text:
Last of the Summer Wine
Characters and casting
Other adaptations
The Last of the Summer Wine (Pilot episode)
Roy Clarke
James Gilbert (1973)
Bernard Thompson (1975)
Sydney Lotterby (1976–1979, 1982–1983)
Ray Butt (1976)
Alan J. W. Bell (1981–1982, 1983–2010)
Michael Bates
Bill Owen
Brian Wilde
Michael Aldridge
Tom Owen
Keith Clifford
Russ Abbot
John Comer
Jane Freeman
Joe Gladwin
Kathy Staff
Dame Thora Hird
Jean Alexander
Gordon Wharmby
Robert Fyfe
Juliette Kaplan
Jean Fergusson
Danny O'Dea
Josephine Tewson
Barbara Young
Theme music composer
Ronnie Hazlehurst
"The Last of the Summer Wine"
Nigel Hess
No. of series
No. of episodes
295 (list of episodes)
Production location(s)
Holmfirth, West Yorkshire, England
Pat O'Shea
Production company(s)
ABC (Australia, home video)
Warner Home Video (US, home video)
Original network
Picture format
576i (4:3 SDTV) (1973–1998) 576i (16:9 SDTV) (1999–2005) (720p 16:9 HDTV) (2006) (1080i HDTV 16:9) (2007–2010)
Mono (1973–1990)
Stereo (1990-2005)
Dolby Digital 5.1 (2006–2010)
4 January 1973 (1973-01-04) –
29 August 2010 (2010-08-29)
First of the Summer Wine
Last of the Summer Wine is a British sitcom created and written by Roy Clarke and originally broadcast by the BBC from 1973 to 2010. It premiered as an episode of Comedy Playhouse on 4 January 1973, and the first series of episodes followed on 12 November 1973. From 1983 to 2010, Alan J. W. Bell produced and directed all episodes of the show. The BBC confirmed on 2 June 2010 that Last of the Summer Wine would no longer be produced and the 31st series would be its last.[1] Subsequently, the final episode was broadcast on 29 August 2010.[2] Since its original release, all 295 episodes, comprising thirty-one series — including the pilot and all films and specials — have been released on DVD.[3] Repeats of the show are broadcast in the UK on Gold, Yesterday, and Drama. It is also seen in more than twenty-five countries,[4] including various PBS stations in the United States and on VisionTV in Canada. Last of the Summer Wine is the longest-running comedy programme in Britain and the longest-running sitcom in the world.[5][6]
Last of the Summer Wine was set and filmed in and around Holmfirth, West Yorkshire, England, and centred on a trio of old men and their youthful misadventures; the membership of the trio changed several times over the years. The original trio consisted of Bill Owen as the mischievous and impulsive Compo Simmonite, Peter Sallis as easy-going everyman Norman Clegg, and Michael Bates as uptight and arrogant Cyril Blamire. When Bates dropped out due to illness in 1976 after two series, the role of the third man of the trio was filled in various years up to the 30th series by the quirky war veteran Walter "Foggy" Dewhurst (Brian Wilde), who had two lengthy stints in the series, the eccentric inventor Seymour Utterthwaite (Michael Aldridge), and former police officer Herbert "Truly of The Yard" Truelove (Frank Thornton). The men never seem to grow up, and they develop a unique perspective on their equally eccentric fellow townspeople through their stunts. Although in its early years the series generally revolved around the exploits of the main trio, with occasional interaction with a few recurring characters, over time the cast grew to include a variety of supporting characters and by later years the series was very much an ensemble piece. Each of these recurring characters contributed their own running jokes and subplots to the show, often becoming reluctantly involved in the schemes of the trio, or on occasion having their own, separate storylines.
After the death of Owen in 1999, Compo was replaced at various times by his real-life son, Tom Owen, as equally unhygienic Tom Simmonite, Keith Clifford as Billy Hardcastle, a man who thought of himself as a descendant of Robin Hood, and Brian Murphy as the cheeky-chappy Alvin Smedley. Due to the age of the main cast, a new trio was formed during the 30th series featuring somewhat younger actors, and this format was used for the final two instalments of the show. This group consisted of Russ Abbot as a former milkman who fancied himself a secret agent, Luther "Hobbo" Hobdyke, Burt Kwouk as the electrical repairman, "Electrical" Entwistle, and Murphy as Alvin Smedley. Sallis and Thornton, both past members of the trio, continued in supporting roles alongside the new actors.
Although many felt that the show's quality had declined over the years,[7] Last of the Summer Wine continued to receive large audiences for the BBC[8] and was praised for its positive portrayal of older people[9] and family-friendly humour.[9] Many members of the Royal Family enjoyed the show.[10] The programme was nominated for numerous awards and won the National Television Award for Most Popular Comedy Programme in 1999.[11] There were twenty-one Christmas specials, three television films and a documentary film about the series. Last of the Summer Wine inspired other adaptations, including a television prequel,[12] several novelisations,[13] and stage adaptations.[14]
In 1972, Duncan Wood, the BBC's Head of Comedy, watched a comedy on television called The Misfit. Impressed by writer Roy Clarke's ability to inject both comedy and drama into the sitcom, Wood offered Clarke the opportunity to write a sitcom.[6] Clarke nearly turned the job down as he felt that the BBC's idea for a programme about three old men was a dull concept for a half-hour sitcom. Instead, Clarke proposed that the men should all be unmarried, widowed, or divorced and either unemployed or retired, leaving them free to roam around like adolescents in the prime of their lives, unfettered and uninhibited.[6]
Clarke chose the original title, The Last of the Summer Wine, to convey the idea that the characters are not in the autumn of their lives but the summer, even though it may be "the last of the summer". BBC producers hated this at first and insisted that it remain a temporary working title, while the cast worried that viewers would forget the name of the show.[6] The working title was changed later to The Library Mob, a reference to one of the trio's regular haunts early in the show. Clarke switched back to his original preference shortly before production began,[6] a title that was shortened to Last of the Summer Wine after the pilot show.[15]
The Last of the Summer Wine premiered as an episode of BBC's Comedy Playhouse on 4 January 1973. The pilot, "Of Funerals and Fish", received enough positive response that a full series was commissioned to be broadcast before the end of the year.[16] Although the initial series did not do well in the ratings, the BBC ordered a second series in 1975.[17]
Sid's Café in Holmfirth, a regular filming location. The café has become a tourist destination on the strength of the series, and features a model of Compo outside for photographic purposes.
The site for the exterior shots of Last of the Summer Wine was, in part, suggested by television producer Barry Took, who was familiar with the area. Took had, in the 1950s, toured as a stand-up comic, often appearing at working men's clubs. One such appearance was at Burnlee Working Men's Club, a club in the small West Yorkshire town of Holmfirth, and Took saw Holmfirth's potential as the backdrop of a television show. Twenty years later, he returned to Holmfirth, where he filmed an episode of the BBC documentary series Having a Lovely Time, which turned out to be the highest rated episode of the show. When Took heard that James Gilbert and Roy Clarke were looking for a place with a centre surrounded by hills for their new television programme, he suggested the idea to Duncan Wood, who was at that time filming Comedy Playhouse. Gilbert and Clarke then travelled to Holmfirth and decided to use it as the setting for the pilot episode.[6][18][19][20]
Though the exterior shots were always filmed on location in Holmfirth and the surrounding countryside, the interior shots were, until the early 1990s, filmed in front of a live studio audience at BBC Television Centre in London. The amount of location work increased, however, as studio work became a drain on time and money. Under Alan J. W. Bell, Last of the Summer Wine became the first comedy series to do away with the live studio audience, moving all of the filming to Holmfirth.[21] The episodes were filmed and then shown to preview audiences, whose laughter was recorded and then mixed into each episode's soundtrack to provide a laugh track and avoid the use of canned laughter.[6][21]
The show used actual businesses and homes in and around Holmfirth, and Nora Batty's house, which is actually a Summer Wine themed holiday cottage where members of the public can stay in a replica of Nora Batty's home.[6] Although this has helped the Holmfirth economy and made it a tourist destination, tensions have occasionally surfaced between Holmfirth residents and the crew. One such incident, regarding compensation to local residents, prompted producer Alan J. W. Bell to consider not filming in Holmfirth any more. The situation escalated to the point that Bell filmed a scene in which Nora Batty put her house up for sale.[22]
Every episode of Last of the Summer Wine was written by Roy Clarke. The Comedy Playhouse pilot and all episodes of the first series were produced and directed by James Gilbert. Bernard Thompson produced and directed the second series of episodes in 1975.[16] In 1976, Sydney Lotterby took over as producer and director. He directed all but two episodes of the third series[6][23] – Ray Butt directed "The Great Boarding House Bathroom Caper" and "Cheering up Gordon".[24][25] Lotterby directed two further series before departing the show in 1979.[6][23] In 1981, Alan J. W. Bell took over as producer and director. Bell, in an effort to get each scene exactly right, was known for his use of more film and more takes than his predecessors[6] and for using wider angles that feature more of the local Holmfirth landscape.[13]
In 1983, Lotterby returned to the show at the insistence of Brian Wilde, who preferred Lotterby's use of tight shots focused on the trio as they talked rather than Bell's wide-angle scenes. Lotterby produced and directed one additional series before departing again the same year.[13] Bell then returned to the show beginning with the 1983 Christmas special and produced and directed all episodes of the show to the end of the 31st series.[13]
In 2008, Bell announced that he had quit as producer of Last of the Summer Wine. Citing differences with the BBC and his dislike of their indifference towards the series, Bell said, "I have now decided I will not do it again. I have had enough of the BBC's attitude." The announcement came following rumours initiated by Bell that the corporation would not commission another series of episodes following the 30th series and their indecision regarding a possible one-off special.[26] However, on 26 June 2009, the BBC announced that it had recommissioned the show for a 31st series with Bell continuing as producer and director.[27]
Audio samples of Last of the Summer Wine (media help)
"Last of the Summer Wine" by Ronnie Hazlehurst
Problems playing this file? See media help.
