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September 4, 2018 FinTech and Alternative Finance, Fintech International, Innovation and Resources No comments
How Fintech Is Transforming Microfinance
Wharton Knowledge - Social Impact | Aug 30, 2018
Opportunity International, a Chicago-based nonprofit, believes that the path out of extreme poverty for many people around the world lies in entrepreneurship. It provides access to microloans to the very poor as well as financial expertise to help them run their small enterprises. Founded in 1971, the organization operates in 22 countries. Its network comprises 48 organizations, 39 of which are microfinance institutions. It also focuses on what it calls EduFinance — harnessing private-sector finance to improve the quality of education in developing countries.
Robert Dunn, Opportunity's global executive director, spoke with Knowledge@Wharton about the nonprofit's journey so far, its future plans and how fintech is dramatically changing the way microfinance operates, among other issues.
Following is an edited transcript of the conversation.
Knowledge@Wharton: Microfinance has been around at least since the 1970s. But often, it is not well understood. Could you explain what it means and how it has evolved in recent years?
Robert Dunn: Microfinance is usually thought of as microcredit. When people say microfinance, many think of it as a small loan, often to a woman. In Asia, where I've spent a lot of time recently, the way this works is that a number of women co-guarantee each other's small loans. We're talking about loans of around $200 to $300 to set up or to grow a small business. This loan is repaid over, say, six to 12 months. Typically, around five women cross-guarantee each other's loans.
See: Fintech As a Pathway to Financial Inclusion? The Case of China
This model has worked well for a number of decades in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. It has its roots in Grameen Bank [founded in Bangladesh by Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus]. But many others also invented that model around the same time that Muhammad Yunus did, including the founders of Opportunity International. In more recent times, the model has changed because of the availability of digital tools. Mobile phones, in particular, are making a big difference in the way microfinance products, not just credit, but access to remittances, savings, insurance and pensions, are able to be distributed. And that is dramatically changing the way microfinance is operating and who is doing the microfinance.
"The concept of fintech is very exciting, particularly in respect to credit scoring and figuring out what products are needed by different people."
Knowledge@Wharton: How big is the market now and which parts of the market are evolving the fastest?
Dunn: It's a multi-billion dollar market and it's evolving fast in developing countries across the world. Latin America and southern Asia are particularly fast growing areas. There's been tremendous growth in mobile banking in sub-Saharan Africa also in recent years. Microfinance was started by people who were focused on helping people out of poverty but now it is mainly run by commercial players. Most players now are focused on providing financial services to what's often called the "bottom of the pyramid." That doesn't mean that there aren't socially focused players in the market. Opportunity International is one of them. We focus more on marginalized people, people who are left behind, and we make sure that the excluded have access to responsible financial services.
Knowledge@Wharton: What impact has financial technology or fintech had on microfinance?
Dunn: The World Bank recently released a report on the state of financial inclusion. In the past three years there's been tremendous growth in access to financial services, particularly in India, which has been the fastest growing area. By and large this [increase in access] is being driven by government policy and that's been the case in India also. The Indian government has decided that everyone should have access to banking and it has put in place mechanisms to make that happen. But this doesn't mean that people are actively using these facilities.
See: The digital transformation of learning: Social, informal, self-service, and enjoyable
In countries like India, for instance, there are a lot of people with bank accounts but not many people use them. But that has been the biggest change in financial inclusion — giving people access to financial services. Through bank agent networks people can now operate bank accounts through cell phones. You don't need smart phones; you can do this even with feature phones. All you need is access to an agent network and a cell phone. The bank agent network has been the fastest growing development in microfinance in the last five years.
The concept of fintech is very exciting, particularly with respect to credit scoring and figuring out what products are needed by different people. But it is at an early stage. The exciting development, I believe, will be the use of credit scoring algorithms based on social media footprints for lending to small- and medium-size businesses. This is not microfinance as we [typically] think of it, with $100 loans or $1,000 loans. It is about approaching the "missing middle" — people who are employing other people but can't get access to finance.
Knowledge@Wharton: How is your strategy evolving in response to this transformation in the competitive dynamic that you just described?
Dunn: Our strategy is to move from a narrow focus to a broader focus. We focus on specific target client groups, look at what is their pathway out of poverty, what are the blockers on that pathway and what can we do about it.
Ten years ago, Opportunity was more into microfinance products. We raised money from donations in countries like the U.S., Canada, Australia, the U.K., and Germany and we had a limited set of products that we would apply that money for. We would also raise money to fund small loans. We have a broader approach now. Instead of only working through a microfinance solution, we look at all solutions that are needed for a family to move out of poverty. Our aim is not to be the provider of all the solutions. We partner with other specialist providers.
In northern rural India, for example, we partner with health providers and organizations that build toilets and provide access to clean water because that's a major issue for people in these areas. It's no good having a small business if you can't operate your business because of sanitation-related health issues.
Another problem is access to good schools. We often tell the story that a microfinance client is doing a particular activity in order to educate her children, especially her daughters. But if there are no good schools around, if there is no good education service being provided, then that's a problem. We try to solve that issue. So we are partnering with different types of organizations, education providers, health providers, water and sanitation providers. We are looking to not only raise donations, but working on how we can raise impact investment funds to help finance this.
See: Crowdfunding the Canadian Knowledge Economy
Opportunity doesn't finance small loans. We provide technical experience to financial institutions like microfinance organizations to help them become stronger so that they can provide these services, which is a much more leveraged approach. Sometimes we put equity into these businesses in order to strengthen them so that they can grow their operations.
Knowledge@Wharton: What led you to focus on educational finance? What's the nature of the market need and how did you develop your approach to serve that need?
"Educating children is an important circuit breaker to the continual cycles of poverty."
Dunn: There's a lot of linkage between education and poverty, particularly with girls. The longer girls stay in school, it's less likely that they will have children early and continue in poverty and have their children continue in poverty. Opportunity International is primarily concerned with seeing people in livelihoods and jobs. And educating children is an important circuit breaker to the continual cycles of poverty.
Currently, there are around 620 million children of school age who aren't learning. Some 350 million of them are in schools, but they're not learning anything. The rest are not in schools at all. We have some alarming statistics. In India, for example, only half of grade five students in primary school or elementary school can read at a grade two standard.
Opportunity International has developed an educational finance program that has two objectives. One, help more children get into schools where they can learn. Two, help those schools become better. We do this initially through financial services, but also through educational consulting. There are two approaches in terms of financial services. One is to ensure that parents of school-aged children can afford to have them in school. This is primarily through making school-fee loans that suit the needs of the parents and their income and cash flow patterns.
Second is to provide finance to the schools so they can build classrooms or a dormitory or a toilet block or get a school bus or train teachers, and thereby become better schools.
How to create an entrepreneurial ecosystem
What we can learn from Ontario's $3 million loan to small business
Knowledge@Wharton: Do you finance initiatives focused only on children? Or, do you also try to educate grassroots entrepreneurs?
Dunn: In the area of education, we focus only on primary schools and high schools and children in this age group. But in our microfinance services, there are financial literacy training programs and other training programs for adults.
Knowledge@Wharton: How do you measure impact in the educational finance space? More importantly, what have you been able to achieve and what are your goals for the future?
Dunn: Our approach of assisting a financial institution to make the school-fee loans and the school-improvement loans requires them, and also the schools that they are funding, to report to us. So we keep abreast of the progress, not only of the schools but of the loan products as well.
We have made around 5,400 school-improvement loans totaling approximately $62 million. This has impacted around 1.3 million students. This program has largely been in Africa, but it's now in Latin America and Asia as well. Similarly, there have been 180,000 school-fee loans totally around $48 million. This has impacted about 560,000 children.
"Since our main focus is to get children to learn, the impact has to be around the quality of education being provided."
Since our main focus is to get children to learn, the impact has to be around the quality of education being provided. We have developed a program with global education experts whereby we can assess and also help the schools assess the quality of their education. This program looks at 31 characteristics of a school like its curriculum, discipline, facilities and so on. There are five levels of performance from the most basic to the most advanced. For each of these 31 characteristics, we have a pathway and the tools to help the schools move to the next level.
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Guest Post | Jan 27 2023 Starting a business in the Asian market can be an exciting and rewarding experience. With its vast population, diverse cultures, and growing consumer demand, there are huge opportunities for entrepreneurs to gain success in this region. However, it is important to understand the unique challenges that come with doing business in Asia. From navigating cultural differences to developing effective marketing strategies for local consumers, establishing a successful small business requires careful planning and execution. Popular Asian cities to start a business Whether you're looking for a vibrant culture and nightlife or a more traditional setting with lower overhead costs, there is something for everyone in this vast region. These are some Asian cities which are always popular with both entrepreneurs and big companies for you to consider when planning a breach to the Asian market. Hong Kong – The Gateway to Asia's Markets Hong Kong is a top destination for entrepreneurs from around the world. The city boasts low business and corporate taxes, easy-to-navigate government regulations, pro-business banking and financing laws, and strong infrastructure to support businesses of all sizes. Starting a business in Hong Kong is relatively easy and straightforward. All new businesses ...
Guest Post | Jan 27, 2023 When preparing for your child's future, everyone wants the best for them. However, planning for a healthy financial future doesn't always come as naturally. Fortunately, there are some simple guiding principles that can help you create a savvy savings plan for your little one's benefit in the long term. Here are just a few of the top ways to save money for your child's future: Open a Savings Account This will give you an easy way to store and track all the money you save in one place. Many banks offer special accounts for children, including bonus rates and other incentives. Banks also offer online banking options, and it's easier than ever to keep an eye on how much you're saving and how it's growing over time. You will also be able to review your budget and adjust as needed. This will ensure you are constantly optimizing your savings. Savings accounts are also a great way to teach kids about financial responsibility and the importance of saving for the future. Set Up Automatic Transfers If you want to ensure that you consistently contribute to your child's savings, consider setting up automatic transfers from your ...
Coindesk | David Z. Morris | Jan 25, 2023 Global inflation is at a turning point. Here's what that could mean for crypto's nascent turnaround 2023 crypto bounce: Blue-chip crypto assets including bitcoin (BTC) and ether (ETH) have had a very nice 2023 so far, with BTC up roughly 36% since the New Year and ETH up close to 30%. There's growing reason to think that "the bottom is in" for crypto markets, and some macroeconomic data suggests this year will be much brighter for the sector than 2022 See: Are Markets Moving Towards a Crypto Fiduciary + Caveat Emptor Standard? Why? [arguably] the crypto bottom could be in since bad actors and the consequences of their contagion-spreading leverage plays have been flushed out. Certainly on an emotional level, getting rid of the likes of Alex Mashinsky, Do Kwon, Three Arrows Capital and Sam Bankman-Fried feels like the chance for a new beginning. While getting rid of scammers should mean we've cleared some major downside tail risks, it hardly amounts to grounds for a new crypto bull market. Instead, what will matter most over the next year are macroeconomic conditions, particularly the impact of inflation and interest rates on crypto ...
NFX | Gigi Levy-Weiss | Jan 26, 2023 An overlooked key to growth: How well you transition from Founder to CEO determines how your company scales. Seed stage Founders have a hand in everything: marketing, hiring, product, sales, everything. You have to early on. But when your startup starts to grow you can't – and shouldn't – keep doing it all yourself. Once you reach 30-50 people, your goal should be to build a team and mechanisms that will do "everything" so that you, the CEO, can focus on leading and managing. The deceptively simple secret: Elite CEOs build systems. Read: Culture and Diversity Leadership: Tale of Two Doors Hiring: Before we dive into systems, let's get this out of the way. Don't worry about spending too much time on hiring. Take the time you need to surround yourself with the right people[, and don't be afraid to try people out'. Wix CEO: "I cycled for 22 people before I found Omer Shai, my CMO. I hired and moved people to different things. I fired people. It was around 22 people that they hired within about a year and a half…When I got to Omer after a few weeks, it ...
Tristram Waye for Bitvo | Jan 26, 2023 Crypto blew up, governments cracked down, regulation forthcoming? We are now in a place where awareness has to be exercised in places where trust was once taken for granted. And that means embracing two principles from the Middle Ages. These are caveat emptor and the fiduciary standard. Caveat emptor: The word caveat emptor means buyer beware in Latin. The idea is that the buyer is responsible for assessing whatever it is that they are buying. Its origins date back to the open markets of the 16th century. In developed countries, the concept has moved from buyer to seller beware. Numerous consumer protection laws have been enacted to lift the burden from the buyer and shift it to the seller. In general, there are numerous remedies for established consumer products. See: How Important is KYC for crypto transactions? But for speculative, largely unregulated assets like crypto, caveat emptor is still highly relevant. Keep in mind that in contrast with venture capital, crypto secondary markets are a massive benefit. As William Janeway said about venture capital, cash and control are key elements in VC. Meaning that if the project goes sideways, you can't sell ...
How to Buy Stocks: A Beginner's Guide
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FIS Report: Embedded Finance, Web3 and ESG Lead 2023 Fintech Investment Focus
FIS Release | Kim Snider | Jan 24, 2023 A global study of 2,000 executives at firms across markets revealed plans to increase investment in embedded finance, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) frameworks, and decentralized finance in 2023, including cautious optimism towards cryptocurrency. Inaugural research by FIS 2023 Global Innovation Report asked c-suite and senior executives in financial services (banks, insurers, capital markets firms, and fintechs) and non-financial businesses (retail, restaurants, travel, gaming and digital content, and technology providers) globally about their key areas of financial investment in 2023. 4% of financial services firms' executives across the globe say they will invest significantly in developing embedded finance products in 2023 as consumers demand more convenient ways to pay, bank and invest. Nearly two-thirds (61%) of all non-financial services executives told FIS it will be strategically important to have a presence in the metaverse in the next three years. See: Deloitte 2023 Sustainability Report: Most Organizations Have Increased Investment but Tough to Move the Needle FT Partners Jan 2023 Blockchain and Crypto Market Update Report ESG is top of mind for financial services firms globally, with 60% of executives saying they are developing new ESG products and services. Nearly one-third (29%) ...
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News Guards
Home Misc A Regional Council in New Zealand Proposes a Cat-aclysmal Plan
A Regional Council in New Zealand Proposes a Cat-aclysmal Plan
Building on a nationwide initiative to eradicate all introduced species by 2050, the South Island Council in New Zealand has now proposed to ban all domestic cats in the region.
William Armstrong
New Zealand's South Island Council has proposed banning all domesticated cats
Tucked away in an isolated corner of the world, New Zealand is home to 20 unique species of animals and birds, including the iconic Kiwi. The ground-dwelling, flightless bird has faced a constant threat from non-native species. Its population, decreasing at a rate of 20 per week, has now reached a number less than 70,000. As a matter of fact, introduced species kill more than 25 million native New Zealand birds each year, hurting the economy by $2.3 billion annually. This has prompted the New Zealand government to announce an ambitious "world-first" project, which aims to wipe out introduced species of rats, stoats, and possums to make the nation predator-free by 2050. A regional council in South New Zealand has decided to build upon the project, calling for the ban of all domesticated cats in the region in an attempt to protect native animals.
The proposal was undertaken by the South Island Council as a part of its Pest Management Plan. According to the proposed plan, all domesticated cats in the Omaui region are to be neutered, microchipped, and registered with Environment Southland. Once a domesticated cat dies, residents will not be permitted to have another one. The Council has hopes to witness responsible pet ownership, reminding the owners that the region isn't the place for cats. Cats have come under the spotlight for their penchant to target native birds. The Environmental Southland is especially concerned over Bengal Cats. They have shown a tendency to breed with existing wild feral cats to create a breed of efficient predator, posing threat to the endemic species.
First introduced by European immigrants in the 1800s, the population of domestic cats have surged to 1.4 million, in a country inhabited by 5 million people. Ali Meade, the Council's biosecurity operations manager, has said, "There are cats getting into the native bush; they're preying on native birds, they're taking insects, they're taking reptiles – they're doing quite a bit of damage." In fact, six native bird species, including the Lyall's Wren, have become extinct due to repeated attacks by feral cats.
The proposal has received significant backlash from feline lovers in the region. Nico Jarvis, an Omaui resident, demonstrated shock and genuine concern against the plan. She said her three cats were the only way to fight against the massive rodent problem in the area. "If I cannot have a cat, it almost becomes unhealthy for me to live in my house," she said. As the submissions on the Pest Management Plan is due to close at the end of October 2018, she and other cat-owing residents are nervously waiting to see if the 'cat-ban' occurs. In case it passes, they plan on signing a petition that repeals the ban.
A few regions in New Zealand has already reinstated similar rules concerning cats. Kotuku Parks, located in the Kapiti Islands, has a no-cat rule in their domain. The council of Auckland has a rule which puts down any cat caught in an "ecologically significant site" without a microchip.
Cats have long seen as a danger to ecosystems, being ranked among the 100 worst non-native invasive species in the world. The South Island Council's plan is critical in making New Zeland 'predator-free' by 2050, in hopes of saving the native species that are found in the country.
Cat-aclysmal Plan
Domesticated cats
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DNA-cutting enzymes that often form sticky ends.
A self-replicating DNA molecule used as a carrier to transmit a gene from one organism to another.
An enzyme that links short pieces of DNA into longer pieces.
DNA ligase
An enzyme that links nucleotides to form DNA.
ii. Probably the most common vector used in genetic engineering.
Plasmid
The reshuffling of genes between two DNA molecules forms DNA of this type.
The kind of DNA synthesized by using mRNA as a template.
DNA exchange between cells in this process uses polyethylene glycol to improve efficiency.
Protoplast fusion
Short segments of single-stranded DNA used to recognize a DNA sequence in a gene.
iii. In the blue/white screening procedure, the foreign DNA is in these colonies.
These stretches of DNA of eukaryotes do not code for proteins.
Sticky ends stick to each other by complementary stretches of single-stranded DNA by _________ pairing.
A collection of bacterial clones each containing a different DNA fragments is called a(n) _____________.
To isolate a fragment of DNA containing gene, DNA fragments of clones are separated by gel electrophoresis. This is an early step in the ____________ technique for DNA analysis.
Southern blot
The procedure by which billions of copies of sequence of DNA can be made in a few hours is called ___________ reaction.
polymerase chain
The most elegant way of introducing recombinant DNA into a plant cell is by means of ___________ plasmid, carried naturally by Agrobacterium tumafaciens.
The goal of the Human Proteome Project is to identify all the _________ produced by human cells.
The full term is restriction fragment length __________.
polymorphisms
___________ is the science of determining all the proteins expressed in a cell.
In Southern blotting, the gene fragments are called __________ fragment length ________.
restriction, polymorphisms
In the acronym RISC, the letters stand for RNA-induced __________.
silencing, complex


