text:
\section{\textbf{INTRODUCTION}}
\end{singlespace}

\begin{singlespace}
\textcolor{black}{\noun{R}}\textcolor{black}{$_{5}$}\textcolor{black}{\noun{M}}\textcolor{black}{$_{3}$(R
= rare earths, M = }\textit{\textcolor{black}{p\ }}\textcolor{black}{
block elements) compounds exist for a variety of 'M' elements such
as M = Si, Ge, Ga, Pb and Sn. The crystal structure of these binary
compounds depends upon the atomic sizes of R and M as well as the
type of the }\textit{\textcolor{black}{p}}\textcolor{black}{ \ block
element. Most of }\textcolor{black}{\noun{R}}\textcolor{black}{$_{5}$}\textcolor{black}{\noun{M}}\textcolor{black}{$_{3}$
crystallize in the Mn$_{5}$Si$_{3}$-type hexagonal structure in
which the rare earth atoms occupy two inequivalent crystallographic
4}\textit{\textcolor{black}{d\ }}\textcolor{black}{ and 6}\textit{\textcolor{black}{g}}\textcolor{black}{
\ sites located at (1/3, 2/3, 0) and (x$_{\text{R}}$},0,\textcolor{black}{1/4).
Due to the different near neighbor environment associated with the
two sites, }\textcolor{black}{\noun{R}}\textcolor{black}{$_{5}$}\textcolor{black}{\noun{M}}\textcolor{black}{$_{3}$
compounds typically show complicated magnetic structures despite their
relatively simple formula. A} variety of behaviors such as \textcolor{black}{the}
coexistence of antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic \textcolor{black}{components,
incommensurate amplitude modulated and conical spin structures and
field induced magnetic configurations are observed. The R$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$
family of compounds was first studied by Buschow and Fast, using polycrystalline
materials\citet{Buschow}}. \textcolor{black}{Bulk magnetization indicates
that}\textcolor{blue}{ }\ Ce$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ and Nd$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$
\textcolor{black}{are }ferrimagnetic; Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$\textcolor{blue}{,}
Tb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$, Dy$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ Ho$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ and Er$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$
are weak antiferromagnets at low temperature and exhibit a field induced
metamagnetic transition\citet{Buschow}. \textcolor{black}{A neutron
diffraction study on Nd$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ \citet{Schobinger}was more
revealing and the results could best be explained by assuming a collinear
antiferromagnetic double sheet structure for the Nd atoms at the 6}\textit{\textcolor{black}{g}}\textcolor{black}{
\ site and a canted (or a possible modulated) structure for the 4}\textit{\textcolor{black}{d}}\textcolor{black}{
\ atoms. Below 20 K a fairly strong ferromagnetic component can be
induced by means of an external field in Nd$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$. }
\end{singlespace}

\textcolor{black}{There are very few reports based on single crystals
of R$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$. A single crystal of Ce$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ was reported
to show dense Kondo behavior \citet{Kurisu}. Tsutaoka et al. have
reported the magnetization and electrical transport properties of
single crystals of Gd$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ and Tb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ \citet{Tsutaoka}.
Gd$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ undergoes two antiferromagnetic transitions at
76 and 52 K, respectively, while a single antiferromagnetic transition
at 79 K and a large magnetic anisotropy are observed in Tb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$.
Keeping in mind the complicated magnetic behavior of Nd$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$
in the ordered state, we have been motivated to examine the corresponding
behavior in a single crystal specimen of the neighboring Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$.
The large magnetic anisotropy in Tb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ prompted us to
study its magnetization behavior in greater detail than given in \citet{Tsutaoka}.
Accordingly, we have successfully grown single crystals of Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$
and Tb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ and the results of our magnetization study
are presented in this report.}

\begin{singlespace}

\section{\textbf{EXPERIMENT}}
\end{singlespace}

\begin{singlespace}
From the Phase diagram of the Pr-Ge and Tb-Ge system, Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$
and Tb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ were found to be congruently melting with a
melting point of 1490 $^{\circ}$C and 1900 $^{\circ}$C respectively.
Taking the advantage of this property, we decided to grow both the
single crystals by Czochralski pulling method. Starting materials
were high purity Pr (99.95 \%) and Ge (99.999\%) metals from Leico
industries. Stoichiometric amount of materials were taken to make
a 10 g (polycrystal) melt in a tetra arc furnace. A thin polycrystalline
seed rod of respective compound was immersed into the melt and pulled
at a speed of 10 mm/h in pure and dry argon atmosphere. The grown
single crystal was approximately 2-3 mm in diameter and a photograph
of Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ pulled single crystal is shown in Fig. 1.
\end{singlespace}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{\string"Fig.1\string".eps}\caption{(Color online) Photograph of pulled Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ single crystal}

\end{figure}
The phase homogeneity of the crystal was checked using the powder
X-ray diffraction. The single crystals were oriented along the principle
crystallographic directions using back reflection Laue diffraction
method and then cut \textcolor{black}{to required size} for thermal
and magnetic measurements. The magnetic measurements were performed
using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID - Quantum
Design) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM Oxford Instruments),
within a temperature range of 1.8 to 300 K and magnetic fields up
to 120 kOe. The heat capacity measurement was performed using a physical
property measurement system, PPMS (Quantum Design).

\begin{singlespace}
\begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{\string"Fig.2\string".eps}\caption{(Color online) Rietveld analysis of the X-ray powder pattern of Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$
compound. }

\end{figure}

\end{singlespace}

\begin{singlespace}

\section{\textbf{RESULT}}
\end{singlespace}

\begin{singlespace}
\textcolor{black}{As mentioned in introduction, both Pr$_{5}$G}e$_{3}$
and Tb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ form in Mn$_{5}$Si$_{3}$ type hexagonal structure
with space group P6$_{3}$/mcm (No. 193). In order to confirm the
phase homogeneity of the compounds with proper \textcolor{black}{crystallographic
and latti}ce parameters, a Rietveld analysis of the observed X-ray
pattern was done using FULLPROF program as shown in Fig. 2. \textcolor{black}{The
single phase nature of the samples was also confirmed by scanning
electron microscopy (SEM).}\textcolor{magenta}{ }The lattice parameters
obtained from the Rietveld analysis for Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ and Tb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$
are \textit{a} = 8.804 $\textrm{\AA}$ ; \textit{c} = 6.588 $\textrm{\AA}$
and \textit{a} = 8.474 $\textrm{\AA}$ ; \textit{c} = 6.305 $\textrm{\AA}$
respectively. The lattice parameters are in close agreement with the
reported ones \citet{Buschow}. The refined crystallographic parameters
for Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ are presented in Table 1 and the crystal structure
is shown in Fig. 3. The black line edges represent a unit cell consisting
of two formula units of Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$. The \textit{xy} planes
on top, bottom and \textcolor{black}{the}\textcolor{blue}{ }\ middle
which consist of only Pr atoms labeled as Pr1 represent the crystallographic
4\textit{d} planes. The remaining two planes which consist of both
Pr (labeled as Pr2) and Ge atoms represent the 6\textit{g} plane.
The crystal structure can be viewed as staking of two different \textit{xy}
planes (planes containing the 4\textit{d} and 6\textit{g} sites) alternately
staked along the '\textit{c}' axis. The rare earth atoms have different
occupancies at 4\textit{d} and 6\textit{g} crystallographic sites.
\textcolor{black}{The nearest neighbor 4}\textit{\textcolor{black}{d-}}\textcolor{black}{4}\textit{\textcolor{black}{d}}\textcolor{black}{
\ interatomic distance is 3.343 $\textrm{\AA}$ which is appreciably
shorter than that corresponding}\textit{\textcolor{black}{ }}\textcolor{black}{\ 6}\textit{\textcolor{black}{g-}}\textcolor{black}{6}\textit{\textcolor{black}{g}}\textcolor{black}{
\ atomic distance of 4.005 $\textrm{\AA}$\citet{Buschow}. The interlayer
(4}\textit{\textcolor{black}{d-}}\textcolor{black}{6}\textit{\textcolor{black}{g}}\textcolor{black}{)
atomic distance is at an intermediate value of 3.758$\textrm{\AA}$}\textit{\textcolor{black}{\citet{Buschow}.}}
\end{singlespace}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{\string"Fig.3\string".eps}\caption{(Color online) Crystal structure of Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ compound, the
black lined edges represent the unit cell. The top, bottom and the
central planes containing only Pr1 along the \textit{c} axis represent
the 4\textit{d} planes and the remaining planes containing Pr2 and
Ge represent the \textcolor{black}{6}\textit{g} planes. }

\end{figure}
\begin{table}[h]
\begin{tabular}{ccccccc}
 &  &  &  &  &  & \tabularnewline
\hline
\hline
Atom & Site  & x & y & z & U$_{{\rm eq}}$($\textrm{\AA}^{2}$) & Occ.\tabularnewline
 & Symmetry &  &  &  &  & \tabularnewline
\hline
Pr1 & 4d & 0.333 & 0.666 & 0.000 & 0.269(2) & 1\tabularnewline
Pr2 & 6g & 0.230(1) & 0.000 & 0.250 & 2.218(4) & 1.5\tabularnewline
Ge & 6g & 0.604(6) & 0.000 & 0.250 & 0.051(1) & 1.5\tabularnewline
\hline
\hline
 &  &  &  &  &  & \tabularnewline
\end{tabular}\caption{Refined crystallographic parameters for Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$}

\end{table}
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{\string"Fig.4\string".eps}\caption{(Color online)\textbf{ a:} Magnetization \textit{\textcolor{black}{vs}}.
temperature curves for Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ with field parallel to {[}10$\overline{1}$0].
\textbf{b:} \textcolor{black}{Similar} curves with field parallel
to {[}0001]. }

