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Digitální COVID certifikáty – základní informace
k certifikátům a jejich obsahu
k vystavení a platnosti Digitálních COVID certifikátů v ČR
k ověřování certifikátů a osobním údajům
k použití Digitálního COVID certifikátu při cestování
Informace pro provozovatele služeb a akcí
Úvod » Terms of use
Information on the processing of personal data
in the context of the mobile application Tečka
(EU Digital COVID Certificate Wallet app)
In this document you will find information on the processing of personal data in the mobile application Tečka, the EU Digital COVID Certificate issued by the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic. You will find out what personal data are processed and according to which law.
What is the Digital COVID Certificate and how to get it?
The Digital COVID Certificate is a certificate that proves a person has been vaccinated, that he or she is has recovered from COVID-19 or has a negative result from the AG or the PCR test.The purpose of the Certificate is to facilitate the right of free movement during the COVID-19 pandemic within the EU and in national counter-epidemic measures, where confirmation of one of the above situations is required (for example, when visiting service establishments and social events).
The digital COVID certificate is based on an EU standard and allows the international use of certificates. The QR code, which contains electronically readable information, is the basis for the Digital COVID Certificate. At the same time, the QR code contains the electronic signature of the issuing country, which makes it possible to verify the authenticity of the certificate.
The certificate is issued by each EU Member State or by organisations authorised by them. In the Czech Republic, a certificate can be obtained from the vaccination portal https://ocko.uzis.cz, at the places of vaccination, the collection sites of AG tests, laboratories processing PCR tests or from a general practitioner.
What is the purpose of the Tečka application?
The application is operated in accordance with EU and Czech law and facilitates the free movement of persons and access to services and events during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The application allows download and storage of certificates from ocko.uzis.cz and presenting the certificates to cross borders, access services or events.
Login via NIA – first time only, afterwards login via fingerprint, face recognition or PIN
Alternative login via one-time SMS (same as ocko.uzis.cz) – first time only, afterwards login via fingerprint, face recognition or PIN
Support for multiple certificate holders on one mobile
Load current certificates from ocko.uzic.cz,
Load certificate from paper or displayer QR code
Conversion of original vaccination certificate format to EU format
Display of certificates with validity evaluation according to validation rules. Happens offline.
Display of summary and detailed information from the certificate
Download of configuration – signature keys (EU member states) and validation rules (only CZ) from the UZIS servers. Happens online once every 24 hours.
Personal data of certificate holders are processed with the purpose to be checked by persons authorised by EU regulations, exceptional measures of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic or on a voluntary basis.
What data are contained in the Digital COVID Certificate?
The Digital COVID Certificate contains only the basic identification information of the holder – first name, surname, date of birth – does not contain the document numbers, insurance numbers or other identifiers.
The certificate contains detailed information on the vaccination carried out or test carried out – date, place of vaccination or test, type and manufacturer of vaccine or test, number and dates of application of vaccine doses, result of the test. The recovery certificate contains the date of the first positive PCR test.
The certificate also contains the name of the issuing organisation and the EU Member State, the date of issue and the unique identifier of the certificate.
The EU Digital COVID Certificate is designed as a set of factual information, that can be assessed by the verifying party on the basis of the rules of the respective country. It is therefore neither an anonymous certificate nor a "simple YES/NO" certificate.
Who and how is it using the Digital COVID Certificate?
The main actors in the process of creating and using the Digital COVID Certificate are:
Issuer of the certificate, Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic. It manages information systems for the testing and vaccination against COVID-19, where the source information for certificates is collected. The certificate shall be transmitted in a trustworthy manner to the relevant holder.
The holder of the certificate, the person to whom it refers and whose personal and health information it contains. Once the certificate has been obtained, the holder shall make further use of the certificate and the personal data it contains, including the presentation of a certificate to veryfying persons, fully in the hands of the certificate holder.
The verifier of the certificate is a person who is authorised under EU regulations, exceptional measures by the Ministry of State of the Czech Republic or on a voluntary basis to check and verify the validity of the certificate of other persons.
The issuer of the Digital COVID Certificate may also be another EU Member State and the holder may be the person tested or vaccinated in another EU Member State.
The Tečka application is publicly provided by the Ministry of Health as an auxiliary tool for holders of the certificates.
The relationship between the certificate holder and the certification verifier is determined by an EU regulation, exceptional measures by the Ministry of State of the Czech Republic or on the basis of voluntary cooperation. Typically, the holder of the certificate wishes to use certain services, visit an event or cross the border, making use of the exception provided in the EU Regulation or the exceptional measures of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic. On the basis of his decision, the holder present his certificate, including personal and health data contained therein, to the verifier. The verifier assesses whether the certificate holder complies with the conditions of the relevant measures.
Issuing of Digital COVID Certificates
The sources of personal data in Digital COVID Certificates are the information systems of the Ministry of Health and the ÚZIS, intended for the management of the COVID-19 testing (eŽádanka) and the vaccination against COVID-19 (ISIN module OČKO).The persons tested or vaccinated provide personal data for processing in these systems.
The controller of personal data in Digital COVID Certificate is the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, Palackého, 4, P.O.BOX 81, 128 01 Prague 2, VAT number 00024341. He/she shall do so in the performance of the tasks assigned to him by law or, where provided for by law, or if necessary in order to exercise the rights and obligations of the Ministry under the law.
Personal data are processed within the infrastructure of the Czech Ministry of Health, which is operated by a processor of the Institute for Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic (hereinafter referred to as the ÚZIS). In addition to the ÚZIS, the National Agency for Communication and Information Technology (hereinafter referred to as NAKIT) is the integrator of selected systems.
The ÚZIS is the operator of the integrated information system of the hygienic service, IISHS, of which ISIN is a part. These IT systems are operated in an infrastructure environment for health registers, the core component of which is part of the state's critical infrastructure under Act No 181/2014 on cyber security and amending the related acts (Cybersecurity Act, hereinafter referred to as "the ZoKB"). The environment of health registers allows for standardised and easy development of new components of registers, in line with the requirements of the ZoKB and the protection of personal data. The OČKO module has been designed as a logical extension of the module of the Information System for Infectious diseases (ISIN) and the central data repository. The module was created to make the results and vaccination information available to general practitioners, hygiene stations and for statistical data processing to the Ministry of Health.
In any case, only a few authorised and authorised persons bound by an obligation of confidentiality have access to the data, and all access to and operations involving such data are secured and recorded. We only make them available to other persons if we are obliged to do so on the basis of legislation. In order to comply with our legal obligations referred to above, your data are also processed by external IT service providers (Internet connection, servicing of information and communication technology, etc.) who are bound by a duty of confidentiality and must offer maximum guarantees of technical and organisational security for the protection of personal data.
We process personal data in the certificates in a transparent, fair and lawful manner, in particular:
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation);
Regulation (EU) 2021/0068 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the framework for the issuance, verification and recognition of interoperable vaccination, testing and recovery certificates in order to facilitate free movement during the COVID-19 pandemic (EU Digital COVID Certificate);
law No 110/2019Sb., on the processing of personal data; and
act No 258/2000 on the protection of public health and amending certain related acts and related legislation – parliamentary press 1225/0.
To whom and how are the Digital COVID Certificates transferred by the Ministry of Health?
The Digital COVID Certificate shall be transmitted by the Ministry of Health only to persons on whom information is included in the certificates, in one of the following ways:
Vaccination Portal https://ocko.uzis.cz after authentication via the NIA or a one time SMS password
download to a mobile application Tečka after authentication via NIA or a one time SMS password (future option)
personally at the vaccination site, collection point of the AG tests or in the PCR testing laboratory
personally by a general practitioner
This way the person, who is the object of the certificate, becomes a holder of the certificate and the further handling of the certificate is fully in his/her hands.
How does the Tečka application work with data from the Digital COVID Certificate?
The application reads QR codes of certificates either from ocko.uzis.cz (it is possible to login multiple certificate holders on one mobile) or by means of a mobile phone camera, and stores in the memory of the mobile phone.
The application displays a list of holders of stored certificates, a list of newest versions of each type of certificate (vaccination, recovery, test AG, test PCR) for each certificate holder. Each certificate can be displayed in a form of QR code (for verification) together with the basic identification data of the holder of the certificate and the status valid/invalid – and, on request, the complete set of information contained in the certificate.
The application stores only the newest version of each type of certificate for each holder. The certificates are stored in encrypted storage and access to them is protected via fingerprint, face recognition or PIN.
The application processes personal and health data of certificate holders solely on request and with confirmation, after user authorization using PIN, face recognition or fingerprint.
temporary display on the screen of a mobile phone for the purpose of verification
sharing certificate with an external web service (e.g. online ticketing and registration) using the HTTPS protocol, where the DNS domain of the external party is displayed to the user and checked against the TLS certificate
sharing certificate with another application on the same mobile phone in te form of PDF certificate, QR code or data
In both cases of certificate sharing the user is informed about the extent of data being sent out and asked for explicit approval.
When the application is uninstalled, it deletes all personal data.
What other data are processed by the Tečka application?
In addition to the data contained in Digital COVID Certificates, the Tečka application works with public information related to the certificate system – the list of signature keys of EU Member States and the definition of validation rules of each EU Member State.
In order to ensure the functionality of the application, it also works with data on its functioning (e.g. logs of application and use of the application) and uses standard tools (Firebase Crashlytics and Google Analytics) from Google. The data sent by applications to these services do not contain the identifiers of the owner of the mobile phone or mobile phone (such as the phone number, IMEI, AdvertisingID) and are processed solely for the purpose of identifying and correcting critical mistakes, recording updates of the application and statistical mapping of the application by the user. The application does not know the user's personal data and this telemetric data cannot be linked in any way to a specific person. We are working with the data thus obtained for a maximum period of 180 days.
What permissions does the Tečka application require from the operating system of your mobile?
Camera access – used solely for the purpose of scanning QR codes, on user request.
What are the rights of the certificate holders when processing personal data in the Tečka application?
The application processes personal data of certificate holders, who has been authenticated on given mobile or who has provided the QR code of the certificate for scanning to the user of given mobile. Relationship and the handover of QR codes or authentication information between the certificate holders and the user of given mobile are out of control of Ministry of Health and is presumed to be on fully voluntary basis (e.g. family members).
The right to withdraw consent, the right of access, the right to rectification, the right to erasure and the right to restrict processing is implemented by uninstalling the application. When the application is uninstalled, it deletes all personal data.
The right to lodge a complaint. You can exercise this right in particular if you consider that your personal data is being processed unlawfully or in breach of applicable law.
How can you exercise your individual rights, who will supervise the processing of your personal data and to whom you may refer in case of doubt about the processing of your personal data?
In all matters relating to the processing of your personal data, whether in relation to enquiries, exercise of the right to lodge a complaint or any other matter, you may contact Data Protection Officer of the Ministry of Health via e-mail address oia@mzcr.cz or by writing to the Data Protection Officer, Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, Palackého 4, P.O.BOX 81, 128 01 Prague 2.
You can lodge a complaint against the processing of your personal data with the Office for the Protection of Personal Data, which is located at Pplk.Sochora 27, 170 00 Prague 7.


