text:
Arizona, Commercial Solar, Solar
Arizona Truss Manufacturer Goes Solar
Western Truss' rural location qualified the business for the Rural Energy For America Program (REAP).
Since 1986, Western Truss has been a trusted name in Northern Arizona truss manufacturing. In fact, Western Truss has not only been building in NAZ for over three decades, they are also an expert in the field of Sustainable Green Building. So, when they reached out to Rooftop Solar to investigate solar energy, it was a perfect fit.
While Northern Arizona is known for it's scenic views and heavy snowfall, it is also known in the construction industry for it's demanding "experts only" requirements. To meet these rigorous standards, Rooftop Solar's team worked closely with the business owner and was able to complete the work on time. Because of the manufacturers rural location, Western Truss was able to secure a USDA grant called the Rural Energy for America Program, a grant available to both agricultural producers and rural small businesses.
The metal roofs were perfect for a seamless installation.
Over the life of the system, it is expected to produce roughly 1,8600,000 kilowatt hours of electricity! That's the environmental equivalent of offsetting 1,315 Metric Tons of carbon dioxide from emitting into our atmosphere, 1,449,054 lbs of coal from being burned, or 3,045 barrels of oil from being consumed (epa.gov). Builders and related industries have increasingly supported sustainable awareness and action, and Western Truss is leading the way!
Rooftop Solar is proud to welcome Western Truss into the solar community. The positive impact their business is creating will be felt by Northern Arizona for decades to come and we applaud their dedication to our environment, economy and community.
Shine on, Western Truss!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Sporopodium — рід грибів родини Pilocarpaceae. Назва вперше опублікована 1851 року.

Примітки

Джерела
 Montagne, J.P.F.C. 1851. Cryptogamia Guyanensis seu plantarum cellularium in Guyana gallica annis 1835—1849 a cl. Leprieur collectarum enumeratio universalis. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique. 16:47-81 — P.54

Роди грибів
Леканороміцети
1851 у науці

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


"WEF is very fortunate to find someone of Chris's caliber to continue growing our stormwater programs and help establish the WEF Stormwater Institute as a leading facilitator of knowledge exchange and innovation in this increasingly important part of the water sector," said WEF Executive Director Eileen O'Neill.
The Water Environment Federation this week announced that Chris French has joined the organization as its new director of Stormwater Programs, saying French will use his more than 15 years of water sector experience to expand this core competency area for WEF and guide the efforts of the WEF Stormwater Institute, a center of excellence for sustainable stormwater management.
"WEF is very fortunate to find someone of Chris's caliber to continue growing our stormwater programs and help establish the WEF Stormwater Institute as a leading facilitator of knowledge exchange and innovation in this increasingly important part of the water sector," said WEF Executive Director Eileen O'Neill. "His appointment is a sign of our continued commitment to raising the profile of stormwater issues and supporting those responsible for effectively and sustainably managing it here in North America and beyond."
French most recently served as the regional regulatory manager for Contech Engineered Solutions and previously held positions with government agencies such as the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, non-governmental agencies such as the Alliance for the Chesapeake Bay, and is a former government affairs and regulatory committee chair for the Stormwater Equipment Manufacturers Association.
"As a volunteer and member, I have always admired and respected the expertise and impactful contributions that WEF makes to the water sector," French said. "I have seen first-hand the organization's unique ability to pull together thought leaders and mobilize conversations about the value of water and the need for broad-based stormwater solutions. I'm honored to have this new opportunity and look forward helping WEF develop and guide its national and international stormwater initiatives."
For more information about the institute and related activities, visit www.wefstormwaterinstitute.org.


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}

The Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) cluster population is a tracer of the star and cluster formation history and chemical enrichment in the SMC \citep[e.g.][]{ppv17}. The SMC cluster population is also important to help understanding the interactions with the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) that seem to have caused some bursts of cluster formation \citep[e.g.][]{piatti+11}. The information on the early SMC evolution since the SMC-LMC interactions started to happen is not yet well constrained because there is a lack of SMC clusters older than $\sim 8$\,Gyr \citep{p11c, parisi+14}. Therefore, it is of prime importance to derive accurate ages for candidates to be the oldest star clusters in the SMC.

\citet{csp01} showed with \textit{HST} data that the populous old clusters in the SMC span ages from 1\,Gyr to the NGC\,121 age \citep[$10.5-11.8$\,Gyr,][]{glatt+08}, which is comparable to the ages of Galactic globular clusters. NGC\,121 is the only known massive cluster older than 8\,Gyr, but the SMC contains a much larger population of intermediate to low mass clusters to be explored \citep[e.g.][]{gatto+21}. Attempts to derive ages from ground-based data \citep[e.g.][]{ggk10} were hampered by the photometric limit hardly attaining the main sequence turnoff (MSTO).

The VISCACHA \citep[VIsible Soar photometry of star Clusters in tApii and Coxi HuguA;][hereafter \citetalias{mds19}]{mds19} survey is an ongoing project that employs the 4.1-m Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope aided by adaptive optics that provides photometry deeper than the MSTO of old Magellanic Clouds clusters and resolved stars in the cluster cores. The VISCACHA data are designed to derive accurate ages and masses of the oldest intermediate to low mass clusters of the SMC.

\begin{table*}
	\centering
	\caption{Log of observations for the three analysed clusters.}
	\label{tab:obslog}
	\begin{tabular}{lccccccccc}
		\hline
Cluster & RA (J2000) & Dec. (J2000) & Date & Instrument & Filters & Exp. time & Seeing & FWHM & Airmass \\
 & (h:m:s) & ($^\circ$:$^\prime$:$^{\prime\prime}$) &  &  &  & (s) & (arcsec) & (arcsec) & \\
		\hline
RZ\,82   & 00:53:09.6 & -71:59:43 & 2018/12/12 & SAMI & V, I & 3x400, 3x600 & 0.80 & 0.81, 0.69 & 1.38 \\
HW\,42   & 01:01:06.3 & -74:04:32 & 2018/10/06 & SAMI & V, I & 3x400, 3x600 & 0.85 & 0.90, 0.63 & 1.53 \\
RZ\,158  & 01:06:45.0 & -74:49:58 & 2021/11/08 & SAMI & V, I & 3x400, 3x600  & 0.60 & 0.72, 0.63 & 1.45 \\
\hline
	\end{tabular}
\end{table*}

\begin{figure*}
  \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{RZ82_RGB_edited2.jpg}
  \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{HW42_RGB_edited.jpg}
  \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{RZ158_RGB_edited2.jpg}

  \caption{Colour composite images of RZ\,82 (left), HW\,42 (middle) and RZ\,158 (right) made from SAMI exposures. The images have $3^\prime\times 3^\prime$, corresponding to the SAMI FoV. North is up and East to the left.}
    \label{fig:ima}
\end{figure*}

In this work we analyse three old cluster candidates from \citet{bica+20} catalogue. Clusters RZ\,82 and RZ\,158 \citep{rz05} had integrated colours suggesting an intermediate or old age. \citet{p11c} estimated an age of 9.3\,Gyr for HW\,42 with Washington photometry at Blanco telescope. \citet{ppv17} found that HW\,42 might be as old as 5\,Gyr with a total photometric mass of $200\,M_\odot$ with the same data.
The VISCACHA data for these clusters were obtained to improve on these age, metallicity and cluster mass estimates.

In Sect.~\ref{sec:obs} we present the observations and reductions, with the obtained $BVI$ images. In Sect.~\ref{sec:fits} we discuss the statistical isochrone fitting. The clusters' masses are presented in Sect.~\ref{sect:mass}. A discussion is given in Sect.~\ref{sec:dis} and the conclusions are drawn in Sect.~\ref{sec:conc}.

\section{Observations and reductions}
\label{sec:obs}

The observations were carried out with the 4.1-m telescope SOAR, employing the SOAR Adaptive Module \citep{tokovinin+16} with ground-layer adaptive optics and the associated imager (SAMI). We used standard reductions with bias subtraction and flat field correction. GSC2.3 \citep{llm08} was used for the astrometric calibration while standard fields from \cite{s00} were observed for photometric calibrations. More details are given in \citetalias{mds19}. Table~\ref{tab:obslog} summarises the observational information.

Fig.~\ref{fig:ima} shows the combined cluster images according to Table~\ref{tab:obslog}. Fig. \ref{fig:cmd-all} shows the respective CMDs, from where it becomes clear that the faintest stars reach around $V\sim 23.5$\,mag for the three clusters, indicating an unprecedented photometry performance in terms of depth and spatial resolution, compared to literature data. Although faint, the clusters have relatively well-defined structures, with a core density that contrasts with the surroundings.