\end{figure}

\begin{singlespace}

\subsection{Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$}
\end{singlespace}

\begin{singlespace}
\textcolor{black}{Fig. 4a shows the magnetization }\textit{\textcolor{black}{vs}}\textcolor{black}{
\ temperature curve for Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ under zero field cooled
(ZFC) and field cooled (FC) conditions with applied low fields of
20 , 40 and 100 Oe along {[}10$\overline{1}$0] direction. Signatures
of two magnetic transitions at T$_{1}$ $\approx$ 13 K and T$_{2}$}
\textcolor{black}{$\approx$ 36 K are seen in all the three fields.
The upturn in the magnetization near T$_{2}$ suggests the onset of
ferromagnetic correlations in the }\textit{\textcolor{black}{ab}}\textcolor{black}{
\ plane}\textcolor{blue}{, }\textcolor{black}{while the transition
at 13 K appears to have an antiferromagnetic character. Its position
is independent of the applied field while the peak at higher temperature
(corresponding to T2 transition) broadens and shifts considerably
to lower temperatures as the field is increased from 20 to 100 Oe.
Thermomagnetic irreversibility under ZFC and FC conditions is observed
for the transition at 36 K, which typically occurs in ferromagnets
with large magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The latter also explains
the peak shift to lower temperatures with increasing field as arising
from an interplay of the applied and coercive field. Between T$_{1}$
and T$_{2}$ the FC magnetization decreases in a limited range as
the temperature is decreased at all fields, which is different from
the typical saturation behavior of magnetization observed in ferromagnet
in the FC mode. }
\end{singlespace}

\textcolor{black}{The magnetization with field parallel to {[}0001]
axis is shown in Fig. 4b. There is only one magnetic transition at
$\approx$ 13 K in contrast to that with field parallel to {[}10$\overline{1}$0].
The nature of the transition seems to be ferromagnetic but the negative
magnetization in the ZFC condition indicates an overall ferrimagnetic
type of behavior. In the above measurements we have ensured that the
notional zero fields in which the sample was cooled is not negative
such that the negative ZFC magnetization is not attributed to a large
coercive field. This transition seems to be the analog of that appearing
along {[}10$\overline{1}$0] direction at $\approx$13 K but the behavior
is totally different. The high field (3 kOe) susceptibility curve
is shown in Fig. 5a. Along {[}10$\overline{1}$0] direction the T$_{2}$
peak has broadened appreciably to the point of becoming almost imperceptible;
however, the low temperature peak T$_{1}$ is clearly seen. On the
other hand the magnetization along {[}0001] direction shows a ferromagnetic
ordering.} %
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{\string"Fig.5\string".eps}\caption{(Color online)\textbf{\textcolor{black}{ a:}}\textcolor{black}{ \ High
field susceptibility of Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ along {[}10$\overline{1}$0]
and {[}0001] directions with inset showing the magnetic isotherm at
2 K with field along {[}0001] direction. }\textbf{\textcolor{black}{b:}}\textcolor{black}{
\ Magnetic isotherms for Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ at 2 K along both the
two directions; the inset shows the temperature variation of magnetization
along {[}10$\overline{1}$0] direction.}}

\end{figure}
\textcolor{black}{The magnetic isotherms at 2 K for Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$
with field along {[}0001] and {[}10$\overline{1}$0] are shown in
Fig.5b with the inset showing the magnetic isotherms at 40 K, 30 K,
25 K and 15 K along the {[}10$\overline{1}$0] direction. The plots
with the field along {[}10$\overline{1}$0] show that overall the
magnetization increases as the temperature is decreased attaining
substantial values at high fields. Overall the behavior for T $\leq$
30 K appears to be a superposition of both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic
components. In particular focussing our attention on the 2 K plot
the magnetization initially increases linearly with field and then
moves towards saturation at high fields. The magnetization at low
fields is less then that along {[}0001] direction, but it overtakes
the latter at \ensuremath{\approx} 37 kOe and remains higher up to
the highest applied field of 120 kOe. The magnetization at 120 kOe
is \ensuremath{\approx} 9.3 $\mu$$_{B}$/ f.u. In the reverse direction,
the magnetization exhibits a hysteresis with a coercive field of \ensuremath{\approx}
1 kOe (not shown). Along {[}0001] direction the magnetization increases
sharply with field as expected for a ferromagnetic compound and exhibits
a hysteresis with a coercive field of 3.3 kOe as shown in the inset
of Fig 5a. The magnetization at 120 kOe is \ensuremath{\approx} 7.}8
\textcolor{black}{$\mu$$_{B}$/} f.u. %
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{\string"Fig.6\string".eps}\caption{(Color online) AC susceptibility of Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ with AC field
along {[}10$\overline{1}$0] and {[}0001] directions.}

\end{figure}

\begin{singlespace}
\textcolor{black}{In order to get more information on the complex
magnetic phenomenon revealed by DC magnetization data as presented
above, we measured the AC susceptibility of the compound with AC field
applied along the two crystallographic directions {[}10$\overline{1}$0]
and {[}0001], respectively as shown in Fig. 6. When the AC field is
parallel to {[}10$\overline{1}$0] direction, the real part of AC
susceptibility (\textgreek{q}\textasciiacute{}) shows peaks at approximately
36 and 13 K, whereas the imaginary part of AC susceptibility (\textgreek{q}\H{ })
shows a peak only at 36 K. A peak in \textgreek{q}\textasciiacute{},
reflects any type of magnetic ordering, whereas a peak in \textgreek{q}\H{ }
appears only if a ferromagnetic component is present. Hence a collinear
antiferromagnetic ordering will not reflect in the imaginary part
of AC susceptibility}. The presence of peak in both \textgreek{q}\textasciiacute{}
and \textgreek{q}\H{ } at \textcolor{black}{36 K indicates a magnetic
ordering with net ferromagnetic component, whereas the absence of
peak in \textgreek{q}\H{ } at 13 K indicates a collinear type of antiferromagnetic
ordering. This also supports our DC magnetization results where magnetization
under FC and ZFC condition bifurcates only at the T$_{2}$ tr}ansition.
\textcolor{black}{It may be noted that the peak at 13 K in \textgreek{q}\textasciiacute{}
is stronger than that at the higher temperature.}\textcolor{blue}{
}\ The increase in \textgreek{q}\H{ } at low temperatures \textcolor{black}{below
approximately 8 K is presently not understood. When the AC field is
applied along {[}0001] direction, both the real and imaginary parts
show peak at approximately 13 K, consistent with the DC magnetization
results, which show the dominant ferromagnetic behavior of the compound
along this direction.} %
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{\string"Fig.7\string".eps}

\caption{(Color online) Inverse susceptibility of Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ with a
Curie-Weiss fit.}

\end{figure}

\textcolor{black}{The inverse susceptibility of the compound along
the two directions is shown in Fig. 7. The solid lines are fits of
the Curie-Weiss law to the data and furnish $\theta$$_{P}$ = 16
K, $\mu$$_{eff}$ = 3.58 $\mu$$_{B}$ and $\theta$$_{P}$ = -10
K, $\mu$$_{eff}$ = 3.58 $\mu$$_{B}$ along {[}10$\overline{1}$0]
and {[}0001] directions respectively.}\textcolor{magenta}{ }\textcolor{black}{\ In
the paramagnetic state the susceptibility along {[}10$\overline{1}$0]
direction is higher than that along {[}0001] at high temperatures
but at low temperature the susceptibility along {[}0001] is higher
because of the ferromagnetic type of ordering (Fig. 5a). It must be
noted that the inverse susceptibility along {[}0001] direction deviates
from the Curie-Weiss fit at much higher temperature (100 K) than along
{[}10$\overline{1}$0] direction indicating a dominant crystal field
effect along the '}\textit{\textcolor{black}{c}}\textcolor{black}{'
axis of magnetization. The high temperature susceptibility and the
magnetic isotherms at 2 K show that the easy axis of magnetization
in Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ is along the }\textit{\textcolor{black}{ab}}\textcolor{black}{
\ plane.}
\end{singlespace}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{\string"Fig.8\string".eps}\caption{(Color online)\textbf{\textcolor{black}{ a:}} \textcolor{black}{Comparison
of the heat capacity of Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ and La$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$.
}\textbf{\textcolor{black}{b:}}\textcolor{black}{ the 4}\textit{\textcolor{black}{f}}\textcolor{black}{
\ contribution to the heat capacity of Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ with the
inset showing the calculated entropy.}}

\end{figure}
\textcolor{black}{The heat capacity of Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ and the
non-magnetic polycrystalline reference compound La$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$
is depicted in Fig.8a. The heat capacity of La$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ increases
monotonically with temperature as expected for a nonmagnetic compound.
The heat capacity of Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ shows a minor peak at $\approx$
13 K and then increases with increase in temperature. Above 50 K the
difference between the heat capacity of Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ and La$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$
increases for which a likely reason could be the presence of Schottky
contribution arising from the Boltzmann fractional occupation of the
thermally excited crystal electric field split levels in Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$
or La$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ may cease to be a good reference for the lattice
heat capacity at high temperatures. Some evidence for the former comes
from the fact that the high temperature part (above 100 K) of the
heat capacity of Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ could not be fitted to the sum
of electronic ($\gamma T$) and lattice contributions (Debye Integral)
alone. The 4}\textit{\textcolor{black}{f}}\textcolor{black}{ \ contribution
to the heat capacity (C$_{4f}$) of Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ (Fig.8b) was
isolated by subtracting the heat capacity of La$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ taking
into account the slightly differing atomic masses of La and Pr. The
peak at 13 K is now sharper in agreement with the magnetic ordering
along both the crystallographic axes as deduced from the magnetization
data above. There is no apparent anomaly at 36 K but a broad hump
centered at $\approx$ 25 K is seen. We believe that the magnetic
contribution to the heat capacity around 36 K may get submerged under
the over-riding Schottky anomaly which appears to be present as inferred
from the upturn in the 4}\textit{\textcolor{black}{f}}\textcolor{black}{
\ heat capacity beginning at T $\approx$ 35 K. The entropy calculated
from C$_{4f}$ is 3.2 and 6.3 J/mol-Pr K at 13 and 40 K, respectively,
compared to the value 5.76 J/mol-Pr K for a doublet ground state.
This shows that a substantial short range order exists above 13 K.
The T$_{2}$ peak in the magnetization along {[}10$\overline{1}$0]
and the hump in the heat capacity may be a signature of the short
range order. }

\begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{\string"Fig.9\string".eps}\caption{(Color online)\textbf{ a:} Magnetic susceptibility of Tb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$
along both the crystallographic direction. \textbf{b:} Inverse magnetic
susceptibility; the solid line through the data point indicate the
Curie-Weiss fit. }

