text:
P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University
YARSU DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
in the framework of Priority 2030
History of YarSU
Institutes and Faculties
Biology and Ecology
Information and Computer Science
Philology and Communication
Institute of Foreign Languagaes
Institute for Digital and Instructional Systems Design
Scientific Research and Innovations
For prospevtive students
Russian for Non-Native Speakers
History of YSU
Yaroslavl State University was established through the transformation of Yaroslavl Demidov Juridical Lyceum. The Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of January 21, 1919 signed by V.I. Lenin stated: "In commemoration of the October Revolution of 1917, which liberated the working masses from political, economical and spiritual oppression on the part of propertied classes, and placed them on a broad path to the sources of knowledge and culture, to establish state universities in the cities of Kostroma, Smolensk, Astrakhan and Tambov, and to change into state universities the former Demidov Juridical Lyceum in Yaroslavl and the Teachers' Training Institute in Samara. The date of establishing the universities should be considered to be the date of the first anniversary of the October Revolution — November 7, 1918".
A new educational institution was placed in the buildings of the former St. Jonathan Seminary and the Theological Seminary. In autumn 1919, these buildings were occupied by sick quarters and the University temporarily moved to the building of the former Gymnasium of Antipova. By autumn 1920, the original buildings were given back. Studies at the University started in autumn 1918. At first, students studied only in the evening as most of them had to work in order to earn money.
Originally, the acting rector was Valerian Nikolayevich Shiryayev, the last principal of the Juridical Lyceum. He also became the first rector of the University after the elections of February 21, 1920. Until February 21, 1921, the vice-rector was Vasily Nikanorovich Myshtsin, then — Alexander Alexandrovich Manuilov. The University was managed by the Council, consisting of all professors and lecturers (in 1918 — 13 people). As the university expanded its activities, the Council's functions were taken over by the University Presidium, consisting of the rector, the vice-rectors, the Council's secretary, the Deans, the faculties' secretaries and student representatives. The Presidium covered the issues of the university's current affairs which were then submitted to the Council.
The economic issues were under the authority of the Board consisting of the rector, the vice-rector and the departments' Deans (on January 1, 1919 — 7 people). The academic affairs were arranged by the departments independently. Academic issues common to all the departments had to be settled by the Academic Board. The Dean of the Law Department was Nikolai Nikolayevich Polyansky, the Dean of the Economics and Co-operation Department — Nikolai Nikolayevich Golubev, the Dean of the History Department — Vladimir Georgiyevich Shcheglov. On February 20, 1920, the Dean Vladimir Georgiyevich Shcheglov was replaced with Alexander Ivanovich Anisimov. In whole, the university organisation structure was not stable. The quantity and names of the faculties and departments continuously changed.
The first university students started studying in the only faculty — the Faculty of Social and Historical Sciences, which contained four departments: the Economics Department, the Law Department, the History Department and the Co-operation Department. The students, who did not graduate from the Lyceum, continued studying according to the Lyceum's training programme for the second, third and fourth years.
In spring 1919, the People's Commissariat for Education started closing the faculties of law and philology at higher education institutions, while opening the faculties of social sciences with three departments: law and politics, economics, and history. For Yaroslavl University this transformation was quite acceptable because the Co-operation Department easily merged with the Economics Department. The Dean of the Economics Department was Boris Vasiliyevich Chredin, the Law and Politics Department — Valerian Nikolayevich Shiryayev, who was replaced with Borys Antonovich Lapicki and Alexander Alexandrovich Manuilov. In spring 1920, the History Department was transformed into the Social-Pedagogical Department, and the Law and Politics Department into the Law Department. Special rooms were opened in the Faculty of Social Sciences to organise studies. By 1920 there were 16 rooms and 29 sub-departments.
The transformation of the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University started in 1922, when it was combined with N.A. Nekrasov Teachers' Training Institute (former Institute of Public Education). As a result of this transformation the Teachers' Training Faculty was opened. In addition, the University also included the branch of Moscow Archaeological Institute, which existed in the city from 1912. This decision was taken by the Chief Directorate of Vocational Education of the People's Commissariat for Education in February 1922. Pavel Nikodimovich Gruzdev was elected the Dean of the new faculty. The Teachers' Training Faculty began preparing teachers for technical and secondary schools. The first academic year was common for all students and from the second year there was specialisation offered by three departments: the Department of Philology and History with Sub-departments of Philology and History, the Department of Biology and Geography and the Department of Physics and Mathematics. In addition to academic activity the lecturers and students of the Teachers' Training Faculty worked with school teachers to improve their skills, and developed school educational programmes.
The University Medicine Faculty started its formation in January 1919. It was temporarily placed in the building of the Museum of Natural History Society, then in the building of the Theological Seminary. Ivan Osipovich Zubov was elected the Dean, on July 18, 1920. Later he was replaced by Pyotr Petrovich Dyakonov. Studies started on November 25, 1919. Because of financial difficulties, professors I.P. Rozhdestvensky and Ye.M. Shlyakhtin who started lecturing the courses in anatomy and histology, had to transfer to Tashkent University. Therefore, the anatomy lectures were delivered by Nikolai Stepanovich Solovyov. In summer 1920, Pyotr Petrovich Dyakonov was elected the Dean of the faculty. By spring 1920, there were 400 students at the Medicine Faculty. Eight special rooms were organised.
On October 18, 1919, the Workers' Faculty (Rabfak) was opened as an independent university department. On September 25, 1919, Boris Vasiliyevich Chredin was elected the chairman of its Council. Eventually, he was replaced with Adam Oktovianovich Blazheyevich. In addition to the chairman, the Faculty's Presidium included Vasily Nikanorovich Myshtsyn, a well-known educational specialist, Konstantin Nikolayevich Smirnov, and representatives of university students. Classes for the Workers' Faculty students were held in the building of the Institute of Public Education. Not only the university professors lectured at the Workers' Faculty, but also the teachers of the Institute of Public Education and the university students. The most attention was given to physics, mathematics and natural sciences. In the first year, the faculty had 68 students, only 15 of them passed to the second year. By the middle of 1921 both departments had 566 students.
In April 1920, a special Committee was set up at the university to develop the plan of creating the Agronomy Faculty. It included not only teachers, but also the representatives of other organisations interested in its opening (the Province Land Department, the Province Economics Council). The plan was developed by autumn 1920 and submitted for approval to the People's Commissariat for Education. The Province Land Department proposed state farms "Shchedrino" and "Varino" to organise stock-farms for training. In November, the teaching staff was formed. On November 20, 1920, the University Council approved opening of the Agronomy Faculty. Alexander Alexandrovich Manuilov became the Dean. To organise practical training, four rooms and two laboratories (inorganic chemistry and soil science) were created.
In the beginning top priority for the University was forming the library stock as it was difficult to organise the teaching process without it, especially student self-study education. Books for the university were given by different organisations. A Library Committee was set up to buy profile literature. By 1920 the university library had already contained 60,000 volumes.
Only 13 lecturers came to the university from the Lyceum but as the number of courses increased in autumn 1919 already 34 teachers worked at the University. There was no competitive selection for the vacancies, teachers were invited on recommendation. They often combined work in Yaroslavl (2–3 days a week) with teaching at Moscow universities. Such a situation was caused by the lack of permanent dwelling in the city for the invited teachers. In 1920, the People's Commissariat for Railways gave a special coach for teachers to go to Yaroslavl twice a week from Moscow. All newly employed teachers were confirmed at the University Council. By the 1920–1921 academic year, 144 teachers (43 — at the Workers' Faculty, 43 — at the Medicine Faculty and 28 — at the Agronomy Faculty) already worked at the university, 39 of them being professors.
Unfortunately, many teachers elected to positions did not come to classes or later refused to start classes, breaking the University departments' work. It was caused by difficulties of life in Yaroslavl after hostilities of July 1918 and rumours about an unstable position of the university itself. Though from 1918 to 1924 very prominent specialists worked at the university: lawyers Nikolai Nikolayevich Golubev, Boris Dmitriyevich Pletnev, Nikolai Nikolayevich Mikheyev, a historian and art critic Alexander Ivanovich Anisimov, historians Ivan Ivanovich Polosin, Valentin Nikolayevich Bochkaryov, Georgy Karlovich Weber, Dmitry Nikolayevich Eding, medics Ivan Porfiriyevich Rozhdestvensky, Nikolai Vasiliyevich Solovyov, a physicist Vasily Vladimirovich Shuleikin, biologists Mikhail Sergeyevich Kapterev, Mikhail Alexeyevich Yanson, Vyacheslav Averkiyevich Deinega, Boris Lvovich Bernstein.
In March 1922, the position of the Rector at the University was taken by Vasily Vasiliyevich Potyomkin, the head of the Department of Physiological Chemistry, doctor, and biochemist.
Student composition changed depending on the stages of reforming the University structure. 338 students came from the Lyceum. By the end of the first academic year there were 1,216 students at the university. According to the new entrance rules, rectors had the right to admit students throughout the year; therefore, the number of students constantly changed. Out of those who joined the university, only 201 people really attended classes. In autumn 1919, the University had 1,897 students on the list. In the 1920/1921 academic year, there were 2,316 students on the list, but 803 actually studied. 84% of students were from Yaroslavl and the Yaroslavl Province, others came from neighbouring provinces: Tver, Kostroma, Vladimir and others. Originally, student affairs were conducted by the Council of Senior Students, and later they were given to the Committee for Social Welfare. In autumn 1920, the Committee was replaced with an authorised person in charge of student welfare. Students delegated their representatives to the University governing bodies through the office of students representatives. In a short space of time, the University graduated many specialists, who represented different areas of scientific and public life. These were: a geographer Matvey Georgiyevich Kadek, a journalist Nikolai Grigoriyevich Palgunov, a medic Sergey Dmitriyevich Nosov, and a biologist Tikhon Alexandrovich Rabotnov.
Effecting the idea of curtailing the system of widespread university education and turning to preparing particular technical specialists, at the beginning of 1922, the People's Commissariat for Education started the liquidation of universities' law faculties. The Chief Directorate of Vocational Education of the People's Commissariat for Education suggested closing the Faculty of Social Sciences of Yaroslavl State University "as represented by its Law Department" by the beginning of the 1922–1923 academic year. However, the Faculty of Social Sciences of Yaroslavl State University presented a petition to the Chief Directorate of Vocational Education signed by its head, B.V. Chredin to allow the students of the 5–9th semesters to get an accelerated training to graduate by July 1, 1923. At the same time, the letter of September 6, 1922 signed by the Chairman of the Yaroslavl Province Executive Committee, Shelekhes, and the secretary, Pakov, was received by the People's Commissariat for Education. The letter contained the request not to liquidate the Law Department because it was the oldest one in the republic, was completely staffed with skilled teachers and was not a large budget item of the Faculty of Social Sciences. It was noted that the department conducted short-term courses for legal staff and the entrants (more than 100 people) already had been sent by the Soviet organisations. A similar petition was sent by the Yaroslavl Province Prosecutor and the Chairman of the Yaroslavl Province Council of People's Judges. It stated the necessity to preserve a higher law school in Yaroslavl, in order to continue training courses at the department of legal staff. These appeals produced a certain effect and on September 15, 1922, the Board of the Chief Directorate of Vocational Education decided to allow the advanced students to finish an accelerated training by July 1, 1923. In October 1922, the Board of the People's Commissariat for Education of the RSFSR approved this decision. On March 13, 1923 after the next petitions the Presidium of the Chief Directorate of Vocational Education Board extended the liquidation date of the Faculty of Social Sciences of Yaroslavl State University till October 1923, but warned the Yaroslavl Province Executive Committee and the University Direction that it was the final date and was not to be changed (p. 3, Protocol №16, March 13, 1923). The Faculty of Social Sciences of Yaroslavl State University "as represented by its Law Department" was liquidated.
Yaroslavl University was still in the system of the People's Commissariat for Education and was subordinate to the Republic. However, on July 17, 1923, the Council of People's Commissars issued a directive, order №457 announced at the People's Commissariat for Education, which stopped financing the University from the republican budget, suggesting to fund the University locally. In August 1924, the Medicine Faculty was closed and the Teachers' Training Faculty again became the Teachers' Training Institute by Decree №680 of the Council of People's Commissars. But earlier the University was denied local funding. The decision about stopping the financing of Yaroslavl State University was taken at the "Maly Presidium" session of the Yaroslavl Province Executive Committee of the Council of Workers, Peasants and the Red Army's Deputies (p.3, Protocol №26, May 3, 1924). Paragraph 3 states: "1) In view of the local budget deficit, causing the cutbacks on all the institutions of the Yaroslavl Province… to consider it impossible to fund Yaroslavl State University by the Yaroslavl Province Executive Committee and stop allocating the funds on July 15 of this year. 2) As the University is funded locally and stopping allocation of funds is subsequently equal to practically closing the University, to suggest the Province Finance Department negotiating with the University Direction the amount of the money necessary to liquidate the latter…".
Although there were no federal documents about the closing, Yaroslavl State University had to stop its activity for lack of financing in autumn 1924.
School of Higher Sciences
Juridical Lyceum
Demidov University
© P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University


