text:
What Stars Are Made Of: The Life of Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin
Donovan Moore
Author, journalist, television reporter/producer
Lanny Jones, Introducer, and Donovan Moore
President Stephen Schreiber called the meeting to order at 10:15 AM. Anne Florey read the minutes from the previous week. The following guests were in attendance: Carol Goodheart, guest of Graydon Vanderbilt; Judy Funches, guest of Christine Danser; Maryann Belanger, guest of Marge D'Amico; Earlene Baumunk Cancilla, guest of Marge D'Amico; Sarah Jones, guest of Lanny Jones; Madelaine Shellaby, guest of Marsha Levin-Rojer. There were 124 viewers in attendance.
Henry Von Kohorn, Chair of the Nominating Committee, read the slate for the Executive Committee and Committee Chairs for 2021-2022.
Lanny Jones introduced the speaker, Donovan Moore, journalist, radio host, financier, and screen writer. Moore came to his subject at a serendipitous lunch with Lanny who showed him a photograph from a course he had audited. The photo had three subjects – Aristotle, Newton and a portrait of a woman. The woman was Cecelia Payne-Gaposchkin, who became one of the most important female scientists of the 20th century. Her discovery – that the main element of stars is hydrogen – changed our understanding of the universe. Unbelievably, no one had written a book about her.
Cecelia was born in Wendover, England in 1900. As a student at St. Paul's School for Girls in London, her curiosity, intellect, and love for science were nurtured. "I shall never be lonely again," she wrote in her autobiography. "Now I can think about science."
Cecelia was accepted at Cambridge University on a full scholarship in 1919. She majored in botany but switched to physics, after hearing a lecture by Arthur Eddington, Director of the Cambridge Observatory, on his recent observations of a solar eclipse. "For three nights, I think, I did not sleep. My world had been so shaken that I experienced something like a nervous breakdown." In addition to physics, she took all the astronomy courses that she could, studying at the renowned Cavendish Laboratory.
The head of the Cavendish was Sir Ernest Rutherford, who had won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry a few years earlier. Cecelia was required to sit in the front row. Rutherford began each lecture with the salutation "Ladies and Gentlemen" and all the boys regularly greeted this witticism with thunderous applause, stamping their feet in the traditional manner. At every lecture she wished she could sink into the earth. She was told that she could never be anything but an amateur. Nevertheless, she persisted.
At the end of her Cambridge years, Cecelia heard a lecture by the American astronomer Harlow Shapley. With no prospects for a career in England, she wrote to Shapley, seeking a place at the Harvard Observatory. He responded with a one-year fellowship and a $500-dollar stipend.
Physics, as a scientific field, was coming into its own and merging with other fields for dramatic discoveries. Could Cecelia fuse physics with astronomy to better understand the universe? At the Harvard Observatory, Cecelia joined several other women. Their job was to observe and catalogue every star in the known universe on glass plates. Known as "computers," this quirky crew became Cecelia's family. Cecelia wanted to become more than a mere cataloguer. She wanted to analyze the data. Those stellar spectra on glass plates were "like a million jigsaw pieces waiting for someone to put them back together."
She described the glass plates as "tiny parallel smears" but saw a pattern. She observed a relationship between ionization levels and temperature and noted that stars were mostly composed of hydrogen. This was scientific heresy at the time. The scientific establishment thought that stars were composed of the same elements as earth and in roughly the same proportions. Henry Norris Russell, the Director of the Princeton Observatory and the dean of American astronomers, read her thesis and warned her that her conclusions were impossible. In order to get her thesis accepted, she needed to hedge her conclusions. She described her findings as "almost certainly not real" but her words were "crafty" according to one historian of science. She put a marker down that she was the first to make this observation, right or wrong. Nevertheless, in later life Cecelia regretted that she could not have been more forthright in her conclusions.
Four years after her thesis was published, Norris Russell conceded that stars were largely made of hydrogen but buried the conclusion at the back of a scientific paper. Russell got the credit for the discovery, nonetheless.
At a conference, she met Sergei Gaposchkin, a fellow astronomer, who was an admirer of her work. They were married in 1934 and had three children. She continued to teach at Harvard but remained relatively anonymous. Abbott Lawrence Lowell, the President of Harvard, told Shapley that because she was a woman, "Miss Payne should never have a position at Harvard as long as he was alive." In 1954, Donald Menzel replaced Shapley as the Director of the Harvard Observatory. He doubled Cecelia's salary and, with Lowell gone, she was named a full professor. A lifelong smoker, she died of lung cancer in December 1979.
Moore described his book as "Downtown Abbey meets Hidden Figures," and told the Old Guard that a production company has optioned the film rights. Who knows…we might even get to see the movie!
Jane Silverman


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}

The Internet today has been transformed from a network providing connectivity, to a massive repository of human (and machine) knowledge, with
information relevant to nearly every aspect of human life stored in some corner. Search engines allow keyword-based search of this knowledge, and while
natural language queries are increasingly useful, searching for complex information requires human thinking (augmented with the capabilities of
search engines) to obtain useful search results. While there are canonical `big problems' in different fields that require specialized experts,
a large part of human life deals with a vast number of  small problems, each affecting a different individual in its own unique manner.
These problems require the individual to search the Internet for ideas relevant to solving that problem, an activity that may receive mixed results,
depending on the expertise of that individual.
But given pervasive online connectivity, there are potentially a large number of `experts' available online that an individual can consult, who can
contribute their knowledge to problems related to their expertise \cite{wsj}.

Given the growing importance of such online requests for information, this paper envisions a large number of requests for information being made, but also a large number of potential experts
 available to answer those requests. Since the requests must be responded to in a timely manner, we propose a dynamic framework,
where requests arrive stochastically, are handled by expert(s) who search for relevant information, and depart when the expert provides
a response. Preliminary results on scheduling requests, and on the resulting capacity of the system are presented.

\section{Theoretical Framework}
\label{sec:framework}

The problem setting in the paper assumes that requests for information come into a social network stochastically. Each request
is handled by an expert (or experts), which searches for information to answer that request, and succeeds in providing
information answering that request after a random amount of time, based on the complexity of the search.
This requires describing a quantitative model for information search
and also describing a model for scheduling these requests, so that experts can answer them.

\begin{enumerate}[leftmargin=*]
\item{\bf Model of Information Search}

Time is assumed to be discretized finely, so that it is measured as $t=1,2,3,\ldots$ time slots.
Let $\Mspace$ be a large set of information facts.
A {\em topic} $x \subset \Mspace$ is a large subset of facts - examples being `Windows 10 debugging' or `Seventeenth century poetry'. The set of topics $\xspace$ is assumed to be large but finite to avoid technical clutter.
An {\em expert} is a {\em research time} function $T:\xspace \rightarrow
\moreone$, where
$T(x)\geq 1$ is the mean time that expert takes to answer a request concerning topic $x$; this average time is assumed to be known to the expert. This time is required because the expert will
typically need to search for information relevant to the specific request before being able to answer it. We assume that the time to answer a specific request is a geometrically distributed random variable
(with mean value $T(x)$). A typical request may be `Why does my Windows 10 laptop become hot and shut down?',
which concerns the topic `Windows 10 debugging'.  For conciseness, we will simply
call a request concerning topic $x$ as {\em request $x$}.

\item{\bf Model of Dynamic Scheduling}

It is assumed that there is a social network of $n$ experts, represented
 as a graph $G=(V,E)$, where the vertices $V$ represent experts and the edges $E$ represented coordination opportunity between pairs of experts. By {\em coordination}, we mean that
a scheduler (described below) can assign a request in expert $i$'s queue to expert $j$, as long as $(i,j) \in E$ in the graph.
For example, if experts exclusively use a Knowledge market (or an Internet Q\&A Forum) like {\tt Quora}  \cite{quora}, they can all coordinate with each other, and so $G$ is a complete graph.
On the other hand, if a social network like {\tt Twitter} or  {\tt Facebook} is used, the graph may have a complex structure,
precluding arbitrary coordination. This paper only considers a complete graph linking the experts.

We adopt a dynamic stochastic model of information searching. In each time slot $t$, at each expert $i \in V$, each request $x \in \xspace$ may newly arrive with probability $\lambda p_i(x)$, and so,  we need a multi-class queuing model. Denote as $a_{x,i}(t) =0,1$ the non-arrival or arrival of request $x$ at expert $i$, respectively. Its arrival is
independent of arrival of requests in other topics, arrivals at other experts, and arrivals in other time slots. Here, $0 < \lambda <1$ and $p_i(x)>0$ is a probability mass function (p.m.f.) over topics $x$ (so, $\sum_{x \in \xspace} p_i(x)=1$).
$\lambda$ can be interpreted as the {\em request load} on the network, while $p_i(x)$ causes requests for certain  topics to appear more frequently.  Due to independence, we allow multiple different topics $x$ to arrive at any expert, and also multiple experts to see requests from
the same topic $x$. Each expert $i$ puts request  $x$ into its own {\em virtual queue} and increases the length
$Q_{x,i}(t)$ of that topic's queue  by one request  (all requests will actually be written in random access memory, so the virtual queue is a book-keeping artifact).
In practice, the requests may be given to the expert by users she knows in her social circle, or may be selected by the expert from a knowledge
market like {\tt Quora}.

