text:
WELCOME TO DONGMAKGOL (2005)
Bae Jong
Drama-Comedy
Hilarious and bizarre yet tense and meaningful, soldiers from the North and South stumble into a secluded village during the Korean war
Cinema has a patchy record of translating stage shows into successful films, but when Jang Jin's long-running play made the big screen it surpassed expectations, becoming one of Korea's biggest ever grossing films.
Having Jang Jin as a producer would not have hurt while Park Kwang-hyun's debut feature seemed to bring in a new directorial dawn, but it would be over a decade before he returned with The Fist (2016).
Welcome to Dongmakgol relies on many of the ingredients which sets Korean cinema apart. Firstly, it is a uniquely Korean story, playing on both the historical event of the Korean War and the tensions between the two nations, one that is often built on propaganda-fueled suspicions.
Secondly, and perhaps most familiarly, is that ability to fuse comedy with drama, to blend laughs with tension. This is all achieved by bringing together these opposing bands of soldiers in a village of naive and loveable characters.
Further to this, there is a US Navy pilot, Neil Smith (Steve Taschler), who first crashes his plane in a mountainous expanse of Korea and is found by the villagers of Dongmakgol – a remote outpost full of inhabitants cut off from the contemporary world and unaware of the conflict which rages in the country.
Meanwhile, a North Korean platoon is ambushed by a South Korean unit, leaving the Northern unit decimated, with just a few survivors making it to a mountain passage.
The North Korean soldiers – Rhee Soo-hwa (Jung Jae-young), Jang Young-hee (Im Ha-ryong) and Seo Taek-gi (Ryu Deok-hwan) are found by the day-dreaming Yeo-il (Kang Hye-jung) from Dongmakgol, as two South Korean soldiers are also led to the village.
When the opposing soldiers meet in the village, it creates a Mexican stand-off and one of the most tense and amusing scenes in Korean cinema history. The villagers themselves can only look on in bemusement.
Despite their indoctrinated hatred of each other, the soldiers must learn to work together, while the affable and kind villagers grow on both side. Among the horrors of war, both sides have found an isolated haven removed from the conflicts of the more developed world.
The real genius of the film is that it manages to juggle the various tones and themes so well – to be funny and quirky yet convey serious anti-war messages and unpack the issues of Korean unification. And to show the kindness of the villagers of Dongmakgol in a non-patronising manner.
The film maintains some of the undertones of the stage version and it has a sentimentality which it proudly displays throughout. Cinema has churned out anti-war films over the years, yet Welcome to Dongmakgol has the emotional pull to feel fresh, important and impactful.
Altogether, we are served a visually stunning outing, propped up with a superb cast, and an ending that will lead the most weathered war film fan to claim something got in their eye.


China has hailed Afghanistan's role important for regional security.
In a meeting with President Mohammad Ashraf Ghani in Presidential Palace on Monday, China's Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan Deng Xijun said that his country will jointly work with Afghanistan for eliminating terrorism.
"Afghanistan is an important partner of China and to that end we work jointly with Afghanistan to eliminate terrorism in the region and ensure lasting peace and economic development in the country," he said.
President Ghani told Chinese representative that peace in Afghanistan has two dimensions, first peace with Pakistan and second peace with the Taliban.
He said that the government of Pakistan should take action against the terrorist groups that declare war against the people of Afghanistan and by doing that show their cooperation and sincerity in fighting terrorism and ensuring lasting peace in Afghanistan.
President called terrorism a shared threat for Afghanistan, Pakistan and the region and urged joint and sincere commitment to fight this ominous phenomenon in order to eliminate it.
The President said that dignified and lasting peace is the basic need of Afghanistan.


text:
\section{Introduction}

During the period of 1999-2002, experimental data on
hadron production in Pb+Pb collisions at $p_{\rm lab}=$20$A$, 30$A$, 40$A$, 80$A$, and 158$A$~GeV/c   were recorded by the NA49 Collaboration at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) of the European Organization for Nuclear
Research (CERN) \cite{NA49-1,NA49-3,NA49-2}.
These results  are consistent with the onset of
deconfinement in central Pb+Pb collisions at about 30$A$~GeV/c \cite{GaGo}.
A further progress in understanding the effects related to the onset of
deconfinement can be achieved by a new comprehensive study of hadron production
in proton-proton, proton-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions.
This  motivated the present NA61/SHINE ion programme at the SPS CERN devoted to
the system size and energy scan~\cite{Ga:2009,NA61facility}.
In parallel to the NA61/SHINE programme the Beam
Energy Scan (BES) Programme at the BNL RHIC was proposed~\cite{RHIC}.
Both programmes
were motivated by the NA49 results on the onset
of deconfinement and the possibility to observe the critical
point  of strongly interacting matter.
These efforts will be extended by the future
Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at
the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR)~\cite{CBMPhysicsBook}.
It employs high  intensity beams and large acceptance detectors,
and will make it possible to measure rare probes~--
multi-strange hyperons and open charmed  mesons -- in proton-proton, proton-nucleus,
and nucleus-nucleus collisions.
The CBM experiment~\cite{cbm}
is expected to start
data taking with the beams up to 11$A$~GeV from
SIS100 in 2018.
A considered addition of SIS300 would  increase the energy range to 35$A$~GeV
after 2025.

Recently, the NA61/SHINE Collaboration published data \cite{NA61pp}
on spectra of negatively charged pions  produced in inelastic proton-proton (p+p)
interactions at $p_{\rm lab}=$~20, 31, 40, 80, and 158~GeV/c.
This is the first experimental step of the system-size scan of NA61/SHINE.
Data on $^7$Be+$^9$Be collisions are already recorded, collisions of Ar+Ca and Xe+La
are planned to be registered in 2015 and 2017, respectively.

In the present study the spectra of negatively charged pions in inelastic p+p collisions
are considered, and a comparison with the corresponding data on central Pb+Pb
collisions is performed.
We analyze changes between p+p and Pb+Pb collisions with regards
to different hadron observables found in experimental data and
compare them to those predicted by
theoretical modeling, which
is based on the ultra-relativistic quantum
molecular dynamics (UrQMD-3.3p2) model~\cite{UrQMD1998,UrQMD1999}.
In the present analysis we use the cascade version of UrQMD without  an
intermediate hydro stage.
The energy dependence of main characteristics of pion spectra are
investigated.
It is shown that a proper treatment of isospin effects is important for
comparison of pion production data in proton-proton and nucleus-nucleus
collisions.

The paper is organized as follows.
In Sec.~\ref{iso-spin} pion multiplicities per participant nucleon are
considered.
The isospin effects are also discussed. In Sec.~{\ref{sec-loss} the UrQMD model
is used to calculate
energy loss of colliding nucleons in inelastic
p+p and central nucleus-nucleus collisions.
In Sec. \ref{sec-spec} spectra of $\pi^-$ mesons produced in inelastic p+p and
central Pb+Pb collisions are compared and analyzed with the UrQMD
model.
A summary in Sec.~\ref{sum} closes the article.

\section{Pion Multiplicities and Isospin Effects}
\label{iso-spin}

Mean multiplicity of pions per participant nucleon as well as
properly normalized pion spectra are quite similar in inelastic
proton-proton and nucleus-nucleus collisions at the same collision energy per nucleon  in the SPS energy range.
Therefore, one needs comprehensive  data at the same collision energies per
nucleon to make a systematic comparison of the pion spectra in p+p and
nucleus-nucleus collisions and reveal the physical differences between
them.
The recent NA61/SHINE data on p+p interactions \cite{NA61pp} and the data of NA49 on Pb+Pb
collisions \cite{NA49-1,NA49-3,NA49-2} will be used in the present analysis.

Similar behavior of the pion spectra in proton-proton and nucleus-nucleus
collisions explains also a particular vitality of the wounded
nucleon model (WNM) \cite{WNM} which treats the final state in nucleus-nucleus
collision as the result of independent
particle production from wounded (participant) nucleons.
Meanwhile,
the WNM model failed to explain the production of
strange hadrons and anti-baryons: for these secondary particles a strong
difference is observed between proton-proton and nucleus-nucleus collisions.

The UrQMD model will be used for our analysis with event statistics of about
$2\cdot 10^6$ inelastic p+p reactions and $5\cdot 10^4$ central Pb+Pb collisions.
For Pb+Pb collisions the experimental centrality selection is $7.2\%$
at $p_{\rm lab}=$20$A$, 30$A$, 40$A$, 80$A$~GeV/c and $5\%$ at $p_{\rm lab}=158A$~GeV/c.
In the UrQMD simulations these samplings correspond
to the restrictions on the impact parameter $b<4$~fm and $b<3.4$~fm, respectively.
In fixed target experiments, the centrality selection is made using
the number of projectile spectators measured by  a zero degree calorimeter.
However,
for the first moments, such as the mean number of some particle species,
any centrality criteria
appears to be equivalent to the geometrical one treated with a help of
the impact parameter $b$ \cite{BF}.
This is not valid for the studies of event-by-event fluctuations (see, e.g.,
Ref.~\cite{fluc}).

The experimental results for mean number of negatively charged pions
$\langle \pi^-\rangle$ divided by average number of participant nucleons
$\langle N_p\rangle$ (equal to two for p+p collisions)
are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:NoverNp}.
In this figure the energy measure
$F = \left(\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}-2m_N\right)^{3/4}/\left(\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}\right)^{1/4}$ is used,
where $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$ is the center of mass energy of the nucleon pair and
$m_N$ is the nucleon mass. The laboratory energy
per nucleon is equal to $E_{\rm lab}/{\rm A}=(s_{NN}-2m_N^2)/2m_N$.
From Fig.~\ref{fig:NoverNp} it is seen that the quantity
$\langle \pi^-\rangle/\langle N_p\rangle$ in central Pb+Pb
collisions is larger than in inelastic p+p collisions at all SPS energies.
The lines correspond to the UrQMD results.
The UrQMD result for inelastic p+p interactions shows a good agreement with the
data
for the top SPS energies
(80 and 158~GeV) but underestimates the experimental values of
$\langle \pi^-\rangle/\langle N_p\rangle$
at the lower ones.
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{minipage}{.65\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig1.eps}
\end{minipage}
\caption{(Color online) Energy dependence of mean $\pi^-$ multiplicity divided by
the average number of
participant nucleons. The data of NA49 on central
Pb+Pb collisions and NA61/SHINE on inelastic p+p interactions are depicted by symbols.
The lines correspond to the
UrQMD predictions for inelastic p+p (dashed),
central Pb+Pb (solid),
and inelastic N+N (dashed-dotted)
collisions.
}
\label{fig:NoverNp}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\begin{minipage}{.48\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig2a.eps}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{.48\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig2b.eps}
\end{minipage}
\caption{(Color online) Collision energy dependence of mean multiplicity of (a) $\pi^-$ and
(b) $\pi^+$ mesons in inelastic p+p, p+n and n+n interactions at SPS energies calculated
in the UrQMD model.}
\label{fig:multinelNN}
\end{figure}

To make an accurate comparison of mean pion multiplicities and some other
quantities in proton-proton and nucleus-nucleus collisions, one needs to take
into account the isospin effects.
In nucleus-nucleus reaction, different types of nucleon-nucleon (NN) collisions
take place:  p+p, p+n, and n+n.
The $\pi^-$ and $\pi^+$ multiplicities in inelastic p+p, p+n, and n+n collisions
calculated at the SPS energies within the UrQMD model are presented  in
Fig.~\ref{fig:multinelNN}.
The differences between the $\pi^-$ or $\pi^+$ multiplicities in different
types of N+N collisions are approximately constant.
Thus, the largest relative isospin effects are evidently expected at smallest
energies where the absolute values of the pion multiplicities are small.

