text:
package org.apache.kylin.storage.hbase.ii.coprocessor.endpoint;

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.ImmutableBytesWritable;
import org.apache.kylin.measure.hllc.HyperLogLogPlusCounter;
import org.apache.kylin.common.util.BytesSerializer;
import org.apache.kylin.common.util.BytesUtil;
import org.apache.kylin.invertedindex.index.RawTableRecord;
import org.apache.kylin.invertedindex.index.TableRecordInfo;
import org.apache.kylin.invertedindex.index.TableRecordInfoDigest;
import org.apache.kylin.invertedindex.measure.FixedLenMeasureCodec;
import org.apache.kylin.measure.MeasureAggregator;
import org.apache.kylin.measure.hllc.HLLCMeasureType;
import org.apache.kylin.metadata.datatype.DataType;
import org.apache.kylin.metadata.datatype.LongMutable;
import org.apache.kylin.metadata.model.FunctionDesc;

import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;

/**
 * @author honma
 */
@SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes", "unchecked" })
public class EndpointAggregators {

    private enum MetricType {
        Count, DimensionAsMetric, DistinctCount, Normal
    }

    private final static class MetricInfo {
        private MetricType type;
        private int refIndex = -1;
        private int precision = -1;

        public MetricInfo(MetricType type, int refIndex, int precision) {
            this.type = type;
            this.refIndex = refIndex;
            this.precision = precision;
        }

        public MetricInfo(MetricType type, int refIndex) {
            this.type = type;
            this.refIndex = refIndex;
        }

        public MetricInfo(MetricType type) {
            this.type = type;
        }

    }

    private static MetricInfo generateMetricInfo(TableRecordInfo tableInfo, FunctionDesc functionDesc) {
        if (functionDesc.isCount()) {
            return new MetricInfo(MetricType.Count);
        } else if (functionDesc.isDimensionAsMetric()) {
            return new MetricInfo(MetricType.DimensionAsMetric);
        } else {
            int index = tableInfo.findFactTableColumn(functionDesc.getParameter().getValue());
            Preconditions.checkState(index >= 0, "Column " + functionDesc.getParameter().getValue() + " is not found in II");
            if (HLLCMeasureType.isCountDistinct(functionDesc)) {
                return new MetricInfo(MetricType.DistinctCount, index, functionDesc.getReturnDataType().getPrecision());
            } else {
                return new MetricInfo(MetricType.Normal, index);
            }
        }
    }

    public static EndpointAggregators fromFunctions(TableRecordInfo tableInfo, List<FunctionDesc> metrics) {
        final int metricSize = metrics.size();
        String[] funcNames = new String[metricSize];
        String[] dataTypes = new String[metricSize];
        MetricInfo[] metricInfos = new MetricInfo[metricSize];
        for (int i = 0; i < metricSize; i++) {
            FunctionDesc functionDesc = metrics.get(i);

            //TODO: what if funcionDesc's type is different from tablDesc? cause scale difference
            funcNames[i] = functionDesc.getExpression();
            dataTypes[i] = functionDesc.getReturnType();
            metricInfos[i] = generateMetricInfo(tableInfo, functionDesc);
        }

        return new EndpointAggregators(funcNames, dataTypes, metricInfos, tableInfo.getDigest());
    }

    final String[] funcNames;
    final String[] dataTypes;
    final MetricInfo[] metricInfos;

    final transient TableRecordInfoDigest tableRecordInfoDigest;
    final transient RawTableRecord rawTableRecord;
    final transient ImmutableBytesWritable byteBuffer;
    final transient HyperLogLogPlusCounter[] hllcs;
    final transient FixedLenMeasureCodec[] measureSerializers;
    final transient Object[] metricValues;

    final LongMutable ONE = new LongMutable(1);

    private EndpointAggregators(String[] funcNames, String[] dataTypes, MetricInfo[] metricInfos, TableRecordInfoDigest tableInfo) {
        this.funcNames = funcNames;
        this.dataTypes = dataTypes;
        this.metricInfos = metricInfos;
        this.tableRecordInfoDigest = tableInfo;
        this.rawTableRecord = tableInfo.createTableRecordBytes();
        this.byteBuffer = new ImmutableBytesWritable();

        this.hllcs = new HyperLogLogPlusCounter[this.metricInfos.length];
        this.metricValues = new Object[funcNames.length];
        this.measureSerializers = new FixedLenMeasureCodec[funcNames.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < this.measureSerializers.length; ++i) {
            this.measureSerializers[i] = FixedLenMeasureCodec.get(DataType.getType(dataTypes[i]));
        }
    }

    public TableRecordInfoDigest getTableRecordInfoDigest() {
        return tableRecordInfoDigest;
    }

    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return !((funcNames != null) && (funcNames.length != 0));
    }

    public MeasureAggregator[] createBuffer() {
        MeasureAggregator[] aggrs = new MeasureAggregator[funcNames.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < aggrs.length; i++) {
            if (metricInfos[i].type == MetricType.DistinctCount) {
                aggrs[i] = MeasureAggregator.create(funcNames[i], DataType.getType(dataTypes[i]));
            } else {
                //all other fixed length measures can be aggregated as long
                aggrs[i] = MeasureAggregator.create(funcNames[i], DataType.getType("long"));
            }
        }
        return aggrs;
    }

    /**
     * this method is heavily called at coprocessor side,
     * Make sure as little object creation as possible
     */
    public void aggregate(MeasureAggregator[] measureAggrs, byte[] row) {

        rawTableRecord.setBytes(row, 0, row.length);

        for (int metricIndex = 0; metricIndex < metricInfos.length; ++metricIndex) {
            final MetricInfo metricInfo = metricInfos[metricIndex];
            if (metricInfo.type == MetricType.Count) {
                measureAggrs[metricIndex].aggregate(ONE);
                continue;
            }

            if (metricInfo.type == MetricType.DimensionAsMetric) {
                continue;
            }