\end{figure}

\subsection{Tb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$}

\begin{singlespace}
\textcolor{black}{The susceptibility of Tb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ with field
applied along the crystallographic directions is shown in Fig. 9a.
The susceptibility with field parallel to {[}10$\overline{1}$0] direction
exhibits a sharp peak at T$_{N}$ = 85 K characteristic of an antiferromagnetic
transition. The susceptibility with field parallel to {[}0001] shows
a kink at \ensuremath{\approx} 85 K followed by a broad hump at low
temperatures (between 20 to 50 K), indicating a relatively complex
behavior. The inverse susceptibility is plotted in Fig. 9b. In the
paramagnetic region the fit of the Curie-Weiss law to the data furnishes
$\theta$$_{P}$ = 62 K, $\mu$$_{eff}$ = 9.75 $\mu$$_{B}$ and
$\theta$$_{P}$ = -140 K, $\mu$$_{eff}$ = 9.6 $\mu$$_{B}$ along
{[}10$\overline{1}$0] and {[}0001] directions respectively. The magnitude
of the susceptibility along the two axes reflects the highly anisotropic
magnetic response and also shows that {[}10$\overline{1}$0] is the
easy direction of magnetization.}
\end{singlespace}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{\string"Fig.10\string".eps}

\caption{(Color online)\textcolor{black}{ Magnetic isotherm of Tb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$
with field along {[}10$\overline{1}$0], {[}0001] and {[}11$\overline{2}$0]
directions. The inset shows the expanded magnetic isotherm at low
field with arrows pointing the metamagnetic transitions.}}

\end{figure}

\begin{singlespace}
\textcolor{black}{Fig. 10 shows the magnetic isotherm of Tb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$
with field along {[}10$\overline{1}$0], {[}0001] and {[}11$\overline{2}$0]
(lies within the }\textit{\textcolor{black}{ab}}\textcolor{black}{
\ plane) directions at 2 K. We have applied fields up to 120 kOe
which exceed significantly the maximum applied field of 50 kOe used
by Tsuoka et al. As a result we see extra features in the magnetization
at high fields. The magnetization along {[}10$\overline{1}$0] direction
undergoes multiple metamagnetic transitions at \ensuremath{\approx}
34, 42, 82 and 92 kOe, respectively. The former two magnetic transitions
are spin-flip type where as the latter two are spin-flop type. The
curved nature of the magnetic isotherm between approximately 60 and
80 kOe in the increasing direction of the field suggests a canted
configuration of the antiferromagnetic state (AF II, Fig. 11). The
maximum magnetization at 120 kOe is \ensuremath{\approx} 7.5 $\mu$$_{B}$/Tb,
which is little less than the saturation moment of Tb$^{3+}$ion.
Hence the latter two metamagnetic transitions drive the compound to
the field induced ferromagnetic state. A significant amount of hysteresis
is observed during the demagnetization of the sample, due to the pinning
of the domain walls in an anisotropic ferromagnetic material. The
field induced ferromagnetic state of the compound indicates the weakly
coupled antiferromagnetic nature of the compound. The magnetization
along the hard axis undergoes a minor metamagnetic transition \ensuremath{\approx}
40 kOe. This result is in contrast with that reported previously \citet{Tsutaoka},
where no metamagnetic transition is encountered up to a field of 50
kOe. The magnetization at 120 kOe and 2 K is \ensuremath{\approx}
1.8 $\mu$$_{B}$/Tb, which is far less compared to that obtained
with field along {[}10$\overline{1}$0] direction, as expected for
a hard axis of magnetization. When the field is applied along the
{[}11$\overline{2}$0] direction the magnetization undergoes two spin-flop
type metamagnetic transitions at approximately the same values as
that with field along {[}10$\overline{1}$0] direction. The magnetization
at 120 kOe and 2 K is \ensuremath{\approx} 8 $\mu$$_{B}$/Tb, which
is \ensuremath{\approx} 0.5 $\mu$$_{B}$/Tb higher then that along
{[}10$\overline{1}$0] direction and close to the saturation moment
of the Tb$^{3+}$ion. The magnetic phase diagram of the compound constructed
from the temperature variation of the magnetic isotherms (not shown)
with field applied along the easy axis of magnetization {[}10$\overline{1}$0]
is shown in Fig. 11. The symbols AF, AF I, AF II and AF III represents
the three different antiferromagnetic states (including the canted
antiferromagnetic state) of the compound.}
\end{singlespace}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{\string"Fig.11\string".eps}\caption{(Color online) Magnetic phase diagram of Tb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ constructed
using the temperature variation of magnetic isotherms with field applied
along {[}10$\overline{1}$0] direction. \textcolor{black}{The dotted
lines represents the expected imaginary path of the curve. }}

\end{figure}
\medskip{}

\section{DISCUSSION}

\textcolor{black}{In the preceding sections we have presented the
interesting magnetic behavior of Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ and Tb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$.
Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ orders ferrimagneticaly near 13 K with a dominant
ferromagnetic component when the field is applied along {[}0001] direction.
Along the {[}10$\overline{1}$0] direction there are two transitions
at T$_{1}$ and T$_{2}$; the transition at T$_{1}$ appears to be
antiferromagnetic, while the upturn occurring at the higher temperature
T$_{2}$ suggests the presence of ferromagnetic type correlations.
At high fields the behavior of 2 K isotherms along both the crystallographic
axes is dominantly ferromagnetic type. Since there are two symmetry
inequivalent crystallographic sites, 4}\textit{\textcolor{black}{d}}\textcolor{black}{
\ and 6}\textit{\textcolor{black}{g}}\textcolor{black}{, for the
rare earth ion and the nearest neighbor 4}\textit{\textcolor{black}{d}}\textcolor{black}{-4}\textit{\textcolor{black}{d}}\textcolor{black}{
\ distance is significantly lesser than the corresponding 6}\textit{\textcolor{black}{g}}\textcolor{black}{-6}\textit{\textcolor{black}{g
}}\textcolor{black}{distance, site dependent magnetic response is
in principle possible. The latter is actually seen in the neighboring
(similar lattice parameters) isostructural compound Nd$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$
as mentioned in the Introduction. In Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ the behavior
of the magnetization around \ensuremath{\approx} 36 K with field along
{[}10$\overline{1}$0] direction, which bears the signature of the
onset of the ferromagnetic type correlations can plausibly be attributed
to the ions present at the }\textit{\textcolor{black}{4d}}\textcolor{black}{
\ site. The 4}\textit{\textcolor{black}{d}}\textcolor{black}{ \ site
moments being relatively closer to each other compared to the other
ions are}\textcolor{magenta}{ }\textcolor{black}{coupled more strongly
by the indirect RKKY exchange interaction. With further decrease in
the temperature the second magnetic transition at \ensuremath{\approx}
13 K may be due to the }\textit{\textcolor{black}{ab}}\textcolor{black}{
\ plane-projected collinear antiferromagnetic type ordering of the
Pr$^{3+}$ moments at the }\textit{\textcolor{black}{6g}}\textcolor{black}{
\ site. As already mentioned above, the latter is strongly suggested
by AC susceptibility. The \textgreek{q}\textasciiacute{} (real part)
of the AC susceptibility includes contributions from both magnetic
rotation and domain wall movement, whereas \textgreek{q}\H{ } (imaginary
part) reflects the energy loss due to the movement of domain walls.
If the antiferromagnetic ordering is collinear then the resulting
moment is zero and hence no movement of domain walls is involved,
resulting in the absence of peak in \textgreek{q}\H{ }. We further
speculate that between T$_{1}$ and T$_{2}$, the evolution of 4}\textit{\textcolor{black}{d}}\textcolor{black}{
-4}\textit{\textcolor{black}{d}}\textcolor{black}{, 4}\textit{\textcolor{black}{d}}\textcolor{black}{
-6}\textit{\textcolor{black}{g}}\textcolor{black}{ \ and 6}\textit{\textcolor{black}{g}}\textcolor{black}{
-6}\textit{\textcolor{black}{g}}\textcolor{black}{ \ interactions
with temperature is such that it overall gives rise to a decrease
in the FC magnetization in a limited range of temperature, as already
mentioned above. }

\textcolor{black}{Along {[}0001] direction, the peak seen in both
the real and the imaginary part of the AC susceptibility supports
the ferromagnetic nature of the transition at 13 K, in tune with the
DC magnetization results presented above. The relatively sharp nature
of the peak is typically seen in highly anisotropic magnetic compounds,
corroborated by the high coercivity (\ensuremath{\approx} 3 kOe at
2 K) seen in the magnetic isotherm. }

\textcolor{black}{The magnetic isotherms along {[}10$\overline{1}$0]
and {[}0001] directions at 2 K show that at high fields Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$
is like a ferromagnet. At 2 K the moment at 120 kOe is \ensuremath{\approx}
9.3 $\mu$$_{B}$/ f.u. and 7.8 $\mu$$_{B}$/ f.u. along these two
directions, repectively. Keeping in mind that the saturation moment
of free Pr$^{3+}$ ion is 3.2 $\mu$$_{B}$ and the likely reduction
in the moment due to the crystal electric fields, the magnetization
response involves the polarization of Pr ions of both sublattices.
Of course, the magnetization along {[}10$\overline{1}$0] is larger
because it is the easy axis of magnetization. }

\textcolor{black}{The absence of any anomaly at 36 K when the field
is applied along the {[}0001] axis may be rationalized by assuming
that the easy axis of magnetization for the Pr-4}\textit{\textcolor{black}{d}}\textcolor{black}{
\ moments is in the }\textit{\textcolor{black}{ab}}\textcolor{black}{-plane.
As the temperature is lowered a dominant ferromagnetic component is
observed at $\approx$ 13 K with an overall ferrimagnetic behavior.
Since the ordering temperature ($\approx$ 13 K) is similar to that
occurring also along {[}10$\overline{1}$0] direction, it is possible
that the orientation of the 6}\textit{\textcolor{black}{g}}\textcolor{black}{
\ moments is such that it can be resolved into a collinear antiferromagnetic
configuration in the }\textit{\textcolor{black}{ab}}\textcolor{black}{
\ plane and a ferromagnetic component along the }\textit{\textcolor{black}{c}}\textcolor{black}{-axis.}\textcolor{magenta}{
}\textcolor{black}{\ In order to explain the ferrimagnetic response
at low temperatures, we postulate that i) the anisotropy of the 6}\textit{\textcolor{black}{g}}\textcolor{black}{
\ sublattice is stronger than that of 4}\textit{\textcolor{black}{d}}\textcolor{black}{-sublattice
and ii) the exchange interaction between the 6}\textit{\textcolor{black}{g}}\textcolor{black}{
\ and the 4}\textit{\textcolor{black}{d}}\textcolor{black}{ \ moments
forces the latter to reorient from their easy axis. }\textcolor{magenta}{ }\textcolor{black}{In
order to get the full details of the magnetic configuration, neutron
diffraction on a single crystal is required. The arrangement of the
magnetic moments in these compounds can be very complex. For example.
a recent neutron diffraction experiment on Ho$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$\citet{Morozkin}
finds between T$\mathrm{_{N1}}$ = 27 K and T$\mathrm{_{N2}}$ = 18
K, a sine-modulated ordering with two propagation vectors K$_{1}$
= {[}0,0,$\pm$3/10] and K$_{2}$ = {[}0. 1/2,0]. The magnetic configuration
changes below T$\mathrm{_{N2}}$ and is described by four propagation
vectors K$_{1}$ = {[}0,0, $\pm$ 3/10], K$_{2}$ = {[}0,1/2,0], K$_{3}$
= {[}0,0, $\pm$ 2/5] and K$_{4}$ = {[}$\pm$1/5, $\pm$1/5, 0].}\textcolor{magenta}{ }