A scheduler
then assigns different requests to different experts, subject to the social network graph, allowing the experts to {\em coordinate} in handling the requests.
Since this paper assumes a complete graph model, the scheduler can assign any request to any expert.

Expert $i$ works on
its assigned request $x$ by searching for information (equivalently, called `researching $x$'), and answers it successfully in that time slot with probability $q_i(x) \doteq \frac{1}{T_i(x)}\leq 1$.
Experts with larger  $q_i(x)$  presumably have deeper knowledge that allows them to quickly research problems, and so, a crude measure of expertise of an expert is $R_i=\sum_x q_i(x)$.
$d_{x,i}(t) =0,1$ indicates failure or success of $i$ finding the answer for $x$ during time slot $t$, respectively.
If the request is not answered
successfully, it goes back in its queue. Future scheduling of that request does not utilize the past history of handling that request.
Thus, the number of (potentially non-consecutive) time slots needed to answer a request is a geometric random variable with average time $T_i(x)$.
Clearly, the queue lengths update as $Q_{x,i}(t+1)=Q_{x,i}(t)+a_{x,i}(t)-d_{x,i}(t)$.

The maximum request load $\lambda$ that can be researched by this system, while keeping the
  request queues stable is called {\em capacity}. Queue stability can be defined either as {\em stability-in-the-mean} \cite{kumar},
i.e.,
\begin{eqnarray}
\limsup_{T \rightarrow \infty} \frac{1}{T} \sum_{t=1}^{T} \sum_x E[Q_{x,i}(t)] < \infty, \qquad \forall i, \label{eqn:stability}
\end{eqnarray}
or as positive recurrence of the queue Markov chain \cite{bremaud}.
Given the large number of topics (large $\xspace$), we may be willing to
reject requests that do not match the expertise available to research them, i.e., $e_{x,i}(t)\in\{0,1\}$, if a new arriving request
$x$ at expert $i$ is kept or rejected, respectively, at time $t$. So, we will also wish
to characterize capacity under $\varepsilon-$loss constraint. i.e., the maximum load that a system can handle while keeping queues stable, with losses bounded as below.
\begin{eqnarray}
\limsup_{T \rightarrow \infty} \frac{1}{T} \sum_{t=1}^{T} \sum_x E[e_{x,i}(t)] \leq \varepsilon, \qquad  \forall i.  \label{eqn:loss}
\end{eqnarray}

\end{enumerate}

\section{Results}
\label{sec:preliminary}

Based on the theoretical framework of information search presented in Section \ref{sec:framework},
we present preliminary results on the performance of the system.

\subsection{Single Expert}
\label{sec:single}

Consider a simple setting with only a single expert `1', as shown in Figure \ref{fig:schedulingproblems}(a).
At discrete time $t$, requests arrive and are placed in their respective queues. A scheduler assigns a request $x$ from one of the queues
to the expert,
who searches for information to answer it and succeeds in answering it with probability $q(x)$, which depends on the expert's average search time
$T(x)$ for that request.

\begin{lemma}
\label{thm:single}
The capacity is  $\lambda^* = \left(\sum_x \frac{p(x)}{q(x)}\right)^{-1}$. Further, any $\lambda < \lambda^*$
can be achieved using any work conserving  scheduler (such as one that assigns an arbitrary request in the queue to the expert.)
\end{lemma}

Evidently, capacity is high if the expertise of the expert  matches closely with the population of requests coming in,
so that none of the ratios $\frac{p(x)}{q(x)}$ is too large.
In light of this elementary result, we can call $\lambda_j(p) \doteq \left(\sum_x \frac{p(x)}{q_j(x)}\right)^{-1}$ as the capacity
of the expert $j$ with respect to p.m.f. $p(x)$.

We can also characterize the capacity under loss constraint (\ref{eqn:loss}).
\begin{lemma}
\label{thm:singleloss}
If we are willing to accept average loss rate $\varepsilon$, the
capacity is no less than the $\lambda^*$ specified by the Linear program below.
\begin{eqnarray}
\lambda^* & = & \max_{\mu(x)} \left( \sum_x \mu(x) \frac{p(x)}{q(x)}\right)^{-1} \qquad \mbox{where}  \label{eqn:caploss} \\
&& \sum_x \mu(x)p(x) \frac{q(x)+\varepsilon}{q(x)} = 1, \label{eqn:caplossequality} \\
&&  0 \leq \mu(x) \leq 1, \forall x.
\end{eqnarray}
Any $\lambda < \lambda^*$ can be achieved by an offline scheduler; one that first solves this optimization problem assuming known $p(x),q(x)$.
\end{lemma}

The offline scheduler first calculates the probabilities $\mu(x)$  by solving the optimization problem (\ref{eqn:caploss}) before
considering requests. After that, when request $a_x(t)$ comes in, the scheduler drops it (so $e_{x}(t)=1$) independently with probability $1-\mu(x)$. Otherwise, it gets inserted into its topic queue.

For $\varepsilon=0$, the solution to (\ref{eqn:caploss}) is the same as Lemma \ref{thm:single}, because the equality (\ref{eqn:caplossequality}) reduces to $\sum_x \mu(x)p(x) =1$, and so,
 can only be satisfied by $\mu(x) \equiv 1$ (since $p(x)>0$ is a p.m.f.)
Lemma \ref{thm:singleloss} is especially useful when there is a gross mismatch between the requests and the expert. For example, if the expert has $q(x)=0$ iff $x \in \xspace_0$,
the lossless capacity is $\lambda^*=0$. But if we allow loss, we can set $\mu(x)=0, \forall x \in \xspace_0$ and $\mu(x)=1$ otherwise, to achieve a load $\lambda = \left( \sum_{x \notin \xspace_0} \frac{p(x)}{q(x)}\right)^{-1} > 0$,
while accepting a loss of $\varepsilon = \lambda \sum_{x \in \xspace_0} p(x)$.

Suppose that the expert has an erroneous estimate $\hat{T}(x)$ of her average searching time $T(x)$. For example, the expert may have an intuitive approximation of these times based on her past
experience answering questions about these topics.
Since the scheduler uses $\hat{T}(x)$ to schedule while the true search time is $T(x)$, the capacity $\lambda^*$ calculated in Lemma \ref{thm:single} may be an over-estimation, resulting in queue instability. However, an achievable load can
be guaranteed if we assume that the estimation error has a known bound, i.e., if we assume $\hat{T}(x) \geq \gamma T(x), \forall x$, for some constant $\gamma\leq 1$.

\begin{corollary}
\label{thm:singleerror}
Let $\lambda^*$ be the capacity in Lemma \ref{thm:single} calculated using the erroneous search times $\hat{T}(x)$ that have bounded errors. Then, any work conserving scheduler using $\hat{T}(x)$ can achieve any load less than  $\lambda < \gamma \lambda^*$ with stable queues.
\end{corollary}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\begin{subfigure}{.45\textwidth}
  \centering
\includegraphics[height=1.5in]{singlescheduling.eps}
\subcaption{Single expert}
\label{fig:singlescheduling}
\end{subfigure
\begin{subfigure}{.45\textwidth}
  \centering
\includegraphics[height=1.5in]{multiplescheduling.eps}
\subcaption{Multiple coordinating experts in complete graph}
\label{fig:multiplescheduling}
\end{subfigure
\caption{Expert scheduling scenarios.}
\label{fig:schedulingproblems}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Multiple Coordinating Experts}
\label{sec:multiple}

Now consider $n$ experts on a social network with a complete graph (so that they can all see requests in each others' queues). Since the theoretical framework allows the scheduler to schedule requests from a neighbor's queue,
in the complete graph case, we can equivalently assume that the queues of all the experts are merged together for each topic $x$; i.e., $Q_x(t)= \sum_i Q_{x,i}(t)$. Define $p(x)=\sum_i p_i(x)$
as the merged p.m.f.
See Figure \ref{fig:multiplescheduling}. This models
experts that each monitor a single knowledge market like {\tt Quora}.
In this case, we have the following result.

\begin{lemma}
\label{thm:multiple}
The capacity with multiple coordinating experts is at least
\begin{eqnarray}
\lambda^* & = & \left(\max_{(\alpha_i)} \sum_x \min_i \left(\alpha_i \frac{p(x)}{q_i(x)}\right) \right)^{-1} \qquad \mbox{where} \label{eqn:multiplecoordinating} \\
&&  \sum_i \alpha_i=1, \quad \alpha_i \geq 0 \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
Further, any $\lambda < \lambda^*$
can be achieved using an offline scheduler.
\end{lemma}

  The offline scheduler is assumed to know $p(x),q_i(x)$. It maintains separate topic queues $Q_{x,i}(t)$ for each expert $i$.
Before considering requests, it first calculates the solution to the convex dual problem \cite{boyd} of the maximization problem over $\alpha_i$ stated in (\ref{eqn:multiplecoordinating}).
(For brevity, we will simply call this maximization problem as the problem (\ref{eqn:multiplecoordinating}).) The dual problem is
the Linear program below (see Lemma \ref{thm:dualmultiple}).
\begin{eqnarray}
\min_{\mu,  \ s_{i,x}}  && \hspace{-2ex} \mu  \quad \mbox{s.t.} \label{eqn:dualmultiple} \\
&& \sum_x \frac{p(x)}{q_i(x)}s_{i,x} \leq \mu, \ \forall i \label{eqn:dualmultiplefirst} \\
&&  \sum_i s_{i,x}=1, \ \forall x, \quad s_{i,x} \geq 0, \ \forall i,x \label{eqn:dualmultiplesecond}
\end{eqnarray}
Using these pre-computed $s_{i,x}$ (which we note is a p.m.f. over $i$ for each $x$), for each arriving request $x$, the scheduler selects an expert $i$ randomly and independently  according to the p.m.f.   $s_{i,x}$,
and then inserts that request into the topic queue $Q_{x,i}$ of expert $i$. In each time slot, the scheduler also assigns a request randomly to expert $i$ from among the requests queued up at that expert's queues $Q_{x,i}$. Expert $i$ is kept idle
if and only if her own queues are all empty. Thus, the expert is work conserving with respect to her own queues.

