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Home > Mashonaland West > The search for Willie Hartley's grave
The search for Willie Hartley's grave
The southern African interior always held a great fascination for Victorian hunters and traders; ivory being the main draw card. In 1870 nineteen persons received permission from Mzilikazi in March / April 1870 to enter Mashonaland; many of them died and lie in unmarked graves. 1870 was a very wet year and the rains continued until May and of the nineteen who came to Mashonaland, seven died from malaria, or dysentery.
The first party consisting of George Wood, his wife and child, brother Swithin Wood, his wife's mother, Mrs Fraser, and a German explorer, Paul Jebe. They started in early March; by month end they were all dead, except George and Swithin Wood. Of the thirteen on the Umfuli River (now the Mupfure) that year, seven came down with malaria and three died. The first death was Gilloway on 9 May.
Two of those seven deaths occurred on the same day, the 29 May 1870. They were William "Willie" James Hartley, the seventeen year old son of Henry "Oude baas" Hartley, the elephant hunter, and James O'Donnell. Their deaths unlike most of the others were recorded in detail by Thomas Leask and Thomas Baines and so there seemed some likelihood of finding their gravesites.
Thomas Leask buried the two young men and three months later showed Henry Hartley the site of his son's grave. Thomas Baines made a sketch and Robert Jewell took a photograph, but the location quickly became lost.
Today the Mhondoro Communal lands are heavily populated: in 1870 the land south of the Umfuli (now the Mupfure) was almost completely uninhabited due to amaNdebele raids and only became populated after 1897 with land resettlement schemes.
The area is south of the Mupfure River and best reached from the main Harare Bulawayo A5 National road 71 KM from Harare, by turning left off the National road at the roundabout, south toward Ngezi Mine. At 4.2 KM pass Chengeta Safari Lodge turnoff on the left and at 14.6 KM cross the Mupfure River. At 21.7 KM turn left for the Mhondoro Communal Lands and travel east.
At 8.4 Km cross the Chirundazi Stream. Note the old drift on the downstream side of the low level bridge. Continue another 0.7 KM and turn left at the Cape to Cairo shops.
For James O'Donnell's gravesite turn right down a farm track after 0.85 KM and then 400 metres to the southern end of the rocky outcrop.
For Willie Hartley's gravesite travel 3.0 KM from the Cape to Cairo Shops and then turn left in front of a Mhondoro Primary School. Don't look for any assistance from the School Headmaster as he is unhelpful. There are a number of rough farm tracks which lead west towards the Chirundazi Stream approximately two kilometres way. Park once the track becomes impassable and follow the footpaths down to the banks of the Chirundazi stream.
GPS reference for the Willie Hartley's grave: 18⁰13′54.53″S 30⁰25′41.01″E
GPS reference for James O'Donnell's grave : 18⁰14′56.53″S 30⁰27′24.38″E
EE Burke was the Principal Archives Officer at the Rhodesian National Archives and wrote the first article on Willie Hartley in Rhodesiana No 8 from 1963 and thought he had located the gravesite.
A few years later the Salisbury (now Harare) North Exploration Young Farmers Club (YFC) organised an expedition to find the lost grave and after a great effort believed they were successful in their search.
Thomas Baines had relied on dead reckoning for his positioning and gave a longitude of 30⁰59′E for the gravesite which is some 60 kilometres away and east of Beatrice. The YFC give a corrected longitude of 30⁰27′29.00″E but this is also 3.2 kilometres east of the site they identify as the actual gravesite!
It was time to revisit the area and use the YFC sketch maps to try and relocate Willie Hartley's gravesite and get an accurate GPS position.
EE Burke was the first to try and trace the gravesite of Willie Hartley, who he says died to the south west [should be south east?] of Hartley Hill. His account in Rhodesiana No 8 of 1963 is mostly taken from Thomas Leask's diaries which record the various groups movements in detail:
05-May Four of the six hunters at the Umfuli camp are sick; Thomas Leask takes Gifford, an old friend who is at the Umfuli camp, with his ox-wagon back to the Chirundazi Stream, where Moloney and Vandenberg are camped and advises the other hunters to do the same.
06-May Willie Hartley and James O'Donnell arrive at the Chirundazi camp. Leask tries to persuade them all to move to higher ground to the south east which he believes is safer from malaria.
07-May The Jennings brothers, Sanders, Byles and Gilloway ignore the advice and trek away for the Hunyani River
Hartley, O'Donnell and Moloney also trek away for the Hunyani River
09-May Leask with Vanderberg, Gifford and Stoffel treks south east to higher ground
Gilloway dies this day on the way to the Hunyani River
14-May Leask and party continue south east in cold wind and rain
15-May Leask and Vanderberg leave camp to trade with the Mashona for chickens and pumpkins for the other two invalids, Gifford and Stoffel
17-May Leask and Vanderberg are at the Umfuli River, the weather is cold
19-May Heavy rains make travel slow
21-May Leask and Vanderberg cross the Umfuli River to Mashona villages to buy food; nobody lives on the south side.
23-May Leask gets a message that Moloney, Hartley and O'Donnell are back at the Chirundazi Stream; all are sick and have no medicines
25-May Leask and Vanderberg trek back to collect Gifford and Stoffel
26-May Leask leaves at sunrise by horse and gets to the Chirundazi Stream by sunset. Hartley and O'Donnell are seriously ill and at times delirious. "He (Hartley) was extremely weak and, tho' he knew me and spoke somewhat sensible, he looked wild. Jim (O'Donnell) was tossing about in great pain and seemed sensible. he said his bowels had not been open for three days. Tom (Moloney) was spitting continuously and calling for water. Gave them all calomel and antimonial powder and two hours afterwards jalap and rhubarb. They slept a little."
27-May They seemed to rally with the medicines. "Gave them some salts and Jim at his own request some Livingstone pills. Will, I gave no more purgatives. Shortly after, the medicine operated on them all, and they seemed much revived, but Will was very weak. They asked me to move them up toward our wagons (where Vanderberg, Gifford and Stoffel were camped) and, as they seemed to think it would do them good, I inspanned after they had all supped a little arrowroot, and trekked very gently for a short distance. They seemed a little better, but at sundown Will became insensible and unable to move."
29-May Hartley died at midday, O'Donnell died the same evening.
30-May Leask moves the wagons and rejoins Vanderberg, Gifford and Stoffel: "It was a very trying journey."
William Hartley was the son of the famous hunter, Henry Hartley, and during the early part of 1870, travelled to the rich ivory hunting grounds of Mashonaland. The year was a disastrous one for the seasonal hunters as wet weather persisted until May, and malaria was widespread in the hunting grounds.
On 6 May, William Hartley and his companion, James O'Donnell, trekked north west from Thaba Insimpi in the Mwanesi Range and met up with Thomas Leask, who was camped on the Chirundazi Stream with his companions Vandenberg, Byles and Moloney.
On 7 May, John and George Jennings, Sanders, Byles and Gilloway left for the Hunyani River (now the Manyame)
On 9 May, after spending a few days at the Chirundazi Stream camp, Hartley with O'Donnell, Moloney and Jacobs followed the first hunting party across the Umfuli, towards the Hunyani. Fourteen days later, Leask, who had trekked south-east to higher ground, received a message that Hartley's group was stricken with fever and needed help. In spite of Leask's treatments with the medicines of the time, William Hartley died at midday on Sunday, 29 May aged 17 years. Later that evening, James O'Donnell also died.
The various individuals movements are summarised on the table below showing their original locations on 6 May 1870 and how they had dispersed within the next few days.
Leask, in his diary of that time, makes no mention of Willie Hartley's grave or burial; but three months later, he took Henry Hartley to the gravesite with Thomas Baines and Robert Jewell. Leask wrote: "Exactly three months ago today we laid him under a Gondo tree and covered his grave with bushes to protect it from beasts of prey, carved the name and date, and we could do no more…a few miles from here J. O'Donnell is laid…Mr Baines took a sketch and Mr Jewell a photograph of the grave [Hartley's] after which we parted."
In his book, The Gold regions of South Eastern Africa on his second visit in 1870 to the Hartley Hills goldfield Thomas Baines says: "I made a trip of about five and twenty miles down the Umvuli river, finding several reefs, and returned to work at the house, hoping to have it ready to receive Nelson and the working party; when two horsemen, who proved to be Maloney and Leask arrived. All our hopes of a cheerful re-union were dashed, as with a thunder-stroke, by the sad intelligence that of the little party of hunters who had come in about a month before us, no fewer than seven had died of fever, while all the rest were more or less affected. [here Baines lists George Wood's wife and son and mother in law, Jebe, McDonald, Toris and Willie Hartley, but neglects to mention James O'Donnell] He refers to: "Willie Hartley, a fine young hunter, who bade fair to rival the fame of his well-known father. His grave was about 13 miles ESE and the camp about 9 miles SE of my house. Next morning I set out to visit our friends, Mr Wood kindly sending a horse to meet me on the way, and it was sad indeed to see so many men, whom I had known so recently rejoicing in their strength, now so enfeebled in body and in mind, that they dared hardly ride a mile, even in fine weather, for the benefit of their health, and could not remember with distinctness the details of the terrible ordeal through which they had just passed."
In late August 1870 Thomas Baines wrote in his diary: "We [Baines, Leask, Henry Hartley and Jewell] rode south west to the camp where I had first visited the hunters on the Zinlundusi [Chirundazi stream] Then turning east we crossed the river and, riding about an hour and a half more, we reached the spot where poor Willie Hartley's grave had been made three months before. There was some satisfaction in seeing that the grass fires which had devastated the country around had not yet reached this spot, and that the huts and scherms and the branches heaped over the grave still remained just as they were left. Two trees overshadowed it (Umghondies, I believe) [probably Msasa, brachystegia spiciformis] one still green and dark, the other sere and yellow, but still retaining its full foliage and the inscription "W.J.H. 29/5/70" was still sharp and clear on one of the principal stems. There were no stones near which to make a cairn and probably in a few years the tree may be destroyed and all traces of the locality effaced, but it will be long before the memory of poor Willie and the other victims of this fatal year passes from the minds of either the natives, or the white men occupying this country…we returned on a course of 340 or nearly north west magnetic to the Zinlundusi River which we crossed near its junction with the Umfuli."
