenstein, Radio
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The Community of Voices/Comunidad de Voces is a research study that is examining whether singing in a community choir is a cost-effective way to promote health and well-being among culturally diverse older adults. Enrollment is now closed and data analyses are underway. The principal investigator is Julene K Johnson, PhD, a Professor at the UCSF Institute for Health & Aging and UCSF Center for Aging in Diverse Communities. For this cluster-randomized clinical trial study, new choirs for older adults were started in 12 senior centers throughout San Francisco. Participants in the study sang in a choir for one year and completed several health assessments. The Community of Voices/Comunidad de Voces study is a three-way partnership between the University of California San Francisco (UCSF), the San Francisco Community Music Center, and 12 San Francisco Department of Aging and Adult Services (DAAS) senior centers. The study is funded by a grant to UCSF from the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health (award number R01AG042526).
Nuevo Amanecer II is a community-engaged RCT that is testing the effectiveness of an evidence-based stress management program for Spanish-speaking Latina breast cancer survivors living in three rural California communities: Imperial Valley, Visalia, and Watsonville/Salinas. We are enrolling eligible women through approximately March 2018, for this free, 10-week program that is delivered by trained breast cancer survivors in participants' homes. If you are interested, please contact Jasmine (Spanish-English bilingual) at (855) 755-8273 or at [email protected] . Participants receive up to $100 for completing 3 surveys. This project is supported by funds from the California Breast Cancer Research Grants Program Office of the University of California, Grant Number 21OB-0135 (PI: Anna Nápoles).
Live Well, Be Well was a translational research study to evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based lifestyle diabetes risk reduction program designed for lower socioeconomic status, minority, and Spanish-speaking adults at risk of diabetes. The project was a partnership between the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) and the City of Berkeley Division of Public Health (BDPH). The Live Well, Be Well program was evaluated through a 1-year randomized controlled trial by UCSF. The individually-tailored lifestyle program, Live Well, Be Well, is available in English and Spanish and provided education and skills training to improve diet and increase physical activity. The curriculum and health education materials used in the Live Well, Be Well program are available online and include technical assistance to people interested in adapting the program for use in other communities.
This project was funded by a translational research grant (R18 DK067896) from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases made to Anita Stewart, PhD, PI.
Training Latino Caregivers to Promote Aging in Place was a capacity-building demonstration project that provided caregiver training to promote healthy aging in the Latino community by working with community-based organizations on program design and implementation. Based on survey data gathered from about 100 community-based organizations serving older diverse adults in Southern and Northern California and input from organizations, the investigators developed 4 caregiver training modules in English and Spanish: Effective Communication and Caregiving; Managing Stress for Caregivers; Legal Planning for Caregivers; and Financial Planning for Caregivers. The team is seeking additional funding to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. This project was funded by Archstone Foundation Grant No. 14-04-62 (Celia Kaplan, PI).
CHAMPS (Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors) is a series of interventions to increase physical activity levels of seniors based on substantial evidence that increasing physical activity improves their health and well-being. The programs encourage participants to increase physical activity based on their readiness, preferences, health, and abilities.
CHAMPS was developed and evaluated in a mainstream population of older adults. After a demonstration project (CHAMPS I), CHAMPS II was evaluated using a randomized controlled trial in a Medicare HMO setting. It successfully increased physical activity, becoming the first evidence-based intervention of this type. A detailed program manual for CHAMPS II and permission to use these materials is available on the CHAMPS website.
CHAMPS III is the first application of the evidence-based program in real-world settings. Translational research methods were used to adapt it to reach low-income primarily African American and Latino communities. The translational process involved working with staff and community members at three community-based settings to adapt CHAMPS to accommodate sites' limited resources, and to be culturally appropriate and sustainable.
Always Active (Siempre Activo) is the CHAMPS III program offered at On Lok's 30th Street Senior Center. That program was delivered in English and Spanish and was sustained through their efforts and ultimately expanded to nine senior centers in San Francisco. This is an example of further translation and dissemination into local community settings.


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Confab Hiccups! The majority question and the North's fear
NEWSBy dump2 30th March 2014 Leave a comment
Futile or fruitful? That's the big question one week after the National Conference began in Abuja. In the real sense, the confab is supposed to be two weeks old having been inaugurated on March 17. But it deferred the commencement of technical session by one week. The adumbration started on March 24.. Seated in the…
President Jonathan Explodes!. Blame northern govs, not me for Boko Haram!
PRESIDENT Goodluck Jonathan yesterday took a swipe at governors for accusing the Federal Government of bad leadership, asking them to stop pushing blames when they have failed on their part to provide primary and secondary education for their citizens. Speaking in Bauchi during the North-east Zonal Rally of the Peoples Democratic Party, PDP, Jonathan also…
Journalists demand release of Sun editor detained on the orders of Abia Governor T. A. Orji
Nigerian journalists today expressed outrage over yesterday's abduction and continued detention
Hausa–Fulani can't survive without Biafra oil: Secession is not a northern agenda— confab delegates.
NEWSBy editor2 29th March 2014 Leave a comment
Wednesday's threat by the Lamido of Adamawa, Alhaji Muhammadu Mustapha to lead his people in seceding from Nigeria if the situation warrants it is not a Northern agenda,several Northern delegates have said.Alhaji Mustapha caused a storm when he said at a session of the National Conference that he was prepared to lead his people to …
Chinedu Orji politicizes his murder of John Ndukuba.
Information reaching 247ureports.com from Umuahia reveals that the noise generated over the accidental death of the cousin to Engineer Chinedu Orji [Governor Orji's son] recently may have been result of blackmail 'reports' authored by some of Orji Uzor Kalu's aides and published on Igbere TV – an outfit financed by Orji Uzor Kalu – the…
Britons arrested for (Biafra) oil theft in Nigeria
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Catholic priest, Bishop Mathew Hassan Kukah, has called for a change in leadership process in Nigeria
The former Secretary of the Oputa Panel on Reconciliation as well as the Constitutional Conference submitted that the country faces severe leadership challenge because of flawed recruitment. Speaking on "After the insurgency: Some thoughts on Reconciliation in Nigeria" as the lecturer for the 43rd convocation of University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Kukah decried the current situation.
Tension as confab debates Jonathan's address Monday
Tragedy has hit the National Conference, following the untimely death of one of the members from Bauchi State on Thursday. Hamma Misau, a retired Assistant Inspector of Police, represented the Association of Retired Police Officers of Nigeria, ARPON and hailed from Misau in Bauchi State.Conference Chairman and former Chief Justice of Nigeria, Justice Idris Legbo…
Tiv and Fulani crisis over 32 displaced persons die in camps
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


CARBON AIR FILTER GROW ROOM - FILTER PROXY WEB.
Any room in which you grow plants can be considered a grow room. Normally the conditions of the room are strictly controlled. Used by professional horticulturies and seed producers to control a plants environment.
Virgin Activated Coal Based Carbon Provides Maximum Odor Removing Capabilities.
Filter is Designed to Purify the Air and Eliminate Odors.
Preinstalled Mounting Flange Hooks up to Any 4" Fan.
Eliminate Mold, Mildew Spores and Other Airborne Particles That Could Harm Your Plants.
100% Safe and 100% Effective.
180? Degree Maximum Operating Temperature.
Lifespan: 1.5-2 Years Depending On Operating Conditions.
Recommended Operating Conditions: Environments W/ Less Than 70% Humidity.
Having become quite fed up with winter, I decided to start preparing for spring by cleaning out the grow room and making more space. I'm already going to be spending too much money on more lighting, so I just used everything I could that was already taking up space in this tiny basement closet. Take that, IKEA!
One of the more amusing exhibits at the International Hemp and Marijuana museum, the museum's very own grow room. A bearded and dreadlocked employee offered us samples, though having a horrible chest cold at the time, I sadly had to decline.


