If you are contemplating applying for an internship, however, you are unsure whether a program is most effective for you, have a peek at our critiques. Wondering how to write If you are trying to find a internship or will need to learn more London offers, mind with their own site. Internships and volunteer work outside the class room reveals admissions officials exactly what you are considering and that you're eager to work hard and encourage a staff.
Every graduate is fighting their CV. Specially if you are a graduate you are able to create your instruction that the big gain by producing it focused to your project! Scholars acquire their very initial CVs wrong. What most fresh scholars do not know is that specialist experience's deficiency isn't a challenge at all specially if you're searching for an entry position location. They often fret about finding work due to their lack of job knowledge. Do not hesitate to go out there and compete together with individuals who've pro experiences if you are a fresh graduate. In the centerfield of that which, currently being a college graduate is regarded as Over the requirements of a expert environment.
So don't be concerned if your CV looks different from others you have viewed no necessary format, and there's. You necessitate a CV format which is OPTIMIZED for the recruitment system. You'll find various formats of CV.
It is important to get yourself a special resume depicting your project specifics, In making effect on the recruiter. A resume cover letter case for people that are trying work in airport. Remember there is absolutely no rationale not to attempt to employ. For instance, you may be asking for work in a lively job setting. Once you are currently requesting to get a particular endeavor, you are going to have the time to re install the CV to fit company and that job. Something about the existing job and also the company information, if any, need to get mentioned.
Your CV supplies a synopsis of what exactly you have to provide an organization and that which you have. Make sure there is evidence everywhere in the CV for almost any claims you're making. Even the skills-based CV allows one to center around the relevant skills you might have developed in lots of parts of your own life.
Make sure that your CV symbolizes YOU! Make certain your CV conveys this. It's quite essential to organize your CV prior to starting writing it. You needs to say your CV and covering correspondence are all attached. Your CV is simple readable and to scan through'. CVs are meant for an extremely special crowd. Picking the CV out to highlight experiences and your own abilities is vital.
Additionally, there certainly are a number of CVs utilised within the great britain now and despite it is correct that you have the ability to own different formats of CV, in addition you needs to take into account the sort of job that you're applying for, and the firm's civilization, your experience along with the way you wish to offer to your employer. A CV can change to a number of the pages from 2 pages. Your CV will not allow you to get a project, but nevertheless, it may provide you a much greater probability of receiving an interview. A graduate CV ought to really be pretty brief. Assembling the right CV may look like a job, but this really is. It is necessary to stay in mind the the trick to producing fantastic CVs as opposed to just excellent ones is to make them as achievement-based as you can.
Make an extensive collection of this advice which you'll want to comprise, as a way to Maximize your CV, and put it to use. Your CV can be a crucial door-opener, and thus don't overlook its importance. Whereas the CV will frequently receive ignored A CV can get you tons of interviews and responses. In case you have not already composed an instructional CV, today's the period in your livelihood to accomplish this.
Tailoring your CV is important and so the further effort which you put into it the higher. What you are hoping to get is that your CV is what they really desire at one of the most appropriate moment. The CV is perfect for academic or healthcare careers and is a whole lot more extensive. Your CV must scream that you're the best candidate for your own company. Creating your own initially CV right immediately after graduating can be tricky, especially if you are hunting for your own first professional position. Thus, it really is important that your application consist of a solid CV.
You'd like to modify your own job nature. The fact isit was performed out. It is which you need not go all out when it has to do with free-lancing. Regardless of what you're doing always seek to comprehend that your audience. If anything negative occurred to you, attempt to do. You must also take a peek at their pay letter tutorial.
Keep in your mind , the decision about the way to best create your correspondence would be your own choice. Resignation correspondence is as important as the application letter for any project. Here are some ideas about the way to write a letter for resignation. In addition, it has to furnish information about your last moment, although Even a resignation letter not just needs to inform an employer that you're departing. So it is rather vital that you write an superb resignation letter prior to making job.
Though it's perhaps not required list your reason for resignation if you are feeling inclined to do this. The reason behind my resignation is relocation for some other city. The resignation should be drafted carefully. Let's focus on what the resignation has been about.
Frequently they're not sure just how to write a resignation letter, If folks are departing even a position or a business. Attempt to get some thing acceptable for you personally in the job market When what it is you're browsing for is hopeless at the present company. Fully expect the venture to try and make you remain In the event you make an effort to cease there is plenty of company. You have to discover everything locate the right software and also guidance and you really need to achieve into your business. You're one-step beforehand for when you're all set to establish your small business by beginning to get the foundations in place. Just in the event you left because you're going to commence a brand new business, be sure what's set up for you to show your whole awareness to from the present time you've resigned.
You will maintain a posture to see the signs of disengagement ancient and require remedial measures if you are an inform CEO or manager. Disengagement doesn't happen. In the event you are not positive regarding your return date, then you still ought to request a particular duration and notice that you'll reevaluate your capacity. If you are considering quitting work toohere certainly are a few suggestions which may make it possible for one to say goodbye with personality.
In the event you were miserable with your work, an announcement just like I have solved to go after different decisions for private motives" is adequate. Therefore it's possible you will need to improve tasks to acquire a boost, but in addition, it's likely you can come across a reasonably major increase by playing your cards correctly and staying put. Suggest a training session for a direct employee that are in a position to take over the job you do. A few people are incredibly much painful and sensitive to the job they have been provided. You will find more than a couple reasons why an employee may leave work. It really is in no way simple todo what they do, and also stopping your own job as a way to give up leading to bad is among the actions you will require. While a great deal of the things that you perform inside your firm endeavor will probably undoubtedly soon likely probably be helpful as you transition into your freelance job, there are unique capabilities and worth that which you need to develop so as to evaluate the endeavors you want.
State the location you are enthusiastic about, and you would like to meet with it. If you see that you're of needing to compose a letter to step from your instruction occupation in place you might decide to read these strategies. Until it is also late, When you're alert and armed to spot the warning signs, you'll be able to stop the slip. Have been given just below.
The General is called the Warrior Monk for a motive. You see. Ordinarily so that it's wise to be prepared, your Supervisor is going to become caught offguard. However excellent of a boss you're, some times employees will probably soon leave. A member of staff decide to take to to get the most useful you can out of your job while you are still out. Sit back together with your superiors if you're in a place to be receptive with your employer on your job search and enable them to be aware which you're attempting to find employment everywhere. Or if it's truly hopeless as a result of present workplace, go somewhere else.
Because it will only limit your own decisions if you're maybe perhaps not specific about the task you're targeting, do not use objects. The job from the banking business is of obligation because interpret the accounts prepared from the lender on account of the transaction and the patient needs to address the financial transactions. Prove that you know to get and justify why you should find that occupation. Thus, it's important to talk about the occupation knowledge in detail.
You're mindful the existing labour market place is competitive if you are working to obtain a job lately. Because you want to earn cash, maybe not to invest it first after all, you're searching for work! It shows you're informed and curious in a job that is particular instead of casting a large net and visiting what you will property.
Similar to one resumes, it's important to list the job certain specifics in the restart. Well, it is if you should be considering locating a position that is great. If you want to perform a really exceptional endeavor, when you have completed your listing, you inspect and should come back the article a single second. Usually do not unnecessarily increase the exact length of restart by adding information that are insignificant, but comprise may help you in your work. New tasks will help ex felons to turn into a part of the modern society.
Visit a blog such as for example Top job Resumes where you're find a number of articles and hints, if you would like to find more information about writing resumes that get interviews. Resumes are made to highlight an individual's side. The thing concerning simplifying your initial resume will be that when you've completed it, you may continuously update it as needed across the route of your career without needing must start off out from scratch again. Numerous resumes contain overused or inefficient words which usually do not include price. All the expert resumes share various faculties. Your restart, afterall, is not an autobiography, however, instead a overview of credentials and one's previous expertise. Everything in your resume ought to be easy to comprehend and simple to browse.
People looking for work should be aware it ought to be more employer-ready and when they will need to obtain a updated resume. Wherever potential for the results, they need to seek out advantages. Many job seekers must go throughout the meeting phase.
Do not be obscure or your employer might be unable to discover what you are following. One other difficulty is that companies assume that you are searching for a position that is profitable and challenging. Employers assume that you are browsing for a position which is both challenging and rewarding to start out with. As a result of sheer volume of software, recruiters and companies don't have the opportunity to review each of resume time around.
Something to keep in your mind when producing a railroad endeavors resume is that it's vital that you simply find more information for. On a blank sheet of paper write down every achievement or credential you're going to be able to consider about this pertains for the kind of location you're hunting for. Assure you establish the position that you're searching for.
The restart intention must be. Producing a distinctive and intriguing resume aim isn't likely to be always a endeavor that is very straightforward. Even the Career goal is intended to extend the hiring manager that the purpose to continue on reading your own resume.
You may observe that they employ succinct paragraphs that get directly to your level In the event you take a look at our free resume writing examples. The way the dates that you've have put in in jail can be managed by you will be demonstrated by this illustration. It is essential to supply an example that illustrates the method by which the candidate can be vs only making the blanket remark, really actually a team player. It's possible to refer the resume purpose examples to learn draw employers and to present your livelihood targets.
Career element in restart will incorporate the truth of one's accomplishments which you would like to achieve functioning in the specific position in the small business. Wherever your objective statement ought to be placed, generally, the 2nd paragraph of your resume cover letter is. Supplies a concise introduction into this intention behind the resume, highlighting your career objectives and also the sort of job that you are looking for.
With the aid of the template it is possible to develop a resume that is flawless. You design your own resume and are able to choose at the proper template. You may select the template .
With only two or three clicks you may test out what is offered and decide the exact period of time you prefer to enter customizing just one or more two just go in what is already there. When you decide it is enough full time for executing authentication, you have to do so in a manner that's not likely to cause annoyance one of your own employees. You need to either take the possibility to build up some web design abilities, buy ready-made templates, or even employ a person to designing a web site for you. You have to pick, realistically you ought to attain your targets. You have the ability to save money and time whilst increasing. For instance, in case you've got employment, 1 , you may need to operate. There is absolutely no such thing to get a project for a lifetime.
At the mean time is Get the term Out! As to be successful you will need, as any other business, an acceptable small business application at an identical manner. You will be in able to possess to conduct a institution or company .
It is possible to make your house a source of additional revenue, even if that you never have it. It can be used by you as a way to earn extra cash by taking in a lodger In the event that it's the case that you previously possess your house. Save your self to get pension or the mortgage , for a very long run, based on where you're in lifestyle. Marketing yourself would be that the secret to your own success. Furthermore, you'll be able to obtain assistance from sample ethnographies for guidance and aid. You simply pay whenever you publish your purchase, therefore take the time you must receive it precisely all the leadership that you want it. In case it seems to be good, we'll submit an all cash deal.
You may not need to hand write the important points. No cost Templates to Create Holiday Cards lists many distinctive sources that offer latitude in subject and precisely the form of card you might need to deliver. Company Cards Business cards help to put in a specialist appeal to a business that is ARBONNE. They can be rather pricey. You may grant the entranceway secret and card for anybody.
Because of its lack of updated advice the website gets a B. It is somewhat tricky to make sure you paste and copy the knowledge over and upgrade points on both my earnings funnel along with my customer database dictionary, and I could wind up using a small clearout one period monthly to guarantee everything on the website's accurate, but it is actually really a handy consideration to get! In the event that you can provide all of the current information and any imagery and logos to us you'd really like to put within your design and style. You have the capability to see. Webpages on domains that are completely free and totally no cost MP3 websites do not offer you a expert image. For example, in the event that you enjoy listening, attempt to come across the writing in sound book format, or list yourself reading words that are key you are able to engage in with them to yourself whenever you need to re assess the content.
Basically, you merely decide on and then you're told what things to do with it. In excess of 162 free of charge time-card templates it is possible to download and print. You could locate ready-made templates on apps or the net for your cell phone. The template is also simple. Free of any time you're looking for it you may use enough moment card template out of Microsoft.
Other folks believe that instruments to be tricky to use. No actions are broken to components. The procedure offers a few advice that you offer your house in order to anybody you pick to you. But that the time-sheet management method that is expert isalso, it's extremely important to generate organizational policies to assist managers or payroll personnel and employees in processing and finishing time sheets in an beneficial and authentic manner. Possessing an excellent system in place offer a tiny nudge when you want it to you, also to track exactly how you're spending time, is beneficial. The computer system may possibly not be turn on. The procedure should be enrolled from by every consumer .
Worker Attendance sheet is helpful in keeping a watch out and boost the functioning of the company. If one mobile chosen it thinks you would love to displace thoughout the worksheet. If you own Microsoft Excel you can down load a template which can allow you to monitor your spending above month or a week. There is A spreadsheet only a calculator, but with considerably more versatility. It can enhance your accuracy. In contrast, you do not need to make a timekeeping and self explanatory system which consists of complex or expensive components. With many saving and customization selections to select from, it genuinely will develop into a self explanatory worker's new device that is favorite.
Fortunately, Excel can allow it to be a entire breeze. It is one among the softwares in the current virtual planet. Spread sheets are versatile method of saving info. Time-sheets, Simply will allow one to track job expenditure, and which indicates that you realize where your hard earned money is going! Possessing a worker time-sheet will permit one to observe just how a number of man hours each job necessitates. You have to send an invoice for the client.
If you believe it, 2 templates may be enough when your organization isn't way too big. Providentially, the templates at our department will help ease quite a few of the stress which comes with such a major buy. Once you are attempting to lose or keep your weight, they can be useful reduction. Out of the box templates help you start immediately away using some other strategy that is agile is suitable for the team. Likewise, it is likely to personalize the templates in order that they fit your buyer's specifications. The same template that you did can be purchased by Additional individuals and also apply it for their organizations too. Occasionally you will run in to the most best invoice templates on the unexpected sites.
Invoice templates don't will need to become boring. Template Docs allows one to contribute with their own site and showcase your articles with an choice to advertise your merchandise or services, if you have got a statement template that you want to share. You can search for an template online and get it in a few 18, To day.
Dashboards became very common. For instance, your program may offer discount coupons to purchase something on your own website, forcing persons there for more information. Believe of how a lot of users that you expect you'll gain, if you are in possession of the app. Or, in case you have many programs you may consider a program package. Paymium programs demand participation to stay up-to-date appropriate and engaging as an easy means to entice customers to go back and make purchases.
To help it become more easy that you identify which tool to examine, we analyzed both the negative and beneficial facets of just about every tool. This application lets you will find every difficulty in one view. It is on occasion a very simple and strong pest monitoring tool using the installation.
By employing pre-built templates using operations that are common people can contact undertaking their occupation as opposed to attempting to work . It can be one of the part of the project application method. Instead, it is a straightforward procedure for setting speedy and authentication installation. It will benefit only see one activity, when you are single-tasking. In the dashboard it's likely to write down what special task you are most likely begin the timer, decide on the undertaking and to use. It is hard to keep focused when you're switching between specific types of activities for virtually any variety of projects. You can set your customers, tasks, jobs and speeds at an easy to use interface.
Applying a tactical tool like Beeye allows one get a grip on non productive pursuits such as administrative tasks and so to keep tabs at the time spent on each form of actions. You can find various kinds of applications which may significantly help you together with labour and also moment administration. Retaining all of your team members to the page that is identical may make certain you're releasing software. The power direction application will permit you to differentiate phases of childbirth in which you're going to be in a place to assign tools which are now non-productive to endeavors. Trello's staff collaboration tools guarantee that your teams continue to be in sync.
Construction initiatives may be complicated and more expensive, based around the dimensions and temperament of the and they truly are always catchy to estimate. Planning long term endeavors will probably become less complicated, and without the need to disrupt projects, you're definitely going to have less head aches. Especially when you possess your own hard work to contend with. The timing reporting and overviews of all unbilled perform will keep you in handling your company. Having the companies started with timesheets could be hard. It's important to review functions and charges to pick the one that is correct for your own organization as well as you personally.
Your company is based upon its technological innovation. Any firm should be in a posture to communicate what that they perform and for whom. Easy-to-read templates can receive the business In the event you contribute the kind of firm which cares more about consequences to procedures.
The templates will surely be suitable. Business proposal templates are excellent for getting started, so read onto track down the right ones for your proposal. You'll find approximately 15 templates out there to client projects, that may help make your company proposal coordinated and straightforward to see.
It's possible to download templates for suggestions from our principal website at no cost so as spare your time and to simplify the task. Templates can be altered at any moment. There are distinctive kinds of project proposal formats and project suggestion templates from which firm owners can take essential assistance. The means is to employ an project proposal template.
You will find many sorts of templates out there there to be effective in addition to efficient hint composing. You might find which you find yourself conserving templates from a couple of the sites previously. Given that you'll find a great deal of templates made, it's manageable and very simple to create a job suggestion. Make sure you uncover the best template. There really are still an variety of sample templates available, which means you are likely to find the one which will utilize business or your field. The reason behind employing sample proposal template will be is to get a concept regarding the perfect approach to begin the custom of generating an astonishing offer that gives an even more special chance endorsement by the potential to you. The 36-page expert proposal template comprises a clean design and style.
Click Download" on to select the template you wish to use. The templates here arrive with straightforward customization tools. There is A proposal template a template utilized everywhere in the site so long as you've obtained an accessibility. The 20-page suggestion template includes a statement, meaning your branding remains consistent over their undertaking's life . Clean Internet design template includes a slick modern design that's guaranteed to help you distinguish yourself from the contest.
After you have uploaded a record, it is likely to appear in the list of one's file folder. About the Envato current market website, you can find a lot of distinct documents needed for creative projects. The absolute documents and templates linked for the TMF may be observed beneath.
In the event the suggestion is for use, you can include of payment provisions for clients to check. A job proposal includes a particular arrangement. Project suggestions frequently possess a format which you want to follow. Using Sinnaps project preparation tool you are able to check at the project proposal outline for a project on your own and also be certain every thing demanded is included by your suggestions. You must comprehend how to create an extensive endeavor suggestion, if you're tasked with generate a new job proposal which you are able to present to additional parties who are included in your project. If in addition, you wish to compose project suggestions, it really is sensible to download project proposal templates from our site that is chief.
Keep in mind is the exact first section of the proposal, and also to get some execs, it might be the part they read. Before it's likely to start composing a proposal a sales persons needs to find the info on what exactly the proposal should cover or demonstrate. On all of worries you to own made a choice to develop a proposition you could elaborate. Professional proposals should be more computer-generated on firm letterhead, although service industry strains can be pre-printed. An informal suggestion is the initial step within a project. ContractsEven it requires a contract. A builder's informal proposal to develop a bridge should start out with an overview of demand.
The proposition comprises the strategies for the business and will supply a great outline for an upcoming business program. Project suggestion may be an essential business record for you which ought to be accomplished. A project proposition contains parts.
The proposition is aimed at investors or partners in the enterprise. An organization suggestion is utilised to provide your own product or support to a buyer or customer. On the reverse side, you might pose the provider proposal , as well. Essentially the same structure is followed by an unsolicited small business proposal meant to produce and generate a income option but expects questions the client might have.
Before it's finally certified for realization all proposals experience deliberation. Furthermore almost all suggestions adhere to a template that is similar. Job proposals contain information about your own endeavor. Funding venture Proposals must comprise in depth advice regarding the endeavor where the Construction event has to be organized.


