text:
Seidel History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms
Early Origins of the Seidel family
The surname Seidel was first found in Switzerland, where the name has been traced to Swiss origins before the family's emigration to Germany in 1315, gaining a significant reputation for its contribution to the emerging mediaeval society. It later became more prominent as many branches of the same house acquired distant estates and branches, most notably in Brandenburg and Silesia, consistently elevating their social status by their great contributions to society.
Early History of the Seidel family
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Seidel research. Another 269 words (19 lines of text) covering the years 1315, 1533, 1544, 1699, 1729, and 1821 are included under the topic Early Seidel History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Seidel Spelling Variations
Spelling variations of this family name include: Seidel, Seidell, Seidler, Seider, Seidl, Seiden, Seide, Seydl, Seydel, Seidelmann, Seidelman, Seidemann, Seideman, Seid, Seidt, Seidmann and many more.
Early Notables of the Seidel family (pre 1700)
Notables of the time with the surname Seidel were the descendent of Georg Christoph Seidl, Georg Christoph Gottlieb von Seidl, who was a Prussian privy councillor...
Another 26 words (2 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Seidel Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Seidel Ranking
In the United States, the name Seidel is the 4,279th most popular surname with an estimated 7,461 people with that name. [1]
Seidel migration to the United States +
Seidel Settlers in United States in the 18th Century
Ernst Seidel, who landed in Pennsylvania in 1737 [2]
Johann Nicolaus Seidel, who arrived in Philadelphia in 1740
Nathaniel Seidel, who settled in Philadelphia in 1742
Michael Seidel, who arrived in Pennsylvania in 1742 [2]
Nathaniel Seidel, who landed in New York, NY in 1742 [2]
Johann Seidel, who landed in Pennsylvania in 1800 [2]
Bruno Seidel, who arrived in Puerto Rico in 1821 [2]
Augustus Seidel, who arrived in New York in 1825 [2]
August Seidel, who settled in Texas with his wife Friedricke Heiden in 1846
August Seidel, who arrived in New York, NY in 1850 [2]
Rosalie Seidel, aged 34, who arrived in America in 1901 [2]
Franz Seidel, aged 12, who landed in America in 1901 [2]
Anton Seidel, aged 2, who arrived in New York, NY in 1901 [2]
Agnes Seidel, aged 3, who arrived in New York, NY in 1901 [2]
Alois Seidel, aged 6, who arrived in New York, NY in 1901 [2]
Seidel migration to Canada +
Seidel Settlers in Canada in the 19th Century
Christian Seidel, who landed in Quebec in 1850
Ernst Alexander Seidel, who arrived in Quebec in 1850
Contemporary Notables of the name Seidel (post 1700) +
Frederick Seidel (b. 1936), American poet
Guenter Seidel, American equestrian rider
Thomas C. Seidel, American Republican politician, Delegate to Republican National Convention from Pennsylvania, 1908; Chair of Berks County Republican Party, 1927 [3]
Philip Seidel, American politician, Member of New York American Labor Party Executive Committee, 1945 [3]
Leon A. S. Seidel, American Democratic Party politician, Candidate in primary for Michigan State Senate 13th District, 1942; Candidate for Circuit Judge in Michigan 7th Circuit, 1953, 1957, 1959 [3]
Jean Seidel, American politician, Candidate for Secretary of State of Michigan, 1936, 1938; Candidate for Michigan State House of Representatives from Wayne County 1st District, 1944, 1948 [3]
Herman Seidel, American politician, Prohibition Candidate for New York State Assembly from Kings County 6th District, 1909 [3]
Emil Seidel (1864-1947), American politician, Social Democratic Candidate for Governor of Wisconsin, 1902; Mayor of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 1910-12; Candidate for Vice President of the United States, 1912 [3]
Edmund Seidel, American politician, Member of New York State Senate 22nd District, 1921-22; Candidate for Borough President of Bronx, New York, 1921 [3]
Edmund Seidel, American politician, Socialist Labor Candidate for Presidential Elector for Pennsylvania, 1904 [3]
... (Another 9 notables are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Historic Events for the Seidel family +
Werner Seidel (1922-1941), German Maschinengefreiter who served aboard the German Battleship Bismarck during World War II when it was sunk heading to France; he died in the sinking [4]
^ The Political Graveyard: Alphabetical Name Index. (Retrieved 2015, December 9) . Retrieved from http://politicalgraveyard.com/alpha/index.html
^ Bismarck & Tirpitz Class - Crew List Bismarck. (Retrieved 2018, February 06). Retrieved from https://www.bismarck-class.dk/bismarck/crew/bismarck_crew.html#crew_details
Seidel (German)


A great relationship with your dog should be built on trust and mutual co-operation. This takes time to develop and you should start building it from day one. Sadly, many dog and owner relationships fall apart, and many bad habits develop, because we don't know how dogs learn.
If you are going to train your dog yourself, it's useful to know how he learns. Dogs always learn what we teach them. We're the ones who, sometimes, don't realise what we're teaching.
There are two types of learning. One is where the dog learns to pair two things or events together. For example, after a few repetitions of putting the lead on your dog and taking him out for a walk, he becomes excited when he sees the lead. This is because he has learned to associate the lead with walks.
This type of learning happens without the dog having to do anything. In other words, he simply gets excited when he sees the coming does. The same thing happens with fear. Imagine you have accidentally hurt your dog while clipping his nails. Now, when he sees the nail-clippers he becomes afraid. Why? Because he learned to associate nail-clippers with pain.
Another characteristic of this type of learning is that one thing always leads to another: the cookie jar suggests a food treat . . . a car ride promises a run in the park. If a thing or event is paired with, and moves on to something the dog enjoys, that thing itself causes joy or excitement. If it's paired with, or followed by something the dog hates or is afraid of, it causes fear or aversion – a need to give what's coming a miss.
Learning to pair two things or events together is always happening, regardless of whether you're aware of it or not. This is because your dog is in permanent contact with his surroundings. For example, let's imagine umbrellas mean nothing to your dog. At the same time, he's afraid of loud noises. One day he happens to be looking at an umbrella when a car backfires loudly, frightening him. Your dog may become afraid of umbrellas, simply because 'something terrible' happened to him while he was looking at an umbrella.
The other type of learning involves the dog linking an action with an instant outcome. For example, the dog sits and immediately gets a food treat. After a while he will link the act of sitting with food treats.
Another example is the dog pulling on the lead and you delivering a strong jerk, causing him pain. Quite quickly he will associate pulling on the lead with pain. With this type of learning, the dog changes his actions according to the outcomes they produce.
Here is one example of each. The dog sits and you give him a food treat – that's a reward. The dog pulls on the lead and you pull him back with all your strength – that's punishment. The dog stops pulling and you ease the tension on the lead – that's stopping the punishment. The dog sits instead of lying down when you say 'down', and you don't give him a food treat – that's omitting the reward.
One of the most important ways of building a relationship based on trust and co-operation is to provide only two outcomes for your dog's actions – rewards, and withdrawing or omitting rewards. You hold the goodies and have the power to give them and take them away, without causing your dog pain or fear. By providing these two outcomes your dog will do more of what is rewarded, and less of what isn't.
When I explain this to my clients, many of them ask, 'How can I take away a reward when I call my dog and he doesn't come?' Your dog doesn't come when you call him because whatever he is doing is more rewarding. So, if you're using a long line to teach him to come when called, you can 'reel' him in if he doesn't come. That's a way of taking away a reward.
Rewards are powerful motivators, and dogs do more to keep them coming. This applies to actions we like, and to those we don't. Often, unwittingly, we reward the dog for doing what we don't want him to do. Imagine your dog jumps up at people to greet them. Sometimes they pat him . . . sometimes they push him away (a fun game, by the way)coming does sometimes they say: 'Oh, come on. Get your paws off me,' in a sweet tone of voice that sounds like praise. All these are rewards. Sometimes people ignore the dog when he jumps up at them, but end up giving him some kind of attention when he doesn't stop jumping.
What the dog learns from this is to keep trying until the reward comes. In this case, attention is the reward. Do you see how responsive dogs are to what we've taught them? Do you see how sometimes we don't know what we're teaching them?
Perhaps you've read or heard that when you want your dog to do something, you must use a commanding tone of voice, and keep your back and shoulders straight. This is not true. Firstly, your dog doesn't care if you're standing up straight or doubled-over. Secondly, a commanding tone of voice often sounds like shouting. Because your dog should have an excellent sense of hearing, shouting is unnecessary.
Thirdly, it's not what you do before an action, but what you do after that matters. This is because dogs, like all animals able to learn and have memory, do things depending on their past outcomes. Let's take a closer look at this because then you'll realise there's no point in repeating your commands over and over, while changing your tone of voice and volume.
If I say to you, 'Please sit down', and then ask you why you sat, you're likely to answer, 'Because you told me to'. But, in fact, you sat because of your previous experiences with sitting or not sitting when asked to. Perhaps when you were a child your teacher told you to sit down, you didn't, and he pushed your shoulders down. So you learned that not sitting when told to leads to punishment.
In this case, what made you sit again whenever your teacher told you to was the fear of being punished if you did not. Looking at a different scenario, you've learned that you become more comfortable when you sit, especially if your feet are sore. So my invitation for you to sit down is a blessing.
In short, your power as your dog's trainer is in the outcomes you provide for his actions – not on how you tell him to do something. Dogs don't understand any human languages, but learn to associate the sound of words with actions. If your dog could talk to you, he might say something like, 'When I hear the word "sit", I may be rewarded if I sit, or punished if I don't'.
Now here's a shocker! Dogs are eager to please no one but themselves. Please don't get me wrong. They do form emotional bonds with us. Wonderful ones. So much so that there's a common problem called separation anxiety. But when it comes to doing things for us, they comply if there's something to gain from it.
If your dog is full and you choose a food treat as a reward, he may not find that pleasant. In fact, he may feel punished. It's better to train him when he's a bit hungry.
If he eats boring commercial food and you use that as a reward, it's not pleasant either, unless he's hungry or you mix something tasty with it.
If you choose a toy he's been playing with all day, that's boring. Use a toy he hasn't played with for a while.
A pat and some kind words may be a good reward if you're training in a place that has no distractions. But if you're training in a place with distractions, use tasty treats.
The more you reward your dog, the more he will enjoy the training session and the more he will co-operate.
Rewards are not just food, toys, friendly words, and pats. The opportunity to continue doing what the dog was doing before you told him to do something is also a reward. For example, if your dog is playing with another dog, you call him and he comes running to you, reward him by letting him continue playing with the other dog.
Remember your dog will always choose to do what's more pleasant or interesting to him. Become the most interesting thing in his world, and he will choose to co-operate with you.
Can you use punishment to train your dog? Sure. But what you'll achieve is a dog that obeys out of fear. He'll do things in order to avoid being punished, not because he's enjoying doing them. In the long run, your relationship will suffer. And don't kid yourself . . . when you see dogs being incredibly obedient because they appear to respect their owners so much, that's often not respect – it's fear.