Composer and conductor Ronnie Hazlehurst, who also produced themes for such series as Are You Being Served?, Yes Minister, and Only Fools and Horses, created the theme for the show. The BBC initially disliked Hazlehurst's theme, feeling it was not proper for a comedy programme to have such mellow music. He was asked to play the music faster for more comedic effect but eventually his original slower version was accepted.[6]
The theme, an instrumental work, featured lyrics three times. The 1981 Christmas special, "Whoops", had two verses of lyrics written by Roy Clarke that were performed over the closing credits. The 1983 film, Getting Sam Home, used those two verses, with an additional two and played them over the opening credits. Another altered version was sung during Compo's funeral in the 2000 episode "Just a Small Funeral". Bill Owen also wrote a different version of the lyrics but this version was never used during an episode of the show.[28]
Composing the score for each episode until his death in 2007,[29] Hazlehurst spent an average of ten hours per episode watching scenes and making notes for music synchronisation. Hazlehurst then recorded the music using an orchestra consisting of a guitar, harmonica, two violins, a viola, cello, accordion, horn, bass, flute, and percussion.[6] The distinctive harmonica was played by Harry Pitch, who had featured in the 1970 one-hit-wonder "Groovin With Mr Bloe".[30]
Despite numerous cast and production changes over the years, Last of the Summer Wine continued to be popular with viewers and was renewed year after year despite reports to the contrary. Rumours circulated as early as the 1980s that the BBC wanted to end the show and replace it with a new programme aimed at a younger audience. Its popularity made this decision hard to justify, however, since even repeats sometimes received ratings of as many as five million viewers per episode.[31]
In December 2008, Alan J. W. Bell stated in an interview with The Daily Telegraph that the BBC had not yet commissioned a new series and that bosses at the network told him one would not be produced. Bell criticised this decision, stating that "millions still enjoy the series and the actors love being involved" and that it would be a terrible blow to the shops and businesses in Holmfirth who have come to depend on tourist revenue. The BBC denied these claims, saying that a decision had not yet been reached whether to commission another series or not.[32]
It was confirmed on 26 June 2009 that a 31st series of 6 episodes had been commissioned for transmission in 2010.[27] In June 2010 the BBC announced that it would not renew Last of the Summer Wine after its thirty-first series was broadcast during the summer of 2010.[1] Tom Owen criticised the BBC for not permitting a special final episode.[33] Roy Clarke, however, stated that he was fully aware this was the last series, and preferred the show to have a quiet ending.[34] The final episode of the show, "How Not to Cry at Weddings", was subsequently broadcast on 29 August 2010.[2] The final line was said by Peter Sallis, the longest-serving actor.[35]
Main article: List of Last of the Summer Wine characters
The most famous of the Last of the Summer Wine trios: From left to right: Peter Sallis as Norman Clegg, Brian Wilde as "Foggy" Dewhurst, and Bill Owen as William "Compo" Simmonite.
Initially, the only certain cast member for the show was Peter Sallis. Clarke had already collaborated on a few scripts with him and knew he wanted Sallis on the show. The character of Norman Clegg was created especially for Sallis, who liked the character and agreed to play him.[36][37] He was soon joined by an actor he had previously worked with, Michael Bates as Cyril Blamire. James Gilbert wanted Bates as Blamire because of his reputation as a comedy actor, and Bates loved the role.[38]
"The joy of Bill Owen's Compo is not what he does with the words but where he takes the character beyond what's in the script. He did this in a physical manner. It was only when I saw Bill on screen that I realized what a wonderful physical clown he was."
Roy Clarke on Bill Owen and Compo[39]
Compo Simmonite was the last role to be cast in the original trio. Gilbert had seen film actor Bill Owen playing northern characters in the Royal Court Theatre and proposed to cast him as Compo. Clarke, who initially saw Owen as an archetypal cockney who could not play as solid a northern character as Compo was meant to be, recognised Owen's potential only after going to London for a read-through with him.[16][40]
On-screen chemistry with existing players determined the later changes to the cast. Brian Wilde, Michael Aldridge and Frank Thornton each brought a sense of completion to the trio after the departure of the preceding third man.[41] Tom Owen provided a direct link between his father and himself after the death of Bill Owen.[6][42] Keith Clifford was added following three popular guest appearances on the show.[43][44] Brian Murphy was chosen as Nora Batty's neighbour because of his work on George and Mildred, where he played the hen-pecked husband to a strong-willed woman.[6]
In 2008, the BBC announced that Russ Abbot would join the cast in series 30 as a relatively youthful actor. Abbot was cast to allow Sallis and Thornton to reduce their role on the show to indoor scenes only.[45] Abbot portrayed Luther "Hobbo" Hobdyke, who formed a new trio with Entwistle and Alvin.[46][47] Entwistle, played by Burt Kwouk, had been a supporting character brought in to replace Wesley Pegden after the death of actor Gordon Wharmby, but his role on the show steadily increased in the previous two series.[6][46][47][48][49]
The original cast of Last of the Summer Wine also included a handful of characters with whom the trio regularly interacted. Kathy Staff was chosen to play Compo's neighbour, Nora Batty. Gilbert was initially sceptical about casting Staff but changed his mind after she padded herself to look bigger and read from a scene between her character and Owen's.[50] This group was rounded out by characters at two locations frequented by the trio: John Comer and Jane Freeman as Sid[51] and Ivy,[52] the quarrelling husband-and-wife owners of the local café; and Blake Butler and Rosemary Martin as Mr Wainwright[53] and Mrs Partridge,[54] the librarians having a not-so-secret affair.[55] Butler and Martin, however, were dropped as major characters after the first series. According to Peter Sallis, Roy Clarke felt there was little more he could do with them.[56]
Although the show initially focused on the trio and four to five supporting characters, the cast expanded over the years to include an ensemble of eccentric characters who rounded out the show. The biggest expansion came in 1985 when four characters from the stage adaptation of the show were brought over to the series proper: Howard (Robert Fyfe), Pearl (Juliette Kaplan), Marina (Jean Ferguson), and Ivy's nephew, "Crusher" Milburn (Jonathan Linsley).[57] Further additions came the following year when the film Uncle of the Bride introduced Seymour's sister, Edie, played by veteran actress Thora Hird, and her family, who were brought over to the programme the following series.[58] The only addition with no professional acting experience was the Holmfirth resident Gordon Wharmby, who performed so well during his audition as mechanic Wesley Pegden, that Alan J. W. Bell cast him in one episode. Pegden would make two more appearances before being retconned as Edie's husband and Seymour's brother-in-law after positive audience reception, becoming a regular character starting in Uncle of the Bride.[59][60][61] The increasingly large cast ensured a sense of continuity with the changing configuration of the trio, especially following the death of Bill Owen.[44]
When Alan J. W. Bell took over as producer, the plots of Last of the Summer Wine moved away from the original dialogue-packed scenes in the pub and the library; guest actors were brought in to interact with the trio in new situations. Although many of these guest appearances lasted for only one episode,[62][63] some led to a permanent role on the show, as in the cases of Gordon Wharmby,[64] Thora Hird,[65] Jean Alexander,[66][67] Stephen Lewis,[68] Dora Bryan,[69] Keith Clifford,[69][70][71] Brian Murphy,[72] Josephine Tewson,[73] June Whitfield,[74] Barbara Young,[75] and Trevor Bannister.[76] Other noted guests on the programme included John Cleese,[77] Ron Moody,[78] Sir Norman Wisdom,[79] Eric Sykes,[80] Liz Fraser,[81][82] Stanley Lebor,[83] and Philip Jackson.[84][85][86]
Last of the Summer Wine focused on a trio of older men and their youthful antics. The original trio consisted of Compo Simmonite, Norman Clegg, and Cyril Blamire. Blamire left in 1976, when Michael Bates fell ill shortly before filming of the third series, requiring Clarke to hastily rewrite the series with a new third man. The third member of the trio would be recast four times over the next three decades: Foggy Dewhurst in 1976,[87] Seymour Utterthwaite in 1986,[88] Foggy again in 1990,[89] and Truly Truelove in 1997.[90] After Compo died in 1999, his son, Tom Simmonite, filled the gap for the rest of that series,[42] and Billy Hardcastle joined the cast as the third lead character in 2001.[91] The trio became a quartet between 2003 and 2006 when Alvin Smedley moved in next door to Nora Batty,[72] but returned to the usual threesome in 2006 when Billy Hardcastle left the show.[92] The role of supporting character Entwistle steadily grew until the beginning of the 30th series, when he and Alvin were recruited by Hobbo Hobdyke, a former milkman with ties to MI5, to form a new trio of volunteers who respond to any emergency.[46]
The trio explored the world around them, experiencing a second childhood with no wives, jobs, or responsibilities. They passed the time by speculating about their fellow townspeople and testing inventions.[93] Regular subplots in the first decade of the show included: Sid and Ivy bickering over the management of the café,[94] Mr Wainwright and Mrs Partridge having a secret love affair that everyone knows about,[53] Wally trying to get away from Nora's watchful eye,[95] Foggy's exaggerated war stories,[96] and Compo's schemes to win the affections of Nora Batty.[97]
The number of subplots on the show grew as more cast members were added. Regular subplots since the 1980s included: Howard and Marina trying to have an affair without Howard's wife finding out (a variation of the Wainwright-Partridge subplot of the 1970s),[53] the older women meeting for tea and discussing their theories about men and life,[98] Auntie Wainwright trying to sell unwanted merchandise to unsuspecting customers,[99] Smiler trying to find a woman,[100] Barry trying to better himself (at the insistence of Glenda),[101] and Tom trying to stay one step ahead of the repo man.[102]
Main article: List of Last of the Summer Wine episodes
A collage illustrating the different compositions of the main characters during Last of the Summer Wine's 37 year run. From left to right: Series 1–2, Series 3–8 & 12–18, Series 9–11, Series 19–21, Series 21, Series 22–24, Series 25–27, Series 28–29, Series 30–31.
Last of the Summer Wine is the longest-running comedy programme in Britain, and the longest running situation comedy in the world. Each series has between six and twelve episodes; most were thirty minutes in length, with some specials running longer. There were 295 episodes and 31 series between 1973 and 2010, counting the pilot, all episodes of the series, specials, and two films.