Let us consider A+A collision as a set of  p+p,
proton-neutron (p+n),
and neutron-neutron (n+n) reactions.  Their partial contributions
to hadron production in A+A collision will
depend on the atomic number $A$ and electric charge $Z$
of colliding nuclei.
Hadron multiplicities in  N+N reaction will be defined as an
appropriate average over all possible p+p, p+n, and n+n collisions taking place
in A+A reaction, e.g., for $\pi^i$ multiplicity ($i=+,-,0$) one
obtains:
\begin{equation}\label{NN}
\langle \pi^i_{NN} \rangle~ = ~\alpha_{pp} \ \langle \pi^i_{pp} \rangle
~+~ \alpha_{pn} \ \langle \pi^i_{pn} \rangle ~ +~ \alpha_{nn} \
\langle \pi^i_{nn} \rangle\,,
\end{equation}
where $\alpha_{pp}=Z^2/A^2$, $\alpha_{pn}=2(A-Z)Z/A^2$, and
$\alpha_{nn}=(A-Z)^2/A^2$ are the combinatoric probabilities
of p+p, p+n, and n+n collisions, respectively.
For light and intermediate nuclei, $Z\cong 0.5 A$, whereas
for heavy ones, $Z\cong 0.4 A$. Therefore, $\alpha_{pp}\cong 0.16$,
$\alpha_{pn}\cong 0.48$, and
$\alpha_{nn}\cong 0.36$ for Pb+Pb collisions, and $\alpha_{pp}\cong \alpha_{nn}\cong 0.25$ and
$\alpha_{nn}\cong 0.5$ in collisions of light and intermediate nuclei. It is clear
that relative importance of n+n reactions in A+A collisions increases with atomic number.
To avoid a misunderstanding let us stress again that the notion of N+N reaction in Eq.~(\ref{NN})
leads to different N+N results for different colliding nuclei.

The behavior of $\langle \pi^-_{NN} \rangle/2$,
which is a mean multiplicity of $\pi^-$ mesons per participant nucleon in a fictitious N+N collision,
calculated in UrQMD
with Eq.~(\ref{NN})
is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:NoverNp} by the dashed-dotted line.
From this figure, one concludes that
an essential part of the difference in $\langle \pi^-\rangle/\langle N_p\rangle$
for p+p and Pb+Pb collisions comes from the isospin effects.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{minipage}{.48\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig3a.eps}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{.48\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig3b.eps}
\end{minipage}
\caption{(Color online) (a) The same as in Fig.~\ref{fig:NoverNp} but
for mean multiplicity of all pions.
(b) The difference of the mean pion multiplicity per nucleon
participant in central Pb+Pb and inelastic p+p collisions.
The full symbols correspond to the data of  NA49 and NA61/SHINE collaborations.
The open symbols  connected by solid line show the UrQMD results.  }
\label{fig:Npi}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
The results of UrQMD calculations for
mean multiplicity of all pions divided by the mean number
of participant nucleons are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:Npi}a.
These results are compared to experimental data from Ref.~\cite{NA61pp}.
The mean multiplicity of all pions
is calculated in UrQMD directly as $\langle \pi \rangle =
\langle \pi^+ \rangle + \langle \pi^0 \rangle + \langle \pi^- \rangle$.
The experimental estimate of the mean pion multiplicity
is calculated in accordance with the formula
\begin{equation}
\langle \pi\rangle ~=~\frac 32 \ \Big(\langle \pi^+
\rangle~+~\langle \pi^-\rangle\Big)~.
\label{pi}
\end{equation}
It assumes $\langle \pi^0\rangle =0.5 \,(\langle \pi^+\rangle +\langle \pi^-\rangle)$ for
the mean multiplicity of neutral pions. Both $\langle \pi^+\rangle$ and $\langle \pi^-\rangle$
were measured in Pb+Pb central collisions. However, no systematic data for $\langle \pi^+\rangle$
in p+p reactions are now available. Thus, to construct experimental estimate of $\langle \pi\rangle$
in p+p reactions,  Eq.~(\ref{pi})
has been supplemented in Ref.~\cite{NA61pp} by an approximate relation
$\langle \pi^+\rangle\cong \langle \pi^-\rangle +2/3$ \cite{golokh}. This relation appears
to be also approximately valid for the UrQMD results. However, we do not need it in our
UrQMD modeling.
The UrQMD results
for $\langle \pi^+\rangle $, $\langle \pi^0 \rangle$, $\langle \pi^-\rangle$ in p+p, p+n, and n+n reactions
are used to construct $\langle \pi\rangle$
in p+p and N+N collisions. Both UrQMD values for the mean pion multiplicity  -- in p+p
and N+N reactions -- are shown in Fig~\ref{fig:Npi}.

The mean pion multiplicity per participant nucleon is larger in inelastic p+p
interactions than that in central Pb+Pb collisions at small SPS energies.
A possible explanation of the pion suppression in A+A collisions
at small energies were discussed in Ref.~\cite{GGM}, where the system
of pions, nucleons, and deltas  were considered. When the system created
in A+A collisions evolves towards chemical equilibrium, the initial surplus
of deltas created at the early stage of A+A reaction in p+p, n+n, and n+n collisions
has to be reduced. The microscopic process responsible for the $\Delta$ absorption
is $\Delta+N\rightarrow N+N$ and is included in UrQMD. This causes the suppression of the final state pions.

The difference between the $\langle \pi\rangle/\langle N_p\rangle$
data values in Pb+Pb and p+p collisions increases with collision energy and
changes sign (becomes positive) at about $E_{lab}\approx 40A$~GeV
as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:Npi}b.
This {\it kink}   in the difference of pion multiplicities per participant nucleon
in Pb+Pb and p+p collisions
was predicted by the Statistical Model of the Early
Stage \cite{GaGo} as the consequence of the onset of deconfinement.
As seen from Fig.~\ref{fig:Npi} the UrQMD results also show this type of behavior.
However, the difference
changes sign at significantly lower energy of about $E_{lab}\approx 10A$~GeV instead of $40A$~GeV.

\section{Energy Loss of Colliding Nucleons}
\label{sec-loss}

We introduce the quantity $K_{\rm loss}$ which shows a fraction of the initial  kinetic
energy lost by each nucleon  from the colliding systems to create new secondary
particles.
In the center of mass system of colliding protons or nucleus this energy loss
is defined as
\begin{equation}
K_{\rm loss} ~=~ \frac{\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}\,/2-(\langle E_{B}\rangle ~-~\langle E_{\overline{B}} \rangle)/\langle N_p\rangle}{\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}\,/2-m_N}
\label{eq:Kloss}
\end{equation}
where $\langle E_{B}\rangle$ and  $\langle E_{\overline{B}}\rangle $ are the
average values of the energies of baryons and anti-baryons, respectively,
in the final state (the nucleon spectators in nucleus-nucleus
collisions are excluded) and $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}\, /2$ is the center of mass
energy of a nucleon in the colliding nuclei.

The momentum spectra of baryons and anti-baryons were not yet presented in p+p
collisions by NA61. Therefore, one can only rely
on the model estimates.
The quantity $K_{\rm loss}$ calculated within the UrQMD simulations for inelastic p+p and central Pb+Pb collisions is shown
in Fig.~\ref{fig:Kloss}a.
It is seen that, for Pb+Pb collisions, $K_{\rm loss}$
increases with collision energy. This is consistent
with data of NA49 on
inelasticity $K$~\cite{StrobeleNA49}, which is a very closely related quantity and is depicted by triangular symbols in Fig.~\ref{fig:Kloss}a.
The UrQMD results demonstrate that at  $E_{\rm lab}\geq20$A~GeV the
following inequality holds
\begin{equation}
K_{\rm loss}({\rm p+p})~ <~ K_{\rm loss}({\rm Pb+Pb})~,
\label{loss}
\end{equation}
i.e., each nucleon in Pb+Pb collisions transforms more initial kinetic
energy to the production of new particles than that in p+p inelastic
collisions  at the same initial energy per participant nucleon,
$\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}\, /2$.
As seen from Fig.~\ref{fig:Npi}, the relation (\ref{loss}) is correlated with
the inequality for the total pion multiplicity per participant nucleon
\begin{equation}
\left(\frac{\langle \pi\rangle}{\langle N_p\rangle} \right)_{p+p}~<~
\left(\frac{\langle \pi\rangle}{\langle N_p\rangle} \right)_{Pb+Pb}~.
\label{NpiNp}
\end{equation}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{minipage}{.49\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig4a.eps}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{.49\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig4b.eps}
\end{minipage}
\caption{(Color online) The UrQMD results for the quantity $K_{\rm loss}$ (\ref{eq:Kloss}).
(a) The energy dependence in inelastic p+p (the dashed line)
and Pb+Pb (the solid line) collisions.
Triangular symbols depict the Pb+Pb data and a circle corresponds
to the p+p data presented by the NA49 collaboration in Ref.~\cite{StrobeleNA49}
for the inelasticity. (b) The A-dependence
for most central (impact parameter $b=0$) nucleus-nucleus collisions at fixed collision energy of 158$A$~GeV.}
\label{fig:Kloss}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

To study the dependence of energy loss (\ref{eq:Kloss}) on the system size we
calculate its UrQMD values in central (impact parameter $b=0$) nucleus-nucleus
collisions at different mass number A of the colliding nuclei: S+S (A=32)
and In+In (A=113) collisions at $p_{\rm lab}=158A$~GeV/c.
Results of the calculations shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:Kloss}b
correspond to monotonous increase of $K_{\rm loss}$  with the mass number
of colliding nuclei at high SPS energies.
This increase of $K_{\rm loss}$ can be attributed to an increased number of participant nucleons:
a probability for secondary inelastic collisions (and thus for the
additional energy loss) of participant nucleons evidently
increases with $N_p$.