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La Linaigrette de Scheuchzer (Eriophorum scheuchzeri) est une plante herbacée vivace de la famille des Cyperaceae.

Elle pousse dans les tourbières des régions montagneuses d'Europe et d'Amérique du Nord.

Statut
En France, elle est protégée en région Midi-Pyrénées (Article 1).

Voir aussi

Article connexe
Flore des Alpes

Liens externes

Bibliographie
 L. Persici et B. Charpentier, Fleurs du Mercantour, éd. Dromadaire, Parc National du Mercantour, , DL .

Cyperaceae
Flore (nom vernaculaire)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Iranian consensus on use of vitamin D in patients with multiple sclerosis
Soodeh Razeghi Jahromi1,2,
Mohammad Ali Sahraian1,3,
Mansoureh Togha3,4,
Behnaz Sedighi5,
Vahid Shayegannejad6,
Alireza Nickseresht7,
Shahriar Nafissi8,
Niayesh Mohebbi9,
Nastran Majdinasab10,
Mohsen Foroughipour11,
Masoud Etemadifar12,
Nahid Beladi Moghadam13,
Hormoz Ayramlou14,
Fereshteh Ashtari6 &
Shekoofe Alaie1
BMC Neurology volume 16, Article number: 76 (2016) Cite this article
Accumulating evidences from experimental, epidemiologic and clinical studies support the potential linkage between poor vitamin D status and the risk of developing Multiple Sclerosis (MS), as well as, an adverse disease course. However, the results of the trials on the clinical outcomes of vitamin D supplementation in MS patients are less consistent which brought many discrepancies in routine practice. In this article we presented a summary of a symposium on vitamin D and MS. In this symposium we aim to review the current data about the relationship between vitamin D and MS, and suggest management guides for practicing neurologists.
Generally, supplementation seems to be reasonable for all MS and clinically isolated syndrome (Rinaldi et al., Toxins 7:129–37, 2015) patients with serum 25(OH)D level below 40 ng/ml. In patients with vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency, a large replacing dose (e.g. 50,000 IU capsules of D per week for 8–12 week) is recommended. Panel also suggested: the checking of the serum vitamin D, and calcium level, as well as, patients' compliance after the initial phase; a maintenance treatment of 1500–2000 IU daily or equivalent intermittent (weekly, biweekly or monthly) Dose, considering the patient's compliance; routine check of serum vitamin D level at least two times a year especially at the beginning of spring and autumn; Serum vitamin D evaluation for first degree relatives of MS patients at high risk age and supplementation in case of insufficiency (25(OH)D less than 40 ng/ml); correction of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency before pregnancy, as well as, a daily dose of 1500–2000 IU or equivalent biweekly intake in 2nd and 3rd trimesters; stopping supplementation if 25(OH)D serum level exceeds 100 ng/ml.
Although the results of high power studies are not available, correcting vitamin D status seems plausible in all MS and CIS patients. Maintaining the serum 25(OH)D level between 40 and 100 ng/ml is not known to exert adverse effect. More ever, it might be associated with lower disease activity.
Vitamin D plays important roles beyond calcium hemostasis and bone health, including cell differentiation, proliferation and growth in the muscle, skin, parathyroid gland, pancreas and immune system. It influences the onset of diverse conditions such as cardiovascular and autoimmune disease. Sun shine is the necessary source of vitamin D [1]. We generally expose less than 5 % of our skin to sun shine and use Ultraviolet B (UVB)-protecting sun screen. Living in northern latitudes and industrial cities aggravate the situation. Only a relatively small number of foods contain substantial amounts of vitamin D, which cannot provide us with sufficient amount of vitamin D [2].
The probebility that vitamin D deficiency might be a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) was suggested about 30 years ago. The role of vitamin D on etiology, pathophysiology and clinical course of MS has become a focus of intense research and has raised lots of questions and controversies among the physicians working with MS patients. Despite many investigations on this issue the optimal range of serum vitamin D and the proper dose of supplement are still unknown. Regular use of vitamin D has been considered by many health care professionals as well as MS patients who have received some information about the disease. Routine use of vitamin D in MS patients, their first degree relatives and people at risk of MS is still a debate and varies among different countries and even between practicing neurologists working at the same area. Consensus guidelines which answer some important questions on this topic according to the available evidences or experts' opinions will help in preventing confusions and diversity of ideas during routine clinical practice. This paper resulted from 2 days discussion of a group of 14 experts including neurologists, a nutritionist and a clinical pharmacist who reviewed the current evidences about the relationship between vitamin D status and MS and tried to answer the most important questions of practicing physicians, regarding this subject. Information regarding vitamin D and MS (823 entries) were obtained from the pubmed database and the Cochrane database of systemic reviews. Relevant reports were considered from the initiation of the mentioned databases to April 2015.
Review of current evidences
The link between vitamin D and multiple sclerosis was initially proposed after the discovery of higher disease prevalence in northern latitude that obtain lower amount of sunlight and consistently have lower vitamin D synthesis.
In-vitro and in-vivo studies have promoted the hypothesis of vitamin D and MS linkage. In-vitro studies showed that 1,25(OH)2D shifts CD4 T-cells and MHC class II molecules to a more anti-inflammatory profile. 1,25(OH)2D inhibits CD4 T-cells from developing to Th1 cytokine profile (TNF-α and IFN-γ). Also it promotes the expression of T-reg cells (secreting TGF-β and IL-10) and Th-2 (producing IL-13, IL-5, IL-4) [3].
Protective and/or therapeutic role of vitamin D was also reported in Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-the animal model of MS. Most of these studies started to feed mice with active form of vitamin D before EAE induction. Thus they mostly assessed the mechanism of protective role of vitamin D in EAE.
The proposed underling mechanisms for this relationship are: Inducing inflammatory cells apoptosis [4] i.e. CD4+ T-cells [5], suppressing immune cell infiltration into the CNS [4], i.e. CD 11b + monocytes [5], decreasing Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase [4, 5], as well as, inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine secretion including IL-12 and IFN-γ [6, 7].
However, a number of studies proposed that vitamin D protective role might depend on its interaction with other factors such as inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Inadequate IFN-γ may undermine vitamin D mediated inhibition of demyelinating disease. MS risk might increase in persons with insufficient IFN-γ expression, despite high sun exposure due to low Vitamin D Receptor gene expression and a high T-helper 1 and T-helper 17 cells in the CNS [8]. Vitamin D was failed to ameliorate EAE in mice with IL-10 and IL-10 receptor disrupted genes [9].
Strikingly, at least three studies revealed that serum vitamin D deficiency itself impairs the development of EAE. Deluca et al., maintained mice on vitamin D-deficient diet for two generations. EAE onset was postponed and the severity of EAE was ameliorated in D-deficient mice compared to controls [10]. Fermendes et al. reported that the offspring of vitamin D-deficient mice developed delayed and milder EAE. The over expression of TNF and osteopontin, as well as, the under expression of IFN were noted in the cerebellum and spinal cord of the second generation of vitamin D-deficient mice [11]. In Wang et al. study, VDR-knocks out mice with either sufficient or insufficient vitamin D intake, showed delayed onset and reduced severity of EAE. Wang et al. concluded that protective role of vitamin D against EAE is related to the accompanied hypercalcemia. Also, hypercalcemia induced by parathyroid hormones attenuated EAE in female mice [12].
As the absence of VDR and vitamin D deficiency inhibits the development of EAE, it is clear that the lack of the vitamin D signaling could not be a risk factor in EAE. More ever, a number of studies examined the role of UV light independent of vitamin D in protecting against EAE. The results revealed that UV itself attenuates EAE severity [13]. The observed discrepancy in the results of the animal studies raised the following questions: Does vitamin D alone has protective role against EAE? What is the cause and effect relationship between vitamin D-insufficiency and EAE?
Epidemiologic studies
Epidemiologic studies strongly support the hypothesis of vitamin D insufficiency as a risk factor for MS. According to the Nurses' Health study II cohort results, MS risk was lower in women whose mothers had higher predicted 25(OH)D during pregnancy [14]. Antico et al. reviewed the studies on vitamin D and MS risk. They concluded that low vitamin D level especially levels lower than 10 ng/ml could aggravate autoimmune disease such as MS [15]. Some studies highlighted the needs for considering ethnic/racial differences in MS susceptibility. For example, the results of the MS sun shine study which performed by Langer-Gould et al., reported that the vitamin D hypovitaminosis is not a MS risk factor in Hispanics and blacks [16].
Studies also assessed the timing of vitamin D insufficiency on MS susceptibility. Two studies reported the higher risk reduction in people who have vitamin D serum levels of ≥30 ng/ml when they are under 26.4 and 20 years old [17, 18].
A literature review by Simon et al. distilled the following results from the accumulating evidences: (1) Controversy in the serum level of vitamin D MS patient have typically lower serum 25(OH)D levels. 25(OH)D level tends to be stable before the onset of symptoms, but reduced thereafter. This might reflect decreased outside activity and sun shine avoidance rather than the effect of vitamin D-deficiency on the risk of MS [19]. On the other hand, a number of studies reported a higher 25(OH)D level in MS patients. To date with the great attention to the possible therapeutic effect of vitamin D, many of the MS patients receive vitamin D supplement. A study reported that 7 % of MS patients were taking vitamin D before MS diagnosis in comparison to 66 % after diagnosis [19].
(2) Ddiscrepancy in the results of studies that assessed the effect of vitamin D insufficiency on disease severity.
A study reported no significant correlation between D level and Expanded disability status scale (EDSS) or multiple sclerosis severity scale (MSSS) but another study [19] observed significant relationship between higher 25(OH)D level and decreased MSSS [19]. In addition to Simon et al. report, Thouvenot et al. reported that in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients, the correlation between EDSS and vitamin D level was only significant in patients with EDSS < 4 [20].
Simon et al., concluded that the cross-sectional design does not allow deduction regarding temporality [19].
Vitamin D supplementation could have several immunological effects on MS patients. For example, 10,400 IU vitamin D/days decreased IL-17 producing CD4+ Tem cell and CD4+ T cells in MS patients [21]. However, the results of the studies on the clinical/neurological outcome of vitamin D supplementation are less consistent.
In 2013 James et al. published a meta-analysis on vitamin D supplementation in MS patients. Five studies with a total of 129 vitamin D treated patients and 125 controls (90 placebo, 35 low dose of vitamin D) were enrolled (Table 1) [22]. No significant relationship was observed between high-dose vitamin D treatment and relapse risk. The authors concluded that the clinical trials were failed to provide satisfying evidence in favor of the therapeutic effect of vitamin D [22].
Table 1 Clinical trials on vitamin D for MS treatment
The failure of clinical trials in reaching credible results might be due to the effect of factors that influence vitamin D function in the body (e.g. vitamin D Bounding Protein-DBP). Vitamin D circulates mostly in DBP-bounded form. Recent evidences found a DBP-dependent transport mechanism that facilitates the access of DBP-bound vitamin D to target organs. Of note DBP could inhibit the action of 25(OH)2D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 on Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs). Also DBP reported to suppress the conversion of 25(OH)2D3 into 1,25(OH)2D3 by T Cells. One study reported the higher plasma level of DBP in MS patients compared to controls [1].
Another susceptible factor which could influence vitamin D function is vitamin D receptor (VDR). Results of a systemic review on VDR polymorphism showed that AA ApaI and FF FokI genotype could be significant MS risk factors. Another possible risk factor is TaqI. However, the relationship between TaqI polymorphism and MS susceptibility is highly affected by sample characteristics [23].
Briefly, the clinical trials failed to reach consistent results regarding the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and the therapeutic effect of supplementation [22]. In MS patients, differences observed in factors which mediate vitamin D function such as higher plasma DBP level compared to healthy individuals [1] and VDR polymorphism [23] add more complexity to the question about vitamin D supplementation. In the presence of the mentioned discrepancy and complexity, results of an experts' meeting might provide clinicians with useful information, till the release of the results of the ongoing large clinical trials (Table 1).
Recommendations of the expert panel
Most frequently asked questions about vitamin D supplementation were discussed. The recommendations were scored using an agreement index ranging from 1 (not agree at all) to 5 (fully agree). The mean score is presented.
Who should be tested for serum 25(OH)D level and what is the optimal range of vitamin D?
Although there is inconstancy in the results of cross-sectional studies that compare vitamin D status in MS patients and healthy subjects, the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in general population including MS patients is predominantly accepted. Thus, there was a general consensus of vitamin D assessment in all MS patients especially early after diagnosis and in first demyelinating event (agreement score: 4.9).
The normal range of 25(OH)D have been revised in recent years. Normality is currently between 30 and 100 ng/ml (75 and 250 nmol/l) [24]. Less than 10 ng/ml is considered as deficiency and a range between 11 and 30 ng/ml considered as insufficiency [24, 25]. However for many of the non-classic, extra-bone effect of vitamin D including MS prevention, 40 ng/ml (100 nmol/l) was suggested [24, 26, 27]. Previous studies recommended a threshold of 30 ng/ml for patients with hyperparathyroidism and renal disease stage 3–5 (including dialysis patients) [26].
Who should be supplemented, which supplement and which dose should be used?
A daily intake of 1000 IU vitamin D resulted in an approximately 10 ng/ml increases in 25(OH)D [28]. However, there are variations in individual response [28]. To reach a serum level of 30 ng/ml, a daily intake of 1000–4000 IU (average ~ 2000 IU) is required [26]. Most studies denoted that even a daily dose of 10,000 IU for several months is not resulted in adverse effects [28]. Sun bathing also could provide vitamin D dose equivalent to an oral consumption of up to 20,000 IU per day. However, in healthy individual who spend long times in sunny environment, serum level of 25(OH)D rarely exceed 100 ng/ml [26].
Although daily vitamin D is considered to be more physiologic, different studies reported that intermittently administered vitamin D has approximately equal effects on 25(OH)D level as cumulative daily dose [29]. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) performed by Ish-shalom reported adverse outcomes with one annual dose of 500,000 IU. According to previous studies daily, weekly, biweekly or monthly strategies are preferred [29]. The panel agreed on daily (agreement score: 3.3), weekly (agreement score: 3.3), biweekly (agreement score: 3.75) or monthly (agreement score: 4.1) strategies. A majority of experts believe that biweekly or monthly strategies resulted in better compliance.
