My dear friends, Cate, Megan, and myself had quite the closet purging. We met at Cate's house midday on Sunday to start the event.
Yikes, Cate, this was never a good choice!
This is where we ended. A full closet, and a lot of "donation" sacks!
No more wire hangers, NO MORE WIRE HANGERS EVER!
1. Getting a little girl time in, with some fun gals!
Cate loves the part when pedicures tickle your feet!
3. I need this in print hanging in my house!!!
4. Some more hallway love. I just got some prints ordered to fill my collection of frames. This hallway make-over is taking foreva~ geez louise!
There are tiny signs of spring here in the good ol' Kansas City. And by tiny, I mean tiny. After having the most beautiful weather last week, we are back in the digits of frigid. This too shall pass, this too shall pass.
Back in February, I posted something about a space girl. Well here are the results of that post.
These two ladies are nothing short of FABULOUS. They really can make you feel like the girl of your dreams!
Here are some photos that I recently had taken by some sweeties from Dallas/Fort Worth area, Dynamite Dames. I love these ladies! They are fun to the extreme, and make you feel beautiful, even if you are like me and just faking it.
Both photography companies teamed together to shoot two sets! One was burlesque and the other was a circus set. I am posting the burlesque set first.
I can't wait to see what the carnival set has to offer. It was fun to play dress up for a day.
So, I got a couple of awards to announce. Which, in my small mind, makes me kind of excited! tee hee. I know, I am kind of a nerd when it comes to new friends and blogging!
First, my dear friend Kodie, over at Cheap Momma, gave me a stylish blogger award. Ooh La La, right?!?!? Kodie and I have been friend for what seems like ages and now she is a pretty fab momma of two darling girls! Here blog is so cute and funny! Be sure to stop by and leave a nice comment.
Second, a *new* friend in the blogosphere, Amanda, at Away Beyond, gave me a versatile blogger award. Who knew? Well I really appreciate it, that's who knew! She has a fantastic blog that is beautiful and bursting with kindness and wonderful new ideas! I am glad to add her blog to my daily reads!
With these two awards, comes much responsibility. (ha ha) I have to list 8 things about myself. I know, 8 things that you don't already know, this might be hard.
I am a vegetarian, and have been for going on 23 years. I am the only vegetarian in my family.
I do not want to have children, ever.
If I could, I would love to own and operate a rescue animal farms.
I love candy and dessert more than anything in the world. Well, candy, desserts, and sparkly things.
My second spotlight interview is with a sassy and, ultimately, one of the raddest girls i know Meredith Host of Folded Pigs. Her and I got to be a part of the beginnings of the Kansas City Roller Warriors, the local roller derby team to Kansas City. I am so lucky to have got to know her and fell deeply in love with her and her art form.
Please stop by her etsy store, Folded Pigs, for a peek at some very awesome dinner ware.
You can also visit her studio blog, Sweet Nothings, or her other works of art at Meredith Host .
She is a local artist to Kansas City but has been featured in Bust Magazine, Country Living Magazine and as a featured seller on Etsy.com.
I grew up in Detroit Rock City, but currently live in Kansas City.
How did you get your etsy store started?
During grad school (I went to Ohio State University for ceramics), our clay club decided to have a Valentine's Day sale to help raise money to bring in visiting artists. I had a few random dishes to decal, so on a whim I made some with the "i love you more than zombies love brains" and "eat your heart out" designs. There was a crazy snowstorm the day of our sale and school was canceled. Needless to say, the sale did not do so well. I had a small stack of dishes left over, and about a month prior has opened up an etsy shop. I put the dishes up in my shop (early 2007) and they sold rather quickly. And that's when the orders started rolling in... I like to say that I accidentally started a business while in grad school.
Zombies, brains, vintage medical illustrations, humor, puns, wit, the grotesque, horror movies, pirates, skeletons, eating, attraction/repulsion, bugs, things you maybe wouldn't want to see on your dinner plate, etc.etc.etc.
How long have you been creating these fabulous items?
What celebrity would you most like to use your items?
Martha Stewart! I don't think she'd use the dishes as everyday dishes, but maybe just seasonally for Halloween. Martha…Hello? Are you there?
Ugh…when people say "anyways". IT'S NOT A WORD!!! It's ANYWAY…no "S". it's awful to hear it said out loud, and maybe even worse to see it typed out.
www.netflix.com, www.hulu.com (I like to stream tv shows and movies…A LOT), www.designsponge.com (yay for rad design!), www.ebay.com, kansascity.craigslist.com (I like to buy stuff), www.orangyporangy.com (I wear her skirts everyday).
I think I might have it already! I get to work in my studio full time and make my functional handmade from scratch porcelain pottery as well as work on my foldedpigs line. Ultimately I would love for my studio artwork to completely support me financially, but until then, foldedpigs helps save the day!
I'm a fake redhead. Oh the shame. I'm totally intimidated by real redheads – I know they know I'm a fraud.
1. No Joke. Every. Day.
2. New pillows for my bedroom. I love me some scrabble action!
3. Kate Spade Scout Bag. And the amount of colors they come in, is too much to handle!
4. This makeup is to DIE for. I love it and am going to try to pull it off more frequently!
Omg guys! I got my new little sister a couple of weeks ago. As you know it was one of my New Year's Resolutions to get a little sister with the Big Brother, Big Sister organization. Well check it off the list cause it is done!
Her name is Alexis and she is fourteen years old, through and through. The best part of this process, I think, is experiencing what it is like to be a teenager again! It is so funny, and for me, it gives meaning to my life as an adult because it puts things in perspective, BIG TIME.
Alexis and I went out for dinner and a little shopping. I have never once stepped foot into a Holister store before that day. Not because I have anything against it, but because I wasn't sure it really reflected my style.
A fourteen year old proved me wrong. I got a couple of cute sweaters that I loved introducing into my freshly purged wardrobe (See Here) and shared a fun time with a girl that opened my eyes to possibilities!
She also talked me into this new phone cover. Really she didn't "talk" me into it, I wanted it, but we both knew it was fabulous!
I can't wait to continue documenting this process.
Welcome to the fourth and final installment of Shape up your closest. This last installment is about how to Accessorize you Style.
I think this might be the part where my heart is actually singing! I love accessories. One look into my closet, well the shoe portion anyway, and you would know immediately, this is my forte!
Think of it this way, if you have purged your closet, inventoried your closet, and don't have a big budget to refill your closet, accessorizing is the quickest and cheapest way to update even the most drab wardrobe.
There are so many ways to accessorizing your style. Think of it as a way to create a signature. I love big cocktail rings and bracelets. If you see me out and about, I will probably have one of those items on. Thus creating a "signature"
The idea that you are trying something new is great and it is best to start with something small like a collection of scarves or perhaps a new adventure into platform shoes. Either way you are formulating a way to start creating a signature style.
My friend Amy is known for her 'signature' eyeliner. You will never see this girl without a swooping cat eye black liner on her gorgeous almond shaped eyes. She figured out the best way to makeup her eyes and that has become a part of her signature style. An easy, yet affordable way, to set yourself on a trend of style!
I hope that you have found these installments helpful in your journey towards fabulousness! I am in no way shape or form an expert on fashion and am always up for helpful hints! I thought it would be fun to pass along the small things I have learned and hopefully receive feedback as well!
1. Hallway design. Still working to ramp up the stairwell case in my house. I have started collecting picture frames from around the rest of my house. And we have to now order pictures to fill them!
2. New uses for crates. Love this!
3. Something I am going to try to make with a bunch of old buttons. Just add it to the "to-do" list kids!
4. Every day no matter what!
5. Here's to never growing up! Happy St. Patrick's Day!


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So many variables determine what makes an artist or band "essential" — longevity, impact, influence, history. On-air and online, we celebrate the musicians who have shaped our cultural soundtrack for the past fifty years. Let's love these FUV Essential artists while they're here, and honor those who have departed too soon.
On the first day that MTV launched, back on August 1, 1981, the seventh video played on the nascent channel was the Pretenders'
The Pretenders' Chrissie Hynde (photo by Joel Ryan/AP)
Read more about The Pretenders
FUV Essentials, both on-air and online, celebrates the musicians who have shaped our cultural soundtrack for the past fifty years, examining their impact, influence and discography. Few American bands have balanced Southern Gothic, sun-splashed punk-pop, and bruising, abstruse rock 'n' roll more deftly than R.E.M., a quartet-turned-trio that thrived for 31 years, until its breakup in 2011.
R.E.M. (illlustration by Dan Springer)
Read more about R.E.M.
FUV Essentials, both on-air and online, celebrates the musicians who have shaped our cultural soundtrack for the past fifty years, examining their impact, influence and discography. If you frequently drive down New Jersey's Garden State Parkway, you know that Exit 102 leads you to Asbury Park, a seaside city with a name that still resonates like a classic rock anthem—thanks to Bruce Springsteen.
Bruce Springsteen (photo by Betsy Whitney, PR)
Read more about Bruce Springsteen
FUV Essentials, both on-air and online, celebrates the musicians who have shaped our cultural soundtrack for the past fifty years, examining their impact, influence and discography. As a deep blues doyenne, a master guitarist, and owner of one of the most heartbreaking, wistful voices to command a breakup ballad or ballsy rocker, Bonnie Raitt is an indomitable force.
Bonnie Raitt (illustration by Dan Springer)
Read more about Bonnie Raitt
Steve Rosenthal: Five Essential David Bowie Albums
Producer, engineer and archivist Steve Rosenthal sadly had to close his 28-year-old recording studio, The Magic Shop, earlier in March 2016, falling prey to voracious New York rents. David Bowie recorded his last two albums at The Magic Shop, The Next Day and Blackstar. We reached out to Steve and asked if he'd write about his Five Essential David Bowie Albums as we celebrate Bowie as our first FUV Essential artist.
Photo of David Bowie by Jimmy King and photo of Steve Rosenthal by Brian Silak (photos courtesy of Steve Rosenthal).
Read more about Steve Rosenthal: Five Essential David Bowie Albums
David Bowie was the very first FUV Essentials artist: a consummate shapeshifter, rock star, and genius innovator. No artist defined the restless progression and mutability of music over the past five decades quite like Bowie, who would have turned 73 on January 8, 2020.
David Bowie (AP Photo/Jacques Boissinot)
Read more about David Bowie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Honoured Artist of USSR (1976). In 1936 graduated from the Tashkent Art College. A veteran of the World War II. In 1950 graduated from the Moscow Art Institute named after Surikov. Since 1950 - a member of the National Union of Artists. Exhibited since 1951. During 1950-1953 taught in the Crimean Art College. His works are in private and museum collections in Ukraine, Russia and Europe.