\section{Statistical isochrone fitting}
\label{sec:fits}

An important first step to carry out a reliable isochrone fitting is the assignment of a membership probability for the observed stars, removing the most likely to belong to the field population. Since the proper motion data from \textit{Gaia} and other surveys are not deep enough for SMC clusters, we obtain the membership from a statistical analysis based on \citet{mcs10}, comparing the distance to the centre and local density of the stars in the CMD of the cluster sample (within the tidal radius) with a nearby field.

\begin{table}
	\centering
	\caption{Isochrone fitting results derived with the SIRIUS code. The values correspond to the median and $1\sigma$ level of the posterior distribution. Literature results are presented for comparison: \citet[][RZ05]{rz05},
	\citet[][P11]{p11c}, \citet[][P17]{ppv17}.}
	\label{tab:results}
	\begin{tabular}{llccccc}
		\hline
Cluster & & Age & $\rm{[Fe/H]}$ &  $d$ & $A_{V}$ \\
  & & (Gyr) &     & (kpc) & (mag)\\
		\hline
RZ\,82 & (this work)   & $3.9^{+0.8}_{-0.8}$ & $-0.68^{+0.33}_{-0.33}$ & $51.1^{+4.5}_{-4.5}$ & $0.43^{+0.22}_{-0.22}$ \\
& (RZ05) & $7.1^{+0.7}_{-2.5}$ & $-0.58$ & -- & -- \\
\noalign{\smallskip}
HW\,42 & (this work)   & $2.6^{+0.3}_{-0.3}$ & $-0.57^{+0.37}_{-0.37}$ & $56.0^{+4.1}_{-4.1}$ & $0.26^{+0.26}_{-0.26}$ \\
& (P11) & $9.3^{+1.5}_{-1.5}$ & $-1.40^{+0.25}_{-0.25}$ & $60.3^{+2.8}_{-2.8}$ & $0.09^{+0.03}_{-0.03}$ \\
& (P17) & $5.0^{+5.0}_{-2.5}$ & $-0.88^{+0.65}_{-0.65}$ & $61.4^{+1.7}_{-1.7}$ & $0.05^{+0.02}_{-0.02}$ \\
\noalign{\smallskip}
RZ\,158 & (this work)  & $4.8^{+1.6}_{-1.3}$ & $-0.90^{+0.43}_{-0.39}$ & $54.7^{+3.5}_{-3.5}$ & $0.18^{+0.16}_{-0.12}$ \\
& (RZ05) & $8.3^{+1.7}_{-0.4}$ & $-0.58$ & -- & -- \\
\hline
	\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{figure*}
	\includegraphics[trim={0 0.5cm 2.4cm 0},clip, height=8cm]{RZ82_viscacha_cmd_final_new.pdf}
    \includegraphics[trim={0 0.5cm 2.4cm 0},clip, height=8cm]{hw42_cmd_gaussian.pdf}
	\includegraphics[trim={0 0.5cm 0 0},clip, height=8cm]{RZ158_viscacha_cmd_final_new.pdf}
    \caption{Decontaminated $V$ vs. $V-I$ CMDs with the isochrone fitting results for the three sample clusters. The best-fit isochrone is shown as a solid line, whereas the surrounding blue region covers all the possible solutions within $1\sigma$. The dashed isochrones give a comparison with previous literature results (see Table~\ref{tab:results}), assuming our derived distances and a suitable reddening when not available.}
    \label{fig:cmd-all}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure*}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.33\textwidth]{RZ82_viscacha_cplotg_points_final.pdf}
    \includegraphics[width=0.33\textwidth]{HW42_viscacha_cplotg_points_final.pdf}
    \includegraphics[width=0.33\textwidth]{RZ158_viscacha_cplotm_points_final_02burnin.pdf}
    \caption{Corner plot of the resulting isochrone fits for the three sample clusters. The dashed lines in the histograms correspond to the median and the 16$^{\rm th}$ and 84$^{\rm th}$ percentiles as the $1\sigma$ levels. The contours in the 2D panels encompass the [$0.5\sigma$, $1.0\sigma$, $1.5\sigma$, $2.0\sigma$] levels. The posterior distributions in age shows that some walkers explore ages up to 10\,Gyr, but the convergence is obtained in lower ages.}
    \label{fig:cplot-all}
\end{figure*}

We employed the SIRIUS code \citep{skb20} to the decontaminated $V$ vs. $V-I$ CMDs, comparing the observed distribution of stars to theoretical PARSEC isochrones \citep{bmg12}. A geometrical likelihood was applied for each star in a Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling, using the membership probability and the number of stars around it on the CMD as a uniform prior. The magnitude of the red clump (RC) stars was also adopted as a Gaussian prior in $(m-M)_0$, in order to match the RC of the isochrone according to the metallicity. Age, metallicity, distance, and reddening are free parameters during the fitting process. The SIRIUS code was previously employed to VISCACHA \citep[][hereafter \citetalias{dias+21}, \citetalias{dias+22}]{dias+21, dias+22} and \textit{HST} globular cluster data \citep[e.g.][]{kls19, osk20, skb20,souza+21}, as well as to e.g. VVV, \textit{Gaia} and 2MASS data \citep{trincado+21b,trincado+21a}. Table~\ref{tab:results} contains the derived parameters and $1\sigma$ uncertainties obtained from the posterior distributions.

Figure~\ref{fig:cmd-all} presents the decontaminated $V$ vs. $V-I$ CMDs of RZ\,82, HW\,42, and RZ\,158 with the best-fit isochrones and $1\sigma$ region. Member stars are colour-coded with the membership probability and field stars are shown in grey \citep{mcs10}. We also present an isochrone with the parameters from the literature \citep{rz05, p11c, ppv17}, showing that VISCACHA data rule out the possibility of an old age. Figure~\ref{fig:cplot-all} presents the respective corner plots, with the posterior distributions of the free parameters in the diagonal panels and the correlations between them in the other panels.

The derived ages of $3.9$\,Gyr, $2.6$\,Gyr, and $4.8$\,Gyr for RZ\,82, HW\,42, and RZ\,158 are considerably younger than the previous literature values, thus redefining a brighter turnoff with the present deep, decontaminated VISCACHA photometry.
Nevertheless, the three clusters have a "Gyr morphology", with some blue stragglers and a red clump at $V\sim19.4$\,mag. The derived distances are suggestive of the location of the clusters relative to the SMC: $51.1$\,kpc for RZ\,82, which is projected in the foreground of the SMC bulk population \citep[$62$\,kpc;][]{gb15}, as illustrated by the crowded field in Fig. \ref{fig:ima}; $\sim 55$\,kpc for HW\,42 and RZ\,158, which are located in the Southern Bridge. Concerning the metallicity, the only spectroscopic value available to date is for HW\,42, for which \citet{debortoli+22} derived $\rm{[Fe/H]}=-0.58\pm0.03$ from CaT analysis, in excellent agreement with the photometric metallicity found in the present work. RZ\,158 shows a double peaked age-metallicity distribution in Fig. \ref{fig:cplot-all}. Preliminary spectroscopic metallicity of [Fe/H] = $-1.06\pm0.10$ dex (Dias et al. in prep.) supports the older peak around 5.5\,Gyr, and not the peak around 4.0 Gyr, which is still consistent with the conclusions of the present work.

\section{Cluster masses}
\label{sect:mass}

We followed the procedures described in \cite[][hereafter \citetalias{santos+20}]{santos+20} to derive total mass for the clusters. In summary, we determined their integrated apparent $V$ magnitudes ($V_{int}$) by integrating the surface brightness profile from the centre out to the limiting radius, where the profile merges with the field stars surface brightness. We then converted $V_{int}$ to the absolute one ($M_V$) by using the clusters' individual distance and extinction from isochrone fitting (Table~\ref{tab:results}). Finally, the mass and its uncertainty was calculated following the calibration with age and metallicity (fixed at $Z=0.004$) of simple stellar population models given in \cite{mps14} and \citetalias{santos+20}. Mass uncertainty comes from propagation of errors in the measured surface brightness (propagated to $M_V$ error), age, extinction and distance. The integrated properties are shown in Table~\ref{tab:mass}.

\begin{table}
\caption{Integrated magnitudes and masses of investigated clusters.}
\label{tab:mass}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{lccc}
\hline
Cluster & $V_{int}$ & $M_V$ & $\log$(M/M$_\odot$) \\
\hline
RZ\,82 & $13.57\pm 0.17$ & $-5.39\pm 0.32$ & $4.05\pm 0.17$ \\
HW\,42 & $13.55\pm 0.09$ & $-5.45\pm 0.32$ & $3.97\pm 0.17$ \\
RZ\,158 & $14.21\pm 0.22$ & $-4.77\pm 0.30$ & $3.88\pm 0.18$ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\section{Discussion}
\label{sec:dis}

The SMC clusters RZ\,82, HW\,42, and RZ\,158 analysed in this work are three of the oldest from the \citet{bica+20} catalogue, with ages of 7.1, 9.3, and 8.3\,Gyr old, respectively, based on integrated light or shallower photometry. We have shown that these clusters are actually 3.9, 2.6, and 4.8\,Gyr old, respectively, based on deeper and spatially resolved photometry. Some implications of the younger ages for these clusters are discussed below.

The present clusters are consistent with the overall SMC enrichment history (e.g. \citetalias{dias+21}). Figure \ref{fig:amr} shows the age-metallicity relation of all SMC star clusters with available metallicities obtained with CaII triplet technique, all in the same scale, combined with ages from the best CMD with isochrone fitting available, some of them using \textit{HST} data (see compilation at \citealp{p22}). There is a large metallicity dispersion that is also seen in the multiple attempts of chemical evolution models to reproduce the SMC chemical evolution \citep[e.g.][]{debortoli+22}. The three clusters analysed in this work were supposedly among the oldest according to previous works (see compilation at \citealp{bica+20}). In particular, RZ\,82 and RZ\,158 had a combination of ages and metallicities that were off the bulk of SMC clusters and chemical enrichment models and the new ages and metallicities follow the trends now. HW\,42 had two previous determinations of age and metallicities, both in apparent agreement with the SMC evolution, which made it difficult for spotting any issue. Our new age and metallicity for this cluster says that it was formed more recently when the SMC was more metal-rich. In fact, our results are supported

by the spectroscopic metallicity. In summary, the age-metallicity relation of the SMC is sensitive to the diverse source of parameters, and it will be best traced by homogeneous and accurate parameters as provided by the VISCACHA survey. Moreover, all the SMC clusters older than $\sim 7$ Gyr are more metal-poor than [Fe/H]$\lesssim-1.0$.

\begin{figure}
\centering
	\includegraphics[trim={0 0.6cm 0 1.9cm},clip,width=1.05\columnwidth]{smc-amr_v20220907.pdf}
    \caption{The age-metallicity relation of SMC star clusters. Black circles correspond to a literature compilation of homogeneous CaII triplet spectroscopic metallicities by \citet{dch98,parisi+09,parisi+15,p22,debortoli+22}, and ages from \citetalias{dias+21}; \citetalias{dias+22}; \citet{mighell+98,piatti+01,psc05,rz05,glatt+08,livanou+13,dkb14,parisi+14,li+16,nsc18,lagioia+19,narloch+21}. Previous VISCACHA results from \citetalias{mds19,dias+21,dias+22} are shown as blue pentagons. The filled stars are the clusters analysed in this work, whereas the empty stars are the same clusters but with the older ages and different metallicities from the literature (see text for details).}
    \label{fig:amr}
\end{figure}

The later evolution ($\tau \gtrsim 10^8$ yr) of star clusters involves the escape of stars by internal two body relaxation, commonly known as evaporation \citep[see e.g.][]{fall+09}. Low-mass stars are preferentially lost because the tendency that clusters have to reach energy equipartition combined with mass segregation, see e.g. \citet{bm03,kl08}. In this context, we have been searching for evolved star clusters that are missing low-mass stars, such as AM\,3 already identified in \citetalias{mds19}.