            MeasureAggregator aggregator = measureAggrs[metricIndex];
            FixedLenMeasureCodec measureSerializer = measureSerializers[metricIndex];

            //get the raw bytes
            rawTableRecord.getValueBytes(metricInfo.refIndex, byteBuffer);

            if (metricInfo.type == MetricType.Normal) {
                aggregator.aggregate(measureSerializer.read(byteBuffer.get(), byteBuffer.getOffset()));
            } else if (metricInfo.type == MetricType.DistinctCount) {
                //TODO: for unified dictionary, this is okay. but if different data blocks uses different dictionary, we'll have to aggregate original data
                HyperLogLogPlusCounter hllc = hllcs[metricIndex];
                if (hllc == null) {
                    int precision = metricInfo.precision;
                    hllc = new HyperLogLogPlusCounter(precision);
                }
                hllc.clear();
                hllc.add(byteBuffer.get(), byteBuffer.getOffset(), byteBuffer.getLength());
                aggregator.aggregate(hllc);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param aggrs
     * @param buffer byte buffer to get the metric data
     * @return length of metric data
     */
    public int serializeMetricValues(MeasureAggregator[] aggrs, byte[] buffer, int offset) {
        for (int i = 0; i < funcNames.length; i++) {
            metricValues[i] = aggrs[i].getState();
        }

        int metricBytesOffset = offset;
        int length = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < measureSerializers.length; i++) {
            measureSerializers[i].write(metricValues[i], buffer, metricBytesOffset);
            metricBytesOffset += measureSerializers[i].getLength();
            length += measureSerializers[i].getLength();
        }
        return length;
    }

    public List<Object> deserializeMetricValues(ByteBuffer buffer) {
        List<Object> ret = Lists.newArrayList();
        for (int i = 0; i < measureSerializers.length; i++) {
            measureSerializers[i].read(buffer);
            Object valueString = measureSerializers[i].getValue();
            ret.add(valueString);
        }
        return ret;
    }

    public static byte[] serialize(EndpointAggregators o) {
        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(BytesSerializer.SERIALIZE_BUFFER_SIZE);
        serializer.serialize(o, buf);
        byte[] result = new byte[buf.position()];
        System.arraycopy(buf.array(), 0, result, 0, buf.position());
        return result;
    }

    public static EndpointAggregators deserialize(byte[] bytes) {
        return serializer.deserialize(ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes));
    }

    private static final BytesSerializer<EndpointAggregators> serializer = new BytesSerializer<EndpointAggregators>() {

        @Override
        public void serialize(EndpointAggregators value, ByteBuffer out) {
            BytesUtil.writeAsciiStringArray(value.funcNames, out);
            BytesUtil.writeAsciiStringArray(value.dataTypes, out);

            BytesUtil.writeVInt(value.metricInfos.length, out);
            for (int i = 0; i < value.metricInfos.length; ++i) {
                MetricInfo metricInfo = value.metricInfos[i];
                BytesUtil.writeAsciiString(metricInfo.type.toString(), out);
                BytesUtil.writeVInt(metricInfo.refIndex, out);
                BytesUtil.writeVInt(metricInfo.precision, out);
            }

            BytesUtil.writeByteArray(TableRecordInfoDigest.serialize(value.tableRecordInfoDigest), out);
        }

        @Override
        public EndpointAggregators deserialize(ByteBuffer in) {

            String[] funcNames = BytesUtil.readAsciiStringArray(in);
            String[] dataTypes = BytesUtil.readAsciiStringArray(in);

            int metricInfoLength = BytesUtil.readVInt(in);
            MetricInfo[] infos = new MetricInfo[metricInfoLength];
            for (int i = 0; i < infos.length; ++i) {
                MetricType type = MetricType.valueOf(BytesUtil.readAsciiString(in));
                int refIndex = BytesUtil.readVInt(in);
                int presision = BytesUtil.readVInt(in);
                infos[i] = new MetricInfo(type, refIndex, presision);
            }

            byte[] temp = BytesUtil.readByteArray(in);
            TableRecordInfoDigest tableInfo = TableRecordInfoDigest.deserialize(temp);

            return new EndpointAggregators(funcNames, dataTypes, infos, tableInfo);
        }

    };

    public int getMeasureSerializeLength() {
        int length = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < this.measureSerializers.length; ++i) {
            length += this.measureSerializers[i].getLength();
        }
        return length;
    }
}


The Accounts Receivable Rep 2 is part of the internal customer service group for the loan origination, servicing, and collections departments.
Send and review daily bank files to transfer loan proceeds into customers' accounts via ACH payment. Responsible for processing/posting Month-End Payments including (but not limited to); Backup/Re presentment Process, Monthly Allotment file balancing, posting, and return wire.


The Treatment Advocacy Center is my choice as the organization that had the most impact in mental health during 2015.
Each December, I look back to see what group or person made a difference in mental health matters. In 2014, I chose Rep. Tim Murphy, (R-Pa,) Virginia State Senator Creigh Deeds and Philanthropist Ted Stanley as key impact players.
TAC's fingerprints and those of its founder, Dr. E. Fuller Torrey, could be found all over the first draft of Rep. Tim Murphy's Helping Families in Mental Health Crisis Act, so much so, that I once referred to Murphy's bill as "Torrey's revenge" against the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA.) TAC's former executive director Doris Fuller and current one, John Snook, were quoted extensively during 2015 in the media. Fuller's poignant recounting of her ill daughter's suicide first published in The Washington Post and later on this blog (Suicide: The Demons Got My Beautiful, Loving Daughter) reached more than a million readers.
Since its creation in 1998, TAC not only has pushed its self-described campaign "to reduce barriers to treatment," it has helped set our national mental health agenda. Much of its influence comes from its 78 year-old indefatigable founder. Before Torrey turned his venom on SAMHSA, he issued two damning exposes about the National Institute of Mental Health. My favorite description of Torrey came from Laurie Flynn, a former director of the National Alliance on Mental Illness, who was quoted in a 2001 Washington Post profile written about Torrey.
As I noted at the beginning of this blog, TAC and Torrey have detractors, including the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law and consumer and disability rights groups, but even their opponents would find it difficult to question the influence that TAC and Torrey had during 2015 — and will continue to have.