On the other hand, Figs.~\ref{fig:Kloss} and \ref{fig:Npi} show that at small
collision energies $E_{\rm lab}\le 10$~GeV the inequalities (\ref{loss}) and
(\ref{NpiNp}) found from the UrQMD simulations are changed to opposite ones:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{loss-small}
& K_{\rm loss}(p+p)~>~ K_{\rm loss}(Pb+Pb)~,
\\
& \left(\frac{\displaystyle \langle \pi\rangle}{\displaystyle \langle N_p\rangle} \right)_{p+p}~>~
\left(\frac{\displaystyle \langle \pi\rangle}{\displaystyle \langle N_p\rangle} \right)_{Pb+Pb}~.
\label{NpiNp1}
\end{eqnarray}
This happens because of the  fusion reactions
$\text{meson}+\text{baryon}\to \text{baryon}$  in dense baryon
system created in nucleus-nucleus collisions.
As seen from Fig.~\ref{fig:Npi}, the change of (\ref{NpiNp1}) to (\ref{NpiNp})
is indeed observed from the p+p and Pb+Pb
data, but at essentially larger collision energy $E_{\rm lab}\ge 40$A~GeV.

\section{Pion Spectra }
\label{sec-spec}

\subsection{Rapidity Spectra}
\label{rap}
The rapidity spectra $dN/dy$ of $\pi^-$ in inelastic p+p collisions \cite{NA61pp}
and central Pb+Pb collisions \cite{NA49-1,NA49-2} are presented
in Fig.~\ref{fig:dndycompare} for different collision energies.
The lines in this figure correspond to the results of the UrQMD simulations.
One can see that UrQMD underestimates the total yield of $\pi^-$ in p+p at all
energies except for the highest one,  $p_{\rm lab} = 158A$~GeV/c.
The deviations are bigger at the mid-rapidity.
This fact  was also noted in Ref.~\cite{Uzhinsky1}.
Our results for central Pb+Pb collisions are consistent with those published
earlier within the UrQMD-2.3 version~\cite{UrQMD2009NA49}.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{minipage}{.49\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig5a.eps}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{.49\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig5b.eps}
\end{minipage}
\caption{(Color online) The rapidity distributions of $\pi^-$
in (a) inelastic p+p and (b) central Pb+Pb collisions. The symbols with error bars
correspond to the experimental data of NA61/SHINE and NA49 collaborations.
The solid lines show the results of the UrQMD calculations. }
\label{fig:dndycompare}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

As seen from Fig.~\ref{fig:dndycompare}b the UrQMD description
of the pion production appears to work much better in central Pb+Pb collisions.
This fact looks rather suspicious as the proton-proton results are the input
for the UrQMD cascade version description of nucleus-nucleus collisions. It means that
introducing the changes in a theoretical description of the p+p
results to achieve an agreement with the NA61/SHINE data \cite{NA61pp},
one will definitely  need to make
simultaneously additional changes to preserve the UrQMD agreement with the
nucleus-nucleus data.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{minipage}{.6\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig6.eps}
\end{minipage}
\caption{(Color online) The energy dependence of the
rapidity width $\sigma$ for the $\pi^-$ spectra in inelastic p+p
and  central Pb+Pb collisions. The data of NA49 and NA61/SHINE
collaborations are depicted by symbols while the lines correspond to the UrQMD
calculations. }
\label{fig:RapidityWidthPi}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

The width of the rapidity distribution $dN/dy$ is an important feature
of the production process.
The width of the rapidity distribution
is defined as
\eq{\label{sigma1}
\sigma~ \equiv~ \sqrt{\langle y^2 \rangle~ -~ \langle y \rangle^2}~,
}
where ($k=1,2$)
\begin{equation}
\langle y^k \rangle~ = ~\frac{\int dy \, y^k \, (dN/dy)}{\int dy \, (dN/dy)}~.
\end{equation}
In the center of mass system, $\langle y \rangle = 0$ in a case of
the p+p collisions or collisions of identical nuclei.
The dependence of the
rapidity width $\sigma$ of the $\pi^-$ distribution $dN/dy$ on the collision energy
in inelastic  p+p and central Pb+Pb collisions is shown
in Fig.~\ref{fig:RapidityWidthPi}. One observes that
\eq{\label{sigma2}
\sigma({\rm Pb+Pb})~>~ \sigma({\rm p+p})~
}
for the whole SPS energy range. The UrQMD results are in a qualitative agreement
with experimental relation (\ref{sigma2}). However, the UrQMD values of $\sigma({\rm p+p})$
overestimate the experimental ones at the low SPS energies.
This is because of a deficiency
of pions in the mid-rapidity region in the UrQMD results seen in  Fig.~\ref{fig:dndycompare}a.

Note that the collision energy dependence of the rapidity distribution width
for different hadron species in Au+Au collisions was recently
studied within the UrQMD approach in Ref.~\cite{Dey2014}.

\subsection{Transverse Mass Distributions}
In Fig.~\ref{fig:transversecompare} the transverse mass distributions of
$\pi^-$ mesons are shown for inelastic p+p ({\it left}) and central Pb+Pb ({\it right})
collisions.
The symbols with error bars correspond to the experimental data of NA61/SHINE
\cite{NA61pp} and NA49 \cite{NA49-1,NA49-2} collaborations.
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{minipage}{.49\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig7a.eps}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{.49\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig7b.eps}
\end{minipage}
\caption{(Color online) The transverse mass distributions of $\pi^-$
in (a) inelastic p+p and (b) central Pb+Pb collisions.
The solid lines correspond to the UrQMD calculations while the symbols with error bars
correspond to the experimental data of NA61/SHINE and NA49 collaborations.
The dotted lines correspond to the exponential fit (\ref{eq:dndmt}) of the UrQMD data
in the transverse mass interval $0.2<m_T-m_\pi<0.7$~GeV/c$^2$.}
\label{fig:transversecompare}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
The data correspond to the mid-rapidity spectra with $0<y<0.2$.
The solid lines correspond to the UrQMD calculations.
In the transverse mass region $0.2<m_T-m_\pi<0.7$~GeV/c$^2$,
the spectra for the both p+p and Pb+Pb reactions, and at all collision energies,
can be nicely fitted by a simple exponential function
\begin{equation}
\frac{dN}{m_Td m_T} ~=~ A\,\exp\left(-~\frac{m_T}{T}\right)~,
\label{eq:dndmt}
\end{equation}
where $A$ and $T$ are the fitting parameters, $m_T\equiv \sqrt{p_T^2+m_\pi^2}$
is the transverse mass with $p_T$ being the pion transverse momentum and
$m_\pi$ the pion mass.
The dependence of the inverse slope parameter $T$ of the $\pi^-$ transverse mass
spectra on the collision energy in p+p and Pb+Pb collisions is depicted
in Fig.~\ref{fig:TPi}a.
From this figures one observes that
\begin{equation}
T({\rm p+p})~<~ T({\rm Pb+Pb})~,
\label{T}
\end{equation}
for the whole SPS energy range.
The UrQMD results are in a qualitative agreement with experimental relation (\ref{T}).
However, UrQMD  overestimates systematically the experimental
values of the inverse slope $T$ in p+p collisions at all SPS energies.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{minipage}{.49\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig8a.eps}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{.49\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig8b.eps}
\end{minipage}
\caption{(Color online) The energy dependence of (a) the inverse slope
parameter $T$ and (b) the mean transverse mass $\langle m_T\rangle$
of the $m_T$-spectra of $\pi^-$
at the mid-rapidity in inelastic p+p
and central Pb+Pb collisions. The lines correspond to the UrQMD
calculations while the experimental data of NA49 and NA61/SHINE
collaborations are depicted by the symbols with error bars.}
\label{fig:TPi}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{minipage}{.65\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig9.eps}
\end{minipage}
\caption{(Color online) Hadron mass dependence of the inverse slope
parameter at mid-rapidity in inelastic p+p
and central Pb+Pb collisions at $p_{\rm lab}=158A$~GeV/c.
The open symbols correspond to the UrQMD
calculations while the data of NA49 \cite{NA49-1,NA49-3,NA49-2}
and preliminary results of NA61/SHINE \cite{NA61-T}
collaborations are depicted by the full symbols.}
\label{fig:TvsM}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
The inverse slope parameter of the $m_T$-spectra is dependent on the hadron mass.
For inelastic p+p and central Pb+Pb collisions at $p_{\rm lab}=158A$~GeV/c this dependence
is presented in Fig.~\ref{fig:TvsM}.
The NA49 data \cite{NA49-1,NA49-3,NA49-2} correspond to the $m_T$-spectra of $\pi^-$, $K^-$, and p
at the mid-rapidity:
$0<y<0.2$ for $\pi^-$,
$-0.1<y<0.1$ for $K^-$, and $-0.5<y<-0.1$ for $p$.
In central Pb+Pb collisions, one observes the following inequalities of the inverse slopes:
\begin{equation}
T_\pi~<~T_K~<~T_{\rm p}~,
\label{T1}
\end{equation}
i.e.,  rather strong  increase of the $T$ parameter with particle mass.
In the language of hydrodynamics this increase reflects  a presence
of the transverse collective flow in nucleus-nucleus collisions: at the same transverse
velocity of the hadronic fluid the particle with larger mass possesses  the larger transverse
momenta.

The preliminary results of NA61/SHINE \cite{NA61-T} correspond to
very different behavior
in inelastic p+p collisions:
\begin{equation}
T_\pi~\cong~T_K~\cong~T_{\rm p}~.
\label{T2}
\end{equation}
Instead of a strong increase of $T$ with hadron mass in Pb+Pb collisions,
the value of $T$  is approximately  constant for $\pi^-$, $K^-$, and p
in p+p collisions.