As RCTs did not support the therapeutic effect of high-dose vitamin D, the panel recommended the currently prescribed doses of vitamin D in clinical practice to treat hypovitaminosis and prevent deficiency to MS patients [30]. Thus, in patients with vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency, a large replacing dose was proposed in initial phase (e.g. 50,000 IU pearl of vitamin D per week for 8–12 week [30]) (agreement score: 4.8). Checking the serum vitamin D level and patients' compliance is recommended after initial phase (agreement score: 4.8).If the level of vitamin D does not reach normal level by 12 weeks, repeting the replacement phase for another 8–12 weeks is recommended (agreement score: 4.8) [30]. According to previous evidences, to maintain the 25(OH)D level above 30 ng/ml, 1500–2000 IU vitamin D/d is required [24]. The specialists suggested 2000 IU/d or equivalent intermittent (weekly, biweekly or monthly) Dose (agreement score: 4.9). The panel was disagreed with increasing the current recommended dose, before the release of the results of the ongoing large RCTs with agreement score of 5.
Up to the best of our knowledge, no high power trial compare vitamin D injection with oral therapy in MS patients. The results of the trials about intramascular vitamin D administration in Non-MS Patients are conflicting. A number of trials reported intra muscular to be more effective [31, 32], and some considered that oral supplementation as superior [33]. Further clinical trials are required to elucidate differences.
Bhargava et al. reported that MS patients have reduces serologic response to vitamin D supplementation. The results of their study proposed the idea that vitamin D pharmacokinetic may differ in MS patients compared to healthy subjects [34]. There is no drug interaction between disease modifying medications used for MS treatment and vitamin D [35].
Daily consumption of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 seems to have almost similar effect on serum 25(OH)D level. When D3 is available, supplementation with D3 is preferred as it avoids problems with differences in 25(OH)D assay specificity [26] (agreement score: 4.6). More ever, when using intermittent regimen, D3 maintains serum 25(OH)D level consistent for a longer time.
More ever, vitamin D and calcium seemed to act together, such as in the pathogenesis of breast and colorectal cancer, oesteoprosis and probably autoimmune diseases [36]. Cantorna et al., reported that reduced lymphocyte count in the lymph nodes and enhanced IL-4 mRNA in response to 1,25(OH)2D administration was occurred solely when calcium intake was sufficient [37]. In a study by Soliu Hänninen, MS patients have hypocalcemia [38]. More ever, proinflammatory cytokines such as IL1-α, IFN-γ and TNF-α which considered pathogenic in MS, also inhibits bone formation and stimulates bone resorption [38] Therefore, the panel recommended a combination of vitamin D and calcium (agreement score:2.8).
How often should the test be performed?
With daily or weekly dose, at least 3 months of supplementation is needed to reach a plateau [26, 39]. Thus, measurement of 25(OH)D is recommended after 3 months of therapy (agreement score: 4.9). In case of resolving the insufficiency and deficiency, the panel recommended routine check of serum vitamin D level at least two times a year especially the beginning of spring and autumn (agreement score: 4.9).
The panel also recommends monitoring of calcium level at baseline and after 3 months of supplementation in deficient patients (agreement score: 4.9).
Therefore, the panel recommended that further monitoring of PTH, and urinary and serum calcium be performed according to physician decision (agreement score: 4.9).
Is checking the vitamin D level and supplementation suggested for the family members of MS patients?
As the most of the people does not meet the minimum requirement of Ultraviolet B (UVB), vitamin D supplementation is recommended for the majority of general population. The risk of MS is only 0.2–0.4 % in first degree relatives. However, vitamin D supplementation is inexpensive and safe and also seems to be reasonable even from the general preventive medical point of view alone. However the panel did not reached the consensus about vitamin D level check for all family members of MS Patients. But the panel suggests serum vitamin D evaluation for first degree relatives of MS patients who are at high risk age. If serum level is <40 ng/ml, the panel recommended the currently prescribed doses of vitamin D in clinical practice (50,000 IU/week for 8–12 weeks) to treat hypovitaminosis [30]. The panel recommended the currently suggested maintenance dose of vitamin D (1000 IU/d for <18 year and 1500–2000 IU for adults) to maintain serum level of 25(OH) D above 30 ng/ml for the family memebers of MS patients [24] (agreement score: 4.2).
In case of pregnancy, should a patient with MS continue vitamin D supplementation and how often it should be checked?
The vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in pregnant women worldwide [40, 41]. Results of a study showed that vitamin D level is significantly lower among pregnant MS patients compared to healthy controls [42]. Vitamin D deficiency might increase the risk of preeclampsia [43], bacterial vaginitis [44], low birth weight babies, gestational diabetes, obstructed labor, preterm delivery and miscarriage [45]. In 2011, the Institution of medicine (IOM) published new DRIs of vitamin D for pregnant women that increase from 400 to 600 IU (same as non-pregnant women). However, the new IOM report was based on the skeletal effect of vitamin D and not on other non-classical actions of vitamin D. The 2011 IOM increased the upper limit of vitamin D intake from 2000 to 4000 IU/d. The endocrine society recommended at least 600 IU/d for pregnant women and recommended that for pregnant individuals who are at increasing risk of deficiency, 1500–2000 IU might be needed to maintain vitamin D level above 30 ng/ml. Different studies evaluated the effective dose of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy. The dose of vitamin D supplement varied widely in different studies (400–4000 IU per day or equivalent single dose). The minimum effective dose which improve pregnancy outcome, but not induce toxicity is still unclear [45]. Also no significant association between vitamin D level and postpartum relapse rate was observed [42]. The panel suggests vitamin D level check and supplementation in case of deficiency/insufficiency before becoming pregnant (agreements score: 4.75). During pregnancy, the panel suggested a daily dose of 1500–2000 IU or equivalent biweekly intake in second and third trimesters (agreement score: 4.75). The panel also suggested 25(OH)D check every 3 months (agreement score: 4.75). In case of serum levels greater than 100 ng/ml, the supplementation should be ceased (agreement score: 5).
What are the signs and symptoms of vitamin D toxicity and how it should be managed in MS patients?
Like other essential micronutrients, vitamin D intake has a U curve regarding adverse effects due to deficiency and toxicity. Vitamin D toxicity from dietary source is unusual. However, signs of toxicity might appear as a result of high dose vitamin D supplementation [45].
According to endocrine society guideline maintenance dose of <4000 IU/day does not resulted in any notable adverse effects [24]. Consumption of maintenance dose of ≥4000 IU per day might increase the likelihood of hypercalcemia [46–48]. According to the results of Burton et al. study, large replacing dose for short duration did not result in hypercalcemia. As shown in Table 1 they prescribed 40,000 IU/d for 28 weeks to MS patients [49]. Also studies recommended 50,000 IU vitamin D/week for 8–12 to treat hypovitaminosis [30]. Only annual large dose exceeding 300,000 IU vitamin D2 was reported to be associated with an increased risk of hip/femur/wrist fracture in elderly women [48] and greater number of falls [49].
The sign and symptoms of vitamin D intoxication might include: anorexia, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, dehydration, polyuria, polydipsia, nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, chronic interstitial nephritis, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and chronic renal failure, paresthesia, hypotonia, seizure, confusion, apathy, coma, hypertension, arrhythmia, bradycardia, cardiomyopathy, calcification, muscle weakness, conjunctival calcification and osteoporosis. The signs of toxicity mostly observed when very large single dose was used. For example IOM reported that >50–60 ng/ml should raise concerns about possible adverse effects (Tolerable Upper Intake Levels: Calcium and Vitamin D). In the "endocrine society guidline" and "practical guideline for central Europe", >100 ng/ml was considered as the intoxicated level [24, 27]. The panel was agreed with the safety serum level of 100 ng/ml (agreement score: 5). The panel suggest the discontinuation of vitamin D supplementation if the circulating level is above 100 ng/ml and recheck after 6 months regarding vitamin D reserve (agreement score: 5). If the blood level is more than 150 ng/ml, the panel recommended urinalysis because of the risk of hypercalcuria and renal stones [50].
Dose the amount of vitamin D supplementation should be adjusted according to physical activity level?
RCTs have previously revealed that vitamin D supplementation can significantly improve muscle function and physical performance in vitamin D-deficit individuals [51]. Low 25(OH)D level might indirectly affect physical performance by inducing hyperparathyroidism. PTH has been shown to stimulate IL-6 secretion. IL-6 increment is associated with poor physical function and reduced muscle strength [51].
Previous RCTs recommended 1000 IU vitamin D/day in older individuals with low physical performance [52]. The panel suggests 1000 IU or its intermittent equivalents in MS patients with limited physical activity (agreement score: 4.75).
Is checking the vitamin D level and supplementation suggested for patients with clinically isolated syndrome?
CIS is defined as first demyelinating event indicating high risk for MS (i.e., one clinical event involving the spinal cord, the optic nerve, the brainstem or cerebellum or occasionally the hemispheres) and at least 2 silent T2 bright areas on a brain or spinal cord MRI (at least one must be in the brain). Previous studies reported that severe vitamin D deficiency is more common among clinically isolated syndrome patients [53]. Also, according to previous studies low serum vitamin D is correlates with increased MS risk in CIS patients [54]. On the other hand, in CIS patients, higher total cholesterol level was associated with an increment in the number of contrast enhancing lesions on brain-MRI and consequently the first clinical event. Brown et al. conducted a study on the relationship between vitamin D metabolits' level and serum lipoprotein status. They reported that a higher 25(OH)D3 level was associated with higher HDL biomarkers (HDL-c, Apo AII, Apo AI, arylesterase and paroxanase activity) and LDL biomarkers (LDL-c and Apo B). Though, the relationship between HDL-biomarkers and 25(OH)D3 was stronger. Therefore, they proposed that the effect of hypovitaminosis D on lipid profile in CIS patients, might be one of the susceptible cause of its adverse effect on CIS course of disease [55]. The panel suggests vitamin D level check and 8–12 weeks of supplementation in case of insufficiency and deficiency (25(OH)D below 40 ng/ml) for all CIS patients (agreement score: 4).
Considering the mounting evidences presented here, the consensus recommends:
Vitamin D assessment for all MS patients, especially after diagnosis and in the first demyelinating attack.
Vitamin D supplementation in case of 25(OH)D level below 40 ng/ml.
In patients with vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency, a large replacing dose is proposed in initial phase (e.g. 50,000 IU capsules of D per week for 8–12 week).
Checking the serum vitamin D level and patients compliance after initial phase. If the level of vitamin D does not reach normal level by repeating the replacing period for another 8–12 weeks is recommended.
Checking serum calcium level at base line and after replacing dose (3 months).
A maintenance treatment of 1500–2000 IU daily or equivalent intermittent (weekly, biweekly or monthly) Dose. Biweekly or monthly dose might have better compliance.
When D3 is available, supplementation with D3 is preferred.
Routine check of serum vitamin D level at least two times a year especially at the beginning of spring and autumn is advised for all treated and untreated patients.
Serum vitamin D evaluation for first degree relatives of MS patients at high risk age. Supplementation is recommended in case of insufficiency (25(OH)D less than 40 ng/ml). The panel recommends maintenance dose for family members with normal vitamin D level.
The panel suggests the correction of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency before pregnancy. During pregnancy, the panel suggested a daily dose of 1500–2000 IU or equivalent biweekly intake in 2nd and 3rd trimesters. The panel also suggested 25(OH)D check every 3 months. In case of serum levels greater than 100 ng/ml, the supplementation should be ceased.
The panel suggests 1000 IU/d or its intermittent equivalents in MS patients with limited physical activity.
The panel suggests vitamin D level check and 8–12 weeks of supplementation in case of serum 25(OH)D level below 40 ng/ml for all CIS patients.
The data of national comprehensive study on household food consumption pattern and nutritional status, Iran, 2001–2003 revealed that average per capita consumption of dairy products in Iran was 0.1–0.18 of western societies (139 g/d compared to 769–1369 g/d) [56]. Also Iranians have limited access to oily fishes as one of the main sources of vitamin D [57]. Considering low intake and high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, it seems plausible to recommend government and authorities for starting national surveys on vitamin D fortification or supplementation.
More researches are needed to prepare a detailed guideline for vitamin D supplementation as adjuvant therapy in different stages of MS. Our meeting is an attempt to help physicians for better management of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency, as well as to pave the ground for more researches in this field.
The study was approved by local ethical committee of Multiple Sclerosis Research Center (IR.MSRC.rec.1393.324, March 2014).
CIS:
COX-2:
cyclo-oxygenase-2
DBP:
vitamin D bounding protein
EAE:
EDSS:
expanded disability status scale
IFN-γ:
IL-10:
IL-6:
Institution of Medicine
JAK:
Janus kinase
MSSS:
multiple sclerosis severity scale
NFқB:
nuclear factor kB
RRMS:
relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
STAT:
signal transducer and activator of transcription
TYK:
tyrosine kinase
UVB:
ultraviolet B
VDR:
vitamin D receptor
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The authors thank the Research Development Center of Sina Hospital for language editing of the manuscript.
The meeting and accommodations were supported by an unrestricted educational grant from CinnaGen Company. The authors thank the sponsor for logistic support during the meeting.
MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Soodeh Razeghi Jahromi, Mohammad Ali Sahraian & Shekoofe Alaie
Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Soodeh Razeghi Jahromi
Department of Neurology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Ali Sahraian & Mansoureh Togha
Headache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mansoureh Togha
Shafa Hospital, Medical Sciences University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
Behnaz Sedighi
Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Vahid Shayegannejad & Fereshteh Ashtari
Department of Neurology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Alireza Nickseresht
Department of Neurology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Shahriar Nafissi
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Niayesh Mohebbi
Department of Neurology, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Nastran Majdinasab
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Mohsen Foroughipour
Department of Neurology, Azahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Masoud Etemadifar
Department of Neurology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Nahid Beladi Moghadam
Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Hormoz Ayramlou
Mohammad Ali Sahraian
Vahid Shayegannejad
Fereshteh Ashtari
Shekoofe Alaie
Correspondence to Mohammad Ali Sahraian.
SRJ wrote the primary draft. MAS proposed the idea, managed the meeting and revised the primary draft. MT, BS, VS, AN, SN, NM, NM, MF, ME, NBM, HA, FA, SF active participation in the meeting, reviewing the literature and approving the primary draft. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Jahromi, S.R., Sahraian, M.A., Togha, M. et al. Iranian consensus on use of vitamin D in patients with multiple sclerosis. BMC Neurol 16, 76 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-016-0586-3


