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United Kingdom House of Lords Decisions
You are here: BAILII >> Databases >> United Kingdom House of Lords Decisions >> Chikwamba v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2008] UKHL 40 (25 June 2008)
URL: http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKHL/2008/40.html
Cite as: [2008] WLR 1420, [2008] INLR 502, [2008] UKHRR 1008, [2008] 1 WLR 1420, [2009] 1 All ER 363, [2008] HRLR 39, [2008] UKHL 40, [2008] Imm AR 700
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Judgments - Chikwamba (FC) (Appellant) v Secretary of State for the Home Department Chikwamba (FC) (Appellant) v Secretary of State for the Home Department
[2008] UKHL 40
on appeal from: [2005] EWCA Civ 1779
OF THE LORDS OF APPEAL
FOR JUDGMENT IN THE CAUSE
Chikwamba (FC) (Appellant) v Secretary of State for the Home Department
Appellate Committee
Lord Bingham of Cornhill
Lord Scott of Foscote
Baroness Hale of Richmond
Lord Brown of Eaton-under-Heywood
Appellants:
Michael Fordham QC
Raza Husain
(Instructed by TRP Solicitors)
Respondents:
Monica Carss-Frisk QC
Steven Kovats
(Instructed by Treasury Solicitors)
Hearing date:
14 AND 15 APRIL 2008
OPINIONS OF THE LORDS OF APPEAL FOR JUDGMENT
IN THE CAUSE
Chikwamba (FC) (Appellant) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Respondent)
My Lords,
I have had the advantage of reading in draft the opinion of my noble and learned friend Lord Brown of Eaton-under-Heywood. I am in full agreement with it, and would for the reasons which he gives allow the appeal and make the order which he proposes.
I have had the advantage of reading in draft the opinion of my noble and leaned friend Lord Brown of Eaton-under-Heywood. I agree with it, and for the reasons he gives I would allow the appeal and make the order that he proposes.
I have had the advantage of reading in draft the opinion on this appeal prepared by my noble and learned friend Lord Brown of Eaton-under-Heywood and am in complete agreement with the reasons he has given for allowing this appeal. My astonishment that the case should have had to come this far for the, as it seems to me, obvious conclusion that the appellant and her four year old child should be permitted to remain in this country with the appellant's husband and the child's father prompts me to add a few words of my own.
Not many would dispute, and I do not, that would-be immigrants who desire to remain permanently in this country should apply for permission to do so before coming here. It is the Government's policy that that should be so and that a failed asylum seeker should return, or be returned, to his or her country and make from there any applications for the right to reside in this country that he or she desires to make. But policies that involve people cannot be, and should not be allowed to become, rigid inflexible rules. The bureaucracy of which Kafka wrote cannot be allowed to take root in this country and the courts must see that it does not.
The appellant, as Lord Brown has explained, came to this country as a refugee from Zimbabwe. Her asylum claim failed but on account of the conditions in Zimbabwe the removal of failed asylum seekers to Zimbabwe was temporarily suspended (see para 11 of Lord Brown's opinion). While she was in this country in that state of limbo she married Mr Magaya, a Zimbabwe national who had been granted asylum and, accordingly, the right to remain. The marriage was in September 2002. No one has suggested that this was a marriage of convenience or other than a genuine consequence of the attachment that had grown between these two young people. In April 2004 a daughter was born to the appellant and her husband. In November 2004 the Secretary of State lifted the suspension of forced removals to Zimbabwe and the question then arose whether the appellant, presumably with her little girl, should be required to return to Zimbabwe in order to apply from Zimbabwe for permission to come to this country in order to resume her life with her husband. The Immigration Appeal Tribunal and the Court of Appeal held that that is what should happen.
The appellant, in her appeal, relies on article 8 of the Convention and, for my part, I regard the decisions of the lower courts as clearly unreasonable and disproportionate. It is, or ought to be, accepted that the appellant's husband cannot be expected to return to Zimbabwe, that the appellant cannot be expected to leave her child behind if she is returned to Zimbabwe and that if the appellant were to be returned to Zimbabwe she would have every prospect of succeeding in an application made there for permission to re-enter and remain in this country with her husband. So what on earth is the point of sending her back? Why cannot her application simply be made here? The only answer given on behalf of the Secretary of State is that government policy requires that she return and make her application from Zimbabwe. This is elevating policy to dogma. Kafka would have enjoyed it. I would allow this appeal.
For the reasons given in the opinion of my noble and learned friend, Lord Brown of Eaton-under-Heywood, with which I agree, I too would allow this appeal and make the order which he proposes.
In the case of Beoku-Betts v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2008] UKHL 39, the House has decided that the effect on other family members with a right to respect for their family life with the appellant must also be taken into account in an appeal to the AIT on human rights grounds. Even if it would not be disproportionate to expect a husband to endure a few months' separation from his wife, it must be disproportionate to expect a four year old girl, who was born and has lived all her life here, either to be separated from her mother for some months or to travel with her mother to endure the "harsh and unpalatable" conditions in Zimbabwe simply in order to enforce the entry clearance procedures
In determining an appeal under section 65 of the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999 (the 1999 Act) (now sections 82 and 84 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 (2002 Act)) against the Secretary of State's refusal of leave to remain on the ground that to remove the appellant would interfere disproportionately with his article 8 right to respect for his family life, when, if ever, is it appropriate to dismiss the appeal on the basis that the appellant should be required to leave the country and seek leave to enter from an entry clearance officer abroad?
The basic facts
The appellant is a Zimbabwean national now aged 26 who arrived in the UK with a younger brother and sister on 22 April 2002 and sought asylum on the basis of her and her mother's involvement in the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC). She had left behind in Zimbabwe two children by a man from whom she was estranged who were living with relatives.
On 5 June 2002 the Secretary of State refused her asylum claim, principally on grounds of credibility, and on 8 June 2002 refused her leave to enter. The Secretary of State added, however, that, because conditions in Zimbabwe had deteriorated, she had decided to suspend removals of failed asylum-seekers to Zimbabwe. (In the event, that suspension was not lifted for some two and a half years until 16 November 2004.)
On 26 September 2002 the appellant married Mr Magaya, a Zimbabwean national whom she had known in Zimbabwe since childhood and who had been granted asylum here on 13 June 2002.
On 4 February 2003 the Secretary of State refused the appellant's claim that to remove her to Zimbabwe would breach her article 8 right to respect for her family life. Just over a year later, on 14 April 2004, a daughter, Bianca, was born to the appellant and her husband.
The appeal proceedings below
The adjudicator dismissed the appellant's appeal on 14 May 2003 on the ground that, although conditions in Zimbabwe were "harsh and unpalatable", since the facts were insufficient to engage article 3, the appellant could not establish a case under article 8. The Court of Appeal was later to describe this, accurately, as "a plain error of law".
Although initially the IAT refused the appellant leave to appeal, later, following McCombe J's grant of permission to apply for judicial review of that refusal on 26 January 2004, and a consent order made by Gibbs J on the substantive judicial review hearing on 16 June 2004, leave to appeal was given on 22 November 2004 (just after the Secretary of State had lifted the suspension and forced returns to Zimbabwe) and on 4 January 2005 the appeal was heard.
Although it was common ground that the adjudicator had erred in his approach to article 8, the IAT dismissed the appeal essentially on the basis that the appellant could and should return to Zimbabwe to apply there for entry clearance to return to the UK. They believed that her separation from her husband (who they accepted faced "an insurmountable obstacle to his own return to Zimbabwe") would be for "a relatively short period".
On 16 November 2005 the Court of Appeal (Auld LJ, Jonathan Parker and Lloyd LJJ) dismissed the appellant's appeal, Auld LJ giving the single reasoned judgment.
The appellant had argued that because family life could not be constituted outside the UK in Zimbabwe and because there was doubt about whether she could comply with the substantive requirements of the immigration rules, her removal might cause the break-up of the marriage and Bianca's separation from one of her parents. Rule 352A, providing for leave to enter as the spouse of a refugee, required that the marriage had taken place before the refugee took flight from his home country (which here it had not). Rule 281, providing general leave to enter as a spouse, required the applicant to show that the family would be accommodated and maintained without recourse to public funds, a requirement which the appellant might not be able to meet (the difficulties facing refugees being implicitly recognised in Rule 352A which contains no such requirement).
Auld LJ summarised the Secretary of State's argument (in paras 43 and 44) as follows:
"[The appellant] confused two separate things: first, the substantive matter of permanent unity or break-up of a family and, secondly, the procedural means, such as entry clearance, for protecting the permanence of family unity. Procedural rules, the procedural aspect, is recognised in the immigration rules and instructions outside the immigration rules . . . [W]hat matters is the threat, if any, to the former of those two matters, to the permanent unity of the family, subject, as it is, to the provision of appropriate procedures for its protection, a matter for national resolution."
Auld LJ's judgment then continued:
"45 . . .[T]he fact that someone who has arrived in this country without the required entry clearance may be able to show that he would have been entitled to one does not, in the absence of exceptional circumstances, allow him to remain here without it. As Laws LJ observed in Mahmood [R (Mahmood) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2001] 1 WLR 840 ] at para 26: 'It is simply unfair that he [or she] should not have to wait in the queue like everyone else.' Or, as Simon Brown LJ in Ekinci [R (Ekinci) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2003] EWCA Civ 765, [2004] Imm AR 15 ], a case of a Turkish asylum seeker who had entered this country via Germany, put it at para 17:
'17 . . . It would be a bizarre and unsatisfactory result if, the less able the applicant is to satisfy the full requirements for entry clearance, the more readily he should be excused the need to apply . . . it is entirely understandable that the Secretary of State should require the appellant to return to Germany so as to discourage others from circumventing the entry clearance system . . .'
"47 . . . [The appellant's] assertion that there is a presumption in such cases in favour of family unity cuts across the clear rule of Mahmood and Huang, that it is only in exceptional cases that an adjudicator or the IAT can allow article 8 considerations to prevail over the public interest in maintaining efficient and orderly immigration control."
(The reference there was to Huang in the Court of Appeal; the House of Lords later allowed Mrs Huang's appeal and held that there is no additional requirement of exceptionality in article 8 cases—[2007] 2 AC 167.)
The governing legislation
Section 65 of the 1999 Act (since superseded by sections 82 and 84 of the 2002 Act) provides:
"(1) A person who alleges that an authority has, in taking any decision under the Immigration Acts relating to that person's entitlement to enter or remain in the United Kingdom, acted in breach of his human rights may appeal to an adjudicator against that decision . . .
(2) For the purposes of this Part, an authority acts in breach of a person's human rights if he acts, or fails to act, in relation to that other person in a way which is made unlawful by section 6(1) of the Human Rights Act 1998."
Section 72(2) of the 1999 Act provides:
"A person who has been, or is to be, sent to a member State or to a country designated under section 12(1)(b) is not, while he is in the United Kingdom, entitled to appeal—(a) under section 65 if the Secretary of State certifies that his allegation that a person acted in breach of his human rights is manifestly unfounded".
The rival arguments
(a) The appellant's case
Mr Fordham QC advances two alternative arguments. His first and wider submission is that in all human rights cases section 65 gives (subject only to section 72(2)(a)) an unqualified in-country right of appeal. True it is that certain of the immigration rules specify a requirement for entry clearance (as here, requirement (v) of rule 352A and requirement (vi) of rule 281) and that rule 28 provides that an applicant for entry clearance must be outside the UK at the time of the application. But in dismissing an appeal on the basis that the appellant must properly seek leave to enter from abroad, Mr Fordham argues that the appellate authorities are in effect depriving appellants of their statutory right to an in-country appeal. Such an appeal can be denied them only when the Secretary of State certifies, pursuant to section 72(2)(a), that the appellant's claim (here, that to remove her to Zimbabwe would breach her article 8 rights) is "manifestly unfounded". And such a certificate, he submits, can only properly be given when long-term removal is clearly permissible.
He submits in the alternative that even if in some cases it may be permissible to dismiss a section 65 appeal on the basis that the appellant should be required to apply for entry clearance abroad, this is not such a case: the interference with family life occasioned by the requirement here (even if only on a short-term basis) would be disproportionate to any legitimate objective of immigration control.
(b) The respondent's case
The respondent contests both submissions. There is nothing in section 65, submits Ms Carss-Frisk QC, to preclude the appellate authorities from deciding an appeal on the basis that the appellant must seek entry clearance abroad. The appellate authority is not thereby denying the appellant his or her in-country appeal; rather it is determining the appeal and deciding that it is necessary and proportionate in the interests of immigration control that any longer-term right to be in the UK should be decided whilst the appellant is abroad.
As for the appellant's narrower submission, the Secretary of State argues that there is nothing disproportionate in requiring the appellant to return to Zimbabwe on the particular facts of this case.
The possibility of successive section 65 appeals
Before turning briefly to the relevant authorities, it is, I think, worth pointing out that the argument before the Court of Appeal appears to have proceeded on the basis that, if and when an application for entry clearance came to be made in Zimbabwe, the ECO would decide it strictly in accordance with the immigration rules and, unless the appellant could satisfy all the requirements of a particular rule, her application would necessarily fail. But this, of course, is not so. As both sides recognised before your Lordships, even if the appellant could not bring herself strictly within the rules, the ECO would be bound to decide her article 8 claim in its own right (rule 2 of the Immigration Rules requiring entry clearance officers amongst others to comply with the provisions of the Human Rights Act 1998) and, if it were rejected, she would have a further section 65 right of appeal, albeit this time from abroad.
In short, the disposal of an in-country section 65 appeal on the basis adopted here carries with it the possibility of a subsequent section 65 appeal from abroad, in each case with the possibility of successive appeals to higher tribunals.
As has been seen, Auld LJ in the Court of Appeal referred to Mahmood and Ekinci. Mahmood was the first case in which the Court expressed the view that only exceptionally should an applicant for leave to remain be able to escape the requirement under the rules for entry clearance to be obtained abroad by having his substantive application to remain—whether under the rules or under article 8—determined here. The case concerned a Pakistani citizen who entered the UK illegally and claimed asylum. A week before his claim was refused and he was served with removal directions he had married a British citizen of Pakistani origin. Two children were later born. Various features of the case should be noted. First, the decision to refuse leave to remain pre-dated the coming into force of the Human Rights Act, although the Secretary of State said that he had taken article 8 into account and concluded that it would not be breached by removing the applicant to Pakistan: his wife and children could accompany him there. Secondly, the challenge was by way of judicial review, not statutory appeal. Thirdly, it appears to have been assumed that the immigration rules (including the requirement for entry clearance) themselves struck a justified and proportionate balance under article 8 except in wholly exceptional cases (a view which persisted until the House's decision in Huang). At para 23 of Laws LJ's judgment appears this:
"Firm immigration control requires consistency of treatment between one aspiring immigrant and another. If the established rule is to the effect—as it is—that a person seeking rights of residence here on grounds of marriage (not being someone who already enjoys a leave, albeit limited, to remain in the UK) must obtain an entry clearance in his country of origin, then a waiver of that requirement in the case of someone who has found his way here without an entry clearance and then seeks to remain on marriage grounds, having no other legitimate claim to enter, would in the absence of exceptional circumstances to justify the waiver, disrupt and undermine firm immigration control because it would be manifestly unfair to other would-be entrants who are content to take their place in the entry clearance queue in their country of origin."
Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers MR, although accepting that it would be "harsh if the applicant is denied contact with his two young children for a lengthy period," and expressing the hope that any entry clearance application would be dealt with "with reasonable expedition," did not in the end consider "that the Secretary of State's insistence that the applicant should comply with the same formal requirements as all other applicants seeking an entry visa to join spouses in this country is in conflict with article 8".
Ekinci followed some two and a half years later. That was on any view an exceptional case. The appellant was a Turkish citizen who entered the UK illegally and claimed asylum here, untruthfully asserting that he had not previously sought asylum in another EC country. In fact he had been in Germany for some eight years and had twice unsuccessfully claimed asylum there. Shortly after arrangements had been made for his removal back to Germany under the Dublin Convention, he married a woman whom he had known in Turkey and who had since come to the UK and acquired British citizenship. He then claimed the right to remain here with her under article 8. Later a child was born. This claim was certified by the Secretary of State pursuant to section 72(2)(a) to be "manifestly unfounded" and it was the dismissal of the judicial review challenge to that certification which came on appeal to the Court of Appeal.
The appellant argued that it would be wrong to return him to Germany to apply for entry clearance there because he would in any event fail to qualify. He (like the appellant in the present case) would probably be unable to show that he could live here "without recourse to public funds". It was in that context that I said what Auld LJ below cited from para 17 of my judgment (see para 19 above). Mr Ekinci, let it be clear, had an appalling immigration history; on granting him leave to appeal Sedley LJ had observed that "few claimants come to court with a track record of such prolonged evasion and mendacity". Having earlier in my judgment noted that there was scope for permission to enter outside the rules if article 8 required it and that the time taken to process entry clearance applications in Germany was something under a month, I concluded (at para 19) that there was:
"nothing even arguably disproportionate in requiring this appellant to return to Germany for the relatively short space of time that will elapse before he is then able to have his entry clearance application properly determined, if necessary outside the strict rules. That the Secretary of State is not contemplating or intending any longer-term, let alone permanent, separation of the appellant from his family seems to me abundantly plain . . ."
Brief mention should be made of two subsequent Court of Appeal decisions. Mukarkar v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2006] EWCA Civ 1045, decided some three years after Ekinci, concerned a Yemeni citizen who obtained entry clearance as a visitor by deception and then unsuccessfully sought leave to remain as a dependent relative of his many children settled here. He had numerous ailments and his health was continuing to deteriorate. In allowing his appeal the adjudicator concluded that he needed "permanent and constant home help" and that it was not reasonable to expect any of his children "to run the risk of losing their jobs merely to accompany him back to the Yemen to stay for an indeterminate period of time whilst the application is being considered or whilst he is waiting for an appeal to be heard". Allowing his further appeal against the IAT's reversal of the adjudicator's decision, Carnwath LJ, giving the leading judgment in the Court of Appeal, said (at para 32) that "Ekinci was a decision on its own facts; it did not purport to lay down any general proposition of law." The adjudicator was entitled to have regard to "the timescale likely to be involved and its consequences for the care of the appellant in the meantime. In considering the reasonableness of expecting one or more of his children to leave their commitments in this country to look after him on his return to the Yemen, it was material to consider whether such absence would be for a defined and limited period, or indeterminate."
SB (Bangladesh) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2007] EWCA Civ 28 concerned a Bangladeshi woman who entered into an arranged polygamous marriage in Bangladesh and many years later dishonestly (at the behest of her husband) obtained entry clearance as a visitor before then unsuccessfully seeking leave to remain as being financially dependent upon a daughter settled here. She was also anxious to continue enjoying access rights to her younger son here. The AIT dismissed her appeal, taking the view that there was "no reason why a properly structured application under [the relevant rule] should be refused by an ECO. After 12 months the appellant would be entitled to make an application for indefinite leave to remain in the UK under [the rule], since [her son] would still be under 18 at that time." In those circumstances the tribunal did not think it disproportionate to return the appellant to Bangladesh to apply for entry clearance there.
The Court of Appeal (Ward, Neuberger and Gage LJJ) allowed the appellant's appeal and remitted the case to the tribunal on the single ground that the tribunal "should not have carried out, or taken into account, their own assessment of her prospects of coming back to the UK on an indefinite basis pursuant to an application which she might make from Bangladesh for entry clearance under the immigration rules" (para 36 of the Court's judgment given by Ward LJ). As the Court had earlier observed (at para 22):
"It would . . . seem somewhat paradoxical if the stronger an appellant's perceived case for entry clearance under the immigration rules the more likely he or she is to be removed. Yet, . . . on the basis of the reasoning of the tribunal in this case, that would be the inevitable consequence."
The Court of Appeal's judgment referred to Mahmood, Ekinci and Chikwamba (the present case).
The wider argument
I do not accept Mr Fordham's submission that a section 65 appeal can never be dismissed on the basis that the appellant ought properly to leave the country to apply for entry clearance abroad. As Ms Carss-Fisk QC points out, that is not to deny the appellant his or her right to an in-country appeal but rather to dispose of it in a manner intended to promote immigration control.
The narrower ground
The question, however, of just when it may be appropriate and proportionate to dispose of a section 65 appeal on this basis is to my mind altogether more difficult.
As I observed in Ekinci, it would be bizarre if the weaker the appellant's case the readier should the Secretary of State and the appellate authorities be to excuse him the requirement to apply for entry clearance abroad. Similarly, as the Court later observed in SB (Bangladesh) (see para 32 above), it would be "paradoxical" if the stronger the appellant's case for entry clearance under the rules, the more appropriate would it be to remove him.
The Secretary of State's Asylum Policy Instruction on article 8, under the heading Consideration of Article 8 Family Life Claims,
includes this:
Is the interference proportionate to the permissible aim?
"In many cases, refusal or removal does not mean that the family is to be split up indefinitely. The . . . policy is that if there is a procedural requirement (under the immigration rules, extra-statutory policies or concessions) requiring a person to leave the UK and make an application for entry clearance from outside the UK, such a person should return home to make an entry clearance application from there. In such a case, any interference would only be considered temporary (and therefore more likely to be proportionate). A person who claims that he will not qualify for entry clearance under the rules is not in any better position than a person who does qualify under the rules—he is still expected to apply for entry clearance in the usual way, as the ECO will consider article 8 claims in addition to applications under the rules. See Ekinci...
In addition, it may be possible for the family to accompany the claimant home while he makes his entry clearance application, in which case there will be no interference at all.
For example, where a claimant is seeking to remain here on the basis of his marriage to a person settled in the UK, the policy is that they should return home to seek entry clearance to come here as a spouse under the relevant immigration rule. Where the spouse can accompany the claimant home while he makes his application, there will be no interference. Where this is not possible, the separation will only be temporary. The fact that the interference is only for a limited period of time is a factor that is likely to weigh heavily in the assessment of proportionality."
That, it would appear, is the policy applied in the appellant's case. There is no dispute as to the genuineness of her marriage, nor as to the "insurmountable obstacle" faced by her husband in accompanying her back to Zimbabwe whilst she applied for entry clearance there. We were told that it would be hoped to complete the entry clearance procedure within three months. In short, the policy requires the appellant to be separated from her husband (and Bianca from her father) for a "limited period of time", and regards this "temporary" interference with their family life as "proportionate".
Is the policy as a whole legitimate and proportionate? That is the first question to be asked. In answering it one must consider what its benefits really are. It is said to be necessary in the interests of the maintenance and enforcement of immigration control and indisputably that is a legitimate aim. But precisely what purpose is served and what in reality is achieved by this policy?
As we have seen, there is reference in some of the cases to jumping the queue, not having "to wait in the entry clearance queue like everyone else." It is not suggested, of course, that others are thereby put back in the queue and thus delayed in obtaining entry clearance. On the contrary, the very fact that those within the policy do not apply for entry clearance shortens rather than lengthens that queue. What is suggested, however, is that it is unfair to steal a march on those in the entry clearance queue by gaining entry to the UK by other means and then taking the opportunity to marry someone settled here and remain on that basis. But is it really to be said that others would feel a sense of unfairness unless those like the appellant are required to make their claims to remain from abroad?
Is not the real rationale for the policy perhaps the rather different one of deterring people from coming to this country in the first place without having obtained entry clearance and to do so by subjecting those who do come to the very substantial disruption of their lives involved in returning them abroad?
Now I would certainly not say that such an objective is in itself necessarily objectionable. Sometimes, I accept, it will be reasonable and proportionate to take that course. Indeed, Ekinci still seems to me just such a case. The appellant's immigration history was appalling and he was being required to travel no further than to Germany and to wait for no longer than a month for a decision on his application. Other obviously relevant considerations will be whether, for example, the applicant has arrived in this country illegally (say, concealed in the back of a lorry) for good reason or ill. To advance a genuine asylum claim would, of course, be a good reason. To enrol as a student would not. Also relevant would be for how long the Secretary of State has delayed in dealing with the case—see in this regard EB (Kosovo) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2008] UKHL 41. In an article 8 family case the prospective length and degree of family disruption involved in going abroad for an entry clearance certificate will always be highly relevant. And there may be good reason to apply the policy if the ECO abroad is better placed than the immigration authorities here to investigate the claim, perhaps as to the genuineness of a marriage or a relationship claimed between family members, less good reason if the policy may ultimately result in a second section 65 appeal here with the appellant abroad and unable therefore to give live evidence.
As matters presently stand the published policy appears to apply routinely to all article 8 family life cases irrespective of whether or not the rules apply:
"A person who claims that he will not qualify for entry clearance under the rules is not in any better position than a person who does qualify under the rules—he is still expected to apply for entry clearance…"
And for the reasons given in para 36 above it is, indeed, entirely understandable why someone outside the rules should not be better off. Oddly, however, when asked to explain why in those circumstances the appellant in Beoku-Betts v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2008] UKHL 39, seeking to remain here to enjoy family life with his emotionally dependent mother, was not first required to apply for entry clearance abroad, the Secretary of State (in a post-hearing note) said:
"Mr Betts did not . . . on the face of it fall within the scope of any relevant immigration rule designed to enable him to enjoy family life in the United Kingdom. In those circumstances it was not argued that Mr Betts should return to Sierra Leone to apply for entry clearance to join his family in the United Kingdom."
I cannot reconcile that explanation with the stated policy. Nor has any explanation been offered as to why the policy was not applied also to the appellant Mr Kashmiri in Huang, who did not qualify under a rule requiring entry clearance but who was asserting a family life claim to remain here under article 8.
I am far from suggesting that the Secretary of State should routinely apply this policy in all but exceptional cases. Rather it seems to me that only comparatively rarely, certainly in family cases involving children, should an article 8 appeal be dismissed on the basis that it would be proportionate and more appropriate for the appellant to apply for leave from abroad. Besides the considerations already mentioned, it should be borne in mind that the 1999 Act introduced one-stop appeals. The article 8 policy instruction is not easily reconcilable with the new streamlined approach. Where a single appeal combines (as often it does) claims both for asylum and for leave to remain under article 3 or article 8, the appellate authorities would necessarily have to dispose substantively of the asylum and article 3 claims. Suppose that these fail. Should the article 8 claim then be dismissed so that it can be advanced abroad, with the prospect of a later, second section 65 appeal if the claim fails before the ECO (with the disadvantage of the appellant then being out of the country)? Better surely that in most cases the article 8 claim be decided once and for all at the initial stage. If it is well-founded, leave should be granted. If not, it should be refused.
Your Lordships have been made aware too of recent changes to the immigration rules which appear to involve substantial mandatory periods of exclusion following refusal of entry clearance or leave to enter in respect of those who have entered illegally or overstayed. Inevitably these changes will have an impact on the future application of the policy in article 8 family cases.
Let me now return to the facts of the present case. This appellant came to the UK to seek asylum, met an old friend from Zimbabwe, married him and had a child. He is now settled here as a refugee and cannot return. No one apparently doubts that, in the longer term, this family will have to be allowed to live together here. Is it really to be said that effective immigration control requires that the appellant and her child must first travel back (perhaps at the taxpayer's expense) to Zimbabwe, a country to which the enforced return of failed asylum-seekers remained suspended for more than two years after the appellant's marriage and where conditions are "harsh and unpalatable", and remain there for some months obtaining entry clearance, before finally she can return (at her own expense) to the UK to resume her family life which meantime will have been gravely disrupted? Surely one has only to ask the question to recognise the right answer.
I would allow the appeal and hold that to remove the appellant to Zimbabwe would violate her and her family's article 8 rights. It was agreed that in these circumstances the respondent must pay the appellant's costs.