Food Banks Canada reported that in March 2016, 863,492 people received food from a food bank, an increase of 1.3% over 2015, with eight of 10 provinces showing an increase. 17 As the report notes, �approximately 1.7 million... Company tax return instructions 2014. The Company tax return instructions 2014 (NAT 0669-6.2014) is available in Portable Document Format (PDF). Download a PDF of the Company tax return instructions 2014 (1.62 MB).
9/04/2014�� ��Food additive� is defined as �any substance the use of which results, or may reasonably be expected to result, in it or its by- products becoming a part of or affecting the characteristics of a... From the 13th December 2014 and the 13th December 2016, food businesses which provide nutritional information on a voluntary basis, or where a nutritional and/or a health claim is made, must have a nutritional declaration which complies with FIC.
This assessment is a product of Canada�s Adaptation Platform, which brings together representatives from government, industry and professional organizations, to collaborate on adaptation priorities.
Enclosed you will find a new edition of Safe, Safer, Safest � CFC�s On-Farm Food Safety Assurance Program. Safe, Safer, Safest is a comprehensive food safety and biosecurity program.


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First boron buckyballs roll out of the lab
Technology 14 July 2014
By Jacob Aron
Score one for boron. For the first time, a version of the famous football-shaped buckyball has been created from boron.
Discovered in 1985, buckyballs are made from 60 carbon atoms linked together to form hollow spheres. The molecular cages are very stable and can withstand high temperatures and pressures, so researchers have suggested they might store hydrogen at high densities, perhaps making it a viable fuel source. At normal pressures, too much of the lightweight gas can escape from ordinary canisters, and compressing it requires bulky storage tanks.
Boron sits next to carbon in the periodic table, so a boron ball may also display useful properties. But it wasn't clear whether boron could form such structures.
Meet borospherene
Now Lai-Sheng Wang at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, and his colleagues have made a cage-like molecule with 40 boron atoms by vaporising a chunk of boron with a laser then freezing it with helium, creating boron clusters. The team analysed the energy spectra of these clusters and compared them with computer models of 10,000 possible arrangements of boron atoms. The matching configuration revealed they had created the boron ball.
Unlike carbon buckyballs, in which the faces are made of hexagons and pentagons, the boron buckyball is made from triangles, hexagons and heptagons. As a result, it is less spherical but still an enclosed structure. Wang has dubbed the molecule "borospherene". The team is now hunting for a boron analogue of graphene – a strong sheet of carbon just one atom thick that is often touted as a "wonder" material because of its unique electrical properties.
Mark Fox at Durham University, UK likes the name – and is excited at the prospect of finding a boron version of graphene. Buckyballs led to the discovery of graphene, he says, and history may repeat itself with boron.
Journal reference: Nature Chemistry, DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1999
More on these topics:
Weird new type of magnetic liquid could be used to control soft robots
Adding more bioethanol to petrol is no way to go green
Chinese space station Tiangong-2 is about to fall from space
London gender clinic reports rising number of non-binary attendees
We're pushing 28,000 species closer to extinction
WHO declares international emergency over DRC Ebola outbreak
Birds and insect species are heading north in the UK as climate warms
Magazine issue 2978 , published 19 July 2014
Buy In Print
Famine puts next two generations at risk of obesity
Amphibians' swim stroke has lasted 270 million years

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This service shows you Sights in Ethiopia on an interactive map. Cluster markers of varying colors signify different site densities. Simply browse with your mouse through all regions, or swiftly use the search function or the list view with the 11 states of Ethiopia. Of course you can search for the nearest Tourist Attraction as well. Please press the 'localize' symbol in order to do this.


Sit back and relax as the Captain narrates the journey on the St. Lucie Canal through the Locks and enjoy a delicious lunch on the return journey.
Sail the Indian and St. Lucie River on the Island Princess while dining on and enjoying a delicious buffet brunch.
This event was made perfect with the 2 hour trip. The crew were very attentive, professional and fun! The facilities were clean and comfortable. It was a beautiful cruise and made the night so memorable for all!
We had a great time on the Island Princess, Relaxing and having a few drinks the cruise was informative and beautiful , being local residents of Stuart we will definitely do it again.
This was the 4th time I have traveled on the lovely waters of our area here on the Treasure Coast with The Island Princess over the past 3 decades. What a joy. We took the afternoon cruise this time and Capt. Chris was very informative and interesting in his monologue. The crew go out of their way to make you feel right at home on this journey. I look forward to my next trip....maybe the new Sunday brunch cruise.
Don't miss this sight seeing cruise on the beautiful Indian River.
Every now and then you pay for something that returns much more enjoyment than the price of entry. This scenic 2 hour cruise on the Indian River based out of the Marriott on Hutchinson Island is one of those experiences. We took the Sunday Brunch cruise. It was reasonably priced and (less than $50 per person, it deserves five stars for fun, comfort, scenic viewing, food and facilities. The crew was very friendly, competent and helpful. As far as local sight seeing cruises go it doesn't get any better than this. This is a great half day activity for families with children of all ages or for one, two or three couples.
A lovely cruise with all you could ask for! The captain is cheery and pleasant and the lunch was simply, yet delicious! We sat up on top deck as well as in AC down below. Comfortable ride. Very informative. Fair price. We plan to go again next year with all the family.
Went on a 4 hour cruise to the lighthouse (past Jupiter Island) I'm not usually one for these 'excursions' but I have to say this one was wonderful.. The crews were all really friendly and it was SO informative it was amazing - and not just the parts about who lives where, but also the history of the area, the local wildlife, and also previous residents.
Relax and enjoy the splendid Stuart, FL scenery from the comfort of the enclosed, air-conditioned main salon or the open-air upper deck of the sleek Island Princess. As we cruise the calm waters, watch for porpoises, manatees, pelicans, blue herons and egrets in their natural habitat.
This is the beginning of an adventure for the whole family. As you cruise the calm waters of Florida's Intracoastal Waterway, the captain's narration brings history to life. Learn tidbits about Stuart's famous residents as you cruise by their homes, and become acquainted with many bird sanctuaries, spoil islands, and other points of interest along the way.
The Island Princess offers scheduled sightseeing cruises and private charter cruises on the St. Lucie River, the Indian River, and the Jupiter Sound. All cruises depart from the Hutchinson Island Marriott Marina. Cruise with us today!


With the weather warming up we put together a list of some of the best swimming holes around Sydney for you to check out and explore. details of each spot can be found in the links provided with them.
Mermaid pools located roughly an hours drive south of Sydney offers thrills with is various platforms for cliff diving into the deep pool, if adrenaline isn't your thing then there are plenty of other swimming holes in close walking distance such as see through pools just up stream. Read more.
Nellies Glen is an easy to get to swimming hole suitable for all ages 100 meters from the car park and a 2 hour scenic drive south of Sydney on the outskirts of the country town of Robertson. This awesome spot is a deep rock pool with a waterfall on one side, it is often used in NSW tourism photographs, and was recently the features in mt franklin's commercial. To continue the adventure Carrington falls, a 90 metre high waterfall is located directly opposite the car park with more swimming options and a lookout of the falls, or even checkout Belmore falls near by. Read more.
Belmore falls is located in Robertson in the Southern highlands, part of the Morton National Park where the walk starts from Hindmarsh lookout. This swimming hole is rather difficult to get to with no signs directing you to it however it is well worth it. Belmore falls swimming hole is in the middle level of the falls which offers a majestic experience like no other. Although the water is often cold due to the lack or direct sunlight, you are able to swim in the middle section where a powerful waterfall towers over you. Rock walls surround you that have beautiful lush green flora growing from them all the way up and the mist off of the falls makes this place feel completely untouched. Read more.
Minerva pool is a swimming hole that is a part of the Dharawal pools in the Macarthur region just south of Sydney, the pool is a nice easy walk to get to and like all the swimming holes in this article has a waterfall feeding the pool. The pools are deep and the area allows for some further adventure after cooling off or other pools to dive into. Read more.
Winifred falls is located in Sydney's Royal National Park which offers crystal clear waters to swim in. There is a short walk to get to the falls down a fire trail. This particular swimming hole consists of a rock and sand bottom with crystal clear water allowing you to see the bottom of while swimming which makes for a more peaceful swim. The water falls off of the rocks above and into the pool below which you can swim and stand under without any hassles. Rock is surrounding the swimming hole which gives a perfect tranquil scenery and offers a great spot to sun bake or pack a picnic lunch. Read more.
If you would like to see more lists like this in the future like us on facebook and we will share more adventures there as we put more up. Adventure more and enjoy the outdoors.


text:
Ptychatractus är ett släkte av snäckor. Ptychatractus ingår i familjen Turbinellidae.