\begin{singlespace}
\textcolor{black}{Tb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$, by contrast, shows a relatively
simpler process of magnetic ordering. A peak at T$_{N}$= 85 K is
seen in both directions, though it is far more prominent along {[}10$\overline{1}$0]
(ab plane), the easy axis of magnetization. The leveling of the susceptibility
at low temperatures along {[}10$\overline{1}$0] direction may be
due to the incommensurate magnetic transition reported by \citet{Schobinger1}to
occur between 75 to 50 K, which transforms into a spiral type antiferromagnetic
structure at low temperatures. The compound is a weakly coupled antiferromagnet
in the sense that polycrystalline average of the paramagnetic Curie
temperature is low (-16 K) and also the compound undergoes a field
induced ferromagnetic transition at 2 K. The saturation moment obtained
at 120 kOe and 2 K is close to that reported from the neutron diffraction
\citet{Schobinger1}for the Tb$^{3+}$ ion in Tb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$.
Along the hard axis of magnetization there is an evidence of a metamagnetic
transition at \ensuremath{\approx} 40 kOe. Such transitions along
the hard axis of magnetization are generally attributed to the crossing
over of the crystal field split energy levels as shown in case of
NdRhIn$_{5}$ \citet{Hieu}. The reason for hysteresis appearing in
the magnetic isotherm is not known.}
\end{singlespace}

\section{CONCLUSIONS}

\noindent In conclusion, we have studied the magnetic properties of
single crystalline Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ and Tb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$. Hexagonal
\textit{\textcolor{black}{ab}} plane or {[}10$\overline{1}$0] direction
was found to be the easy axis of magnetization for Pr$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$.
In the \textit{\textcolor{black}{ab}} plane, the magnetization shows
a ferromagnetic type upturn at \ensuremath{\approx} 36 K followed
by a collinear antiferromagnetic ordering of the moments at \ensuremath{\approx}
13 K. Along {[}0001] direction the compound shows a dominant ferromagnetic
transition at \ensuremath{\approx} 13 K with an overall ferrimagnetic
type behavior. At 2 K, the magnetic isotherm of the compound along
{[}0001] direction is typical for a ferromagnet, while a field induced
ferromagnetic type response is observed along the {[}10$\overline{1}$0]
direction. Tb$_{5}$Ge$_{3}$ was found to order antiferromagnetically
at 85 K with a hexagonal \textit{ab} \ plane as a easy axis of magnetization.
The compound undergo a field induced ferromagnetic state at low temperatures
along the easy axis of magnetization.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Superhot Review
Garry Gordon March 3, 2016 PCXbox One
Never send a human to do a machine's job.
Reviewed on PC
When you delve into SUPERHOT for the first time, you will be excited by its creativity and style. You have the mind of the Flash, but the body of a mere human. When standing still, time does not progress. Take any action or turn the camera more than just a little, and time will move forward. This turns the virtual world of SUPERHOT into a chess version of your typical first person shooter. As long as you can avoid getting bottlenecked into gunfire, you can reign supreme. To keep it interesting, you will be Quantum Leaped into some sticky situations. The story is deeply ingrained into the experience–and the game is short–so you will not find spoilers here.
SUPERHOT feels a bit like Portal meets The Matrix with its unusual virtual reality storyline and puzzle-adding approach to playing a shooting game. Later, towards the end of the game, you get the ability to shed your skin and send your mind & awareness into an enemy's body. This ability is set to a timer to keep it from being overused. It allows you to attract a bunch of bad guys to being blasted in a shotgun crossfire, and leap into someone else's body just in time to save yourself. This ability, coupled with the captivating way the story unfolds, gives off a very sci fi vibe. Nostalgia seems to be a key term in describing a lot of indie games lately, and this one is no different. You feel like you might be the white rabbit, rather than the one who chases it, when you complete this game.
Each level is nothing more than an intense combat scenario. You are like an agent from The Matrix and have been summoned into the level after danger has been detected. You can pick up and throw weapons and small objects. Thrown items will disarm and stun enemies on impact, then crumble. Katanas, machine guns, and dishes are all up for grabs. Guns have very limited ammunition. So it is a good thing that bad guys stand out starkly as blood red objects in an otherwise colorless world–oh, and they are made out of glass. The simplistic polygonal look of the game play feels appropriate given the story.
While the game wraps up in only two or three hours, the experience of how the story is told is intense. We have seen a lot of man vs. machine plots in the recent past. So your mind might go into a fit of familiarity. The allusions to popular science fiction being thrown at us in this game help make the storytelling effective. Towards the middle, you might know exactly how it will play out based on what you know of the genre. The style of how everything unfolds is amazing and keeps the story gripping. The strange cinematic experience somehow perfectly compliments the game play and makes SUPERHOT very cohesive.
There are extras included in SUPERHOT that add some replayability. There is an endless mode where the bad guys keep coming. There are a slew of challenges to strive to complete. There is an ASCII art section. Also, a way to share your replays is built into the game. This game has been out less than a week and has met great critical and commercial success. The developers have come out saying they will be adding more content, such as levels, to SUPERHOT. These additions to a relatively short experience are welcomed, if not needed. The innovation in SUPERHOT is so strong that we will very likely see some of its mechanics in more games, hopefully one of them being a sequel, soon.
Innovative FPS meets Portal style gameplayVisual style of the game and story is interestingly unique.Developers are dedicated to adding new content.
Main game is short.The story, while captivating, could have been deeper.Gameplay feels too simplistic at times.
85%PC
Presentation96%
Visuals82%
Sound72%
Value88%
Reader Rating 0 Votes
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Garry Gordon
As a contributor to Bit Cultures, I hope to elevate everyone's gaming experiences with strategy guides and videos.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
namespace ChainOfResponsibility
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;

    internal abstract class Vehicle
    {
        protected Vehicle Successor { get; set; }

        public void SetSuccessor(Vehicle successor)
        {
            this.Successor = successor;
        }

        public abstract void RequestToTransport(Bagage bagage);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


$2.4 million seems like a lot of money to spend on cutting the grass along one highway.
Authorities in Hanoi have decided to spend less on the maintenance of public gardens in the city, putting the livelihoods of around 6,000 manual workers at risk.
Hanoi spends VND53 billion ($2.4 million) per year cutting the grass on the 24-kilometer Thang Long Avenue. Photo by VnExpress/Ngoc Thanh.
At the beginning of July, Hanoi suspended maintenance of its gardens and central reservations. The city also stopped growing new flowers around the city from August 1.
The move could save Hanoi about VND700 billion ($31.5 million) each year, according to Nguyen Duc Chung, chairman of the People's Committee.
However, many Hanoians claim that this sudden decision could hurt the city's urban landscape and make a large number of workers redundant.
The director of a business employed to take care of trees said that he has fired 300 out of 400 unskilled workers due to the city's decision.
These employees used to earn VND4 million ($180) to VND6 million per month, so this will result in financial difficulties for their families, the director said, adding that they aren't young enough to be recruited by other companies.
At the same time, the decision will hit the company where it hurts.
Pham Thanh Tung, deputy head of the Vietnam Association of Architects, said that it's important for Hanoi to maintain its public gardens, but the city should cut costs on tree care services.
"Neatly trimmed lawns and lines of green trees along the streets make a huge impression on foreign visitors, better than any words we use to talk about the capital," Tung said.


text:
Q: How to merge couples of Dates and values contained in a unique csv We have a csv file with Dates in Excel format and Nav for Manager A and Manager B as follows:
Date,Manager A,Date,Manager B
41346.6666666667,100,40932.6666666667,100
41347.6666666667,100,40942.6666666667,99.9999936329992
41348.6666666667,100,40945.6666666667,99.9999936397787
41351.6666666667,100,40946.6666666667,99.9999936714362
41352.6666666667,100,40947.6666666667,100.051441180137
41353.6666666667,100,40948.6666666667,100.04877283951
41354.6666666667,100.000077579585,40949.6666666667,100.068400298752
41355.6666666667,100.00007861475,40952.6666666667,100.070263374822
41358.6666666667,100.000047950872,40953.6666666667,99.9661095940006
41359.6666666667,99.9945012295984,40954.6666666667,99.8578245935173
41360.6666666667,99.9944609274138,40955.6666666667,99.7798031949116
41361.6666666667,99.9944817907402,40956.6666666667,100.029523604978
41366.6666666667,100,40960.6666666667,100.14859511024
41367.6666666667,99.4729804387476,40961.6666666667,99.7956029017769
41368.6666666667,99.4729804387476,40962.6666666667,99.7023420799123
41369.6666666667,99.185046151864,40963.6666666667,99.6124531927299
41372.6666666667,99.1766469096966,40966.6666666667,99.5689030038018
41373.6666666667,98.920738006398,40967.6666666667,99.5701493637685
,,40968.6666666667,99.4543885041996
,,40969.6666666667,99.3424528379521

We want to create a zoo object with the following structure [Dates, Manager A Nav, Manager B Nav].
After reading the csv file with:
data = read.csv("...", header=TRUE, sep=",")

we set an index for splitting the object and use lapply to split
INDEX <- seq(1, by = 2, length = ncol(data) / 2)

data.zoo <- lapply(INDEX, function(i, data) data[i:(i+1)], data = zoo(data))

I'm stuck with the fact that Dates are in Excel format and don't know how to fix that stuff. Is the problem set in a correct way?

