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Galactic Civilizations III
Meaning of Borders in GalCiv III
peregrine23
June 2, 2014 12:19:04 AM from Galactic Civilizations III Forums
I recently started a thread about building starports outside of your own zone of control and it raised another question that I want to address without derailing the original thread:
What does zone of control mean in your eyes? To me there are 2 possibilities and conflating them causes some problems.
1) The represent political boundaries and function basically like national boundaries in present day society. This means that the controlling entity has the right to govern all the land and people within their borders. Everyone within the borders are subject to the laws and taxation of the government of the controlling body. Foreign commercial traffic is generally allowed, but may be taxed. Foreign military traffic is generally forbidden unless specific arrangements are made. Once an area is within a specific country's borders it can generally only be changed by military action or uprising by the people in that area. Of course those uprisings may be orchestrated by foreign powers (see Crimea).
2) They represent a sphere of influence. This is a much more nebulous idea, but again can certainly be seen in the modern world. In this conception, your zone of control is the area in which yours is the dominant culture. Within this area your country's arts, literature, media, and entertainment are pervasive, as is most likely your language. Through these outlets your ideology, values, and morals also come to be dominant. In extreme cases, especially if the government in an area has opposing values and ideology, this may result in popular uprisings. More commonly it reaps economic and political benefits: money flows into your country as other's consume your products, and local governments are more open to trade and other interactions.
One of the issues with the borders in GalCiv II is that these two distinct ideas get muddled. For the most part, the game mechanics seem to adhere to #2, though there are notable exceptions; but the map sure looks like a modern political map, suggesting #1.
I don't have a good answer. At first pass, political borders seem more clear and easier to deal with, especially when it comes to your internal narrative for your game. On the other hand, in a game where influence is an important force, influence borders can be super important, and often more significant than political borders.
What do you guys think? Should the borders in GalCiv III be politically or influence based or something else? What would you like Stardock to do to clarify what zone of control means in GalCIv III?
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Frogboy
Reply #26 June 9, 2014 9:35:07 PM
from Brad Wardell's Little Tiny Frogs
They're spheres of influence which different races, to varying degree,try to claim are also political borders.
Lucky_Jack
from Galactic Civilizations III Forums
Thanks for the official clarification, Brad.
Quoting Gaunathor,
Quoting Lucky Jack, reply 14These are NOT territorial borders.
Except when they are. To give you some examples, here are a few of the UP proposals in GalCiv 2:
AnomalyOwnership01
"Throughout the galaxy, we've discovered a vast number of oddities. While many of them have little worth, others have proven quite advantageous. With that in mind, we come together now to vote on allowing territorial ownership of anomalies. Under the new proposal vessels with survey capabilities will only be able to conduct research on spatial abnormalities that lie within either their own territory or unoccupied space."
StarbaseTax01
"In an effort to keep civilizations from exploiting the goodwill of other races, we will be voting on whether or not to enforce a tax on starbases residing in sectors not controlled by their empire. This law would last 3 years and hopefully keep our galaxy from becoming overcrowded with the mammoth structures. How much do you feel starbase owners should be taxed when occupying another race's territory?"
NeutralZones
"The foreign buildup of forces before declaring war is a dishonorable and cowardly tactic. By allowing this 'strategy' to be used, we're actively planting the seeds of suspicion and distrust amongst our neighbors.\nWe come together today to fight for a more trustworthy community. Following a declaration of war, all active warships on both sides will be forced into non-aggressive territory. The use of neutral ground will prevent the surprise attacks that too often follow the buildup of troops."
In all three cases the game uses influence borders in order to determine territorial borders. For example, if the AnomalyOwnership01 proposal gets passed, only you may survey anomalies within your cultural borders, because that is your territory according to the game.
Gaunathor, you are right. I forgot all about these. All I can say is that these UP proposals are very inconsistent with the way the rest of the game treats the borders as displayed, something that should be addressed in GC3. Lets all keep a watch for inconsistencies as the newer builds come out.
It looks like these three UP proposals violate Brad's reply above "They're spheres of influence which different races, to varying degree, try to claim are also political borders", and maybe they should be removed or reworked for GC3. While these are UP proposals it could be claimed that they fit the second part of Brad's clarification. I have to wonder how the code in GC2 treats these UP issues, especially the IA code for the other races. But, please, no speculations, I am only curious about the way the code was coded. My suspicion is that this kind of nuance was not even considered.
admiralWillyWilber
Wow first I'm going to deal with closed borders; honestly I wouldn't mind it in a soft form. That means if I tell you to get out of my territory you have a choice to refuse. If I have the military to force you out great, but if I don't I can't do much about it. I only want open borders treaties if that doesn't prevent me from physically entering your territory; otherwise it is game cheesy. This concept never improves a game. Sorry if the colony rush is to much for you. learn how to play the game. If you want closed borders where I cant enter for anything unless I declare war then I'm 100% against this. Still at it no backing down on this issue.
Now from reading this I can find three ways to define borders. First there is culturally this should not directly cause flipping. Though I can see people being culturally loyal, but lets not remember this is also caused by being the same species. Things that affect this is also how you are being treated by your leaders. Now as far as influence flipping it would be more probable that the planet will declare independence first, and then maybe depending on the relationship with the other faction join them after awhile, and then if the first nation didn't recognize their independence. This would cause tensions between the other factions. This is like the history of Texas in the United States of America. If the planet was recently conquered. Also the galactic council can set borders for your nations. This should be allowed to be voted on by all the members. Not just once, but if need be several times. This is also probably used to set neutral territory not owned by anyone, but will or will not eventually be claimed by some one. Third you should be allowed to set your own borders even if you are the only ones to recognize them. Your friends will probably respect this.
I do think that their should be act of war, war, cold war, and a policing distinction on the game. The only to make this fair is that the policing part should be sent out to all the players. How the Ai will react is up to the devs. What I'm trying to say hear is that if you have announced interstellar to the galactic council how ships may enter your space then you should be allowed to police borders. This would incur a diplomatic penalty except maybe amongst friends. No one has to listen if they have the force to back it up. Hopefully the game will give as many treaty options to this as possible in the diplomacy screen. This could be an option to shut this off.
androshalforc
Quoting admiralWillyWilber,
i could agree with this on condition that if i had closed borders and you violated those borders without declaring war i could destroy your ship while its in my space without having to declare war
or possibly capture it , reverse engineer any parts out of it i can, ransom the crew and ship back to you, then load the crew in send it home, and destroy the engine
WIllythemailboy
Quoting Lucky Jack,
It looks like these three UP proposals violate Brad's reply above "They're spheres of influence which different races, to varying degree, try to claim are also political borders", and maybe they should be removed or reworked for GC3.
I think those proposals are exactly what Brad was talking about; they're attempts to treat spheres of influence as political boundaries. Each one is a way of stating "what's in my sphere belongs to me, so you need to back off". The only inconsistency is that they're coming from the UP instead of directly from the various races, but presumably that can be attributed to one particular race pushing for that issue to be voted on in the UP.
parrottmath
Quoting androshalforc,
But if you do such a thing to any of my ships, I'll declare war on you. No matter my power at the time. Thereby defeating purpose of capturing / destroying my ship without declaring war.
It boils down to should there be automatic declaration of war when attacking ships. The typical answer to these things is yes war must be declared, but to do otherwise would force the Player or AI to declare war as a separate measure. The ability to attack without war repercussions opens a large amount of diplomatic options that the game could utilize. But this would be a lot to consider.
Quoting parrottmath,
Quoting androshalforc, reply 30i could agree with this on condition that if i had closed borders and you violated those borders without declaring war i could destroy your ship while its in my space without having to declare war
Nonsense, getting YOU to declare war is the entire point of the exercise. In diplomatic terms, it makes you the aggressor and various treaty agreements are enforced differently if you declare war on him rather than he on you. In GC2 terms, your allies won't support you if you declare war on him, but will if he declares on you. And hey, there's always the chance that you won't declare war, however remote that chance may be.
Besides, in real diplomatic terms, violating someone else's territory with a warship is itself a casus belli. The power doing the trespassing is committing the first aggressive act. In historical terms, the 22 mile limit was loosely based on the range of a battleship's guns when that limit was established - meaning a hostile power getting a warship into gun range of your shore gave you the right to get rid of it any way you saw fit, without bothering to declare war. Of course, the power losing the ship would generally see it as an act of war and respond as such, but it still put them in the role of the aggressor rather than the power that defended their own territorial rights.
As you might imagine, there are several examples of wars starting where one power does something that is not truly an act of war, but the victim of that act treats it as such and declares war. Examples include the oil embargo that kicked off the Pacific front in World War 2 and the blockade that started the 6 Day War. In the 6 Day War instance, Israel had announced that a blockade would be treated as casus belli, and Egypt went ahead and did it anyway, so it's hard to fault Israel for declaring war.
Careful parrottmath. Willy just loves baiting people.
joeball123
Quoting WIllythemailboy,
22 mile limit
Don't you mean the 12 nautical mile, ~14 statute mile, or 22 kilometer limit?
Nonsense, getting YOU to declare war is the entire point of the exercise. In diplomatic terms, it makes you the aggressor and various treaty agreements are enforced differently if you declare war on him rather than he on you.
And yet in the real world it isn't usually accepted for a nation to claim the waters around some foreign nation as their own territorial waters, and in fact making such a claim would be considered at the very least provocative. Nor does the 12 mile limit apply universally to all tracts of water; nations with regions of coastline which have regions of coastline which would create regions of overlapping territorial waters typically dispute the region of overlap or settle the issue by agreeing upon a treaty, and while a warship sailing in disputed waters is a provocative act, it is not an act of war. Sinking that warship, however, is an act of war, and while I would agree that the sinking was not unprovoked I would still count the side which sank the ship to be the aggressor, as they escalated the conflict beyond just rattling sabres.
This is in contrast to Galactic Civilizations II, in which it is not only accepted but even normal for spheres of influence to fully encompass foreign territory, and now we're told that spheres of influence to one degree or another represent a territorial claim by a nation - territorial claims which can be recognized and accepted by the international community, as shown by the United Planets laws which require nations to pay rent on their colonies and starbases which do not fall within their own sphere of influence. This is, for all intents and purposes, legalized (and legally mandated) extortion, especially in the case where the sphere of influence did not originally contain the foreign colonies but has since expanded to include them for one reason or another. I can accept disputes over who gets control over recently-settled regions where the colonies of various factions are intermingled, but I do not consider it as anything but naked aggression for one nation to make a claim to having territorial rights to another nation's well-established colonies in regions which did not fall within the claimant's sphere of influence prior to the establishment of these colonies. Yet the fact is that the United Planets will not only recognize these claims but also provides tacit support for them, as evidenced by the laws imposing a tax upon the colony owner.
Laying claim to a region of space which includes preexisting foreign colonies is a much larger act of aggression than the owner of those colonies "violating your space" in the region around those colonies with warships. Blowing up those warships which are "violating" your space in that manner is such an open act of aggression that trying to defend it is utterly ridiculous, and the idea that a faction should suffer diplomatic repercussions for declaring war in response to such an act is nonsensical. It is a somewhat more defendable position to take when the colonies in question were established in a region after you had laid claim to the region, though this is still rather debatable given that there is no concept of claim history or disputed claims within Galactic Civilizations aside from having colonies within the sphere of influence of another faction, as if I lay claim to a region and then you make claim for the same region somewhat later on, and then I establish colonies or build starbases within that region, or deploy warships to the region, this is an escalation of a dispute that you caused rather than an act of aggression on my part. The act of aggression was you claiming an area that I had already laid claim to, not my response to you making that claim. You may consider my response provocative, but that doesn't make me the aggressor. Galactic Civilizations fails rather badly when it comes to recognizing the existence of competing claims, however, and only recognizes the claim of the faction with the greatest influence in the region, whether the difference in influence strength is 1 influence or 1000, and does not track claim history except, to a degree, for planets controlled by a faction.
Quoting joeball123,
Correct. I mixed my units.
As I pointed out later in my post, there are plenty of examples in real history where countries disagree as to what constitutes an act of war. One country sees moving a warship into disputed waters as normal practice or defending its claim, the other sees it as moving into first-strike position. And both can be completely correct in their assumptions; the only difference is intent, which cannot be proven. If one country declares that moving warships into a disputed area will be considered an act of war, and the second country moves the ship there anyway, the second country has indeed knowingly committed an act of war, even if no shots are fired.
There is a very distinct difference between "an act of war" and casus belli. An act of war is literally the sort of thing that happens in a war; ships sunk, targets bombed, etc. Casus belli is "cause for war" - an act that, if you do it, I will respond by declaring war. Acts of war are almost always casus belli, but a casus belli does not necessarily have to be an act of war. The embargo on trading oil to Japan, for instance. Not an act of war, but definitely a cause for war.
This is in contrast to Galactic Civilizations II....
This is where the real world analogies break down, since territorial claims in reality don't magically spread on their own. Nor are we starting with essentially blank maps; whereas in GalCiv even "established" claims are only a year or two old. Also, there is much less in the way of persistent national identity for the citizens of each individual planet. Culture simply doesn't work that way in the real world; think how likely it would be for Vancouver to one day decide they want to flip and join the US, yet we accept that sort of thing happening frequently in GalCiv. It's an entirely different world view. Under those assumptions, you maintaining a forward base inside my territory actually IS a hostile act, since by nature it should tend to flip to my control. Regardless of who originally claimed it and when, you're maintaining control against the collective will of the populace (since, of course, if they wanted to be under your control your influence would be higher in that area).
polobo
At some point you just have to accept "game mechanics". But the conceptual problem is trying to apply modern era planetary territorial rules to interstellar space. In that kind of environment the hybrid nature of influence and political makes sense. I can setup a starbase deep in your territory and, if my people largely hate your people - especially those on said starbase - the likelihood of them changing sides peacefully is going to be slim. Its like a welcome, or unwelcome, embassy.
Side thought - fleets of sufficient size could project some kind of "influence bubble" as far out as one turn of movement. The fleet could maybe be required to designate a flagship upon which the bubble is centered. Any ships attached or near to the flagship could contribute to how much power said projection has. Automating this mode and making it so every ship has influence would be necessary for the next thought...
Generalizing from the above: the more unresolved "influence power overlap" there is between two civs the more tension there would be. negotiation regarding specific sources of influence could then be made to "resolve" the overlaps in some manner.
I suppose your right in presenting the case where you have defensive treaties where if war is declared on you your allies would join the fight. In the aggressor, non-aggressor the idea of the territorial boundaries in space are all speculated anyway.
We cannot forget the right of innocent passage through territorial waters. This allows ships to travel through another nations territorial waters without being seen as an act of war. Of course, the details of well established trade routes and traveling through particular lanes in space are a little extreme to determine, but in either case the assault on another vessel that has shown no aggression in your territorial space is an act of war and you would be deemed the aggressor, even considering the territorial waters agreement signed by the UN in 1982.
There is grey area in this agreement, but passage through territorial waters by warships is acceptable when going through trade routes. But if no trade routes are established, the grey area comes into play whether warships are any ship has right of innocent passage. This diplomatic grey area doesn't give the right of nation owning the territorial waters to assault any vessel.
I would like to see well established smaller boundaries that are more diplomatically set. But I also do not want to change the way the game plays too much with all this diplomatic back dealing. The depth is great for diplomacy, but can really dominate the entire game.
Schaefespeare
Having read all the above, I still think this area of the game, "Influence", and its corresponding Influence Victory, is inevitably badly implemented in the Game and should be completely scrapped wholesale. The whole political versus cultural borders dispute is then resolved in favour of political borders being based on a specific number of Hexes around the planet you colonize.
yes I'm canvassing for support of this idea and trying to Influence the way the game develops with a thin veneer of unintended irony.
I would support a fixed number of hexes around each planet, that can be extended via star bases.
An idea I posted in another thread Which also belongs in this thread :
. . . starbases were frequently used just to expand the travel distance for discovery and trade benefits.
Personally I'd like to see the whole Influence mechanic scrapped and the Trading system overhauled and enhanced, at least enough so that the above objective could be achieved with a *Trading Starbase* [built from constructors of course). Then you could , say, trade with planets within a radius of X, Y or Z hexes dependent upon Galaxy/Universe size as well as using it as a stepping-stone to other races.
In other words, scrapping the *Influence* aspects [all of them] should be replaced by an enhanced, revamped and utterly upgraded Trading System worthy of it being a game Victory objective in its own right.
Quoting Schaefespeare,
As someone who usually went for an influence victory, I have to object to completely scrapping influence. Finding a way to make it more interesting is a much better idea imo. Civ 5 did this with Brave New World. The specifics of how they did it don't make sense for GalCiv, but the general idea of making culture/influence something more than building improvements in cities and starbases near your enemies is one I support.
hit quote rather than edit button, sorry
IMO the territory of a player should extend to the planets, asteroids, and star bases of the player. There should be a three-tile exclusive economic zone surrounding each planet but no more. As I have mentioned earlier, planetary influence should be spread by trade to other planets.
erischild
I must be weird. I seem to be the only person who actually enjoyed and agreed with the Influence mechanic and concept in GC2.
Quoting erischild,
I enjoyed it as well, but then I spent a few dozen hours digging into the math and the modeling behind it. And came up with a few insane cheese tactics to use it. I suspect those who were unhappy with the mechanic either didn't know some of the tactics or wanted somewhat different cheese tactics to be viable.
while i diddent dig into the math i played a super isolationist colony that focused on culture projection and a wall of starbases
-2 enemy speed for bieng in your influence -2 for being near your starbases +movement of your fleets and finally that UP proposal that pushed all your enemies ships back out to beyond your borders
Gaunathor
The Super Isolationist ability doesn't reduce the speed of enemy ships by -2, but sets it to a maximum of 3 pc/wk. Also, the Slow Enemies starbase modules don't work for Super Isolationists. At least, not anymore. They used to, but this is no longer the case in the latest version of TotA.
I don't dislike the influence mechanic of Galactic Civilizations II. What I dislike is how influence borders are, to a great degree, treated as territorial boundaries, and to a lesser extent that the game doesn't really recognize competing influences, only the greatest influence.
i could have sworn it was a -2 oh well even being reduced to 3 is still quite handy along with a large sphere of influence