It has been argued that the evaporation of star clusters does not depend on their total mass \citep{chandar+10}. Nevertheless, the only cluster from the VISCACHA sample showing signs of dissolution so far is a relatively old and low-mass cluster, AM\,3 \citepalias{mds19}, i.e., an outlier in the age-mass parameter space (see Fig. \ref{fig:dissolution}. HW\,42 was previously analysed by \citet{ppv17}, with properties akin to AM\,3 in Fig.\ref{fig:dissolution}, which would be very interesting. However, our determination of a younger age by a factor of two and almost two orders of magnitude heavier mass places the cluster within the parameter space of the bulk of star clusters, not being an outlier anymore. RZ\,82 and RZ\,158 had age determinations placing them as outliers in Fig. \ref{fig:dissolution} regardless their mass, however, our new determination of ages and masses for these two clusters are also consistent with the bulk of intermediate-age SMC clusters.

\begin{figure}
\centering
	\includegraphics[trim={0 0.5cm 0 2.2cm},clip,width=0.99\columnwidth]{age-mass_v20220907.pdf}
    \caption{The age-mass relation of SMC star clusters. Literature data display the parameter space analysed by \citet[][M14]{mps14}, \citet[][P17]{ppv17}, \citetalias{mds19}, \citet[][PapII]{santos+20}, \citet[][G21]{gatto+21}. The iso-magnitude reference lines were adopted from M14 with metallicity [Fe/H]$\sim -0.7$. The blue triangle in the bottom right is AM\,3 with a lower limit mass from PapI and integrated mass from PapII indicated by the arrow. The three clusters analysed here are shown as filled stars as in Fig. \ref{fig:amr}. The empty star indicates the HW\,42 parameters by P17. The vertical blue and red lines show the ages for RZ\,82 and RZ\,158 that do not had published masses before.
    }
    \label{fig:dissolution}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusions}
\label{sec:conc}

We studied CMDs of the faint SMC clusters RZ\,82, HW\,42 and RZ\,158. The SOAR deep CMDs show well the turnoff regions, like in \citetalias{mds19}. The present ages of about $2-5$\,Gyr, are thus not as old as NGC\,121 which remains as the only SMC cluster with genuine CMD counterpart of Galactic globular clusters. The present clusters show metallicities of $\rm{[Fe/H]} \sim -0.60$ for RZ\,82 and HW\,42, and $\rm{[Fe/H]} =-0.90$ for RZ\,158. They fit well the cluster enrichment history of the SMC.

\section*{Data availability}

The data underlying this article are available in the NOIRLab Astro Data Archive (https://astroarchive.noirlab.edu/) or upon reasonable request to the authors.

\section*{Acknowledgements}

The authors thank the anonymous referee for the helpful comments that improved the quality of the manuscript.
This study was financed in part by the Coordena\c c\~ao de Aperfei\c coamento de Pessoal de N\'ivel Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. F.Maia acknowledges financial support from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq (proc. 404482/2021-0) and from FAPERJ (proc. E-26/201.386/2022). R.A.P.O acknowledges FAPESP (proc. 2018/22181-0).  S.O.S. acknowledges FAPESP (proc. 2018/22044-3), the support of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, project number 428473034), and the DGAPA-PAPIIT grant IA103122. B.D. acknowledges support by ANID-FONDECYT iniciación grant No. 11221366.
Based on observations obtained at the Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope, which is a joint project of the Minist\'erio da Ci\^encia, Tecnologia, e Inovação (MCTI) da Rep\'ublica Federativa do Brasil, the U.S. National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), and Michigan State University (MSU).

\bibliographystyle{mnras}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
news administration student life
McRobbie announces scenarios for how COVID-19 might shape next academic year
Aelia Hassan
Tulips planted by the Sample Gates are pictured. IU has five scenarios planned for the 2020-2021 academic year in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
By Luzane Draughon
Published Apr 30, 2020 2:53 pm Last updated May 3, 2020 4:28 pm
IU has planned five scenarios for the 2020-21 academic year in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a Thursday email from President Michael McRobbie.
"It would not be realistic or even responsible to promise a full resumption of in-person activity in the fall," McRobbie said. "This, of course, is the scenario all of us would most prefer, but it is also highly unlikely."
In order to resume university operations, there must be a combination of continued social distancing, virus and antibody testing, therapeutics, temperature monitoring and contact tracing, McRobbie said in the email. He stressed the importance of social distancing until a COVID-19 vaccine is developed.
The five scenarios
The first scenario would require reconfiguring courses and activities involving a large amount of people or close physical contact, according to the email. Laboratory classes and studio practices would also need to be modified to ensure proper distancing, numbers of people in gatherings and cleaning.
McRobbie said the second scenario, a combination of in-person instruction and virtual teaching, is most likely, but that could change with new developments. This scenario has several variations, and IU officials will take into consideration students and faculty who are unable to attend class in-person, whether due to illness, self-isolation, special vulnerability to COVID-19 or travel restrictions.
This scenario could involve classes offered both in person and virtually, according to the email. Some classes may be prioritized for in-person or for virtual instruction based on their size, content or other characteristics. Other options include creating classes designed to include both in-person and virtual elements, or classes that can switch from one mode to another very quickly. IU officials may also rethink the weekly schedule, possibly spreading out larger classes to allow for smaller sections.
The three additional scenarios, mentioned briefly, include a completely virtual fall semester and hybrid classes in the spring, returning to virtual operations in the spring after hybrid classes in the fall or virtual operations for the entire academic year.
"These are, of course, scenarios that we hope we can avoid," McRobbie said in the email.
There may be a mixture of scenarios across the IU campuses depending on how the pandemic affects different regions, according to the email. If virtual instruction continues, students should expect a higher quality of instruction than that of this spring semester.
Future decisions
None of these scenarios are concrete yet, and IU professor and University Faculty Council member Paul Sokol said Monday he thinks the final decision will likely be made mid-July at the latest.
McRobbie said the timing of the decision will be determined partially by the governor's decisions, but he hopes to begin the phased restart in May, although there are no guarantees.
IU has formed a Restart Committee which is chaired by Jay Hess, IU executive vice president and IU School of Medicine dean. The committee is meant to recommend when IU can restart its normal activities. A Laboratory Research Restart Committee has also been established to restart university research activities as soon as possible.
"Even under the best of circumstances, academic and research life at IU will not be the same for some time, and we will feel the repercussions of this pandemic for many years," McRobbie said in the email.
McRobbie's email did not include plans for 2020-21 tuition. Many students have been calling for tuition discounts for virtual semesters.
RELATED: IU moved classes online, but out-of-state tuition still applies. Here's why.
Senior and outgoing student body president Isabel Mishkin said Saturday while she hasn't participated in any discussions about a tuition cut if classes were to go online for the fall semester, tuition is set in two-year increments. The tuition for the 2020-21 school year was set last June, she said.
"In my opinion, it's very unlikely for tuition to change," Mishkin said.
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City council narrowly approves use of funds for relocating police department to Showers building
IU mourns death of professor, vice provost for faculty and academic affairs, Kimberly Geeslin
Aimie DeLeon named new assistant director of student life engagement


Swati Singhi, a Member of the Technical Staff at Qubole, was recently featured as a speaker at the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing, held in Bangalore, India. The Grace Hopper Celebration is the world's largest technical conference for women in computing, and it is designed to bring the research and career interests of women in computing to the forefront.
Swati spoke about Cloudman, which is Qubole's internal tool for handling cluster management across many different public cloud stacks, including AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform. Enjoy this recording of her presentation from the conference!
P.S. We are hiring and looking for great developers to help us build functionality like this and more. Drop us a line at [email protected] or check out our Careers page.


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Cambs Times > News > Business
Third round of funding announced to help Fenland pubs stay in business
Published: 11:31 AM November 4, 2010 Updated: 9:25 PM October 31, 2020
PUBS in Fenland have been boosted by news that a third round of funding has been announced to help them stay open for business.
The funding, available across Cambridgeshire, allows any rural pub in the county to apply for a grant of up to �1,500 to use towards business development and revenue expenditure costs.
The scheme is financed by the East of England Development Agency (EEDA) and can be accessed via Business Link.
Edwin Jones, Business Link's Rural Affairs Partnership Director, said: "So far, more than 200 pubs have benefited from grants awarded during the course of the initial funding rounds.
"From website development, to structural improvements and marketing campaigns, publicans have embraced the opportunity to seek external advice from a Business Link Adviser and successfully implement a plan of action."
In the first instance, publicans should contact Business Link on 08457 17 16 15. Up to 70 grants are available until February 2011 and these will be awarded on a first come, first served basis.
Business Link Advisers will then undertake a confidential and independent review of the pub business, providing a 'health check' that will highlight potential areas for development, such as marketing, training and financial planning, to help the business grow and improve its customer base.
Grant funding can be allocated to help publicans focus on the areas of their business that are most in need.
Mr Jones added: "This additional funding has come at a crucial time for the industry as, in our increasingly challenging economy, many pubs have been forced to call last orders for good.
"Through identifying and addressing areas for improvement, publicans can survive, thrive and stay open for business for years to come."
Grants will be awarded to rural pubs that meet the qualification criteria and work with a Business Link Adviser to improve their business.
Contact Business Link on 08457 17 16 15 or visit www.businesslink.co.uk/east for further information.


