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APA Style Citation
The American Psychological Association (APA) style guide is often used by instructors in the social and medical
sciences. Although APA is vague about how exactly to format the references page for a student paper, these
general guidelines have been adapted from the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association,
6 edition. To avoid plagiarism, cite all sources within the paper using parenthetical references and make sure
to have an accurate reference list. The instructions for citing specific types of resources are listed in the
following pages along with examples. Always verify this citation format with your instructor.
All works that are used in the paper and identified by a parenthetical reference require a listing in the
References page so that the reader can verify or locate the original source. Follow the basic format outlined
below to create your References page:
 Page Format: Start your references page on a new page at the end of your paper, number it
consecutively, and use the same font style and size as the rest of the paper. Center the title References
one inch from the top of the page and double-space between the title and the first entry.
 Entries: Double space the entire reference list. Arrange entries alphabetically. Begin each entry flush with
the left margin. Indent all following lines five spaces. Do not number the entries.
Parts of a Citation
 Authors: Most sources will include an author. In APA style authors are formatted as follows:
o 1 author: Smith, J.
o 2 authors: Smith, J., & Jones, M.
o 3 authors: Smith, J., Jones, M., & Johnson, R.
o 4 authors: Smith, J., Jones, M., Johnson, R., & Miller, M.
o 5 authors: Smith, J., Jones, M., Johnson, R., Miller, M., & Lopez, D. L.
o 6 authors: Smith, J., Jones, M., Johnson, R., Miller, M., Lopez, D. L., & Brown, N.
o 7 or more authors: Smith, J., Jones, M., Johnson, R., Miller, M., Lopez, D. R., Brown, N., et al.
 Dates: Enclose the date (year first) in parenthesis after the author"s name, follow with a period.
o Year only: (2007)
o Complete date: (2007, September 12)
o Month/Year: (2007, September)
o Two Months: (2007, September/October)
 Titles: Titles come after the date. Use the formats below for different types of titles
o Titles of Books: Italicize the title, but do not capitalize any words except the first word, proper
nouns and the first word of a subtitle. Example: Math for meds: Dosages and solutions
o Title of articles, poems, short stories or other short works: Same capitalization rules as for
book titles, but do not italicize. Example: Aging in place: A new model
o Title of periodicals: Italicize the title and capitalize major words. Example: Journal of
 Publication Information: Give complete place of publication and the publisher. Example: Novi, MI: Gale
 Electronic Access Information: For online resources add a retrieval statement that includes the date of
access, the name of the database, or the URL of the website. Example: Retrieved from JSTOR database
or Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nip/flu/Public.htm
1 2/4/2010
Basic Print Examples:
Author's last name, First initial. (year of publication). Title of book. City of publication, state or
country: Publisher.
Author's last name, First initial. (date of publication). Title of periodical article. Title of the
periodical, volume number, page number(s).
Basic Database Examples:
Author, A. (date). Title of article. In Title of Book (Vol. no, pages if given). City of publication, ST:
Publisher. Retrieved from [name of database] database.
Author, A. (date). Title of article. [Descriptive information, if any] Title of Periodical, volume, pages
if given. Retrieved from [name of database] database.
Gorman, J. M. (1996). The new psychiatry: The essential guide to state-of-the-art therapy,
medication and emotional health. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Cowley, G. (2000, January 31). Alzheimer's: Unlocking the mystery. Newsweek, 135, 46-54.
Journal Article (continuous page numbering)
Lindahl, K. M. & Malik, N. M. (1991). Observations of marital conflict and power: Relations with
parenting in the triad. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 320-330.
Journal Article (begins each issue on page one)
Add the issue number in parentheses directly after the volume number. In the example below "24(3)" signifies
volume 24, issue 3.
Marek, K. D. & Rantz, M. J. (2000). Aging in place: A new model for long term care. Nursing
Administration Quarterly, 24(3), 1-11.
Woodward, C. (2000, April 24). Storm surrounds raid as Elian has quiet Easter. The Daily
Commercial, p. A1.
Book from database
Brockopp, D.Y. (1995). Fundamentals of nursing research [Electronic version]. Boston: Jones &
Bartlett Publishers, Inc. Retrieved from netLibrary database.
Magazine Article from database
Kelly, B. (2007, August 27). The story behind the rankings. U.S. News and World Reports, 143, 4.
Retrieved from General Onefile database.
Journal article from database
Brown, P. (2006). Answers to key questions about childhood leukemia--for the generalist.
Contemporary Pediatrics, 23(3), 81-84. Retrieved from CINAHL Plus with Full Text
Newspaper article from database
Henderson, D. (2006, August 29). FDA to take a harder look at custom blending of drugs. The
Boston Globe. Retrieved from America's Newspapers database.
Citing an online book (Not from a library database)
Robinson, P. (1993). Freud and his critics [Electronic version]. Berkeley: University of California
Press. Retrieved from http://escholarship.cdlib.org/ucpress/robinson.xml
Citing a chapter from an online book (For books from the netLibrary and xreferplus databases, see the
handout Citing Subscription Databases APA Style.)
To cite a chapter from an online book, cite the author of the chapter, followed by "In" and the editor"s name
and/or the title of the book. If no page numbers are available, use the section or chapter number.
Tell, T. (2000). Guns, gold and grain: War and food supply in the making of Transjordan
[Electronic version]. In S. Heydemann (Ed.), War, institutions, and social change in the
Middle East (chap. 2). Berkeley: University of California Press. Retrieved from
http://escholarship.cdlib.org/uspress/heydemann.xml
Citing articles from an online journal or magazine based on a print source
Wills, T.A., Sandy, J.M., Yaeger, A., & Shinar, O. (2001, May). Family risk factors and adolescent
substance use: Moderation effects for temperament dimensions [Electronic version].
Developmental Psychology, 37, 238-297. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/
journals/dev/dev373283.html
Citing an article from the online version of a print newspaper
Caldwell, A. A. (2003, September 13). Volunteer firefighter faces child sex charge [Electronic
version]. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved from http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/
local/volusia/orl-locmolest13091303sep13.story
Citing an entire multi-page document created by a private organization
Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2001, November 14). Stem cell therapy: The ethical issues. Retrieved
from http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/publications/pp_0000000007.asp
Citing a chapter or section of a multi-page document
When citing a named or numbered part of a document, give the name or number and a direct URL if available.
Thomas Jefferson Monticello Foundation, Research Committee on Thomas Jefferson and Sally
Hemmings. (2000, January). Assessment of DNA study. In Report of the Research
Committee on Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemmings (section II). Retrieved from
http://www.monticello.org/plantation/dnareport2.html
Citing a website
When citing a website, treat the webpage as an article and the website as the source.
Agrawal, A. (2010, February 3). Study finds symptoms would likely diagnose one in 100 of the
general population. OncoLink. Retrieved from http://www.oncolink.upenn.edu/
news/index.cfm?function=detail&ID=841
What is heart failure? (2010, January). National Heart and Lung Blood Institute. Retrieved from
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Hf/HF_WhatIs.html
Other Citations for Print & Miscellaneous Resources
Books, two to six authors
Curren, A.M., & Munday, L.D. (1995). Math for meds: Dosages and solutions (7th ed.). San
Diego, CA: W.I. Publications, Inc.
Books with one or more editors as the author
Bullough, B., & Bullough, V.L. (Eds.). (1994). Nursing issues for the nineties and beyond. New
York: Springer.
An article or chapter in an edited book
Hancock, L. A., Olshansky, E. F., Abrums, M. E., & McCarthy, A. M. (1994). The prenatal period.
In C.L. Edelman & C. L. Mandle (Eds.), Health promotion throughout the lifespan (pp.
367-406). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Excerpt from a book reprinted in another book
Armstrong, P., & Armstrong, H. (2000). Canada's system is a model for health care reform. In J.
D. Torr (Ed.), Health care: Opposing viewpoints (pp. 157-161). San Diego: CA:
Greenhaven Press. (Reprinted from Universal health care: What the United States can
learn from Canadian experience, by P. Armstrong & H. Armstrong, 1998, The New Press).
Excerpt from a periodical article reprinted in a reference book
Evans, M. S. (2000). The managed care system is not a free market. In J. D. Torr (Ed.), Health
care: Opposing viewpoints (pp. 102-110). San Diego: CA: Greenhaven Press. (Excerpted
from If you're in an HMO, here's why. Consumer's Research Magazine, 1997 December).
Periodical article reprinted in a reference book
Marano, H. E. (1999). Love lessons. In L. H. Stone (Ed.), Selected readings in marriage and family
(pp. 69-74). San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press. (Reprinted from Love lessons: Six new
moves to improve your relationship. Psychology Today, 1997 March/April).
Lerner, S. (2000). The harms of having an abortion have been exaggerated. In W. Dudley (Ed.),
Opposing viewpoints in social issues (pp. 76-83). San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press.
(Reprinted from The truth about abortion and a woman's health. Glamour, 1997
November).
Sutherland, S. (1995). Matchmakers [Review of the book Mental leaps: Analogy in creative
thought]. Nature, 373, 572.
If the book review is untitled, use the material in brackets as the title and retain the brackets to show that the
material is not the title of the review.
Jenkins, P. (1999). [Review of the book The culture of fear: Why Americans are afraid of the
wrong things]. Social Forces, 78, 845-847.
Encyclopedia and dictionary entries
Blistein E. M. (1994). Humor. In Encyclopedia Americana (Vol. 14, pp. 563-564). Danbury, CT:
Grolier Inc.
Glanze, W. D., Anderson, K. N., & Anderson, L. E. (Eds.). (1990). Mosby's medical, nursing and
allied health dictionary (3rd ed.). St. Louis: C.V. Mosby Company.