The theater season just ended was not a bad one for new plays, but it was certainly a disappointing one for Tony nominees. Although playwrights including Neil Simon, Herb Gardner and Alan Ayckbourn all currently have shows running on Broadway, none garnered best play nominations.
Instead, two of the nominations went to shows that closed prematurely -- John Guare's "Four Baboons Adoring the Sun" and Richard Nelson's "Two Shakespearean Actors." Needless to say, most Tony voters probably didn't see them, making their chances slim.
Instead, the race will be between Irish playwright Brian Friel's "Dancing at Lughnasa" and August Wilson's "Two Trains Running."
The front-runner looks to be "Lughnasa," a memory play about a boy growing up in rural County Donegal, where he was raised by his unmarried mother and her four unmarried sisters. The title refers to a pagan harvest celebration, and the infectious dance the sisters perform just may buoy voters' spirits high enough to ++ put the play over the top.
"Two Trains" is set in the 1960s, but the Civil Rights struggle is almost peripheral to the action, which takes place in a Pittsburgh diner. Seen during its pre-Broadway run at Washington's Kennedy Center last fall, "Two Trains" was paced more like a horse and wagon than a locomotive, but its rich dialogue and aria-like monologues once again show why Wilson is rightly considered one of the leading playwrights in the country.
Interestingly enough, although "Dancing at Lughnasa" celebrates Irish heritage and "Two Trains" celebrates black heritage, both plays celebrate the importance of acknowledging the past. It is a homage to the past that bears decided similarities to the retro trend exhibited in most of this season's best musical nominees. But unlike the musicals, little new ground is being broken here.
Perhaps musicals are sufficiently identified with Broadway to get away with a little experimentation here and there. But more and more it seems that off-Broadway and the regional theaters are the only hospitable venues for playwrights willing to take a stab at the new and different.