At some point in our lives, we have had a broken lock repaired. A door lock is a solid piece of equipment but with daily wear and tear, the lock can get faulty. So, in the horrible probability of getting locked out of your home, it is important to get it fixed as soon as possible. It would be much better, though, to gauge the deteriorating condition of your failing door lock latch beforehand. Lock repair is an issue that should never be neglected. Here are some potential problems that you should be watchful of before getting a lock replace.
Weather stripping is one of the most common reasons for a malfunctioning door lock latch or a broken lock. It can cause misalignment of the lock and prevent it from working properly. Weather stripping causes erosion of the exterior paint. The resulting decay causes the door lock latch to get destroyed from the inside. In such instances, rectify the problem by installing a new weather stripping. Installing a new vinyl-stripping may seem like a huge hassle, so you can also insert the stripping further on the door frame.
If you put the key in the lock and it doesn't seem to be turning, the lock may have seized up. Common causes of seizing include the accumulation of dirt and grime. A small do-it-yourself approach for lock repair would be to insert a damp cotton swab in the keyhole and get the dirt attracted to the q-tip. After cleaning it, lubricate the lock using either a silicone spray or a graphite one. Using oils for this purpose is not recommended as oil doesn't come in the form of a directional spray. Oils can also get in other parts where it is not required which could further damage the working condition of the door lock latch.
File a slot in the strike plate so that it's easier for the strike plate to receive the latch. Enlarge the opening by filing in the inside edges of the opening.
Reposition the strike plate by unscrewing it. Then, test if the door lock latch functions properly.
In flaky weathers, exterior locks can freeze, interior locks get filthy, and internal parts may become faulty and wear out. In these instances, it is convenient to think of getting a lock replace. However, before you get a lock replace, try the below quick remedies to see if you can salvage your lock system.
Put a directional spray of graphite into the keyhole to see if the lock gives way. After spraying it, or squeezing it onto the key-hole surface, operate the lock a few times to see if it has started working.
There are also many lock de-icers on the market that contain alcohol and other solutions for dissolving any grimy and gummy deposits.
In icy weathers, you can also try to thaw the lock by inserting a heated key into the keyhole. Warm the key, which should be dry, and insert into the keyhole for lock repair.
The last resort is to see if you are dealing with a broken lock. Disassemble the lock and eye it for any broken or jammed pieces. If you find that you can set it right after then go ahead and do that.
When you put the key into the keyhole and it turns but the lock bolt seems to be faulty, then the mechanism is faulty. In such cases, the lock must be removed for any missing or worn out parts. If you can't figure out the problem easily, then a lock replace can be considered.
A door lock can end up being defective for a number of reasons. In order to avoid any ugly situation, it is imperative that you fix the situation as fast as you can. There are many unpleasant happenings that can occur as a result of a failing lock system.
Why Neglecting Lock Repair Is a Terrible Idea!
When your door lock is no longer functioning to its full potential, then it's good foresight to replace it. It is very easy to figure out if your lock is not working since you use it every day. No matter what the reason for your broken lock is, it is vital that you get the problem fixed. If you can't get it fixed, then make sure to call a locksmith for their services.
Having a broken lock system can seriously impact your security. A broken lock can make you vulnerable to threats. Door locks and security are synonymous with each other, and you should keep in mind that a faulty lock system can put you in a very dangerous position.
Now that we are talking about the issue of security, a more deadly consequence of this negligence could be a burglary attempt. Avoiding the issue of a broken lock can put you, your family and your belongings in a state of danger. The issue could have been avoided initially by installing a system of lock repair.
Mortise lock repair, Deadbolt lock repair, lock-related problems.


