text:
Q: Update specific value database json I have a query from the database that looks like this
[{"id":"1","value":"1"},{"id":"3","value":"1"},{"id":"18","value":["1"]},{"id":"17","value":"1"},{"id":"5","value":"1"},{"id":"19","value":"-"},{"id":"20","value":"-"},{"id":"11","value":"-"},{"id":"12","value":"-"},{"id":"13","value":""},{"id":"9","value":"-"},{"id":"15","value":"-"},{"id":"16","value":"1"}]

I want only that the value next to id 16 to be updated.
What i have now change the whole field and not just the value with id 16.
i have this
$query = "update kxmkw_k2_items set extra_fields='".mysql_escape_string($_POST["beschikbaarheid"])."' where id='".mysql_escape_string($_POST["id"])."'";

how can i only update the value next to id 16?
Many thanks (Y)
Update:
The way i send the query:
 <?php
$item_id = JRequest::getVar('Itemid');
$db = & JFactory::getDBO();
$query = "SELECT extra_fields FROM #__k2_items WHERE id =".$item->id;
$db->setQuery($query);
$row = $db->loadResult();
$row = json_decode($row, TRUE);
$testitem = $row[12][value];
$testitem2 = ($testitem-1);

$db2 = & JFactory::getDBO();
$query2 = "SELECT value FROM #__k2_extra_fields WHERE id =16";
$db2->setQuery($query2);
$row2 = $db->loadResult();
$row2 = json_decode($row2, TRUE);
echo $row2[$testitem2][name];
?>

<form id="beschikbaarheidform<?php echo $item->id ?>">
<select name="beschikbaarheid" onChange="updateDb<?php echo $item->id ?>()">
<option value="1">Alleen uitleen</option>
<option value="2">Alleen verkoop</option>
<option value="3">Uitleen en verkoop</option>
<option value="4">Tijdelijk niet beschikbaar</option>
<option value="5">Verkocht</option>
    </select>
<input type='hidden' name='id' value="<?php echo $item->id?>"/>

 </form>

  <script>

  function updateDb<?php echo $item->id ?>() {

 $.post("updateDB2.php", $("#beschikbaarheidform<?php echo $item->id ?>").serialize());
}

</script>


text:
TN Public Notices
Matt James will be the first black 'Bachelor' in ABC series history
Kelly Lawler USA TODAY
Matt James is making history on ABC's "The Bachelor."
The 28-year-old will become the first black man to take the lead role in the long-running reality dating show, the network announced Friday. Over 40 seasons of "Bachelor," and its sister series "The Bachelorette," only one black person has held the title role – Rachel Lindsay, who led "Bachelorette" in the 2017 season.
James was originally intended as a suitor for the upcoming season of "The Bachelorette," in which Clare Crawley will lead. But "Bachelorette" suspended production due to the coronavirus pandemic.
"When filming couldn't move forward as planned, we were given the benefit of time to get to know Matt and all agreed he would make a perfect Bachelor," ABC President Karey Burke said in a news release. "We know we have a responsibility to make sure the love stories we're seeing onscreen are representative of the world we live in, and we are proudly in service to our audience. This is just the beginning, and we will continue to take action with regard to diversity issues on this franchise."
James is a good friend of Bachelor Nation (as fans of the series are known) favorite Tyler Cameron, the runner up from Hannah Brown's "Bachelorette" season. He was part of Quarantine Crew on TikTok, which featured videos of Brown, Cameron and James.
Alums and fans of the "Bachelor" franchise have been long calling on the series to more consistently and equally cast contestants of color, calls which have gotten louder as protests across the country and around the world have shown support for the Black Lives Matter movement in the wake of the killing of George Floyd.
The Bachelor Diversity Campaign, launched by 10 "Bachelor" viewers who connected through a fan Facebook page, implores the ABC franchise to diversify its lineup and "consistently cast BIPOC (black, indigenous and people of color)."
"Representation matters, and it is one of the most important ways our country can embrace its diversity and evolve," read a statement from the group. "We will use our power as viewers and fans to hold ABC and Warner Bros. accountable and demand they use their platform in a more thoughtful, race-conscious, and socially responsible way. It's time that ABC, (producer) Mike Fleiss, and Warner Bros. take demonstrable action to address the inequalities in casting, screen time, and employment of minority groups."
The Campaign has launched a Change.org petition calling for a Black Bachelor and other changes to the series, including increasing casting people of color as contestants and behind the camera. A number of former stars have showed support for the petition, including Lindsay, JoJo Fletcher, Ben Higgins, Arie Luyendyk Jr., Desiree Siegfried, Tyler Cameron, Bibiana Julian, Dustin Kendrick, Olivia Caridi, Onyeka Ehie, Devin Harris, Alayah Benavidez, Mykenna Dorn, Amanda Stanton and Ashley Spivey.
Lindsay was interviewed about the franchise's rocky history with contestants of color, Black contestants in particular, on "Good Morning America" Friday.
"I was hoping, when I came on, to be a trailblazer (and to) increase diversity in the audience that watches it and also who comes on the show and who could potentially be the lead," she said. "I felt like the franchise had my back in that. But in the last three years, there really haven't been changes made."
She went on to say that the series has to look at diversity beyond who is looking for love in the title role.
"I want producers of color," Lindsay said. "I would like for them to cast leads that are interested in dating outside of their race, aren't just getting their experience for the first time on national TV. I need the acknowledgement of that, not putting a Band-Aid over the situation and just saying, 'Here, we're gonna put this here, are you happy now?'"
"The Bachelor" is slated to premiere in 2021, although no specific date has been set.
Contributing: Hannah Yasharoff, Maghen Moore
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Finding it heard to keep a tight grip on your finances? We help you manage them with these tips and tricks that will help grow your bank account!
We seem to forget that we can be our very own form of transport system, just by walking to places within distance – or as some would refer to as 'Bus 11'. Of course, being practical comes into consideration here too. Give yourself an estimated timing of how long you'd take to reach your intended destination by foot, and if you can afford the time to make it there, turn on your Google Maps app and give your legs the workout it deserves! Daily #Fitspo goals? Check.
With the barrage of promo codes flooding your inbox, it's easy to understand why you'd be tempted to grab private hire transport nowadays. While you may still be saving as compared to taking a regular cab, don't forget that the cheapest alternative – the bus or MRT – still exists. Ignore your laziness and make it a point to use public transport. It will literally pay off in the long run.
One financial mistake many tend to make is to only keep one bank account for both their spending and savings. Nip this in the bud by setting up a free, separate account strictly for your long-term goals, then set aside a fixed amount every month to be deposited there so you have a clear understanding of how much you're saving each month. By doing so, you can ensure that your bank account will be healthily growing without accidentally eating into your savings.
We often end up spending more money than intended while out and about, what with the countless things to see, do and eat in our busy country. But quality always trumps quantity when it comes to time with loved ones, and quality time doesn't cost a thing! Find free activities to do together like exercising at a nearby park, exploring a museum or having a potluck picnic at the beach.
Splurging on lunch daily an take its toll on your wallet and finances, especially if your school or office is located around the CBD district. Eat the smarter and more cost-efficient way by packing lunch from home – be it mum's home-cooked dinner from the night before or making your own bento. Packed meals tend to be healthier anyway, so your body will thank you as well. Tip: don't spend on unnecessary canned drinks and hydrate with good ol' plain water instead!
Control yourself, big spender! Before you make your next impulse purchase, think hard and clear and listen to that conscious screaming to get to to you: "Do you really need it?". If your answer gives rise to even the slightest hesitance, then put that item back immediately. Heed the 'Three Day Rule' – where you don't purchase anything right away. If you're still thinking about it three days later, then by all means, get it!
Don't deny it – we've all got questionable fashion choices from our past tucked away at the back of our closet, hidden from scrutiny. Instead of letting them pile up, make Carousell/Shopee your best friend and list them up for sale! Who knows? Your old style might be someone's experimental phase and they might be more than willing to fork out money for your pre-loved apparel, returning you savings, wardrobe space and extra clothing funds!
If the saying "it's the though that counts" ring true for your loved ones, they they would certainly appreciate a DIY gift made with your heartfelt intentions. Get some stationery, print photos online, and you've got yourself a customised present in the making. Not only will you save money by not spending on an extravagant gift, your thoughtful DIY creation will also show how much effort you've put into giving that special someone a truly unique gesture.
A version of this story appears in the April 2017 issue of Teenage Magazine.
What are some of your money-saving tips and tricks? We're always on the lookout for new methods to save, so let us know in the comment section below!