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Informative about Microsoft Dynamics ERP Software. It concludes that Microsoft Dynamic ERP has different versions based on industry specification. Which software is relevant for Education Industry?


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Pico, the Azores: a rare vertical of Czar Licoroso
Fortunato Duarte Garcia
Today I'm off to Oporto to Simplesmente Vinho, a terrific annual artisanal wine fair. But it doesn't get more artisanal than Adega Czar, whom I visited at the beginning of this month at the invitation of Fortunato Duarte Garcia.
The occasion? Garcia's first vertical tasting of Adega Czar Vinho Licoroso. A tasting which is unlikely to be repeated, because he has very few bottles of the older wines. My picks? In order of preference the outstanding 1992 and impressive 1970, followed by the 2006, 2011, 1974/75, 2009.
Licoroso wines – a late harvest or fortified style with a minimum of 16% alcohol by volume – have a long tradition on the island. They were produced in considerable volume in the 18th and 19th century, when they were successfully traded overseas, especially to the USA, Europe and Russia. According to Garcia, there is a reference to the island's wine in Tolstoy's 'War & Peace' (a point to verify when I have a moment!) and on the menu for a Banquete Grão Mestre Ordem de Malta from 1797, which mentions two styles of licoroso – Pico Secco (dry) and Pico Amoroso (sweet). He believes that, originally, either style would have been unfortified and, only recently have they been fortified (though views differ).
Faial built its wealth on a harbour which could service the trans-Atlantic trading ships
In 1850, mildew and oidium then, in 1872, phylloxera devastated the fretwork of walled vineyards which dominate Pico's western coastline. Largely phylloxera-resistant American vines were planted instead of Arinto dos Acores, Terrantez do Pico and Verdelho – the quality vitis vinifera grapes which had made the island's acclaimed licorosos. Unlike Madeira, Pico's wine industry never recovered from this triple whammy. Garcia speculates it is because, being based on the island of Faial, not Pico, the vineyards' original owners – wealthy merchants – were divorced from the land and did not have the same emotional connection with it.
Instead, those Pico islanders who had tended the vineyards looked to the surrounding ocean's oil-rich resource of sperm whales for income. Vineyards and the licoroso tradition were neglected as barrels of whale oil, not wine, became the island's stock in trade. In fact, Garcia's grandfather was a whaler and owned 15% of the whale factory (now whaling museum) in São Roque (pictured).
From whales to wine
Czar's founder José Duarte Garcia
Garcia's father, José Duarte, lasted just a month at the whale factory. He preferred to study and became a teacher. Like most islanders, he made table wine on the side for family and friends. The shift to making licoroso wine came about in the 1960s, after José Duarte was offered a two hectare vineyard in Criação Velha, (where he was teaching). Located close to the sizeable town of Madalena, Criação Velha has among Pico's oldest surviving vines. He paid 1000 escudos for it – around five Euros in today's money. The way Fortunato presents it, the neighbour pestered his father to buy it because he knew his offspring wouldn't take care of it. Mentored by the previous owner (and armed with some winemaking books), José Duarte then started to make licoroso wine from the Criação Velha vineyard.
Criação Velha above the vineyards; below is the Atlantic
Originally, nothing was bottled, though Fortunato has one of the 5 litre jugs that his father saved for each of his three children. Pointing to "a very strong tradition of adega dinner parties," Fortunato observed "most of the wine that he produced was drank with his family and friends." But after José Duarte read about the discovery of Pico wine in the last Czar's cellars, he decided that "Czar" would be the perfect name for his wine and, from 1970, bottled his licoroso under the Czar brand.
Garcia prepares our fish broth in the adega kitchen
Early bottles were re-purposed. Fortunato fondly recalled trawling the island's restaurants and bars on a hunt for enough bottles of the same shape each year. As you can see from the photo below, the tasting featured flute-shaped, Bordeaux and squatter Port bottles. Useful aide memoires about the year of production given that the vintage was not printed on labels until 2000 (though the young Garcia used to note the vintage on his own bottles). José Duarte sold to tourists and visitors to the island. However, because he was teaching full-time, he only had time to cultivate a little over half of the vineyard; winemaking was "more of a hobby than a business," said his son.
Fortunato started to make wine with his dad in 1989, after he finished university. He took over after his father passed away in 2007. As with his father (and many islanders), winemaking has remained a part-time job. In Fortunato's younger days, he was one of the island's two professional divers. Today, his 'proper' job is teaching information technology, though he has run bars and played in bands (and still).
Atlantic waves crash onto the rocks a stone's throw from Czar's vineyard
Over the years, the operation has become bigger and more professional. Production has grown because, around twenty years ago, they found a good worker who recuperated the rest of the original vineyard – the youngest part, closest to the ocean. Fully exposed to (and sometimes drenched by the Atlantic), Fortunato told me "we planted Arinto dos Açores because it is more resistant to the bad weather and the ocean mist."
Fortunato has since acquired another 1.3ha – two vineyards contiguous to the original two hectares and another one 500 metres away. He is trying to buy another two hectares (currently neglected and overgrown). With only 200 vines of Terrantez do Pico in the original plot, the producer is planting more because, he says, "it's our grape."
Neglected vineyards
Untrained in winemaking, Fortunato picked up about it on the job with his father and "learned a lot" visiting other Portuguese producers. Though he said"if it's completely natural [with no fortification or sulphur to halt the ferment], it is hard to find a line," he is strongly of the opinion that Pico Licoroso should be about "salt, acidity, and never too much sugar….they [Czar wines] all have lot of acidity and none a lot of sugar, with our grapes [Arinto dos Acores, Terrantez do Pico and Verdelho] in all of them."
A wine forged by the Atlantic
To qualify for DOP status, licoroso wines must be:
made from Verdelho, Arinto dos Açores or Terrantez do Pico (or a blend of all three)
have a minimum of 16% alcohol by volume; and
be aged for a minimum of 3 years in wood.
Maximum yields are 50hl/ha but good luck with that on Pico's poor soils and wind blasted vineyards! Garcia tells me his yields range from 5 to 10hl/ha, depending on the year. Producers must have a minimum of 5hl minimum of wine to certify.
As for Czar's production, Fortunato remembers that his father made 1000 bottles of the 2002 harvest. Prior to that year, it was only around a few hundred bottles. Today, he produces between 2000 to 3000 bottles per year.
Czar now has distributors on the islands of Faial, Terceira and São Miguel as well as on the mainland, in Lisbon and Porto. He sells directly to individuals in many other countries, mostly central Europe, but also Canada, USA and China.
"Afraid" he says "to wait for the grapes", most producers harvest at the beginning of September, whilst Garcia – who only makes licoroso wine – usually harvests after 15th September. Ideally, he is looking for a potential alcohol of 19 or 20%.
Garcia harvests in two stages. Since he is the last to harvest, he has no difficulty hiring the 20 pickers it takes to do this back-breaking work. First off the vine is the Terrantez do Pico and Verdelho, which are first to mature. Half of the fruit is raisins and the balance of grapes are already brown. The second harvest is to try and get more sugar content in the grapes, though there tends not to be much raisined fruit in the last pick.
In line with production, the adega is tiny. Behind the public space – a barrel cum tasting room (pictured) – it is readily apparent that Garcia is a man of many hats and hobbies. A small kitchen area attests to the adega dinner party culture. The fermentation/pressing area is home to a drum kit (Garcia is in a band). Fishing and diving kit abounds, including these fearsome crocodile jaw-like cutters (to behead conger eels which, I'm told, you don't want live on deck).
The grapes are pressed in a basket press, then naturally fermented before going to seasoned barrels of French oak (220l) and one 225l chesnut barrel. In the past, old Scotch Whisky barrels were used too (but they are no longer available on the island).
Since neither Fortunato nor his father ever fortified Czar, the resulting style (sweetness level) is simply a product of the vintage. It's why, he said, each vintage is different and, in some years (e,g, 2012, 2010) quality is not up to scratch for Czar. Fortunato is planning to make angelíca in weak harvests.
Once in barrel, Garcia does not top up. Initially, José Duarte aged the wines for one to two years in barrel, then three years. Since 2008, Fortunato has aged them for six years in barrel "because we noted that, with more years, the wine would gain richness in the nose and in flavor. I had good harvests in 2006 and 2007 which allowed me to delay the bottling of the 2008 and increase the years of aging."
Humidity is good (always around 70%) but the cellar is warm. The winemaker estimates that each barrel loses around 20-30 litres to evaporation – the so-called 'angel's share.' Since 2007, when he has used brand new clear bottles, Fortunato has cold settled the wines to precipitate tartrates.
Garcia is very proud that his wines are the only commercial examples on the island not to be fortified or sulphured to arrest the fermentation process. In fact, his principal motivation for the event was to demonstrate that non-fortified wines have the capacity to age – "they can hold themselves," he said. As you'll see from my note on the oldest example – the 1970 – Q.E.D.
Vis a vis residual sugar levels, Garcia advised that the 2004 had 58g/l and one of the barrels of the 2008 had 68g/l, but these would be at the top end of the sweetness spectrum. The typical range for pH is between 3.4 and 3.8, total acidity 6 to 7g/l, alcohol 18% to 19% abv and residual sugar 19 to 35g/l.
The wines were opened the day before the tasting to check for any faults, then re-stoppered. I asked Garcia how he would classify the wines adopting the old classifications of secco and amoroso. He replied "I would definitely say that the 2006, the 2000 and the 1990 are amoroso. The 1992 was close and the 1974 also, but they were dry as well as all the others."
Czar 2011 (barrel sample)
The first flight – marked colour differences indicate the variability of vintage
This barrel sample is a blend of Verdelho, Arinto dos Acores, Terrantez do Pico from a very good vintage. Garcia reckons he picked the first tranche of grapes on 16th September and the second on 23rd (when the balance had attained more sugar). It's a light tawny hue with green glints. A nuanced nose has notes of hops (floral), malt, tobacco, honey and smoke. Notes which follow through on a finely honed palate with a lovely backbone of acidity. When you think about the raisined grapes, this wine's delicacy, freshness and structure are deeply impressive. Going through, the acidity gathers momentum; the perception of freshness is heightened by a pronounced saltiness – sea salt flakes, I fancy, such is their piquancy and freshness with density – to borrow from John Szabo MS, "weightless gravity." Long, quite savoury and dry with penetrating acidity and salt and tobacco riffs which crash around the back palate. Garcia reckons this wine weighs in at a little over 18% and has "over 20g/l and almost certainly below 30g/l residual sugar." Very good.
Czar Verdelho, Arinto dos Acores, Terrantez do Pico Seco 2009 DOP Pico
An atypical (seco) licoroso wine with just 6g/l of residual sugar and 20.1% alcohol by volume. Quite something for an unfortified wine. The island's native yeasts would seem to be as stubborn and hardworking as its inhabitants! I tasted this wine with Garcia last October when it seemed more precise. Perhaps it's about the comparison with the 2011, whose delicacy stands out. The 2009 is a markedly deeper tawny hue, still with a green tinge. The alcohol makes for something of a powerhouse after the 2011 and I wonder if it leached more oak? I pick up notes of buttered popcorn, creamed corn, roasted nuts and a smokier quality. The alcohol is assertive, both in its drive, mouthfeel (bigger) and warmth. The saltiness is a constant, though here it is more savoury – positively kelpy. Powerful stuff. 20.1%
Czar Verdelho, Arinto dos Acores, Terrantez do Pico Meio Seco 2006 VLQPRD Pico
The 'L' in VLQPRD denotes a Licoroso wine (the DOP designation for quality wines came in from 2010). The 2006 is a bright, orangey amber hue with floral notes – jasmine, rice wine and wheatgerm – to nose and caramelised (still fresh) orange palate. With around 32-35g/l residual sugar the mouthfeel is rounder – gentler, even a little marrowy, but the saltiness creeps in going through and a gentle but persistent wash of pebbly acidity makes for a long, subtle finish with hints of tobacco. Lovely delicacy and persistence. 17.5%
Czar Verdelho, Arinto dos Acores 2000 VLQPRD Pico
Deep amber, quite beefy, a little green on the nose, with bone meal and mouldy orange peel notes which follow through on a savoury palate with fat chesnut, marrow fat peas, café crème and a smokiness that builds on the finish. The bone meal note blows off a bit when I go back to this wine part way through but, by the end of the tasting, this bouillon, smoky, umami character dominates. Drying out. 18.5%
Czar Genuno Verdelho 1998 VLQPRD Pico
Fortunato said that his father was forbidden from using the phrase Genuno. Rightly, I reckon, because though the island's licoroso's were labelled 'Pico Verdelho,' all three grapes were most likely used and Arinto dos Acores is by far and away Pico's dominant vitis vinifera variety. The '98 looks a little darker and browner than the 2000. It has a savoury, vegetal nose, again quite marrow and very smoky with that pronounced umami/bouillon character. This vintage is also markedly salty, with assertive mineral acidity and, going through, a woody, rancio note to the finish. Going back at the end, the bouillon character dominates, resulting in a dull, bitter, dry finish. 18.5%
A golden tawny hue with a delicate yet involving nose – perfumed and harmonious – with vegetal and lifted tobacco hints, a sense of fruit still (which was lacking in the 2000 & 98), together with a marked saltiness. In the mouth, it has a sweetness – caramelised oranges and a hint of spicy fruit chutney – which is deftly balanced and teased out by this wine's salty, rolling acidity. Delicate riffs of jasmine, camomile and tobacco add nuance and lift. Going back the harmoniousness and persistence impresses – a woody note which slightly marred the finish has gone, instead replaced by a lick of toasted almonds. Best of all, its sense of place shines through strongly thanks to its rock salt and kelp inflected lingering acidity. Terrific. 18.5%
The 90's flight
Again, sugar seems to act as the ultimate preservative, though I find this vintage a touch diffuse – much less structured or nuanced than the '92. It reveals a round nose and palate with caramelised oranges and a distinct salt caramel edge, though the finish has a more mineral saltiness. Going back at the end, a touch of varnishy, nutty oak comes through; still a little soft and sweet for me, which makes it a tad dull. But nonetheless, it is admirably preserved! 18.5%
An amber hue with lots of bouillon. But I also sense a tomato plant firmness ( greenness and structure) and (nose-tickling) bracing acidity. In the mouth, it is quite dry and sherried, with a dusty, impure finish. Drying out, one is left with the tomato plant stem and assertive acidity, which makes for a very austere palate. At the end, it has become more savoury and bitter. This bottle is past it.
Czar Genuno Verdelho early 80s? VLQPRD Pico
Between 1980-84, corks were covered with wax, which dates this bottle to the early 80s. A sweeter example, again better preserved for it, with traces of caramelised oranges, orange barely water (a light vegetal, hoppy note) and a saltiness, which pushes through and lends piquancy and life. The acidity is a steady hand at the tiller. This is a more consensual wine; a little soft and lacking structure for my palate. But still conversational.
Czar Pico Genuno Verdelho 1974/75? VLQPRD Pico
Last flight in the foreground – how pale is the 1970?!?
Bottled in a Port bottle with string to the capsules dates this to 1974/75, says Garcia. It's a bright tawny hue with an intriguing, complex nose and palate with layers of salt, citrus/dried herbs (lemon verbena?), caramelised oranges and maple syrup – in the sweeter, softer, amoroso spectrum but this vintage has the acidity to animate and extend the palate. At the end it is holding up very well, still with plenty of complexity and a smooth but not too smooth lemon and honey lozenge character. Very good.
Czar Genuno 1970 VLQPRD Pico
The gold capsule and, it might be said the gold standard! We were honoured to share this rare bottle – the first labelled Czar (Garcia has just 3 bottles left). It's a tawny hue with green glints. A salty nose initially has some less attractive varnishy wood and bonemeal notes. But these dissipate with time and air. In the mouth, it's as if the salty ocean – a.k.a. this wine's salty acidity – has cleansed the palate. It is very balanced, with a mineral purity and firmness – tomato plant greenness, but without the austerity or meaness. Rather, lingering tobacco and café crème notes bring lift and a delicate sweetness. Holding together and how! At the very end, it remained firm but balanced, still remarkably persistent.
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Azores wineCzar licorosoFortunato Duarte GarcialicorosoPicoPico winePortugal winePortuguese wine
Revisited: Sinapius, Tasmania
Rei dos Leitões e peixe?