Some dogs come with perky, pointed ears, others have floppy ears and several other animals do, too, such as sheep, elephants and rabbits — but why?
One of the most interesting and, yes, loveable things about dogs is the way they come in all sorts of sizes, colors and styles, and that means types of tails, face shapes, fur and perhaps most interesting of all, ears. Some dogs come with perky, pointed ears designed so the inner workings are quite visible, yet others have floppy ears, a few species surprisingly long. Other types of animals have them, too — certain species of sheep, elephants, pigs, rabbits, cats and cattle, for instance — depending on the variety.
Tame animals also tend to have shorter snouts, and their fur is lighter-colored and often patchy or multicolored. It kicked off a steady stream of studies based on the theory of domestication syndrome. Thousands of years ago, our ancestors encountered both wild and potentially tame animals, which often came in handy for a number of functions, from protection to hunting to companionship.
When domesticated animals were deliberately bred to get more such animals, sometimes odd characteristics showed up. Try as he might, though, even Darwin couldn't get to the bottom of the connection between behavior and appearance. It's been scrutinized for decades. But more recently, scientists have settled on a remarkable hypothesis.
Further provoking thought into the changes domestication brings about in animals is the observation that drooping ears never seem to be seen in wild animals except in the case of elephants. In addition, tamed animals also undergo transformations in their characteristic behaviors; they seem not only willing but eager to be in the company of humans.
"Traits are passed down in families in different patterns. Pedigrees can illustrate these patterns by following the history of specific characteristics, or phenotypes, as they appear in a family. The inheritance pattern of this characteristic is considered dominant, because it is observable in every generation. Thus, every individual who carries the genetic code for this characteristic will show evidence of the characteristic.
A study on domestication syndrome published in Genetics in 2014 notes that Darwin's theory of heredity, particularly the fact that domesticated mammals have an observable set of heritable traits not seen in their wild predecessors (also seen in domesticated fish and birds), has been making scientists scratch their heads for more than 140 years.
The study proposes that "neural crest cell deficits" (described as "the multipotent stem cells that arise in vertebrate embryos from the dorsal part of the neural tube") occur during embryonic development, sometimes as a direct result of such deficiencies; other times as indirect consequences. The theory was devised by embryologist and anatomist William His Sr.,5 and emerged the same year Darwin's second book was published.
The diversity represented in this list of changes is recognized as a "major puzzle" and "one of the oldest problems in genetics," the study acknowledges, but may have something to do with the process of how domestication occurred.
In short, NCCs encompass virtually every particle of the brain, from the sympathetic ganglia to the craniofacial regions, but without involving the central nervous system. The common foundation, the study continues, is that all affected tissues are neural crest derivatives or at least influenced by them.
Genetics discusses "preexisting genetic variants" to explain tameness, as well as genes involved in how NCCs manifest themselves in tissues, but there's no genetic evidence that one particular gene is responsible for domestication as a result of mutations.
Needless to say, the study of how traits like floppy ears (as well as reduced muzzles and teeth in domesticated animals) and the lack of them in wild animals, including animals that are closely related, such as wolves compared to domesticated dogs, is a fascinating one. Scientists continue to follow a number of tracks to get to the bottom of not just why some dogs have floppy ears, but what it might mean in regard to developmental biology, neurobiology and genetics.
The trait of curly tails is an example of the many conundrums related to the topic. You can be sure that scientists studying not only Darwin's suppositions but those of many others who have introduced theories, gathered solid evidence and offered threads of scientific possibilities to build on will continue. In the process, we'll move toward a better understanding of heredity, epigenetics and human as well as animal behavior.
Next Article Why Oil the Bird Feeder Pole?


text:
Create javascript models easily using JSON

*not much to see here right now*

## license

MIT

## written in

coffeescript

### example

Examples are in coffeescript right now.

```coffeescript
class Vendor extends Mash.Model
	hasMany: -> [
		Product
	]

	fullName: ->
		this.name + ' : ' + this.address

class Product extends Mash.Model
	belongsTo: -> [
		Vendor
	]

	fullPrice: ->
		this.quantity * this.unit_price

product = new Product()
product.json jsonText

console.log product.vendor.fullName()

vendor = new Vendor()
vendor.json jsonText

console.log vendor.products[0].fullPrice()

```

#### Also check out

* https://github.com/meltingice/node-activerecord
* https://github.com/FineLinePrototyping/angularjs-rails-resource

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Federal Aviation Administration is preparing to require airlines to inspect fuel nozzles on some Pratt & Whitney PW4000 engines in response to several engine fires.
The fatal crash of a Lion Air Boeing 737 Max 8 on 29 October is the second worst air disaster in Indonesian history.
International Court of Justice judges have ruled that the US government must lift sanctions against Iran which pose a threat to civil aviation safety.
The flight crew's lack of awareness of a runway closure at San Francisco was the probable cause behind a near-miss involving an Air Canada Airbus A320 that almost landed on a taxiway on 7 July 2017, says the US National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB).


text:
Plant a Tree for Robert
Robert Fox
June 26, 1951 ~ January 6, 2022 (age 70)
Robert Duane Fox was born to Carl and Marilyn Fox on June 26, 1951, in Grand Rapids, Ohio.
Robert was a kind, gentle, and generous man who was always ready to help. Friends and family knew him to be a soft-spoken, intelligent, and deeply interesting man. He was something of a human-encyclopedia and was often resourced for his readily held information on a broad array of subjects. From childhood, Robert could often be found looking up from a book or article, feeding his curiosity and interminable desire for knowledge; a trait exhibited early and most prominently by his middle son.
Robert was a craftsman and an engineer at heart. Among many things, he was skilled in gardening, carpentry, mechanics, and electronics; he was a man of great ingenuity and a firm believer in quality. "Do it right the first time" may have been his unofficial motto. He loved Penelope, his '69 C20. He had a deep appreciation and understanding of nature, which connected him to cherished memories of life and lessons on the family's farm with his beloved grandfather Fred.
As a young man, Robert served honorably in the United States Navy. Through his patriotic service, he gained important global perspective, treasured life experiences, and valuable technical skills that would support his career in telecommunications.
Robert's final disembarkation from the hulls of the US Navy occurred in Norfolk, Virginia, where he started his own family and raised his six children. He loved his growing family, as shown clearly through many photos in which he is smiling at the baby in his arms or listening carefully to the child at his knee. He took great care to ensure the capable hands and minds of his three sons. By example, he taught them honor, chivalry, and integrity. He was immensely proud of his daughters, and for them he exemplified the model of a classic gentleman.
Robert returned home to Grand Rapids circa 2005, where he lived his last years in the home he built by hand with the help of his youngest son.
Robert Duane Fox, beloved father, son, brother, uncle, and friend entered eternal rest on January 6, 2022. Surrounded by the love of his three daughters at his side, Robert left this world faithfully to be with his savior, Jesus Christ.
Robert is survived by his children: Aimeé Fox, Timothy (Andrea) Fox, Theresa Fox, Kevin Fox, Erin (Nick) Paule, Justin (Sheryl) Fox; their mother: Rose Marie (Walker) Allen; his parents; Carl and Marilyn (Miller) Fox; his grandchildren: Jordan, Caleb, Devon, Faith, Sebastian, Cecilia, Alistair, Olivia, Benjamin, Kira, Inessa, Aston, Jackson, Jefferson, Jameson; his brothers: David (Connie) Fox, Stuart (Tina) Fox, Rodger (Patty) Fox, and many adoring nieces and nephews. Robert was preceded in death by his grandparents: Fernando and Bessie Fox, Fred and Jessie Miller, and his uncle: Myron Fox.
A private graveside service with military honors will be held for the immediate family.
To send flowers to the family or plant a tree in memory of Robert Fox, please visit our floral store.
You can still show your support by sending flowers directly to the family, or by planting a memorial tree in the memory of Robert Fox

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Running Archives - Page 9 of 11 EC inc.
V-log: Contest – What does ChiRunning mean to you?
Is everyday a miracle or is nothing a miracle?
Races: So many stories out there!
Video blog: What makes you feel alive?
Video blog: Exploring like a kid!
Lessons from the road: Sitting is evil!
Video: ChiRunning: Run like a kid again!


text:
Kaila Philo
It's been three decades since Earth was colder than usual. Three decades.
Using NASA data, Axios has mapped Earth's temperatures from 1880 onward, and it's a grim sight. The entire globe has warmed since recording began, but incongruently: The North and South Poles appear to be warming faster than anywhere else on the planet. "That Arctic, for example, is warming at more than twice the rate of the rest of the globe, melting sea ice, glaciers and permafrost," Andrew Freedman wrote on Thursday.
But it was this parenthetical note later in his piece that takes one's breath away: "The last cooler-than-average month was 30 years ago, in December 1984."
Temperatures have risen exponentially ever since. March, April, and May were all among the warmest months on record, and 2018 is projected to be among the five warmest years of all time—along with 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017.
2018 will end up being a top-5 warmest year. pic.twitter.com/eWWhGdapgo
— Gavin Schmidt (@ClimateOfGavin) May 16, 2018


text:
```
git submodule update --init --recursive
```

You should see the contents of `baselines`

## Train

```
OPENAI_LOG_FORMAT='stdout,log,csv,tensorboard' OPENAI_LOGDIR=/home/user/workspace/LfL_new/learner/models/log/reacher python -m baselines.run --alg=ppo2 --env=Reacher-v2 --save_interval=20
```

### Create & Use Custom Reward Function

- First, define your reward function. You need to change two different files. `baselines/common/custom_reward_wrapper.py` and `baselines/run.py`.
- Then, start training with the custom reward function by passing the `custom_reward` argument. For example,
```
python -m baselines.run --alg=ppo2 --env=Reacher-v2 --save_interval=20 --custom_reward 'live_long'
```

### Train with preference-based reward

```
OPENAI_LOG_FORMAT='stdout,log,csv,tensorboard' OPENAI_LOGDIR=/home/user/workspace/LfL/learner/models_preference/swimmer python -m baselines.run --alg=ppo2 --env=Swimmer-v2 --num_timesteps=1e6 --save_interval=10 --custom_reward 'preference' --custom_reward_kwargs='{"num_models":3,"model_dir":"../../log_preference/Swimmer-v2"}'
```

## Generate Trajectory and Videos

First, download the pretrained models [link anonymized for review], and extract under the `models` directory.

```
./run_test.py --env_id BreakoutNoFrameskip-v4 --env_type atari --model_path ./models/breakout/checkpoints/03600 --record_video
```
or,
```
./run_test.py --env_id Reacher-v2 --env_type mujoco --model_path ./models/reacher/checkpoints/01000 --record_video
```

Replace the arguments as you want. Currently models for each 100 learning steps (upto 3600 learning steps) are uploaded.