Next, we investigate a behavior of the mean transverse mass.
In Fig.~\ref{fig:TPi}b the mean transverse mass of $\pi^-$
at the mid-rapidity is shown as the
function of collision energy in p+p and Pb+Pb collisions.
Similar to Eq.~(\ref{NN}) one obtains for the mean transverse mass $\langle m_T\rangle$
of $\pi^-$ or $\pi^+$ in nucleon-nucleon collisions:
\begin{equation}
\langle m_T^{NN} \rangle~
= ~\alpha_{pp} \, \langle m_T^{pp} \rangle
~+~ \alpha_{pn} \, \langle m_T^{pn} \rangle
~ +~ \alpha_{nn} \, \langle m_T^{nn} \rangle\,,
\label{NNmT}
\end{equation}
In Fig.~\ref{fig:AvMtinelNN} the UrQMD results are presented for the mean
transverse mass $\langle m_T\rangle$ of $\pi^-$ ({\it left}) and
$\pi^+$ ({\it right}) at mid-rapidity ($0<y<0.2$) in inelastic p+p, p+n, and n+n collisions.
One observes a prominent decrease of $\langle m_T\rangle$ for $\pi^-$ in n+n
collisions in the range of laboratory energy between 20 and 40~GeV, and a
similar effect for $\pi^+$ in p+p collisions.
These effects are really important for any analysis of the data in both p+p and
A+A collisions.
\begin{figure}
\begin{minipage}{.48\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig10a.eps}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{.48\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig10b.eps}
\end{minipage}
\caption{(Color online) The points are the UrQMD results for
the mean transverse mass $\langle m_T\rangle$
of (a) $\pi^-$ and
(b) $\pi^+$ at mid-rapidity ($0<y<0.2$) in inelastic p+p, p+n and n+n.
The UrQMD data are depicted by the symbols, and the lines are drawn to guide the eye. }
\label{fig:AvMtinelNN}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\begin{minipage}{.48\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig11a.eps}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{.48\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig11b.eps}
\end{minipage}
\caption{(Color online) The UrQMD results for the $\pi^+$ production at the mid-rapidity
($0<y<0.2$) in inelastic p+p collisions. The contributions from the two sources of  $\pi^+$
production are shown:
1) the baryonic resonances produced according to Eq.~(\ref{pppi}) (the dotted lines);
2) the string produced according to Eq.~(\ref{string}) (the dashed lines).
(a) The fractions of the $\pi^+$ multiplicity $f_B$ and $f_s$ from the two sources.
(b) The parts of the $\langle m_T\rangle$ value $f_B\, \langle m_T\rangle_B$
and $f_s\, \langle m_T\rangle_s$ from the two sources.
}
\label{fig:Delta}
\end{figure}
A physical origin of the non-monotonous  energy dependence of $\langle m_T\rangle$
for $\pi^-$ in n+n collisions and for $\pi^+$ in p+p collisions is connected to the
presence of two different sources of pion production: excitation and decay of
the baryonic resonances $N^*$ and $\Delta$, and excitation and decay of the hadronic strings.
In p+p collisions the main inelastic reactions at small energies are the following:
\begin{eqnarray}
&& p+p\rightarrow p+\Delta^+~,~~~~~p+p\rightarrow n+\Delta^{++}~,~~~~~
p+p\rightarrow \Delta^++\Delta^+~,~~~~~ p+p\rightarrow \Delta^0+\Delta^{++}~,
\nonumber \\
&& p+p\rightarrow p+N^+~,~~~~~ p+p\rightarrow N^++\Delta^+~,~~~~~p+p\rightarrow N^0+\Delta^{++}~.
\label{pppi}
\end{eqnarray}
In the UrQMD simulations, the states $N^*$ with $m=1440,\ldots, 2250$~MeV and
$\Delta$ with $m=1232,\ldots,1950$~MeV are included \cite{UrQMD1998,UrQMD1999}.
The present version of the UrQMD model includes also
the supplementary baryonic  resonances $N^*$ and $\Delta$
with artificially large masses \cite{UrQMD:2008}.
Searching for charged pions in the final state, one observes
a difference in the production of $\pi^-$ and $\pi^+$:
only $\Delta^0$ and $N^0$ may produce $\pi^-$, while other baryonic resonances,
$\Delta^+$ and $N^+$, may produce $\pi^+$,
and $\Delta^{++}$ has to produce  $\pi^+$, but they can not produce $\pi^-$.

Reactions (\ref{pppi}) give the dominant contribution to the p+p inelastic
cross section at small collision energies.
However, at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\ge 4$~GeV  the excitation of strings,
\begin{equation}
p~+~p~\rightarrow ~{\rm string}~+~ {\rm string}~,
\label{string}
\end{equation}
opens the new channels of pion production. At $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\ge (6\div 8)$~GeV
the string production dominates in the UrQMD description of the inelastic p+p
cross section \cite{UrQMD1998}.

In Fig.~\ref{fig:Delta} we present two  contributions to the mean multiplicity
({\it left}) and to mean transverse mass $\langle m_T\rangle$ ({\it right})
for $\pi^+$ at the mid-rapidity, $0<y<0.2$, calculated in p+p inelastic collisions
within UrQMD simulations:~ 1) the excitation of baryonic resonances according to
Eq.~(\ref{pppi}) and their decays to $\pi^+$ plus nucleon;~ 2) the excitation of
strings according to Eq.~(\ref{string}) and their decays to $\pi^+$ plus anything.

The value of $\langle m_T\rangle$ can be presented as
\begin{equation}
\langle m_T\rangle~=~ f_B \, \langle m_T\rangle_B~+~f_s\, \langle m_T\rangle_s~.
\label{partial}
\end{equation}
In Eq.~(\ref{partial}), $f_B$ and $f_s$ correspond to the fractions of $\pi^+$
numbers from excited baryons (\ref{pppi}) and strings (\ref{string}),
respectively, whereas $\langle m_T\rangle_B$ and $ \langle m_T\rangle_s$ are the
corresponding values of the mean transverse mass from these two mechanisms.
From Fig.~\ref{fig:Delta}a one observes that $f_s>f_B$ at all SPS
energies, and  $f_s$ becomes much larger than $f_B$ with increasing energy.
However,
at small SPS energies this inequality is partially compensated by the opposite one,
$\langle m_T\rangle_B > \langle m_T\rangle_s $. The partial contributions
to $\langle m_T\rangle$ coming from baryonic and string decays defined by Eq.~(\ref{partial})
are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:Delta}b.
The interplay of these two contributions leads to the non-monotonous behavior
of their sum $\langle m_T\rangle$ for $\pi^+$  in the region $E_{\rm lab}=20-40$~GeV
seen in Fig.~\ref{fig:AvMtinelNN}b.

\begin{figure}
\begin{minipage}{.48\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig12a.eps}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{.48\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig12b.eps}
\end{minipage}
\caption{(Color online)
The UrQMD results for the $\pi^+$ production at the mid-rapidity
($0<y<0.2$) in inelastic p+p collisions. The contributions from three sources of the $\pi^+$
production are shown:
1) all baryonic resonances (the dotted lines);
2) all mesonic resonances (the dashed-dotted lines);
3) the `direct' pions from the string decays (the dashed lines).
(a) The fractions of the $\pi^+$ multiplicity from the three sources. (b) The partial contributions to the $\langle m_T\rangle$ value from the three sources.
}
\label{fig:3sources}
\end{figure}
It seems to be also instructive to distinguish three different sources
of pion production: all baryonic resonances (including the direct ones produced according
to Eq.~(\ref{pppi}) and those appeared from  decays of the strings), all mesonic resonances
(appeared from the string fragmentations and from decays of the highly excited baryonic resonances),
and the `direct' pions from string decays (without intermediate resonance states).
In Fig.~\ref{fig:3sources} these three contributions calculated within UrQMD
in p+p inelastic collisions are presented.
The {\it left} panel (a) shows  the fractions of the mean multiplicity  and  the
{\it right} panel (b) the partial contributions to $\langle m_T\rangle$ value for
$\pi^+$  at the mid-rapidity, $0<y<0.2$.
The decrease of $\langle m_T\rangle$ of $\pi^+$ with collision energy seen  in
Fig.~\ref{fig:AvMtinelNN}b appears again as a result of the
interplay of these three contributions: a strong decrease with collision energy
of the baryonic contribution, an
increase of the contribution from the mesonic resonances,
and approximately independent of  collision energy
the contribution of the `direct' pions from the strings.

Note that our observation of the non-monotonous behavior of $\langle m_T\rangle$
for $\pi^+$ with collision energy at $20<E_{{\rm lab}}<40$~GeV in inelastic p+p collisions
shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:AvMtinelNN}b
is based on the UrQMD  results.
On the other hand, as it was discussed above, the UrQMD results
underestimate the yield
of $\pi^-$ in p+p at  $p_{{\rm lab}} \le 80$~GeV/$c$. Therefore,
some improvements of the UrQMD model are desirable.
As it was mentioned, the present version of the UrQMD code includes
many supplementary baryonic  resonances $N^*$ and $\Delta$
in Eq.~(\ref{pppi}) with artificially large masses \cite{UrQMD:2008}.
These resonances influence the
UrQMD results for the $\langle m_T\rangle$ of pions at SPS energies.
However, a necessity of their presence deserves further studies.
It was shown recently in Ref.~\cite{Uzhinsky1} that an agreement
between the UrQMD simulations and the
data at the SPS energies
can be improved by suppressing the probabilities
of binary inelastic reactions (\ref{pppi}). Such a modification will lead
automatically to the enhanced
contribution from the
string excitation processes (\ref{string}). The modified UrQMD code
will inevitably change an interplay of the contributions from the  baryonic  resonances
and excited strings.

Note also that the observed non-monotonous behavior of $\langle m_T\rangle$ is  specific
for the pions accepted at the mid-rapidity. The UrQMD calculations for all secondary
pions presented in Fig.~\ref{fig:all-y} do not show any non-monotonous energy dependence.
This is in an agreement with the compilation of old p+p data in Ref.~\cite{compil}.
The dependence of the non-monotonous behavior of $\langle m_T\rangle$ on
the size of the rapidity window for the accepted $\pi^+$ and other details
will be studied further  in Ref.~\cite{VAG}.
\begin{figure}
\begin{minipage}{.48\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig13a.eps}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{.48\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig13b.eps}
\end{minipage}
\caption{(Color online) The points are the UrQMD results for
the mean transverse mass $\langle m_T\rangle$
of (a) $\pi^-$ and
(b) $\pi^+$ at all rapidities $y>0$ in inelastic $p+p$, $p+n$ and $n+n$.
The UrQMD data are depicted by the symbols, and the lines are drawn to guide the eye. }
\label{fig:all-y}
\end{figure}
In any case, our UrQMD prediction for the $\langle m_T\rangle$ drop
for $\pi^+$ at the mid-rapidity at $20<p_{\rm lab}<40$~GeV/c in inelastic p+p collisions
will be checked soon
experimentally by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration.

\section{Summary}
\label{sum}

In the present paper, the UrQMD simulations are
exploited
for a theoretical modeling of the
collision energy and system-size
effects for
the $\pi^-$ spectra in inelastic p+p collisions  measured  recently
by the NA61/SHINE \cite{NA61pp}  and in central Pb+Pb collisions
\cite{NA49-1,NA49-3,NA49-2}.

The UrQMD simulations demonstrate that at SPS energies ($E_{\rm lab}\geq 10A$~GeV) each participant
nucleon in central nucleus-nucleus collisions transforms more energy
to the production of new particles than that in p+p inelastic
collisions  at the same initial energy per nucleon.
At small collision energy $E_{\rm lab}\le 10A$~GeV the UrQMD simulations show
however the opposite behavior: the energy loss per participant nucleon
$E_{\rm loss}$ becomes larger in inelastic p+p collisions.
This UrQMD result is correlated to the inequality between the  mean pion
multiplicities per participant nucleon, $\left(\langle \pi\rangle/
\langle N_p\rangle\right)_{p+p}$ and $\left(\langle \pi\rangle/
\langle N_p\rangle\right)_{Pb+Pb}$.
A change of the sign in the difference of the pion multiplicities per nucleon
in p+p and Pb+Pb collisions is indeed observed from the
data, but at essentially larger collision energy $E_{\rm lab}\cong 40A$~GeV.

