I've been using TS doctor to cut out adverts from recorded TV.
Done this a lot over the past couple of years and it works well.
However since I last updated the cutting has not been so precise. When you go forward or back for 1F, 1S, 10S, 1m etc it doesn't actually travel by this amount so makes editing difficult.
Also, if you don't cut out a section right at the beginning then it messes up the sound so you get the original (now out of sync) soundtrack over the cut pictures.
It never used to do this. I'm using the same hardware etc so am suspecting an update has messed this up as it started after I updated.
Re: Anyone else got a recently appeared problem with cutting?
Best codec pack ever, especially for TV recordings.
Then uninstalled haali but nothing changed.
Why uninstalling Haali. Haali Splitter works great together with LAVFilters.
Reinstall Haali Splitter and leave settings for "Default MPEG Splitter" on "AUTOMATIC". This should give you precise jumps.


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Q: I don't find the templates list when i open Xcode i have upgraded Xcode to the 4.2 version, and i have noticed that the list of templates(view based application, windows based application, etc) is missing, where can i find it? thanx in advance.

A: In Xcode 4.2 you have to use Single-View Application Template.
It's the same as Navigation-based Application template.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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FHP hosting conference in honor of Move Over Awareness Month
The Florida Highway Patrol held a news conference in Sweetwater to remind all motorists to switch lanes as soon as it is safe to do so whenever law enforcement or service vehicles are stopped on the side of the road.
It's Move Over Awareness Month, and FHP wants to remind the public that when you fail to move over, you put yourself and others at risk.
If you can't move over, slow down to a speed that is 20 mph less than the posted speed limit.
If the posted speed limit is 20 mph or less then you must slow down to five mph.
They also announced the recent amendments concerning additional services for vehicles on roadways.
"The Florida Highway Patrol reminds all motorists to move over for emergency and service vehicles that stop along the roadway," said an FHP trooper. "The move over act was enacted in 2002 to help protect first responders and other public servants."
Categorized as Insurance
With Smith & Quinn, Functionality and Fashion Are Tied Together For the Contemporary Crowd
A Hero in Healthcare: Mahipal Brahambhatt, and How He Plans to Shake-Up The Industry
NBA TV premiering an hour-long special on Shaq's rookie season with Magic

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Chopper found near Dokdo, victims missing
Search and rescue efforts are underway in the East Sea Friday after a helicopter crashed in waters near the Dokdo islets the previous night, leaving seven people missing. Authorities found the chopper and a body suspected to be a victim in the afternoon. [YONHAP]
Fourteen hours after search operations began to find a helicopter that crashed near the Dokdo islets in the East Sea, officials said Friday that they have located the chopper.
"Three Korea Coast Guard divers who were searching in seas 600 meters [2000 feet] south of the Dokdo islets and 72 meters underwater between 1:35 p.m. and 2:25 p.m. found the rescue chopper," a police official said at a press briefing at the Korea Coast Guard office in Donghae near the East Sea.
"Now that the chopper has been found, we will focus on further search and rescue operations," the official said, adding that the Cheonghaejin salvage ship and another submarine rescue ship will arrive at the scene later in the day.
The missing chopper took off from Dokdo at around 11:26 p.m. on Thursday before falling into waters near the islets just a few minutes later. Seven Koreans, including an injured person from a fishing boat and five rescue officials were reportedly on board.
Officials later said that they recovered the body of a person suspected to be one of the victims.
The National Fire Agency said it introduced the EC225 Super Puma long-range passenger transport helicopter, developed by Eurocopter, in 2016. The two pilots were both veterans with at least 17 years of career experience, according to the agency.
The model is the same as the helicopter that crashed off the coast of Norway in April 2016. That chopper's main rotor blades separated from its body, causing a crash that killed all 13 people aboard.
Prime Minister Lee Nak-yon ordered relevant ministries to put in full-fledged efforts to rescue survivors and search for missing passengers. President Moon Jae-in ordered a safety inspection of the crashed model, according to the Blue House spokesperson. The missing chopper can carry up to 28 passengers and fly at 324 kilometers per hour (201 miles per hour). The crashed EC225 chopper and an additional one had been in operation by local fire authorities and were mostly used to rescue people and fight wildfires. The other one is in service to cover Seoul and nearby Gyeonggi.


← Some Fun, Fab Photos from our May rehearsals.
Anything Goes is set aboard the ocean liner S. S. American, where nightclub singer/evangelist Reno Sweeney is en route from New York to England. Her pal Billy Crocker has stowed away to be near his love, Hope Harcourt, but the problem is Hope is engaged to the wealthy Lord Evelyn Oakleigh. Joining this love triangle on board the luxury liner are Public Enemy Moonface Martin and his sidekick-in-crime Erma. With the help of some elaborate disguises, tap-dancing sailor girls and good old-fashioned blackmail, Reno and Moonface join forces to help Billy in his quest to win Hope's heart.
Anything Goes is a shining example of classic musical theatre, complete with tap numbers, camp jokes, unlikely happy endings and eminently hummable songs like "De-Lovely," "I Get a Kick Out Of You" and "Anything Goes," courtesy of the unforgettable score by Cole Porter.
Wimborne Musical Theatre's Anything Goes is fast-paced, farcical and kid-friendly. Taking place at the Tivoli Theatre from Tuesday 25th – Saturday 29th June 2013, show times are 7.30pm with a matinee performance at 2.30pm on the Saturday.
Tickets are still on sale, buy direct from the Tivoli now!
This entry was posted in Latest Show and tagged Anything Goes, Musical, Press Release. Bookmark the permalink.


Here's a link to a collection of great shots from London this week.
Tanya sez she "decided to check out the Cans Festival which was publicised just a few days ago.
bland tunnel near Waterloo Station, into a street art extravaganza.
Here's a video from Current on the topic of Banksy. I haven't been able to view more than the first ten seconds yet because of my super slow connection where I'm at. I hope you can enjoy it where you're at. When I'm at a different place, I'll see where it's at. And what it's about.


While typical New Year's resolutions (losing weight, spending more time on the family, working out) may be great personal achievements there is one resolution that matters even more: reformulating your organization's strategy. Continuing to work a wrong or even a bit outdated strategy in 2014 will take more out of you and out of your organization than carrying around that extra 10 pounds.
Working an incorrect strategy saps resources out of you, your personnel and your company's financial resources. A strategy, correctly formulated and applied, guides every decision maker from customer service to the president in making decisions that are consistent, effective and future oriented. On the other hand a strategy, incorrectly formulated and/or applied, guides every decision maker to make inconsistent decisions that do not guide the organization efficiently or effectively toward a desirable future.
Generally speaking, an organization's strategy should be validated every year and have a significant review every three years. Organizations that are faltering, experiencing significant growth or in a cutting-edge industry, e.g. 3D printers, should validate and review their strategy on a significantly quicker pace. For truly disruptive organizations, Clayton M. Christensen and Michael E. Raynor suggest processes for fostering an "emergent strategy" in The Innovator's Solution to have a living continually updated strategy.
How recently has your organization's strategy been validated or reviewed?
Does your organization have a clear and believable strategy that has been working*?
Could every decision maker correctly describe your organization's strategy?
Is your organization's strategy specific to your organization (vs. a cookie cutter approach that could fit any organization in your industry)?
Do you have regular tracking of metrics that are tied to your strategy?
If your answer to question 1 is longer than a year or if you answered "no" to any question 2 through 5, it is time to review if your organization's strategy is up to date and appropriate for the circumstances 2014 is likely to bring your industry.


Today, more than any time in history, both countries and business firms rely on international trade for economic growth. Globalization, E-commerce and trade agreement can adversely affect a firm"s business or can create new opportunities. The objective of this course is to help students to build a foundation of basic knowledge and skills about international trade practices. Topics include the foundation of trade practices, export and import practice, payments of international trade and related problems of export and import.


Madini is a provider of various fragrance oils * in the like that is sold in many Middle Eastern souks' perfume booths. Some of their oils are single notes compounds; some are replicas of commercial designer fragrances (i.e.: Angel, No. 5 and other best-sellers), and some remain true to the Arabian style of perfumery, even if made with cheaper raw materials. Traditionally, a perfume business runs in the family, and the father passes the art and wisdom (selecting oils, etc.) to his sons (it is primarily a patriarchal system, though it is changing), and I gather Madini have been around for 400 years.
The vendor (who nowadays rarely is the perfumer) will either bottle it as it is in an ornamental-looking bottle with a dauber, or in a simple roll-on - or if you wish, will blend it for you in some alcohol so that you can spray it. DPG can be mixed in both oil and alcohol, and that's the advantage of this material, besides it being very cheap (unlike jojoba oil).
"The sweet and most celebrated flower of North Africa. Considered by many to be the most precious of floral ingredients, certainly one of the costliest". Given that it is sold for $25 for a 6 mL bottle (which brings it to roughly $125 per oz), I can see how someone may be inclined to think they are purchasing pure jasmine. This is not the case. This is simply a jasmine-like concoction of mainly (if not solely) synthetic molecules that is designed to replicate jasmine. It is not far off the jasmine base that I've described in my earlier article on jasmine, and is very potent. Certainly not something that I'd recommend wearing neat on the skin. It's just way too potent and harsh that way, and goes up your nostrils with a bit of a stinging sensation.
Okay, now I've diluted it to a normal eau de parfum concentration (in alcohol). Much better... But still, it's very cheap-smelling, and not convincing enough as a jasmine. I'm pretty sure that if it were to be blended with other notes, it would be okay, for example: if it were to be blended with fresh, citrusy or herbaceous essential oils, or with a true patchouli essential oil base - it will give it some more soul. Overall, it still smells flat, chemical (a combination of acetone and something else that still maintain a green sharp ice-needles in my nose, even after dilution). There is a hint of indole in the base that makes it feel a tad more real than other cheap jasmines I've smelled lately, but I would not wear it on its own as a soliflore, because it is just too harsh and sharp this way. But either way, I'm sorry to say that this goes down as a scrubber. I couldn't even do that too well - so I layered it with Brin de Réglisse and now I can breathe a little better... At least for a little while - the jasmine creeps up again after an hour or so, making both a scrubber once more!
For that price, or a little bit higher, you can get yourself a sample of pure jasmine absolute from a reputable supplier such as White Lotus Aromatics or Eden Botanicals, and dilute it in an oil of your choice (or get the jojoba-oil 10% dilution). I guarantee you will enjoy it much more. If you are interested in authentic, modern-day Arabian perfumes that are all-natural and beautifully crafted, I recommend you visit Amal Al-Kuwait's website. They are the real deal, and their Fatima perfume has loads of natural jasmine grandiflorum absolute, along with oud.