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Q: iOS 7 JavaScript changes in rendering web pages? This is a site I've been helping with some work on. As you can see, the red left/right arrows go through the main sections of the site. All works fine on the major modern browsers, and was working fine on iOS 6.
However, on iOS 7, things get very strange. The page-to-page navigation animation basically never stops. (I've checked it in Safari, Chrome and Mercury browsers on iOS 7 (on iPhone 4) and it displays the same behaviour in all of them.)
My narrower question is: How do I fix this?
My broader question is: what changes have been introduced in iOS 7 that would make this happen? Is there some change in the way that JavaScript is being rendered that would cause this to happen?
Any help much appreciated. Thanks.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Suspected Boko Haram fighters kidnap around 80 in Cameroon
By CyprusMail January 18, 2015 2 131
Photo archive:Nigeria's Boko Haram leader Abubakar Shekau
By Anne Mireille Nzouankeu and Tansa Musa
Suspected Boko Haram Islamist fighters from Nigeria kidnapped around 80 people, many of them children, and killed three others on Sunday in a cross-border attack on villages in northern Cameroon, army and government officials said.
The group, which has killed thousands and kidnapped hundreds in its bid to carve out an Islamic state in northern Nigeria, has also targeted Cameroon and Niger over the past year as it seeks to expand its zone of operations.
Sunday's kidnappings, among the largest abductions on Cameroonian soil, came as neighbouring Chad deployed troops to support Cameroon's forces in the area.
"According to our initial information, around 30 adults, most of them herders, and 50 young girls and boys aged between 10 and 15 years were abducted," a senior army officer deployed to northern Cameroon told Reuters.
He said the early-morning attack had targeted the village of Mabass and other villages along the porous border. Soldiers intervened and exchanged fire with the raiders for around two hours, he added.
Government spokesman Issa Tchiroma confirmed the attack, in which he said three people had been killed, as well as the kidnappings. He was not able to say with certainty how many people had been taken in the raid.
"There was a Boko Haram attack on several localities in the Far North region. The assailants burnt down about 80 homes and kidnapped several inhabitants including women and very young children," he said.
In an attack that gained worldwide attention last year, its fighters kidnapped around 200 schoolgirls from the town of Chibok, in northeastern Nigeria.
It has stepped up attacks in the region as Africa's biggest economy prepares for a Feb. 14 presidential election.
In a video posted online this month, a man claiming to be Boko Haram leader Abubakar Shekau threatened to step up violence in neighbouring Cameroon unless it scraps its constitution and embraces Islam.
Faced with increased violence along the border, Yaounde has deployed thousands of additional troops, including elite soldiers, to the area.
A convoy of troops from Chad arrived in Maroua, the main town in Cameroon's Far-North Region, to support the fight against Boko Haram, late on Saturday, Cameroon defence ministry spokesman Colonel Didier Badjeck said on Sunday.
Chad has a reputation as one of the region's best militaries and helped French forces drive al Qaeda-linked Islamists from northern Mali in 2013. Government officials in N'Djamena say the deployment to Cameroon includes around 2,000 soldiers, armoured vehicles and attack helicopters.
Ghana's President John Mahama, who currently heads West African bloc ECOWAS, told Reuters on Friday that regional leaders will seek approval from the African Union next week to create a new force to fight Boko Haram.
Abubakar ShekauBoko HaramNigeria
Shots fired near Vice President Biden's Delaware residence
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New monument to Stalin unveiled ahead of WW2 anniversary


Tamarindo is a town on the north Pacific Coast of Costa Rica. It like to refer to itself as the Noth Pacific Gold Coast. According to Wikipedia it is located in the Province of Guanacaste. The district has a population of 3,525, although the town itself is about 500. The main transport and commercial centre in the region is Nicoya, one of the oldest settlements in Costa Rica.There is a significant international expat population who come for the beaches, views, and Central American charm. But it can swell to 5,000 people or more during the tourist season and during special holidays. The main attractions are surfing and eco-tourism. Playa Tamarindo is a long beach, with excellent waves near the mouth of the estuary. Currents can be strong, especially on a falling tide. For more on retiring to this paradise see our Retirement Guide to Costa Rica.
Playa Grande beach is also where the Leatherback Turtle comes to lay its eggs. The leatherbacks take over the beach from November to April, digging their nests up to one meter deep, lay their eggs and cover the pit with sand, and return once again to the sea.
Photo of beach courtesy of Wikipedia and Mariordo.
There has been a fair amount of developer building in this area. Tamarindo real estate communities such as the Tamarindo Preserve, Diria and La Perla appeal to the luxury buyer. There are also complete luxury resorts such as the Marriott and Reserva Conchai. If you search on real estate for sale in Tamarindo you will find a wide range of condos and homes for sale, starting in the $40s for very small units. Luxury 2 and 3 bedroom units with views are widely available in the $200's and higher.
Ecotourism and surfing, along with beautiful beaches. Costa Rica is a stable county both politically and economically. The bird watching and nature viewing are extraordinary. There are laws protecting against excessive development and encouraging protection of the environment.
The beaches in the area are generally clean and recent efforts by the government and local business organizations are proving themselves. Unfortunately, the area has become a boon to developers who have cut corners and not installed proper infrastructure including black water treatment.
People looking for a laid back expat lifestyle near the beaches and mountains will like it here. There is a significant expat population from around the world.
Tourism, particuarly eco-tourism, and construction are important to the economy.
It is warm in this Central American country year round. The rainy season is usually Sept through November. The climate is slighter cooler at altitude.
As a tourist destination there are many restaurants to choose from. Nature viewing is the high culture here.
Other than petty crime it is not a problem. Many expats live in gated communities or buildings for security and peace of mind.
There are some local facilities for routine and emergency care, but for more serious matters one will have to travel to a major city.
Tamarindo Beach, Guanacaste is the most accessible location along the northern Pacific coast of Costa Rica with an airstrip. Scheduled daily bus service to and from San José, as well as surrounding communities, is available. There is also a paved highway from San José. The average time from San Jose to Tamarindo is 5 to 6 hours depending on traffic.


Ashley is from New England. And Bryan is from the mid-west. They wanted a relaxed coastal wedding in a serene setting with LOTS of delicious food. Because after all, Ashley is a food scientist and these two know a thing or two about artisan cuisine. Their Mount Hope Farm wedding was authentically designed for them in every way! From the beer pouring unity ceremony (who needs sand when you have beer?) and the raw bar overlooking the ocean to the thoughtfully curated menu, this wedding was pretty epic. My favorite part of the day was right after our sunset photo session when the sky set FIRE. It was pretty gray looking up until that magical point, so I ran in and grabbed them for a few more photos!
Beautiful work! Love the image of the couple's feet running through the grass!


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Palo Alto School Mourns Teen Killed on Track
Published May 6, 2009 • Updated on May 6, 2009 at 12:30 pm
The end of the school year at Gunn High School in Palo Alto will be a sad one as students are forced to deal with the death of a student killed on a train track near school.
The unnamed student was hit by a Northbound train Tuesday morning at the East Meadow Drive crossing around 8:30 a.m.
The lights and warning bells were activated as the train approached the crossing, Caltrain spokeswoman Christine Dunn said.
School officials sent out messages on Tuesday to students and parents telling them of the death, but not saying who had died.
"As you welcome your children home this evening and tell them you love them, I encourage you to talk with them about the importance of letting caring adults in their lives know if they are having problems," Principal Noreen Likins said.
The message from the seems to indicate it may have been a suicide.
But nothing has been determined. "It could have been inattention," Dunn said.
Grief counselors are on hand today to help students cope with the loss.
The Santa Clara County medical examiner's office is expected to release the teen's name this afternoon.
The death was the second fatality on Caltrain tracks in as many days. A female pedestrian was struck and killed by a southbound train Monday morning, just north of the San Antonio station in Mountain View.
Copyright BAYCN - Bay City News


n. 1. a second (or subsequent) action to increase the effectiveness of an initial action. Also used attributively; as a follow-up visit.
2. (Journalism) A subsequent story providing information discovered or events happening after a first story was published.
3. (Journalism) Same as sidebar.
Noun 1. follow-up - a piece of work that exploits or builds on earlier work; "his new software is a follow-up to the programs they started with"


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Events Home Flashbox News & Updates
Bonnaroo Attendee Dies After Found Unresponsive at Campgrounds
27-year-old man who was camping with his father had "underlying medical condition," organizers say
Daniel Kreps Jun 17, 2019
A 27-year-old man died after suffering a "medical situation" at the Bonnaroo campgrounds Saturday, organizers announced. Photo: Amy Harris/Invision/AP/Shutterstock
A 27-year-old man died after suffering a "medical situation" at the Bonnaroo campgrounds Saturday, organizers announced.
A medical team at the Manchester, Tennessee festival were called to the campgrounds and found the man unresponsive and breathing. The Bonnaroo EMS team and Coffee County Emergency Medical Services arrived minutes later and administered CPR, but the man – who was camping at the festival with his father – was pronounced dead after being transported to a nearby hospital, the Tennessean reports.
"Earlier today, our medical team in Plaza 11 was asked to respond to a medical situation in a nearby campsite," the festival said in a statement (via Manchester Times).
"A 27-year-old male patron camping with his father was unresponsive. The medical team administered CPR, and he was transported to the hospital. We understand that he had an underlying medical condition, and that, unfortunately, he has died. We have no further information at this time."
The Coffee County Sheriff's Department is investigating the death but do not suspect foul play. Neither the festival or the sheriff's department would release additional information about the man's name or "underlying medical condition," but WTVF reports the man was from nearby Brentwood, Tennessee.
In 2018, a 32-year-old man died at the Bonnaroo campgrounds; a toxicology report later revealed that the man had cocaine, MDMA and alcohol in his system.
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Ryan Reed May 08