The UrQMD results underestimate the total yield of $\pi^-$ at the mid-rapidity
in inelastic p+p collisions  at all SPS energies except for the highest one,
$p_{\rm lab} = 158A$~GeV/c.
The UrQMD description appears to work better in central Pb+Pb collisions.
This observation deserves a further analysis.
The p+p results are the input for the UrQMD cascade version description of
nucleus-nucleus collisions.
Thus, any changes of this input,
introduced to fit the new p+p data at SPS energies,
may destroy an existing agreement with the Pb+Pb data.

The width of the rapidity spectra and the inverse slope of the transverse momentum
spectra or the mean transverse mass
were investigated on the base of the UrQMD simulations and compared to the
data.
Both the rapidity width and inverse slope for $\pi^-$ spectra in Pb+Pb
collisions are larger than those in p+p collisions, and for both reactions they
increase monotonously with the collision energy.
The UrQMD results are in a qualitative agreement with
experimental observations.

An important aspect of our analysis is a proper treatment of the isospin effects.
They appear to be important for a comparison of the pion production data in
proton-proton and nucleus-nucleus collisions.
We demonstrate that different results for the pion production in p+p, p+n, and
n+n collisions are important not only for $\pi^-$ and $\pi^+$ multiplicities
but, even more, for their $m_T$-spectra.
Large difference of about $20-30$~MeV/c$^2$ in $\langle m_T\rangle$ values for
secondary $\pi^-$ in p+p and n+n inelastic collisions (and the same value with the opposite sign for
$\pi^+$) is predicted by the UrQMD
simulations at low SPS energies,
in the energy range corresponding to the future CBM experiment at FAIR.
This is
important
for the analysis of the $\langle m_T\rangle$ dependence on the collision energy
in nucleus-nucleus collisions.

The UrQMD simulations predict a non-monotonous behavior of
$\langle m_T\rangle$ with collision energy for $\pi^+$  in inelastic p+p reactions:
the mean transverse mass of positively charged pions accepted at mid-rapidity
decreases notably with the collision energy inside the
region of $p_{\rm lab}=20\div 40$~GeV/c.
This our prediction of rather unexpected strong drop of $\langle m_T\rangle$
for $\pi^+$ in p+p collisions will be checked soon by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration.

\begin{acknowledgments}
We would like to thank Elena Bratkovskaya,
Ivan Kisel,
Tobiasz Czopowicz, Marek Ga\'zdzicki, Pasi Huovinen, Szymon Pulawski, and Yurij Sinyukov for fruitful discussions and comments.
The work of D.V.A. and M.I.G. was supported  by the
Program of Fundamental Research of the Department of Physics and
Astronomy of NAS and by the State Agency of Science, Innovations and
Informatization of Ukraine contract F58/384-2013.
\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


WriteOnFightOn Other Surviving Christmas: Lessons from Clark W. Griswold Jr.
Surviving Christmas: Lessons from Clark W. Griswold Jr.
Hosting Christmas is often a cinnamon-baked decathlon of stress and anxiety.
There's a million things to do.
After work you grind through traffic to Target, park miles away, hustle across a frozen parking lot only to stop at the closest shopping cart corral to catch your breath and promise to stop eating so many cookies.
You funnel through the electric doors with the rest of the huffers and puffers.
You elbow your way through the aisles fighting, searching for a set of holiday hot plates which of course–they don't have.
When you get home you microwave some chicken and spend the night cramming Christmas cards into envelopes that were apparently meant for smaller Christmas cards.
Your weekends are spent bustling about the house hanging new picture frames, vacuuming between couch cushions, cleaning out closets and replacing those burned out hallway light bulbs you meant to change in November.
You think about alcohol but you have eaten breakfast yet.
You bark at your dog, your kids, your spouse.
You complain about the weather, the traffic, the cost of cheese and that your cousin from Tulsa hasn't responded to your Christmas dinner Evite.
And as you stand at your kitchen sink in your bathrobe, eating another Christmas tree-shaped sugar cookie you can't remember the last time you didn't have a headache.
But alas my merry-less friend, there is hope this holiday season.
In this dizzying stretch of Pollyannas, secret Santas and ugly sweaters Hollywood (of all recent places) has provided us a savoir. A savoir who hails from the sprawling suburbs of Chicago. A savoir who, in 1989, was rumored to be a finalist for the Food Additive Designer of the Year.
But as holidays often go — whatever can go wrong, does go wrong for Clark — pushing him to the brink of insanity and striking a chord with anyone who has ever hosted the holidays.
However at the end of the movie, after a SWAT team destroys his house, the big-hearted Clark stands shining like the 25,000 white Christmas lights that adorn his house. Clark is a 10,000 watt beacon of hope who may have inadvertently taught us how to enjoy the stressful holiday season.
Like Clark, we all want the perfect Christmas. So we inflate our dreams. We convince ourselves that if we can buy the right gifts, get the right tree, bake the perfect fruit cake Christmas will be perfect this year. But even in Hollywood the perfect Christmas doesn't exist. So when we set our expectations dangerously high, we only increase our stress and anxiety and prohibit our ability to enjoy Christmas.
Clark's desire to have the "best looking house on the block" represents someone trying to do too much. During the holidays we over-schedule, over-extend ourselves which consequently drains our spirit. We have to remember that it's okay to say "no" and do less — so we have more energy to do the things that really matter.
Clark puts a down payment on a swimming pool and plans to use his Christmas bonus to pay off the rest of the pool. However, instead of a financial bonus his boss, Frank Shirley, enrolls Clark in the Jelly of the Month Club and jeopardizes Clark's ability to payoff the pool. Lesson — stick to a reasonable budget this Christmas and invest in relationships and glad tidings instead of material possessions.
At one point Clark is home alone and stuck in the attic. To pass the time he finds a projector and plays reels of home movies from Christmases of his youth. As adults it's so easy to forget how much happiness the holidays once brought us and how quickly our children grow up. It's so easy to get caught in the holiday mayhem that we forget how important the magic of Christmas is to our children.
In the opening scene Clark leads his family through the woods that is packed with knee-high snow to pick out the perfect Christmas tree. However, once they find the tree Clark realizes he forgot a saw. In the next scene the family is driving in their station wagon with their new Christmas tree strapped to the roof — roots and all. There's a good chance you're going to forget something, overlook something this holiday season. Roll with it. Don't let not having a saw stop you from enjoying the holidays.
It's natural to look across the dinner table and wonder how you could ever share genes with these people. But the holidays are bigger and more important than you and your grips and quarrels. You can't choose your family but you can choose your attitudes and reactions. You can choose to accept, embrace and if the situation calls for it forgive.
No matter where you're celebrating Christmas I wish you a joyous and stress-free Christmas.
And hopefully you can steal some time to stretch out on the couch, finish off the last of that cookie platter and enjoy National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation.
PS–Checkout my cousin Dan's homage to Clark and Cousin Eddie!
College Essay Advice- Don't be Afraid...Take the Plunge!
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Today was one of those days when I got a glimpse into some of the parenting obstacles that wait for me in the not-so-far-off future.
It started out innocently enough: freakishly hot Spring day, $.49 Dunkin Iced Coffee coupon, morning playdate with a super cool friend and her sweet daughter.
We chatted away as the girls ran off to play, jumping from swings to slide to see saw – and then back again. There were a ton of other kids at the park today and most of them were polite, friendly little souls.
Right in the middle of the playground was a small playhouse. Our girls were enjoying some sort of domestic role-playing imaginative play inside the playhouse when THE BULLY and a couple other kids plowed into the house. All was quiet for about 3 minutes. After that, I watched as Lily came bursting out of the playhouse. Mouth in an unmistakable pout, eyebrows furrowed and arms crossed, she stalked across the playground and sat down under a tree. I gave her a few minutes to cool off before calling her over to me.
Still brooding about whatever had transpired in the playhouse, she reluctantly walked over to the bench.
So, I commended her for walking away and reminded her that she doesn't need to play with anyone who isn't being nice. She jumped back into the playground activities and we made it through the rest of the play time unscathed. I was pretty sure she had forgotten about the entire incident altogether.
We spent the rest of the ride home talking about the happier parts of the morning, though at one point she did feel the need to inform me that the rude boy really needed to "change his attitude." I had to laugh at the idea of a 3 year old dishing out advice on who was in need of an attitude adjustment.
Today's incident was just a glimpse at an entire lifetime of Rude Dude encounters. As much as I absolutely HATE the thought of some kid hurting my kid's feelings or giving her a hard time, I thought about how important it is for us as parents to keep reinforcing a positive self-image and a strong sense of confidence as Lily grows. The more confident that she is in herself, the less room for there will hopefully be for self-doubting when bullies are slinging their hateful words.
I spent countless years in college and then in my own classroom learning and practicing the art of teaching tolerance to kids of all ages. I felt some of those lessons come flooding back to me today, but at the same time I felt at a loss for the right words to say. Since the day Lily was born (and every single day since), I have marveled at the impressionability of children. They are little sponges and every experience plays a role in who they will ultimately turn out to be. Powerful stuff.
How about you? How do you teach your kids to handle bullies? Do you encourage them to fight back (verbally or physically)? Or do you tell them to walk away? Or both?
This entry was posted in parenting, ramblings, stuff i hate and tagged advice, bullying, kids, parenting, tips. Bookmark the permalink.


You would not begin or increase a business with out a plan – a transparent-cut idea of where you need to take your company and the way you plan to get there. Instead, you would assess your cash stream and bills, choose a location to your office, determine on your hours of operation, and develop strategies to beat obstacles. The next conceptualization, with 4 quadrants, was developed to information CSU's Resilience and Well-Being Initiatives. This conceptualization consists of strengthening the tradition of resilience at CSU and promoting initiatives that assist students persist through difficulties to be able to develop effectively-being and flourishing in the lives of scholars. Initiatives embody prevention, assist and restoration efforts. Every quadrant includes constructs that can be included in outcomes analysis on the effectiveness of initiatives. Many CSU resiliency and well-being initiatives already exist. It's a precedence to coordinate current and new efforts, and to coach college students, staff and college about resiliency and effectively-being constructs and resources.
Some easy leg exercises are ankle raises off a step, squat with your again against a wall and maintain it there for so long as you may, squats, working on the spot, and skipping is surprisingly helpful too! Missouri Workshop Calendar: The coaching might be beneath the Safe Sleep tab after they get it up and operating. I am keen on Lebanese meals and used to eat it so much once I lived in Cyprus. I'm hoping to go to Lebanon later this 12 months and cannot wait to get caught into a giant mezza! An awesome, complete hub, voted up and interesting.
Swimming is my favourite sport and it is one of the safest and most beneficial. It's also one of many few sports that may work out almost your entire physique muscular tissues. Good article. I'll learn more articles. I agree bananas are nice for you. I love them with peanut butter too. Thanks for sharing. I've started recording for each projects in LHSA and John Lewis Edinburgh and, although they require the identical expertise, the ultimate use of the recordings might be fairly completely different. This highlights the many uses that oral histories have.
The 1980s in South Africa were about reform, repression and resistance. This era was characterised by deep social divisions and racial tensions. The state of affairs was exacerbated by the powerful influences of demographic modifications, rising urbanization, continued industrialization,rising private incomes, and spreading training affecting all of society, including mass communication, nationwide safety and wars with the Frontline States. One other facet to this social state of affairs was the truth that the South African political system itself was unstable.
I hope this helps you out Blondey on your quest for higher health, I know its a tricky transition, but adding juicing to your weight loss plan will help no matter what you eat, or your dietary plan shifting. This is also for those who focus on contemporary natural produce quite then the GMO forms of vegatables and fruits. Just take a look at the meals labels, the PLU codes show you how to to determine if the fruits and or greens are organic or not.