You can omit the last flag `--record_video`. When it is turned on, then the videos will be recorded under the current directory.


Camping can often play a central role in most of the 48 program features troops may choose as a monthly theme. During a monthly outing, each of these features can serve to provide a focus for activities that are relevant and engaging.
On many camping trips, meaningful activities are centered around the campsite itself, where Scouts are cheerfully pulling together towards the common goal to make and keep their camp comfortable and organized—everyone doing their part and helping one another. There's fun inherent in using the timeless Scout skills they've acquired, to create a campsite that is well-working and enjoyable. The Scouts' campsite can be considered their very own, personalized outdoor home away from home, and they can take pride in what they've accomplished as reflected by their ability to function as a well-working Scout patrol.


Selection of Greek Bakery products, that combine respect to tradition with natural ingredients, generously offered by the privileged Cretan land. Taste our Rusks, Breadsticks, Croutons and Cookies, extremely beneficial in a balanced, low-fat Mediterranean diet.
Delightful and healthy Greek Breadsticks (Krissinia) are based on traditional homemade recipes of the Cretan diet. They are produced in Crete only from pure and natural ingredients, according to the strictest specifications in one of the most modern facilities of the island of Crete, under quality assurance systems of IFS.
A delicacy that is based on extra virgin olive oil and its antioxidant properties according to Cretan-Mediterranean dietary standards. It contains olive paste made of original Kalamata olives P.D.O. (a Protected Designation of Origin product) as well as oat, a cereal well-known for helping reduce LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol). Oats are rich in dietary fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants. They were cultivated during the Minoan times and in Ancient Greece and were considered an essential nutrient. Current studies confirm their high nutritive value and beneficial nature for the gastrointestinal system.
One of the healthiest snack choices at all times. Easy to eat them during the whole day, accompany cheese and meat plates, salads, dips and drinks like tea and milk deserts, and all kinds of alcoholic beverages like wine, beer, whisky or vodka.
• 2 packs of 120g each, with Breadsticks with Kalamata PDO Olive Paste and Oat Grains.
• 2 packs of 120g each, with Breadsticks with Sunflower Seeds.
For Breadsticks with Kalamata PDO Olive Paste and Oat Grains : Wheat flour, whole grain wheat flour, 18% oat flakes, refined vegetable fat and oil (palm oil, corn oil and sunflower oil), sugar, 3% KALAMATA olive paste, 2% Extra Virgin Olive Oil, sesame, salt.
For Breadsticks with Sunflower Seeds : Wheat flour, whole grain wheat flour, 22% sunflower seeds, refined vegetable fat and oil (palm oil, corn oil and sunflower oil), sugar, 2% Extra Virgin Olive Oil, salt, sesame.
The company applies system management of food safety, certified by TUV NORD with IFS (International Food Standard) in Higher Level Score.
The Cretan Rusk history begins in the 16th century. Rusks were widely used instead of bread as they could be preserved for a longer period of time and they were given to farmers, sailors and shepherds. So the tradition continues until today where the rusks are consumed on a daily basis and they are considered by Cretans an essential ingredient for their nutrition.
These small rusks are based on extra virgin olive oil and its antioxidant properties according to Cretan-Mediterranean dietary standards. They were created by carrying on the tradition of combining whole grain wheat and barley, grinded in traditional mills to maintain their dietary fiber, which serves as a protective shield to the human body.
Our tasty, crunchy barley rusks are very nutritious and an ideal source of energy. Rich in fibre, without trans Fat and no preservatives, are a necessary complement for a good Mediterranean Diet. Packed in hygienic plastic bags inside a beautiful paper packing which protects and keeps the products fresh and tasteful.
Double-Baked, not fried rusks, are perfect for soups, salads etc. It is a modern suggestion for creative appetizers.
A delicacy that is based on extra virgin olive oil and its antioxidant properties, according to Cretan-Mediterranean dietary standards, as well as Greek yogurt, a popular product rich in vitamins and calcium, which contributes to the proper function of the digestive system. Covered with sesame and poppy seeds that are rich in zinc and well-known for their nutritive value since the Ancient Times. Seeds have been systematically used since 600 BC while Hippocrates considered them extremely beneficial in a balanced, low-fat diet.
• 2 packs of 120g each, with Multigrain Breadsticks with Extra Virgin Olive Oil.
• 2 packs of 120g each, with Breadsticks with Greek Yogurt, Sesame & Poppy Seeds.
For Multigrain Breadsticks with Extra Virgin Olive Oil : Wheat flour, 28% seeds mix (sunflower, sesame, poppy, linseed and millet seeds & barley, wheat and oat flakes), wholegrain wheat flour, refined vegetable fat and oil (palm oil, corn oil and sunflower oil), sugar, 2% Extra Virgin Olive Oil, salt.
For Breadsticks with Greek Yogurt, Sesame & Poppy Seeds : Wheat flour, whole grain wheat flour, 17% seeds mix (sesame & poppy seeds), refined vegetable fat and oil (palm oil, corn oil and sunflower oil), sugar, 2% Greek Yogurt, 2% Extra Virgin Olive Oil, salt.
Our delicious proposal combines respect to tradition with natural ingredients generously offered by the privileged Cretan land. A delicacy inspired by the Minoan Cretan Diet (2.500 BC). It contains extra virgin olive oil with antioxidant properties and Greek Feta Cheese PDO (a Protected Designation of Origin product), an exceptional calcium source, as well as sun-dried tomatoes that smell like summertime on a Greek island. It is a great flavor and taste combination directly from the Mediterranean cuisine.
A delicacy that is based on extra virgin olive oil and its antioxidant properties according to Cretan-Mediterranean dietary standards. The Greek yogurt which is rich in calcium, as well as natural thyme honey from the Cretan mountains, combined with cinnamon, creates a unique combination of flavor and taste. This nutritious treasure comes directly from Greek and Cretan traditionHigh nutritional value, being a great source of fibre, without trans Fat and no preservatives.
Tasteful and crunchy these cookies are of high nutritional value and extremely low cholesterol made only with Cretan extra virgin olive oil and packed in hygienic plastic bags inside a beautiful paper packing which protects and keeps the products fresh and tasteful.
Authentic Cretan cookie-bites : A creative assortment, which transforms simple bites of basic Cretan diet into gourmet delicacies. An ideal snack- accompaniment to our breakfast, afternoon tea or coffee for every age!!
.The pack contains : 3 Carton Boxes of 180g net weight each. Total 540g.
Melomakarona (Greek honey cookies) are one of the most popular treats throughout Greece during the Christmas Holidays and their intense homely smell makes every house smell like Christmas all year round. Greek melomakarona are incredibly soft, moist and flavorsome and soaked in a delicious honey syrup. Serve over a hot cup of coffee and you have a match made in heaven.
This is an oil-based cookie recipe that produces moist cake-like cookies flavoured with orange, bathed in a sweet honey syrup and topped with chopped Almonds. Gooey, sticky traditional Greek Christmas honey cookies with delicious festive flavours. There's no way you'll be able to eat just one!
Soaked in honey syrup and garnished with a spiced Almond mixture, these traditional Greek cookies are often served around the holidays.
Always on the basis of quality and respect for the consumer, we select top quality materials such as crust leaf, fresh butter, nuts and more. Products with high nutritional value, suitable for Vegetarians.
The company applies Integrated Management System for quality certified production, of ISO 9001: 2008 and ISO 22000: 2005.
Cretan Double Baked Croutons with extra virgin olive oil are the Mediterranean diet at its best: Flavor, aroma and nutritional elements. This combination is great to boost your immune system, known since the Ancient Times. Nowadays it is a feature of the Greek Mediterranean cuisine, highlighting its dishes and providing them with a healthy dietary profile.
The Minoans used to create their breads by combining wholegrain wheat, rye and barley flours. These croutons are based on Greek extra virgin olive oil according to Cretan-Mediterranean dietary standards. They were created by carrying on the tradition of combining wheat, rye and barley grinded in traditional mills to maintain their dietary fiber, which serves as a protective shield to the human body.
The Cretan nutrition and diet has been proven to promote health and longevity. It consists almost exclusively of products that the people of Crete produce naturally. Products that only the island of Crete and its ideal climatic conditions can offer. It is not only the uniqueness in taste and quality of Cretan products but also their combination, which gives an enormous nutritional value and can be found in every Cretan dish. Packed in hygienic plastic bags inside a beautiful paper packing which protects and keeps the products fresh and tasteful.
Double Baked, not fried Greek Croutons! Simply add in meals, salads or soups carrying the nutrition values of the Mediterranean diet. Ideal with salads and soup. Fresh and light suggestion : Enjoy them on top of yogurt with honey.
• 2 packs of 120g each, with Croutons with Extra Virgin Olive.
For Croutons with Kalamata PDO Olive paste & wholegrain rye : Wheat flour, 25% wholegrain rye flour, vegetable oil (pomace oil), 5% KALAMATA olive paste, 2% Extra Virgin Olive Oil, salt, yeast, tomato paste, spices.
For Croutons with Extra Virgin Olive : Wholegrain wheat flour, wheat flour, vegetable oil (pomace oil), 2% Extra Virgin Olive Oil, salt, yeast.
Cretan Double Baked Croutons with garlic and extra virgin olive oil are the Mediterranean diet at its best: Flavor, aroma and nutritional elements. This combination is great to boost your immune system, known since the Ancient Times. Nowadays it is a feature of the Greek Mediterranean cuisine, highlighting its dishes and providing them with a healthy dietary profile.
• 2 packs of 120g each, with Croutons with Garlic & Extra Virgin Olive.
For Croutons with Garlic & Extra Virgin Olive : Wholegrain wheat flour, wheat flour, vegetable oil (pomace oil), 2% Extra Virgin Olive Oil, 2% garlic, salt, yeast.
A delicacy that is based on extra virgin olive oil and its antioxidant properties according to Cretan-Mediterranean dietary standards. The Greek yogurt which is rich in calcium, as well as natural thyme honey from the Cretan mountains, combined with excellent quality raisins, creates a unique combination of flavor and taste. This nutritious treasure comes directly from Greek and Cretan tradition..High nutritional value, being a great source of fibre, without trans Fat and no preservatives.
Greek traditional Olive Oil Cookies from Crete with Orange and Sesame.
A delicacy that is based on extra virgin olive oil and its antioxidant properties according to Cretan-Mediterranean dietary standards. It contains natural orange juice - rich in vitamins. Covered with sesame, which is a good source of zinc, selenium and magnesium. It is an irresistible Mediterranean combination. It brings back childhood memories, so simply, yet in a palatable way. This nutritious treasure comes directly from Greek and Cretan tradition. High nutritional value, being a great source of fibre, without trans Fat and no preservatives.
A delicacy that is based on extra virgin olive oil and its antioxidant properties according to Cretan-Mediterranean dietary standards. It is flavored with Chios mastiha P.D.O. ( a Protected Designation of Origin product), which has been unique for its therapeutic properties since the Ancient Times. Mastiha is a resin and it is excreted from mastic trees thriving exclusively on the island of Chios in Greece. It is a rare and fragrant eating pleasure by a worldwide unique product.High nutritional value, being a great source of fibre, without trans Fat and no preservatives.