As opposed to single expert scheduling, in this case, any one expert mismatched to the request p.m.f. $p(x)$
may not be catastrophic. In fact, the following case shows that a {\em diversity} of experts may be preferable. Suppose there
 are $n$ experts, with each expert $i$ having expertise $R_i \doteq \sum_x q_i(x)=1$. Consider
a toy case where $|\xspace|=n$ and $p(x)=\frac{1}{n}, \forall x$. If the experts are identical, i.e., $q_i(x)=q(x), \forall x$, then the capacity in
\eqref{eqn:multiplecoordinating} is maximized for $q(x)=\frac{1}{n},  \forall x$ and it is $\lambda^*=1$. Instead, suppose we
have diverse experts $q_i(x)=\indicator{x=x_i}$ (where $\indicator{A} \in \{0,1\}$ is the indicator function of statement $A$), each of which
also has expertise $R_i=1$ as in the case of identical experts. Then, the capacity
 in \eqref{eqn:multiplecoordinating} is increased to $\lambda^*=n$, showing the benefit of diversity.

\section{Conclusions}
This paper set up a theoretical framework to analyze the dynamic process by which requests for information arrive in a social network,
so that either a single expert or a collection of experts can search for the needed information. Preliminary results on queuing and scheduling
analysis in this framework were presented. Future work will look at online and distributed schedulers for the scenarios analyzed in this paper.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Reversible, 4 looks in one, hand dyed, hand painted ,vintage satin trim with vintage fur detachable collar. Oh My Goodness !!! Words just can't describe this versatile piece so I am not going to try. Just look at the flexibility of having 4 separate looks . Did I say Reversible, did I say vintage detachable fur collar, did I say vintage trim. Whoops , I said that I wouldn't say anything.


text:
"As far as the Taliban and al Qaida are concerned, they now consider the ISI as an enemy," said the official, who requested anonymity because he wasn't authorized to speak publicly.
However, the official suggested that terrorists who carried out the attack had learned the location and layout of the ISI compound because they'd been to meetings there.
"How did they (the attackers) know where the (ISI) headquarters are and where the vulnerable points were?" he asked.
Pakistani troops Wednesday continued to press their month-old offensive to reclaim the Swat Valley, about 100 miles from Islamabad, from al Qaida-allied Taliban insurgents, and the army said its forces would recapture Mingora, the main city, in a few days.
"I believe that anti-Pakistan elements, who want to destabilize our country and see defeat in Swat, have now turned to our cities," Interior Minister Rehman Malik said.
"This (attack in Lahore) is undoubtedly linked to Swat or the tribal area. It's linked to the insurgency," said Talat Masood, a retired army general.
There's been speculation, boosted by recent comments by President Asif Ali Zardari, that the army will extend the operation to the Waziristan region in the tribal area along the border with Afghanistan, the epicenter of Pakistan's Islamic insurgency and Osama bin Laden's suspected hideout.
"Pakistan will have to adjust, take a lot of preventative measures," Masood said. "They're hitting the security apparatus, the same pattern we've seen before."
Lahore, Pakistan's cultural center and the capital of the country's most populous province, Punjab, was the target of two major terrorist strikes in March.
In the first attack, gunmen opened fire on a visiting Sri Lankan cricket team and its police escort. Days later, a commando-style squad stormed a police academy in an operation claimed by Baitullah Mehsud, the Waziristan-based leader of Pakistan's main Taliban alliance.
The use of firearms in the latest assault could link it to the same or similar groups behind the March attacks.
There were several terrorist strikes last year in Lahore, including a massive vehicle bomb at the local headquarters of the Federal Intelligence Agency, a civilian intelligence agency.
Police think that the Taliban are working with militant groups in Punjab. In particular, police point to the feared Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, a Sunni Muslim organization that began with attacks on minority Shiites but has fallen under al Qaida's influence.
"Our intelligence-gathering systems have to deliver better," said Rustam Shah, an analyst who formerly was Pakistan's ambassador to Afghanistan. "We just go from one incident to another. The real culprits are not nabbed and their sponsors are never identified. Pakistan's administrative weakness allows these attacks."
U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan Anne W. Patterson said in a statement that the terrorist strikes "serve only to highlight the vicious and inhuman nature of this enemy whose true target is the democratically elected government of Pakistan and the security of all Pakistanis as well as the global community."
(Shah is a McClatchy special correspondent. Jonathan S. Landay contributed to this article.)
U.S. undertakes Iraq-scale embassy project in Pakistan
Pakistan says decisive battle against the Taliban has begun
On war zone tour, Pakistani army claims that 'collateral damage' is minimal
Are Taliban abandoning guerrilla tactics in Pakistan conflict?
Pakistani army fails to rescue civilian allies in Swat
Related stories from Merced Sun-Star
Iraq redux? Obama seeks funds for Pakistan super-embassy
Photos are fresh evidence of growing Pakistani nuclear program
Pakistani clerics back government offensive, denounce Taliban tactics

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Heritage Iron Magazine was founded in 2008 in order to fill a need for those interested in muscle tractors. It features all brands, all makes, and all models of muscle tractors from the 1960 - 1990 era including the equipment used by the tractors. Each issue highlights a featured tractor and presents a detailed account of the tractor, its attributes, its history, and its owner. Other regular features in the magazine are machinery milestones, letters to the editor, equipment and company history, classified ads, auction results, an editor's page, farm toys, literature, and memorabilia.


text:
Executive Power
Demand a Full, Thorough, and Unbiased FBI Investigation
Demand a Full, Unbiased FBI Investigation
Sign with Facebook
The FBI has just reopened its criminal investigation into "former Secretary Clinton's personal email server."
New potentially classified emails "pertinent to the investigation" have just been discovered.
The FBI must conduct a full, thorough, and unbiased investigation. Our national security was compromised. Classified information was put in jeopardy. The law was violated.
But no one was held accountable. The first investigation was compromised – a faux investigation. Evidence was destroyed.
Justice must be served. Those responsible for the corruption must be held accountable. President Obama's FBI Director James Comey, Deputy Director Andrew McCabe, and Attorney General Loretta Lynch must not oversee this investigation.
The American people deserve justice. We're once again mobilizing our Government Accountability Project. We're preparing to file a federal lawsuit against the DOJ regarding how this faux investigation was conducted.
Now, we're demanding an independent investigation – a career prosecutor, interviews conducted under oath, and immediate impaneling of a grand jury – to restore the integrity of America's system of justice. Take action with us:
Petition Demanding a Full, Not Faux, FBI Investigation of "Former Secretary Clinton's Personal Email Server"
Thank you for signing the petition!
We're leading the charge, demanding an independent investigation. We urgently need your support to fight the corruption. Chip in $5 or more.
Your voice will have a tremendous impact. Please consider supporting our work with a tax-deductible donation using the form to the right. Thank you.
Share the Petition!
Please encourage your friends to sign and donate by sharing this petition.
ACLJ Obtains Documents Showing Collusion
Last night, less than 24 hours before President Obama left office, we obtained critical documents exposing collusion between President Obama's State Department, then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's senior staff, and the Clinton Foundation on the closure of the U.S. detention facility at...
ACLJ Obtains "Sensitive" State Dept. Memo
In our ongoing lawsuit against President Obama's State Department over the Iran lie, we have received definitive evidence that the Obama Administration intentionally manipulated the public video record of a press briefing – deleting a portion in which it admitted lying to the American people about...
The Countdown to Comey Caving has Ended
We told you from Day One that President Obama's FBI Director James Comey has mishandled the investigation into the State Department email scandal. For the third time in the final four months of a presidential election, Director Comey has interjected himself into the political process. He conducted...
ACLJ Files Lawsuit Over Lynch's Secret Meeting
I told you about the Obama Justice Department's incompetence and corruption when, over four months ago, I called for Attorney General Loretta Lynch's resignation. I told you about General Lynch's decision to hold a secret meeting on her airplane with former President Bill Clinton – just days before...


text:
San Miguel Piru  är en ort i kommunen Otzoloapan i delstaten Mexiko i Mexiko. Samhället hade 276 invånare vid folkräkningen år 2020.