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Q: Tell OpenAPI TypeScript Fetch API client to include credentials for all requests I use openapi-generator to generate a TypeScript Fetch API client. This API client communicates with an API server via CORS. However, the Fetch API does not include credentials in CORS requests by default. So although I can authenticate with the API server, any subsequent reqests from the API client do not include the authenticated credentials.
Is there a way for me to specify that the generated TypeScript Fetch API client should include credentials for all requests?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Edgewater: Then and Now
As construction at Missoni Baia in Miami's Edgewater neighborhood reaches the halfway point, let's take a moment to reflect on Edgewater's storied past, booming present, and enticing future. The neighborhood has existed along the shore of Biscayne Bay for nearly as long as the city of Miami itself, but it came into its own with the construction of Biscayne Boulevard in the 1920s. This four-lane road produced a central shopping district around which the postwar boom in high-rise luxury towers was centered, creating an affluent area with a number of striking architectural landmarks, including the Omni International Mall, which introduced the area to high-end designers like Hermès and Givenchy, a trend that would be taken to the next level with the development of Missoni Baia decades later.
Missoni Baia and its class of new developments are continuing this architecturally significant tradition without sacrificing the laid-back and comfortable Miami attitude. This collection of Edgewater condos is being designed by Asymptote Architecture with guidance from the Missoni family, bringing the Italian fashion house's signature style to life on a grand scale, complete with the waterfront views and warm breezes that make Miami famous. Private balconies and a sweeping pool deck encourage residents to make the most of the pleasant climate, while proximity to world-class shopping and restaurants anchors Missoni Baia in the heart of Edgewater.
As viewers can see in this video, Missoni Baia will be joined in Edgewater by a host of new developments, including a high-end organic grocer, a new private K-12 school, and a proposed Brightline train station that will connect the neighborhood with the rest of the city via rail. Edgewater has been on the rise for more than a hundred years, and Missoni Baia is putting the right foot forward for the next hundred years of architecture and style along the sandy beaches and warm waters of Biscayne Bay.
Missoni Baia is currently offering in-person and virtual presentations, reach out to our sales team today to schedule an appointment and start your life on the shores of Edgewater today!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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2016 kicks off with a bang for Jeanneau with Yacht of the Year accolades
Jeanneau kicked off 2016 with a bang, introducing the new Jeanneau 54 as the latest in its line of yachts, and it immediately grabbed the imagination.
Croatia and its Dalmatian coast is seen as one of the premier sailing destination in the world. The region has a deep sailing and yacht building pedigree, so when a French yacht, very recently launched, scoops first prize in the Croatian Boat of the Year for yachts over 36 ft, serious sailors take note. The more so, considering that this prize is determined by boat builders themselves, likely the most discerning critics one may imagine.
The new 54 claims to have been designed for the way you live, and judging by their radical overhaul, sailors have had it wrong for too long. Never seen before solutions are found throughout, from the clever VIP interior layout to the spacious living cockpit and the easy and discreet management of the tender and the innovative aft terrace. Every detail and function has been considered to enhance life aboard and the cruising experience.
Perhaps the most fascinating part of the Phillip Brand design is how cabin space below decks can be reconfigured based on the individual owner's preference and needs. The captain has its own quarters aft, and the VIP cabin straddles the width upfront too. Yet, by allowing an option to move the galley into the rear side, a bit like what we find in the sky, the lounge area can be almost doubled, or extra cabins and bunks can be added. The yacht seems to be at optimal comfort with a captain and six passengers, with two en-suite bathrooms. Yet, when needed, the yacht can sport a whopping 9 bunks below, sacrificing one en-suite bathroom in the process.
But who wants to below deck on a sunny day at sea? For this, the designers moved the beam to carry almost to the transom, allowing for an extra large cockpit equal to almost one-third of the length of the yacht, ideal for a family out on a cruise with friends. All sail controls are led to the aft portion of the cockpit within reach of the helmsperson, leaving the forward section of the cockpit available for those more content to relax. This is a noteworthy and welcome realization in a sailboat of this size. It recognizes that not everyone in the cockpit is expected to help work the vessel. It acknowledges the reality that all of us like to bring guests along, including children, those new to sailing, and perhaps even the owners' parents or grandparents. They above all will appreciate the two lounging seats with cushions on three sides, providing good bracing protection and comfort – and even a cup holder. A dropleaf table in the cockpit allows for the whole crew to eat al fresco.
There is plenty more innovative ideas, including the helm section folding out to become loungers and dropping down to a swimming platform, as well as the clever way of storing the dinghy out of sight.
If you are in the market for a yacht designed for luxury sailing, you would be remiss not looking at the Jeanneau 54. Apart from its Croatian laurels, it has also been nominated for 2016 European Yacht of the Year.
How to best experience the video: You can tap, click, or drag the video to change your viewing angle and see the action happening all around, this gives you a 360-degree of the boat and its surrounds.