Another who died that year was Henry Lamont McGillewie, a trader who became an elephant hunter because it is said he failed in business. He had a famous shooting horse named Colbrook and died of fever at the Serui River, near Hartley Hills. Old Henry Hartley had been horrified to hear of the death of his favourite son; he became very subdued and did not resume hunting, but just pottered around prospecting. He had been hunting in the area of the Hunyani River and shot a rhino and saw it fall. He went up to it, thinking it was dead. Instead, it struggled to its feet and tossed him into the air. He came down on its back. As the rhino turned to get him it fell dead, literally on top of Hartley, breaking several of his ribs and generally injuring him internally so much that he never hunted again in Mashonaland, eventually dying at the age sixty-one on his farm "Thorndale" in the Magaliesberg on the 8th February 1876 as a delayed result of this misadventure.
The actual grave site has been, owing to the passing years, shrouded in mystery. It is known that Leask carved William Hartley's name and the date of his death on a tree which stood at the head of the grave, and Baines's "Gold Region of South Eastern Africa" gives a longitude and latitude position. But time, nature and the deaths of those involved have combined forces in such a way as to create a mystery regarding William Hartley's resting place.
EE Burke's article is well researched as one might expect, but in his physical search for the grave I think he made a number of errors in his assumptions:
(1) That the gravesite was one and half hours horse ride east of the Sivundazi [Chirundazi Stream]
(2) He relied on Thomas Baines' estimate in his book Gold Regions of south eastern Africa that the distance from "Hartley Hills to Willie's grave" as 13 miles by trocheameter [a device that counts the revolutions of a wheel to calculate distance]
(3) He relied too literally on sketch map in the Zimbabwe National Archives of the area between the Mwanesi Range and Hartley Hill endorsed "Mr Lisk's [sic] chart from the Umfuli to the SE." The wagon track on the map between the Chirundazi camp and a point on a "spruit to Umvuli" marked "W.H" [presumably Willie Hartley's grave] is marked "7." It is then "4" to another stream and another "6" to a stand place for wagons on a big spruit and nearby is marked "OD" [presumably James O'Donnell's grave]
(4) He relied on a sketch in the Oppenheimer Series 3 of Northern Goldfields diaries of Thomas Baines that has a note by Baines saying that the grave is: "about 12 miles south east (magnetic) of Hartley Hill."
Burke rightly disregarded Thomas Baines calculation for his position which relied on dead reckoning and gave a longitude of 30⁰59′E for the gravesite; this is some 60 kilometres away east of Beatrice. Based on the sketch map Burke looked for "W.H" seven miles from the Chirundazi Stream and found it on the left bank of the Tumbwi, a tributary of the Nyangweni Stream
From the descriptions in the sketch maps, Burke attempted to match the actual topography on the ground; this is a notoriously difficult exercise, particularly with descriptions such as "the road over the bult."
It was this sense of mystery and challenge that led the Salisbury North Exploration Young Farmers' Club (YFC) led by the late Mr Robert (Bicky) Bicknell to set about finding Hartley's grave.
The first requirement was to check out the information in EE. Burke's paper, which put the site of Hartley's grave on the edge of a vlei leading into the Tumbwi stream from the north-west, about one mile from Mashayamombe Training Centre. I think, though the YFC paper doesn't say, that they realised that assumption 1 above was the major error. Baines says "We [Baines, Leask, Henry Hartley and Jewell] rode south west to the camp where I had first visited the hunters on the Zinlundusi [Chirundazi stream] Then turning east we crossed the river and, riding about an hour and a half more, we reached the spot where poor Willie Hartley's grave had been made three months before." Burke assumes that the party started at the Chirundazi Stream Camp, crossed the Chirundazi and rode by horse to the east for an hour and a half." This is about ten kilometres and could be achieved on horseback. The "W.H" site is also twenty kilometres from Fort Hill; the equivalent of Baines' thirteen miles in assumption 2. This trail is marked in orange on the Google earth image below.
The YFC interpreted Baines quote above differently from Burke in that the party of four which include Henry Hartley, Baines, Leask and Jewell crossed the Chirundazi and followed the stream down on its east bank to its confluence with the Mupfure River. The trail marked in green on the Google earth image below.
The YFC Club first set out to find the Hunter's Road Drift over the Mupfure and try to re-trace the route as given in Baines's diary. Their account says; "the Club trekked from the southern bank of the river, through a veritable jungle of "wait-a-bit" thorn bushes before they reached the top of a bank near the weir. Beyond this was another steep bank, covered with boulders, sharp-leafed reeds, and dense undergrowth. Less than a kilometre below the weir, they found they were opposite the road on the north bank. At first it was impossible to see any signs of a road, but, after two hours of exploration, the road was seen ascending through a cutting with steep banks rising on each side. At the top, members found what they first took to be a gully, with water standing at the bottom; but, upon investigation, it was realised this was Sir John Swinburne's gold diggings, which he had worked in 1869. This was the final proof that this was Hunter's Road Drift."
The YFC say they had found Sir John Swinburne's gold diggings at the Hunter's Road drift on the south bank of the Mupfure River. However, Thomas Baines says in The Gold Regions of South Eastern Africa on his first visit during August 1869 to the Hartley Hill goldfields: "nearly a mile to the south [of Hartley Hills] Sir John Swinburne had encamped, and with the help of his lead miner, Mr August Griete, had sunk two shafts about twenty-five feet deep, from which he had obtained some very rich, and visibly auriferous quartz, some white and crystalline, some coloured red or yellow with oxide of iron." Note these are on the north bank of the Mupfure River, not the south.
Baines' sketch map above shows Hartley Hill in the top left and the Hunters Road drift across the Mupfure River just to the left of its confluence with the Chirundazi Stream. The Mupfure River banks here have completely changed from the 1870's with the addition of a series of weirs which have backed up the river permanently and the old drift would now be under water.
The YFC were told by local people that there was a grave nearby, on the east bank of the Chirundazi. They say this corresponded with their calculated position from Baines original longitude position. However, the figure they give in the article of 30⁰27′29.00″E is over 3 kilometres to the east of the spot indicated on their sketch map.
The YFC and Burke felt the site corresponded exactly with Jewell's photograph, although they acknowledged the Msasa tree would not have lived this long and that his father, Henry Hartley, may well have used his wagon to replace the brushwood with stones to make the gravesite more permanent.
This photograph of Willie s grave was taken in August 1870, by Robert Jewell, who accompanied Henry Hartley and Thomas Baines and Thomas Leask to the site and is almost identical to Baines sketch above.
The prevailing granite soils of the area, being granite, (i.e. below 7 on a scale of 1 – 14) will give rise to acid soils and bones do not survive for long; although an entry in Henry Hartley's diary suggests that William was buried wearing the family signet ring, which was made from pure gold and contained a large ruby.
The actual gravesite is indicated on the YFC sketch map below and is shown just east of the Chirundazi Stream before its confluence with the Mupfure River and downstream of a small tributary which joins from the west.
Finally the YFC looked for James O'Donnell's gravesite. Baines says it was no more than 4 miles from Willie Hartley's grave, but as they rode by horse to the site, this must have been only an estimate. In the YFC article they say: "operating in pairs, the Club swept an area of 300 metres square, and eventually came across a site which, although densely overgrown, was unmistakably a grave. All information and co-ordinates checked out that this was definitely the last resting place of James O'Donnell. At the head of the grave stood a tree on which a small black area of the bark had been, at some time, blazed, leaving a mark about eight centimetres wide. The bark around the area was carefully removed; but the Club could not find any indication of an inscription, and decided to leave further investigation until expert help could be obtained."
The site indications for James O'Donnell's grave are vague and contradictory. From Willie Hartley's gravesite, they say the grave is in "a rocky outcrop some three miles away [4.8 kilometres] in a north north-east direction." This must be incorrect as it would place the grave on the northern bank of the Mupfure River and the diaries state that from the 25 May Thomas Leask and Vandenberg returned from their expedition to purchase pumpkins and chicken and recrossed to the south bank of the Mupfure River where all subsequent movement takes place.
The narrative above is also contradicted by the sketch map below which has O'Donnell's gravesite south of the Mupfure River and west of the Nyangweni Stream, but marked only 3.4 kilometres away!
I have placed the O'Donnell grave marker on the south side of a rocky wooded area which is exactly 3.4 kilometres from Willie Hartley's gravesite. This rocky wooded area covered in Candelabra trees (Euphorbia ingens) extends north to the Mupfure River and I have assumed that Leask would have buried O'Donnell near their wagon trail which probably took the more open ground south of the rocky area.
At this time I am somewhat at a loss to explain why Willie Hartley who died at midday and James O'Donnell who died that evening were not buried side by side as they died within 8 hours of each other. Presumably Willie was buried very quickly near where he died at the Chirundazi Stream and the wagons trekked on during the afternoon for another 3.4 kilometres to higher ground where O'Donnell died and was buried on the spot.
(1) The search by EE Burke in 1963 was too far east and was not near either gravesite. It is a fruitless task trying to relate the features on 1870 sketch maps to the current physical features on the ground nearly a century later.
(2) The YFC Expedition reviewed the available information, made an intensive ground search and were probably close to the gravesites, but provide no actual evidence that they actually located either Willie Hartley, or James O'Donnell's graves. No drawings apart from rough sketch maps, no photographs, or any kind of description of the graves and contradictory information does not provide any convincing evidence that they located the gravesites.
(3) Despite our best efforts using all the available evidence and the use of a GPS device, we found no trace of the graves. Local people did not move into this area until after 1897 and the area near the Chirundazi stream has only been cultivated on the east bank for the past twenty years and is still not cultivated on the west bank. I believe both grave sites were probably ploughed unknowingly and have been planted with maize crops and both graves will never been found now.
Thanks to ORAFs for permission to quote from Rhodesianheritage.blogspot.com/2012/02/in-search-of-lost-grave.html recompiled from the magazine Rhodesian Knowledge Number 1 about the Young Farmers Club (YFC) expedition
E.E. Burke. William Hartley's Grave. Rhodesiana No. 8 1963.
T. Baines. The Gold Regions of South Eastern Africa. Books of Rhodesia 1968
Brent Barber for accompanying me


Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei's March 21st New Year address mostly dwelt on domestic political issues. But the Iranian leader also made a few references to the most pressing foreign and security issues, none of which bode well for Iran's relations with the United States. Moreover, Khamenei tried to calm growing public anger amongst Iranians about the country's costly military interventions in the Middle East.
Comment: While Khamenei was addressing the United States and its allies, he was clearly trying to convince the Iranian public that Iran's regional adventurism served the country's national interest. Clearly, slogans of disadvantaged Iranians protesting against Iran's national wealth being squandered in Syria rather than secure the welfare of Iranians have reached the ears of the Ayatollah. Just as clearly, Khamenei believes more in his art of persuasion than the wisdom of changing policy according to the popular will.


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Big Tech Engineers Pay to Get Taller
Posted on September 22, 2022 by esimantiras
Software engineers from big tech firms like Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and Meta are paying at least $75,000 to get 3 inches taller, a leg-lengthening surgeon says
source: businessinsider.com | image: pixabay.com
Workers from Google, Microsoft, Amazon, and Meta are paying $75,000 to be taller, a surgeon told GQ.
The Las Vegas surgeon can lengthen patients' legs via a painful months-long process.
He breaks the thigh bones and inserts nails that are extended every day for three months.
A Las Vegas cosmetic surgeon who specializes in leg-lengthening procedures that can extend people's height by 3 to 6 inches told GQ magazine that many of his patients are tech workers.
Kevin Debiparshad founded LimbplastX Institute in 2016, and the clinic's business has boomed during the pandemic, he told GQ.
Here's how it works: The doctor breaks the patients' femurs, or thigh bones, and inserts metal nails into them that can be adjusted. The nails are extended a tiny bit every day for three months with a magnetic remote control, GQ reported.
It can take months to slowly lengthen the bones and for the legs to heal. One software engineer told GQ he spent the first three months after his surgery alone in his apartment and ordered delivery food during that time to go from 5-foot-6 to 5-foot-9.
The procedure costs between $70,000 and $150,000, depending on whether the patient wants to grow 3, 4, 5, or 6 inches, GQ said.
The common denominator of Debiparshad's client base is that they're wealthy, but they vary by profession: GQ reported that he'd treated CEOs, actors, and finance employees. And a bevy of high-earning tech workers — mostly men but some women — have come to him for the procedure.
"I joke that I could open a tech company," Debiparshad told GQ. "I got, like, 20 software engineers doing this procedure right now who are here in Vegas. There was a girl yesterday from PayPal. I've got patients from Google, Amazon, Facebook, Microsoft. I've had multiple patients from Microsoft."
The surgeon said he didn't recommend the procedure for athletes since it could decrease their ability, and many of the patients GQ spoke to said they didn't tell people they had the procedure done.
The stigma around plastic surgery for men has begun to fall away in recent years. Cosmetic procedures performed on men went up 325% from 1997 to 2015, according to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.
And within Silicon Valley, plastic surgery has increasingly become a way for male tech workers to reach their physical goals in recent years.
The Washington Post reported in January 2020 that men were turning to Botox, fillers, laser treatments, and techniques meant to stimulate collagen in an effort to get ahead in their careers.
Posted in Artemus Spotlights, Just plain interesting!
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Lawrence Of Arabia David Lean Lawrence of Arabia is a 1962 British epic historical drama film based on the life of T. E. Lawrence. It was directed by David Lean and produced by Sam Spiegel through his British company Horizon Pictures, with the screenplay by Robert Bolt and Michael Wilson and starring Peter O'Toole in the title role.
Lawrence Of Arabia (1962). Directed by David Lean. With Peter O'Toole, Alec Guinness, Anthony Quinn, Jack Hawkins. The story of T.E. Lawrence, the English officer who successfully united and led the diverse, often warring, Arab tribes during World War I in order to fight the Turks.
Plot, Cast, Awards, & Facts. Lawrence of Arabia, British historical film, released in 1962, that became one of the most celebrated epics in the history of cinema. The movie, which presents a portrait of the complicated soldier and author T.E. Lawrence, won seven Academy Awards, including those for best picture and best director, and made lead actor Peter O'Toole a star.
David Lean. Sir David Lean CBE (25 March 1908 – 16 April 1991) was an English film director, producer, screenwriter and editor, responsible for large-scale epics such as The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957), Lawrence of Arabia (1962), Doctor Zhivago (1965) and A Passage to India (1984).
Transcript From The Screenplay. Voila! Finally, the Lawrence Of Arabia script is here for all you quotes spouting fans of the David Lean movie starring Peter O'Toole. This script is a transcript that was painstakingly transcribed using the screenplay and/or viewings of Lawrence Of Arabia.


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by Amina Tumi, Hair & beauty Salon Owner, London and Bryony, London.
"Cancer deaths among women to rise 60% by 2030", new report warns1.
Have we ever taken a moment to stop and really consider what statistics are actually there for and what their purpose is?
The number of women diagnosed with breast cancer alone could almost double to 3.2 million a year by 2030 from 1.7 million in 20152.
An estimated 17.5 million people died from cardiovascular diseases in 2012, representing 31% of all global deaths. Of these deaths, an estimated 7.4 million were due to coronary heart disease and 6.7 million were due to stroke3.
Depression is a common mental disorder. Globally, an estimated 350 million people of all ages suffer from depression4.
by Rachel Mascord, BDS, Sydney and Warrawong.
This has been an extraordinary week in my life…a point of endings and new beginnings that have left me raw and vulnerable in a way I've rarely allowed myself to experience before.
I submitted my resignation this week. This has been a momentous step because it is the first time I have left a job with no other job to go to. I had held this position for more than 16 years, and a very comfortable nest it became indeed. My comfort in this job lay in the "security" of its tenure, but an uncomfortable and damaging comfort it was. The price I was paying was high; its coinage the toleration of a constant level of low grade disrespect and the sort of subtle abuse that people learn to cope with, in some way or another. After all, it is quite the normal thing in this world…isn't it? It is an abuse that does not mark the flesh, but rather more insidiously leaves its bruises deep and unseen upon the heart and the being.
Never have I allowed such a level of open vulnerability in my life. Never have I allowed such a level of surrender, never have I stated that I trust myself so deeply and all of the resource that comes, innate, rich and sourced from deep within me.
by Jessica Gamble, Psychotherapist, M.GestTherapy, Tintenbar, NSW.
At 18 years of age I should have been a fit young woman who wanted to grab life with both hands. Although I wasn't depressed and did not have anything physically wrong with me, I had certainly adjusted to living a life that lacked true health and wellbeing.
At 174 cm tall I weighed 80 kilograms and had little vitality or motivation. I felt sluggish and often woke up with enormous back and shoulder pain, a tight jaw and felt constantly dehydrated. I remember having to seek support from my mum who was a qualified bodyworker, as most mornings I physically couldn't get out of bed without a back rub, allowing me to stand up straight and proceed with my day. During this time I was on the contraceptive pill and had been since age 15, so my periods were falsely manufactured and I therefore had little knowledge of just how much my body was struggling. After I finished a long-term relationship at age 20 I decided to go off the pill, in order to see if I could shift some of the excess weight and regain some aliveness in my body, as my libido was now well and truly dead.


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Before 9/11, the Bush Administration thought tax breaks and environmental deregulation would solve the energy crisis. They were wrong. Now it's time for policies that promote conservation and energy alternatives.
During George W. Bush's first months in office in 2001, before 9/11 swept all else aside, his top policy objective was to overcome the ongoing energy crisis, triggered by oil shortages, high gasoline prices and an overtaxed infrastructure. "The nation has got a real problem when it comes to energy," he declared in March of that year. "We need more sources of energy." To tackle this problem, Bush ordered Vice President Cheney to devise a new national energy strategy. The resulting blueprint, announced with great fanfare on May 17, 2001, called for a host of initiatives aimed at boosting the nation's energy supply. Today this strategy, like so much else touched by Hurricane Katrina, lies in ruins.
Signs of the wreckage abound. There are, first of all, the high gasoline prices caused by damage to the Gulf Coast's drilling wells and refineries. Working-class commuters in rural areas will be particularly hard-hit, as Sasha Abramsky points out in this issue. Rising fuel prices will also add to the cost of other products, including food. Home heating costs are expected to skyrocket, producing misery and illness–even death–for those on fixed incomes who cannot afford the inflated prices. Many workers in the airline and tourist industries will lose their jobs as high fuel costs eat into profits and discourage personal travel. All but the very rich will be affected in one way or another.
These effects are not merely the product of natural disaster. True, Katrina inflicted considerable damage on key oil and gas facilities, significantly adding to the nation's energy woes. But it only exacerbated a situation that was already becoming dire before August 29. What makes Katrina so significant is not its short-term consequences, which can be overcome, but the massive flaws it exposed in the larger edifice of Administration policy.
These flaws derive from the driving thrust of the Cheney plan: to perpetuate the nation's addiction to cheap petroleum for another few decades, thereby preserving the power and profits of Big Oil (from which so many of the Bushies emerged) and postponing the costly and disruptive–but ultimately inevitable–transition to a post-petroleum energy system. The Cheney plan paid lip service to the need for conservation, but the emphasis was on increasing the supply rather than curbing the demand.
The role of oil in precipitating the US invasion of Iraq is still widely disputed, but it is undeniable that White House officials were well aware of Iraq's potential as a giant filling station for the United States and were fully determined to replace Saddam Hussein with someone more amenable to this outcome. However, in their haste to topple Saddam, these officials did not pay heed to warnings about the deep ethno-religious schisms in Iraq, and were thus ill-prepared for the insurgency and sectarian conflict that have gripped the country since mid-2003. Among the many casualties of this violence is Iraq's oil output, which is lower now than before the US invasion. Nor has the United States succeeded in boosting the output of other foreign suppliers, many of which are also beset by ethnic and political disorders.
The one bright spot has been the Gulf of Mexico, which has accounted for the only significant increases in domestic oil output since Bush took office. Now, as a result of Katrina, and to a lesser extent Hurricane Rita, production in much of the Gulf has been halted, and it is unlikely that investors will deploy new $1 billion drilling rigs in the path of future hurricanes.
At this point, no amount of rubber bands and chewing gum can stick the Administration's energy plan back together. Energy supplies will remain tight for years, and the economy will suffer accordingly. There is no supply-side solution to our energy woes; as the Apollo Alliance (www.apolloalliance.org) points out in its "Ten-Point Plan for Good Jobs and Energy Independence," only a concerted drive for conservation, investment in efficient, clean factories and the development of petroleum alternatives can provide relief. This requires a significant increase in mandatory fuel-efficiency standards for cars and trucks and the redeployment of federal subsidies from traditional energy systems to renewables, biofuels, public transportation and, eventually, hydrogen fuel cells.
Bush/Cheney will never choose this path voluntarily. Indeed, even as Bush hypocritically called for Americans to drive less and conserve energy, his allies in Congress were pushing for relaxed environmental standards on coastal drilling and for drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Only vigorous public pressure from across the spectrum will produce the necessary reforms. Fortunately, the American people are primed for a progressive energy policy. Surveys show widespread suspicion that oil companies are price-gouging. They also show overwhelming support for a windfall-profits tax to be used to develop alternative sources of energy, lessening America's dependence on imported oil. It remains for politicians to heed the call, before we run out of gas.