California Air Resources Board Research Division. (1994). Reducing indoor air pollution
[Brochure]. Sacramento, CA: Author.
More Magazine examples
Klien, G. L. & Ziering, R. W. (2000, March-April). Allergies and exercise. The Saturday Evening
Post, 272, 26+.
Milliam, D. A. & Hadaway, L. C. (2000, April). On the road to successful I. V. starts. Nursing, 30,
Magazine Articles (no author)
Unscrambling dangerous myths about heart disease. (2000, April). Nursing, 30, 51.
More Newspaper articles
When citing newspapers alphabetize works with no author by the first significant word in the title. Precede page
numbers for newspaper articles with "p." or "pp."
Cracking genetic code releases floods of knowledge. (2000, June 28). Orlando Sentinel, p. A5.
When citing articles that are printed on more than one page, list all the page numbers preceded by "pp."
Lorente, R. (2000, June 28). Deal may let Cuba buy food. Orlando Sentinel, pp. A1, A6.
When citing a letter to the editor, add the descriptive label "Letter to the editor" (enclosed in square brackets)
after the title of the letter.
Olson, T. (2000, June 28). Financing for arts [Letter to the editor]. Orlando Sentinel, p. A13.
Do not cite personal communications in the reference list. These are cited only in the body of the paper. Give
the initials as well as the surname of the communicator and provide as exact a date as possible. Personal
communications include interviews, telephone communications, letters, memos, and some electronic
communications.
D. English (personal communication, April 24, 2000).
 Give the name and the function, in parentheses, of the originator or primary contributor.
 Specify the medium, in brackets, immediately after the title. Some examples of non-print media include
film, videotape, audiotape, slides and charts.
 Give the location and name of the distributor. For small, little-known companies, you may provide the
complete address.
Hyman, H. (Medical consultant). (1987). Smoking and lung cancer [Videotape]. (Available from
Films for the Humanities and Sciences, Inc., Box 2053, Princeton, NJ 08543).
Smith, J. (Producer). (2009). "Patrick Swayze: The Truth." 20/20 [Television Series]. [With
Barbara Walters, Patrick Swayze]. New York: American Broadcasting Company, 2009.
National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness (DHHS
Publication No. ADM-90-1679). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
ERIC Document
Finkelston, Candace. (1999). Learning library resources by researching Latin American topics.
Meramec, Missouri: St. Louis Community College. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service
No. ED430569).
More Examples of Full Text and Abstracts from Subscription Databases
Academic Search Complete (EBSCOhost)
Greyson, B. (2000). Dissociation in people who have near-death experiences: Out of their bodies or
out of their minds? Lancet, 355, 460+. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.
CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCOhost)
Buckley, L. (2004, December 16). Hand hygiene, standard handwashing vs. alcohol hand rubs.
[Evidenced-based care sheet]. Cinahl Information Systems. Retrieved from CINAHL Plus
with Full Text database.
Griffiths, K. J. (2005, October). Viral warfare. [CEU]. Occupational Health, 57(10), 24-27.
Retrieved from CINAHL Plus with Full Text database.
Clinical Pharmacology (EBSCOhost)
Bupropion. (2005, October 30). Gold Standard Multimedia. Retrieved from Clinical
Pharmacology database.
Cochrane Library (Wiley Interscience)
Lyrer, P., & Engelter, S. (2003). Antithrombotic drugs for carotid artery dissection. Cochrane
Database of Systematic Reviews, 3. Retrieved from Cochrane Library database.
CQ Researcher (CQ Library)
New ADD diet study gives hope for non-drug alternatives to Ritalin. (1999, October 22). The CQ
Researcher, 9, 905-928. Retrieved from CQ Researcher database.
Digital Collection (online book by one author and chapter in edited book)
Burton, D. H. (1995). Clara Barton: In the service of humanity [Electronic version]. Westport:
Greenwood Press. Retrieved from Digital Collection database.
Heyman, B. (2005). Health care risk escalators. In R. Bibace, J. D. Laird, K. L. Noller & J.
Valsiner (Eds.), Science and medicine in dialogue: Thinking through particulars and
universals [Electronic Version] (pp 43-61). Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group.
Retrieved from Digital Collection Database.
Education Research Complete (EBSCOHost)
Aborn, M. (2006). An intelligent use for belief. Education, 127, 83-85. Retrieved from Education
Research Complete database.
Part I: Perspectives of musical talent: Chapter 7: Reflections. (2002). Kindling the spark. New
York: Oxford University Press. Retrieved from Education Research Complete database.
Health & Wellness Resource Center (Gale)
Frey, R. J. (1999). Personality disorders. In D. Olendorf, C. Jeryan, & K. Boyden (Eds.), Gale
encyclopedia of medicine. Retrieved from Health & Wellness Resource Center database.
Pallikkathayil, L., Crighton, F. & Aaronson, L. S. (1998). Balancing ethical quandaries with
scientific rigor. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 20, 501. Retrieved Health &
Wellness Resource Center database.
Position of the American Dietetic Association: functional foods. (1999). Journal of the American
Dietetic Association, 99, 1278+. Retrieved from Health & Wellness Resource Center
Health Source Nursing Academic Edition (EBSCOhost)
Avison, W. R. (1997). Single motherhood and mental health: Implications for primary prevention.
CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 156, 661. Retrieved from Health Source
Nursing Academic Edition database.
Health Source Nursing Consumer Edition (EBSCOhost)
Willett, W. C., & Stampfer, M. J. (2003). Rebuilding the food pyramid. Scientific American,
288(1), 64. Retrieved from Health Source Nursing Consumer Edition database.
McConachie, L. G. (1899). The time element in political campaigns. American Journal of
Sociology, 5, 51-71. Retrieved from JSTOR database.
MEDLINE with Full-Text (EBSCOHost)
Crum, R. M. & Pratt, L. A. (2001). Risk of heavy drinking and alcohol use disorders in social
phobia: A prospective analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1693-1700.
Abstract retrieved from MEDLINE with Full-Text database.
Burton, B.K. (2007). A 12-year old with scoliosis: Marfan syndrome. Pediatric Annals, 36, 272 &
274. Retrieved from MEDLINE with Full-Text database.
netLibrary (online book by one author and chapter in edited book)
Hogan, T. P. & Janisse, M. P. (1992). Canada. In V. S. Sexton & J. D. Hogan (Eds.), International
Psychology [Electronic Version] (pp. 63-74). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Retrieved from netLibrary database.
NewsBank America's Newspapers (Newsbank)
Weiss, R. (2003, October 13). Study finds mind may rule over machine. Implant lets monkeys'
thoughts control device. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved from America's Newspapers
Nursing Resource Center (Gale)
Stockley, M.A., & Spiwak, A. J. (2004). Blood pressure measurement. In A. J. Senagore (Ed.),
Gale encyclopedia of surgery. Detroit, MI: Gale. Retrieved from Nursing Resource Center
Yuen, K. S. L., Lee, T. M. C., Wai, Y., Liu, H., Edith N. H. Mok, Leonard S.W. Li and Chetwyn
C. H. Chan. (2007). Cortical reorganization for response regulation with unilateral thalamic
stroke detected by functional MRI. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 21, 467.
Retrieved from Nursing Resource Center Database.
OmniFile Full Text Mega (Wilson Web)
Black, R. E. (2001 May). Micronutrients in pregnancy. British Journal of Nutrition, 85, S193-
S197. Retrieved from OmniFile Full Text Mega database.
Oxford Reference Online Premium (Oxford University Press)
Dunea, G. (2005). Hypertension. In S. Lock, J. M. Last, & G. Dunea (Eds.), The Oxford
companion to medicine. [Electronic version]. Oxford University Press. Retrieved from
Oxford Reference Online Premium database.
Radioactivity. (2005). In J. Daintith (Ed.), A dictionary of physics. [Electronic version]. Oxford
University Press. Retrieved from Oxford Reference Online Premium database.
Physician's Desk Reference (Thomson Micromedex)
Allegra (Sanofi-Aventis) (fexofenadine hydrochloride) capsules and tablets. (2003, May). In
Physician's desk reference. [Electronic version]. Thomson Micromedex. Retrieved from
PDR Electronic Library database.
PsycArticles (EBSCOhost)
Brisette, I., Scheier, M.F., & Carver, C.S. (2002). The role of optimism in social network:
Development, coping, and psychological adjustment during a life transition. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 102-111. Retrieved from PsycArticles database.
Science Resource Center (Gale)
Harrar, S. (2007, April). Walk off belly fat: Power foods for walkers. Prevention, 59, 154.
Retrieved from Science Resource Center database.
More Internet Resource Examples
Citing an article from a reference database
Texas. (2001). The Columbia encyclopedia, 6th ed [Electronic version]. Retrieved from
http://www.bartleby.com/65/te/Texas.html
Burke, M.A. (1990). Distance education and the changing role of the library media specialist.
Retrieved from http://www.ed.gov/databases/ERIC_Digests/ed327221.html
Citing a government site
For government publications, the author is the office that produced the information. If it is not well known, also
include the higher office under which it falls. The higher office would come first in the citation.
Centers for Disease Control. (2001). Flu facts for everyone. Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/nip/flu/Public.htm
Department of Health and Human Services. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
(2001, June). Food allergy and intolerances. Retrieved from
http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/food.htm
Citing articles from an Internet-only periodical
Badzedk, L.A., Mitchell, K., Marra, E.E., & Bower, M.M. (1988, December 13). Administrative
ethics and confidentiality/privacy issues. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Retrieved
from http://www.nursingworld.org/ojin/topic8/topic8_2.htm
Citing e-mail communications
E-mail communications from individuals should be cited as personal communications, (APA Manual 5 ed., p.
214). Cite an e-mail in the text of the manuscript. Do not include it in the reference list.
L. A. Chafez (personal communication, March 28, 1997).
Parenthetical Documentation
Parenthetical documentation is supplemental to the references list, and should be included in the text where you
use a particular source. Parenthetical references should briefly identify the source without repeating the full
information from the references list. In general, a parenthetical reference includes an author"s last name and
the page number of the reference. Below are some other guidelines. Refer to pages 207-214 of the APA
Publications Manual, 6 edition, for further assistance.