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The Government has announced Phase Three will start from 28 December 2020.
For more information, please refer to our advisory on COVID-19 for businesses.
For more enquiries, please call us at 6898 1800. Our lines will be open from 8.30am - 5.30pm from Mondays to Fridays (closed on public holidays).
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(Last updated on 16 December 2020 02:38:48)


Alpha a7R III sensor is slightly bigger than Alpha 7S II sensor (only 2% difference).
Note: You are comparing cameras of different generations. There is a 2 year gap between Sony Alpha a7R III (2017) and Sony Alpha 7S II (2015). All things being equal, newer sensor generations generally outperform the older.
Pixel pitch of Alpha 7S II is approx. 85% higher than pixel pitch of Alpha a7R III.
A pixel on Sony Alpha 7S II sensor is approx. 242% bigger than a pixel on Sony Alpha a7R III.
Sony Alpha a7R III has approx. 243% higher pixel density than Sony Alpha 7S II.
Aperture is a lens characteristic, so it's calculated only for fixed lens cameras. If you want to know the equivalent aperture for Sony Alpha 7S II, take the aperture of the lens you're using and multiply it with crop factor.


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package com.epimorphics.registry.notification;

import com.epimorphics.appbase.core.App;
import com.epimorphics.appbase.core.Startup;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.*;

public class BacklogNotificationAgent implements NotificationAgent, Startup {
    private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BacklogNotificationAgent.class);
    private final Queue<String> queue = new LinkedList<>();
    private ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();

    private File location = new File("/var/opt/ldregistry/notification/backlog");
    private Long limit;
    private NotificationAgent agent;

    public void setLocation(String location) {
        this.location = new File(location);
    }

    public void setLimit(Long limit) {
        this.limit = limit;
    }

    public void setAgent(NotificationAgent agent) {
        this.agent = agent;
    }

    @Override public void startup(App app) {
        if (location.exists()) {
            try {
                FileUtils.cleanDirectory(location);
            } catch (IOException ioe) {
                log.error("Failed to initialize notification backlog.", ioe);
            }
        } else {
            location.mkdirs();
        }
    }

    @Override public void send(Notification notification) throws Exception {
        try {
            clearBacklog();
            agent.send(notification);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.info("Failed to send notification for target: " + notification.getTarget() + " - adding to backlog.");
            addToBacklog(notification);
            throw e;
        }
    }

    private void addToBacklog(Notification notification) {
        if (limit == null || queue.size() < limit) {
            try {
                File file = writeToFile(notification);
                queue.add(file.getAbsolutePath());
            } catch (Exception e) {
                log.error("Failed to add notification to backlog.", e);
            }
        } else {
            log.error("Failed to add notification to backlog - backlog is full!");
        }
    }

    private File writeToFile(Notification notification) throws Exception {
        Map<String, String> properties = new HashMap<>();
        properties.put("topics", String.join(",", notification.getTopics()));
        properties.put("target", notification.getTarget());
        properties.put("operation", notification.getOperation());
        String msg = notification.getMessage();
        if (msg != null) {
            properties.put("message", notification.getMessage());
        }

        File file = new File(location, getFileName(notification));
        mapper.writeValue(file, properties);

        return file;
    }

    private String getFileName(Notification notification) throws Exception {
        String timestamp = Instant.now().toString();
        String target = URLEncoder.encode(notification.getTarget(), "UTF-8");
        return timestamp + "_" + target;
    }