text:
2019 READER'S CHOICE WINNERS
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Kenneth Franklin Burton
Sylvia Meyer
Penny Herman
Emma Hunt
Local Columns Other Views Letters
Think before opening your mouth and closing your heart
How Newsom will assist in 'suicide' of northern SJ Valley using a straw
Newsom can make economy stronger, state safer, ease housing costs by taking over PG&E
The privileged class in Sacramento wants to constitutionally ban homelessness at all costs
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YE OLD RENAISSANCE FAIRE
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Planned Parenthood changes its fetal-tissue reimbursement policy
Updated: Oct. 13, 2015, 4:14 p.m.
NEW YORK (AP) — Responding to a furor over undercover videos, Planned Parenthood says it will maintain programs at some of its clinics that make fetal tissue available for research, but will cover the costs itself rather than accepting any reimbursement.
Anti-abortion activists who recently released a series of covertly filmed videos have contended that Planned Parenthood officials sought profits from their programs providing post-abortion fetal tissue to researchers. Planned Parenthood said the videos were deceptively edited and denied seeking any payments beyond legally permitted reimbursement of costs.
The new policy — forgoing even permissible reimbursement — was outlined in a letter sent Tuesday by Planned Parenthood's president, Cecile Richards, to Francis Collins, the director of the National Institutes of Health.
"Planned Parenthood's policies on fetal tissue donation already exceed the legal requirements," Richards wrote. "Now we're going even further in order to take away any basis for attacking Planned Parenthood to advance an anti-abortion political agenda."
The videos were released, starting in mid-July, by a group of anti-abortion activists calling themselves the Center for Medical Progress. Activists posed as representatives of a biomedical firm and sought to negotiate the purchase of fetal organs from some Planned Parenthood personnel.
David Deleiden, who led the undercover video effort, depicted Planned Parenthood's shift as "an admission of guilt."
"If the money Planned Parenthood has been receiving for baby body parts were truly legitimate 'reimbursement,' why cancel it?" he asked.
Republicans in control of Congress have responded to the undercover videos by launching several investigations of Planned Parenthood, along with efforts to cut off the organization's federal funding. Most of that funding is reimbursement for Medicaid patients receiving cancer screenings, contraception and other non-abortion services.
Rep. Jason Chaffetz, a Utah Republican who chairs the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee, described Planned Parenthood's policy change as "a good, tangible result" of the various House investigations. He said his own panel would continue its inquiry into Planned Parenthood's use of federal funding.
Thus far, none of the congressional investigations, nor separate investigations in six states, have verified any law-breaking by Planned Parenthood.
Planned Parenthood says its fetal tissue programs currently take place in only two states — California and Washington — at about a half-dozen of the 700 health centers run by the organization nationwide.
Planned Parenthood's executive vice president, Dawn Laguens, said the Washington state affiliate already had a policy of accepting no reimbursement for its costs, and the California affiliate will now follow the same policy. Staff members in California indicated earlier that reimbursement per specimen generally ranged from $30 to $100, but Laguens said she could not say how much the affiliate received annually in reimbursements or how much it will cost to cover the expenses of the fetal-tissue program.
"I don't think it will have a huge impact on their budget," Laguens said. "For Planned Parenthood, this was always about one thing — honoring the desire of women to contribute to lifesaving research. It was never about money."
While selling fetal tissue for profit is illegal, a 1993 law passed by Congress with bipartisan support allows women who undergo abortions to donate fetal tissue for use in scientific research. The law allowed entities supplying the tissue to recover the costs of running such programs.
During the three-month controversy over the videos, some of Planned Parenthood's critics have called a ban on research using donated fetal tissue. However, there has been strong defense of the practice from within the medical and scientific establishment.
The Department of Health and Human Services, in a letter to Congress in August, said fetal tissue "continues to be a critical resource for important efforts such as research on degenerative eye disease, human development disorders such as Down syndrome, and infectious diseases, among a host of other diseases."
Professor Arthur Caplan, director of the Division of Medical Ethics at NYU Langone Medical Center's Department of Population Health, said Planned Parenthood's move was strategically wise.
"The fees are being used to promote the canard that PP is killing babies for profit. They are not," Caplan wrote in an email. "But deciding not to accept reimbursement for any processing or handling would effectively end the lying about what PP is and has been doing."
University of Notre Dame law professor O. Carter Snead, a bioethicist, had a contrasting view.
"Planned Parenthood's decision is clearly an effort at damage control — to preserve its carefully cultivated (and ferociously defended) image as merely a women's health care organization," said by email. "Nothing Planned Parenthood has done today will change its role as the world's leading abortion provider."
Early reaction to the announcement divided along party lines in Congress, where Democrats have depicted the multiple Republican investigations as baseless.
"I am pleased that Planned Parenthood has taken this additional step, removing a distraction, and, in the process, returning focus to the high-quality health care they deliver to millions of Americans," said Sen. Richard Blumenthal, a Democrat from Connecticut.
Rep. Diane Black, a Tennessee Republican, said she remained intent on seeking to defund Planned Parenthood.
"It is curious that, while Planned Parenthood officials maintain there has been no wrongdoing, they still find it necessary to change their policy," Black said. "Clearly, this was a decision motivated by optics rather than the organization's conscience."
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
University Committee on Undergraduate Studies
DRAFT AGENDA
Motion to Establish Taking of the Minutes (Action Item)
Laura Dillon, UCUS Chairperson
Karen Klomparens, Associate Provost for Graduate Studies
UCUS Bylaws and Role in Academic Governance (Information item)
Elected Committee Positions and Subcommittees (Information item)
Committee Operating Procedures (Information items)
Robert's Rules (http://parlipro.org) and the companion site (http://rulesonline.com/)
Responsibilities of committee members
Additional meetings
Committee Operating Procedures (Action items)
Voting (conducting business) via email or online survey
Procedure for granting and removing voice for visitors
Public comment procedure .........(Attachment)
UCUS Business Review and Preview (Information)
Comments from the Associate Provost for Graduate Studies
Role of UCUS in reviewing New Programs (Information item)
Approval of the April 28, 2011 UCAP Minutes
Election of Liaison to the University Committee on Liberal Learning (Action Item)
Sirs Online Update (Information Item)
Sandra Walther, Office of the Associate Provost for Undergraduate Education
Scott TerMeer, Team Leader Academic Applications, Administrative Information Services (AIS)
Jeane Marty, User Interface Specialist, AIS
Andrew Thomas, Systems Analyst, AIS
Request to Establish a Linked Bachelor of Arts Degree in Linguistics and Master of Arts Degree in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (materials distributed with agenda) Action Item .........(Attachment)
Chairperson Tom Lovik or Designee, Department of Linguistics, Germanic, Slavic, Asian and African Languages
Request for a New Linked Bachelor of Arts Degree in Marketing and Master of Science Degree in Marketing Research (materials distributed with agenda) Action Item .........(Attachment)
John Wagner, Associate Dean , Eli Broad College of Business
Roger Calantone, Chairperson, Department of Marketing, Eli Broad College of Business
Amended MINUTES
Attendees:	Zarena Aslami, Mark Axelrod, Henry Beckmeyer, Jan Brady, Crystal Branta, Laura Dillon, Fred Fico, Kathleen Hoag, Karen Klomparens, Mary Noel, Helene Pazak , John Reifenberg, Patricia Rogers, Ryan Sweeder, Abraham Wheeler
Absent:	Doug Estry, Ron Perry, Ashton Shortridge
The following motion by Mary Noel passed unanimously:
The secretary for the Associate Provost for Undergraduate Education shall attend Committee meetings and prepare minutes for review and approval by committee membership.
Chairperson Dillon and Associate Provost Klomparens welcomed the new and returning committee members. Self-introductions were made.
Comments from Chairperson
Chairperson Dillon reminded the committee of the change in the committee's name and reviewed UCUS's bylaws and the committees' role within new academic governance structure.
Dr. Dillon reviewed the elected committee positions and introduced the incumbents, noting that the position of UCUS liaison to the University Committee on Liberal Learning had not been filled in April and that election would take place later in the agenda.
Dr. Dillon suggested the committee use Robert's Rules of Order as a guide the committee's meetings. She suggested http://www.parlipro.org/index.html as an excellent reference.
Chairperson Dillon reviewed the responsibilities of committee members. Members were asked to find a substitute from their college if they would be unable to attend a meeting. Although substitutes would not have vote, they would be able to express the views of their constituents regarding issues of concern to their college. A key role of UCUS members would be to share committee business that would be of interest with the appropriate stakeholders in their college.
Chairperson Dillon stated that it might become necessary to hold additional meetings in order to allow due consideration of all slated agenda items. She asked the committee members to reserve every Thursday not scheduled for regular committee meetings for possible additional meetings or subcommittee meetings. She asked the committee for the authority and autonomy to call additional meetings. Hearing no objections, the practice will be adopted as procedure for '11-'12.
Dr. Dillon recommended the committee consider accomplishing some business electronically such as crafting final language for a motion or a document before it could be sent forward or posted on the web. She asked the committee to approve conducting such business electronically. Motion by Mary Noel passed unanimously.
The committee agrees to allow the chairperson the flexibility to craft final language for motions and documents and to take votes by email on issues already discussed with the provision that, if any one member objects, the issue will return to the agenda at the next meeting.
Dr. Dillon described the streamlined procedure to grant and remove voice for visitors to UCAP and requested the committee again adopt the procedure to allow the chair to grant and take away voice without a formal committee vote, i.e., hearing no objections; permission was granted.
The motion by Henry Beckmeyer to continue to use the Public Comment Procedures as adopted by UCAP on November 19, 2009 passed unanimously. The document will be updated with the new committee name and date of action.
UCUS Business Review and Preview
Chairperson Dillon reported that upcoming UCC items for the committee would include a request for a merger and name change of Crop and Soil Sciences and Plant Biology. The Taskforce for Student Assessment of Online Courses would be making its recommendations to the Steering Committee in the near future and would likely be referred to UCUS for comment.
Dr. Dillon reported that the UCAP request for grade sequestration in SIRS Online had been forwarded by ECAC to the Academic and Faculty Councils. Based on their positive responses the Provost had agreed that sequestration could move forward for Fall 2011 and the committee would have an update on that project later in the meeting. She noted that the Provost had sent a memo to the Steering Committee regarding Course Repeat Policy stating he endorsed the change but would indefinitely defer implementation until the technological ability to manage the change was in place.
Associate Provost Klomparens discussed with the committee its role in reviewing new programs. She suggested that questions within the committee's purview would be related to faculty capacity, infrastructure support, sufficiency of student interest, and career path or outcomes. She stated that questions of budget and available funds were the purview of the Provost questions related to duplication of programs was the purview of State review.
Dean Klomparens reported that a project was underway to give every university building a regular street address. This was necessary to participate in the regional 911 system. With this change, first responders would easily find an on-campus location. Faculty and colleges have been asked to start incorporating the new street address in all public or published materials, such as stationery, business cards, signature files on emails, websites, etc.
The Minutes of the April 28, 2011 meeting were approved.
Election of Liaison to the University Committee on Liberal Learning
Chairperson Dillon provided information regarding the charge of the UCL, which meets monthly, generally on the third week of the month from 3 pm to 4:30 pm. As no nominations were made and no committee members volunteered to serve, the election was tabled until the September 22, 2011 meeting.
Sirs Online Update
The committee unanimously granted voice to Mss. Walther and Marty.
Ms. Walther updated the committee on the progress being made in the implementation of grade sequestration as a method of increasing student participation in SIRS Online and customization of SIRS Online forms resulting from UCAP's recommendation to ECAC in April 2011 and the Provost's subsequent agreement to move forward with them.
After a brief question and answer period, voice was withdrawn from Mss. Walther and Marty.
Request to Establish a Linked Bachelor of Arts Degree in Linguistics and Master of Arts Degree in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages
Deborah Hardison, Director MA TESOL Program, Department of Linguistics, Germanic, Slavic, Asian and African Languages
The committee unanimously granted voice to Dr. Hardison.
Dr. Hardison stated that the request for the linked BA/MA was part of a strategy to retain excellent undergraduate majors and to make the Linguistics program attractive as an undergraduate major. Dr. Hardison noted that the MA program had requested an increase in credits from 33 to 36, effective Fall 2012. Linked program students and graduate students would be able to use thesis credits for 3 of the required credits. Dr. Hardison stated that at least 50% of the MA program students are international students.
Voice was withdrawn from Dr. Hardison.
The committee's discussion centered on its concern that the 3.25 GPA required for entry into the linked BA/MA program did not denote academic excellence, although discussion at the meeting was under the premise that there was not a minimum GPA required for entry to the MA program.
The committee discussed whether it should recommend that the Linguistics program raise the requirement to enter the linked program to a 3.5 GPA. Some committee members raised the possibility of suggesting a policy that would align the GPA requirements for these programs across departments. Others responded that other factors would make it difficult to define what an appropriate entry level grade point would be.
Dean Klomparens reminded the committee that the UCUS purview was undergraduate programs. If the committee wanted to make a statement about graduate admission GPA standards, it would go to the graduate committee (UCGS).
The consensus was to indicate in its recommendation that it had a concern about the 3.25 GPA level for admission to the linked programs.
Motion by Crystal Branta passed unanimously.
The University Committee on Undergraduate Studies, in its consultative capacity to the Provost, had only one minor concern and suggests the program consider raising the required 3.25 GPA level for admission to the linked degrees.
Request for a New Linked Bachelor of Arts Degree in Marketing and Master of Science Degree in Marketing Research
Associate Dean Wagner asked the committee to defer the agenda item to a future meeting due to an illness that prevented Dr. Calantone's attendance.
The committee deferred the request to its September 22 meeting.
There were no Roundtable items.
Meeting adjourned.