 Use a comma between the author"s name and the year of publication when citing the entire source.
 When citing a specific part of a source, follow the year of publication with a comma, the abbreviation for the
part, such as p. or chap., and the enumeration.
 If the source uses paragraph numbers, as is the case with some electronic journals, use the abbreviation
par. or pars., or the symbol ¶.
 When no author is listed, use the first few words (not including initial articles) in the title of the source (as it
appears in your references list).
Citing an entire print or non-print work
If you are citing an entire work – whether a book, article, film, or web site – it is usually preferable to mention it in
the text rather than as parenthetical documentation. Use the name of the person (author, editor, director, etc.)
that begins the entry in your references list. Add the date of publication.
 Books: As Ann Waldron (1998) points out, childhood influences are a theme in Welty"s work.
 Journal Articles: Karen Marek (2000) argues that the elderly often do better in familiar surroundings.
Citing part of a work
 Books: Welty uses metaphors often when describing her early experiences (Waldron, 1998, p. 38).
 Journal Articles: The fate of MGM may rest largely on the shoulders of its new CEO, whose focus will
be to reach a broader market with lower-budget films (Roberts, 2000, par. 3).
Citing a work listed by title
 Book (or Pamphlet): Many sources of pollution exist (Reducing, 2001, p. 2).
 Journal Article: A career in sports is the goal of most college athletes ("Seeing is Believing," p. 37).
 Electronic Sources: Although his health continued to be precarious, Vincent often drove himself to
paint for long stretches, foregoing food and sleep ("Gogh," 2003, ¶13).
Citing a work listed by corporate author
In the first text citation, use the full name of the group, with an abbreviation (for subsequent entries) in brackets.
 First Entry: Textbook challenges have increased 300% in the last five years (People for the American
Way [PAW], 2002, p. 6).
 Subsequent Entries: Statistics show that in 1998, fifty-two school districts resorted to court orders to
remove textbooks from classrooms (PAW, 2002, p. 58).
Citing a work with multiple authors
 2 or more authors – name both authors each time work is cited: Air quality is a key factor in
predicting the severity of allergies during heavy exercise (Klien & Ziering, 1999, p. 27).
 3 to 5 authors – name all authors in first entry and in subsequent entries use first author
followed by "et al.":
o First Entry: Allergies can be debilitating (Jones, Ford, Fry, & Mills, 2006, p. 55).
o Subsequent Entries: Allergies can be deadly (Jones et al., 2006, p. 56).
 6 or more authors – name only the first author followed by "et al.": Air quality is important in
preventing allergies (Smith et al., 2005, p. 66)
Based on Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6 ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological
Association, 2009.
10 2/4/2010
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"
+"Note:The file appears to be an avatar that you have "
+"requested. You should not change its filename. Save it in a location where "
+"KVIrc can find it, such as the 'avatars', 'incoming', or 'pics' directories, "
+"your home directory, or the save directory for the incoming file type. The "
+"default save path will probably work. You can instruct KVIrc to accept "
+"incoming avatars automatically by setting the option "
+msgid "Auto-accepting DCC %Q request from %Q!%Q@%Q for file %Q"
+msgid "Choose Files to Save - KVIrc"
+msgid "Auto-saving DCC %Q file %Q as \r![!dbl]play $0\r%Q\r"
+"The file '%1' already exists and is %2 large.
Do you wish "
+"to
overwrite the existing file,
 auto-rename the new "
+"file, or
resume an incomplete download?"
+"The file '%1' already existsand is larger than the offered one.
Do "
+"you wish to
overwrite the existing file, or
 auto-rename "
+msgid "File %s exists, auto-renaming to %Q"
+msgid "Attempting a passive DCC CANVAS connection"
+msgid "Listening on interface %Q port %Q"
+"Sent DCC CANVAS request to %Q, waiting for the remote client to connect..."
+msgid "DCC CANVAS request not sent: awaiting manual connections"
+msgid "Attempting an active DCC CANVAS connection"
+msgid "Contacting host %Q on port %Q"
+msgid "Local end is %Q:%Q"
+msgid "Attempting a passive DCC %s connection"
+msgid "Attempting an active DCC %s connection"
+msgid "The local IP address is private, determining from IRC server: %s"
+"The local IP address is private, but unable to determine it from the IRC "
+"The local IP address is private, but have no IRC server to determine it from"
+msgid "Sent DCC %Q request to %Q, waiting for the remote client to connect..."
+msgid "DCC %Q request not sent, awaiting manual connection"
+msgid "Low-level transport connection established"
+msgid "Starting Secure Socket Layer handshake"
+msgid "Cannot send data: No active connection"
+"The crypto engine was not able to encrypt the current message (%Q): %Q, no "
+"data was sent to the remote end"
+"The following message appears to be encrypted, but the crypto engine failed "
+msgid "DCC %Q failed: %Q"
+msgid "File Already Exists - KVIrc"
+"This window has no associated IRC context (an IRC context is required unless "
+"-c or -n are passed)"
+"You're not connected to a server (an active connection is required unless -c "
+msgid "Unable to get address of interface %Q"
+msgid "No suitable interfaces to listen on, use -i"
+msgid "This executable was built without SSL support, -s switch ignored"
+msgid "-c requires -i and -p"
+msgid "This executable has been built without SSL support, -s switch ignored"
+msgid "This executable has no SSL support, -s switch ignored"
+msgid "DCC VOICE support not enabled at compilation time"
+msgid "Invalid sample rate specified, defaulting to 8000"
+msgid "Invalid codec specified, defaulting to 'adpcm'"
+msgid "The current window has no associated DCC session"
+msgid "The specified parameter is not a valid DCC identifier"
+msgid "This DCC session is not a DCC transfer session"
+msgid "The specified window identifier is not valid"
+msgid "Unable to process the above request: %Q, %Q"
+msgid "Ignoring and notifying failure"
+msgid "Concurrent transfer limit reached (%u of %u transfers running)"
+msgid "Slot limit reached (%u slots of %u)"
+msgid "Too many pending connections"
+msgid "Invalid port number %s"
+msgid "Invalid IP address in old format %s"
+msgid "Invalid IP address %s"
+"The above request is broken: The second parameter is '%s' and should be "
+"This executable has been compiled without SSL support, the SSL extension to "
+"DCC CHAT is not available"
+"The above request is broken: it looks like a zero port tag acknowledge but I "
+"have either never seen this tag or it was sent more than 120 seconds ago"
+msgid "It seems that I haven't requested this dcc chat"
+"The above request is broken: The fourth parameter should be the file size "
+"but does not appear to be an unsigned number, trying to continue"
+"The above request is broken: The filename contains path components, "
+"stripping the leading path and trying to continue"
+"DCC SEND is not available"
+"Can't proceed with DCC RECV: Transfer not initiated for file %s on port %s"
+msgid "Invalid resume position argument '%s'"
+"Can't proceed with DCC SEND: Transfer not initiated for file %s on port %s, "
+"The above request has resume file size missing, assuming a resume file size "
+"DCC RECV is not available"
+msgid "Invalid RECV request: Position %u is is larger than file size"
+msgid "%Q [%Q@%Q] is ready to receive the file \"%s\""
+msgid "The remote client is listening on interface %s and port %s"
+"Use %c\r![!dbl]dcc.send %s -i=%s -p=%s %Q\r/dcc.send %s -i=%s -p=%s %Q\r%c "
+"to send the file (or double-click on the socket)"
+"but does not appear to be an unsigned number; trying to continue"
+"DCC RSEND is not available"
+msgid "No suitable interface to listen on, trying to continue anyway..."
+"DCC GET is not available"
+msgid "No file offer named '%s' (with size %s) available for %Q [%Q@%Q]"
+"Accepting file request from %Q [%Q@%Q] for '%s' (real file: %Q), offering "
+"DCC %s since we can't accept incoming connections (user option)"
+"The above request cannot be accepted: DCC VOICE support not enabled at "
+msgid "The above request cannot be accepted: Unsupported codec '%s'"
+"The above request appears to be broken: Invalid sample-rate '%s', defaulting "
+msgid "Unknown DCC type '%s'"
+msgid "WARNING: The peer is sending garbage data past the end of the file"
+"WARNING: Ignoring data past the declared end of file and closing the "
+"Data transfer terminated, waiting 30 seconds for the peer to close the "
+msgid "Data transfer was terminated 30 seconds ago, closing the connection"
+msgid "WARNING: Received data in a DCC TSEND, there should be no acknowledges"
+msgid "Setting up the connection"
+msgid "Attempting a passive DCC %1 connection"
+msgid "Attempting an active DCC %1 connection"
+msgid "Sent DCC RESUME request to %1, waiting for ACCEPT"
+msgid "%1 of %2 (%3%)"
+msgid "Contacting host %1 on port %2"
+msgid "Listening on interface %1 port %2"
+msgid "The local IP address is private, determining from IRC server: %1"
+msgid "Sent DCC %1 request to %2, waiting for remote client to connect..."
+msgid "DCC %1 request not sent, awaiting manual connection"
+msgid "DCC %s transfer with %Q@%Q:%Q completed: \r![!dbl]play $0\r%s\r"
+msgid "Local end is %1:%2"
+msgid "RESUME accepted, transfer will begin at position %1"
+msgid "Internal error in RESUME request"
+msgid "Invalid RESUME request: Position %1 is larger than file size"
+msgid "Accepting RESUME request, transfer will begin at position %1"
+msgid "Configure bandwidth for DCC transfer %1"
+msgid "Limit upload bandwidth to"
+msgid "Limit download bandwidth to"
+msgid "Can't retrieve a suitable local IPV4 address"
+"Can't listen on default interface '%s': fix it in the options dialog, "
+"disabling the option (so the next dcc will work)"
+"WARNING: failed to check the soundcard duplex capabilities: if this is a "
+"half-duplex soundcard , use the DCC VOICE option to force half-duplex "
+"Half duplex soundcard detected, you will not be able to talk and listen at "
+"WARNING: failed to set the requested sample rate (%d): the device used "
+msgid "Ops...failed to test the soundcard capabilities...expect problems..."
+msgid "Attempting a passive DCC VOICE connection"
+msgid "Attempting an active DCC VOICE connection"
+"Sent DCC VOICE (%s) request to %Q, waiting for the remote client to "
+msgid "DCC VOICE request not sent: awaiting manual connections"
+msgid "Input buffer: %d bytes"
+msgid "Output buffer: %d bytes"
+msgid "Actual codec used is '%s'"
+# Czech translation of Kvirc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Kvirc package.
+# Dusan Hokuv <dusan@mirc.cz>, 2004.
+msgstr "Vyberte soubory k odeslání - KVIrc"
+msgstr "Nelze poslat DCC %Q požadavek %Q: IRC spojení bylo přerušeno"