    private synchronized void clearBacklog() throws Exception {
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text:
Attachment as an organizer of behavior: implications for substance abuse problems and willingness to seek treatment
Kristin M Caspers1,
Rebecca Yucuis1,
Beth Troutman1 &
Ruth Spinks1
Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy volume 1, Article number: 32 (2006) Cite this article
Attachment theory allows specific predictions about the role of attachment representations in organizing behavior. Insecure attachment is hypothesized to predict maladaptive emotional regulation whereas secure attachment is hypothesized to predict adaptive emotional regulation. In this paper, we test specific hypotheses about the role of attachment representations in substance abuse/dependence and treatment participation. Based on theory, we expect divergence between levels of maladaptive functioning and adaptive methods of regulating negative emotions.
Participants for this study consist of a sample of adoptees participating in an ongoing longitudinal adoption study (n = 208). The Semi-Structured Assessment of the Genetics of Alcohol-II [41] was used to determine lifetime substance abuse/dependence and treatment participation. Attachment representations were derived by the Adult Attachment Interview [AAI; [16]]. We constructed a prior contrasts reflecting theoretical predictions for the association between attachment representations, substance abuse/dependence and treatment participation.
Logistic regression was used to test our hypotheses. As predicted, individuals classified as dismissing, preoccupied or earned-secure reported the highest rates of substance abuse/dependence. Individuals classified as dismissing reported significantly lower rates of treatment participation despite their high rates of substance abuse/dependence. As expected, the continuous-secure group reported lowest rates of both substance abuse/dependence and treatment participation.
The findings from this study identify attachment representations as an influential factor in understanding the divergence between problematic substance use and treatment utilization. The findings further imply that treatment may need to take attachment representations into account to promote successful recovery.
Attachment theory provides clinicians and researchers alike a method of examining the impact of early experiences on later adjustment [1–6]. According to attachment theory, early experiences with caregivers are transformed into internal mental representations of attachment during childhood and adolescence [3, 7–10]. Internal models of attachment are theorized to consist of beliefs about the self and others from which rules are derived and used to guide behavior [4–7, 10, 11]. Attachment representations are further believed to affect behavior by influencing the intensity of emotional experience and subsequent attempts at emotional regulation [3, 8]. In this paper, we utilize the concept of attachment as an organizational construct from which predictions about substance use problems and willingness to seek treatment can be derived [12].
Attachment theory allows for specific predictions about quality of early experiences with caretakers and the effect of these experiences on future behavior and relationships [3, 13]. Internal working models of attachment are constructed from repeated interactions with caretakers and are derived from the responsiveness of caretakers during episodes of distress [4, 5, 7, 14, 15]. These internal representations are hypothesized to act as filters for future relationships and experiences [1, 7, 9, 13, 16]. For example, responsive and supportive behaviors from caretakers are thought to produce secure attachment representations, which are hypothesized to result in openness to emotional experiences and a willingness to engage in creative and productive emotional regulation. In contrast, unsupportive caretaking (e.g., rejection, neglect) during childhood is thought to be characteristic of dismissing attachment. As a result, individuals classified as dismissing are most commonly characterized as engaging in emotional distancing and greater reliance on the self rather than others. Finally, inconsistent support from caretakers during childhood is most often associated with preoccupied attachment which is thought to produce persistent anxiety towards interpersonal relationships and exaggerated levels of negative affect.
Attachment representations show predictive associations with a wide-range of pathological behavior including personality disorder(s), mood disturbance and psychopathy [3, 8, 13, 17–24]. Empirical support of the association between attachment and problematic substance use is less explored and most studies assess self-reported attachment styles [25–30] rather than internal mental representations of attachment as derived from instruments such as the Adult Attachment Interview [16]. Studies in which attachment representations (e.g., internal working models of attachment) are assessed typically rely on clinical samples, suffer from limited sample sizes, or provide inconsistent results [21, 24, 3, 32]. For example, Riggs and Jacobvitz [32] failed to demonstrate a significant association between substance abuse problems and organized attachment, whereas unresolved attachment surrounding abuse was predictive. In contrast, Rosenstein and Horowitz [21] found a trend toward higher rates of substance abuse among adolescents classified as dismissing when compared to adolescents classified as preoccupied. Consistent with Rosenstein and Horowitz [21], Allen, Hauser, and Borman-Spurrell [31] found a significant positive association between problematic substance use and scales most often attributed to a dismissing state of mind (e.g., derogation of caretakers) and a negative association with scales most often associated with preoccupied attachment (e.g., involving anger). However, Allen et al. [31] failed to find a significant overall effect of attachment category on substance abuse.
Preliminary analyses of data presented in this paper show significant associations between attachment representations and reports of illicit substance use within a non-clinical sample [33]. We found significantly higher rates of illicit substance use among individuals classified as dismissing or preoccupied when compared to individuals classified as secure. Although our preliminary analyses provide support for a potential role of attachment in substance use, there were several limitations to our study. First, analyses were limited to the prediction of ever using a substance which combines experimental and problematic users into a single indistinguishable group (i.e., users). Second, variation in inferred childhood experiences within the secure group was ignored (i.e., earned- versus continuous-secure). Although the validity of such a distinction has been questioned, we believe separation of the secure group into continuous versus earned-security is warranted due to differences in rates of psychopathology between the two groups. Earned-security is associated with higher rates of mood disturbance which might increase risk for problematic substance use [34–37]. Finally, the illicit substance use group combined marijuana and non-marijuana substances while alcohol was excluded from the analyses. Therefore, one primary goal of this paper is to examine the association between attachment representations and problematic substance use within a large, non-clinical sample.
A second goal of this project is to examine the association between attachment representations and treatment participation. The presence of substance abuse problems increases the likelihood that professional intervention will be required. In addition to predictions about openness to and intensity of emotional experience, attachment theory can be used to make hypotheses about orientations towards interpersonal relationships and, ultimately, willingness to seek professional intervention [3]. For example, the experience of supportive and sensitive parenting characteristic of individuals classified as secure is thought to promote a view that others' are available during episodes of distress which will lead to a greater likelihood of seeking support. Experiences of rejection or neglect typically associated with dismissing attachment, on the other hand, is hypothesized to promote feelings of self-reliance and a view that others' are unavailable when distressed. Consequently, individuals classified as dismissing may be less likely to turn to others for assistance. Finally, inconsistent parenting, which is characteristic of preoccupied attachment representations, is thought to produce a hypervigilance towards others' coupled with a continued dissatisfaction with support received. Therefore, individuals classified as preoccupied are expected to report higher rates of seeking professional support due to the unsuccessful impact of intervention.
Although researchers have studied the interplay between attachment representations and therapeutic quality, very little research has been conducted on the impact of attachment on the willingness to seek treatment [38–40]. We are aware of only a single study that examined attachment representations and likelihood to seek treatment. Riggs, Jacobvitz, and Hazen [11] report significant associations between lifetime history of psychotherapy and attachment representations. Individuals classified as dismissing reported the lowest rates of psychotherapy whereas individuals classified as secure reported the highest. Riggs et al. did not distinguish between earned- and continuous-secure which may contribute to high rates of therapy within the secure group [11]. Concurrent examination of the association between attachment representations, substance use problems, and willingness to seek treatment will further advance substance abuse interventions.
In summary, attachment theory allows for specific predictions about adaptive and maladaptive behavior in adulthood. We test two primary hypotheses in this paper. Our first hypothesis predicts that individuals classified as dismissing, preoccupied or earned-secure will report higher rates of problematic substance use than individuals classified as continuous-secure. This proposition arises from the role of both inferred childhood experiences and attachment representations in maladaptive emotional regulation [3, 13]. We predict high rates of lifetime substance abuse/dependence among individuals classified as earned-secure, despite their secure state of mind, due to the influence of inferred negative childhood experiences on substance use. Although ratings on childhood experiences derived from the Adult Attachment Interview [16] are not veridical with actual experience, we hypothesize that the negative mood proposed to account for the view on childhood experiences will increase the likelihood of problematic substance use [34, 36]. Problematic substance use among individuals classified as dismissing or preoccupied, on the other hand, is hypothesized to result from an insecure working model of attachment which is thought to promote maladaptive approaches to emotional regulation (e.g., substance abuse). Our second hypothesis predicts different rates of treatment participation as a function of attachment representations. We anticipate low rates of treatment participation by individuals classified as dismissing, despite predicted high rates of substance use problems, due to persistent devaluing of relationships common among this group. We predict high rates of treatment participation among individuals classified as preoccupied, due to hypervigilance towards distress, and earned-security, due to strong valuing of relationships [1, 32].
Participants for this study were recruited as part of an ongoing longitudinal adoption study. Roughly half the adoptees were originally selected due to the presence of psychopathology (e.g., alcohol problems and/or antisocial behaviors) in a birth parent. During the most recent re-interview, participant psychiatric histories were updated and the Adult Attachment Interview [AAI; [16]] was administered (n = 208). Approximately 53% of the sample was female and ranged between 24 and 66 years of age (M = 39, S.D. = 7.95). Average household income was $40,000 to $49,999 per year. The sample was predominantly Caucasian (92%), with the remaining sample comprised of 4% Hispanic, 2% African American, and 1% "Other". Adoptees were adopted by non-relatives within 2 months of age (SD = 5.44) with 67.8% adopted prior to one month and 94.2% adopted prior to 6 months of age.
Adult attachment classification