A lifelong resident of Philadelphia, Amy knows the Philadelphia area inside and out. She is happy to share her knowledge with her clients of the richness and diversity of Philadelphia's neighborhoods – from center city to the surrounding areas and the suburbs. Amy's enthusiasm for life in Philadelphia, fueled by her ability to recount customs and history, has earned her many happy clients and friends. Amy's goal is to develop long-lasting relationships with her clients by working to meet their short-term needs and long-term financial goals.
After graduating from Cheltenham High School Amy went on to earn her BA from the University of Pennsylvania. Before embarking on a career in real estate ten years ago, she worked in public relations, advertising and marketing. Her background is a perfect fit for today's competitive market. Over the years, Amy has given back to Philadelphia through participation in community and civic organizations. She served on the board of Queen Village Neighbors Association for six years, currently serves on the Queen Village Zoning Committee, and is a contributing editor of the award-winning Queen Village Magazine. She also served on the Old City Civic Association Executive Board, the Pier Five Condominium Board, was President of QVDogs, co-founded the Waterfront Civic Association, and founded Friends of Shot Tower.
Amy's interests include travel, reading, cooking and entertaining, and of course, her dog Maisie.


text:
Tango thread
Guardia vieja
Guardia nueva
Lunfardo
Biographies, Poets
Jose Gonzalez Castillo
April 19, 2018 TANGOTHREAD	Leave a comment
Jose Gonzalez Castillo was a journalist, playwright and lyricist of the early years of the guardia nueva. He is the author of numerous sainetes including "Los dientes del Perro" which showcased the first tango canción, "Mi noche triste," with the orchestra of Roberto Firpo in 1918.
Gonzalez Castillo was born in 1885 in the city of Rosario. Having lost his parents at a young age, he was raised by a priest in the Province of Salta and trained to become a priest himself. However he left the church as a young man and with his education and writing skills, soon he became a journalist for the newspaper "La Republica" in Rosario.
Later on in Buenos Aires Gonzalez Castillo was a successful playwright. Shortly after the success of "Mi noche triste" he began writing his own tango songs. The first one of those, "Que has hecho de mi cariño," was composed for a play entitled "Don Agenor Saladillo" and presented to the public in 1918 with the music or Juan Maglio. Other tangos by him include "Sobre el pucho", "Organito de la tarde", "Griseta", "A Montmartre", "Bandoneon", "El porteño" and "Por el camino".
Besides his activities as a playwright and lyricist, it is interesting to note that Gonzalez Casillo was among the first to notice Carlos Gardel and to attract attention on the duo Gardel-Razzano.[2] He worked on various films including the silent movie "Nobleza gauchesca" (1915) and "La ley que olvidaron" (1937). He is the father of Catúlo Castillo with whom he collaborated on many tangos including "Organito de la tarde", "Silbando", "El Aguacero", "Papel picado" and "El circo se va".
González Castillo died in Buenos Aires in 1937. π
[1] Tálice, Roberto A. "Evocación y ubicación de José Gonzalez Castillo". In La historia del tango: Los poetas (I). Buenos Aires: Corregidor, 1977.
[2] Del Greco, Orlando. Gardel y Jose Gonzalez Castillo. Todotango. Online. http://www.todotango.com/creadores/ficha/296/Jose-Gonzalez-Castillo
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text:
Q: Some but not all Excel numbers show as a date I have a big .xls file. Some numbers show as a date.
31.08 shows as 31.aug
31.13 shows as 31.13 (that is what i want all columns to be)
When I reformat 31.aug to number it shows as 40768,00
I have found no ways to convert 31.aug to 31.08 as a number. All I am able to do is to reformat 31.aug as d.mm and then it shows as 31.08 and when I try to reformat it from 31.08 to number it shows as 40768,00. No way to cheat Excel using different types of cell formats.

A: How's your regional settings? There are some Regions where the short date is identified by dd.mm.yyyy. (Estonian, for instance). Maybe if you change the regional settings for US / UK and paste the data again it won't be changed.
Worked in a small test I did here. Hope it helps.

A: Internally Excel stores Dates as integer. 1 is January 1. 1900. If you entered something that Excel interprets as a date then it will be converted into an integer. I think from this point on there is no way back.
There is an setting in Options on the tab "international" where you can define your decimal separator. If you set this to ".", then your Excel should accept 30.12 as decimal number and not as date.

A: As pointed out by others, Excel interprets some of your data as a date instead of a number, which depends on your regional settings. To avoid this happening try Tiago's and stema's responses, they will work depending on your regional settings.
To repair your problem in a large file after it has happened without re-entering/re-importing your data, you can use something like
=DAY(B5)+MONTH(B5)/100

to convert a "date" back to a number. Excel will still display it as a date when you first enter this, but when you reformat it as "Number" now it will display the value you originally entered.
Since your column seems to contain a mix between correct numbers and dates, you need to add an if() construct to separate the two cases. If you haven't changed the display format yet (i.e. it still displays 31.Aug) you can use
=IF(LEFT(CELL("format";B7);1)="D";DAY(B7)+MONTH(B7)/100;B7)

which checks if the format is a "D"ate format. If you have already changed the format to Number, but know all your correct data is below 40000, you can use
=IF(B5>40000;DAY(B5)+MONTH(B5)/100;B5)

A: As suggested above, go to Control Panel - Region and Language - Advanced Settings - Numbers - and change the Decimal Symbol from "," to "."
Good luck!

A: The data you are pasting, is it by any chance a pivot table.
For example, like you, I am copying a lot of data into a large spreadsheet. The data I am copying is from another sheet and it is a pivot table.
If I paste normally, half will show up as numbers, which they are in the source file and half will show up as dates, for no reason, which drives me insane.
If I Paste->Values however, they will all show up as numbers, and as I don't need the pivot functionality in the destination file this solution is fine.

A: All you have to do is format cell.
1-right click on the cell where you want to insert the number.
2-then click on Number and select 'General' from the number menu.
Hope this will help future people with the same issue.

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text:
Home/News/Latest news/Celebrations for Saint Devota's Day: Monaco Tradition at its Best
Celebrations for Saint Devota's Day: Monaco Tradition at its Best
@www.pagesjaunesmonaco.com
Saint-Devote is a very special day for Monaco. The Prince's Carabinieri (Guards) march to the small dock on Port Hercule, close to the Monaco Yacht Club. Eager residents join us on the dock, excited and expectant to see the small boat arrive with the relics of Saint Devota. You feel there like an extended family. Monaco is unique in its ability to preserve friendliness and intimacy – while at the same time you notice the security is efficient; and it would be fair to say, superb. This is a superb spot to be as the symbolic little boat with its light white sails arrives here at this special docking place, historically called the Valley of the Gaumates.
@www.facebook.com/pg/MonacoInfo
There is a special procession with Abbot J. C. Genson, Priest of the Saint Devota Parish, all part of a tradition dating back hundreds of years; it convenes with a blessing of the sea and release of a dove. The formation of the procession and its initial march is timed to arrive beautifully in synchrony with the docking of the symbolic boat. It halts to allow for the presentation and blessing of the relics of Saint Devota by Abbot Genson.
There is a commotion as the Prince's Carabinieri go through their firing drill. And it is indeed a performance as the procession march halts for a few minutes receiving the relics from the boat – the Abbot and Archbishop in their gilded robes and mitres leading it, then followed by their acolytes carrying large banners, one banner after another: the Movement of Young Catholics of Saint Devota; Penitents of the Venerable Brotherhood of Mercy, "La Palladienne" Folk Society and Mandolinist, Penitents of the Brotherhood of "Santa Divota de Lucciana"; a delegation from the Municipal Council of Lucciana; Guides and Scouts of Monaco.
There is an orchestrated swirling of banners, a moving piece of art with the gilded finery of the Abbot and Archbishop, the priests in their robes, and the uniformed band members, also smart with their shining instruments – all this makes it the "second Act" of this theatre of which we are a part.
So we and the gathered throng join the end of the procession and walk from the dock toward the Church of Saint-Devote. Friendly, animated, more joyful than solemn, greeting each other and chatting as we walk and arrive at the forecourt of Saint-Devote. At first some drizzle, then interspersed with light rain; it does not dampen our spirits as the procession leads into the Church where the Prince and congregation are gathering.
We throng outside on the forecourt – so many want to be part of this special event that it would be impossible to accommodate everyone in the Church. It feels just as special on the forecourt as in the Church – a large screen relays all the scenes from inside the Church as the service gets underway. In fact, as part of the multitude outside we have a little more latitude to keep greeting each other, a special blend of religious ceremony and formality inside the Church together with a respectful and animated crowd outside playing their part in unique community theatre.
We follow the service with our programs: Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament in the Presence of H.S.H. Prince Albert II and the Royal Family and presided over by His Excellency Monsignor Bernard Barsi, Archbishop of Monaco; more addresses, sermons, hymns – beautiful singing, male voices, female voices, sometimes almost operatic, sometimes simple and melodic, again the experience is more joyful than solemn, though it is also a solemn occasion. Everything in the Church is fully in view on the big screen above us.
@hwww.facebook.com/pg/palaismonaco
The evening is warm even with the rain. A few umbrellas add a bit more colour to our gathering. And then the peak of spectacle, the release of a dove and an increase in the warmth as the little boat is set afire ceremoniously by the Royal Family honouring an historic tradition. A unique sight – we are transfixed. This is not a small fire, this is a blaze – spectacular, no less.
And then the Final Act as the Prince emerges from the Church with his escort and the crowd cheers him. Prince Albert responds with a friendly pause and look. For a moment we are all one Monegasque family – and all this with the fire still blazing and the rain falling on a happy throng – a special cocktail of effects, unique to Monaco.
We gradually disperse into the evening – light-hearted, to be greeted by musical fireworks from Quai Rainier III which extends the spectacle into the evening, religious festival and entertainment blending harmoniously. Monaco and its traditions at their very best.
Top Marques Monaco 2019