Kladogram enligt Catalogue of Life:

Källor

Snäckor
Ptychatractus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Whether you've been with us the entire way or just need a fully qualified professional team to fit out your store, look no further than shopfitter.ie. When it comes to a shop fitting or shop installation we tend to complete the entire process in house; from the design to constructing all of the furniture and finally to the full installation. We prefer taking the project from start to finish as we can be sure the design is correct, the furniture suits the space and that the work area is completely safe so we can stand by our work. When this is all done we have an extremely fast turnaround. We know that the installation is paramount, as the longer it takes to set up the longer it takes to begin trading.
Our design, manufacture and installation stages really suit a shop re-fit. As everything that can be done before we begin is finished. A full plan is in-place and all of the furniture is built. The same people who built the furniture will be fitting the shop, so they have full knowledge of what they've built and where it needs to go. This may sound simple but full familiarity with the site and with the design process has been crucial to ensuring an effective shop fitting and the faster we can finish the sooner you can sell, which is really what it's all about.
Our installation is categorised by its speed. Whether you've come the whole way with us or just need a team for the final leg, your shop will be in safe hands with shopfitter.ie, allowing you peace of mind and your customers peace when they're shopping.
If you need to get a new store fitted or an old shop restored, then get in touch with us today, talk through what you need and we'll be sure to get you a quote.


These colorful pocket-sized books are full of inspiration on how to live your best life. In these books you will find quotes, sayings, and how-tos pertaining to the title's subject so you can be your best self. The Little Book of Happiness features pages full of daily affirmations to foster happiness, while The Little Book of Confidence has quotes from influential people who have had to overcome failures, like Van Gogh and Steve Jobs. Plus, the bright colors on these Quadrille books are sure to make you happy anytime you glance over at them sitting on your shelves.


On February 1, 2016 we honored the outstanding business leaders in our community at our 2016 Rammy Awards of Excellence. The event was held at Mission Hills Country Club.
On January 26, 2015 we honored the outstanding business leaders in our community at our 2015 Rammy Awards of Excellence. The event was held at the Omni Rancho Las Palmas Resort in Rancho Mirage, CA.


text:
Georgia, Turkey, Caucasus
The world's first Kurdish rock group and its roots in Soviet Georgia
When Koma Wetan was formed, singing in Kurdish was illegal in Turkey. Now, the group is a legendary influence among Turkish Kurdish rockers..
Paul Benjamin Osterlund Aug 6, 2021
Frontman Kerem Gerdenzeri with a Koma Wetan bandmate in 1973 (Kerem Gerdenzeri/Instagram)
Years before it was possible in the traditional Kurdish lands, four young men in Soviet Tbilisi formed the world's first Kurdish rock band.
Koma Wetan (Group Homeland) was founded in 1973, with three Yazidi Kurds and one Armenian. Frontman Kerem Gerdenzeri was born and raised in Tbilisi, part of the small but longstanding Kurdish communities in the Caucasus. But his family had roots in in the eastern Turkish provinces of Kars and Van, still home to large Kurdish populations.
"Kurdistan is the land of our fathers and grandfathers, the motherland and fatherland of our people," go the lyrics of one of the group's songs, 'Welate Me' (Our Homeland). "This song is for you, Kurdistan, for your mountains and springs. This is our place and our home."
That kind of sentiment – sung in the Kurdish language, at that – would have been impossible at the time in neighboring Turkey, where it was illegal to speak Kurdish until the early 1990s. Using the word "Kurdistan" is still banned in the Turkish parliament.
But in the multiethnic, relaxed atmosphere of Tbilisi of the time, Koma Wetan was not only allowed to perform, but got state support. The city was one of the centers of Soviet rock, and in 1980 hosted the first official rock festival in the Soviet Union.
One of the group's boosters was prominent Georgian-Kurdish intellectual and politician Kerem Anqosi, a major advocate of Kurdish culture in Soviet Georgia who operated Kurdish-language programming on Georgian state radio for more than 25 years. Anqosi helped Koma Wetan secure financial assistance from the state so they could purchase instruments that they otherwise would not have been able to afford.
Koma Wetan managed to achieve formal recognition as a "vocal-instrumental ensemble," the Soviet term for pop and rock bands operating with official sanction. The groups "were state-funded or state-approved collectives with a repertoire that was based on local musical culture; and they were allowed to experiment with forms, albeit within the confines of what was acceptable," Georgian music critic Kakha Tolordava told Eurasianet.
And given Turkey's position at the time as an enemy NATO member state bordering the Soviet Caucasus, it is perhaps not surprising that the authorities would at least tolerate sentiments that Ankara would have seen as separatism.
"I don't think mentioning Kurdistan in songs during the 1970's was problematic for the Soviet state," Tolordava said.
Koma Wetan appeared repeatedly on Georgian and Soviet television, Gerdenzeri later recalled. "We performed in a lot of festivals and concerts," he said in a 2012 interview. "We were recognized around the Soviet Union and wherever Kurds lived."
The group wrote the demos for its first and only album, Baye Payizê ("The Winds of Fall"), in 1979, though it took until 1989 for the record to be released. It combined a classic rock style, some psychedelic flourishes, and lyrics written by Gerdenzeri but drawn from the works of iconic Kurdish poets from the Caucasus.
"It was inevitable that Kurdish rock would emerge in the territories of the Soviet Union," wrote anthropologist Özkan Öztaş, in his book Kurdish Art in the Soviet Union. "Both the chance to get the best and most advanced equipment, and the ability to benefit from mother-tongue language education and musical education contributed to the creation of the first Kurdish rock music in history."
The group's big debut, however, came at a tumultuous time.
Gerdenzeri more recently (Instagram)
"The year 1989, when the album was released, coincided with the dissolution of the Soviet Union on the one hand, and on the other hand, when Kurds were massacred kilometers away in [the Iraqi Kurdish city of] Halabja by Saddam Hussein with chemical weapons," Öztaş wrote. Koma Wetan donated the proceeds from the albums to support the people of Halabja.
The collapse of the Soviet Union proved fatal to the band, as the disappearance of state support forced members to seek other work outside Georgia, Gerdenzeri recalled. Gerdenzeri himself moved to Moscow.
But in Turkey, home to the largest number of the world's Kurds, the popularity and influence of Koma Wetan has only grown, and it has served as the inspiration for many subsequent Kurdish musicians. Strictures against Kurdish language, literature, and music began to be loosened in the 1990s, and when a reassembled version of Koma Wetan performed a concert to celebrate the 40th anniversary of its formation, they did it in Istanbul, the city with the highest Kurdish population in the world.
At that concert, Koma Wetan shared the stage with another history-making group: Ferec, the world's first Kurdish-language heavy metal band, formed in the eastern Turkish province of Hakkari in 2004.
Ferec's frontman, who performs under the stage name Reh, told Eurasianet that Koma Wetan was "one of the most important bands for us. … As the first Kurdish group, Koma Wetan paved the way for and influenced many Kurdish rock groups." Reh first bought a cassette tape of Baye Payizê in the late 1990s, he recalled.
"When I first listened to it, I felt it to my bones," he said. "It was a tape that would never get old, no matter how much you listened to it, it always brought enjoyment."
Paul Benjamin Osterlund is a freelance journalist based in Istanbul.


