Collaboration has become an essential ingredient for organizational success (perhaps even survival). As organizations move toward more collaborative cultures, a new leadership model is emerging – one that replaces command and control with trust and inclusion. The leader's role is to encourage team members to see themselves as valued contributors, to help them build their knowledge base, expand their personal networks, and to motivate them to offer their ideas and perspectives in service of a common goal.
Show appreciation. Collaboration is a discretionary effort. You can't order people to contribute and care. But when they do, you can thank them for their time, their attention, their ideas, their creativity, and their willingness to compromise in order to reach a collective goal.
Watch your body language. All leaders express enthusiasm, warmth, and confidence -- as well as arrogance, indifference, and displeasure through their expressions, gestures, touch, and use of space. If leaders want to be perceived as credible and collaborative, they need to make sure that their verbal messages are supported (not sabotaged) by their nonverbal signals.
Involve your customer. For both for-profit corporationNone of Us are Smarter than All of Us - Collaborative Leadership from A to Zs and nonprofit agencies, few things are more important to an organization than staying close to the end user of the service or product it offers, and customers are often brought into the collaborative process through focus groups, feedback channels, and dialogue. The same is true for internal customers. When you involve them in your collaborative process, they have an even bigger investment in your team's success.
Value diversity. Diversity is crucial to harnessing the full power of collaboration. Experiments at the University of Michigan found that, when challenged with a difficult problem, groups composed of highly adept members performed worse than groups whose members had varying levels of skill and knowledge. The reason for this seemingly odd outcome has to do with the power of diverse thinking. Group members who think alike or are trained in similar disciplines with similar knowledge bases run the risk of becoming insular in their ideas. Instead of exploring alternatives, a confirmation bias takes over and members tend to reinforce one predisposition. Diversity causes people to consider perspectives and possibilities that would otherwise be ignored.
Eliminate the barriers to a free flow of ideas. Everyone has knowledge that is important to someone else, and you never know whose input is going to become an essential part of the solution. When insights and opinions are ridiculed, criticized or ignored, people feel threatened and "punished" for contributing. They typically react by withdrawing from the conversation. Conversely, when people are free to ask "dumb" questions, challenge the status quo, and offer novel--even bizarre--suggestions, then collaboration becomes a creative process of blending diverse opinion, expertise and perspectives.
Learn from failure. Leading innovators like Apple see their failures as being as insightful as their successes. The goal is not to eliminate all errors, but to quickly detect, analyze, and correct mistakes before they become fatal.
Think globally. Collaboration increasingly involves teams that are both virtual and international. Participants are scattered across countries, time zones, and cultures. Leading a global team requires increased sensitivity to and understanding of your own cultural biases and preferences as well as those of your dispersed team members.
Eliminate hoarding by challenging the "knowledge is power" attitude. Knowledge is no longer a commodity like gold, which holds (or increases) it's worth over time. It's more like milk – fluid, evolving, and stamped with an expiration date. And, by the way, there is nothing less powerful than hanging on to knowledge whose time has expired.
Utilize the appropriate information channels for different messages. Face-to-face is the richest communication channel because voice, body language, proximity, eye contact, and touch are all present to give deeper meaning to our messages, and to allow us to gauge the instantaneous responses of others. (In face-to-face meetings, our brains process the continual cascade of nonverbal cues that we use as the basis for trust and professional intimacy.) Many information tools including text, instant messenger, and email are "lean," meaning they lack the inter-personal cues that humans have been using for thousands of years to understand one another. Information channels become richer as you add human elements. Telephone calls and teleconferences give listeners access to vocal prosody. Videoconferencing adds a visual element that allows participants to interpret facial expressions and hand gestures. The more complicated, emotional, or nuanced your message is, the richer your channel should be.
Capture knowledge. There are two kinds of knowledge that are key to the collaborative process. Explicit knowledge can be transferred in a document or presentation. Tacit knowledge (our instincts, hunches, experiences) is brought out in a conversation, a story, or a relationship. Make sure you are developing strategies to capture both.
Capitalize on the power of mini-culture leadership. Regardless of an overall organizational culture, individual managers, supervisors, and team leaders can nurture high levels of collaboration within their own work group or staff.
Mix it up by rotating personnel in various jobs and departments around the organization, by creating cross-functional teams, and by inviting managers from other areas of the organization to attend (or lead) your team meetings. The simple act of bringing together people from different departments, is the first step in breaking down barriers between internal silos.
Build and nurture networks – your own and your team's. In research studies as diverse as the Norwegian School of Economics and MIT, the same conclusion was reached: High performers (and high performing teams) build, maintain, and leverage diverse networks that span organizational boundaries and extend beyond the organization.
Model open communication. The way information is handled determines whether it becomes an obstacle to or an enabler of collaboration: Leaders who withhold or omit pertinent information lower team morale. Leaders who are candid and transparent earn the trust of their team members.
Encourage participation. Make people feel safe and valued, emphasize their strengths while encouraging the sharing of mistakes and lessons learned, set clear expectations for outcomes and clarify individual roles, encourage and respect everyone's contribution. Most of all, realize that you are more successful at harnessing the energies and talents of others when you lead through influence and inclusion rather than by position and power.
Ask the right questions. At the beginning of a project, ask: What information do we need? Whose expertise can we tap? How do we plan to share what we learn? At the end of a project, ask: Where did we hit (or miss) our goals? How much of our success was due to strategy and how much to luck or circumstance? What to we need to start, stop, or continue doing to capitalize on what we've learned?
Support relationships. The success of any team – as measured by its creativity, productivity, and effectiveness – hinges on the strength of the ties between its members. Collaboration is enhanced when people get to know one another as individuals. So when designing offsite retreats or other team events, be sure to build in opportunities for socializing in order to give people the opportunity to get to know one another. Taking time to build personal relationships between team members at the beginning of a project will dramatically increase the effectiveness of that team later on.
Tell stories. Collaboration is communicated best through stories – of successes, failures, opportunities, values, and experiences. Upbeat or humorous stories set the stage for collaborative interaction, personal stories bond team members and build "social capital," stories of failure teach valuable lessons, and stories of "small wins" encourage progress.
Build trust. Trust is the foundation for collaboration. Without trust, a team loses its emotional "glue." In a culture of suspicion people withhold information, hide behind psychological walls, and withdraw from participation. If you want to create a networked, collaborative group of individuals, the first and most crucial step is to establish an atmosphere of trust.
Focus on unifying goals. Business unit leaders must understand the overarching goals of the total organization and the importance of working in concert with other areas to achieve those crucial strategic objectives. Leaders help their teams understand the importance of the work they are doing by explaining how it supports those organizational goals.
Share your values. One executive talked about his first job, working in a London bank, where he was treated as an inferior because he had a different accent and came from a lower social class than his co-workers. The executive went on to say that he never wanted anyone who worked for him to feel like that.
Make the workplace a collaborative asset. To facilitate collaboration, create environments that stimulate informal conversations from chance encounters. Attractive break-out areas, communal coffee bars, comfortable cafeteria chairs, even wide landings on staircases – all of these increase the likelihood that employees will "bump into one another" and linger to talk.
Realize that collaboration is crucial for your leadership success. We're witnessing the death of "Superman" or "Wonder Woman" leadership model, where one person comes in with all the answers to save the day. We now know that no leader, regardless of how brilliant and talented, is smarter than the collective genius of the workforce.
Forget about reaching the zenith. Collaborative cultures are learning cultures – and collaborative leadership will always be a work in progress.


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Oil production rises 14.6% to 1.41mb/d in November, says NUPRC
in Business, News
The Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC) has revealed that Nigeria's daily oil output increased 14.63 percent in the month of November 2023 to 1.414 million barrels from 1.23 million barrels recorded in October.
According to the Commission's estimates from yesterday, the number includes 228,489 barrels of both blended and unblended condensate oil.
However, Nigeria's actual daily crude oil output volume of 1.18 million barrels falls far short of the 1.8 million daily quota set by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OPEC. Nigeria's OPEC allotment for condensate oil is not included.
Due to significant oil theft and pipeline damage, the nation has had difficulty meeting its production targets.
Speaking about the scenario, Chief Timipre Sylva, Minister of State Petroleum Resources, expressed confidence that the nation's production will reach 1.8 million barrels per day by the end of May 2023.
The Minister promised that the government would keep up its efforts to tighten security along the routes of the main crude oil pipelines and to stop any leaks that oil thieves and pipeline vandals might use to steal crude oil.
He said that the inability of Nigeria to meet the current OPEC quota is not due to lack of production capacity on the part of crude oil producers "but because a lot of producers decided not to inject into the pipelines because they were losing a lot of their productions when they inject into the pipelines".
The minister further said, "Once we are able to build enough confidence in the security of the pipelines, they (producers) will then be able to inject into the pipelines once again and once that happens, we will be able to meet up with our OPEC quotas. That is where we are going and the early signals are there that we are making very good progress.
"Our pipelines have issues and we put security structures in place involving the communities, the security, oil companies and government and we are beginning to see some early signs of improvement. Our production for example has improved from where we were in the past.
"We are producing over a million barrels now and we believe that when we have built confidence enough on the pipelines and all the producers begin to inject into the pipelines that have been secured, we will be able to produce quickly to meet our OPEC quota. That's really our plan and I am hoping that before the exit of this administration, we should be able to meet our OPEC quota".