Mere weeks after the Bryans gave Poochie a new home, country music star Luke Bryan's wife announced their beloved pup had passed away.
On Feb. 20, Caroline Bryan made an announcement on Instagram that the senior pup had died. She started off the sad post with an all-too-appropriate quote.
"'If the kindest souls were rewarded with the longest lives, dogs would outlive us all,'" it read. "My heart is sad but full to post this.
"Our sweet Prince Poochie has passed away. He lived 18 years and was loved by so many people.
Even though it was short lived, we are so grateful he got some good food and lovin' from the Bryans before he made his journey to the Rainbow Bridge. RIP, Poochie!
A senior Aussie mix named Poochie reached the ripe old age of 18. A dog reaching 126 in dog years is one lucky dog, but then Poochie had some unexpected bad luck. His family surrendered him to a shelter after all those years. As tragic as that sounds, it turns out Poochie is, in fact, a very lucky dog after all.
The thought of a pet abandoned at such an old age is truly sickening. How could they suddenly become allergic after all those years? Well, according to some comments on the group's Facebook page, it appears the family may have a new baby who was allergic. If that is the case, it makes much more sense.
Whatever the case may be, Poochie's life changed forever. Fortunately for him, there were people like Redferrin who were looking out for dogs like him. Without her, his life might have taken a truly tragic turn. The rescuers decided that Poochie would become a forever hospice foster. He would get a second chance to live out his days in comfort.
That sounds lucky alright, but that's when Poochie seems to have really turned up the charm to full blast. Country music singer Luke Bryan saw him online living with his foster family. Bryan and his wife, Caroline were smitten and knew they could provide Poochie with the best life possible. They sent in the application with "impeccable" references, and the senior dog's life changed again.
Happy Mother's Day to the best mama in the D worlds.
Poochie went to live on the Bryans' Tennessee farm, where he would be surrounded by other lucky animals, including other dogs as well as goats, chickens, cats, and turkeys.
Now Poochie is living in the lap of luxury for the remainder of his days.


text:
Steve Kilbey, band singer, songwriter, bassist, painter,writer, poet, actor, sage, dispenser of arcane wisdom is one of Australia's most loved artists.
The popular song "Under the Milky Way" won the "Best Single of the Year" award at the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) awards event in 1989. For his work with The Church, Kilbey then accepted, together with his bandmates, an induction into the ARIA Hall of Fame.
Steve got his first bass guitar at age 16, joined a "cabaret" band at 18, formed a couple of bands "precious little" who morphed into "baby grande" (Peter Koppes was in both these groups too), in 1980 formed the Church and has also released 14 solo music albums since. "Kilbey's solo recordings are challenging and evocative. . . joyous and dreamy to saturnine and sardonic". Ian McFarlane.
The music of Martin Kennedy aka ARIA nominated soundscapers All India Radio has featured in CSI: Miami, One Tree Hill, The Lying Game, the UK's long running Emmerdale, Julia Zemiro's Home Delivery, Bondi Rescue, scifi feature film The Rare Earth and many more.
Martin and All India Radio have released ten acclaimed albums since 1999 and have worked with Steve Kilbey, Ed Kuepper and David Bridie. A Science Fiction fan ever since his mother took him to see 2001: A Space Odyssey in 1976, Australian musician/multi-instrumentalist/All India Radio mastermind Martin Kennedy has been exploring his fascination with outer space, not least through the cinematic ambient soundscapes of his long-standing, prolific band and its evocative song titles and his use of science fiction themed artwork for All India Radio and the upcoming new Kilbey Kennedy album.
"A tumbling spell of dreamlike evocations and cinematic glimpses …. These are the most sublime, mindful stupors I believe I've ever been in." - Stereoembers
"If David Gilmour recorded an instrumental album, it might sound as good as Echoes CD of the Month: All India Radio's The Slow Light." - John Diliberto, Echoes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Latin America, Middle East and Africa Data Backup and Recovery Market would witness market growth of 14.7% CAGR during the forecast period (2017-2023). The data backup process encompasses copying and archiving enterprise data, as data can be accessed in case of deletion or data corruption. Data backup and recovery solutions are offered in various customized software forms and as a service, which is popularly known as Backup-as-a-Services (BaaS). Intense competition from open-source platforms would be a major challenge that would limit the growth of the market during the forecast period. Nevertheless, recent developments, product launches, and mergers and acquisitions would drive the market growth. Organizations are widely incorporating data analytics and visualization solutions to track customer information, and as a result, manage a large amount of data.
Based on Type, the market report segments the market into Software and Services. Software includes Data Replication, Data Reduction, and Data Retention. Services include Professional and Managed Services. Based on Application, the market report segments the market into Media Storage Backup, Application Backup, and Email Backup. Based on Deployment Type, the market report segments the market into Cloud and On-Premise. Based on Organization Size, the market report segments the market into Small & Medium Enterprises and Large Enterprises. Based on Vertical, the market report segments the market into BFSI, Government, Manufacturing, Healthcare, Media & Entertainment, Retail, Telecom & IT, Education, and Others. Based on Countries, the Data Backup and Recovery market segments the market into Brazil, Argentina, UAE, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Nigeria, and Rest of LAMEA. The market research report covers the competition analysis of key stake holders of the Data Backup and Recovery Market.


text:
package com.cloudbroker.platform.api.data;

import com.cloudbroker.platform.api.exceptions.CloudbrokerPlatformAPIException;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;

@XStreamAlias("platform-price")
public class PlatformPrice extends Base{

	@XStreamAlias("enduser-organization-fee")
	private double endUserOrganizationFee;

	@XStreamAlias("vendor-fee")
	private double vendorOrganizationFee;