text:
#include "hal.h"
#include "ch_test.h"
#include "test_root.h"

/**
 * @file    test_sequence_004.c
 * @brief   Test Sequence 004 code.
 *
 * @page test_sequence_004 [4] Suspend/Resume
 *
 * File: @ref test_sequence_004.c
 *
 *
Description

 * This sequence tests the ChibiOS/RT functionalities related to
 * threads suspend/resume.
 *
 *
Test Cases

 * - @subpage test_004_001
 * .
 */

/****************************************************************************
 * Shared code.
 ****************************************************************************/

static thread_reference_t tr1;

static THD_FUNCTION(thread1, p) {

  chSysLock();
  chThdResumeI(&tr1, MSG_OK);
  chSchRescheduleS();
  chSysUnlock();
  test_emit_token(*(char *)p);
}

/****************************************************************************
 * Test cases.
 ****************************************************************************/

/**
 * @page test_004_001 [4.1] Suspend and Resume functionality
 *
 *
Description

 * The functionality of chThdSuspendTimeoutS() and chThdResumeI() is
 * tested.
 *
 *
Test Steps

 * - [4.1.1] The function chThdSuspendTimeoutS() is invoked, the thread
 *   is remotely resumed with message @p MSG_OK. On return the message
 *   and the state of the reference are tested.
 * - [4.1.2] The function chThdSuspendTimeoutS() is invoked, the thread
 *   is not resumed so a timeout must occur. On return the message and
 *   the state of the reference are tested.
 * .
 */

static void test_004_001_setup(void) {
  tr1 = NULL;
}

static void test_004_001_execute(void) {
  systime_t time;
  msg_t msg;

  /* [4.1.1] The function chThdSuspendTimeoutS() is invoked, the thread
     is remotely resumed with message @p MSG_OK. On return the message
     and the state of the reference are tested.*/
  test_set_step(1);
  {
    threads[0] = chThdCreateStatic(wa[0], WA_SIZE, chThdGetPriorityX()-1, thread1, "A");
    chSysLock();
    msg = chThdSuspendTimeoutS(&tr1, TIME_INFINITE);
    chSysUnlock();
    test_assert(NULL == tr1, "not NULL");
    test_assert(MSG_OK == msg,"wrong returned message");
    test_wait_threads();
  }

  /* [4.1.2] The function chThdSuspendTimeoutS() is invoked, the thread
     is not resumed so a timeout must occur. On return the message and
     the state of the reference are tested.*/
  test_set_step(2);
  {
    chSysLock();
    time = chVTGetSystemTimeX();
    msg = chThdSuspendTimeoutS(&tr1, MS2ST(1000));
    chSysUnlock();
    test_assert_time_window(time + MS2ST(1000),
                            time + MS2ST(1000) + CH_CFG_ST_TIMEDELTA + 1,
                            "out of time window");
    test_assert(NULL == tr1, "not NULL");
    test_assert(MSG_TIMEOUT == msg, "wrong returned message");
  }
}

static const testcase_t test_004_001 = {
  "Suspend and Resume functionality",
  test_004_001_setup,
  NULL,
  test_004_001_execute
};

/****************************************************************************
 * Exported data.
 ****************************************************************************/

/**
 * @brief   Suspend/Resume.
 */
const testcase_t * const test_sequence_004[] = {
  &test_004_001,
  NULL
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home firefighter Law
Washington Supreme Court Concludes Public Duty Doctrine Limited to Statutory Duties
in firefighter Law
The Supreme Court of Washington has ruled that the public duty doctrine, one of the fire service's most important defenses to negligence claims, only applies to statutorily created duties, not common law duties. The ruling came in a suit case brought against the Seattle Fire Department alleging firefighters responded to the wrong address.
Let's start with the facts of the case, as explained by the court:
Early in the morning on February 7, 2017, Delaura [Norg] woke up to find [her husband] Fred "making really loud sounds."
Fred's "eyes were wide open and glassy," and he did not respond to Delaura's attempts to wake him.
Delaura called 911, and she was connected to a dispatcher employed by SFD at 4:42 a.m.
The dispatcher immediately asked for the Norgs' address, which Delaura accurately provided.
Within one minute of answering Delaura's call, the 911 dispatcher assigned three units from two nearby SFD stations to respond.
The dispatcher gave the units the Norgs' correct address, which was three blocks away from the closest station. The units left their respective stations between 4:44 and 4:46 a.m., and the dispatcher assured Delaura that "a lot of people [were] on the way."
While she waited, Delaura confirmed her address to the dispatcher twice, and she followed the dispatcher's instructions to move Fred to the floor and begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
By 4:49 a.m., all three of the dispatched units signaled that they were "[o]n, [s]cene."
However, they were not at the Norgs' apartment. Instead, the units mistakenly assumed the 911 call had come from "a nursing home in the [same] area that gets many alarms throughout the year," and they went there instead, driving past the Norgs' apartment building to do so.
When the emergency responders arrived at the nursing home, they found no indication of a medical emergency and realized they had gone to the wrong address.
The units then went back to the Norgs' apartment building. After struggling to gain access, emergency responders reached the Norgs approximately 16 minutes after Delaura began speaking with the 911 dispatcher.
Fred was transported to the hospital, where he was diagnosed with a heart attack. He survived but allegedly suffered "severe and permanent injuries," including brain damage due to a lack of oxygen, resulting in "cognitive deficits and impaired vision, balance[,] and ambulation."
On October 12, 2018, the Norgs filed a complaint against the City, claiming that its employees were "negligent in failing to use reasonable care in responding to the Norgs' 911 medical emergency."
They allege this negligence caused damages including medical expenses, pain and suffering, emotional distress, and lost wages and earning capacity.
In its answer to the Norgs' complaint, the City asserted as one of its "affirmative defenses" that the Norgs' "claims are barred by the public duty doctrine."
The public duty doctrine has been one of the most important defenses that fire departments have when confronted by suits for negligence. Simply put, it holds that government owes a moral duty to the public, but not a legal enforceable duty to any particular person. As such, when someone is injured through a governmental failure, they must be able to point to a particular duty owed by government to the injured party that is separate from the general duty owed to all.
As a state law issue, each state is free to take its own approach to the public duty doctrine. Some states limit its application to a governmental failures to act; other states apply it to failures to act as well as negligence when carrying out a duty. Differentiating between the failure to act (nonfeasance) and negligence when carrying out a duty (misfeasance) can be difficult as in every affirmative act of negligence there is an inevitably a failure of some sort. This difficulty and others have led some states (for example, Illinois) to abandon the public duty doctrine entirely.
That brings us to the Supreme Court of Washington's holding. The court opted to limit the applicability of the public duty doctrine to statutorily imposed duties, but not to common law duties. While I understand the distinction, I fail to grasp the court's reasoning for making it. For that reason, I will leave you to the court's explanation for its distinction:
The public duty doctrine operates as "a focusing tool" to ensure that governmental entities may be held liable only "to the same extent as if they were a private person or corporation."
To accomplish this, the public duty doctrine provides "a mechanism for focusing upon whether a duty is actually owed to an individual claimant rather than the public at large."
If the duty that the government allegedly breached was owed to the public at large, then the public duty doctrine applies; if the duty was owed to an individual, then the public duty doctrine does not apply.
This is a potentially "dispositive" issue because if the public duty doctrine applies, the negligence claim must be dismissed for lack of an actionable duty unless there is an applicable exception.
Thus, to determine whether the public duty doctrine bars the Norgs' claim, as the City contends it does, we must identify the duty that the City allegedly breached and determine whether that duty is based on a generally applicable statute or an individually applicable common law duty. If the duty is based on the common law and owed to the Norgs individually, then the public duty doctrine does not apply, our analysis ends, and we must affirm. If the duty is based on a statute and owed to the public generally, then the public duty doctrine applies and we must determine whether there are any applicable exceptions. If an exception applies, we must affirm; if no exception applies, we must reverse.
The public duty doctrine does not apply here because the Norgs allege that the City breached a common law duty owed to them individually, not a statutory duty owed to the general public.
Here is a copy of the decision:
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Here I go again, banging my head against the brick wall that is the Minneapolis Park Board. Staff and commissioners all inclusive.
I was totally gobsmacked at the Community Advisory Committee meeting held at Powderhorn Park Thursday night, March 7, 2019. The Park Board had the temerity to spend taxpayer money on a concept of a four-hole golf center when the directive for Hiawatha Golf Course clearly stated a minimum of nine-hole golf. Then, they took the flexible part of the directive and tried to pass it off as immutable, considering ONLY a 70% reduction in pumping. Attempting to claim they are only doing what the Park Board commissioners directed was contemptible.
On Aug. 1, 2018, I spoke with Michael Schroeder concerning the directive that had been passed by the commissioners, thanks to an amendment put forth by Commissioner Vetaw. Michael had worked with her to craft this compromise amendment.
If you view the video of that meeting where the amendment was voted on, it is absolutely clear from Michael Schroeder and President Brad Bourn that there is no reason for the pumping to be reduced. No reason at all. Brad Bourn states that if pumping is reduced, it is on the Park Board, not by reason of the DNR. The DNR has repeated that no reduction of pumping is required.
So, I asked Michael on Aug. 1, 2018, if when we talk about reduced pumping, did it have to be 96 million gallons or if the directive was just about the "concept" of reduced pumping. Michael said that was what he had been trying to convey to the commissioners, that there is a whole range of pumping options that were less than the 242 million gallons per year. And that the first objective has to be keeping the homes and the neighborhood safe. The parameters would be determined by elevations and groundwater locations and what freeboard requirements were required by home mortgage programs.
Then, the proposals for the CAC came up with ONLY 70% reduced pumping. This reflects none of the parameters described by Michael Schroeder. We already know there is no reason for the reduced pumping. The Park Board is giving $175,000 of taxpayer money to Barr Engineering, who is only giving us the same old reports that were already paid for. No new science was presented to the CAC. The Park Board just expects homeowners to take their word for it when, clearly, not even written promises are kept, let alone verbal ones. Even if we accept Barr Engineering's studies to be competent, the Park Board's interpretations of Barr reports have been deeply flawed.
Even the prospect of state senators and representatives telling the Park Board and their lawyers and their lobbyist that a comprehensive study of the entire watershed must be done before any decisions are made does not deter them. Senator Patricia Torres Ray stated that the water issues must be studied and resolved before any changes are made, and that didn't dent their hubris. Immediately after the senator addressed the Park Board staff, two commissioners and the CAC, Commissioner Musich spoke about changes being made along Minnehaha Creek without a comprehensive study. Steffanie Musich clearly just does not understand the problem and she has no concern about the people in her district. She has stated, "The people of South Minneapolis will just have to get used to water in their basements." All because she has personally decided Hiawatha Golf Course has to go.
No changes should be made to Minnehaha Creek, Lake Hiawatha or Hiawatha Golf Course until a comprehensive hydrological study is done. This is not Park Board money Steffanie Musich is foolishly spending, it is taxpayer money. And even hearing state senators say that the money faucet will be turned off does not sink in. The arrogance and the lack of transparency and the absolute lack of consideration for veracity is simply appalling.
The comprehensive study of the Minnehaha Creek Watershed and the volumes of water coming down the Creek into Lake Hiawatha simply must be studied before the Park Board does further irreparable damage to South Minneapolis. Minneapolis Parks and Recreation Board is throwing away tax dollars and they don't care. We will continue to shine a light on their actions.