Born in 1959 in Zaire, at the age of twenty years I started working as a photographer of architecture, then explored other specialties, focusing for many years on still-life and the production of surreal images. For a long time I've worked exclusively for advertising, cultivating various passions: literature, music, painting, film, graphics.
My collaborations are mainly required by customers of the great italian economy centers, but I work in my city with a network of partners in different fields such calligraphy, copy-writing, photography, music, food, public relations, graphic and industrial design, outsider-art.
By the years the love for glossy images tempered to become a keen interest in humanity and his cultures, explored and told in the form of series and portraits. This has resulted in interesting hybridations with other disciplines - such as calligraphy, sound and music, video, dance, writing - that gave birth to collective works and installations.
Hyperactive investigator, I devote great efforts to research through projects that have earned me exhibitions, publications and awards in Italy and worldwide.
As an advertising photographer I have worked for large part of the most important italian companies; as a cultural activist I currently organize events, shows; as a teacher I currently collaborate with schools and institutions devoted to social promotion; as an author I've shown my work in Italy, France, Spain, Germany, Slovakia, Poland, England, Ireland, Portugal, Greece, USA, China, Nigeria, Senegal.
Self-taught photographer, from the outset he's worked mainly in advertising, over the years cultivating a style inspired by certain forerunners in the field of painting: Caravaggio and Chardin for the use of light, Magritte and De Chirico for the subjects. As is more and more often the case in the film industry as well, the separation between the photographic shot and post-production is slowly disappearing. Marco Ambrosi's studio was one of the first in Italy to equip himself with sophisticated digital workstations using continually updated software and know-how. Although the majority of his collaborations involves clients in the great financial centers, he's always preferred working in his city, where he's also created a professional network with other photographers, illustrators, web designers, graphic artists and type designers.
Italy's going through a period of great cultural stimulus and provocation. In recent years the peace and quiet of a traditionally regional country has been challenged by new codes of behavior, languages, cuisines and clothing. New non-European populations are radically changing our urban landscapes. Astride the two millenia, today's Italy is in the throes of a rebirth that profoundly renewed the lives of the British, French and Germans half a century ago. In Liverpool, Lyon and Hannover the rasta look, the kebab flavor and the sound of the sitar have become part of everyone's daily life. And they are not phenomena limited to large cities, to the contrary. In his home city of Verona, Ambrosi's discovered groups of non-European residents in absolutely natural and by no means acade circumstances. Capturing their new expressions, colors, textiles and gestures with candid curiosity and technical expertise has been an experience of poetic impact. This first series of "Portraits in black" of Verona's Ghanese and Nigerian residents gathered in the city's centers to celebrate their music festivals and religious holidays, united by their deeprooted Pentecostal faith, is one of the many small steps that with constant and ineluctible historical logic are gradually but finally moving us away from a Counter-Reformation provincialism variously labeled "new economy", "padanian race", "european civilization".