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Highlight for Query ‹Infectious coryza symptoms›
Construction of fat1 Gene Expression Vector and Its Catalysis Efficiency in Bovine Fetal Fibroblast Cells
Fatty acids are usually unbranched and contain an even number of carbon atoms, usually from 12 to 20. Fats containing one double bond are monounstaturated and those with more than one double bond are polyunsaturated. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential components required for normal cellular function and play a particularly important role in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields (Lopez-Huertas, 2010). Thereamong, Arachidonic acid (AA), Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) play a key role in growth and development of an organism and are usually referred to as highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) (Norsker and Støttrup, 1994). A rational balanced level of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids is important, and it was found that the ideal n-6/n-3 ratio is 1:1 (Enser et al., 1996; Enser et al., 1998). Several n-3 fatty acid desaturase genes were studied in different species, like plants and algae (Meesapyodsuk et al., 2000; Pereira et al., 2004; Sakuradani et al., 2005). These studies revealed that transgenic n-3 fatty acid desaturase genes were efficient in optimizing both kinds and proportions of PUFAs in tissues. The fat1 gene from Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) codes the FAT-1 protein, a 402 amino acid n-3 fatty acid desaturase which can transform C18 and C20 n-6 PUFAs into n-3 PUFAs. Supplementing n-3 PUFAs intake may be of benefit in human health. Currently, the study of fat1 gene is becoming an important topic in transgene research, and there have been many important breakthroughs. For instance, Lai et al. (2006) produced the first fat1 transgenic pig (Lai et al., 2006), which produced high levels of n-3 fatty acids from n-6 analogs, and their tissues have a significantly reduced ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids, but the production of the 22C n-3 PUFAs (docosapentaenoic acid, DPA and DHA) which has a higher nutritive value was still at a low level (Pan et al., 2009). A more thorough investigation of n-3 PUFAs and the effects of global climate change indicated that there would be a potential shortage of n-3 PUFAs in human diets (Kang, 2011). It is becoming clear that fat1 transgenic cattle with higher levels of n-3 PUFAs are becoming more urgent than ever. Unfortunately, many of the attempts to express fat1 in a transgenic background do not work well because of the difficulty of gene priming and expression in a different species.
We describe here the construction of a fat1 gene expression vector and its transfection in vitro and expression, which were further genetically altered for both biological safety and to follow the most efficacious method. We further studied the expression efficiency of the vector in cells with the aim of gaining the best cell nuclear donor for the production of transgenic fat1 cattle.
Codon optimization of fat1 gene
In order to make fat1 gene with a high level of expression in bovine fetal fibroblast cells and to raise the content of the FAT-1 protein in cattle muscle, we optimized the codon of fat1 sequence from C. elegans (GenBank: NM_001028389) based on the codon usage frequency preference of bovine muscle protein without changing the amino acid sequence. We also inserted the restriction enzyme digestion sites AatII, XhoI, SmaI and XbaI to the 5′ and 3′ ends of the sequence. Coding sequences and the whole genome of bovine muscle proteins were analyzed by CHIPS of EMBOSS (the European molecular biology open software suite) (Wright, 1990; Marra et al., 2003) and codon usage of SMS (http://www.bio-soft.net/sms/index.html) (Stothard, 2000). The effective number of codons (Frank Wright Nc value) could help to judge the number of codon types. High level gene expression has a low Nc value, by contrast, a high Nc value means a low level of expression efficiency. Codon optimization of fat1 was synthesized by the Shanghai Sangon Company (Shanghai, China).
Construction of pEF-GFP-fat1 vector
The pEF-GFP plasmid (Addgene plasmid NM 11154) was a gift from Prof. Hongsheng Ouyang (Jilin University, China). Our vector, which we named pEF-GFP-fat1, contains a codon optimization fat1 cDNA driven by the EF1α promoter (elongation factor 1-alpha promoter). An enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene was used for transient expression in cells regulated by IRES sequence, a neo-kan and amp expression cassette served as a selection marker (Figure 1). The eukaryotic expression vector pEF-GFP was double digested with XhoI and MlsI (Fermentas, Ontario, Canada) in a 10 μl reaction system: XhoI 0.75 μl, MlsI 0.75 μl, Tango buffer 2 μl, pEF-GFP plasmid 2 μl, Nuclease-free water 4.5 μl, and incubated at 37°C 5 h. Codon optimization fat1 was also double digested, with XhoI and Sma I (Fermentas, Ontario, Canada) from the pUC vector in a 10 μl reaction system: XhoI 0.75 μl, Sma I 0.75 μl, T buffer 2 μl, fat1 4 μl, Nuclease-free water 2.5 μl, 37°C 5 h. Recovered and ligated by T4 DNA Ligase (Fermentas, Ontario, Canada): T4 DNA Ligase Buffer 2.5 μl, pEF-GFP vector 2.5 μl, fat1 5 μl, T4 DNA Ligase 5 U, PEG 4000 Solution 2 μl, Nuclease-free water 12 μl and incubated at 4°C overnight. Transformed into competent E. coli (DH5α) cells (Tiangen, Beijing, China), and then prepared the pEF-GFP-fat1 plasmid.
Cell culture and cytotoxicity assay
Bovine fetal fibroblast cells were provided by the Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Cells were cultured in DMEM (Gibco, NY, USA), supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS; PAA, Pasching, Austria), penicillin (100 U/ml) and streptomycin (100 μg/ml) (PAA, Pasching, Austria), incubated at 37°C, 5% CO2. In a typical cytotoxicity assay, all the adherent cells were digested by 0.25% trypsin and seeded in 6-well plates with a density of 2×105 per well and when the cell confluence reached 70 to 80%, cells were cultured in selection DMEM containing 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 and 800 μg/ml of G418 antibiotic (Invitrogen, CA, USA). After incubation for 72 h in a fresh selection DMEM the cell proliferation ability was observed for 15 d. The tests were performed in triplicate, the best G418 screening concentration was after 10 to 14 d the cells survival rate was 0% after adding G418, the lowest concentration of G418.
Transfection of bovine fetal fibroblast cells
The vector construction and production of transgenic bovine fetal fibroblast cells that conditionally express the gene for enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) were performed as described previously, cells were transfected using Lipofectamine2000TM reagent (Invitrogen, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's protocol. DNA complexes (in a total volume of 500 μl) were prepared as follows: 4 μl pEF-GFP-fat1 vector was diluted in appropriate 250 μl of DMEM Reduced Serum Medium, mixed gently, then 6 μl Lipofectamine2000TM was added to 250 μl DMEM Reduced Serum Medium, respectively, mixed gently and incubated for 30 min at room temperature to allow the formation of transfection complexes. All the cells were seeded in 6-well plates and when the cell confluence reached 90 to 95%, transfection experiments were performed. The cells were washed with DMEM 3 times without FBS and penicillin-streptomycin, and then 1.5 ml DMEM Reduced Serum Medium was added to each well, the 500 μl transfection complexes were then added to each well and the plate was rocked back and forth gently. After an incubation of 3.5 h at 37°C under 5% CO2, the medium was changed with 2 ml fresh Growth DMEM containing 10% FBS. Starting 48 h later, cells were propagated and split into selection DMEM. Change the selection DMEM containing 500 μg/ml of G418 antibiotic for an additional 12 days. The surviving cell colonies were picked and propagated in a new plate until stable cell line formation. A control experimental group just with pEF-GFP vector/water was performed under the same conditions.
Reverse transcription PCR proved transgenic positive cells
Expression of bovine fat1 mRNA in bovine fetal fibroblast cells was determined by reverse transcription (RT) PCR. On d 12, cells were collected and pelleted together along with any cells floating in the culture, total RNA was extracted from positive cells and cDNA was prepared using Oligo dT. The positive cells cDNA acted as a template for specificity primers used to amplify the fat1 coding region sequence, GAPDH primers were used as a control. Primers used in RT-PCR reactions were as follows: fat1 sense primer 5′-ACTTCTAGAGCCACCATGGTCGC TCATTCC-3′, and antisense primer 5′-ACTGCTAGCTTA CTTGGCCTTTGCCTTCT-3′. PCR was performed in a 25 μl reaction system with 35 cycles: 94°C for 30 s, 66°C for 30 s, and 72°C for 60 s. The PCR products were subjected to electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gel.
qPCR assessment expression of fat1 gene
We used the Eppendorf Mastercycler ep realplex System, relative quantification and SYBR GreenI Reagents (BIOER, Hangzhou, China) for the quantitative analysis of fat1 gene mRNA expression in cells as well as the GAPDH primer as a control. The conditions used for real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) were 2 min at 95°C and then 35 cycles of 15 s at 95°C and 40 s at 60°C. The pEF-GFP vector group and untransfection groups were negative controls.
GC analysis catalysis efficiency
Gas chromatograph (GC) was used to analyze the catalysis efficiency of the pEF-GFP-fat1 vector. Polyclone was mixed in order to eliminate the effects of the inserted gene integration site. Lipids were extracted as in a previous report (Kang and Wang, 2005; Lai et al., 2006; Lu et al., 2008). Briefly, the cell pellet was collected in a glass methylation tube, mixed with 4.0 ml MeOH and 2.0 ml trichlormethane (capillary GC; Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA), 1.5 ml ddH2O, and placed in a rotating platform shaker for 10 s then left at room temperature for 15 min. Trichlormethane and ddH2O were added to the wells and mixed again, left at room temperature for 5 min. The mixture was centrifuged at 1,500 g/min for 30 min then cooled to 16°C, removed the upper layer and dried under nitrogen. Then 1.5 ml of 14% BF3/MeOH reagent was added and mixed vigorously. The mixture was heated at 90°C for 30 min, cooled to room temperature and 4.0 ml of hexane were added, and methyl esters extracted in the hexane phase following addition of 1.5 ml ddH2O. The samples were centrifuged for 1 min, and then the upper hexane layer was removed and concentrated under nitrogen.
Fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed by gas chromatography using a fully automated HP5890 system (Agilent) equipped with a flame-ionization detector. GC conditions: column SP-2560 (Supelco) 100 m×0.25 mm ×0.20 μm. Oven 140°C for 5 min, 10°C/min to 220°C, hold 50 min. Injector/Detector 260°C carrier gas helium at about 5 psi. Identification of components was done by comparison of retention times with those of authentic standards (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA).
The cell cycle change before and after transfection was analyzed using Flow CytoMeter, Propidium Iodide approach (PI) according to the manufacturer's protocol (Lecoeur, 2002).
All paired comparisons were subjected to two tailed Student t test with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.
We changed 65 bases, which concerned 65 codons and 7 amino acids. The change accounted for 5.38% of all the fat1 gene bases. The G+C content increased from 45.08% to 50.04% and were distributed uniformly, which was beneficial for the expression of the gene. The prediction result of the RNA secondary structure showed that the optimized gene could have high level expression in cattle muscle. The CHIPS programs were used calculate the Frank Wright Nc value of Bovine muscle protein and fat1, the result showed that there was a decreasing of Frank Wright Nc value after optimization, from 41.598 to 34.588 specifically (Table 1).
Identification of pEF-GFP-fat1 vector
The pEF-GFP-fat1 vector was identified by restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing. The multicloning sites of AatII/XbaI were synthesized into the fat1 gene, so we used restrictive enzyme AatII/XbaI (TaKaRa, Dalian, China) to double digest, and XhoI to digest the vector. The vector was transformed and amplified in E. coli (TOP10; Tiangen, Beijing, China) according to the conventional method and extracted using AxyPrep Plasmid Miniprep Kit (Axygen, Hangzhou, China) from positive clones following the manufacturer's instruction. The plasmids were sequenced by Beijing Genomics Institute (China), contrasted fat1 sequence by DNAStar and BLAST. The result of the digestion and sequencing showed that the vector construction was successful (Figures 2 and 3).
Cytotoxicity test of G418 in fetal fibroblast cells
After 3 d cytotoxicity test, each group of bovine fetal fibroblast cells began to die, and the peak time occurred at 8 to 10 d. At 12 d, the group at 500 μg/ml had a survival rate of 0%, as shown in Table 2, the best G418 selected screening concentration was 500 μg/ml.
Identification of positive cells
After transfection, the corresponding bright-field image indicated most cells were viable. However, the expression of eGFP was not evident as fluorescent cells when they were observed by fluorescent microscope following transfection after 48 h. Twelve days of G418 selection and the positive cells could be observed under visible light (Figure 4).
We have also tested the clonal fetal fibroblast cell lines by RT-PCR amplification. A 1,234 bp fragment was detected by electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gel in the pEF-GFP-fat1 transfection group. The GAPDH control confirmed the cDNA quality (189 bp). Both the pEF-GFP vector group as the negative control and the water group as the blank control were negative as shown in Figure 5C. This showed that the transfection was successful and the exogenous gene was integrated into genome.
The result of qPCR indicated that the relative expression level was 35,273.37 nM in the positive fat1 group (Figure 5A and B), while there was no fat1 gene mRNA expression in pEF-GFP vector control group and Untransfection control group.
The cell cycle change was analyzed using the Propidium Iodide approach. The result showed that there was not a significant difference between pre-and post-treatment performance (Table 3, Figure 6). Consequently, the nucleus of positive cells could meet the donor condition.
Catalysis efficiency of fat1 gene
GC analysis results showed that the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs in positive cells decreased from 1.384 to 1.643 to 1.0796, which is significantly lower than the pEF-GFP vector group and the control group, and close to the ideal proportion 1:1, and rose to nearly 2 fold. Among the highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) present were included EPA (20:5 n-3), DHA (22:6 n-3) and DPA (22:5 n-3) which had increased significantly. To be more specific, the EPA, DHA and DPA increased from 9.26%, 14.19% and 14.39% up to 11.26%, 19.07% and 17.76% respectively (Table 4, Figure 7), an increase of 1.22 to 1.34 fold, which was similar to Zhu's result of sFat1 gene transferred CHO cells (Zhu et al., 2008).
N-3 PUFAs, especially HUFAs are very important in both physiological adjustment and disease prevention (Connor et al., 2007; He et al., 2009). Some research has shown that the addition of fish meal and specific n-3 fatty acids into the feed of early lactating dairy cows significantly affected the milk yield and ovarian function (Moussavi et al., 2007a, b). In addition, the oral application of DHA can improve the quality of breast milk (Gibson et al., 1997), while oral application of Alpha-linoleic acid (ALA) or EPA can not increase the PUFAs content in blood (Li et al., 1999). In previous studies, it has been reported that both transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and transgenic oil-synthesizing seeds express n-3 PUFAs (Spychalla et al., 1997; Abbadi et al., 2004). However, mammals themselves cannot synthesis n-3 PUFAs directly, they must obtain them by ingestion from their daily ration. As one of the most important food sources, beef have great potentialities of improvement.
Short chain fatty acids can be supplied easily in terms of nutrition synthesis. They can be obtained from seaweeds or any other plant foods. However, most of the long-chain n-3 PUFAs are found in deep-sea fishes. These resources are limited because of overfishing and marine environment pollution damage. Lai produced the first transgenic pig rich in n-3 fatty acids in 2006, which showed a 15 fold and 4 fold increase, but the concentration of EPA, DHA and DPA was still at a low level (Lai et al., 2006). Zhu cloned another fat1 gene from Caenorhabditis briggsae, and called it sFat1. The results showed that sFat1 produced a marked effect in transforming n-6 PUFAs into n-3 PUFAs, including more long-chain PUFAs like EPA, DHA and DPA (Zhu et al., 2008). However, the vector was driven by two Cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoters, which have a high expression efficiency and cytotoxicity. Consequently, the biosafety was an issue. It was also found that both the EF-1α-driven and CMV-driven vectors showed relatively constant expression levels in CHO cells in terms of GFP expression (Bauer et al., 2010). In order to increase the efficiency and transgenic animal safety, our study used EF-1α as the promoter, which displayed a good efficiency in the pEF-GFP-fat1 vector and produced considerable long-chain n-3 PUFAs.
However, the efficiency of IRES promoter was invalid. Theoretically, IRES can drive both front and back open reading frame (ORF), but the distance between IRES and eGFP was unsuitable. Therefore, the expression of eGFP was not evident as fluorescent cells. However, the efficiency of transfection was not judged entirely by fluorescent microscopy as the monoclonal can be selected after adding G418 to treated cells. The optimization of IRES-eGFP is under way.
C. elegans shows codon characteristics that are similar to prokaryotes, so codon optimization is integral to this experiment. Our results also demonstrate that codon optimization based on the usage frequency preference of bovine muscle protein showed high catalysis efficiency. In the pathway of lipometabolism, n-6 PUFAs were catalyzed to n-3 PUFAs with high efficiency. This would be a useful trait to supply the lack of n-3 PUFAs ingestion from food. This study has proved that different methods of codon manipulation can play a role in the specificity of expressed proteins.
Meanwhile, the high transcription level of fat1 can produce FAT-1 desaturase in bovine fetal fibroblast cells. It can transform n-6 PUFAs into n-3 in cells while n-3 and n-6 PUFAs cannot mutually transform in untransgenic cells. The FAT-1 desaturase can manipulate enzyme substrate n-6 PUFAs, while the enzyme catalysis rate partly depends on different inserted gene integration site. Polyclone was mixed in order to eliminate the effects of the inserted gene integration site. But because of the nondeterminacy of non-gene targeting, the results cannot remain stable.
Consequently, the transgenic cells could be donors for nuclear transfer (NT) in preparation for the production of fat1 transgenic cattle. Although a large number of reports have been published, there are some problems in practical application. The research of the transgenic fat1 catalysis efficiency in vitro can lay the first stone in terms of high expression n-3 PUFAs in transgenic cattle. The results of this study have provided a good prospect for the use of transgenic technology to produce the special fish oil n-3 PUFAs for use as foodstuff. In order to raise the positive value and screen the best donor, we would like to further improve the condition of transfection and further reseach the codon sequence for the optimization of the fat1 gene.