The AAI [16] is a semi-structured interview that assesses an individual's attachment representations. Individuals are asked to provide five adjectives describing their childhood relationship with their adoptive mother and father, separately. Participants are also asked to provide experiential support for the chosen descriptors. Questions about parental responses during episodes of emotional upset, illness, and injury are also probed, as are experiences with death and trauma. Finally, the individual is asked to describe changes in and current feelings about their relationship with their parents. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded by coders deemed reliable by the lab of Mary Main and Eric Hesse (Rebecca Yucuis and Kristin Caspers, Trained by Deborah Jacobvitz, Austin TX, 2001; Beth Troutman and Jeanne Frederickson, Trained by June Sroufe, Minneapolis, MN, 2002 and 1999, respectively). Approximately half of the AAIs were double-coded. Disagreements were resolved through conference. Overall inter-rater agreement was 94% for the secure versus insecure distinction (κ = .86, p < .001), 91% percent agreement for the organized classifications (κ = .84, p < .001), and 93% agreement for the unresolved/not unresolved classifications (κ = .71, p < .001). Cronbach alphas were equally high for the individual scales ranging from .84 to .93.
The first step in coding attachment representations involves rating inferred childhood experiences with parents. Five parental behaviors are rated on a 9-point scale: loving, rejection, pressure-to-achieve, involving-reversing, and neglect. Loving behavior reflects emotional support and availability. Rejection reflects active rejection or an avoidance of a child's attachment behaviors. Involving-reversing represents role-reversal between parent and child. Pressure-to-achieve reflects parental emphasis on achievement as a key component to the parent-child relationship. Finally, neglect represents parental unresponsiveness to attachment-related behaviors. The method by which ratings for childhood experiences are derived results in estimates of probable experiences with caretakers during childhood and adolescence. The presence of behaviors may be determined by either direct evidence (e.g., provision of comfort during episodes of distress) or the absence of evidence (e.g., no mention of comfort during episodes of distress). Therefore, ratings of childhood experiences are considered inferred rather than reflective of actual behaviors.
The next step in coding is determining attachment representations [16]. The transcript is evaluated for coherency and key indicators for each classification are rated. Three primary organized states of mind are derived from the transcripts: dismissing (Ds), secure (F), and preoccupied (E). Dismissing attachment is characterized by an inability to recall specific memories for positive adjectives used to describe either the mother and/or father. Individuals classified as dismissing often show a high degree of self-reliance, place minimal value on attachment relationships, and portray their childhoods as positive but are unable to provide experiential support. Inferred parental behaviors of rejection and/or neglect are most often associated with dismissing representations. Individuals classified as preoccupied are unable to focus on questions at hand and respond in either a vague or actively angry manner when discussing past or current interactions with their caretakers. These individuals appear as if they are unable to move beyond their childhood experiences, remaining entangled with their parents. Inferred childhood experiences associated with preoccupied attachment most often involve inconsistent behavior and/or involving-reversing. Finally, individuals classified as secure are able to provide experiential support for adjectives provided, whether positive or negative. They are consistent in their portrayal of early experiences, are willing to evaluate past and current relationships, and show valuing of attachment and forgiveness for negative experiences. The secure classification can be further divided into two sub-classifications based on ratings for inferred parental behavior: earned-secure and continuous-secure [32–37]. The earned-secure group is comprised of individuals with low ratings on positive indicators of inferred childhood experiences but demonstrate a secure state of mind. The continuous-secure group is comprised of individuals who experienced a supportive relationship with at least one parent and expectedly developed a secure state of mind.
Finally, a category of unresolved/disoriented (U) is assigned when significant lapses in discourse are present during discussions of loss or trauma. A few examples of speech patterns indicative of the unresolved category are confusions of the dead person as living, excessive detail surrounding the event of death or trauma, identifying the self as causal in the death of a loved one or deserving of abuse, or extreme reactions to experiences of loss or trauma. Given a classification of unresolved, subjects are also assigned a corresponding organized classification (e.g., U/Ds).
The Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism – II [SSAGA-II; [41]] was used to collect detailed information about lifetime substance use including alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and all non-marijuana substances (e.g., cocaine, stimulants, hallucinogens, etc). Lifetime diagnoses of abuse or dependence of alcohol, marijuana, and any illicit drugs were derived from DSM-IV criteria. Overall prevalence rates for each diagnosis were as follows: alcohol dependence (18/208, 9%), alcohol abuse (90/208, 43%), marijuana abuse or dependence (42/208, 20%), and any illicit drug abuse or dependence (35/208, 17%). Fifty-six percent (115/208) reported one or more substance-related diagnosis. Substance abuse or dependence of alcohol, marijuana, or non-marijuana drugs served as independent outcome variables.
Solicitation of mental health care was determined from the SSAGA-II [41]. Two questions were used, each based on a yes/no response: 1) Have you ever spoken to a professional (e.g., psychiatrist, psychologist, medical doctor, nurse) about any emotional problems and 2) Have you ever received outpatient treatment which includes speaking to a psychiatrist, psychologist, or therapist. Fifty percent (104/208) reported seeing a mental health professional and 38% (79/208) reported receiving outpatient treatment. The majority of individuals sought treatment for emotional problems not related to substance abuse/dependence. Sixty-six percent of those who spoke to a professional about an emotional problem also reported receiving outpatient treatment.
Logistic regression (SPSS, v. 14.0) was used to examine the association between substance abuse/dependence, treatment participation and attachment representations. We relied on attachment theory to construct orthogonal contrasts. For the prediction of substance abuse/dependence, we predicted higher rates of problematic use among individuals classified as dismissing, preoccupied, or earned-secure when compared to individuals classified as continuous-secure. We also predicted non-significant differences among the former three groups (i.e., dismissing, preoccupied, and earned-secure). Thus, three contrasts were constructed reflecting the following comparisons (assigned values indicated in parentheses): 1) continuous-secure (-1) versus all other classifications (+.333), 2) preoccupied or earned-secure (-.50) versus dismissing (+1) and 3) earned-secure (-1) versus preoccupied (+1). The three contrasts were entered simultaneously into logistic regressions predicting alcohol, marijuana, or non-marijuana substance abuse/dependence.
For the prediction of treatment participation, we hypothesized higher rates of treatment among individuals classified as preoccupied or earned-secure when compared to individuals classified as dismissing or continuous-secure. We also predicted no differences between the former groups (e.g., dismissing and continuous-secure) as well as no differences between the latter groups (e.g., preoccupied and earned-secure). Three contrasts tested our hypotheses in the prediction of treatment participation (assigned values indicated in parentheses): 1) dismissing or continuous-secure (-.50) versus preoccupied or earned secure (+.50), 2) dismissing (-1) versus continuous-secure (+1), and 3) earned-secure (-1) versus preoccupied (+1). The three contrasts were simultaneously entered into a logistic regression predicting lifetime history of treatment participation.
We also tested for the effect of gender, current age, current mood (e.g., depression/anxiety symptoms) and personality disorder on the association between attachment representations, substance use problems, and treatment participation. The parameter estimates for attachment representations were not substantially reduced and remained significant. Therefore, the unadjusted findings are presented.
Preliminary analyses
The distribution of the AAI organized classifications differed significantly from expected, χ2 (2) = 31.965, p < .001, with a larger proportion of individuals in the dismissing category (Observed = 39% versus Expected = 24%) and a smaller proportion of individuals in the preoccupied classification (Observed = 8% versus Expected = 18%) [42]. The distribution of the unresolved classification (20%; 39/194), however, was consistent with expectations, χ2 (1) = .558, p = .455.
We examined the validity of our definition of earned-secure by comparing inferred childhood experiences (see Table 1). Individuals classified as continuous-secure showed significantly higher means on all positive inferred parental behaviors and lowest ratings on all inferred negative indices. Few differences on inferred childhood experiences were found between the dismissing, preoccupied, and earned-secure classifications.
Table 1 Distribution of Inferred Childhood Experiences across Attachment Groups.
The observed differences in inferred childhood experiences emphasize the distinction between earned- and continuous-security. Inferred negative childhood experiences with caretakers may increase the likelihood of problematic substance use despite coherent attachment representations. Given the similarities between individuals classified as dismissing, preoccupied, and earned-secure on the inferred parenting scales, we hypothesized similar rates of problematic substance use across these groups. Based on attachment theory, however, we expected higher rates of treatment participation among those individuals classified as preoccupied or earned-secure and lower rates of participation among individuals classified as dismissing. Individuals classified as continuous-secure were hypothesized to have relatively low rates of substance use problems. We also predicted high rates of treatment participation among individuals classified as continuous-secure due to their hypothesized openness towards emotions and interpersonal relationships [11]. The analyses presented below explicitly tested these assumptions.
Organized states of mind and substance use problems
The distribution of substance use problems by attachment representations are presented in Table 2. Findings from the logistic regression predicting alcohol abuse/dependence are presented in Table 3. The overall model predicting alcohol abuse/dependence was non-significant, however the contrast comparing individuals classified as continuous-secure versus all other attachment groups approached significance suggesting higher odds of an alcohol diagnosis among individuals classified as dismissing, preoccupied or earned-secure (see Table 3). The overall models predicting illicit substance abuse/dependence were highly significant. The contrast comparing the continuous-secure classification against all other attachment classifications combined was significant for both marijuana and non-marijuana substance abuse/dependence (see Table 3). Comparisons between individuals classified as dismissing, preoccupied, or earned-secure were not significantly different. The odds of receiving a diagnosis of abuse/dependence for illicit substances increased nearly three-fold when classified as dismissing, preoccupied, or earned-secure.
Table 2 AAI Attachment Representations and Substance Abuse/Dependence.
Table 3 Logistic Regression Predicting Substance Abuse/Dependence from Organized Attachment Contrasts.
Organized states of mind and participation in treatment