A: If all you want to do is to convert the dates to proper dates you can do this easily enough. The thing you need to know is the origin date. Your numbers represent the integer and fractional number of days that have passed since the origin date. Usually this is Jan 0 1990!!! Go figure, but be careful as I don't think this is always the case. You can try this...
# Excel origin is day 0 on Jan 0 1900, but treats 1900 as leap year so...
data$Date <- as.Date( data$Date , origin = "1899/12/30")
data$Date.1 <- as.Date( data$Date.1 , origin = "1899/12/30")
# For more info see ?as.Date

If you are interested in keeping the times as well, you can use as.POSIXct, but you must also specify the timezone (UTC by default);
data$Date <- as.POSIXct(data$Date, origin = "1899/12/30" )
head(data)
#                    Date Manager.A     Date.1 Manager.B
#   1 2013-03-13 16:00:00       100 2012-01-24 100.00000
#   2 2013-03-14 16:00:00       100 2012-02-03  99.99999
#   3 2013-03-15 16:00:00       100 2012-02-06  99.99999
#   4 2013-03-18 16:00:00       100 2012-02-07  99.99999
#   5 2013-03-19 16:00:00       100 2012-02-08 100.05144
#   6 2013-03-20 16:00:00       100 2012-02-09 100.04877

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Today I'm excited to welcome Charlie Brenneman to The Quarter Life Comeback podcast.
Charlie Brenneman is one inspiring guy. Having grown up doing wrestling through school, Charlie decided that his gift to the world was to become a Spanish teacher.
However, one day out of the blue, Charlie had a voice in his head telling him he wanted to become a fighter. This kickstarted a successful MMA career which saw Charlie reaching as high as 7th in the world.
Fast forward to today, and Charlie now uses the skills, strategies and mindset he learned as a fighter to help others smash their self doubt, overcome their fears and achieve their goals.
If you've started to feel like you're settling in your comfort zone and setting yourself up for future regrets in your life, this episode is for you.
Thanks again for joining me on the show, Charlie, and for sharing your story.


This well maintained ranch home with a full finished basement sits on almost an acre lot in desirable Wingate West. Beautiful hardwood floors, tasteful colors, new roof, replacement windows, 3 bedrooms, an office that could be used as a 4th bedroom, 2 car garage, and mature trees are just a few of the wonderful features this home offers.
I am interested in 516 Hay Market Rd, Clarksville, TN 37043 (Listing ID # 2029479).


Dues invoices are sent to every member company as by the MSFA bylaws. Member department dues are $200 and associate members $50. Checks should be made payable to the Maryland State Firemen's Association and mailed to the Office of the Financial Secretary, P.O. Box 401, Jarrettsville, MD 21084. Email wmvocke@harfordpublicsafety.com with any questions regarding dues.


text:
Get more Phosphorous into your crops and watch them thrive
Farmers have been extracting more value from their Phosphate dollars through the use of Guano Gold-Split P products.
Agronomist Graeme Talarico from WB Hunter Group in Victoria has experienced great success selling the fertiliser products, which he said allows farmers to gain more from their soil.
"The superior availability of the Phosphorous component in the fertiliser, as well as the Silica component and other attributes, makes it a unique fertiliser," Mr Talarico said.
"I sell the products to people in horticulture, dairy and broadacre businesses and they use it in a range of crops."
Guano Gold-Split P provides farmers with both types of Phosphorous – both water soluble and non-water soluble – unlike others on the market.
"A lot of fertilisers have only got water soluble Phosphorous, which means for a period of time it is more likely to be unavailable to the plant," Mr Talarico said.
Without enough Phosphorous, young crops will struggle to take off and existing crops will not perform as well.
"Particularly for a young crop with a small root system, Phosphorous is pivotal to get it going. If Phosphorous is poor the crop will take a lot longer and you will suffer yield decline," Mr Talarico said. "Products like this are integral as crops don't perform as well without having very good quality fertilisers underneath them."
Key to A successFUL CROP
For Victorian flax-seed farmer Michael Nagorcka, from Waltanna Farms near Hamilton, Phosphorous is the key to a successful crop.
This nutrient is essential for all plant growth, so it is no surprise that farmers like him are seeking to increase the amount within their crops.
Mr Nagorcka (pictured above and at the top of the page) uses Guano Gold-Split P products to enhance the Phosphorus component of his flax plants.
"We have known since the 1930s that Phosphorus is one of the main elements required to grow a successful crop of not just the (flax) plant but the seed," he said.
"It gives you a very high oil content and a very high Omega 3 content."
Mr Nagorcka is impressed by the diversity and success of the Guano Gold-Split P products.
"It was one of those products that was first out in a granular type form and it was so much easier to get an even coverage over the ground, rather than a powder form," he said.
"Later on the product became a little more refined, so we could put it through our air-seeder. We also broadcast some of it, prior to seeding, when we are cultivating ground."
While Mr Nagorcka grows wheat and oats too, flax seed is his primary crop – so it is essential to give it what it needs to thrive.
"The products have great characteristics in relation to Phosphate and Silica, which is exactly what we need for flax," he said.
A natural source of liquid Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulphur, Magnesium, Calcium and Silica, Guano Gold-Split P products also contain a range of trace minerals including useful levels of Zinc and Manganese.
With a surfactant to assist in foliar application, the products are also suitable for fertigation.
Have a question or ready to place an order? Get in touch with us today.


text:
Two-Thirds of Illinois Families Could Qualify For School Vouchers Championed By State Republicans
By Tony Arnold
Aug. 5, 2017, 7:15 a.m. CT
Roughly 67 percent of Illinois families could qualify to send their children to private schools using diverted taxpayer money under a proposal being considered by legislators attempting to break a stalemate that's threatening school funding on the eve of a new academic year, WBEZ has learned.
WBEZ obtained a copy of the draft proposal from a school voucher advocate who said he met with Republican Gov. Bruce Rauner about the plan four days before Rauner's Aug. 2 partial veto of an overhaul of the formula that Illinois uses to dole out state money to schools. A Rauner spokeswoman did not immediately confirm the meeting happened.
The $100 million tuition tax credit program, which opponents call a school voucher program, is being discussed by state lawmakers in closed-door negotiations surrounding Rauner's veto.
Thanks to a provision buried in the recently-passed state budget, Illinois can't dole out education money unless it approves a new funding formula. That means schools could be left in the lurch until the the veto fight is resolved. The first payments are scheduled to go out Aug. 10, but a deal isn't expected by then.
In negotiations over the school funding bill, Republican lawmakers have listed a few key items they want in return for their support, including this tax credit program. Teachers unions and many Democrats traditionally oppose voucher programs because they divert taxpayer dollars from public education.
The plan's backers have dubbed it the "Invest in Kids Act," and it's being pushed by advocates who support drastic changes to the way in which students select their schools in Illinois.
Under the draft proposal reviewed by WBEZ, individual taxpayers could choose to send up to $1 million annually to scholarship organizations rather than to the state Department of Revenue. Those diverted taxpayer dollars would fund scholarships to pay tuition cost at private or parochial schools, or to pay the cost for a public school education in a district outside a child's community.
All told, the state could dole out $100 million annually in tax credits to finance this scholarship program. If the scholarship fund attracts at least $90 million in donations in any year, it would grow to $125 million. It could continue to grow by 25 percent annually, with no cap, as long as taxpayers send at least 90 percent of the maximum allowed to the fund. Donors could direct their money to a specific school, rather than a specific student, and some eligible students could be turned away.
The proposal is striking in its reach. Any family of four earning up to $113,775 annually would be eligible. In Illinois, 67 percent of families of two or more people earn up to $100,000 a year, according to U.S. Census data. Another 18 percent of Illinois families earn up to $150,000.
The median income is $71,500 for an Illinois family of at least two people, which is how the federal government defines a family.
The tax credit voucher proposal was never introduced in the General Assembly but resurfaced as a bargaining chip during talks over the school funding bill impasse. It was first reported on nearly two years ago by WBEZ.
The governor's veto at the heart of that impasse has established a showdown in which lawmakers may vote to override the governor's changes. But both sides have said they would prefer to work out a compromise, in which the tax scholarship program has entered the talks.
"I am excited and hopeful that as part of a compromise, if one is worked out, that that would include tuition tax credits. I am a strong supporter of that," Rauner said at a news conference Tuesday after partially vetoing the school funding bill. He did not answer a reporter's follow-up question about whether he would only sign off on a larger school funding deal deal if lawmakers pass a tax scholarship program.
Lead negotiators for Democrats have not discussed details about the closed-door negotiations this week. But on Wednesday during an appearance on WBEZ's Morning Shift, Sen. Jason Barickman, R-Bloomington, said Republicans were looking for Democrats to work with them on a few key issues, and he singled out a proposal to provide "tax credits for scholarships to attend schools that are more in line with the needs of the child."
On Friday night, House Republican Leader Jim Durkin of Western Springs said negotiations are fluid.
"From my perspective, the scholarship program is important," Durkin said.
Anthony Daniels-Halisi, the advocate who shared the tax credit scholarship document with WBEZ, is the acting president at Hales Franciscan High School in Chicago's Bronzeville neighborhood.
He said he supports advocating for the scholarship program to allow more low-income African-Americans to attend his school. Hales Franciscan closed last year because of a lack of fundraising, Daniels-Halisi said, but he's reopening the school next month for a class of 50 freshmen.
"The biggest challenge, of course, is just being able to make sure that students who want to come to our school have the resources to come to get what we uniquely provide," Daniels-Halisi said.
"From my perspective, the scholarship program is important. I would characterize the negotiations as fluid." LEADER DURKIN
I'm looking into that meeting but don't have details or confirmation yet. Here is what I can provide:
As Gov. Rauner mentioned on Tuesday during the press conference, he is open to considering a tax credit scholarship program and has long been an advocate for school choice. The governor's focus is on enacting a fairer funding system for all children in Illinois, by providing for resources that ensure that all children have access to a high-quality education that will prepare them for both college and career.
RAUNER ON TUESDAY AT PRESS CONFERENCE AFTER AV WAS ISSUED:
"I have been an advocate, strong advocate for school choice my whole life. I believe that parents who do not have financial resources still deserve to be able to choose a school that fits their child the best. I applaud the General Assembly for including equitable funding for charter schools in SB1. I have left that language in place. That is good language. I applaud them for that. I have been an advocate for (a) tuition tax credit program for years. In fact, I included language to that effect in my budget proposal. I am excited and hopeful that as part of a compromise, if one is worked out, that that would include tuition tax credits. I am a strong supporter of that."
ANDY MANAR ON THURSDAY PRESS CONFERENCE IN SPRINGFIELD:
"I'm gonna put a little bit of definition around negotiations but I'm not going to reveal details because I think that would be turning my back on those discussions which I'm not gonna do. We're talking about all kinds of things. What we have said to our Republican counterparts is, 'Let's have a conversation about what it's gonna take to fix that.' We think Senate Bill one should be the law of the State of Illinois. Despite the governor's actions on Tuesday, we still believe Senate Bill One should be the law. It's a good bill. It represents good public policy. What is it gonna take to get you to a point to help us do that. We're hoping that some reasonable folks will step forward and will join in that conversation. That conversation is ongoing. So if there's something constructive that is reasonable, it's not going to be rejected by the Democrats."
BARICKMAN ON MORNING SHIFT WEDNESDAY:
"I think people are becoming more known of some of the things that have been talked about in the last few days. The notion that there would be mandate relief. The idea that you give school districts more flexibility in how they spend their money. Other issues, like creating an opportunity for children throughout the state to receive tax credits for scholarships to attend schools that are more in line with the needs of the child. So Republicans have offered suggestions to Democrats of issues that we would be interested in negotiating on but we have yet to hear from Democrats their willingness to embrace any of those ideas in a meaningful way that gives us as Republicans an opportunity to reach a bipartisan compromise and help Democrats, specifically help Chicago Democrats, with issues that they have in their district."