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Black Men, Black Women, Business
A Salute to the 2016 Black British Business Award Winners.
by beautypulseLONDON • October 14, 2016 • 0 Comments
A week ago, on the 6th of October, I had the privilege of attending the third Black British Business Awards (#BBBAwards) ceremony that took place at the St Paul's Grange Hotel. As it is #blackhistorymonth, it is a fitting time to celebrate these current business stars, who will certainly leave their mark on the British business scene of the future.
Checking into the Grange Hotel for the 2016 @thebbbawards !!! A celebration of talent, diversity , inclusion and excellence! #bbbaward2016 #bbbawards #londonbusiness #blackbusiness #britishblackbusiness #blackgirlmagic #blackboyjoy
A photo posted by Nats (@beautypulselondon) on Oct 6, 2016 at 4:45am PDT
The Black British Business Awards, founded by Melanie Eusebe (right) and Sophie Chandauka (left), celebrates and promotes the significant contribution that black professionals and entrepreneurs make to the United Kingdom. The awards recognise established leaders and rising stars in science, technology, arts and the media, professional services, financial services and entrepreneurs.
Fourteen exceptional business men and women were celebrated at the ceremony with over 450 guests in attendance from across British business, media and politics. It was an inspirational afternoon.
After an opening address by Chuka Umunna MP,whom stated that it was crucial to celebrate the achievements of Black British business community and that Brexit will present numerous opportunities for the African and Caribbean diaspora…
Brexit has given the Black British biz community opportunities to leverage the growth in emerging markets – @ChukaUmunna @theBBBAwards
— beautypulselondon (@beautypulse_ldn) October 6, 2016
… we were then treated to Caribbean inspired lunch. Once the ceremony commenced we were able to learn more about each of the finalists – all of whom were extremely accomplished. The energy in the room was extremely positive as we all celebrated with those who had been shortlisted.
It's lunch time at the @thebbbawards ! The room is full of 500 amazing business people changing the face of British #business #bbbaward2016 #TheBBBAwards #london #business #britishblackbusiness
A video posted by Nats (@beautypulselondon) on Oct 6, 2016 at 5:53am PDT
Twelve of winning recipients were recognised in the following categories:
Image Award Winner
Samantha Tross
Network Impact Winners
Financial Services Leader of the Year
Carol Lake – Managing Director, International Markets, Corporate Responsibility, J.P. Morgan
Financial Services Rising Star
Charlene Brown – Legal Counsel, Bank of New York Mellon
Arts & Media Leader of the Year
Misan Sagay – Screenwriter and Producer
Arts & Media Rising Star
Timothy Armoo – CEO, Fanbytes
Professional Services Leader of the Year
Walter H. White Jr – Partner, McGuireWoods LLP
Professional Services Rising Star
Winnie Annan-Forson – HR Business Partner, Barclays
Consumer & Luxury Leader of the Year
Najoh Tita-Reid – VP and Country Division Head at Bayer Consumer Health for UK & Ireland, Bayer plc
Consumer & Luxury Rising Star
Antony Pink – Co-Founder and COO, Laundrapp
Entrepreneur Leader of the Year
Damian Melville – Director, Melville & Daughters Funeral Directors
Entrepreneur Rising Star
Dumi Oburota – Founding Director, Disturbing London Records Limited
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Leader of the Year
Marcia Boakye-Keating – Oncology Team Leader, Roche Products Limited
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Rising Star
Jonathan Lule – Energy Project Manager, EDF Energy
It was also great to see Ade Hassan of Nubian Skin (Entrepreneur – Rising Star finalist) and fellow UCL BME Alumni committee member Dr Patrice Baptiste, a medical doctor and founder of Dream Smart Tutors on the shortlist!
#winning
Of the ceremony, Melanie Eusebe said:
"I congratulate all of the nominees and winners of the third Black British Business Awards – each one of them are evidence of the wealth of talent from the black community contributing substantially to the UK's economy. These individual achievements highlight the breadth and depth of business talent across the UK and show that an individual's potential to succeed should not be governed by the colour of their skin.
The programme has gone from strength to strength over the last three years and we are overwhelmed the resoundingly positive response and impact that it has had."
The afternoon concluded with the presentation of the Black British Business Person of 2016 to Chi-chi Nwanoku MBE, FRAM.
The Black British Business Awards 2016. Photo by Steve Dunlop. Steve@SteveDunlop.com
Chi Chi is Principal Double Bassist and co-founder of the Orchestra of the Age of the Enlightenment and Founder of The Chineke! Foundation. The Chineke! Foundation has been established to provide career opportunities to young BME classical musicians in the UK and Europe. In the past 12 months the orchestra has received five star ratings reviews from the press, has been made an Associate Orchestra of the South Bank Centre, was shortlisted for a Royal Philharmonic Society Award in the Ensemble category and had their work featured prominently in the Government's White Paper on Culture.
Check out a montage of the afternoon here and make sure you don't miss next year's event!
Tags: #thebbbawards Business Melanie Eusebe Sophie Chandauka The Black British Business Awards 2016
← @NubianSkin presents The Africa Collection
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie for @BootsUK No7 →
Beauty, Black Women, MYOB: Mind Your Own Business, Skincare
Beauty, Business, Hair, Inspiration, MYOB: Mind Your Own Business
Beauty, Black Women, MYOB: Mind Your Own Business, PR, Social Media, Women of Colour