text:
Q: Android Studio Recyclerview use Retrofit please help me..
i have 10 policy data on my PHP to show on recyclerview android studio using retrofit..but, when i run my emulator, the emulator just show 1 data..my plan just show PolicyNo..when i running emulator and check my log, they've said : my Number Policy Received: 10
sorry for my bad english :(

here is my policyActivity :
 public class PolicyActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final String TAG = PolicyActivity.class.getSimpleName();
    private String policyno;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_policy);

        final RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.policy_recycler_view);
        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));

        ApiEndPoint apiEndPoint =
                ApiClient.getClient(this).create(ApiEndPoint.class);

        Call<PolicyStatus> call = apiEndPoint.getPolicyNo(policyno);
        call.enqueue(new Callback<PolicyStatus>() {
            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call<PolicyStatus> call, Response<PolicyStatus> response) {
                List<PolicyNo> policyNo = response.body().getPolicyNo();
                Log.d(TAG, "Number Policy Received: " + policyNo.size());
                recyclerView.setAdapter(new PolicyAdapter(policyNo, R.layout.list_item_policy, getApplicationContext()));

            }

                @Override
                public void onFailure (Call <PolicyStatus> call, Throwable t){
                    Log.e(TAG, t.toString());
                }
            });
        }
    }

and this is my policyadapter:
 public class PolicyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<PolicyAdapter.PolicyViewHolder> {

    private List<PolicyNo> policyNo;
    private int rowLayout;
    private Context context;

    public static class PolicyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
        LinearLayout policyLayout;
        TextView nomorpolis;

        public PolicyViewHolder (View v){
            super(v);
            policyLayout = (LinearLayout) v.findViewById(R.id.policy_layout);
            nomorpolis = (TextView)v.findViewById(R.id.nomorpolis);
        }
    }
    public PolicyAdapter (List<PolicyNo>policyNo, int rowLayout, Context context){
        this.policyNo = policyNo;
        this.context = context;
        this.rowLayout = rowLayout;
    }
    @Override
    public PolicyAdapter.PolicyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType){
        View view= LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(rowLayout, parent, false);
        return new PolicyViewHolder(view);
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder (PolicyViewHolder holder, final int position){
        holder.nomorpolis.setText(policyNo.get(position).getPolicyNo());
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {return policyNo.size();}

}

PolicyStatus :
 public class PolicyStatus {

    @SerializedName("success")
    @Expose
    private Boolean success;
    @SerializedName("PolicyNo")
    @Expose
    private List<PolicyNo> policyNo = null;

    public Boolean getSuccess() {
        return success;
    }

    public void setSuccess(Boolean success) {
        this.success = success;
    }

    public List<PolicyNo> getPolicyNo() {
        return policyNo;
    }

    public void setPolicyNo(List<PolicyNo> policyNo) {
        this.policyNo = policyNo;
    }

PolicyNo :
 public class PolicyNo {

    @SerializedName("ANO")
    @Expose
    private Integer aNO;
    @SerializedName("PolicyNo")
    @Expose
    private String policyNo;
    @SerializedName("ADate")
    @Expose
    private ADate aDate;
    @SerializedName("ADATE")
    @Expose
    private String aDATE;

    public Integer getANO() {
        return aNO;
    }

    public void setANO(Integer aNO) {
        this.aNO = aNO;
    }

    public String getPolicyNo() {
        return policyNo;
    }

    public void setPolicyNo(String policyNo) {
        this.policyNo = policyNo;
    }

    public ADate getADate() {
        return aDate;
    }

    public void setADate(ADate aDate) {
        this.aDate = aDate;
    }

    public String getADATE() {
        return aDATE;
    }

    public void setADATE(String aDATE) {
        this.aDATE = aDATE;
    }

    public PolicyNo (String policyNo){
        this.policyNo = policyNo;

    }

}

api endpoint :
 @GET ("policy.php")
Call<PolicyStatus> getPolicyNo (@Query("PolicyNo") String policyNo);

A: Code looks fine except one thing which I noticed :-
Do this :-
LinearLayoutManager layoutManager
    = new LinearLayoutManager(this, LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL, false);

myList.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);

instead of :-
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));

A: I think you have given list_item_policy to match_parent. as you are saying you are getting 10 size in log. then this can be only reason. may be you will find items on scroll. So just change this to wrap_content.
Also check your recyclerView getting full height check in the preview.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The island nation of Iceland has a number of Willys Jeep enthusiasts. The CJ2A was once common in Iceland, and some 2,000 of them made their way there between 1945 and 1949. CJ2A Page reader and contributor Hjalti Jóhannesson has sent these photos from his country. According to Hjalti, the CJ2A may have been the most common vehicle in Iceland at the time. Most of those pictured are 1946 and 1947 models.
Believe it or not, Iceland can get cold! You will notice several of the Jeeps have unique tops made of wood or wood and steel. Also pictured is the 4WD stencil from The CJ3B Page.