text:
Art, Money, Scandal, and Real Estate: A San Francisco Love Story
in Authors, Region, Urban Hiking, West
In honor of Valentine's Day, and to coincide with the new release of Walking San Francisco, it seems fitting to highlight a love story that traverses several very walkable San Francisco neighborhoods. Join us as author Kathleen Dodge Doherty rolls back the clock and turns the spotlight on Alma de Bretteville, a brazen woman of passionate love.
Our story begins in the middle of Union Square, atop the Dewey Monument. Or, to be more exact, with the young model who posed for the soaring centerpiece. Born in 1881, Alma de Bretteville was the daughter of Danish immigrants living in the sand-swept no-man's-land of today's Sunset District. To help pay for art classes, Alma supported herself by modeling for other artists. It helped that she was beautiful and tall; but it especially didn't hurt that she was willing to pose in the buff.
With her nude modeling, Alma increased both her livelihood and her notoriety. When sculptor Robert Ingersoll Aitken hired to her to model for his Dewey monument submission, her fate changed considerably, as she turned the head of notorious bachelor and sugar magnate heir Adolph Spreckels. A love affair was born, and Alma's pet name for her wealthy husband 23 years her senior later joined the modern lexicon as she boasted of her doting 'sugar daddy.'
But as the adage goes, "well-behaved women rarely make history," and Alma was anything but prim and proper. The well-heeled society crowd did not immediately embrace this brash, uneducated, outspoken beauty, and she turned her nose at them by smoking cigars in public, chugging martinis, and befriending drag queens.
But the snobbery from the elite did not affect the attention of her adoring Adolph. On the contrary, the wealthy heir gifted her with the opulent Spreckels mansion in Pacific Heights, where they threw lavish parties and rumors of skinny dipping in the pools ran rampant. In order to make sure that his beloved Alma's bay view was unimpeded, Adolf went so far as to buy the neighboring properties as well. Rather than destroy them to provide a clear view to the water, Alma insisted that several of the homes be relocated elsewhere. It's worth noting that their hedonism was matched by their philanthropic generosity, and Alma ran hugely successful charity auctions to raise money for war and depression relief efforts.
When Adolph died in 1924, he left Alma his fortune, making her the richest woman in the west. In her final years, Alma had a hand in the construction of the San Francisco Maritime Museum and the Legion of Honor. Her funeral, in 1968, was the largest the city had ever seen, and a fitting send off to one of San Francisco's most influential and unconventional women.
For more on Alma and all the neighborhoods she graced, pick up a copy of Walking San Francisco and follow in the footsteps of one of San Francisco's most colorful and passionate characters.
Valentine's DayWalking San Francisco


And if you have curly hair, like mine, you will be glad to know that it is the best solution I have found for those bad hair days.
I hope this Ponytail Hat will be as useful to you as it has been for me and enjoy both doing it and using it.
Start making a slip knot, take the band and with your working yarn behind insert hook yarn over and pull through making a slip stitch.
2nd Row: Double crochet into the third chain from the hook – 19 double crochet across – 1 single crochet into the last chain of the row – insert hook into the elastic band and make a slip stitch.
3rd Row: 1 single crochet – 13 double crochet – 5 double crochet working on back loop only – 1 double crochet working both loops – chain 2 and turn.
13 double crochet – 1 single crochet – slip stitch into the elastic band – chain 1 and turn.
From the 5th row on we repeat rows 3 and 4 until reaching a width of approximately 55 cm.
Put right side inside and wrong side outside and join ends with slip stitch.
At one end we must have two loops from each double crochet of previous row and at the other end we must have one loop from the foundation chain.
Insert the hook into these three loops and make a slip stitch all the way across until you reach the elastic band.
Weave in the ends and that's it! You have your hat finished!


This helps to explain why people are increasingly sickened by governmental and media cries of 'war crimes' when it's the 'bad guys', and deafening silence or 'weasel words' when it's the 'good guys'.
The human race is indeed in trouble when 'good' and 'bad' is decided by a bunch of sociopathic neocons in Washington, the arms dealers who fund them, and a spineless press that lets it go unchallenged 99% of the time.
Thanks FT, for showing some backbone on this. Please speak out sooner on these issues.


WASHINGTON, D.C., June 12, 2017 – The National Pork Producers Council in comments submitted today again urged the U.S. Department of Agriculture to withdraw a regulation related to the buying and selling of livestock. It also delivered to the agency comments from 630 pork producers and others in the pork industry, opposing the regulation and asking that it be withdrawn.
The interim final rule would broaden the scope of the Packers and Stockyards Act (PSA) of 1921 related to using "unfair, unjustly discriminatory or deceptive practices" and to giving "undue or unreasonable preferences or advantages." Specifically, the regulation would deem such actions per se violations of federal law even if they didn't harm competition or cause competitive injury, prerequisites for winning PSA cases.
USDA in 2010 proposed several PSA provisions – collectively known as the GIPSA Rule – that Congress mandated in the 2008 Farm Bill; lawmakers rejected a provision that would have eliminated the need to prove a competitive injury to win a PSA lawsuit. Additionally, eight federal appeals courts have held that harm to competition must be an element of a PSA case.
An Informa Economics study found that the GIPSA Rule today would cost the U.S. pork industry more than $420 million annually – more than $4 per hog – with most of the costs related to PSA lawsuits brought under the "no competitive injury" provision included in the interim final rule.


text:
Will Neha Pendse replace Saumya Tondon's character Anita Bhabhi in &TV's 'Bhabhiji Ghar Par Hain' ?
Bhabhi Ji Ghar Par Hai, a popular Hindi-sitcom revolving around two neighbouring couples, the Mishras and Tiwaris, in which the husbands are attracted to each other's wives. Interestingly, the makers, Binaifer and Sanjay Kohli, have approached Neha Pendse to play the new Anita bhabhi, as Saumya Tondon will be quitting the show. She stated her desire to grow as an artist is making her do so and quoted, "I want to do projects where there is scope for growth."
However Neha has denied being a part of the show.
Bhabi ji ghar par haiNeha PendseSaumya Tondon