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Miss Arianna
Arianna Dechalus
Miss Arianna is from Colchester, CT. She recently graduated from Bacon Academy High School and will be furthering her education at Mitchell College with a major in Criminal Justice. She will continue training in dance at Doreen's Dance Center and Studio 8-Sixty.
Arianna started dancing at Doreen's at age 2 years old and was invited the competition team at age 7. After dancing at Doreen's for 16 years Arianna is now transitioning into the role of teacher and couldn't be more thankful to be surrounded but such warm hearted staff and dancers.
"Growing up at DDC has taught me so much more than just dance... it has taught me how to be open minded; while thinking outside the box and how to work with others while being comfortable in your own skin.
While going into this amazing role of training dancers, I wish and hope that each and everyone of them can find themselves and feel confident after each and every class. My goal; as a teacher at Doreen's, is to make everyone feel at home."
DDC is excited to welcome Arianna home as part of the teaching staff.


I am very pleased to share the news that we have earned the 2019 Best in KLAS award in the category of Technical Services. We are honored to receive this prestigious industry award. To our clients, thank you for taking the time to participate in the KLAS surveys and for providing excellent feedback on our work.
We had the privilege of working with 133 unique healthcare organizations in 2018 and they have given excellent feedback to KLAS. I am proud to say in our eighteenth year of providing consulting services we continue to meet and exceed our clients' expectations. Our consulting staff works each day to meet the increasingly complex and diverse needs of our clients. They, and our entire staff, make client satisfaction a guiding principle.
Since we began participating in the KLAS surveys, this is our fourth Best in KLAS distinction, receiving 2015/2016 Best in KLAS for HIT Enterprise Implementation Leadership, 2014 Best in KLAS for Planning and Assessment and 2012 Best in KLAS for Clinical Implementation Supportive. NHA was also recognized as Category Leader for 2014 in the Staff Augmentation category. We remain highly rated in each of these categories.
Note that KLAS defines the Technical Services category as projects in the following areas: data migration/conversion, interfacing/integration, report writing, system design/build and system testing. NHA's respective projects include report writing, analytics, proration, data repository support and interfacing.
We encourage you to reference the "2019 Best in KLAS Awards: Software and Services" report for full details.
Congratulations to MEDITECH who also achieved a 2019 Best in KLAS recognition. MEDITECH has been ranked Best in KLAS for Acute Care EMR – Canada. Click here to read their recent press release.
For those who attended last fall's MEDITECH Physician/CIO Forum, one of the keynote addresses was given by Taylor Davis of KLAS. We believe their research provided critical insight into the approach necessary to increase physician satisfaction. MEDITECH recently published a blog post highlighting this topic.
NHA was recently asked to identify realizable benefits for Canadian hospitals that migrate to Expanse. While we have completed many of these in the U.S., we needed to understand the differences in the business model for delivering healthcare. Although the impact of some of the benefits associated with revenue cycle management and charge capture are not as significant, most of the other advantages resonate, such as clinician productivity and satisfaction, improved patient safety, improved patient engagement tools and streamlined workflows. We also recognize differences unique to Canada such as metrics for quality based procedure indicators.
If your hospital is considering migrating to Expanse and need information to create the business case for the realizable return on this investment, contact David Wittig.
The Canadian Forum at this year's HIMSS conference will be held on Tuesday, February 12 from 10:30 am – 2:30 pm (EST) in room W315B. MEDITECH will be the sole sponsor of the HIMSS Canadian Forum. Join your peers at this event, which consists of three separate sessions sharing Canada's digital health initiatives. MEDITECH will have several clinicians at their booth, #3921, including Parminder Ghuman, RN, Medical Informatics Liaison at Humber River Hospital, Toronto.
MEDITECH continues to expand deployment of CommonWell and shares this update from Northwestern Medical Center of St. Albans, Vermont, their second site to go LIVE. NHA is aware MEDITECH hospitals using CommonWell are exchanging records with other providers who use Cerner and Athenahealth.
CommonWell and Carequality have agreements in place to share information. MEDITECH's offering to connect to Carequality via CommonWell is currently being finalized.
If you are attending HIMSS, visit the Interoperability Showcase to see what is operational today and learn what is pending.
Interfacing will be a major component for meeting several of the Promoting Interoperability (PI)/Meaningful Use (MU) measures contained in the 2019 Stage 3 requirements, as well as meeting the appropriate use criteria (AUC) requirements for outpatient advanced imaging.
Within PI's Patient Electronic Access measure, the implementation of MEDITECH's RESTful Application Programming Interface (API) Infrastructure and Interoperability Services (IOPS) is required to allow MEDITECH to communicate with third-party API-based applications. Installing the RESTful API infrastructure requires additional web servers and customer networking (or third-party integrator assistance).
During development of the 2015 certified versions of their platforms, MEDITECH made a design decision to use API interfacing as an integral part of creating and transmitting Continuity of Care Documents (CCDs). Without API functionality, CCDs will not be correctly produced or properly transmitted. With the new compliance scoring method, sites unable to produce a CCD will lose at least 20 points from their final score.
The installation and implementation of the RESTful API Infrastructure and IOPS is required in order to provide the infrastructure for implementing the Protecting Access to Medicare Act (PAMA) Advanced Imaging AUC, due to be in production January 1, 2020.
MEDITECH is participating in CommonWell, a multi-EHR vendor service that allows hospitals to share patient information such as patient identification, linking and enrollment, record location, data query and retrieval. In order to participate in CommonWell, and have the ability to query, request and receive patient information from other sites using MEDITECH and other third-party EHRs, hospitals will need to have API interfacing in place. Access to CommonWell is currently available in 6.15 and Expanse, with general availability for Client/Server targeted for later this year.
For more information or support on this or other regulatory topics, contact your NHA engagement executive or call us at 888-837-1300.
Not only do our consultants know MEDITECH's software, they understand hospital operations as they have lived it. This enables us to facilitate workflow processes and change management to drive best practices.
MEDITECH will be at booth #3921.
On Tuesday, February 12 at 12:30 MEDITECH will be hosting a Tweetup from their booth focused on the nurses' voice. Click here for more details.
Stop by this session for a sneak peak of MEDITECH Expanse Population Health. See how this solution's comprehensive care management and population analytics features empower care teams to manage patient populations across all settings.
Learn how MEDITECH and Nuance are integrating voice commands into the Expanse EHR to streamline physician workflows. Click here to register.
Learn about Greenfield, MEDITECH's new app development environment supported by RESTful APIs. Attend this interactive panel with MEDITECH's API experts alongside early adopter Forward Advantage, to see how Greenfield will help cultivate user-friendly innovations in healthcare. Click here to register.
MEDITECH will be the sole sponsor of the HIMSS Canadian forum. Join your peers at this event, which consists of three separate sessions sharing Canada's digital health initiatives.
Hear strategies from key industry thought leaders, exchange best practices, and build relationships during this exclusive event.
MEDITECH will be participating in the Interoperability Showcase throughout the conference at booth #9100.
Click here to see a list of education sessions being provided by a variety of MEDITECH clients.
MEDITECH will hold its annual customer appreciation event at Mango's Tropical Café, Wednesday, February 13 from 7-10 pm (EST). Click here to register for this popular event. NHA is proud to be a sponsor of this event.
For further details on MEDITECH's presence at HIMSS, click here to read their HIMSS preview press release.
NHA will also have a strong presence at HIMSS19. If you are interested in meeting with one of our executives, click here to request a meeting.
Congratulations to our client Goshen Hospital for earning their fourth Magnet® designation from the American Nurses Credentialing Center.
Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences shares the story of their migration to standardized care and the impact on patient safety.
Congratulations to Lane Regional Medical Center of Zachary, Louisiana on their recent Go-LIVE on Expanse including Ambulatory. NHA was pleased to be the READY certified partner for this implementation.
February 6, 2:00 PM | 60 min.
Learn how MEDITECH Expanse Point of Care (POC) is reshaping workflows for the clinician and patient experience. Attendees will see how they can complete tasks such as quick patient/medication verification and intervention documentation, using nothing more than a smartphone.
February 22, 3:00 PM | 60 min.
Join Dr. Upendra Thaker from Mount Nittany Medical Center and Dan Seltzer from MEDITECH — the team leaders of our integrated Opioid Stewardship Toolkit — as they introduce its evidence- and experience-based tools and clinical decision support interventions.
NHA offers the client job board as a free service to the MEDITECH community.
Job Seekers: If you are interested in exploring positions at other organizations, visit the client job board section of our website often. Feel free to refer colleagues!
Recruiters: If you would like to include your organization's listing on the client job board, please email the job description and candidate application instructions to Katie Kelly. No recruiting firms, please.