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If there is one hour in my day that I wish to have all to my own, it would be 3 p.m. Back in the day, before work and school schedules conspired to block that hour nearly every single day of 30 something weeks of the year, 3 o'clock was naptime for the kidoodle and my time to leisurely begin supper. Two to three hours was a generous amount of time to prepare a meal ~ enough for a braised chicken with vegetables, or maybe a pot roast. I could turn out a dessert in that time frame, too, with a bit of luck and the right ingredients in my well-stocked pantry.
These days, I rush from work to two different schools, gather and sometimes redistribute children to piano lessons, play practices, what-have-you. And I rush back home to come up with supper. Sometimes, my wonderful husband will cook, usually a roast or lasagna that he prepared ahead of time, or a quick meal of fish and vegetables. And I get my act together occasionally, making stir-fries and fried rice and roasted chicken. And there are other nights when dinner is a grilled cheese sandwich or its South of the Border cousin, a cheese quesadilla.
So I await with interest what my fellow #LetsLunchers will create under the theme "3 Ingredient Recipes." #LetsLunch is a monthly gathering of food writers and bloggers who post on a given subject. This month's topic is quick recipes using just 3 ingredients. My go-to 3-ingredient recipe is pimento cheese, so maybe I'm not the best choice for this go-round.
Back to that magic hour that I wish I could call my own ~ in the past year, I've given up on Top 40 radio and NPR and switched to the Fish, the contemporary Christian radio station. All the girls in the car, from elementary to mommy agree. And one of the best reasons to listen to the Fish is afternoon drive host Beth Bacall ~ she's a mommy and a foodie, so I'm fed spiritually and mentally while I'm listening to her.
One day Beth happened to mention that she had a recipe for "3-Ingredient Chicken Parmesan" and she would happily reply to email requests for the recipe. Here's the link for the recipe ~ it's one of those "dump and do" recipes that I need more of in order to turn out a tasty dinner in a reasonable amount of time. The recipe calls for boneless chicken breasts, coated in mayonnaise and shredded Parmesan cheese and baked. I served it with rice and a green vegetable and my girls ate every bite. I'm sad to say that I didn't get a picture of the chicken, it was nice and roasty-toasty looking when it came out of the oven.
I decided to make the recipe a second time and grab a picture for this post, when my eldest daughter revealed what she really wanted for supper, and it was not a 3-ingredient recipe: Chicken and Dumplings. Done properly, c and d is not a 3-ingredient recipe, it's a 3-part recipe: Broth, chicken, dumplings. The three components harmonize into a complete and completely satisfying dish.
In the spirit of 3 ingredients, I therefore present my streamlined recipe for chicken and dumplings, perfect for those weeknights when you have a little extra time and some helping hands.
Chicken and dumplings. Lucy Mercer/A Cook and Her Books.
My from-scratch recipe can be found here. It starts with a whole chicken. Here, I use boneless, skinless chicken breasts and doctored-up stock-in-a-box to speed things up. If you have leftover cooked chicken, save even more time by using it here.
1. In a nonstick skillet over medium heat, cook the chicken until cooked through, about 10 minutes.
2. In a soup pot or Dutch oven set over medium heat, pour in oil and saute onion until translucent. Add celery and carrots, cooking until soft, about 10 minutes. Add chicken broth and bay leaf and bring to a boil. Add chicken. Season to taste with salt and pepper.
1. To make dumplings, mix together flour, baking powder and salt. Cut in shortening by your preferred method (I've given up on pastry blenders; hands are my favored tool for this), until mixture is mealy and the particles are small. Add enough cold milk to make a workable dough, up to a cup and a half. Knead the dough and lightly press out 1/2 inch thick with floured hands onto a floured counter. Cut into 1 - inch strips.
3. Gently drop dumplings into broth, allowing each to puff up and rise to the surface. When all dumplings are in, add milk to the stew to achieve proper consistency, about a cup or two. Taste for seasoning. Let simmer about 15 minutes. Feed to your hungry family.
This post is part of #LetsLunch, a global blogging party. Check back here for more links to fabulous food stories.
ha, ha, you cheated but love this dish!
Looks yummy... even though you cheated!
Hi Lucy, this looks so good and comforting!
I've been looking for a chicken and dumplings soup recipe and I just found it. Thanks for sharing!
Hi Lucy! Hope you and your family are well. I made this tonight for my family and a friend of one of my daughters, who is notoriously picky. She loved it and this was a hit on a chilly night. Thanks for the recipe!