The cross-classification table between organized attachment representations and treatment participation are presented in Table 4. Results from the logistic regression models are presented in Table 5. The overall models were significant for both speaking to a professional and outpatient treatment. The attachment contrast comparing individuals classified as dismissing or continuous-secure versus individuals classified as preoccupied or earned secure was significant in both models (see Table 5). The odds of speaking to a professional about mental health problems was 4.5 times more likely if classified as preoccupied or earned-secure. Similarly, participation in an outpatient treatment program increased three-fold when classified as preoccupied or earned-secure. The contrast comparing individuals classified as continuous-secure versus dismissing approached significant for outpatient treatment which was less likely among those classified as continuous-secure (see Table 5). None of the other contrasts were significant.
Table 4 AAI Attachment Representations and Participation in Treatment.
Table 5 Logistic Regression Predicting Treatment Participation from Organized Attachment Contrasts.
Divergence between need for treatment and participation in treatment
Finally, we examined whether organized attachment representations accounted for lower rates of participation in treatment among individuals having a lifetime substance abuse/dependence diagnosis [43–45]. In the analyses above, we demonstrated that individuals classified as dismissing reported lower rates of treatment participation than individuals classified as preoccupied or earned secure despite equal rates of substance abuse/dependence problems among these three groups. We were interested in examining if this divergence between the presence of substance abuse problems and treatment was statistically significant. Therefore, we identified a sub-sample of individuals having a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol, marijuana, and/or non-marijuana substances (n = 75). We compared treatment participation among individuals classified as dismissing (-1) versus individuals classified as preoccupied or earned-secure (+1). Individuals classified as dismissing were significantly less likely to speak to a professional than individuals classified as preoccupied or earned-secure (see Table 6). The model predicting participation in outpatient treatment showed a marginal effect in the same direction. Therefore, despite the presence of substance abuse/dependence problems, individuals classified as dismissing were less likely to engage in treatment than individuals classified as preoccupied or earned-secure.
Table 6 Logistic Regression Predicting Treatment Participation Among Individuals with Substance Abuse/Dependence (n = 75) from Organized Attachment Contrasts.
Attachment theory provides a useful framework from which appropriate interventions into substance use problems can be developed [1]. Our research questions focused on the association between attachment representations, lifetime prevalence of substance abuse/dependence, and likelihood of participating in treatment. We hypothesized that attachment representations would show predictable associations with problematic substance use and participation in treatment. We further predicted that individuals with certain attachment states of mind would be less likely to seek treatment despite significant problems with substance use.
Our predictions were derived from hypothesized influences of attachment representations on emotional regulation and perceptions about interpersonal relationships [1, 3, 8, 11]. Specifically, individuals with a dismissing state of mind are believed to view relationships as unimportant and minimize distress. Thus, we predicted that dismissing attachment would be associated with a lower likelihood of seeking treatment despite the presence of substance abuse/dependence [39, 44, 45]. We hypothesized that preoccupied attachment, on the other hand, would be associated with hypervigilance towards interpersonal relationships and distress. Therefore, higher rates of involvement in treatment and substance abuse/dependence were predicted among individuals classified as preoccupied. Finally, we predicted that secure attachment, regardless of inferred early experiences, would be associated with greater openness towards both emotions and interpersonal relationships resulting in a greater likelihood of seeking treatment. We predicted different rates of substance abuse/dependence between the earned- versus continuous-secure classifications [34–37]. Specifically, we anticipated that individuals classified as earned-secure would report higher rates of substance abuse/dependence than those classified as continuous-secure due to greater negative affect associated with the former group.
The findings were consistent with our predictions. Individuals classified as dismissing reported low rates of participation in treatment despite substantial problems with substance abuse/dependence. Individuals classified as preoccupied or earned-secure reported both high rates of substance abuse/dependence and a greater likelihood of seeking treatment. Finally, individuals classified as continuous-secure reported both low levels of treatment participation and substance use problems.
The pattern of findings for dismissing and earned-secure representations identifies attachment representations as an influential factor in the divergence between the presence of problems and likelihood of receiving treatment [39, 44, 45]. Both groups had similar inferred negative experiences with caretakers during childhood and similar rates of substance use problems; however, individuals classified as earned-secure were more likely to report seeking treatment. One interpretation from our findings is that attachment representations influence an individual's willingness to seek treatment. Individuals classified as earned-secure, despite their negative inferred experiences with caretakers, continue to value interpersonal relationships. Thus, they are more likely to report seeking treatment. An alternative interpretation, although unsubstantiated with these data, is the potential malleability of attachment representations with appropriate treatment [21]. Individuals designated as earned-secure in our sample may have been classified as dismissing or preoccupied prior to entering treatment. The earned-secure classification could thus be a consequence of treatment and not a motivating factor in seeking treatment. Finally, the validity of the earned-secure classification continues to be questioned. It is possible that the actual quality of childhood experiences was not accurately reflected by our inferred experience scales due a negative bias accounting for the low ratings [34–37]. This explanation of earned-security would slightly alter the interpretation of our findings attributing substance use problems to the presence of a negative bias and associated mood disturbance rather than to negative childhood experiences per se. Regardless, our findings add further to the apparent qualitative difference with regard to psychopathology between individuals classified as earned- versus continuous secure.
Implications for treatment providers
The findings presented in this paper represent merely a snapshot into the complex role of attachment in the therapeutic process [1]. At this point, we are only able to speculate about the nuances introduced by attachment representations and the implication of these nuances for the successful treatment of addiction. For example, our findings suggest that a seemingly uniform outcome (e.g., addiction) may result from qualitatively different external and internal experiences thereby requiring modification of interventions to fit "the developing person" [38]. A continued balance between theory, research, and practice will further advance the development of successful interventions into addiction [1, 2, 38]. An example of such balance is Flores' [46] incorporation of attachment theory into a model for the treatment of addiction. He conceptualizes addiction treatment as a "time dependent process" [p. 69, [46]] in which attachment-related issues alter the focus and nature of intervention across the different stages of recovery. His depiction of addiction as an "attachment disorder" emphasizes the intricate balance that must be achieved when attempting to shift individuals from substance use towards more adaptive methods of emotional regulation. Although it is not always clinically feasible to fully assess attachment related cognitions, interventionists can be trained to watch for hallmark indicators of behaviors associated specific attachment orientations [1, 2]. Such insight by interventionists will increase the likelihood that addicts will be successful in reducing the rewards of substance use (e.g., negative affect reduction) and promote the development of mentalizing abilities (e.g., reflective functioning) that allow greater insight into the motivations behind use [46, 47].
This study represents a preliminary examination of the association between attachment and treatment. We used a sample of adoptees which limits generalization of the findings. Although the sample was not selected on psychopathology of the adoptee, the sample was balanced on birth parent antisocial and substance use behaviors which increases risk of these disorders in the adoptees. This biological risk increases the odds of psychopathology among the adoptees limiting generalization to a truly random non-clinical sample.
A second limitation involves incomplete information on the purpose and type of treatment, including referral or self-guided solicitation. The questions used to indicate treatment participation were rudimentary at best. Future studies should delineate what type of professional was seen for treatment (e.g., psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker, counselor), the type of treatment implemented (e.g., pharmacological, cognitive behavioral, group), and duration of treatment. Researchers could then explore if certain treatment programs are better matched to certain attachment representations [1, 46].
A third limitation is the inability to pinpoint timing of treatment which is especially relevant when evaluating earned-security. We utilized lifetime estimates for both substance abuse/dependence and treatment. With adequate data, future studies could examine treatment success in terms of recovery from substance abuse/dependence. Exacerbation of substance misuse could also be observed throughout the therapeutic process. It may be possible that use, or desire to use, may increase as working models of attachment are challenged. This would be especially informative in further understanding the complex interplay between attachment representations and substance use problems.
The final limitation pertains to the omission of the unresolved state of mind surrounding abuse or trauma. Unresolved attachment represents a breakdown of the organized attachment system. Although we could predict elevated substance use problems within this group, we could not make specific hypotheses about help-seeking behavior without taking into account secondary organized classifications (e.g., dismissing, preoccupied, earned- or continuous-secure). Unfortunately, the number of individuals classified as unresolved (n = 39) precluded such analyses.
Our findings demonstrate a potential explanation for discrepancies between substance use problems and treatment of such problems. Referrals for treatment and continued follow-up may become increasingly important depending on one's attachment representations. The process of promoting recovery may also rely heavily on attachment. Assessment of both substance use problems and attachment may improve likelihood of successful recovery from substance use problems.
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Schindler A, Thomasius R, Sack P-M, Gemeinhardt B, Kustner U, Eckert J: Attachment and substance use disorders: A review of the literature and a study in drug dependent adolescents. Attachment & Human Development. 2005, 7 (3): 207-228. 10.1080/14616730500173918.
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I wish to thank the adoptees for participating in this study. I would also like to thank Beth Troutman and Jeanne Frederickson for their assistance in coding the Adult Attachment Interviews. Funding for this project was provided by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (RO1 DA05821).
Roy J and Lucille Carver College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
Kristin M Caspers, Rebecca Yucuis, Beth Troutman & Ruth Spinks
Kristin M Caspers
Rebecca Yucuis
Beth Troutman
Ruth Spinks
Correspondence to Kristin M Caspers.
Caspers, K.M., Yucuis, R., Troutman, B. et al. Attachment as an organizer of behavior: implications for substance abuse problems and willingness to seek treatment. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 1, 32 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-597X-1-32
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-597X-1-32
Childhood Experience
Attachment Representation
Illicit Substance
Substance Abuse Problem