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OTP Tuesday: T'Challa/Nakia
Colleen Etman·
· February 27, 2018 ·7 min read
Presenting OTP Tuesday! Each Tuesday I will introduce you to a new One True Pairing! Tune in each week to find out which fictional couple you need to agonize/squee over next. I finally got to see Black Panther, so I need to talk about the king and future queen of Wakanda (and my heart): T'Challa/Nakia.
Who Are T'Challa/Nakia?
T'Challa/Nakia is the pairing of two characters from the newest MCU offering, Black Panther. Seeing as the movie literally just came out, there's not a ship name yet, but I imagine there will be before long. This pairing is set to get huge: King T'Challa of Wakanda and Nakia, a spy.
T'Challa
T'Challa was, in my opinion, the breakout star of Captain America: Civil War (sorry, Spidey!). Civil War is far from my favorite MCU offering, but among all the incongruities and let-downs emerged one shining beacon: T'Challa, the Black Panther. In a movie that focuses on squabbling and pettiness, T'Challa is a smooth, eloquent, and noble hero.
In Civil War, T'Challa is the prince of Wakanda, an African nation that produces vibranium. Wakanda masquerades as a third world country but is actually more technologically advanced than anywhere else on the planet. They hide their resources to preserve their way of life — and they have a guardian, the Black Panther. He is endowed with the gifts of the goddess Bast.
The king of Wakanda, T'Chaka, dies in Civil War. T'Challa is distraught at the loss of his father and blames Bucky Barnes. However, when it comes out that Bucky was framed, T'Challa acknowledges his mistake and tries to right his wrongs by offering sanctuary to Bucky.
In Black Panther, T'Challa returns to Wakanda to ascend the throne. A hiccup comes up when T'Challa's heretofore unknown cousin, Erik "Killmonger," challenges him for the throne. The son of T'Challa's uncle, Erik was raised in America and is bitter about his life. He wants to use Wakanda's resources to help black people around the globe.
Although Killmonger's violent ways are wrong, T'Challa takes his message of outreach to heart. At the end of Black Panther, Wakanda emerges from its self-imposed isolation and seeks to improve the world at large. Of course, Erik was not the only one to urge this course — Nakia did too.
Nakia
Nakia first appears in Black Panther, but man, I need her in about twelve more movies, stat. In a movie full of powerful, awesome ladies, Nakia has a lot of competition for our attention — but she succeeds.
Nakia is a Wakandan spy and T'Challa's ex-girlfriend. We first meet Nakia when T'Challa goes on a mission to retrieve her. She has been on a mission to rescue kidnapped women. During T'Challa's "rescue," Nakia quietly takes down many of the kidnappers herself. Initially, she is mad at T'Challa for interrupting her work but forgives him when he reveals T'Chaka's death.
We later learn that Nakia is a royal member of the River Tribe. She is given a chance to challenge T'Challa for the throne, though she declines. However, she challenges T'Challa to be a better king than any that have come before him. Nakia disagrees with Wakanda's isolationism, and she pushes T'Challa to help people outside of their borders.
Nakia accompanies T'Challa and the head of the Dora Milaje, Okoye, on a mission to apprehend Klaue, a vibranium smuggler. During a battle, she is saved by Everett Ross, a CIA agent. They bring Ross back to Wakanda to save his life.
When Killmonger shows up, Nakia is invaluable. Okoye will not go against her rightful king, but Nakia is a spy, not a soldier. She smuggles T'Challa's mother and sister Shuri out of the country. They seek aid from another tribe and find T'Challa still alive. Later, Nakia helps Ross and Shuri defeat Killmonger. In the end, she convinces T'Challa that aiding others is a valuable cause, and he asks her to stay and help him in this endeavor.
Why is T'Challa/Nakia OTP?
Some ships grow on me over time. Some come out of nowhere when I read a fanfiction or something, and I suddenly find myself shipping it.
But T'Challa/Nakia had me hooked from the start. The moment Okoye tells T'Challa not to freeze when he sees Nakia, I was all aboard the S.S. T'Challa/Nakia. When Nakia sasses T'Challa and holds her own, I was ready to sail away.
This pairing is so addictive. All of their interactions are smooth, yet charged. They push off each other and achieve new heights together. This is a ship that encourages growth and learning. I just really love T'Challa/Nakia.
The King and Spy
I walked out of Black Panther 1000% in love with the Dora Milaje. Powerful, kickass ladies are so my aesthetic. I am always here for a group of women being large and in charge. But Nakia is not a Dora, something she very clearly states in the movie. But you know what — that makes her all the better, especially for T'Challa.
Nakia is a spy. She goes undercover, rather than overtly using force. She relies on tricks and deception. But while that could be seen by many as a bad thing, Nakia is respected for her work and her skills. T'Challa respects her and sees her as a talented, important person.
T'Challa doesn't need another soldier. He has Okoye and the Dora Milaje to always have his back and support him. What T'Challa needs is someone to challenge him. Sure, he has Shuri to keep him on his toes, but Nakia pushes T'Challa.
The issue of Wakandan isolationism defines Black Panther. Though Erik is wrong in what he tries to do, he is right to argue that Wakanda ought to help those less fortunate. Nakia sees this. Even before Killmonger shows up, she argues with T'Challa that they need to do better for other people. That is why Nakia is a spy — it allows her to help others without breaking Wakandan protocol.
Fanfic Friday: 5 Sharon Carter/Sam Wilson Fic Recs
Joanis Baino·
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Nakia is incredibly dedicated to her work. She knows this is the best way for her to help improve the lives of others, and that is more important to her than anything. When T'Challa wants her to stay and be his queen, she is initially resistant because she is capable of doing good. T'Challa needs someone like Nakia on his side, to remind him of how good he can be.
Who Rescues Who?
The dynamic in the T'Challa/Nakia relationship is beyond perfection. One party is a king and a superhero, with superhuman powers. The other is a spy, dealing in shadows and tricks. It would be easy for T'Challa to be seen as the more powerful one, to overrule Nakia and to be the one in charge.
That is not what happens in this pairing. At first, T'Challa going to retrieve Nakia seems like a rescue mission — he is rescuing her from kidnappers. But when he finds her, Nakia berates him for ruining her undercover mission. She takes out kidnappers on her own and definitely doesn't need him to rescue her.
Conversely, later in the movie, Nakia is the one who does the rescuing. T'Challa is presumed dead after a duel with Killmonger. Rather than wallow, Nakia rescues the queen and Shuri. She also sneaks into the palace to rescue the heart-shaped herb, which gives T'Challa his powers. She then attempts to ally with a former adversary, M'Baku, to save Wakanda.
M'Baku actually rescued T'Challa, who is not dead, though he is close. Because Nakia saved the herb, they are able to revive T'Challa. Then, they all work together to defeat Killmonger. Without Nakia's quick-thinking and bravery, T'Challa would have died. T'Challa is the one to defeat Killmonger; I don't want to disregard that. But he only has the chance because of Nakia's actions.
In the end, Nakia and T'Challa are able to come together as equals. She is willing to stay with him because he has seen her point of view. He values her input and puts her in charge of social outreach, allowing her to dedicate herself to the cause she is passionate about. He respects that she cares, and she loves him in turn.
What's Next for T'Challa/Nakia?
Unfortunately, Infinity War is what's next. My poor children will be put in grave peril as angry grape Thanos attacks Earth. T'Challa features heavily in the Infinity War trailers, so he's likely to play a big part. With so many characters in the movie, Nakia will not likely have a major role — but she is scheduled to appear (according to her wikia page), so we'll have to see what happens.
It's also incredibly likely that Black Panther will have a sequel. The MCU is very sequel heavy, and to be honest, Marvel would be insane not to have a sequel to Black Panther's blow-away box office success. So although we don't have confirmation yet, we will likely get a hefty dose of T'Challa/Nakia in a future Black Panther sequel — or even series!
Is T'Challa/Nakia Canon?
Yes! The movie confirmed that there is a romantic relationship between these two. Shuri refers to Nakia as T'Challa's ex, proving that they have previously been together. T'Challa jokes that Nakia would make a good queen.
In the end, T'Challa asks Nakia to stay and head up his Wakandan outreach initiatives. Though there's no sweeping romantic moment where he asks her to be his queen, it's pretty implied. The fact that T'Challa tells Shuri that Nakia is working on his outreach shows that she agreed to stay. They're holding hands in the post-credit scene at the United Nations!
Future movies will hopefully develop this relationship further, but so far we at least know that there is something canon here!
Black PantherNakiaotp tuesdayT'ChallaWakanda
Colleen Etman
Fandom Author
Writer, editor, and grad student with a passion for all things pop culture. Ready to squeal, debate, over-analyze, and fangirl at any moment!
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Counselors at Sacred Hearts Academy celebrate National School Counseling Week. (Left to right) Fiona Hayashi, Marcia Chaddock, Angela Dolan, Randy Fong and Anna Miyashiro.
One Sacred Hearts Academy counselor is new to the tradition. Marcia Chaddock started working at the Academy this year, counseling students in the ninth grade.
Although the job of a counselor may be taxing at times, she says, it is also rewarding.
Prior to the Academy, Chaddock was a counselor at a school in Seattle for five years. She compared the environment at her last school to that of the Academy.
"(The Academy has a) similar population (but is a school with) different kinds of challenges," Chaddock said.
In Seattle, Chaddock served as counselor to all grade levels. She describes counseling the ninth grade to be a bit more challenging than other grades.
"The transition from middle school to high school can be difficult," she said, referring to the increased workload and social pressures of meeting new people.
Nearing the end of this week's celebration, Chaddock has received a few informal visits from students thanking her for her efforts.