+msgstr "Nelze otevřít soubor %Q pro čtení"
+msgstr "%1 [%2@%3] požadavek DCC v %4 módu.
"
+msgstr "Spojení bude zabezpečeno pužitím SSL.
"
+msgstr "Budete na pasivní straně spojení.
"
+msgstr "Cílový hostitel je %1 na portu %2
"
+msgstr "DCC %1 požadavek - KVIrc"
+"%1 [%2@%3] požadavky
DCC v VOICE modu.
Cílový "
+"hostitel je %4 na portu %5
"
+"%1 [%2@%3] požadavky
DCC v CANVAS modu.
Cílový "
+"%1 [%2@%3] ti chce poslat soubor '%4', %5 bajtů veliký."
+"
Cílový hostitel je %6 na portu %7
"
+"Poznámka:Soubor vypadá jako avatar, který jste "
+"požadovali. Neměli byste měnit jeho název. Uložte jej v lokaci, kde ho bude "
+"moci KVIrc najít, jako např. 'avatars', 'incoming', nebo 'pics' adresáře, "
+"vašeho domovského adresáře, nebo adresář pro ukládání stažených souborů "
+"tohoto typu. Výchozí cesta pro ukládání souborů by měla také fungovat. "
+"Můžete nastavit KVIrc, aby přijímalo avatary automaticky pomocí "
+msgstr "Automatické přijímání DCC %Q požadavku od %Q!%Q@%Q pro soubor %Q"
+msgstr "Vyberte soubory k uložení - KVIrc"
+msgstr "Automatické ukládání DCC %Q souboru %Q jako \r![!dbl]play $0\r%Q\r"
+"Soubor '%1' již existuje a je %2 bajtů veliký.
Přejete "
+"si
přepsat stávající soubor,
 automaticky přejmenovat "
+"nový soubor, nebo
pokračovat v nedokončeném stahování?"
+"Soubor '%1' již existuje a je delší než nabízený.
Přejete "
+"si
přepsat stávající soubor, nebo
 automaticky přejmenovat</"
+msgstr "Soubor %s již existuje, automaticky přejmenovávám na %Q"
+msgstr "Pokouším se o pasivní DCC CANVAS připojení"
+msgstr "Naslouchám na interfacu %Q port %Q"
+"Zaslán DCC CANVAS požadavek na %Q, vyčkávám na připojení vzdáleného "
+msgstr "DCC CANVAS požadavek nebyl odeslán: očekává se manuální připojeni"
+msgstr "Pokouším se o aktivní DCC CANVAS připojení"
+msgstr "Kontaktuje se hostitel %Q na portu %Q"
+msgstr "Lokální konec je %Q:%Q"
+msgstr "Pokouším se o pasivní DCC %s připojení"
+msgstr "Pokouším se o aktivní DCC %s připojení"
+msgstr "Lokální IP adresa je privátní, zjišťuji z IRC serveru: %s"
+msgstr "Lokální IP adresa je privátní, ale nemohu ji zjistit z IRC serveru"
+"Lokální IP adresa je privátní, ale nemám žádné IRC servery k jejímu zjištění"
+"Odeslán DCC %Q požadavek na %Q, čekám na připojení vzdáleného klienta..."
+msgstr "DCC %Q požadavek nebyl odeslán, očekává se manuální připojení"
+msgstr "Nízkoúrovňové přenosové spojení navázáno"
+msgstr "Nelze poslat data: Žádné aktivní připojení"
+"Šifrovací program nebyl schopen zašifrovat aktuální zprávu (%Q): %Q, žadná "
+"data nebyla odeslána na vzdálený konec"
+"Následující zpráva se zdá být zašifrovaná, ale šifrovací program nebyl "
+msgstr "DCC %Q selhalo: %Q"
+msgstr "Soubor již existuje - KVIrc"
+"Toto okno nemá žádnou souvislost s IRC (souvislost s IRC je nutná nejsou-li "
+"zadány -c nebo -n parametry)"
+"Nejste připojeni k žádnému serveru (aktivní připojení je požadováno, pokud "
+"nejsou zadány -c nebo -n parametry)"
+msgstr "Nelze získat adresu rozhraní %Q"
+msgstr "Žádné vhodné rozhraní k naslouchání, použijte -i"
+"Tento spustitelný soubor byl zkompilován bez podpory SSL, přepínač -s bude "
+msgstr "-c vyžaduje -i a -p"
+msgstr "Tento spustitelný soubor nemá podporu SSL, přepínač -s ignorován"
+msgstr "DCC VOICE podpora nebyla zapnuta během kompilace"
+msgstr "Určena nesprávná vzorkovací frekvence, nastavuji výchozí na 8000"
+msgstr "Určen nesprávný kodek, nastavuji výchozí na 'adpcm'"
+msgstr "Současné okno nemá asociováno DCC sezení"
+msgstr "Určený parametr není platným DCC identifikátorem"
+msgstr "Tato DCC relace není DCC přenosová relace"
+msgstr "Určený identifikátor okna je neplatný"
+msgstr "Nemohu zpracovat předchozí požadavek: %Q, %Q"
+msgstr "Ignoruji a ohlašuji selhání"
+"Limit současně probíhajících přenosů dosažen (%u z %u probíhajících přenosů)"
+msgstr "Limit slotů dosažen  (%u slotů z %u)"
+msgstr "Příliš mnoho čekajících spojení"
+msgstr "Nesprávné číslo portu %s"
+msgstr "Nesprávná IP adresa ve starém formátu %s"
+msgstr "Nesprávná IP adresa %s"
+"Předchozí požadavek je přerušený: Druhý parametr je '%s' a měl by být "
+"Tento spustitelný soubor byl zkompilován bez podpory SSL, rozšíření o SSL "
+"Výše uvedený požadavek je poškozený; vypadá to na dohodnutý nulový port, ale "
+"nikde není tento požadavek vidět v průběhu předchozích 120 sekund"
+msgstr "Vypadá to, že nemám požadavek na tento dcc chat"
+"Předchozí požadavek je přerušený: Čtvrtý parametr by měl být velikost "
+"souboru, ale nevypadá jako neoznačené číslo, pokouším se pokračovat"
+"Předchozí požadavek je přerušený: Název souboru obsahuje cestu, odstraňuji "
+"počáteční cestu a snažím se pokračovat"
+"Nemohu pokračovat v DCC RECV: Přenos nebyl zahájen pro soubor %s na portu %s"
+msgstr "Nesprávný parametr pro pokračování '%s'"
+"Nemohu pokračovat v DCC SEND: Přenos nebyl zahájen pro soubor %s na portu "
+"%s, nebo je nesprávná velikost pro pokračování"
+"Následujícímu požadavku navázání chybí velikost souboru, předpokládá se "
+msgstr "Nesprávný RECV požadavek: Pozice %u je větší než velikost souboru"
+msgstr "%Q [%Q@%Q] je připraven k přijmutí souboru \"%s\""
+msgstr "Vzdálený klient naslouchá na rozhraní %s a portu %s"
+"Použijte %c\r![!dbl]dcc.send %s -i=%s -p=%s %Q\r/dcc.send %s -i=%s -p=%s %Q\r"
+"%c k poslání souboru (nebo dvojklikem na soket)"
+msgstr "Žádné vhodné rozhraní pro naslouchání, snažím se pokračovat..."
+"Žádná nabídka souboru s názvem '%s' (s velikostí %s) není dostupná pro %Q "
+"Příjem požadavku souboru od %Q [%Q@%Q] pro '%s' (skutečný soubor: %Q), "
+"nabízí DCC %s, dokud nebude možné přijmout příchozí spojení (uživatelská "
+"Přijímám požadavky na soubor od %Q [%Q@%Q] pro '%Q' (skutečný soubor: %Q), "
+"Předchozí požadavek nemůže být přijat: DCC VOICE nebylo povoleno při "
+msgstr "Předchozí požadavek nemůže být přijat: Kodek není podporován '%s'"
+"Předchozí požadavek výpadá jako přerušený: Nesprávná vzorkovací frekvence "
+"'%s', nastavuji výchozí na 8000"
+msgstr "Neznámý DCC typ '%s'"
+msgstr "VAROVÁNÍ: Za koncem souboru jsou posílána data nepatřící k souboru"
+"VAROVÁNÍ: Ignoruji data za deklarovaným koncem souboru a ukončuji spojení"
+"Přenos dat byl stornován, čekám 30 sekund, než druhá strana uzavře spojení..."
+msgstr "Přenos dat byl stornován před 30-ti sekundami, uzavírám spojení"
+"VAROVÁNÍ: Přijímaná data v DCC TSEND, tady by neměla být žádná potvrzení"
+msgstr "Pokouším se o pasivní DCC %1 spojení"
+msgstr "Pokouším se o aktivní DCC %1 spojení"
+msgstr "Zaslán DCC RESUME požadavek na %1, vyčkávám na ACCEPT"
+msgstr "%1 z %2 (%3%)"
+msgstr "Kontaktuji hosta %1 na portu %2"
+msgstr "Naslouchám na rozhraní %1 port %2"
+msgstr "Lokální IP adresa je privátní, určuji z IRC serveru: %1"
+"Zaslán DCC %1 požadavek na %2, očekávám připojení vzdáleného klienta..."
+msgstr "DCC %1 požadavek nebyl odeslán, očekávám manuální připojení"
+msgstr "DCC %s přenos s %Q@%Q:%Q kompletní: \r![!dbl]play $0\r%s\r"
+msgstr "Lokální konec je %1:%2"
+msgstr "RESUME přijato, přenos začne na pozici %1"
+msgstr "Vnitřní chyba v RESUME požadavku"
+msgstr "Nesprávný RESUME požadavek: Pozice %1 je větší než velikost souboru"
+msgstr "Přijímám RESUME požadavek, přenos začne na pozici %1"
+msgstr "Konfigurovat přenosové pásmo pro DCC přenos %1"
+msgstr "Omezit odchozí šířku pásma na"
+msgstr "Omezit příchozí šířku pásma na"
+msgstr "Nelze získat použitelnou lokální IPV4 adresu"
+"Nelze naslouchat na výchozím rozhraní '%s': opravte to v dialogu možností, "
+"zakázáním možnosti (pak možná bude dcc fungovat)"
+"VAROVÁNÍ: selhalo ověřování duplexních schopností zvukové karty: pokud máte "
+"poloduplexní zvukovou kartu, použijte DCC VOICE volbu k nastavení polo-"
+"Byla detekována poloduplexní zvuková karta, nebudete moci mluvit a "
+"poslouchat v ten samý moment"
+"VAROVÁNÍ: selhal pokus o nastavení požadované vzorkovací frekvence (%d): "
+"zařízení použilo nejbližší shodnou frekvenci (%d)"
+msgstr "Ups...selhal test schopností zvukové karty...očekávejte problémy..."
+msgstr "Pokouším se o pasivní DCC VOICE spojení"
+msgstr "Pokouším se o aktivní DCC VOICE spojení"
+"Zaslán DCC VOICE (%s) požadavek na %Q, čekám na připojení vzdáleného "
+msgstr "DCC VOICE požadavek nebyl odeslán: očekávám manuální připojení"
+msgstr "Vstupní buffer: %d bajtů"
+msgstr "Výstupní buffer: %d bajtů"
+msgstr "Aktuálně použitý kodek je '%s'"
+#~ msgid "Choose Save Location - KVIrc"
+#~ msgstr "Vyberte místo pro uložení - KVIrc"
+#~ msgid "Contacting host %s on port %s"
+#~ msgstr "Kontaktuje se hostitel %s na portu %s"
+#~ msgid "Missing target nickname"
+#~ msgstr "Chybí přezdívka cíle"
+#~ msgstr "Chybí jméno souboru"
+#~ msgid "The file size is not an positive number"
+#~ msgstr "Velikost souboru není kladné číslo"
+#~ msgid "Invalid file size specified, no message sent"
+#~ msgstr "Nesprávně zadaná velikost souboru, žádná zpráva nebyla odeslána"
+msgid "Choose a Filename - KVIrc"
+msgid "Save Failed - KVIrc"
+msgid "Can't open the file %s for writing."
+msgid "Row: %d Col: %d"
+msgid "Load Script File - KVIrc"
+msgid "Open Failed - KVIrc"
+msgid "Can't open the file %s for reading."
+msgid "MS-DOS Prompt at Location"
+msgid "&Copy Path to Clipboard"
+msgid "Do you really want to delete the file %Q?"
+msgid "Failed to remove the file"
+msgid "Clear all transfers, including any in progress?"
+msgid "Clear All Transfers? - KVIrc"
+msgid "Show DCC chat logs"
+msgid "Trying media player interface \"%Q\": score %d"
+"Not sure about the results, trying a second, more agressive detection pass"
+msgid "Choosing media player interface \"%Q\""
+msgid "Seems that there is no usable media player on this machine"
+msgid "No mediaplayer interface selected. Try /mediaplayer.detect"
+"The selected media player interface failed to execute the requested function"
+msgid "Last interface error: "
+msgid "An interface to the AmaroK KDE media player."
+"An interface to the AMIP plug-in.\n"
+"You can download it from http://amip.tools-for.net.\n"
+"To use this interface you must install AMIP plug-in for your player."
+msgid "An interface to the Juk KDE media player."
+msgid "Can't find a running winamp window"
+"An interface to the popupar Winamp media player.\n"
+"You can download it from http://www.winamp.com.\n"
+"To use all the features of this interface you must copy the gen_kvirc.dll "
+"plugin found in the KVIrc distribution directory to the Winamp plugins "
+"The winamp plugin has not been installed properly. Check /help mediaplayer."
+"An interface to the popular UNIX xmms media player.\n"
+"An interface to the popular UNIX audacious media player.\n"
+msgid "Can't load the player library (%Q)"
+msgid "Can't find symbol %s in %Q"
+msgid "The specified window does not exist"
+msgid "The specified timeout is not valid, assuming 0"
+msgid "The -t switch expects a timeout in seconds"
+msgid "Until KVIrc is Restarted"
+msgid "Permanently (Until Explicitly Enabled)"
+msgid "Write text or commands to window"
+msgid "The perlcore module can't be loaded: perl support not available"