The Mix brings you Ringside Intel's recap and results for tonight's WWE Monday Night Raw (4/1/2019) broadcast. Show starts at 8 pm EST. Stephanie McMahon will make a WrestleMania main event announcement at the start of the show. Tweet and follow @RingsideIntel on Twitter.
Show opens up and Stephanie McMahon comes out to the main stage. She announces that the women's Triple Threat main event at WrestlMania, between Raw Women's Champion Ronda Rousey, Smackdown Women's Champion Charlotte Flair, and Becky Lynch, will feature both titles on the line. Winner take all.
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Phoenix hits the Glam Slam on Peyton Royce for the finish.
Crews picks up the win.
Ricochet gets counted out after Scott Dawson cheats and trips Ricochet from under the ring.
Roman Reigns is interviewed and Drew McIntyre attacks him from behind and says he wants to be in Reigns' head morning, noon and night.
The stipulation in the match is that if Flair, Rousey and Becky can't work together and one of them betrays their team, that person will be removed from the WrestleMania title match. Tension between the 3 women is high, but Rousey manages to tap Liv Morgan out before things boil over.
After the match, Rousey immediately punches Charlotte, Becky gets involved and a brawl ensues. Police officers end up having to run out and keep them away from each other. All 3 end up handcuffed and are separately escorted out of the arena. They do not go quietly and the officers have their hands full trying to maintain control. Michael Cole on commentary makes a big deal about how the main event stars of WrestleMania have all been arrested.
Becky and Rousey are put in the back seat of the same cop car and they start kicking each other, hands tied behind their backs. Rousey kicks out the back window in the process and the cops separate them. Charlotte manages to get some shots in as well, until finally they are all taken away.
Heavy Machinery picks up the victory.
Strowman decimates the jobbers and hits them with a Double-Powerslam for the 3-count.
Intercontinental Champion Bobby Lashley comes out with his mouthpiece Lio Rush for an interview. He's asked if he's worried about Finn Balor's alter-ego The Demon showing up to WrestleMania. Lashley says he's not afraid of an Irish fairy tale. The Demon is just Balor and Lashley says he's beaten Balor every single time. Balor comes on the big screen and reveals that The Demon will be making an appearance after all.
Corbin pins Mysterio after hitting a Deep Six.
😳 @BaronCorbinWWE just defeated @reymysterio.