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Watches & Jewellery:
Watches & jewellery | 2 weeks ago | By Hannah Silver
Gerald Genta's mischievous Mickey Mouse watch design is rethought for a new era
The Gerald Genta Retrograde with Smiling Disney Mickey Mouse watch pays tribute to Genta's humorous design codes
Watchmaker Gerald Genta breathed new life into the watchmaking industry with his innovative watch designs throughout the 20th century, creating iconic pieces for watch brands including Audemars Piguet, Bulgari, Patek Philippe and Omega. The Audemars Piguet Royal Oak, Bulgari Bulgari, Omega Constellation and Patek Philippe Nautilus are amongst his most well-known creations, before he began his own atelier in 1982.
The Gerald Genta brand, which has been owned by the Bulgari group since 2000, continues with the subversive spirit that characterised his designs. Now, his playful approach has been brought to life once again in the limited edition Gerald Genta Retrograde with Smiling Disney Mickey Mouse. By featuring the mischievous mouse motif, it nods to Genta's habit of using Mickey Mouse in high-end watches, the first designer to do so.
Gerald Genta and Mickey Mouse
The new watch builds on the 2019 piece released to mark the brand's 50th anniversary, before being rethought in titanium the following year and joining the Arena collection. In this new piece, the famous mouse rests on a rhodium-plated sunburst dial in a polished stainless steel case, with his left arm indicating the minutes.
For Bulgari watch design director Fabrizio Buonamassa, it encapsulates Genta's philosophy. 'Gerald Genta designed iconic products we still use today, but for me the important thing is that he was a designer with a strong artistic sense,' he says.
'Bulgari created watches with him because there were aspects of his creativity that were interesting, such as the unusual use of technological material. For the first time, we see Mickey Mouse on a high-end watch with different movements and different characters. It's part of the spirit of Gerald Genta, with unexpected objects making these characters come alive on the dial and creating scenes, or simply telling the time in a much more ironic way. It was a very important collaboration and still today there are many collectors who appreciate these products.' §
geraldgenta.com


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Rada Ministrów ZSRR, ros. Сове́т мини́стров СССР (w skrócie Совмин СССР; СМ СССР; synonim Правительство СССР) – w latach 1946–1991 najwyższy organ państwowej władzy wykonawczej Związku Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich. Poprzednikiem rady była Rada Komisarzy Ludowych ZSRR.

RM ZSRR miała prawo do inicjatywy ustawodawczej. Została rozwiązana w lutym 1991 w związku z utworzeniem Gabinetu Ministrów przy Prezydencie ZSRR.

Przewodniczący (premier)
 Józef Stalin (1946–5.3.1953),
 Gieorgij Malenkow (5.3.1953–8.2.1955),
 Nikołaj Bułganin (8.2.1955–27.3.1958),
 Nikita Chruszczow (27.3.1958–15.10.1964),
 Aleksiej Kosygin (15.10.1964–23.10.1980),
 Nikołaj Tichonow (23.10.1980–27.9.1985),
 Nikołaj Ryżkow (27.9.1985–26.12.1990).

Przypisy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


3 architectural drawings on 1 sheet, Competition entry 158, City Hall and Square Competition, Toronto, 1958, by William Hayward and Associates of the United States. Section drawings of office block with potential for expansion. This entry was a finalist.
William Hayward and Associates., "William Hayward and Associates entry City Hall and Square Competition, Toronto, 1958, sections of office block," TPL Virtual Exhibits, accessed April 19, 2019, http://omeka.tplcs.ca/virtual-exhibits/items/show/1127.


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Home News Total to become net-zero company 2050
Total to become net-zero company 2050
Questions have been repeatedly asked by curious-minded people I have had occasion to speak with whether the coronavirus "pandemic" would not eventually be a blessing in disguise inspite of the fact that it has pounded countries and economies across the globe. They have also been wondering how come the unprecedented global action toward curtailing its spread – the drastic measures at reducing human contact which eventually impeded all economic activities – with "shutdowns" or "lockdowns" that seemed to have brought about emissions reductions to some level although with its associated high cost in terms of economic activity according to them.
Will the pandemic eventually bring the global temperature goal of maintaining global warming 'well below 2°C' back into reach? Is there any lesson to learn from the current stalemate in terms of collective climate action?
For society to achieve a 1.5° Celsius future, the world is likely to need to stop adding to the stock of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere – a state known as net-zero emissions – by around 2060. Advanced parts of the world are likely to need to reach that point by 2050. French oil major Total says it is committed to that course, as well as determined to achieve it on target.
Commenting after Total announced its intention to become a net-zero company by 2050, Valentina Kretzschmar, Wood Mackenzie Vice President of Corporate Research, said:
"Total has joined the European Majors' net zero carbon club, committing to achieving carbon neutrality from Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions (from selected parts of its global business) – significantly increasing its previously stated targets.
"Total has led energy transition efforts among the Majors and is the largest spender, accounting for almost 60% of the European Majors' total M&A spend in renewables, or nearly US$5 billion since 2016. The company's deeper commitment to meeting carbon targets shows its unwavering strategic direction towards diversification into clean energies, despite low oil prices and the implementation of cost-cutting measures across its oil and gas businesses.
"The move is a positive development for the energy transition within the oil and gas sector, which we expect will accelerate in a post-coronavirus world, especially in Europe. The EU Green Deal, as well as the UK's aim to achieve net zero carbon by 2050, will continue to increase pressure on companies to commit to clean energy and develop carbon mitigation strategies."
Net zero emission according to several media sources means that all man-made greenhouse gas emissions must be removed from the atmosphere through reduction measures, thus reducing the Earth's net climate balance, after removal through natural and artificial sink.
Previous articleUdom Inoyo Retires from ExxonMobil
Next articleExxonMobil lends its weight against Covid, makes donations


A bill to direct the Secretary of Energy and the Secretary of Commerce to conduct a study of the feasibility of establishing an ethane storage and distribution hub in the United States.
This bill was introduced on May 9, 2017, in a previous session of Congress, but was not enacted.
S. 1075 (115th) was a bill in the United States Congress.
Appalachian Ethane Storage Hub Study Act, S. 1075, 115th Cong. (2017).


The "UX" Rack provides economical, secure bicycle parking which is ideal for apartments, retail outlets, office malls, or other settings where appearance is important but economy is a consideration. The "UX" Rack allows the use of "U"-type locks and provides two-point contact when the bike is resting against it. "UX" Racks are 34" high and constructed with 1.90" and 2-3/8" OD steel tubing. All "U" Racks can ship via UPS.


Well maintained & constructed home located on the 9th fairway of Lk Cushman Golf Course. 2 bed 2.5 bath with open floorplan & vaulted ceilings. Wall of windows to take in the view and let in the natural light. Beautiful brick corner fireplace. Wrap around deck on 3 sides of home. Low maintenance yard. 2 car detached garage. Located in area of nice homes. Close to clubhouse, driving range, tennis & basketball courts. Ownership provides access to private parks, boat launches, playgrounds.


Today, we speak with Julie Fredrickson, Co-Founder & CEO of playAPI, a platform for creating social games and applications for brands to leverage their social followings.
When Phil and I started our first company, Coutorture Media, in 2006 there were very few sibling companies based in the city. Media and fashion are vibrant industries in New York, but we were probably one of only a handful of companies tackling fashion tech or new media at the time. There were no meetups (for fashion tech), no established players and very few angels and investors focused on our space. Now New York is packed with incumbents, established players, and diverse investors. Amazing how much can change in less than a decade!
We believe the biggest opportunities exist in leveraging new technologies and entrepreneurial thinking to industries that are already vibrant in New York.
The investor and general venture capital community has little to no domain experience in the industries that crave innovation the most. Entire industries, like marketing, are virtually untouched and the real opportunities often don't fit neatly into the categories that make the traditionalists comfortable.
playAPI is our second start up in New York, so we are passionate advocates of the city as a home base. We are major also advocates of the creative industries such as fashion and advertising, and we are committed to serving the wider marketing community by improving agency and publisher margins while delivery a product that helps brands tell the stories that create customers for them.
Read what other thought leaders are saying in the "Pulse of the Alley".


I have been teaching the Kids Can Sew program for almost 18 years. In doing so, I have met so many wonderful and talented children. Some, now young women and men, have gone on to FIT and other schools of fashion and design. One of my first students has her own business designing swimsuits. Others have gone on to college, travelled and become Moms and Dads.
Starting today I will no longer be teaching the Kids Can Sew program. There are other things that I would like to try. I am getting more requests for alterations, construction of pillows and cushions, and draperies. Prom and wedding season are always hectic and fun.
I will still be teaching hand and machine sewing. These will be private lessons based on your own specific needs.
Thank you for supporting me through these many years.
One more week and this years Prom season will be over in my area of New York.
This year I had girls from Saratoga Springs, Galway, Salem, Cambridge, South Glens Falls, Hoosick Falls and Schuylerville. Some of girls have been coming to the shop for years. I have had the privilege of watching them become amazing young ladies. Others, I met for the first time and look forward to seeing them again.
Mom's, thank you for choosing me, myself & I to do your alterations.
All is well. The construction is finished and the doors are open.
Some repairs, some remodeling, some re-organization! And the shop has been transformed!
I am now Drapery Certified by the Decorating Diva, Pam Damour!
I had the pleasure of recently attending Pam Damour's Boot Camp which teaches drapery workroom techniques. Pam holds these workshops at her home & workshop in Champlain, NY. These are very exclusive as there are only a handful of students in attendance. During these sessions, Pam shares her 33+ years of experience in the industry. Even experienced sewers like myself come away from these workshops learn the latest techniques and have a chance to practice and sharpen our skills!
As a result of this workshop, I am now certified to teach under the Pam Damour – Damour Drapery School name!
Look for photos of some of my projects and more info on my drapery offerings in the future!
Summer time is a GREAT time for sewing classes!
Learn new skills – alone or with several of your friends! We offer a number of classes for all age groups!
Visit the Our Current Classes page for all the latest information!
This year the Saratoga County Fair is July 21-26.
If you plan on entering a Home Arts or Fine Arts project you must have your entry in by July 11 at 5:00PM.