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Do This Daily, get hard in 7 seconds!
Do You know The #1 Thing That Will DESTROY Any Man's Love Life?
<http://www.pilevat.icu/Lqyfyeogdz/inugoomq23167zjdrdbg/0Ncfxi9MquManOhuGfVlobDpYV8koht4VYzUBVlH7zs/Uj6qtFFNZ8XcDK1-0AfXBcy-RPtdjzl7qHFrZJW0Ew5p6LsFS3-f_aTDfo8BvRQDypMVr4rBFOtcrbPpjfKbguRcAnwiXPqnLcWC3L3ahOs>Not being able to perform in bed....You could have the most ""game" or you could be a great provider to your partnera? Regardless, if you cannot get it up and get it on, she will NOT see you as a man.
After all, if you can't poke her properly, she might as well sleep with women. Which is why you need to ensure that your hard-ons are up to snuff.
Unfortunately, many men battle these issues as early as their 20s.
But instead of making that embarrassing trip to the doctor, why not kill it in your kitchen?
That's right. You can your issues by simply following this recipe, and taking her to Poundtown.
There's no excuse to be a lousy lover. Not with this pecker-pumping secret at your disposal.


Very like slapping a variety extender or WiFi router on your private home network, carriers will effectively use wireless fiber as a solution to push the boundaries of their service footprints, serving more people on the edges of their territory and densifying their existing coverage areas.
This entry was posted in Wireless Internet Providers and tagged indonesia, internet, provider, tercepat by Eric Such. Bookmark the permalink.


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Kanyini
An Aboriginal Australian Shares His Story and Wisdom
A Pitjantjatjara word meaning interconnectedness; caring, support, nurturing, and responsibility, "Kanyini" is a feature documentary which explores the philosophy and the life of Bob Randall, an Aboriginal man who...
A Pitjantjatjara word meaning interconnectedness; caring, support, nurturing, and responsibility, "Kanyini" is a feature documentary which explores the philosophy and the life of Bob Randall, an Aboriginal man who lived in Mutitjulu, a town beside the world's greatest monolith, Uluru, in Central Australia. Bob Randall is a 'Tjilpi' (old fella) of the Yankunytjatjara people and a member of the Stolen Generations.
In"Kanyini" Randall shares his knowledge of Anangu wisdom and stories of his personal journey. He also explores some of the reasons behind the struggles of Aboriginal Australians in modern day Australia. Randall explains that when European Australians came to Australia, they broke the four Kanyini Principles that were an integral part of Anangu life. Tjukurrpa was broken when Europeans imposed their law on the Anangu. Ngura was broken when Aboriginal people were forced to move away from their homelands. Walytja was broken when the children of Randall's generation were removed from their family as part of the Stolen Generations and Kurunpa was broken when Aboriginal spirituality was replaced with Christianity.
In explaining the loss of his Kurunpa, Randall notes the disconnect between the teachings of the Bible and the actions of the white men who professed them.
A necessary and beautiful film, "Kanyini" looks at the world's oldest living culture in a way that's never been seen before.
Melanie Hogan
Bob Randall
One Sweet Life Pty Ltd


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2014 UW Bothell News
International program teaches English language and diversity
June - December 2019
January - May 2019
January- May 2010
UW Bothell Experts
Fahad Alshehri
Leah Shin
Aretha Basu
Matthew Dunaway
Cecilee Fernandez
Feruza Ghias
Holly Gummelt
Sukhaman Kaur
Randa Mustafa
On a recent Friday, UW Bothell's Husky Hall was the site for a lively celebration involving an eclectic group of students, teachers, staff and advisory board members. The event was the culmination of Proyecta 100,000.
For one month, the UW Bothell community was host, educator, student and collaborator with 30 students from Mexico, visiting for an English language study course.
Proyecta 100,000, a collective between Mexico and the U.S. Government, has a goal of getting 100,000 students to participate by 2020.
When UW Bothell advisory board member Suzanne Del Rio and her husband, Nelson presented international enrollment manager Dana Brolley with the opportunity to bring the program to UW Bothell, she and her team jumped into action.
Bringing a degree-seeking international student to the university requires an involved process, however most of that process is already in place. Bringing 30 international students for a short term program often requires fast, intensive planning and support for travel, boarding, curriculum and, of course, sightseeing. The program is personalized for each group.
Krista Garg is part of Brolley's team that has been bringing short- term programs to campus for the past three years. She says Proyecta 100,000 was the perfect opportunity for the UW Bothell community, "This and other short-term programs offer a variety of ways to bring other diverse perspectives to our campus while teaching those students about diversity and what it looks like in the United States."
The students, ranging widely in age and English learning needs, arrived at UW Bothell eager to begin their cross cultural experience in honing or learning English language skills, better understanding the culture and getting a taste of student life on and off campus.
In addition to English language classes, the group interacted with faculty and other students groups including the Latino Student Union. They also played tourists - and yes, they visited Fremont's famous gum wall. The group was even treated to a Thanksgiving dinner along with other student groups visiting from Brazil and Italy.
Laura Alejandra Cuautle Campos says she was impressed with the level of support provided by UW Bothell. The Universidad Autonoma de Chihuahua student says she hopes her completion of Proyecta 100,000 will be equally impressive as she works toward a degree in aerospace engineering, "I've always been interested in languages," Campos says. "My major is aerospace engineering, so this was a great opportunity to improve my skills," she explains. "I really want to come back to the United States to finish my studies and I think this opportunity will make a big change on my resume."
The Del Rios attended the celebration and Nelson summed up their hopes for the group with one request, "Go back and make contributions to your country." The students took that request to heart, but before they departed for Mexico, they had two important tasks to complete. They took lots of photos with Holly Husky and proudly presented their experiences through the digital stories below.
Advancement & External Relations
19128 112th Ave NE, Suite 102
Email: uwbnews@uw.edu


Decorate your desktop with this stunning Assassin-characters-from-Video Game-Forsaken World-HD Wallpaper-2560×1600 wallpaper. Choose one of the available sizes to fit every display size. Download this free Assassin-characters-from-Video Game-Forsaken World-HD Wallpaper-2560×1600 wallpaper in high resolution and use it to brighten your PC desktop, Ipad, Iphone, Android, Tablet and every other display. To get the desktop background (wallpaper) click on the required resolution. You can also use a desktop background as your lock screen, or your Start screen background.