Every online business owner knows the importance of generating traffic to their website. Not just any traffic but targeted , converting visitors. There are basically two methods to send visitors to your sites.
Through paid advertising ie., media buys. The most popular and most expensive options are Google Adwords , You Tube and Facebook ads. The lesser known options, far cheaper and in my experience, more effective, are community networking sites like: Mikode.
Send Free SMS messages from your website.
The Send button lets people privately send content on your site to one or more friends in a Facebook message, to an email address, or share it with a Facebook group.
Add a send to Kindle Button to your blog or website so visitors can read your content on their Kindle.
Popular browsers (Safari, Chrome, Firefox) have a handy command for emailing your friends a link to a web page. If you must email the contents of a page, Safari makes that easy as long as you use the Apple Mail application. Learn all these tricks in this video on how to add and send a webpage to your email.


On a very fine day you get into the office and find a sea full of works with a target, and there you are standing without having enough sleep at night. How will it be? Extinguished, isn't it? A perfect sleep is all you need if you are heading for a tough job. Many researchers have proved that essential oils like Dhanal Oudh can provide you relief for disrupted sleep and improvement in sleep quality. A study conducted in 2017 proved that aromatherapy had a great impact both the sleep quality and life quality of women when compared to acupressure massage. They found that the sleep-stimulating oils worked more effectively. Here this post helps you to know the benefits of consuming Dhanal Oudh for sound sleep naturally.
Dhanal Oudh is one of the best essential oils which drive you to a deep tranquility and relaxation which provides you peaceful sleep. It is one of the top demanded and highly valued commodities all over the world for its explicit uniqueness. The Dhanal Oud is essentially extracted from the heartwood of Agarwood trees. Being a natural product it produces a kind of magical aroma which has a hypnotizing effect.
Dhanal Oud is a savior by the end of your exhausted daily life. Agarwood is also known as God's wood for its 'hitting the heaven' effect by its aroma. It has a calming and enchanting effect which makes the oil one of the best aphrodisiacs.
The most unique benefit of Dhanal Oudh is varying fragrance for each body type that makes the person who uses the same oil with smells different. This elusive tree has many sacred values which draw us towards a spiritual drive that induces better sleep.
Sleep the condition which helps us to forget the stresses and pains in our daily life need to be peaceful. A good sleep eases out the mental, spiritual, physical and emotional body. Another issue most of us are facing will be of sleep disorders. Being Insomniac is the biggest nightmare of many around us. The nighttime anxiety, sleeplessness also drives you into a state of intense stress and strain that affects your daily routine as well. Most of the people take medicines and sometimes many harmful drugs as a solution. The consumption of Dhanal Oud is 100% naturally extracted from agarwood trees without any addition of harmful chemicals enhances your sleep without making any side effects.
Arista provides the best kind of Dhanal Oud which is perfectly distilled with top-notch machinery. It is extracted from the Agarwood from Arista's agarwood plantation and purely distilled from our distillation center. Dhanal Oud is the most expensive essential oil in the world due to its great medicinal and aesthetic properties. The lovely essence of enchanting fragrance changes your mood and arouses a peaceful mood. Falling asleep is never going to be a problem for you if you consume Dhanal Oud. The lush aroma provided by Dhanal Oud has a woody touch which immediately invigorates our senses and stimulates serenity.
Being a wonderful relaxant it gifts the better sleep and eases fatigue. Dhanal Oud can also be used as a natural tonic for increased vitality.


The englishmen were more and more agressive, pushing further and further the battles in the heart of our lands. We needed to react. While many could simpy take up their family's blades, most didn't have this chance. Blacksmiths worked day and night to make more blades, melting forks, cauldrons and other metallic items. Even if they didn't have a story or weren't ornate with complex engravings, these new swords were eager to write their own. After all, how could we tell our tale if we weren't victorious?
The Bellator II is the natural evolution of the first generation of this two-handed Squire sword. Always made of safe Calimacil foam, this sword will give you years of good use thanks to its unrivalled durability. The guard of the sword is now steel-coloured and the handle is black. The blade stays silver-coloured to make a unique and incredibly realistic sword.
You want to be able to lop out an arm with a single swing? This blade is perfect for you. Thought for strong warriors that don't need to be encumbered by a shield, the defensive aspect is taken care of by the incredible reach the sword offers. Orcs, demonic creatures and other bloodthirsty warriors will all love the brutal efficiency of this sword.


Click here to listen to East Coast Dolphin Fishing!
Mike Rathjen shares the excitement of catching Bull Dolphin off Florida's East coast. Recorded by Captain Keiland Smith at New Smyrna Florida.
Captain Mike with a large dolphin!
The photos tell this story but listen to these two shows with Captain Keiland Smith and Captain Mike Rathjen!
Photo Courtesy of Mike Rathjen Tarpon In Tarpon On!
Part 2 of the show with Mike Rathjen. Equipment to keep live bait alive and your boat quiet. Mike shares his method for fishing live bait in weedy areas. Captain Keiland Smith talks about fishing.
Wow, that is a big Trout!
Glad to be back on the air! Captain Keiland Smith and Allen Wyatt talk fishing with Mike Rathjen about Winter Fishing on the Mosquito Lagoon. Great tips on catching huge Gator Trout .


text:
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Q: Как сделать слайдер с навигацией-скроллом? Не могу понять, как реализовать подобный слайдер? Кучу плагиов перерыл - не нашел подходящий. Пример слайдера находится здесь https://www.flatstack.com/team/

A: В двух словах расскажу. В основе реализации данного слайдера лежит плагин скролла tinyscroll https://baijs.com/tinyscrollbar (почитать тут можно). Код работает, вёрстку нужно подшаманить.
Целиком код не вмещается, поэтому скидываю ссылку:
  [https://jsfiddle.net/Viachaslau/obp7cghv/3/]