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Q: 0xc000007b Error : how to analyze using Process Monitor Another error at startup of my basic app which only tests my DLL (the core deliverable of my project) by calling its init method. I have analysed what happens using Process Monitor, and filtered according to process name, looking only for events related with my the main executable of my basic app.
What should I be looking for there ? I guess anything that says SUCCESS in the result column does not point to the problem - but what about the rest ? It seems to be looking for my DLL all over the world although it first tried in the current directory and found it there already ...
An excerpt here, saved from ProcMon in CSV format : http://pastebin.com/YHSeQUk0
As I said it tries to open my DLL in many places (following my PATH environment variable ?). When looking for it in the correct folder (which is the same as where the exe is located and running) it goes through a series of actions which mostly end up in SUCCESS (if not otherwise specified):

*

*IRP_MJ_CREATE

*IRP_MJ_CLEANUP

*IRP_MJ_CLOSE

*IRP_MJ_CREATE

*FASTIO_ACQUIRE_FOR_SECTION_SYNCHRONIZATION (result is : FILE LOCKED
WITH ONLY READERS)

*FASTIO_ACQUIRE_FOR_CC_FLUSH

*FASTIO_ACQUIRE_FOR_SECTION_SYNCHRONIZATION (result is SUCCESS)

*FASTIO_ACQUIRE_FOR_CC_FLUSH

It does all of this a second time later. To me this looks ok. No other DLL-related event show up.
There is this other event at the top :
RegOpenKey in HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Srp\GP\DLL which first results in REPARSE and then in NAME NOT FOUND. But many things happen afterwards, this doesn't look like a blocking point - and anyhow no clue what this is about.
dumpbin /dependents ConsoleApplication1.exe yields the following :
File Type: EXECUTABLE IMAGE
Image has the following dependencies:
uss_map_interface.dll
VCRUNTIME140.dll
api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-crt-math-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-crt-stdio-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-crt-locale-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-crt-heap-l1-1-0.dll
KERNEL32.dll

The first one is my dll. If I remove it the message at startup turns into "uss_map_interface.dll is missing from your computer" - so I cannot believe this woukld be related to my DLL ... all the other I found in Windows/System32 or SysWOW64.
I am compiling both my DLL and the test basic app with MVS Express 2015 (v140) with x64 configs. The problem also appears if I change to x86 configs. The funny thing also is that if I compile my DLL with MinGW in a Qt project - it works fine. If that can provide a hint, here follow the dependencies of the Qz/MinGW-compiled version :
File Type: DLL
Image has the following dependencies:
libgcc_s_dw2-1.dll
KERNEL32.dll
msvcrt.dll
libstdc++-6.dll

Anyhow, thanks in advance !


text:
Winder is a surname originating from England seen primarily in the United Kingdom and the English-speaking nations, but also in some places in mainland Europe, particularly Austria.

Frequency
There are less than 11,000 Winders in the world, with about half of them – 5,259 – residing in the United States. The United Kingdom has the next highest population of those with this surname (2,547), followed by Canada (1,059), Austria (613), the Netherlands (356), New Zealand (277), Germany (237), Australia (215), Ireland (69), Poland (49) and Sweden (48).

On a per capita basis, the surname Winder is most common in Austria where there are 72.82 Winders for every million people. The appearance of the Winder surname in other nations, as expressed in frequency per million (FPM) is: New Zealand (63), the United Kingdom (60), Canada (31), Australia (22), the Netherlands (21), the United States (20), Ireland (15), Sweden (5), Germany (2), Denmark (1) and Poland (1).

In rank, Winder is the 2,415th most common surname in the U.K., the 6,023rd most common surname in the U.S., and the 7,054th most common surname in Australia.

In total numbers, the number of Winders in the United States is growing. The 1880 Census showed that there were 1,527 surnamed Winder, and by 2010 that had grown to 5,259. However, as a percentage of the population in the U.S., those surnamed Winder are growing less common. In 1880 for every million Americans there were 31 named Winder, and by 2010 there were only 20 Winders per million in the country.

Origins
Although it is usually spelt the same, it appears that the surname Winder comes from two distinct sources. The two different pronunciations – wɪndər (with a short "i" as in "win") vs waɪndər (with a long "i" as in "why") – support this idea.

By 1891 in England there was a clear concentration of Winders in northern England (695 families in Lancashire and 385 in Yorkshire). There was also a distinct concentration in southern England (230 families in London, 123 in Kent, and 122 in Sussex).

Northern England origins
The Winder (wɪndər) name in northern England appears to be derived from place names. There are three places in north Lancashire called Winder, as well as places in Yorkshire, Westmorland, and Cumberland. The parish of Cartmel in Lancashire had a place called Winder as early as the 13th century, and there is evidence of families with the surname De Winder and De Winderghe there at that time. (Translated "of Winder".)

The name of Winder also came to England from Viking origins. Vikings moved from Ireland and the Isle of Man to settle Cumberland in the 10th century, and one of their chieftains was named Vinandr.  Windermere, the largest natural lake in England and now a famous tourist attraction in modern Cumbria, derives its name from "Vinandr's lake" (Old Norse personal name 'Vinandr' + Old English 'mere').

The Winder (waɪndər) version with a long "i" as in "why" also appears occupational. In Lancashire county, well known for sheep farms and wool processing, a person who winds wool, thread, or yarn was called a winder. Just as a smith became known as Smith, so a winder became known as Winder.

In the Hundred Rolls of Lancashire of 1275, a Richard le Winder and Thomas le Winder are listed, the first known examples of someone bearing the surname. (Translated as Richard the Winder and Thomas the Winder.)

The branches of the northern Winders to first immigrate to America were the families of John Winder of Maryland (immigrated in 1665), John Winder of New York City (immigrated in 1674), and Thomas Winder of New Jersey (immigrated in 1703).  Most of their American descendants pronounce the name "Winder" with a long "i".

Southern England origins

In southern England, the pronunciation is with a short "i" (wɪndər), and a version of the name first appears in Hastings in the Hundred Rolls for Sussex taken in 1274. The sheriff, Matthew of Hastings, successfully appealed for the release of a group of six innocent men from jail, including William de la Wynde and his son John de la Wynde. Their French name literally means "William of the Wynde" and "John of the Wynde."

Wynde "is surely the old and correct pronunciation" of wind, pronounced with a short "i", "preserved to us even to the present day", according to an 1881 English study of etymology. It is seen spelled this way in fragments of Middle English poetry, such as the song of the western wind, Westron Wynde; and in a Saxon name for November—Wynde-Monað, or "wind month". While it is uncertain what it meant for a family to be known as being "of the Wind", this could refer to their home being in a particularly windy spot along the coast, or their being associated with a windmill. After all, the first vertical windmills in England were built in the late twelfth century and they would have been a new technology worth noting in the century afterward as surnames began to develop.

When the next great survey of England was taken, in the Sussex Subsidy of 1296, there are not many last names with both the French "de" and "le", but instead there is the growing use of the Middle English contraction "atte" (meaning "at the").  That census records a Richard atte Wynde and a Robert atte Wynde, possible relatives or descendants of William de la Wynde or John de la Wynde mentioned in 1274 in Wilting (now part of Crowhurst), a location just three miles down the road.

Over the next century or two in Sussex, we see the "atte" at the start of these last names replaced with an "er" at the end. The name atte Stone becomes Stoner, atte Bridge becomes Bridger, atte Greene becomes Greener, atte Walle becomes Waller, and atte Wynde becomes Wynder.

The letter "y" was often used to represent the short "i" sound in Middle English, and even the will of Richard Wynder in 1555 used spellings such as "wyll" (will), "gyve" (give), "Alyce" (Alice), and "dyshes" (dishes). By the 16th century in the parish records in the counties of Sussex and Kent the surname is spelled interchangeably "Wynder" or "Winder", and by the 18th century "Winder" is the more frequent spelling.

The branch of this family to first come to America was that of the Mormon convert John Rex Winder, born in Biddenden, Kent who immigrated from England to Utah in 1853. This branch of the family pronounces the name "Winder" with the short "i", as in "win".

African-American origins

African Americans, most of whom are descendants of slaves, often used, or were given, the name of their owners. In some Southern states, between one-quarter to one-third of slaves after the American Civil War adopted the surnames of their last owners.

This explains why a number of African American families bear the English-originating surname Winder today. Examples include former Denver Broncos tailback Sammy Winder, and Brigham Young University basketball player Anson Winder.

The slaveholding Winders of antebellum America were descended from the northern England Winders, and pronounced their surname with a long "i", as in "why".

Coat of arms

While a coat of arms does not belong to a surname, they are hereditary and belong not only to the individual to whom they were originally granted by the College of Arms in London, but to all of their male descendants. Therefore, after centuries, many sharing a surname also share a coat of arms.

Sir William Winder of Dufton, Cumberland, England (d. 1766) was granted a coat of arms by the College of Arms.

The arms are described as "chequy, Or and vert, a fess gules," meaning a gold and green checkerboard pattern, with a red band across the middle.

The crest is described as "Out of a ducal coronet Or, a bull's head ermine holding in the mouth a cherry branch slipped and fructed all proper."

The family motto is "Nulla pallescere culpa", translated "To turn pale at no crime."