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The course is designed to help people grasp the values of Hope Church and to find their place with us. You'll hear from Hope's leaders about their heart for the church, and get the chance to ask questions and grow in friendship with others that are new to Hope.
These informal evenings happen over a two course meal, are a lot of fun and a great inspiration as we're reminded of God's eternal purposes.


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5 Strongest & Annoying Hero Tanks in Mobile Legends
Tank is a role that has a very thick HP and is able to withstand enemy damage. This role is used as a protector on the front line. However, the tank hero has a drawback, namely the damage is small, so players are often reluctant to use it because of these shortcomings.
The presence of tanks in the team has a very vital role and is able to become the key to the success of the game. Well, this time Gamelmit has summarized the 5 strongest and also annoying tank heroes in this season which are often used and banned.
• Johnson
Johnson is the first tank hero who is often banned because of his ultimate skill ability that can crash and cause a stun effect. Johnson is often combined with other heroes so that when he hits an enemy he can die instantly.
This ability makes the players who are hit become furious and makes him a subscriber to the ban. Johnson also has a shield that will activate when his HP is below 30%, making it difficult to die.
• Minotaur
Tanks that are often called cows, bulls and even rhinos by players are tanks that have thick and hard blood. It has two different types of skills, namely ordinary and rage. Minotaur is considered a tank that is difficult to use because it must have the right timing.
However, if you can find the right timing when using the rage skill, it can make the Minotaur very annoying when he uses his ultimate rage skill because it can knock enemies in the area down and don't move up to three times.
In addition, the Minotaur can also act as a support because he can restore a teammate's cellphone using his second skill.
• Grock
Grock is a very strong tank and is difficult to kill if it is near a wall or turret thanks to his passive skill. He can also block enemies when war uses his second skill that creates a wall to block the enemy.
This skill is also often used by its players in combination with using its ultimate skill that causes a knock up. This is what makes Grock's hero annoying because besides being difficult to kill thanks to his passive skill, it can also block the way.
• Akai
The panda with a round stomach is the next annoying and strong tank. He can divide enemies that have been neatly arranged during war just by using his ultimate skill that rotates like gangsing.
When using his ultimate skill, Akai will be immune from all CC attacks and cause a knock back effect on the hero who hits him. A hero who is locked by Akai when using his ultimate can't move at all so it's easily killed by the hero who supports him.
This is what makes Akai annoying and sometimes becomes a tank that gets banned.
• Franco
Franco is a tank hero who sucks, not only because of his ultimate skill, but also because of his ability to attract enemies.
If the first and ultimate skills are used correctly, they can kill enemies easily, especially if you pull them into the tower, you can imagine the fate of the drawn hero.
In addition, as a tank franco, he is equipped with a 1% HP regen ability per second if he is outside of combat.
Well, those are the 5 strongest and annoying tank heroes that are often picked this season, actually all tank heroes are annoying because they are equipped with their own special abilities.
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Stefan Żeromski (ejtsd: Sztefan Zseromszki [stefan ʒeromski]), (Strawczyn, 1864. október 14. – Varsó, 1925. november 21.) lengyel prózaíró, publicista, drámaíró. Ahogy a kortársak nevezték: "a lengyel irodalom lelkiismerete". A Lengyel PEN Club alapítója és első elnöke, szabadkőműves. Maurycy Zych, Józef Katerla és Stefan Iksmoreż álnéven is publikált.

Gyermek- és ifjúkora
Stefan Żeromski elszegényedett nemesi családban született az akkor orosz fennhatóság alatt álló Lengyelországban. Édesapja a Jelita nembéli Wincenty Żeromski, édesanyja Józefa Katerla.