text:
TOP STORIES / Germany
Dangerous trend: The train track selfie
A number of German teens - in particular young girls pledging each other eternal friendship - are taking selfies while posing on train tracks. This reckless pastime has forced the rail operator into a counter-campaign.
In reaction to what appears to be turning into a trend, Deutsche Bahn (DB) has launched a video on Youtube showing the lethal consequences of sauntering along railway tracks.
Girls aged 12 to 16 are particularly fond of striking the foolhardy poses: balancing along parallel tracks that disappear in the distance, holding hands, giggling and taking photos with their smartphones.
A click on the online photo and video sharing service Instagram using the search term "Gleis" or "Gleisen" (German for train track, and train tracks) shows many thousands of photos posted by young girls. Experts say that teenage girls enjoy cultivating an image, and are particularly active on social media.
Girls also tend to stage their friendships in a highly emotional manner.
Posing on or next to train tracks with their best friend is regarded as romantic, a symbol that they, like the parallel rails, will never part - it is fast gaining popularity.
"The girls are so engrossed in posing and taking pictures that they can easily forget their surroundings. They risk not hearing an approaching train until it is too late to react," said Frank Borchert, German Federal Police press spokesman. "It's totally dangerous," he told DW, pointing out that a train travelling at a speed of 160 km/h covers 100 meters in a little over two seconds.
Careless teenagers
Four young girls aged 16 or under have died since 2011 because they were caught by surprise by trains while taking selfies on the tracks, Borchert told DW.
The German railway company's blatant video warning of selfies on the tracks is part of the "Wir wollen, dass du sicher ankommst" (We want you to arrive safely) campaign: highly emotional videos that DB hopes will raise awareness of the various dangers people face on railway tracks.
One video portrays a group of teenagers driving at night, who think they'll make it across a train crossing just ahead of an approaching train - but they don't. Another shows the risks of climbing around near the overhead contact wires.
All in the name of eternal friendship
A DB spokeswoman told DW that it's important the target group notices the Youtube clip - a week after it was launched, it had almost 47,000 views - and takes it to heart. So far in 2015, she said, DB had recorded 84 deaths as a result of people illegally accessing railroad property, for instance by climbing on freight train carriages or taking shortcuts across the tracks.
Don't risk your life for a selfie
Authorities also warn kids from wearing headphones around trains. Earlier this year, a young boy was injured by a train as he was walking along the tracks between two platforms. He hadn't heard the train driver's warning horn. A man in Saxony-Anhalt was killed when crossing a train track wearing headphones because he didn't notice the approaching train.
Trespassing onto railroad property can cost a hefty fine of thousands of euros, and if it endangers DB operations, it could potentially be regarded as a criminal act punishable by jail. Apart from risking their lives, that's a high price for a selfie to immortalize friendship.
'Holy fake' – Pope Francis #selfie goes viral
An Instagram photo rumored to be Pope Francis's first-ever 'selfie' has tallied tens of thousands of likes. But is the photo too good to be true? (15.12.2015)
When do 'selfies' cross the line?
"Selfies" taken in front of a deadly building explosion in New York City are being criticized as insensitive. Do photographers need a "Selfie-quette?" (01.12.2015)
Selfies forbidden: Replace your smartphone with a pencil and a sketchbook
The Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam now encourages visitors to draw their works of art - instead of just taking a picture. Other museums all over the world have selfie sticks on their blacklist. (27.11.2015)
Author Dagmar Breitenbach
Related Subjects Selfie, Deutsche Bahn
Keywords selfie, social media, train tracks, Deutsche Bahn, federal police, teenagers
Send us your feedback.
Permalink https://p.dw.com/p/1HRBw
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text:
El reconeixement d'acció per trajectòries denses és un tipus de descriptor visual que captura la informació de moviment espaciotemporal del vídeo.

Motivació
Avui en dia la recuperació de les dades i la gestió intel·ligent de les dades de vídeo s'està convertint en un dels temes de recerca actius en el camp de la visió per computador més importants perquè tenim un ràpid augment en la quantitat de vídeos i arxius digitals generats dia a dia. Referent al camp de l'anàlisi de vídeo, la recerca està sent enfocada al reconeixement d'acció o moviment i la interpretació de les accions fetes pels humans. L'anàlisi d'activitat humana ha rebut una considerable atenció en les últimes dues dècades, aquesta anàlisi és important en moltes aplicacions de visió per computador, inclosos vigilància per vídeo, la recuperació de vídeo basat en el contingut, etc.

L'anàlisi de característiques locals són una forma popular i exitosa per al reconeixement d'accions. Per dur-ho a terme s'han estat utilitzant diversos detectors de punts d'interès com:

 Detector de Harris: detector de córners o cantonades, la idea bàsica és que mitjançant una petita finestra de MxN píxels desplaçada per sobre de la imatge detectem les cantonades allà on hagi un gran canvi d'aparença en diferents direccions.
 Filtre Gabor: detector emprat per a la detecció de contorns i regions prominents; per aconseguir-ho es convoluciona amb la imatge un filtre inspirat en el laplacià el qual busca els creuaments per zero de la derivada de segon ordre per detectar els contorns.
 Matriu hessiana: l'anàlisi amb matrius hessianes és molt utilitzada per a la detecció de regions que sobresurten, és a dir, les regions que difereixen en propietats com la brillantor o el color respecte a les regions circumdants s'agrupen formant "taques" (reconeixement de regions). La raó principal és proporcionar informació complementària sobre les regions, que no s'obté de detectores de contorns o de cantonada.

Aquests mètodes són intuïtius per al domini espacial (2D) i el temporal (1D), per tant, extrapolar-ho a un espai en 3D pot ser també bastant intuïtiu, no obstant, aquesta manera de treballar no és gaire efectiva, ja que en definitiva s'està detectant només els punts més rellevants de la imatge i s'hauría d'implementar alguna altra eina per poder treballar de manera més robusta. Alguns mètodes recents mostren molts bons resultats per al reconeixement d'accions mitjançant l'aprofitament de la informació produïda pel moviment de les trajectòries.

Trajectòries denses
Una representació densa garanteix una bona cobertura de primer pla de moviment, així com del context circumdant. Com a descriptor, s'extreuen les característiques de les trajectòries per caracteritzar la forma i coordenades (mostreig dens), l'aparença (histogrames de gradient orientat) i el moviment (histogrames de flux òptic). A més, s'introdueixen amb un altre descriptor anomenat MBH (histograma de moviment limitat) el qual limita el moviment que volem analitzar.

Mostreig dens

La idea principal del mostreig dens, de l'anglès "Dense Sampling" és mostrejar la imatge mitjançant una quadricula de 'W' píxels. Això garanteix que tots els punts característics estiguin cobertes per igual en cada posició. L'objectiu és fer un seguiment de tots aquests punts mostrejats a través del vídeo. Un cop obtinguts els requadres de la quadricula aquests es refinen i es processen per a obtenir la informació que hi ha en el seu interior, posteriorment s'eliminen aquells requadres de la quadricula que no contenen informació.

Descripció de les trajectòries
Els punts característics es rastregen en cada escala espacial per separat, és a dir, per a cada trama Ft s'analitza el flux òptic (wt = ut + vt) on ut i vt són els components horitzontals i verticals del flux òptic; posteriorment, a la següent trama Ft+T es tornarà a analitzar per determinar la seva trajectòria. Un cop el flux òptic és analitzat, els punts poden ser rastrejats densament sense cap cost addicional. A conseqüència les trames són concatenades formant trajectòries (Pt, Pt+1, Pt+2...). Com en el vídeo tindrem seccions de la imatge que no es moguin, dins d'aquestes trames analitzades tindrem trajectòries estàtiques, és a dir, trajectòries que no contindran informació de moviment, aquestes seran eliminades en un post-procés on també seran eliminades aquelles que efectuïn un moviment molt brusc i per tant el més probable és que la informació de moviment sigui errònia.

Descriptors de moviment i estructura
A més de la informació de la trajectòria, també es defineix l'aparença i la informació del moviment mitjançant diferents descriptors.

Histogrames de flux i gradient
L'histograma de gradients orientats (HOG, de l'anglès Histograms of Oriented Gradients) i l'histograma de flux òptic (HOF, de l'anglès Histograms of Optical Flow) estan donant excel·lents resultats respecte altres descriptors de reconeixement d'acció. L'HOG es focalitza en l'aparença estàtica del punt d'interès. La tècnica té en compte l'orientació del gradient en diferents àrees de la imatge, l'algoritme es basa en el fet que la forma d'un objecte en la imatge pot ser descrit mitjançant la distribució dels gradients i l'orientació dels píxels. L'HOF, en canvi, es focalitza en el moviment local del punt característic, és a dir, té el propòsit d'analitzar el patró de moviment aparent dels objectes no estàtics. Cadascun d'aquests dos descriptors per separat són febles, però en conjunt, és a dir, combinant el patró de moviment (flux)i la informació del gradient (aparença o forma) són altament robustos i cometen pocs errors.

Histogrames de límits de moviments
El flux òptic representa el moviment absolut entre dos trames, aquest conté moviment de moltes fonts (moviment de càmera, moviment del fons...). Si es considera el moviment de la càmera com a moviment d'acció s'obtindrà una lectura errònia del moviment i per tant posteriorment es durà a terme una mala classificació. Per solucionar aquest problema es va proposar el descriptor MBH (Histogrames de Moviment Limitat, de l'anglès Motion Boundary Histogram). Aquest, té com a propòsit detectar les accions produïdes pels humans processant per separat els components verticals i horitzontal del flux òptic els quals són guardats en un histograma. En definitiva MBH està representant el gradient del flux òptic, per tant, aquest podrà discriminar quins píxels o punts no contenen la informació de moviment produïda per una acció humana i d'aquesta manera puguin ser retirats.