Referenser

Orter i Otzoloapan

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All those Jägerbombs you enjoyed at university may have came at a high price that you thought, after scientists have warned its after-effects can be similar to a different drug altogether.
According to new research carried out by Richard van Rijn, an assistant professor of medicinal chemistry at Purdue University in Indiana, mixing highly caffeinated energy drinks with highly caffeinated alcohol can have the same detrimental effect on the body as taking cocaine.
The professor tested out the theory on adolescent mice and, after monitoring their brain activity following consumption of this common combination, they saw a worrying similarity to the brain activity of somebody who has taken the Class A drug.
"It seems the two substances together push them over a limit that causes changes in their behaviour and changes the neurochemistry in their brains," explained van Rijn, adding that the drinks are much less harmful if consumed on their own.
"We are clearly seeing effects of the combined drinks that we would not see if drinking one or the other."
The research also notes that people who frequently drink alcohol combined with energy drinks can also have a higher likelihood of using cocaine at some point in the future, and it's all to do with long-term changes to the brain.
"That's one reason why it's so difficult for drug users to quit because of these lasting changes in the brain," the professor said. "Mice that had been exposed to alcohol and caffeine were somewhat numb to the rewarding effects of cocaine as adults... They may then use more cocaine to get the same effect."
And the dangers of mixing alcohol with energy drinks are clear; earlier this year British engineer Peter Nicholson died after binging on buckets of vodka red bull during a holiday in Thailand.
"There are some concerns around the process of people consuming vodka and Red Bull. It is a stimulant. It can counter the effects of alcohol and people consume more alcohol not realising how intoxicated they are. It is called 'wide-eyed drunk'. When you mix Red Bull with vodka you are risking masking the effect of alcohol on the body."
Vodka and coke it is, then.


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Q: Why can't the server find the requested page on a WordPress website? I migrated my website from one host service provider to another, and whenever I load my website, only the homepage is accessible, other pages are returning:
404 Not Found
Please forward this error screen to (domainname.io)'s WebMaster.
The server cannot find the requested page:

domainname.io/cp_errordocument.shtml (port 443)