text:
Four Dallas Schools Named for Confederate Leaders to Be Renamed
Wes Adams Published: September 21, 2017
Now that the statue of Robert E Lee has been removed from Lee Park in Dallas, it seems the rush is on to get rid of just about anything to do with the events that happened between 1860 and 1865 in America. What's next? Let's rename some schools.
How many Schools? Well, The Dallas Morning News reports that four schools named after Confederate generals will be renamed, and 21 more are being considered for name changes as well.
While I personally can not agree with most of the principles these generals fought for, what bothers me is the rush to seemingly erase this part of our history altogether.
Remove the statues, rename the schools, remove any trace that at one time half the country decided to fight for what they believed in. While their cause may have been one of the worst causes for which people ever fought, it was part of what made America what it is today. Now it seems we are afraid for anyone to know about it. Or maybe we are just afraid people might be offended by it?
"Forget the past and you are bound to repeat it". It's a phrase as old as the hills, but true none the less. DISD officials will start with efforts to rename schools named after Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, Albert Sidney Johnston, and William Cabell before moving on to 21 other potential name changes.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
You are here: Home / Archives for Health & Medical News / Orthopedics
X-Ray Often Better and Cheaper than MRI in Knee Diagnostics
March 10, 2008 By MedNews Leave a Comment
A weight-bearing X-ray is a better diagnostic tool and much less expensive than the MRI typically prescribed for patients with knees affected by osteoarthritis, according to a recent study. A patient's medical history and a routine physical should be the starting point for a primary-care physician, followed by basic diagnostics.
"MRIs are being used in excess. Many doctors no longer talk to or examine their patients. Instead, they are going right for the technology," said Wayne Goldstein, MD. Dr. Goldstein, lead author on the study, is a clinical professor of orthopedics at the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine and chairman of the Illinois Bone and Joint Institute.
"This is another example of over-utilization of the health-care system. It has become easier to go for the high-cost imaging. On average, an X-ray can cost less than $150, while an MRI can cost around $2,500". Medical imaging now accounts for 10%-15% of Medicare payments to physicians, compares with less than 5% only 10 years ago.
In 2008, Medicare will reimburse doctors more than $400 per MRI. By contrast, a 4-view X-ray which effectively reveals osteoarthritis and is routinely used by most orthopaedic surgeons, reimburses doctors just over $43. It is estimated that these MRI costs will continue to row at an annual rate of 20% or more in 2008. In the United States more than 533,000 total knee replacements were performed in 2005, primarily because of severe pain, swelling of stiffness of the knee caused by osteoarthritis.
A random sample of 50 knee arthroplasty patients found that 32 of the 50 had had a knee MRI within 2 years before surgery, ordered by their primary-care or orthopedic physician. The MRI did not produce any diagnostic information which could not have been provided by an X-ray, and more than 50% did not have any X-rays before surgical consultation.
"There are some indications for MRI, such as suspicion of avascular necrosis [in which blood loss to the area causes bones to break down, something which may not be seen on early X-rays], but that is not a common condition," Dr. Goldstein said. Dr. Goldstein and his co-authors believe that the main reason for this over-utilization of the MRI is a lack of education on this diagnostic technique, especially with family and primary-care physicians.
Dr. Goldstein added, "We fix this problem through educating physicians on the appropriate use of MRIs. We also need to educate our patients. Virtually every adult experiencing a knee problem should first have an appropriate set of X-rays before considering an MRI, which has been marketed as the premier diagnostic tool, so patients often come into the office expecting, even demanding, an MRI. Physicians need to look at why they are ordering an MRI and consider whether it is truly necessary."
The study was presented at the 75th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) in March, 2008.
Filed Under: Arthritis, Orthopedics Tagged With: knee, MRI, x-ray
Knee Surgery Recovery and Range of Motion Limited By Obesity
March 9, 2008 By MedNews 1 Comment
After total knee replacement surgery, obesity limits a patient's range of motion, makes the recovery period longer and calls for extended physical therapy, according to a recent study. A patient's body mass index (BMI)—a correlation between height and weight—has a direct relationship on the knee's range of motion and need for manipulation under anesthesia.
Close to 20% of patients with a BMI of 25 to 30 needed manipulation for improved flexibility and to break up scar tissue, while patients with a BMI of less than 25 needed the manipulation. Said Geoffrey Westrich, MD, lead author of the study and an associate professor of orthopaedic surgery at Hospital for Special Surgery in New York City, "For anyone considering knee replacement surgery, recovery time is always an important consideration". Heavy patients, he continued, need to be advised that their weight will probably slow their recovery.
Data from 309 patients (400 knee replacements) who underwent the procedure at Hospital for Special Surgery was evaluated for the effect of BMI on range of motion and the need for manipulation under anesthesia. Patients with BMI from less than 25 to more than 29.9 were divided into groups: major findings from the study were as follows:
The greater a patient's BMI, the less range of motion they can expect after knee surgery
Age was not a predictor for range of motion
Gender was a predictor for range of motion and the need for manipulation
Regardless of BMI: – Men had a 4.6-degree higher range of motion than women – Less than 10 percent of men needed manipulation six weeks after surgery compared to 18.5 percent for women
"Our study reinforces the drain that obesity is having on the health-care system," Dr. Westrich said. "The obesity epidemic is causing health-care expenditures to grow at a rapid rate. Insurance companies, Medicare, hospital administrators, and patients need to understand that obesity will likely cause different patient outcomes, including more complications that may require further surgical interventions."
Dr. Westrich concludes that "setting realistic expectations prior to surgery is paramount to patient care.". Surgeons performed more than 533,000 knee replacements in 2005.
Filed Under: Orthopedics Tagged With: knee, obesity
Will There Be Enough Orthopedic Surgeons to Meet Joint Replacement Demand?
March 7, 2008 By MedNews Leave a Comment
According to a new study by Dr. Iorio and his colleagues to be presented at the 75th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), the numbers of hip and knee replacement surgeries have increased dramatically in the last 10 years.
Dr. Iorio, senior attending orthopedic surgeon at the Lahey Clinic in Massachusetts said, "We are preparing for an epidemic of serious proportions."
In 2005, 285,000 total hip replacements and 523,000 total knee replacements were performed in the United States. By 2030, these two procedures are expected to jump to 572,000 and 3.4 million, respectively. Said Dr. Iorio: "The demand for these procedures will grow rapidly, and the orthopedic workforce will not be able to keep up. The supply of orthopedic surgeons will only increase 2 percent during 2000 and 2020. What we have on our hands is an access problem."
A 2005 survey of more than 23,000 AAOS members revealed:
30 percent identified themselves as general orthopedic surgeons
13 percent of orthopedic surgeons identified themselves as specialists in sports medicine
10 percent identified themselves as hand surgeons
Only 7 percent identified themselves as primary surgical specialists for the adult hip and knee
"Simply put," Iorio added, "there will be a need for services that overwhelms the supply of physicians who will be able to fill that demand. Patient care is of utmost concern to us. Getting arthritic patients back to the quality of life they once had is always first and foremost. If these projections come to life, the access for a joint replacement will negatively impact patient care."
Filed Under: Orthopedics Tagged With: joints, knee, orthopedics
Older Adults Can Recover Well from Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery (ACL)
Today, older adults are staying active much longer, making them susceptible to injuries—especially vulnerable to tearing their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).
A new study presented today at the 75th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, found that these active baby boomers who undergo ACL surgery are about as likely to return to pre-injury levels of activity as much younger people. These findings have led researchers to conclude that age itself should not be a factor when determining candidates for the increasingly common knee-ligament surgery.
"Twenty years ago we did not see older patients being so active later in life. ACL surgery was rarely considered for people in their 40s and 50s," said Diane Dahm, MD, assistant professor of orthopaedic surgery at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota."Older patients today want to continue to run, play basketball and be active late into life, so they need a level of knee stability that will support an active lifestyle."
The study followed the recovery of 34 patients aged 50 to 66 for an average of 48 months between 1990 and 2002 following ACL surgery at the Mayo Clinic. Patients with injuries to multiple knee ligaments were excluded.
The study found that after ACL surgery:
83 percent were rated as normal or near-normal
83 percent returned to playing sports
patients went from 4.3 before surgery to 8.3 postoperatively on the UCLA ( University of California at Los Angeles), activity score
five of the 34 patients required additional knee surgery
"Today's active baby boomers are pushing the envelope for when people are considered to be too old for ACL surgery," concluded Dr. Dahm."When considering candidates for ACL surgery, people's fitness levels and their desire to return to an active lifestyle should be taken into account rather than looking at age."
The ACL is one of the most commonly injured ligaments of the knee. The incidence of ACL injuries is currently estimated at approximately 200,000 annually, with 100,000 ACL reconstructions performed each year. In general, the incidence of ACL injury is higher in people who participate in high-risk sports, such as basketball, football, skiing and soccer.
Filed Under: Orthopedics Tagged With: ACL, anterior cruciate ligament, geriatrics, seniors
Fractured Shoulder May Lead to Higher Incidence of Broken Hip in Older Women
Older women who suffer a broken shoulder (proximal humerus fracture) have a high risk for also breaking a hip within a year after the shoulder injury.
A new study presented today at the 75th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthpaedic Surgeons (AAOS), found that after a shoulder fracture a woman's risk of fracturing a hip within the following year was five times greater. The risk decreased after the first year but still remained elevated.
Understanding the connection between these injuries is important to preventing hip fractures. Hip fractures account for more than 350,000 hospital admissions in the United States and more than 60,000 nursing home admissions each year. Women have greater risk because of their higher susceptibility to osteoporosis.
Statistics show:
about 70 percent of hip fracture patients are women
more than 4 percent of hip fracture patients die during their initial hospitalization
24 percent die within a year of the injury
about half of women who sustain hip fractures lose the ability to walk independently
Preventing hip fracture poses s a significant quality-of-life issue. "Earlier studies have shown that there is an increased risk of hip fracture after a proximal humerus fracture, but our study found that there is a defined window of time in which the risk is much greater than previously thought. Additionally, other research has shown that interventions within the first three months can reduce the risk of subsequent fractures," said Jeremiah Clinton, MD, co-author of the study and acting clinical instructor at the University of Washington, Department of Orthopaedics. "If we maximize our hip-fracture prevention efforts up front, we may have a much better chance of helping the patient avoid a life-changing and potentially life-ending injury."
The study followed a group of older, Caucasian women for nearly 10 years and found that, while 8 percent of women who did not break a shoulder suffered hip fractures, approximately 14 percent of those who suffered a shoulder fracture later sustained a hip fracture.
The strongest risk factors for hip fracture were age and hip bone mineral density. Other factors included:
self-reported health status
height at 25 years of age
history of recent falls
impaired depth perception
history of prior fractures
Even when controlling these factors, the researchers still found the increased risk for hip fracture in the first year after a proximal humerus fracture. The reasons for the connection between humerus fracture and hip fracture are still unclear. "It may be associated medical problems, limited use of the injured shoulder, or there could be something about the treatment for the first fracture, such as narcotic pain medications, which could have caused the patient to fall and break a hip," Dr. Clinton said. "Now that we are aware of the relationship between these types of fractures, we can take precautions, intervene early and hopefully help to prevent some hip fractures from occurring."
Filed Under: Orthopedics Tagged With: geriatrics, hip, seniors, women's health