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New Subsidized Parking Pilot Program for Employees
Duke to subsidize up to $30 per month in parking permit fees for eligible employees
Working@Duke Staff
In February 2023, Duke will introduce a pilot program that will provide subsidized parking permits for staff and faculty making $80,000 or less to promote a more affordable and equitable environment for employees working on-site at Duke's main campus in Durham.
Duke will subsidize up to $30 per month in parking permit fees for eligible Duke University and Duke University Health System employees who are regularly scheduled to work at least 30 hours/week per year. This subsidy will make parking permits free for employees who park in remote lots and considerably more affordable for other parking lots. Availability in certain lots may be limited based on capacity.
"This program recognizes the extraordinary efforts of our essential staff making $80,000 or less who have been steadfast in their dedication and commitment to serving Duke's missions throughout the pandemic, and it recognizes that these individuals also shoulder more of the burden of current inflationary pressures," said Daniel Ennis, executive vice president. "In addition, the program will help us recruit and retain essential support staff in an extremely tight labor market."
Those who are eligible and have a parking permit with payroll deduction will see the subsidy reflected in their February pay statements. In order to manage new permit requests, current permit holders must remain in their current locations until the new permit year begins in August unless they have a change in work location.
Eligible employees who do not currently have a parking permit will have a special enrollment period from Feb. 27 – March 10. Availability in certain lots may be limited based on capacity. If vacancies are not available in preferred lots, individuals can register for up to two waitlists.
"This is a pilot program and will likely be subject to modifications as we learn from our experience with it," Ennis said.
For more information about the parking subsidy program, including eligibility requirements, parking rates and an FAQ, visit the Duke Parking and Transportation website.
Bold Thinkers Behind Duke's Sustainable Operations
Transit and Parking Adjustments for MLK 2023 Holiday