What could be wrong?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Christ the Savior Orthodox Church
Parish News and Events
"The Royal Path"
Prayer and Spiritual Life
English Listings
Russian Listings
Modern Orthodox Saints and Holy Fathers & Mothers: Ivan Michailovich Kontzevitch
by Matthew on June 7, 2012
Ivan and Helen Kontzevitch in their icon corner in Paris, 1948
Ivan Michailovich Kontzevitch was born in 1893 in Poltava, Ukraine. He was the eldest of five children. His father, Michael Ivanovich, graduated from the Department of Natural Sciences in Warsaw University and became a tax inspector. Ivan's mother, Alexandra Ivanovna Lisenevskaya was a Carpatho-Russian and the daughter of a judge. Alexandra finished secondary school and then married at a young age. She is described as a "born teacher" and she knew how to bring up her children without punishments "unless a deliberately evil will" was revealed.[1] Ivan related that his mother was able to explain to the children the harm of smoking and none of them ever did smoke.
In the early part of his childhood he lived in Latvia until the family moved to Mirgorod which was near Ivan's birth place. At the end of his childhood the time came for further education but no suitable institution was found in the near vicinity so he was sent off to the Poltava Imperial Gymnasium. He graduated in 1914 and went on to study in the Mathematics Department at the University of Kiev.
As a young man, Ivan was far from the church and had taken up the study of yoga and developing the "hidden powers" of man. This lasted until the death of his brother, Vladimir, whom he was very close to. Vladimir was nineteen (Ivan was two years younger than he) and had enlisted in the army. While in the Carpathian Mountains his company came under enemy attack. Straws were drawn as to who would cut the enemy lines of communication. Vladimir did not draw the shortest straw but offered to be the one to take on such a mission. All of the men knew that it was certain death. Vladimir valiantly went and was killed. His death left the Kontzevitch family in indescribable grief. Alexandra Ivanovna became numb following her son's death. Later she contacted a certain occultist by the name of Vladimir Bykov in hopes of being able to communicate with her deceased son. At that time Bykov was the publisher of one of the most influential periodicals of the time called The Spiritist. When Bykov replied to her letter he informed her that he had renounced his former views and now had
Alexandra Ivanovna Kontzevitch with her two eldest sons: Ivan (left) and Vladimir (right)
published a book about Orthodox monasteries. He wrote to her saying:
Dear Madam,
I received your letter, and with great happiness I'm hastening to write you a reply. I fully understand your grief, and sympathize with you. And I have an answer for you, in order for you to benefit and have future contact with your son.
Spiritism is demonic! Orthodox Christianity is your answer. I'm sending you my book, called Calm Havens for the Respite of a Suffering Soul. It is mostly about Optina Monastery. I have just converted from the demonic path to the only path whereby we obtain a future life in heaven with those we love. I strongly urge you to visit Optina.[2]
Alexandra did not know what to expect from the book she received but began to read it anyway. At the same time, Ivan was sent to Optina in order to report back to his mother what he found there. His first stay lasted for two months. He wrote back to his mother saying: "All the monks here walk as if on tiptoe before God. The Elders are wonderful. Take the children and come to Optina at once."[3] The following summer Alexandra packed up the remaining three children and headed off for Optina remaining in the guesthouse for the summer. Here the family would read spiritual books, roam the woods, pick berries and mushrooms and, above all else, wait whole days to have talks with Elder Anatole the Younger and Elder Nektary. The impression that the elders made on Alexandra was so strong that she dedicated the rest of her life in obedience to the spiritual instruction of the elders and also ended her life as a tonsured nun.[4]
At another time, Ivan wrote about his initial experience in Optina saying: "The Monastery and the Elders… produced on me an unexpected, irresistible impression, which is impossible to communicate in words; it can only be understood by experiencing it.
"Here one could clearly sense the grace of God, the sanctity of the place, the presence of God. This evoked a feeling of reverence and of responsibility for one's every thought, word, and action, a fear to fall into error, into deception, into self-trust and self-reliance.
"Such a state might be called 'walking before God.'
"Here for the first time the spiritual world was opened up to me, and as the antithesis to it I was shown the 'depths of Satan.'
"Here I was spiritually reborn."[5]
Every day Ivan visited the skete of the Elders and listened to the instructions that the elders gave to those present. As often as he listened to the answers of the questions of those he was there with, Ivan himself did not receive any special time from the elders. Instead, he was given to Fr. Joseph, a man experienced in the spiritual life who had lived in Optina for decades.[6] In the world Fr. Joseph had been a banker and a man of broad education. For the course of two months, following the church services, Ivan would be invited over to Fr. Joseph's cell where he would have the spiritual world opened up to him.
Following the liquidation of Optina and the eviction of Elder Nektary to Holmische, Ivan would stay in contact with the Elder through his mother who visited Elder Nektary often until his repose. His mother's letters served as material for Ivan's compilation of the life of Elder Nektary which he would write later on in life.[7]
Ivan left the Mathematics Department to join the White Army (to fight against the Communists). Later he enrolled in the Nicholas-
Ivan Michailovich as a student at the Sorbonne University, in his cell
Alexis Military Engineering School where he received "straight A's". He was promoted to officer and was transferred to Bulgaria and then to France where he studied at the Sorbonne in the École Supérieure d'Electricité and then at the St. Sergius Theological Institute. While there he worked as an unloader in a merchandise station.[8]
In France he was in constant correspondence with his mother to seek counsel of Elder Nektary for his life. The Elder guided his every step. Regarding Ivan's schooling, the Elder suggested to him that he should go to school without fail. Elder Nektary even allowed him, in case of necessity, to be absent from the Divine services, except for the twelve major feasts.[9] At the same time he was strictly forbidden by the Elder to have any thoughts of accepting the monastic tonsure, quite unlike the case of his mother, whom the Elder ordered to prepare herself for the tonsure, and also of his younger brother, who became a bishop (Bishop Nektary of Seattle, who reposed in 1983).[10]
While studying at the Sorbonne Elder Nektary advised Ivan to combine his studies with attendance at the lectures at the St. Sergius Theological Institute. He was not able to do this immediately but soon enrolled and in time completed another degree here. During this time he grew in his theological understanding and in his abilities to write. Upon finishing at the Institute Ivan submitted a two-part dissertation explaining what "Eldership" is and the path to it. At that time he was unable to offer an exhaustive answer to his theses but later, in 1952, he was able to elaborate further on the topic in a book that he wrote entitled, The Acquisition of the Holy Spirit in Ancient Russia. In this work he set forth the history between Russia and Byzantium, the sharing and growth of the Orthodox tradition in Russia from the later and how the ascetics in Russia came from Byzantium or, in some cases, were from Russia and traveled back and forth maintaining that spiritual life between the two. This union of Orthodox cultures was broken with the invasion of the Turks.
More specifically, Ivan described the role of Eldership noting that in the early centuries of Christianity there was no need for its clear definition as it was not a secret or something that was kept from people. After the fall of Byzantium Patristic literature fell into disuse and Byzantine lands, including Russia, became more permeated by Western literature and these teachings were almost forgotten. During the eighteenth century the teaching on Eldership became more widely known and a resurgence of it began through such Saints as Paisius Velichkovsky, Seraphim of Sarov, Leonid of Optina, Ambrose of Optina and others. Although with the rise of the teaching on eldership and the living examples of it there also came persecution and scorn for what some thought was a novelty, what also started appearing were overly zealous priests who imagined themselves to be Elders and as a result caused much spiritual damage to those who sought them out as well as to their own souls.
Ivan found that he still was unable to give an exhaustive answer to his question of Eldership and it was only a year after the publication of his book that he was finally able to do so in another book that he wrote which was the biography of Elder Nektary of Optina. In its first chapter Ivan was able to be more succinct in his description and elucidation of Eldership. In a condensed form it can be stated thusly: "According to the word of St. Paul, God hath set some in the church, first apostles, secondarily prophets, thirdly teachers, after that miracles, then gifts of healing, helps, governments, diversities of tongues (1 Cor. 12:28). This apostolic decree is unwavering and unchangeable in the entire life of the Church, from the beginning to the end of the ages. It refers first of all to the apostolic ministry, in other words, the sanctifying service of the Church. This ministry of service is apparent for all to see. The second ministry is prophetic, and has also been permanently instituted by the Apostle. Although it does not have visual demarcations, it nevertheless has just as inviolable a place in the Church and a firm foundation in ecclesiastical life. The prophets, under the name of eldership, always existed in the Church. The gist of eldership was acquired in asceticism and bound up with monasticism."[11]
In 1935, while studying at the Sorbonne, attending lectures and writing his thesis, Ivan met Helen Yurievna Kartsova. Prior to their first meeting Helen was going to make her vows to enter a convent but was prevented from doing so.
Helen Yurievna was born in St. Petersburg in 1893 and was raised, after the premature death of her mother, by her aunt, Helen Ozerova-Nilus, a lady-in-waiting to Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna (the Royal Martyr Tsaritsa Alexandra). Her uncle was Sergei A. Nilus, the publisher of Nicholas Motovilov's notes on St. Seraphim of Sarov and the "Acquisition of the Holy Spirit" and he was to have a formative influence on Helen. Sergei had spent many years living at Optina Monastery with his wife in the "Leontiev House." Here he was given access to the Optina archives and published many works that incorporated them and also expressed the life of Optina. His most famous work during that time was the publication of his journal entitled, On the Banks of God's River. Another uncle was David Ozerov, the chief assistant to St. John of Kronstadt in the work of organizing the latter's 'House of Industry.'[12] Thus both Ivan Mikhailovich and Helen Yurievna were influenced by Optina monastery and together devoted their lives to the teaching of its Elders and its life.
In June 1935, Ivan and Helen were married and the first purchase they made was a twelve-volume set of the Lives of the Saints written by Saint Demetrius of Rostov and then visas in order to travel to the Holy Land. It just so happened that due to immigration laws Helen was not able to go and so they planned for Ivan to go alone to Mount Athos.
Together Ivan and Helen coloborated on The Acquisition of the Holy Spirit in Ancient Russia. While he was working as an engineer, Helen would be researching in the theological libraries of Paris in order to compile resources for their work. They lived in the south of France where Ivan was busy bringing electricity to various remote areas. Throughout this time they would pilgrimage to the ancient catacombs, monasteries and caves of 6th century Gaul.
In 1952, after the publishing of their book Ivan accepted a position of Chair of Patrology at Holy Trinity Seminary in Jordanville, NY. For the publication of their book they had to sell their property, all of their possessions and even do the proof-reading themselves as they could not afford to pay for someone to do it. They left for America with barely more than the boxes of their newly printed book.
It is while being a Professor at the Holy Trinity Seminary that Ivan wrote the Prima Vita of Elder Nektary of Optina. He also wrote the abstract for the Patrology courses and many monographs of saints.
In 1954, Ivan and Helen moved to San Francisco and lived in an apartment with Ivan's brother, Nektary Bishop of Seattle. This was a very difficult environment for them in comparison to France and it took its toll on their creativity. The home was small, there was a lot of traffic and it was generally noisy due to the city life. They moved into their own home eight years later in Berkeley and in that same year Ivan wrote a book entitled The Sources of the Spiritual Catastrophe of Leo Tolstoy that articulated Tolstoy's life and it's transformation as being reflective of the transformation and movement away from the Christian heritage of modern Russia. During this time Ivan also gave many lectures at the local St. Vladimir's Youth Organization. Here the Kontzevitchs met and became friends with Eugene Rose and Gleb Podmoshensky, the future Frs. Seraphim and Herman. From the beginning of the publication of The Orthodox Word, Helen was an active contributor. She submitted articles and comments and every week she sent detailed letters.[13]
In 1964 Ivan had an operation which left him weak and after Pascha in 1965 he began to waste away. In this last year Frs. Seraphim and Herman promised that they would look after his widow. For the last two weeks of his life he received communion everyday. "'Will I suffer long?' – the words burst from him on his death bed; but he answered himself immediately: 'Let me suffer longer, that it might be better for me in the Kingdom of Heaven.' Surrounded by the icons with which he had been blessed by Elders Nektary and Anatole, and by his wife, his brother and his sister, Ivan Michailovich quietly, as if falling asleep, departed to the other world. A barely noticeable smile was impressed on his lips. A humble man who always kept himself outside the center of attention, he was granted a triumphant burial: his funeral service was celebrated by three bishops (Archbishop John Maximovitch, Bishop Nektary, and Bishop Savva) and six other clergymen."[14]
[1] Frs. Seraphim and Herman, "Our Links with the Holy Fathers: The Definition of Eldership; In Memoriam: Ivan M. Kontzevitch," The Orthodox Word (1980), 275.
[2] I.M. Kontzevitch, Elder Nektary of Optina (Platina, CA: St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood, 1998), 310. Bykov's book includes a testimony of his conversion and the role of Optina and especially of Elder Nektary in his life and has been translated into English in part and can be found on pages 287-305.
[4] Ibid., 312.
[5] Our Links, 277.
[6] Not the Saint Joseph of Optina who is commemorated on May 9.
[11] I.M. Kontzevitch, The Acquisition of the Holy Spirit in Ancient Russia (Platina, CA: St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood, 1988), 16.
[12] Abbot Herman, "Helen Yurievna Kontzevitch: Righteous Orthodox Writer," The Orthodox Word (1999), 270.
[14] Our Links, 290.
Stephen June 23, 2017 at 5:09 pm
I love this article, it is so great to read about someone like IM Kontzevitch. thank you for posting this inspiring article. His Acquisition book is one of the best I have read.
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Tomorrow's Collectibles Today!
Web mcfarlanes-figures.com
Welcome to mcfarlanes-figures.com
My journey here has been a long and hard one, but I wouldn't change anything I've done or has happened over the years.
Even the bad moments.
Because they are want have made me, and without them I would not be here now.
So where and when did it began?
I'll try to keep this as short and as unboring (is that a word?) as possible.
I was born in Singapore on the 30th April 1964 in a British Military Hospital as my father was a navy man.
About 6 months later we were moved back to the UK and spent the next three years between Inverness (my mum's home) in Scotland, Wales and finally settled in a town called Poole on the English south coast.
We lived here for 8 years, 8 of my happiest years.
From Poole we moved to Crawley in West Sussex where we stayed for 6 years, but Poole will always be the place I consider home.
Anyway, and at age of 17 I got a job at a hotel in Bournemouth and started a Hotel Management Diploma course.
I thus became a caterer for about 16 years, and loved every minute of it.
Or most of it at least.
Then a strange thing happened.
A friend and colleague of mine set up business in a "Card Shop".
But not your traditional sort of cards.
No, these were trading cards, and Futera football cards in particular.
As his shop was in the same Mall as the restaurant I was managing at the time I was often to be found loitering round his shop.
I have always been a collector and have everything from speedway programmes to comics, beer kegs to postcards in my mums attic at home.
Not to mention all my old school books, reports, srcapbooks, birthday cards (I have one from when I was 2!)and other memorabilia.
So this was right up my street.
Well, it wasn't long before I had my own internet mail order business selling trading cards, collectible trading cards and McFarlane action figures.
Business took about a year to build up, remember this was in 1995 when the internet was still relatively new so there was little competition.
Eventually I was able to give up my job and open my own shop just as the Pokemon craze took off!
Within two years I had two shops and a successful internet site.
Then the bubble burst, big time.
In 2003 many businesses, including mine, were scammed by a network of fraudsters using "stolen" credit cards (I believe the cards weren't physically stolen but the numbers) in order to place orders via the internet.
These orders ranged in value from less than GBP100-500, so no big deal, and as all credit card numbers were processed eletronically and cleared with no problem the goods were sent (by courier) in good faith.
However some 6-9 months later and some as long as a year later, the credit cards started to claim back the money.
And the worst part?
I could not do anything about it because they were internet purchases so there was no hand written signatures (one of the main reasons the 3 digit security codes are now used on the back of your credit card for online orders)!
And despite having reciepts from the couriers of delivery I was told these were irrelevant.
As a result, over the period of a year, I lost about GBP10,000 and eventually my business.
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My organ is home now!
Well,guys,...my Rodgers organ is home now! Trying to upload a piucture,but the site tells me the file is too large!
Congradulations. Hope it will bring you alot of pleasure.
Congratulations, Dewey... I'm very happy for you!
I have a Rodgers Essex 640,...I'm a Rodgers guy now! LOL!!!!
That is one of the best-sounding of all analog Rodgers organs, IMHO. Not sure what is different about late 80's models from the earlier analogs, but somehow they just finally got the voicing "right" -- especially on the unit reed. The swell trumpet chorus has the sweetest sound, and just perfect attack and decay. Sounds so good it's hard to believe a digital trumpet could be much better.
Good set of features on that one too, though "blind" capture is one of my pet peeves. You'll figure it out in time, and may want to simply set yourself a series of 5 increasing levels on the pistons, since you can't see what they are doing, and setting them is sort of a pain. But the console is very nice, and the keys and pedals are superb.
Though the flutes and diapasons are unified, there are surprisingly sweet tones from both ranks, and for most playing the unification is not highly obvious. Good chiff and such too.
The internal speaker system on this one is also "just right" for some reason. I have played a number of them and never seem to get tired of the sound, even with the speakers so close to my ears. I can't say that about the older digital organs from anybody, which tend to wear on my ears and my nerves after a while.
So have a great time with it and keep up the good work!
I love it's sound,...really nice sound coming from console speakers! The church that gave this organ to me REALLY took great care of it,and I intend to keep it THAT way! My ears never tire from the sound being so close. The Lord knew what he was doing having this organ just waiting for me! Allen is STILL a good organ,though,...I'm not going to fault them,..and that would have been my preference,BUT the Lord had other ideas!
You're very fortunate, Dewey. Some of the older Rodgers analogs do not sound very good as self-contained. But yours was made late in the analog era, and the keying parameters and certain aspects of the voice formants had all been tweaked to perfection in this model. The first time I played one I thought for a moment that it was a digital, given the highly authentic reed sound on the swell. And the internal speakers are just right -- not too bright, spreading the sound in a pleasant way. Early digitals with speakers in the console are usually painful to my ears, but this Rodgers is truly sweet and fun to play.
It may well last you for years or even decades, as there isn't that much to wear out and the parts inside are mostly generic, should anything need replacing. At some point you may want to have it tuned and regulated, or learn to do that yourself. It is fairly simple to maintain, though you need a helper when you are ready to tune and level the stops.
Don't let it bother you that some of us diehard Allen fans are prone to dismissing non-Allen organs. We do love our Allens, and love all the advantages of Allen ownership, but many of us have proudly owned and played other brands as well, and recognize that there are lots of fine organs out there from various builders.
Keep up the good work. And play your organ every day!
I don't want to go on and on about this,but long story short,...I've already lost all credibility with one Allen guy,...I was told I just cannot change my position overnight. He says that Rodgers will never match Allen on sound,and a few other things I can't remember. Regardless of what he says or thinks,...I love my Essex 640! He can't seem to buy the fact that I have heard an Allen or two that didn't sound as good as a comparable Rodgers organ. Allens are good,too,and that would have been my preference,but I love my Essex 640,too.
Rather, you have "lost all faith in one Allen guy." Good, bad, and ugly examples exist of all organs out there: Analog, digital, pipe, combo, or Hammond. Application and installation of each type of organ make a huge difference and can make or break an organ.
I'm an avid Allen fan. Whenever I get the chance to advise someone on what brand to look for in the classical / church organ field, Allen is always first on the list. That is NOT to say that all others are bad though. There are plenty of brands that have made great sounding organs over the years. But with other brands, it is more critical to get the right model, from a good era, like you have there. All companies have made some stinkbomb models, including Allen.
Michael,....I have lost all credibility with him! He feels that just because I have been gifted a free organ which happens to be a Rodgers that I get the feeling they are SUDDENLY better than Allen,and telling me I just cannot change my position overnight,..like I don't have the right to have a change of heart. I like both brands,and both Rodgers and Allen have some good organs out there. He has also said that no one probably will not ever take me seriously anymore to anything I say! It's like,...in his eyes,....Allen ALWAYS make perfect organs,...or it seems that way,...and if the organ is NOT an Allen,it's no good!
Wow! What's he been drinking? Of course, everyone has a right to their own opinion, but when someone blindly follows a particular path, it makes me suspicious. How unfortunate!
Still waiting on some amazing pictures!