	@XStreamAlias("provider-fee")
	private double providerOrganizationFee;

	@XStreamAlias("platform-user-fee")
	private double individualUserFee;

	@XStreamAlias("non-commercial-rebate")
	private int nonCommercialRebate;

	@XStreamAlias("resource-surcharge")
	private int resourceSurcharge;

	@XStreamAlias("software-surcharge")
	private int softwareSurcharge;

	public double getEndUserOrganizationFee() {
		return endUserOrganizationFee;
	}

	public double getVendorOrganizationFee() {
		return vendorOrganizationFee;
	}

	public double getProviderOrganizationFee() {
		return providerOrganizationFee;
	}

	public double getIndividualUserFee() {
		return individualUserFee;
	}

	public int getNonCommercialRebate() {
		return nonCommercialRebate;
	}

	public int getResourceSurcharge() {
		return resourceSurcharge;
	}

	public int getSoftwareSurcharge() {
		return softwareSurcharge;
	}

	public static String getURL() {
		throw new CloudbrokerPlatformAPIException("Can not list platform prices. Please use CloudbrokerClient#getPlatformPrice() to get price");
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Rosmarinus officinalis Irene ['Renzels'] - (Trailing Blue Rosemary) - A semi-prostrate spreading evergreen shrub to 2 to 3 feet tall by 6-8 feet wide with bright green foliage and blue-violet flowers in late winter through early spring with sporadic bloom year-round. This prostrate rosemary has been touted as a breakthrough in rosemary's because of its brilliant blue-violet floral color and greener foliage. Cascades beautifully over walls with a hummocky growth habit. Plant in full sun. As with other Rosemary it is resistant to deer and rabbit predation, tolerant to salt spray, alkaline soils and drought. Hardy to 15�F. This plant was discovered in 1991 by Phil Johnson who found it growing in the crack of a dry stack retaining wall he had built in 1984 in the garden of a client in Orinda, Calif. Phil named the plant for his Black Labrador Princess Irene, who was also known as Renzels, using 'Renzels' as the patented cultivar name and Irene as a marketing name. In May 2, 1995 is was granted US Plant Patent PP9,124, which expired in April 2014. We were first licensed to grow this plant in 1996 and will continue to grow this very nice rosemary cultivar, though it is no longer protected by a patent. When we first grew this plant it was thought to be a low ground hugging groundcover variety but in time have noted it getting taller - still very nice as a groundcover but not as low as some others such as the paler blue flowered Rosmarinus 'Lockwood de Forest'. Recent DNA analysis now shows the genus Rosmarinus to be fit squarely into the massive Salvia genus, which already has about 1,000 species. Since the specific epithet "officinalis" is already used in the genus Salvia, the new name for our common rosemary is now officially Salvia rosmarinus. Joining Rosmarinus in this move to Salvia is Perovskia and the little know genera Dorystaechas, Meriandra and Zhumeria. This change was published in an article by University of Nebraska biologist Bryan T. Drew, Jes�s Gonz�lez-Gallegos, Chun-Lei Xiang, Ricardo Kriebel, Chloe Drummond, Jay Walker and Kenneth Sytsma titled "Salvia united: The greatest good for the greatest number" in the February 2017 issue of Taxon 66(1):133-145. For the sake of our customers and ourselves, we continue to list the Rosemary in the genus Rosmarinus! This description is based on our research and observations made of this plant as it grows in our nursery, in the nursery garden and in other gardens that we have visited. We will also incorporate comments received from others and always appreciate getting feedback of any kind from those who have some additional information about this plant, in particular if this information is contrary to what we have written or if they have additional cultural tips that would aid others in growing Rosmarinus Irene ['Renzels'].


A truly exceptional example of modern architecture, this brand new detached house is finished to an exacting standard and provides expansive and flexible family accommodation with high ceilings throughout. Distinct features include the grand drawing room with double doors out on to a large terrace and vast luxury kitchen approaching 1,000 sq/ft incorporating a large dining and living area with double doors directly leading out to another terrace with steps to the garden. Upstairs you will find a breathtaking master bedroom suite with two dressing rooms and a lavish bathroom, with a further five generous bedrooms and four bathrooms. In addition to the wonderfully proportioned reception rooms there is a sizable lower ground floor room which would make an excellent cinema / media room or home gym, and also an ideal Au pair's bedroom and adjacent bathroom on this level. To the rear is a beautiful mature garden with a superb patio area perfect for outdoor entertaining and an extensive lawn area. To the front of the house there generous and secure gated parking.
The property is situated in an exclusive and sought after enclave of substantial detached houses on the periphery of Richmond Park. The area is ideal for families seeking an easy access into central London whilst retaining a semi rural environment as it is surrounded by several large green open spaces including the vast 2,500 acres of the world famous Richmond Park, East Sheen Common and Wimbledon Common. Horse riding, cycling and golf are available within a few hundred yards in Richmond Park and all these beautiful open spaces are perfect for dog walking and running.


Tried and true, our R-255 (double-fan) auxiliary heaters are among the most versatile and maintenance-free heaters you'll find. Their round-tube-and-fin design lets you mount these heaters in any position using our multi-position leg brackets or flush-mount frame, and their compact size, simple plumbing, and high output make them ideal for any application.
Defrost Hose Outlet 3 1/2"


text:
What year did the first production of Our Town premiere on Broadway?
Which opera star played Nettie Fowler in the 2018 production of Carousel on Broadway?
Anna Netrebko
Natalie Dessay
Renée Fleming
True or false: James Lapine was nominated for both Best Book and Best Direction of a Musical for Passion, but only won for Best Direction of a Musical.
What year did the first production of Grease open on Broadway?
A new production of American Buffalo is scheduled to premiere in Spring of 2022. How many productions of the show have previously been on Broadway?
What year did Kenny Leon win his first Tony Award?
What show did Christina Ricci make her Broadway debut in?
Siz Degrees of Separation
Which of John Grisham's novels has been adapted for the stage and played on Broadway?
A Time to Kill
The Pelican Brief
The Last Juror
True or false: Chris Rock wrote the book for Motherf**ker with the Hat.
True or false: Hugh Dancy made is Broadway debut in Venus in Fur.