In 1978, the BBC commissioned a Last of the Summer Wine Christmas special instead of a new series. Titled "Small Tune on a Penny Wassail", it was broadcast on 26 December 1978. Other Christmas programmes followed in 1979 and 1981. The 1981 special, "Whoops", gained 17 million viewers and was beaten only by Coronation Street for the number one spot. Christmas shows were produced infrequently thereafter and sometimes were the only new episodes in years without an order for a new series.[103] This happened often during the 1980s when Roy Clarke's commitment to Open All Hours prevented the production of a full series every year.[104] The specials often included well-known guest stars such as John Cleese[105] and June Whitfield.[74]
The first New Year special, "The Man who Nearly Knew Pavarotti", was commissioned in 1994. The hour-long show was broadcast on 1 January 1995 and featured Norman Wisdom as a piano player who had lost the confidence to play.[62] A second New Year programme was produced and broadcast in 2000 to celebrate the new millennium. It featured the second guest appearance by Keith Clifford and a guest appearance by Dora Bryan. Titled "Last Post and Pigeon", the show ran for sixty minutes and dealt with the trio's pilgrimage to visit World War II graves in France. Part of this special was shot on location in France.[106] A third New Year show, titled "I Was a Hitman for Primrose Dairies", was broadcast on 31 December 2008[32] and introduced Hobbo and the new trio he formed with Entwistle and Alvin.[46]
In 1983, Bill Owen suggested to a newly returned producer Alan J. W. Bell that Roy Clarke's novelisation of the show should be made into a feature-length special. Other British sitcoms such as Steptoe and Son and Dad's Army had previously produced films made for the cinema, but the BBC were initially sceptical as they had never before commissioned a film based on a comedy programme for original broadcast on television. They nevertheless commissioned a ninety-minute film named Getting Sam Home, which was broadcast on 27 December 1983, and started a trend which would continue with other British sitcoms, including Only Fools and Horses.[13]
Following the success of Getting Sam Home, a second film was made during 1985, and broadcast on 1 January 1986. Titled Uncle of the Bride, the film featured the introduction of Michael Aldridge as Seymour Utterthwaite, the new third man of the trio. The plot centred on the marriage of Seymour's niece, Glenda (Sarah Thomas), to Barry (Mike Grady). Also making her first appearance in the film was Thora Hird as Seymour's sister and Glenda's mother, Edie, as well as re-introducing Gordon Wharmby as Edie's husband Wesley, previously seen in three popular one-off appearances. The second film proved a success and all four new characters were carried over to the show beginning with the ninth series in 1986.[107]
A documentary film was commissioned to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Last of the Summer Wine. Produced and directed by Alan J. W. Bell, it featured interviews with the majority of cast and crew members, outtakes from the show, and a behind-the-scenes look at production. Segments with Duncan Wood and Barry Took explained the origins of the show and how it came to be filmed in Holmfirth. The documentary was broadcast on 30 March 1997.[16]
An updated version of the documentary was commissioned for the 30th anniversary of the series. Broadcast on 13 April 2003, this version featured an expanded interview with Brian Wilde and new interviews with Brian Murphy and Burt Kwouk.[6]
Main article: List of Last of the Summer Wine home video releases
In September 2002, Universal Playback (licensed by the BBC) began releasing boxed sets of episodes on DVD for region two. Each set contains two consecutive full series of episodes. The entire series is now available on home video, both in box sets with two series of episodes each, and in a complete collection which features every episode of Last of the Summer Wine plus the pilot, all films, and specials.[3][108][109] The entire series is also available for region four from ABC. Like the region two releases, each box set contains two series.[110]
Three "best of" collections as well as sets devoted to individual series have been released for region one. The first, simply titled Last of the Summer Wine,[111] was released in 2003 and includes early episodes from the 1970s and 1980s. The second collection, titled Last of the Summer Wine: Vintage 1995, followed in 2004 and includes episodes from series seventeen and the 30th anniversary documentary.[112] A 2008 release named Last of the Summer Wine: Vintage 1976 focuses on the third series of the show and includes bonus interviews with Peter Sallis, Brian Wilde, and Frank Thornton.[113] Subsequently, every episode from the third to the twenty-seventh series has been released on DVD in Vintage collections, many including special features and interviews.[114]
Main article: First of the Summer Wine
A spin-off prequel show, First of the Summer Wine, premiered on BBC1 in 1988. The new programme was written by Roy Clarke and used different actors to follow the activities of the principal characters from Last of the Summer Wine in the months leading up to World War II. Unlike its mother show, First of the Summer Wine was not filmed in Holmfirth. Period music was used instead of Ronnie Hazlehurst's score to create a more World War II era atmosphere.[115] New supporting characters were added to those from Last of the Summer Wine. Peter Sallis and Jonathan Linsley were the only actors from the original series to appear in the spin-off: Sallis played the father of his own character from the original show and Linsley appeared during the second series as a different character.[12]
The spin-off show could not build on its early success[115] and was cancelled after two series of thirteen episodes in 1989.[116] Although the BBC has never rerun the show, it has been broadcast on Gold[115] and internationally.[117]
Cooper and Walsh
In 2014, it was announced that long-time supporting actors Ken Kitson and Louis Emerick had returned to Holmfirth to reprise their roles as Police Constables Cooper and Walsh in the pilot for a new proposed spin-off, Cooper and Walsh. Alan J.W. Bell as well as crew from Last of the Summer Wine were involved in the creation of two short films while Kitson and Emerick appealed for funding through crowd-sourcing sites in the hopes of gaining enough support to produce a feature film featuring the duo or even a television series. Associate Producer Terry Bartlam believed there was enough of a scope with Cooper and Walsh that they could carry their own series and that this spin-off could be the answer to those who believed Last of the Summer Wine should have been given a proper ending.[118]
A live production of Last of the Summer Wine, known informally as the "summer season", was produced in Bournemouth in 1984. While Bill Owen and Peter Sallis reprised their roles as Compo and Clegg, Brian Wilde chose not to take part because of personal differences with Owen.[14] The show focused on the men's interaction with Clegg's new neighbour, Howard (Kenneth Waller), and his wife, Pearl, played by a local actress. The first act built up to the appearance of Marina (Jean Fergusson), who was in correspondence with Howard. At the end of the first act, Marina was revealed to be a blonde sexpot.[119] Howard and Marina's story line was partly based on an early subplot of the television show. In the first series, the librarian, Mr. Wainwright, was having a love affair with his married assistant, Mrs. Partridge. Despite their efforts to keep the plot a secret, especially from Mrs. Partridge's husband, the trio of old men were well aware of the affair.[53] The summer season reversed the roles: Howard became the married partner, and the challenge was to keep the affair secret from his wife.[14]
The summer season proved to be a success and frequently played to packed houses. In 1985, the show was once again produced, first as a two-week tour of Britain, and then as another summer season in Bournemouth. Fergusson returned for the second summer season, once again playing Marina. Robert Fyfe replaced Waller in the role of Howard, and Juliette Kaplan took the role of Pearl for this season. Although the new characters were not originally intended to be carried over to the television programme, Roy Clarke included them in four of the following six episodes of the 1985 series, beginning with the episode "Catching Digby's Donkey". All three characters remained until the end of the sitcom.[119]
An amended version of the show toured across Britain in 1987. Sallis was reluctant to appear in the new production, and his role in the show was rewritten and played by Derek Fowlds. Because Owen was the only member of the television show's trio to appear in the production, it was retitled Compo Plays Cupid. Once again, the summer season was a success.[120]
A new stage adaptation of the show debuted in 2003. Based on Clarke's novel The Moonbather, the play was first performed by the Scunthorpe Little Theatre Club from 7 to 11 October 2003.[121] Using new actors to perform the roles of Compo, Clegg, and Foggy, the play featured the trio as they attempted to get to the bottom of the disturbance created by a near-naked man in the town. The play was later performed in Eastbourne by Eastbourne Theatres from 15 July 2009 to 8 August 2009 before touring the country through November 2009.[122]
In 2010, it was announced that long-time supporting cast members Ken Kitson and Louis Emerick would spin their characters off into their own stage adaptation, titled An Arresting Night. Kitson and Emerick, who appeared together on Last of the Summer Wine as Police Constables Cooper and Walsh from 2003 to 2010, reprised their roles in an improvised stage play. While some elements of the series will be used, the majority of the play was improvised, with Kitson and Emerick each deriving their cues of what to do from the audience. The play was successfully performed in Holmfirth, after which dates were announced in Emerick's hometown on the Wirral Peninsula.[123]
Coronet Books released a novelisation of Last of the Summer Wine in 1974. Written by Roy Clarke as an unbroadcast original story, the novel featured Compo, Clegg and Blamire helping their friend, Sam, enjoy one last night with a glam girl. The book became the basis for the Last of the Summer Wine film, Getting Sam Home, with Blamire being replaced by Foggy.[13] In the late 1980s, Roy Clarke wrote novels featuring Compo, Clegg and Seymour. The books were published by Penguin Books under the series heading Summer Wine Chronicles, and included such titles as Gala Week[124] and The Moonbather.[125] Clarke later adapted The Moonbather into a stage play.[121]
In the early 1980s, a daily comic strip based on the show was drawn by Roger Mahoney and appeared in the Daily Star.[126] A compilation of these strips, published by Express Books, was released in 1983.[127]
In 1993, the Summer Wine Appreciation Society asked their members for their favourite musical themes from Last of the Summer Wine. Ronnie Hazlehurst used the resulting list for an independently released CD collection titled Last of the Summer Wine: Music from the TV Show.[128] BBC Radio released audio-only versions of episodes starting in 1995. Peter Sallis provided narration to compensate for the loss of the televised visual elements. All twelve audio episodes were released in CD format.[129]
In 1976, a selection of early scripts from the series was published as Last of the Summer Wine Scripts.[130] A companion guide to the show, Last of the Summer Wine: The Finest Vintage, was released in 2000. The book was written by Morris Bright and Robert Ross and chronicled the show from its inception through the end of the 2000 series. Included were interviews with cast and crew, a character guide, and an episode guide.[131] Both the companion guide and its updated 30th anniversary version are now out of print.[132] A release by journalist Andrew Vine titled Last of the Summer Wine: The Inside Story of the World's Longest-running Comedy Programme covered the entire series, including the story of the final words of the series. It was released on 16 August 2010.[133] On 5 November 2012, a new book titled Last Of the Summer Wine - From The Directors Chair was released and was written by producer and director Alan J.W. Bell.[134]
"I've reached the stage now where I don't want it to end. I'm hoping that as one by one we drop dead that, provided Roy is still alive, it will just keep going."