My research and practice span basic, translational, and applied interests. As a clinical consultant, supervisor, and director for eight years, I practiced behavior analysis with developmentally disabled populations in homes, schools, and treatments centers from Florida to California. As a master's degree student at St. Cloud State University, I developed Formative Grapher, an open-source application that aids scientists and clinicians with plotting time-series data.
As a doctoral student in the interdisciplinary neuroscience program at Utah State Univeristy, I study decision-making under the mentorship of Dr. David A. E. Bolton. My research employs humans and animal models and diverse behavioral and biological tools to answer questions like How do temporal parameters alter choice? and What is the role of cortical circuits in response inhibition? For my research, I have won intramural and extramural awards, including for dissemination from Psi Chi/Noba Psychology/The Diener Education Fund. I have presented my research at conferences including the Association for Behavior Analysis International (2017, 2018) and the Utah Association for Behavior Analysis.
I have taught Analysis of Behavior: Basic Principles and Neuroscience I, laboratory courses at Utah State University, and I currently teach an introductory research design and statistics course. I have served on the board of the Four Corners Association for Behavior Analysis and have reviewed grant proposals for the Association for Psychological Science. Annually, I interview applicants for Washington University in St. Louis, my undergraduate alma matter.
Outside of the laboratory, I rock climb and alpine mountaineer.