text:
Q: ActiveModel::Serializers JSON API nested associations needs to include a value I have an Rails 7 API and i'm using gem 'active_model_serializers', '~> 0.10.0' to make het fit in the json_api requirements, but i need to in the nested attributes of my items include the name, not only the id and type, i tried many things i found in the internet, but none of them solved this for my, and i'm hoping someone here could.
my products_controller.rb
class ProductsController < ApplicationController

  include ActionController::HttpAuthentication::Token::ControllerMethods
  before_action :authenticate

  include ErrorSerializer

  before_action :set_product, only: %i[ show update destroy ]

  # GET /products
  def index
    page_number = params[:page].try(:[], :number)
    per_page = params[:page].try(:[], :size)

    @products = Product.all.page(page_number).per(per_page)

    # paginate json: @products
    render json: @products, show_category: (param? params[:category]), show_unit: (param? params[:unit])
  end

  def all
    @products = Product.all

    render json: @products
  end

  # GET /products/1
  def show
    render json: @product
  end

#The rest of crud options

  private
    # Use callbacks to share common setup or constraints between actions.
    def set_product
      @product = Product.find(params[:id])
    end

    # Only allow a list of trusted parameters through.
    def product_params
      params.require(:product).permit(:name, :description, :quantity_in_stock, :price, :highlight, :category_id, :unit_id)
    end

    def authenticate
      authenticate_or_request_with_http_token do |token, options|
        hmac_secret = ENV['TOKEN']
        JWT.decode token, hmac_secret, true, { :algorithm => 'HS256' }
      end
    end
end

my product_serializer
class ProductSerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer
  attributes :id, :name, :description, :quantity_in_stock, :price, :highlight

  belongs_to :category, optional: true
  belongs_to :unit, optional: true

  def should_render_category
    @instance_options[:show_category]
  end
  def should_render_unit
    @instance_options[:show_unit]
  end
end

my unit_serializer:
class UnitSerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer
  attributes :id, :name

  has_many :products, optional: true
end

my category_serializer:
class CategorySerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer
  attributes :id, :name

  has_many :products, optional: true
end

and my application_controller:
class ApplicationController < ActionController::API
  before_action :ensure_json_request

  def param? param

    param && param != "false" && param != "nil"

  end

  def ensure_json_request
    unless request.headers["Accept"] =~ /vnd\.api\+json/
      render body: nil, :status => 406
    else
      unless request.get?
        return if request.headers["Content-Type"] =~ /vnd\.api\+json/
        render body: nil, :status => 415
      end
    end
  end
end

And my actual response:
{
            "id": "1",
            "type": "products",
            "attributes": {
                "name": "Lightweight Iron Keyboard",
                "description": "Sit quas ipsa. Animi non omnis. Eveniet et quidem.",
                "quantity-in-stock": 99,
                "price": 27.88,
                "highlight": false
            },
            "relationships": {
                "category": {
                    "data": {
                        "id": "4",
                        "type": "categories"
                    }
                },
                "unit": {
                    "data": {
                        "id": "2",
                        "type": "units"
                    }
                }
            }
        }

A: As mentioned by comments, you should look for alternatives as this gem is no longer maintained
Regarding your question, docs says about specifying serializer
So to modify:
class ProductSerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer
  # ...

  belongs_to :category, optional: true, serializer: MyCategorySerializer
  # ...

class MyCategorySerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer
  attributes :id, :name, :type
end

and do the same way for UnitSerializer it should work smoothly.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Don't you love eureka moments?
Those Ah-ha moments when the light bulb in your head flashes?
Me too! I love it when I figure out something.
After reading a post Do You Write Like a Reader by Glenn Mori over at Flash Fiction Chronicles, I had just such an epiphany.
Ah-ha #1: Too many times I fail to remain in the skin of my characters. To look around and describe what is happening through their eyes. I often worry about overwriting. About my story looking as though a kid marked the paragraphs with a purple magic marker. One excellent writer who gets into the skin of her characters, without flowering it with purple prose, is Sheila Good over at Cow Pasture Chronicles. And I'm not biased just because she's my sister.
Ah-ha #2: Like Mr. Mori, I read between the lines when I proof my document. Instead of seeing what's written, I re-experience what I was thinking when I wrote it. We all must remember, we want our readers to get into the head of our characters. The readers can't reside in ours.
Ah-ha #3: I write like I read. While that is not always a bad thing, for me it can be when I'm squeamish. For instance, if a scene in a book is uncomfortable or too stressful, I'll skim read to get through the tough parts. But it's not good to skim write. Our readers need to experience the high tension or drama of our characters. They need to feel the character's pain and fear. Not assume.
Ah-ha #4: I need to make sure I'm communicating what I'm thinking. Sometimes the meaning of the words written are misconstrued. After all, the reader can't read my mind. So it's important to write what you mean.
Remain in the skin of a character. Use their senses. Look around and describe where the character is or what is happening through their eyes. Is he/she bored, afraid, cold, hot, happy, or sad? Are they with someone or alone? Sitting still or moving about? Well, you get the idea.
Share your paragraph in the comments section.
My hands shook like someone with palsy. I grasp the key and twisted. The grinding set my teeth on edge. Throw in the smell of burning oil and I was ready for full-on hair-pulling panic attack. Damn it to hell this wasn't the place nor the time for a breakdown. Tears spilled down my cheek and I cussed the useless cell phone lying on the passenger seat. So much for the "the most reliable network plan." A monster truck whizzed past, and I shrieked like an eight-year-old little girl when my knee slammed against the steering wheel. Things were going from bad to worse. In search of an umbrella, I dug under the seats, throwing empty wrappers and lost shoes to the back. Walk or wait, either way I was road kill.
Previous Do you practice as you learn?
I took few mincing steps forward and freed my callused hand of a large valise. The nocturnal scent of temple trees, the jacarandas blooming in a vainglorious attempt to match the color of your eyes, the touch of your hair–these were the pieces of a jigsaw would never be.
Beautiful! I could see the jigsaw.
Love these moments! Usually for me after coffee!
I have tagged you into a post tomorrow – hope you don't mind.
Not at all, I'm flattered. Thank you.
My latest moments (ever since those commercials I can't call them that anymore!) I have been trying to get more memories out of characters without full on flashbacks 🙂 Because memories help make them real!
Yes, memories are tricky to write. Good point about making the characters real.


text:
Search Query: 'airplanes' : 2161 Clips
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DC-10 JETLINER - HD
On February 28, 1972, McDonnell Douglas debuts its new DC-10, Series 20 jetliner. Note: Mastered currently in DVC PRO HD 16 x 9 from film. Available in all HD and SD 4:3 formats.
Date: February 28, 1972 - COLOR
Source: Film: 16P
HD: $99 - SD: $79 - Web (320): $49
Similar: American, Americans, United States, aviation history, McDonnell Douglas, Series 20, commercial, widebody, wide-body, wide body
DC-10 JETLINER - 2 - HD
AVIATION WORKER - HD
An aviation worker directs an unseen airplane to back up. Note: Mastered currently in DVC PRO HD 16 x 9 from film. Available in all HD and SD 4:3 formats.
Similar: American, Americans, United States, avaition, airport, airports, runway, runways, tarmac, tarmacs, airplane, airplanes, plane
On February 28, 1972, the McDonnell Douglas DC-10, Series 20 jetliner departs on its maiden flight. Note: Mastered currently in DVC PRO HD 16 x 9 from film. Available in all HD and SD 4:3 formats.
PAN AIRPORT - HD
Fast pan of stationary airplanes at an unidentified airport. Note: Mastered currently in DVC PRO HD � 16 x 9 from film. Available in all HD and SD 4:3 formats.
Similar: American , Americans, United States, airport, airports, commercial, airplane, airplanes, plane, planes, aircraft, aeroplane, aeroplanes
WOMAN TOURS COMMERCIAL AIRLINERS - HD
Accompanied by a bevy of flight attendants, an unknown beauty receives a private tour of commercial airliners. Note: Mastered currently in DVC PRO HD � 16 x 9 from film. Available in all HD and SD 4:3 formats.
Date: 1950 - BLACK/WHITE
Similar: American, Americans, United States, commercial, Southwest, airlines, airline, airway, airways, airplane, airplanes, aeroplane, aeroplanes
OPERATION SKYSHIELD GROUNDS COMMERICIAL AIRCRAFT
Operation Skyshield closes all U.S. airports to test NORAD defenses against a Soviet air attack.
Length: 00:00:50:00, With Audio
Similar: American, Americans, United States, Air Force, test, tests, testing, NORAD, defense, defenses, defensive
AIR SHOW - RUSSIA
In Russia, an air show includes a model of Gagarin's space capsule, a fly-by of the delta wing bomber, and aerobatics.
Similar: Russia, Soviet Union, USSR, Soviets, Russian, Russians, Aviation Day, air show, shows, display, displays, exhibition, exhibitions, aerobatic
WOMAN FRATERNIZES WITH STEWARDESSES - HD
An unknown woman fraternizes with United Airlines stewardesses. She tries on their hat and peers out the pilot's window. Note: Mastered currently in DVC PRO HD � 16 x 9 from film. Available in all HD and SD 4:3 formats.
Similar: American, Americans, United States, commercial, airlines, airline, airway, airways, airplane, airplanes, aeroplane, aeroplanes, plane
B-47 FLIES BY REMOTE CONTROL
The United States Air Forces flies a B-47 bomber via remote control.
Similar: American, Americans, United States, Air Force, defense, defensive, defence, defencive, weapon, weapons, weaponry , development, developments