Peter Sallis on the longevity of Last of the Summer Wine[42]
During its first series, Last of the Summer Wine did not receive a high ratings share. The second series proved to be a success, however, and two episodes made it to the top ten programmes of the week.[17] The programme has since consistently been a favourite in the ratings, peaking at 18.8 million viewers for an episode shown on 10 February 1985.[135] The premiere of the 28th series in 2007 brought in an 18.6 percent share of viewers in the 6:20 time slot with an average of 3.2 million viewers. Last of the Summer Wine's audience grew from 2.7 million to 3.4 million over the 30 minutes. The show was beaten for the night only by Channel 4's Big Brother with 3.6 million viewers at 9:00 p.m., although the reality show had a smaller share of viewers for its time slot.[8] The 29th series finale, which was broadcast on 31 August 2008, was watched by 4.2 million people, giving the network a 22.5% share for the night. [136] The 31st series continued to bring in over four million viewers, with the series opener pulling in 4.77 million viewers for an overall 21.6% share of the ratings for the night.[137]
Several members of the royal family were viewers of Last of the Summer Wine. While presenting an OBE to Roy Clarke in 2002, Prince Charles said that his grandmother, the Queen Mother, had introduced him to the show.[138] The Queen told Dame Thora Hird during a 2001 meeting that Last of the Summer Wine was her favourite television programme.[10]
A 2003 survey by Radio Times found that Last of the Summer Wine was the programme readers most wanted to see cancelled. With nearly 12,000 votes in the survey, the show received one-third of the total vote, and twice as many votes as the runner up in the poll, Heartbeat. Alan J. W. Bell responded that Radio Times has always been anti-Last of the Summer Wine, and Roy Clarke remarked that people who dislike the show "shouldn't switch it on" if they are "too idle to turn it off".[7] A 2008 survey by County Life magazine, which named the show the worst thing about Yorkshire, was disputed by members of the Holme Valley Business Association, who said the show was good for business.[139] The BBC wanted to cancel Last of the Summer Wine for years in favour of a new programme aimed at a younger audience, but the show remained too popular for cancellation; even repeats received ratings of as much as five million viewers per episode.[31] The show came 14th in a high-profile 2004 BBC poll to find Britain's Best Sitcom,[9][140] and was praised for portraying older people in a non-stereotypical, positive, and active manner. It was also praised for its clever and at times philosophical writing, and for being a family-friendly show.[9]
Last of the Summer Wine was nominated numerous times for two British television industry awards. The show was proposed five times between 1973 and 1985 for the British Academy Film Awards, twice for the Best Situation Comedy Series award (in 1973 and 1979) and three times for the Best Comedy Series award (in 1982, 1983, and 1985).[141] The show was also considered for the National Television Awards four times since 1999 (in 1999,[11] 2000,[142] 2003,[143] and 2004[144]), each time in the Most Popular Comedy Programme category. In 1999 the show won the National Television Award for Most Popular Comedy Programme.[11]
List of longest-running TV shows by category
Yorkshire dialect
^ a b "BBC calls time on Last Of The Summer Wine". The Independent. 2 June 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
^ a b "Last of the Summer Wine, Series 31, How Not to Cry at Weddings". BBC One Programmes. BBC. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
^ a b "Last of the Summer Wine: The Complete Collection DVD". Amazon UK. Amazon UK. 4 December 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
^ "The Summer Wine Story". Summer Wine Online. Summer Wine Appreciation Society. Archived from the original on 1 May 2008. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
^ Mangan, Lucy (6 November 2007). "Cable girl: why has the Summer Wine lasted?". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 4 December 2007.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Producer and director: Alan J. W. Bell (13 April 2003). 30 Years of Last of the Summer Wine. BBC One.
^ a b Reed, Ed (23 September 2003). "Axe Summer Wine says shock magazine survey". Huddersfield Daily Examiner. Retrieved 4 December 2007.
^ a b Oatts, Joanne (17 July 2007). "3.2 million enjoy 'Summer Wine'". Digital Spy. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ a b c d "Series Profile: Last of the Summer Wine". The Insider. BBC Sales. May 2007. pp. 8–9. Archived from the original (DOC) on 11 January 2008. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
^ a b Parkin, Jenny (15 December 2001). "A Summer Wine fit for the Queen". The Huddersfield Daily Examiner. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
^ a b c "Thaw's double TV victory". BBC News. 27 October 1999. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
^ a b Bright and Ross (2000), p. 160
^ a b c d e f Bright and Ross (2000) p. 24
^ a b c Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 24–25
^ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 16
^ a b c d Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 16–17
^ a b Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 17–19
^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 13–14
^ "The Summer Wine Story: Why was it filmed in Holmfirth?". Summer Wine Online. Summer Wine Appreciation Society. Archived from the original on 1 May 2008. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
^ Vine (2011), pp. 17-19
^ Atkinson, Neil (16 August 2005). "Is it the Last of Summer Wine?". The Huddersfield Daily Examiner. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ "Last of the Summer Wine – The Great Boarding-House Caper". British Board of Film Classification Database. British Board of Film Classification. Archived from the original on 19 September 2009. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
^ "Last of the Summer Wine – Cheering Up Gordon". British Board of Film Classification Database. British Board of Film Classification. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
^ Atkinson, Neil (24 December 2008). "Last of Summer Wine boss quits in axe row". The Huddersfield Daily Examiner. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ a b "BBC – Press Office – Last Of The Summer Wine recommissioned for BBC One". Retrieved 26 June 2009.
^ "Summer Wine Music and Lyrics". Summer Wine Online. Summer Wine Appreciation Society. Archived from the original on 30 April 2008. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
^ "Theme tune writer Hazlehurst dies". BBC News. 2 October 2007. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
^ "Harry Pitch". National Harmonica League. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
^ a b Pogson, Tony (11 March 2005). "Summer Wine still gladdens the heart". The Huddersfield Daily Examiner. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ a b Knapton, Sarah (10 December 2008). "Last of The Summer Wine to be cancelled after 35 years, producer claims". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 22 December 2008.
^ "Summer Wine actor bemoans farewell – BBC News". BBC. 14 July 2010. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
^ Examiner, Huddersfield (24 July 2010). "Last of the Summer Wine Creator Roy Clarke says he knew this season would be the last". Examiner.co.uk. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
^ "BBC – Celebrating Last of the Summer Wine's record run". BBC. 16 August 2010. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
^ Vine (2011), p. 27
^ a b c Bright and Ross (2000), p. 36
^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 139–140
^ a b Vine (2011), p. 259
^ Sherwin, Adam (10 May 2008). "Last of the Summer Wine antics 'dangerous' for elderly actors". The Times. London. Retrieved 30 May 2008.
^ a b c d Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (31 December 2008). "I Was A Hitman for Primrose Dairies". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 30. BBC One. New Years Special.
^ a b Vine (2011), pp. 275-277
^ Vine (2011), pp. 263-265
^ Vine (2011), p. 271
^ Bright and Ross (2000) p. 94
^ a b c d Bright and Ross (2000), p. 102
^ Vine (2011) p. 36
^ Tillotson, Margaret. "Interview with Peter Sallis 1994". Summer Wine Online. Summer Wine Appreciation Society. Archived from the original on 22 March 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 99–101
^ a b Bright and Ross (2000), p. 30
^ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 145
^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (11 January 1982). "Car and Garter". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 6. Episode 2. BBC One.
^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (1 January 1986). "Uncle of the Bride". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 8. BBC One. New Year Special.
^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J W Bell (director) (24 December 1988). "Crums". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 10. BBC One. Christmas Special.
^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (23 December 1989). "What's Santa Brought for Nora Then?". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 11. BBC One. Christmas Special.
^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (6 November 1988). "That Certain Smile". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 10. Episode 4. BBC One.
^ a b Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (2 January 2000). "Last Post and Pigeon". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 20. BBC One. Millennium Special
^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (25 April 1999). "How Errol Flynn Discovered the Secret Scar of Nora Batty". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 20. Episode 2. BBC One.
^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (4 June 2000). "I Didn't Know Barry Could Play". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 21. Episode 10. BBC One.
^ a b Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (5 January 2003). "The Lair of the Cat Creature". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 24. Episode 1. BBC One.
^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (2 February 2003). "In Which Gavin Hinchcliffe Loses the Gulf Stream". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 24. Episode 6. BBC One.
^ a b Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (30 December 2001). "Potts in Pole Position". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 22. BBC One. Christmas Special.
^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (31 August 2008). "Get Out of That, Then". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 29. Episode 11. BBC One.
^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (6 December 1992). "Who's Got Rhythm?". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 14. Episode 7. BBC One.
^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (27 December 1993). "Welcome to Earth". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 15. BBC One. Christmas Special.
^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (1 October 1995). "Captain Clutterbuck's Treasure". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 17. Episode 4. BBC One.
^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (1 January 1995). "The Man Who Nearly Knew Pavarotti". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 16. BBC One. New Year's Special.
^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (15 July 2007). "The Second Stag Night of Doggy Wilkinson". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 28. Episode 1. BBC One.
^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (30 April 2000). "Surprise at Throstlenest". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 21. Episode 5. BBC One.
^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (7 May 2000). "Just a Small Funeral". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 21. Episode 6. BBC One.
^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (20 June 1999). "The Phantom Number 14 Bus". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 20. Episode 9. BBC One.
^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Ray Butt (director) (10 November 1976). "The Great Boarding-House Bathroom Caper". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 3. Episode 3. BBC One.
^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Ray Butt (director) (17 November 1976). "Cheering Up Gordon". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 3. Episode 4. BBC One.
^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Sydney Lotterby (director) (1 December 1976). "Going to Gordon's Wedding". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 3. Episode 6. BBC One.
^ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 31–32
^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (1 April 2001). "Getting Barry's Goat". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 22. Episode 1. BBC One.
^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (28 December 2006). "A Tale of Two Sweaters". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 27. BBC One. Christmas special.
^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp 76–77
^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (9 February 2003). "The Miraculous Curing of Old Goff Helliwell". Last of the Summer Wine. Series 24. Episode 7. BBC One.
^ "Last of the Summer Wine 31 & 32 [DVD]". Amazon.co.uk. 16 August 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
^ Toy, June. "Summer Wine DVD – Fan's Review". Summer Wine Online. Summer Wine Appreciation Society. Archived from the original on 17 June 2012. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
^ ""Last of the Summer Wine: Series 31 - 32"". Amazon.com.au. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
^ "Last of the Summer Wine on DVD". TVShowsOnDVD.com. TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on 15 April 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2008.
^ Lambert, David (12 February 2004). "Summer Wine on DVD this summer". TVShowsOnDVD.com. TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on 19 June 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2008.
^ Lambert, David (10 February 2008). "Ah, That 1976 Vintage of the BBC Program Comes to DVD Next Month!". TVShowsOnDVD.com. TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on 30 May 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2008.