text:
Woman doing kantha embroidery using a simple run stitch © Contact Base
Can ICH Safeguarding Contribute to the New 2030 SDGs? A Case Study from West Bengal, India
Volume 27	Field Report
Ananya BhattacharyaSecretary, Contact Base
Moe ChibaSection Chief & Programme Specialist for Culture, UNESCO New Delhi
In September 2015, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with its ambitious and far-reaching 17 Goals and 169 targets with an endeavor to build on the earlier Millennium Development Goals and complete what the MDGs did not achieve. The focus of the 2030 Agenda remains ensuring peoples' well-being and dignity, fostering common prosperity, protecting the planet, and building peace, and these through mobilizing global partnerships.
In this new Agenda, cultural heritage protection, however, occupies a rather timid position, appearing merely as one of the targets under Goal 11—Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable—and this too, only in terms of "strengthen[ing] efforts to protect and safeguard the world's cultural and natural heritage," with clear bias towards heritage sites, and somewhat none of the targets of Goal 4—Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all—in terms of the need to impart the "appreciation of cultural diversity and culture's contribution to sustainable development" in addition to other topics such as sustainable lifestyles, human rights, and gender equality.
This proves that, despite UNESCO's continuous advocacy since the 1980s, global leaders and international bodies have yet to acknowledge the potential of the cultural heritage sector to meet sustainable development goals. In particular, the absence of reference to intangible cultural heritage (ICH) in the targets of the 2030 Agenda is a disappointment to the community of heritage practitioners, who are likely to be marginalized yet once again in this new international discourse on development.
ICH, understood as traditional knowledge and skills inherited from generation to generation, is the expression of peoples' ingenuity to adopt themselves to their natural and socio-economic environment and is a testament to the people's survival and development.
So, UNESCO has continuously underlined the importance of safeguarding ICH as a means of sustainable development, especially for livelihood improvement and social inclusion of the communities in need.
Out of the seventeen goals in the 2030 Agenda, and in addition to Goals 4 and 11 mentioned, those in which ICH safeguarding is likely to contribute include
Goal 1 End poverty in all its forms everywhere
Goal 5 Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
Goal 8 Promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for all
Goal 16 Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies
However, it is also true that many governments, especially in South Asia, are yet to fully harness the potential of ICH for a national development agenda. This is probably because in this sub-region, cultural heritage in general is still largely understood as something to be studied and admired for consumption of academics and elites, mainly to exhort the national identity, but rarely as a productive sector with a group of people with distinctive skills and knowledge. That the national schemes for culture and heritage in most of the countries mainly consist of subsidies for research, documentation, publication, or exhibition corroborates this observation.
As the international community embarks on implementing the new 2030 Agenda, it is vital for UNESCO and friends of ICH to explicitly elucidate the link between ICH safeguarding exercises with the sustainable development of the communities of ICH bearers and society at large.
It is important for ICH to secure its place in the new UN development discourse primarily because poverty, lack of livelihood opportunities, and low social recognition are the most common reasons for ICH practitioners to abandon their ancestral skills. An ICH safeguarding project is not successful unless it addresses the development needs of its practitioners.
West Bengal is one of the few state governments in India that decided to take a bold step in promoting ICH as a means for rural livelihood development.
In September 2016, the Department of Micro Small and Medium Enterprise & Textile of the government of West Bengal signed with UNESCO New Delhi an INR 95 million (USD 1.6 million) agreement to launch the Rural Craft Hub project, a massive capacity-building initiative of some 3,000 traditional artisans in ten craft traditions across eleven locations to support the continuation of their ancestral knowledge by improving their livelihood.
West Bengal is known as a hot spot of traditional Indian craft. Bengali handicrafts embody the rich heritage of aesthetics and creativity and serve as the economic lifeline of the more vulnerable sections of society, especially women, who account for 50 percent of the artisan population, as well as scheduled castes, tribes, and religious minorities.
Executed through Contact Base over the last two and a half years, the Rural Craft Hub project has exposed artisans to national and international markets and product diversification and provided working capital to artisan cooperatives through the West Bengal Khadi Village and Industry Board. The project has also set up Common Facility Centres as active working spaces for artisans and organized village festivals to bring recognition to the hubs and tap into local customers.
The project is based on the premise that ICH cannot be sustained unless the livelihood of the practitioners is ensured. Increased income leads to self-pride and social inclusion, which in turn encourages ICH bearer communities to continue their practices. This simple and pragmatic formula is derived from Contact Base's long-term field experience supporting the rural poor and marginalized communities.
Explore rural craft and cultural hubs of West Bengal
When the project started, a baseline study revealed that crafts were largely a secondary or tertiary livelihood for most tradition bearers. The main opportunity for sales was limited to annual handicraft fairs or through intermediaries. Income was low because the products lacked variety and quality. Revitalization and skill development has augmented the products' value and the practitioners' repertoire. The craftspeople now enjoy year-round sales, and their average income has increased between USD 500 and 1,000 per person per annum. Women doing kantha embroidery were earning less than USD 10 per month but are now earning USD 100 in women-led micro enterprises. About 60 percent of the craftspeople are women, and the initiative has led to women's economic empowerment, which has given them a greater say in family and community matters and their improved mobility. Craft community villages are enjoying a new recognition. The communities now have an annual festival celebrating their tradition, and 90 percent of those participating belong to minority and marginalized communities. Recognition of their tradition and skills and economic empowerment has fostered interest in developmental programs and social inclusion. The families appreciate the value of education and are sending children to school (many are first generation school goers). Sanitation has improved remarkably, and the quality of life is better in general. Overall the project has certainly delivered happiness to the communities.
Many typical ICH safeguarding projects focus on documentation and inventory making or on sensitization workshop for younger generations. But these have limited effect as they fail to address the larger socio-economic issues of ICH bearers. In other words, the success or relevance of an ICH safeguarding project should be assessed against the extent to which the project contributes to the sustainable development goals of ICH bearers, be it livelihood, youth employment, social inclusion, or women's empowerment. Otherwise ICH safeguarding projects would remain superficial exercises exclusively within academic and cultural elite circles.
It is time for ICH experts to integrate sustainable development goals into ICH safeguarding exercise so that, fifteen years down the line, culture will finally have its due recognition in international development discourse.
Puta, a Tshok Offering of Buckwheat Noodles
Linkages between ICH Safeguarding and the SDGs: UNESCO's Action