text:
Q: jQuery add class on scroll, but not on initial load I have this code here that adds and removes class based on scroll position, this even works on initial load and I do not want it to, how do I prevent that?
jQuery(window).scroll(function () {

  var scroll = jQuery(window).scrollTop();

  console.log(scroll);

  if (scroll >= 100) {
    jQuery("#banner").addClass("sticky");
  } else if (scroll == 0) {
    jQuery("#banner").removeClass("sticky");
  }

  if (scroll > 0) {
    jQuery(".navigation-top").addClass("sticky");
  } else if (scroll == 0) {
    jQuery(".navigation-top").removeClass("sticky");
  }

});

The issue is on the initial load when you refresh the page and the scroll is not 0

A: You could just use a boolean variable with an if statement in the scroll function to determine if the code should be run or not.
Here, we disable the code by setting variable to true onload, then on scroll we set it to false, allowing the function to execute.
var onload_functionDisable = true;

jQuery(window).scroll(function() {

    if (onload_functionDisable == false) {
        var scroll = jQuery(window).scrollTop();

        console.log(scroll);

        if (scroll >= 100) {
            jQuery("#banner").addClass("sticky");
        } else if (scroll == 0) {
            jQuery("#banner").removeClass("sticky");
        }

        if (scroll > 0) {
            jQuery(".navigation-top").addClass("sticky");
        } else if (scroll == 0) {
            jQuery(".navigation-top").removeClass("sticky");
        }
    }
    onload_functionDisable = false;
});

Edit
The previous code was wrong and would always run. So now have improved it by moving the onload_functionDisable = false; to the bottom of scroll function. So on load the scroll function is disabled, but as soon as it skips the scroll code, the variable is set to false, enabling the code for the next scroll event.
I have a working simplified jsfiddle showing this.

A:
The issue is on the inital load when you refresh the page and the scroll is not 0

Okay.. The only solution I think of is:
On load, you will force scrollTop to zero.
Then register the scroll event handler.
$(window).scrollTop(0);

$(window).scroll(function () {

  var scroll = $(window).scrollTop();
  console.log(scroll);

  $("#banner").toggleClass("sticky", scroll >= 100 );
  $(".navigation-top").toggleClass("sticky", scroll > 0 );
});

The second argument is a condition that returns a true/false, in both cases.

A: I had the same issue and found a solution here: https://www.py4u.net/discuss/959392
This example is a bit different but solves the same problem:
Separate the callback that fixes the header in a dedicated function:
function FixHeader() {
    if ( $( window ).scrollTop() > 170 ) {
        $( '.header' ).addClass( 'sticky' );
    }
    else {
        $( '.header' ).removeClass( 'sticky' );
    }
}

Bind the callback to the scroll event:
$( window ).scroll( FixHeader );

Finally:
let the callback be invoked as the DOM is ready:
$( FixHeader );

that is a shorthand to
$( document ).ready( FixHeader );

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
HSMAI Honors Alice Diaz and Clayton Reid With Lifetime Achievement Awards
Home/HSMAI Honors Alice Diaz and Clayton Reid With Lifetime Achievement Awards
By Isabel Crowther|2022-02-22T13:04:28-05:00February 22nd, 2022|
HSMAI | February 22, 2022
The Hospitality Sales & Marketing Association International (HSMAI) is pleased to announce the recipients of the 2021 HSMAI Lifetime Achievement Awards in marketing and public relations. Alice Diaz will be honored with the Winthrop W. Grice Award for Public Relations and Clayton Reid, Chief Executive Officer of MMGY Global, will be recognized with the Albert E. Koehl Award for Hospitality Marketing. HSMAI will celebrate both Diaz and Reid at the Annual Adrian Awards Celebration on March 30 at The Boca Raton in Boca Raton, Florida.
The HSMAI Lifetime Achievement Awards recognize individuals who have spent most of their careers in hospitality and travel and have contributed to the betterment of the industry in a significant and lasting way over an extended period of time.
"Clayton and Alice are exceptional leaders in the hospitality and tourism industry, and HSMAI is thrilled to celebrate their accomplished careers and contributions," said Robert A. Gilbert, CHME, CHBA, president and CEO of HSMAI. "The impact that both have made to hospitality and travel companies around the globe is immeasurable. It is a great honor to recognize Clayton with the Albert E. Koehl Award for Hospitality Marketing in recognition of his outstanding commitment and achievements in hospitality marketing. We also proudly present Alice with the Winthrop W. Grice Award for Public Relations for her outstanding contributions and in hospitality public relations."
Alice Diaz, a native New Yorker with roots in the Dominican Republic, has more than 30 years of experience in travel public relations, representing the best of the best in the industry. During her early years at M. Silver Associates, she helped transform the image of Greater Fort Lauderdale, promoted tourism to Thailand, Costa Rica and Panama, and launched Atlantis, Paradise Island from its visionary inception to the star-studded opening of the Royal Towers.
Over the course of her 19 years at Weber Shandwick, Diaz led the Travel & Lifestyle practice and, along with her team, she executed multiple award-winning campaigns. Highlights of her remarkable career include the monumental Bahamas Weather Conference for The Islands of The Bahamas, the magical Universal Studios Wizarding World of Harry Potter, the U.S. presidential opening of the Pope John Paul II Museum, the introduction of historic flights for Singapore Airlines, the Beyoncé- headlined opening of Revel in Atlantic City, the long-running tourism program for Hilton Head Island, and the 150th anniversary of Harley-Davidson. Diaz also managed global teams and programs, including crisis communications for Royal Caribbean International. The Cannes Lion "Total Eclipse Cruise" for Royal Caribbean was one of many mega hits that she is extremely proud of, along with the 2019 Adrian Best in Show campaign on behalf of Mexico City. Before retiring at the end of 2019, Alice organized relief programs and awareness campaigns for The Bahamas after the devastation of Hurricane Dorian.
Throughout her career, Diaz mentored many rising stars and said she will always find time to lend an ear or help promote the next generation of exceptional travel women and men. Now residing in Florida, Diaz is looking forward to living out all the travel dreams she inspired others to experience.
Clayton Reid has worked with companies all over the world for three decades, including Barbados Tourism, Enterprise Holdings, Marriott International and United Airlines. While helping to lead MMGY Global's growth across six countries and 13 offices, he has also been heavily involved as an industry advocate. Reid is a sought-after speaker and has been featured by news organizations such as the BBC, Bloomberg, CNN, NPR, The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal. He has served on boards including the American Hotel & Lodging Association, Hospitality Sales & Marketing Association International, the Kansas City Zoo, HSMAI, the New York City Hospitality Council, the U.S. Travel Association, Visit KC and the World Alpine Ski Championships. He is a strategic council member of Gerson Lehrman Group (GLG) in its global travel advisory practice and has worked with global consultancies such as Bain Capital and McKinsey on critical travel issues.
Reid has been awarded the American Express Steven Harvey Achievement Award and has been selected for the exclusive Arthur Page Society. He is also an advocate for sustainability and social causes in travel, being featured by Skift and Forbes for a global push to make travel a platform for equality and understanding. He currently sits on the board of the Midwest Innocence Project, an organization committed to exonerating the wrongly accused, and has been active with other civic causes including Operation Breakthrough, a support system for children in poverty, and Watts of Love, a global NGO that brings simple lighting solutions to communities without electricity.
Reid has lived on three continents and has worked extensively in a variety of cultures and business environments. He considers travel the most important bridge for building understanding, cultural empathy and economic opportunity.
For additional information on the HSMAI Adrian Awards and the HSMAI Lifetime Achievement Awards, visit Home | HSMAI Adrian Awards.
About HSMAI
The Hospitality Sales and Marketing Association International (HSMAI) is committed to growing business for hotels and their partners and is the industry's leading advocate for intelligent, sustainable hotel revenue growth. The association provides hotel professionals and their partners with tools, insights, and expertise to fuel sales, inspire marketing, and optimize revenue through programs such as the Marketing Strategy Conference, Adrian Awards, and HSMAI ROC. Founded in 1927, HSMAI is a membership organization comprising more than 5,000 members worldwide, with 40 chapters in the Americas Region. Connect with HSMAI at hsmai.org.
Contact: Miranda Brown
[email protected]/
2021 HSMAI Lifetime Achievement AwardsAdrian Awards CelebrationAlbert E. Koehl Award for Hospitality MarketingAlice DiazClayton Reidhospitality sales & marketing association internationalhsmaiHSMAI Lifetime Achievement Awardsindustry happeningsWinthrop W. Grice Award for Public Relations