text:
9781934874509-ch10
Cutthroat Trout: Evolutionary Biology and Taxonomy
The Lahontan Basin Evolutionary Lineage of Cutthroat Trout
Mary M. Peacock, Helen M. Neville, and Amanda J. Finge
doi: https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874509.ch10
Abstract.—Lahontan Cutthroat Trout (LCT) Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi and Paiute Cutthroat Trout (PCT) O. c. selernis are found in the Lahontan hydrographic basin of northern Nevada, northeastern California, and southeastern Oregon and together form the Lahontan Basin evolutionary lineage of Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii. The Alvord Cutthroat Trout O. c. ssp. native to the Alvord Lake subbasin in the northwestern Lahontan Basin was also part of this lineage but went extinct due to Rainbow Trout O. mykiss introgression in the mid-20th century. Both LCT and PCT are federally listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Given its historic distribution in a single small stream and both phenotypic and genetic distinctiveness, PCT is currently recognized as a separate evolutionarily significant unit (ESU). For LCT, three ESUs are identified based upon meristic, morphological, ecological, and genetic data. These putative LCT ESUs separate lacustrine forms in the western Lahontan Basin (Truckee, Carson, and Walker River basins) from largely fluvial forms in the eastern Lahontan Basin (Humboldt and Reese River basins) and northwestern Lahontan Basin (Quinn River, Coyote Lake, and Summit Lake basins). The more recent recognition of a much longer evolutionary history of Cutthroat Trout and several influential genetic papers identifying previously unrecognized diversity within Cutthroat Trout have prompted a need to re-evaluate the overall taxonomy of this species. Here, we review earlier literature and draw on new information from recent studies to delineate uniquely identifiable evolutionary units within the Lahontan Basin lineage of Cutthroat Trout. Though in several cases various anthropogenic and natural influences have made definitive conclusions difficult, based on this collective information and the goal of conserving potentially important genetic, evolutionary, and life history diversity, we propose recognition of six uniquely identifiable evolutionary units within the Lahontan Cutthroat Trout lineage: (1) Paiute Cutthroat Trout—upper East Carson River; (2) western Lahontan Basin—Truckee, Walker, and Carson rivers together with Summit Lake; (3) northwestern Lahontan Basin—Quinn River; (4) eastern Lahontan Basin—Humboldt and Reese rivers; (5) Lake Alvord basin—Virgin-Thousand and Trout Creek drainages; and (6) Coyote Lake basin—Willow and Whitehorse rivers.
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Double-contrast left posterior oblique view of the stomach following partial gastric resection with anastomosis to the duodenal bulb.
Figure 3.2. Billroth II. Double-contrast supine view of the stomach following partial gastric resection with a gastrojejunostomy. There is filling of the efferent limb and a small portion of the afferent limb.
establishing gastrointestinal continuity after gastric resection, many with eponyms attached. To highlight the confusion in terminology, he brought attention to the fact that the "Polya" procedure had been performed earlier by 11 different surgeons, including Hofmeister, and the "Hofmeister procedure" was first performed by Eiselsberg. The Billroth I was in fact first performed by Pean and bears his name in some countries. To avoid confusion, descriptive terminology, rather than eponyms should be used. Burhenne has outlined 11 basic components of gastric surgery  (Table 3.1). The extent of gastric resection will depend on the indication for surgery (i.e., malignancy, benign tumor, or PUD) and the surgical objective (e.g., removal of the gastrin-producing portion of the stomach). The anastomosis may be end to end, end to side, side to side, or side to end. It is now customary to perform an end-to-side anastomosis with a Billroth II.
In relation to gastrojejunostomy, the terms "anterior" and "posterior" refer to the position of the jejunal anastomosis with respect to the anterior and posterior walls of the stomach. The anastomosis is not always made to the cut end of the stomach; indeed, it may be at a separate area distinct from that site.
The jejunal anastomosis may also be either antecolic or retrocolic. With the antecolic anastomosis, the jejunum is anastomosed to the stomach anterior to the transverse colon, whereas the retrocolic anastomosis is performed posterior to the transverse colon through an incision in the transverse mesocolon.
Table 3.1. Basic components of gastric surgery.
Figure 3.4. Hofmeister defect. Supine film from an upper GI series demonstrating a defect along the lesser curvature of the gastric remnant corresponding to the closure line of the invaginated cut surface of the stomach.
defect corresponds to the closure line of the invaginated cut surface of the stomach. Six out of 100 cases with this repair demonstrated this defect in one study . It is important to recognize this as a postsurgical deformity, not to be confused with pathology, such as neoplasm. The defect is generally best seen in the early postoperative period and often decreases in size or disappears on subsequent examinations. It may appear as an ovoid, spherical, smooth, or lobulated defect up to 5 cm in diameter on the lesser curvature of the gastric remnant just above the anastomosis. Postoperative baseline studies are helpful in this regard, because this defect would not develop at a time distant from surgery, and in fact may decrease in size or disappear with time.
The terms "isoperistaltic" and "antiperistaltic" have been generally discarded because they have acquired different meanings, producing confusion and controversy. The terms "right to left" and "left to right" have replaced "iso-" and "antiperistaltic," and indicate that the A loop is located on the greater curvature (right to left) or the lesser curvature (left to right). This decision will be based on the patient's body habitus and the surgeon's preference.
A complete interpretation of the radiographic appearance of the postoperative stomach should include, where appropriate, estimation of the extent of the gastric resection, the type, position, direction, and orientation of any anastomosis, evaluation of the stoma or channel diameter, contour and location, and an assessment of the speed, direction, and completeness of gastric emptying [8,10].
The various types of pyloroplasty include Heineke-Mikulicz, Finney, and Jaboulay, with the former being the most commonly performed. Pyloroplasty is a drainage procedure intended to widen the pyloric channel and therefore facilitate gastric emptying. In the Heineke-Mikulicz procedure a longitudinal incision of 2 to 5 cm is made across the pylorus, which is then sutured transversely (Fig. 3.5).
Figure 3.5. Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty. (A) A longitudinal incision is made across the pylorus, which is then sutured transversely (B).
The postoperative appearance is variable, especially if the normal anatomy of the pyloroduodenal region is deformed from fibrosis and/or edema, and it is often difficult to distinguish postoperative deformity from recurrent ulcer. It has been noted that peristatic activity in the pouches can be observed fluoroscopically, and therefore pouches can be differentiated from ulcers on this basis . A characteristic pseudodiverticulum appearance on both sides of the pyloric channel, which has been called a "beagle ear sign," may be identified (Fig. 3.6) [8,12]. The effect of the Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty was studied theoretically and confirmed by cadaver and clinical studies by Toye et al. . These authors hypothesized that the effect of the suturing would be to produce a pouch at the site of the suture line and traction on the longitudinal muscle fibers at either end of the incision. The traction produces a "sling" proximal and distal to the pouch. A ridge is formed by the pyloric muscle in the middle of the pouch. The longer the incision, the greater the size of the pouch and constrictions.
The Finney pyloroplasty, an incision followed by suturing in the form of an inverted U extending from the antrum across the pylorus into the duodenum, produces a characteristic ridgelike deformity with a wide pyloric channel. The Jaboulay pyloroplasty is a gastroduo-denostomy with an anastomosis created between the antrum and second portion of the duodenum. This type of procedure is considered when severe scarring and deformity of the bulb renders the other procedures technically difficult.
In some cases, gastric and duodenal ulcers may be treated with simple closure or local excision. Plication defects may be identified in such circumstances, although often no radiological abnormality can be detected. Minor irregularities or deformity of the gastric or duodenal wall may be identified in some cases, and these may disappear with time . Wedge and sleeve resection of the gastric wall leaves a permanent deformity that can be identified on barium studies.


Production, means the output of Metal Recycling?
Revenue, means the sales value of Metal Recycling?
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Metal Recycling?
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Metal Recycling?
Figure Picture of Metal Recycling?
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Metal Recycling?
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Metal Recycling?
Table Major Buyers of Metal Recycling?
Browse market data Tables and Figures spread through 105 Pages and in-depth TOC on "Global Metal Recycling Market Research Report 2016"
The fundamental overview of Ferrous Metal Recycling Equipment market, revenue statistics, market definition, product scope, industry chain structure and market share are analyzed in this report. Furthermore, the industry policies, definitions, product classification, a variety of applications, production volume, demand and supply statistics of Ferrous Metal Recycling Equipment.
The fundamental overview of Metal Recycling Equipment market, revenue statistics, market definition, product scope, industry chain structure and market share are analyzed in this report. Furthermore, the industry policies, definitions, product classification, a variety of applications, production volume, demand and supply statistics of Metal Recycling Equipment.
The fundamental overview of Metal Recycling market, revenue statistics, market definition, product scope, industry chain structure and market share are analyzed in this report. Furthermore, the industry policies, definitions, product classification, a variety of applications, production volume, demand and supply statistics of Metal Recycling.


Government seeks to improve the welfare of its citizenry and intervenes in marketplaces to maximize benefits when externalities are not captured. By analyzing how welfare changes from area to area across the country in response to the same intervention informs where government should act. This thesis analyzes the case of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). PHEVs have many societal benefits, including improving national security, economic, environmental, and health advantages. The magnitude and distribution of these benefits depends on where PHEVs are deployed. This thesis develops and applies a methodology to determine if the benefits from PHEV deployment vary across the country and for ranking regions where positive PHEV consequences are likely to be maximized. The metrics in this method are proxies of key variables which predict the level of benefits in a county from the deployment of a PHEV there; they include population, health benefits from reduced ozone concentration, vehicle miles traveled per capita, existence of non-federal policies, and CO2 intensity of electricity. By shedding light on how benefits from PHEV deployment vary across counties, this thesis seeks to better inform where to enact government interventions to maximize the benefits of this technology.


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Home News THOR3D ANNOUNCES NEW CEO AND DIRECTOR OF SALES
THOR3D ANNOUNCES NEW CEO AND DIRECTOR OF SALES
Moscow-based 3D scanner manufacturer Thor3D announces appointment of its first CEO, Ms. Anna Zevelyov. Ms. Zevelyov, a veteran of the 3D market, is a co-founder of the company and until now was serving as Sales Director.
In a statement, Zevelyov wrote: "…the company was, until now, ruled by committee. Although periodically, this "collective-wisdom" approach was beneficial, over time we realized that a strict hierarchy and one person at the helm is needed. The Board of Directors took 6 months to consider whether to nominate a CEO and if yes, who that might be. After much debate about how this could change the culture of the company, the decision was made this month. I was elected unanimously, which, naturally, boosts confidence, as I take on this new challenge."
She continued: "As for Sales/Marketing, in my stead, I am excited that my long-time lieutenant, Mr. Vadim Fomichev, has agreed to take on the Direct of Sales post. Vadim has done a great job in managing our ever-growing global distribution network. He will now also be responsible for corralling Technical Support, Sales and Marketing departments".
With Ms. Zevelyov in command, the company plans to focus on R&D and to release at least one new scanner per year.
Anna Zevelyov, Thor3D CEO
Vadim Fomichev, Thor3D Sales Director
ABOUT THOR3D
Founded in 2015, Thor3D, a Moscow-based 3D scanner manufacturer, is best known for releasing the first ever wireless handheld 3D scanner. The company also made headlines in 2016 by releasing Drake, the first hand-held 3D scanner with interchangeable lenses.