text:
from django.apps import AppConfig

class CatalogConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'catalog'


Just like the MX52, the Dunlop MX3S Geomax was first seen in the sole possession of the factory race teams. Using input from top AMA Pro Supercross and Motocross racers, the MX3S finally drops to the riding public. Able to cover sand, soft and intermediate terrain, Dunlop has created a knob pattern that greatly improves cornering bite and feel over a wide range of surfaces. For the competitive motocross rider, the writing is on the wall. With the likes of Ryan Dungey, Ken Roczen, Marvin Musquin, Ryan Villopoto and Adam Cianciarulo (just to name a few) equipping their machines with Dunlop MX tyres, these are the clearly the choice of champions. GEOMAX MX3S KEY FEATURES Derived from top-level AMA Supercross and Motocross racing New Dunlop-patented block-within-a-block knobs offer more progressive cornering action Enhanced handling and knob durability via more flex, and less knob tearing through recess carcass design Superior bump absorption through new damping control sidewall rubber compound and recess carcass design Directional front tire design provides enhanced grip and steering feel Superior grip in a wider variety of terrain REAR GEOMAX MX3S TECHNOLOGY Progressive Cornering Block Technology (PCBT): A Dunlop-patented block-within-a-block design that offers more progressive cornering action and aids in slide control. Enhanced Carcass Tension Control System (CTCS): Tuned carcass flexibility from recesses placed strategically along the tire carcass to help smooth ride characteristics and allow the bike to follow a line more accurately. Controlled-rebound Rubber Element in the Sidewall: This construction helps to damp out bounce, acting as a suspension component within the tire, so the tire can better follow the track surface. Multiple Block Distribution: By varying the pitches and angles of the tire blocks, fewer blocks are needed in the center area, and this enhances contact feel. Elimination of Tie-bar Design: Because the MX3S is intended for use in soft-to-intermediate terrain, the tie bars have been eliminated to reduce the resistance toward bending within blocks. This enhances contact feel and performance in sandy and muddy conditions.


Christopher, we think you are great!
They have been so great in helping my mom and my friend. When they call or I call Eva always answers my call or will call me back super fast. Always explains everything so well. I would definitely come to them again.
I have relied on their help in various matters and really like Nathan and Ryan. They care about their clients and will even traverse jungles, endure tropical diseases and cross riot zones to get their injury cases done!
I have sent several clients to Morris Anderson, all of whom have been extremely satisfied with the firm's professional service and the results of their cases. The attorneys and staff are very personable and competent.
Best guys in town! I highly would recommend this firm to all of my military friends. Thanks for all you do!
This law firm far exceeeded my expectations! The compassion I was shown blew me away and i would definately refer them to any of my friends and family !!!!
Ryan taught me about how cases don't just solve themselves. Instead, he says you have to get out, find all the facts, and tell the WHOLE story. That's the only way to get the fair amount for the case. It means legwork and dedication. I know these guys have it.


This past weekend marked the 99th Commencement for Seattle University. The Albers School had 309 undergraduate students participating in the morning ceremony on June 17th at Key Arena. In the afternoon, we had 264 graduate students receiving their degrees. We congratulate our graduates! We are proud of your accomplishments to date, and we look forward to your future achievements! We know you will go out there and make the world a better place! You have the skills and knowledge to do it and you have the values and integrity that this world needs! Go make us proud!
This year graduation fell on Father's Day. It does not happen every year, but it happens often enough. It's not a problem for me, since my kids are all out of town anyway, and for those fathers who have to be at graduation, putting the spotlight on the graduate that day should not be difficult! Having your son or daughter getting their degree is a huge accomplishment -- and should be a big relief!
At the undergraduate ceremony, Albers student Marlon Do Couto received the Provost's Award, which goes to the transfer student with the top academic record. Marlon transferred to SU from North Seattle College and is a finance major. He was active in the Redhawk Fund, the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Center's RAMP program, and has a job lined up at Parametric Portfolio after graduation.
Sally Jewell, former CEO of REI and Secretary of the Interior, was the honorary degree recipient in the morning ceremony. Besides having her daughter graduate from Albers, Sally has the distinction of having appeared in the Albers Executive Speaker Series twice! Sam Green, a poet and part-time faculty member at SU who was Washington State Poet Laureate from 2007 to 2009, was the honorary degree recipient in the afternoon ceremony.
Wow, next year will be the 100th Commencement of Seattle University! I cannot wait to be part of that, however there is a slight problem. Key Arena will not be available since it will be closed for renovation. We don't have an alternative location yet, so stay tuned!


How do economists make their models work. By assuming that investors have rational expectations and that every market participant is alike. However, things quickly get messy once economists start to acknowledge that people are different, interact with each other, and change heuristic forecasting strategies based on recent performance.
Cars Hommes navigates through the mess. He employs laboratory experiments with human subjects and fits complex models to empirical data with the goal of understanding whether introducing more financial derivatives can stabilize or destabilize markets and how the interaction between agents with heterogeneous expectations affects price dynamics in the housing market. Suddenly, theory gets much closer to reality.


text:
Weekly Series, What's Up With That Wednesday
What's Up With That Wednesday: Ponzi Schemes
Posted by romelantoine on February 16, 2011 February 17, 2011
Every Wednesday I'll write about an issue or event that makes me think "What's Up With That?" Today I write about Victoria Scardigno, a former airline agent who schemed over $1 million from unsuspecting travelers.
Ponzi schemes are nothing new. They started almost exactly 100 years ago when Charles Ponzi started taking people's money under the guise of a worthwhile investment, offering exorbitant returns, and rarely making good on his promises. It earned him a place in history. These days Ponzi schemes are rampant, the most notable recent occurrence being Bernie Madoff who 'made-off' with a lot of unsuspecting people's money. I shouldn't make light of Madoff's Ponzi scheme since a many people invested their entire life's savings and retirement funds in hopes of building brighter futures for their families but bear with me.
While I was reading CNN.com a story came up about an airline agent, Victoria Scardigno, who scammed hundreds of people earning herself about $1 million. Her scam was simple, sell fake travel vouchers for $500-600 a pop and then hope that people never try to use them. If they tried (albeit rare,) she would buy tickets out of her own pocket to allay suspicion. Needless to say, the authorities have caught her, and now she has to pay every person involved in the scheme in addition to facing up to 20 years in prison.
Victoria Scardigno, what's up with you taking people's hard-earned money and keeping it for yourself? Why would you think it's ok to just sell fake goods when you could have probably gotten any other job and thrived on it. You spent $15000 on Louis Vuitton items and almost another $1000 on Coach. Was it really worth it? How come you didn't realize that this scheme was ridiculous when you had to spend over half the amount of money you were making on it to keep it up? What's up with that? Did you have dreams of making as much money as Madoff or Ponzi? Now instead of being rich and having it all the only thing you're going to have is a shared cell for the next 20 years. It's a shame.
This isn't the only thing that has made me think "What's Up With That". Here are some others
AmeriCorps, PBS, NPR, and other essential organizations funding being threatened (thanks Megan Baker)
Proposal by the House of Representatives to redefine rape to include only those incidents which include violence (thanks Kevin Hartman, Ashley Thompson, and Krista Corwin)
South Dakota's proposed anti-abortion law, complete with 'justifiable homicide' provisions for killing abortion providers (thanks Bri Jeffrey)
Do you have something that makes you think "What's Up With That?" I'd love to hear about it in the comments!
Stay tuned for tomorrow's That's What's Up Thursday.
Ex-Airline Agent Pleads Guilty To Fraud In NY (newyork.cbslocal.com)
Madoff says banks had to know of Ponzi scheme: report (reuters.com)
Bernard MadoffBernie MadoffCharles PonziHedge fundLouis VuittonMoneyPonziPonzi schemesadscamschemesilly
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Next Post That's What's Up Thursday: We've Waited Long Enough


Scrap your car in Queensferry for cash, free collection and scrapping in Queensferry.
We can scrap your car legally in Queensferry, free collection and disposal, scrap a car and get cash today!
Queensferry is a town in Flintshire, North Wales, lying on the River Dee near the border with England.
Queensferry is considered part of Deeside, which lends its name to many of Queensferry's features, including the Deeside Leisure Centre, a sports and leisure venue which also used to host music concerts.
Queensferry does not have the usual cenotaph style of war memorial, but more a Memorial Institute. It is a corrugated black and white building which is near the entrance to Asda from the coast road.
We will collect the scrap car from Queensferry or the surrounding area and dispose of it through our nationwide network of 23 fully licensed Authorised Treatment Facility (ATF) Sites who will scrap your car in line with End of Life (ELV) Legislation, and provide you with a Certificate of Destruction which we file online with the DVLA. So you can rest assured your car has been scrapped legally.
For a hassle free fast way to scrap your car in Queensferry please complete the fields in the form to the right and we will provide an instant online scrap car price with the choice to accept and arrange scrapping or decline our scrap car offer.