text:
10.20.13 Luke 18 (1 to 8)
In 1998, Hurricane Mitch devastated the small Latin America country of Honduras. Cascades of torrential rain caused massive landslides, destroying thousands of small homes built precariously on mountainous hillsides. A year and a half later, members of King's Chapel traveled there with Habitat for Humanity to build new homes. They stayed in the capital city of Tegucigalpa, and each day drove out a twisting mountain road to the build site.
One of those who went was Brooke Chandler, the daughter of our member Fay Larkin, and step-daughter of Miguel Gomez-Ibanez. Brooke, then a teenager, wrote this, which her aunt, Julie Hyde, shared with me this week:
"Along the road we drove each day to the work site," wrote Brooke, "a cliff reaching high above us [was] on our left, and a clear drop fell off to our right. We could see pieces of houses hanging on to cliffs. The houses that had slid down [in the hurricane] still filled up the sides of mountains, splattered with the colors of clothes and trash. Everything in the houses was left as it had fallen, including the people, a year and a half later!....There [had been] no resources available to make it possible to get to [the people], and no proper medical care even if someone [had been] still alive in the rubble."
Travel on the steep mountainside roads was dangerous, Brooke explained, and "we would often see stake bed trucks piled way beyond their capacities with people…We were told that [one] section of the road was affectionately named 'death row.' Cars, people, produce, animals and buses were known to just go over the edge. This was not a big deal. There were no ambulances, no news stories, no guardrails put up, no names identified: it was just daily life.
Death was different there. And Hondurans had learned to accept it. It happened,
no one pretended it didn't, and there was nothing to do about it anyway...
[W]e started getting used to the ride, most of us had even stopped gripping our seats and staring wide-eyed out of the window…We had also developed a necessary feeling of surrender, an acceptance for whatever might happen. We had no choice but to view death lightly in order to deal with it all…."
On the last weekend of the trip, says Brooke, as they were passing another car, a Mack truck suddenly appeared around a bend in the mountain road, heading right for them on the mountain cliff road.
"I knew I was going to die…" wrote Brooke, and the others there knew it, too. "In those four seconds of my life…none of [my thoughts] were American. None of them were the thoughts of someone living in a place where help, should we go over [the cliff], would be on its way, where people would stop and wonder what they could do to assist. [Rather, in my last thoughts]….I hoped our landing would be a quick bang with no survivors. I knew that we would be left there until we died, if death didn't come on impact. We would be left there to rot for years until we had fully decomposed. And it would be no big deal. Half a day's news for anyone who had noticed…"
When did you first have the insight that Brooke had: that the world looks very different, depending on where you fit on the world's totem pole. That there are conditions that might cause some of us to protest and strain against, which others feel they must accept as a given in life. That some people live haunted by whether anyone would come to their help if they were hurt, whether anyone could come to help. The insight that many live with scant hope that life can be changed for the better.
In Boston, we know, people also live with a dearth of hope, the sense that their death would be seen as "no big deal." I saw it when I worked in the US Attorney's Office, in the resignation of too many young people: those who know other kids shot and killed, and assume it can easily happen to them. Kids who see no future for themselves, because the adults they know are trapped in multiple low-paying jobs, working themselves ragged but never getting ahead.
With this outlook, the basic safety precautions some parents try so hard to instill in their children --like wearing a seat belt or not smoking-- seem completely irrelevant. They don't even come up in conversation.
Even in a remarkable place like this -- King's Chapel –- we know that a tough, discouraging past impacts our sense of hope for the future. We get tired. We stop noticing all the little things, like furniture still broken, or junk accumulating in the corners of our buildings or even hearts. It's been there so long we accept it as just the ways things are, the way they seem to have been for a long time.
And it's true, we can't do it all. There are some things we need to accept. But what is the line between healthy acceptance of our limitations and giving up in despair?
As the Serenity Prayer teaches, what is the line between the acceptance of the things we cannot change, and courage to change the things we can?
Jesus didn't want us to land on the wrong side of that divide. He didn't want us to "lose heart," he said. That's why he told the story – the parable – in today's gospel lesson, about the widow and the unfair judge.
John Dominic Crossan thinks Jesus told this story as one would tell a joke – Jesus as the great raconteur set up two well known stereotypes to which everyone in the crowd would nod their heads in recognition. On one side is the nagging woman who simply will not relent; the one you can't ignore even though you want to; the proverbial mother-in-law who keeps making the same irritating point over and over; the neighbor who, when you see his face through the peephole, you tiptoe away from, pretending you're not at home….
Jesus would raise his eyebrows, so you know he sympathizes. Everyone smiles. Yep, at some point we'd all just give that annoying widow what she wants, just to make her go away!
Jesus' other character in the story is a second type of person everyone knew – the corrupt politician. The one who will help – that is, for the right price. The elected judge who just happens to always rule on the side of his major contributors.
The crowd knows all about unjust judges. They are Jews in a homeland controlled by an occupying Roman army. They are Galileans whose accent gives them away to the more sophisticated Jerusalem city folk. They are poor – dirt poor. Reza Aslan, in his current best-seller, The Zealot, makes a solid case that Jesus was far less the artisan master carpenter of my Sunday School illustrated Bible, and far more likely a construction worker, eeking out a living in the grind of a minimum wage day worker.
Jesus and his listeners knew about injustice. And he didn't want them to lose heart in the face of it.
Losing heart. It's a real issue, isn't it? In Honduras. In struggling parts of our city.
In our own church. For all of us as individuals, whenever we struggle. How do we not lose heart, in the face of injustice, or simply in the face of daunting realities?
What keeps us from despair, from giving up? What keeps us keeping on, knocking again at the door where someone sees us coming and tiptoes away….
When I first signed on to fight and prevent crime in Boston, a good and thoughtful friend said to me, "Why would you do that? You'll never succeed…."
How do we not lose heart? The answer isn't just perseverance. We could be tempted to reach this conclusion from the parable: "If at first you don't succeed, try, try again."
But that's too simplistic. Perseverance is part of the truth, but it's not the whole truth. Not when the powers arrayed against you are as daunting as the Roman Empire, or as daunting as Honduran poverty. Solely preaching perseverance is a glib, cruel answer, that places all the burden for change on the widow suffering injustice.
Jesus never preached that bottom line. Jesus stood with the poor widow, against injustice. The unfair judge needed to change his stance, and to the extent any of us are part and parcel of injustice, we are the ones called to change.
But to the extent that the widow must keep persevering, too, how does she do it? How does she not lose heart? According to Jesus, she knows that she and God are on the same team; she is not alone.
That's what Jesus means when he says we need to be persistent "in prayer." He isn't asking us to bow our heads constantly, hands clasped, knees bent – though for some, and for some times, these may be ways you choose to pray.
No, when Jesus said be persistent in prayer, he meant it as St. Francis of Assisi said [quote]: "Pray without ceasing. If necessary, use words." When it comes to battling injustice, pray by living with God, alongside God, taking on the Power of Justice and Love and of all Creation. Live by knowing that that power lives within you.
Experiencing that, partnering with God, you can persevere, together relentlessly pounding on the door of injustice. God is not the one on whose door we need to pound – it's with God that we break down the door of injustice.
Latin American Gustavo Gutierrez, now a professor at Notre Dame, has seen the impact of the many in Latin America who have not simply accepted the tragedy of their poverty, the power held by few, and the corruption of their leaders. Many, often led by priests and nuns, over the last decades have bravely taken on dictators and drug lords, "see[ing] themselves as the people of God called to the Promised Land."
They "know that the fight for justice will be a long and arduous journey," but they continue in their work, because in it -- in the very midst of their suffering and struggles -- they have had an encounter with God…This experience of God's presence gives them the strength to be faithful to the struggle even when immediate results are not visible." The people of Latin America are on a journey in which they have "already met the One for whom they are searching." (ix)
Seeing this, Gustavo Gutierrez is convinced that despair is overcome by hope built upon a concrete, deep experience of a loving God in your life. Hope isn't born from a creed or a theory. It's born from suffering and struggling, where God has nevertheless been present, and you know it. You see, when you already have what you want most dearly – a place, an identity, God's love – that sets you free to work in the service of a God's kingdom.
You can be clear sighted about the causes of injustice: it's not God's will that you be trampled; God wants to free you from that. God wants you to insist on a full and complete life here on this earth, knowing that if that insistence costs you your life; even death will not separate you from God.
In Boston, Howard Thurman taught the same lesson. Rev. Thurman was a professor at Boston University, Dean of Marsh Chapel, and mentor to his student, Martin Luther King. Howard Thurman wrote one of my favorite books: Jesus and the Disinherited, a powerful volume that in 1949 lay asked this question: What does Jesus have to say to the people with their backs up against the wall?
Thurman laid bare the ugly injustice of racism and segregation in America, and found in Jesus' way of life, the answer to it.
Thurman's book echoes the conclusion Brooke Chandler came to in Honduras: that "there are few things more devastating than to have it burned into you that you do not count and that no provisions are made for the literal protection of your person." (39) It "attacks the fundamental sense of self-respect and personal dignity, without which a man is no man." (38) "…In the absence of all hope ambition dies, and the very self is weakened, corroded." (46)... There are some things that are worse than death. To deny one's own integrity of personality in the presence of the human challenge is one of those things." (51)
Yet, writes Thurman, "the awareness that a man is a child of the God …creates a profound faith in life that nothing can destroy…[God] holds the stars in their appointed places, leaves his mark in every living thing. And he cares for me!... To the degree to which a man knows this, he is unconquerable from within and without (56)….
"When I was a youngster," said Thurman, "this was drilled into me by my grandmother….[She'd learned it from a] slave minister who, on occasion, held secret religious meetings with his fellow slaves. How everything in me quivered with the pulsing tremor of raw energy when, in her recital, [my grandmother] would come to the triumphant climax of the slave minister: 'You – you are not niggers. You – you are not slaves. You are God's children.'"
Friends, do not lose heart. You are loved by God, now and already. Some of you may weary of this message from me. I've heard it said that there are only words, and it's true. The real test of what I say, is how I show that love, in actions. And I know I don't always love as I could.
But I must keep offering this message, and will keep trying to live into it myself, because it's the most important thing I've leaned in my life, and I want to keep sharing it. I can't stop from sharing it.
So if my testimony is suspect, hear the testimony of Dr. Rev. Howard Thurman and of Father Gustavo Gutierrez, who can tell you what they've seen and heard the world over – that to experience God and Eternal Love beside us, within us, upholding us as we speak out for justice, makes all the difference. It sustains hope when none is objectively warranted. It makes a way through rivers and deserts.
What should we have the serenity to accept, and what should we have the courage to change? When you see injustice, do not accept it. Be persistent seeking justice and peace.
Stand with those who need help. When you need help, ask for it. Know that each person – without exception – is a precious and remarkable creation, worthy of dignity and respect. Including you.
Come into this place where that is proclaimed. And leave this place, enacting it. Like a teenager named Brooke Chandler.


text:
Q: Hive query from python program returns output like "x00e\x00"\x00" I created a table in Hive and the loaded the data from external csv file. When I try to print the data from python, I get output like "['\x00"\x00m\x00e\x00s\x00s\x00a\x00g\x00e\x00"\x00']". When I query Hive GUI, the results are proper. Please tell me how can I get the same results via python program.
My python code :
import pyhs2

with pyhs2.connect(host='192.168.56.101',
               port=10000,
               authMechanism='PLAIN',
               user='hiveuser',
               password='password',
               database='anuvrat') as conn:
with conn.cursor() as cur:
    cur.execute('SELECT message FROM ABC_NEWS LIMIT 5')

    print cur.fetchone()

Output is :
/usr/bin/python2.7 /home/anuvrattiku/SPRING_2017/CMPE239/Facebook_Fake_news_detection/code_fake_news/code.py
['\x00"\x00m\x00e\x00s\x00s\x00a\x00g\x00e\x00"\x00']

Process finished with exit code 0

When I query the same table in Hive, I get the following output :

This is how I created the table :
CREATE TABLE ABC_NEWS(
ID STRING,
PAGE_ID INT,
NAME STRING,
MESSAGE STRING,
DESCRIPTION STRING,
CAPTION STRING,
POST_TYPE STRING,
STATUS_TYPE STRING,
LIKES_COUNT SMALLINT,
COMMENTS SMALLINT,
SHARES_COUNT SMALLINT,
LOVE_COUNT SMALLINT,
WOW_COUNT SMALLINT,
HAHA_COUNT SMALLINT,
SAD_COUNT SMALLINT,
THANKFUL_COUNT SMALLINT,
ANGRY_COUNT SMALLINT,
LINK STRING,
IMAGE_LINK STRING,
POSTED_AT STRING
)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY "," ESCAPED BY '\\';

The csv file for loading the table is in the path below :
https://www.dropbox.com/s/fiwygyqt8u9eo5s/abc-news-86680728811.csv?dl=0

A: *

*Since the text is qualified (") and within a qualified text there are occurrences of the delimiter character (,), you should use CSV Serde

*You were trying to print cur.fetchone() which is a list and not a string, therefore got an array of bytes, while you should have printed the first element of the list - cur.fetchone()[0]

create external table abc_news
(
    id              string
   ,page_id         int
   ,name            string
   ,message         string
   ,description     string
   ,caption         string
   ,post_type       string
   ,status_type     string
   ,likes_count     smallint
   ,comments        smallint
   ,shares_count    smallint
   ,love_count      smallint
   ,wow_count       smallint
   ,haha_count      smallint
   ,sad_count       smallint
   ,thankful_count  smallint
   ,angry_count     smallint
   ,link            string
   ,image_link      string
   ,posted_at       string
)
row format serde 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.OpenCSVSerde'
with serdeproperties
(
   'separatorChar' = ','
  ,'quoteChar'     = '"'
)
stored as textfile
;