Referències

Vegeu també
 Seguiment d'objectes
 Scale-invariant feature transform
 Extracció de característiques

Enllaços externs
 Animació de trajectòries denses

Tecnologies audiovisuals

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Essex County Council's leader Cllr David Finch lobbied MPs in February for urgent clarity over the Government's business rate reform plans.
Cllr Finch was invited to give evidence to the CLG Select Committee where he sought greater transparency on plans to let all local councils keep 75% of business rates from 2020/21 when central Government funding ceases, eventually moving to 100% retention.
In Essex, £625 million of rates are currently collected but just £304 million is spent locally – the rest goes back to the Treasury.
"Keeping business rates would give us the financial stability we need to realise our strategic ambitions for Essex and drive prosperity for all," said Cllr Finch.
When central Government grant funding comes to an end in 2020/21, the Council estimates a funding gap of £94 million.
If the Council, along with Southend Borough Council, district, borough and city councils, had been chosen to become a 100% retention pilot area, local councils would have received £38 million of extra funding, including £8 million for Essex County Council.
Cllr Finch said: "It is unclear if the 75% scheme even helps. The additional 25% comes with a series of commitments, such as business rates being used to fund items like public health, which is currently funded by a separate grant.
"So we will lose the specific grant but maintain the requirement to deliver the service. The majority of funding under the 75% scheme is therefore merely a transfer of funding streams, it does not provide any additional money.


text:
Q: Exchanges Count at Camel Endpoint I've a timer route. When the period config on the route elapses, I'd like calculate the number of exchanges at a specified endpoint.
I've been searching fora way to achieve this in vain. I'll appreciate any info that can help me achieve this. My timer route config is as shown:
from("timer://controller?fixedRate=true&period=5000").to("ref:routesManager")

A: Apache Camel has a ton of information in JMX. So you can grab the stats from there
http://camel.apache.org/camel-jmx.html


text:
StarTiger - Browsing Category Home->Performing Arts->Selected Movie/TV Casts->Star Trek , A-Z Filter: J
Browsing Category Home->Performing Arts->Selected Movie/TV Casts->Star Trek , A-Z Filter: J
Selected Movie/TV Casts
Sherry Jackson
Actress (b: 1942) - Make Room For Daddy (as Terry '53-'58),Ma & Pa Kettle films (as Susie Kettle),Gunn,Brenda Starr Reporter (title role),The Mini Skirt Mob,Wild On The Beach,The Monitors,When I Grow Up,The Miracle-Lady Fatima,Batman (2 eps. - Pauline)
Tom Jackson (5)
Folk Singer & Actor: North of 60, Clearcut, Star Trek TNG, Law & Order CI, Skinwalkers // Member of the Order of Canada
Scott Jaeck
Actor - ER, Charmed, Remington Steele, Star Trek TNG&DSN
Anthony James
Actor: Burnt Offerings, Unforgiven, In the Heat of the Night, Gunsmoke, Vanishing Point, The Teacher, Ravagers, Wacko, Blue Thunder, Mortuary Academy, Howling IV, The Naked Gun 2 1/2, High Plains Drifter, Star Trek The Next Generation, The A-Team
Richard D. James
Set designer who worked on Star Trek: The Next Generation and Star Trek: Voyager. He designed the interiors of the USS Enterprise-D from the second to the final seasons. He also designed the Danube-class aft compartment (seen only in 'Timescape')
Roman James
Actress: Star Trek ENT
James W. Jansen
actor (star trek ds9, trials & tribble-ations)
Todd Jeffries
Actor: Family Ties, Real Men, Who's the Boss?, MacGyver, The Fabulous Baker Boys, False Identity, The Arrival, Afterburn, The Colony, Executive Decision, Seinfeld, The X-Files, Star Trek Voyager, 24, The District, Criminal Minds, NCIS, The Golden Girls
Gregory Jein
Special Effects/Model Builder for Star Trek: The Next Generation
Barry Jenner
Actor, Star Trek DSN, Remington Steele
Salome Jens
Actress: Terror from the Year 5000, Angel Baby, Diary of the Dead, Mary Hartman Mary Hartman, Cloud Dancer, A Killer in the Family, The Clan of the Cave Bear, Just Between Friends, Falcon Crest, Superboy, Melrose Place, Star Trek DS9, A Place for Heroes
American actor and stunt-man, starred in movies like 'Somebody Up There Likes Me', '13 Ghosts' and was a guest on the classic 'Star Trek'
Lois Jewell
Star Trek The Flying Nun
Alexandra Johnson (2)
Remington Steele, Hill Street Blues, Moonlighting, Star Trek: The Next Generation, L.A. Law
Bob Johnson (2)
The voice on tape in all those Mission: Impossible T.V. episodes; + actor: Here's Lucy, Star Trek (Gamesters, The Menagerie, The Cage), My Mother the Car, and Hazel plus The Box Creature Voice in 'The Other Limits': 'Don't Open Till Doomsday' (1964)
George Clayton Johnson
writer for many Twilight Zones, Star Trek, and Logan's Run, is living in Southern California
Actress: The Hills Have Eyes 2, Swing Shift, the Paper Chase, Homeroom, Star Trek DS9, Absolute Power, The Larry Sanders Show, ER, The X-Files, 24, Eve, The 4400, October Road, Castle
Rahvaunia Johnson
Star Trek 2009 uncredited, School Of Hard Knocks
Keli Johnston
Stuntman/actor: Star Trek NEM,ENT
Michelle Johnston
Hollywood choreogragher. Actress in Grumpier Old Men, Showgirls, dancer on Star Trek Deep Space Nine
Isis J. Jones
Sister Act (1992) .... Little Deloris # 'Star Trek: The Next Generation' .... Young Guinan
Jay. D. Jones
Actor, stunt double, Credited years 1967 -78: Star Trek (Crewman Jackson, Engineer, Technican in 8 episodes), Bonanza (4 episodes 1970-72), sometime credited as Jay Jones or Jimmy Jones
Actor: Moving, Jason Goes to Hell, Ski Patrol, Boston Public, Boston Legal, Lois & Clark, Hart's Afire, Will & Grace, Sordid Lives, Star Trek Voyager, Hidden Palms, American Horror Story, Call Me Kat
Robert Joy
Actor: Escape from Iran - The Canadian Caper, Amityville 3D, Desperately Seeking Susan, The Equalizer, The Suicide Club, Millennium, The Dark Half, Death Wish V, MDs, Fallen, Star Trek Voyager, Land of the Dead, The Hills Have Eyes, CSI - NY
Doug Jung
Screenwriter - Star Trek Beyond
Nathan Jung
John Jurgens
Actor - Chuck,Star Trek ENT,INS
Robert Justman
Producer/director of Star Trek (TOS)
Mike Justus
Stuntman - Titanic, Sin City, Pearl Harbor, Zathura, Constantine, Terminator 3, Star Trek: Nemesis


Terence Rosemore was born in Great Falls, Montana and raised in New Orleans where he started his career in Ted Gilliam's Dashiki Theatre Company as an Actor.He is an award winning Producer, Director, Screenwriter, and Actor who has worked with some of the biggest names in entertainment including Robert Duvall, Halle Berry, Don Cheadle, Laurence Fishburne, and Chazz Palminteri.He is the President of Programming for Refugee Films a multimedia company that specializes in creating micro content for the Internet, cell phones, and digital media players.Refugees, the groundbreaking web series co-created by Rosemore has been featured on NBC/Universal's website DotComedy.com, ChannelME.TV and picked as an editor's choice on Columbia/Sony's Crackle.com. Refugees is currently screening on the virtual network website Refugeefilms.TVAs an Actor, he has appeared in over thirty Feature Films and Television movies. He currently lives in Los Angeles writing, directing, producing and developing Film, TV and Web based projects.Rosemore says his ultimate goal is to "Significantly increase minority and female involvement in all aspects of the Entertainment industry".
Episode: What is New Orleans?


There are times when the early bird doesn't get the worm. Take holiday traveling, for instance.
One in five Americans have already made their plane reservations for the November-December holiday season, while 23 percent have already booked paid lodging, such as a hotel or Airbnb, according to a new survey from Bankrate.com. But booking airline tickets this early may end up costing travelers money, the financial site said.
That's because the best time to buy tickets for December is in early October, while airline ticket prices for Thanksgiving often remain low through Halloween, according to airline tracking service Hopper.com. Booking too early can mean travelers are spending more for their tickets than if they had waited a few more weeks, in other words.
About 35 million adults plan to check into a hotel or other paid accommodation over the holidays, and another 31 million intend on flying, Bankrate found. The study was conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates International, which surveyed more than 1,000 adults living in the U.S.
Many families may have a perfectly valid reason for booking early and missing out on the best deals, Frankel said.
Almost half of consumers said they expect to have booked their airline tickets by the end of September, Bankrate found. About 44 percent believe they will have booked a hotel or other paid accommodation within the same timeframe.
If Americans have a fault, it's planning too far ahead, rather than waiting until the last minute. Procrastinators are in the minority, with the survey finding that just one out of seven travelers plan to wait until December.
In that case, tapping credit card rewards can help defray the cost of traveling, especially if you're facing higher fares over the holidays. Many consumers might be surprised at how many reward points they have on hand, given that almost one-third of consumers have never redeemed their credit card points.
Lastly, some consumers may want to consider signing up for a high-end credit card with a lucrative sign-up bonus, which are currently offering up to $1,000 in free travel rewards for signing up. These cards also typically include perks such as free checked bags, airport lounge access and free Global Entry or TSA PreCheck enrollment.
The downside of these elite cards — such as the Chase Sapphire Reserve card or the American Express Platinum card — is that they have high annual fees of about $450, which may not make sense for consumers who don't travel often enough to justify the cost.