A Szentkereszt hegységben, Ciekotyban nevelkedett. Apja a szabadságharcban küzdő lengyeleket támogatta, anyai unokatestvére, Gustaw Saski (1846–1863) a Czarnca melletti csatában esett el. Stefan Żeromskit közismerten úgy említi az utókor mint a januári felkelés utószülöttét. Az apa még a felkelést megelőzően elveszítette birtokait, és hogy eltartsa családját, haszonbérlő lett. Żeromski 1879-ben veszítette el édesanyját, apja 1883-ban halt meg.

1873-ban a tízéves Stefan egy évig Psaryban járt elemi iskolába. 1874-ben Kielcében, az Állami Fiúgimnáziumban kezdte meg tanulmányait. Ebből a korszakból származnak első irodalmi próbálkozásai – versek, színdarabok, fordítások az orosz irodalomból.

1882-ben debütált a "Tygodnik Mód i Powieści" 27. számában egy Lermontov verssel valamint a "Przyjaciel Dzieci" lapjain A földműves éneke (Piosenka rolnika) című verssel. Ekkoriban kezdte meg Naplójának (Dzienniki) írását, amit huszonhét esztendős koráig folytatott. Az anyagi gondok és a kezdődő tüdőbaj miatt a gimnáziumot 1886-ban érettségi nélkül fejezte be.

Még ugyanebben az esztendőben tanulmányokat kezdett az Állatorvosi Intézetben Varsóban (ehhez az iskolához nem volt követelmény az érettségi). Itt ismerkedett meg a szocialista mozgalommal, egyebek között részt vett a földalatti munkás és iparos művelődési akcióban. Varsóban megpróbált írásaiból megélni. Első elbeszélései a nyolcvanas évek végén jelentek meg a Głos és a Tygodnik Powszechny lapjain.

Századforduló és forradalom
1889-ben anyagi okokból otthagyta tanulmányait és vidéken, földbirtokos családoknál vállalt házitanítói állást egyebek között Łysówban (Siedlce környékén), majd Nałęczówban, a "divatos üdülőhelyen", amelynek rendszeres vendége volt többek között Bolesław Prus és Henryk Sienkiewicz is. Itt ismerte meg a fiatal özvegyet, Oktawia Radziwiłłowicz Rodkiewiczowát. 1892-ben rövid ideig megfordult Zürichben, Bécsben, Prágában és Krakkóban. Ez év őszén vette el Oktawiát. Feleségével és annak első házasságából származó lányával együtt költözött Svájcba, ahol helyettes könyvtárosi állást vállalt a Rapperswili Lengyel Nemzeti Múzeumban. Ott írta meg 1896-ban a Sziszifuszi munkák (Syzyfowe prace) című regényét.

1897-ben visszatért Lengyelországba és Varsóban, a Zamoyskiak Hitbizományi Könyvtárában dolgozott segédkönyvtárosként egészen 1904-ig. 1897-ben jelent meg a Sziszifuszi munkák, ami meghozta írójának a népszerűséget. Az 1895–98-as években jelentek meg Żeromski összegyűjtött novellái. Egészsége megőrzése végett évente Zakopanéba, 1902-ben Olaszországba utazott.

1899-ben született fia, Adam. Ugyanebben az évben jelent meg a Hontalanok (Ludzie bezdomni). 1904-ben látott napvilágot a Hamvak (Popioły). Ebben az eposzi áradású nagy regényben a Napóleon-kor Európájában harcoló légiók "mozgó Lengyelországáról" ír, a Kościuszko-felkelés utáni nemzet reményeiről és csalódásairól mutat be széles panorámát. A könyv kiadói sikere tette lehetővé a család számára, hogy majdnem egy évre Zakopanéba költözzenek. Żeromski csak 1904-től tudta teljesen az írásnak szentelni magát.

1905-től, amikor kitört a forradalom az orosz fennhatóság alatti Lengyel Királyságban, visszatért Nałęczówba, ahol a helyi értelmiség demokratikus és szocialista irányultságú tagjaival hazafias társadalmi munkába fogott. Kezdeményezője volt a Népfőiskola (Uniwersytet Ludowy) megalapításának, továbbképző tanfolyamokat szervezett az ipari iskolai tanulóknak, lakása menhely és földalatti iskola volt. Társalapítója volt a varsói Közkönyvtári Társaságnak. Több ízben utazott Olaszországba (Milánó, Firenze, Róma, Velence, Nápoly, Capri).

Ekkor írta Maurycy Zych álnéven az Erdei visszhangok (Echa leśne) című elbeszélést, amelyben a januári felkelésnek állított emléket. Az 1905-7-es forradalmi mozgalomnak szentelte néhány művét, egyebek között az Álom a tőrről (Sen o szpazie), a Csupasz kövezet (Nagi bruk) és a Nocturno (Nokturn) című novellákat, valamint a Józef Katerla álnéven Krakkóban kiadott A rózsa (Róża) című színdarabot.

A forradalom bukását követő morális depresszió hatása alatt keletkezett a sok vitát kiváltó, naturalista vonásokat viselő, moralista-társadalmi regénye, a Bűn története (Dzieje grzechu), s ehhez a korszakhoz köthető legszebb írása az 1863. évi tragédiáról, a Hű folyó (Wierna rzeka) című regény.

1908 végén rendőri nyomásra elhagyta a Királyságot, egy évet töltött Zakopanéban és Krakkóban. 1909 végén három évre Párizsba költözött családjával együtt. Visszatérte után Zakopanéban tevékenyen részt vett a kulturális életben, támogatta a függetlenségi mozgalmat.

Az újjászületett Lengyelország írófejedelme
1913-ban új családot alapított. Második felesége Anna Zawadzka festőművész, akivel Firenzébe utaztak. Ebben az évben született meg leányuk, Monika.

A világháború kitörésekor Stefan Żeromski a Magas Tátrából Krakkóba sietett, ahol jelentkezett a Lengyel Légiókba, de a frontra nem jutott ki. Krakkó evakuálása után visszatért Zakopanéba. Részt vett a krakkói Nemzeti Bizottság filiájaként működő Zakopanei Főbizottság munkájában. A központi hatalmak iránti ellenszenve miatt eltávolodott Józef Piłsudski táborától. 1918. október 30. és november 16. között a Zakopanei Köztársaság elnöke volt. Ugyanebben az évben halt meg a nałęczówi házban tizenkilenc éves fia, Adam.

1919 őszén Żeromski Varsóban telepedett le. Tevékeny részt vállalt az újjászületett Lengyelország irodalmi életében, 1920-tól a Lengyel Írók Szakszervezetének (Związek Zawodowy Literatów Polskich) kezdeményezője és első elnöke volt, részt vett a warmiai és mazóviai népszavazásban. 1920-ban a Varsó melletti Konstancinban vásárolt házat (Willa Świt),

1920 nyarát még a tengermelléki Gdynia-Orłowo üdülőhelyen töltötte. A lengyel–szovjet háború idején haditudósítóként szolgált a fronton. Itt született a wyszkówi plébánián Na probostwie w Wyszkowie című riportja, amelyben a lengyel származású bolsevik komisszárokat árulónak nevezte. Az írás a Lengyel Népköztársaság korában tilalmi listán volt, csak szamizdatként, az 1981. december 13-án bevezetett hadiállapot idején jelent meg.

1924-ben Nobel-díjra jelölték, de a Tengeri szél (Wiatr od morza) megjelenése miatti német ellenállás következtében elvesztette esélyét, bár a regényért a lengyel államtól irodalmi díjat kapott. Széles körű vitát váltott ki az életművét mintegy összefoglaló regény, a Koratavasz '(Przedwiośnie), amelyben a függetlenné vált ország társadalmi problémáit, a nemzetre leselkedő veszélyeket tárta fel kíméletlen őszinteséggel.

1924-ben érdemei elismeréseként a köztársasági elnöktől a varsói királyi palota épületében kapott lakást.

Stefan Żeromski 1925. november 20-án halt meg Varsóban, a Powązki temetőben nyugszik. 1928-ban az író emlékére múzeumot nyitottak meg Nałęczówban.