After school care is available for all students in our Toddler Community, Children's Houses and Primary programmes.
At the two Tervuren locations (Rotselaerlaan and 'Savoorke'), the Wezembeek-Oppem location and in Woluwe ('Hof Kleinenberg') after school care is provided on-site until 18.00 each school day.
The after school programme for Sterrebeek is provided at the Wezembeek-Oppem campus. Students from Sterrebeek are brought over by our school bus to the Wezembeek-Oppem centre, which is just a 1.5 km journey.
The Secondary students often stay longer too. Either completing their homework, performing some research, having a chat with teachers and peers or preparing for their practical events ahead. The environment is theirs when used constructively and due to their age and maturity they perform these activities independently.
Trained adults, who sometimes also fulfill other positions within one of the centers, staff the After School Hour Programmes (ASH). Depending upon the age and capacities of the children present, a playful constructive programme is put together. This can vary from gross motor activities, such as football, basketball, diabolos, or devil-sticks, a multitude of art activities, construction activities either inside or outside, board games, music appreciation or sometimes just quietly reading a nice story together.
Whichever activity is chosen during this time of the day, the most important aim of the afternoon is to continue the approach that was done earlier in the day, to develop and maintain an outstanding feeling of self worth. "I'm proud and happy to be myself!" should be the message that goes home by the end of yet another fulfilling day at school.


While all events are free on Culture Night, some events have limited places and require booking.
The following events can be booked online.
4:00pm - 6:00pm | Custom House St.
5:00pm - 8:45pm | Cork City Hall, Anglesea St.
6:30pm - 7:30pm | North Main St.
8:00pm - 10:00pm | Tobin St.


Seychelles allows free-visa access to all the foreign nationals visiting the country. The visitors' permit is valid for three months and can be extended for another three months with further extensions not exceeding the total wait period of twelve months (1-Year).
Visitors arriving in Seychelles should have a valid passport with 6 months of validity, return or onward flight tickets, proof of hotel/resort/guest house accommodation and sufficient funds (Approximately 50 USD per day).
Focusing on the citizens of UAE, they do not need a visa, however they must possess the evidence of onward or return transportation, confirmed accommodations, proof of sufficient funds. Post it, they will then be issued a Visitor's Permit valid for a stay of up to 30 days. The stay can be elongated in 3 month increments to an aggregate stay of 1 year.
Seychelles, despite having the universal unilateral visa waiver, has further signed mutual visa agreements with several countries.
UAE citizens can also stay up to 90 days without visa in Seychelles.
Seychelles have a visa waiver agreement with Brazil that allows stay for a period of 90 to 180 days.
China has also signed an agreement with Seychelles which allows Chinese citizens to stay for a period of 30 days.
Seychelles has signed a mutual visa agreement with the member countries of the Schengen Agreement to stay without a visa for a maximum period of three months.
Also Read: 12 Beautiful Images of Seychelles – A True Paradise on Earth!


text:
Support of LD 1626, An Act Implementing the Recommendations of the Task Force on Changes to the Maine Indian Claims Settlement Implementing Act
Posted on May 4, 2021 by Lisa Pohlmann, former NRCM CEO
Senator Carney, Representative Harnett, and members of the Judiciary Committee. I am Lisa Pohlmann, the CEO at the Natural Resources Council of Maine, and I appreciate the opportunity to testify in support of LD 1626, An Act Implementing the Recommendations of the Task Force on Changes to the Maine Indian Claims Settlement Implementing Act.
NRCM believes that the time has come for the Legislature to recognize the sovereignty of the Wabanaki as a matter of dignity, respect, and honor of inherent rights. We reach this conclusion after decades of collaboration with representatives of Maine's tribes on a range of environmental issues.
NRCM has worked closely with Maine tribes on the landmark Penobscot River Restoration Project, legislation that restored fish passage for alewives on the St. Croix River, the law and regulations that protect Maine from mining pollution, legislation to reduce toxic pollution to Maine rivers and protect sustenance fishing in tribal waters, and increased protections for hundreds of miles of Maine's rivers and streams.
NRCM deeply values these collaborative efforts with Maine's tribes. We have learned enormously from these relationships. Working with Maine's tribes has been among the most meaningful experiences that our staff have had in their professional careers.
Passage of LD 1626 would provide Maine tribes with the rights and responsibilities of regulating natural resources and land use within the boundaries of Indian territory or trust lands to the extent provided in federal Indian law.
This change would mean that Maine's environmental and natural resource laws would no longer apply on Tribal lands, and federal laws would provide the minimum regulatory framework of environmental safeguards.
We support this transfer of responsibilities. Based on our experiences, we have come to understand and respect the deep sense of stewardship held by Maine tribes toward the natural resources that sustain life. We believe Maine's tribes will bring this stewardship ethic to the task of managing natural resources within their jurisdictions. We would be surprised if the Tribes departed in any significant way from the high standards of environmental protection established by Maine's environmental laws and regulations. Indeed, we would assume that the level of respect and care for these natural resources would exceed Maine's state standards.
With recognition of tribal sovereignty, the tribes may seek federal resources to increase their capacity to assume the range or responsibilities that come with the task of managing the natural resources within their jurisdictions.
Collaborative agreements may be required between Maine's natural resource agencies and the tribal natural resource departments. Additional staff, resources, and capacity-building may be helpful. But these follow-on implementation steps can be addressed after the first important step of recognizing tribal sovereignty has been taken. And that is what the Legislature can and, we believe, should do by passing LD 1626.
Thanks for the opportunity to provide these comments, and I would be glad to answer any questions you may have.
Filed Under: Testimony Tagged With: Maine Legislature, Penobscot River, Penobscot River restoration, Tribal sovereignty
About Lisa Pohlmann, former NRCM CEO
Lisa Pohlmann was the CEO of the Natural Resources Council of Maine from 2011 until her retirement in July 2022.


What will mortgage interest rates do tomorrow? Rates should hold steady, according to mortgage professionals voting on our daily poll.
Mortgage bond prices are relatively unchanged today, and mortgage interest rates have dropped slightly. New stats show building permit acquisition - a sign of future construction - is below the projected (1,000K) by about 3% (986K).
Last week showed an 11.9% increase in mortgage applications, a relative comeback after a 12-year low during the previous holiday week. Refinance applications fell 1% to 62% of all mortgage applications in the same week - the lowest since September.
The Fed will keep a close eye on upcoming data to support further changes in monetary policy. Two weeks of holidays brought momentary stability in the market place, but expect fluctuation and a steady climb in interest rates as we near the January 29 FOMC meeting. Bookmark this page for daily mortgage news and your rate update.
30-year (FRM) rates dropped by 0.03 to 4.50%. The 52-week high is 4.85%.
15-year (FRM) rates dropped by 0.03 to 3.50%. The 52-week high is 3.90%.
FHA 30-Year Fixed rates held at 4.25%. The 52-week high is 4.60%.
Jumbo 30 Year Fixed rates dropped by 0.02 to 4.38%. The 52-week high is 4.79%.
5/1 Year (ARM) rates held at 3.25%. The 52-week high is 3.37%.


text:
Q: Creating a c# class to accept a JSON array I am trying to deserialise a JSON stream response from a WEB API into a C# object. The call is
(code before)
return DeserializeJsonFromStream<DistanceMatrixObject>(stream)

The streamed JSON response is
[ {
  "id" : "904506056107888640",
  "type" : "SENT",
  "from" : "",
  "to" : "27836500923",
  "body" : "Testing of API in FreeQ code",
  "encoding" : "TEXT",
  "protocolId" : 0,
  "messageClass" : 0,
  "submission" : {
    "id" : "1-00000000001100359398",
    "date" : "2020-10-31T23:04:08Z"
  },
  "status" : {
    "id" : "ACCEPTED.null",
    "type" : "ACCEPTED",
    "subtype" : null
  },
  "relatedSentMessageId" : null,
  "userSuppliedId" : "testing123",
  "numberOfParts" : null,
  "creditCost" : null
} ]

The c# Object class is
public class SMSResponseObject
{
    [JsonPropertyName("SMSResponseBody")]
    public List<SMSResponseBody> SMSResponseBodies { get; set; }
}

public class SMSResponseBody
{
    [JsonPropertyName("id")]
    public string Id { get; set; }

    [JsonPropertyName("type")]
    public string Type { get; set; }

    [JsonPropertyName("from")]
    public string From { get; set; }

    [JsonPropertyName("to")]
    public string To { get; set; }

    [JsonPropertyName("body")]
    public string Body { get; set; }

    [JsonPropertyName("encoding")]
    public string Encoding { get; set; }

    [JsonPropertyName("protocolId")]
    public int ProtocolId { get; set; }

    [JsonPropertyName("messageClass")]
    public int MessageClass { get; set; }

    [JsonPropertyName("submission")]
    public Submission Submission { get; set; }

    [JsonPropertyName("status")]
    public Status Status { get; set; }

    [JsonPropertyName("relatedSentMessageId")]
    public object RelatedSentMessageId { get; set; }

    [JsonPropertyName("userSuppliedId")]
    public object UserSuppliedId { get; set; }

    [JsonPropertyName("numberOfParts")]
    public object NumberOfParts { get; set; }

    [JsonPropertyName("creditCost")]
    public object CreditCost { get; set; }
}
public class Status
{
    [JsonPropertyName("id")]
    public string Id { get; set; }

    [JsonPropertyName("type")]
    public string Type { get; set; }

    [JsonPropertyName("subtype")]
    public object Subtype { get; set; }
}

The error response I get is
Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializationException: Cannot deserialize the current JSON array (e.g. [1,2,3]) into type 'SMSResponseObject' because the type requires a JSON object (e.g. {"name":"value"}) to deserialize correctly.
To fix this error either change the JSON to a JSON object (e.g. {"name":"value"}) or change the deserialized type to an array or a type that implements a collection interface (e.g. ICollection, IList) like List<T> that can be deserialized from a JSON array. JsonArrayAttribute can also be added to the type to force it to deserialize from a JSON array.
Path '', line 1, position 1.
   at Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.JsonSerializerInternalReader.EnsureArrayContract(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, JsonContract contract)
   at Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.JsonSerializerInternalReader.CreateList(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, JsonContract contract, JsonProperty member, Object existingValue, String id)
   at Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.JsonSerializerInternalReader.Deserialize(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, Boolean checkAdditionalContent)
   at Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializer.DeserializeInternal(JsonReader reader, Type objectType)
   at Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializer.Deserialize(JsonReader reader, Type objectType)

I have a feeling I am missing something important here, I would appreciate assistance as I am not an expert at object oriented c# programming.