text:
Corporate Recruiting In the 21st Century
Ronald Roachcmaadmin (EDU)
Minority-serving institutions have long been recognized as great sources of talent in the search for diverse and qualified candidates.
By Ronald Roach
Recruiting for diverse talent is a major priority in corporate America. At a time when employee recruiting is being transformed by the Internet and other technologies, corporate recruiters and campus career services professionals share the belief that college and university campuses represent the most important source for diverse talent. Within the literature on diversity recruiting, as well as what conventional wisdom prescribes, colleges and universities are touted for their diverse populations.
"The very nature of universities is that they are a diverse pool of people. Universities are the best source for diverse candidates," says Bill Craib, a senior director at the Human Capital Institute, an educational and consulting organization that provides advice to companies and their recruiting professionals on attracting and managing talent.
Those in the corporate recruiting community say minority-serving institutions, such as historically Black colleges and universities and Hispanic-Serving Institutions, are highly valued because they are perceived as quality sources of minority talent. Those urban public universities with significant minority numbers, whether Asian American, Black or Hispanic, also rank high with recruiters.
"It's well understood that minority-serving schools are excellent places to find diverse talent. Informed recruiters are attuned to what these institutions have to offer," Craib says.
Students at Howard University, a private historically Black university in Washington D.C., benefit considerably from the corporate push for diverse talent. Prior to 2001, the university's career services office used to host one job fair, which attracted about 130 organizations. Now, the university hosts fairs in the fall and the spring, drawing 170 and 140 organizations, respectively, says director Kim R. Wells.
"It's clear that Howard has one of the best pools of African-American talent in the world," Wells says. "A lot of employers come with diversity as a priority, but not all. Some come to Howard simply because it has a talented pool of students. It's more than just diversity. They're looking at talent. Our students fit either category."
Celeste Robertson, the assistant director of the career center at Bowling Green State University in Ohio, says that with minority students making up 20 percent of the school's 20,000 undergraduates, employers say that they are looking for racial, ethnic and gender diversity among the students they'd like to reach and consider for employment.
"Saying that diversity is important to their companies is something we hear a lot from employers. They come to us seeking diverse talent," Robertson says.
Recruiting in the 21st Century
Whether at a minority-serving institution, an urban public university or a majority White school where there's modest racial and ethnic diversity, the career services field has been a growing arena for higher education institutions, according to professionals in the field. When Angela Walker began working at Georgia State University 16 years ago, the university's career services office was known as the Placement Office. It had just six employees and focused mostly on juniors, seniors and graduate students. Today, it has 11 employees, says Walker, the office's acting director.
She says there has been a shift away from an exclusive focus on upper-level students. Today, the office provides programming for undergraduates at all levels. For instance, GSU has begun programs for freshman and sophomore students that stress skills like résumé writing and job interview techniques.
The rise of the Internet has also changed the field of career services, says Walker. Much of the job search process, from writing résumés to coordinating job interviews, is handled over the Internet, requiring students to be proactive and savvy about using computers.
"Technology has really allowed us to communicate more effectively with the employers and our students," Walker says. "We can do all of our business on these new systems."
Walker believes there's a greater recognition among career services professionals that their work can improve an institution's overall ability to retain students. With that recognition, the career service office at GSU has undertaken steps to improve its operations based on having students report how much they are learning and benefiting from career services programs.
"Career services [are] part of student retention. It's been shown that when you get students involved with career services they stay in college longer," she says.
Students are savvier now than they were just five years ago, says Howard's Wells. "Freshmen know they have to have internships," he says, noting that students attend a required career services orientation session during the first week of freshman year.
Wells says he has also seen a revolution among how firms position themselves to work with both schools and individual students. Just as career services offices have expanded their offerings to better serve first- and second-year students, companies have moved towards getting involved with potential hires at the earliest stages of students' academic careers. This trend has occurred because the competition for talent has increased, he says.
"It's important that employers spend time with freshmen and sophomores. There are a growing number of organizations that are engaging students in competitions and activities," he says.
The old practice of an employer leaving flyers at a campus and hoping for a response is ineffective in the current climate, Wells says. For employers to successfully recruit quality students, they must work to build a relationship that also benefits the university and the students.
"Dropping flyers from 40,000 feet just does not work. What works with students is trust and being committed to a form of partnership," he says. "Students are not just looking at a job.
They're looking at careers and lifestyles. They're looking for the complete package."
Craib, at the Human Capital Institute, says recruiters are looking for specific and highly targeted ways to attract minority and female recruits to the companies they represent. It's not uncommon for organizations to seek campus meetings and sponsor activities with groups, such as a National Society of Black Engineers chapter, at a given university. Other special initiatives include the growing sponsorship of contests, such as business case studies and engineering and computer programming competitions.
"Recruiters know that it's not always the person with whom they've made contact they'll hire, but rather it's someone that person knows that they'll recruit," Craib says.
For their part, schools have also been willing to participate in and develop special initiatives that match their students with companies who are seeking diverse talent. Bowling Green, for example, has developed the Multicultural Career Institute. Under Robertson's direction, the institute has evolved from a program that targeted only Black students to one that prepares students of all backgrounds to work in culturally diverse environments.
Over the past four years, roughly 40 sophomores a year participated in the institute, which taught students how to work in culturally, ethnically and racially diverse teams. The students also learn traditional job search and professional etiquette skills. This academic year, as many as 120 students will participate in the institute, says Robertson.
"There's considerable interest in this program because students know they'll be working in diverse settings," she says. "Our institute will get Black students from Detroit interacting with White students from small Ohio towns where there's no racial diversity, and they learn how to work with one another and to respect their cultural differences."
Individual academic departments are also undertaking initiatives to link companies with diverse student talent. Careers services divisions are popping up at business schools across the country, for instance. Career service professionals say it's a growing trend and one that allows the business schools to cultivate unique relationships with corporate partners.
One well-known example has been the college of business at historically Black Florida A&M University, where legendary former dean Dr. Sybil Mobley established a national reputation for the high quality of undergraduate business education. Mobley attracted the interest and support of the nation's most prestigious companies during the 1980s and 1990s, resulting in hundreds of FAMU business students going on to careers in Fortune 500 companies and top-tier investment banking firms.
This decade, minority-serving schools and public urban universities remain eager to partner with corporations. In recent years, Tennessee State University, a historically Black university in Nashville, has pioneered one of the country's few supply chain management education programs among business schools.
A newly emerging field, supply chain management encompasses the strategy through which goods are developed, produced, distributed and purchased in wholesale and retail markets.
By allowing companies to develop their products with materials and manufacturing processes spread across multiple countries, supply chain management is one of the fastest growing business sectors in the world.
Lisa Smith, the director of public service at TSU's business school, says the supply chain program was developed in cooperation with companies, such as Dell Computers, Corning Glass and Lexmark International. In two years of operation, the program currently has more than 30 undergraduate business students and several graduate students pursuing the supply chain management major.
Program supporters say the program has helped make TSU a reliable source of minority talent for corporations.
"We have students who've been in internships and now entering their senior year and they already have job offers," Smith says.
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Compared with many countries, the UK has not done badly in developing renewable energy: so why is it now such a struggle getting new projects off the ground? And what can be done to improve things? Duncan Oswald, Senior Consultant at independent environmental consultant Eunomia, looks at the challenges and solutions for the sector.
In the last ten years the UK has decarbonised its electricity grid more than any other country. Greenhouse gas emissions per kWh of electricity generated have halved, dropping from around 500g to approximately 250g. However, much of this is the result of coal being replaced by gas, with only a modest contribution from renewables. Data from the Digest of UK Energy Statistics (DUKES) below shows the dramatic reduction in coal use in the past few years, and the modest contribution from renewables.
In 2017, 81.1% of UK electricity was generated by the big three power sources: coal (10.5%), gas (41.9%) and nuclear (28.6%). Renewables in the broadest sense accounted for only 14.5%: wind (6.7%), bioenergy (6.6%), hydro (0.7%) and solar (0.5%).
The UK is facing a shortfall in electricity generation capacity. The demise of coal will continue as the EUETS carbon price makes it increasingly expensive. Meanwhile, the UK's ageing nuclear power fleet is slated for decommissioning by 2035. The UK's commitment to the Paris Agreement means that gas cannot be used to fill the gap and there are significant questions over whether adding more bioenergy would be beneficial. Given the climate in the UK, most of the energy needed will have to come from wind.
In the last ten years, wind generation in the UK has grown from almost nothing to a situation where you're never far away from a wind farm. More importantly, wind is now contributing around 41TWh/yr to the country's electricity generation. However, even if there were no increase in electricity consumption over the next ten years, the UK would need to add more than three times this level of development to make up the projected shortfall. Despite the UK's early leadership in this area, it is crucial that we step up our action to ensure we can make up the difference in time.
Analysis presented in a recent Eunomia report based on the BEIS Renewable Energy Planning Database shows a dramatic drop-off in renewable energy projects, including wind, as a result of policies implemented between 2012 and 2016. These include a de facto ban on planning permission for onshore wind and the precipitous removal of the Renewable Obligation (RO) scheme to avoid breaching the Levy Control Framework, designed to control the costs of supporting low carbon electricity. As a result, development of the cheapest form of renewable energy – onshore wind – has stopped, and new offshore wind projects have slowed to a trickle. Meanwhile, even though UK climate commitments require us to leave fossil fuels in the ground, the UK's "Maximising Economic Recovery Strategy" insists that we wring out every last drop.
The turn away from wind power doesn't reflect popular sentiment. The latest (November 2018) report of the UK Government's own regular Energy and Climate Change Public Attitude Tracker shows that 80% of respondents support renewable energy. 66% said they would be happy to have a large-scale renewable development in their area. With onshore wind the cheapest form of energy generation – not just the cheapest renewable – it seems like an obvious area for the government to invest in and support. Instead, they are preventing developments that would be widely supported and could go ahead with little or no subsidy.
It used to be the case that North Sea oil and gas were net contributors to Treasury coffers so, while it might have been short-sighted, it was at least comprehensible that the sector was supported. However, this is no longer true. Whatever the arguments for supporting the fossil fuel industry, there remains a political imperative to keep domestic and industrial energy bills down but it is unclear how distorting the market against the most popular, cost-effective and benign generation technology helps.
The shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy that we need is hampered by distortions in regulation and finance. The oil and gas sector is regulated to ensure that production is maximised, and subsidised to make it more competitive. The renewables sector is hamstrung by planning policy, receives considerably less financial support and has been damaged by inconsistent policy. However, the solution to all these problems is within easy reach.
Simply providing a level playing field would be enough to unleash the potential of the renewable sector. This could be readily achieved by removing subsidies from both (providing a welcome boost to the Treasury) and granting a presumption in favour of development to any site that is suitable for renewable energy (where there is no strong, demonstrable argument against it, such as the preservation of rare species and habitats).
These are cheap, popular actions that we can take right now that would put the renewable energy sector back on track to help the UK achieve its decarbonisation goals.
Duncan Oswald is a Chartered Environmentalist and Fellow of the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment, ESOS Lead Energy Assessor and registered Environmental Auditor with 25 years' experience in environmental consultancy. Duncan has worked with both public and private sector clients including UK public sector bodies and programmes such as Envirowise, Scottish Enterprise, HIE and Zero Waste Scotland, as well as a wide range of private sector companies, the Scottish Government, and a wide range of local authorities.
The government has announced a £1.5million fund to revitalise Welsh town centres.
Over 15,000 tonnes of concrete were removed from site.
Cargill commissioned ASAP Fire and Bryland Fire to design, supply and install a new system.