Featuring a tennis court and a garden, Whistler Log Cabin Suite offers accommodation in Whistler, 7 km from Alpha Lake Park and 28 km from Whistler Olympic Park. The accommodation is 500 metres from the Scandinave Spa Whistler and features free WiFi. The apartment comes with a cable flat-screen TV and a living room. The kitchen is fitted with a dishwasher, an oven and a toaster, as well as coffee machine. The apartment offers a children's playground. This property features a terrace. Whistler Mountain is 2 km from Whistler Log Cabin Suite.
Please inform Whistler Log Cabin Suite in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation.
A damage deposit of CAD 350 is required on arrival. This will be collected by credit card. You should be reimbursed within 7 days of check-out. Your deposit will be refunded in full via credit card, subject to an inspection of the property.
The property will send guests a credit card authorization form that will need to be completed and returned to the property within 24 hours.


Owned by the City & County of San Francisco, Sutter Stockton Garage is a multi-level, 858,300-square-foot, parking facility accommodating 1,865 vehicles. It serves the Union Square and Downtown districts of the City, and it is the second of three municipal garages at which the NES Garage DCV System was installed to control mechanical ventilation.
City engineers designed in five (5), new fan wall units and nine (9), stand-alone garage ventilation motors possessing a combined 150 HP. Sutter Stockton is open 24/7, which equates to 8,760 hours of runtime per year for each garage-fan motor. With no means of control, Sutter Stockton's new mechanical ventilation system would consume 802,000-plus kilowatt-hours (kWh) per calendar at $0.15/kWh. That amounts to $120,500+ per year in ventilation costs, not including future utility rate hikes.
Forty (40) BACnet-communicating carbon monoxide (CO) sensors installed throughout the garage's enclosed areas provide instantaneous feedback to a single NES TR100 controller. The NES controller then relays speed commands – via VFDs – to the garage's exhaust/supply fan motors, increasing and decreasing motor speeds in proportion to CO levels. This approach, when deployed with proprietary NES controller sequencing, routinely captures kWh and peak kW demand savings in the range of 95% – and, in some in instances, greater.
NES TR Series controllers monitor energy consumption on a real-time basis. Ongoing data logging shows the NES System is limiting the power (kW) consumption of the Sutter Stockton garage exhaust and supply fan motors to just 4% of their combined, full-speed power (kW) draw. The rate or percentage of savings at the garage has remained in the range of 96% since the NES System commissioning, slashing energy costs which otherwise would have been incurred by 96%.


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Nha Trang Travel
Agent Orange Exposure|Vietnam Veterans
Hamilton Dawes
Lieutenant Susan M. Poppendieck US Army
Harold "Bud" Allison
Jackie Ramsey
Lansford Trapp
James Crowley
Ralph J. Yargo
Mrs. Judy Duncan
Christopher Cole Adams
Joel Hanna
George W. Pearson
Duke R. Bischoff
Mike Martindale
Ron Dorsey
Malrieta Clauson
James R. Pointer
Jed Chute
Matias B.
As Interviewed by Anthony Carlos, March 4, 2019
Duke R. Bischoff: In His Own Words
I, Anthony Carlos, interview my neighbor, Duke, about the Vietnam War.
What was happening with the average American at that time?
Before Vietnam? Yes. I was the oldest of twelve children, in a large Catholic family. I didn't smoke or drink, and I went to the Marine Corps at nineteen years old to serve my country. I spent a couple of time in the States, then went to Vietnam. Upon arriving in Vietnam, it kinda caught up like with everyone else. We couldn't believe what was going on over there. It changed my world completely. After coming back I was one of the lucky ones because I had a large family to go back to. I'll tell you no one talked about Vietnam when you came back. It was old thoughts of wars gone by that you didn't ask about what happened, so, you just kinda lived your own life and stayed quiet about.
Alright, so, how did you end up a soldier? Were you drafted or did you enlist?
No, I volunteered for the Marine Corps in 1965, before actually anything started happening. And in '67 -- I volunteered to go to Vietnam in July of '67.
So what was the average life for a soldier?
Average life, in Vietnam? Easy, quiet, most of the time, on base behind the wire. Very, very hectic on the outside of the wire.
Alright now, I kinda know a little about this one because you were in Khe Sanh*, but were you in any other major conflicts of the war?
Yes. I happened to be a Marine, and I went with a group of Marines at the First Battalion and Ninth Battalion. Those Marines happened to be the first combat troops in the Vietnam, and in February of '65. Being the first combat Marines in Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh* said that he would annihilate them. So we became "The Walking Dead" at that time. And we spent four years in country. I didn't spend four years, my unit spent four years, the longest of any Vietnam -- any Marine tour ever.
Alright this one might be a little personal, do you remember any specific soldiers that fought with you or you remember that are relevant?
Yes I do. I've got very good friends- friends I remember and friends I see. Not many. Two that I see, three-four-five that I think about a lot.
Alright so how long did you spend in the war itself?
I was there for twelve and a half months.
So what was your overall opinion on the war. Were you pro or anti?
At the time since I volunteered, I was like many Americans going to stop communism in 1967. By '68 or '69, the country was against the war -- well the country was already against the war, but it got really bad January of '68 during the Tet Offensive* something changed in the whole country. That was half way through my tour. Go head.
Now, I understand it must have been very hard -- because, when you got back cause the people who were Pro, for it, were mad with you or upset with you because you guys lost, or the people who were against the war were mad at you because you fought in the war.
Right. It was-there was a lot of people that were obviously against the war, my own personal instance was I went back to a large family who didn't speak about the war. Everybody in my family -- many people -- the older people had the mindset of the fact that after WWII, they didn't talk about it. They just went on with their lives, and so that applied to me. I went back and didn't talk about it with my family, they went on with their lives. I'll give you an interesting note though. About ten years later I saw on an application. It asked if you were a Vietnam veteran, and that actually concerned me -- it scared me. "Why do you want to know that?"
Yes. During the time and during Vietnam you were either for the war or against (as previously mentioned). So you were either "Make Peace Not War" and that whole slogan and belief. Or you were against the communists. And, I understand that at the end of the war, both sides were kinda angry at you. One of the sides being because you fought in the war which they didn't really like, and the other people were upset with you because we lost at the end, which is what I read. can you please elaborate?
Yeah, run it by me one more I didn't quite catch all that.
So when you came back a lot of people were mad at you for fighting in the war, or they were mad at you for losing it.
Ok, how would I address that? I guess I can just give you how it worked out for me. When I came back, like I said, I was able to join a large family that didn't talk much about we just went on about life. But I did notice I became a bit of an -- to be frank and honest -- an alcoholic. Started drinking heavy, very heavy, for about ten years. Which was what most veterans did.
Veterans that were tense and had issues to come back with -- that's always been a problem for them. But I was lucky enough to be able to just blend in there and not talk about it so to speak. I didn't go anywhere where people weren't happy with it. I didn't protest the war. I think I did my part and left it. I didn't have feelings about the war being as wrong as it was. I didn't realize that until later when I looked back on it and see what really happened. And that's a whole other story. So, does that help your question at all?
Was that all you wanted me to answer?
I think I just need one more question. What was the Vietnam War fought over?
What was it fought over?
That was kind of unclear.
OK. First of all, the war was being fought over to protect that part of the world from communism. So that communism didn't spread, something we were taught ever since the end of WWII to Korea: to stop communism. So of course we were there to stop communism. But it turns out the tactics and methods that we used just didn't work. The reason why they didn't work was because, in my own belief system, is because you can't take a country away from its people. So you can't go in and fight and tell them what to do -- it's been that way forever, ever since the Revolutionary War.
So the military and Korean forces, they used a chemical called Agent Orange* so that they could draw out some of the VCs* out of the forests. Now, I understand that a lot of other American and Korean troops were also afflicted by it. So are you or have you ever currently been afflicted by Agent Orange today?
No. I don't have any diseases attributed from Agent Orange.
[Afterwards, Duke then showed me some souvenirs he had brought back from Vietnam]
They had to come up with bullets and band-aids and beans, you know, to keep everybody going, right? And this war was so well-supplied. I bought cameras to take pictures on the DMC. They had tape recorders up there. So everybody -- so the manufacturers made a lot of money shipping it to Vietnam, out to the veterans. So it's a big deal, you know.
Here, see the poverty? And what's that there?
Liquor being sold on the side of the road -- this is taken by the side of a truck. Where did they get that liquor?
The black market, yeah. And so it ships into Nha Trang*, goes out the back door, it's all duh, duh, duh, duh, duh. Understand?
So yeah. That's what it was. A whole lot of people making a whole lot of money.
[Podcast ends]
*Khe Sanh - One of the most bloody battles in the Vietnam war.
*Ho Chi Minh - Communist leader of North Vietnam
*Agent Orange - A chemical that was used to draw out out N. Vietnamese troops. Unfortunately it causes many diseases. Many Vietnam veterans had to be treated due to its toxic effects.
*VCs - an abbreviation for the word VietCong, the name given to the communist forces from Northern Vietnam.
*Nha Trang - A major port city in Vietnam.


If you have a licence code or username and password, click on the product below to get started.
Packed with tools and information to help students make better choices about options for post-16, 18 and their future career.
Previously Adult Directions. Supports adults to explore new career and training opportunities to support them into sustainable employment.
Created to help advisers and teachers make setting up users and groups, editing details, monitoring activity and evaluating results, much simpler.
Designed to help KS3 students understand their skills and future options and make choices about which subjects to study.
Developed for primary school pupils to encourage exploration of the world of work in a fun, interactive way.
Includes information on opportunities in many industry sectors, links learning decisions to career options and provides enhanced information to support career learning and training planning.