A: The error is pretty explicit in what the problem is:

Cannot deserialize the current JSON array (e.g. [1,2,3]) into type
'SMSResponseObject' because the type requires a JSON object (e.g.
{"name":"value"}) to deserialize correctly

The JSON is a collection (i.e. surrounded by [ and ]). And you're trying to deserialize into a single object (e.g. SMSResponseObject), which causes the error.
You should instead deserialize directly into List<SMSResponseBody>:
return DeserializeJsonFromStream<List<SMSResponseBody>>(stream)

Or alternatively, the sender would need to wrap the JSON array in a root property matching your SMSResponseObject class:
{
  "SMSResponseBody": [ {
    "id" : "904506056107888640",
    "type" : "SENT",
    "from" : "",
    "to" : "27836500923",
    "body" : "Testing of API in FreeQ code",
    "encoding" : "TEXT",
    "protocolId" : 0,
    "messageClass" : 0,
    "submission" : {
      "id" : "1-00000000001100359398",
      "date" : "2020-10-31T23:04:08Z"
    },
    "status" : {
      "id" : "ACCEPTED.null",
      "type" : "ACCEPTED",
      "subtype" : null
    },
    "relatedSentMessageId" : null,
    "userSuppliedId" : "testing123",
    "numberOfParts" : null,
    "creditCost" : null
  } ]
}

A: You need to deserialize to an object that implements ICollection or IList as sugested in the error message.
Here is a working example using the same code you provided.
Deserializer (Console app)
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using Newtonsoft.Json;

namespace json_to_obj
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var serializer = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializer.CreateDefault();
            var data = GetRawData();
            data.Position = 0;
            var obj = serializer.Deserialize<List<SMSResponseBody>>(new JsonTextReader(new StreamReader(data)));
        }

        static Stream GetRawData() {
           var data = new MemoryStream();
           using(var stream = File.OpenRead("data.txt")) {
              stream.CopyTo(data);
           }
           return data;
        }
    }
}

Model (POCOs)
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text.Json.Serialization;

namespace json_to_obj
{
   public class SMSResponseObject
   {
      [JsonPropertyName("SMSResponseBody")]
      public List<SMSResponseBody> SMSResponseBodies { get; set; }
   }

   public class SMSResponseBody
   {
      [JsonPropertyName("id")]
      public string Id { get; set; }

      [JsonPropertyName("type")]
      public string Type { get; set; }

      [JsonPropertyName("from")]
      public string From { get; set; }

      [JsonPropertyName("to")]
      public string To { get; set; }

      [JsonPropertyName("body")]
      public string Body { get; set; }

      [JsonPropertyName("encoding")]
      public string Encoding { get; set; }

      [JsonPropertyName("protocolId")]
      public int ProtocolId { get; set; }

      [JsonPropertyName("messageClass")]
      public int MessageClass { get; set; }

      [JsonPropertyName("submission")]
      public Submission Submission { get; set; }

      [JsonPropertyName("status")]
      public Status Status { get; set; }

      [JsonPropertyName("relatedSentMessageId")]
      public object RelatedSentMessageId { get; set; }

      [JsonPropertyName("userSuppliedId")]
      public object UserSuppliedId { get; set; }

      [JsonPropertyName("numberOfParts")]
      public object NumberOfParts { get; set; }

      [JsonPropertyName("creditCost")]
      public object CreditCost { get; set; }
   }

   public class Status
   {
      [JsonPropertyName("id")]
      public string Id { get; set; }

      [JsonPropertyName("type")]
      public string Type { get; set; }

      [JsonPropertyName("subtype")]
      public object Subtype { get; set; }
   }

   public class Submission
   {
      [JsonPropertyName("id")]
      public string Id { get; set; }

      [JsonPropertyName("date")]
      public DateTime Date { get; set; }
   }
}

Data (Raw JSON text in file "data.txt")
[ {
  "id" : "904506056107888640",
  "type" : "SENT",
  "from" : "",
  "to" : "27836500923",
  "body" : "Testing of API in FreeQ code",
  "encoding" : "TEXT",
  "protocolId" : 0,
  "messageClass" : 0,
  "submission" : {
    "id" : "1-00000000001100359398",
    "date" : "2020-10-31T23:04:08Z"
  },
  "status" : {
    "id" : "ACCEPTED.null",
    "type" : "ACCEPTED",
    "subtype" : null
  },
  "relatedSentMessageId" : null,
  "userSuppliedId" : "testing123",
  "numberOfParts" : null,
  "creditCost" : null
} ]

Deserialized list

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
> Michael Anderson—Interview with an Aboriginal leader
Michael Anderson—Interview with an Aboriginal leader
Aboriginal leader Michael Anderson talks about important contemporary issues such as resistance to the invasion, Stolen Generations, walkabout, religious beliefs, spiritual importance of land, artistic expression of the culture, the exploitation of Aboriginal art and many more.
About Michael Anderson
Michael Anderson. Photo: Brigitte Simon-Enderl
Michael Anderson (Nyoongar Ghurradjong Murri Ghillar) is an Aboriginal rights activist, leader of the Euahlayi tribe of 3,000 people living in north-western New South Wales, and Native Title claimant to their traditional lands on their behalf.
From 1969 Mr. Anderson was a leader in the Australian Black Power movement and was appointed by his peers as the first Aboriginal ambassador to white Australia after he and three comrades established what was later called the Aboriginal Tent Embassy on the front lawns of Australia's parliament house in 1972.
He was taught Euahlayi customs and traditions through his people's sacred ceremonies. In 1979 he was appointed to the Office of the Public Prosecutions in criminal law as an instructing officer (the equivalent of a solicitor) in the state of New South Wales.
Mr. Anderson has lectured in Aboriginal studies and Aboriginal politics at several Australian universities, writing and teaching units in Aboriginal studies that were inclusive of traditional Aboriginal society. He is the National Convenor of a new political movement in Australia that is promoting worldwide the continuing sovereignty of indigenous peoples.
Mr. Anderson is also involved in connecting the sacred songlines of the ancient traditions of Aboriginal peoples around the world in an attempt to prove that they have a Dreaming that links them to the original creation.
Mr. Anderson has also played professional Rugby League football, a game not too dissimilar to the American Grid Iron. He also paints in the dot technique.
He lives on and runs a sheep and cattle property on his ancestral lands on both sides of the New South Wales and Queensland border in the lower Ballone river system.
Mr. Anderson is available to give talks. You can contact him as follows:
Mogila Station, Goodooga NSW 2838
Mobile: 0499 080 660 (text messages and emails are best)
About the interview
This interview covers issues anyone who's barely heard about Aboriginal people might be wondering about:
martial resistance to the invasion
missionisation
stolen generations of children
the spiritual importance of land
artistic expression of the culture
exploitation of their art by non-Aboriginal people
deprivation of rights now
Adelheid Farid conducted it in December 2000 for Senioren Medien Forum, a citizens' radio station in Bonn, Germany.
To every story belongs a song. To every story belongs a dance. To every story belongs a person. To every story belongs a place. And they all connect when we go through the ceremonies. — Michael Anderson
Download the interview
English original
These files are ZIP archives containing mp3 files.
Michael Anderson interview (English original), part 1 (10 MB)
Michael Anderson interview (English original), part 4 (9 MB)
The German translation is voiced over the English original. All files are ZIP archives containing mp3 files.
Michael Anderson interview (German version), part 1a (11 MB)
Michael Anderson interview (German version), part 1b (10 MB)
Michael Anderson interview (German version), part 1c (10 MB)
Michael Anderson interview (German version), part 1d (11 MB)
Michael Anderson interview (German version), part 2 (11 MB)
Michael Anderson interview (German version), part 5 (8 MB)
Questions and answers (140 kB)
Please note that the copyright of the interview remains with the Senioren Medien Forum in Bonn.
Korff, J 2019, Michael Anderson—Interview with an Aboriginal leader, <https://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/media/michael-anderson-interview-with-an-aboriginal-leader>, retrieved 20 January 2020
"Sharing is sometimes more demanding than giving." — Mary Catherine Bateson
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Why are there so few black faces on television?


Artisans who work with felt and fabric are the ones who wear pins the most, do not they? This simple accessory is a facilitator when sewing, fastens the pieces and leaves all the cutouts in their proper place. The only problem is that the pins are very small, and therefore get lost easily. This sunflower door knob can organize those pins in one place and THIS is the tutorial on how to make one of these. Be sure to translate with Google translate if you are not familiar with Portuguese.