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text:
Home / Publications / Family Violence – A National Legal Response (ALRC Report 114) / 1. Introduction to the Inquiry / Scope of the Inquiry
1.50 The Terms of Reference are reproduced at the beginning of this Report. There are two terms of reference, the first focusing on 'interaction in practice' of various laws, the second on 'inconsistency' in interpretation and application of sexual assault laws.
First Term of Reference
The interaction in practice of State and Territory family/domestic violence and child protection laws with the Family Law Act and relevant Commonwealth, State and Territory criminal laws.
1.51 The Commissions have interpreted this as requiring a consideration of the interaction of:
state and territory family violence laws with the Family Law Act;
state and territory child protection laws with the Family Law Act;
state and territory family violence laws with relevant Commonwealth, state and territory criminal laws;
state and territory child protection laws with relevant Commonwealth, state and territory criminal laws.
1.52 There are further areas of interaction that the Commissions consider lie within the first Term of Reference, in particular, the interaction of state and territory family violence laws and child protection laws.
Second Term of Reference
The impact of inconsistent interpretation or application of laws in cases of sexual assault occurring in a family/domestic violence context, including rules of evidence, on victims of such violence.
1.53 The second Term of Reference requires the Commissions to focus on two key facets of sexual assault legal responses: (1) inconsistency in the interpretation or application of laws; and (2) a specific focus on sexual assaults perpetrated by a person with whom the complainant is in a domestic or family relationship.
1.54 Inconsistency of laws:Inconsistency in the application and interpretation of sexual assault laws can be considered on multiple levels:
inconsistency of approach between jurisdictions (for example, there are different: offences, definitions of consent, ways in which sexual experience evidence is restricted, judicial directions to the jury, and so on);
inconsistency between the legal response to victims of sexual assault perpetrated in a family violence context compared to victims of sexual assault perpetrated in other contexts (for example, by a stranger or an acquaintance);
inconsistency between the legal response to victims of sexual assault perpetrated in a family violence context where those victims come from different backgrounds and have different needs (for example, are Indigenous victims of sexual assault treated in a different way by the legal system compared to other victims of sexual assault within this category?); and
inconsistency more generally—whether individual cases of sexual assault, regardless of who has perpetrated the sexual assault, are likely to encounter a different response or different result depending upon the police, prosecutors or judicial officers with whom they come in contact.
1.55 In this Inquiry the Commissions are adopting a broad approach to considering the issue of inconsistency.
1.56 While the primary focus of the Inquiry with respect to the second Term of Reference will be on the interpretation and application of laws in the criminal justice system, it is important that this is not seen as the only legal response to sexual assault. Sexual assault occurring in a family violence context may give rise to multiple legal issues (often concurrently)—for example, issues invovling family law, civil protection orders, child protection, crimes or victims' compensation, as well as personal injury law.[73] This multiplicity of legal responses and avenues also directly relates to the first Term of Reference, which is concerned with the interaction between the areas of law that respond to family violence.
1.57 In terms of the response of the criminal justice system, the use of the term 'laws' is also to be understood broadly to include not only the laws prescribing certain offences and the common law, but also rules of evidence and criminal procedure. It also necessarily includes the policies, procedures, training and education that apply to the key legal players who implement and interpret those 'laws'—police, prosecutors and judicial officers. This wider interpretation of law is also important in meeting the continuing criticism about the gap between the law as written and its practice.
1.58 Family violence context: The Commissions have been asked to focus on a particular category of sexual assault—sexual assault committed in a family violence context. This reflects the fact that most sexual assaults are perpetrated by someone known to the victim.
1.59 The Personal Violence Survey conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) in 2005 found that of those women who had been sexually assaulted in the 12 months prior to the survey, 22% had been assaulted by a stranger in the most recent incident, 21% by a former partner,[74] 39% by a family member or friend, and 32% by another known person.[75] Thus in 60% of cases, women were sexually assaulted by a former partner, family member or friend.[76] A 2004 ABS report on sexual assault noted that 'all available data sources indicate that over half of perpetrators … are known to their victims'.[77]
1.60 The focus on sexual assault in a family violence context provides an important opportunity to focus on the category of sexual assault that comprises the majority of sexual assaults experienced by women and children. It also provides an opportunity to focus more intently not only on the largest category of sexual assaults, but the one that is more likely to remain unreported; and when it is reported is more likely to fall out of the legal system and less likely to result in conviction (a process known as 'attrition').[78] In this way, intimate and familial sexual assaults remain the most hidden in general—and from the view of the legal system in particular—despite forming the largest category of sexual assaults.
1.61 The Commissions recognise that there are continuing issues with sexual assault laws and procedures for all victims of sexual assault, not only those who are the focus of this Inquiry. In this regard the Commissions anticipate that any recommendations that are made to assist victims of sexual assault in a family context would have benefits for all victims of sexual assault engaging with the legal system.[79]
The intersecting nature of the Terms of Reference
1.62 There are areas of intersection between the two Terms of Reference, as sexual assault can also constitute family violence. However, given the particular emphasis in Time for Action on sexual assault and the specific strategy of giving the ALRC terms of reference in relation to it, a separate term of reference was warranted.
1.63 At the intersection of all the areas under consideration, however, sits the issue of sexual assault of children, potentially bringing together all the areas of law under consideration in this Inquiry—child protection, criminal law, the Family Law Act, and family violence laws.
Matters outside the Inquiry
1.64 While the scope of the problem of family violence is extensive, the brief in this Inquiry is necessarily constrained both by the Terms of Reference and by the role and function of a law reform commission. Under the Terms of Reference, the Commissions are required to consider 'what, if any, improvements could be made to relevant legal frameworks to protect the safety of women and their children'. The range of legal frameworks is also not 'at large', but limited, in the first Term of Reference, to specified areas of interaction; and, in the second, to the impact of inconsistent interpretation and application of law in relation to sexual assault.
1.65 The Commissions recognise that the Inquiry concerns only a narrow slice of the vast range of issues raised by the prevalence of family violence—when women and children encounter the legal system in its various manifestations. A comment made by the Family Law Council in its advice to the Commonwealth Attorney-General, referred to above, is equally apt as a comment with respect to the problems of family violence in a much wider sense. The Council, noting that it was only focusing on family violence 'when it becomes visible in the Family Law system in Australia', stated that: 'this visible pattern is only the tip of the iceberg of family violence, alcoholism, drug addiction and mental illness which is apparently entrenched in Australia'.[80]
1.66 In this Inquiry, the Commissions noted widespread concern about the link between alcohol and family violence, and recognise that any serious attempt to develop preventative measures in the area of family violence must tackle the problem of alcohol abuse in Australian society. This issue is, however, beyond the scope of the Terms of Reference and was not pursued in this Inquiry.
1.67 The limits of law, both in terms of services but also in terms of its application, was a theme articulated during the Inquiry. For example, Penny Taylor, a solicitor with the Top End Women's Legal Service, commented that 'you can have the perfect law, but …';[81] and the Commissioner for Victims' Rights, South Australia, stated that:
Law alone is not a satisfactory response to family violence. The law must be augmented by consistent, comprehensive and co-operative agencies, organisations and individuals. Existing law and range of approaches to family violence serve as a baseline from which people concerned about that violence and its effects can reach out to establish better laws and approaches reflecting victims' needs and respecting their fundamental rights.[82]
1.68 The Commissions are also acutely aware that there is a limited range of legal responses to the persistent and endemic problem of family violence. The Commissions note that Time for Action identified many other strategies in areas beyond legal frameworks to achieve outcomes such as relationships that are respectful, and services that meet the needs of women and children.[83]
1.69 Family violence is also relevant—or potentially relevant—to other legislative schemes in the Commonwealth arena, including, for example, those regulating workplace relations, immigration, social security and child support. Given the importance of this issue the Commissions considered that the Australian Government should initiate an inquiry into how family violence is treated in this and other federal legislative schemes not falling within the Terms of Reference.[84] A number of stakeholders supported the need for a consideration of such areas.[85] On 9 July 2010 the Attorney-General of Australia, the Hon Robert McClelland MP, issued new Terms of Reference reflecting the suggestion made in the Consultation Paper.
The gendered nature of the Terms of Reference
1.70 In Time for Action the National Council acknowledged that while women as well as men can commit—as well as be victims of—family violence or sexual assault, the research shows that 'the overwhelming majority of violence and abuse is perpetrated by men against women',[86] and that '[t]he biggest risk factor for becoming a victim of sexual assault and/or domestic and family violence is being a woman'.[87] Such findings lie behind the National Council's strategies that, in turn, led to the Terms of Reference for this Inquiry being focused on the reduction of violence against 'women and their children'.
1.71 Although the Terms of Reference are directed to reforms relating to violence against women and their children, during the Inquiry the gendered nature of the Terms of Reference attracted considerable negative comment, both with respect to the focus on women as victims, and the attachment of the possessive pronoun 'their' to the children concerned.[88]
1.72 A common theme from stakeholders critical of the gendered nature of the Terms of Reference, however, was that 'Australia should be making a stand on violence no matter who is perpetrating [that violence]'[89] and 'of course women and children should be protected from violence and abuse BUT so should men and children!'[90]
1.73 Specific criticism from individual men and men's groups included: complaints of unfair treatment of men by the legal system dealing with family law cases and protection orders;[91] and what was described as the ideology of 'solely male blame'.[92]
Focus of recommendations
1.74 Although the Terms of Reference are focused on women and children, the suite of recommendations presented in this Report are ones that are directed towards reforming legal frameworks with the aim of improving the safety of victims of family violence. The effect will be to the benefit of all victims, whether male or female. Given the statistical over-representation of women as victims of family violence, the measures recommended can be seen to be a 'litmus test' for how well the legal system is working overall in improving safety for those who suffer family violence. The Commissions acknowledge that family violence occurs against men and in the gay, lesbian, transgender and intersex communities and, as such, family violence in such contexts may be matters which deserve separate consideration by government at an appropriate time.
[73] The importance of considering the way other legal categories respond to sexual assault is highlighted in
R Graycar, 'Frozen Chooks Revisited: The Challenge of Changing Law/s' in R Hunter and M Keyes (eds), Changing Law: Rights, Regulation and Reconciliation (2005) 49, 59.
[74] Note that the ABS defined a partner as current and former marital or de facto partners: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Personal Safety Survey, Catalogue No 4906.0 (2005), 60.
[75] Ibid, 11. Other known person includes an 'acquaintance, neighbour, counsellor or psychologist or psychiatrist, ex-boyfriend or girlfriend, doctor, teacher, minister, priest or clergy and prison officer': Australian Bureau of Statistics, Personal Safety Survey, Catalogue No 4906.0 (2005), 33.
[76] Note that the ABS included former boyfriends/girlfriends within the definition of 'other known person' (although current boyfriend/girlfriend or date was a category on its own reflecting, in some instances, 'different levels of commitment and involvement' when compared to a marital or de facto partner), thus the percentage of offenders with a close intimate or familial relationship with the victim would be larger if former boyfriend/girlfriends was included within the definition of 'partner'. For the detailed explanation of the various relationship categories relied on by the ABS, see Australian Bureau of Statistics, Personal Safety Survey, Catalogue No 4906.0 (2005), 60.
[77] Australian Bureau of Statistics, Sexual Assault in Australia: A Statistical Overview (2004), 26.
[78] Data on reporting and attrition are detailed in Ch 26.
[79] The wider implications of the Commissions' work in this regard also responds to strategy 4.1.2 in National Council to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children, Time for Action: The National Council's Plan for Australia to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children, 2009–2021 (2009).
[80] Family Law Council, Improving Responses to Family Violence in the Family Law System: An Advice on the Intersection of Family Violence and Family Law Issues (2009), 7.
[81] Top End Women's Legal Service, Consultation FVC 107, Darwin, 27 May 2010; See also J Drake, Submission FV 66, 1 June 2010 ('it is the practice, not the law, that is the problem'; Women's House Shelta, Submission FV 139, 23 June 2010 ('We need more than better laws').
[82] Commissioner for Victims' Rights (South Australia), Submission FV 111, 9 June 2010.
[83] National Council to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children, Time for Action: The National Council's Plan for Australia to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children, 2009–2021 (2009), Outcomes 2–3.
[84] Consultation Paper, [1.74].
[85] For example: Victorian Government, Submission FV 120, 15 June 2010; Migrant Women's Emergency Support Service trading as Immigrant Women's Support Service, Submission FV 61, 1 June 2010; P Easteal, Submission FV 39, 14 May 2010.
[86] National Council to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children, Background Paper to Time for Action: The National Council's Plan to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children, 2009–2021 (2009), 25.
[87] Ibid, 26.
[88] M Wenzel, Submission FV 226, 7 July 2010; Men's Rights Agency, Submission FV 214, 29 June 2010; R Mitchell, Submission FV 208, 25 June 2010; Shared Parenting Council of Australia, Submission FV 206, 28 June 2010; T McLean, Submission FV 204, 28 June 2010; M Payne, Submission FV 193, 28 June 2010; Confidential, Submission FV 191, 27 June 2010; R Smith, Submission FV 135, 22 June 2010; NT Office Status of Family, Submission FV 123, 18 June 2010; Fairness In Child Support, Submission FV 100, 4 June 2010; G Hilton-Smith, Submission FV 95, 3 June 2010; Family Voice Australia, Submission FV 75, 2 June 2010; J Drake, Submission FV 66, 1 June 2010; J Evans, Submission FV 60, 31 May 2010; Confidential, Submission FV 59, 31 May 2010; Confidential, Submission FV 58, 31 May 2010; Non-Custodial Parents Party (Equal Parenting), Submission FV 55, 1 June 2010; One in Three Campaign, Submission FV 35, 12 May 2010; A Carvalho, Submission FV 30, 4 May 2010; J Matysek, Submission FV 27, 29 March 2010.
[89] J Matysek, Submission FV 27, 29 March 2010.
[90] Men's Rights Agency, Submission FV 214, 29 June 2010. See also: Fairness In Child Support, Submission FV 100, 4 June 2010; Anonymous, Submission FV 74, 2 June 2010; Non-Custodial Parents Party (Equal Parenting), Submission FV 55, 1 June 2010.
[91] For example, in relation to family law cases: Fairness In Child Support, Submission FV 100, 4 June 2010; Anonymous, Submission FV 74, 2 June 2010; Non-Custodial Parents Party (Equal Parenting), Submission FV 55, 1 June 2010; R Wallace, Submission FV 16, 9 November 2009; R Wallace, Submission FV 9, 13 October 2009; R Wallace, Submission FV 07, 18 September 2009; B Healey, Submission FV 06, 14 September 2009. In relation to protection orders: J Schramm, Submission FV 218, 1 July 2010; Shared Parenting Council of Australia, Submission FV 206, 28 June 2010; Family Law Reform Association NSW Inc, Submission FV 142, 24 June 2010; G Hilton-Smith, Submission FV 95, 3 June 2010; Confidential, Submission FV 94, 3 June 2010; D Matthews, Submission FV 67, 1 June 2010; J Evans, Submission FV 60, 31 May 2010;Confidential, Submission FV 58, 31 May 2010; Non-Custodial Parents Party (Equal Parenting), Submission FV 55, 1 June 2010; E McGuire, Submission FV 53, 28 May 2010; A Carvalho, Submission FV 30, 4 May 2010.
[92] M Bourne, Submission FV 159, 25 June 2010. See also NT Office Status of Family, Submission FV 123, 18 June 2010.