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Home » The Monarchist » House of Romanovs: Peter I
House of Romanovs: Peter I
February 8, 1725, died Peter I the Great – the last King of all Russia and the first Russian Emperor (from 1721) of the Romanov dynasty (since 1682).
Peter was proclaimed king in 1682 at the age of 10, began to rule yourself with 1689. From a young age showed interest in the sciences and foreign way of life.
Peter was the first Russian King who made a long journey to Western Europe (1697-1698 years). On his return from them, in 1698, Peter launched a massive reform of the Russian state and social order. One of the main achievements of Peter was the solution of the problem in the XVI century: expanding areas of Russia in the Baltic region after the victory in the Great Northern War, which allowed him to take the title in 1721, the first emperor of the Russian Empire.
On that day, February 8, 1725, at four o'clock in the morning, seriously ill, Peter I demanded paper, began to write, but the pen fell from his hands. Could only make out a few words:
"Give everything …"
Who bequeathed all the first Russian emperor – remained a mystery. Historians still express their assumptions.
The first Russian emperor died at 52 years old, without leaving a will … Perhaps one of the most striking characteristics of the acts and apt gave Peter Michael Pogodin:
"We wake up, it's time to dress up – our dress sewn on a style foreign, this Peter. Cloth woven at the factory, which he started, with tonsured hair sheep, whom he divorced … All things will remind you of it. Some people put Peter in use others brought to his ship, its harbor, on his way. at dinner all meals – from salted herring to wine, they divorced – will tell you about Peter. go to visit – it's the old Peter Assembly. See you there ladies – it is thanks to him that they were made in the company of men. book gets in your eyes – he came up with this font and even the carved letters. Will the newspaper – and they began to Peter the Great … "
READ: The Russian emperor-martyr
Peter I was one of the most prominent statesmen, determine the direction of development of Russia in the XVIII century.
Eighteen most distinguished national flags with…
July 30. Day in the history
Diary of Nicholas II
Decree of the marriage of Princess Tatiana Konstantinovna
Day in history December 22
Current questions of a new meeting of the Government
Birthday of Emperor Alexander III
Adoption of Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich the imperial dignity
30 December day in history
29 of December day in history
Wilhelm II
Union of Russian People: Pavel Fedorovich Bulatsel
THE UNION OF THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE: Alexander Rimsky-Korsakov
The Serbian monarchy: Peter I Karadjordjevic
The Russian historian, the monarchist Vladimir Lavrov about renunciation of the Sovereign Nicholas II
The Romanov Dynasty
Strange royal laws
Russian science: Sofia Kovalevskaya
Start the Romanov dynasty
RUSSIAN HARBIN
Russian scientists: Nikolay Nikolaevich Miklukho-Maklai