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2010 Gov Race
McMillan Calls It Quits
Dec 9th - 11:25 am
Posted by Nick Reisman in 2010 Gov Race
Jimmy McMillan, the erstwhile gubernatorial and presidential candidate, is "walking away" from the Rent Is Too Damn High movement, he said in a statement released on Tuesday evening.
At the same time, McMillan said he is selling the trademark for his political party, movement and catchphrase.
McMillan came to national attention as a political novelty for his performance in a 2010 gubernatorial debate, which was subsequently lampooned on Saturday Night Live.
"I am walking away because I have know (sic) other choice the people have ignored my warning and my cry for help that the rent crisis was getting worse," McMillan said in the statement. "The kind of help they cannot get from not one elected official, not the Governor neither Mayor can give them."
The gloves-wearing, bespectacled and side-burns sporting McMillan did not run for governor in 2014, but did launch a short-lived campaign for president in 2012.
Press Release Quit by Nick Reisman
Paladino: 'I'm Not Trying To Be Relevant'
Feb 28th - 10:21 pm
When Buffalo businessman Carl Paladino announced he was running for the Buffalo Public School Board, more than a few political observers found the idea laughable. A year after easily winning a seat on the board, few are still laughing.
"One of the criticisms of Carl Paladino when he was running for governor was that he didn't have a good understanding of the ins and outs of government and parliamentary procedure. I think a lot of people have watched what he's done on the school board and have been impressed," said Democratic Strategist Jack O'Donnell.
Paladino was adamant he never intended to use the Buffalo Public School Board as a way to remain visible in the public eye, but admits it may have been an unintended consequence.
"The press is always looking for a motive. I don't need to stay relevant. I'm not here to learn about educational techniques. I'm not looking to hold a higher office. I don't need that. I'm 67-years-old I just want to help this community," Paladino said.
Others who've tried to their hand at Western New York politics are hoping to follow in Paladino's footsteps. Former Buffalo Mayoral Candidates Bernie Tolbert and Sergio Rodriguez are seeking a seat on the school board in May.
Paladino believes they plan to use the board as a stepping stone to something else.
"It's probably true. I don't think either one of them will be relevant in the future," said Paladino.
Whether or not Paladino is still relevant depends on who you ask, of course. But there are few people who have been written off as many times and still continue to make headlines.
"I don't think there's any doubt his voice is still relevant," O'Donnell said.
Besides all things Buffalo School Board-related, Paladino is using whatever influence he has to rally support behind a potential Donald Trump gubernatorial bid.
"He's the number one brand in America and I think he could defeat Andrew Cuomo," Paladino said.
Even before the effort to "Draft Trump" was launched, Paladino threatened to challenge any GOP candidate on the Conservative line if they didn't call for the removal of the State Senate's top Republican, Dean Skelos, and Assembly Minority Leader Brian Kolb.
"Republicans and Conservatives statewide are still talking to or talking about Carl Paladino. There are a lot people who underestimate or don't listen to him at their own peril," said O'Donnell.
Paladino's continued popularity in certain circles has allowed him to put pressure on State Republican Party Chairman Ed Cox and Westchester County Executive Rob Astorino to get out of Trump's way.
"Astorino is a good man and he'd a make a good governor, but getting there is the problem. Winning is the problem. Having the name recognition, and having the money it's just not there," Paladino said.
For Paladino it's more about dragging the Republican Party and ultimately the state to the political right than it is about being governor. Four years after his upset win in the GOP Primary, Paladino believes he still has unfinished business.
"We haven't seen the change I envisioned. All we've seen is the same old nonsense from Cuomo. If you ask in this state if their lives are better than they were four years ago I think they'll tell you no," Paladino said.
While Governor Cuomo's polling numbers remain strong, Paladino says Cuomo is vulnerable on issues like the NY SAFE Act, and hydrofracking.
"He's deprived the entire Upstate population, the Southern Tier population, of an economic opportunity for no good reason Thirty-seven states drill, 36 frack. There's no reason that we shouldn't frack. Inciting the people into worrying about their water table getting infected, it's all nonsense," Paladino added.
Paladino has never been afraid to speak his mind or "ruffle people's feathers." It's a quality that his supporters love, and his detractors hate.
"It works both ways. There are those who argue Carl has turned the school board into a circus. It's all in the eye of the beholder," O'Donnell said.
And, if you're one of those who is tired of seeing Paladino on TV, or seeing his name in print, he says don't blame him.
"I never wanted to be relevant. I never call the press. The press calls me," Paladino added.
Dueling Robos From Cuomo, Paladino In 145th AD
Mar 19th - 3:20 pm
Posted by Liz Benjamin in 2010 Gov Race
The 145th AD special election has turned into a redux of sorts of the 2010 gubernatorial campaign, pitting a Democrat backed by Gov. Andrew Cuomo against a fellow Democrat (running on the GOP line) supported by Cuomo's defeated foe, Buffalo businessman Carl Paladino.
Paladino, who sat down with me at the GOP convention Friday for his first extended TV interview since his loss to Cuomo, is determined to keep his hand in NYS politics. While he's not running himself, Paladino remainds mad as hell and hell bent on teaching his perceived enemies in Albany a lesson – including the four GOP senators who voted "yes" on same-sex marriage and Senate Majority Leader Dean Skelos.
Earlier today, I posted a robocall Cuomo recorded on behalf of Chris Fahey, an aide to Rep. Brian Higgins who is running for former Assemblyman Marc Schroeder's seat in a special election tomorrow. A WNY source just sent me a dueling call Paladino recorded for his favorite in the race, Common Council Member Michael "Mickey" Kearns.
Here's the script of the Paladino call, which was sent to 145 prime Republican and Conservative voters today:
"Hi, it's Carl Paladino. If you're fed up with the status quo, it's important for you to vote for Mickey Kearns for the 145th Assembly District on Tuesday."
"On Sheldon Silver's watch, our state has fallen into tragic decline. With intimidation, illusion and theater, Silver has made a mockery of the Assembly, pandered to public employee unions and expanded entitlement programs, inviting every Tom, Dick and Harry to climb on the backs of our taxpayers, costing us jobs and higher taxes."
"Silver is afraid that Mickey Kearns will disrupt the status quo in his caucus. And he's doing everything he can to stop Mickey. Silver already bought Chris Fahey as his puppet with a $150,000 campaign contribution. Help us send Silver a clear message that his reign and Albany corruption will end."
"Help us take back our state. Vote for Mickey Kearns."
Cuomo And More Power For AG, A Gray Area
Nov 22nd - 9:27 am
CapCon's Jimmy Vielkind has a fascinating article in today's TU about a dispute between AG Eric Schneiderman and Gov. Andrew Cuomo over expanding the AG's power to probe public corruption.
It pretty much boils down to this: Schneiderman, through intermediaries, reportedly tried to get Cuomo to use his executive power to issue a so-called "blanket referral" that would give the AG subpoena power in corruption cases.
That's something Schneiderman does not currently have on his own, though he has teamed up with state Comptroller Tom DiNapoli (another Democrat with a tricky, and sometimes contentious, relationship with Cuomo) and can piggyback on his power in certain instances.
The Cuomo camp, which denies anyone connected to Schneiderman ever made such an ask, argues that even if the governor wanted to expand the power of the office he used to hold, he couldn't do so because acting unilaterally through executive order would be illegal.
Cuomo's former top aide, Steve Cohen, (to whom, incidentally, the Schneiderman appeal was reportedly made through the AG's top aide, Neal Kwatra), argued the following in a Nov. 26, 2010 response to a NY Times OpEd calling for the governor to empower Schneiderman:
"(C)alling for Governor-elect Andrew M. Cuomo to immediately and unilaterally empower the attorney general to investigate the Legislature is, I believe, wrong on the law and misguided in approach."
"…In truth, what New York needs is wholesale reform of its ethics laws, not a jerry-rigged solution. This state is more likely to get real reform if the governor-elect can build consensus with the Legislature, rather than attacking it on Day 1 with an illegal proposal. We should all know by now that steamrollers don't work in Albany."
"Also, the governor does not have the legal authority to broadly delegate prosecution of corruption in the Legislature to the attorney general. The governor does, however, have legal options if the Legislature fails to act by passing real reform. For example, under the Moreland Act the governor could appoint a commission to investigate corruption."
(That "steamroller" reference is, of course, a swipe at former Gov. Eliot Spitzer).
With Friends Like These… (Updated)
Oct 27th - 3:03 pm
In a rather clever two-birds-with-one-stone move, the conservative Club for Growth just issued a statement that tweaks both Gov. Andrew Cuomo AND President Obama, urging the president to "take a page out of the tax playbook" of his fellow Democratic leader and end his call for increasing taxes on the rich.
"When even Democrats like Andrew Cuomo oppose raising taxes on millionaires, you know your class warfare rhetoric has failed to resonate," said Club President Chris Chocola.
"Higher taxes like the ones proposed by President Obama will hurt the economy, not help it. We need to move towards a flatter, more pro-growth tax code and we need to encourage investment by cutting taxes on capital gains and dividends. I applaud Andrew Cuomo for recognizing that higher taxes are not the answer."
Now, to be fair, Cuomo has opposed extending the so-called millionaire's tax, which is set to expire at the end of December, or even support a "true" millionaire's tax with a $1 million threshold, arguing that to do so would make New York less competitive with neighboring states.
He has refused to budge on this, despite widespread public support – even among Republicans – for taxing the state's wealthiest residents at a higher rate. And he has even compared his unwillingness to do the politically popular thing to his father's staunch opposition to reinstating the death penalty, which contributed to his loss to then-GOP Sen. George Pataki in 1994.
However, after initially waffling on Obama's proposal to tax the rich, Cuomo endorsed the millionaire's tax (AKA "the Buffett Rule") at the federal level and urged Congress to pass it.
UPDATE: Club for Growth spokesman Barney Keller (who, incidentally, was the spokesman for former Rep. Rick Lazio's unsuccessful campaign against Cuomo last fall), sent the following statement:
"What, exactly, would stop the rich or businesses to flee to different countries if a similar tax is passed on the federal level? Andrew Cuomo's a smart guy, and he must know that if the wealthy can find their way to Connecticut, then they can find their way to Switzerland as well. A reasonable observer must conclude that Andrew Cuomo either smartly opposes raising taxes on the wealthy or he doesn't – maybe he needs to clarify his stance."
The Club for Growth also took the opportunity to revisit a bit of semi-ancient (in the digital age, anyway) history, calling Cuomo a "strong ally" of Obama, and offering as proof reports in 2009 that the White House had tried to clear the 2010 field for the then-AG by getting then-Gov. David Paterson to drop his plan to seek re-election.
That message was delivered to Paterson by former White House political director Patrick Gaspard, who is now at the DNC. Gaspard, a former 1199 political director, still has close ties to Cuomo and the governor reportedly would like to see him back in New York after the 2012 election.
As you'll recall, Paterson refused to heed the Obama administration's call for him to step aside for Cuomo, but ended up dropping out of the race less than a week after formally announcing he would run in hopes of keeping the job he inheritied from former Gov. Eliot Spitzer.
Edwards Mounts Anti-Albany Revolution
Oct 3rd - 12:43 pm
Chautauqua County Executive Greg Edwards, the man best known for running (through an odd twist of fate/NYS Election Law) as Carl Paladino's No. 2 in 2010, is now trying to change Albany from the outside, urging his local Legislature to reject the "sham" 2 percent property tax cap champhioned by Gov. Andrew Cuomo.
"The 2% property tax cap is nothing more than a campaign slogan meant to get them re-elected and give local leaders the pain for their failure to act," Edwards wrote in his weekly "Monday Morning Memo" (#196). "Enough is enough."
Edwards, who last week unveiled a 2012 budget proposal that called for a 12 percent property tax increase, said he wants the Legislature to debate refusing to fund state mandated programs like welfare and Medicaid beyond the 2 percent cap.
"When the money runs out, we stop delivering the programs and Albany can receive the telephone calls looking for services," Edwards wrote.
The Republican country executive also suggested the Legislature support him in refusing to send "one more penny" of the approximately $600,000 a week Chautauqua must send to Albany as of Jan. 1, 2012 unless the state "immediately" take over the counties' share of Medicaid costs, pass a law preventing the approval of future unfunded mandates and authorize counties to set their own sales tax rates.
If Edwards makes good on his threat, he won't be the first county executive to withhold Medicaid funds from the state. Oneida County Executive Tony Picente has intermittently refused to pay his weekly Medicaid bill to Albany in retaliation for the state's habit of delaying reimbursement.
The Jimmy McMillan Story
Jul 5th - 3:00 pm
…We all know how this one ends – at least from the 2010 gubernatorial race standpoint, although the Rent is Too Damn High! founder/spokesman says he's running for president as a Republican in 2012.
Casey Seiler has more here about the feature-length documentary titled "DAMN!" The film's director told the NYO's David Freedlander:
"It's about what happens to someone who sees success overnight in the viral age, especially when the media latches on so quickly."
Jimmy McMillan Prepares For Presidential Run
Dec 27th - 5:13 pm
Posted by Elizabeth Alesse in 2010 Gov Race
Surely you didn't think you'd heard the last of the Rent Is Too Damn High party candidate, Jimmy McMillan.
Now, the fast-talking, mustachioed New Yorker is preparing to take on Barack Obama in the 2012 presidential election.
He made the announcement last week and explained his decision in a Christmas Eve interview with Curtis Sliwa on AM 970 The Apple.
You can listen to a portion of the interview here: McMillan Explains Presidential Run – AM 970
Here are a few other gems from the interview…
On why he's unofficially announcing his run for president:
"What I want to do is let the people know that I'm not playing. The President Barack Obama has made a sandwich, but he forgot to put the meat between the bread. And that's what I'm here to do."
On how he ran an "effective" campaign on just more than $16:
"I master-minded social media, marketing, advertising, the publicity and didn't spend a dime to do it. No one in America has asked me. I've been invited to come to London, Australia, China, Egypt and places like that. But not one American college has invited me to talk to find out, what is it that you did? How did you do it?"
On his beard:
"I don't know what made me do this, Curtis. I wanted to be different… I said I don't want to look like nobody, but me. I want my own identity. So I let my beard grow… and then I began to shape it up."
Big Spender Cuomo
Nov 30th - 10:43 am
An analysis of Andrew Cuomo's 27-day post-general election filing by NYPIRG's Bill Mahoney found that while the Democratic governor-elect spent less overall on his successful campaign than previous gubernatorial contenders, he spent more in the final days of his bid than all but self-funding candidate Tom Golisano.
Cuomo's filing is now on-line. It shows he has jsut under $5 million on hand ($4.98 million, to be exact).
That's slightly more than the $4 million he said his report would show. The governor elect has pledged to use that cash – and whatever else he can raise – to do battle with the state worker unions next year.
Nypirg 27 Day Post Gen
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Amber Waves of Pain
Rural Iowa is slowly dying, and Danny Wilcox Frazier is documenting its demise.
By Andrew Shafer
Amber-Waves-of-Pain
They're all holding dead rabbits. Steam escapes their nostrils like angry cartoon bulls as they stand on the black, frozen ground, spotted with a few patches of snow. They're alone in a field, accessible only by one of rural Iowa's so-innumerable-they're-all-isolated back roads. And they're holding rabbits. Dead rabbits -- skinned except for the fur on their faces and feet.
But this is normal in Iowa. It's everyday life in the rural Midwest for hunters to skin rabbits together in a field, for people to drive tractors through town, for kids to attend farm-safety camp or for a child to go deer hunting with his eight siblings. The only thing unusual about this rabbit scene is that someone is photographing it.
That someone is Danny Wilcox Frazier. Frazier's powerful black-and-white photos have documented rural Iowa -- and its demise -- in stark detail. "Ultimately, many rural communities across the Midwest will die," he writes in the prologue to his first book, Driftless: Photographs from Iowa, to be published this fall. "In some ways the pictures I have made simply document the process."
When Frazier, who now teaches photojournalism at the University of Iowa, started this project a few years ago -- at the time nothing more than an idea and a class assignment -- his subject was A.J., a student at Clear Creek-Amana High School in Tiffin, Iowa. After graduation, A.J. wanted to become a farmer -- but he was the only person in his class who wanted to take up the profession most closely associated with his state. In Iowa, taking over the family farm is akin to legacy firefighters and police officers: it's almost more surprising when children don't follow in their parents' footsteps than when they do.
But A.J.'s experience is just one in the widespread trend that Frazier calls the "brain drain": native Iowans fleeing the state at their first opportunity -- either after high school or college -- to pursue opportunities in urban areas that they couldn't find in the Midwest. This mass exodus, combined with the rapidly increasing population of people over 65 (the population over 65 will increase by 142,000 to more than 578,000 by 2010 -- a significant amount for a state of only 3 million people), has left a gaping hole in the state's workforce and tax base -- which is, in turn, leaving a gaping hole in its soul.
"The feeling of openness that so defines the Midwest's rural landscape is being replaced by one of emptiness," Frazier says. "As the economies of rural communities across America continue to fail, abandonment is becoming commonplace; these photographs document the human effect of this economic shift. What I hope they do is force people to think about the decline of these rural places and start thinking of solutions. And I think the biggest solution is immigration."
While documenting life in rural Iowa, Frazier has frequently found immigrants as his subjects: in the meatpacking plants in Columbus Junction and in the schools in West Liberty, in Kalona and in Conesville, in Washington and in Postville. To Frazier, the anti-immigration debate in the U.S. is nothing more than political kowtowing. The argument that immigrants take American jobs is a complete farce, he says, and people are missing the real issue: immigration is probably the only thing that can save small-town America. "People always say that something has to be done because they're taking our jobs," he says. "But that's completely misguided; we're keeping people out who just want to come here and make a living -- often doing jobs we don't want anyway. And they're filling the void left by the old people who are retiring and the young people who are fleeing. Without immigration, small, rural towns will inevitably die out."
As a native Iowan -- he grew up in Le Claire, a tiny town on the Mississippi River -- Frazier's passion for, and personal stake in, his photos and his subjects is crystal clear. This passion was recognized when he was awarded the 2006 Center for Documentary Studies/Honickman First Book Prize in Photography, the prize for which is $3,000 and the publishing of his first book, Driftless. Frazier was chosen from a pool of 400 entries by the judge, legendary photographer Robert Frank, for his, as Frank put it, "passionate photographs without sentimentality... his work reaches out: Let me tell your story; it is important."
Having Frank as the judge was especially important because, Frazier says, Frank was the biggest reason he got into photography in the first place. "In my first photo class in college, they showed all of [Frank's photo essay] The Americans -- on big, blown-up slides, they showed us the entire book," he says. "And I was blown away by it. Not necessarily because I understood it, but because I had lived it -- it was my world. I really connected to it because it was photos of the world I lived in. And I was completely hooked."