^ "Last of the Summer Wine: Vintage 2007". 6 June 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
^ a b c "First of the Summer Wine – Special Article". Summer Wine Online. Summer Wine Appreciation Society. Archived from the original on 13 February 2012. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
^ "First of the Summer Wine – Uncovered!". Summer Wine Online. Summer Wine Appreciation Society. Archived from the original on 13 February 2012. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
^ "Last of the Summer Wine return: Could a revival of the hit comedy series be on the cards?". The Mirror. 15 October 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
^ a b "Moonbather 2003". Scunthorpe Little Theatre Club. Archived from the original on 27 May 2008. Retrieved 24 May 2008.
^ "Last of the Summer Wine – The Moonbather". Eastbourne Theatres. Archived from the original on 30 July 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
^ Hughes, Lorna (14 April 2010). "Wallasey actor Louis Emerick reprises Last of the Summer Wine role for improvised show at Gladstone Theatre". Wirral News. Trinity Mirror North West & North Wales Limited. Archived from the original on 5 May 2013. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
^ Clarke, Roy (9 October 1986). Gala Week. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-010105-5.
^ Clarke, Roy (29 October 1987). The Moonbather. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-010997-8.
^ "Roger Mahoney". The British Cartoon Archive. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
^ Clarke, Roy; Roger Mahoney (December 1983). Last of the Summer Wine. Express Books. ISBN 0-85079-136-7.
^ Eardley, Clive. "Last of the Summer Wine: Review". Summer Wine Appreciation Society. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
^ Sallis, Peter (2 October 2000). Last of the Summer Wine (BBC Radio Collection). BBC Audiobooks. ISBN 978-0-563-47714-3.
^ Clarke, Roy (July 1976). Last of the Summer Wine Scripts. British Broadcasting Corporation. ISBN 0-563-17090-5.
^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 5–6
^ Bright, Morris; Robert Ross (25 October 2001). 30 Years of "Last of the Summer Wine". BBC Books. ISBN 978-0-563-53445-7.
^ Jeffries, Mark (12 August 2010). "Last of the Summer Wine: We reveal axed show's final words". The Daily Mirror. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
^ Bell, Alan J. W. (28 February 2014). Last of the Summer Wine - From the Director's Chair. Tomahawk Press. ISBN 978-0956683427.
^ "Highest Rated Programmes 1985". BARB. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
^ Wilkes, Neil (17 July 2007). "Sky1 revamp pulls in 1 million". Digital Spy. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ Millar, Paul (26 July 2010). "'Sherlock' premieres to 7.5m". Digital Spy. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ Atkinson, Neil (28 February 2002). "I'm a Wine fan, says Prince". The Huddersfield Daily Examiner. Archived from the original on 20 July 2008. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
^ Camping, Katie (5 September 2008). "Survey says Summer Wine worst thing about Yorkshire". The Huddersfield Daily Examiner. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ "Britain's Best Sitcom–Top 11–100". BBC. Archived from the original on 14 January 2006. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
^ "Awards Database – Last of the Summer Wine". British Academy of Film and Television Awards. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
^ "National Television Awards: The winners". BBC News. 10 October 2000. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
^ "And the winners are ..." The Northern Echo. 25 October 2003. Archived from the original on 1 October 2012. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
^ "Stars battle it out for TV awards". BBC News. 16 October 2004. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
Bright, Morris; Ross, Robert (6 April 2000). Last of the Summer Wine: The Finest Vintage. London: BBC Worldwide. ISBN 0-563-55151-8.
Vine, Andrew (17 August 2011). Last of the Summer Wine: The Story of the World's Longest-Running Comedy Series. London: Aurum Press. ISBN 1-845-13711-6.
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"A hero is an ordinary individual who finds the strength to persevere and endure in spite of overwhelming obstacles." …Christopher Reeves (1952-2004) Actor, director, and producer.
The Front doors of Florence Italy simply caught the attention of the woodworker and carpenter in me. Fortunately, my camera captured these images to share with you.
Front doors can say a lot about a residence and the resident as well. The first photograph reveals a section of a massive front door that could quite possibly date back to the 14th or 15th century. What catches your eye in this image? Is it the number of metal studs that creates a unique design on the stiles, rails, and panels? Could it be the the mitered mortise and tenon joints where the rails meets the stiles? There is a lot for a woodworker to discover in this photo. Notice how the left stile varies from the right side stile. There a vertical line on the left stile underneath the latch meaning a wood strip was added to the exterior door at some point in time.
When looking at the right side rail, notice how it is made with two pieces of wood to give the rail its full width. The lower strip of the rail is cut at a width to coincide with the long point of the mitered joint. We can readily see that the left wood door rail is made from one piece of timber.
The Front doors have wrought iron hardware. Look how the door bolt fits thru five metal rings to secure the entry doors. The door bolt handle is flat so that the bolt can be turned and slid thru the rings. Here we can see how a carpenter used chisels or gouges on the door stiles and mouldings to allow clearance for the door bolt to pass thru the metal rings. There is also a wrought iron door pull to open this massive door. If we look closely it appears that there is a star shaped metal escutcheon between the door pull and the doors panel. Plus, we can also see where the keyhole is along with another smaller hole. Just imagine what the hardware would be on the interior side of the front doors.
The moulding of the front doors was obviously crafted by hand and has mitered joints at the corners. Can you imagine creating a door like this back in the 14th or 15th century. Imagine the tools that woodworkers and carpenters were using. What type of measuring devices did they use? (I don't think they had tape measures back then.) What type of saws were used back then to cut these timbers? What type of hand planes and moulding planes were used? What type of drill was used to create all the holes for the metal studs? Needless to say, the men who built these front doors way back when were great mechanics and highly talented craftsmen. I would have loved to see them hanging and fitting these front doors as the doors are still functional after all these years.
The front doors of Florence Italy in this photo appear much newer than the previous image. However, we can see similarities in the usage of the metal studs which pierce and decorate the doors. There are many panels in this door which also adds to the overall design. Take a look at the location of the key entry. This is about 32-36 inches above the ground and this clue will give us an idea of the overall height and width of the front doors. Also, we can see the four heavy duty hinges on each side of the doors. Needless to say, these hinges are supporting a lot of weight when we take into consideration the amount of wood and the number of metal studs being held.
There is something incredibly unique about these front doors pictured. Can you see it? These are actually bi-fold doors. There are four vertical sections. There are hinges on the backside of the doors that allow for the doors to fold. If we look at the bottoms of the doors, we will notice four individual pieces of wood that allow for the folding of the the four vertical sections of the doors. Again, this is another wonderful example of fine woodworking skills and advanced carpentry craftsmanship.
Feel free to share your thoughts, insights, and questions.
Anthony Robbins…(1960- ) American self help author and success coach.
Band Saw woodworking safety is often overlooked. In this article we will focus on two simple band saw woodworking safety tips for the band saw that can make a big difference for us in the long run. However, do not underestimate the importance of these safety tips. Many accidents on the band saw could easily be prevented if the following safety tips were followed.
Push sticks come in all shapes and sizes. They can easily be purchased online or they can be made out of scrap material in the woodworking shop. It's always good to have a variety of push sticks available for different situations. Push sticks provide the woodworker with a greater margin of control over the workpiece as well as keeping one's fingers and hands away from the band saw blade .
In the photos we can see a simple push stick that is made from scrap plywood. This push stick can easily be made on the band saw in just a few minutes. Yet, it can serve the woodworker for a long time. Notice how this push stick lays horizontally on the band saw table. There is a notch in the push stick that can push the material thru the band saw blade. However, the push stick has plenty of width where one's hand can confidently control the cutting action of the workpiece. The material needs to be pressed alongside the clamped fence while being propelled forward. Obviously, it would be too risky to attempt this type of a cut without the aid of a push stick.
Roller Bearing Guides…adjust them properly.
What is a good distance between the roller bearing guide assembly and the workpiece? As we can see in the above photos there is a space of about 1/2″. This way the work can easily be seen and there is a minimum of band saw blade exposed. The answer to the question may vary according to the thickness or height of the material being cut. For example, if a thin veneer is being ripped, it would be a good idea to have the guide assembly even closer to the material. The important thing to remember is to use good common sense. Make these band saw woodworking safety tips a habit. Working safely allows for working with confidence. It's a good practice.


Prepping your pet for the vet | Feather Sound News & Beyond! Prepping your pet for the vet – Feather Sound News & Beyond!
Regular veterinary visits and annual exams are an important part of your pet's health, including maintaining a healthy weight, preventing disease and keeping teeth and gums healthy. But some pets have fear and anxiety about visiting the vet.
The veterinary office can seem like a scary place to pets because it's full of new and unfamiliar sights, smells, people and actions. Instead of avoiding the vet because of the stress it causes your pet, use these steps to prepare and help them overcome their fears and anxieties.
Practice handling your pet. During visits, your vet may touch your pet's ears, mouth and body in ways that you don't typically handle your pet. Once a week, practice holding and handling your dog like the vet would. Practice leaning over your pet, keeping him still while you check his ears, mouth and body, and reward him with treats. This practice will help your pet become comfortable with the actions that will often happen during checkups, and help you notice any changes, like new lumps, in your pet.
Schedule "happy visits." Some pets feel stressed at the vet because they're not used to the place, scents and people. Most veterinarian offices will allow you to call ahead and schedule "happy visits" to get your pet accustomed to visiting the office. During the visit, get your pet weighed, briefly visit the inside of an exam room and walk around the office to see and smell it. Reward your pet with treats as he goes through the motions of a successful vet visit.
Make your pet as comfortable as possible. For some pets, being around other animals in the waiting area can be stressful, so consider ways to make your pet feel safe and secure. Ask your vet if you can wait outside or in the car until an exam room is available. For smaller dogs, you may want to hold him in your lap, which can be a safe place.
Keep your cat in its carrier. Cats like small spaces, so keeping them in the carrier while waiting and in the exam room can help your cat feel safe. Help your cat become comfortable with the carrier by leaving it out and occasionally feeding her in it, which will help your cat relax more when in it. At the vet's office, leave your cat in the carrier and remove the top of the carrier to give your vet access to the cat for its examination. Or restrain your cat with a towel or blanket in a "cat burrito" to help them feel calm.
Invest in training. Teaching your dog basic obedience will also help visits run smoothly. Understanding basic commands such as sit, stay and stand will allow your dog to have more freedom and power during the appointment. New Dawn Animal Behavior Center offers basic manner classes for all dog types where they learn foundational commands in a rewards-based environment.