Notable people

 Aimee Winder Newton (born 1974), first female Republican member of the Salt Lake County Council
 Barbara W. Winder (born 1931), General President of the Relief Society of the LDS Church
 Barney Winder (1884–1954), New Zealand rugby league footballer
 Catherine Winder, executive producer at LucasFilm Animation
 Charles Winder (1874–1921), American sport shooter who competed in the 1908 Olympics
 Charles Sidney Winder (1829–1862), Civil War Confederate general
 Chuck Winder, Idaho state senator since 2008
 Davey Winder, UK-based author, award-winning journalist and broadcaster
 David F. Winder (1947–197), US Army Vietnam War medic posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor
 David Winder, (1824–1912), British portrait painter
 David Kent Winder (1932–2009), United States federal judge
 Frank Winder (1928–2007), Irish biochemistry professor, naturalist and rock climber
 Henry Winder (1693–1752), English minister and chronologist
 John H. Winder (1800–1865), Civil War Confederate general
 John R. Winder (1821–1910), a general authority of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
 Josh Winder (born 1996), American baseball player
 Levin Winder (1757–1819), American Revolutionary War officer and governor of Maryland
 Liam Winder, British entrepreneur and designer, founder of Ripwire, LinkTagger and MetaFortyTwo
 Michael Winder, drummer for the Irish pop band Talulah Does The Hula
 Michael K. Winder, American businessman, historian and politician
 Richard W. Winder (1924–2015), mission president and temple president for the LDS Church
 Robert Winder, British author and cricket player
 Ruth Winder (born 1993), British-born American racing cyclist
 Sammy Winder (born 1959), American former National Football League player
 Susan W. Tanner (born 1953), née Winder, General President of the Young Women's Organization for the LDS Church
 William H. Winder (1775–1824), War of 1812 U.S. general

Notes

English-language surnames
Surnames of English origin

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text:
Q: Knockout and punches plugin not rendering undefined observables I wrote the following code to populate a menu item:

    Wallets

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I'm using knockout.punches as I'm more into curly braces than data-binding every element. wallets is an observable array loaded and kept up-to-date by SignalR.
Ok so far, but this is the way the code is rendered before the wallets observable is defined:

I'm new to knockout so maybe there's some clue I don't know about, but in general I've found little information on punches extension. Where am I wrong?


A European Commission (EC) Briefing Session, hosted by the European Polar Board, and two EC-funded initiatives -- EU-PolarNet and ICE-ARC -- examine the science, impact, opportunities and potential conflicts arising from Arctic climate change.
Session speakers include Peter Horvath, EC Directorate General for Research and Innovation; Sir David King, UK Government Special Representative for Climate Change; Professor Jean-Claude Gascard, Senior Scientist, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Anthony Hobley, Chief Executive, Carbon Tracker Initiative; Sheila Watt-Cloutier, Former Chair of the Inuit Circumpolar Conference; and Thorben Hoffmeister, Executive Officer Geopolitics, Bundeswehr Geoinformation Center.
"The increased global focus on the Arctic brings significant regional opportunities and possibilities, such as new shipping routes, fisheries, and hydrocarbon extraction. But with this comes the potential for conflict and risks to human activities across the region and beyond. The ICE-ARC project, EU-PolarNet (an EU Coordinating Action) and the European Polar Board are committed to connecting science with society through dialogue and engagement with businesses and communities living on the frontline of environmental change. The aim of our session is to stimulate new thinking and raise awareness of the importance for discussion crossing the boundaries between science and society."
Issued on behalf of EC, European Polar Board, EU-PolarNet and ICE-ARC by the Press Office at British Antarctic Survey.
The Arctic is undergoing fundamental change. Long-term temperature records have revealed that the Arctic has warmed faster than other regions of our planet. This 'Arctic amplification' of global warming has led to major and quantifiable changes across the region from changing atmospheric circulation patterns and the melting of glaciers and ice sheets, through to the thawing of permafrost and the changing of the physical environment in, on, and above the Arctic Ocean.
These changes influence weather patterns well beyond the Arctic. However these are not the only pressures on the region as the increase in the demand for natural resources are providing opportunities for investment, with estimates of $100bn or more coming to the Arctic region over the next decade. But a balanced economic scorecard must consider industry sectors that face economic risks from Arctic change. Consequently the environmental, socio-economic, and geopolitical consequences associated with the Arctic change bring opportunities and risks.
ICE-ARC (Ice, Climate, Economics - Arctic Research on Change) is an £11.5M, four-year programme of research (2014-2017), which investigates the environmental, economic and social impacts of a changing Arctic. Physicists, chemists, biologist, economists and sociologists from 23 institutes and 11 countries across Europe, Greenland and Russia have to study and better understand the multifaceted impact of Arctic change.
EU-PolarNet is the world's largest consortium of expertise and infrastructure for polar research. Seventeen countries are represented by 22 of Europe's internationally-respected multi-disciplinary research institutions. From 2015-2020, EU-PolarNet will develop and deliver a strategic framework and mechanisms to prioritise science, optimise the use of polar infrastructure, and broker new partnerships that will lead to the co-design of polar research projects that deliver tangible benefits for society.
The European Polar Board is an independent European Organisation of Directors and Managers of the major European National Polar Programmes. It was established in 1995 by the European Science Foundation as a strategic advisory body on Polar Science. It is concerned with major strategic priorities in the Arctic and Antarctic and has members from national operators and research institutes in 17 countries.


Wash sneakers is very simple, but needs to take certain precautions, otherwise the shoes can spoil. Not necessary to wash them by hand, better to do it in the washing machine. Of course, not every shoes are able to move the Laundry so if you are in doubt of its quality - do not experiment.
Before washing the shoes, you need to prepare. If sneakers hanging dirt, first wash it under running water. Remove the laces, they need to be washed separately, since they can fall iron tips. But insoles can get, and you might want to keep in sneakers.
Put shoes in the washing machine. Best running shoes put in a special bag for washing things, but if you don't have one, use a regular old pillowcase. Also put unnecessary rags, they will soften the blow of the sneaker on the drum.
For washing shoes it is advisable to use liquid detergents, they are gentler effect on the material, and the color remains bright much longer. Add in the compartment for the main wash desired amount of powder and turn on the "delicate wash". Use conditioner when washing shoes is not necessary.
As soon as the sneakers gonna do, fill them with unnecessary paper. This will reduce the risk of deformation of the Shoe during drying. Do not forget to change the newspaper as it gets wet. When shoes are almost dry, remove the gasket from the inside.
If you have on sneakers feature leather panels, treat them colorless cream to add Shine. Pass the laces and can begin to wear a familiar and comfortable shoes.
If you decided not to wash shoes in the washing machine, do it manually. Pour in a basin of warm water and soak the sneakers, let them soak a bit. Start the wash. To do this, use a small sponge and any liquid detergent. Thoroughly wash the sole and inner part of the Shoe. Rinse the shoes in clean water. Shoes gently press out the excess water. Drying produce above way.
Russian savvy the most amazing. Original answer written in the Soviet encyclopedia of the household.
Free sneakers laces. Visually identify the most dirty areas.
Take a lace with one Shoe and a fairly tight wrap on the palm across the fingers. Squeeze your hand into a fist.
Abundant lather the wound cord on the species, rear and end sides. Take the opposite hand to your toothbrush and begin intensively to pass on the lace.
The main convenience of this method is that you can compress and decompress the wrist for a more thorough washing of laces. Repeat the procedure with the lace from the other Shoe.
Some laces can ruin the washing machine. They can easily fall into the hole of the drum and to break some of the mechanisms.
This hand wash method more convenient than the traditional one. Moreover, if you are right handed and will use left hand for washing, it will help you to develop other (not dominant) hemisphere of the brain.


text:
Why 2017 May Be a Bad Year For Lyme Disease | JP McHale
Lyme, Mice, and Why 2017 May Be a Bad Year For the Disease
As anyone who lives in certain areas of the US can tell you, Lyme disease is a particularly big problem every summer. Lyme is a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks, and it can affect different parts of the body in different and significant ways; the symptoms can vary widely from one patient to the next. It's also a disease that we've been hearing more and more about, as the past 20 years have seen a substantial increase in the number of Lyme disease cases.
Unfortunately for people who live in Lyme-affected areas of the US, researchers predict that the summer of 2017 will be an especially bad one for the tick-borne disease. The reason may come as a surprise, and frankly, it's a little gross: mice.
The Mouse-Lyme Connection
Felicia Keesing and Rick Ostfeld, ecologists at Bard College and the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, respectively, say that a mouse infestation one year can lead to an explosion in Lyme cases the following year. The couple has been studying the causes and effects of Lyme for over two decades, and last summer, their Hudson Valley home was hit with a particularly bad mouse infestation. It was indicative of a problem throughout the region, but what's the connection?
Basically, where the mice are, the ticks follow. The mice transmit Lyme to ticks, and ticks, in turn, transmit it to humans. Ostfeld explains, "An individual mouse might have 50, 60, even 100 ticks covering its ears and face." What's more, he explains, mice pass Lyme onto the overwhelming majority of ticks that feed on them — as many as 95% of them. Consequently, last summer's mouse problem will, if Keesing and Ostfeld's prediction is correct, turn into this summer's Lyme epidemic.
The Spread of Lyme
Since the 1980s, Lyme has gone from a little known disease affecting a small number of people to a much more widespread problem. In the early 1980s, Lyme was found in two specific areas of the US: western Wisconsin, and a small area from southern New England to northern New Jersey. In the early 1990s, it had spread somewhat, and there were about 10,000 new cases of it each year in the US.
Today, however, Lyme has exploded. It's found in 260 counties in 14 states, from coastal maine to the southern Mid-Atlantic states, and also in a swatch from the southern tip of Lake Michigan to eastern Minnesota, with a few small clusters on the West Coast. The total number of new cases is now up to around 300,000 each year. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention epidemiologist Kiersten Kugeler, "Lyme disease is quite a big public health problem."
The question of Lyme's timing is a difficult one to answer because there are several possible explanations. Climate change may play a part, for sure. Perhaps more likely is the increase in the number of deer on the east coast, deer carry deer ticks, the particular species that spreads Lyme in the eastern US.
A more likely culprit, however is the Hudson Valley's history of deforestation and more recent reforestation. A brief summary: when the area was settled in earnest by Europeans, more than 200 years ago, many of the trees were cut down. Wood was needed for building things like ships and structures, and the land needed to be clear to settlers could raise crops and livestock. However, conservation efforts in recent decades has brought a lot of those forested areas back, but they're not exactly as they once were. Now, they're clusters of wooded areas broken up by residential areas — just the type of environment that suits mice the best because it has everything they need and not a lot of predators like hawks and foxes.
It's a perfect storm that leads to a population explosion in mice. Where they mice are, the ticks follow. Ticks pick up Lyme from the mice, and then spread it to humans who are out enjoying the region's beautiful natural surroundings and increasingly building their homes near these newly reforested areas. In fact, according to Kugeler, most people who get Lyme actually get it at home.
Protecting Yourself From Lyme
There are several things you can do to reduce your chances of getting Lyme. For starters, do a tick check every day. Their small size (just a millimeter or two) makes them tough to spot, so you do have to be vigilant. They tend to favor the warmer parts of the body, so check in the armpits, the groin, and all over your scalp, especially behind your ears.
If you do find a tick, remove it as quickly as possible using a pair of tweezers. The sooner you get it off, the lower your chances of getting Lyme, since it takes a tick approximately a full day to infect you with the Lyme bacteria.
Then, be on the lookout for symptoms of Lyme, whether you've removed a tick or not. That last part is important, as according to ILADS (or the International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society), fewer than half of the people who get Lyme remember being bitten by a tick. Symptoms include a rash, typically shaped like a bullseye around the bite, plus fever, headache, and arthritic joints. If you've been bitten by a tick or suspect that you may have Lyme, see your doctor immediately for treatment. A full recovery from Lyme is possible when it's caught early and treated properly.