text:
Why do referendums use a binary choice rather than a numerical score?
In some democracies, citizens may be asked if they accept a law or the modification of a law in a "yes or no" referendum.
Most of the time, legal texts are complicated and specialized, so why does the government ask citizens to be absolutely sure in their vote of yes/no?
What difference would there be in a voting system where citizens were asked to give a proposal a numerical score between 0 and 100, where 0 would mean "no" and 100 would mean "yes"?
Has this kind of 'quantum voting' been used before, and if so, was it useful?
voting-systems referendum
CDJB♦
Cretin2Cretin2
WP calls this weighted preferential voting(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weighted_voting)
– SJuan76
I am not sure I understand correctly what is proposed here. I assume this voting system is for referenda on specific matters, not to elect representatives, right? Then how exactly are the votes counted? When one votes "25", does that mean the "no" option gets 75 points and the "yes" option gets 25 points? And when "yes" gets more points than "no" from all voters, the proposal becomes law?
If I understand correctly, "quantum voting" in this context does not mean weighted votes (each vote might have a different weight/coefficient), but the fact that each vote is fuzzy (from absolutely no to absolutely yes). I guess that when the average of votes is 50/100 or more, then the law is passed, right?
– Alexei
What does it mean to "accept 67% of a law?" Does that mean you are allowed to break it one day out of three, or you get to pick any two out of three clauses to obey and can break the rest, or what? A law either exists or it doesn't.
– alephzero
A better way to solve this is to split the proposal into parts and run individual votes on them. I.e. the UK referendum could've asked voters to decide not just Brexit but also choose from a list of options on how to handle the separation later on.
– JonathanReez
Because the system highly incentivises strategic voting. The voting system you describe is more commonly known as score voting, although it has plenty of other names. It's been used before in the USA - the example given by Wikipedia is the election of officers in the Utah Green Party rather than on a referendum or legislative proposal - this used a ballot as shown below.
Image: Independent Political Report
However, in his paper entitled Strategic Evaluation in Majority Judgement, Professor Jack Nagel explains how the voting system is highly susceptible to strategic voting.
For example, using the ballot above, a voter might believe that Guymon is worth a score of 8, Twitchell a score of 6, and Styles a score of 3. To increase the chance of Guymon winning, the voter might instead score Guymon a 9, and to decrease the chance of Styles winning, score him a 0. This is an example of "pairwise polarisation" - the least-favoured candidate being scored 0, and the most-favoured candidate being given the maximum score. In "complete polarisation", all candidates are given either the maximum score or the minimum score - which, Nagel argues, degenerates the voting system to simple binary approval.
It's not hard to see how this logic would apply to a referendum-style vote - even if a voter would sincerely give a proposal 80/100, this implies that they would rather the proposal pass than not, and they are incentivised to score the proposal 100/100 in order to maximise its chances. The end result is that the ballot degenerates to a simple "yes/no" vote.
CDJB♦CDJB
And lest someone say that the worst case scenario is what we have now, a score voting system that degenerated in this way would give a big advantage to the side that most aggressively employs strategic voting, thus rewarding radicalism instead of compromise as intended
Also, simple approval voting (of multiple options) is in itself subject to tactical voting. i.e. if you prefer A over B over C, do you accept just A to increase the chance of getting your most favoured option; or approve A and B to increase the chance of not ending up with your least favoured option.
I don't have a source for this, but my assumption is that people are also very bad at assigning a numerical strength to their opinions (unless this is a skill they've specifically practiced, like those who make predictions with probabilities attached and calibrate their success periodically). If everyone assigns a different meaning to '6/10' then the high number of people who vote '6/10' doesn't give you much information, and may actively mislead.
– dbmag9
A numerical score could also be for a question such as "What should be the speed limit on Main Street?" with an open answer, or "What % of childcare should be paid for by taxation (the rest by users)?". Do you know of any examples of referendums with such questions? Maybe those are less likely to lead to such polarisation?
– gerrit
@gerrit Depends on what you're doing with the votes. If taking the average, e.g., there is still strong incentive for polarisation - e.g. if about half of us believe the limit should be 30, and half believe it should be 50, then absent strategic voting, the average will be ~40. Which then gives voters incentive to pick e.g. 0 or 100 to pull the average closer to their desired outcome. OTOH, taking the median of votes would be less susceptible to this problem.
– Geoffrey Brent
In the specific case of a one-law referendum, which is what the question was asking about, what would be the purpose?
Let's pick a subject that will be polarizing and motivate people strongly, abortion for example. Now we have a referendum to allow it (Ireland did that recently, IIRC). Could be a referendum to forbid it, doesn't matter.
What does it mean to be 67% for abortion rights? Your brain is saying "well, I am 33% against too"? If you were voting on two different laws or two different political offices, then yes, you might "spend" 67% of your voting power to have your way on your most important subject, and 33% on your second important choice.
This logic might even work for 1 office and 5 candidates. 67% to your favorite candidate, 33% on your second-best choice. That makes sense.
But, again, for voting on one law and one law only, with a binary yes-no, what is the purpose of this quantified vote system? (please don't use quantum, it means quantified in discrete steps, not just quantified and poor word is overused ;-). You either want something or you do not. If you don't care - don't vote at all.
p.s. One valid reason for a quantified vote would be places that have laws forcing you to vote, even if you didn't care: voting 50/50 would essentially spoil your ballot, assuming there was no other way (such as voting blank or checking off both Yes and No). But that's a special case at best.
Italian Philosophers 4 MonicaItalian Philosophers 4 Monica
"You either want something or you do not." - I'm having a bit of a hard time wrapping my head around this concept. Is it ever the case that you want or do not want something 100%? Isn't the much more realistic situation that there are pros and cons, and while you would strongly prefer one outcome (therefore allocating most of your support to that side), you also see some points of the opposing side are not without merit?
– O. R. Mapper
@O.R.Mapper without a specific policy deployed as part of the referendum to enable it, such a distinction is meaningless. You either get it the new law/policy or you don't. What policy would being 64% in favour of it even work for? To take this answer's example, would a higher pro-choice percentage move the late term abortion deadline? Who would even want to write a law like that in the first place? Lets vote on having a social security system, and the % support maps to the dollar figure of public spending?
@Jontia: No, no mapping, no modification of the proposed policy. Simply a representation of the fact that I see many points (w.l.o.g.) in favour of a policy, but also some against. Hence, I support both sides. One more, one less, but decidedly not just one, while expressing absolutely no support to the other side.
It seems reasonable someone could rank where they stand on something like brexit on a 0-10 scale. One assumes most non voters are 4 to 6s on this scale, which is why they didn't vote on such a crucial issue. Of course tactical voting still is the problem.
– eps
This answer is in the same vein as the one by CDJB, but explained a little differently. Consider the following voting system: There is a referendum, and everyone who votes gets to choose two things.
Whether they vote "for" or "against."
How much their vote is worth, or how much "weight" it has, on a scale of 1 to 100.
Then, the side that gets the most points wins. In other words, if there are only two voters, and one votes "against" with a weight of 20, while the other votes "for" with a weight of 70, the "for" side wins.
My voting system here actually turns out to be equivalent to your voting system, in the following sense: For every vote in your voting system, there's an equivalent vote in my voting system, such that the end result when totaling the votes as described by my voting system is identical to what it would have been if totaled in your voting system. For example, someone who votes 75-25 in favor of "for" in your voting system would vote "for" with weight 50 in my voting system.
With this equivalence in place, it becomes easier to see why the incentives for voting are a little bit weird; although it seems like it, the number assigned to your vote in your voting system is not actually an expression of how much the voter agrees with the proposal. Rather, its an expression of the voter's confidence in their own vote. Obviously, a strategic voter who is looking to maximize the chance that their preferred outcome is chosen would always assign their vote a weight of 100.
But even if we accept for now that some voters would assign their vote a weight less than 100 because their vote "should" be worth less than that of others (maybe they believe they are less informed than the average voter), it's still not clear that this would actually produce better results. In particular, people who are likely to be confident and self-assured about their opinion would have a disproportionate impact on the political decision.
DreamConspiracyDreamConspiracy
Referendums typically use binary choice because statistics, psychology and logic.
How strongly do I even agree with some referendum?
Trying to put that on a scale of 0 to 100 is just going to be very prone to inaccuracy.
What does some percentage agreement even mean?
One might say degrees of agreement give more information, but I'm not so sure about that.
Let's say the question is whether dogs should be allowed inside. Someone might 95% agree that dogs should be allowed inside at night or during bad weather, but 40% during the average day, and maybe 5% that they should be allowed to sleep in our beds and 20% that they can be on furniture. If they were to try to average that all out, they might say that's about 70% agreement. But all those numbers could also be very different and they could still reach the same 70%. Not to mention that each of the above percentages can be broken down further.
One percentage just doesn't give that much information.
Different people may give different scores for the same level of agreement.
If you ask people to rate things on a 1-5 star scale, some will give 3 stars for something perfectly acceptable (to keep 4 stars open for above average and 5 for excellent), while that would be 5 stars for others.
The same might apply to voting in a referendum, so this could introduce a lot of noise.
How do you combine all those percentages?
Maybe you say 2 75%'s, 1 100% or 50 51%'s are all equivalent, but some might argue that very strong agreement should be given an even higher weight, while others might argue that all agreement should be weighted evenly.
With yes/no there's no problem, but with percentages you're opening the floodgates for disagreement about how to actually add up the results.
Not to mention needing to present this to the public. "60% of people agree" is a nice and easy summary, while it would be much less elegant and potentially more objectionable to say "60% of people agree, but most of them don't agree so strongly, while those who disagree disagree more strongly, so ultimately we decided to go with those who disagree".
Only 0% or 100% make sense / people may "game" the system.
If I want the "yes" decision to go through, voting 100% is most likely to achieve that, so that's the optimal vote, even if my agreement is only at 60%. There's little logical reason from a game theory perspective to vote anything other than 0% or 100%.
Well, 50% might make sense to express indifference about the result, but most who would go for that option presumably wouldn't care to go and vote at all. There may be some exceptions, but that still wouldn't justify a percentage score, but rather a "maybe" or "I don't care" option (although for the most part that probably wouldn't be useful).
It should all average out either way.
Given enough data, the end result should generally be the same regardless of whether they give binary choices or scores.
On both sides you're going to have some people who feel strongly and some people who don't care that much. And most of the people who don't care that much aren't going to vote one way or the other.
NotThatGuyNotThatGuy
Allowing people to assign weight to their opinions could have value if people had a total number of "vote points" that they had to divide among the issues, with a proviso that people would only have to spend vote points on issue where they won, and vote points allocated to issues where someone got outvoted would be transferred to other issues.
@supercat First notice that most issues would get decided by fanatics, as normal folks won't spend all of their points on stuff. Sometimes you might even opt to vote against your wishes just to keep your points for something more important (assuming you have to vote - otherwise nobody would). Besides, even if you believe that change still makes sense, now try to implement that in a way that doesn't break any of privacy guarantees. You can't - if vote buyer demands number of your vote points before and after voting, he knows the way you voted (and, if your side won, how many points you spent).
– Zizy Archer
@supercat Letting people split/prioritise their vote among different issues (whether yes/no per issue or degrees of agreement) sounds rather distinct from letting people express degrees of agreement on just one particular issue. But I wouldn't want to try to argue that the former is better than just letting them vote on as many issues as they want. That would be some next level game theory, where people try to only vote on issues where their vote is most likely to change the result. If the choices are mutually exclusive (e.g. candidates in an election), that just sounds like ranked voting.
– NotThatGuy
Because the outcome is binary
The proposition either passes or it doesn't. As others have said, the only rational numbers to use would be 0% and 100%, and that's because you can only prefer one outcome over the other (or you don't care either way and then abstain or void your ballot).
Even if an elector can have a nuanced opinion on the subject, the options are only to either keep the status quo or to have this predefined package of changes to it. If you want to be fancy, you can have a complex "value function", but it is only evaluated at two points.
More complex voting systems do exist, but they are only useful where there are more possible outcomes, such as an election among more than two candidates or the composition of a board.
Rad80Rad80
If you could magic away the tactical voting issues, I don't see why a binary outcome is an issue in the abstract. Let's say you have a small group of 10 people debating a policy. If 5 are weakly opposed and 5 extremely strongly in favor it seems reasonable to apply the weighting and let the yeahs have it from a utilitarian standpoint.
@eps It makes sense in your example, but what if you have 20 people voting, 15 of who are weakly opposed and 5 are extremely strongly in favor. Does it pass or not? Three times as many people oppose it as are in favor, but none of them have strong opinions. Even without the problem of tactical voting, do you side with the majority opinion or the strongly opinionated minority?
– Bobson
@Bobson: Suppose 2/3 of the people weakly prefer choice A to choice B, but 1/3 strongly prefer B. Suppose further that 2/3 weakly prefer B to C but 1/3 strongly prefer C. And 2/3 weakly prefer C to A while 1/3 strongly prefer A. No matter which policy is chosen, there will be one particular alternative policy which 2/3 of the people would prefer to the chosen one.
The point was that a binary choice is only necessary for the global/final outcome over all the voters; why should every citizen be binary when it is not necessary ? I suppose it is due to technical difficulties and demanding a binary choice is already a burden, so if one ask more it would even induce more abstensions I suppose ?
– Cretin2
The second point is that numerical seems not to be involved in the choice. But as seen from the opposite way, the Parliament does not really care about the population neither, since the laws we have to vote about rarely have to do practically with the chooser, but on the other hand stuff the power wants us to do is not prone to discussion it seems. They say the population is consulted.
The Australian Constitution can only be changed through a referendum, and it is a requirement that the change be first passed by the parliament and then approved by the people through a referendum.
One benefit of this mechanism is to prevent the government proposing a vague change to get approval, and then sneaking in something different once the approval has been given.
As a specific example, in 1999 there was a referendum to change Australia to a republic from a constitutional monarchy. This was rejected, in part because a significant number of voters did not agree with the proposed President appointed by parliament and wanted a directly elected president.
A vaguer 'Do you want to be a republic?' question, without a defined mechanism covering the powers and method of appointment of the president, may be considered and passed in a plebiscite but a referendum would still be required under to constitution to implement a change. This prevents a government using the vague question to justify appointing an all-powerful unelected president for life.
Gary MyersGary Myers
This is all very interesting, but how does it address the question how score voting would affect the results of referenda?
@Phillipp The question in the title is "Why do referendums use a binary choice rather than numerical score" The answer is because a numerical score is open to interpretation while a yes/no approval is not. Everyone casts exactly one vote of equal value. Really a specific example along the lines of Rad80's answer. It addresses the question in the title and first two paragraphs, but not the question about whether the alternative has been used.
– Gary Myers
What interpretation, the calculation of the balance were the same but instead of adding 1s one should add other numbers. But for this we would need to know arithmetics. But in fact this is useless since democracy is letting the people believe they could choose their dictator. Then they focus on him/her but this absolutely gives no information about where the coercitive power were.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged voting-systems referendum .
Do referendums lead to significantly different decisions than when decisions are taken by parliament?
Why not give representatives as many votes as they received in the election?
Are there examples of when Parliament decided against the results of a Referendum?
What are the rules of what goes into referenda in Switzerland?
Why do major referendums have a 50% threshold to change the status quo, rather than a higher value?
Why are referendums held? Are they not inherently anti-democratic?
Why are there no referendums in the US?
What is a "confirmatory" referendum in the context of Brexit?
Has negative voting ever been officially implemented in elections, or seriously proposed, or even studied?


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In bettering our lives we can make small choices to improve each moment. Sometimes it's a really difficult and intimidating mountain to climb when we take in all the grandeur of our potential. SO! Instead let's just accept who we are today and improve one thing about how we think, or something we do, or what we say or choose not to say… Let's be consistent with that one thing and work with it till it becomes a part of our lives.
Four years ago I changed one habit. I started having a green drink two mornings a week with my breakfast. Four years later I have a green drink with most of my breakfasts and sometimes with my lunch.
What's a green drink? Mostly a dark leafy green vegetable with orange juice concentrate and water. A true green drink, counseled my NP, (after I explained to her that I had made a green drink with yogurt, milk, a bannana, oj, and some spinach), is mostly dark greens….add a little oj concentrate, but just enough to get it down. WOW! Yuck!….BUT! It's changed my life in a couple of ways. One, I get in 2-4 servings of vegetables with this one drink. Two, because I choose to buy the ingredients, make the drink, and drink it, it has given me a realization of self-control. And three, my gut and skin thank me. I actually crave this now. Yes! Wow! It can be done. Start with higher doses of oj and work down!
I strongly believe any change you make can only be permanent when it comes from a place inside you that desires it for the right reasons, when it is a decision that reaps benefits you can feel, and when you can consistently practice making the decision till it becomes habit. What is some SMALL thing in your life you could add or take away that would improve your quality of living? If you need a nudge think, green drink!


text:
Markos Rainer Rauffmann (born 26 February 1967) is a former professional footballer who played as a forward.