text:
"The borehole is not a madman" Community management of groundwater in rural Uganda
Posted on 05/03/2018 05/03/2018 by RWSN Secretariat
by Dr Luke Whaley, Professor Frances Cleaver and Felece Katusiime (UPGro Hidden Crisis)
In Uganda, waterpoint committees exist more in name than in reality. Many waterpoints have been 'personalised'. That is to say, they are under the control of one or a small number of individuals. Moreover, where local management arrangements (of any sort) are effective they tend to rely heavily on the authority of the head of the village council, known as the LC1 Chairperson. Indeed, it is often the LC1 Chairperson and not a waterpoint committee who is instrumental in collecting funds, securing maintenance and resolving disputes. Where an apparently functioning committee is in place, this is usually the result of concerted efforts on the part of particular local NGOs, who cannot guarantee this level of commitment in the longer term.
At least, these are the impressions of Felece Katusiime, a social science field researcher working on the UPGro 'Hidden Crisis' project, concerned with the sustainability of rural groundwater supply in Ethiopia, Uganda, and Malawi. They are field insights (preceding full data analysis) from someone who has spent many months in the field undertaking research in roughly 200 rural Ugandan villages. The discussion that follows is intended as a provocation and not a promulgation of project findings. We are interested in the extent to which the points made here accord or contrast with the experiences of you, the readers, and we welcome dialogue on these matters.
So, why might it be that in Uganda waterpoint committees,as envisaged on paper, seldom exist as such on the ground?
After all, for decades now there has been a strong international and national policy drive toward decentralisation and community based management (CBM), typically operationalised through village-level waterpoint committees. Whilst there are many possible answers to this question, here we focus on observations made by Felece during recent discussions in Kampala. We make three points.
Firstly, it is necessary to move beyond thinking about water as somehow separate from the reality of village life more generally. There are existing social relations, power dynamics, and sources of authority that come to bear on the form and function of a waterpoint committee. In the case of Uganda, these sources of power and authority are commonly the LC1 Chairperson, religious leaders and groups, and other respected village elders and individuals. Where a water management arrangement is in place, it is likely that one or more of these actors are involved, either carrying out management functions or lending authority to those who do. In the case of the latter, those carrying out these functions may often be relatives or have close ties with the authority figures in question.
Secondly, for many rural villagers in Uganda, kept busy by the demands of day-to-day life, the requirement to form a seven-person strong committee to manage a single waterpoint seems excessive. As one villager responded when asked why her community does not have a functioning committee: "the borehole is not a madman". The implication here is that, unlike a 'madman', the waterpoint is not unpredictable and uncontrollable in a way that needs the concerted and ongoing efforts of a whole group of people. Instead, mixed arrangements of local leaders, elites, or pre-existing networks take on the responsibility and may vary over the course of the year in response to the seasonal challenges that the user community face. The danger here is that, by drawing on existing arrangements, water management may reproduce or entrench existing unequal power relations.
This leads to the third and final point concerned with why someone would choose to volunteer as the member of a waterpoint committee in the first place. According to Felece, a common motive is the expectation that doing so may lead on to something else. This chimes with existing research into local level institutions in Uganda. From this perspective, a person may be inclined to join a waterpoint committee not primarily because of a concern with water management but with increasing their wealth and status. In keeping with the previous point, membership on a committee may serve as a way of attaining or entrenching a position of influence in the village. Where an individual's wealth and status is furthered through a position on the committee, these people are likely to remain a member. Where it is not, it is likely that they will become disillusioned with the onerous responsibility of managing the waterpoint and drop out. What remains is an ad hoc arrangement that likely reflects existing social dynamics in the village.
In the last decade, there has been increasing attention afforded to 'working with the grain' and with embracing local hybrid forms of management as 'arrangements that work'. However, for development efforts that favour standardised approaches and prescriptions such as CBM, these sorts of insights are challenging. Without an understanding of the logic and social dynamics that produce hybrid forms of waterpoint management, progress toward sustainable water supplies is unlikely to be achieved.
For reflections on understanding borehole functionality from a social science perspective see: Whaley, L. and Cleaver, F. (2017) Can Functionality Save the Community Management Model of Rural Water supply? Water Resources and Rural Development 9(1): 56-66, available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212608216300274
Photo: L. Whaley, 2017
Posted in A hidden crisis? Strengthening the evidence base on the sustainability of rural groundwater services, New publicationTagged Community Partipation, Social Science, Uganda3 Comments
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3 thoughts on ""The borehole is not a madman" Community management of groundwater in rural Uganda"
Chris Prottas says:
I completely agree with the authors' emphasis on breaking the siloed approach to water point management, and contextualizing what the standard approach asks of communities. For example, the CBM approach asks households to save for future repairs to a hypothetical breakdown, when many of these households don't have a safe, reliable way to save for their own personal risks.
In western Uganda where The Water Trust operates, we have come to similar conclusions:
1) Water, sanitation, and hygiene represents a narrow subset of the challenges and concerns confronting households. The narrow mandate of the WSC institution limits its perceived importance and community interest.
2) The informal WSC structure and financial management practices fail to engender adequate trust in community members to collect, save and spend fees.
3) Fee collection creates a significant burden for volunteer WSC members, who have to regularly travel to 30 to 50 households in a large area to attempt to collect fees.
4) The WSC institution is inherently weak due to its lack of a material incentive to meet and fulfill its obligations, and its small member size (typically 4-6).
After piloting several different approaches, we have found to be most successful taking a hybrid approach that focuses on establishing a durable, community-based institution that can reduce the burden of fee collection and increase trust. Importantly, the groups are durable because they provide a material incentive for their continued operations.
Specifically, village savings and loan groups have a long history in Western Uganda and in much of the world. While there are a number of formal training methodologies, the Village Savings and Loan Association (VSLA) approach developed by CARE more than 25 years ago has a long history of creating durable, trustworthy village-level cooperatives that provide access to savings and credit to populations with low literacy and numeracy. From the perspective of the WASH sector, the groups have several compelling attributes: (1) there is generally high community demand, (2) members trust the groups with their money, (3) meeting attendance is high; (4) groups provide access to capital for sanitation upgrades, (5) 89% of VSLA groups survive more than five years.
In our initial pilot we found that adapting this methodology to include the management of a water point maintenance fund significantly increased willingness to pay. Notably, average annual water point contributions (spent or available for repairs) increased on average from $2 to $164 in savings group communities. What's more the groups have provided a much more efficient platform for hygiene and sanitation promotion, as they have regular weekly meetings with a significant percentage of the catchment area attending.
While every context requires a nuanced analysis and program design process, we think this model provides a sound example of how a hybrid approach that starts with community priorities can achieve stronger results.
Sean - RWSN/UPGro Secretariat says:
Dear Chris, thanks for the detailed and thoughtful contribution!
Lamech Chimphero says:
I also agree with the observation that functionality of the Community Water Management committee most often revolves around the local leaders. Many WMCs in Malawi for example are not active because they have several issues with the village chief. For example, the money that is collected for the operation and maintenance of boreholes is often misused as it ends to be in the hands of the village leaders or the relatives. This forces the other users to abandon the boreholes once they are broken. This has led to high rate of non-functionarity of many water points. Traditionally, it is unacceptable to confront the chief whenever he is making mistakes since he has the powers to chase you out of his village, hence people just leave the water points unattended to.

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text:
Борисов или Борисова е популярно българско, руско, беларуско, украинско фамилно име. Може да се отнася за някое от следните лица или други понятия.