 Stílusa
Żeromski írásaiban tudatosan alkalmazta a naturalizmus elemeit. A felkelésről, háborúkról, a társadalom visszásságairól szóló képeiben nem óvta olvasóit a kíméletlen ábrázolásmódtól. A jó és a rossz örök küzdelme, az anyagi és szellemi nincstelenség miatti felelősségérzet által vezérelt hősei romantikus szenvedéllyel igyekeznek elérni a pozitivizmus társadalmi törekvéseit, vitézi önfeláldozással végezni az organikus munkát.

Prózája csupa líra: tájai emberi érzésekről szólnak, átélt szenvedéllyel ábrázolja a női lélek útvesztőit, hazafias hévvel küzdő hősei balladai mélységet idéznek, csatajeleneteit nem a hegytetőről szemléli, hanem egyenesen a ló tajtékos nyaka mellől. Drámái időnként átcsapnak epikába, regényei olykor a prózaköltemény műfajába kívánkoznak. A kis formák nagy mestere volt, az erény és a gyalázat, a szép és a rút legnagyobb kontrasztját a legtömörebb formában, elbeszéléseiben alkotta.

 Politikai nézetei

A megkésett polgári átalakulásban, idegen elnyomásban és az iparosodás terheit viselő országban központi szerephez jutott gondolkodásában a szegénység, a társadalmi különbségek témaköre. Az 1905-ös forradalom idején Żeromski a Lengyel Szocialista Párttal szimpatizált. Nézetei alakulásában meghatározó szereppel bírt Edward Abramowski, a szövetkezeti mozgalom teoretikusa, valamint a francia szindikalisták, Georges Sorel és Édouard Dufour.

Világosan látta, hogy a modern társadalom egyre nehezebben megoldható feladatok elé állítja a hagyományos erkölcsi értékek, a vallás követőit, jóllehet ezeket el nem vetette. Katolikus létére a varsói evangélikus-református temetőben nyugszik, de vitatott, hogy valóban áttért-e, vagy csak a második házassága miatti látszat indokolta ezt.

A világháború idején ugyan nem volt híve a német orientációnak, de az orosz forradalomban is inkább az értelmetlen öldöklést, a szabad rablást, az emberi értékek semmibe vételét látta, mintsem a társadalmi problémák megoldását. A Koratavasz (Przedwiośnie) végén a két főszereplő személyében szinte önmagával vitázik s bár a szovjet mintát elveti, határozott, bátor cselekvést sürget a fiatal állam társadalmának rendbetételére.

 Művei
Novellák
 Elbeszélések (Opowiadania, 1895) – Zapomnienie, Doktor Piotr, Cokolwiek się zdarzy..., Ananke, Zmierzch, Złe przeczucie, Po Sedanie, Pokusa, Siłaczka, Oko za oko, Niedziela, Z dziennika Szétszaggatnak hollók, varjak (Rozdzióbią nas kruki, wrony, elbeszélések, 1895) – Rozdzióbią nas kruki, wrony,''' Mogiła, Źródło, W sidłach niedoli, Poganin, Do swego Boga
 Erdei visszhangok (Echa leśne, 1905)
 Álom a tőrről (Sen o szpadzie, 1905)
 Csupasz kövezet (Nagi bruk, 1906)
 A Visztula (Wisła, prózai költemény, 1918)
 A wyszkówi plébánián (Na probostwie w Wyszkowie, 1920) – ford. Petneki Noémi, in Huszadik századi lengyel novellák – Modern Dekameron, szerk. Pálfalvi Lajos; Noran, Bp., 2007

Regények
 Sziszifuszi munkák (Syzyfowe prace, 1897)
 Prózai művek (Utwory powieściowe, 1898): O żołnierzu tułaczu,Tabu, Cienie, Kara, Legenda o bracie leśnym, Promień
 Hontalanok (Ludzie bezdomni, 1899)
 Hamvak, (Popioły, 1904)
 Powieść o Udałym Walgierzu (1905)
 Csupasz kövezet (Nagi bruk, 1906)
 Nocturno (Nokturn, 1907)
 A bűn története (Dzieje grzechu, 1908)
 A hű folyó (Wierna rzeka, 1912)
 Az élet szépsége (Uroda życia, 1912)
 Harc a sátánnal – trilógia (Walka z szatanem, 1916–19): Nawracanie Judasza / Zamieć / Charitas
 Tengeri szél (Wiatr od morza, 1922)
 Koratavasz (Przedwiośnie, 1924)
 Fenyőrengeteg (Puszcza Jodłowa, prózai költemény, 1925)

Drámák
 Rege a fővezérről (Duma o hetmanie, 1908)
 A rózsa (Róża, 1909)
 Sułkowski (1910)
 Turoń (1923)
 Megszökött a fürjecském (Uciekła mi przepióreczka, 1924)

Magyarul kiadott művei
Zeromszky Istvánː A bosszúálló. Regény; ford. Deréki Antal; Globus, Bp., 1915 (Koronás regénytár)
Hontalanok. Regény; ford. Mészáros István, Baternay Béla, bev. Zofia Stefansowka; Szépirodalmi, Bp., 1951
A hű folyó. Regény; ford. Mészáros István, utószó Kovács Endre; Új Magyar Kiadó, Bp., 1955
Hollók és varjak tépnek mindket; ford. S. Papp Éva; in Ciechanówi üzenet – Kaposvár, 1986
A wyszkówi plébánián. Novella; ford. Petneki Noémi; in Huszadik századi lengyel novellák – Modern Dekameron, szerk. Pálfalvi Lajos; Noran, Bp., 2007
Erdei visszhangok. Novella; ford. ifj. Béri Géza; in Búvópatak, 2011. március
Szétszaggatnak hollók, varjak. Novella; ford. ifj. Béri Géza; in Búvópatak, 2013. november
Ahriman bosszút áll. Novella; ford. ifj. Béri Géza; in Búvópatak, 2018. január-február
Ananké. Novella; ford. ifj. Béri Géza; in szozat.org, 2018. március
Koratavasz. Regény; ford. ifj. Béri Géza, előszó Kovács István; Magyar Napló, Bp., 2019
Sziszifuszi munkák. Regény; ford., utószó ifj. Béri Géza; Magyar Napló, Bp., 2022

Műveiből készült filmek
 Dzieje grzechu (1911) – (R.: Antoni Bednarczyk – Fsz.: Maria Mirska, Teodor Roland, Stanisław Knake-Zawadzki, Wojciech Brydziński)
 Rok 1863 (A Wierna rzeka alapján – 1922) – (R.: Edward Puchalski – Fsz.: Ryszard Sobiszewski, Maria Hryniewicz, Kazimierz Lasocki, Henryk Rydzewski)
 Przedwiośnie (1928) – (R.: Henryk Szaro – Fsz.: Zbigniew Sawan, Stefan Jaracz, Tekla Trapszo, Maria Gorczyńska)
 Wiatr od morza (1930) – az utolsó lengyel némafilm (R.: Kazimierz Czyński – Fsz.: Maria Malicka, Adam Brodzisz, Eugeniusz Bodo)
 Róża (1936) – (R.: Józef Lejtes – Fsz.: Mieczysław Cybulski, Witold Zacharewicz, Irena Eichlerówna)
 Popioły (Hamvak) (1965) – magyar címe: A légió(R.: Andrzej Wajda – Fsz.: Daniel Olbrychski, Bogusław Kierc, Piotr Wysocki, Beata Tyszkiewicz, Pola Raksa, Władysław Hańcza, Jan Świderski)
 Doktor Judym (A Ludzie bezdomni alapján – 1975) – (R.: Włodzimierz Haupe – Fsz.: Jan Englert, Anna Nehrebecka)
 Dzieje grzechu (1975) – A bűn története (R.: Walerian Borowczyk – Fsz.: Grażyna Długołęcka, Jerzy Zelnik, Olgierd Łukaszewicz)
 Wierna rzeka (1987) – (R.: Tadeusz Chmielewski – Fsz.: Małgorzata Pieczyńska, Olgierd Łukaszewicz, Franciszek Pieczka)
 Na probostwie w Wyszkowie (1999) – A wyszkówi plébánián (R.: Lucyna Smolińska, Mieczysław Sroka – Fsz.: Jan Peszek, Andrzej Żarnecki, Arkadiusz Bazak, Mariusz Bonaszewski)
 Syzyfowe prace (2000) – (R.: Paweł Komorowski – Fsz.: Łukasz Garlicki, Bartek Kasprzykowski)
 Przedwiośnie (2001) – (R.: Filip Bajon – Fsz.: Mateusz Damięcki, Krystyna Janda, Janusz Gajos, Daniel Olbrychski)