Amuse - scallop mouse with uni and ginger vinnagrette Appetizer - Alsatian tart (carrot caramilized onions and Munster quiche like tart - thin slice with a micro green salad.
Paul made the kiwi sorbet a few days ahead.
He also made the Gorgonzola Ice Cream ahead of time.
The rabbit legs have been rubbed down with the marinade.
Saturday morning the cooking started in earnest.
Eric is in his domain.
Chris and Andre discuss the plan.
Chris is trimming the tenderloin.
And carefully cutting them in half.
Johnny works on dicing the turnips.
Let's heat up a little wine.
Doug checks out the micro-greens.
This is the start of the dough for the dessert tarts. Butter and flour rubbed to a fine crumb.
The tart shells are ready to be chilled for a while.
Now Chris is dicing the beef for the tartare.
The rabbit confit has been in the oven for a few hours.
Paul is making the candied bacon for the dessert.
The Alsatian tart filling is getting this.
Bay scallops ready to be pureed.
Lynn and Angela are working on the table decorations.
Scallop Mouse will soon be baked.
The rabbit is done to perfection.
Dessert tart shells have been baked off.
And then the poached pears are sliced and layerd on top.
A half hour later they are beautiful.
The Alsatian tarts are also ready.
Lynn and Kira take a break from the decorations.
They did a great job. Thank you ladies.
The scallops team is ready to serve.
Efrain gets the party started.
The Alsatian Tart is coming out.
Appetizer - Alsatian tart (carrot caramilized onions and Munster quiche like tart - thin slice with a micro green salad.
Efrain had a nice white to go with the tart.
The steak tartare is coming out.
Doug recalled how it all came together.
This is the Kiddie Keep Well Camp table.
Chris told us about making the tartare.
Efrain had a nice Shiraz to go with it.
Paul told us about the intermezzo.
Back in the kitchen the rabbit is coming out.
Eric discussed the rabbit confit.
While the crowd looked on.
This time he had a nice Zin.
Candied bacon is ready to be chopped.
Paul and Don do the job.
Andre cut up the tarts.
Andre oversees the dessert service.
Paul and Doug made quick service of the dessert.
Dessert - Pear Tart Tatin with Gorgonzola ice Cream and Candied Bacon.
Johnny has become the Port maven.
Tom get the last word. Thanks to all who made this another great LesM Valentines Dinner.


text:
RADAR HONES IN ON CHRONICLES
[ November 21st 2000 ]
Almost a week following the release of Eidos Interactive's fifth Tomb Raider Chronicles, game fans across the map have had heads down frantically toying Lara Croft through four new flashback levels, noting the graphical, architectural and mechanical improvements Core Design's Adrian Smith boasted prior to it's release. Feedback from gamers and online magazines has been mixed, and one resource not pulling any punches is Daily Radar, who do not seem overly impressed with Chronicles. (their review here)
Were it not for the Tomb Raider trappings, we'd have easily passed this game off as yet another spin-off of a certifiable classic. As it is, the increasingly anaemic additions and improvements to the game's rusty engine don't do the series justice. Does it play as well as its latest predecessor? Sure -- but that's not saying much. In a recent interview, a member of the design team addressed next-gen development by stating that " it's extremely hard to keep re-inventing the wheel." - We couldn't agree more.
Another point raised in the article was the concentration by designers to improve character animation while ignoring incidental and environmental elements like the sky. Tomb Raider Chronicles will be perceived differently by each camp, and some wonder whether or not such bias against any game not using a Quake hybrid makes for unconditional opinion. Daily Radar has in any event set the opinion ball rolling, and it won't be long before others roll out theirs.


Since starting the AIP diet, everyone keeps asking me, "what the heck do you actually eat???" I've had to eliminate SO many of my staples – everything from black pepper, baking powder, and curry to bell peppers and tomatoes…and the obvious nuts and grains. My diet over these last two weeks have consisted of A LOT of fresh fruits and veggies. It can definitely get repetitive and old, which forces you to buy produce you don't always eat and to get creative with meals. It's also hard because you get conflicting info on the Internet as to what foods you can and can't eat.
Sautéed kale (oil-free) topped with half of an avocado, nutritional yeast, and a sprinkle of Himalayan salt.
12 oz smoothie >> 1.5 frozen bananas, 1/2 cup frozen blueberries, 1 teaspoon maca, 1 teaspoon carob, 1 teaspoon mesquite powder, water and a splash of coconut milk to blend.
1 Persian cucumber and half of an avocado topped with garlic, Himalayan salt, nutritional yeast, and fresh basil.
Sliced apple, blueberries, and Ceylon cinnamon in a coconut paleo wrap. Also munched on a donut…working on trials for a grain-free recipe that's also oil-free…holy tricky!! Haha!
Sautéed kale + onions (oil-free; used mushroom broth), crispy sweet potato fries, and roasted brussels + broccoli with an AIP friendly cheese sauce…needs another trial, but I'll share when I get it figured out!
Banana-yam cakes with blueberries and pears (recipe courtesy of my cousin). Uses banana flour and a lot of cinnamon. You can either fry them in coconut oil for a yummy crispy exterior or bake them oil-free…both ways are delicious.
This is so interesting Mandy! How long do you have to eat this way? Is it working to heal you? Will you be able to/want to eat the way you used to? No matter what, I'm so happy you have discovered a way back to feeling better!
My sweet friend! I haven't felt this good in a loooooong time! I'm happier, more energy, and my gut feels way better than it has in months. My naturopath told me to limit my fruit to one piece a day and see how I feel with limiting or eliminating nuts/seeds…other than that, following this specific diet has been a way for me to follow my gut and get more in tune. In doing this, I've even pinpointed which veggies are causing problems for me! If you're following the AIP pretty strictly, they say for best results to do it for 30 days and then slowly reintroduce foods. I'd like to do it for the full 30, but might cut it short with our trip next week. But we'll see! I have a feeling certain grains were causing me issues, along with nuts, so I'll probably have to either limit my consumption or avoid – I'll have to play around. Thank you SO much!!! I'm happy too ☺😘😘 love you!
Oh man, I am so happy this works for you but I think I would literally die. LOL!! I have tried periods, very small ones, without grains and carbs like pasta etc, and my body just shuts down. I need those things or I crumble! It's so interesting how different we all are and the main point is that you do what's best for you! Really happy though that you feel so great. Keep rocking it!
Wow my hats off to you for eating this way! I'm Vegan/Plant-Based and love all the food I can eat. This would stress me out lol. Hope your feeling better and can soon start adding more foods to your diet.
I shared a pretty bland, green day 😂 but wanted to get a post up before next week. Those coconut wraps are SO good! Willow even eats them…with mashed avocado. I make salad wraps with them too – but what's really good is baked or sautéed apples with cinnamon and coconut butter. Yum! I think I eat a bit too much kale, but my body has been craving that and all the other greens. I'd be lost without nutritional yeast right now 😂 I sprinkle it on everything!
Looks good to me! I might need more than 2 snacks to get me through the day, but yum to all that avocado!! Kudos to you for sticking with it! Sounds like it's working!
Wow, Mandy!! That is a TON of food you can't eat. I'm so very happy you are feeling better, that is most important. It honestly just seems like there isn't much left, lol. I am not a fruit eater so I would likely wither away and die, bahaha! I eat a lot of rice and beans, they satisfy me and fill me up and of course nuts, but then again, I don't have any issues with any of them. I've never had gut issues so I can't even begin to relate. All I can do is say you are amazing for doing it and hopefully over time you can reintroduce some of the foods you love and pin point more closely what you can and can't have to feel your best! That is what is so important!!


A gorgeous carved ball, detailed with a number of small yet sparkly crystal rhinestones, dangles from a chain attached to a crystal stud earring.
Made with zinc alloy and plated in your choice of 18K Rose Gold or Silver, these earrings maximizes movement and creates a point of attraction while it sways from your ears. Definitely something worthy of adding to your collection!
Materials: Zinc alloy plated with 18K Rose Gold or Silver, crystal rhinestones.
Colours available: Silver or Rose Gold.


Sheila has been helping her community for 15 years and up until her brush with cancer five years ago had been volunteering 6 evenings a week and at least 4 mornings before heading off to her paid employment. Whatever the day or hour, if there is a person who is in trouble, homeless or vulnerable, in need of an advocate to represent them to local Councillors and services or just in need of a friendly non judgmental ear, Sheila is there for them. In the last two years she has reduced her volunteering hours to two evenings & mornings in the Resource centre but those that know her will say that she is always available to those in need in the community.
It is hard to quantify the amount of people she has helped over the years. She is a very kind person and has a great way with people. She will always put others first.
Currently she organises two nights of the Foodcloud deliveries to over 160 families who text in if they wish to receive a delivery 6 nights a week. Sheila receives the texts and then gathers the food from Tesco & Aldi & other donations from local growers & suppliers. The food is then divided and sorted to family/individual portions according to need by Sheila & her team of volunteers. Finally the boxes are sorted into routes for volunteer drivers to deliver. Along with the food, Sheila also identifies other needs and delivers clothes, bedding, furniture & toys to those that need it most. Sheila also manages the resource centre during the day and looks after a ladies knitting group, a men's mental health group and is regularly called by other services in the community if someone presents as homeless out of hours.
A couple of years ago Sheila nominated her volunteer colleague, Hilary Sharpe for this award which she went on to win. Both of them were so proud to bring the award to Arklow.
She never turns anyone away and believes in helping all those that are powerless and in trouble. Sheila left school early to work and only in the last 15 years after raising her kids, went back to school and got her Diploma in Youth & Community Work followed by an Addiction Studies qualification. She developed thyroid cancer 5 years ago and 6 weeks after surgery was back at the centre and out doing food drops. She has 4 kids and 3 grandkids, a husband, 2 cats & three dogs that keep her busy the rest of the time. When she sees an issue in the community she will try to highlight it to those that have the power and resources to change things and if possible, try and do something about it in the centre. She has had a lot of struggles in life and always believes that out of negative there will come a positive. This way of thinking has got her through the tough times and made her the person she is today.


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Can You Hear a Penguin Fart on Mars? (And Other Excellent Questions)
February 17, 2022 February 17, 2022 / Best Children's Graphic Novels, Best Children's Nonfiction, Best New Books, Elem. Graphic Novels, Elem. Nonfiction
Jop and Blip Wanna Know, #1
Written and Illustrated by Jim Benton
This is a fun way for young kids to learn about odd information. Most of it is silly facts, but that is what appeals to kids, so I think they will like it. It is too simple for older students. I liked the illustrations. It is a quick read.
Reviewed by Jensen Edmunds, Student, Jim Bridger Elementary
Review shared in 01/07/2022
Jop and Blip Wanna Know #1: Can You Hear a Penguin Fart on Mars? And Other Excellent Questions
HarperAlley, an imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers
2021 Children's Graphic Novels, 2021 Children's Nonfiction, Critical Thinking, Jensen Edmunds, Jim Benton, Logic, Miscellanea, Questions and Answers, Student Reviews
Escape at 10,000 Feet Science Comics The Way of the Hive 100 Most Disgusting Things on the Planet


This Saturday will be an introduction to my Healing Heart Workshop. In October and November I will be teaching this 4 week course. If you want to get a preview for this very important workshop email me by tomorrow noon to get in.
thememoircoach@gmail.com is how you can reach me. The workshop is Saturday at Heritage Palms Country Club from 10am – 2pm.
The price is $65.00 which includes a delicious lunch.
Hope you can join us for this workshop!