Class registration must be completed online. There are approximately 45 weeks of cycling school in a year and registration is set up on a quarterly schedule. Each of the session quarters has approximately 10-12 classes.
Peloton enrollment is due two-weeks prior to the beginning of the quarter, with the exception of the first quarter of 2019 when enrollment is due December 31, 2018.
Start Line graduates may enroll in the Peloton immediately upon completing the Start Line course meaning there is no need to wait for the beginning of a quarter. Class fees can be paid online or submitted in person to your CCF coach. If you plan to submit your class fee in person then send CCF and email at the same time you enroll to let us know of your intention. Make checks payable to Connie Cycling Foundation.
A Velo Sports Center (VSC) pass will be issued to each student enrolled in the Youth Program Peloton. Students must check-in at the VSC reception desk using the pass each time they enter the building. This policy will be enforced so please help get your athlete into the habit of checking in at the desk. Inform your CCF coach right-a-way if you lose your VSC pass and we'll get a replacement.
Email an absent note to the CCF office at least 24-hours in advance of your absence. We will try to fill the one-time absentee spot with a rider from the stand-by ride list (see stand-by below). Email a note asap in any last minute emergency situations. There is no credit or refund given for missed classes. If your athlete is absent without notification for three consecutive classes, we will assume you have dropped out and will permanently open up your spot in the class.
Here's how the stand-by list works: An email announcement will be sent to the stand-by ride list as soon as CCF receives notification that an athlete will be absent from class. The absentee space will be filled first come first serve replies to the announcement. Stand-by riders pay a single class fee due in person at the class ($15/hr).
Be respectful of coaches and class mates and plan ahead for on-time arrival for classes. Athletes will be escorted from the concourse to the infield approximately 5 mintues prior to the scheduled class start time. Athletes arriving late, may need to wait to join the class. Coaches will attend to late arrivals at a point that is least disruptive to the class that is already in session.
No classes on May 24,27 and July 3,4,5, and Labor Day, Thanksgiving November 27,29 and Christmas week.
Email is our main form of communication for the program. Please make sure that we have your correct email address on our list.
LIKE the Connie Cycling Facebook page and follow us. Get your friends and family to LIKE us too!


Can you believe it's almost 2015? Where did this year go!!?? I know most of you probably use some sort of calendar, agenda, or planner to keep life on track. For me, writing things down helps me remember it that much more. That being said, I have finally purchased the perfect agenda and blog planner that works best for me. I want to share some others that might work for you too!
I love this Kate Spade planner. For starters, it's simple and it fits in my purse perfectly. I have a place to write down everything I need to do during the week and the calendar view helps keep me on track. I have never been one to plan by hour or plan by "morning, afternoon, and evening" so I love the simplicity of the Kate Spade agenda.
I have recently discovered Sugar Paper and boy do they make my heart sing! From calendars (I bought that too) to planners they have beautiful and reasonably priced products. Even better, they have some of their products in Target right now so hurry and go get them!! I will wait………ok are you back? Good. I purchased the large pink planner and I am going to use it as a blog planner! It has lots of lines to plan and large enough so I can jot down all my crazy notes and blurbs.
The next planner I have is the Emily Ley home binder (binder is from Target). She does have her simplified planners which a lot of people use, however I wasn't too hip on how the weeks were laid out. That being said, I needed a place to keep track of birthdays, finances, meal planning, and addresses. I love her home binder, it has everything to keep track of all the family necessities. And let's be honest, bf is happy that the meals are planned for the week and all the bills are tracked and taken care of. Win.
You might be thinking, is this chic crazy?? She has three different places she writes things down? Yes, yes I do. I love my Kate Spade planner for day-to-day planning. It helps me keep track of work, bf's job, meetings, important dates, etc. The 2015 blog planner is a good way for me to keep my blog organized and schedule posts. Who knows I might even use this planner next year for everything.
These are gorgeous planners. I love stationery and looking at planners but when it comes down to it, I pretty much rely on my phone calendar, boring I know!


Hawthorn Terrace are two storey former town houses that are approximately 150 years old and are of brick construction under a pitched slate roof. The properties are adjoined but there is no internal access self-contained.
South Tyneside House comprises of a 4 storey office building constructed from steel portal frame. Internally, the central core has been refurbished to a good standard and offers access to the ground floor and stairwell to the upper floors. The building includes lift access to all floors and open plan floor plates. The first floor has been fitted out as office accommodation incorporating comfort cooling, suspended ceilings and is fully carpeted.
Property for sale. Mixture of warehouse and office space. Floor area 393.2 sq.m. (4,232.36 sq.ft.). Suitable for a variety of uses (stpp).
A purpose built two storey office building providing modern offices suited to occupation as a whole or as two separate suites. Strong Investment Potential. High specification of fit-out. Total Area (IPMS3): 217.71 sq m (2,342sq ft). Ground floor: 103.20 sq m (1,079 sq ft). First floor: 117.39 sq m (1,263 sq ft) Rental Enquiries also invited.
Baltic Chambers is situated at the heart of Newcastle Quayside on Broad Chare overlooking the newly created Live Gardens. Fronting onto the Law Courts, the area benefits from nearby leisure and retail amenities together with excellent transport links. The Quay Link bus stop lies within close proximity to the property offering excellent public transport connectivity. The subject property occupies first floor position within a four storey mixed use building. Previously occupied by the New Park Court Chambers, the demise offers light and any cellular office accommodation on one large floor plate.
See the latest North East England office listings from across the market. Currently there are 75 available conventional offices in North East England. Jubilee Works, Anchor Road, Harrogate, HG1 4TA is the latest office for sale (2,866 sq ft), listed by Feather Smailes Scales.
Start a new search to search for other commercial properties for sale in North East England or to find conventional offices for sale in other areas.
Realla.co - for all your North East England commercial property for sale needs.


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Home>Entertainment> See The First Photo Of Donald Glover With The Star Wars Cast
See The First Photo Of Donald Glover With The Star Wars Cast
#article See The First Photo Of Donald Glover With The Star Wars Cast: Also, check the release date for the Han… https://t.co/OGfZWvr2gPpic.twitter.com/9RnUxJQP6j
— Krucial Instinct (@TeamKeeStylez) February 23, 2017
Also, check the release date for the Han Solo movie.
Ever since news broke that Donald Glover would be playing a young Lando Calrissian in the u pcoming Han Solo spin-off film, interest has only grown. Earlier this week, Star Wars kept fans happy by releasing the first photo of the cast (seen above) and and a release date for the film.
Unfortunately no one is in costume in the shot, with the exception of Chewbacca. Alden Ehrenreich (who plays Han Solo), Emilia Clarke, Woody Harrelson join a nicely mustached Donald Glover in the cockpit of the Millennium Falcon. Glover has been hard at work preparing for the film, even talking to the original Lando, Billy Dee Williams.
The release date for the film was also unveiled at the same time. The as-of-now untitled film is set to release on May 25, 2018. The release date explains why Glover had to push back the next season of Atlanta. He's also going to be voicing Simba in an upcoming Lion King remake, which probably isn't helping his busy schedule
Entertainment Life News star wars donald glover Childish Gambino han solo movies
Amber Rose Says Kevin Durant Didn't Smash
Sixers Reportedly Agree To Trade Nerlens Noel
ENTERTAINMENT See The First Photo Of Donald Glover With The Star Wars Cast


This area provides support for patient care needs in the various surgical departments. Funds may be used for patient care and comforts, medical equipment, diagnostic imaging, clinical training and other critical needs. Surgical services cover all areas of specialty provided at KGH including: cardiac, general, neuro, obstetric & gynecological, otolaryngology (ENT), orthopedic, trauma, plastic, thoracic, urology and vascular.
For equipment, equipment up-grades, construction and renovation of operating rooms and surgical services.


Akam — born Najibullah Habib — has experienced it all.But while he has served with the Canadian troops as an interpreter, the one thing he has not experienced is life in Canada.
That is about to change."I am so excited," he said from Germany, where he has been in a refugee camp for most of the last six months.He's not the only one.
After a long battle to see it happen, the 29-year-old will finally set foot on the soil of his dream home this week. His flight from Frankfurt, Germany, on Aer Lingus lands at Pearson airport at 4:25 p.m. Friday.It's hard to know what happens after that, but it's a start.
He will soon be halfway there. And there are several key people who helped make it happen.
It was difficult, though, to make that case in the beginning to Canada's immigration officials.
James could not seem to get through the process and was rejected. But Kirkwood went to bat for him. He put a call into the Toronto Sun last year and talked with an editor named Dave Pizer, who passed it along to city editor Jonathan Kingstone.
Once James arrives here, the focus will shift to the remaining interpreters in Afghanistan who we also don't want to leave on the battlefield. Canada was able to bring in 1,100 people in a special program for interpreters and their families, but the door had closed. Former veteran affairs ministers Julian Fantino and Erin O'Toole were helpful. The people who represent German and international interpreters — Andre Lindemann, president of the Bundesverband der Dolmetscher und Ubersetzer e.V. (BDU), as well as colleagues Maya Hess and Ralf Lemster — were vital to getting James to a meeting in Berlin and putting him up for weeks while he was being processed."I owe them so much," James said.
The most important player in this story is Immigration Minister John McCallum. While the Markham-Unionville MP was busy with the goal of bringing in 25,000 Syrian refugees, he also made this a priority."I want to shake his hand one day," Akam said. Perhaps it will happen sooner than you think. Whatever happens next for James Akam, he's the first to acknowledge it will have been worth the wait.