Reward with treats. Just like regular training, rewarding your pet with treats will help them associate going to the vet as a positive experience. Reward your pet with high-value treats like cheese during every step of the visit. Eventually, your pet will associate the vet as a positive experience – and maybe even want to go back.
Preparing your pet for what they should expect during a veterinary visit and creating a safe and fun environment during the visit should help alleviate the stress associated with the vet.
Gilliam Daniels, CPDT-KA, is the training manager at Clearwater-based New Dawn Animal Behavior, which uses positive, rewards-based training. Daniels' goal is to encourage dog owners to consider their dog's emotional needs and learn how to read their body language. For more information, visit NewDawnABC.com.


text:
Q: Python project organization Yesterday I started an important Python project and since then I've been searching for documentation on how to organize the code to have a "high-quality" project. There is a lot of articles and official documentation about how to organize packages and modules but, as I'm very new to this language, I think that is not my case.
The project is a client-server platform to distribute files in a local network (ok, is a lot more than this but its the basic idea). The thing is that is not going to be a module and I think that is not a package. At least not as described in the Python documentation:

Packages are a way of structuring Python's module namespace by using
  "dotted module names"

I searched too in Git to see what popular project do to organize its code but most of them are modules and the rest... I don't even know how to run them.
So the question is, what is my code (module, package, ...) and which is the best way to organize it? Do you know any good article about this?
Thank you.

A: Yes, your project will be a package.
A module is a collection of related code. Most non-trivial projects will be a collection of modules in a package (potentially with sub-packages).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


What's the license key for and where can I find it?
Your license key is given to you in your purchase receipt, which you receive via email after a completed purchase.
Automatic Updates. You can activate your license key in the plugin/theme settings on your WordPress site. Doing this gives you access to automatic updates within WordPress. That means when the plugin/theme is updated, you'll receive a notification about the update automatically and you can download it from inside WordPress.
Support. In order to have access to the support centre, you need a valid license key. Your license key will be checked and verified before any help is given. This is to ensure a valid purchase.


Though its a MTO,They procure the raw material in advance based on sales forcast.for example 3 month of average dispaches.
Right now I dont have access to SAP. Moreover, honestly speaking, I have also not used this TCode. Will check and update by next week.


Iberia is probably the greatest masterpiece by Isaac Albniz. There are surprisingly few recordings of the complete Iberia. Paul Verona has devoted years of study to Iberia, and his performances show his abiding commitment for the work.


text:
Europe, Germany · 18/03/2018
40 Castles in Germany That Will Make You Feel Like a Royal
One thing that most tourists to Germany want to see is Schloss Neuschwanstein. While it is pretty, has another castle right next to it as well as stunning scenery, it isn't the only castle worth a visit. I have travelled quite a lot in my country and want to show you some castles I have come across along the way. These are far from all, there are loads to see if you take your time with a German roadrip.
**** This post contains affiliate links. If you book anything from them, this doesn't cost you anything but might give me a little commission to help keep this free blog full of more travel tips and me fuelled with chocolate to keep writing. ****
Germany is known for its well preserved heritage when it comes to architecture. From old cathedrals to cobblestone market places, many towns have preserved their medieval core but the most striking buildings to be found are still castles. And of those, Germany has quite a lot to offer. Castles in Germany are classified into two basic types, the 'pretty' castles mainly built for residence purposes, called Schlösser, and there are castles purely built for defense, referred to as "Burg".
1. Wartburg
History was literally written here. It was here that Luther translated the bible despite the devil himself apparently trying to deter the revolutionary monk from it and throwing his ink bottle at the wall. The stain can still be slightly made out. On top of such historic traces, the castle is still very well preserved and its interior takes you back into the middle ages.
Where to find it: Auf der Wartburg 1, 99817 Eisenach, Deutschland
Where to stay: Hotel Kaiserhof Eisenach
2. Sanssouci
If you are looking for a dream castle in full extravagant rococo style with huge parks and beautiful statues, look no further than Sanssouci in Potsdam, near Berlin. The former residency of the 'potato king' boasts great style and taste and invites for a day outing. It does not only include elegant garden houses and neat parks but also a fake ruin.
Where to find it: Schloss Bellevedere, Prinz Eugen-Straße 27, 1030 Wien, Österreich
Where to stay: Dorint Sanssouci Berlin/Potsdam
3. Schweriner Schloss
A fairy tale castle with golden roof tops, enchanted garden lake coves, huge park areas and canal systems, the castle of the state capital Schwerin has a lot of sheer beauty to offer. It snugly lies in the middle of a freshwater lake and can be discovered through park walks, guided tours within and over the rooftops as well as from a boat cruise.
Where to find it: Schweriner Schloss, Lennéstraße 1, 19053 Schwerin
Where to stay: Hotel am Schloß
4. Dornburger Schlösser
Another well preserved castle from the rococo baroque era, it can be spotted from afar thanks to its brilliant pastel colours, golden decoration and hundreds of roses surrounding it. In fact, every year a Rose Queen is crowned and represents the small town. Even without the proper timing to meet her during the crowning ceremony, a visit to the castles is well worth it. The gardens are perfectly trimmed and the view down wine slopes and over lush fields and forests is great no matter the season.
Where to find it: Dornburger Schlösser, Max-Krehan-Straße 3, 07778, Deutschland
Where to stay: 3 Seiten Ferienwohnung
5. Schloss Neuschwanstein
The ultimate castle for all visitors to Germany, is the fairy tale castle on which Disney based his famous Cinderella castle. Only a little drive from Munich, it can be easily reached by car and after a short walk through the woods. Visitors should be prepared to buy tickets in advance and wait until their numbers are called. The guided tour throughout the rooms is rather short as the castle was never completed after the mysterious death of the king. The rooms shown, however, reflect his eccentricity and romantic approach to interior design at the time.
Where to find it: Schloss Neuschwanstein, Neuschwansteinstraße 20, 87645 Schwangau
Where to stay: Villa Ludwig Suite Hotel
6. Jagdschloss Granitz
Also lesser known but with its burnt rose colour, hard to overlook. The castle was used for hunting purposes in the woods on the island of Rügen, which shows in the furniture made from antlers and many stag skulls decorating the tapestry. The highlight of the castle is the iron wrought wound staircase that leads into the tower. It is rather shaky, you can see through the gaps and has no railing.
Where to find it: Jagdschloss Granitz, 18609 Binz
Where to stay: Reethäuser auf Rügen
7. Ludwigsburger Schloss
Errected in the 18th century, the castle in the town of Ludwigsburg served the purpose of a Duke's residence and is one of the biggest baroque castles in all of Germany. It is surrounded by gardens and parks from three angles, which host annual festivals, such as pumpkin exhibitions. What is visible nowadays is a mix between modern and baroque gardening and known as the 'blooming baroque' due to its many flower arrangements. In fact, the whole castle reflects different architectural styles across time as well, for instance classicism.
Where to find it: Ludwigsburger Schloss, Schlossstraße 30, 71634 Ludwigsburg
Where to stay: NH Ludwigsburg
8. Augustusburg
Castle Augustusburg was built for hunting purposes as well in the 16th century on top of a castle ruin. It as well as the town it is located in were named after Prince Elector August and meant to show his new riches after a successful victory. A sleek but big castle, you wouldn't expect Augutusburg Castle to be the exhibition ground for one of the best motorcycle collections in Europe, historic coaches as well as one of the most valuable Cranach, a famous German painter of the Renaissance, paintings in Saxony.
Where to find it: Schloss Augustusburg, Schloss 1 09573 Augustusburg
Where to stay: Ferienhotel Augustusburg
9+10. Saaleck and Rudelsburg
Near the city of Naumburg you can see these two castles on overlooking the river Saale and facing each other. The ruins can still be visited today and are part of Germany's Romantic Road, which connects important castles, cloisters, cathedrals and churches throughout the country. The first church was destroyed in the 30 Year War and the other fell into disrepair over time. Nowadays, they are protected and a popular regional attraction for outings.
Where to find it: Saaleckstraße, 97762 Hammelburg; Burg Rudelsburg, 06628 Bad Kösen
Where to stay: Flair Hotel Villa Ilske
11-13. Kronach Fortress
You can spot Kronach fortress from the train station already (which is how I even became aware of it) and if you are lucky, you can attend one of a medieval festival. Then, people from all over Europe join together to recreate the Middle Ages in look and feel. You can see sword fights, iron making over hot fire, live meat roastings and people dressed up in authentic garments. The castle is a High Castle, sitting above the town, surrounded by sturdy baroque structures. It is one of the biggest fortresses in Germany.
Where to find it: Festung Rosenberg Kronach, Festung 1, 96317 Kronach, Germany
Where to stay: Die Kronacher Stadthotels
14. Eltz Castle
In the West of Germany, situated atop. It looks like a true fairy tale castle and its owners have been living there since the 12th century. Its oldest parts date back to the 9th century. Here's a fun fact: the castle was printed on a money note, 500 Deutsche Mark, fom 1965 to 1992.
Where to find it: Burg Eltz, 56294 Wierschem, Germany
Where to stay: Hotel Ravene
15. Dresdner Zwinger
Right in the middle of Dresden, you can find a grand Baroque Palace. It was once used for lavish feasts and was open to the public to gaze at in admiration. The dozens of high windows were lined by orange trees imported from Italy. Back then, they were worth thousand of dollars! Nowadays, the palace grounds are no longer stunningly white and gold but it still looks excessively grand.
Where to find it: Dresdner Zwinger, Sophienstraße, 01067 Dresden, Germany
Where to stay: Residenz am Zwinger
16. Moritzburg Castle
One of the most popular fairy tales, always aired during Christmas times, has been shot at Moritzburg. But it's not onlypopular among fairy tale loving Germans as it is a sught to see. Like the Dresdner Zwinger, it was erected during August the Strong's reign. He loved going all out. Inside, you can find a room decked entirely in feathers!
Where to find it: Moritzburg Castle, Schloßallee, 01468 Moritzburg
Where to stay: Churfuerstliche Waldschaenke
17. Cochem Castle
Built long before, Cochem Castle became an imperial castle in 1151 thanks to King Konrad III. To bad it was pawned off over a hundred years later so king Adolf of Nassau could pay for his coronation. His successors were never able to pay it back. By the end of the 17th century, the French had set it on fire and it was rebuilt to look completely different in its Neo-Gothic architectural style afterwards.