After having played mainly for modest clubs in his country of birth, Germany, he revived his career in Cyprus where he played with success for Omonia, eventually representing the Cyprus national team despite having already reached his 30s.

Club career

Germany
Born in Kleve, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rauffmann moved at the age of 16 to FC Amberg, a local team playing in the Oberliga, but only managed to stay a season there before moving to the seventh level. After five years in the amateur leagues he returned to the club, now as a semi-professional.

In 1991, Rauffmann signed for SpVgg Blau-Weiß 1890 Berlin which at the time was playing in the second division. He spent most of his first professional spell as a right back, still managing to score six goals although the side eventually suffered relegation.

Rauffmann continued to play in that tier in the next three years, now for SV Meppen where he made the transition to forward. In 1995, he joined Eintracht Frankfurt in the Bundesliga, making his debut in the competition on 12 August in the season's opener against Karlsruher SC and netting in a 2–2 home draw; he was fairly used during the course of the campaign, but again dropped down a level.

In the ensuing summer, Rauffmann signed with Arminia Bielefeld, but only lasted a few months, finishing the season on loan to Austria's LASK Linz.

Cyprus
In the summer of 1997, at age 30, Rauffmann moved to AC Omonia in Nicosia, which had been unsuccessful in winning a Cypriot First Division title for four years. He made an immediate impact in his new team, scoring twice on his debut and 42 times in the league in his debut campaign (47 in total), a record in European domestic leagues in the year, but failed to win the European Golden Shoe because of the punctuation system of the trophy.

Rauffmann forged a strong attacking partnership with the team's captain, Costas Malekkos. A penalty kick miss in the 25th round against Anorthosis Famagusta FC, however, eventually cost the team the title, lost to precisely that opponent.

Rauffmann against posted great individual numbers the next season, but his 42 successful strikes – 35 in league – were not enough to win Omonia any title, the league again being lost to Anorthosis, now on goal difference; his first club accolade arrived in 2000 with the conquest of the domestic cup, 4–2 against APOEL FC.

In 2000–01 Rauffmann, now captain after Malekkos' departure, led Omonia to its first league title in eight years, in spite of a poor start, netting 30 goals as the national championship was conquered in the last matchday. In the following season the player, who had won four consecutive top scorer trophies, had his worst scoring record of his six-year spell at the Makario Stadium, scoring 16 times.

Rauffmann won his second championship with Omonia at the end of 2002–03, at the age of 36, scoring a total of 41 goals in 40 official matches and also reaching the Cyprus national team, playing five matches in one year. At the beginning of the following campaign, however, he injured his knee against Doxa Katokopias FC, and retired before the end of 2003 with a total of 286 goals in 378 competitive matches.

After the end of his playing career, Rauffmann had a brief spell as manager at Olympiakos Nicosia without much success. He returned to Omonia shortly after, working mainly with the club's scouting staff.

Personal life
After having baptised himself a Greek Orthodox, Rauffmann married Cypriot Maria, and the couple later welcomed daughter Mikaella.

Honours
Omonia
Cypriot First Division: 2000–01, 2002–03
Cypriot Cup: 1999–2000
Cypriot Super Cup: 2001, 2003; runner-up 2000

Individual
Cypriot First Division: top scorer 1997–98, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01

Records
Second-highest scorer for Omonia in all competitions
Top scorer for Omonia in UEFA competitions

References

External links

1967 births
Living people
People from Kleve
Sportspeople from Düsseldorf (region)
German footballers
Footballers from North Rhine-Westphalia
Cypriot footballers
Association football forwards
Cyprus international footballers
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
Austrian Football Bundesliga players
Cypriot First Division players
Blau-Weiß 1890 Berlin players
SV Meppen players
Eintracht Frankfurt players
Arminia Bielefeld players
LASK players
AC Omonia players
Expatriate footballers in Cyprus
Cypriot football managers
Olympiakos Nicosia managers
Converts to Eastern Orthodoxy
Naturalized citizens of Cyprus
German expatriate footballers
German expatriate sportspeople in Austria
Expatriate footballers in Austria
German expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus


text:
Q: Puntero obteniendo la dirección de un puntero doble Código:
#include <stdio.h>

void fill(int **, int );

int main()
{
    int *A, c;

    printf("Ingrese las dimensiones\n");
    scanf("%d", &c);

    A = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int)*c);
    if (A==NULL){
        printf("ERROR: No se pudo reservar la memoria\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    fill(&A, c);

    //free(A);
    return 0;
}

void fill(int **wA, int wc)
{
    int *x, i;

    x = &wA;        //warning: assignment from incompatible pointer type
    for (i=0; i<wc; i++){
        scanf("%d", x);
        x++;
    }
}

Tengo este código, y lo que quiero hacer es una matriz de una dimensión de tamaño variable (A), me surgen dudas al como mandar a llamar a "A" en esa función (fill), por ahí leí que se debe usar un puntero doble, sin embargo a la hora de llenar la matriz dentro de "fill" por medio de un puntero, me aparece esa warning a la hora de apuntar el puntero a la dirección de A (Más o menos a que entiendo "x" apunta a "A" que apunta a "A" que apunta a la dirección de memoria de tamaño (int)*c bytes).
Y lo más importante es cómo voy a pasar devuelta "A" de "fill" a "main" con los nuevos valores.

A: El problema radica aquí:
x = &wA;

Le estás asignando la dirección de memoria del puntero doble al puntero x, luego cuando ejecutes la función scanf, le estarías pasando lo que tenga el puntero x a la función, esto hará que modifique el contenido del puntero doble y esto no es lo que tu quieres, se supone que el objetivo de la función fill es rellenar de datos el arreglo dinámico que habías reservado antes de llamar a la función fill.
Hay dos posibles soluciones:
1. Asignarle al puntero x la dirección base del arreglo dinámico y esto lo haces de la siguiente manera:
x = *wa;

El operador de desreferencia (*) lo hará es acceder al contenido del puntero que hayas pasado por referencia, es decir, el puntero A, en la cual, dará como resultado la dirección de memoria del primer elemento del arreglo (a lo que apunte A) y de este modo, podrás pedir datos al usuario para poder rellenar de datos el arreglo.
El código quedaría de esta forma:
void fill(int **wA, int wc)
{
    int *x, i;
    x = *wA;
    for (i=0; i<wc; i++){
        scanf("%d", &x[i]);
    }
}

De esta forma, le estarás pasando a la función scanf las direcciones de memoria de cada valor del arreglo y así es como se podrá rellenar de datos el arreglo, de una forma segura sin tener errores en tiempo de ejecución.
2. Otra posible solución, es que no uses un puntero doble, sino uno simple.
Ejemplo:
void fill(int *wA, int wc)
{
    int i;
    for (i=0; i<wc; i++){
        scanf("%d", &wA[i]);
    }
}

E invocas la función de esta forma:
fill(A, c);

Ahora ya no deberías usar el operador  de referencia (&), debido a que, no estaremos pasando la dirección de memoria del puntero, sino, la dirección de memoria del primer elemento al que apunte A.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Natalie & Dan want to buy your first drink!
Thanks a ton to our super hosts and welcome to Las Vegas!
SAY HELLO TO OLD FRIENDS AND COLLEAGUES AND MEET SOME NEW ONES, TOO! GET AN EARLY START ON YOUR ICSC RECON NETWORKING. CLICK HERE TO LET US KNOW IF YOU CAN MAKE IT, AND WE'LL HAVE A NAME BADGE WAITING FOR YOU!
*MEETUP IS CODE FOR CASH BAR!


Animal Nature Center in Lancaster County, PA | Field Trip Idea!
The Black Rock Retreat Nature Center is home to over a dozen live animals, as well as a number of preserved specimens. This hands-on program offers a chance to meet them up close!
Learn about several of our Nature Center's residents and how God has designed them with unique features to survive in a particular habitat. This program is an auditorium-style presentation that allows participants to touch the animals.


text:
Se denomina, usualmente, country rock a un género musical mixto que, partiendo de fundamentos estéticos e instrumentales propios del rock, toma sus bases musicales de las tradiciones folclóricas de los Estados Unidos, no solo de las directamente vinculadas con el country y el hillbilly, sino también con el blues sureño y otros géneros tradicionales.

Con frecuencia, el campo del country rock se solapa con el de otras etiquetas musicales, como rock sureño o folk rock.

Origen
La iconografía tradicional del folk rock sitúa el nacimiento del género en el giro dado por Bob Dylan a su música en el Festival de Newport de 1965, en coincidencia con el triunfo de las propuestas discográficas de The Byrds , pero esto no deja de ser un convencionalismo. En realidad, el proceso se había iniciado a finales de la década de 1950, con la fuerte evolución sufrida por el Bluegrass, las innovaciones que fueron consolidándose a través del Grand Ole Opry y la aparición de grupos como New Lost City Ramblers, The Weavers, Peter, Paul & Mary o Scottsville Squirrel Barkers, que incluía a músicos tan esenciales en el country rock como Chris Hillman o Bernie Leadon. En cualquier caso, para el último tercio de la década de 1960, el Folk rock, y vinculado a él, el Country rock, aparece ya como un estilo consolidado.