text:
Saint Veronica Giuliani
July 10, 2019 July 10, 2019 ~ genderdesk
July 9 is the feast day of St Veronica Giuliani. By now we shouldn't have to review the usual path to sainthood: a parental attempt to arrange a marriage, followed by decampment to a nunnery. In addition, visions were one of the spiritual gifts allowed to women, so there were more than a few saintly nuns with visions. Often they were recorded by their male confessors, or we would not know about them at all.
St. Veronica did all of that, and more. From a very early age she wanted to do everything the Christ child did, and eventually received the stigmata, and embraced constant suffering as a way to be God, or more accurately, the Trinity.
Once she started having visions, she was instructed (by male priests) to keep a diary, which she did, some thousands of pages worth. No doubt they wanted to keep an eye on her, but without getting too closely involved.
But try to find any of it, even in her native Italian language, and you very quickly run up against a brick wall. Her Wikipedia article is no help of course. At one point they simply scraped an out-of-copyright Catholic encyclopedia for the information they do have, which is pretty much a hagiography, another century's version of the sound bite.
The name of the book is available, it is:
Un tesoro nascosto, ossia diario di S. Veronica Giuliana religiosa Cappuccina in Città di Castello, scritto da lei medesima, publicato e corredato di note.
We even have information about one of the volumes:
Volume IV (1 Maggio 1697-31 decembre 1699). Prato, tip. Giachetti, Figlio e C. 1899, in-8, pp. 912.
There is an interesting commentary on the mysticism here if you can get past the Italian,
Her body washed away in a flood some time ago, and now only the bones are kept in a wax statue of some kind, but her heart is incorrupt, and is still at the Monastero di Santa Veronica Giuliani in Città di Castello, Umbria. The remains of Blessed Lucrezia Elena Cevoli or "Florida Cevoli", who died in 1767 are also preserved here, on the left side of the altar. Florida served as vicar under Giuliani, and became the new abbess on her death. The wiki tells us "she continued the work started under her predecessor and did not use strong and harsh impositions to do so. Instead she did so with a degree of both firmness and gentleness which was a stark contrast to that of Giuliani." Florida and several others later founded a monastery in Mercatello sul Metauro, Giuliani's birth place.
From an obscure website we find the following: stveronicagiuliani.org is supposed to be the definitive source of information, however the website is gone, not even in the Wayback Machine. But there does seem to be a redirect, to the .com version of the webiste…which is in Arabic. This then is the Lebanese group, that adopeted this saint in more recent times, certain that it spoke to them directly. http://www.stveronicagiuliani.com/eng/lifeMessage.html And from these we can find a sort of landing page. There are lots of pictures, if you go deep enough.
From the internet archive we find the following, – book, I guess.
"The Life of S. Veronica Giuliani was written by Felippo Maria Salvatori and published: Rome : Lazzarini, 1803. The translation of the Spiritual life of the Blessed Battista Varani is from the French version published: Clermont-Ferrand, 1840. It is founded upon the collection of her revelations, written in Italian by Matthew Pascucci and rendered into Latin by the Bollandists in the Acta Sanctorum for the 31st of May." (The Blessed Battista Varani would appear to be Camilla Battista da Varano (9 April 1458 – 31 May 1524), a different Poor Clares nun.)
This is extraordinary. It seems to be a sort of scan, but not the usual one from Internet Archive–it seems to be a scan that includes the scanning machine itself, and without the usual thumbnails, essential for navigation. There are also some very clear images, like here, but it takes forever to load.
The PDF is a little easier to read, and includes large portions of her diary in translation:
"We find from the memorials in our possession, that it was on the 4th of April in the year 1694, that Jesus appeared to her with the insignia of His Passion, and presented her with His crown of thorns. The following is her own account, written under obedience :- " On the night of the 4th of April, while I was in prayer, I became rapt in recollection, and beheld an intellectual vision, in which our Lord appeared to me with a large crown of thorns on His Head. Immediately I began to say to Him : ' My divine Spouse, give me those thorns: they are fit for me, and not for Thee, Who art my highest good.' Meanwhile, I felt that our Lord answered me thus: ' I am come to crown thee now, My beloved;' and, in an instant, He took off His crown, and placed it on my head. The pain which it caused was so severe, that I am not conscious of having ever felt anything equal to it. At the same time I was made aware that this my coronation was a sign that I was to be the spouse of Christ, and that, in token of this, He desired that, by participating in His sufferings, I should acquire the title of the Spouse of God Crucified; therefore I was myself to be crucified with my divine Spouse. Every puncture on my head seemed to invite me to this. On the same day our Lord promised me that the grace I had just received should be repeated on different occasions. But the satisfaction which I derived from my sufferings was such that I seemed literally to pine after torments." Surely this was a proof of the truth of the supernatural favour she had received."
Very extraordinary stuff. If this happened to someone today, blinding headaches, sudden unconsciousness, visions, it might be very concerning. But in 1660 there was a ready explanation with a silver lining and a path to sainthood.
Another copy here, easier to navigate, and here, both Google scans with images that are not quite as sharp.
There is also a version available on google books. There also seems to be a series of eight to ten volumes published by the monastery from 1969-1974 or so. Here is volume 5, which will give the chapter headings, but not even a snippet view. There is also an 8-volume set spanning several years, ending in 1895.
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Stainless-steel sinks are also very popular, specifically with professional cooks, although copper sinks - basically the farmhouse style - are gaining in attraction, at least in part due for the appealing warmth of the pure patina copper develops since it ages. Kitchen sinks made of artisan materials, though not yet simply because well-known as copper, stainless and stone, are all to the upswing. Examples are fireclay kitchen sinks, which are often made in the farm style, and place concrete sinks. Cast concrete in particular allows the artisan to create an amazing array of variations: single well, double well, trough, combined sink and draining board units, kitchen countertops with integrated sinks plus the farm style, along with unusual shapes. This modern material brings one more aspect into the design mix - the green kitchen sink. By incorporating recycled materials with the cement, artisans can lessen both environmental impact and the excess weight of the finished sink.
Inianwarhadi - Kitchen cabinet design ideas unique kitchen cabinets. Take your kitchen cabinets far beyond simple storage with these creative design ideas 45 kitchen cabinet ideas we're obsessed with corner cabinets customize your cabinets to fit into the. Corner cabinet etsy. Reclaimed wood wall cabinet, corner cabinet, rustic corner cabinet, farmhouse corner cabinet, corner kitchen cabinet,rustic bathroom cabinet cassolspaintedmantel 5 out of 5 stars 223 $ 265 get fresh etsy trends and unique gift ideas delivered right to your inbox enter your email. Wall kitchen cabinets kitchen the home depot. The hampton bay designer series open shelf wall the hampton bay designer series open shelf wall cabinet adds functional storage and beauty to your kitchen design easy access to stored items easy access to stored items. 10 corner cabinet ideas that optimize your kitchen space. Swing out corner cabinets are a good way to maximize the storage capabilities of a kitchen in this traditional kitchen you can see a set of wire shelves, some installed inside the cabinet, under the counter, and some attached to the door. : corner wall cabinet: home & kitchen. Online shopping from a great selection at home & kitchen store skip to main content from the community try prime newage products pro 3 0 series corner wall cabinet gray, garage cabinet, 52001 by newage products inc 4 2 out of 5 stars 10 more buying choices $ 5 new offers. Best 25 corner cabinet kitchen ideas on pinterest. Find and save ideas about corner cabinet kitchen on pinterest see more ideas about corner pantry cabinet, corner cabinets and corner cabinet solutions corner cabinets and corner cabinet solutions. Corner kitchen cabinets: pictures, ideas & tips from hgtv. One idea to investigate is whether or not your corner kitchen cabinets can become a drawer cabinet combo drawers by nature pull out and allow you access to the back of your cabinets in the simplest way custom corner cabinets made with pie shaped drawers are one option for creating a more effective corner area of your kitchen. Affordable kitchen cabinets millwork city. Whether you prefer dark wood kitchen cabinets, white kitchen cabinets, antique or modern cabinets, millwork city has a selection that can suit your needs perfectly find standard cabinets as well as glass front cabinets, corner base cabinets, and more. : kitchen wall cabinets. 1 16 of over 30,000 results for "kitchen wall cabinets" showing selected results see all results for kitchen wall cabinets elite 54" wall cabinet by prepac $ $ 134 51 $ prime 4 5 days save $4 01 with coupon free shipping on eligible orders 4 1 out of 5 stars 1,789 product description. 21 diy kitchen cabinets ideas & plans that are easy. 21 diy kitchen cabinets ideas & plans that are easy & cheap to build by jennifer poindexter wall corner pie cut kitchen cabinet this cabinet would work great in a lot of corners it is a type of cabinet that it works well to have a lazy susan in the corner.