Housing 2019 - News & Views - What Does the Tech Explosion Mean in Housing?
Housing Associations have traditionally used legacy housing management systems, but even back in 2007 when I started working in Housing, there was a fundamental dissatisfaction with them. They were clunky, and the user experience was horrible. Suppliers were very slow to predict and respond to changing requirements in the sector.
Back then, there was no real alternative. Despite the frustrations and limitations of trying to get systems to do things that they weren't fit to do, many Housing Associations trudged on and persisted with existing suppliers because the pain and cost of investing in a replacement system was too great to contemplate. It was felt that the reward would not justify the investment.
Over the last ten years, a number of Housing Associations have begun to dabble with Microsoft Dynamics, but largely from a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) perspective, overlaying the legacy housing management systems with the new technology. Until recently, if you mentioned 'Dynamics' to someone in housing, they would intuitively think of CRM.
In fact, I was speaking at a Housing Management System vs Microsoft Dynamics debate in Manchester a couple of months ago and many of the people in the room, (a housing sector audience), did think we were debating whether Microsoft Dynamics CRM could replace a legacy housing management system – it can't.
However, the Microsoft offer to the housing sector is now based on the Microsoft Dynamics 365 platform, and when you consider the fully integrated end-to-end capabilities of the platform, including CRM, Finance and Operations, Field Service, Data and Reporting, you have a very different proposition to consider.
As shown by the Hitachi Solutions implementation of the Microsoft platform with the Clarion Housing Group, for the first time, there is now a viable alternative available for the housing industry.
Moreover, this single platform, end to end solution gives Housing Associations the ability to move between suppliers and support partners. This means real choice and flexibility to force the quality of response and support they really need. Another of the many benefits of the Microsoft Dynamics 365 platform, is that it is supported by billions of Microsoft funding and continual investment. Microsoft Dynamics 365 really is a true alternative to Housing Association legacy systems and it's time to think and do things differently.
Social Housing Supply Chains and Brexit report by Reallies reveals how problems can become opportunities.


If you are reading this, you are most likely connected to the Internet and there's a very good chance that you are using Network Address Translation (NAT) right now!
The Internet has grown larger than anyone ever imagined it could be. Although the exact size is unknown, the current estimate is that there are about 100 million hosts and over 350 million users actively on the Internet. That is more than the entire population of the United States! In fact, the rate of growth has been such that the Internet is effectively doubling in size each year.
So what does the size of the Internet have to do with NAT? Everything! For a computer to communicate with other computers and Web servers on the Internet, it must have an IP address. An IP address (IP stands for Internet Protocol) is a unique 32-bit number that identifies the location of your computer on a network. Basically it works just like your street address: a way to find out exactly where you are and deliver information to you.
When IP addressing first came out, everyone thought that there were plenty of addresses to cover any need. Theoretically, you could have 4,294,967,296 unique addresses (232). The actual number of available addresses is smaller (somewhere between 3.2 and 3.3 billion) because of the way that the addresses are separated into Classes and the need to set aside some of the addresses for multicasting, testing or other specific uses.
With the explosion of the Internet and the increase in home networks and business networks, the number of available IP addresses is simply not enough. The obvious solution is to redesign the address format to allow for more possible addresses. This is being developed (IPv6) but will take several years to implement because it requires modification of the entire infrastructure of the Internet.
This is where NAT (RFC 1631 ) comes to the rescue. Basically, Network Address Translation allows a single device, such as a router, to act as agent between the Internet (or "public network") and a local (or "private") network. This means that only a single unique IP address is required to represent an entire group of computers to anything outside their network.


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AMRF Mission
The American Medical Resources Foundation's mission is to improve health care around the world by donating medical equipment and supplies to hospitals that serve the poor in underdeveloped and developing countries of the world.
The AMRF headquarters, test/repair, warehouse and shipping facilities are in Brockton, Massachusetts, approximately 25 miles south of Boston. Donations of medical equipment are shipped to hospitals world-wide from this facility, and arrangements for engineering/technician training programs are made through this office.
AMRF seeks to accomplish this mission by arranging and providing the donation of:
Refurbished but Functional Medical Equipment
Technical Services to Hospitals and Clinics Serving the Needy in these Countries
Training of User, Maintenance, and Repair Personnel of Medical Equipment in Recipient Hospitals and Clinics.
AMRF is organized to accomplish its humanitarian mission by:
Soliciting and receiving donations of medical equipment and supplies from U.S. hospitals , clinics, manufactirers and private individuals.
Working with community based organizations to ensure the most effective distribution of the medical equipment.
Inspecting, testing, repairing, and procuring accessories and technical manuals for the equipment it donates to ensure the proper functioning of this equipment at the recipient hospital or clinic.
Utilizing to the greatest degree possible volunteer services of technical and non-technical personnel both in the U.S. and outside the U.S.
Utilizing to the greatest degree possible the expertise of management, academic, engineering, and medical personnel in the U.S., Europe and other countries to accomplish its mission.
Educating personnel in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and in other states in medical equipment management and supporting skills for their own benefit and to assist AMRF in accomplishing its mission.
By working with and utilizing U.S. Governmental, non-profit and other Non-Government Organizations (NGO) to the extent necessary to accomplish its mission.
Working with business and commercial organizations in the U.S. and outside the U.S.
Seeking opportunities for institutions to join with and to network with AMRF to accomplish its humanitarian mission.
AMRF Vision and Goals Statement
It is the vision and goal of AMRF to accomplish its mission by:
Creating a stable technological base for health care in the developing world with useful, efficacious, medical equipment and technology.
Establishing the appropriate level of equipment and technology to be furnished to each hospital and clinic serving the needy.
Facilitating the sharing of information and ideas between developed and developing countries that involve the issues of medical equipment donation, procurement, maintenance, repair, support and use, and the training of in-country personnel in these skills.
Looking for for-profit partners, educational institutes, universities and other to join in the accomplishment of its mission.
Developing aggressively additional core activities in health care delivery to the needy beyond the donation of medical equipment, training, support,maintenance and repair of medical equipment.
Creating within AMRF a stable and adequately financed organization and operations capability to accomplish its mission as a permanent, credible institution.


RENTED. Luxury and loft-like living at 57 Irving Place, this full-floor ultra-modern architectural gem offers 3 or 4 bedrooms plus huge library or guest suite, and 3.5 baths. New boutique condominium in Gramercy Park is close to Union Square and offers 24hour service, plus some of the most beautiful finishes ever available for rent.
Unsurpassed luxury in historic Gramercy, this private key-elevator full floor residence offers 24-hour concierge and a level of design not usually found in a rental. With designer finishes and floor-to-ceiling glass, features include an oversized master suite with private balcony, ENORMOUS walk-in dressing room with tons of storage, a spectacular 5-fixture spa bath with marble steam room, teardrop soaking tub, heated floors and spa shower large enough for two; The secondary sleeping wing offers tastefully designed guest bedrooms with en-suite baths, plus a glamorous white marble powder room.
The stunning sun-flooded Great Room overlooks Irving Place, with three separate huge spaces for entertaining or hide away in one part of the loft for private relaxation. The immense gourmet eat-in kitchen has an exquisite island with breakfast bar long enough to comfortably sit 7 people, and boasts double Gaggenau ovens, Thermador cooktop, double Miele dishwashers, wine fridge and spacious custom cabinetry for optimal storage, as well as a walk-in pantry.
This special home offers automatic windows and automatic shades, 5-zone HVAC with 24/7 filtered air, and a full size Bosch washer and dryer in the unit. Pre-wiring for Crestron, Cat-6 and Verizon FiOS, and private storage room with cedar-lined closet complete the package, plus this boutique condominium offers bicycle storage, cold storage and package rooms, as well as a cheerful high-security service team available 24/7 to cater to your every need.
Additional features of this property include: Marble Steam Room and Wine Fridge.
Located in historic Gramercy and designed by Audrey Matlock, 57 IRVING is a newly constructed boutique condominium which features 9 ultra-luxe full-floor residences. The unique "living glass façade" offers expansive walls of glass that span the entire front and back of the living spaces to provide over 100 feet of magnificent natural light throughout each home, allowing an abundance of light and air from both east and west. Just two short blocks to historic Gramercy Park and one block away from Union Square with its year-round Greenmarket, Whole Foods and gourmet restaurants, cafes, cinemas, theatres and exciting retail options, 57 IRVING is exquisitely designed with grand proportions yet offers low-key luxury living surrounded by its stately pre-war counterparts and charming tree-lined streets, enjoy modern living and easy access to all, just outside your front door.


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C2E2 Was Rad, Dudes. To The Max
Published by azalben on April 16, 2012
Reasons I had a rather amazing time at this year's C2E2:
1) Nerdist Panel: Holy flurkin' shnit. Getting to sit in on a packed panel filled with thousands of people, just casually sipping water next to Bob Shreck, was pretty amazing. If you don't believe me, here's a picture of me drinking water from the Daily Hey Now:
2) John Barrowman: I try not to geek out TOO much about celebs, but getting to interview Captain Jack Harkness one on one for MTV Geek was pretty much a highlight. He was personable, very funny, and gripped me quite tightly when I abashedly asked to take a picture with him later. I think we're getting married:
3) Shia LaBeouf: You can read all about it on MTV Geek, but I ended up hanging out with Shia LaBeouf outside the convention center while he had a cigarette and we chatted. You know, like you do. I have no photo proof of that, but here's a picture of him at his Artists Alley table:
4) Fans: There's a very, very minor level of celebrity that comes with hosting a comic book show and doing sketch comedy, that really only comes into play at comic conventions. But man, everybody was awesome, and it was extremely flattering to chat with everyone there at the Con. If you guys are in New York, stop by and say hello, I'm that naked cowboy guy in Times Square.
4) Party Limo: On Saturday night, I found myself riding to get deep dish pizza in a party limo with the MTV folks, comic professionals, and some booth babes. There was nothing not surreal about that. Also: deep dish pizza sucks, and if you think it doesn't suck, you suck. Take that, most of the United States.
I should also note that Brad hates that picture, but I think it perfectly encapsulates the party limo experience.
Last thing, apropos of nothing, but I snapped this picture of James Asmus – a great comedy guy, and comic writer who announced this weekend he was writing a new Gambit series for Marvel I hope you all pick up – with a clueless Gambit cosplayer. I think it's the disparity in their excitement levels that I find so funny:
Anyway, thanks Chicago, you were great. Except for the deep dish. YUCK.


The drugs-also known as NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)-increase the risk of kidney cancer by 51 per cent, and the risk increases the longer you take them. The risk drops to 32 per cent in those who have regularly taken the painkillers for less than four years.
Aspirin is the only NSAID that doesn't cause renal cancer, say researchers from Harvard Medical School.
The risk was discovered when researchers carried out a long-term (16 and 20 years) health profile of 77,525 women and 49,403 men, respectively.
Many common analgesics are available as over-the-counter treatments without a prescription; this means that people need to understand the cancer risk associated with these drugs before they start taking them, say the researchers (Arch Intern Med, 2011; 171: 1487-93).