>>> import pyhs2
>>>
>>> with pyhs2.connect(host='localhost',port=10000,authMechanism='PLAIN',user='cloudera',password='cloudera',database='local_db') as conn:
...     with conn.cursor() as cur:
...         cur.execute('SELECT message FROM ABC_NEWS LIMIT 10')
...         for i in cur.fetch():
...             print i[0]
...
...
...
"message"
"Roberts took the unusual step of devoting the majority of  his annual  report to the issue of judicial ethics."
"Do you agree with the new law?"
"Some pretty cool confetti will rain down on New York City celebrators."
NULL
"The pharmacy was held up by a man seeking prescription medication. "
NULL
"There were no immediate reports of damage or injuries."
"Were you an LCD screen early adopter? A settlement may be headed your way."
"As Americans get bigger, passenger limits are becoming more restrictive."
>>>


text:
National Lampoon's Animal House
Critics Consensus 90%
One of the most popular movie comedies of all time is also the film that made John Belushi a star. This raunchy, screwball comedy, directed with madcap zest by John Landis, offers a relentless spoof of 1960's college life by following the hilarious adventures of the Delta fraternity. In addition to Belushi as "Bluto" Blutarsky, the outstanding cast includes Tim Matheson, Tom Hulce, Stephen "Flounder" Furst, Karen Allen, Donald Sutherland, Peter Riegert and Kevin Bacon, along with Otis Day and the Knights with their show-stopping performance of "Shout."
Rent $3.99
90% TOMATOMETER
Critics Consensus: The talents of director John Landis and Saturday Night Live's irrepressible John Belushi conspired to create a rambunctious, subversive college comedy that continues to resonate.
John Belushi's raucous toga party has sex, cursing, drinking
Stephen Furst
John Landis
Douglas Kenney
© 1977 Universal City Studios, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
English (Dolby 5.1, Stereo, CC)
Closed captions (CC) refer to subtitles in the available language with the addition of relevant non-dialogue information.
Artists in This Movie
The Blues Brothers (Unrated)
Fast Times At Ridgemont High
Stripes (Extended Cut)
Airplane!
Movies in Comedy
The French Dispatch of the Liberty, Kansas Evening Sun


An interview I had with Jenny Yang (championmoms.com) for her Youtube channel where we discussed the benefits of praising your child or teen.
"Praise, like sunshine, helps all things grow." Croft M. Pentz.
Teenhood is characterized by awkward, confusing changes that can make or break one's mental health.
A key to thriving during this time is understanding self-esteem and self-awareness and taking the necessary steps to develop a healthy degree of both.
Parents can help their kid do so by first praising their teen for the things they do well, like getting home on time or putting away the dishes.
They can also facilitate this process by really listening to their teen and then offering advice in a way that is not overwhelming or judgmental.
Lastly, teaching responsibility and then allowing their teen to make their own decisions can go a long way when it comes to the teen's self-esteem and self-awareness.
The teen years are, in one word, awkward. Sure, it's a time for growth and self-discovery, but it's also marked with confusing and uncomfortable changes. Physical, mental, and emotional changes that can leave one feeling extremely self-conscious. I remember walking through the doors of my high school on the first day, feeling suddenly embarrassed about my "too-big" feet, my "weird" curly hair, and my Hollister wardrobe—all of which I never felt embarrassed about previously.
Before the teen years, I wasn't one to worry about what other people thought of me. Sure, it was embarrassing if I tripped in the hallway or realized there was a huge stain on my shirt—but I also forgot about these things in a matter of seconds. Whereas in high school, it was the end of the world if I did anything slightly embarrassing: a dark cloud would follow me for days to come.
2) Listen.Another thing a parent can do (again, a simple suggestion) is listen. Yeah, simple, but most parents don't listen. Close your mouth, and open your ears. If you can try to be a neutral listener, you may hear more from your teen then if you ask questions or worse yet, if you get angry and snap at them. Just listen… know that you may need to file that info away for the future… but please parent, read between the lines (their friend Joe is drinking alcohol so that means that maybe your son or daughter is exposed to alcohol). With that info, you can start providing some psycho-education about teenage drinking or give them ideas on how to avoid a friend who may be engaging in risky behaviors such as using alcohol or drugs.
3) Teach responsibility.Give your teen a task they need to complete… like a chore. That helps with self-esteem because the teen is expected to contribute to the running of the household, which helps the teen feel like part of a group (i.e., family). When they are feeling awkward because they have a pimple on their chin, knowing that their family accepts them for who they are (even when they don't look perfect or when they make a mistake) helps with their self-esteem.
4) Loosen the leash.Let your teen make some decisions for themselves, and don't laugh or make fun of their decision—so, for example, if the teen is socially awkward, but they tell you that they want to learn how to act or participate in a talent show, go for it… let the teen learn how to make a decision for themselves and then the parent should be there, along the way, as a cheerleader or to pick them up off the floor. It makes for relationship bonding and lets the teen know that they are accepted by their family (when their peers may laugh at them). Also, it starts the autonomy process and helps the teen learn how to make decisions.
In any romantic relationship, we often think of having to set boundaries as a bad thing. Isn't our partner meant to understand us and our needs? Will setting boundaries kill the romantic side of our relationship?
These qualities allow people to be close without emotional harm. Boundaries are breached by such actions as: Reading personal mail or rummaging in personal space or demanding time, affection or consideration without considering the other person's wishes or feelings. Showing up unannounced is another classic breach of boundaries.
Expecting someone to always pay for things. Talking behind backs, changing appointments because something more fun came up. Boundaries can be set with grace and gentility. Be polite and say please and thank you. You probably will lose your boyfriend if you make big, obnoxious announcements about how you want to be treated. Instead, set an example by speaking up at the moment -- saying no, thank you or I'm sorry, I don't really like that when you need to. Anyone can be subjected to rudeness and inconsideration.
How you handle it determines whether you are setting boundaries or not. Most situations can be handled with polite firmness. People pleasers usually just don't know how to say no, thank you and make it stick. If you say no, thank you several times, then, gently tell the person you don't like what they're doing, that it makes you uncomfortable, and they still don't get it, then you need to sit them down and tell them you will not allow them to do that to you.
For example, if a boyfriend borrows money or lets you pay for food all the time, you can say, gently, I think it's your turn to buy groceries today or I really need you to pay back the money you borrowed If that doesn't work, then have a talk -- say, I think you're taking advantage of me financially, and I can't be your girlfriend if the situation doesn't improve.
So, I'm sorry, but I'm not going to lunch with you any more unless you buy, and/or I'm not lending you any money. If that doesn't improve matters, then you'll need to give that person a time out -- withdraw from personal contact, and just be very polite when you do happen to see him or her. He or she will get the message loud and clear. Perhaps your boyfriend will ask Are you mad at me? and then you can describe what the problem is.
Discuss your boundaries with your partner. Your boundaries may change, or you might find some that you didn't even know you had. That's ok! The sign of a healthy relationship is being able to express changes when you need to. This doesn't mean it won't be difficult, sometimes setting boundaries can be awkward, especially if your partner is sensitive. Ultimately, though, they can make your relationship stronger when you feel heard and supported.
Be ready to compromise. When you come to set your boundaries, don't be surprised if he has a few of his own. You may be opening a can of worms that neither one of you was willing to discuss...until you do. Listen to what he has to say, you both need to feel safe and supported to find the balance that works for both of you.
Take a good hard look at yourself. Sometimes we put boundaries up for a reason. Try and learn the difference between a healthy boundary and an unhealthy one. For instance, is he getting in your space or is there a deeper issue? Make sure that you know where you stand in terms of intimacy before drawing your red lines.
We've all been in a relationship where we get lost in our thoughts and feelings about that person. Sometimes we really want a relationship and like the person we are dating so we may not tell your partner what you need or want from that person early on in the relationship. Since the relationship changes (and hopefully evolves and you two grow closer) your boundaries may change too.
For example, your partner doesn't call you when he is on a business trip. That may be okay at the start of a relationship, but as intimacy grows the behaviors may need to change in order for the relationship to flourish. It comes down to expectations and boundaries. Healthy relationships involve boundaries. Ideally, boundaries are discussed upfront, but if that isn't possible then tell your partner at the first opportunity.
Communication skills are needed if a couple is going to talk about their expectations for the relationship. An easy way to communicate your expectation is, I feel_______ when you______. That will allow for clear communication as you share your feelings. Boundaries change, so be patient with your partner but communicate your expectations to your partner and leave the mind reading for the psychic.
How a couple communicates is a very important indicator that reveals how successful a relationship will be and the relationship's longevity. Setting boundaries and clearly articulating rules create a calm, rational, positive, and loving environment for both partners to exist. It reinforces a sense of a long-term teamwork that leads to healthy and happy relationships. It gives both partners in a relationship the rules for relationship happiness, and it creates a playbook to keep each other happy and emotionally secure.
In addition, setting boundaries - what you will and won't tolerate - indirectly communicates what you believe to be most important and demonstrates your understanding of your own value. For example, if loyalty is an important value to you, you must clearly communicate that cheating will have a particular set of consequences and, as such, you want certain discussions to happen before any cheating occurs.
Article #3 An article that I helped to write about how to connect with the clients.
It's important the client feels engaged right away, in that the therapist feels welcomed and receives dedicated care from the get-go.


text:
package todos

// This file was generated by the swagger tool.
// Editing this file might prove futile when you re-run the swagger generate command

import (
	"net/http"

	"github.com/go-swagger/go-swagger/errors"
	"github.com/go-swagger/go-swagger/httpkit/middleware"

	"github.com/go-swagger/go-swagger/examples/todo-list/models"
)

// NewAddOneParams creates a new AddOneParams object
// with the default values initialized.
func NewAddOneParams() AddOneParams {
	return AddOneParams{}
}

// AddOneParams contains all the bound params for the add one operation
// typically these are obtained from a http.Request
//
// swagger:parameters addOne
type AddOneParams struct {
	/*
	  In: body
	*/
	Body *models.Item
}

// BindRequest both binds and validates a request, it assumes that complex things implement a Validatable(strfmt.Registry) error interface
// for simple values it will use straight method calls
func (o *AddOneParams) BindRequest(r *http.Request, route *middleware.MatchedRoute) error {
	var res []error

	var body models.Item
	if err := route.Consumer.Consume(r.Body, &body); err != nil {
		res = append(res, errors.NewParseError("body", "body", "", err))
	} else {
		if err := body.Validate(route.Formats); err != nil {
			res = append(res, err)
		}

		if len(res) == 0 {
			o.Body = &body
		}
	}

	if len(res) > 0 {
		return errors.CompositeValidationError(res...)
	}
	return nil
}