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How to overcome a failed friendship?
Firstly, You need to take a step back and ask yourself. Do i benefit from this person's company or friendship emotionally (Don't be that one douche who uses people)? Does this person genuinely make me happy and isn't toxic? Can i see us staying friends in the near future? If the answer is no , Just walk away. You won't need them in your life. If your now saying, but i need them for class, or I'll be lonely then let me ask you this. Is that a friendship?
Google definition> the emotions or conduct of friends; the state of being friends.
Whats your definition? For me its an emotional supporting connection, i share with people that genuinely makes me a happier person, One that is full of love and enjoyment, we can grow and develop together and make our lives that much better by a minimal social interaction.
If you don't or can't have that connection with that person, then are they really worth the effort? You don't need toxic people in your life. No one does. So save yourself the trouble and just walk away and, you'll be much happier. But yet again, I'm a random stranger, on the internet, I can't tell you how to live your life, but i can tell you my opinion, and give you things to take from and think about. I surround myself with people i love and care about. People that are toxic are non existent in my life, because i do not benefit from there presence. They make me feel nothing but pain, and every attempt i ever try to get close or have a meaningful heart-filled relationship goes down the gutter, So i don't bother.
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FASHIONED HERE opening night at the Canberra Museum and Gallery. Exhibition running 3 September – 22 January 2012. FASHIONED HERE unpacks the wardrobe of CMAG. The exhibition shows the work of fashion designers, milliners and related private business that are represented in CMAG's permanent collection, as well as selected current designers. I was selected for the millinery collection along with Canberra's first milliner Irmgard Lyons whose label was 'Tracey Lord". Exciting!!
I was delighted when Dale Middleby Curator of the exhibition and Imrgard visited me in my studio for afternoon tea.
This entry was posted on Friday, October 14th, 2011 at 7:15 pm	and is filed under Uncategorized. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.


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Definition of Equity Dilution (Stock Dilution) Be careful though because the employee stake includes options and other derivatives. Sometimes options aren't counted as "real" stock for corporate votes. Also, sometimes a company's board controls the company more than the shareholders.
5. There is some dilution arising from the issue of employee stock options because if they are exercised new Treasury stock is issued. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (1995) in their publication FASB 123 makes some suggestions as to how employee stock options should be valued from the viewpoint of the company granting them.
How do you value employee stock options (ESO)? This is possibly the central issue in the debate about whether these options should be expensed or whether this method of compensation can be left out all together from the income statement but noted in the notes of the financial statements.
The Economic Dilution of Employee Stock Options: Diluted EPS for Valuation and Financial Reporting. John E. Core a, Wayne R. Guay a, and S. P. Kothari b. a University of Pennsylvania. b Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
We find that managers increase the level of their firms' stock repurchases when: (1) the dilutive effect of outstanding employee stock options (ESOs) on diluted EPS increases, and (2) earnings are below the level required to achieve the desired rate of EPS growth.
Using firm-wide data on 731 employee stock option plans, our proposed measure suggests that economic dilution from options is, on average, 100 percent greater than dilution in reported diluted EPS using the FASB treasury-stock method.
Calculating the dilution for stock options is relatively easy, because you know the exact amount of shares that are going to be issued. However, calculating dilution for convertible debt is a bit more difficult.


The National Economic and Development Authority Board Investment Coordination Committee-Cabinet Committee (ICC-CabCom) approved for NEDA Board confirmation, two new projects and changes in two previously-approved projects.
The ICC-CabCom also confirmed the Rate of Return (RoR) for one Public-Private Partnership (PPP) project.
On December 19, the ICC-CabCom approved the Regional Fish Port Project for the Greater Capital Region (GCR) of the Department of Agriculture Philippine Fisheries Development Authority (PhP14.07 billion) and the Philippines-Korea Project Preparation Facility (PK-PPF) of the Department of Finance (PhP3.87 billion).
The Regional Fish Port Project for GCR will rehabilitate and upgrade the Navotas Fish Port Complex (NFPC) to serve the present and future demands of the GCR. By providing the needed postharvest facilities, services, and logistics, the project will facilitate access of fishermen to value chains (fish, processor, and exporters).
Meanwhile, the PK-PPF aims to support the efficient and timely implementation of the projects under the Build Build Build program, more specifically, priority projects of the National Irrigation Administration and Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), through the conduct of project preparatory activities.
The facility will also be open to other agencies that need immediate support in project preparation and packaging.
Moreover, the ICC also approved the proposed changes in two previously-approved projects in Mindanao.
First, the ICC reconfirmed its earlier approval of the Road Network Development Project in Conflict-Affected Areas in Mindanao (RNDP-CAAM) of DPWH with a total project cost of PhP12.86 billion.
Second is the ICC approval of the change in scope and increase in the cost of the Reconstruction and Development Plan for a Greater Marawi Stage 2 of DPWH.
The change in scope includes the construction of the expanded Marawi Transcentral Road (MTR) Phase 4 with a length of 20.68 km, as well as the construction/rehabilitation of the three vital-link bridges located in the same area. The updated project cost is PhP6.84 billion as a result of the change in scope.
The ICC-CabCom also confirmed the reasonable rate of return submitted by the lone complying bidder of the Clark International Airport (CIA) Expansion Project O and M PPP Concession of the Bases Conversion and Development Authority.
This is pursuant to Republic Act (RA) No. 6957, as amended by RA 7718, or the Build-Operate-Transfer Law.
The project will develop the CIA as a major gateway/transport hub in the Northern and Central Luzon regions. It involves the management, operations and maintenance of the existing passenger terminal and the proposed new passenger terminal buildings.