Last Friday I had an appointment with a neurologist to see if they could determine what is causing this crazy vertigo I have. "It's not normal", says my ENT.
However, last Friday, I didn't want to leave the house because the threat of ice and sleet was all but certain for our roadways. I've come to really trust what our meterologist, Austin Bowling, tells us on Channel 7. Parts of our area were already being hit early in the early a.m., but it hadn't hit us on the eastend of my county here in Oklahoma, yet. I considered canceling my appointment, but appreciated the fact I'd gotten in to see this specialist as soon as I did and didn't want to postpone it.
I entered at 10:45 a.m. and walkways were still dry. After waiting for 45 minutes in the office, I'd called my husband, and he said it had started icing over in area. I wasn't concerned so much about driving in the icy rain (hadn't driven in New England for 15 years without developing courage on icy roads). My concern was walking on ice with my cane. I envisioned myself slipping on the sidewalks and cracking my already messed up noggin beyond fixing. By the time I finished with my doctor the clock was hugging 1:45 p.m..
I'm checking out of the doctor's office and hubby calls.
"Which building are you in?"
I tell him and he tells me when I'm done to meet him in the lobby with my car key and he'll get my car and bring it to me.
So...I meet him downstairs about 20 minutes later, and he says, "take a seat". I watch him trek out to my car in the freezing rain. People came and went in the lobby as my husband warms up and scrapes all the ice off my car. Then hubby drives the car around to the Medical office curb, walks me to my car, puts me inside, kisses me good-bye and sends me on my merry way home. He goes back to his truck and returns to work.
Was I grateful? You betcha. Not just for that day and that relief, but that the Lord blessed me with such a thoughtful knight-in-shining-armor over forty-nine years ago.
One man in the lobby of the medical building lobby said to me as he watched my husband helping me, "Chivalry is not dead, yet." And I replied, "neither is love."
I just want to say thank-you to all of those who read my blog and other devotionals I write. I pray that in some way I am a help to you. Through the years I have benefited from people who wrote encouraging words, devotionals, and books that kept me growing in Christ. I am so grateful for them. I am also grateful to you who have taken time to write a comment, or send an email of encouragement to me as I write the things I write, find a kernel of inspiration, hope, or comfort.
Lately, I've been doing a lot of thinking about my writing. A lot. I've been asking myself alot of questions, and re-evaluating myself in light of prayer, scripture and godly counsel. I have yet to make any hard and fast decisions, but I've come to a few conclusions which I will share in later posts. Suffice it to say at this time, that the season of Thanksgiving is in the air and my heart is simply full of immeasurable gratitude for you my readers. Each and every one of you.


Suspicious thoughts about other people.
Projects and worries about fantasies concerning people, coworkers and one's abilities related to them.
Connected with rebirth and spring.
Young man, the beauty and the risk taking leading to accidents.


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Episode 161 - Was there a Split in the Trinity at the Cross?
I wonder if you've ever sung the song that says "the Father turned His face away." Often we might sing that at Good Friday or Easter, but what it seems to present is that while Jesus was on the cross, the Father couldn't even look at the Son, and in fact some people have gone far enough to say that there was maybe even a division in the Godhead at the cross, at the crucifixion as Jesus took on and was credited with the sins of the world.
Here's what the gospel according to Mark says, in Mark 15: "Now when it was around noon, darkness came over the whole land until three in the afternoon. At around three o'clock, Jesus cried out with a loud voice. "Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani," which means My God, my God, why have You forsaken me."
And some of us just stop right there, and some people throughout the centuries have stopped and said, "Oh my gosh, the Father forsook the Son. There was a division there. The Father couldn't look on the Son. There was separation, there was tension. There was a problem, however you want to say it. There was some negative influence and interjection into the relationship of the Father and the Son. In other words, into the Trinity, into God Himself. And we have to ask ourselves, could this actually be?
The Cross was the Plan of the Father
There are three ways I want to attack this question today. And the first is just simply to say that the Son going to the cross was not an accident. It was the plan of the Father. The Father gives people to the Son that Jesus would then atone for them, so this wasn't an accident. Jesus going to the cross was very much an act of God. We see in Acts 2 and Acts 4 that the cross was the predetermined plan of God. He didn't just somehow want to atone for sin and save people from their sins, and get lucky in going to the cross.
No, it was his plan that he determined would happen, that he actually planned out and accomplished, because as Ephesians 1 says, "He works all things according to the council of His will." The cross is one of those things that God accomplished. And in fact, Peter in Acts 4 even says that the Jews, the Romans, everyone conspired according to the plan of God to accomplish the crucifixion. It would be kind of odd to say that the Father planned, and accomplished the crucifixion of Christ, and yet He was somehow upset with the Son in the middle of that.
But more than that, Jesus himself says, "No one takes my life, I will lay it down willingly." It's not just the Father who inflicted Himself on the Son, as it's often painted. That's not true. The Son willingly laid down his life. No one takes it. It was his pleasure to come, and die, according to the Father's will, but also for his people.
There are multiple intents of the cross. There's the intent of the Father, there's the intent of the Son, there's the intent of those murdering him. All of these intents are different or dissimilar in some ways, but in some, they're very much similar. The Father and the Son are willing the same thing to happen at the cross. Two different persons, one God, willing the same thing. That's the first reason. It doesn't make sense to say that the Father would be upset with the Son, or that there would be a division, when God was actually accomplishing His very plan.
God Cannot Be Divided
The second thing to point out, though, is that God is one. He is simple. That's kind of a theological term, actually. You might be thinking, "That is the simplest theological term I've ever heard," and you would probably be right. But when we talk about the fact that God is simple, what we mean is that He's not made of parts. Jesus isn't a third of God, because he's one person of God. He's one of the three members in the Trinity. He's fully God.
You can't break God up into parts, just like you can't separate out His love from His justice. There's not a part of Him that's loving, and a part of Him that's just. No, He is fully loving, He is fully just. He is fully holy. God's attributes aren't parts of Him, He is all of them. He is simple, He can't be divided. There is nothing that you can take away from God, and Him still be God. Because there's nothing you can take away from Him. He is Himself.
We are not that way. I have attributes, I have parts of me. I am a dependent and a conditional creature. That's very different than what God is. All of that to say, there couldn't be a division in God, because there aren't parts of God. God is one. That's what the Shema tells us in Deuteronomy, "Hear, O Israel! The Lord our God, the Lord is one!" He is one God. But throughout Scripture, we see that God has a unitary essence and being. He is one "thing." He's not a thing like other things. He's personal, he's tri-personal. He is a being, but nonetheless, you can't divide him into parts. It doesn't make sense to say there was a division in God, because that's just impossible, based on the type of being that God is.
Often there are questions asked of God that don't make sense for the type of being He is. For instance, some people say, "When did God begin to exist?" Well since God, by definition, is an unbeginning being, it's a category error for me to say, "When did he begin to exist?" It'd be kind of like saying, "Does the color blue smell good?" Smell is not something that colors have. If they do, you should probably see your doctor. Nonetheless, it's a category error to say, "How heavy is the number one?" It's also the same thing to say, "How many parts are there in God?" God is not the type of being that has parts. Numbers don't smell, letters don't have weight, God does not have parts. There couldn't actually be a division in God because of God's simplicity, that He is one thing, one being, not comprised of parts in any way.
Jesus is not a third of God, so there's not a fraction that could be separated out there. That's the second way we could look at this.
The first way is simply to say that the Son was simply doing what the Father wanted him to, and he was doing what he wanted to do, in spite of the fact that it was incredibly painful. The second thing, is that there's the doctrine of divine simplicity that actually guards against that type of inappropriate interpretation of Scripture. There's actually what perhaps should be a more obvious reason. But I think for us, sometimes, is less obvious.
Jesus Didn't Give Up Hope, He Quoted a Psalm
When Jesus says, "My God, my God why have you forsaken me," we take it as, "Oh that's just what he's saying, that's the end of it. He's expressing one thought and that's it. That's the extent of his thought." But that's not actually true. If you have a Bible that's made more recently, a translation translated more recently, likely it does something different in how it presents the type and the font of Old Testament quotations when they're used in the New. For instance, I really like the New English Translation. I have worked with Bible.org in some form or capacity for over 10 years, and Bible.org is a ministry of the Biblical Studies Foundation. They commissioned the translation of the New English Translation to be free translation, a scholarly, reputable translation with tens of thousands of translator's notes, over 50,000, that explain to you why they made the decisions they made.
What the NET Bible does, the New English Translation, is it actually puts Old Testament quotations in bold when they're in the New Testament. You see the inter-textual links between the Old and the New. This kind of goes back to what we talked about last week, that there is a ton of Old Testament in the New Testament. You can't just get rid of the Old Testament and actually understand the New Testament. Other translations do this, too. The Christian Standard Bible presents Old Testament quotations in either bold or italics, I can't remember. It's a really helpful tool.
If you had a translation like this, you would see that, "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me," is actually an Old Testament quotation. More than that, I would say an Old Testament, maybe, allusion.
It's pulling in more than just that quote. It's not just that Jesus said, "Oh, well that's cool. There were some words in the Old Testament, specifically in the Psalms. I think I'll say those." No, it's actually a reference to Psalm 22, which starts out,
"My God, my God, why have you forsaken me? Why are you so far from saving me, so far from my cries of anguish?"
Jesus is using the first line of the Psalm to call attention to the entire Psalm, just like we do that today. We will say the beginning of a phrase and then someone will finish it.
We often do this with our kids, right? Or, maybe a catechism actually starts that way. Or, we begin a verse, "For God works all things according to good," and hopefully, what we mean is, "according to those who were called according to His purpose and who love Him." We might say other things. "In the beginning ..." and what we're referring to is "In the beginning, God created the heavens and the Earth." We say the first part, and the person who knows and is familiar with the material can fill in the rest.
The Jews were intimately familiar with the Psalms. When Jesus says, "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me," he is capturing Psalm 22. We're not going to read all of that today, because it would be several minutes, but I would encourage you to. I want to pull out some parts from that for our benefit today.
One, it starts by saying,
"My God, my God, why have you forsaken me? Why are you so far from saving me?" "Our ancestors put their trust in you, they trusted you, and you delivered them."
Then it goes on to say,
"All who see me mock me. They hurl insults, shaking their head. They say, 'He trusts in the Lord, let the Lord rescue him. Let the Lord deliver him.'"
This fits the picture of the cross, doesn't it? It also goes on to say,
"Bulls surround me. Roaring lions that tear their prey open their mouths wide against me."
Poetic imagery, because this is poetry, of being surrounded by enemies, and being devoured.
He's saying,
"I'm poured out like water. All of my bones are out of joint. My heart had turned to wax. It is melted inside of me."
Jesus had blood and fluids pooling around his heart and his lungs, we know from John's description of what happened when he was stabbed.
"My mouth is dried up like a potsherd. My tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth."
These are pictures of Jesus on the cross, also. He says,
"I thirst." "Dogs surround me. A pack of villains encircle me. They pierce my hands and my feet. All of my bones are on display. People stare and gloat over me."
There's an incredible picture. I'm struggling for words here, because this was written so far before there was even crucifixion, when people's hands and feet would have actually been pierced. We have a description here of crucifixion, and being surrounded by Gentiles. "My bones are on display," what would have happened after he had been flogged, before being put on the cross. People are standing and gloating.
It continues,
"They divide my clothes amongst them and they cast lots for my garments."
That's exactly what happened at the cross. "But," it says,
"you Lord, do not be far from me. You are my strength, come quickly to help. Deliver me from the sword. Rescue me from the mouth of lions." It continues, "I will declare your name to my people. In the assembly, I will praise you. You who fear the Lord, praise him! All the descendants of Jacob, honor Him! For He has not despised or scorned the suffering of the afflicted one."
This is Jesus, he's capturing these words on the cross.
"He's not hidden his face, but has listened to his cry for help. From you comes the theme of my praise in the great assembly. Before those who fear you, I will fulfill my vows."
What vows? I think of some, for instance, John 6: "All that the Father gives me, I will raise up." So many other promises too, that Jesus made. He goes on to say that,
"All the ends of the Earth will remember and turn to the Lord. All the families of the nations will bow down before him. For dominion belongs to the Lord, and He rules over the nations. All the rich of the Earth will feast and worship. All who go down to the dust will kneel before him."
Here's how this Psalm ends:
"Posterity will serve him. Future generations will be told about the Lord."
Who's the Lord? Jesus.
"They will declare his righteousness, declaring to a people yet unborn, he has done it."
Those last four words, "He. has. done. it." Jesus also says something very similar, at the cross, "It is finished." Why? Because he has done it.
This Psalm, like many lament Psalms, and that's the type this is, has a formula to it. It starts with an address to God, it has petitions for rescue, it describes a trouble, it gives reasons why God should answer, and then it declares assurance. It ends with praise and doxology. Isn't that incredible?
We miss this if we don't realize that Jesus on the cross is referring us to the whole Psalm. It's not an affirmation of a division or a rejection of Jesus from the Father. In fact, it's the exact opposite. It expresses a confidence in the Father. A confidence in God, a confidence that future generations will praise him, that they will proclaim his righteousness, literally his goodness. They will declare to a people yet unborn, who is us, that Jesus has done it. That at the cross, it was finished. Our sin debt was paid for, as Paul says in Romans, God was seen to be just in punishing sins, and also the justifier, the person who credits righteous, other people. Of those who place their faith in Christ, he is both just and the justifier, and we see that in what Jesus quotes here.
It captures, more fully, what happened at the cross. One, we just need to know our Bibles better, because even if we didn't have that in bold, we should still probably know the Psalms well enough to know this is an Old Testament allusion. We need to know the context of Psalms, the context of Old Testament quotations. Once again, the New Testament was not written to be dropped out of the sky without an understanding of the Old Testament, to make sense of it. They fit together intricately, intimately, and importantly. We must be able to see and learn about those links.
A good translation, a modern one that calls out Old Testament quotations can be helpful, but let's not persist in carrying on this idea that there was a division in the Godhead at the cross. There wasn't. The Father delighted in the Son accomplishing salvation, because the intent of salvation, while there are many, the prime intent is for God to glorify himself in the saving of a people for himself. I am thankful, for one, that God chose to do that, that I am a beneficiary of the love of God, that He has saved me to then glorify him, as we seen in Ephesians 1, that salvation is to the praise of his glorious grace.
Let's not get the theology of what happened at the cross wrong. Such that we create theological problems, and even inter-Biblical problems. The Bible is united. It presents a cohesive understanding of things. It's our job to align our understanding with what Scripture presents.
I'll talk with you next week on Unapologetic.
Newer PostEpisode 162 - Why Is God Necessary?
Older PostEpisode 160 - What's New About New Testament Morality?