Visit the online site of Tripura Institute of technology, to know more details about the popular university that is located in Tripura, India. The site provides the users with details about the university, about the board of governors, message of the principal of the university, info about the campus and the institute, about the working group of the Tripura Institute of technology, view maps and directions of the location of the university, find details about the infrastructure of the university, about the right to information and important contact numbers of the university and its administrative office. Users can find all the adequate details that they want to know about the university such as the various departments in the university, the courses it offers, the syllabus, the academic calendar for the current academic year, and also know about the facilities like libraries and other infrastructure in the university, details about the members in the faculty important notices about the admission, conferences and workshops held, the notices about tenders, fee structure, about the training and placements and much more.


HAEX HRLL North Of Warren vinyl at Juno Records.
Haex Hrll is a new project from long-serving Dutch techno and electro producer Jeroen Warmenhoven, a man best known as DJ Overdose. In some ways the new pseudonym was needed, because North of Warren is musically rather different from much of his club-centric material. The A-side contains a trio of tracks dripping in the kind of vintage synthesizer sounds and cinematic melodies found on John Carpenter's best work, with only the producer's penchant for dusty drum machine hits breaking the spell. Over on the B-side, label co-founder Anton Maovvi pays tribite to Vangelis's Blade Runner soundtrack on a superb remix of forthcoming album track "Test Tube Babies", before fellow Giallo Disco boss Vercetti Technicolour turns "North of Warren" into a mid'-90s trance throbber.


This site is intended, both for beginners in the world of currencies, and for skilled traders. We collected in one place all the information that may be needed to get acquainted with the basic concepts, such as cryptocurrencies, crypto wallets and their varieties, crypto-exchanges and exchangers.	You can easily track the currencies rates and their capitalizations.
The information provided on the website is fact-finding and is not an appeal to the purchase of Crypto-currency. It is worthwhile to understand that investing in digital currencies is a risky business and requires certain basic knowledge.
We keep track of quotes about 2000 cryptocurrency, and this list is constantly updated.


Caudices simple, 1-1.5 cm diam. Leaves: rosettes 6-10 (-25)-leaved; blade shiny green, often with maroon abaxially, ovate to elliptic, 2-5 × 1.5-2.5 cm, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces not farinose, not glaucous. Inflorescences: floral shoots 5-15-leaved, 4-15 cm; cincinni 3+, 3-5-flowered, 1-3 cm. Petals bright yellow, often marked with red, 10-14 × 2.5-3.5 mm. 2n = 34. Flowering late spring. Shaded rocky slopes; of conservation concern; 200-400 m; Calif. Subspecies ovatifolia is known from the Santa Monica and Santa Ana mountains; it is considered fairly threatened (California Native Plant Society, http://cnps.web.aplus.net/cgi-bin/inv/inventory.cgi).


This school year, the 4th graders at Pueblo Gardens Elementary will get to learn about bike safety and build their riding skills at the Bike Rode on September 22-23, 2016. This great program, brought to our focus schools by the Pima County Bicycle and Pedestrian Program, combines classroom activities and riding practice to help kids become safe and confident riders while having a fun-filled day! The bike rodeo will be offered to all 4th graders during regular school hours (registration not required) and all participating students will receive FREE helmets.


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Posted inTechnology
Google Buying Satellite Maker Skybox for $500M
by Washington Informer June 10, 2014 October 30, 2020
In this June 5, 2014 photo, a man walks past a Google sign at the company's headquarters in Mountain View, Calif. Google is buying Skybox Imaging in a deal that could serve as a launching pad for the Internet company to send its own fleet of satellites to take aerial pictures and provide online access to remote areas of the world. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
In this file satellite image provided by Skybox Imaging and taken by SkySat-1 on Tuesday, Feb. 18, 2014 at 11:10 a.m. local time, smoke rises from the site of anti-government protests, upper center, in Kiev, Ukraine. Google is buying Skybox Imaging in a deal that could serve as a launching pad for the Internet company to send its own fleet of satellites to take aerial pictures and provide online access to remote areas of the world. (AP Photo/Skybox Imaging, File)
MICHAEL LIEDTKE, AP Technology Writer
SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — Google is buying Skybox Imaging in a deal that could serve as a launching pad for the Internet company to send its own fleet of satellites to take aerial pictures and provide online access to remote areas of the world.
The $500 million acquisition announced Tuesday initially will provide Google with the means to improve the quality and immediacy of the satellite imagery used in its digital maps.
Google Inc. plans to use Skybox's satellite already in orbit to supplement the material that it licenses from more than 1,000 sources, including other satellite companies such as DigitalGlobe and Astrium.
Eventually, though, Skybox could turn into another Google "moonshot" — a term that CEO Larry Page has embraced for describing ambitious projects that could take several years to materialize.
Google hopes to build more satellites that could be used to beam Internet access to points around the world. That would expand an effort that Google began a year ago when it unveiled "Project Loon" — a venture featuring jellyfish-shaped balloons equipped with antennas to bring the Internet to parts of the world without the proper wiring to get online.
As the owner of the world's most popular search engine and email service, Google typically benefits when more people are on the Internet to see the ads that generate most of the company's annual revenue of $55 billion. Page and other Google executives say they are primarily interested in getting more people on to the Internet to create a more egalitarian and knowledgeable society.
The expansion into satellites comes two months after Google bought drone maker Titan Aerospace for an undisclosed amount.
Google made about 250 acquisitions during the past decade, using many of them to expand into new markets, including maps and mobile devices.
To the frustration of some investors, Google also has been spending billions of dollars exploring new frontiers of technology, including driverless cars, Internet-connected headwear, robots and a startup called Calico striving to find ways to slow the aging process. Other investors have applauded Google for having the vision and audacity to make big bets on bold ideas that analysts say could hatch lucrative products in the rapidly changing technology industry.
Google's most-widely traded class of stock dipped $2.43 Tuesday to close at $568.30.
Skybox is a 5-year-old startup in Mountain View, California, located a mile-and-half from Google's headquarters in the same Silicon Valley city. Led by aerospace industry veteran Tom Ingersoll, Skybox has been working on additional satellites that should be easier to complete with Google's backing.
"The time is right to join a company who can challenge us to think even bigger and bolder, and who can support us in accelerating our ambitious vision," Skybox said in a blog post.
Skybox had previously raised about $91 million in venture capital. The company says it employs about 100 people.
Google is hoping to gain regulatory approval to take control of Skybox Imaging within the next few months. The deal needs approval from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, as well as the Federal Communications Commission.
Google Translate App Becomes Real-Time Interpreter
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Tagged: Google, Google satellite, Google Skybox, Skybox, Skybox Imaging, Skybox satellite


The National Working Group on Vocationalisation Education (also known as the V.C. Kulandaiswamy Committee, 1985) reviewed the Vocational Education Programme (VEP) extensively and developed guidelines for the expansion of the programme.
The scheme is being implemented through the state governments/ Union Territory Administrations in the formal sector and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) in the non-formal sector. The main objectives of the scheme are to enhance individual employability, reduce the mismatch between demand and supply of skilled manpower and provide an alternative for those pursuing higher education without particular interest or purpose.
In the formal sector, the state governments implement the scheme at the +2 stage through more than 7000 schools. In the non-formal sector, the scheme provides assistance to NGOs for taking up innovative programmes for promotion of vocationalisation of education on a project basis.
National Council for Technology and Training (NACTET) is an autonomous organization registered under Govt of Kerala and recognized by Government of India National Capital Territory, New Delhi. Being a National development agency, NACTET serve the country as a non-profit, non-political and non-sectarian organization. More than 300 ATCs have already got registered under National Council for Technology and Training . NACTET certificates have got high credibility among employers in India and abroad especially in Middle East and other parts of the world. All certificates issued by NACTET can be attested by Ministry of External affairs-Govt. of India and by the embassies of almost all countries and authenticity of the certificate can be verified from the official website.
ATCs shall contact Administrative office for more details on NACTET Recognitions.


There are loads of children taking student scholarship exams every year. Out of the entire group, it's a rule that only a few are chosen as recipients of the scholarship programs and therefore it's important for parents to know that their child can handle disappointments of missing out. It also helps when you encourage and boost your child's morals is the best way to keep fledgling spirits high.
One important thing to keep in mind is that, it is important to bear in mind that although your child is achieving excellence in his own school, going in for a scholarship, he/she is competing against other similarly high-achieving students for limited scholarship places. Therefore, it's important to give constant encouragement and moral support to your kid.
For taking an online scholarship test you first need to make an online search that will give you a list of scholarship programs. Choose the scholarship program that highlights your child's capabilities. Once you have picked the category, register under that specific category. The process of appearing in an online test can be a great learning experience for your kid. Preparing your child for an online scholarship test can help improve your child's thinking ability and problem solving ability and time management skills.
Also, nothing is more rewarding than devoting time to groom your child's abilities and which in turn is can be a great bonding experience and can foster parent-child relationships too. So, if you want to give your child a head start in life, go in for an online scholarship test today and make that first step towards shaping your child's future.
An interesting approach that has caught the fancy of many kids is online games. These games are for the development of the child's mind. In role-playing shooting games for example, the character may be running and shooting at the same time. This requires the real-world player to keep track of the position of the character, where he/she is heading, their speed, where the gun is aiming, if the gunfire is on target and so on. This improves the situational and response abilities of the child.
In addition, multitasking ability is also achieved to a large extent. In strategy games, for instance, while developing a city, an unexpected surprise like an enemy might emerge. This forces the player to be flexible and quickly change tactics. Such instances help the kid develop the better planning and strategy skills. Online educational games can thus help kids develop their mental ability in a way traditional means may not be able to achieve.