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/ UNRWA condemns Israel's demolition of Salhiah family home in Sheikh Jarrah neighbourhood
/ INTERPOL asks UAE to arrest Ex-Spanish King's longstanding friend
/ Moroccan official says restoring relations with Spain needs a lot of clarity
/ UN says at least one child died in snowstorm in northern Syria
/ Chances of plea deal for Israel's ex-PM Benjamin Netanyahu receding
Israel has a new right-wing party
January 3, 2019 at 10:51 am | Published in: Article, Israel, Israeli Elections, Middle East, Opinion, Palestine
Israeli Education Minister Naftali Bennett (L) speaks as he and Justice Minister Ayelet Shaked (R) give a statement at the Knesset in Jerusalem on 19 November, 2018 [THOMAS COEX/AFP/Getty Images]
Antoine Shalhat
When two Israeli ministers from the Jewish Home Party announced that they were forming a new right-wing party, many analysts sought a definition that would encompass the description in every way. Years ago, "New Right" was used for a number of purposes, one of which was to differentiate between it and the "revisionist right" conceived and led by Ze'ev Jabotinsky. Former Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin went on to succeed Jabotinsky.
Influenced by the ideas of its founder, the Likud Party adopted an ideological approach that rejected any division of historic Palestine, even after the occupation of the Palestinian territories in 1967. However, alongside its nationalistic approach to "Greater Israel", it also adopted a liberal approach to the economy and, to some extent, civil and individual rights. Jabotinsky did not believe there was a contradiction between the nationalist and liberal approach and instead believed that the "national conflict" lied in imposing Israeli sovereignty over the territories in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, and to grant Palestinians in these areas individual civil and political rights within the framework of the self-declared Jewish state. Begin, at least on a declarative level, backed down from this matter in the context of the Camp David peace process with Egypt in 1978, which included the acceptance of autonomy for the Palestinians.
READ: Israel's Jewish Home party splits ahead of April election
In this regard, it should be noted that the old Likud elites with such liberal tendencies were nearly all gradually removed from the last few Israeli parliaments, to be replaced by others belonging to religious Zionism ideologically or with extreme right-wing tendencies gleaned in Europe, particularly with regard to individual civil and political rights.
Furthermore, the Ashkenazi elites in the Likud have also declined in favour of Eastern and Russian leaderships with illiberal, anti-democratic and anti-Arab agendas. The same can be said about the old Ashkenazi elites of the "Zionist left". These new elites are actually laying the groundwork of an Apartheid regime that embodies the preservation of Israeli control of the land, the annexation of parts of the West Bank and the blocking of equal, political and civil rights for the Palestinians.
Erez Tadmor published his book Why do you vote right and get left? in 2017. The author is one of the leaders and founders of the extreme right-wing party Im Tirzu. He said that despite the passing of 40 years of Likud governments in Israel, the left-wing has continued to rule through the old elites, the majority of whom are loyal to the Labour Zionist Movement led by the historic Mapai Party. It is argued that the enormous power that these elites still wield is the result of Begin's lack of foresight, insight and understanding (the word treason was used in reference to him) as well as many of those in the right wing who have followed in his footsteps.
Early elections: Who will dethrone 'the king of Israel'?
This New Right directs its barbs at all that is politically correct, as one of those who announced their intention to join the new right-wing party, former Jewish Home MK Yinon Magal, demonstrated. In his first speech in the Knesset in May 2015, he said: "Some of us have adopted a new religion. Political Correctness. The most important mitzvah [commandment] in this religion is to avoid stepping on landmines so I deny this religion." Similar statements were made by advocates of the New Right, such as, "We must change every politically correct discourse that has caused the emasculation of our thinking"; "Political correctness is an epidemic that must be emancipated"; and "Beware of the political correctness coming from Europe."
It is possible to agree with the analyses that believe the repressive and dictatorial actions of the two ministers from the Justice and Education Ministries who have founded the New Right party will be the basis of the party, enabling them to remove what remains of liberalism and push the justice system backwards. Equality will soon be alien to Israeli justice and politics.
This article first appeared in Arabic in Al-Araby Al-Jadeed on 2 January 2019
The views expressed in this article belong to the author and do not necessarily reflect the editorial policy of Middle East Monitor.
ArticleIsraelIsraeli ElectionsMiddle EastOpinionPalestine


Online ordering menu for Peking Restaurant. Peking Restaurant in Winston-Salem, North Carolina is one of the top 100 Chinese Restaurants in the U.S.A. Try our some of our specialties such as the Lemon Chicken, Shrimp with Garlic Sauce, and the Chicken Szechuan! We also serve Chop Suey, Egg Foo Young, and Moo Shu dishes! You can find us near the corner of Silas Creek Pkwy just south of Forysth Technical Community College and Forsyth Medical Center. We're not that far from Hanes Mall. Order online for carryout or delivery!


"Tropical Art Deco" is perhaps the most fun of all with its' happy ice-cream colors, rounded "melting" edges, and playful, oversized forms. While certainly it has been heavily influenced by prominent, homosexual artists and associated in general with the Gay community, the glorification of the South Beach, Miami historic architectural district exemplified by the 1980's television show "Miami Vice" and its' overtly heterosexual star, Don Johnson's fashionable, often pastel, wardrobe by designers Versace and Armani, Art Deco has transcended boundaries to be enjoyed by all.
This entry was posted in Art Deco, Avatars, Fun, Plastic, Retro, System Icons, Toolbar and tagged Art Deco, Art History, Free Clip Art, Free Icons, Gay, Miami Vice, Quotations, Social Psychology, South Beach. Bookmark the permalink.


On Sunday, June 11th at 11 am, at the San Pietro in Valle Church in Fano, will be presented in preview the book Generazione Critica #4. La fotografia tra ripetizione e differenza (Danilo Montanari Editore, 2017). The book features the critic essays that our lectures proposed for the fourth editon of Generazione Critica, that took place in Modena in October 2016: Andrea Botto, Fabrizia Carabelli, Alessandro Carrer, Vittorio Iervese, Karen McQuaid, NASTYNASTY©, Luca Panaro, Alberto Sinigaglia, Elvira Vannini. In dialogue with Luca Panaro – one of the project curator – the participants to the critic workshop promoted by Generazione Critica, that wrote an essay as the final result of the laboratory.
The book launching will be part of the programme of Centrale Fotografia's 9th edition, an annual festival focused on contemporary art practise and photography, curated by Luca Panaro and Marcello Sparaventi, from 8 to 11 June in Fano, Italy.


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Pokémon GO Removed From Minnesota State Fairgrounds
Though time has passed and the game is no...
Though time has passed and the game is no longer the premiere target for media blame, Pokémon GO still falls under some unfortunate circumstances. The popular mobile game has been removed entirely from the Minnesota State Fairgrounds due to unwanted traffic.
According to a report by local news source Pioneer Press, Fairgrounds Police Chief Paul Paulos has formally issued a statement against the game. Paulos claims that the various PokéStops and Pokémon to be found in the area has caused one too many vehicle accidents, pushing him to request Niantic remove all Pokémon GO content from the area.
"There were some crashes. One car drove off a retaining wall. Just the sheer irresponsibility of drivers, running stop signs, parking in the middle of the street and leaving their car. … To be looking down all the time, it was just getting crazy. Especially on the big days, where they dropped a lot of gems."
Fairgrounds Police Chief Paul Paulos
We aren't sure what he means by Gems, but Paulos clearly believes the game to be the cause of all these issues. At his request, all of the problematic areas have been wiped clean of worthwhile content from within the game.
This hasn't stopped the trend from the local area entirely. Many residents are now directing players to the University of Minnesota and Rice Park, where the getting is still good, so to speak.
Remember trainers, it's more important that you be safe than to get a rare anything in the game. We don't need more instances like this happening.
Get a Shiny Meltan During this Limited Event
Meltan, the cute little metal Pokémon is back a..
Event, News
How To Know If You Won the Pokémon GO Fest Ticket Giveaway


I'm generally pleased with my progress this week. I had some pretty major distractions going on, but I managed to stay the course and meet all of my goals. Today I was really tempted to stay in my PJs since I had no plans to leave the house or see anyone other than Husband. I sucked it up, though, and got dressed by 10 which, except for Tuesday's minor exception, I've managed to do all week. Go team me!
I also not only figured out wireframes, I also discovered and joined Creately, a free web tool for creating and sharing diagrams and wireframes. I think it will be just what I need, and also perfect for helping my clients figure out what they want their web sites to be and do. They can just sign in and look at what I've done, and leave comments about any changes they'd like to see. The only problem I see with it right now is that it's still in Beta, and therefore the sign-up process isn't as quick and easy as I'd like it to be for them, which might make it a bit of a hard sell. At any rate, that's one more skill and tool added to my arsenal.
The novel edits are also off to a good start. I'm only two scenes in as far as red-lining goes, but I've got extensive notes on what needs to be changed to fix what's been hanging me up. It's going to require a lot of rewrites and some new scenes written out of whole cloth. I suspected that would be the case, which was another thing that was hanging me up on the edits. I was looking for ways to avoid all of that extra writing. But now that I've accepted the inevitability and committed to the changes, I'm starting to get excited about it.
Next week is going to be more of a challenge, since the first half will be full of obligations, including the funeral for my friend. I'm going to have to get some of my paid writing done over the weekend, and I don't even know if I'm going to have time for goal-setting. So I guess my personal goal for next week is to not get stressed out, and to just take the week as it comes, and that includes not being too hard on myself if I don't have time to work in a business goal. The writing goal is, of course, to continue the novel edits, and that will be my writing goal until it's done.
Well, hey. I guess the goal-setting just took care of itself.
So how did you guys do on your goals for this week? What are your goals for next week? Chat about it and cheer each other on in the comments.
It's tomorrow. How's it going?
I forgot until just now – so an hour and a half to write the next installment.
I'll let you know on Sunday?
Hee – thank you for following up.
I whipped it off in about an hour and a half. It shows, but I got 1000 words out of it. I think when I get the whole thing finished, I'll send it off to a couple of friends for beta'ing and post it as the first item in my own fic archive (and on ff.net).
Thanks for the lovely comments on Creately.com. Although we're still in Beta, you can invite anyone to collaborate and they will get immediate, automatic access to Creately. So don't worry abt the registration, its will be a breeze for your clients.
BTW – We'll be out of Beta very soon, do so come back to Creately soon.
Thanks for stopping by and letting me know, Charan. That's excellent news.