Oblivion; a draught of oblivion. – Milton.
A river of Hades whose waters when drunk caused forgetfulness of the past.
Oblivion; a draught of oblivion; forgetfulness.
LE'THE, noun le'thee. [Gr. forgetfulness; Latin lateo, to be hid.] Oblivion; a draught of oblivion.


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Systematic Integration of the New Evangelizatin (SINE)
In the 1970s, the Rev. Alfonso Navarro, MSpSC of Mexico City, developed the Sistema Integral de la Nuevo Evangelización (Systematic Integration of the New Evangelization or SINE), a parish-based model for building faith communities and missionary parishes. Fr. Navarro believed small groups of evangelized and passionate people had the ability to transform their parishes from the inside out.
SINE Comes to Rockford, IL
SINE arrived in the Rockford (IL) diocese thanks to the Rev. Ernesto Elizondo. A missionary for SINE at the time, Elizondo presented the first "Kerygma Retreat" in 1991 at Holy Family Parish. Three retreats were held that same year, several small faith communities formed, and the fruits of the retreat became apparent. Parishioners from Holy Family spread the retreat throughout the region, volunteering to act as team leaders and begin the retreat process in other parishes.
The beginning of Light of the World
In 2000, Monsignor Dan Hermes and two laywomen were charged with creating a new, formalized evangelization process using what they had learned and experienced through SINE. Over the next three years, Msgr. Hermes and a Core Team of laypeople developed the Light of the World Retreat and Parish Evangelization Process, incorporating the Catholic Catechism, papal encyclicals, and Scripture. The first Light of the World Retreat was hosted in spring 2002 by Holy Family Parish, followed by a fall retreat at St. Thomas the Apostle Parish (Crystal Lake, IL). Word of the Retreat's success spread, and volunteer teams took the process to new parishes seeking a new direction.
Realizing the Retreat and Evangelization Process were too large for one parish to maintain, Light of the World Evangelization Ministries became an independent, 501(c)3 nonprofit, Catholic Evangelization Ministry based in Rockford, IL. Today, the organization operates out of Crystal Lake, IL with two full-time staff members and more than 120 volunteers. Through its grassroots efforts, LOTWEM continues to offer Light of the World Retreats at more than 130 parishes across the United States, as well as evangelization strategies and implementation plans to help transform Catholic churches into evangelizing parishes.
Ready? Take the next step.
Light of the World Evangelization Ministries
P.O. Box 1258, Crystal Lake, IL 60039
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Light of the World Evangelization Ministries, Inc. is a 501(c)3 Non-Profit Organization
Copyright © 2019-2020 Light of the World Evangelization Ministries. All Rights Reserved.


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text:
Q: Replace method in static class I am looking for a specific kind of functionality.
Below I have a StringHandler class and a StringOrNullHandler class. Both have static methods.
export class StringHandler {
    static getString (s): string {
        if (s === 'red') throw new Error;
        return s;
    }
    static getStrings (s: string[]) : string[] {
        return s.map(StringHandler.getString);
    }
}

export class StringOrNullHandler {
    static getString (s): string | null {
        if (s === 'red') return null;
        return s;
    }
}

I am interested in replacing the StringOrNullHandler.getString method and changing the way that the StringOrNullHandler.getStrings method would perform.
StringHandler.getStrings(['red']) // throws
StringOrNullHandler.getStrings(['red']) // return [null]

I can do something like this where they are not using static methods, and I can extend the class.
export class _StringHandler {
    getString (s): string {
        if (s === 'red') throw new Error;
        return s;
    }
    getStrings (s: string[]) : string[] {
        return s.map(this.getString);
    }
}

export const StringHandler = new _StringHandler();

export class _StringOrNullHandler extends _StringHandler{
    getString (s): string | null {
        if (s === 'red') return null;
        return s;
    }
}

export const StringOrNullHandler = new _StringHandler();

StringHandler.getStrings(['red']) // throws
StringOrNullHandler.getStrings(['red']) // return [null]

But Now I have a different problem the StringOrNullHandler.getStrings method still thinks that the return type can only be a string and not nullable.
Is there a more composable way to gain this functionality?

A: The simplest solution is to move the functionality to a common generic abstract base class where the getString method is abstract and returns a type parameter T. Then _StringHandler and _StringOrNullHandler can implement their versions that return string or string | null respectively.
abstract class _StringHandlerBase<T> {
    abstract getString(s: string) : T;
    getStrings (s: string[]) : T[] {
        return s.map(this.getString);
    }
}
export class _StringHandler extends _StringHandlerBase<string> {
    getString (s: string): string {
        if (s === 'red') throw new Error;
        return s;
    }
}

export const StringHandler = new _StringHandler();

export class _StringOrNullHandler extends _StringHandlerBase<string | null>{
    getString (s: string): string | null {
        if (s === 'red') return null;
        return s;
    }
}

export const StringOrNullHandler = new _StringOrNullHandler();

StringHandler.getStrings(['red']) // typed as string[]
StringOrNullHandler.getStrings(['red']) // return (string | null)[]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Washington Gov. Jay Inslee wants to raise taxes to pay for schools.
In the Washington State Legislature's ongoing struggle to fully fund basic education, as mandated by the state Supreme Court's 2012 McCleary decision, Gov. JAY INSLEE has proposed a simple, though controversial, approach: raising taxes.
Last week, Inslee released his plan to fund education. It proposes $4 billion in new taxes for the upcoming two-year budget to fund K-12 schools.
"We face an opportunity — and an obligation — in this upcoming session to not just put more money into the system than we already have, but to invest in the kind of education system all our children deserve," Inslee said in a statement.
His proposal would include money to recruit and retain teachers and would fund positions for school nurses and counselors. It would cut local tax levies that pay for teacher salaries in many districts.
Outgoing Superintendent of Public Instruction Randy Dorn, who has been critical of lawmakers for failing to pay for McCleary, called the proposal a "step in the right direction." The incoming state schools chief, Chris Reykdal, also supports the proposal.
Sure, the speculation that President-elect Donald Trump would appoint U.S. Rep. Cathy McMorris Rodgers as his Secretary of the Interior flamed out last week. But as of Tuesday, one bit of Inland Northwest political speculation remained alive: The notion that Idaho Gov. C.L. "BUTCH" OTTER would become Trump's Secretary of Agriculture.
Last week, outlets including the Spokesman-Review and the Idaho Statesman confirmed that Otter was being vetted for the position. But just as the McMorris Rodgers rumors freaked out environmental groups, animal rights groups expressed serious concerns about the possibility of Otter being picked. In 2014, Otter signed the infamous "ag-gag" bill, intended to punish animal rights activists who secretly film in agricultural facilities with up to a year of imprisonment and a $5,000 fine. Last year, a U.S. District Court Judge for the District of Idaho struck down the law as unconstitutional. It's currently being appealed in the 9th Circuit.