text:
Richard Knerr (Califórnia, 30 de junho de 1925 – Califórnia, 14 de janeiro de 2008) foi um dos cofundadores da Wham-O Inc, empresa que destacou-se na fabricação de binquedos de amplo acesso como o Bambolê e o Frisbee entre outros.

Biografia
Em 1958, Knerr e seu sócio (e amigo de toda a vida) Arthur Melin iniciaram a produção em massa do bambolê, inspirado em amigo da Austrália que o usava para se exercitar.

O primeiro sucesso da empresa Wham-O deu-se em 1955, quando adquiriu os direitos de um disco projetado para ser lançado horizontalmente no ar, chamado Pluto Plattes. A empresa melhorou o brinquedo o lançou no mercado em 1957, com o nome de fresbee.

Alguns dos brinquedos idealizados por Richard Knerr e Arthur Melin ficaram eternizados por serem acessíveis e divertidos. Em 1982, os sócios venderam a empresa Wham-O Inc por 12 milhões de dólares ao grupo Kransco Companies. A Mattel adquiriu-a em 1994, revendendo-a há poucos anos.

Referências
Morre nos EUA criador do bambolê. Folha online (19/01/2008 - 22h21)
Richard Knerr. Scotsman.com News (21/01/2008)

Inventores dos Estados Unidos
Mortos em 2008


This forum contains 109 topics and 1,782 reply, and was last updated by Tyler Stephens 2 years, 9 months ago.
How much fat and how much protein , total calories?
Remember to suggest me quite a few effective fat reduce ideas?
My bulking journey from 65 kgs (138 pounds) to 80kgs (176 pounds).


Enjoy Punta Mita indoor-outdoor living in this spacious two story, 3-bedroom, 3.5-bath luxury villa. On the lower level, the generous living and dining rooms open to an expansive terrace with a covered outdoor dining area, wet bar with outdoor Viking grill, and a private heated swimming pool with Jacuzzi. Two bedrooms have their own private baths, walk-in closets, and outdoor terraces. Also, on the lower level, is a large gourmet kitchen, central patio with water feature, and laundry room. The upstairs level, consists of an oversized Master Suite, with sitting area, walk-in closet and private bath with an outdoor shower, as well as an additional covered terrace meant for escape. Throughout is fine stone flooring. Adjacent to the Villa is an enclosed garage with space for a large luxury car, golf cart, and storage.