Képgaléria

Jegyzetek

Források
 Artur Hutnikiewicz: Stefan Żeromski, Warszawa : "Wiedza Powszechna", 1991
 Literatura Polska, Szerk: Julian Krzyżanowski, Czesław Hernas, PWN, 1985
 Juliusz Kleiner: Zarys dziejów literatury polskiej, Ossolineum, Wrocław, 1985
 Huszadik századi lengyel novellák, Szerk.: Pálfalvi Lajos, Noran, 2007
 Hontalanok, ford. Mészáros István, Baternay Béla) Szépirodalmi Kiadó, Budapest, 1951
 A hű folyó, ford. Mészáros István, Szépirodalmi Kiadó, Budapest, 1959

További információk
 Stefan Żeromski Múzeum Nałęczów (MuzeumStefana Żeromskiego w Nałęczowie)

1864-ben született személyek
1925-ben elhunyt személyek
Lengyel írók
Lengyel drámaírók
A Polonia Restitutia kitüntetettjei

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Here in Italy the night of August 10th is known as "la notte di San Lorenzo". On this night, you turn your eyes to the sky and look for shooting stars. Have your wishes ready and make one when you are so lucky to spot a streak of light. When I was a kid I loved getting lost in the night sky. I still find it incredibly inspiring and crazy wonderful and scary to think that we are a tiny part of a massive universe, and that there are things so much infinitely bigger and more ancient and mysterious than us out there.
Lately I don't always remember this appointment, and the shooting stars' peak has actually moved towards the 12th-13th August, but when I see the date drawing closer on the calendar, I start seeing stars everywhere and my head spins with ideas!
I wanted so badly to take some star-related pictures, and I think I went through three or four different ideas before settling on this one. Honestly, I can't remember when or how it popped to my mind, I just remember getting all the props ready, like I had always known what I was going to do. My brain is weird and sometimes works wonders by its own (thank God), especially when short on time and supplies because I was starting to feel very discouraged (I was planning a shoot with real people but the timing didn't work).
The idea is quite simple. I had some jewellery that I felt could go with the "starry" theme (the star-in-the-hoop earrings are my all time favourites and a gift from when I was in primary school), I borrowed a few models from fashion magazines and made something like a 3D collage with sequins, shiny cardboard stars and tiny gold ones and a couple of my scribbles.
I still have a ton of ideas around stars, but you gotta start somewhere, don't you, and I think this is a pretty good first attempt :) Do you have any star-related jewellery? I am on the lookout for some tiny star earring studs and a necklace. Oh, I want something with the moon, too.
Quando si avvicina la notte di San Lorenzo cominciano sempre a girarmi in testa un sacco di idee che hanno a che fare con le stelle.. Avrei voluto fare delle foto con persone vere ma tempi e disponibilità non lo permettevano (e non ho familiarità con l'autoscatto), perciò ho reclutato modelle sconosciute dalle pagine di riviste di moda (vedi alla voce "l'arte di arrangiarsi") per indossare orecchini e braccialetti che in qualche modo mi sembravano rientrare nel tema.
Qualche decina di paillettes, stelline e scatti più tardi.. Sono usciti delle specie di "collage 3D" e il risultato finale non mi dispiace affatto :) Sarete anche voi con il naso all'insù la notte di San Lorenzo (o meglio, il 12 e 13 Agosto) a caccia di stelle cadenti? Io i desideri pronti ce li ho..


Physical sciences that clarify what would otherwise be mysteries of the corporeal world.
I found this chart of the Rungus spirit world from a paper entitled Conservation as an unintended outcome of cultural practices, by Ashley Massey, Shonil Bhagwat, and Paul Porodong.
At the time I found this particular chart, it felt very rigid. My experiences didn't match up with the shape of it, so I couldn't make a similar Poesy Spirit World chart. Now I think that might have been because I had filters on those experiences that I kept switching out: anthropological theories about animism and anthropomorphism on a spectrum of personification, psychological interpretations for something that must be interfacing with my psyche (as each experience left less corporeal evidence than a corporeal experience), and a sort of instinctive mental dissection because if something beyond me wasn't happening in corporeal spacetime with energy-matter then how does it imitate or deviate from that? And if I intuited associations with these almost-sensory experiences, then why would one confer the other?
As much as I tried to notice what was happening before taking a stand for What's What in the worlds, all those interpretations would feed back on the experience. To make a chart of flowing movements, media, agents, contexts or planes where those applied…that might lock me onto one filter of something happening, that was organic, that invited multiple approaches.
I'm still comfortable with the eclectic mess, but I'm beginning to see the appeal of charting something like that again. It doesn't lock the approach any more than writing out an experience does, or making drawings of guisers. Those are not the experience, yet they refer to or serve as signifiers of the experience. But for some reason, I had considered the writing and drawing as matters of utility and creative expression, whereas something like a chart had come to represent pretensions to authority: it announces that I Know What's What and this is It.
Really, a chart can just be another way of writing and drawing. I'd managed to forget that writing can be put forward as What's What, but I never hesitated to write as long as I kept to descriptions rather than explanations, and descriptions of the abstract turn into explanations anyway. There's always going to be the glue of sense-making, the connections that make the whole thing more than its separate parts.
And there's always going to be categorization. Recently, I read about something called ethnoscience, which recognizes that people make categorizations that are useful to themselves, and that categorization has value. Ethnozoology (for one example) isn't taxonomy, but rather than be disregarded as not up to taxonomical standards, the ethnozoological categories remain worth noting for their cultural value. Categories of "large game, small game, livestock, vermin, pets, human-eating predators," can be considered ethnozoological, and prove more useful in some contexts than "kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, sub-species" of the taxonomical categories. This doesn't even mean that one or the other approach must be eliminated (or even diminished) in a culture, just that it's important to keep clear that pets aren't an order under the class livestock, that a pet in one culture can be a pest in another, and that most taxonomists can't be bothered with sub-species (breeds, races) unless they're really desperate to name something after themselves.
I keep going back to the categories that I use most often: corporeal, otherreal, surreal, sidereal. These are shortcuts for a quality of experience that I have, so I hesitate to say that they are literal otherworlds. I don't even use "sidereal" that much because I don't feel a strong conviction or justification for the definition of it, or maybe that lack of conviction-justification means that I use the word less.
When I look at a rainbow in the sky, I usually only see three colors. It stands to reason that where those colors blend would generate at least two more colors in a rainbow (four more, counting the outside edges of a rainbow band, which shouldn't count), but if I hadn't been told what to look for, my natural categorization instincts would take that there were three colors.
I should say, most English-speaking visual people who aren't colorblind, because the following chart makes a case for language shaping perception. Aqua in the Shona language is a color all its own, rather than a shade of blue or green actually blue or green would be a shade of aqua.