Sometimes in life, they say less is more, but we beg to differ. For this episode of Upodcasting, more is more! We squeeze in a load of TV shows and 2 movies. Well, 3 movies if you include Asim coming very late to the X-men Days of Future Past party. It could even have been 4, but Ahmed is further behind as he hasn't even watched Guardians of the Galaxy (sheesh, come on Ahmed, get with the programme already!).
With the three un-wise men back on form, Upodcasting gears up for the autumn with Ahmed first up talking about TV shows Legends and Forever (both showing in the UK on Sky). Martin doesn't really count as he's been "catching-up on" the A-Team (yes, really), but we still manage to cover Gotham, which debuted this week on Channel 5 in the UK, and How To Get Away With Murder. Gotham has the most potential arguably, even with a known and in theory limited universe.
Back to movie-world and we talk about Woody Allen's latest, Magic in the Moonlight, starring Emma Stone and Colin Firth. Perhaps harsh to compare it to Blue Jasmine (yes, Martin did call the best actress Oscar first) but then what choice do we have? It seems like with Woody Allen you have to apply some kind of logic as to hit or miss: it's been 2 years, there's been a lunar eclipse and he hasn't been to court, therefore it's a winner. Thankfully it's a good one and a lot easier to discuss than Frank, our final movie. Starring Michael Fassbender, Domnall Gleeson and Maggie Gyllenhal but sort of not starring Michael Fassbender…this is certainly in the mould of an art-house movie and raises the question of artistic integrity and the motivations for artistic expression. And that's about as succinctly as we can express it without giving to much away.
As the London Film Festival rolls onwards, we are joined by writer, producer, DJ Shai Hussain and talk about the movies we are most looking forward to as well as give short thoughts on the ones we have already caught like Jason Reitman's Men, Women and Children and Justin Simien's Dear White People.
Our main review is the opening night's The Imitation Game starring Benedict Cumberbatch, Keira Knightley and Matthey Goode based on the life of mathemetican Alan Turing and how he worked on cracking the Enigma machine and helping the allies defeat the Nazi regime during WWII.
As always download and subscribe to our Podcast in the links below.
Let's get rid of the obvious to begin with. If you are here to know if you should consider watching Haider, releasing in cinemas on the 2nd October 2014, then here's my comment. Vishal Bhardwaj's Haider might possibly be his best work yet, and is a must watch, not just for cinema enthusiasts or Bard-purists. It is also an essential watch for anyone who appreciates art, in any form – be it visual, aural, and I am sure if smell-sense tech was advanced enough, Bhardwaj would have made that available as well. He does come very close.
Haider, based on Shakespeare's longest and most-adapted play Hamlet, is possibly the most tragic tale out of the Bard's body of work. Romeo lost Juliet and vice-versa, Othello lost his wife, but poor Hamlet – that poor fellow lost his entire family, his loved one, and even his would-be in-laws. This potent tale of the Prince of Denmark set in the late 16th century finds a seamless transition into the 1995 world of Kashmir – a land amidst militancy and martial rule, torn between power heads exercising control. This Kashmir does not look familiar to Shammi Kapoor, or colourful Shikaras, or one where Kishore and Lata would sing – Kitni Khubsoorat Ye Tasveer Hai. Kashmir here has the gloom of loss, of half-widows and their dried tears, of frozen waters, dead cold snow, of curfews keeping life indoors, and of angry fires burning – literally and metaphorically.
Hamlet, here called Haider (Shahid Kapoor), has been summoned by the "disappearance" of his father, Dr. Hilal Meer, a respected Doctor of the community who on humanitarian grounds, operates on the leader of a militant group in his own house. The opening scene shows an elaborate miltary operation that ends up in the destruction of the Meer's family home. Haider's return to Kashmir is greeted by his burnt down house, and he then finds his mother Ghazala (Tabu), laughing at his uncle Khurram's silly dance and song routine. Haider, still deep in mourning, is disgusted and torn between grief for his father, anger for his uncle, and longing for his mother.
Thus begins Haider's quest to find his father, unravel the mystery behind the disappearance, and also answer the many questions that face him. It being a Shakespeare tale, there is enough scope of theatricality, but there is also the risk of alienating audiences by setting up a story that is politically relevant, and yet having the characters to be out-of-place by making them speak lyrical monologues. Bhardwaj strikes the perfect balance between the two. Haider was brought up in a "shaayraana" household, where both the father and mother sing Urdu ghazals and recite poetry. The many paralles between the source play and this adaptation are clearly present. And yet, Bharadwaj's Haider is a beast of its own that comes alive not just in its deviations from the source, but also in the striking eyes of its stellar cast. And what a cast it has.
The leads – Shahid Kapoor is brilliant. There is no other way to put it. You can see how thirsty he has been for roles such as this. And perhaps, only Bhardwaj can tap his talent. Until now, Kaminey remains the peak of his acting career. Haider is undoubtedly a few planes above that in terms of performance. Through the span of the movie, Haider's sorrow, misery, anger, frustration and rage of vengeance all come alive in the eyes of Shahid Kapoor. It is hard to believe that the same guy was seen prancing with Sonakshi Sinha on Gandi Baat. More of this please.
Kay Kay Menon's Khurram is the Claudius of the tale. And no one knows how to play a slime-ball or an "aasteen ka saap" better than this polished actor. Menon's perfect thick-Kashmiri accent and his treachery are just textbook performances. And it looks textbook, because the dude knows what needs to be done with what is arguably the meatiest role in the tale. And Menon runs with it, even at times convincing me to feel sympathetic for his sins.
I'll save the best for the last – Tabu as Ghazala, mother Meer or Mauji of Haider, proves again why she is often referred to as the best talent we have in the Indian film industry. Her sensuousness defies her age, her tears cry out to you, and her sorrow aches your heart. Her last act brought me memories of seeing her in Gulzar's Maachis, a similar story of a woman caught in desperate circumstances, striving to reconcile with life and finding release in the unspeakable.
The supporting acts – Familiar TV actos Narendra Jha as Dr.Hilal Meer, and Lalit Parimoo are both striking, even in their short appearances. Shraddha Kapoor's portrayal of Ophelia is note-perfect. In her Arshia, we see the the love that Haider longs for. Veteran actor Kulbhushan Kharbanda's two lines are enough to echo in your head throughout the movie. And then there is Bhardwaj alumnus Irrfan. His appearance just before the interval is possibly the "show-stealing" entry scene that even lead heroes would envy and die for. Coupled with a electric bass guitar riff, a burnt eye, an evil walk, and a name called Roohdaar, Irrfan scorches the screen, even when Kashmir is drowned in snow. Not to forget, the comic relief provided by the two Salmans who cannot resist dropping a nod to "Salman of the 90's" is pure chuckle-nectar. It sort of reminded me of Key and Peele's appearance in the Fargo TV Series.
Speaking of snow and Kashmir, this review is not complete without singing praise of the DOP – Pankaj Kumar, who has painted this tale with a gloomy blue hue. Teamed with the action choreography scenes in snow, there is something poetic about seeing violence being unleashed on a white snow floor with crimson red blood splattered all over. Kumar sweeps through the Kashmir landscape, unveiling the chill in the wind, the warmth over a cup of Kahwah, and even capturing authentic visuals through his un-touristy lens.
Bhardwaj has also composed the music for the movie, and it is gorgeously woven into the narrative. As previously mentioned, the electric bass riff that announces Roohdar's entry spreads its wings as the gravedigger's song – and I believe that it will continue to haunt me and the audience long after the end credits have rolled. Then there is Sukhwinder's Bismil – the musical play within Hamlet that has a life in itself. Perfectly choreographed, and some amazing rhymes written by the one and only Gulzar. It leaves me awestruck, and in some sort of a dilemma, whether I love Bhardwaj the director more than Bhardwaj the composer, or vice versa. Fortunately, I don't have to choose.
Haider plays in UK theaters from today.
Sujoy is a bonafide Bollywood fanatic, and loves good food, cinema, and sleep, in that order.


text:
How to Play Ludo Online?
The Indian board game Ludo can have anywhere from two to four players. Each player turns, rolling dice to see who can finish the game quickly. The childhood game that almost everyone had experienced. Even though they never won anything, they still found the game entertaining and exciting.
For the simple reason that, as grownups, our primary motivation when participating in such activities is to win a monetary wager and subsequently pocket the winnings. There is little complexity to this game's rules, but they put the players in a position where they are more likely to lose. In these articles, you will get information on how to Play Ludo Online.
Register now to receive your ₹31 bonus right away with more theatrical events. To experience high chances of winning discover the best India's Online Mobile Games visit this website Hobigames.
The Rules of Ludo are as Follows
The Ludo board is a square with corners colored red, yellow, green, and blue. Each player chooses a color and receives four tokens in that hue to use during play.
Ludo is played on a square board that is shaped like a cross. It has 18 slots, with the arms arranged in three rows of six.
Each player has a home column in the five colored squares that make up the middle columns. Every player has their own unique colored starting square right here.
Then, at the top of each player's home column, a giant square of alternating colors represents that player's home column in the giant square board. Additionally, they feature directional arrows that point readers toward the outcome.
Playing Ludo: The Basics
Only two, three, or four people can play Ludo at a time without help from onlookers or bystanders. Each player's four tokens are placed face down in the starting square before the game begins.
The four players' starting squares are in the opposite corners of their respective playing fields. Everyone will take turns going clockwise down the track as they race around the board. A player's column does not always match up with the corresponding channel. Each competitor races against the others to be the first to their designated finish square.
When one player's token reaches the square beneath their home column, that player is responsible for rearranging the other players' tokens until they are all in the final court—a pair of dice control every player's movement.
Those still in the game can keep betting to see if any open positions are the second, third, or fourth ones. If you want to have fun and come out on top in a game of Ludo, you must pay close attention and adhere to the game's rules.
A Guide to Playing Ludo
At the outset, everyone throws a die to know who will give it a try first. The remaining players pick whether to play second, third, or fourth. Before a player can advance their token to the first square, they must roll a die and amass six points.
A player may leave home with one less token if they roll a six on their turn. This occurs every time a player throws a die. Unless there are no other occupants, the sixth number can be substituted for any others.
Players will move their tokens up or down depending on their roll's value. If a player has one or more tickets outside their starting area, they may advance their chosen token along the squares by the value shown on the die they are holding.
If you roll a six and play a token that moves to another player's home, you can either capture the token, which prevents that player from winning the game, or compelling them to return the receipt to their home.
You can prevent someone from winning the game by capturing their token. On a player's turn, "a block" is considered to have been built if two tokens land in the same space.
When this symbol appears, a player who lands on that square will be captured or sent back to their starting square, as the case may be.
Players can't be attacked while on their home squares. To advance, however, you must roll a die until a six appears, at which point the game will restart.
Players who place all four of their tokens inside the triangles have won the game. They can keep playing while you figure out the next move. With the squares and rules in place, the game takes on a new level of excitement.
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Award-winning and acclaimed English alternative-britpop band formed in 1989, featuring Damon Albarn - lead vocals/ guitar/ keyboards, Graham Coxon - lead guitar/ vocals, Alex James - bass/ backing vocals and Dave Rowntree - drums/ backing vocals.
The band split in 2003 following Graham Coxon's departure, but reformed in 2009.
Their most familiar songs include "There's No Other Way", "Chemical World", "Parklife", "Girls and Boys", "The Universal", "Country House", "Tender", "Song 2" and "Out of Time".
They released their debut album "Leisure" in 1991, followed by "Modern Life Is Rubbish" (1993), "Parklife" (1994), "The Great Escape" (1995), "Blur" (1997), "13" (1999), "Think Tank" (2003) and 2015's "The Magic Whip".