Explain the importance of epidemiology for informing discussion of health issues and comprehend basic ethical and legal principles pertaining to epidemiologic data.
Appropriate and apply concepts, descriptive and inferential methodologies, and informatics techniques in the description of public health characteristics and in public health research and evaluation.
Interpret results of statistical analyses, describe a public health problem in terms of magnitude, person, time and place and calculate basic epidemiology measures.
Draw appropriate inferences from epidemiologic data and evaluate the strengths and limitations of epidemiologic reports.
N.B.: Minor changes may occur in the detailed programme from one intake to another.


Hi sir/madam. I am celebrating my bday in Belize and taking all the family. Any tips and activities to do with a 6 month baby?. Thank you.
Posted : Marty Casado - Thu, Jul 14, 2016 5:18 AM. This article has been viewed 2794 times.


In this clip from Monday's radio show, Mark Levin discusses Donald Trump's new tax plan. He said that while there are certain things he disagrees with, that overall, it's a "hell of a plan." Below is a partial transcript, which picks up just beyond the five minute mark.
…So this is a very pro-growth plan whether you disagree with some of the specifics or not, this is a very pro-growth plan. Let me say Ronald Reagan could have proposed exactly this plan. I don't know who is advising him but I suspect it's people of that sort, with that kind of background. This is not a redistribution of wealth plan; it's not a tax the rich plan, even though some of the propaganda out there. Even some of the rhetoric from Trump suggested it, It's clearly not. He's lowering business taxes, he's lowering capital gains taxes, he's lowering the individual income taxes, he's eliminating the death taxes, no marriage penalty, two and a half trillion dollars he wants to come home into the United States where there's investments.
There are other things that I do have disagreements with, like I just said, that a significant number of people pay no taxes, I say enough of that. And also he penalizes investment overseas, I don't buy that. I just don't buy that. If you do these other things our economy will explode in growth, we saw that under Reagan, that's exactly what happened. We don't need to play games with protectionism and phony nationalism and tariffs and all the rest of it, we want to encourage foreign companies to invest in our country and that's how you do it. We want to encourage our own companies to invest in our country that's how you do it. This is a tax plan for America. This is pro growth, it's pro individual, it's pro employer, it's pro employee, it's pro family.
[People ask] "Mark, why are you always defending Trump?" This has nothing to do with defending Trump. Read it. But he ought to be defended for this. Why do I have to join in and all the other cat nipping all the time? I already said I disagree with the no taxes for a significant number of people, So what?
This entry was posted in 2016 Elections, Constitution, Economy, Executive Branch, Major News Items, National, Taxes, Uncategorized and tagged Mark Levin, Reagan, Ronald Reagan, Tax the Rich, Trump, Trump tax plan. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Paul Holds Up Budget Vote and Bette Midler 'Jokes' About Finding His Neighbor
By Stephen Kruiser Feb 08, 2018 10:48 PM ET
Bette Midler (Photo by Andy Kropa/Invision/AP)
As Senate Republicans rushed headlong to become a pale imitation of the Democratic Party with a budget vote only a foreign lender could love, Rand Paul decided to take a stand.
The Kentucky senator held up the vote, prompting the usual unwarranted media concern about a shutdown. Despite the nation's history of surviving government shutdowns quite nicely, a panic tends to set in at the merest hint of one, especially among liberals.
This panic prompted Bette Midler to take to Twitter and offer this hot take on Paul's actions:
Where's Rand Paul's neighbor when we need him?
— Bette Midler (@BetteMidler) February 9, 2018
For those with shorter memories, Midler is referring to the neighbor who broke six of Paul's ribs after assaulting him.
Sure, it is probably a joke. We all know, however, that if a joke like this were directed at a senator who is a Democrat the backlash would be immediate and severe.
A conservative tweeting something like this would almost definitely be suspended from Twitter. The site keeps crowing about its new guidelines to prevent this kind of behavior, but they haven't seemed to apply to liberals.
The double standard here is not a new one, but that doesn't mean it shouldn't be called out when it rears its ugly head. Midler's celebrity may give her immunity to criticism among liberals, but she isn't a member of an exalted class to all Americans.
Just to the Twitter brass.
While I am no humor prude and I admit to enjoying pushing the envelope with humor, even I draw the line at making cracks about physical assault. Against anyone. It's particularly stupid to direct things like this at federal officials.
As I write this, the tweet has been up for four hours and Midler doesn't seem to be bothered by the criticism of it.
For media inquiries, please contact [email protected].
PJ Media senior columnist and associate editor Stephen Kruiser is a professional stand-up comic, writer, and recovering political activist who edits and writes PJ's Morning Briefing, aka The Greatest Political Newsletter in America. His latest book, Straight Outta Feelings, is a humorous exploration of how the 2016 election made him enjoy politics more than he ever had before. When not being a reclusive writer, Kruiser has had the honor of entertaining U.S. troops all over the world. Follow on: Gab, Parler, MeWe
Read more by Stephen Kruiser
Tags: SENATE SOCIAL MEDIA
Why Was Texas Synagogue Jihadi Allowed Into U.S. Two Weeks Ago Despite 'Long Criminal Record'?


text:
Pacific Rim UprisingPacific Rim
Pacific Rim Uprising: What Happened to Raleigh Becket?
Charlie Hunnam's hero is a no-show in the sequel.
SPOILERS ahead for Pacific Rim Uprising.
Charlie Hunnam's Jaeger pilot Raleigh Becket may have been the hero of Guillermo del Toro's original Pacific Rim, but there's barely a mention of him in its sequel Pacific Rim Uprising, now in theaters.
Hunnam was initially supposed to star in Pacific Rim 2, but a scheduling conflict with another project, a remake of Papillon, arose and the PacRim filmmakers opted to give the sequel a creative overhaul, which led to Pacific Rim Uprising revolving around John Boyega's Jake Pentecost instead.
Uprising is set a decade after the original film so anything could've befallen Raleigh in those ensuing years. When I interviewed the Uprising star-producer back in August 2017, Boyega said Raleigh Becket was dead even though his character survived the first movie.
But Pacific Rim Uprising director Steven DeKnight only referred to Raleigh's fate as a mystery during my recent phone interview with him.
"What happened to Raleigh Becket, yes indeed," DeKnight said. "In a version of the movie, that was answered. I decided I really wanted to remove that because I thought it painted us into a bit of a corner. So the mystery of what happened to Raleigh Becket is something that I actually want fans to be asking."
He continued, "And it's my hope - unfortunately, Charlie Hunnam couldn't do this movie because of a scheduling conflict -- but it's my hope to bring him back in a future installment, and actually answer that question on-screen."
Of course, that doesn't mean Boyega was incorrect and Raleigh is still alive. Hunnam's character could just as easily appear in a flashback or a recording of some kind should Pacific Rim 3 ever happen.
Raleigh Becket's whereabouts isn't the only head-scratcher we had about Pacific Rim Uprising. Here are our 5 biggest WTF questions about the movie.
And also be sure to check out our review, find out why only these characters returned for the sequel, learn how a potential Pacific Rim 3 will shake things up, and watch the Uprising cast build their own Jaeger using LEGOs.
Pacific Rim Uprising


First and foremost is the striking exterior. Turbocharger technology provides forced air induction, enhancing performance while preserving fuel economy. All of the premium features expected of a Lincoln are offered, including: speed sensitive wipers, heated and ventilated seats, and the power moon roof opens up the cabin to the natural environment. Smooth gearshifts are achieved thanks to the 2.3 liter 4 cylinder engine, and for added security, dynamic Stability Control supplements the drivetrain. All wheel drive provides for safe passage, regardless of road or weather conditions.


text:
var x = 20;
console.log(20 * x);

//prompt("What is your favorite food?");
//console.log("Hey, that's my favorite too!");

// Complete one of the exercises: Looping a Triangle, FizzBuzz, or Chess Board
// Looping a Triangle:

z = "#"
for (x=1; x <= 7; x++) {
  console.log(z);
  z += "#";
}

// Functions

// Complete the `minimum` exercise.

function min(x, y) {
  if (x < y)
    return x
  else if (y < x)
    return y
}

// Data Structures: Objects and Arrays
// Create an object called "me" that stores your name, age, 3 favorite foods, and a quirk below.

var me = {
  name: "Ronu",
  foods: ["burritos", "tacos", "quesadillas"],
  quirk: "I like Mexican food. A lot",
}
console.log(me.name);
console.log(me.foods);
console.log(me.quirk)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Library Technology Guides
Current News Service and Archive
Press Release: VTLS, Inc. [July 31, 2013]
Chamo Discovery expands capabilities; now has over 100 libraries world-wide
Blacksburg, VA - VTLS Inc. is proud to announce that over 100 customers have now selected Chamo Discovery, an advanced Social OPAC and unified Discovery tool integrated into a single solution. VTLS attributes the growing success of Chamo to its continually expanding capabilities, its high performance and enhanced user features. Chamo provides unified access to the library's print and digital resources (including licensed resources) with sophisticated search capabilities, eBook circulation and interactive features that encourage social participation. Unlike other offerings Chamo Discovery is built into the library's OPAC web interface allowing patrons reach beyond the library's collection to access electronic resources across the web, including free and subscription content. The "OPAC-centric" design helps keep the focus on the library instead of the database provider.
"The company is excited to reach this milestone and is constantly working to improve Chamo for users of academic, public, government, corporate and special libraries around the world. Chamo has already proven to be an easy and successful interface for information access and forms a key component of our Open Skies Library Platform and yet can be used by existing Virtua users. This versatility is a convenience to our customers and a protection against obsolescence" stated Dr. Vinod Chachra, President and CEO of VTLS. "We anticipate growing demand for Chamo in the coming year."
About VTLS
VTLS Inc., a leading library automation company in business for over 30 years, provides visionary technology in library solutions to a diverse customer base of more than 1935 libraries in over 40 countries. VTLS provides development and support for Virtua, the premier ILS solution; Chamo Discovery, a facet-based social OPAC and data discovery tool; VITAL, our Digital Asset Management solution; Vorpal Solutions, Drupal development and support services; MozGo, our mobile app; and Fastrac RFID solutions for libraries. VTLS is one of the few ISO 9001:2008 quality certified companies within the library industry.
VTLS announce that over 100 customers have now selected Chamo Discovery, an advanced Social OPAC and unified Discovery tool integrated into a single solution. VTLS attributes the growing success of Chamo to its continually expanding capabilities, its high performance and enhanced user features. Chamo provides unified access to the library's print and digital resources (including licensed resources) with sophisticated search capabilities, eBook circulation and interactive features that encourage social participation. Unlike other offerings Chamo Discovery is built into the library's OPAC web interface allowing patrons reach beyond the library's collection to access electronic resources across the web, including free and subscription content. The "OPAC-centric" design helps keep the focus on the library instead of the database provider.
VTLS, Inc.
https://librarytechnology.org/pr/18214
LTG Bibliography Record number: 18214. Created: 2013-07-31 07:07:06; Last Modified: 2013-07-31 08:59:56.