Where to find it: Reichsburg Cochem, Schlossstraße 36, 56812 Cochem
Where to stay: Hotel am Markt
18. Schloss Ahrensburg
Don't forget to visit German castles in the North. Close to the Baltic harbour city of Lübeck, the pristine white and wonderfully baroque Castle Ahrensburg is a sight to see. In the summer you can watch open air cinema in its grounds!
Where to find it: Schloss Ahrensburg, Lübecker Str. 1, 22926 Ahrensburg
Where to stay: Ringhotel Ahrensburg
19. Löwenburg
If you were to translate Löwenburg, it would mean "lion's castle" and it's even more fun that it's nestled in the Bergpark, "mountain park". It looks quintessentially fairy tale like as it was rebuild in the 18th century architecture on an old castle ruin. On the inside, it is pure Renaissance style – not medieval. You can visit the armoury and castle chapel.
Where to find it: Löwenburg, Schloßpark 9, 34131 Kassel
Where to stay: Ferienwohnung Wilhelmshöher Allee
20. Hohenzollern Castle
You have probably heard of the Hohenzollern family? Their imperial seat is right here at Hohenzollern Castle. As it so happens with castles built for defense and war, it was attacked and destroyed in 1423 but rebuilt. And if you cannot get enough of German castles, there are two more nearby. Fun fact: you can look at an original letter from US President George Washington thanking Hohenzollern descendant Baron von Steuben for his service in the American Revolutionary War.
Where to find it: Burg Hohenzollern, 72379 Burg Hohenzollern, Germany
Where to stay: Motel One Stuttgart-Hauptbahnhof
21. Schloss Moyland
Surrounded by a moat and looking fresh in bright red, Castle Moyland is quite pretty albeit rather small. As opposed to many other German castles, it doesn't house a museum dedicated to local history but rather to art and culture. More than that, it serves as an international centre of research into 20 century artist Joseph Beuys.
Where to find it: Schloss Moyland, Am Schloß 4, 47551 Bedburg-Hau
22. Schloss Lichtenstein
Lichtenstein Castle is not the real deal. It was built on an escarpment as a tourist attraction and it worked wonders. It has consequently been labelled the "fairy tale castle of Württemberg" and it does look it.
Where to find it: Schloss Lichtenstein, Schloß Lichtenstein 1, 72805 Lichtenstein,
23. Old Castle, Baden Baden
In the tiny German state of Baden Baden, the Old Castle is a beautiful attraction. It was constructed in 1102 and sits on top a cliff overlooking the Black Forest. Entrance is free.
Where to find it: Altes Schloss, Alter Schlossweg, 1076532 Baden-Baden
24. Residenzschloss Rastatt
This is a classical example of a German castle that served as a summer residence of electoral princes Palatine Charles III Philip and Charles IV Theodore. Throughout the year, there are plenty of hosted events, such as German easter egg hunts or German Christmas celebrations. If you can, visit during the cherry blossom season.
Where to find it: Schloß Mittelbau, 68723 Schwetzingen, Germany
25. Schloss Solitude
If you want effortlessly elegant German castles, put Solitude Castle on your must see list. It is rather small but beautifuly white and surrounded by a long row of buildings originally meant for the castle personell. After all, the upkeet of such an estate, the grounds and the lavish feasts in the white hall required a village.
Where to find it: Schloss Solitude, Solitude 1, 70197 Stuttgart
26. Schloss Favorite
Favorite Castle might not be much to look at but the colours are simply wonderful. It's a teeny tiny castle, more a mansion, but excessively baroque, almost rococo in style. You can find it a little outside of Stuttgart, in Ludwigsburg, and a stroll through the park is a must. You can spot deers and stags!
Where to find it: Schloss Favorite, Favoritepark 1, 71634 Ludwigsburg
27. Leuchtenburg Castle
I am not saying Im biased but I had to include a castle that is close to my hometown of Jena. The rather odd looking Leuchtenburg overlooking the surrounding valleys stands out with its grey walls and round tower. Nowadays, it is mostly a museum about pottery – which is internationally renowned and produced in nearby Kahla.
Where to find it: Leuchtenburg, Dorfstraße 100, 07768 Seitenroda
Where to stay: Lehmhof-Lindig
28. Friedenstein Palace
Friedenstein Palace in Gotha is an impressive castle all in white and with wonderful arched pathways. The museum inside is a wonderful path into the past with each room being perfectly restored. You almost feel as if the past has come alive.
Where to find it: Schloss Friedenstein, Schlossplatz 1, 99867 Gotha
29. Heidecksburg
Thuringia has quite a lot of castles to offer and they aren't necessarily far apart. (Which is why I have visited so many.) The Heidecksburg overlooking small town Rudolstadt is a nice example. It's easy to reach and hard to overlook (you'll see it from the Deutsche Bahn train already). Inside, you can find a lavish museum with wonderful collections showcasing the different tastes and interior design styles throughout the castle's existence. Something that is very unique is its artsy installation of "Rococo en miniature", created by a GDR artist who wanted to create his own history as a form of criticism of the German Democratic government.
Where to find it: Heidecksburg, Schloßbezirk 1, 07407 Rudolstadt
Where to stay: Ferienwohnung mit Schlossblick
20. Burg Stahleck
The building style might look reminiscent of French fortified castles but is actually believed to have been built for and owned by the Archbishops of Cologne. Its name derives from Middle High German and means "impregnable castle on a crag". Nowadays, the castle is far from royal as it has been turned into a hostel.
Where to find it: Burg Stahleck, 55422 Bacharach
Book your stay at Altkölnischer Hof.
21. Schloss Mespelbrunn
Mespelurg Castle is entirely surrounded by a moat, situated a short drive away from Frankfurt and Würzburg. Originally, it was a simple house but over time was built into what it is today. It is still privately owned but can be visited. Especially th knight's hall is worth a visit. Fun fact: The famous German movie "Wirtshaus im Spessart" was shot here.
Where to find it: Schloß Mespelbrunn, 63875 Mespelbrunn
22. Marksburg
The fortress is an officially recognised Rhine Gorge UNESCO World Heritage Site. In total, the hills between Bingen am Rhein and Koblenz once housed 40 castles but the Marksburg is the only German castle that survived. In 1806 it was seized by Napoleon and was sadly hit badly in 1945.
Where to find it: Marksburg, 56338 Braubach, Germany
23. Schloss Bad Muskau
Right on the border to Poland, Bad Muskau Castle is sadly underrated. Its most popular resident was Count (later Prince) Hermann von Pückler-Muskau, who was a nobleman well-travelled in Europe, excelling in landscaping and architecture and an infamous playboy. Inside the museum you will learn a lot about his utterly fascinating life.
Where to find it: Tourismuszentrum Muskauer Park, Neues Schloss 02953, Bad Muskau
24. Dresden Palace
Smack in the middle of the Saxonian capital, you can find the former palace of the electors and kings of Saxony of the Albertine line of the House of Wettin. It features a range of architectural styles and has been turned into a museum, which you can visit.
Where to find it: Residenzschloss, Taschenberg 2, 01067 Dresden
Where to stay: art'otel dresden by park plaza
25. Glauchau
This wonderfully eclectic castle has seen quite a few refurbishments. In the 12th century it was still created and three hundred years later it was added to in a Neogothic style. Nowadays, it functions as a local museum, telling you the story of the small town Glauchau.
Where to find it: Schloss Glauchau, Hr. DahlbergSchlossplatz 5a, 08371 Glauchau
26. Hohnstein
In Saxony – the state of dozens of castles – Hohnstein will delight you on your visit to Germany. It is right next to the National Park Saxonian Switzerland and has never been conquered. It sits snug on a giant rock and its cellars and pisons have been carved straight out of them. Take a tour to learn all about it or visit the Christmas market in December.
Where to find it: Schloss Hohnstein, Markt 1, 01848 Hohnstein
27. Burg Castle
Here's a fun fact: the German word "Burg" means fortress and "Castle" means castle. So the name of this castle is literally Palace Castle. Near Solingen in North Rhine-Westphalia overlooking the river Wupper you can visit this charming German castle. It dates back to the 12th century.
Where to find it: Schloss Burg, Schloßpl. 2, 42659 Solingen
28. Water Castle Lembeck
We have water castles in Germany as well. In the midst of lush forests and quaint meadows, you can find Castle Lembeck. The castle grounds can be visited throughout the entire year, with flowers on display, such as daffodils, azeleas and roses. The castle's name actually derives from Low German "beke", which means stream.
Where to find it: Schloss Lembeck, Schloss 2,46286 Dorsten (Lembeck)
29. Blankenstein Castle
Don't be fooled into thinking this is a grand intact fortress. It dates back to 1228 and has fallen into quite the disrepair so that it was demolished in 1662, but the remaining tower is striking nonetheless. You can even climb the tower. Nearby, you can find well preserved half-timbered houses, which make for great photographs.
Where to find it: Burg Blankenstein, Burgstraße, 45527 Hattingen-Blankenstein (Welper)
30. Ringenberg Castle
In the Ruhr Valley, you can find the old fortress Ringenberg. It was built in a simple baroque style and completed in 1223. Nowadays, the rooms are used for art installations and also serve as living quarters for local artists.
Where to find it: Schloss Ringenberg, Schlossstraße 84649, Hamminkeln
31. Fortress Querfurt
Both town and fotress carry the same name and are quite inseparable. As opposed to many other fortresses, this one sits pretty much within the city walls. Plenty of German movies have been shot at Querfurt, earning it the nickname "movie castle" of Central Germany.
Where to find it: Burg Querfurt, 06268 Querfurt
32. Ettersburg Castle
Weimar used to be the epicentre of culture, art and literature in the 19th century and as such plenty of palaces and Baroque builings sprung up all around. One of these is Ettersburg with its generous parks and gardens. You can walk its grounds freely, take a seat in the cafe or book a stay for an upcoming conference.
Where to find it: Schloss Ettersburg, Am Schloss 199439 Ettersburg
33. Castle Burgk
No, this isn't a copy and paste mistake, there is another castle which is called "castle fortress" but with a slightly different spelling. This one has a very special location, following the curves of a mountain crest and leading to a picture perfect Baroque pleasure garden. Down below, you can see the glistening lakes and dams. Castle Burgk makes for a brilliant day out.
Where to find it: Schloss Burgk, Ortsstraße 16, 07907 Burgk
34. Fortress Heldrungen
You can visit the castle if you want to check into the youth hostel. It has become quite the hotspot for school outings and weekend trips and I visited it for that purpose as well. The water castle with its two moats Heldrungen is completely surrounded by a moat and was in use until 1712.