Личности
 Бойко Борисов (р. 1959), български политик
 Веселин Борисов (р. 1935), български актьор
 Веселин Борисов (р. 1939), български специалист по обществено здраве
 Георги Борисов (р. 1950), български поет
 Генадий Борисов (р. 1962), руски астроном
 Милко Борисов (р. 1921), български учен
 Сашо Борисов (р. 1955), български футболист

Други
 Борисов, град в Беларус
 ФК БАТЕ Борисов, беларуски футболен отбор
 2I/Борисов, междузвездна комета

Руски фамилни имена
Български фамилни имена

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Kagiava A, Theophilidis G.
Source PUBMED link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21183852
Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Dichloroacetate has been used extensively in the treatment of cancer and genetic mitochondrial diseases, but there have been reports of dichloroacetate-induced peripheral neuropathy. In this study, the acute effects of sodium dichloroacetate on the peripheral nerve fibers were investigated, using an ex-vivo preparation, in the isolated sciatic nerve of the rat. The amplitude of the evoked nerve compound action potential (CAP) was measured to confirm the proper functioning of the nerve fibers. The half-vitality time [the time required to decrease the CAP to 50% of its initial value, here called inhibitory time 50% (IT50)], of the nerve fibers, which had been incubated in normal saline, was 30.4 ± 0.26 h (n=12). When the nerve fibers were incubated in 10 mmol/l of dichloroacetate, the IT50 was 29.7 ± 0.34 h (n=8), with no significant difference from the control (P>0.05). The fact that such a high concentration of dichloroacetate as 10 mmol/l had no effect on the parameters of the evoked CAP is an indication of the high tolerance of peripheral nerve fibers to this compound. When a concentration of 20 mmol/l of dichloroacetate was tested, a 15.2 ± 1.25% (n=12) inhibition in the CAP amplitude occurred, but although a relatively small population of nerve fibers was inactive, the vitality of the remaining active axons was not affected, with a final IT50 of 28.1 ± 0.64 h (n=12), with no significant difference from the IT50 of the control, which for this group of experiments was 28.1 ± 0.17 h (P>0.05). This moderate effect, with a 15.2 ± 1.25% decrease in the CAP amplitude, suggests that within the exposure limitation of the sciatic nerve preparation of 28-30 h, there could be a gradual development of certain biochemical changes leading to the early stages of dichloroacetate-induced neurotoxicity.
[PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
Action Potentials/drug effects*
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
Antineoplastic Agents/toxicity*
Axons/drug effects*
Dichloroacetate/pharmacology
Dichloroacetate/toxicity*
Evoked Potentials/drug effects*
Nerve Fibers/drug effects*
Nerve Fibers/physiology
Sciatic Nerve/drug effects*
Sciatic Nerve/physiology
Dichloroacetate
LinkOut – more resources
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Swets Information Services
DICHLOROACETIC ACID – HSDB
1 thought on "High concentrations of dichloroacetate have minor effects on the vitality of the mammalian nerve fibers: an ex-vivo electrophysiological study."
Alva Fish on July 23, 2012 at 5:08 am said:
I truly enjoy looking at on this website , it contains good content . "Literature is the orchestration of platitudes." by Thornton.


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text:
Q: Django not able to locate static files i am frustrated now ..been trying this for 2 days now.. tried every thing Django is not importing static files
My settings
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
STATIC_URL = '/static/'

STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    BASE_DIR / 'my_blog'/'static',

]

my imports
 href="{% static 'css/bootstrap.css' %}"
    rel="stylesheet"
    type="text/css"
  />
    <link
      href="{% static 'css/bootstrap.min.css' %}"
      rel="stylesheet"
      type="text/css"
    />

    <script src="{% static 'js/bootstrap.min.js' %}"></script>

      <link
      href="{% static 'base.css' %}"
      rel="stylesheet"
      type="text/css"
    />

A: In settings.py file keep these such way:
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
STATIC_DIR = BASE_DIR / 'static'

....
....

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    BASE_DIR / "static",
]

Now create a folder named static and keep all static files there.
if the file structure is such that:
-static
--css
---style.css
then your src or href would be such {% static 'css/style.css' %}

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text:
Saint of Day
Civilizations
Chinese civilization
Global Atlanticism
Euro Continentalism
Indian civilization
Islamic civilization
Home » LIBERALISM'S HYPOCRISY: A CASE STUDY OF THE AMERICAN SENATOR BERNIE SANDERS
LIBERALISM'S HYPOCRISY: A CASE STUDY OF THE AMERICAN SENATOR BERNIE SANDERS
Alexander Azadgan
So you still believe Bernie Sanders (the 2016 and now the 2020 presidential candidate) is an anti-establishment/anti-war politician?
1. He voted in favor of use of force (euphemism for bombing) 12 sovereign nations that never represented a threat to the U.S.:
1) Afghanistan.
2) Lebanon.
3) Libya.
4) Palestine.
5) Somalia
6) Syria.
7) Yemen.
8) Yugoslavia
9) Haiti
10) Liberia
11) Zaire (Congo)
12) Sudan
2. He has accepted campaign money from Defense contractor Raytheon, a defense contractor, he continues his undying support of the $1.5 trillion F-35 industry and said that predator drones "have done some very good things". Sanders has always voted in favor of awarding more corporate welfare for the military industrial complex - and even if he says he's against a particular war he ends up voting in favor of funding it.
3. He routinely backs appropriations for imperial wars, the corporate scam of Obamacare, wholesale surveillance and bloated defense budgets. He loves to bluster about corporate welfare and big banks but he voted for funding the Commodity Futures "Modernization" Act which deregulated commercial banks and created an "unregulated market in derivatives and swaps" which was the major contributor to the 2007 economic crisis.
4. Regardless of calling himself an "independent", Sanders is a member of the Democratic caucus and votes 98% of the time with the Democrats and votes in the exact same way as war criminal Hillary Clinton 93% of the time. Sanders campaigned for Bill Clinton in the 1992 presidential race and again in 1996—after Clinton had rammed through the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), vastly expanded the system of mass incarceration and destroyed welfare.
5. The sheepdog is a card the Democratic Party plays when there's no White House Democrat running for re-election. The sheepdog is a presidential candidate running ostensibly to the left of the establishment Democrat to whom the billionaires will award the nomination. Sheepdogs are herders,.... charged with herding activists and voters back into the Democratic fold who might otherwise drift leftward and outside of the Democratic Party, either staying home. In 2004 he called on Ralph Nader to abandon his presidential campaign.
The Democratic Party has played this "sheep dog" card at least 7-8 times in the past utilizing collaborators such as Eugene McCarthy in 1968, Jesse Jackson in 1984 and 1988, Jerry Brown in 1992, Al Sharpton in 2000, Howard Dean in 2004, Dennis Kucinich in 2008 and in 2016 was Bernie Sanders' turn.
6. Regardless of calling himself a "socialist" he labeled the late Hugo Chávez, architect of the Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela responsible for lifting millions of lives out of poverty "a dead communist dictator." Then he saddled up for a photo op with Evo Morales at the Vatican and also voted to extradite former Black Panther member, Assata Shakur.
7. He refers to ISIS' godfather and warmonger extraordinaire John McCain as "my friend and a very, very decent person."
8. He routinely parrots the DNC lines: "the Russians hacked our elections" despite there is no evidence of such hacking, but lowered his head and tucked tail when the DNC actually rigged the primary elections against him, proving he is more loyal to the Democratic (war) Party than to the millions of people who supported him and donated to his fraudulent campaign.
9. He expressed staunch support for the aid of violently right-wing separatist forces such as the self-styled Kosovo Liberation Army, whose members were trained as Mujahideen, during Clinton's 100-day bombing of Yugoslavia and Kosovo in 1999. He has an extensive record of supporting jihadist proxies for the overthrow of sovereign governments in Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Libya and Syria.
10. He supported Bill Clinton's sanctions against Iraq, sanctions that prohibited medicines for infants and children...more than 500,000 innocents killed for no other reason than that they were Iraqi.
11. He said yes in a voice vote to the Clinton-era crime Bill, the Violent Crime Control & Law Enforcement Act of 1994, which expanded the death penalty to cover 60 offenses. So he is obviously pro-death penalty.
12. In the 2016 elections, he betrayed millions of people that believed in him when after making the central point of his campaign the fight against Wall Street he instructed his followers to vote for Wall Street's candidate, war criminal/corporate criminal Hillary Clinton.
You cannot be committed to "fight Wall Street" and abruptly endorse the Wall Street candidate.
If you were to do this with a car transmission, you'd strip your gears - this is why it baffles me when people speak of him in tones of reverence and awe.
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Costume includes a Tattered Black and Red Sporty Dress with the Letters 'DED' Printed on the Chest. The Dress also includes a Bloody Stained Effect and the Outfit is completed with a Pair of Matching Pom Poms.
Medium 7 - 9 years 24" - 26" 24" - 26" 26"
Large 10 - 12 years 28" - 30" 28" - 30"
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Make our mountains your biking paradise. With a revived spirit and plenty of STOCK feeling.
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For any group numbering less than 4 participants, we reserve the right to combine groups or reduce the number of instruction hours. Due to flexible organization, instructors may change several times. Skischule Pertl disclaims any liability for accidents that occur during or before the lesson. Accident and liability insurance is the participant' own responsibility. A refund due to injury or illness is only granted on presentation of a medical certificate. Only not used lessons (remaining amount) will be refunded. Course cancellations due to weather conditions (force majeure) are not reimbursed. Private lessons take place in all weather conditions. Lesson tickets are not transferable. Any unused lesson days expire!
All deliveries and services of the ski school resulting from online orders via the internet or other online services are subject to these terms and conditions.
Skischule Pertl (hereinafter referred to as "author") disclaims any liability for the actuality, correctness, completeness, or quality of the information provided. Liability claims against the author on the grounds of material or non-material damage caused by the use of or failure to use the information presented and/or by the use of deficient and incomplete information, is categorically excluded, as far as such damage is not attributable to evidently deliberate fault or gross negligence on the part of the author. Offers are non-binding offers and subject to confirmation. The author exclusively reserves the right to partly modify, complete, or delete individual pages or the entire offer without notice, or to temporarily or definitely halt their publication.
The use of transportation facilities (lifts) is not included in the lesson price. The ski school is not liable for forgone lesson times due to failure of the lifts and cable cars.
The rental business is authorized to demand some form of a guarantee, be it the leaving of a document (passport, identity card, driving license) or a security deposit.
Such a security does not constitute a possible purchase price for the equipment.
For cancellations before 17:00 the day before, the entire amount, then 50% will be refunded.
Place of performance is the central establishment of the ski school/ski rental. For disputes, the court having jurisdiction at the location of the headquarters of the ski school/ ski rental is in charge. Austrian law applies. The contract language is German.