Rich and Jim work through a little edged weapon defense, and Jim raves over the new Ruger Gunsite Scout, which is everything Jeff Cooper wanted in the design. Rich and Jim run through the often rarely discussed points of using a rifle in close quarter situations. Finally Rich, Jim, and Jessica get their war faces on as they tear through The Site's Jungle Run in this week's competition, 'Going Commando'.


Everyone has unique goals that motivate their fitness habits. However, whether your goal is to lose weight, run faster, improve your health, feel better, or simply look better, everyone should add some sort of strength training to their fitness regiment. I know it can seem intimidating at first, but you don't need any equipment to get started and we have plenty of tools to teach you how to get a fast and effective strength training workout (even in your own home).
Let's start with the goal of improving your physique. It's the most common starting point for a lot of people and there's absolutely nothing wrong with wanting to be the best looking version of you that you can be. Lots of people start with cardio or diet to improve their looks, and while it will help you get rid of extra fat, it's not going to reshape your body. I always tell my strength-training-averse clients that if you don't mix resistance training into your fitness plan, you'll look exactly the same as you do now, only smaller. Stronger muscles are what put all the right curves in all the right places (for both women and men). We naturally respond to muscles. We see muscles on others as a sign of strength, health, and vitality. I'm not talking about crazy body builder muscles, I mean the increased muscle mass our bodies were designed to hold with a little bit of effort. Everyone has a different potential for muscle growth, but anyone can grow enough to shape their own bodies into their best possible versions.
One of the big reasons why we gain fat as we age is because we tend to lose muscle. Muscle is the engine that makes our body move and more muscles mean more fuel is needed each day. In contrast, as you lose muscle, your daily required calories drop and the excess energy you eat is simply stored as fat. You can reverse this trend with a little extra muscle.
People tend to improve their strength quickly in the early phases of a new resistance program. It's not because they suddenly grow a bunch of new muscle fibers (that takes time), but rather it's because their bodies quickly adapt to use their muscles more effectively. Not only does your body become better at coordinating different muscle groups to work together, but it gets better at recruiting more muscles fibers within each muscle. Like I've said before, our bodies are lazy (efficient). They like to use as little energy as possible to make sure we don't starve to death in our "food-scarce environment." One of the ways it does this is by contracting just a small portion of the fibers in each muscle. This keeps the energy burn low and also leaves some fibers waiting as back up in case the active ones get too tired. The problem is our lazy bodies eventually forget how to use them all together to really move some weight (like our own bodies). This retraining of muscle fibers improves your strength, coordination, and balance. Your body learns to work together better as a cohesive whole. It can improve your performance in nearly any sport and for the aging population, it can decrease your risk of falls by as much as 40 percent.
All that improved strength, coordination, and balance makes the little activities of daily life (getting in and out of chairs, walking up and down stairs, picking things up off the floor, playing with your kids, and on and on) so much easier. As I said above, our bodies are lazy and encourage us to move as little as possible. Unfortunately, just as the muscles immobilized in a cast will atrophy and shrink when you break a bone, inactivity will cause you to get weaker. As we get weaker, simple things become harder to do. In response, our bodies encourage us to do less and less of those simple tasks which then makes us even weaker. It's a vicious cycle that a lot of people fall into without ever realizing it. Inactivity is a killer and weak muscles will make you far more likely to sit more and move less. Your subconscious can be a powerful de-motivator, but strong muscles silence that nagging little voice in your head that tells you to sit down and not get back up.
Inactivity not only weakens our muscles, but our bones as well. Conversely, exercise strengthens both muscle and bone. There is plenty of evidence to show that higher impact activities like running and jumping strengthen bones and prevent osteoporosis, but low-impact strength training can also help. a recent study discovered that muscle contractions during strength training released a signaling molecule called irisin. This myokine stimulates the nearby bones to strengthen in order to support the increased muscle mass. We've long known that resistance training strengthens bone, but we never knew why. Ultimately it makes sense for your body to strength both in response to exercise or we would all be snapping our own bones every time we hit the gym.
Your muscles support and protect your joints. As we get weaker, more and more force is applied to the joints during simple movements causing pain (and possibly injury). Strengthening your joints' support structure removes a great deal of joint strain and slowly helps those constant aches and pains fade away. Resistance training also improves your pain tolerance which means even before those pains fade away, they will be less bothersome.
Your blood vessels are actually composed of a type of muscle called smooth muscle. Unlike skeletal muscle, you do not have any voluntary control over it, but it is still designed to contract and relax to aid in certain bodily functions, like controlling blood pressure. People get chronic high blood pressure when the smooth muscle in their blood vessels loses it's ability to contract or relax. They ultimately become stiff and increased blood flow from the heart causes unsafe amounts of pressure.
Ironically, exercise helps fix this problem by temporarily causing high blood pressure. The pressure during exercise can be 10 to 15 times higher than it is when your muscles are resting. Dealing with this increased blood flow keeps the blood vessels elastic and healthy as they expand to allow more blood through to working muscles, and contract to direct blood away from unessential systems like your digestive tract. Adding resistance training to your fitness regiment can reduce your resting blood pressure and keep your blood vessels healthy.
Sugar is an important fuel source for our cells, but having it linger in your blood vessels too long causes problems. A small percentage of the sugar floating around in your bloodstream bonds to your blood cells and gets stuck there until the cell dies and is replaced 3 months later. If the amount of sugar floating in your blood is too high for too long on too many occasions, you can eventually build up a rough sandpaper like shell on top of your blood vessels. This sandpaper then courses through your body, shredding blood vessels and capillaries as it goes. This is what diabetes is, but even healthy-looking people can become pre-diabetic as they thicken the candy shell on their blood cells with too much sugar.
Insulin is the primary hormone that pulls sugar out of the bloodstream, but too much sugar in your system can cause you to become insulin resistant. Your cells basically ignore the signals from insulin and just leave all the excess sugar floating around in your system. Resistance training, however, improves your insulin sensitivity by removing sugar from the blood through another mechanism. Without getting too technical, insulin causes your muscle cells to grab sugar from the bloodstream and pull it into the cell. Resistance training triggers this same response from active muscle cells without the need for insulin. So not only are you pulling more sugar out of your system, but the absence of insulin means your cells will be more receptive to its signal in the future and any sugar you do consume right after strength training won't put you into fat-storage mode. That's why I frequently recommended carbs after your workouts (even for those trying to lose weight) during our Fueling Workouts series.
Diabetes is one of the dangers of too much sugar. Another common ailment is fatty liver disease. While most sugars trigger an insulin release, fructose in the ubiquitous high-fructose corn syrup does not. It is processed instead in the liver into glycogen if needed or fat if the glycogen levels in your muscles are topped off (which they typically are in almost everyone). A lot of this manufactured fat stays in the liver causing damage and eventually leading to cirrhosis and liver failure. Fatty liver disease has actually replaced alcoholism as the leading cause of liver damage and liver transplants. A recent study found that resistance training 3 days a week reduced the amount of fat stored in the liver even when the participants' overall body weight did not decrease. They found that cholesterol levels were reduced by resistance training as well. Even when you can't see the difference yet on the outside, resistance training reverses a great deal of damage inside your body that can help to significantly extend your life.
If you're wary to get into strength training, start small with any of our Easy Series of apps. They're quick, effective, and can be done with a limited amount of equipment (or none at all). For best results, rest the muscles you worked at least a day before exercising them again. Resistance training actually causes microscopic tears in the muscle fibers. Your body then heals these tears and builds more muscle fiber as an adaptation to prevent this from happening in the future. The takeaway here is that you have to heal. If you work the same muscles over and over each day, then all you're doing is breaking them down without giving you body a chance to build them back up. You don't need to rest completely the next day, but you should do something else. So if you worked your lower body one day, try working your upper body the next day. If you do your whole body one day, do cardio the next day instead. Give it a try and remember, we're here to answer any questions you may have. Just email us at support@lolofit.com or post your questions here in the comment section.