Read online or download PDF Page 4 10 KYORITSU 4105A User Manual KYORITSU Tools manual before using the instrument. KYORITSU ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS WORKS, LTD. PEN KEW 1030 1Safety warnings# This instrument has been designed, manufactured and tested according to IEC: Safety requirements for Electronic Measuring apparatus, and Kyoritsu 1030 manual dexterity in Compact in size, the Kyoritsu 1030 is an easy to use, penstyle multimeter.
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Consult Kyoritsu's High Voltage Insulation Tester 3125 brochure on DirectIndustry. Page: 12 KEW 1030 Compact in Size, Light in Weight and Simple in Use. Carrying case, LR44 (1. 5V) 2, Instruction manual: Product Catalogue; Instruction Manual; Selection Guide; Product Catalogue. KEW1030 Product Catalogue (326 KB) Instruction Manual.


text:
Living and thinking sustainably
Posted on March 20, 2020 by Bedales School
This article was originally published in the Old Bedalian Newsletter 2020.
The whole school community has been doing more to reuse, reduce and recycle in the wake of the climate change campaign that has been dominating the streets and the media, drawing attention to the urgency of the global changes that need to be made.
Bedales hosted a 'Funeral for the Planet' earlier this year, where a climate emergency was announced. The event was organised by Bedales Head of Geography Paul Turner, who became one of the UK's first United Nations-accredited climate change teachers. Bedales' Geography department has also recently launched the UK's first climate breakdown scheme of work, collaborating with other teachers and organisations.
Following this, a group of 60 students joined a climate change protest in March, marching from Parliament Square to Buckingham Palace and were encouraged by the amount of support they received from tourists, construction workers and even police officers. Students took part in more protests in Petersfield and in London, with a small group attending a symposium on climate change at the London School of Economics. A number of speakers were present including Lord Stern, Chair of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, who addressed the question of, 'What should individuals, communities, schools and universities do to stop climate change?'
Olivia Grout-Smith, 6.2 student, who attended the talk explained: "In order to make actual change within schools, universities and colleges, the importance of education about the climate crisis within the curriculum was a key point. Though some students decide to take Geography GCSE and A Level, others do not. Another idea discussed was to install a carbon offset scheme, so when students travel by plane or another environmentally damaging mode of transport, they can balance out the impact on the environment.
"We came away from the symposium with a true feeling of inspiration and pride. One of the speakers, Naomi Oreskes from Harvard University, said, as a school or as individuals, we can change. She expressed that when we make statements or propositions for the future, we are sometimes criticised for being 'unrealistic' but it is exactly those unrealistic goals that drive social change and innovation that lead to a positive impact."
Students' involvement on climate issues follows a long tradition of political engagement at Bedales. In 2016, the school introduced a unique Bedales Assessed Course (BAC) in Global Awareness covering global issues such as sustainable development as well as poverty, equality, social justice, human rights, globalisation, gender and peace and conflict. Campaigning and activism are a critical element of the GCSE-level course, with students taking an academic approach, critically examining the different perspectives of an issue – such as climate change – and drawing on numerous sources to present an argument. This year the school's offering was extended to sixth form students, with a Pre-U in Global Perspectives and Research.
Bedales remains committed to reducing the school's environmental footprint by monitoring water and energy consumption, waste, printing and the use of single-use plastic. Printing dropped by 5% in November compared with last year and colour printing decreased by 18%. We were also pleased to announce that the students' drinking mugs have been replaced by reusable coffee cups constructed from recycled chewing gum, produced by Gumdrop, the innovative venture of Old Bedalian, Anna Bullus (1998-2003).
"As a designer, you have a huge responsibility to put things out that meet certain social and environmental criteria," Anna observes. "That's something that is not only ingrained in me but has also given me the most amazing pleasure. We're all so much more aware of our debt to the environment – the question is whether we're doing enough about it."
We were pleased to interview Anna for an OB profile in the summer of 2019 where she explained how she came up with her idea for Gum-Tec and how it grew into a successful global business. Read more about Anna and Gumdrop on our website.
Another Bedalian getting creative in reusing and recycling items is Victoria Knight (2003-06), who has been producing jewellery from used coffee pod capsules.
"The joy of Bedales is that it nurtures individuality, creativity and the appreciation of beauty. My love of designing and making comes from Bedales," reveals Victoria. "I enjoyed choosing which extra-curricular activities to participate in. There was always such a wide range of choices: silversmithing, pottery, photography, spinning and knitting. The list of artistic activities seemed endless. Each one I tried taught me a new skill and it made me see the importance and value of seeing a project through.
"Outdoor Work provided a chance to be entrepreneurial. I remember one term, Peter Coates (staff 1989-2014) let me and some friends create fairies out of feathers, leaves and other items found in the woodland. We sold them weekly along with the baked bread. It was a great example of John Badley's ethos of 'head, hand and heart'.
"My business, Coffee Pod Creations, started when I was having coffee with a friend who used a Nespresso Machine. I was horrified that the colourful pods were used once, then discarded. I didn't want them to end up in landfill, so I took a bag and cleaned each coffee pod. I mixed the coffee granules in with the garden compost and used the aluminium pod for jewellery.
"The first piece I made was a bold, floral necklace. It took me many attempts until I created something I was happy with. When I wore it, the necklace was admired a lot and became a talking point as people couldn't guess what it was made from. This provided me the opportunity to share the story. I now design and make a wide range of jewellery from brooches and earrings, to cufflinks and keyrings. My designs are continually evolving, as I love the challenge of creating something new.
"Bedales taught me to question both how and why. It broadened my mind to think not just about school and GCSEs but the wider world and how our actions affect others and the world's limited resources. That's exactly what Coffee Pod Creations helps; the turning of discarded aluminium into original and distinctive pieces of jewellery. I have Bedales to thank for giving me the confidence to try new things, to work with my hands and develop the skills required to exhibit and sell my unique jewellery." Victoria concludes.
From recycling and reusing to re-wilding: Alana Hurd (1995-2000) noticed a missed opportunity to create hundreds of thousands of significant urban wild habitats, forever protected from development, permanently regenerating cities and towns into urban wildernesses.
"Our wildlife, pollinators and birds are facing a near apocalypse due to loss of habitat, litter and pollution and humans are suffering; both our mental and physical health, from a disconnection from nature," Alana observes.
Urban Pocket Wild-Scaping, or 'Pocket Protection' is an initiative that unites the UK population by getting people to buy and protect miles of council-owned unused patches of land across cities and towns. "The scheme is backed by environmental scientists, ecologists, wildlife experts, professional environmental researchers and global urban planners." Alana continues. "The aim is to re-wild these patches of land by working with ecologists and rewilding specialists by planting wildflowers, shrubs, plants and hedges, to transform them into havens for struggling wildlife such as small mammals (like hedgehogs) and birds, butterflies and bees."
"We have partnered with Clean Up Britain and a number of wildlife rescues and are collaborating with People's Trust For Endangered Species and some of the top 'Green Space' research academics in the UK. Everyone is welcome to join us with this practical, positive and uplifting work simply by connecting with me through my website (https://www.missionmilly.com/power-together) or joining the Facebook group (https://www.facebook.com/groups/bettertogetherpeoplepower/). You're even able to nominate your local areas for rewilding too."
It is not just students and OBs that are helping the community in becoming more environmentally friendly. Current parent, Lucy Ogilvie-Grant, has set up a clothes exchange in school, known as the G&T (Give and Take), or Bedales Freeshop. The shop enables all members of the community to donate items of clothing they no longer want or need , as well as pick up 'new' clothes for free.
Lucy was motivated to launch a project to address the environmental impact of so-called 'fast' fashion, which sees mass-market retailers rapidly produce inexpensive clothing in response to trends. She explained: "The idea came from three directions. I've often visited a community in the North of Scotland called Findhorn where they have a 'boutique', which is actually a little shed, where you can take or drop off clothes as and when you need them. I was struck by the lovely sentiment of 'the gift' of the clothes with no strings attached. Secondly, I was inspired by Mark Boyle, a writer and jounralist who became known as 'The Moneyless Man' after he documented his year of living without money of any kind. He was instrumental in setting up the community, The Freeconomy which is centred around sharing – not bartering or buying. Lastly, I was surprised to see how vulnerable my children were in being defined as consumers. I thought the Freeshop could take away some of the negative elements associated with fashion."
Recent research published by Oxfam revealed that buying just one new white cotton shirt produces the same emissions as driving a car for 35 miles – and the emissions from all the new clothes bought in the UK each month are greater than those from flying a plane around the world 900 times.
Bedales students were challenged to 'make do and mend' and avoid buying brand new items of clothing, with three end points: half term on 23 October, the Whole School Dance on 28 November, and Christmas Day. Instead, they have been encouraged to pick up second-hand items of clothing at the Freeshop or charity shops in Petersfield.
"The first main element of the Shop is that it is concerned with items of clothing that already exist; the shop does not use energy nor materials for production when all the clothes humanity will ever need have already been made. The second is that there is no money involved; students can give what they don't need and can take what they want. Removing money means the G&T shop can become a place of community that doesn't rely on commercialism; where the sustainable free flow of clothing symbolizes trust between those who visit." commented Aidan Hall, 6.2.
"From my perspective, the shop has gained a huge amount of respect from the school community," continues Aidan. "The large crowds seen in the shops and pouring out of it, clad in faux fur and denim, certainly point towards its popularity. By continuing to provide this regular interaction with sustainability, students can burst out of the 'Bedales Bubble' with a more informed and wider perspective on fashion in our society."
The same week the shop opened its doors, was also the time the school received three refurbished Elephant Bikes, to provide a new environmentally friendly transport for Bedales students and staff. Elephant bikes are old Royal Mail postal bikes which have been repaired by prison inmates, allowing them to also gain their Cytech qualification. For every Elephant bike sold in the UK, a second bike is donated to its social enterprise based in Malawi, where owning a bike means individuals can secure work, generate an income and access an education.
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