Feature 6: PH Neutral Size: ACEO 2.5" x 3.5" x 1/8"
What is ACEO?. Each canvas is backed with a "Certificate of Authenticity" for you to fill in. Blank Artist Canvas Panels. Draw - Paint - Sketch. Over 38,000 Handmade Canvas Panels Sold ! Tightly woven canvas for the Smoother Finish !


Thousands of Americans living with Balance and Core Stability shop at Allegro Medical to find products that make their lives easier. From the Fitter Classic 16" Wobble Board - Plastic to the AIREX Balance Pad , you can find it here.
Use it to exercise legs.
I use these for core work with Restorative Exercise. Easy to fill, good resistance, nice texture.


Fishery policies are broadly debated in the Nordic countries, focusing on balancing biological concern of fish stocks, economic return to society and coastal communities' interests. Market Based Fisheries Management is used in several Nordic countries today and is at the core of these debates. While it by many is considered a powerful tool that works towards ensuring improved economy of fisheries, it is also considered a controversial tool.
In this report we analyse and forecast the structural development of selected Nordic Market Based Managed fisheries until 2025. Our results suggest that continued use of Market Based Fisheries Management will increase socioeconomic returns and profits towards 2025 substantially.


text:
arcnews
Wall Street Network Leverages Cloud Knowledge Management to Promote New Busines
Cloud-based GIS from Esri helped the staff at Wall Street Network (WSN) keep producing online maps even after flooding from superstorm Sandy cut the power at the company's offices at 110 Wall Street in New York City.
Modeling and visualizing high winds can give risk managers a better idea of what may happen during and after a storm.
Coincidentally—and fortunately—WSN, a technology solution provider based in New York City's Financial District, had recently licensed ArcGIS and ArcGIS Online. The company uses the software to create solutions that help its clients – including risk managers in organizations such as insurance and financial service companies—analyze and effectively present vast amounts of data to better understand the risks associated with a catastrophe such as Sandy.
Kristina Mazelis, chief operating officer and chief financial officer at WSN, learned about flooding near the WSN offices from Sandy in the early evening of October 29, 2012. She received a notification from her data center monitoring equipment, indicating that the offices' backup power supplies had been activated.
"The loss of power we experienced, along with flooding, meant that the company would not be able to use [its] offices and had to instead rely on people to work from home," Mazelis said. "We also had to support dozens of small and medium-sized business clients in the same situation. They needed us to deploy their business continuity and disaster response plans—making sure they, too, could continue to do business even in the face of such a devastating event."
WSN's engineers located in New York and Michigan were already equipped with all the tools they needed to remotely monitor and manage their systems as well as provide live end-user support over the Internet. ArcGIS Online, a cloud-based platform, was one of those tools.
Failsafe Business System
WSN uses ArcGIS Online to create interactive maps and applications that can be quickly incorporated in risk managers' workflows so that content created by one user can easily be shared with others. WSN's clients can view and work with maps and perform analysis on smartphones, tablets, and notebooks, as well as the traditional office desktop. "Because Esri software is easy to use and incorporates all the data we need, we can build better products quickly and focus on solving business problems and delivering users new perspectives," Mazelis said. "We can remove the complexities of working with spatial data and provide our clients with the extensive discovery, collaboration, and analysis tools they need in their businesses."
You can view real-time information via ArcGIS Online such as this advisory about Tropical Storm Beryl, which made landfall in Jacksonville Beach, Florida in May 2012.
When Sandy hit on October 29, WSN engineers never missed a beat. They continued to create customized solutions for their clients using ArcGIS Online and other cloud-based software. "Because our development is in the cloud, our developers' efforts have not been impacted," Mazelis said. "If we hadn't been equipped with Internet and cloud capabilities, we would have been dead in the water—no pun intended."
Minimizing Risk before a Catastrophe Happens
In what may now seem like a bit of foreshadowing, WSN decided months before the storm to create its first ArcGIS Online application for the insurance industry. "We chose this solution because we wanted to provide customers with tools to easily view and understand their policies by location to see how they are affected by perils just like superstorm Sandy," Mazelis said.
The ability for WSN to host this solution means its clients don't have to host it themselves. "This is an important point," said Mazelis. "The small carriers that exist in the US provide quite a bit of insurance in the marketplace but lack the budget necessary to run sophisticated catastrophe models. We've lowered the costs for some by hosting the data and platform. We are able to put together these apps, so now carriers of any size can subscribe to the solution without a huge capital expense."
After a disaster like Sandy, insurance companies try to quickly create models that calculate its impact. With ArcGIS Online, WSN staff can help these companies understand their true risk instead of playing a guessing game.
The highlighted geography shows the insured value loss estimates after Beryl made landfall.
Geography traditionally plays a part in this process. Risk managers use a property's location to judge how far away it is from a hazard such as a storm surge zone. With the help of ArcGIS Online, WSN created a solution for risk managers to interactively view and discover updated spatial hazard inventory data to analyze information in real time. Depending on the catastrophe model created—a storm surge, for example—a hazard can be displayed on a map. The map can also include the locations of a client's assets, so calculations can be made to determine the company's exposure to risk before, during, and after a storm.
Cloud Helps Business Continuity
WSN's solution is changing the insurance industry from having to react in an ad hoc manner—for example, after a storm has occurred, asking what the damage was—to being constantly proactive. Hazards such as storms, political situations, and similar events can be monitored in real time.
Ensuring that the monitoring systems in place are available—even when the provider is hit—is invaluable. As of this article's publication, WSN's telephones had not yet been rerouted due to the storm surge, and the company is not expecting to return to business as usual in its offices for another six months. Saltwater damage to building wiring—including electrical, data, security, and elevator systems—means that all wiring must be completely reengineered and replaced. This is the fate for thousands of businesses in New York City. In many places, fuel, oil, and wastewater inundation has made buildings uninhabitable. The City of New York is working with storm-impacted businesses by coordinating programs that provide temporary workspaces and free services and supplies. Businesses in need of these services can view a complete list of locations.
"Lessons learned from Sandy were the unexpected benefits of cloud and mobile technology for business continuity," Mazelis said. "We benefited from implementing these technologies to deploy, manage, and implement our client solutions and understand firsthand the importance of implementing these technologies in our business continuity and disaster response solutions."
For more information on how ArcGIS Online benefits business, visit esri.com/business.
ArcGIS Online: What's New?
Read the next article in this issue
ArcNews Spring 2013
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Fill out this form to subscribe to ArcNews, a quarterly print magazine for GIS users of all levels to find out about new ways to employ GIS and what's new with ArcGIS technology. It is mailed to subscribers within the United States.


Our expertise is based on many years in-depth knowledge and experience which we acquired first-hand as past HR Managers and now consultants, which we believe is second to none.
Human Resource and designing and managing Payroll are our expertise. We are currently serving as a fully-fledged HR Department including managing payroll for the Nigeria office of a Europe-based International organization. They are fully satisfied and we trust that they can attest to it.
Our service is guided by demands of the current business which is reliability, timeliness, efficiency and problem solving. Hence we design, offer advisory and deploy HR services that are meaningful and effective in those respects.
We provide a competitive alternative for your business if you are considering review of cost or have concerns about the quality or reliability of your current HR service provider.
Our technical partners, Piilo Talent offer our needed HR software technology.


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Q: Does the Facebook .NET client SDK support universal apps / apps generated via AppStudio? I created a universal app via Microsoft's AppStudio.
I tried adding Facebook authentication to the app by following the 'Scrumptious tutorial' (http://facebooksdk.net/docs/phone/tutorial/).
When I run the app on my phone, I can never get to the facebook login page, because the following line: await App.FacebookSessionClient.LoginAsync("user_about_me,read_stream");
always results in the following exception:
    System.NotImplementedException: Not implemented
       at Windows.Security.Authentication.Web.WebAuthenticationBroker.AuthenticateAsync(WebAuthenticationOptions options, Uri requestUri, Uri callbackUri)
       at Facebook.Client.FacebookSessionClient.d__24.MoveNext()
The source of the exception is this call in the FacebookSessionClient.cs (facebook-client package):
var result = await WebAuthenticationBroker.AuthenticateAsync(options, startUri, endUri);
It seems that this function is not implemented for the phone. I am still wondering how it is possible that the turial, which refers to the exact same code would work.