Características
Musicalmente, el country rock recoge los conceptos del pop y el rock de los años 1960, tanto en las bases instrumentales, como en los conceptos rítmicos y melódicos, por lo que puede afirmarse que, básicamente, es rock. La aportación folkie se concreta en la elección de la temática, la introducción de temas propiamente country en el repertorio de las bandas y, sobre todo, en los arreglos instrumentales. Elementos más cosméticos, por tanto, que de fondo.

La banda-tipo del género, incorpora una primera línea de dos o más guitarras, acústicas y eléctricas, incluyendo usualmente una Pedal steel guitar y, en ocasiones, una mandolina o un dobro, instrumentos muy vinculados con el bluegrass. A veces tienen presencia otros instrumentos, caso del violín o del fiddle (p.ej. Charlie Daniels) o el saxofón-flauta (p.ej. Jerry Eubanks), aunque no es lo usual. La línea rítmica, por el contrario, es clásicamente rock, con teclados (usualmente, piano eléctrico u órgano), bajo y batería.

Aunque muchos de los temas tienen partes vocales claramente pop o rock, las bandas suelen incluir estribillos y partes cantadas por tres voces armonizadas en estilo bluegrass (voz aguda principal en la tónica, con armonías del tenor en terceras y del barítono).

Historia y evolución
El paso más decidido desde el folk rock californiano hacia el country rock, lo dieron los propios The Byrds cuando publicaron su sexto álbum, en 1968, titulado Sweetheart of the rodeo. Otras bandas, como Buffalo Springfield o Hearts of Flowers, ya estaban trabajando en líneas coincidentes. El área de San Francisco y, en general, California había dado impulso a una serie de artistas que, provenientes del folk, habían asumido la cultura musical psicodélica y establecido unas bases propicias para ese desarrollo: Country Joe & The Fish, The Grateful Dead...

Pero en los últimos años de la década, y primer tercio de los años 1970, las bandas de country rock comenzaron a florecer, especialmente tras la separación de grupos emblemáticos como The Byrds y Buffalo Springfield: Chris Hillman y Gram Parsons formaron los Flying Burrito Brothers; Bernie Leadon formó Dillard & Clark y, después, se incorporó a los Burrito; Randy Meisner y Jim Messina crearon otra de las bandas básicas del género, Poco; Stephen Stills formó Manassas y, junto con David Crosby y Graham Nash, Crosby, Stills & Nash, a los que se unió Neil Young, que también estuvo en Buffalo Springfield. Además, estaban Rick Nelson y su Stone Canyon Band, otras bandas como New Riders of the Purple Sage y artistas como J.J.Cale.

Avanzada la década de los años 1970, el género se consolidó y algunos de los grupos citados consiguieron importantes ventas en todo el mundo, como Poco (Indian Summer, 1977 y Legend, 1978), ya sin Richie Furay, y sin Meisner ni Messina (que se había marchado para formar Loggins y Messina), pero con el polifacético Rusty Young y Paul Cotton al frente. El enorme éxito alcanzado, al comienzo de la década, por las bandas de blues sureño (Allman Brothers Band y, más tarde, Lynyrd Skynyrd) favoreció igualmente el despegue del género y la aparición de una gran cantidad de bandas a caballo entre el country rock y lo que desde entonces se conoció como rock sureño: Marshall Tucker Band, Charlie Daniels Band, Cowboy, Little Feat, Rich Mountain Tower ...

De entre todas las bandas aparecidas en este contexto, la que alcanzó mayores ventas fue, sin duda, Eagles, el grupo formado por Randy Meisner tras dejar a Poco, y por Bernie Leadon, que abandonó a los Burrito en 1971. El quinto de sus álbumes, Hotel California, supuso el punto álgido, en cuanto a éxito popular, del género (y, a la vez, su despegue de él). Otros grupos que habían comenzado en la línea del country rock o del rock sureño, como los Doobie Brothers en sus primeros discos, Black Oak Arkansas, Wet Willie o Delaney & Bonnie & Friends, fueron también, de forma paulatina, apartándose del género.

A finales de la década, el género ya no estaba de moda, en parte por el giro que el rock dio hacia el punk, en parte porque el circuito del country no había acabado de asimilarlo, aunque sí asumió parte de sus planteamientos instrumentales (Dwight Yoakam, etc.). No obstante, las bandas de country rock continuaron durante la década de 1980 e, incluso, en los años 1990, aparecieron nuevas bandas de rock que recogieron parte del legado sureño (Brothers Brooks, Black Crowes...).

Pero el nacimiento del punk originará, en los noventa, la aparición de una nueva generación de músicos que desde diferentes puntos de los Estados Unidos y con gran diversidad musical, tendrán en común la utilización de las guitarras y un estilo musical basado en las raíces musicales y el country rock y que serán etiquetados como 'insurgent' o 'new' country. Es el caso de grupos como Jayhawks y Lambchop o de Uncle Tupelo, semilla de lo que serán Wilco y Son Volt, o de cantautores como Steve Earle y Kim Richey.

Referencias

Véase también
 Anexo:Géneros del country

Rock
Subgéneros del rock
Géneros de rock de Estados Unidos


text:
Home›Czech Politics›Analysis: how the Czechs envisage the start of their presidency of the Council of the EU
Analysis: how the Czechs envisage the start of their presidency of the Council of the EU
Euronews correspondent Méabh Mc Mahon reports on her trip to Prague as the Czech Republic takes over the EU Council Presidency from this month.
"I'm sorry, I don't know" was the repeated answer to my question did you know that the Czechs currently chair the European Union?
I'm in the Letná district of Prague, a trendy neighborhood where, according to Jiri, my local cameraman, "everyone wants to live".
I meet Mikulas Peksa there, a European legislator mostly spotted in Strasbourg or Brussels, but as it is Friday, the young politician from the Pirate Party is working from home.
He tells me that the Czech presidency will give a big boost to his country, still bruised by the bad press generated by the former prime minister and billionaire, Andrej Babis.
"Usually if you live in a country like Czechia, you expect others like the United States, Germany, France, Russia to decide your fate, and you see the big things in the media , but now it's the Czechs and our Prime Minister is the one who participates in this theater and it's really interesting, I would say," says Peksa.
Political scandals
Most people I talk to about politics, whether local or European, roll their eyes. Their trust in authority seems slim. The former prime minister who was in power from 2017 to 2021 faces charges of EU subsidy fraud involving his farm outside Prague.
When a new coalition was sworn in in December with five parties ranging from conservatives to pirates, they promised to root out corruption.
But on the eve of their EU presidency, a scandal erupted that forced education minister Petr Gazdík to resign.
He was a member of the Movement of Mayors and Independents (STAN), the second largest of the five parties forming the national government coalition.
"The scandal has naturally weakened the STAN party (mayors and independents) a lot, the other parties in the coalition have only been slightly affected, but the coalition government is still holding its own," Dr. Petr Just from the University tells me. Metropolitan of Prague, the government has a comfortable majority but if STAN withdraws, it would lose this support.
The head of STAN is Vit Rakušan – Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior. I sit down with him for an informal dinner with a few other Brussels-based journalists.
"We have a lot of big problems. Inflation is one of the highest in the EU," says Rakusan. The former mayor tells me all the topics on his plate for the next six months.
With so much to sort out at home due to rising gas, electricity, water and food prices, how will he have time to run Europe, I wonder, and how do his constituents feel?
"You can feel some disappointment with the EU here," he says.
"Czech companies, Czechs – they don't feel the impact on their lives… there are too many rules and too much bureaucracy. It would be easier if we were in the eurozone."
The Interior Minister said he would try to bring results for citizens at home and abroad, such as Croatia, Romania and Bulgaria joining Schengen.
"The door is still closed and people in these countries are losing hope, they are losing confidence in the EU," he adds.
Petr Just said that people in general know about the Presidency of the Council of the EU but they do not consider it important.
"This stems from the general approach of Czech society towards the EU, which is quite 'cold' and distant. People don't know much about how the EU works," adds- he.
The first priority remains Ukraine
Beyond global warming, migration and soaring inflation – the first priority of the Czech Presidency will be Ukraine – trying to stop the war and help those affected.
With similar cultures and languages, the Czech Republic is a first-time host country. More than 300,000 Ukrainians came – mostly women and children.
The dilemma now, I am told, is whether to "integrate them" or simply "adapt them".
"Ukraine wants them back when it's safe to return," Rakusan said, adding that many have found work and learned to speak "because it sounds so much like Ukrainian."
I visit the Russian Embassy in Prague where the lights are on and there is someone home, but the splendid mansion perched on the edge of a park is surrounded by police tape from when the locals painted the entrance with fake blood.
"After the Russian attack on Ukraine, people started to worry more about defense and security," Just said, adding that the popularity of NATO membership and the Czech Republic in NATO has grown rapidly since the war in Ukraine.
Hungary and Czech Republic agree to travel free for those vaccinated
MEPs call for action against Czech Republic over Babiš conflict of interest – Brno Daily
Big power wants to withdraw NATO forces from Kosovo – EURACTIV.com
Europe Visegrad group faces pandemic toll due to populism