text:
Home Market
Skyline Champion Corporation (SKY) Testing Investors' Patience Right Now
Wellington Management Co. LLP recently announced the acquisition of new stake in Skyline Champion Corporation (NYSE:SKY). The institutional investor has increased its shareholding in the Consumer Cyclical company by 23.62% to 7.4 million shares with purchase of 1.41 million shares. This fresh investment now brings its stake to 13.01% valued currently at $381.35 million. In addition, The Vanguard Group, Inc. raised its holdings by 0.27 million to 5.76 million shares. And American Century Investment Manag has lifted its position by 7.09% or 0.15 million shares – to 2.22 million shares.
With over 0.33 million Skyline Champion Corporation (SKY) shares trading Friday and a closing price of $58.98 on the day, the dollar volume was approximately $19.65 million. The shares have shown a positive half year performance of 6.62% and its price on 01/13/23 lost nearly -0.34%. Currently, there are 56.96M common shares owned by the public and among those 55.94M shares have been available to trade.
An analysis of what Wall Street brokers have to say about the expected price targets for this stock gives us this picture: 6 analysts who have offered their price forecasts for SKY have a consensus price objective of $64.83. The analysts have set the share's price value over the next 12 months at a high of $80.00 and a low of $54.00. The average price target is 9.02% above its recent price level and a downside to the estimated low will see the stock lose -9.22% over that period. But an upside of 26.28% will see the stock hit the forecast high price target while median target price for the stock is $62.50.
Insiders at the company have transacted a total of 39 times over the past 12 months, according to data filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). 18 of these insider trades were purchases, accounting for 35,440 shares. Insider sales of the common stock occurred on 21 occasions, with total insider shares sold totaling 51,791 shares.
The top 3 mutual fund holders in Skyline Champion Corporation are Vanguard Explorer Fund, American Century Small Cap Value, and Vanguard Total Stock Market Index. Vanguard Explorer Fund owns 1.79 million shares of the company's stock, all valued at over $92.15 million. The company bought an additional 0.1 million shares recently to bring their total holdings to about 3.14% of the shares outstanding. American Century Small Cap Value sold 80000.0 shares to see its total holdings shrink to 1.65 million shares valued at over $84.73 million and representing 2.89% of the shares outstanding. Vanguard Total Stock Market Index bought 2375.0 shares to bring its total holdings to over 1.63 million shares at a value of $83.76 million. Vanguard Total Stock Market Index now owns shares totaling to 2.86% of the shares outstanding.
Shares of Skyline Champion Corporation (NYSE: SKY) opened at $58.16, down -$1.02 from a prior closing price of $59.18. However, the script later moved the day high at 59.80, down -0.34%. The company's stock has a 5-day price change of 8.26% and 6.12% over the past three months. SKY shares are trading 14.50% year to date (YTD), with the 12-month market performance down to -15.63% lower. It has a 12-month low price of $43.04 and touched a high of $81.87 over the same period. SKY has an average intraday trading volume of 405.56K shares. The stock is trading above its simple moving averages at the SMA20, SMA50, and SMA200, as the current price level is off by 10.23%, 13.22%, and 8.28% respectively.
Institutional ownership of Skyline Champion Corporation (NYSE: SKY) 56.96M shares outstanding. Mutual fund holders own 45.85%, while other institutional holders and individual stakeholders account for 55.01% and 21.23% respectively.
It has a market capitalization of $3.37B and a beta (3y monthly) value of 1.68. The stock's trailing 12-month PE ratio is 8.14, while the earnings-per-share (ttm) stands at $7.25. Price movements for the stock have been influenced by the stock's volatility, which stands at 3.37% over the week and 3.00% over the month.
Analysts forecast that Skyline Champion Corporation (SKY) will achieve an EPS of $1.82 for the current quarter, $1.17 for the next quarter and $4.83 for 2024. The lowest estimate earnings-per-share for the quarter is $1.5 while analysts give the company a high EPS estimate of $2.01. Comparatively, EPS for the current quarter was $0.89 a year ago. Earnings per share for the fiscal year are expected to increase by 190.70%, and -39.76% over the next financial year. EPS should shrink at an annualized rate of -2.20% over the next five years, compared to 79.73% over the past 5-year period.
If you are looking to buy this stock, then you may note that the average analyst recommendation by 6 brokerage firm advisors rate Skyline Champion Corporation (SKY) as a "Moderate Buy" at a consensus score of 2.30. Specifically, 3 Wall Street analysts polled rate the stock as a buy, while 3 of the 6 advise that investors "hold," and 0 rated it as a "Sell."
Looking at the support for the SKY, a number of firms have released research notes about the stock. Barclays stated their Equal Weight rating for the stock in a research note on December 14, 2022, with the firm's price target at $65-$60. RBC Capital Mkts coverage for the Skyline Champion Corporation (SKY) stock in a research note released on November 03, 2022 offered a Sector Perform rating with a price target of $54. Wedbush was of a view on July 07, 2022 that the stock is Outperform, while RBC Capital Mkts gave the stock Outperform rating on February 04, 2022, issuing a price target of $81- $87. Wedbush on their part issued Neutral rating on March 02, 2021.


text:
"""
Handle the password database, encryption, and decryption. The database is a binary format with the following spec:

Database file
=============
Offset      Type        Description
-----------------------------------
0           byte*       8-byte signature: C7 64 A2 F3 AF DE 56 CD
8           byte*       16-byte initialization vector
24          uint        AES encrypted section offset (aesoffset)
28          uint        Number of encrypted secret keys
32          SecretKey*  The encrypted secret keys (one per recipient)
<aesoffset> byte*       The AES (using CFB) encrypted section

SecretKey entry
===============
Offset  Type    Description
---------------------------
0       uint    Entry length
4       byte*   RSA Encrypted secret key (padded using PKCS1_OAEP)

AES encrypted section (decrypted)
=================================
Offset          Type        Description
---------------------------------------
0           uint        Database offset (dboffset)
4           uint        Number of recipients
8           Recipient*  Recipient keys and comments
<dboffset>  char*       JSON-formatted text (no NULL terminator) with password key-values

Recipient entry
===============
Offset          Type    Description
-----------------------------------
0               uint    Key size in bytes (keysize)
4               uint    Comment size in bytes
8               byte*   RSA public key
<8 + keysize>   byte*   Comment text (no NULL terminator)
"""

import json
import struct

from Crypto import Random
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_OAEP, AES
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA

DATABASE_FILE_SIGNATURE = b'\xc7d\xa2\xf3\xaf\xdeV\xcd'

class Recipient(object):
    def __init__(self, public_key, comment):
        self.public_key = public_key
        self.comment = comment

class PasswordDatabase(object):
    """Encrypted password store"""

    def __init__(self, f=None, private_key=None):
        """
        Create the database from a file-like object with encrypted data. If f is None, will create an empty database.
        """

        self.recipients = []
        self._password_store = {}

        if f:
            self._decrypt_database(f, private_key)

    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return self._password_store[item]

    def __setitem__(self, item, value):
        self.set(item, value)

    def __delitem__(self, key):
        if isinstance(key, str):
            del self._password_store[key]
        else:
            raise KeyError(key)

    def __contains__(self, item):
            return item in self._password_store

    def get(self, item, default=None):
        return self._password_store.get(item, default)

    def set(self, item, value):
        if not isinstance(item, str):
            raise ValueError('Key must be a string')
        if not isinstance(value, str):
            raise ValueError('Value must be a string')

        self._password_store[item] = value

    def _decrypt_database(self, f, private_key):
        database_bytes = f.read()
        if len(database_bytes) < 32:
            raise ValueError('Invalid password database: too small!')

        signature, iv, aes_offset, num_keys = struct.unpack('<8s16sII', database_bytes[:32])

        if signature != DATABASE_FILE_SIGNATURE:
            raise ValueError('Invalid password database: wrong signature!')

        secret_key = None
        cipher = PKCS1_OAEP.new(private_key)
        ptr = database_bytes[32:]
        for __ in range(num_keys):
            entry_length, = struct.unpack('<I', ptr[:4])
            try:
                secret_key = cipher.decrypt(ptr[4:entry_length+4])
                break
            except ValueError:
                ptr = ptr[entry_length+4:]

        if not secret_key:
            raise ValueError('Could not decrypt password database: invalid RSA key!')

        aes_section = database_bytes[aes_offset:]
        cipher = AES.new(secret_key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv)
        plaintext = cipher.decrypt(aes_section)

        if len(plaintext) < 12:
            raise ValueError('Invalid password database: AES section is too small!')

        database_offset, num_recipients = struct.unpack('<II', plaintext[:8])

        ptr = plaintext[8:]
        for __ in range(num_recipients):
            key_size, comment_size = struct.unpack('<II', ptr[:8])
            rsa_key = ptr[8:key_size+8]
            comment = ptr[key_size+8:key_size+comment_size+8].decode()

            self.recipients.append(Recipient(RSA.importKey(rsa_key), comment))

            ptr = ptr[key_size+comment_size+8:]

        self._password_store = json.loads(plaintext[database_offset:].decode())

    def encrypt(self, f):
        """Encrypts this database, writing the output to a file-like object"""

        recipients = []
        for recipient in self.recipients:
            rsa_key = recipient.public_key.exportKey()
            key_length = len(rsa_key)
            comment = recipient.comment.encode()
            comment_length = len(comment)
            recipients.append(struct.pack(
                '<II{0}s{1}s'.format(key_length, comment_length), key_length, comment_length, rsa_key, comment
            ))

        recipients = b''.join(recipients)
        recipients_length = len(recipients)
        password_store_json = json.dumps(self._password_store).encode()
        password_store_length = len(password_store_json)

        plaintext = struct.pack(
            '<II{0}s{1}s'.format(recipients_length, password_store_length), 8+recipients_length, len(self.recipients),
            recipients, password_store_json
        )

        secret_key = Random.new().read(32)
        iv = Random.new().read(16)
        cipher = AES.new(secret_key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv)
        aes_section = cipher.encrypt(plaintext)