text:
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If we take a look at her personal life, Kira has a list of boyfriends, she dated the Dead Story actor Chase Austin for two years from 2014, Nick Merico for some months, Jack Griffo for a year in 2012. Despite several relationships, Kira Kosarin is not married yet and nor have any children.
Kira grew up in Boca Raton, Florid where she got enrolled at Pine Crest School. She also became interested in dancing during her formative years and she took ballet lessons at Boca Ballet.
As both of her parents were Broadway performers, she was also introduced in theater shows at a young age. From her childhood days, she became fascinated with acting and dancing and she finally won the role of Raina Kumar in the TV series Shake It Up in 2012.
She kissed the pinnacle of her success in 2013 after she began starring the role of Phoebe Thunderman in the TV series "The Thundermans". The actual figure of her annual salary is unknown but her net worth is around $1 million.
She is cute with an amazing smile and she is just 18 years old these days. Kira Kosarin was born as Kira Nicole Kosarin in Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America to American parents. She is also an American and is of white ethnicity.
As both of her parents were Broadway performers, she was also introduced in theater shows at a young age. From her childhood days, she became fascinated in acing and dancing and she finally won the role of Raina Kumar in the TV series Shake It Up in 2012.
Kira Kosarin is a sweet and lovely actress from United States. She kissed the pinnacle of her success in 2013 after she began starring the role of Phoebe Thunderman in the TV series The Thundermans. Besides acting, she is also known for being a signer and a dancer.
Kids' Choice Award is also one of the prestigious awards in the acting world for an emerging actors and actress. She has also once been honored with this award once and that was in 2016 for Favorite TV Show.


text:
Multiculturalism vs. America
Hosted by Ryan Williams
In this special edition of the American Mind podcast, we explore the intellectual roots, political and societal implications of and the antidote to what the Claremont Institute believes is the great threat to America: multiculturalism. The podcast features Claremont Institute President Ryan Williams, Chairman Tom Klingenstein and scholar Charles Kesler, as well as the likes of David Azerrad, Lord Conrad Black, Allen Guelzo, Roger Kimball and Norman Podhoretz. It is narrated by James Poulos, Executive Editor of the American Mind and produced by ChangeUp Media.
Works Referenced & Related Readings (In Order of Appearance):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xPfwLh5pyy4
https://americanmind.org/feature/multiculturalism-vs-america/
https://americanmind.org/discourse/algorithms-of-suppression/
https://americanmind.org/essays/defend-america-defeat-multiculturalism/
https://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/fed39.asp
https://americanmind.org/essays/our-house-divided-multiculturalism-vs-america/
https://claremont.org/crb/article/patriotism-vs-multiculturalism/
https://www.claremont.org/crb/article/the-crb-interview/
https://youtu.be/0WzDYy7IR2Y?t=2400
https://americanmind.org/features/winning-the-new-irrepressible-conflict/trump-vs-multiculturalist-insurrection/
https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1193&context=llr
Visit The American Mind for more great content.
And if you have feedback for us, we'd love to hear from you at [email protected]
Subscribe to American Mind in iTunes (and leave a 5-star review, please!), or by RSS feed. For all our podcasts in one place, subscribe to the Ricochet Audio Network Superfeed in iTunes or by RSS feed.
Joseph Eagar
I'm sick of everyone saying that multiculturalism is a real thing. From what I've seen of progressives in my own life, they don't tolerate other cultures at all. They just don't believe there are different cultures, or at least that the cultures on "their side" are all the same. I can't be the only one to have noticed that progressives are actually really bad at dealing with people from genuinely different cultures.
Black people have been moving out of the Northeast for, what, a decade now? Why? Because black people are mostly culturally Southern, and the North's prejudice against Southerners includes them (other than the small subset of affluent black people who have successfully assimilated into Northern WASP culture).
https://ricochet.com/podcast/the-american-mind/multiculturalism-vs-america/#comment-4529216
Followers of the gospel according to Mona should be aware that poor ol' Claremont is now squarely within her NeverTrump crosshairs. The horror of having Ms. Charen use square quotes to describe the newly-designated Claremont "fellows" must be resounding throughout California.
Ryan Williams is the president and publisher of the Claremont Review of Books. Prior to becoming president in 2017, Mr. Williams held positions at the Claremont Institute as Chief Operating Officer, D…[more]


Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron is a 2002 animated Western film about a stallion (Matt Damon) in the days of the Old West as he is taken from his herd, of which he is leader, and his homeland is threatened by the U.S. Army. A cavalry Colonel tries to break him, as well as conquer the Native Americans. He meets a Lakota named Little Creek who also tries to ride him. He struggles between his longing for freedom and his love for the Lakota's paint mare Rain. It is paired with Journey to Big Water.
Directed by Kelly Asbury and Lorna Cook. Written by John Fusco.
[first lines] The story that I want to tell you cannot be found in a book. They say the history of the West was written from the saddle of a horse, but it's never been told from the heart of one, not 'til now. I was born here, in this place that would come to be called the Old West, but to my kind the land was ageless. It had no beginning and no end, no boundary between earth and sky. Like the wind and the buffalo grass, we belonged here. We would always belong here. They say the mustang is the spirit of the West. Whether that West was won or lost in the end, you'll have to decide for yourself, but the story I wanna tell you is true. I was there and I remember. I remember the sun and the sky and the wind calling my name, in a time when wild horses ran free.
[from teaser] The story that I want to tell you cannot be found in a book. They say the history of the West was written from the saddle of a horse, but it's never been told from the heart of one, not 'til now. I was born here, in this place that would come to be called the Old West, but to my kind the land was ageless. It had no beginning and no end, no boundary between earth and sky. Like the wind and the buffalo grass, we belonged here. We would always belong here. They say the mustang is the spirit of the West. Whether that West was won or lost in the end, you'll have to decide for yourself, but the story I wanna tell you is true. I was there and I remember. I remember the sun and the sky and the wind calling my name, in a time when we ran free. I'll never forget the sound and the feeling of running together, the hoofbeats were many, but our hearts beat as one.
And so I grew from colt to stallion, as wild and reckless as thunder over the land. Racing with the eagle. Soaring with the wind. Flying? There were times I believed I could.
Like my father before me, I became leader of the Cimarron herd. And with that honor came responsibility.
Something new came upon the land one night, something that would change my life forever and so my journey began.
A wiser horse might have turned and run, but I wanted to know what strange creatures were here.
I was scared and I didn't know what was gonna happen to me, but at least my mother and the herd were safe.
I remember the first time I saw a rattler that curled up in my path. This one didn't look like a rattler but I was still thinking: snake.
My heart galloped through the sky that night, back to my herd, where I belonged and wondered if they missed me as much as I missed them.
He was called Little Creek, and he seemed different from the rest.
There was just no end to the strange ways of the two-legged.
Sometimes a horse has got to do what a horse has got to do, and this was one of those times.
I wasn't sure what happened back there, but I wasn't about to stop and ask. All I knew was that I was headed home.
I couldn't believe it! One moment I was free and the next... more ropes.
I couldn't understand it. She treated this scrawny two-legged like one of our kind, prancing around him like a love struck yearling. It was down-right unnatural.
Okay, I admit it. She was... charming, in a stubborn, irritating kind of way. So I let her show me her world.
For the first time in my life, I felt my heart torn two ways.
I had to hand it to that boy. He just wouldn't give up.
I knew this was hard for her and that she was scared, but more than anything, I wanted to share my homeland with her.
I lay beside her that night, hoping, praying, that somehow she would be okay.
I didn't know why we were brought here, but what I did know was we had to find a way to escape and get back home.
That was the moment I understood. They were headed to my homeland, and I had to stop them!
I don't know where he came from or how he got there, but I sure was glad to see him.
I had been waiting so long to run free, but that goodbye was harder than I ever imagined. I'll never forget that boy, and how we won back our freedom together.
[Gunshot] What seems to be the problem, gentlemen?
The corral. It's time to break that horse.
Tie this horse to the post. No food or water. Three days.
A Lakota, not as tall as the Cheyenne, not as fine featured as the Crow.
Not the stockades, the post. No food or water.
[from Eli Wages] You see, gentlemen. Any horse can be broken. [hits Spirit with spurs] Move along, mustang. There are those in Washington who believe the West will never be settled. The Northern Pacific Railroad will never breach Nebraska. [directs toward Little Creek] A hostile Lakota... [the clip ends from Eli Wages] ...will never submit to Providence. And it is that manner of small thinking that would said this horse could never be broken. Discipline, time, and patience are the three great levelers.
[after Spirit throws him, from Scene It? Jr. DVD Game] Soldier, secure that horse!
Great, Mustang, today, I will ride you.
OK, Rain. Let's see if you can teach this mustang some manners.
I'm never going to ride you, am I? And no one should.
Oh, Rain. Easy, girl, easy. It'll be OK. [seeing Spirit being taken away by soldiers] You saved my life.
I knew I would find you.
[on seeing the large canyon with Spirit ready to jump] Oh no!
[to Spirit] Take care of her, Spirit-who-could-not-be-broken. [embraces him] I will miss you, my friend.
Corporal, round up some volunteers to, uh, take this animal to the stables.
Well, we'll see how wild he is when I'm done with him.
Make sure that's good and tight.
This page was last edited on 30 November 2018, at 02:08.