text:
articles Long Read
How Walt Disney brought The Jungle Book to the big screen
Legendary animator Floyd Norman tells the story of how a Disney classic was made.
Matt Packer
@mjpwriter
Rudyard Kipling's 'The Jungle Book' has a lot of songs in it, but none of them contain the phrase 'Oo-bi-do'. Yet that didn't stop this rugged work of Victorian fiction from being transformed into a breezy, 76-minute animated feature brimming with bar-room blues. Indeed, anyone discovering the source material for the first time today would be hard pressed to see how Kipling's tale could be so ruthlessly simplified. But then, Walt Disney wasn't just anyone.
Perhaps fittingly, the Law of the Jungle – which holds sway over the animal kingdom in Kipling's version – also played a major part in the production itself, and by the time Disney's film prowled into theatres in 1967, it had more than a touch of claret on its claws. But in order to tell the story of how Disney brought 'The Jungle Book' to the big screen, you have to follow the trail back to where it all began: on the printed page.
The wrath of Khan
Seething with the mood and mystique of rural India, 'The Jungle Book' was first published in various London journals in the 1890s as a loose series of poems and short stories. In 1894 they were reworked as a collection, with 'The Second Jungle Book' coming out the following year. Misfits fascinated Kipling. While his outlook was staunchly hierarchical, he disliked the ceremonial trappings of Empire, and would refuse a knighthood twice by 1903 and the Order of Merit, again twice, by 1924. With that in mind, it makes sense that the star of his two books is a young lad who becomes something of an oddball for two very different communities.
Mowgli's fateful, life-changing step is simply to wander off as an infant while his family is under attack from tyrannical Bengal tiger, Shere Khan. Taking refuge with a family of wolves, Mowgli nestles among the cubs straight away and beguiles their parents, who adopt him as one of their own. As a boy, Mowgli is schooled in the ways of beasts by the Obi Wan-like panther Bagheera and the sage, avuncular bear Baloo, gentle custodian of the Jungle's customs. Also watching his back is the cunning rock-snake Kaa, completing a protective trinity. However, Khan's sly manipulation of the wolves forces Mowgli to flee the jungle and find refuge back among his own people, who view him with deep distrust. Faced with life as a dual outcast, Mowgli realises that he must face Khan once and for all.
Kipling's wonderment hinges on his use of anthropomorphic animal characters – which is why Zoltan Korda's 1942 stab at bringing Mowgli and co to the big screen is a bit of a let-down. Very likely fearing the technical challenges involved with creating a literal depiction, Korda focused almost exclusively upon the struggle that Mowgli (played by the charismatic Sabu) endures while trying to reintegrate with his own kind. Except for Khan, Mowgli's animal acquaintances are glossed over, and Korda doesn't attempt to grant them dubbed voices. It's a pretty film, but it misses huge, vital chunks of what made the Kipling tales so special.
No such restraint applies to 2D animation: a medium purpose-built for the fantastical and suspension of disbelief. Floyd Norman, a bona fide Disney legend who worked as assistant animator on several of the studio's classic features, explains that, "[Walt] was attracted to the Kipling novel because of the animals," an aspect of the book that chimed readily with the anthropomorphic magic of such films as Lady and the Tramp and One Hundred and One Dalmatians. With his studio an entrenched hit factory, and a clear opportunity at hand to do things Korda didn't dare try, Disney secured the rights to merge Kipling's world with his own. But had he bitten off more than he could chew?
The man who would test that question most directly was Dalmatians veteran Bill Peet, then one of Disney's leading purveyors of 'story art' – a blend of screenwriting and storyboarding. Working alongside songwriter Terry Gilkyson in 1963, Peet began to push through the jungle and imagine how Kipling's book could be refashioned as a Disney piece. As it turned out, he was quite enamoured of his journey, and adapted the material in a similar spirit to how he'd tackled Dodie Smith for Dalmatians and TH White for that year's The Sword in the Stone – Disneyfying, but with an undercurrent of respect for the source. Peet was keen to preserve Kipling's mythic heft. He was completely on the wrong track.
Having left Peet to his own devices – as he had on Dalmatians and The Sword in the Stone – Disney checked back in when the latter under performed at the box-office and was furious with the project's direction. Peet and Gilkyson were out, and the film was shut down. "Naturally, Bill was not pleased with Walt's rejection of his vision, and he made his feelings known," Norman says. "This wasn't the first time Walt and the veteran writer had clashed. After the usual shouting match, Peet walked off the motion picture and out of the Walt Disney Studios. We expected Bill to return once things had become less heated. However, he'd reached the end of his rope. Bill gave in his notice and never returned, ending a career that had begun in the 1930s."
According to Norman, however, The Jungle Book didn't stay shut down for long. Tasked with leading a fresh mission was Wolfgang 'Woolie' Reitherman, director of Sleeping Beauty, Dalmatians and Stone. "Bill Peet had been a solo act," Norman recalls, but now, the Old Maestro would enlist the story team Woolie usually utilised. Veterans Larry Clemmons and Vance Gerry were joined by Al Wilson, funnyman for [Rocky and Bullwinkle stable] Jay Ward Productions. Animators Dick Lucas and Eric Cleworth often doubled as story artists, so they also joined the team. Finally, a newcomer would be recruited from the animation wing: Floyd Norman would have his unexpected introduction to Walt's coveted story department.
Tempted away from his drawing board as if by the mesmeric Kaa himself, Norman took an uncredited writing role, and instantly grasped what Disney was driving at: "When we began the rewrite, Walt's instructions were clear and simple. The Old Maestro said, 'Make it light, make it fun and make it entertaining.' Despite being a no-nothing kid back in 1966, I knew exactly what he wanted: Walt Disney wanted The Jungle Book to be a Walt Disney film."
Trimming the foliage
That required a dramatic shedding of numerous characters from the book in an effort to pare down its knotty, non-linear structure. Even the wolves had to be downplayed, with the script focusing more heavily on the mentor/mentee relationship between Bagheera and Mowgli. Handing off the whole Voice of Reason gig to the panther triggered two significant knock-on effects: Kaa became a much more ambiguous snake in the grass, while the Buddha-like, easy-going qualities of the book's Baloo were turned up to the point where his animated twin became almost like a furry prototype of The Dude.
The project couldn't have asked for a finer pedigree of animator. Reitherman – who had come up through the studio's ranks via Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Pinocchio and Peter Pan – was joined by elephant wrangler John Lounsbery, vulture keeper Eric Larson and tiger handler Milt Kahl. All four were card-carrying members of Disney's 'Nine Old Men', the crack squad of artistic and technical titans who had been with him from the start. Determined to capture lightning in a bottle, Reitherman's team utilised 'xerography', a technique that enabled the animators' raw, paper-based drawings to be simply photocopied on to the cels, eliminating the need to ink them one by one and harnessing the artists' more spontaneous flashes of inspiration.
In keeping with the new adaptation's buoyant tone, and Disney's desire for The Jungle Book to be fully on brand, he hired longstanding studio stalwarts in the shape of the 'Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious' Sherman Brothers to rewrite the film's songbook. But there was one, vital concession on that front, without which the film would not have been the same. Norman elaborates: "Although Terry Gilkyson had been fired we begged Walt to allow us to keep one of his songs. Thankfully, he let us hold on to 'The Bare Necessities'." In the voice-artists' booth, meanwhile, an exhaustive, nationwide hunt for the film's Mowgli culminated in Reitherman's son Bruce landing the part, while the casting of George Sanders as Shere Khan directly influenced how Kahl drew the character.
As soon as the film began to coalesce, morale on the production ran high. "Our main concern was keeping Walt happy," says Norman. "Since the Old Maestro seemed pleased with the way the movie was going, we were delighted. We knew we had an entertaining movie."
A new species
Which brings us to another big question: what was Walt Disney really like? "That's enough to fill an entire book," Norman remarks. "I've often lectured on Walt Disney's management style and his abilities as a creative leader. Walt demanded the best of all those who worked for him. He was a tough story editor and never satisfied with a job half done. The Old Maestro was never generous with compliments – and it was best not to expect any. If you managed to survive a story meeting with Walt Disney, you could consider yourself lucky. Looking back at The Jungle Book, we now know that Walt's health was failing at the time. [Disney died of lung cancer in December 1966, 10 months before the film came out.] However, he gave no signs of sickness and worked with his usual vigour."
So, what are Norman's feelings about how cel animation has largely given way to CGI? "Another subject worthy of a whole book. I come from the tradition of hand-drawn animation, and I still consider the classic Disney animated films to be Disney's best. While I embrace CGI as a new asset in the filmmakers' toolbox, I do not consider it the next step in the evolution of animation. For me, there is nothing old or obsolete about hand-drawn, traditional animation, and I eagerly look forward to the day when we can see hand-drawn art back on the big screen. CGI is great in many ways. However, the computer and technological innovation can never replace the gifted hand of the artist."
Disney's The Jungle Book is released 15 April. Follow Matt Packer on Twitter @mjpwriter
Tags: Computer Animation Disney Walt Disney
Ava DuVernay is making a live action Disney movie
The Selma director is in talks to direct a major new adaptation of 'A Wrinkle in Time' for the studio.
By Adam Woodward
Jon Favreau brings Rudyard Kipling's classic tale crashing into the 21st century. The result is astonishing.
As Disneyland turns 60, we turn back the clock to gauge the cultural impact of the most enchanted corner of the Magic Kingdom.