WHY ? : Surgical suture, holding body tissue together after an injury or surgery, is a complex product. The thread can be surface treated or coated for a number of reasons. One of them is to facilitate the insertion through tissue, the other to hold the knots tightly. Friction of the suture over skin, is thus important to control. Measuring skin-suture friction allows improvement of these threads and their surface treatment.
HOW ? : With the high precision friction tester Basalt-N2, it's possible to measure the friction between small components under relatively light loads, and with a very high precision. The sutures are used as-is, and tightened by a support. The skin is simulated in these tests by silicone elastomer, but other skin replica or even real skin can be used. Only a very small amount of skin is needed for these tests.
With this setup, it is now very easy to measure the influence of many parameters : humidity, temperature, effects of different suture, influence of tension on the contact ('load'), durability, repeatability, etc.
- The setup to test sliding friction between a suture and a skin replica, or skin sample is demonstrated.
- Very repeatable friction measurements on the same type of suture can be demonstrated, making the method suitable for quality control and development.
- Differences in coefficient of friction are small but can be distinguished reliably thanks to the precision of the instrument and the ease of doing repeat tests.
- Optimisation of the friction of sutures for different tissue types can be done, statistical data are easy to collect.
WHY ? : Air conditioner compressor fluids have to prevent friction and wear under elevated gas pressure. Standard Pin&Vee Block tests with gas 'bubbling' through the lubricant do not correlate with field behaviour, especially with CO2 as the cooling medium. Another simulation with pressurized gas is needed. We selected the Falex Block on Ring configuration, as it also recreates the line contacts and is able to work at higher speed than the Pin&Vee block machine.
HOW ? : Our Falex Block on Ring machine allows pressurizing the lubricant chamber with a gas, up to 10 bar. Standard block-on-ring tests are done with and without pressure on the dissolved gas. Tests with increasing contact loads (EP) and tests with constant load (Anti-wear) are done.
- A sudden loss of lubricity in the CO2 pressurized oil bath can be measured. Block temperature increases suddenly at 70°C, while lubricant temperature decreases, which indicates that CO2 bubbles are forming in the interface between block and ring. This phenomenon is only seen when the gas is dissolved under pressure in the lubricant.
- This leads to poor lubrication and increased wear. Thanks to right additives, this bifurcation can be eliminated and wear prevention can be significantly improved under pressurized conditions.
WHY ? : Examples of corrosion are found in many industrial applications ranging from aeronautical, automotive, naval, and the construction industry over home appliances, water systems, pipelines, and 'bio' applications. Corrosion phenomena can be significantly accelerated by the simultaneous occurrence of a mechanical load on the surface: the formation of cracks and surface defects, along with surface strain and stress fields lead to faster diffusion of corrosive ions or the destruction of protective layers (depassivation). Thus there is a need to understand the synergy between wear and corrosion.
HOW ? : An electrochemical cell was implemented in the Basalt-N2 tribometer. This setup allows for a fast and accurate measurement of the frictional behaviour of materials under various environments, whereas it is flexible and versatile in loading range (depending on the selecting cantilevers, load can range from 0.2 mN up to 100 N) and different contact geometries (point, line, area contacts) can be used. In this way both the tribological and electrochemical properties can be monitored and correlated.
- The influence of wear on corrosion mechanisms, and vice versa, can be investigated.
- Mechanical loading and shearing or rupture of the passivating layer accelerate corrosion (seen as sudden drop of the open circuit potential).
- Corrosion processes can change the surface of the material (formation of oxides, hydroxides) and influence its frictional behavior.
- In the majority of cases, the synergism between corrosion and mechanical loading accelerates wear processes but in some cases the synergy may be positive.
WHY ? : the standard method for evaluating anti-wear of hydraulic fluids in a vane pump, is by the 100 hour ASTM or 250 hour ISO method, using a real Conestoga-built vane pump. This method takes a long time to run, and requires a lot of fluid. This makes it difficult to use the method for development or research.
Various lab or bench test methods have been evaluted as a prescreening method, but none of them have shown any satisfactory correlation with real pump wear, so far (as clearly proven by the review of G.E. Totten 1996, Prediction of Hydraulic Fluid Performance: Bench Test Modeling, Dr: George E. Totten, Union Carbide Corp. Roland J. Bishop, Jr., Union Carbide Corp. Gary H. Kling, Caterpillar Inc. Presented at the International Fluid Power Exposition@ and Technical Conference 23-25 April 1996). Recent attempts to correlate an SRV based test have also failed the correlation test.
HOW ? : We have studied the wear mechanism that takes place in a vane pump, and with the help of some special test specimens - designed for the Falex Multispecimen machine - recreated the vane contact vs. ring conditions, and the pressure pulses created by the inlet and outlet ports. By using these custom specimens and a recirculating oil system, we can run a wear test with similar test conditions, in 22 to 44 hours. By careful experimental design, we can run the test without creating excessive heat or catastrophic failure, so we focus on simulating the normal working conditions of a vane pump.
Take advantage of the use of nano-particles for production of composite coatings with superior properties compared to those of hard chromium produced by electroplating or to WC-Co produced by thermal spray.
PROCETS main target is to deliver protective coatings covering a wide range of applications such as automotive, aerospace, metal-working, oil and gas and cutting tools industries via thermal spray and electroplating methods by utilizing more environmental friendly materials, compared to the currently used. This will allow the replacement of the hazardous process of hard chromium plating and WC-Co coatings via thermal spray.
The development and exploitation of the technology as proposed by PROCETS project is based on a series of well-defined objectives. Apart from adherence to standards, a number of scalable methods and properties will be optimized, in order to provide the next generation of protective coatings that will enable the shift to more environmental friendly materials with enhanced properties.
The aim of ASPECT is to develop advanced simulations technology to account for temperature increase and adaptive control systems to adjust the machine settings during the start-up of the production line.
Top research capabilities on tribological simulations and process control are available in the Netherlands and Switzerland, while Germany, France and the Netherlands are hosting a high number of automotive, aerospace and consumer goods manufacturing lines.
new design capabilities for metal alloys and lubricants.
whole supply chain involved right from the project implementation phase.
The long term benefits: products with complex shapes and based on advanced materials; highly skilled jobs; customer satisfaction ensuring competitiveness of the industry.
One of the most widely used coatings in the world, is hard chrome as it exhibits unique properties that help prevent wear and corrosion. The annual cost of corrosion alone is estimated to account for 3.1% of the world's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Protective coatings help to reduce the cost of these deleterious mechanisms and thus are popular engineering solutions. However, hard chromium faces many problems: EU restrictions due to the use of hexavalent chromium; health issues for the plating industry personnel due to associated cancers; functional defects of the coatings; and, the low current efficiency in plating. There is therefore an urgent need to find an alternative which is the ultimate aim of this exciting new project.
Research for SMEs Associations aims at developing technical solutions to problems common to a large number of SMEs in specific industrial sectors or segments of the value chain, through research that could not be addressed under Research for SMEs. Projects must be driven by the SME associations, which are given the opportunity to subcontract research to RTD performers in order for them to acquire the necessary technological knowledge for their members. Projects must have clear exploitation potential and economic benefits for the SME members of the associations involved.
Practical Development of an Environmentally Friendly Antifouling Coating Material for use in Net.
In the brick production industry, components used for the processing equipment (mixing, molding, extrusion) suffer from abrasive wear by the clay slurries. Since this clay differs from site to site, the abrasion damage can differ also. With this method, we evaluate not only material wear resistance, but can also define the abrasivity of the clay.
Miller slurry abrasivity tests are performed according to ASTM G75, comparing the slurry abrasion-corrosion damage to materials from the production environment, where a clay slurry causes progressive wear.
The Miller test is appropriate to perform a repeatable and realistic wear process, consisting of the combination of abrasive particle wear and corrosive interactions in the presence of some water. The test method has been traditionally used to evaluate both slurry abrasivity (Miller Number) or material resistance against slurry abrasivity (SAR number) for applications such as pumps, materials in dredging, mining, etc.
Thanks to its specific design, the test machine creates a repeatable environment between the materials and the slurry, resulting in highly repeatable wear tests. The evolution of wear, and a convenient comparison of wear resistance of materials AND abrasivity of a slurry, can be measured in one series of experiments.
Clays are mixed with water and some additional ingredients to obtain a 'flowing' slurry, so that the contact is refreshed on each stroke. The metal parts are cut directly from the processing equipment, to use the as-produced hardmetal coating as the test piece.
Adapted Miller slurry tests are used to compare the abrasiveness of clay slurry with sand slurry or other clays.
There is some more variation in the wear results in clay, due to greater inhomogeneity of clay as a slurry.
Baseline information when changing the tool materials : will other materials resist the clay wear better ?
WHY ? : Abrasion and erosion mechanisms are quite different from each other, and can lead to very different material behaviour. For instance, a hard and brittle surface may be very resistant to abrasion, but sensitive to erosion under 90° impact.
- ASTM G65 describes the method to rub solid particles tangentially over a material. 'Dry sand rubber wheel abrasion'. ASTM G75 uses a similar motion, but reciprocating and in a wet slurry. But it's still abrasion.
- ASTM G76 on the contrary describes how to impact with a gas flow carried stream of particles on a surface under varying angles, between 90° perpendicular impact and 15°.
RESULT : ductile vs. brittle materials behave very differently, depending on the impact angle of particles, and by extension, depending on whether it's abrasive vs. erosive conditions.
WHY ? : In reality, due to a misalignment, vibrations or other reasons high speed pump rotors can come in contact with the stator, leading to a catastrophic failure. This failure is a result of severe shearing of the contacting surfaces. However, the existing ASTM Galling method (G 196), is performed at very high pressures and very low speeds, and does not simulate the "actual" conditions met at high speeds.
Seizure or galling can be a major issue in all types of threaded assemblies such as fasteners, turnbuckles, check valves, sterns, inserts and electrical connectors.
HOW ? : Falex Multispecimen machine which allows for high speeds and contact pressures. By using a stable a 3-pin on disk geometry, the examined materials can slide at high under high contact pressures, while the friction of the system is continuously monitored.
- By evaluating the changes in the evolution of the friction, the speed and/or load limits where galling occurs can be evaluated.
- Comparison of different materials under different galling conditions is possible.
WHY ? : Lubricating greases are used in various industrial fields ranging from food, transportation, aeronautical, construction, mining and steel industry. The aim is to decrease frictional forces and to protect industrial components from wear and/or corrosion damage. Their performance depends on interaction properties like adherence to the substrate, cohesion or consistency, and tackiness. However, up to date there is no established quantitative methodology that can be easily applied to efficiently and accurately evaluate the adhesion and tackiness of a grease.
HOW ? : A test procedure is established, based on approach-retraction curves, by using an upgraded TETRA Basalt-N2 micro-tribometer, with a Millinewton light load sensor. In this procedure a user selectable indenter body (ball, pin) gradually approaches the grease layer until they come into contact, then the indenter body keeps moving down until a pre-set contact load is reached. Then, the indenter body moves away from the greased substrate under well controlled conditions, until complete physical separation. During this approach-retraction cycle, the force on the load sensor is measured as a function of time and distance moved. This technique is the same as pull-off force experiments with an atomic force microscope for studying physical interactions.
- The approach-retraction methodology combined with the Basalt-N2 high precision sensor provide a useful tool that is capable of evaluating the pull-off force and tackiness of greases under variable conditions, depending on the industrial application.
- The ranking of different greases at variable conditions is possible. This will allow developers and end-users to differentiate between available greases and select the one that fits better to an application, whereas grease producing companies can quantitatively evaluate the quality of their products more easily.
The failure of the hip replacement is often a combination of tribocorrosion of the hip joint materials and inflammations due to wear particles in the body. A new methodology needs to be developed so as to allow for a fast prescreening of the reliability of new biomaterials, in conditions that simulate the actual conditions (e.g. environment, motion, contact pressure, countermaterial).
Based on the pioneering work of Dr. Vesa Saikko, using a circular translation pin-on-disk (CTPOD) we applied the method with our multistation machine (Phoenix Tribology). To simulate the actual contact, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) pins were used as counter materials, the materials under investigation are nano-composite coatings. The tribosystem is immersed in a 10% bovine calf serum (simulating body fluids). This test setup allows to run for up to 50 tests in parallel. After testing the weight loss of the UHMWPE and biomaterials was measured, whereas the surface morphology was evaluated by confocal microscopy.
Spread on wear values confirms the need for statistical (parallel) testing.
Repeatability of the wear resistance could be evaluated with a high confidence level.
The weight loss of the polyethylene counter material strongly depends on surface finishing (roughness) of the coating.
This methodology allows for a fast prescreening and ranking, in conditions that closely correlate to actual conditions. It is an essential tool for development and evaluation of new biomaterials.