The Detroit Community Technology Project, which promotes digital literacy, education, and creation through multiple programs, including the Equitable Internet Initiative and Digital Stewards, has partnered with 123Net in Southfield to distribute Gigabit internet connections to at least 150 homes in Detroit.
The partnership consists of six 1 Gbps connections from 123Net to three neighborhoods that are part of the Equitable Internet Initiative: southwest Detroit through a partnership with Grace in Action; Islandview in southeast Detroit through a partnership with Church of the Messiah; and the North End through a partnership with the North End Woodward Community Coalition.
Digital Stewards, community members who are trained by DCTP in technical skills and community organizing, distribute and maintain the connections throughout the neighborhoods. The Digital Stewards share a passion for digital literacy and a desire to expand their own knowledge base.
123Net, an internet service provider focused on equipping businesses with industry-leading data center, voice, fiber, fixed wireless, and other network services, says it is excited to partner with DCTP through its Equitable Internet Initiative.
"We know that in a city so poorly connected, our residents won't be able to attain the opportunities, education, and careers that they deserve to pursue," says Dan Irvin, CEO of 123Net. "The Detroit Community Technology Project focuses on preserving the rich culture of the city by progressing the digital literacy of the population, and we saw an opportunity to use our infrastructure successes to advance that goal.


text:
Cincinnati Pops conductor to speak at Hamilton's Fitton Center
Conductor John Morris Russell of the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra will be the featured guest speaker at the Fitton Center's "Celebrating Self" luncheon series on Wednesday, Jan. 8, at 11:30 a.m. CONTRIBUTED
News | Jan 6, 2020
By Ginny McCabe
Grammy-nominated John Morris Russell to talk about his life and career
Conductor John Morris Russell of the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra will be the Fitton Center's special guest for the "Celebrating Self" luncheon series on Wednesday.
"The Celebrating Self Series, as we've seen it expand over the last couple of years, has really been about finding engaging, entertaining, insightful and exciting speakers to talk about what they do and what they are involved with, and having John Morris Russell is as an absolute coup for the Fitton Center. Obviously, he's one of the most outstanding Pops conductors in the world," said Ian MacKenzie-Thurley, executive director of the Fitton Center.
Russell will talk about his life and career, and how he brings a musical season together.
"It's not just about previewing seasons, it's about hearing how these fantastic artists and performers have crafted their careers, the challenges they've had and overcome, both in terms of their artistry and musicality, and how they bring a season together," MacKenzie-Thurley said.
Russell, a Cleveland native, is in his ninth season as conductor of the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra. The wide-range and diversity of his work as a conductor, collaborator and educator continues to energize the musical scene not only in Cincinnati, but across the globe. His contract with the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra was recently renewed through the 2022/2023 season.
His vision at The Cincinnati Pops has created the "American Originals Project," which has garnered both critical and popular acclaim on two landmark recordings: "American Originals" (the music of Stephen Foster) and "American Originals: 1918" (a tribute to the beginnings of the jazz age).
With the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra, Russell leads sold-out performances at Music Hall, concerts throughout the region, as well as domestic and international tours — including Florida in 2014 and China/Taiwan in 2017. He returned to China in January 2019 to conduct concerts with the Suzhou Symphony Orchestra.
Russell has contributed six CDs to The Cincinnati Pops Orchestra's recorded legacy, including "Voyage," which was released in July 2019. The project debuted at No. 6 on Billboard's Classical Crossover Charts.
As part of Celebrating Self, attendees will have a catered lunch, and will hear from Conductor Russell in an up-close and intimate setting. After his talk, there will be a time for a Q&A with guests.
Other upcoming guests for "Celebrating Self" in 2020 include Steve Timmer, director, Hamilton Parks Conservancy on Wednesday, Feb. 5; Candace McGraw, CEO of Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Airport on Wednesday, March 4; and Tisha Livingston, president of 80 Acres Farms on Wednesday, April 1.
What: "Celebrating Self" luncheon series featuring conductor John Morris Russell of the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra
When: Wednesday, Jan. 8, 11:30 a.m.
Where: Carruthers Signature Ballroom, The Fitton Center for Creative Arts, 101 S. Monument Ave., Hamilton
Cost: $18 for members; $23 for non-members. Tickets are available advance at the Fitton Center, or online. Limited tickets are offered at the door the day of the event, if available.
More info: www.fittoncenter.org or (513) 863-8873 ext. 110.


It occurs to me that an objective measure of the amount of Fail in a given misidentification could be useful.
the chimps, shared a common ancestor.
In other words, the Taxonomy Fail Index scales the amount of error in absolute time against the error of misidentifying a human with a chimp.
If I were to run a story about Sarah Palin, but accidentally illustrate it with a photo of a bonobo, that would be a taxonomy fail of magnitude 1.
The classic Taxonomy Fail of possum/cat has a TFI of 24.6.
The yellow jacket/honey bee fail in the last post has a TFI of 25.2, or slightly stupider than mistaking an opossum for a cat.
Snope's insistence that scale insects are "beetles" (via Bug Girl) is even stupider, TFI = 58. In fact, now that we can quantify the Fail, we see that Snopes fails more than twice as hard as the possum cat.
See? Science can be fun.
Fake, the same picture is on the wikipedia page for the Virginia opossum.
Don't you know, Lasius? — All (o-)possum pictures look alike.
Well, whether the cat/possum poster is a hoax or not, I still think it's amusing to finally have a way to quantify just how much somebody screwed up their taxonomy. Thanks, Alex!
I think Myrmecos needs to be more specific on his divergence estimates: timetree of life produces estimates for different gene sets, weighted and simple averages, and even a Time Tree Expert number for some. For example, if I put up a posting on how great a blog Myrmecos is and posted a picture of a two-spotted spider mite for Alex I could generate a TFI of 36.8-146.4, just using the Weighted and Simple averages for Pan paniscus-Homo sapiens and Tetranychus urticae. I think this is lacking in precision.
While that may be true, this is the sort of issue I probably won't worry about until the time comes to submit this highly rigorous method to a peer-reviewed journal.
Dave, you are just SUCH a wet blanket !
What's the problem with plus/minus a few hundred million years of dating precision anyway ?
After all, all the BEST scientists pull WAGs from their posteriors !!
What's brilliant about that is the rest of us can then cite those WAGs as authoritative.
The consensus seems to be that bonobos, while they are native to Asia, are in fact part of a major radiation of the Magnipedidae that took place about 1 mya in Alaska, which incidentally also gave rise to the yeti, Bigfoot, and John McCain (Johannia maccainii).
But at least she wouldn't be identified as H. sapiens… that would warrant at least a 5 on the TFI.
Bwah ha ha ha! Whether it's real or not, this poster is hilarious. Let's face it: at least one person out there can't tell the difference between a possum and a cat. Imaging this person makes the poster even better.
LOL – thought something was wrong with that 2nd link –indeed Time Tree = EPIC Taxonomy FAIL !
the data is a little sparse !
Here's a Boing Boing entry that one commenter claims comes in at a TFI=444.5 and links to this page!
Since I assume that H is a constant, how many Ma ago is the LCA of chimps and us?
in order to illustrate the example, can you demonstrate for us what is the TF index for a DNA barcode that identifies a moth as a parasitic wasp? thank you.
Though some divergence could apply to the algorithm and the age calculations, this is an excellent point. Ignorance about the nature of Systematics has resulted in ridiculous mistakes of many kinds in scientific papers, applied entomology, and in general printed matter on Biology. An index like this could call the attention of those that naïvely think that taxonomy is a question of "applying names to things" (they could not move much in theory along the last 150 years), not the construction of an extremely complex system with biological entities at different level reflecting phylogenetic relationships, characters of groups on those levels, and names–that later on become a general reference system. It's not personal. It's just the matter of ignorance on the relevance of Systematics.
That's the thing about memes. They don't have to be "true" to be good.


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ACCEPTED

#### According to
Index Fungorum

#### Published in
null

#### Original name
Gyromyces Göpp.

### Remarks
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Established in 2011, the Outback Archies is an exhibition aimed at providing artistic opportunities for artists living in rural, regional and remote NSW. The 2012 exhibition received over 90 entries from across the Outback Arts, Orana Arts and West Darling Arts regions.
For a full list of the winning works, visit the Outback Arts website.