text:
Movie Review – The Colony (2021)
January 11, 2022 by Robert Kojder
The Colony, 2021.
Directed by Tim Fehlbaum.
Starring Nora Arnezeder, Iain Glen, Sarah-Sofie Boussnina, Sope Dirisu, Sebastian Roché, Joel Basman, Cloé Albertine Heinrich, Bella Bading, Nicola Perot, Luna Mwezi Hong, Indira Rieck, and Eden Gough.
Set in the distant future, a female astronaut, shipwrecked on the long-decimated Earth, must decide the fate of the wasteland's remaining populace.
The opening text to The Colony establishes several ideas promising a potentially thoughtful sci-fi exercise, depicting a future where Earth's population have decided to abandon the planet following a failure to combat everything from climate change to pandemics, only to set up return missions generations later as their new home's environment causes certain levels to drop in woman rendering them unable to reproduce. With that in mind, Tim Fehlbaum's film (co-writing alongside Mariko Minoguchi, Jo Rogers, and Tim Trachtec) appears ripe for a scathing social commentary on how humanity will always find a way to be its destroyer, yet where the film ends up is disappointingly a collection of tropes regarding movies about discovering ways to repopulate civilization.
This is made all the more frustrating considering The Colony does get off to an atmospheric start with astronaut Blake (Nora Arnezeder, often flat and unable to make the emotional beats resonate, although the blame is mainly on the cliché script that sinks the story the longer the movie goes on) crash landing back onto Earth. She is separated from her mission partner Tucker (Sope Dirisu), while still communicating, setting off to reach him as she explores her current location.
The landscapes are barren, there's a thick white fog shrouding vision for miles, and there are unknown substances all over the beach-reminiscent terrain Blake decides to analyze. There's an overwhelming sense of isolation and emptiness as she checks blood samples and wanders around a grimy and appropriately dour location. She also somewhat stumbles into accomplishing part of her mission early, discovering the environment allows its inhabitants to reproduce (I'm not entirely sure how that works beyond the vaguest of movie science, but she is also after a device that will prove her findings).
It also turns out that some survivors are leftover from the irreversible damage done to the planet, except they have gone mad and resemble troglodytes with slightly more intelligence. From here, The Colony is positioned to go in a refreshing direction, looking at what life is like for the few people that comprise future generations and how to re-create a functioning society. Not to mention, it's also a terrifying look (and potentially a wake-up call for the deniers out there) at what might not be awaiting us, but our younger loved ones and their offspring.
Within the blink of an eye, the storytelling shifts to one more plot-focused as Blake is kidnapped by the new rulers (Tucker meets a worse fate), striking up a friendship with a child that visits her holding place. This child named Maila (Bella Bading) happens to be separated from her mother (Sarah-Sofie Boussnina). Once Blake eventually does escape, things transition into protecting the girl while finding the magical plot device. There are one or two intriguing scenes between them where Blake explains what life was like on the new planet, but for the most part, nothing noteworthy comes from the subplot. If anything, it's just the beginning for the tired material the script is gearing up to throw at the audience.
Eventually, Blake comes across Gibson (Iain Glen, who you probably know what to expect from if you have ever seen him as a character in just about anything before), someone from her former life who offers up more information about the people inhabiting the new Earth, and introduces her to another young child named Neil (Eden Gough). There are also flashbacks to Blake and her father (Sebastian Roché), who was a part of the first expedition back to Earth but went missing. As a result, Gibson explains what happened there, effectively setting the entire third act into motion.
By this point, even the likable aspects such as the production design have lost their appeal as The Colony lumbers its way through every predictable revelation and action set-piece (which aren't combined well at all with the fog). More frustrating, the film is also dull while doing all of those things. There's a lot to praise in the first 20 minutes or so, but the only thing more impressive is how fast and forceful it's all squandered to tell a generic story inside all of that topical world-building.
Flickering Myth Rating – Film: ★ ★ / Movie: ★ ★
Robert Kojder is a member of the Chicago Film Critics Association and the Critics Choice Association. He is also the Flickering Myth Reviews Editor. Check here for new reviews, follow my Twitter or Letterboxd, or email me at MetalGearSolid719@gmail.com
Filed Under: Movies, Reviews, Robert Kojder Tagged With: Bella Bading, Cloé Albertine Heinrich, Eden Gough, Iain Glen, Indira Rieck, Joel Basman, Luna Mwezi Hong, Nicola Perot, Nora Arnezeder, Sarah-Sofie Boussnina, Sebastian Roché, Sope Dirisu, The colony, Tim Fehlbaum
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Home Seoul CHEF Show - the next generation of BIBAP!
CHEF Show - the next generation of BIBAP!
Check out this new updated version of the famous BIBAP show!
Beatboxing, breakdancing, and bibimbap come together in this non-verbal performance and celebration of chefs in the kitchen!
Enjoy the latest update to the famous BIBAP show with CHEF! Choi Cheol Ki's latest non-verbal performance masterpiece!
Join in the fun with plenty of opportunities for audience participation during the 5-part show!
Sit back and enjoy the nonverbal show without any worries about language barriers!
A good and funny performance. The dancers are great and all performers are professional. My family enjoys the show very much.
Get ready for a fun night of beatboxing, b-boying, and bibimbap! The latest update to the popular BIBAP show is here! CHEF promises audiences a wonderful journey into the kitchen with a non-verbal performance that anyone can understand! Audience participation is encouraged and there is plenty of comedy throughout the show. There are 5 parts to the show that explore different storylines in the kitchen, all expressed through music and dance! K-Pop fans of all ages will love this show!
See the latest update to the popular BIBAP Show with CHEF!
Enjoy an evening of beatboxing, b-boying, and bibimbap!
A wonderful non-verbal performance that takes you behind the scenes in the kitchen!
Watch amazing breakdancing performances during the CHEF show!
CHEF is the latest production from Choi Cheol Ki and features some of Korea's most talented performers!
CHEF BIBAP was awesome. Overall the show was super fun and interactive. We came early as it was cold outside. Cineplex wasnt far from subway station. Easy to find. A must visit show if u come to seoul! CHEF BIBAP was awesome. Overall the show was super fun and interactive. We came early as it was cold outside. Cineplex wasnt far from subway station. Easy to find. A must visit show if u come to seoul!
I strongly recommend it to all of you who are going to travel here as it is very easy to use and convenient!! I strongly recommend it to all of you who are going to travel here as it is very easy to use and convenient!!
excellent performance from the actors and actresses. a must watch performance when you are in seoul. excellent performance from the actors and actresses. a must watch performance when you are in seoul.
It was my 1st time seeing such shows in Seoul despite being here many times for holidays. it was a very entertaining show showing the individual talent of each crew. Such amazing skills! The crew even engaged audience to participate in each segment which was hilarious. Worth seeing the show. It was my 1st time seeing such shows in Seoul despite being here many times for holidays. it was a very entertaining show showing the individual talent of each crew. Such amazing skills! The crew even engaged audience to participate in each segment which was hilarious. Worth seeing the show.
Redeem the ticket at the ticket booth which is located in front of the entrance of the building, performance venue is at the basement. We enjoyed the performance a lot. Engaging show with lots of audience participation. Redeem the ticket at the ticket booth which is located in front of the entrance of the building, performance venue is at the basement. We enjoyed the performance a lot. Engaging show with lots of audience participation.
The show is very interesting! All the actors have many interratction with audience. They speak English with lots of dancing and singing. It is easy to follow the story. Better to buy in advance. I just bought the tickets 2 days before the show and only manage to buy the 5pm session instead of 8pm one. The show is very interesting! All the actors have many interratction with audience. They speak English with lots of dancing and singing. It is easy to follow the story. Better to buy in advance. I just bought the tickets 2 days before the show and only manage to buy the 5pm session instead of 8pm one.
Very interesting and entertaining show! Highly recommended to watch. Similar to Nanta's concept. Less variety of performances but more bboy dance, hip hop and beatbox. Suitable for all ages. Performance was very engaging and inclusive of the crowd. Very interesting and entertaining show! Highly recommended to watch. Similar to Nanta's concept. Less variety of performances but more bboy dance, hip hop and beatbox. Suitable for all ages. Performance was very engaging and inclusive of the crowd.
The theater is located between Myeongdong and Insadong. From Insadong, I walked to go to the venue, around 500 meters away. The performers were very good and the show was enjoyable. some viewers were called in stage to participate. there was very little words spoken so almost no language barrier. The theater is located between Myeongdong and Insadong. From Insadong, I walked to go to the venue, around 500 meters away. The performers were very good and the show was enjoyable. some viewers were called in stage to participate. there was very little words spoken so almost no language barrier.
Very good show ! Entertaining, hilarious and not boring at all ! The show engaged audience participation also. Location is near Myeongdong. The theatre is a small one so not very crowded. Very good show ! Entertaining, hilarious and not boring at all ! The show engaged audience participation also. Location is near Myeongdong. The theatre is a small one so not very crowded.


October 12, 2018 The American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R) 2018 Annual Assembly will be held October 25-28 in Orlando, FL. This annual event brings together more than 5,000 medical experts and professionals from around the world. Attendees will learn about the latest innovations in practice, science, leadership, as well as networking opportunities.
Physiatrists in Olympics and Paralympics: How Do We Get There?


After wrapping Gujarat schedule #Loveratri debutante #AayushSharma and #WarinaHussain are having a gala time in London, shooting for the film.
Salman Khan's brother-in-law Aayush Sharma will be making his Bollywood debut with the film Loveratri opposite debutante Warina Hussain. The duo is currently busy shooting for the film in London.
In the movie, Aayush will be seen playing a Gujarati boy and Warina will be his love interest. It's been further reported that Warina plays a ballet dancer in the film and Aayush essays the role of a Gujarati boy. The duo meet during Navratri and the love story follows.
Directed by Abhiraj Minawala and produced by Salma Khan, Loveratri is slated to release on October 5, 2018.