Lesson 1: Only God has the ability to determine right and wrong; people must submit to him.
Lesson 2: When God responds to our requests for help he does so in his love and kindness, and when God responds to our need for help, even when we don't ask for it, he does so in love and grace.
Lesson 3: God brings hope and promise out of hopelessness.
Lesson 4: Faith is best expressed with obedient action.
Abstention from wine or strong drink or any product of the vine—a commitment to turn away from life's normal pleasures.
Abstention from cutting one's hair—revealing a person's complete surrender to God.
Abstention from any contact with something dead—a symbol of a person's extreme separation from anything of death in order to serve the living God.
3) dedicate himself to purity.
Abstaining from passions of the flesh, which wage war against our soul (1 Peter 2:11).
Presenting our body as a living sacrifice, holy and acceptable to God, which is our spiritual worship (Romans 12:1).
Fleeing youthful passions and pursuing righteousness along with those who call on the Lord from a pure heart (2 Timothy 2:22).
Lesson 5: From eternity past, God made significant plans for every season of our life that requires our abstention, submission and dedication for their fulfillment.
Then Manoah prayed to the Lord and said, "O Lord, please let the man of God whom you sent come again to us and teach us what we are to do with the child who will be born." (Judges 13:8 ESV) Manoah also asked, "What is to be the child's manner of life, and what is his mission?" "Of all that I said to the woman let her be careful" (Judges 13:12, 13 ESV).
Lesson 6: Ask the Lord for understanding and guidance, but pay careful attention to the instructions already given. The Bible has much to say about marriage and family. We are to read, know and practice those truths and instructions already given.
The preincarnate Christ said to Manoah that his name was "too much" for him to take in. There were limits to the Lord's revelation, and Manoah had reached the limit.
Lesson 7: God reveals himself to us, but we will never know God exhaustively.
Manoah thought that he needed rules and regulations for raising the child, but what he really needed was to know God. He didn't need external regulations; he needed an internal transformation by God through his Spirit.
Lesson 8: God is fearfully awesome, and yet he is mighty to save and transform. Our life and our influence of others will fall desperately short if we seek only rules and regulations and fail to allow the Holy Spirit to make God known, transforming us from the inside out.