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Barclays: China Recovery May Be Sooner Than Expected
Denni Hu
January 5, 2023, 10:19 AM ·3 min read
SHANGHAI — As China sets in motion a fast-tracked opening-up plan, which includes reopening its international borders and scrapping mandatory quarantine requirements starting Sunday, whether the luxury sector will recover just as fast remains to be seen.
According to the latest report from Barclays, the Chinese luxury sector may recover faster than expected.
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Despite macroeconomic uncertainty and risk factors, Barclays predicts the sector will grow by 15 percent in 2023, while the global luxury market will record 9 percent growth, with the U.S. and European markets growing at 7 and 6 percent, respectively.
"If first-quarter sales should remain depressed in China, as the country may still battle the new surge in COVID[-19] cases following its decision to reopen gradually, we expect traffic to recover as soon as the second quarter, and we remind investors that comparables will be particularly easy by then," read the Barclays report.
"Underlying trends indicate that consumers still have an appetite to buy luxury goods, as such we expect ongoing improving trends in the second half of 2023 as China gradually returns to a world post-COVID[-19]," the report stated.
Barclays sees Richemont as the biggest winner as China enters its post-COVID-19 phase. "The group has historically been one of the most exposed to Chinese consumers, circa 40 percent of sales pre-COVID[-19] in our estimates, and has exposure to watches and jewelry, a segment often seen as alternative assets that can hold value in an inflationary environment," according to the report.
According to Barclays' China economist Jian Chang, the country's rapid COVID-19 policy pivot "suggests the economy could be moving toward our 'better-case scenario' — a faster reopening and smooth transition," wrote Chang.
In December, Barclays projected China's gross domestic product growth in 2023 could rise to 4.5 to 5 percent. The International Monetary Fund estimates that China's GDP will grow by 3.2 percent in 2022.
"The normalization of traffic since reopening should allow brands to accelerate investments in marketing and communications, resume events, and re-create the 'feel-good' factor among Chinese consumers," wrote the Barclay report. In addition, the report said the recovery of the logistics chain would allow brands to operate at a higher efficiency and lower cost.
According to Jacques Stern, chief executive officer of Global Blue, the tax-free shopping agency, there is "significant pent-up demand" for offshore spending waiting to be unleashed. "[There are] 20 billion personal luxury items per year which have not been bought by Chinese," said Stern.
While many luxury watchers are worried that Chinese consumers could reallocate luxury spending budgets to travel and experience post-reopening, Barclays projects that "they may choose to have both."
"For the upper-middle-class and high-net-worth individuals, we argue that the return of normal life should lead to additional occasions to wear luxury, additional needs for gifting, and a good enough reason to feel good,'" wrote the report.
By looking at brands' exposure to the Chinese market and growth momentum in recent years, Barclays singled out Louis Vuitton, Dior, Hermès, Cartier, Van Cleef & Arpels, Moncler and Prada as brands that will benefit most if China recovers with faster momentum.
Despite being a high-traffic brand in China, Barclays thinks the growth momentum of Gucci remains to be determined due to the departure of creative director Alessandro Michele.
"We do not expect a new collection by an upcoming designer to hit the shelf before the fourth quarter of 2023, and as such, the upside in 2023 in China for Gucci, and thus for Kering, looks limited, in our view," wrote the Barclays report.
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Save 60% on this baby while it's still in stock: 'I love the simplicity of this mop... Whoever made this is a genius!'
Former 'Below Deck' star Kate Chastain shares her reaction to the finale of 'The Traitors'
Kate Chastain was unquestionably the breakout star of 'The Traitors.' The post Former 'Below Deck' star Kate Chastain shares her reaction to the finale of 'The Traitors' appeared first on In The Know.
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Jinger Duggar Vuolo says she no longer believes drinking and dating as sinful activities: 'I could be so consumed with that'
The former star of TLC's "19 Kids and Counting" has had a change in her beliefs since leaving the church.


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Politics|Texas Congressional Maps Are Struck Down for Discrimination
Texas Congressional Maps Are Struck Down for Discrimination
Voters in San Antonio, Texas in 2014.CreditCreditEric Gay/Associated Press
By Manny Fernandez
AUSTIN, Tex. — A panel of federal judges in San Antonio has ruled that a handful of Texas congressional districts drawn by the Republican-dominated state Legislature in 2011 discriminated against black and Hispanic voters and violated the Voting Rights Act and the Constitution.
The ruling striking down the maps was made late Friday. It is the latest development in a long-running and racially charged redistricting case that locked Democratic lawmakers, minority groups, the Obama administration and the Texas Republican leadership in a legal battle for nearly six years. Democrats and civil-rights lawyers accused the majority-white Texas Republican leadership of drawing district maps in ways that diluted the voting power of Democratic-leaning minority voters, accusations that Republicans denied.
"The court's decision exposes the Texas Legislature's illegal effort to dilute the vote of Texas Latinos," said Nina Perales, the vice president of litigation for the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, which represented a coalition of Latino organizations that sued Texas over the redistricting maps. "Moving forward, the ruling will help protect Latinos from manipulation of district lines in order to reduce their political clout."
The next steps in the case were unclear. Texas is likely to appeal the decision, and because of the legal dynamics, any appeal would go directly to the Supreme Court. The process of redrawing the maps may be delayed not only by an appeal but also because the San Antonio panel has yet to rule on another aspect of the case, the district maps drawn for the state's House of Representatives.
The Texas attorney general's office did not respond to a request for comment.
The judicial panel's decision came eight months after a federal appeals court ruled in a separate case that the state's tough voter-identification law needed to be made less restrictive because it discriminated against minority voters who lacked the required government-issued photo IDs. The Republican-led Legislature that passed the voter ID bill in 2011 also passed the contested redistricting maps.
Friday's decision means that in the span of months, two federal courts in two voting-rights cases found that the 2011 session of the Texas Legislature discriminated against black and Hispanic voters.
"Republicans have ensured that the dark days of discrimination in Texas continue to loom, but the sun will soon shine," Gilberto Hinojosa, the chairman of the Texas Democratic Party, said in a statement after the redistricting decision. "In time, justice prevails."
The ruling was made by two judges on a panel of three Federal District judges that heard the case. The two judges who found that the congressional maps discriminated were Xavier Rodriguez, who was appointed to the bench by President George W. Bush, and Orlando L. Garcia, who was appointed by President Bill Clinton.
The third judge, Jerry E. Smith, issued a dissent, arguing that Texas Republican lawmakers who drew the maps had partisan rather than racial motives. Judge Smith, who was appointed by President Ronald Reagan, sharply criticized lawyers from the Obama-era Justice Department, which had intervened in the case, for their "arrogance and condescension," noting the eye-rolling and gum-chewing of one lawyer in particular.
"It was obvious, from the start, that the DOJ attorneys viewed state officials and the legislative majority and their staffs as a bunch of backwoods hayseed bigots who bemoan the abolition of the poll tax and pine for the days of literacy tests and lynchings," Judge Smith wrote.
The significance of the ruling striking down the maps lies in part in its potential penalty.
Texas had been one of several mostly Southern states that required federal approval before making changes to its voting laws, because of the states' history of discrimination. But the Supreme Court's 2013 ruling that struck down parts of the Voting Rights Act freed Texas and the other states and localities from requiring advance federal permission before changing their voting procedures, a process known as preclearance.
The Supreme Court's decision left intact provisions of the Voting Rights Act that allow federal courts to put a state or jurisdiction back under preclearance if it is found to have intentionally discriminated against minorities.
The ruling on Friday found an intentional and unconstitutional discriminatory purpose in the drawing of two of the districts — Congressional District 23 in South and West Texas and Congressional District 26 in the Dallas-Fort Worth area — and as a result put preclearance back on the table for Texas.
The two judges wrote that with the sprawling Congressional District 23, map drawers had taken steps to intentionally disadvantage Latino voters by including Hispanics with lower voter turnout rates, excluding higher-turnout Hispanics, fracturing politically cohesive Hispanic areas and including "higher-turnout Anglos" in the district.
"This decision is a big deal, because the court found that Texas intentionally discriminated against African-American and Latino voters, setting the stage for Texas to potentially be put back under a preclearance requirement," said Michael Li, an expert on Texas redistricting and a lawyer with the Brennan Center for Justice at the New York University School of Law.
The San Antonio judges did not address whether they would order Texas back under federal oversight, stating only that "those issues remain to be determined."
A version of this article appears in print on , Section A, Page 23 of the New York edition with the headline: Texas Congressional Maps Are Struck Down for Bias. Order Reprints | Today's Paper | Subscribe


Coochie Mondi Performance/ Installations, Museum, Pescara, Italy 2016.
Here, at the Museum of Modern Art Vittoria Colonna in Pescara Italy, I displayed my paintings of the models from pictures I had taken of my previous show.
Using the space given to me I had decided to use the models as live paintings by having them stand next to their character paintings....and they came to life!
COOCHIE MOONDI by Antonella Sigismondi "Coochie Carnival Performance" Documentary and Interview July 23rd, 2016.