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just seen the new dates.they keep u guessing, dont they!!!!
Does the college mention anywhere why the date for Paper 3 in 2009(now scheduled to be in Jan) has been preponed all of a sudden?Do people think there might be a Diet 3 starting next year?
Dear bliss......you haven't read all the posts regarding the closing date for CASC was before the results of paper 3 coming out,have you?
Has anyone noticed that on the examination dates, Paper 3 will be held on 24th of February 2009 and results will be published on 26th of March. However the application for the CASC will be between 26th of January - 20th of February. If this dates will push through as it is, this means that if you passed the exam in February 2009 you won't be able to apply for CASC because by the time that you find out that I pass paper 3 then the application period is already closed. This means that the earliest time you can take the CASC is October 2009.
I have read this and other threads regarding the Paper III exam that many of you sat last month. The PTC has received lots of emails about this issue - many of which I have replied to (apologies if you are still waiting as I have not got round to them all yet).
1. The time pressure of the paper resulting from the length of the questions. This seems to be a common complaint and I will therefore raise this directly with the exams dept. Am I right in saying that this was a particular issue this sitting? I sat a pilot of Paper III last year and the questions were all fairly succinct, so if there has been a significant change this does indeed need raising.
2. The difficulty of the paper. This is harder for us to argue, but we did raise the issue earlier in the year re Paper II which resulted in some clearer guidance for candidates about what was expected. Part of the difficulty is there is currently a lack of cohesion between the exam syllabus and the curriculum. The exam dept are aware of this and a piece of work to map one onto the other is planned.
3. The 2009 exam timetable. We have already raised this with the College who have agreed to review it. I am hopeful that changes will be made to allow trainees an increased chance of progressing to ST4 in Aug 2009. It is important to keep an eye on the relevant pages of the College website and we will inform trainees of any changes via our enewsletter.
[/highlight]email address, which gets automatically forwarded to a senior PTC officer (often myself).
If I have understood the issues correctly I would appreciate a reduction in the number of emails about this specific issue - I'm sure you can imagine what it is doing to my inbox! However, I'll try to keep an eye on this forum to ensure your views are represented accurately and promptly.
I hope to feed back some positive information soon.
Chair, Psychiatric Trainees' Committee (PTC), RCPsych.


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end


While commercial vehicles such as cargo trucks and big-box delivery trucks are commonplace on Florida highways, that doesn't mean they shouldn't be held responsible for a high percentage of devastating car accidents happening more often with every passing year. When we see these large freighters, most of the time we keep driving, desensitized to their place on our busy roads. Children may even wave to drivers, fascinated by the large machinery!
It should be clear: safe driving practices are anything but child's play, and everyone's responsibility. It becomes a public safety hazard when other drivers haven't familiarized themselves with, or simply choose to ignore the rules of the road when finding themselves sharing it with a large truck.
Truck accidents are once again on the rise in large commuter cities like Miami, in South Florida where drivers are in a hurry, and trucking carriers are understaffed for the amount that needs to be hauled long distances on a deadline. This means the training for trucking operators that's necessary to ensure safety standards are being upheld can carelessly fall by the wayside.
For something so common, it's unsettling how truck accidents seem to be on the rise in places like South Florida, where most of us utilize the highway and Florida's turnpike on a regular basis. New drivers and those new to the state may be the exception to being unfamiliar with large trucks and how to safely share the road with them.
However, this article will begin to explain in detail what even the most experienced driver should be reminded of when they take to the road for school, work, or heading out for a good time at one of our beautiful Miami beaches. Truck accidents caused by drivers are on the rise in busy, populated cities like Miami, New York, and LA, where everyone is always in a hurry. No matter where we're going, we want to arrive alive and unharmed at our destination, so it's important to slow down and keep our eyes on the road.
Getting into truck driver's blind spots: most of the time these are the areas behind and on either side of the commercial truck. In these areas the driver has limited, low, or even no visibility. This type of error in judgement makes it dangerous for both the passenger vehicle and the truck driver.
Drivers who fail to slow down (or speed up!): when a truck signals its intent to change lanes or merge, we must act quickly according to what's going on around us. Trucks are very large and need ample space to maneuver safely in and out of lanes (assuming they properly signal their intent as well). Drivers in small cars should be aware of this necessity. Part of being a safe driver is keeping eyes on the road and off of distractions such as cell phones, make up, or bags of food. Something as simple as answering the phone or typing out a text can be fatal. That's why new laws, specifically in the state of Florida, have now been enacted to not only discourage but outright ban texting and driving by fining those who break the law.
Changing lanes without signaling while in front of a truck: this driving "sin" is one of the most fatal, yet also most overlooked habits drivers have on the road. Changing lanes to get in front of a truck without signaling such an intent from the proper distance away can cause accidents resulting in catastrophic injuries. Trying to force ones' way in front of a truck without properly signaling forces the truck driver to break when there may not be enough time to do so safely. This can cause damage to other cars on the road and puts else at-risk for serious car accident injuries.
Driving between trucks. This is not only a scary occurrence for many drivers but can put the driver of the smaller car in grave danger. Safe drivers know to keep with the speed limit, follow the rules of the road, and avoid any outcome of having trucks on either side of them whenever possible.
In our FMCSA and FMCSR write ups (found in our Motor Carrier Safety series), we explored at-length how truck drivers are required to maintain their trucks and uphold the rules of the road according to federal standards laid out for them by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration.
Now, let's look at several ways in which truck drivers could be found at-fault for road related accidents.
Employers that push impossible deadlines: sometimes, trucking carriers push their operators to break the law in order to meet a deadline and avoid fines or penalties for lateness. This encouragement to break the law can include overlooking regulations surrounding adequate sleep, taking away time off between shifts, and disregarding proper maintenance of the truck. Occasionally trucking carriers are so desperate to fill operator positions in order to meet deadlines, that they neglect training drivers properly for the job they're being hired to do. A truck driver's proper handling of the truck is one of, if not the most important part of their job.
Employers fail to properly train, retrain skilled drivers: safety concerns arise when employers are more concerned with the bottom line than public safety, and that of their employees. Accidents most occur when a driver hasn't met the proper training requirements to perform his or her job, or an employer is consistently hiring new drivers rather than retaining the skilled drivers that are already employed.
Whether driving a large commercial vehicle or a passenger car such as a sedan, as drivers we all need to remember that nothing is worth trying to beat the traffic by performing dangerous road maneuvers to get to our destination faster. It's never safe to answer a text or phone call, eat, or turn around to talk to the kids while handling a vehicle. Becoming angry enough to cut another driver off, resulting in road rage accidents should also be avoided. Abiding by the rules of the road, especially when sharing it with large trucks on Florida's highways should be something we all do our part to remain diligent with every day.


text:
Barbara Borst
Barbara Borst pursued a career in journalism that included a dozen years based abroad, in Nairobi, Johannesburg, Paris, and Toronto. She reported for Newsday, The Boston Globe, The Dallas Morning News, The Los Angeles Times and Inter Press Service news agency, among others. On returning to the U.S., she worked for The Associated Press in New York as an editor on the international desk and frequently reported from the United Nations.
She teaches international reporting at NYU's Journalism Institute as part of the joint master's program with International Relations. In the master's program at NYU's Center for Global Affairs, she teaches courses on refugees and internally displaced persons, democratic transitions, news media, and international affairs, children and youth in the global context, current affairs in Africa, and writing. She has led students on study trips to Tanzania, Uganda, South Africa, and Ghana.
She holds a BA in English literature from Yale University and an MA in international relations from Boston University's overseas program in Paris.
Boston University (Paris Campus)
M.A., International Relations
B.A., English Literature
Journalism & International Affairs
Refugees, Humanitarian Aid, and Development
Current Affairs in Sub-Sharan Africa
Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute, NYU
Center for Global Affairs
2007 Award for Teaching Excellence, NYU School of Professional Studies
"More Than 100,000 Burundians Take Refuge in Tanzania"
"Longtime Refugees Grateful for Citizenship in Tanzania"
"Guatemala: The Quest for Justice" (Four-Part Series)
"Ghanaians Gain Ground on Accountability for Oil Wealth"
Building an Anti-Trafficking Movement, Rebuilding Lives in India" (Four-Part Series)
"Beyond Google vs. China"
GlobalPost
"How Smart is 'Smart Power' for U.S. Foreign Policy?"
Young, Armed and Deadly (Child Soldiers)"
"Mother and Daughter Lead Village in AIDS Recovery (Kenya)"
"Campaign spending up in U.S. congressional elections"
"Efforts to get AIDS medications to developing countries may be near breakthrough, officials say"
"Death Penalty Opponents: Exonerations of more than 100 death row inmates makes case for halting executions"
"U.N. Chief Wanted General Assembly to Focus on AIDS, Africa, and Terrorism, but Iraq Stole the Spotlight"
Writing for International Affairs (INTRL-GA 3992)
Writing and Reporting Workshop (JOUR-GA 1021)
Democratic Transitions: Setbacks and Successes (GLOB1-GC 2060)
The Media and International Affairs (GLOB1-GC 2050)
Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons (GLOB1-GC 2320)
Inside Africa Today (GLOB1-GC 1110)
Children and Youth in Conflict, Peace-building, and Development (GLOB1-GC 3045)
Adjunct Assistant Professor barbara.borst@nyu.edu


Los Alamitos ("The Little Cottonwoods" in Spanish) is a small city in Orange County, California. The city was incorporated in March 1960. The population was 11,449 at the 2010 census, down from 11,536 at the 2000 census. Los Alamitos is a snug fitting mix of homes, apartments, businesses and open space.