text:
New Jersey hospital admits giving a kidney transplant to the wrong person
Posted 7:58 am, November 27, 2019, by CNN Wire Service
NEW JERSEY — A patient at a southern New Jersey hospital inadvertently got a transplanted kidney that was intended for another patient, officials confirmed to CNN Tuesday.
The 51-year-old patient was on the transplant list at Virtua Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, but a day after the transplant someone on the clinical team realized the patient "was inadvertently transplanted out of priority order," according to a press release from the hospital.
The hospital notified the patients in the case, and the patient who was supposed to get the kidney received one six days later. Both patients are doing well, the hospital confirmed. Neither patient was identified by the hospital.
The hospital also reported the incident to the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network and the New Jersey Department of Health, who investigated the incident, according to the hospital.
"We have a profound responsibility to people who literally place their lives in our hands," said Dr. Reginald Blaber, executive vice president and chief clinical officer of Virtua Health. "Mistakes of this magnitude are rare, and despite the unusual circumstances of similar patient identities, additional verification would have prevented this error."
Virtua Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital is the only hospital in southern New Jersey to provide transplant services, according to their website. The Lourdes Regional Organ Transplantation Center has been performing kidney transplants since 1974.
"This is an unprecedented event in our respected 40-plus-year transplant program," Blaber added. "As an organization committed to safety and process, we immediately instituted additional measures and educational reinforcement to help ensure this does not happen again."
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It is with great personal pride and pleasure that I report that Ifield School in Gravesend has been awarded its second consecutive Outstanding OFSTED, so that the school has now been assessed as 'Outstanding' in three out of the past four Inspections. Ifield is a Special School serving children with Profound, Severe and Complex Difficulties and severe Communication Difficulties. I was Chairman of Governors for six years, taking over at a time of difficulty for the school but have now retired, although I continue as an Associate Governor, so am well aware of the challenges facing governors today.
Inspirational leadership by the headteacher, supported by senior and middle leaders, has created a clear vision for the future of the school, and improved learning and achievement in recent years. All pupils achieve exceptionally well throughout the school because staff know each one very well. Pupils make excellent progress from their starting points. They make significant gains in improving their reading, writing, communication and mathematics skills.
The outstanding teaching is very successful in ensuring the overwhelming majority of pupils make excellent progress. Teaching targets support for the pupils' needs very effectively.
Pupils' behaviour is exemplary. This is because they are happy learners and feel safe, secure and valued by all staff. They have excellent attitudes towards their learning.
Leadership and management are of a consistently high quality. The headteacher, together with senior and middle leaders, ensures that the performance of staff is evaluated rigorously and developed to ensure the best for the students.
High-quality partnerships exist with other educational providers to improve the quality of teaching and pupils' achievement.
Children in the Reception class have an excellent start to their schooling because staff have high expectations of what they can achieve and their needs are met extremely well.
In almost all lessons, the most able pupils are given activities that challenge their thinking and have opportunities to practise their literacy and numeracy skills in different subjects. Just occasionally, staff planning falls a little short of this expectation.
The sixth form is excellent. Pupils have extensive opportunities to experience life outside school. These successfully help prepare them for their next steps in later life and learning.
The experienced Chair and members of the governing body care deeply about the school. They provide a valuable level of challenge and support to leaders. They ensure that government funding for improving learners' basic skills is well spent for the benefit of all groups of pupils.
Ifield School is a special school for children and young people with profound, severe and complex needs. Almost half of all pupils have a diagnosis of autism, and speech and language difficulties; some have complex medical needs.
Almost all pupils are admitted from nurseries and maintained schools from across the county. All pupils have a statement of special educational needs.
The proportion of pupils from ethnic minority heritages is just above average, and the proportion of the pupils who speak English as an additional language is just below average, with a few at the early stages of learning English. The majority of pupils are boys.
The proportion of pupils known to be eligible for the pupil premium (those eligible for free school meals, those in care and those with a parent or carer in the armed services) is above average. Nine pupils are looked after by Kent or other local authorities.
A small proportion of pupils across the school are involved with the local Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) as a result of their behavioural needs.
The sixth form is based at North West Kent College and nursery-aged children attend The King's Farm Nursery, both being taught by Ifield staff.
The school works with many different bodies and organisations, including the Gravesham Learning Partnership, Thamesview School, Hadlow College, and the Challenger Troop.
In 2012, the local authority devolved the Specialist Teaching and Learning Service (STLS) to 12 special schools in Kent, of which Ifield currently manages two districts. Since this time, Ifield staff have strengthened outreach services in partnership with other schools by providing specialist staff training and resources through SMILE (Supporting Multi-Professional Inclusive Learning and Education) based at the school, for 36 Gravesham schools. It also leads on research and development in the training of new teachers in partnership with two universities.
The school is located on an attractive and spacious nine acre site. There is also a six acre managed woodland area off site that provides a stimulating outside classroom.
The school was designated a National Support School in May 2013.The headteacher is a National Leader in Education (NLE) and one of the assistant headteachers is a Specialist Leader in Education (SLE).
Not resting on its laurels, Ifield is currently close to final agreement on a 19-24 Centre, as many of its young people continue to need further development in life skills after school..
The reference to SMILE, whilst brief, refers to a county wide programme in SEN, which was first developed at Ifield School in 1999. It has built upon what was originally a unique programme of support for children with Special Education Needs in mainstream schools in Gravesham, to its current widely recognised activities of: training in SEN for teachers, classroom assistants, parents and others from across Kent; offering specialist support for children in 36 mainstream schools with SEN, especially autistic spectrum disorders; and providing a resource base for mainstream schools to draw on. KCC has now adopted the highly successful Ifield SMILE concept and run it out across Kent.
The school has over 150 staff, operating on its four sites and into the community, and my congratulations go to everyone involved, not least our 200 wonderful pupils whose education is the reason so many staff show such commitment in this excellent school.


One of Tim's favorite "Dead Legends" to perform as is Edgar Allan Poe.
As the original "master of the macabre' ," Edgar Allan Poe holds a very honored place in the mind of Tim Beasley, an accomplished multi-media and live stage actor. Tim is well known nationally for his knack of bringing back many deceased popular celebrities and historical figures from the "dead" in his portrayals.
Tim's chilling portrayal of Edgar Allan Poe is not a séance, spirit possession or channeling phenomenon, but simply an uncanny ability to pull Poe's deceased personality, literary mind and physical likeness back into the light of the living….
Tim's impersonation mystically conjures up Edgar Allan Poe himself, in the audiences' imaginations, by breathing life back into the memories of Poe's fabulous tales of terror and other literary masterpieces.
As any fan of Poe's will tell you, it's the haunting memory of his poems and stories that eternally lock the listener to the chains of his tormented soul.
Tim Beasley will enjoy bringing you and your guests an evening's entire "Herd Of Nightmares" as he reads the classic Poe to you, as Poe would have himself…..
These include the haunting poetic masterpiece "The Raven**" and the horrific "The Black Cat," "Telltale Heart," "The Pit and The Pendulum," "Premature Burial" and other gloriously ghoulish tales, plus the beautiful prose of his other poems like "Annabelle Lee."
Tim is proud that he was engaged to perform "The Raven" and be co-presenter of the 2008 Private Eye Writers of America Shamus Awards banquet, held at Edgar Allan Poe's final resting place, Westminster Hall and Burying Ground, in older Baltimore, MD. This historical landmark and gothic style church is one of the most important of all Poe related locations.
Tim Beasley as "Poe" has a quiet moment of reflection at Edgar Allan Poe's gravesite in the Westminster Burying Ground.
Booking now, and also consider booking his other favorite "dead legends" appearances.


Denver Democratic Rep. Mark Ferrandino this morning told radio host David Sirota that Coloradans should demand state Republican Speaker of the House Frank McNulty strip out the last-minute amendment his caucus added to the annual rule-making bill in order to roll back payday loan fee regulations put in place last year. Ferrandino said Republicans were playing chicken with billions of dollars in Colorado business revenue just to cater to one special-interest group.
Attorney General John Suthers is not writing the new rules that will govern the payday loan industry in Colorado. That's why he is playing down the $10,000 in campaign donations he has received from the industry, saying the cash won't influence the final contours of the new state regulations. The person writing the rules, Laura Udis, has worked in the attorney general's department of consumer protection for more than two decades. She told the Colorado Independent that Suthers has so far not been involved in her work on the path-breaking payday legislation that was passed in the spring and that she expects Suthers to remain uninvolved.


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Het Noorse directoraat voor cultureel erfgoed (Noors: Riksantikvaren of Direktoratet for kulturminneforvaltning) is een overheidsinstantie die verantwoordelijk is voor het beheer van het cultureel erfgoed in Noorwegen. Het valt onder het Noorse Ministerie van Milieu en voert de cultureelerfgoedwet (Lov om kulturminner) van 9 juni 1978 uit. Het directoraat heeft ook verantwoordelijkheden in het kader van het Noorse planning- en bouwrecht.

Cultureel erfgoedbeheer in Noorwegen

Het directoraat voor cultureel erfgoed is verantwoordelijk voor het beheer op nationaal niveau. Op regionaal niveau zijn de provinciehoofdsteden verantwoordelijk voor het beheer binnen hun provincie. Het Sameting is verantwoordelijk voor het beheer van het Sami-erfgoed. Op het eiland Svalbard draagt de gouverneur van Spitsbergen de beheersverantwoordelijkheid. De rechten voor archeologische opgravingen zijn verleend aan vijf archeologische musea.

Geschiedenis
Het beschermen van cultureel erfgoed begon in de vroege jaren 1900 en de eerste wetten rond erfgoedvondsten kwamen er in 1905. De eerste wet ter bescherming van historische gebouwen verscheen in 1920. De functie van nationaal antiquair (Noors: Riksantikvar) werd in 1912 in het leven geroepen en verwijst heden ten dage naar de directeur van het directoraat. Toen in 1972 het Ministerie van Milieu werd opgericht, werd de verantwoordelijkheid naar daar overgedragen. De huidige wetgeving voor het cultureel erfgoed, ter vervanging van de twee oudere wetten, dateert van 9 juni 1978. Het ambt werd een directoraat op 1 juli 1988.

Lijst van directeurs (Riksantikvar)
 1912-1913 Herman Major Schirmer
 1913-1946 Harry Fett
 1946-1958 Arne Nygård-Nilssen
 1958-1977 Roar Hauglid
 1978-1991 Stephan Tschudi-Madsen
 1991-1997 Øivind Lunde (niet in dienst sinds 1995)
 1997-2009 Nils Marstein (waarnemend sinds 1995)
 2009-2009 Sjur Helseth (waarnemend)
 2009-2018 Jørn Holme
 2018-heden Hanna Geiran

Noorse overheid


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Providing support: Principal Darryl Owen and Collie-Preston MLA Mick Murray with Year 1 and 2 students from Dardanup Primary School. Photo: Thomas Munday.
The State Government's Local Projects, Local Jobs initiative has provided $60,000 for a new car park at Dardanup Primary School.
The funds went towards the construction of 12 new bays and redevelopments to an adjacent footpath.
The overall project was set up to alleviate congestion and increase safety during pick-up/drop-off periods.
Collie-Preston MLA Mick Murray and Dardanup Primary School principal Darryl Owen officially opened the car park earlier this month.
"As a politician, it's pleasing to be able to deliver on our promises," he said.
"It's good that the kids can now safely go to and from the school, without crossing any roads.
"Schools are very important, and it's important to support the headmasters, teachers, and students along the way."
Mr Owen said the school has received positive feedback from parents and teachers.