This is it, the moment you've dreamed about has happened! The man you love has gotten down on one knee, popped the question, and you're suddenly sporting a brand-new piece of jewelry. Now that your status as a bride-to-be has been officially minted, how should you spread the news? Although social media makes it easy to broadcast your recent engagement to just about everyone you've ever met, you may want to consider who you'd like to tell in person and in what order you'd like to do so. Standard etiquette tradition is pretty universal on this point, so here's a breakdown of who to tell and in what order.
If you have children, they should be the first to know. Otherwise, parents and close family are usually the first to be told about a recent engagement. Getting married means that you're starting a family of your own, so the people who raised you and supported you most closely throughout your life until now deserve to be the first to hear this wonderful news.
Close friends, whether they be your BFFs or your godparents, should be told next before the news becomes public knowledge. Informing your close friends personally reflects how much you value their friendship and the role they play in your life. Also, if you're planning on asking any of your close friends to help with the wedding planning, telling them about your engagement in person can give you an idea of whether or not they'd like to be involved in the process.
Once you've told your nearest and dearest, feel free to post those Instagram pics and make the news a public affair. However, even after you've made a public announcement, you'll want to consider who else in your life may need a formal, in person, account of the news. For example, make sure your boss knows since you'll likely be needing time off work, and chances are he or she might not catch all your social media posts.
Getting married is a joyful occasion so give your family and close friends the chance to truly celebrate the moment fully with you by telling them your happy news in person. If you're unsure about exactly which friends and family members should be told before the general announcement, consider how you would feel if the roles were reversed and they were the one getting married. Now that you've made your decisions, it's time to break out the champagne and celebrate!


Meet your driver at Casablanca airport and transfer to Rabat, capital of Morocco. Rabat, known as the 'White City', owing to its whitewashed narrow streets, its beautiful houses with overhanging balconies and ornate doors of multicoloured mosaics. Rabat''s most famous landmark is the Tour Hassan, which overlooks the bridge to Sale. Overnight.
Breakfast. City tour of Rabat visiting the entrance to the royal palace, the impressive Mohammed V Mausoleum and Tour Hassan. Continue to Meknes and city tour with local guide including the Bab El Mansour Gate, Hari Souani stables and the old Medina. Arrival in Fes, the intellectual, religious and artistic capital of the kingdom. Overnight.
Breakfast. Early departure to Azrou, a Berber village known for it's handicraft cooperative. Continue via Midelt and the route carved by the Ziz River, passing many fortified villages to arrive in Erfoud. Optional: 4WD sunset excursion to the Merzougan sand dunes. Dinner and Overnight.
Breakfast. Drive to Tinerhir via Rissani to visit the ruins of Ksar Abbar. Departure along the Tinejdad road with its spectacular Kasbahs. Visit of the famous Todra Canyons. Continue to Ouarzazate via El Kelaa M'gouna and the most beautiful of all the valleys, the Dades valley. You will spend the next two nights in your lovely kasbah hotel at the edge of a lake, away from the hustle of the town. Overnight.
Breakfast. Tour of Ouarzazate including the Tourirt Kasbah, considered to be one of the most beautiful in Morocco and Tifoultout Kasbah with its remarkable views over the valley. Afternoon at leisure. Overnight.
Breakfast. Morning visit of Ait Ben Haddou. The village of Ait Ben-Haddou has one of the most exotic and best preserved kasbahs in the whole Atlas region. The town has been the setting for as many as 20 films, notably Lawrence of Arabia and Jesus of Nazareth. Much of the village was rebuilt for the filming of the movies. Continue on, crossing the High Atlas mountains via spectacular Tizi-n-Tichka pass to finally arrive in Marrakesh. Overnight.
Breakfast. Full day sightseeing tour of Marrakesh including the Koutoubia Minaret, Menara Gardens, Saadian Tombs and Bahia Palace. Explore the souks and the famous Djemaa El Fna Square with its array of food and entertainment including fire- eaters, fortune tellers and snake charmers. Optional: Dinner show at Ksar el Hamra. Overnight.
Breakfast. Morning at leisure before returning to Casablanca, the commercial capital of the country. Overnight.
Breakfast. After breakfast and check-out from your hotel, you will be transferred to the airport for departure to your next destination. End of services.


I really enjoyed this supplement. It gave me lots of great ideas for crafting a scary and exciting medusa lair. The author was also kind enough to send a (very cool) postcard thanking me for my purchase. I will definitely buy from him again!


A focus group assembled by pollster Frank Luntz after Thursday night's Fox News/Google-sponsored Republican presidential debate overwhelmingly chose former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney as the clear winner.
Members of the group, assembled for a special edition of Sean Hannity's show, labeled Romney as "presidential" and "Reaganesque" — and said Perry fared badly under attack.
Luntz asked the group what they thought of Perry's immigration policy, which came under attack from several of the nine candidates who took the stage in the debate. The pollster noted that Perry said those who don't support education for illegal immigrants lack compassion.
Luntz asked why so many of his group believed Romney won the debate, and why several had switched from supporting other candidates to now backing the former Massachusetts governor.
"I've been concerned about what he did with healthcare in Massachusetts, but he did say that his — one of his first things out the gate would be to repeal Obamacare, and so that made me feel better about where he stood on the issue," a woman said.