Where to find it: Jugendherberg Heldrungen, Schloßstraße 13, 06577 Heldrungen
35. Kochberg Castle
This is a castle I visited every summer as a kid because it is so pretty, it's gardens and surrounding forests are excessively charming and there is a nice cafe/restaurant and theatre on site. It is not absolutely outstanding but I love it. If you know anything about Thuringian history, then you know the name Charlotte von Stein. She was quite a vanguard during the late 18th and 19th century and turned the castle into a sought after cultural hub.
Where to find it: Schloss Kochberg, Im Schlosshof 3, 07407
35. Kapellendorf Castle
This is one of the biggest and most well preserved water fortresses in Germany. Kapellendorf (which is also what the town below is called) will give you plenty to explore. Walk within the fortress walls, explore the old restored rooms and learn more about medieval history.
Where to find it: Wasserburg Kapellendorf, Am Burgpl. 1, 99510 Kapellendorf
35. Kromsdorf Castle
I feel like we Germans weren't particularly inventive when it came to naming castles. They were just another landmark for the towns they protected, I guess. Castle Kromsdorf in Central Germany, near Weimar, is such an example. It feels more like a huge mansion as it was originally used as a knightly home.
Where to find it: Schloss Kromsdorf, Platz der Demokratie 47, 99441 Kromsdorf
36. Schleißheim Palace
If you are looking for day trips from Munich other than to Neuschwanstein, consider Schleißheim Palace. It is Baroque and Rococo in its purest form and you can walk forever along the well manicured flower beds. It used to be the summer residence of the Bavarian rulers of the House of Wittelsbach.
Where to find it: Schloss Schleißheim, 85764 Oberschleißheim, German
36. Nuremberg Castle
Nuremberg is a must see city in Bavaria, if you ask me. You can easily cover it in a day (or an afternoon if you are fast and don't get stuck in museums). You cannot miss the castle and walk around in it freely and free of charge. From here, you can enjoy an excellent view of the medieval city.
Where to find it: Burg Nürnberg, Burg 13, 90403 Nürnberg
37. Creuzbug Fortress
Creuzburg lies near Eisenhach in Thuringia and is known as the sister fortress to the Wartburg. As such, you have stunning views over the forests and small town of the same name below. The fortress was actually built on an old cloister but you wouldn't be able to tell anymore.
Where to find it: Burg Creuzbug, 99831 Creuzburg
Where to stay: Pension Heinemann.
38. Coburg Fortress
Coburg Fortress is one of largest castles in Germany and as such well worth a visit. The castle has seen quite some history, as it was affected during the Partition of Leipzig, the 30 Year War and also the famous painter Lucas Cranach the Elder lived and worked here.
Where to find it: Veste Coburg 1, 96450 Coburg
Where to stay: Vienna House Easy Coburg
39. Ingolstadt New Castle
Ingolstadt is a town North of Munich and its castle is striking in pure white. The New Castle was one of the most important secular buildings in the 15th century and you can learn all about weapons of war, such as cannons, inside the Bavarian Army Museum.
Where to find it: Neues Schloss, Paradepl. 4, 85049 Ingolstadt
40. Altenburg Castle
If you want to get a feel for how dukes lived way back in the 19th century, visit Altenburg Castle. It has been restored and boasts new exhibits and restored rooms. There is also a cathedral on site.
Where to find it: Residenzschloss Altenburg, Schloß 2-4, 04600 Altenburg
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I've been to several of these, including Neuschwanstein and Karlsruhe (I used to live in Karlsruhe and I biked past the Schloss everyday :) ), and they are indeed beautiful! I would also add two more to the list: Schloss Marienburg (http://solongusa.blogspot.de/2015/07/blast-from-past-schloss-marienburg.html) and Schloss Derneburg (http://solongusa.blogspot.de/2015/07/impromptu-hike-around-schloss-derneburg.html), both outside of Hildesheim. I absolutely loved Schloss Marienburg, and the tour was much better than the one at Neuschwanstein. As for Schloss Derneburg, you can't actually go inside the castle or the grounds, but there are beautiful, easy hiking trails around the castle, and the outbuildings and surrounding landscape are nice.
Travel on the Brain says
Hi Danielle, tht's cool! I have only been to the castle in Karlsruhe when it was covered in scaffolding and could not stay long anyway. I guess I need to go back. I have taken note of Marienburg and Derneburg and will try to visit them when I'm back in the country. Thanks for the tips!
Joe Burns says
To be honest I didn't know that there is a castle in Germany.You have shared such a wonderful information.Today I learned a lot and all thanks to you for sharing this wonderful blog.
Annemarie Strehl says
Hi Joes, I am glad I could educate you on the fact that we not only have one castle but over 20K castles in Germany.
Kasey says
This is awesome! Castles are always high on our list on trips, but most of these were not on our radar. Pinning for our Germany trip next summer =-)
Hi Kasey, yay for castles, am I right? I'm glad I could introduce you to some more epic German castles.
Nana - Patagoniadreaming says
I love castles! And Germany def. have the most beautiful once. I loved your pictures :))
Hi Nana, me too! We do have extremely beautiful ones. Not sure if we have the best but that is personal preference, I guess.^^
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[…] I grabbed a bike and rode next to the swaying green corn fields dotted with red poppies. I saw grand German castles, grand parks and houses on a pond. Who knew all that was so close to where I grew […]
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Using big data to recruit 'future leaders'
By Tom Lodewyke|22 March 2017
An international law firm has implemented a contextual recruitment system to boost diversity through its clerkship program, with promising results.
In 2016, Allens became the first law firm in Australia to implement the contextual recruitment system (CRS), developed by UK company, Rare Recruitment. The partnership was inspired by Rare's work with Linklaters and several other Magic Circle firms in the UK.
Miriam Stiel, partner and head of the intellectual property group at Allens, was in charge of graduate recruitment in Sydney at the time.
"We recognise that our clients and the broader society are made up of very diverse people, and we wanted our firm to reflect that," Ms Stiel told Lawyers Weekly.
"And while it's something that I think we've had some success doing on our own, we've seen the need to introduce something a bit more systemic and structured to ensure that we get the best outcomes."
The tool uses algorithms to profile candidates, compiling data about their demographics and educational backgrounds, and enabling firms to form a more complete picture of what each graduate offers.
Allens integrated the Rare CRS into its clerkship programme last year. Data from the firm, along with King & Wood Mallesons and Henry Davis York, showed that 13 per cent of clerkship applicants came from the top 1 per cent of Australian schools.
This suggests that students from disadvantaged schools or backgrounds may feel too daunted to even apply to major firms, believing their chances of success to be slim. Ms Stiel said there are two key components on Allens' strategy in addressing this issue: utilising the CRS to recruit clerkship applicants from diverse backgrounds, and promoting the tool so that more of these students may consider applying to major firms.
She said Allens saw immediate success in attracting more diverse applications when it implemented the CRS last year.
"In our applicants last year we saw a broader spread of candidates from universities that might not traditionally have applied to Allens, and we hope that with ongoing recognition of the fact that this is something that firms are committed to, that that preconception will be overcome over time," Ms Stiel said.
She added that the results in the UK have shown that candidates from disadvantaged backgrounds are 50 per cent more likely to be employed at firms that use the Rare CRS.
"I would imagine that, consistent with the experience in the UK, certainly other firms [in Australia] will be adopting this in time."
Ms Stiel emphasised the benefits of recruiting candidates from a wider range of backgrounds, especially the ability of the CRS to highlight the personal traits that may make a candidate a great lawyer, rather than the school or university they attended.
"What we've noticed is that some of the skills that we look for in our candidates that are really strong indicators of success are resilience, motivation and ambition," she said.
"That can often be something that is more obvious in candidates who have come from less traditional paths to firms like ours, and so I think that's something that's going to be really positive."
Ms Stiel said the CRS works best as part of a large recruitment campaign, such as a clerkship programmes, and that Allens will be using it again this year.
"The long-term benefits won't be seen for a little while because our clerks from last year, who went through using the tool, won't start as graduates with us until 2018 or 2019," she said.
"It's one thing to be employing people from diverse backgrounds, but looking at the long-term future of the firm and seeing them as the future leaders of the firm, because they are demonstrating those skills that are important for success, are really important as well."
The Lawyers Weekly Show recently spoke to Melissa Andrewes, an associate director at Rare Recruitment, who provided further insights into the CRS and the issue of diversity in the legal profession.
Tom Lodewyke
Last Updated: 12 May 2017 Published: 23 March 2017


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Rereleased Recordings and Something on the Way
I'm happy to share couple of exciting things. First, I have a new recording coming out, hopefully before the end of the year, called Tane and Anahera. It features a set of tunes for octet and quintet, and the octet music is based on a sci-fi epic that I've written (or least written in my head!). The music has a decidedly futuristic vibe, and the band is fantastic. I'm pumped to share the music with you all.
Second, I've rereleased my recordings. I've had various mishaps with releases in the past, and now they are all cleaned up and available on all of the mainstream music platforms (Spotify, iTunes, Amazon, etc.).
ROC Jazz Collective
This recording was made in 2017, and it features some great musicians who were all in Rochester, NY at the time. The recording features Sterling Cozza on piano, Olivery Haynes on Trumpet, Jakob Ebers on Bass, Stephen Morris on drums, and myself on sax. Oliver, Sterling, and myself contributed compositions for the recording, and my two tunes are Life Pass and Striving. Give it a listen:
Listen on Amazon
This 2011 EP was recorded in Philadelphia with Gabe Globus-Hoenich on drums, Jordan Berger on bass, Matt Davis on guitar, John Britton on trumpet, and myself on sax. The tunes are all my writing, and they were some of my favorites that this band played. We performed regularly in Philly, and we also played in NYC and D.C. The music on the recording is an eclectic mix of jazz, rock, and Afro-Cuban. Here are the links:
Uncertain Living
This was my first recording as a leader. My brother John and I co-led the recording with a great group of NYC-based musicians. The rhythm section features Jeremy Siskind on piano, Austin Walker on drums, and Taylor Waugh on bass. We also invited Chris Potter to play on two of the tracks from the album, my composition Ducks In a Row, and my brother's composition Anticipation. The recording turned out great, and we also had a big release show in NYC that Chris joined us for. You can see a transcription of his solo on Confirmation from the performance below. Here are links to the album:
Posted by Ben Britton at 9:27 AM
Ben is a saxophonist and composer and teaches jazz studies at the College of Southern Idaho. Find out more here.
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