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GYMNASIA Virtual Reality Experience by the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) and Felix & Paul Studios to Premiere at 2019 Tribeca Film Festival
New Stop Motion VR Experience to Simultaneously Launch on the Oculus Store
Montreal, Canada, April 18, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Felix & Paul Studios, the EMMY® Award-winning creator of immersive entertainment experiences, in collaboration with the Academy Award®-winning National Film Board of Canada, one of the world's leading digital content hubs, has been selected to premiere their virtual reality experience—GYMNASIA—at the 2019 Tribeca Film Festival. The 2019 Tribeca Film Festival runs from April 24, 2019 through May 4, 2019 in New York City and tickets to GYMNASIA, playing in the Virtual Arcade, are now on sale at https://www.tribecafilm.com/immersive.
GYMNASIA is a groundbreaking cinematic VR experience that is a collaboration between Felix & Paul Studios, the National Film Board of Canada and Oscar®-nominated Clyde Henry Productions. The six-minute experience flawlessly blends 3D 360-degree video, stop motion, miniatures and computer-generated graphics (CGI), and pushes the art of puppet animation into uncharted territory. GYMNASIA will be available for download on the Oculus Store beginning April 26, 2019.
GYMNASIA was produced by Stéphane Rituit (Felix & Paul Studios) and Dana Dansereau (NFB) and directed by the award-winning duo Chris Lavis and Maciek Szczerbowski (Clyde Henry Productions). Montreal-based musician Patrick Watson composed music for the experience with immersive sound design and capture provided by Headspace Studio.
"We are honored to once again premiere our work and be part of the official selection at this year's Tribeca Film Festival," said Paul Raphaël, co-founder and creative director of Felix & Paul Studios. "Our first collaboration with Chris, Maciek and Patrick dates back to our VR beginnings with Strangers with Patrick Watson. It was a real treat feeling that synergy again and was a striking measure of how our perspective on immersive storytelling has evolved in the 5 short years since producing that inaugural VR piece from our studio."
GYMNASIA is a dark dream—unsettling and weirdly wonderful. It is the first stop motion VR experience to induce the elusive anxiety that occurs when the lines between "real" and "unreal" are blurred beyond belief. In GYMNASIA , viewers step into the stillness of an abandoned school and enter a place where the ghostly ephemera of a lost childhood await them. The immersive experience recalls the sights and sounds of a child's world through the echoes of ball games, school lessons and choir recitals.
"Partnering to create new and innovative experiences is part of NFB's DNA. Working with Clyde Henry and Felix & Paul Studios on this technical feat and genre pushing experience has been hard work but also a pure joy," said Dana Dansereau, Producer for the NFB's Digital Studio. "Stop motion animation in VR is in its early days and it took the extreme talents of these three groups to pull off such a successful project. We are proud and excited to launch GYMNASIA at Tribeca Immersive 2019."
The GYMNASIA installation in Tribeca's Virtual Arcade is a theatrical event that will distort your perception of scale and tickle your memories by integrating life size puppets into an environment with a cinematic VR experience. The installation was produced and installed by Phi Centre, a Montreal-based multidisciplinary arts and culture organization, and is also being supported by the Adam Mickiewicz Institute as part of the Niepodległa programme run by the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage of the Republic of Poland.
When viewers walk into the installation space, they are immediately immersed in the world of GYMNASIA with the eerie room tone of children humming in a gymnasium that creates a sense of space larger than the one the viewers are in. On the walls are animated projections of running puppet children and, in the corner, a full-scale puppet of a "teacher" places acetate musical sheets on an overhead projector. Viewers are then directed by "scientists" in lab coats toward a row of plastic child sized chairs, the type found in every grade school cafeteria. In the last chair, a puppet sits waiting patiently for the viewer to put on their VR headset to begin viewing the GYMNASIA experience.
"For us, creating VR has always been as much about the neuroscience of this fresh medium as it is about art theory. Indeed, in no other art form are aesthetics and science so aligned," said Chris Lavis, co-director of GYMNASIA. "The GYMNASIA installation at Tribeca will be an engaging and surreal experience for festival-goers and our hope is that this unique installation will completely upend their sense of scale and reality."
About Felix & Paul Studios
Felix & Paul Studios is an EMMY® Award-winning immersive entertainment studio, creating virtual reality, augmented reality and mixed reality experiences of the highest quality. The studio combines technological innovation with a unique, pioneering and in-depth approach to the new art of XR storytelling.
Felix & Paul Studios is the world's only full spectrum immersive entertainment studio, showcasing end-to-end creative capabilities, technological know-how and proprietary tools all within one company. The studio's platform includes best-in-class spherical 3D camera systems, production/post-production software and processes, as well as spatial audio capture, design and processing through its Headspace Studio division.
Headquartered in Montreal, Canada with offices in Los Angeles, CA, Felix & Paul Studios has a highly experienced team of over 60 immersive media specialists and is backed by leading venture capital funds and institutional investors.
About the NFB
The National Film Board of Canada (NFB) is one of the world's leading digital content hubs, creating groundbreaking interactive documentaries and animation, mobile content, installations and participatory experiences. NFB interactive productions and digital platforms have won 100 awards, including 17 Webbys. To access acclaimed NFB content, visit NFB.ca or download its apps for mobile devices.
Nadine Viau
NFB Contact Canada - French
n.viau@nfb.ca
Katja De Bock
NFB Contact Canada - English
k.debock@nfb.ca
Nicole Kerr
Jessie Cohen PR & Consulting
nkerr@jessieiscohen.com
Read More About santamonicaonline.us