text:
Harbouring Heritage
Fortrose Harbour today is a quiet backwater leased by Chanonry Sailing Club and supporting leisure craft and activity – but it wasn't always like this. From its foundation early in the 19th century right through to the outbreak of the Second World War, Fortrose Harbour was a commercial port and a hive of activity. The Harbour has a secret too – during the Second World War it was a 'hush hush' combined operations base and had a direct role in the preparations for the D-Day landings in 1944. Its story is contained in the seven documents listed on this page.
The original version of 'Harbouring Heritage' was 'published' (posted) in March 2012; the first significant revision was in January 2015 containing information from further research by the author or from contributions gratefully received from others.
A revision took place in October 2017 to coincide with the bicentenary of the construction of the Harbour and contains new information in all but one section.
Subsequently in March 2021 all the documents have been revised - this is the version now posted on this website.
Please see the Introduction document below for contents and acknowledgements and click here to see the Harbour Bicentenary event page.
Documents:
updated MARCH 2021
Introduction, Contents, Timeline & Acknowledgements
Part 1 - Establishing the Harbour
Part 2 - Harbour Industries
Part 3 - The Pier and Ferries
Part 4 - Cargo Ships from Sail to Steam
Part 5 - The Harbour in the World Wars
Part 6 - The Sea Scouts, the Harbour & Leisure Sailing
A piece of excellent chat on the Out of Doors radio programme of 21 May 2015 about Fortrose Harbour involving Richard Jenner and George Taylor .


B Bartók: Peasant Dance, Mikrokosmos book 5 – This piece is no 128 in older editions.
F Mendelssohn: Children's Piece op 72 no 1 – this is a different piece in the 1969/1997 edition to the 2009 edition – both will be accepted.
Scarlatti: Sonata in G, K63 has been prescribed for both Grades VI and VII – it will be accepted for both grades at examination.
W A Mozart: Sonata K309 (first movement) has been prescribed for both Grades VIII and Senior Certificate – it will be accepted for both grades at examination.
G F Handel: Air with Variations HWV 434 printed in Piano Album VIII is the prescribed piece – title 'The Harmonious Blacksmith' is incorrect. However both HWV430 and HWV434 will be accepted at examination.
J Haydn: Sonata Hob XVI/19, Finale – as the wrong piece was included in Dr John O'Conor's Seminar Handbook for this work both pieces will be accepted at examination.
'Candidates must prepare three pieces, chosen from the following lists, one of which must be a study' (page 21 and page 22). As this phrase seems to have caused some confusion examiners will accept three studies instead of the prescribed two pieces and one study at examination.
Elgar: no 4 Andantino is referenced as no D in some editions.
Mary Cohen: Concertino Movement in the Style of Vivaldi Superstart Level 2. Regrettably this publication appears to be out of print at the moment.
Scales: A Major and both minors – this means A major and A harmonic minor and A melodic minor.
Haydn: Concerto in G major, Hob VIIA, no 4 – the cadenza should be played.
Double Stop Scales: G major and both minors should read two octaves.
Fauré: 'Berceuse' only, not to be confused with Berceuse no 1 from Dolly Suite.
G minor scale is prescribe and not G sharp minor.
Klose – no 10 Allegretto Grazioso, 50 classical studies for Clarinet, ed Weston (de Haske/Fentone).
Poulenc: Sonata second movement should read Sonata third movement.
Dominant Sevenths: In the Key of C major, the Dominant Seventh is one octave, not two octaves.
The piece Cavatine by Saint-Saëns has been prescribed for both lists A and B. It is more suitable as a List B piece, but will be accepted from both lists at examination.
The Bare Necessities (Gilkyson) is prescribed for both Preliminary Grade and Grade II. It will be accepted for both grades.
F Conti: 'Quella Fiamma' – this piece is attributed to Marcello by some sources. It is the same song.
Cry Me a River is composed by Arthur Hamilton, and not by Helen Potts as indicated.


text:
Künstler / Projekt
MAGDA CSUTAK
Ausstellungstitel
Null und Etwas
Duration: 07. 03. - 18. 04. 2019
Beschreibung - English
Détrompe-toi : je sais
Que ce n'est pas facile
D'avoir ton équilibre,
Avec cette pression
En chacun de tes points
D'un extérieur informe,
Toi que n'as pas en toi
De lieu où t'appuyer,
Tiraillée que tu es
Sur ton parcours entier
Entre deux centres qui s'ignorent
Ou qui s'en veulent.
Eugène Guillevic: ellipse (from: Euclidiennes, Paris, 1967)
The artworks and image groups of Magda Csutak (born in 1945 in Sfântu Gheorghe, Transylvania, Romania; has lived and worked in Vienna since 1977) build on one another. Their constitutive factor is a sensuous pleasure in experimentation and in the translation of mathematics into language via the visual arts. Csutak's work is often visionary, coming before the theories behind it have actually been scientifically proven, as in the 15-piece image formula of 2002, which outlines her own cosmos. In 2006 and 2007 she attended the lectures of mathematician Rudolf Taschner in Vienna. There, in Euler's Formula, she discovered "the most beautiful [of all] mathematical formulas." A metaphor that not only Taschner makes use of, but which also touches the central nerve of Magda Csutak's work. She constructs her own binary system, bringing together elements that would otherwise remain separate.
Three key parameters guide her creativity: the exploration of material in the sense of both a corporeal and an incorporeal materialization; the null, which is represented by the zero or the ellipse; and the question of image and reproduction. The latter, stressing a two-dimensional approach to image and reproduction, is decisive for Csutak in delimiting the boundary between her artistic practice and her scientific interest. Using a variety of materials, Magda Csutak decodes physical-chemical processes that remain hidden from the naked eye. In creating her image constructions, she employs porcelain in variants such as bone china and porcelain papyrus or in its pure form as kaolin, as well as photographic techniques or graphite, ferric oxide and nickel oxide. Much remains implied, and content is transported via the material itself. Porcelain papyrus, for example, is a vehicle for recurring the entire culture-historical expanse of script, from writing on bone, stone and clay tablets, papyrus and paper, to the binary encoding of keyboard typing and the future promise of language generated in quantum space.
This complex understanding is often expressed in the compact and dynamic form of the ellipse. In nature, this conic section, a closed structure of oval curves with a simple geometric definition, corresponds to the orbits of the planets around the sun. In this sense the ellipse has a poetic aspect. The elliptic form seems to resemble Minimal Art in its expressivity and colorism, but it is more a conceptual object – as László Beke refers to the ellipse in Magda Csutak's work. Already appearing in the astronomy of the ancient world, this restless form is for the artist a symbol of an uprising against the ubiquity of quantifiable four-sided forms in society: pictures, the screens of computers and cellphones, even our architecture is subject to rectangular systematization.
The ellipse, by contrast, as an embodiment of the zero principle, is much more than mere aesthetic representation. In her artistic encodings, the zero also appears in equations, as a variable or in a sequence of prime numbers – whereby the artist considers zero to be one of them. Magda Csutak's work engages in a constant exploration of areas that for a wider audience can only be conveyed with difficulty in language.
Andrea Kopranovic, 2019