May is a month where nothing really happens in Japan. It is the post-sakura season where everyone is done taking pictures of cherry blossoms and is getting ready for a humid and hot summer. I say this with tongue in cheek but there is some truth to the lull of May. People gear up for the new school and fiscal year beginning in April and slowly settle into the pattern of life by May, in relief. I joined ELSI in the beginning of May after going through their multiple interviews in January. Yes, I say multiple interviews to point to the unique way ELSI evaluates its potential newcomer, where you meet numerous people by whom you are not sure you are being judged or just having a scientific exchange. Or both. It is an unconventional way but it seemed to have worked for me much to my delight.
During this time, I managed to get to know whom I will be working closely with and I feel lucky to be with people whom are my instant noodle expert (INE). INE are people who will be there to give you suggestions and ideas in an instant. Some of my colleagues may not be here all year long but they are nevertheless very insightful to have around when they are around. Within a few interactions, I realised how much more reading I needed to do and how I can reduce workflows in research. This I got within the first week of being here.
I was also impressed by how collaboration happens here, where fields are interrelated and you get to see the bigger picture. A young scientist often neglects the bigger picture, preferring to dig deeper. At ELSI, the bigger picture is often the talking point and this is how collaborations happen. It is slightly daunting in the beginning but it is exciting once you get it.
Right now I am facilitating in building the chemistry lab, which is almost like a "mansion" room. In Japan, a "one-room mansion" is the common term referring to a studio apartment. This is one of those Japanese terms that I have a hard time comprehending till this day. However, the limits in space will all change, as ELSI will have a new building by the end of next year. For now, we are dealing with making the best of space, which is manageable. Personally, the opportunity of building a lab is an exciting prospect to me, where we are sharing ideas on how to handle the logistics of instruments and materials in a small room. I hope that we will be fully operational by end of summer.
On the lighter note, what I find nice and admittedly a little weird is, the people at ELSI are like a family. We often have lunch together, meet for daily tea-time at 3, and we drink together every Friday. Yes, you could surmise that perhaps we don't have many friends. However, friendless or not, some of the best discussions happen here. It is like a mix of getting to know some of the research staff and building a connection between them. We are planning to watch some of the World Cup matches together. My general advice is, don't mix work and life together. But ELSI is an exception, I suppose.
Finally, I would like to convey my appreciation to the wonderful set of support staff we have at ELSI. They have made my registrations and other legal obligations amazingly easy since day 1. Moreover, they are always welcoming when you approach them in their office. They make a point to ask you personal questions (the nice ones), to be your friend and to make your time here a smooth one.
All is pretty good, until of course we find ourselves rooting for opposing teams when we watch the World Cup matches together as an ELSI family!