I am a solid, professional, fortysomething woman who is the right balance of sweet and spicy.
I was married for 16 years to a man who loved me but, due to his alcohol abuse and his inability to keep a job, I exited the marriage.
Two years ago, I met a military man who was so much of what I sought. He was strong, manly and sweet. We had an amazing first year together. I met his father, and he met my sister.
There was talk of marriage and merging lives. He showed me his financial assets. Even though he was (and is) married, he had plans to exit the marriage prior to meeting me. He does not live with his wife; he is stationed elsewhere.
One year ago, he admitted he did not want to be the "other man" and reduced contact with me considerably. While we talk once a week, I've not seen him for several months. He is aware that my old relationship is now over.
Ms. Vicki, I am torn. I don't know if I'm just hopefully wishing or if my recent divorce now paints a different picture for him. He realizes he needs to take action. As do I.
When I'm vocal about his making a choice and not settling, he says I'm rushing a healing process and should take the time now to be alone and be clear with my thoughts.
While I don't disagree, I just want to know if he has further intentions with me because I feel the need to heal broadly.
I paint him as the good man he is, but there have also been several major dates he's missed this year (holidays and my birthday), and he has been very reserved and non-expressive this year.
But every few months or so, I do get a whopper that brings me right back emotionally. I welcome your thoughts and questions.
I think you are someone who is free to move on and begin a new relationship, only this strong, manly, sweet man is not ready to move forward with you.
I have to be honest -- this man may never be ready to move forward with you. However, he is definitely in a relationship with someone.
Statistics and my experience with situations like this tell me that he is still in a relationship with his wife ... hot and heavy.
As a matter of fact, his relationship with his wife perhaps was never over, but your man has some "play" in him and he is never going to divorce his wife.
It is probably just a line he gives to women he meets while he is on his military travels.
Just because they live apart does not mean the marriage is over. Some military couples and other professionals live separately for many years and for many reasons. In my professional opinion, it's probably a very small percentage of people who can accomplish this for years without cheating or having multiple affairs.
It sounds like he was cool as long as you were married too. He didn't have to worry about you confronting him about making a decision.
Now that your marriage is over and you want something more from him, he is conveniently putting the brakes on moving forward with you -- so much that he hasn't seen you for months!
Please allow me to give you a "gut-check." You haven't seen the guy you are in love with for months and he is not deployed to a foreign country. Does this sound like a man who is really that interested in moving forward in a committed relationship with you?
You are a very intelligent woman with a lot of great things to offer. You have to believe that. You have to understand that he has moved on from you. He could be with his wife or some other woman.
Think about it: When a man loves a woman, he doesn't miss several major holidays in a year. Instead, he will attempt to move heaven and Earth just to be with her.
This guy will never fully be available to you. Of the couples that divorce after infidelity, only three percent actually go on to marry the other woman. And of that three percent who do marry, 85 percent end up divorced within two years.
Let me be your conscience, Ms. Sweet And Spicy. That man is married. So leave him alone. You are too good to be a side-chick.