Samsung formally unveiled its 2012 TV lineup here last Tuesday, but despite all of the advanced new technologies, a lineup of new midline "direct-lit" LED LCD TVs may have the biggest impact on TV unit sales in the year ahead.
The new direct-lit LED TVs are part of Samsung's EH-model assortment, featuring screen sizes from 26 to 65 inches across four model series, all designed to give consumers a cost-effective alternative to lessenergy- efficient CCFL-based LCD TVs on mainstream selling floors.
Dave Das, Samsung TV product marketing VP, said the new direct-lit EH LED TVs will serve as a stepping stone between a narrowed assortment of entry CCFL models and higher performing Slim Line LED LCD TVs that use an edge-lighting approach that affords thinner panel depths and further improvements to picture performance.
All of the EH models will offer better power efficiency than their CCFL counterparts, as well as improved brightness and contrast, while offering roughly the same panel depth as those entry units.
Meanwhile, Samsung once again demonstrated the unusual speech/gesture/face-recognition control system, called Smart Interaction. It is included in the ES8000 and ES7500 LED/LCD TV series, as well as the PNE8000 plasma series. The system is controlled by new dual-core processors included in each set.
Smart Interaction will enable users to control simple set functions by speaking, moving their hands or showing themselves to the system's built-in cameras to activate, for example, a Facebook page.
A feature called Smart Evolution offers a CPU and memory module in a box on the back of the set, which will allow purchasers to upgrade their TVs to the latest features as they are developed through 2016. The pricing on the box was not disclosed.
The flagship LED line also features an ultra-slim One Design bezel, first introduced by Samsung in 2011, along with a new matching U-shape stand that makes the TV look almost weightless. The ES8000 will also be available in the 46-, 55- and 60-inch screen sizes with a 65-inch model coming later in the year.
Samsung will include Micro Dimming technology in a variety of levels this year, starting in the ES6600 Slim-LED models and higher. The step-up ES7500 has Micro Dimming Pro technology that is said to add color and detail enhancements to the image using video processing, while a Micro Dimming Ultimate feature in ES8000 series models will analyze the picture to optimize the LED backlight and video signal in real time.
As for 3D, Samsung said the feature is included in more than half of all 2012 models, and many ship with two pairs of activeshutter glasses, with higher-end models shipping with four pairs. Glasses will also sell separately at prices starting at $20.
The EH sets will be offered in the EH4000 series with 26- and 32-inch models; the EH5000 series with 32-, 37-, 40-, 46- and 50-inch models; the EH5300 series with 32-, 40- and 46-inch models and possibly a 50-inch model coming later in the year; and the EH6000 series featuring 40-, 46-, 50-, 55-, 60- and 65-inch models.
The EH5300 series and higher models include built-in Wi-Fi linking to the Samsung Smart Hub to easily access a wide range of apps or browse the web; it also supports Skype and Samsung DLNA-enabled AllShare technology.
The EH5300 offers a narrow bezel design and 1080p resolution.
All of the EH models use a so-called full array LED mounting system, where LEDs are positioned all the way across the LCD panel back plane. This has traditionally been positioned by Samsung and others as a superior form of LED technology. But Das said to reduce the price, the new sets use fewer LEDs than earlier full-array models. Samsung is not disclosing exactly how many LEDs or how many sectors of LEDs are employed.
Samsung said it has improved the technology on its edgelit LED LCD TVs so much that those models now outperform most full-array LED approaches, while delivering superior panel depth dimensions.
In plasma, Samsung is offering 16 models across seven series.
All plasma models will have Samsung's proprietary Real Black Filter, previously only available in premium models, to deliver improved black levels and color contrast. The higherend E6500, E7000 and E8000 models will incorporate new Real Black Pro technology that boosts black levels further.
The lineup includes the flagship Samsung plasma E8000, which features a new black bezel design with enhanced display technologies.
New features in select step-up models in the line include dualcore CPUs for quick app launching; integrated camera and noise-cancelling microphones in high-end models for voice/gesture/ face operation; Smart Evolution set-back box technology that will allow top-end models to be upgraded to newly advanced features as they are developed; AllShare Play DLNA capability with connectivity to Cloud storage for access inside and outside the home; a new Smart Touch remote; and Smart Wireless keyboard for more advanced input control.


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Gottlieb Daimler applies for a patent for his "grandfather clock" engine
Filed under: History | Technology
A comparatively light-weight, high-output four-stroke combustion engine and a key step on the way to the four-wheeled automobile.
The drive system is today the key to the modern automobile – just as it was in the pioneering days of motorisation. For this reason the engine with a single vertical cylinder – patented by Gottlieb Daimler on April 3, 1885 (German Patent DRP 34926) and nicknamed the "grandfather clock" for its distinctive appearance – has to be considered a key invention. Since at the time this comparatively compact and powerful engine put the vision of a vehicle powered without the use of horses tantalisingly within reach. And so it proved: in 1885 the two engineers fitted the "grandfather clock" first to a two-wheeler and then in 1886 to a four-wheeled motor carriage and a boat.
Groundbreaking invention: The four-stroke engine developed by Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach, nicknamed Grandfather Clock. The first unit ran successfully in 1884.
The history of the "grandfather clock" engine goes back to the year 1882, when Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach began work in Cannstatt on a light-weight, high-speed, four-stroke engine. But the ignition represented a major challenge if they were to achieve higher engine speeds and thus a higher output compared with previous combustion engines. Maybach first concentrated on this problem, working through countless patent specifications before finally coming across the Englishman Watson's uncontrolled hot-tube ignition system, which proved suitable for the high engine speeds they aspired to.
Once this hurdle had been overcome it was time to find the right principle of operation. Both men were already familiar with the concept of the four-stroke engine from their time working at Deutz. They chose this mode, knowing quite well that Otto's four-stroke patent DRP 532 was still valid. Since Otto's idea involved a layer-by-layer charging of the cylinder and slow combustion of the gas mixture, Daimler based his application for patent DRP 28022 among other things on the principles of explosive ignition and rapid combustion.
The experimental engine ran for the first time in 1883. With a displacement of roughly 100 cm³, it had an output of 0.18 kW at a sensational 600/min, significantly more than the usual 120/min for gas engines. Its key innovation was the hot-tube ignition system, which guaranteed a safe ignition and thereby made possible the desired increase in engine speed. The experimental engine was compact and light, and therefore suitable for use not just as a stationary engine, but also more importantly for mounting in vehicles. The essential design objectives had been met in this engine.
Creation of the "grandfather clock".
The improved version of the engine that followed saw it converted from a horizontal to a vertical position – the "grandfather clock". This engine formed the basis for the patent registration DRP 34926. The "grandfather clock" had an enclosed crankcase, on which stood the air-cooled cylinder. The intake valve, known as a "snifting valve", opened and closed automatically with the aid of vacuum pressure; the exhaust valve was operated by a curved groove control invented by Daimler, which also kept the revolutions in check.
The engine also featured for the first time the "floating" carburettor – better known today as the surface carburettor – developed by Maybach, which enabled the problem-free combustion of petrol. Although later abandoned, a piston crown valve that further assisted the charging was another feature of the engine. The single-cylinder engine weighed just 60 kilograms, had a displacement of 264 cm³ and developed an output of 0.37 kW at an engine speed of now 700/min – highly impressive figures for the day.
Daimler and Maybach initially installed the engine in a wooden two-wheeler, which served as the first test vehicle and simultaneously entered the history books as the world's first motorcycle. Power was transmitted from the engine belt pulley via a drive belt to the rear wheels. Two speeds were possible – 6 or 12 km/h – depending on the belt pulley selected. In November that same year Gottlieb Daimler's son Adolf had no problem completing the three-kilometre stretch from Cannstatt to Untertürkheim aboard this riding car – making it proof on wheels that this combustion engine could be used to power a road vehicle controlled by a human being.
During the course of 1886 an engine was mounted into a carriage frame – resulting in Daimler's fist automobile and the world's first four-wheeled motorised vehicle with petrol drive. From a displacement of 462 cm³, the improved and now air-cooled engine developed 0.81 kW at 650/min and had a maximum engine speed of 900/min. In addition, it was even lighter than the previous unit – weighing in at just 40 kilograms. The carriage involved was a dark blue "Americain" with red trim, black leather seats and a "lantern with permit", as was written in the delivery note from the Stuttgart carriage-builders Wimpf & Son dated summer 1886. The engine was mounted centrally ahead of the rear seat bench. In 1887 it was equipped with a water-cooled system.
In addition to the engine, what was radically new about this vehicle was the power transmission. Depending on the ratio selected, the engine's belt pulley drove pulleys of varying sizes on a throughdrive countershaft. Via sprockets on either side, these then drove the toothed gears mounted on the rear wheels. Instead of a differential a friction clutch was fitted on either side of the throughdrive countershaft.
This vehicle, known as the "motor carriage", attained a remarkable 16 kilometres per hour with its "grandfather clock" engine. And yet the excursions with the motor carriage were not publicly documented until the summer of 1888. What is interesting is that Daimler applied for a driving permit on 17 July 1888 for a "light four-seater chaise with a small engine". And with that, another innovation had been born – the world's first driving license.
Daimler finally applied for a patent for his "machine to drive the propeller shaft of a ship by either gas or petroleum-powered engine" on 9 October 1886 and found suitable occasions subsequently on which to present his boats equipped with this drive system. The greatest interest in this new source of propulsion was shown in Hamburg, where large numbers of marine engines were ordered from Daimler. With that, the triumphal march of the high-speed engine for use on water was on its way – and it would not be long before it also conquered the land.
(source: daimler)
Drawing of Daimlers internal-combustion engine with upright cylinder (grandfather clock).
The 0.8 kW Grandfather Clock powered Gottlieb Daimler' Äôs motorized carriage of 1886.
Pioneer: The four-stroke engine in Gottlieb Daimler' Äôs riding car proved the suitability of the high-speed internal combustion engine for propelling vehicles in 1885.
German Patent DRP 34926 for the engine with a single vertical cylinder' Äì patented by Gottlieb Daimler on April 3, 1885' Äì whose crank mechanism and flywheel were for the first time encased in a crankcase sealed against oil and dust. This configuration served as a model for all engine designers at a later stage.
Mercedes-Benz Official site
Mercedes-Benz Museum Official site.


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