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A Jewish Philosopher's Love, Loss and Solace
April 20, 2012 By Benjamin Ivry
Image by wiki commons
The German Jewish philosopher Ernst Bloch (1885–1977), not to be confused with the Swiss Jewish composer Ernest Bloch, is still remembered for such landmark books as "The Spirit of Utopia," "The Principle of Hope," and "The Utopian Function of Art and Literature: Selected Essays."
As a philosopher, Bloch was influenced by Karl Marx and G. W. F. Hegel, although he was also drawn to novelist Karl May, a German creator of tales for children about the American West. Although Bloch cultivated friendships with the Hungarian Jewish philosopher Georg Lukács (born Löwinger György Bernát), Kurt Weill and Theodor Adorno, little of a personal nature was known about him by readers until 1978, when Suhrkamp Verlag published a collection of intimate jottings written after the death of his first wife Else in 1921.
Still unavailable in English, this touchingly eloquent text from Bloch's thirties appeared in a French translation by Lucien Pelletier, a professor at the University of Sudbury, Ontario, in November from Les Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme. Entitled "In Memoriam Else Bloch-von Stritzky," the book humanizes the political philosopher, recalling how his late wife was "distressed not to be Jewish (authentically Jewish, of pure Semitic background, like Margarete Susman)."
A remarkable Hamburg-born German Jewish woman of letters, Susman was a close friend of the Blochs for many years. Else's dream, Bloch further recalled, was to visit the Holy Land with her husband:
Just thinking that she might see all that one day, with me at her side, would move her to tears.
As part of the mourning process, Bloch transcribes sympathy notes from friends, including Walter Benjamin who praises Else as a "being who, in all her behavior, brought us inconceivable comfort." These letters, from Jewish intellectuals such as the economist Emil Lederer, the poet Marta Karlweis and her husband the novelist Jakob Wassermann, all concur that Else was "luminous," which Bloch adds was strictly true. He recalls an incident in which, upon meeting her for the first time, the orchestral conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler "literally stepped back when confronted by the power of the beautiful light" which she emanated.
As solace, Bloch repeatedly reflects on Gustav Mahler's "Song of the Earth" in performances which he attended, conducted by Bruno Walter. Bloch especially relished the piece's last movement, "Farewell," with its words: "I wander in the mountains. I am seeking rest for my lonely heart." Bloch exclaims: "Mahler, my brother!"
Listen to parts of Mahler's "Song of the Earth" conducted by Bruno Walter, which consoled Bloch.
Theodor Adorno


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World Wide Web Foundation
Go toHistory of the WebSir Tim Berners-Lee
History of the Web
Sir Tim Berners-Lee
Sir Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989.
Image: © CERN
Sir Tim Berners-Lee is a British computer scientist. He was born in London, and his parents were early computer scientists, working on one of the earliest computers.
Growing up, Sir Tim was interested in trains and had a model railway in his bedroom. He recalls:
"I made some electronic gadgets to control the trains. Then I ended up getting more interested in electronics than trains. Later on, when I was in college I made a computer out of an old television set."
After graduating from Oxford University, Berners-Lee became a software engineer at CERN, the large particle physics laboratory near Geneva, Switzerland. Scientists come from all over the world to use its accelerators, but Sir Tim noticed that they were having difficulty sharing information.
"In those days, there was different information on different computers, but you had to log on to different computers to get at it. Also, sometimes you had to learn a different program on each computer. Often it was just easier to go and ask people when they were having coffee…", Tim says.
Tim thought he saw a way to solve this problem – one that he could see could also have much broader applications. Already, millions of computers were being connected together through the fast-developing internet and Berners-Lee realised they could share information by exploiting an emerging technology called hypertext.
In March 1989, Tim laid out his vision for what would become the web in a document called "Information Management: A Proposal". Believe it or not, Tim's initial proposal was not immediately accepted. In fact, his boss at the time, Mike Sendall, noted the words "Vague but exciting" on the cover. The web was never an official CERN project, but Mike managed to give Tim time to work on it in September 1990. He began work using a NeXT computer, one of Steve Jobs' early products.
Tim's original proposal. Image: CERN
By October of 1990, Tim had written the three fundamental technologies that remain the foundation of today's web (and which you may have seen appear on parts of your web browser):
HTML: HyperText Markup Language. The markup (formatting) language for the web.
URI: Uniform Resource Identifier. A kind of "address" that is unique and used to identify to each resource on the web. It is also commonly called a URL.
HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Allows for the retrieval of linked resources from across the web.
Tim also wrote the first web page editor/browser ("WorldWideWeb.app") and the first web server ("httpd"). By the end of 1990, the first web page was served on the open internet, and in 1991, people outside of CERN were invited to join this new web community.
As the web began to grow, Tim realised that its true potential would only be unleashed if anyone, anywhere could use it without paying a fee or having to ask for permission.
He explains: "Had the technology been proprietary, and in my total control, it would probably not have taken off. You can't propose that something be a universal space and at the same time keep control of it."
So, Tim and others advocated to ensure that CERN would agree to make the underlying code available on a royalty-free basis, forever. This decision was announced in April 1993, and sparked a global wave of creativity, collaboration and innovation never seen before. In 2003, the companies developing new web standards committed to a Royalty Free Policy for their work. In 2014, the year we celebrated the web's 25th birthday, almost two in five people around the world were using it.
Tim moved from CERN to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1994 to found the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), an international community devoted to developing open web standards. He remains the Director of W3C to this day.
The early web community produced some revolutionary ideas that are now spreading far beyond the technology sector:
Decentralisation: No permission is needed from a central authority to post anything on the web, there is no central controlling node, and so no single point of failure … and no "kill switch"! This also implies freedom from indiscriminate censorship and surveillance.
Non-discrimination: If I pay to connect to the internet with a certain quality of service, and you pay to connect with that or a greater quality of service, then we can both communicate at the same level. This principle of equity is also known as Net Neutrality.
Bottom-up design: Instead of code being written and controlled by a small group of experts, it was developed in full view of everyone, encouraging maximum participation and experimentation.
Universality: For anyone to be able to publish anything on the web, all the computers involved have to speak the same languages to each other, no matter what different hardware people are using; where they live; or what cultural and political beliefs they have. In this way, the web breaks down silos while still allowing diversity to flourish.
Consensus: For universal standards to work, everyone had to agree to use them. Tim and others achieved this consensus by giving everyone a say in creating the standards, through a transparent, participatory process at W3C.
New permutations of these ideas are giving rise to exciting new approaches in fields as diverse as information (Open Data), politics (Open Government), scientific research (Open Access), education, and culture (Free Culture). But to date we have only scratched the surface of how these principles could change society and politics for the better.
In 2009, Sir Tim co-founded the World Wide Web Foundation with Rosemary Leith. The Web Foundation is fighting for the web we want: a web that is safe, empowering and for everyone.
Please do explore our site and our work. We hope you'll be inspired by our vision and decide to take action. Remember, as Tim tweeted during the Olympics Opening Ceremony in 2012, "This is for Everyone".
This is for everyone #london2012#oneweb#openingceremony@webfoundation@w3c
— Tim Berners-Lee (@timberners_lee) July 27, 2012
Important Note: This text is intended as a brief introduction to the history of the web. For a more detailed account, you might want to consider reading:
A Little History of the World Wide Web
W3C's 10th Anniversary (timeline)
"Weaving the Web" by Tim Berners-Lee
Frequently Asked Questions, and Answers for Young People, by Sir Tim Berners-Lee on W3C website.
Web Foundation
Celebrating 20 years of Wikipedia
The internet has been a lifeline in 2020 – but not for everyone. Governments must act.
Three priorities for President Biden and Vice President Harris to show global digital leadership
Sign up for news, events and campaign updates.
Support our work to deliver a web for everyone.
©2008-2021 World Wide Web Foundation. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence | Terms of Use and Privacy
©2008-2021 World Wide Web Foundation. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence


text:
Reve, Reves, Revé, or Rêve may refer to:

People
Alexis Revé (born 1972), Cuban footballer
Gerard Reve (1923–2006), Dutch writer
Emery Reves (1904–1981), Hungarian-born writer, publisher, literary agent and advocate of world federalism
Ernesto Revé (born 1992), Cuban triple jumper
Karel van het Reve (1921–1999), Dutch writer, translator and literary historian teaching and writing on Russian literature
Odalis Revé (born 1970), Cuban judoka
Thomas le Reve (died 1394), Irish bishop and Lord Chancellor of Ireland
Torger Reve (born 1949), Norwegian economist
Wendy Russell Reves (1916–2007), an American philanthropist, socialite, and former fashion model
Rêve (singer), a Canadian singer-songwriter

Miscellaneous
Rêves (album), 2009 posthumous album by Grégory Lemarchal
Revés/Yo Soy, 1999 album by Café Tacuba
Rêve: the Dream Ouroboros, French dreamlike fantasy role-playing game created by Denis Gerfaud and edited in English by Malcontent Games
Reve's puzzle, optimal solution of the Tower of Hanoi, a mathematical game or puzzle
Reo (deity), sometimes rendered as Reve in Latin inscriptions, a Lusitanian-Gallaecian deity

See also
Le Rêve (disambiguation), title of several cultural works
Reeve, the surname of many people
Reeves, the surname of many people

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
A list of American films released in 1975.

One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest won the Academy Award for Best Picture. The highest-grossing film of 1975 was Jaws.

A–B

C–G

H–M

N–S

T–Z

See also
 1975 in the United States

External links

 1975 films at the Internet Movie Database
 List of 1975 box office number-one films in the United States

1975
Films
Lists of 1975 films by country or language


I began my professional career in 1991 as a third grade teacher in Solon, Ohio, after graduating from John Carroll University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Elementary Education. I taught at the elementary level for nine years before leaving to teach full-time at the university. Upon completion of my Masterâ¹s Degree in Literacy Studies at John Carroll, I was invited to teach literature and language arts courses there in 1996 and 1997. I began my doctoral work at Kent State University in 1997. As a doctoral student, I served as both a Graduate Assistant and a Teaching Fellow. During my tenure as a doctoral candidate, I was awarded a University Fellowship for the 2001-2002 academic year. I have been on the full-time faculty at Kent for two years. In 2010 I was awarded Kent State's Distinguished Teaching Award. I currently teach in the C&I, MCED, and ECED programs.