text:
Q: How do I combine observable of tuple elements with observable of single element? I have two streams of Observable, one with tuple of element Observable<(E1, E2)> and one with single element Observable<E3>. How do I combine these two streams of observable into Observable<(E1, E2, E3)>?

A: You can combine the Observer as like below. Hope it's help you
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text:
Connecticut State Department of Labor Communications
Department of Labor Communications
Current: March 3, 2022 Labor and Public Employees Committee, SB 210
March 3, 2022 Labor and Public Employees Committee, SB 210
Public Hearing Testimony of
Daryle Dudzinski, Deputy Commissioner
Labor and Public Employees Committee
Good Morning Senator Kushner, Representative Porter, Senator Sampson, Representative Arora and members of the Labor and Public Employees Committee. Thank you for the opportunity to provide you with testimony regarding Senate Bill 210, AN ACT CONCERNING TECHNICAL AND OTHER CHANGES TO THE LABOR DEPARTMENT STATUTES. My name is Daryle Dudzinski and I am the Deputy Commissioner of the Connecticut Department of Labor.
The Connecticut Department of Labor (DOL) supports the proposed bill, which includes several technical revisions sought by this agency. This technical bill sets forth several amendments to Public Act 21-200, An Act Restructuring Unemployment Insurance Benefits and Improving Fund Solvency, that are required in order to bring the Act into conformity with federal law. Rather than limiting the number of years in the definition of "experience period," which was deemed to be out of conformity with federal law, the bill proposes to use factors that will reduce each employer's charged rate for calendar years 2026 and 2027 in a manner similar to the language contained in PA 21-200 for calendar years 2024 and 2025. Making this technical change will ensure that the state's unemployment insurance program is in conformity and in compliance with federal law. Failure to be in conformity and in compliance with federal law subjects Connecticut employers to the potential loss of federal tax credits and DOL to the potential loss of federal administrative funding. In addition, using factors to reduce each employer's charged rate for calendar years 2026 and 2027 will have a positive impact on employer tax rates for those years. There is also a scrivener's error in line 250, which should be the be fixed to number 1.123 with 1.125. Other technical changes were made to ensure that subsections in PA 21-200 tracked other subsections with similar language. Moreover, there is one date that is not in keeping with the intent of the law. Changes were to start on January 1, 2024, and not before, although this is unclear in one section so it has been amended to align with that intent.
In addition, the language in PA 21-200 that provides that a claimant's benefit rate cannot be lower than the prior year must be amended. This change is needed because it could lead to an interpretation that a claimant's weekly benefit rate could never be reduced. However, such an interpretation contravenes state and federal UI law. If a claimant qualifies for a new benefit but has lower wages in the base period, the weekly benefit rate must be reduced from the previous year. A claimant's benefit rate has to be tied to his or her base period wages. The language from PA 21-200 was only meant to address the nonreduction of the weekly benefit rate that is tied to the indexing requirement.
Connecticut Department of Labor • www.ct.gov/dol
An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer


House garages' use isn't any longer limited to storage or easy auto parking of products that were abandoned. They're currently provide multiple reasons and important improvements to homes. Due to their elevated price, more thorough preservation is today required by garages. Among the most typical facets of this preservation is garage door repair. This really is especially true since homeowners can't afford these areas of the storage to stay damaged not just since garages are vulnerable to harm but additionally. There are several actions that require to precede it although storage fix is definitely an important maintenance process. Particularly, you will find products before participating in the fix that you ought to consider. Here are a few of these.
Fixing a garage door Can't be feasible should you choose not completely understand system and its components. For this reason in planning for this fix the initial step would be to discover the basic principles. You have to discover the doorway, which may be usually categorized as whether shifting or perhaps a non moving part's different areas. In conditions, however, the door could be divided into two main components: the real doorway and also the operator. Irrespective of this, you have to even be acquainted with the technicians of the doorway, which include the moving of the door on-metal paths through the assistance of springs that are large. Knowledge this mechanism's particular details might be essential for some instances of storage fix.
After observing the essential ideas of the garage door, the next phase would be to examine for problems in the door. You need to analyze the monitors to that the real door sheets on to start. One essential requirement to judge may be the brackets' situation. If these supports are just generally keeping the monitors in position, then is a have to tighten particular products. The monitors should subsequently be examined for malformations. Additionally, you have to decide when the monitors completely arranged and are leveled. It's also advisable to search for oil dust, and any trash that trigger a congestion across the monitors. Lastly, the tracks' lubrication should be analyzed. If starting or shutting the garage door causes a noise, then that's a sign the monitors have to be lubricated.
It's time for you to examine another physical areas of the garage door when the situation of the monitors continues to be examined. Particularly, you have to focus on handles and the rises. You have to examine whether these components are tightly twisted. Then that's an indication the handles are free if either part of the doorway is sagging. The rises are meanwhile free when the garage door close or doesn't start totally. About the hand screw-holes are a sign the products aren't firmly suited to their locations. This problem could be cured so the increased room could be loaded accordingly by changing the aged screws with bigger types. A specialist at Grapevine Garage door Repair, can happily assist you to with this particular in garage door repair Lomita.


#E210X85 The Queers, Love Me 7"
#E404Y07 The Queers, Kicked Out Of The Webelos 7"
#U-33568M The Queers, A Proud Tradition 2x7"
The first reissue of first two EPs, with picture sleeve.
This was a Queers fan-club reissue of their 1st two 7"s.
Only 500 copies were made of this pressing.
#U-35835M The Queers, Too Dumb Too Quit 7"
This was also a Queers fan-club reissue.