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text:
Navigation EN
PhD award
The White Paper on Asian studies in France
GIS Book series
The Role of the Judiciary in implementing Western Law in Iran under the Pahlavi Dynasty
The Iranian Parliament (Madjles), in 1979 (Source: Wikimedia Commons)
Iran is a country with over 25 centuries of history. The sources of the law and the judicial system of this country have undergone many evolutions and submitted to numerous influences. These influences have been ethnic, religious and legal. Sometimes they were imposed on the Persian governments, other times they were voluntarily accepted. They could have been the result of wars.
Since the 7th century, many things have changed in Iran, except for one thing : the concept of Shi'ah Islamic law being the foundation of the Iranian legal system has not changed up to the present time.
The Shias and Sunnis are the two main branches of Islam. Schism between appeared after the Prophet's death in 655. The Sunnis considered that the followers of the Prophet were to elect his successor upon his death, whereas the Shias considered that the prophet's successor was Ali, the Prophet's nephew and son-in-law. Shias believe that the Prophet designated Ali as his successor before his death, during his last pilgrimage at Mecca. Ali and his eleven descendants are therefore called Imams (Guides) and the Shias Muslims consider them as the most important figures of the Islamic religion after the Prophet, their sayings having almost the same value as those of the Koran and the jurisprudence of the Prophet. The Sunnis designated "Caliphs" as the Prophet's successors. Caliphs usually governed the Islamic territory and exercised tyrannical power on the population. Eventually, all of the Prophet's descendants were killed directly or indirectly by the caliphs, mostly because of their popularity. There philosophical, legal and political consequences arising between these differences. Philosophical: The Shias philosophy is based on the existence of the free will as part of the determination of man's destiny in this world, whereas the Sunnies believe in the principle of predetermination (the concept of "mektoub" : man's destiny is "pre-written"). This essential difference resulted in greater freedom of speech and spirituality among Shias during the Arab invasion. Legal: The consensus of historical communities, not the decisions of political authorities, led to the establishment of four legal schools of thought : Malikis, Hanafis, Shafi'is, and Hanbalis. In theory, a Sunni Muslim could choose whichever school of Islamic thought he or she wished to follow and could change this choice at will. The Shia Muslims have only one legal school. The main difference between the Shia and the Sunni schools, among many others, is the difference in the sources of laws: whereas the Sunni and the Shia Muslims agree on the existence of the four main sources of Islamic law, i.e. the Koran, the Prophet's tradition and jurisprudence (referred to as the Sunna), the "consensus" which consists of the universal and infallible agreement of the Muslim community, especially of scholars on any Islamic principle, at any time (Ijma'), and the reasoning (Aql), Shia Muslims add to these sources the traditions and jurisprudence of the Imams (the prophet's descendants). Therefore, the interpretation of the same documents or concepts result in conflicts between Sunni and Shia laws. Political: throughout their history, Iranians used Shia as a means of resistance against the Arab Invaders by proclaiming the right to a new and different way of interpreting the Islamic concepts. It should be kept in mind that less than 10% of the over 1 billion Muslim population in the world is Shia. Therefore, taking into account the fact that the population of Iran is approximately 69 million people according to the most recent statistics, and more than 88% of this population is Shia, this means that more than 65% of the Shia population of the world lives in Iran. Other Shia Muslims live in Afghanistan, Irak, Turkey, Russia, India and, of course, many other countries.
The Iranian Parliament in 1906.
The secular Members of Parliament (wearing fez) are more numerous
than the mollahs (wearing turbans).
In modern-day Parliament, the numbers are reversed,
with a majority of religious Members of Parliament
(Source : Wikimedia Commons)
As long as the judicial system is concerned, too small were the changes until the end of the nineteenth century. The judicial power has always been concentrated in the hands of the clergy which was considered as the legitimate source rendering justice : The law is considered as being based on Islamic sources and the clergy deemed as the legitimate authority for interpreting the Islamic sources.
Although in the early uncertain days of his career, he showed that he knew how to play upon the religious emotions of the people, Reza Khan was basically apathetic to religion and antagonistic toward the clergy. That is why nowhere is the impact of the Western civilisation upon the institutions of Muslim Iran more apparent than in the reforms of the judicial system.
He started the reforms as soon as he became Prime Minister.The adverse consequences of World War I on Persia's economical situation as well as the extreme weakness of the central government which favoured the return of the local landlords had destructed the infrastructures of the political system and the government at the end of the Qadjar Dynasty.
Therefore, Reza Shah proceeded as quickly as possible with his plans for reform.
He founded a new corps of civil servants taking into account the western model and also the foundations of a new judicial system.
His principal objective was to abolish the system of Capitulations. The concept of capitulations in Iran goes back to 1910 when the Russian government signed a treaty with Persia according to which the Russian citizens received immunity from Persian courts in the event they committed crimes on the Persian territory. This provision was imposed on the Persian government by the Russian government because of the lack of impartial court judicial system guaranteeing the fundamental rights of the accused individuals.Therefore, the Russian citizens could commit any crime without being prosecuted in Persia and they were also protected by their own courts as long as such crimes did not attain the interest of their own country. This problem became progressively a general problem as the Persian government was forced to confer such immunity to citizens of other countries on the basis of the treaties that they had signed with it : such treaties usually contained a clause called "most favoured nation". In 1925, the citizens of more than thirty countries disposed of such privilege through their respective treaties !
But Reza Shah was extremely sensitive to foreign criticism, and he realised that so long as Iran did not have a judicial system along Western lines, the abolition of Capitulations might attract adverse publicity in Europe. He knew also that in order to be credible when abolishing the Capitulations, he should give real efficiency to the Persian judicial system, and most of all to the criminal courts.
Ali Akbar, Minister of Justice in charge of the reforms
of the Iranian judicial system. (Source : F. Ameli)
The man who carried the weight of this responsibility was Ali Akbar Davar, the Minister of Justice, who was one of the young chief lieutenants of Reza Shah in his efforts to westernise the country. This young man was of middle-class origin. He graduated in Law at the University of Geneva and was the chief member of the so-called "brain trust" of the Reza Shah regime.
Thanks to its legal education received in Switzerland, Davar decided that the first step towards the acquisition of the wanted efficiency was codification. This decision was a very important one which impacted the future evolution of the Persian legal system : Davar chose to give the Persian system a continental European structure, thus distinguishing it from the Anglo-Saxon system. The Persian law, which consisted of small pieces of legislation until then, became therefore more and more complex.
Experimental commercial and criminal codes were introduced in 1924 and 1926. Early in 1927, the old Ministry of Justice was dissolved and in the spring of the same year, new personnel, many of whom had received European education, took over the administration of the new Ministry of Justice from the former clerical officials.
This new Ministry of Justice was charged with the preparation of Codes of law.
Early in 1928, a commission within the newly formed Ministry of Justice, headed by Davar, presented to the Majlis the first volume of the Civil Code; as well as a judicial reorganisation bill establishing a hierarchy of courts. On May 8th, 1928, the Code was approved. As the government was anxious to get over with the Capitulations, under Reza Shah's instruction, little opportunity was given to the members of the Parliament for debate. In the parts dealing with general subjects, it was a verbatim translation of the Civil code of France.
One other objective was sought : as this code was a secularisation of the Shari'ah, Davar knew that the members of the clergy could be of adverse effect on its accomplishment. Therefore, little communication was made about this Code and the first volume was voted before any opposition could be heard. This led to the approval of the second volume of the Civil Code in 1935.
To those who opposed the Code after it was approved, Davar would say that these codes were experimental and temporary.
Once the codes were prepared and enacted, Davar knew also that qualified personnel must be trained as quickly as possible to be able to apply this new legislation. Among this personnel, the most important ones were the judges. He was also hoping that the formation of a new civil corps of judges will help the government combat the ongoing corruption.
A special effort was therefore made to train the new judges in the University of Tehran. The faculty of law of that University trained new students, whereas evening courses were organised for judges in exercise which could be acquainted with the new legislation through a continuing formation.
Judges educated through this new systems were not so many in the early days and the formation of the Persian Courts based on the new system took several years before it came actually efficient. Judges were sent to the capital cities of different provinces when their education was complete.
As regards the organisation of the courts, the burden of this reform was on the shoulders of a few honest and qualified judges that had the knowledge of the old and new systems and who could successfully ensure the transition between the two. One could cite, among many others, Mohammad Shafie Jahanshahi, Mohammad Reza Vejdani, Mehdi Gholi Hedayat, Nur Ali Elahi, Seyed Mohammad Fatemi Ghomi, Assadollah Mamaghani, Habibollah Shobeyr and Javad Ameri.
One can understand that the new legislation and court system needed time to be efficient. It must however be understood that without these judges and their efforts in implementing the new laws in Iranian provinces very far from the capital city, never modernization could have resisted the obstacles created by the clergy and the feudal organisation of the Iranian society.
But Reza Shah had only two ideas in mind : abolishing the capitulations as quickly as possible and continuing the reforms. Therefore, based upon the reforms made in the Persian judicial system by Davar, the Government denounced all capitulation treaties in the year 1928.
In effect, the vital blow to the position of the clergy in the judiciary system had been dealt on March 17, 1932, when the Majlis enacted a law concerning the registration of documents and property. It required that the registration of legal documents, of ownership, and of other transactions concerning immovable property be carried out in secular state authorities only. This function had previously been the monopoly of the Shari'ah authorities and, together with the registration of marriages and divorces, had been the most important function of those authorities. Furthermore, it was by far the largest source of revenue for the mujtahids and lower clergy.
As a consequence of this law, many members of the clergy were forced to abandon the robe and seek secular employment.
Legislation completing the permanent secularisation and Westernization of the judiciary system was enacted on December 27, 1936, when a law concerning the reorganisation of the judiciary system and the employment of judges was passed by the entire body of the Majlis. In setting the employment qualifications for judges, it eliminated many members of the clergy from the judiciary.
It was clear from the beginning of the Reza Shah's reforms that the clergy members would have to be removed from the judiciary system. But there is reason to believe that the final step taken in 1936 was primarily motivated by a desire to hasten that separation, and not by a consideration of the needs of the new system, and the effects that such legislation would have.
Yet it was inevitable that since the judiciary system had been so greatly expanded, the sudden exclusion of a large proportion of former practitioners should have adverse results. A real crisis arose in the judiciary system, as there were not enough educated and qualified personnel to fill the new and vast organisation.
It was very frequent for a judge to go from one mission to another, from one province to another in the course of one or two years. One judge could also be entrusted with a mission for several provinces : these courts were called travelling courts.
The new and final version of the Civil Code passed in 1939 gave greater jurisdiction to lower courts, increased the powers of the state attorneys and prosecutors. It also provided, for the first time, special procedure for the trial of foreign nationals.
Both the Civil Code and the Penal Code reflect the influence of Western judiciary models. Like the civil and penal Codes, the organisation of the courts in Iran followed the French pattern.
This large influence of the French and European legal and judicial systems on the Persian system was mostly the consequence of the employment by the Iranian government of various European professors of law and legal advisors to the Ministry of Justice during the regime of Reza Shah. From 1922 until 1939, eight French and two Italian professors were engaged to teach at the Faculty of Tehran for a total of sixteen academic years.
Therefore, for nearly ten years after the rise of Reza Shah, the power of the clergy was diminished by a process of attrition. This process led finally to a general law enacted by the Majlis on November 30th, 1931, which totally redefined the status and jurisdiction of the shari'ah courts.
The shari'ah courts were forbidden from pronouncing sentence. Their verdicts were to be sent to the state court that had referred the case to them, to be pronounced by that court. In case of appeal by the defendant, the verdict of the shari'ah court could be reviewed by the state court.
Reforms were followed under Mohammad Reza Shah's reign (1941-1979) but not with the same force. The most important efforts were made in the fields of women's rights and family law.
Bagher Ameli, Minister of justice from 1962 to 1964,
fought for the rights of children born outside of marriage (Source : F. Ameli)
In any event, the process of attrition of the powers of clergy conducted under Reza Shah must be directly linked with the political events that happened some 40 years later in Iran in 1979.
François Ameli
Lecturer at the University of Paris 1 - Panthéon-Sorbonne
Scientific research in France
The European Alliance for Asian Studies