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BR Home Page > Register > Teams > 1980 Montgomery Rebels
1980 Montgomery Rebels
Classification: AA
League: Southern League (West Division)
Record: 68-76
Affiliation: Detroit Tigers (AL)
Manager: Roy Majtyka
Pythagorean W-L: 65-79, 596 Runs, 664 Runs Allowed
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1980 Montgomery Rebels Statistics
Team Fielding - 1B
Bold indicates they played in the majors or are a HOFer
Gary Armstrong* 24 129 499 402 56 101 8 2 0 41 7 12 86 39 .251 .383 .281 .664 113 1 8 2
Ted Dasen* 25 83 299 252 30 65 11 2 1 22 6 3 44 59 .258 .369 .329 .699 83 1 1 1
Todd Ervin* 24 16 54 44 2 9 2 0 0 3 1 0 7 2 .205 .302 .250 .552 11 0 1 2
Les Filkins* 23 49 198 174 22 50 10 1 6 31 2 5 18 24 .287 .366 .460 .825 80 4 1 1
Vern Followell# 22 143 566 488 52 129 17 2 2 47 6 4 60 50 .264 .348 .320 .668 156 6 6 6
Eddie Gates 25 111 457 382 65 107 26 0 25 91 2 1 58 69 .280 .387 .545 .932 208 12 0 5
Raphael Hampton 22 112 435 356 63 89 16 2 1 28 34 10 65 62 .250 .369 .315 .683 112 3 9 2
Craig Johnson 23 18 50 43 1 8 2 0 0 3 0 0 4 10 .186 .265 .233 .498 10 1 1 1
Greg Keatley 26 42 151 133 17 28 8 0 4 16 1 1 16 32 .211 .295 .361 .656 48 0 2 0
Jeff Kenaga* 22 124 478 450 58 118 27 0 11 56 2 6 21 55 .262 .296 .396 .692 178 2 2 3
Steven Michael* 23 67 256 213 38 66 14 2 6 21 5 3 37 31 .310 .413 .479 .892 102 2 2 2
Bob Nandin# 23 82 287 243 37 57 9 0 0 15 16 6 34 33 .235 .329 .272 .600 66 1 7 2
Walter Poole 21 66 244 223 27 49 10 0 6 37 1 0 15 61 .220 .270 .345 .615 77 1 3 2
Kevin Richards 22 28 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1.000 0 0 0 0
Randall Schafer 26 9 31 30 1 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 8 .100 .129 .133 .262 4 0 0 0
Michael Schoeller* 23 111 412 369 45 99 14 0 6 44 6 2 32 45 .268 .331 .355 .686 131 4 4 3
Art Toal 23 19 57 50 5 10 1 0 1 4 1 2 5 7 .200 .273 .280 .553 14 0 2 0
John Upshaw 23 88 311 278 21 59 10 0 10 32 2 1 25 84 .212 .278 .356 .634 99 1 5 2
Glenn Wilson 21 77 302 284 36 75 16 2 7 31 3 2 14 52 .264 .303 .409 .712 116 2 2 0
19 Players 23.0 144 5259 4572 596 1173 213 14 86 537 98 63 554 731 .257 .340 .366 .706 1672 41 58 34 24
Only players for whom we have stats are shown. See roster for more complete team list.
Team Fielding - SS
Team Fielding - OF
Team Fielding - P
Team Fielding - C
When games played is blank, research shows position was played, but no stats are known.
Bold indicates they played in the majors
About the Register Data
Historical performance data for professional leagues (affiliated minor leagues, independent minor leagues, fall/winter leagues, and other international leagues) is provided by and licensed from 24-7 Baseball and Chadwick Baseball Bureau. It incorporates the work of many stalwart baseball researchers, including Cliff Blau, Art Cantu, Frank Hamilton, Reed Howard, Kevin Johnson, Bob McConnell, Jack Morris, and Ray Nemec, as well as members of the Minor Leagues Committee of the Society for American Baseball Research.
Perhaps most importantly, it builds upon the seminal work of Ed Washuta, who magnanimously provided the framework to make the whole thing possible.
Minor league Total Zone (Rctch&Rtz, 2005-2009) data provided by Baseballprojection.com and Minorleaguesplits.com.
About the Negro League Data
This data comes from two sources. 1) The Negro Leagues Researchers and Authors Group put together by the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum thanks to a grant provided by Major League Baseball. 2) Gary Ashwill and his collaborators.
The Hall of Fame data is found for the years 1920-1948 and the Ashwill data is found from 1904-1919. Many statistics are incomplete due to ongoing research and/or limitations in published sources, so please be assured that we are aware there are issues with the data and will continue to work with our data providers to improve the data that appears here.
The Hall of Fame dataset
This data is constructed from the best available information as provided by Larry Lester, Wayne Stivers and Dick Clark of the Negro Leagues Researchers and Authors Group. It contains data culled from newspaper boxscores, covering league sanctioned games from 1920 to 1948, which was produced for a study sponsored by Major League Baseball and the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. It reflects totals as compiled by the NLRAG up to 2006. As new credible information is continually unearthed, these numbers will continue to change.
Baseball-Reference and the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum would like to acknowledge Major League Baseball for funding this study, along with the Negro Leagues Researchers and Authors Group for their extensive efforts to collect the raw data and construct the most comprehensive database of Negro Leagues Baseball statistics. Under the direction of Larry Lester, Wayne Stivers and Dick Clark, this database is the largest dataset ever made publically available and we wish to express our gratitude for all their efforts to help rebuild this lost statistical history.
The Ashwill Negro Leagues Database
Playing statistics and biographical data on the Negro leagues (all pre-1920) and early Latin American professional baseball is licensed from and provided by the Negro Leagues Database, a project organized by Gary Ashwill with the participation of many historians of Negro league and Latin American baseball.
The database is a work in progress, and will include more seasons as development continues. It appears in its original form at Seamheads.com.
Playing statistics and biographical data for this portion of our dataset (The Negro Leagues Database) are all copyright 2013 by Gary Ashwill. All rights reserved.
Note that our records are missing thousands of players who played in the Negro Leagues for minor league teams, independent teams, barnstorming teams or even Negro major league teams. We will bring their records to light as soon as suitable records are available for those players.
Details about our NLB Data
You are here: BR Home Page > Register > Teams > 1980 Montgomery Rebels


The children in Reception Class showed lots of enthusiasm when they came to school dressed as a character from a Traditional Tale. A vast range of Traditional Tales were represented including; Goldilocks and the Three Bears, Jack and The Beanstalk, Little Red Riding Hood, Rapunzel and The Three Little Pigs.
We had lots of fun sharing and reading story books the children had brought in. The children were able to follow a trail of pebbles just like Hansel and Gretel, however these pebbles led to the biscuits that the children had decorated resulting in a well deserved treat.


text:
Q: Blazor: TelerikUpload component I am trying to use TelerikUpload component in my application. I am very new with the blazor and I am stuck with a problem where I don't want to use @SaveURl to upload my document, I am doing the document save functionality on my button click, so when I don't use the @Saveurl property in the TelerikUpload component it shows me the 'Uploading status' which I am not able to find a way to hide or make it work.
I just want to find a way where is just simply select the file and add it in the collection.

Your help will be much appreciated.

A: I took a look at the TelerikUpload control.  To the best of my understanding, it requires you to set the SaveURI parameter.
If you just want a control that can select files (but not do anything with them), you might want to check out Steve Sanderson's BlazorInputFile control:
http://blog.stevensanderson.com/2019/09/13/blazor-inputfile/
https://github.com/SteveSandersonMS/BlazorInputFile


text:
Nokia's Windows Phone devices will be announced this quarter says Reuters
CEO Stephen Elop has indicated that Nokia will be unveiling its first Windows-based smartphones this quarter. Elop says that there is a market for an alternative to Apple and Android.
"Our belief is that there is a clear opportunity for an alternative ecosystem," Stephen Elop told the audience at a technology fair in Helsinki, adding that he saw the battle extending to tablet computers and televisions.
A Windows Phone-based Nokia appearing before the end of this year is pretty much expected. This was also mentioned during the Nokia N9 Malaysia launch event held last month. The question now is whether Malaysia will be one of the markets where Nokia will launch its Windows Phone device this year, considering that there is a large Nokia and Microsoft presence in the country.
While there is no official word on this at the moment, rumours are rife that the launch of Windows Phone Nokia devices hinge on the local support for Windows Phone Marketplace. Currently local support for Marketplace is one of the biggest issues with Windows Phone in Malaysia. Aside from the lack of features compared to iOS and Android (which has been somewhat addressed with the release of Mango recently), local Marketplace support is a huge barrier for Windows Phone to gain any traction in Malaysia.
Windows Phone is a big deal for Nokia, it signifies Nokia's competitive entrance into the smartphone arena and it will want to make sure that it creates the right environment for its Windows Phone devices to thrive — and the key to this will be Marketplace.
So for those who are wondering when Nokia Windows Phone devices will come to Malaysia, the answer, it looks like, rests on Microsoft.
Tags: microsoftNokiaNokia Windows PhoneReutersStephen ElopWindos Phone 7.5Windowswindows phonewindows phone 7