A: It's not implemented for 8.1 yet. If you want to use Facebook authentication in 8.1 you can use the following approach:
In your App class:
private const string RedirectUrl = "https://www.facebook.com/connect/login_success.html";
private static readonly IReadOnlyCollection<string> Permissions = new[] { "email", "offline_access" };

protected override void OnActivated(IActivatedEventArgs args)
{
    base.OnActivated(args);
    var continuationActivatedEventArgs = args as IContinuationActivatedEventArgs;
    if (continuationActivatedEventArgs == null)
        return;
    var webAuthenticationResult = ((WebAuthenticationBrokerContinuationEventArgs)continuationActivatedEventArgs).WebAuthenticationResult;
    if (webAuthenticationResult.ResponseStatus == WebAuthenticationStatus.Success)
    {
        var facebookClient = new FacebookClient();
        var result = facebookClient.ParseOAuthCallbackUrl(new Uri(webAuthenticationResult.ResponseData));
        if (!result.IsSuccess)
        {
            // Process unsuccessful authentication
        }
        else
        {
            // Process successful authentication
            var accessToken = result.AccessToken;
        }
    }
}

// Authentication method, this method should be invoked when you click Facebook authentication button
public void AuthenticateAndContinue()
{
    var loginUrl = GetLoginUrl();
    WebAuthenticationBroker.AuthenticateAndContinue(loginUrl, new Uri(RedirectUrl));
}

private Uri GetLoginUrl()
{
    var parameters = new Dictionary<string, object>();
    parameters["client_id"] = "YourFacebookApplicationId";
    parameters["redirect_uri"] = RedirectUrl;
    parameters["response_type"] = "token";
    parameters["display"] = "touch";
    parameters["mobile"] = true;
    parameters["scope"] = String.Join(",", Permissions);

    var facebookClient = new FacebookClient();

    return facebookClient.GetLoginUrl(parameters);
}

I put everything in one place just for example purposes, it's better to separate fb authentication logic.
You can find this approach here MSDN Windows Phone 8.1 Web Authentication samples

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Sealed bids will be received by the Facilities Department for the Jefferson Parish School Board, 4600 River Road, Administration Annex, 1st Floor, Marrero, LA 70072, until 2:00 P.M., Tuesday, March 19, 2019 to replace window walls in A, B, C, and D wings and repaint classrooms and ceiling system at George Cox Elementary School, Project No. 2018-09. Bids will be publically opened and read aloud. No bids may be withdrawn after scheduled closing time for receipt of bids for at least thirty (30) days. The Owner has the right to reject any or all bids and to waive all informalities.
A pre-bid meeting will be held on Monday, February 25, 2019 at 9:00 a.m. at George Cox Elementary School, 2630 Belle Chasse Hwy., Gretna, LA 70056 to allow prospective bidders to review the job scope and site conditions. Sealed proposals shall be marked on the envelope cover, plainly and prominently with the following: a) bidder's name, address and telephone number b) State License Number of Contractor if the bid is in excess of $50,000.00 and c) the statement "Proposal for (project name and number)".


On A Limb, Non Food & Beverage Retail, listed under "Non Food & Beverage Retail" category, is located at 120 Central Ave Summerville SC, 29483 and can be reached by 8438737056 phone number. On A Limb has currently 0 reviews.
Browse all Non Food & Beverage Retail in Summerville SC. Discover census data for Summerville, SC.


The orchestra's 40th Anniversary Concert DVD out now! Live from Cadogan Hall. In HD, 5.1 Mix and bonus material showing a documentary about the Orchestra's history! Get it now, it's hot!
Saturday, 25.06.2011 23:25 (German time) the German TV station 3sat is going to broadcast the live show with Pasadena Roof Orchestra & The Puppini Sisters which has been captured this February.
The Orchestra's new studio CD is out now! The band's current library has been shaken again - not stirred! And here is the new cocktail: Licensed To Swing. The recipe is simple: take some superb arrangements, add a dash of hot jazz, and a slice of integrity, and then just enjoy some great music from this period.
It was 'love at first sight' as Marcella Puppini said when the Pasadena Roof Orchestra and The Puppini Sisters worked together for the first time. Two concerts in Ludwigshafen, Germany as part of BASF's cultural activities attracted about 2500 people to see this unique collaboration. Judging by the loud applause, it was an instant success. The unique performance from both artists was captured by German TV station SWR to be broadcast later.
The Pasadena Roof Orchestra wishes all fans, agents, venues, promoters, festival organizers, media partners a Happy and Prosperous New Year 2011!
Come and enjoy an evening of Christmas songs, ballads and timeless classics of the 1920s and 1930s, played with The Pasadena Roof Orchestra's inimitable style and panache!
Recently, the Pasadena Roof Orchestra had packed houses on its mini tour through Germany where they performed in Berlin-Koepenick and Trier. The "Jazz In Town"-Festival in Koepenick was celebrating its 15th Anniversary. In 15 years, believe it or not, the Pasadena Roof Orchestra has been performing there seven times. This year's appearance had a surprise for the audience as well as for the promoter. Singer Robin Merrill (orchestra member from 1979-1989) and meanwhile living in Berlin got a front seat in the audience and joined the show at the end of the 2nd half singing along together with Duncan Galloway "Puttin' On The Ritz".
Take some high mountains, a large blue lake, a picturesque town, a few stages, and a roster of international artists, mix it all together over 10 days and you have the 26th edition of the Ascona Jazz festival. The Pasadena Roof Orchestra was one ingredient last weekend, and entertained the festival crowd on two nights on two different stages. Despite some spectacular storms on the Saturday, the orchestra's performance went down very well. A real fan's enthusiasm won't be dampened by a little rain!
The Pasadena Roof Orchestra very much enjoyed its mini tour in the Spanish sun last week. Scheduled were concerts in Madrid and Barcelona. In particular the packed El Palau de la Musica Catalana, one of the finest concert halls in Europe, wowed the Orchestra's members again. Judging by the warm and long applause the orchestra received it would seem they were wowed too.
A special Anniversary Record was released by the Pasadena Roof Orchestra for the German-speaking market: A vinyl EP containing six tunes from 40 years. This record is strictly limited to 1000 units only. Each album cover has a unique serial number and makes this EP a highly collectable item!
Germany is celebrating the 20th anniversary of its unification. Nov 9th 1989 was the historic day when the Berlin wall came down and the border between East and West Germany was opened. Last week the Pasadena Roof Orchestra toured some East German cities just as it did in the late 1970s and 80s when they were one of the very few Western artists who were allowed to perform in the DDR. So great was the Orchestra's popularity that in 1988 the album "Happy Feet" was licensed to AMIGA and released in the DDR.
On Monday, Aug 24th the Pasadena Roof Orchestra again showed its talents at the band's annual cricket match. The player's skills were as usual outstanding and even better at demonishing the sandwiches and cakes at tea time, at the bar afterwards, and the evening blow in the pavilion.
On June 27th the Orchestra took its place amongst the beautifully manicured croquet lawns and cricket pitches of the Hurlingham Club in London. The Band performed at the Lawn Tennis Association Wimbledon Ball.
The orchestra's bandleader Duncan Galloway appears on Bavarian TV, BR alpha, Monday June 29th at 20:15 and Tuesday June 30th, 13:00.
After only two years, the "Bietigheimer Wunderland" festival at Bietigheim-Bissingen near Stuttgart has developed its very own special magical atmosphere. The Orchestra started its festival summer with two very well-attended performances at the "Wunderland" under starry skies. Over two days, more than 20.000 people experienced various shows, acts and bands, spread over six stages throughout the historic centre of Bietigheim.
HOW CONVENIENT CAN A GIG BE?
May 14th the Pasadena Roof Orchestra had possibly the distance of a well struck 8- Iron to travel after arriving in Hamburg. The concert was held at Terminal Tango, Hamburg Airport's old departure terminal which functions as event location now. But not only the venue, also the hotel was in walking distance.
Waiting feverishly, the orchestra prepares itself for a hot summer with engagements at venues around Europe - open air concerts, jazz festivals as well as 'Moonlight Serenades' on (hopefully) warm summer nights will form the orchestra's schedule. Isn't it romantic? - as one of the band's first albums were named - hearing all those melodic tunes under 'Blue Skies'.
Yes, he did it again!
Pasadena Roof Orchestra's Founder John Arthy was back on stage performing a few numbers with the orchestra's current line-up on a one week tour through Bavaria and Austria.
Timeless music at an timeless venue. The Pasadena Roof Orchestra enjoyed a concert in Barcelona's special theatre - El Palau de la Musica Catalana.
WELCOME TO OUR NEWLY RELAUNCHED WEBSITE!
The Pasadena Roof Orchestra plays across Europe and all over the world. Listen to authentic sounds from the swinging 20's and 30's. Come and visit our stage shows. We're looking forward to seeing you!


text:
We Are Tommies
Dr. Ann Majewicz Fey '08
Creating Small Miracles Everyday
Explore our 150+ majors and minors
Download a viewbook
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In high school, Ann Majewicz Fey '08 knew she wanted to be an engineer, although she wasn't exactly sure what a future in the profession could hold for her.
"It wasn't until I got to St. Thomas that I realized robotics could be a path for me," said Majewicz Fey. She's now an associate professor at the University of Texas at Austin, where she teaches mechanical engineering and conducts surgical robotics research.
"In my lab, we hope to improve human health by designing novel surgical robotic systems that are easier and more intuitive to use," Majewicz Fey said.
Speaking to the next generation of young women with dreams of becoming an engineer, Majewicz Fey said: "My advice to girls would be not to lose sight of what you're passionate about. Even if you are one of two girls in a classroom, or at your first job – that's OK – it doesn't matter. The only things that matter are that you are willing to work hard toward your ultimate goal."
Learn more about Undergraduate and Graduate programs at the St. Thomas School of Engineering.


As a follow-up to Part 1 of this article, FundFive offers the following insight for creating a baseline and addressing the data concerns in the college alumni office.
Create a Facebook Fan Page for the alumni office. Hang this page off the main university Fan Page if one exists. Be sure that navigation is intentional (cross reference the university athletics website, the admissions office, the main university website, etc.) and that others are aware that you are interested in helping drive traffic to their websites. Ask for each area to add links back to your new Fan Page. Also request that they promote on occasion your presence as a partner page.
Place an individual in the alumni office in charge of collecting the information that each member freely shares on their profile pages. Put together a spreadsheet with basic demographic columns (first name, last name, city, state, job title, industry, married status, number of children), and then set goals for collection. For example, if the college graduated 1,000 students between 1990 and 1992, make it a priority to obtain information on at least 40-50% of the graduates.
Form a data standards committee and agree on the types of data being collected, and define a process for sharing. Map out a work flow for collection and identify a central data storage and owner.
Define a communications strategy for marketing to your audience. Be sure that the timings of mailings, emails, etc. are consistent and do not overlap. Also be sure that messages are personalized. Do not ask for information without first checking that the data doesn't exist elsewhere on campus, and do not collect information without sharing it back to the other offices across the business.
Have other suggestions that you'd like to share? We'd love to hear how you are approaching this need at your institution. Please comment below or contact FundFive for other suggestions on how to address these types of concerns on your campus.


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