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Introducing the Windows 365 Cloud PC
Ashli LoppNews October 1, 2021
Microsoft has rolled out Windows 365, which provides the Windows 10 and Windows 11 operating systems as a cloud service. Discover how these "Cloud PCs" are enabling employees to work wherever they want using just about any device.
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way many companies operate. One notable development is an increase in the number of businesses adopting a hybrid work model. In other words, they are allowing employees to work both onsite and remotely. For example, employees might work onsite three days a week and work from home the rest of the time. "The ability to work whenever, however, and wherever it's needed has become the new normal," noted Wangui McKelvey, the Microsoft 365 general manager.
However, businesses often need to set up separate systems that enable remote employees to connect to the company network and access its resources. Besides increasing IT staff members' workloads, these systems can increase companies' potential attack surface, especially if the remote workers are using their own personal devices to connect to the network.
To implement a successful hybrid work environment, businesses need a solution that allows employees to access and share resources, collaborate, and communicate while keeping the companies' data and IT systems secure. Employees need a solution that is easy to use and available across devices.
To address these needs, Microsoft rolled out Windows 365 on August 2, 2021. Windows 365 provides the Windows 10 and Windows 11 (expected in late 2021) operating systems as a cloud service. Just like employees have their own physical Windows PCs in a traditional workplace, users have their own Windows PCs in the cloud. Each user's "Cloud PC" contains his or her personalized apps, data, and settings.
"Much like how we've embraced the cloud for other products, our vision for a Windows 365 Cloud PC is to deliver a new way to experience Windows through the power of the cloud — while solving both novel and traditional challenges for organizations," noted McKelvey. "This new paradigm isn't just about allowing and securing remote access. The user experience is more important than ever for attracting and retaining talent, improving productivity, and ensuring security."
Easy for Employees to Access and Use
One feature that will likely attract employees is the ability to access their Cloud PC from any device that has a web browser, including Android, iPad, Linux, Mac, and even Raspberry Pi devices. Alternatively, they can run the Microsoft Remote Desktop app to access their Cloud PC if they are using a Windows, iOS, macOS, or Android device.
"The Windows experience is consistent, no matter the device," noted McKelvey. "You can pick up right where you left off, because the state of your Cloud PC remains the same, even when you switch devices. You can get the same work done on a laptop in a hotel room, a tablet from the car between appointments, or your desktop while you're in the office."
Employees will also be happy about the ease in which they can connect to their Cloud PC. All they need to do is open the Remote Desktop app or web browser on their device and log in to their Windows 365 account.
Easy for IT Staff to Manage
Business leaders and IT staff will likely appreciate the ease in which Cloud PCs can be deployed, managed, and secured. Although Windows 365 is built on Azure Virtual Desktop, the cloud service takes care of the virtualization details.
Equally important, Windows 365 is integrated into Microsoft Endpoint Manager. As a result, Cloud PCs appear alongside physical devices in Endpoint Manager. IT staff members are able to use the same tools to deploy, manage, and secure both Cloud PCs and physical devices.
"With Windows 365, we are modernizing the way that Windows experiences are delivered for anyone on practically any device," said Scott Manchester, the director of program management for Windows 365. "It's easy to use and just as easy for IT to manage."
Not Just for Large Companies with a Hybrid Workplace
Windows 365 was designed from the ground up to fit the hybrid work experience, according to Manchester. However, companies with a traditional workplace might also find the cloud service beneficial. For example, Cloud PCs would be work well in organizations where employees frequently travel for business or work out of multiple offices.
And since Windows 365 is a subscription-based cloud service that employs a per-user pricing structure, it is suitable for companies of any size. Two subscription plans are available at the time of this writing: Windows 365 Business (300 or fewer users) and Windows 365 Enterprise (unlimited number of users). Microsoft currently does not offer any consumer plans, but that might change in the future.
Intrigued by Windows 365? We can provide more information and help you determine if it is a viable solution for your business.


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On Friday, September 29, the 2007 Defense Budget of 447.6 billion dollars allocated for the defense of our country and national security was signed into law by the President of the United States of America. This legislation was approved by the 435 members of the House of Representatives and the 100 members of the United States Senate before submission to the President. The 2007 Defense budget of 447.6 billion dollars marks the largest annual amount of tax dollars spent on Defense, but of equal value is that this high mark for Defense equates to the lowest percentage of our Gross National Product spent on Defense since the 1800's.
At 2.1% of the Defense budget, $9.4 billion will be spent on missile defense in 2007; this is an increase of $1.4 billion from last year and $110 million dollars above the President's request. The 2007 Missile Defense allocation marks the fourth year in a row that the missile defense budget has been increased. We at MDAA, as well as those men and women in the Armed Forces around the world, thank Congress and the President for their decision to legislate into law these expenditures for missile defense.
Also noteworthy is 32.8 million dollars for the third GBI site in Central Europe and that 10 more Ground Based Interceptors were purchased to make a total of 50 interceptors. These systems combined with funding for future interceptor systems such as the Air Borne Laser (ABL), Kinetic Energy Interceptor (KEI), and Multiple Kill Vehicle (MKV) at a combined total of close to a billion dollars displays a balance for future development driven by Congress and the President.
To those in the world that seek to proliferate and use ballistic missiles to threaten and intimidate, the annual amount of American tax dollars spent and capability displayed (13 intercepts in the past 12 months), must raise credible and serious doubt to their allocation of scarce resources for ballistic missiles which can and will be nullified by our growing and effective missile defense.
With other needed priorities for federal funding, it is with a humbling perspective that Missile Defense accounts for only 2.1% of the federal funds spent on Defense and a much smaller fraction of the overall Federal Budget. We believe, with strong conviction, that money spent on missile defense will help insure our society to prosper and have freedoms that our forefathers created, so that we and our future generations can also have those freedoms.


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Home/News / Cargill strengthens Russian footprint with stake in Black Sea port terminal
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Cargill strengthens Russian footprint with stake in Black Sea port terminal
Cargill has acquired a minority shareholding in a deep sea port terminal in Novorossiysk on the Black Sea in south west Russia.
Moscow, Russia, 12 December 2013. Cargill has acquired a minority shareholding in a deep sea port terminal in Novorossiysk on the Black Sea in south west Russia. The company has purchased a 25 per cent plus one share indirect interest from DeloPorts Limited in its subsidiary, OAO "Kombinat"Stroykomplekt" ("KSK").
"We are pleased to announce this partnership with DeloPorts Limited," said Andreas Rickmers, head of Cargill's grain and oilseeds operations in Europe. "This strategic investment is in line with our intention to grow our operations in Russia. It is our first investment in a Russian port on the Black Sea and will strengthen our offering to the market, providing a channel to connect our Russian grain operations to the rest of the world."
Rickmers continued: "Securing this vital step in their supply chain will also benefit Russian farmers, providing them with reliable access to global markets for their crops. It forms part of our growing focus to offer our farmer customers a range of services, advice and financial tools."
The KSK facility has the capacity to handle 3.5 million metric tons of grain per annum. Cargill will use a portion of the volume capacity and the remaining volume will be available in the market. Cargill will also continue to use various port facilities throughout the Black Sea region to serve its customers around the world.
This latest investment follows Cargill's announcement in September 2013 that it has begun constructing a new sunflower oil crush plant in the Volgograd region of southern Russia. The port will add to Cargill's global network of grain and port facilities, including a joint venture in the Romanian port of Constantza on the Black Sea. It will allow the company to better leverage its global operations in order to feed a growing global population, supporting the movement of staple crops to areas around the world where they are most needed.
"This investment is mutually beneficial for the parties involved," said Natalia Orlova, Cargill's country representative and head of its food business in Russia. "It is an important element of our growing footprint in Russia, where we have been operating since 1991. We have invested more than US $ 900 million across our portfolio of businesses in the country, making Cargill a leading investor in the agricultural sector."
Corinne Holtshausen Tel: +44 1932 861 174 [email protected]
Notes for editors:
Cargill provides food, agriculture, financial and industrial products and services to the world. Together with farmers, customers, governments and communities, we help people thrive by applying our insights and nearly 150 years of experience. We have 142,000 employees in 67 countries who are committed to feeding the world in a responsible way, reducing environmental impact and improving the communities where we live and work. For more information, visit Cargill.com and our News Center.