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Home / Europe / Northern Europe / Denmark / Copenhagen
Copenhagen Weather August Averages, Denmark
Temperature 16.5°C 62°F
Sea Temperature 17.8°C 64°F
Copenhagen Weather for August 2020
August Averages
Tenerife 57738
Mauritius 55186
Sydney 47796
Dubrovnik 43694
Phuket 38835
Goa 36864
Majorca 35989
What's the Weather Like in Copenhagen in August
August is the last month of summer and also brings with it the last of the warmest weather. Following this month, temperatures will begin their slow slide to the coldest conditions of the year. However, this is still a great time to travel to Copenhagen and experience cooler conditions than much of Europe is seeing at the same time. Do keep in mind, however, that many people will have the same idea and prices will be a little higher as a result.
With the same average daily temperature as July, this month is just slightly cooler in terms of the average overnight low. Down a degree from the previous month, the average overnight low will fall to 12°C (54°F). However, the afternoons are still some of the warmest of the year with highs climbing to an average of 21°C (70°F). Combined with a nice breeze, these afternoons are very pleasant and perfect for exploring the outdoor sights in the city. Overall, the average daily temperature is a mild 17°C (63°F).
Average Sunshine Hours and Sea Temperature
Water temperatures are also very pleasant with temperatures averaging 18°C (64°F). In addition to being able to take advantage of the warmer waters, visitors can also soak up the sun. Overall, the region experiences an average of 12 hours of sunshine per day.
Rainfall continues to plague the area with an average of 60mm of precipitation expected. However, this precipitation will be in the liquid form with no chance of freezing temperatures. Some of the rain will be heavy at times with an average of 16 days of the month experiencing rainfall. As a result, visitors will need to check the extended forecast in order to make sure they have the right amount of rain gear with them in order to stay dry and enjoy the city for the length of their visit.
Copenhagen Hotels in August
Avenue Hotel Copenhagen
With a string of prestigious awards to its name, Avenue Hotel Copenhagen will please even the most pernickety of travellers. Located in a handsome 19th century townhouse, this upscale hotel offers a brilliant blend of old and new. Guests are welcome to make use of the free Wi-Fi, bike rentals, a breakfast buffet, patio lounge and bar.
Bertrams Guldsmeden Copenhagen
Located in the heart of the city, Bertrams Guldsmeden Copenhagen offers a quiet oasis away from all the hustle and bustle. With its own garden terrace, the hotel provides the ideal spot to relax during the afternoons and evenings. Each of its rooms are tastefully furnished to a high spec and there's a big emphasis on sustainable living here. Guests are encouraged to make use of the bike rental facilities.
Adina Apartment Hotel Copenhagen
For those who need more room than a standard hotel offers, check out the Adina Apartment Hotel Copenhagen. Located just minutes away from the centre of the city, there are several different room styles available, catering to a whole range of different requirements. Amenities include a washer and dryer in each apartment, laundry service, babysitter service, car rental and more.
Frederiks Have
Situated in the district of Frederiksberg, Frederiks Have is the place to go if you're seeking gourmet food at reasonable prices. With a big focus on Nordic dining, much of the menu reflects the Scandinavian origins of the chefs and it changes throughout the seasons in accordance to sustainability and availability of fresh ingredients. Ring ahead to secure a table before you dine.
One of Copenhagen's most exclusive dining locations, The Standard occupies a former ferry terminal on the waterfront and houses two gourmet restaurants; Studio is one of these, and is favoured for its high-end menu that emphasizes Nordic flavours and haute cuisine. Enjoy the views of the city's harbour while you savour the flavours of this Michelin-star eatery; just remember to book in advance, as the place fills up during the summer months.
For one of the finest Italian dining experiences in town, head to La Vita E Bella. This friendly establishment has managed to maintain its intimate vibe, despite its growing popularity, and serves a range of appetizers, main courses and desserts to exceptional standards. As you can expect, there's a fine range of wines to choose from and they're well matched to the food on offer.
With comfy couches, panelled wood furnishings and artisan cocktails, Vesterbro's 1656 definitely stands as one of the city's best evening bars. Innovation is the name of the game here and the cocktail menu changes throughout the year in accordance with the seasons. If you're unsure of what to opt for, the bar's attentive staff will be happy to assist you.
Things to do in Copenhagen in August
National Museum of Denmark
Delve into Danish history and heritage at the National Museum of Denmark, which spans from the Stone Age through to the present day through its impressive exhibits and collections. Many of the museum's collections are permanent and there's a large ethnographic collection, including a toy museum, a coin and medal collection, along with a range of Viking and Norse artefacts. The museum is also home to the Victorian apartment Klunkehjemmet, which will really make visitors feel as if they've stepped into the past.
Another attraction which merits a visit is the recently-opened Danish Jewish Museum, which charts 400 years of Jewish life in Denmark. Rather than focussing on the Holocaust and other atrocities of World War 2, the museum tells the remarkable story of the 7,000 Danish Jews who were successfully transported to Sweden in 1943 and thus spared from their deaths.
ARKEN Museum for Modern Art
Aficionados of modern art should make the journey south west of Copenhagen to Ishoej, which is home to the ARKEN Museum for Modern Art. Nestled in the artificial landscape of Koege Bay Beach, the museum building is said to resemble a stranded ship and is an attraction in its own right. The museum houses the very best of contemporary Nordic and Northern European art and hosts a range of events and exhibits across the year.
Harbour Bath Islands Brygge
Open only during the summer months, Harbour Bath Islands Brygge is the perfect place to cool off in the heat of the day. With a total of five pools, there is plenty of room for everyone and there are two pools that are reserved exclusively for children. The pools have lifeguards on duty and there is also room for ball games, sun bathing and picnics.
Copenhagen Pride
Across nine days in August Copenhagen celebrates the Copenhagen Pride and the hosts are the LGBT communities who line up fun events. The culmination of the festivities is the Gay Pride Parade which attracts thousands of spectators and participants from all over the world. As early as 1933, Denmark legalized homosexuality and is known for being one of the most progressive and liberal societies in the world.
Copenhagen IMAGES
Copenhagen Weather Now
Copenhagen 25 DAY FORECAST
Copenhagen Holiday Reviews
Copenhagen Annual Averages


This is a site for sharing resources for the healthcare simulation centres in the South London area. As a group we are bound by an ethos of excellence and a code of conduct which promotes inter-professional learning through mutual respect.
Please be prepared to provide us with the following: your name, email adr and mobile contact no, your simulation background / experience.


Retailers across the UK are supporting Fairtrade Fortnight with a range of in store offers. Award-winning Chilean Fairtrade wine producer Equality by Las Lomas will be included in a number of in store promotions.
Since their launch in 2006 the wines have earned some impressive awards, including a gold medal in the International Wine Challenge, trophy for Best Fairtrade White Wine inthe first ever Fairtrade Wine Competition in 2007 and an award for Best Value Chilean White in the competition last year.


Digital tomosynthesis (DT) is found to be a fine method to assess the radiographic changes in gout patients. But the further researches are required to apply DT to actual clinical settings. Chronic gout is characterized by typical radiographic changes, which were earlier detected by radiographic diagnostic techniques like plain radiography, and computed tomography (CT). But a new technology digital tomosynthesis (DT) has come up with some promising results.
A study was conducted recently to compare DT, CT and plain radiography to evaluate changes in feet of patients with chronic gouty arthritis.
For this, two independent radiologists studied all the plain radiography, DT, and CT images of 30 male patients having gout. The Sharp-van der Heijde scoring method was used for scoring the degrees of erosion and joint space narrowing in 18-foot joints. These joints were four proximal interphalangeal and one interphalangeal joint of the first toe, five metatarsophalangeal, five tarsometatarsal, and three naviculo-cuneiform joints of the foot.
The results revealed that high reproducibility [0.929 for intraobserver intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and 0.838 for interobserver ICC] was shown by DT. DT showed similar results to those of CT but its results came out to be superior to those of plain radiography for evaluating the radiographic damage. This suggests the probability of applying DT to actual clinical settings after more researches.
Chang-Nam Son, Yoonah Song .et al.
Diagnostic, Gout, Feet, Ankles, Chronic, Digital tomosynthesis, Radiography, Computed tomography.


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Game Scores - MENS WORLD LEAGUE - WEST
Monday, June 14, 2021 FRANK SINATRA PARK - NORTH
7:30 pm CFC - BLACK 8
Black Cats 4
Wednesday, June 16, 2021 1600 PARK AVE
7:30 pm No Pirlo No Party 10
Hullford Chebs 5
Thursday, June 17, 2021 FRANK SINATRA PARK - SOUTH
9:10 pm CFC - RED 1
Driftwood FC 2
Wednesday, June 23, 2021 FRANK SINATRA PARK - NORTH
8:20 pm Driftwood FC 1
No Pirlo No Party 3
Thursday, June 24, 2021 FRANK SINATRA PARK - NORTH
8:20 pm Hullford Chebs 6
Desportiva Sociedad 1
9:10 pm Black Cats 1
CFC - RED 9
Monday, July 12, 2021 FRANK SINATRA PARK - NORTH
7:30 pm Desportiva Sociedad 1
CFC - BLACK 4
Wednesday, July 14, 2021 1600 PARK AVE
Thursday, July 15, 2021 1600 PARK AVE
10:00 pm Driftwood FC 0
Thursday, July 15, 2021 FRANK SINATRA PARK - SOUTH
Thursday, July 22, 2021 FRANK SINATRA PARK - NORTH
Monday, July 26, 2021 1600 PARK AVE
10:00 pm Desportiva Sociedad 3
Driftwood FC 10
Monday, July 26, 2021 FRANK SINATRA PARK - SOUTH
10:00 pm No Pirlo No Party 5
Wednesday, July 28, 2021 FRANK SINATRA PARK - NORTH
Wednesday, July 28, 2021 FRANK SINATRA PARK - SOUTH
No Pirlo No Party 10
Monday, August 2, 2021 FRANK SINATRA PARK - NORTH
Tuesday, August 3, 2021 FRANK SINATRA PARK - NORTH
Wednesday, August 4, 2021 FRANK SINATRA PARK - NORTH
10:00 pm CFC - BLACK 5
Monday, August 9, 2021 1600 PARK AVE
Tuesday, August 10, 2021 1600 PARK AVE
Wednesday, August 11, 2021 FRANK SINATRA PARK - SOUTH
Thursday, August 12, 2021 FRANK SINATRA PARK - NORTH
Thursday, August 12, 2021 FRANK SINATRA PARK - SOUTH
Monday, August 16, 2021 FRANK SINATRA PARK - SOUTH
8:20 pm No Pirlo No Party 5
Tuesday, August 17, 2021 FRANK SINATRA PARK - NORTH
Wednesday, August 18, 2021 FRANK SINATRA PARK - NORTH


James Horatio, was born on 26th March 1819 in Diss the eldest son of William Bobby. He was baptised at the Wesleyan Methodist Chapel as were his brothers and sisters. James Horatio was apprenticed to his father, as a draper, and in 1841 he was still living at home. He was married in 1844 to Mary Anne Barkham and by 1851 they had four children and he taken over his father William's business in Half Moon Street where 'Rooms with a View' now trades.
His first wife died in 1870 and he married Anne Kent of Roydon in 1872. James Horatio remained largely a draper and then branched out into 'fancy' and household goods including carpets and bedding as well as the latest 'novelties' from London.
By the 1880s he was also selling millinery, hosiery and women's readymade clothes.
Although baptised a Methodist James Horatio seems to have followed a more respectable path. In 1890 he was a Churchwarden in Roydon, where he had lived in 'The Poplars' from at least the 1880s while his daughter was married in Roydon Parish Church in the same year. He died in 1903 in Roydon. He was also a Freemason.