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


ENGLAND will have to bat again in order to win the second Test at Chester-le-Street after Sri Lanka's batsmen continued to frustrate them.
The tourists have moved six runs ahead after finishing the morning session on 403-6.
England have claimed just one wicket in the whole of today's play, with James Anderson removing Milinda Siriwardana in the fifth over.
Siriwardana edged to Alex Hales in the gully to depart for 35, but Dinesh Chandimal and Rangana Herath have combined to add 89 in an unbroken seventh-wicket partnership.
Chandimal was dropped by Jonny Bairstow on 69, with the wicketkeeper failing to claim an inside edge, and the Sri Lankan made the most of his reprieve as he went on to claim his first Test century outside Asia.
He brought up his hundred with a boundary to third man, and finished the morning's play unbeaten on 106.
Herath is 37 not out, with England's bowlers having toiled despite cloudy overhead conditions.


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Top 5 African cities on Facebook
My most-trusted source for Facebook stats, SocialBakers, states that Top 5 African Cities by Facebook Users are:
Graph 1: Top 5 African Cities on Facebook
The list above was compiled from SocialBakers' Global Top 120 Cities.
At first glance, I thought this was interesting. However, common sense dictated that something was amiss with the list of cities in Graph 1, thus it need to be validated. The exercise started with ranking of Top 5 African Countries on Facebook, using the same source, SocialBakers. The result deepened my curiosity, as shown in Graph 2:
Graph 2: Top 5 African Countries on Facebook, by Users
Given rapidly growing mobile phone access on the African continent that far outstrips landline access and thus influences Internet access, the Top 5 Countries by Number of Mobile Phones is as follows:
Graph 3: Top 5 African Countries by Number of Mobile Phones
According to StatWorld's 2009 report, the ratio of number of mobile phones to landlines in Africa is 44:1. DRC virtually has no landlines with a ratio of 223:1.
The last step was to look at Top 5 African Metropolitan Cities by population size. This was to see if SocialBakers' Top 5 Cities on Facebook appear at all in the list, and none of them do:
Graph 4: Top 5 African Metropolises by Population Size
The only caution relating to Graph 4 is that the population sizes come from Census years that are far apart in some cases – Lagos (2006), Cairo (2006), Kinshasa (1998), Johannesburg (2007) and Khartoum (1993). The worrisome population sizes would be for Kinshasa and Khartoum, and I am not qualified to venture into any speculation about what could have happened to these two metropolises ever since. Being that as it may, these are the official numbers and I am going to work with them as they are.
My analysis shows that the closest stats are found in Graphs 2 and 3, albeit with a slightly different ranking order. This did not concern me at all given the different metrics that were used. Graph 4 has 3 of the 5 countries found in Graphs 2 and 3. Graph 1 is the odd man out, and this confirmed my common sense that something was indeed amiss.
The analysis above lead me to believe that SocialBakers' ranking of African cities on Facebook is not accurate. But this has not affected the trust I have in this source as the best for Facebook stats. The only explanation could be that this metric is still in Beta version. I have sent SocialBakers developers an email pointing this out. Unfortunately, I had not received feedback by the time this blog post "went to press". I subsequently received their response, and the body of the email is here below.
SocialBakers Email Response, received 14:26, 14/04/12
I am waiting with anticipation for ultimate publishing of accurate report (hopefully not for too long). This will add another feather in the hat of social media's power of analytics.
Key insight: Do not use only one source for online stats, where possible. The more reputable the source, the better. At the same time, beware of analysis paralysis. My rule of thumb is minimum 2 and maximum 5 sources, depending on the objective of the analysis.
Do you use a different rule of thumb when performing online analytics? Share your experience with me by leaving your comment below.
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First Apology Against The Pagans
Introduction, Symbology & Narrative, Iconography,
Numerology, Cryptography, Final Statement
First Apology Against The Pagans is a collection of 999 works created over the period 2018-2021 on Superchain. It is intended to be a definitional work of cryptographic art, elaborating on the central "crypto" themes of numbering, permanence, and devotion to a utopian cause. These 999 works establish the "Bloc" as a medium and the Superchain as a platform for art.
It has often been observed that crypto enthusiasts treat the technology like a religion. If we look at the broad sweep of human history, we see that the works which best incorporate numbering, permanence, and utopianism are works of Scripture. First Apology Against The Pagans draws heavily from world scripture as a theme and as a guide to its narrative structure.
"The entire universe is perfused with signs, if it is not composed exclusively of signs."
– Charles Sanders Pierce
Central to the visual presence of religion in the world is the use of signs and symbols. Signs and symbols are also foundational in mathematics, the underlying discipline that enables cryptography and technology as a whole. And modern life is awash in symbols, from brand logos to the icons of cryptocurrencies.
Iconolatry (n): The worship of icons or images; worship or adoration of icons as idols.
We live in an iconolatrous era. The image is everywhere, and increasingly we communicate through the use of images alone. In its 999 pieces, First Apology is a sweeping look at symbology and iconography, from the ancient to the modern world.
We live, too, in an era of numbers; and a central characteristic of titling cryptographic art pieces has been the number. The collection explores numerological themes throughout, from 喜1 "The Genesis Bloc" to 喜999 "Revelation X:XX". One work was created and published every day for almost three years to create a numbered narrative tapestry.
The creation of First Apology was begun in the East, continued in the West, and completed in the Center of the world map. Along the way, two forty-day fasts were completed of no food, only water. The first was in 2019, privately, beginning with 喜201 "Led By The Spirit" and ending with 喜240 "Forty Days, Forty Nights". The second was in 2021, captured on-camera and on-blockchain to create 喜928 "How Do You Put A Human On A Blockchain?"
The title of the collection is an homage to the religious idea of persecution in the world, before the eventual triumph of a heavenly kingdom. "First Apology" is a reference to St. Justin Martyr of Palestine, who was killed by the Roman authorities in the Second Century for practicing his faith. St. Justin's First Apology is a landmark work of religious apologetics. "Against The Pagans" is a reference to St. Augustine, whose seminal work On The City of God Against The Pagans paints human history as a conflict between the Earthly City and the City of God. The Earthly City, led by the Devil, consists of those who devote themselves to the cares and pleasures of the world, which is temporary. The City of God, by contrast, consists of those that shun these, devoting themselves instead to the truths of God. Though the City of God must endure suffering in the present time, it ultimately secures a victory that is total, final, and eternal.
Symbology and Narrative
The first piece, 喜1 "The Genesis Bloc", is also the first Bloc in the Superchain. It establishes the Superchain symbol of "喜" as the index value for all the works contained thereafter. 喜 is the character in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean for "joy". It is prized for its similarity to the number 8, which is a highly fortunate number in the East, and of course symbolic of the eternal and infinite. Finally, it is representative of a human being wearing a crown: man as ruling, rather than ruled by, technology; humanity expressing itself through art, as made in the image of God, as opposed to the coming threat of art made by machines.
喜1 "The Genesis Bloc"
The early symbology and simplicity is then developed. First started in China, and developed throughout Asia, the early works in the First Apology mine the riches of Eastern symbology, theology, and aesthetics for inspiration. These are combined with the overarching themes of the collection, and introducing an examination of the role of technology in art.
喜2 "No Snakes" + 喜13 "Physical"
喜40 "888START" + 喜56 "Balance / 11"
As the collection progresses, the Eastern is combined with the Western:
喜95 "Apollo / Dionysus" + 喜109 "Silence"
喜122 "Mastery" + 喜123 "ALPHABET"
The exploration of iconography develops to include many symbols of the modern:
喜137 "All Love" + 喜168 "Delivery!"
喜181 "Clandestine" + 喜200 "We Have Your Planet Surrounded"