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Johns Hopkins historian honored by Southern Historical Association
N.D.B. Connolly wins Bennet H. Wall Award for his book, 'A World More Concrete: Real Estate and the Remaking of Jim Crow South Florida'
By Jill Rosen
/ Published Oct 4, 2016
N.D.B. Connolly, an associate professor of history at Johns Hopkins University, has won an award from the Southern Historical Association for his latest book, A World More Concrete: Real Estate and the Remaking of Jim Crow South Florida.
Image caption: N.D.B. Connolly
The Southern Historical Association's Bennett H. Wall Award recognizes the best book published in a two-year period that examines southern business or economic history. The prize committee called Connolly's work "a provocative, persuasive study."
Connolly "uses the real estate business of Miami as a lens through which to view the continual repositioning of urban power blocs that segregated and reshaped city neighborhoods from the Progressive Era through the 1970s," the committee wrote. "By firmly placing real estate at the narrative core of growth and development, Connolly has made an important departure from most southern urban historiography. A World More Concrete provides a sophisticated, thoughtful analysis of the political economy of white supremacy in 20th century South Florida, and Connolly has produced a provocative, persuasive study that reminds us that class and race have long intersected in complicated and uncomfortable ways."
The Wall Award, established in 2000, honors the service of Bennett Wall, who served as secretary/treasurer of the Southern Historical Association for more than 33 years and as the group's president in 1988.
Posted in Arts+Culture, Politics+Society
Tagged history, nathan connolly, american history
Property power
This study shows how black and white landlords, politicians, and entrepreneurs found ways to reproduce Jim Crow segregation via property ownership. / Johns Hopkins Magazine
Black culture not the problem
JHU's Nathan Connolly on the economics behind Baltimore's unrest / The New York Times
Property rights and wrongs
/ Johns Hopkins Magazine


VALLEY — The Sangre de Cristo National Heritage Area and History Colorado, through an Underrepresented Communities Grant from the Historic Preservation Fund of the National Park Service, Department of Interior, have successfully submitted four properties in the San Luis Valley to the National Register of Historic Places.
The Keeper of the National Register in Washington D.C. approved the submissions and officially listed the properties after returning to work from the government shutdown. The four properties include: The Garcia Ranch Headquarters in Antonito; Saint Joseph's Church and Cemetery in Capulin; the S.P.M.D.T.U. Lodge Hall in Chama; and Our Lady of Guadalupe Parish in Conejos.
The Sociedad Proteccion Mutua de Trabajadores Unidos (S.P.M.D.T.U.) Lodge Hall in Chama was built in ca. 1920. It was considered significant for its contribution to Hispanic history of the state, its adobe construction, and its likelihood to yield important information for prehistory or history. The property was used as a lodge hall for the Hispanic labor union from the time it was built until recently. The S.P.M.D.T.U. is still an active organization in Colorado and Northern New Mexico. The organization was founded to provide mutual aid to its members by pooling their resources to assist one another in times of need.


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TV News Trifecta: Arrow, Toonami, Care Bears
By Chris Cummins May 18, 2012 TV 0 Comment
? The CW has released this first look at their upcoming Green Arrow series, Arrow. (Did they do focus testing that told them the word 'green' was lame?) The series stars Stephen Amell as the DC hero and is described by the network thusly:
After a violent shipwreck, billionaire playboy Oliver Queen was missing and presumed dead for five years before being discovered alive on a remote island in the Pacific. When he returns home to Starling City, his devoted mother Moira, much-beloved sister Thea, and best friend Tommy welcome him home, but they sense Oliver has been changed by his ordeal on the island. While Oliver hides the truth about the man he's become, he desperately wants to make amends for the actions he took as the boy he was. Most particularly, he seeks reconciliation with his former girlfriend, Laurel Lance. As Oliver reconnects with those closest to him, he secretly creates the persona of Arrow – a vigilante – to right the wrongs of his family, fight the ills of society, and restore Starling City to its former glory. By day, Oliver plays the role of a wealthy, carefree and careless philanderer he used to be – flanked by his devoted chauffeur/bodyguard, John Diggle – while carefully concealing the secret identity he turns to under cover of darkness. However, Laurel's father, Detective Quentin Lance, is determined to arrest the vigilante operating in his city. Meanwhile, Oliver's own mother, Moira, knows much more about the deadly shipwreck than she has let on – and is more ruthless than he could ever imagine.
I was too distracted by the CG apples at the end of the clip to really form too much of an opinion on this, but I can say that someone desperately needs to redub the montage sequence featured here with "Higher and Higher" from Wet Hot American Summer. (Via /Film)
? You asked for it. You prayed for it. Some of you even wrote songs about it. And now, finally, Toonami is returning to Cartoon Network on Saturday, May 26th. There's only speculation about exactly what will be featured in the anime lineup when it makes its comeback so far, but stay tuned to Topless Robot for more info when it becomes available. And feel free to voice your hopes in the comments.
? Lou Reed once sang "there's a bit of magic in everything, and some loss to even things out." Indeed. Just as word about Toonami's triumphant return began to spread yesterday, this teaser for The Hub's impending Care Bears: Welcome to Care-A-Lot series. (And with that, the great Brony vs. Bruin war of 2012 officially began). Say what you will about this corporate exercise in manufactured cuteness aimed at breathing new life into a 1980s franchise, yet it's still bound to yield better results than this. (Via Pop Candy)
Lost Ain't Over Yet
?AHAHAHAHA YOU ONLY THOUGHT YOU WERE DONE. The other night Michael
Ask Luke's Mother-in-Law: Game of Thrones, Boobs, Butts and Banks
Luke's mother-in-law is former LAPD, a licensed property appraiser and a
Chris Cummins is a pop culture writer and Archie comics historian who has contributed to The Robot's Voice, Den of Geek US, Philebrity, Geekadelphia, Uproxx, and Unicorn Booty. He is the co-producer and co-host of Nerd Nite Philadelphia, and is regularly involved in producing and hosting New York Super Week events. In 2014, Chris began Sci-Fi Explosion, a mix of live performance, trivia and funny clips celebrating the weirdest in science fiction that regularly travels around the United States. He wrote the introductions to the compilations Archie's Favorite Comics From The Vault and (with Paul Castiglia) Archie's Favorite High School Stories. You can find Chris on Twitter at @bionicbigfoot and @scifiexplosion.


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Q: PINE script. My strategy.entry is not on the right position in the chart when my script open a new BUY strategy.entry position it plot in the right position bar in the chart, but when it plot another BAR will move the symbol in the wrong bar position:
enter image description here
For example, if I have a green BAR that goes from 1.50$ to 1.78$, the script open an alert and strategy.enter in the 1.65$ position. But after new bars it show me that the buy is at 1.50$ (For long positions).
Of course this will false every stop loss calculation etc. Please help me.
buy = buySignal
alertcondition(buy, title='Buy Signal', message='Buy Signal Alert')
sell = sellSignal
alertcondition(sell, title='Sell Signal', message='Sell Signal Alert')

// STEP 2:
// Figure out take profit price
longExitPrice  = strategy.position_avg_price * (1 + longProfitPerc)
shortExitPrice = strategy.position_avg_price * (1 - shortProfitPerc)

// See if this bar's time happened on/after start date
afterStartDate = (time >= timestamp(syminfo.timezone, FromYear, FromMonth, FromDay, 0, 0))
if (afterStartDate and buy)
    strategy.entry("Enter Long", strategy.long)
if (afterStartDate and sell)
    strategy.entry("Enter Short", strategy.short)


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Q: C++ tbb_debug.dll missing I'm new with openCV and I tried followed some tutorials. Everything worked fine until I included: opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp and used the filter2D function. I got the following error when I start my program:
"The program can't start because tbb_debug.dll is missing from your computer."
On the internet I have found that this error has something to do with 32 and 64 bit versions of dlls.
I'm using the 64bit version of windows and created a 32bit console application in VS2010 and the application uses the 32 bit version of the openCV dll's.
When I start the program "dependency walker", I can see that my program uses the 64bit version of all system dll's (in C:\windows\system32....). Only the dll's of opencv are 32bit.
screenshot of depenency walker:

Thanks

A: For all of You who want to try the simplest solution (it is the only solution that worked for me) is:

*

*right click on Your project in Visual Studio

*select "Properties"

*under the Intel performance libraries options

*select "YES" for "Use TBB"

As explained in this video starting from 2:55
Good luck People! :)
====
EDIT - updated the video link (first and the last time)

A: If you need Intel TBB dll's you can get that from
www.threadingbuildingblocks.org - > Go to the download area.

A: I assume that you are using pre-compiled OpenCV 2.3 binaries. The package, for some reason, ships with tbb dlls but not the debug ones (i.e., say with tbb.dll, but not tbb_debug.dll). You need to get that from Intel here or as part of an Intel software suite (if you want to buy/try). Once you get this, all you need to do is put the dlls in path where your program's executable can find it. Easiest way is to copy all tbb*_debug.dll to the OpenCV bin folder ..../build/common/tbb/intel64/vc10/
UPDATE [May '12]: OpenCV 2.4 is out now, and it does ship with all the requisite dlls!


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