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Posted in | Automotive Robotics | Humanoids | Industrial Robotics
Researchers Receive NSF Grant to Develop Robot-Based System to Assess Workers' Skills
Written by AZoRoboticsAug 10 2017
Due to the fact that automation has transpired to be the order of the day in the manufacturing industry, vocational training for workers functioning beside robots has been highly indispensable.
Fillia Makedon, a UTA professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, is using an NSF grant to develop iWork, a smart, robot-based system that assesses workers' skills while they perform simulated manufacturing tasks. Credit: The University of Texas at Arlington
A research team headed by Fillia Makedon, a Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at The University of Texas at Arlington, has been awarded a National Science Foundation grant for US$999,638 to create iWork, a smart, robot-based system that evaluates the physical, collaborative and cognitive skills of the workers while carrying out simulated manufacturing operations.
For many years now, the Heracleia Human Centered Computing Laboratory run by Makedon has performed vocational simulation experiments to investigate the ideal techniques for training and preparing workers with or without disabilities for automated production in the future. The workers must be in a position to efficaciously and safely cooperate with state-of-the-art robots.
The experiments are developed such that they perform in real-time analysis of the cognitive skills (e.g. attention and task awareness), and also the cooperative and physical capacities of a worker to work alongside a robot, recognize defects and identify the specific requirements for customized training and/or rehabilitation.
Certain evaluations, for example, determining specific requirements or defects such as agility or vision problems, or carrying out erroneous operations, are automatically ascertained. Yet other evaluations, for example, in case if a worker does not concentrate on the exact place and performs erroneous operations, have to be fed to the computer first to enable it to evaluate the operations done by the worker and subsequently create a profile or conduct pattern that has to be rectified.
In addition to the state-of-the-art computational techniques for determining human capacity, intent and potential, the study is also closely related to manufacturing factories employing robots that hope to minimize the time needed for on-the-job training or retraining of people, and also to avoid accidents at the work spot.
The system employs a modular, closed loop "behavior discovery" data flow that can be readily personalized and includes four phases: assessment, recommendation, intervention and evaluation. At the end of each phase, the system advocates customized interventions for vocational training and rehabilitation, with the help of a human factors specialist.
iWork will assess and train both human workers, as well as robot co-workers as they collaborate, producing personalized, low-cost vocational training solutions that have huge economic and societal impacts and affect many economic sectors. Most importantly, it could impact millions of people seeking to retrain for a manufacturing job, including those facing a type of learning or aging disability or returning from military service with some health issues.
Fillia Makedon, Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington
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The latest grant is a direct continuation of Makedon's earlier supported NSF grants, including two Major Research Instrumentation Program grants, a cyberphysical systems grant and a new large cyberhuman systems grant for investigating physical, cognitive and collaborative skills.
Vassilis Athitsos, an Associate Professor at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering in UTA, Morris Bell, a Yale University Psychology Expert, and Nicolette Hass, a Vocational Expert in the Psychology Department in UTA, were the members of Makedon's team.
Furthermore, three industry partners will contribute in different ways:
C8Sciences, an educational firm, will assess the system in relation to training of young adults.
SoftBank Robotics will host the technical expertise for using a humanoid robot.
InteraXon will supply hardware and software for improving system functionality for monitoring brain activity.
According to Duane Dimos, UTA Vice President for research, projects carried out by Makedon are pushing forward the insights into human-robot interaction.
"These projects are advancing knowledge in human-robot interactions that will lead to training improvements for workers, including those with minor disabilities, to interact effectively and safely with robots, which will boost the manufacturing industry's ability to hire employees and be sure their training is adequate," stated Dimos.
According to Hong Jiang, Wendell H. Nedderman Professor and Chair of the Computer Science and Engineering Department, the study points toward UTA's advancing research competence in data-driven inventions under the University's Strategic Plan 2020: Bold Solutions | Global Impact.
Professor Makedon has created an outstanding research effort in human-machine performance and machine learning at UTA.
Hong Jiang, Wendell H. Nedderman Professor and Chair of the Computer Science and Engineering Department
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Dr. Antonio R. Gargiulo, Medical Director of the Center for Robotic Surgery of Brigham and Women's Health Care in Boston, Massachusetts talks to Kal Kaur at AZoRobotics about Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Myomectomy.
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Home South Pacific History The Battle of Rangiriri: European Expansion into the Waikato
South Pacific History
The Battle of Rangiriri: European Expansion into the Waikato
The repulse of the Royal Navy storming party, Rangiriri Pa. (20th November 1863)
In the New Zealand Wars, the Battle of Rangiriri was won by the British at considerable cost to the forces of its Imperial Army.
The New Zealand Wars erupted at the start of the 1860's in Taranaki, where British imperial ambitions met head-on with the indigenous people determined to protect their property rights and traditional way of life. The real power base of the Maori people at that time however, and the centre of its increasingly organised King movement (Kingitanga), lay along the lower reaches of the Waikato River.
By the time war broke out to the south, settlers were arriving in the capital Auckland in large numbers, and unsuccessful gold-diggers were leaving the Coromandel in search of new ways to make their fortunes. There was pressure on a new colonial government to make land available for farming, and the Great South Road was in the making. The lands of Kingitanga had become of great strategic value.
Governor Grey is Rebuffed by Tainui
The rich land that lay beyond Auckland's southern hills was an obvious target for colonial expansion, and in January 1863 Governor George Grey travelled to Ngaruawahia seeking an arrangement with the Maori King. He returned to Auckland under no illusions; The Tainui people of Waikato did not welcome European settlement in their territory, and they would not allow British ships to sail on their river.
As negotiations for colonial access to the region failed and competition for the Waikato lands became inevitable, there were also fears of a possible Maori attack on the capital itself. While New Zealand had recently become self-governing in most respects, its defence was still in the hands of Britain. The military presence in Auckland was strengthened when the Imperial War Office despatched 3,000 additional troops, many of them from India, and commissioned a number of river-capable ships to sail under the Royal Navy ensign. A new front would soon open in the New Zealand Wars, and as a result of ill-conceived British actions, the site of its defining engagement would be Rangiriri.
Invasion of the Waikato
In July 1863 the first deadly skirmishes occurred in South Auckland when well-organised bands of Maori made attacks on settlers. The military response was swift, and as the army marched south, encountering stern resistance from the warriors along the way, the naval gunships Avon and Pioneer entered the Waikato River. The small steamships were armed for assault upon the Maori positions they passed as they moved upriver, and would prove effective as the war in the Waikato reached its climax. They were also invaluable for the transport of men and supplies as the advance moved further from the redoubts (forts) built on the territory claimed along the way.
As the invasion of Waikato proceeded, the Avon and Pioneer were used to tow into the battle zone barges carrying troops and their heavy artillery. In late October, the fortifications of Meremere quickly succumbed to a British bombardment, and the way was opened for a strike at the heart of Kingitanga territory. 20km upriver was the stronghold of Rangiriri, defended by 500 warriors under the leadership of Ngati Haua Chief Wiremu Tamehana, the 'Kingmaker'.
On 20 November 1863, General Duncan Cameron led 1,300 troops against the Ngati Haua at Rangiriri. As the main contingent marched from Meremere, the naval flotilla travelled upriver carrying troops who would attack the rear of the Maori defences, the plan being to affect a coordinated pincer movement.
The British are Impatient for Success
Arriving in position by mid-afternoon and ahead of the boats, Cameron decided he couldn't wait, and unleashed his light artillery on the fortifications. This engagement had little effect on the well dug in Maori warriors, but Cameron wasn't done. Impatient for progress as high winds and a swift current delayed the flotilla, a full attack was launched. It was a mistake. The seriously outnumbered defenders of Rangiriri, highly adept at protecting their positions from trenches and behind parapets that shielded the high ground of their pa, repulsed the British attack with rifle fire on the troops below.
The British force suffered serious casualties as a result of its badly timed manoeuvre. But eventually the river-borne reinforcements arrived to take position at the rear of the main defences. All through the night the British were subjected to rifle fire from within the pa, counting their losses and pondering their initial failure to take the stronghold. But for the defenders of Rangariri, it was just a matter of time before they would be overcome.
Rangiriri Falls to the Imperial Force
Maori fortifications, however well engineered and bravely defended, were not designed for long sieges. Having regrouped, the British attacked again at first light. Earlier, in the cover of darkness, Tamehana had led an organised retreat from the battlefield, and the remaining 183 defenders came forward carrying a flag of truce. To the British, this was tantamount to surrender. Rangiriri was duly taken and its surviving defenders taken prisoner and shipped to Auckland for confinement.
The action at Rangariri had cost the British more than 130 casualties. The southward march continued until May 1864, when the Battle of Orakau (near Te Awamutu) signalled the end of the Waikato invasion. Along the way the British learned that there were better ways to subdue the Maori than by engaging in full frontal attacks. Wiremu Tamehana in the meantime had come out seeking peace, and was an early advocate for redress over the loss of tribal land endured in the wake of the New Zealand Wars.
Ryan, T., & Parham, B., The Colonial New Zealand Wars, Grantham House, Wellington, 2002
Walker, R., Struggle Without End, Penguin, Auckland, 1990
Paul Cross
The Victorian Gold Rush: Melbourne Booms when Gold is Discovered in the Colony
The Ghan, the Adelaide to Darwin Railway: One of the World's Great Train Journeys Is Established
Hawaiians Want Identity Hijacked by Americans Restored
Easter Island Under Chilean Governance: Mixed Results for Rapa Nui after 120 Years of Foreign Control
The Discovery and First Settlement of Aotearoa New Zealand
Easter Island After its Discovery by Europeans: Inner, Outer Turmoil Doomed Rapa Nui Civilization
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