Through Salter Brecknell, Avery Weigh-Tronix combines years of precision weighing expertise with an economical alternative for what professionals demand from a balance. With its fine feature set and simple functionality, the Salter Brecknell ESA series is the sensible response to almost any application, in any market sectors requiring an accurate precision weighing solution.
Display– Front facing 6 1/2 digits, 0.75" (19 mm) high 7-segment LCD display with blue backlit. Shows multiple weighing units plus Cal and low battery indicator.


Depression is: "feelings of severe despondency and dejection." With that out-of-the-way, there has been an increasing amount of ways to either "get rid of, deal with, or handle" depression throughout time. In my experience there seems to one approach that seems to have a very positive outlook and result and that is entertainment. Let me make one thing clear before we continue, there is no clear "cure" to depression, but there are ways to ease the mounting pressure it can present on some people's minds and bodies. Entertainment is one of those ways, this is how we introduce ourselves to you. Entertainment, keeps the mind active, alive, and thriving in times where darkness is the main focus and sometimes the only surrounding friend. Books can and sometimes full readers into worlds of their own designs without limitations the real world can imply on happiness or imagination.
These books, thought to be old fashion have made a roaring come back within the past years with authors of powerful wordplay, minds, and most importantly magic. At this point you might think I've romanticized the abilities and effects of positive entertainment on depression as a "cure all" or some sort of potion that takes care of everything, and that's okay. It isn't a cure-all but it holds a very specific attribute to link recovery to its main purpose and that is relate-ability. Let's start at books, shall we? As previously stated, books can submerge people into a world like they've never known before. A place where their troubles, heartaches, and depression truly don't exist, where they have characters that might even be similar or just like them, face the same troubles and come out at the end on top. In just this first example, there is incredible amounts of opportunities to heal, cope, and grow for a person just picking up and reading a simple book, or hearing it through an audio book.
Entertainment is in everything we do, the way we interact in today's world, and a big part of it is gaming. Gaming is growing faster and faster even in today's age of technology. The social media has fully integrated with gaming, and now finding friends to play with or gaining new companions is easier than before, thus further adapting to depression by social conversation, mixed with gaming, and an higher mental state. Let me take a step back from sounding like a medical journal, it's just plain fun honestly, it gets people hyped up about simply communicating, interacting, and making sure everyone knows how they can make a 12 year old's kid crash down around him and tell him, his mom is a nice lady…This brings us to comic's and movies. These two things are sometimes interchangeable (Captain America, Logan, The Avengers, The Dark Knight), and in these exchanges creates a sense of friendship with people who are strangers by the simple love of entertainment.
An example would be Penny Arcade Expo simple known as PAX, which we will be attending this weekend. It is at its core, a convention of strangers who have gathered for the sake of talking to other strangers about entertainment they love. Well, when it's put like that it sounds crazy right? It's something that breaks the stereotypes of "stranger danger" by mental "forcing" the interaction, and breaking barriers or apprehension. As you can see by now these things (Movies, Comics, Games, and Books) are all interrelated and connected to each other through simple daily use, discussion and interactions with others. Lastly, it is the technology aspect that brings them all together. Computers, Bluetooth, phones, tablets, etc are the things that keep you connected to others, enhancing the coping we've been talking about, strengthening bonds without even being realized.
In conclusion, this entire article, wasn't just a subject explanation, but more of our mission statement. We are here as entertainment but more importantly, to bring people together for the things we all love to do. To look at reviews, news, and all things interesting in today's growing world of interaction. We thank you for being here, we like you for your opinions, and we love you for staying with us.
P.S – Below are links to some authors and narrators websites that are highly respected, easy to talk to and have produced some great works and are continuing to more and more.
Jeff Hays – Narrator: Wizard Scout series, Delivers LLC and many more.


ProClinical is partnering with a leading pharmaceutical company to advertise a vacancy for a QA Consultant position. The consultant will serve as the Quality Assurance subject matter expert (SME). This job will be based in the company's office in Switzerland.
Executing, coordinating, and/or overseeing the Quality aspects of outsourced GMP manufacturing, testing, and release activities performed by global contract service providers.
Designing, developing, assembling, monitoring, and/or presenting QMS metrics updates and status reports, as assigned.
Anticipating, identifying, prioritising, and/or executing pre-emptive mitigation of quality risks through cost-effective compliance with all applicable regulatory requirements.
Assisting in ensuring that manufacture and release of 'Specials' products are in compliance with the requirements of GMP.
Writing reports, SOPs, and other documentation when required.
Identifying areas of QA risk and providing input on an effective QA oversight plan to mitigate the identified risk.
Ability to manage a risk-based approach input on an effective QA oversight plan to mitigate the identified risk.
Previous experience overseeing and managing auditor capacity planning and audit reporting.


A contemporary neighborhood corner store located in University Circle's historic Little Italy. Home of the "Irresistible Zucchini Pancake", we specialize in homemade foods from sandwiches to full service catering. A convenient and delicious for lunch, dinner, or just that last minute item.