Historic images begin to be incorporated and adapted to reflect the history of art as originating in the religiously symbolic, and the development of sophisticated skill and technique into realizing these visions. Occasionally, the historic is adapted and filtered to monochrome, focusing attention on the imagery as opposed to the color; other times, it is heavily colorized, to draw contrast between the ancient and the modern style.
喜210 "Counsel" + 喜239 "Reborne"
喜271 "Ascetic / Mystic" + 喜297 "Thursday"
The famous use of symbology in the alchemic, occult, and astrological is drawn in:
喜415 "PURIFIED" + 喜596 "Pisces VIII"
Blocs 600 to 665 are named for the books of the King James Bible, with the incorporation of the scriptural moved from peripheral to central:
喜600 "Genesis" + 喜649 "Philippians"
Bloc 666 (stylized XXX) blends the basic and the complex, establishing electricity and technology as worldly tools of the Earthly City, and formalizing the Adversary as its leader and the narrative foe:
喜XXX "TECHNO-SATAN CONQUERED"
The transition of technology to the center of the narrative opens up the exploration of space, cryptography, and the crypto community's taste for numbers and lunar imagery:
喜738 "New Horizon" + 喜805 "I Saw The Figure 8 In Gold"
喜856 "Signed" + 喜866 "Fair Moon"
As the narrative approaches the end, the idea of Adversarial control of technology is developed in thought and image:
喜889 "Metaverse" + 喜906 "Electricity"
喜943 "Depth Perception" + 喜965 "Narcissus"
喜928 "How Do You Put A Human On A Blockchain?"
The final Blocs of the collection move explicitly into eschatology, drawing from the book of Revelation. They imagine a future of all science and technology as part of an explicit government/demonic "Beast system", with the Beast itself ultimately slain by God:
喜969 "Morning Star Direct" + 喜989 "Government Mandated Happy Faces"
喜992 "33rd Temple" + 喜999 "Revelation X:XX"
The works of First Apology Against The Pagans and the development of Superchain itself were deeply informed and inspired by Byzantine iconography, and Orthodox theology regarding the image. Icons of the Byzantine style, while simple, depict archetypes and symbols long known to followers of the tradition. In this way the simplest images can acquire infinite depth.
喜888 "Alpha + Omega"
This metaphysical dimension is also understood by the theorists of semiotics:
"A symbol is always in general and, however precise its translation, an artist can restore to it only its movement: there is no word-for-word rendering. Moreover, nothing is harder to understand than a symbolic work. A symbol always transcends the one who makes use of it and makes him say in reality more than he is aware of expressing."
– Albert Camus
"Semiotics is in principle the discipline studying everything which can be used in order to lie. If something cannot be used to tell a lie, conversely it cannot be used to tell the truth: it cannot in fact be used "to tell" at all."
– Umberto Eco
The Byzantine tradition, well aware of the capability of all images to lie, uses archetypal imagery to direct the viewer to truth. The figures in icons are often pictured holding pieces of scripture, because while the image may be unreliable, the Word is the truth of God.
Inspired by this, Superchain is constructed so that every Bloc must have at least one image as well as one piece of text. This allows the artist to elaborate and create richer works. While signs and symbols are explored at various levels of complexity throughout the narrative tapestry of the First Apology, the final eschatological "chapter" strips the iconography down to the most fundamental, and extends the use of words to elaborate the images.
喜996 "The Worm" + 喜998 "Siempre"
The use of numbers is foundational to the entire practice of cryptography. It has also taken on a central role in cryptographic art, from the random and algorithmic creation of generative art pieces to the labeling of the works within the large collections that result.
Numerology has also had a long history in the occult and esoteric, as well as Eastern spiritual practice. The divination numbers of the I Ching have been used in China for thousands of years. The Jewish mysticism of the Kabbalah and the secret brotherhoods of the Freemasons have fanatical devotion to numbers. And all scriptural books and verses are distinguished by their numbering.
喜333 "What's Good?"
First Apology Against The Pagans is filled with "easter eggs" for those with a numerological eye. Many traditions are referenced. Early in the narrative, the number 8 is particularly common, as the symbol of the infinite and eternal. 8 is also "33" mirrored and merged, 33 being notable as the favorite number of the Freemasons (as their highest rank), the third numerological "Master Number", and the age of Jesus at crucifixion. Two eights, 88 "喜喜" or "Double Happiness" from Chinese culture also feature, as do three eights, 888 "Super Rich", a particularly auspicious number in China.
Towards its conclusion, the First Apology narrative tapestry rolls all the numerology into the supremacy of God, as is the tradition in Christian numerology, where the name of Jesus (Ιησους) has the perfect value 888. The final piece, Revelation X:XX, is found at 喜999, symbolizing the "Number of the Beast" inverted and thus the defeat of the Adversary.
By limiting the collection to 999 pieces, First Apology allows for a full exploration of the themes of the work, particularly the numerological aspects, while offering a clean thematic and numeric slate at 喜1000 and beyond for new artists to create on Superchain.
Cryptography & Technology
Superchain is designed to be "above chains", as per the Latin meaning of the word "super". Each Bloc is a cryptographically signed work, that also includes the hash value of every previous work in the tapestry, thus creating a chain of Blocs – a blockchain. By eliminating the technological dependence on any single blockchain, Superchain is a "free agent" in terms of where its content is stored and viewable, increasing robustness. True to form for a crypto project, it has a whitepaper, stored on Superchain at 喜887 "Superchain Whitepaper" which lays out the artistic and technological vision of the platform.
First Apology aims to set a landmark standard for meaning in crypto art, particularly the meaning enabled by censorship resistance and permanence.
The censorship resistance of crypto art allows for it to sidestep cultural gatekeepers, and enables artists to address controversial or taboo topics in a staid cultural environment. Over the course of the three years across many countries making the First Apology, many artists and creatives provided input who had found themselves censored in their own nations, including the USA and China. Crypto art can break these chains.
喜46 "See No Evil" + 喜47 "Hear No Evil" + 喜48 "Speak No Evil"
喜49 "非禮勿視" + 喜50 "非禮勿聽" + 喜51 "非禮勿言"
The permanence, and immutability, of crypto art is a sea change from the cultural incentives that have existed in the internet age and in the modern world of art. The internet has become dominated by social media platforms where content is ephemeral, and much of the "old internet" no longer exists. The world of art has followed, being increasingly trends-based, whether that is aesthetic trends or in the selection of artists who find viewership for only a short time. By bucking these trends, crypto art can create spaces where art is created and can be appreciated forever – and thus artists can once again aspire to the eternal.
Final Statement
It has taken almost three years to complete this work, due both to the amount of labor involved and the intentional design of Superchain to only accommodate one work per day. That is roughly the time it took for Michelangelo to complete the David, and while I can claim no such mastery, I do hope that the work will inspire people to fight against all odds against the various Goliaths oppressing us today.
One of those is a long-existing but well-hidden control system in art. I have met and sourced input from hundreds of artists in my travels around the world completing this work. I have had the experience of being very rich and very poor. For related reasons, I have had the opportunity to meet and work with people at all levels levels of the art hierarchy, across the world, from the bottom to the very top. In doing so I have uncovered a very malicious scheme being operated, which after the completion of this work I have written about in a series of articles titled The Great Art Conspiracy. It is against my nature to stay silent when I uncover such a thing, much as it might be against my interest to publish it.
First Apology is a large volume of work into which I have poured my heart, soul, and a slice of my mind. Ultimately, it is intended to inspire happy warriors, to bring joy – as the 喜 symbol represents. Viewing any one piece in the collection is to view just 0.1% of the whole. I hope that you might return to it more than once over time, and engage with its various "chapters". And in the end, amongst them all, I hope you might find a few pieces that will stick with you forever.