In this special episode (sponsored by Kingswaysoft), we feature Scott Durow, the brains behind the fantastic Ribbon Workbench. We get into the story behind the Ribbon Workbench, how it has changed over the years, and what is coming (goodbye Silverlight). Listen below or subscribe on iTunes.


I have been a Realtor for the past 17 years and have worked with a number of attorneys during that time. When I was introduced to Charlie the attorney I had been working with for 7 years had moved and I was nervous to transition. After working with Charlie for almost 5 years now I cannot say enough about his level of service and especially about his diligent follow up. He always make sure to keep my in the loop on every aspect of the transaction. I refer him to clients with great confidence and from the feedback I have gotten they all really appreciate working with him and tell me what a great resource he was to them throughout the transaction.
When my wife and I decided to sell our condo, we knew it would be an extremely stressful time. With all the uncertainty surrounding the sale, Charlie was the constant. He was always available to answer all of our questions and turned a complex situation into a smooth and stress free transaction. Without hesitating, I would turn to Charlie again as well as recommend him to those looking to purchase/sell a home.
I have been working with Charlie for over 5 years now, I find him to be very informative and understanding with my clients. Charlie has a great reputation and always returns emails and phone calls promptly. We have a great working relationship which is important in this business, I have dealt with many attorneys in this business and he is the only one I recommend for both real estate and other sections of the law.
I cannot tell you how appreciative I was to have Charlie negotiate my lease agreement for my new business. With all the stress and uncertainty of signing a commercial lease, I took great comfort in knowing I had Charlie representing my interests. His fair but firm hand conveyed a position of strength while his professional demeanor encouraged all parties to arrive at a mutually beneficial agreement. Throughout the negotiations Charlie represented himself and my company with the highest possible standards. I wouldn't hesitate to use Charlie in the future for all of our company needs.
I enjoy working with Charlie because he's nice and he always gets the job done! As a realtor, it's nice to know that someone's taking care of my clients, and that they're in good hands. I also use his services for all of my own purchases and sales, and as a real estate investor, I have many!
Charlie has been the primary attorney I have used for my loans in Massachusetts. He has shown considerable knowledge and has the capabilities to complete closing and title work on time, even during times of great activity. He has been well received by my clients which is essential to providing an all-around positive experience. I heartily endorse Charlie.


GREE Forum > Forums > Kingdom Age > General > Recycling feature?
View Full Version : Recycling feature?
@Gree, How about introducing the unit recycling feature in Kingdom Age as in Modern War?
We have thousands useless units by now and a big shortage of honor points.
Recycling units for gold and honor would benefit all players.
Make this feature available here and do something good for the players for once Gree.
GREE knows this is a feature KA players would like. The base code for MW is a bit different than KA's base so they cannot simply copy/paste it from MW to KA; it's not as easy as it sounds. Wish it was because we would probably have it already.
Thanks to player feedback, this is definitly on GREE's list of requests to improve our player experience in KA!
1. Should the alliance member limit of 525 be increased?
2. Maybe each alliance member should bring along more than 3 units?
3. Will the level 250 cap be increased?
1 and 2 would mean we use more of the units we already have. 3 will not change the units used unless 1 was greatly changed.
That hasn't stopped them from doing it, though, has it?


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About a year ago, we launched "Operation Gratitude" at the Ranch--which reminds us to thank people for all the things they contribute to our lives, our kids, and our organization. Today, I'd like to talk a little about the things we are grateful for at the Ranch.
First, we are grateful to God. At the end of each meal at the Ranch, we say (sometimes in unison), "Oh, give thanks unto the Lord, for His mercy endures forever." One of our kids leads the prayer, and it's a big deal to be chosen as prayer leader for the day!
This weekend we recognize those who put their lives on the line for our country., We are thankful for our veterans, so our kids in Bismarck made special cards for veterans in the community—reading them gave me goosebumps. Fortunately, we'll reprint several of them in the next issue of Ranch Voice so you can see the talent and compassion of our kids for yourself. If you are a veteran—we thank you for your service every day of the year, but especially as we celebrate Veteran's Day.
We have so many other things for which to be grateful—life, love, faith, freedom, family, and food—but most of all, we are grateful for the opportunity to serve the precious children who come through our doors.
Last week, Dee* asked if anyone had anything she could do. Because we've been talking a lot about Operation Gratitude, I asked her to make a few thank you cards I could send to people who support Dakota Boys and Girls Ranch.
Dee is still struggling, but she is taking steps in the right direction. She is working through the pain in her life and learning ways to manage her overwhelming emotions.
We are grateful for each of you every day. Thank you for believing in our residents! We could not do this important ministry without your support and prayers.
*Name changed to protect the confidentiality and privacy of this precious young woman.
Learn more about Dakota Boys and Girls Ranch at DakotaRanch.org.
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Dakota Boys and Girls Ranch is a Christian residential treatment and educational center for children and their families. We help the most troubled, complicated, and amazing kids by providing best-in-class psychiatric therapy and trauma-informed care, where we look kids in the eye, walk with them, and help them become their best selves.


Needles discarded in a homeless camp.
Bill No. 950-C.S., titled the Syringe Management Ordinance, is intended to provide "a degree of local control over Syringe Exchange Programs-SEPs," according to the language on the agenda summary, which was prepared by City Manager Greg Sparks.
Responding to an email from the Journal, Sparks said the ordinance came in part from a request from Councilmember Kim Bergel that the city research and bring some regulatory ordinance on SEPs several months ago.
"Early on our focus was on stakeholder meetings that were geared toward problem solving," Sparks said. "We prioritized the ordinance as part of the overall strategy of reducing needle waste in the past two months. Public concern over this issue has grown over the past six months in particular."
The ordinance requires Syringe Exchange Programs to provide reports to the city on how many needles were distributed and returned, to provide referrals to substance abuse treatment and to participate in weekly cleanups. A full text of the ordinance can be found here.
The ordinance also mandates that syringe exchange programs not operate within 1,000 feet of schools and maintain a disposal program that does not use city or county sharps kiosks. Sparks says this is a standard requirement for certified SEPs and other syringe providers, adding that the Humboldt Area Center for Harm Reduction, one of the more visible SEPs, is not at the center of that controversy.
"This is not an issue for HACHR," Sparks said. "They properly dispose of their collected waste."
Asked why the city did not attempt a 1-1 exchange model that has been called for during public comment, the city manager said the city was following the best practices recommended by the California Department of Public Health.
"They recommend needs-based exchange and that variations or restrictions on needs-based result in higher levels of unsafe disposal," Sparks said in his email. "They recommend improving access to safe disposal, such as what the county has approved with the kiosks and improving hours of operation for SEPs. We (EPD, Code Enforcement, myself) are working with HACHR and Public Health — who operate exchange programs, as well as [Humboldt Waste Management Authority], Open Door Clinic, and St. Joseph on solutions."
hypodermic syringe exchange as a benefit to the health threat incurred by spreading disease such as HIV and Hepatitis C through the sharing of needles during drug use."
The City Council is due to meet Tuesday, Mar. 6 at 6 p.m. Other agenda items include a mid-year budget review, the invitation of two new cannabis retail facilities to apply for cannabis use permits and letters of support for Assembly Bill 1775 and Senate Bill 834, which seek to prevent oil drilling off California coasts.
Can Humboldt County Solve Addiction?