On my journies thru different sleep forums, I see many people saying it's too hard to exhale with their PAP therapy. I just posted a topic at the blog site: www.sleepandcpap.blogspot.com that touches on this issue and its remedies.
I don't have any problem exhaling, I can even cough into my full face mask. BUT - I can't burp up the air that I swallow in my full face. So I pull the mask off my face to let those burps just rip away.
Sorry, SleepMBA, moi bad, but I just couldn't resist.


A new Quickstrike edition of the Nike Roshe Run SneakerBoot finds the mid-top silhouette finished in an appealing Mercury Grey colorway. The winterized version of the Nike Roshe Run combines the durability of a winter boot with the easy-wearing comfort of a running shoe, highlighted by a quilted leather forefoot and tongue. The shoe has a padded collar and boot-inspired webbing and laces for a secure fit, all of which rests on a one-piece injected sole unit that delivers lightweight cushioning. A convenient pull loop at the tongue and heel rounds out the details. See additional images below, and find the Nike Rose Run SneakerBoot in Mercury Grey in stock now at Sneakersnstuff.


text:
Chaldean Catholics in Iraq praying that pope visit will be possible
Cardinal Pell: Vatican financial reform making 'massive' progress
Christians must show world what journey to unity looks like, pope says
Pope urges nations to create a world free from nuclear arms
Vatican revokes arrest warrant against woman linked to finance scandal
'For the love of God, send us oxygen,' plead bishops in Brazil's Amazon
Church uses caution with claims of Marian apparitions
Bishop Romano Rossi of Civita Castellana speaks to a reporter July 31, 2020, outside a church in Anguillara Sabazia, Italy. The bishop said that though he has not yet set up a formal commission to evaluate the credibility of Marian apparitions to Gisella Cardia, he is following the alleged supernatural messages and evaluating both their content and spirit. (CNS photo/Robert Duncan)
By Carol Glatz • Catholic News Service • Posted August 7, 2020
VATICAN CITY (CNS) — The Catholic Church has always been very cautious when it comes to judging reported Marian apparitions.
More than 1,500 visions of Mary have been reported around the world, but in the past century fewer than a dozen cases have received church approval as being worthy of belief.
Determining the veracity of an apparition is an enormous job that falls to the local bishop.
The Vatican Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith established a set of norms in 1978 to help bishops and guide them in the process of discernment and investigation of reported apparitions and revelations.
The process is never brief. For example, a series of Marian apparitions in the Diocese of Green Bay, Wisconsin, received approval in 2010 — 151 years after the first apparition was reported in 1859. But that's just half of the nearly 300 years it took the church to approve the apparitions of Our Lady of Laus in France.
The process is lengthy because visionaries and witnesses must be questioned and the fruits of the apparitions, such as conversions, miracles and healings, must be examined.
According to the norms, the local bishop should set up a commission of experts, including theologians, canon lawyers, psychologists and doctors, to help him determine the facts, the mental, moral and spiritual integrity and seriousness of the visionary, and whether the message and testimony are free from theological and doctrinal error.
The longer the alleged apparitions last and the more popular an apparition site becomes, the more evidence accumulates — and the longer it takes the church to reach a judgment.
When the bishop's investigation is complete, he can come to one of three conclusions: he can determine the apparition to be true and worthy of belief; he can say it is not true, which leaves open the possibility for an appeal; or he can say that at the moment he doesn't know and needs more help.
In the last scenario, the investigation is taken to the national bishops' conference. If the body of bishops cannot reach a conclusion, the matter is turned over to the pope, who delegates the doctrinal congregation to step in and either give advice, send a commissioner and-or set up a commission to investigate.
At every step of the investigation, however, the bishop remains in charge of the process.
An example of a situation in which the country's bishops requested the Vatican's doctrinal congregation to intervene is the alleged apparitions at Medjugorje in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
The congregation established an international commission in 2010 to investigate the claims of six young people who said Mary appeared to them daily beginning in 1981. The apparitions apparently are continuing, and hundreds of thousands of people travel to the small town each year.
The church's approach has been to distinguish between an apparition, which may remain unproven, and the spiritual consequences among the faithful, which may be quite evident.
That means that in places where an apparition is still awaiting church approval, people can go to the site to pray and receive spiritual gifts, as long as they do not presume the apparition is authentic.
The church approaches each claim with the utmost prudence, with rigorous investigation and with the invitation to live out the Gospel rather than follow the apparitions.
In fact, the church never requires the faithful to believe in the Marian apparitions, not even those recognized by the church, because it teaches that public revelation ended with the New Testament, and that no private revelation will add anything essential to the faith.
The apparitions and messages are never the same, but, in general, Mary appeals for people's conversion and seeks to assure men and women that they are not alone in the world and can depend on God's loving mercy.
Her appearance is never meant to result in her glorification, but of God's.
PREVIOUS: Mary foretold COVID-19 pandemic, alleged visionary claims
NEXT: When faith wobbles, cry out for God's help, pope says


text:
/*
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package io.prestosql.plugin.raptor.legacy.backup;

import com.google.common.io.Files;
import io.airlift.log.Logger;
import io.airlift.units.DataSize;
import io.airlift.units.Duration;
import io.prestosql.plugin.raptor.legacy.storage.BackupStats;
import io.prestosql.plugin.raptor.legacy.storage.StorageService;
import io.prestosql.spi.PrestoException;
import org.weakref.jmx.Flatten;
import org.weakref.jmx.Managed;

import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;
import javax.inject.Inject;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
import static io.airlift.concurrent.Threads.daemonThreadsNamed;
import static io.prestosql.plugin.raptor.legacy.RaptorErrorCode.RAPTOR_BACKUP_CORRUPTION;
import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
import static java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.completedFuture;
import static java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.runAsync;
import static java.util.concurrent.Executors.newFixedThreadPool;

public class BackupManager
{
    private static final Logger log = Logger.get(BackupManager.class);

    private final Optional<BackupStore> backupStore;
    private final StorageService storageService;
    private final ExecutorService executorService;

    private final AtomicInteger pendingBackups = new AtomicInteger();
    private final BackupStats stats = new BackupStats();

    @Inject
    public BackupManager(Optional<BackupStore> backupStore, StorageService storageService, BackupConfig config)
    {
        this(backupStore, storageService, config.getBackupThreads());
    }

    public BackupManager(Optional<BackupStore> backupStore, StorageService storageService, int backupThreads)
    {
        checkArgument(backupThreads > 0, "backupThreads must be > 0");

        this.backupStore = requireNonNull(backupStore, "backupStore is null");
        this.storageService = requireNonNull(storageService, "storageService is null");
        this.executorService = newFixedThreadPool(backupThreads, daemonThreadsNamed("background-shard-backup-%s"));
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void shutdown()
    {
        executorService.shutdownNow();
    }

    public CompletableFuture<?> submit(UUID uuid, File source)
    {
        requireNonNull(uuid, "uuid is null");
        requireNonNull(source, "source is null");

        if (backupStore.isEmpty()) {
            return completedFuture(null);
        }

        // TODO: decrement when the running task is finished (not immediately on cancel)
        pendingBackups.incrementAndGet();
        CompletableFuture<?> future = runAsync(new BackgroundBackup(uuid, source), executorService);
        future.whenComplete((none, throwable) -> pendingBackups.decrementAndGet());
        return future;
    }

    private class BackgroundBackup
            implements Runnable
    {
        private final UUID uuid;
        private final File source;
        private final long queuedTime = System.nanoTime();

        public BackgroundBackup(UUID uuid, File source)
        {
            this.uuid = requireNonNull(uuid, "uuid is null");
            this.source = requireNonNull(source, "source is null");
        }

        @Override
        public void run()
        {
            try {
                stats.addQueuedTime(Duration.nanosSince(queuedTime));
                long start = System.nanoTime();

                backupStore.get().backupShard(uuid, source);
                stats.addCopyShardDataRate(DataSize.ofBytes(source.length()), Duration.nanosSince(start));

                File restored = new File(storageService.getStagingFile(uuid) + ".validate");
                backupStore.get().restoreShard(uuid, restored);

                if (!filesEqual(source, restored)) {
                    stats.incrementBackupCorruption();

                    File quarantineBase = storageService.getQuarantineFile(uuid);
                    File quarantineOriginal = new File(quarantineBase.getPath() + ".original");
                    File quarantineRestored = new File(quarantineBase.getPath() + ".restored");

                    log.error("Backup is corrupt after write. Quarantining local file: %s", quarantineBase);
                    if (!this.source.renameTo(quarantineOriginal) || !restored.renameTo(quarantineRestored)) {
                        log.warn("Quarantine of corrupt backup shard failed: %s", uuid);
                    }

                    throw new PrestoException(RAPTOR_BACKUP_CORRUPTION, "Backup is corrupt after write: " + uuid);
                }

                if (!restored.delete()) {
                    log.warn("Failed to delete staging file: %s", restored);
                }

                stats.incrementBackupSuccess();
            }
            catch (Throwable t) {
                stats.incrementBackupFailure();
                throw t;
            }
        }
    }

    @Managed
    public int getPendingBackupCount()
    {
        return pendingBackups.get();
    }

    @Managed
    @Flatten
    public BackupStats getStats()
    {
        return stats;
    }

    private static boolean filesEqual(File file1, File file2)
    {
        try {
            return Files.equal(file1, file2);
        }
        catch (IOException e) {
            throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
        }
    }
}