Site-Seeker, Inc. continues to grow by adding three new employees to its team – Vikki Feggulis, digital marketing associate, Merima Veiz, marketing specialist, and Ryan Gros, digital marketing intern.
Vikki Feggulis of Rome joined Site-Seeker in August 2017 as a digital marketing associate where she has helped develop and implement digital strategies for several clients, optimizing their online presence and driving results. Feggulis' experience in the industry stems from building traditional PR and dynamic social media programs for multiple New York City based brands, including B2B clients Ply Gem and Neolith, as well as consumer brands State Farm and Bud Light Platinum.
During her tenure at Turning Stone Resort Casino, she drove growth within the hospitality brand's social media pages. Feggulis is a graduate of Utica College with a bachelor's degree in public relations and writing, and is certified in Google Analytics and Google AdWords.
As a marketing specialist, Merima Veiz of Utica will focus exclusively on marketing initiatives for one of Site-Seeker's largest clients. She will be responsible for managing budgets across various marketing activities, maintaining project schedules, coordinating tradeshow activities and communications, and more.
Veiz brings with her more than two years of experience as a project coordinator for Griffiss Institute Center for Information Assurance as project coordinator. She earned her bachelor's degree in business administration from SUNY Polytechnic Institute and is currently pursuing her Master of Business Administration from Utica College.
Ryan Gros of New Hartford is a media marketing student at Mohawk Valley Community College. As a part-time digital marketing intern, Gros will work with a number of Site-Seeker's clients developing digital marketing and social media strategies. In addition, he will gain first-hand experience in search engine optimization, online advertising, social media management, and more.
Before joining Site-Seeker, Gros held positions at Gato Flooring as a marketing coordinator, LOOK Marketing as social media coordinator, and WaterTop Unlimited as an event specialist.


Please note our returns policy does NOT apply to Asia. Please contact our Asia stockist for more information.
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We offer a one year warranty on all Tom Dixon products (excluding candles and diffusers). Please contact customerservices@tomdixon.net for further information.
From time to time we may run promotions and gift packages which may apply in respect of any, or certain specified purchases made though this Website. Refunds & exchanges are subject to our normal terms and accepted only when the full gift set is returned, including the free gift, with receipt. Items are packed separately.


In the suspense thriller, Gone, Jill Parrish (Amanda Seyfried) comes home from a night shift to discover her sister Molly (Emily Wickersham) has been abducted. Jill, having escaped from a kidnapping a year before, is convinced that the same serial killer has come back and taken Molly. The police think Jill is crazy and are unwilling to use their resources to help her. Afraid that Molly will be dead by sundown, she sets out alone on a heart-pounding chase to find the killer, expose his secrets and save her sister.


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HRC: 30th session, 14 Sept. - 2 Oct
Interactive Dialouge on Central African Republic
Norwegian statement delivered by First Secretary Paul Ø. Bjørdal
Significant progress has been made in promoting peace and reconciliation in the Central African Republic. The positive outcome of the Bangui Forum offers hope for an end to the conflict. Nevertheless, Norway remains deeply concerned about the human rights situation in the country, with numerous reports of violence and abuse against the civilian population. The deadly clashes in Bangui this weekend is a reminder of the volatile situation.
Norway commends the Independent Expert, Mme Bocoum, for her excellent report on the human rights' situation in the Central African Republic. Her recommendations are timely and appropriate. Norway supports her emphasis on the reestablishment of the justice chain and the fight against impunity, as well as the importance of including women in the peace process and in decision-making.
Norway commends the Transitional Government for important steps taken to combat impunity. The decision to establish a Special Criminal Court for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law is of particular significance. In order to break the cycle of violence, it is essential that those responsible for gross human rights violations are brought to justice.
Though the international stabilisation efforts have improved security for the civilian population, Norway underlines the responsibility to protect the most vulnerable. Special effort must be made to protect children, persons with disabilities, and those at risk of sexual and gender-based violence.
We are deeply concerned about the allegations of severe human rights violations including sexual exploitation and abuse committed by personnel in international operations, led by the AU, France and the UN in the Central African Republic. All countries that have soldiers accused of having been involved in such abuses must ensure that justice is carried out.
We encourage the Transitional Government to continue its cooperation with the UN, OHCHR, the Independent Expert, and other mechanisms of the Human Rights Council.


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Music is Supernatural
by Rob J Kennedy June 14th, 2019
June 14, 2019 By Eliza0 Comments
When I was researching this article I thought of titling it, Is Music Supernatural? But I've always known inside me that music is mystical; my research just confirmed it.
One of the problems in talking about music as being supernatural or reflecting mysticism is the language that surrounds these things. So I won't give a description of the supernatural or mysticism. That said, no one else has managed to describe what music is with universal agreement, probably because it is indescribable.
Just to be clear, I'm not talking about the religious or spirituality in music, but about that unknowable essence that music owns. Perhaps one way of describing music and its unexplainable quality is to say that music is a sound mirror of the self, of human beings; but it is also a system.
The ambiguity of music leads me to describe music as supernatural. But, music can also have a profound effect on us while its reasoning remains unknown and unclear. Our subjective taste for certain styles of music might lead us to feel that some music is supernatural. Such as, why does Gregorian Chant sound so unearthly? Or so much of the music of Arvo Pärt?
I am constantly pulled towards Ambient Music, the electronic variety mostly because of the way it relaxes me and sets my cares at ease. Composers like Brian Eno and Harold Budd have created the go-to sounds to help me get away from the distractions of the world. In particular their 1984 album The Pearl. This album may be the best music to explain how music is supernatural.
"Necrophiliac Fountain Flowing from a Grand Piano" by Salvador Dali
There have been many things written about the parallels between the western calendar and western tonal music. However, the calendar is a human construct, music is not. Music exists by itself in objects. Strike a log or a piece of metal and you will hear their music. Listen to the wind as it cuts across a taut wire, or the sound of waves crashing on a beach; there's music in these things.
It's fair to say that music has been manipulated by humans to create a certain sound, such as Equal Temperament tuning. This raises that old philosophical question, is the supernatural in music or in us? Is it our reading of and perception of music that makes us think there is something other-worldly about it?
Are we the ones, us listeners and writers who put the mystical in music or does it exist naturally? Stravinsky hints at supernatural music when he said, "If music appears to express something, this is only an illusion, and not a reality".
Composers like Messiaen and Stockhausen thought much about the supernatural in music. Messiaen's musical language with its unique structures and sounds described his own music as having the "charm of impossibilities". This might be another way to describe the supernatural in music.
British composer and music scholar Robert Sherlaw-Johnson said of Messiaen's music that "although it exists in time, it has the power to bring the listener in contact with eternity". He may have hit the nail on the head with his words. To me, this statement declares that music is supernatural.
When I, and I imagine you listen to certain pieces of music, you get a feeling of, how is this sound possible? Why does it mean so much to me? Even with asking these questions, you still love it and it is as close to you as your best friend, while it can't be explained why.
Certain instruments are better at exposing the mysticism of music, like meditation gongs, the piano, the harp and especially today's wide array of electronic instruments. The endless variety of sounds that can be created and manipulated in a Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) remain endless. There will never be a conclusion to the new ambient sounds that can be made from just one DAW on the market, let alone the many dozens out there.
Virtual Studio Technology (VST) is a plugin that interfaces with a DAW. There are millions of these available and what they do is let people create sounds in their DAW. Then there are synthesisers that make and manipulate sounds. These are used in most ambient music. What they do is help expose the supernaturalness of music.
A lot of ambient music is written the same way as classical music is. Ambient music will have a key centre, a time signature and use various pitches and rhythms. But, the way these electronic technologies twist and tweak music gives it that unearthly and unparalleled sound.
Music is ambiguous. Even with a label or description, most music can mean anything. And almost nothing else on this earth has the quality of music.
Ways of Listening How a performer creates images, narratives and meaning for the audience
The Musician's Honesty Let's explore the meaning of being "honest" as a musician
On 'Letting Go' as a Musician
Part 3 – Letting Go of the Notes The importance of lifting out of the piano keys
Part 2 – Letting Go of Criticism and Negative Feelings How 'letting go' allows us to cultivate a greater sense of acceptance and self-confidence
KABALEVSKY, D.B.: Pathétique Overture / Violin Concerto, Op. 48 / Vesna / Colas Breugnon
Empathy May Change How You Listen To Music


Tibby Jobs Presents, the TibPhone!
This iPhone 6/6s case features Tibby balancing the iPhone Apple, and is designed by Tibby's mom to look like Tibby.
* This case is meant to be a design only. In the event you break your case by dropping or misuse, we will not be held responsible and will not be able to replace your phone or case. Please exercise caution and care when using your iPhone!
Designed in Toronto, Canada with love. Made in China.


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On Behalf of Slovene Delegation Borut Pahor Supports Admission of Croatia to the Council of Europe
Ljubljana, 24 April - STRASBOURG/CROATIA/COUNCIL/EUROPE/PAHOR
Discussion on granting the Republic of Croatia full membership in the Council of Europe started in Strasbourg Wednesday. Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe will take its decision on the proposal by rappourteur Van der Linden to admit Croatia as a full member to the Council of Europe. Applied for the discussion were 54 parliament members including head of the Slovene delegation Borut Pahor who on behalf of his delegation will support admission of Croatia to the Council of Europe, the Slovene National Assembly Information Office reported Wednesday.
Apr 24, 1996, 12:04 mki/mki
Publish time: Apr 24, 1996, 12:04
Keywords: CROATIA
Author: mki/mki