        encrypted_keys = []
        for recipient in self.recipients:
            cipher = PKCS1_OAEP.new(recipient.public_key)
            encrypted_key = cipher.encrypt(secret_key)
            encrypted_key_length = len(encrypted_key)
            encrypted_keys.append(
                struct.pack('<I{0}s'.format(encrypted_key_length), encrypted_key_length, encrypted_key)
            )
        encrypted_keys = b''.join(encrypted_keys)

        aes_section_offset = 32 + len(encrypted_keys)
        f.write(struct.pack(
            '<8s16sII{0}s{1}s'.format(len(encrypted_keys), len(aes_section)), DATABASE_FILE_SIGNATURE, iv,
            aes_section_offset, len(self.recipients), encrypted_keys, aes_section
        ))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Commissioner Lober's proposal could save Brevard tax dollars | Opinion
Lober's proposal could save Brevard tax dollars
Commissioner Lober's proposal could save Brevard tax dollars | Opinion Lober's proposal could save Brevard tax dollars Check out this story on floridatoday.com: https://www.floridatoday.com/story/opinion/2019/08/09/lobers-proposal-could-save-brevard-tax-dollars/1965408001/
Bill Mick, Your turn Published 10:54 a.m. ET Aug. 9, 2019 | Updated 3:24 p.m. ET Aug. 9, 2019
County Commissioner Bryan Lober speaks during Tuesday's county commission meeting in Viera. (Photo: Craig Bailey/FLORIDA TODAY)
Wheel of Fugitive was a good idea by Brevard County Sheriff Wayne Ivey. It was a government game show on Facebook with a purpose to get help from the community to locate fugitives — and it worked.
America loves a good game show. How else did Jeopardy, Wheel of Fortune and The Price is Right survive on TV all these years?
Commissioner Bryan Lober has adopted an idea that could bring us essentially the Brevard County version of a game show that could just save us lots of tax dollars. The concept is that citizens or businesses offering cost savings ideas would be eligible to win 3% of any savings they propose to the county if the county adopts and implements the idea.
We have smart and engaged people in Brevard and I am sure there is waste in the budget that can be scavenged. The county should bring this about. It could work and game show sure beats the comedy show we see most of the time.
Bill Mick (Photo: Adam Schanz)
Beware of Tallahassee Republicans
The Fox News headline read, "Biden says he's coming for assault weapons…" That's not a surprise or news, but this next one may be.
"Nothing's off the table…" comes from Republican Florida Sen. Tom Lee, who was placed in charge of the legislative response to the mass shootings in El Paso and Dayton.
Nothing is off the table? In a Republican-controlled legislature? Be afraid, Floridians. Be very afraid. And don't think it can't happen with Republicans in charge. It already has. The Stoneman Douglas School Safety Act has already infringed on the Second Amendment and the Legislature overwhelmingly passed it without blinking.
They won't hesitate to do it again. Lee says they are tasked with finding a solution for the problems of the American psyche. Then let's go back to the First Amendment and create a state religion because Almighty God is the only answer for that one.
You think they'd scream about that?
Can DeSantis avoid the politics of mass violence?
Gov. Ron DeSantis is being pressured to make public statements against President Trump in the wake of last weekend's mass shootings. He's right to avoid the trap that some Democratic lawmakers are trying to lay for him.
The governor asks what solutions political narratives can provide when he is looking for a threat assessment strategy that will be effective for Florida. DeSantis wants law enforcement to be able to be proactive in the protection of us all. It's a tough goal to accomplish. The right to keep and bear arms "shall not be infringed," but the Legislature has already done so and is likely to try again.
When seconds count, as Ivey says, police are only minutes away. The actual answer is open carry. It's doubtful it can pass in this environment.
I believe the governor wants to do the right thing. It may be harder than he believes to accomplish it.
Bill Mick is program director and host of "Bill Mick LIVE" on WMMB-AM. Read more at billmick.com.
Read or Share this story: https://www.floridatoday.com/story/opinion/2019/08/09/lobers-proposal-could-save-brevard-tax-dollars/1965408001/


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Kristen Doute Net Worth
Kristen Doute was born on the 19 February 1983, in Dearborn, Michigan USA, and is an actress and model, perhaps best known for her appearance in the Bravo reality TV series "Vunderpump Rules" encompassing the workers of the restaurant SUR and its owner Lisa Vanderpump, a reality TV star – best known from the TV reality series "Real Housewives Of Beverly Hills – in the main role. She has been active member of the entertainment industry since 2011.
Have you ever wondered how rich Kristen Doute is? According to sources, it is estimated that Kristen Doute's overall net worth is $50,000, an amount earned through her career in the entertainment industry, mostly through her involvement in "Vanderpump Rules"; however, adding to her net worth, Kristen has also starred in films such as "Behind Your Eyes" (2011) and "Blood On Canvas" (2013).
SEE ALSO: Colin Egglesfield Dating, Girlfriend, Net Worth, Earnings, Facts, Wiki-Bio
Kristen Doute Net Worth $50,000
Kristen grew up in Dearborn, and attended the Edsel Ford High School until 2001. In 2010, she moved to Los Angeles in order to pursue her career as an actress. Before she became known, Kristen worked in several restaurants as a waitress until eventually acquiring a job at SUR, the restaurant owned by Lisa Vanderpump. The restaurant and its workers were featured in the Bravo reality TV show "Vanderpump Rules", which has been on air since 2013. Kristen`s net worth began slowly to increase; however, in the first season she only earned $5000, nevertheless, Kristen`s salary increased with the 2nd season, as it was reported that she was earning $3000 for each episode, and since season 3, her salary per episode is $5000. Among the other cast and co-workers, Kristen has worked there the longest, which earned her a promotion to the spot of senior waitress, which also benefited her net worth.
SEE ALSO: 20 Self-Made Billionaires Who Rose From Rags To Riches Some Of Them Were Homeless Bio Wiki
Before the "Vanderpump Rules" had begun to air, Kristen had already been before the cameras in several films. In 2011 she appeared in the film "Behind Your Eyes", for which she earned a nomination for the Best Actress In A Drama award at the International Film Festival. In 2012, she appeared in the film "23 Minutes To Sunrise", which featured Eric Roberts in the main cast, and as the most notable achievement in her acting career so far, stars in the role of Emma in the drama film "Blood On Canvas" in 2013, which also added to her net worth.
A large part of her personal life can be seen on TV. She built up her character on the "Vanderpump Rules" as a trouble maker, starting numerous debates and arguments with owner Lisa. When it comes to her private life, Kristen was in a romantic relationship with her colleague, actor Tom Sandoval who is also a member of the SUR restaurant. They were together for five years before they split up, alleging adulteries of her boyfriend, which were later confirmed. However, Kristen later stepped out and admitted in an interview that she has also been unfaithful to Tom. Kristen is currently single.
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Can fruit products capitalize on the growing concern about the overweight but poorly nourished American, particularly the American youngster? This Packaged Facts report examines the trends and products in the U.S. market for fruit juices and drinks, packaged fruit, and fruit confectionery. Worth $16 billion at the mass-market level, the market spans 11 major categories and segments: refrigerated juices/drinks, shelf-stable bottled juices, aseptic juices, shelf-stable canned juices, frozen juices, fruit drink mixes, canned/bottled fruit, shelf-stable jam/jelly/preserves, dry fruit snacks, dried fruit, and frozen fruit. Standout segments (ranging from smoothies and dry fruit snacks to old standbys such as grape juice, lemonade, and tomato/vegetable juice cocktail) are quantified through IRI sales data, Productscan new product reports, and Simmons consumer surveys, along with a thorough examination of key market drivers, from bite-size and portable snacks to fortification and exotic flavors.
Competitor Profile: Altria Group/Kraft Foods, Inc.