This article was originally published as: Bahn, S. T. (2014). Health and safety leadership skills: Supervisors' uptake of vocational training . Journal of Health, Safety and Environment, 30(1), 23-37. Original article available here.
This paper presents the findings from a study that explored perceptions of health and safety leadership skills of supervisors working in three medium to large civil construction firms in Western Australia. The paper has two key contributions: first it analyses the supervisors' management style using Hersey and Blanchard's situational leadership model. Second it details the vocational training that they undertook before promotion to a supervisory role and while they were continuing to work in that role. Eighty per cent of the sample undertook no training prior to becoming a supervisor and 60% of this same group were not undertaking vocational training. The paper argues that leadership ability and management style would be better supported by dedicated training in supervision. However, from the scan of available training in this area it is evident it is very limited in Australia and particularly in Western Australia.


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Public Investments Key to WA Governor's Recovery Vision
Drug-Policy Advocates Call for Restitution in Marijuana Legalization
Governor: KY Budget Ready to Tackle Pandemic Losses
Groups Demand Cancellation of Federal Student-Loan Debt
ADA Turns 20: How Far Has NH Come?
CONCORD, N.H. - The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which was signed into law 20 years ago today, is a wide-ranging civil rights law prohibiting discrimination in employment and requiring access to goods and services. The federal law applies to people with disabilities of all kinds.
Richard Cohen, executive director of a statewide advocacy agency, the Disabilities Rights Center based in Concord, says New Hampshire has made some good, but modest, gains when it comes to access in public places and schools.
"Just go to any Main Street or any mall, and you can see many more people with physical disabilities present in the community. There are certainly far more kids with disabilities in public schools and in regular classrooms than there were 20 years ago."
In the workplace, Cohen says improvements have been made in hiring people with physical disabilities. However, when it comes to those with mental disabilities - such as returning veterans who have brain injuries or people who have learning disabilities from birth - he says employers need more education.
"There's a perception that people with either a learning or intellectual disability can't do certain types of work. Most of those folks can, if they're well-trained and the employer is willing to provide some reasonable accommodations."
In terms of public buildings being ADA-compliant, in New Hampshire it is still a mixed bag, Cohen adds, because a large majority of structures are quite old and are not required to be compliant. New construction or renovations must be ADA-accessible. For many building owners, it boils down to cost, he says, but aid is available.
"Sometimes grants are available to make places accessible. In addition to that, really extensive tax credits and tax deductions are to be had."
The biggest challenges that the state continues to face are old attitudes and stigma, Cohen says, but through continued education and awareness, much is still possible.
Monique Coppola, Public News Service - NH


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How a Father's Love Reimagined Internet Safety
June 11, 2019 June 12, 2019 / Securly
Father's Day offers a moment to pause and honor the dad in your life. Dads can feel like the unsung heroes in the family. Dads work with their partner in family plans and parenting guidelines. Dads encourage kids to get up, dust off, and try again. And of course, dads live and breathe to protect their children night and day.
Ensuring children's safety can feel paramount to fathers. Whether snapping on bike helmets or buckling up seat belts, Dads move through their days with children's safety always in the back of their minds. It's this fierce paternal instinct to protect his then-newborn son that inspired Securly co-founder and CEO Vinay Mahadik to find a way to make the internet a safer environment for all kids.
To commemorate Father's Day, we spoke with Mahadik as he discussed the concept behind Securly, the importance of internet safety, and what it means to be a parent in the tech age.
Parental Protection Fueled by Entrepreneurial Passion
A year before co-founding Securly in 2012, Mahadik was a senior R&D manager at McAfee. He shared an entrepreneurial spirit with his colleague Bharath Madhusudan, and the two connected on what to build on their own. Venturing in underserved enterprise security arenas resonated with them, as they came from this sector.
Mahadik and Madhusudan aspired to create a solution and team that would deliver a long-lasting impact on society, and researched different avenues. "I wanted to build something that wasn't just another flavor of the year app or website to attract a bunch of eyeballs and then disappear the next year," explained Mahadik.
Around the same time, Mahadik's first born Ayaan arrived on the scene. Like any new parent, Mahadik was concerned with his son's safety—in all contexts. And while Madhusudan was not yet a father at the time (he just became one six months ago), he was instinctively motivated to help kids and parents find safer methods to navigate the internet. Mahadik's innate desire to protect Ayaan, coupled with his and Madhusudan's expertise in enterprise security, compelled the two to explore children's online safety in schools and homes.
Securly Learns and Grows
Although the co-founders initially approached both parents and schools, they found schools more receptive. They kicked off with a school focus, with an eye to revisit homes down the line.
As newcomers to EdTech, Mahadik and Madhusudan began with the foundational need in children's internet safety—blocking inappropriate content. However, a year into their work, the duo discovered the dangers children face online are far more complicated.
"Kids needed help. There's a lot of mental health issues, there's a lot of anxiety from all sorts of sources—from socio-economic anxiety and relationships, to mental health issues," Mahadik explained. "We felt compelled to build solutions to allow schools to have visibility in not just which websites kids are visiting, not just blocking inappropriate websites, but also allowing schools to see what kids were searching for, and what they were saying on social media."
Interweaving this discovery with their enterprise security experience in, Mahadik and Madhusudan spent the next several years designing a full suite of solutions to transform the school online safety industry.
Filter, Securly's flagship product, allows school districts to block inappropriate content and alert parents when bullying or self-harm references are detected.
Auditor analyzes the sentiment in emails and Google docs for references to self-harm, suicidal thoughts, and bullying.
Tipline allows anyone to send anonymous tips regarding situations like self-harm and bullying, monitors emails and social media, and weeds out false alerts.
24 offers monitoring 24/7 by human analysts trained to spot alarming content and support intervention through the school as needed.
SecurlyHOME mobile app lets parents manage and monitor their child's school-owned device anywhere.
Hub by Securly allows parents to manage and monitor school and all personal devices on their home network.
Chrometools and SchoolMDM manage Chromebooks and Apple devices respectively, in schools. They were created by TechPilotLabs, which was acquired by Securly early this year.
The Next Generation in Student Safety
Although there were already a few student safety companies in the market before Securly's inception, Mahadik noticed Securly had compelling advantages. First, many of these companies built products and software not specifically designed for schools. Some features were bells and whistles schools didn't need, while others were sorely missed. Securly's products have been built with a singular focus on serving children in their school—and now home—environments.
Second, other companies used bulky, complicated appliances requiring as long as two months to set up, while Securly's cloud-based solutions came online within 15 minutes.
Finally, Securly uses an approach where many products and services across schools and homes collaborate to provide a comprehensive and unified platform for safety and engagement—bringing in admins and educators at one end, to parents and guardians at the other—to collectively shape children's lives.
The Sobering Truth About Keeping Kids Safe Online
Building Securly over the last seven years has allowed Mahadik to look at children's safety from a unique perspective. "I grew up as an introverted kid, and don't have the best of memories from my childhood as I struggled to find my identity in the universe." Mahadik reflected. "I look back now and wonder—how many other kids are similarly struggling to find their identity?"
"I have watched my extremely extroverted son on the other hand now, and seen him getting surrounded by kids on a playground and told he 'sucked' at soccer—and I couldn't help wonder how much of this must be happening when parents aren't around to help these kids know how to handle such criticism," he added.
When Securly recently considered running a nationwide campaign to offer schools a free student safety audit, some Securly leadership members wondered if these audits would be ineffective in finding anything actionable or interesting. However, Mahadik stressed that based on his experience, every school district has at least a few students who need help, and that these reports will almost always be actionable.
"This is something we should all feel collectively saddened by—that the CEO of a student safety company can feel so confident that a typical school district in the U.S. will have a fairly disturbing scorecard for student safety," he mused. "I also realized that the problem is now 10 times worse than when I grew up because of the many problems associated with access to social media and social networks."
From One Parent to Another
When asked how parents can work towards keeping their kids safe online, Mahadik had a few words of advice.
"I am not an expert on parenting myself, but given my experiences, I feel parents should help raise kids with a strong emotional backbone on handling the toughest problems life sends them and knowing how to respond. Be it bullying in school, self confidence, achievement scores, test results, relationships, etc," he said.
"I also feel parents should speak to their kids about the dangers of viral challenges, chatting with strangers on online games, and generally staying away from the dark alleys of the internet. Finally, most kids under 13 are usually not looking for trouble online, so parents should try to build some sort of a walled garden for them to explore the internet safely," Mahadik noted.
Having a parenting partner who is on the same page in terms of online child safety is tantamount to success. Mahadik's wife Nikita feels just as strongly as he in keeping Ayaan safe online, and the two collaborate in maintaining a child-friendly internet at home. Nikita is particularly worried about the effects of excessive screen time on Ayaan's ability to finish tasks that require extended periods of focus and patience.
Just a Dad
When he's not burning the candle on both ends with the Securly team to keep millions of children safe online, Mahadik is like any dad who loves being a parent. The best part of being Ayaan's dad? "Bedtime stories, dad jokes, and constantly being reminded by my son on how AI is so far behind a human's ability to learn and adapt," Mahadik said. This Father's Day, he looks forward to a relaxing day of possibly having a picnic in the park or a barbecue by the pool with his family.
← How to Deal with School Stress at the End of the Year
4 Internet Safety Tips for Kids →


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Икса (в верховье Большая Икса) — река в России, протекает по Таборинскому району Свердловской области. Устье реки находится в 338 км по левому берегу реки Тавда. Длина реки составляет 129 км.

Притоки
 45 км: Малая Икса
 61 км: Шевья
 87 км: Утья
 99 км: Песчеш

Данные водного реестра
По данным государственного водного реестра России относится к Иртышскому бассейновому округу, водохозяйственный участок реки — Тавда от истока и до устья, без реки Сосьва от истока до водомерного поста у деревни Морозково, речной подбассейн реки — Тобол. Речной бассейн реки — Иртыш.

Код объекта в государственном водном реестре — 14010502512111200012984.

Примечания

Притоки Тавды
Реки Таборинского района