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Facebook sued over Cambridge Analytica
Facebook sued by top US prosecutor over Cambridge Analytica | "Facebook has not been honest with Congress or the public about how it treats its users' data" claims New Jersey Rep.
Washington DC's top prosecutor is suing Facebook in the first significant US move to punish the firm for its role in the Cambridge Analytica scandal.
The suit was filed by Karl Racine, District of Columbia's Attorney General, said the Washington Post. It accused Facebook of allowing the wholesale scraping of personal data on tens of millions of users. The action adds to a number of regulatory investigations, following a year of privacy and security missteps. A Facebook spokesperson told the BBC: "We're reviewing the complaint and look forward to continuing our discussions with attorneys general in DC and elsewhere."
Facebook's data-sharing deals exposed
Facebook sued .... what else?
In addition to this lawsuit, Facebook is being probed by the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice. In the UK, the company was fined £500,000 over the Cambridge Analytica scandal, the maximum fine the British data regulator could impose. Bigger trouble may arise from the Irish data protection regulator, which is investigating Facebook for multiple admissions of security flaws, in what is being seen as the first major test of Europe's new privacy rules as dictated by the General Data Protection Regulation. According to the Post, the DC attorney general's action could be amended to include more recent data security admissions.
More headaches for Facebook
The D.C. case threatens to develop into an even worse headache for Facebook. Racine told reporters that his office has "had discussions with a number of other states that are similarly interested in protecting the data and personal information of their consumers," though he cautioned there is no formal agreement for them to proceed jointly. The attorney general's aides said they could add additional charges to their lawsuit as other details about Facebook's privacy lapses become public.
In the months since the Cambridge Analytica scandal began, Facebook has fielded considerable criticism for a series of privacy missteps. Last week, Facebook admitted that as many as 6.8 million users' photos may have been improperly accessed by third-party apps. In Decemeber 2018, new details emerged about Facebook's extensive data-sharing arrangements with corporate partners including Amazon and Spotify. The report from The New York Times quickly triggered another round of calls from Capitol Hill for the tech giant to be penalized.
New Jersey Rep. Frank Pallone, the incoming Democratic chairman of the tech-focused House Energy and Commerce Committee, commented:
It appears that Facebook has not been honest with Congress or the public about how it treats its users' data. Based on these revelations, I'm concerned that Facebook may have provided the Committee with inaccurate, incomplete, or misleading responses to our questions, and we'll be following-up.
Sources and credits: BBC News, The Washington Post
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Home / News / EUROPE / Thousands rally for Africans shot by far-right activist in Italy
People take part in an anti-fascism demonstration, one week after the attack that injured at least six Africans in the central Italian town of Macerata / Photo: screenshot Aljazeera
Thousands rally for Africans shot by far-right activist in Italy
Thousands of anti-fascist demonstrators rallied on Saturday in the Italian cities of Rome, Milan, Palermo and Macerata, where six Africans were injured in a drive-by shooting a week ago.
Protesters warned against a revival of neo-fascist sentiment during the campaign for next month's national election with right-wing politicians exploiting the issue of migration to poach for votes.
Africans take part in an anti-fascism demonstration in the central Italian town of Macerata / Photo: screenshot Aljazeera
The 3 January shooting spree came after a Nigerian asylum-seeker, Innocent Oseghale, was arrested in connection with the gruesome discovery of the dismembered body of an 18-year-old Italian woman near Macerata.
The gunman, 28-year-old Luca Traini, who had unsuccessfully run in local elections with the right-wing, anti-immigration League party, also known as the Northern League, told police he was avenging the woman, named as Pamela Mastropietro. Traini had links to.
Traini, whose weapon was licensed, remains under arrest and faces up to 20 years in prison.
One of the 6 African victims, being interviewed by the press on his hospital bed, said he was shot in the leg as he was walking in the street / Photo: screenshot Euronews
"What happened here was an act of terrorism," said Amin Nour, an African migrant. "We are sorry for what happened to Pamela, it was something horrible, but monsters have no colour or origin, they are just monsters."
The Macerata shootings have dominated recent days of campaigning for Italy's 4 March parliamentary elections in which immigration is a major issue. More than 600,000 migrants have arrived on Italy's shores from North Africa in the last four years.
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Germany: New Laws and Regulations in October 2020
Swiss voters reject proposal to scrap free movement accord with EU
Referendum: Swiss vote on whether to end free movement agreement with EU
The Swiss will vote on Sunday in a referendum on whether to end its agreement …


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Home | Blog | Here's What We Know about Foreign-Born Workers in the U.S. — and How Their Demographics Compare to the Native-Born Population
Here's What We Know about Foreign-Born Workers in the U.S. — and How Their Demographics Compare to the Native-Born Population
Foreign born workers make up 17 percent of the U.S. labor force. Understanding the differences between foreign- and native-born workers sheds light on important details of the U.S. economy, with implications for our budget and policy choices. Annual data published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), as well as data from the American Community Survey (ACS), provide a useful look at the significant contributions that foreign-born individuals make to the United States' economy.
Highlights from the most recent BLS and ACS data include the following takeaways:
There were 28.0 million foreign-born workers in the United States in 2021, who made up 17.0 percent of the total workforce.
Overall, foreign-born workers earn 88.0 percent as much as native-born workers; however, foreign-born workers that are age 25 or older with at least a bachelor's degree earn more than native-born workers with those characteristics.
The unemployment rate for the foreign-born population was higher than that of the native-born population, demonstrating the disproportionate effects the COVID-19 pandemic had on the foreign-born workforce.
The foreign-born population has a higher rate of labor force participation than the native-born population.
The share of foreign-born adults with at least a bachelor's degree is lower than the share of native-born adults with that level of education. However, foreign-born individuals from several regions of the world earn bachelor's degrees at higher rates than the native-born population
How Do We Define "Foreign-Born"?
According to BLS, the foreign-born population is defined as "persons residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth." That includes "legally-admitted immigrants, refugees, temporary residents such as students and temporary workers, and undocumented immigrants." Conversely, BLS defines the native-born population as "persons born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen."
In 2021, the U.S. population of 332.0 million included 45.3 million foreign-born individuals, or roughly 14.0 percent. That percentage has varied throughout history. In 1970, for example, foreign-born individuals composed only 5.0 percent of the total population. At other points in history, such as the late 1800s, the foreign-born population was about the same share of the population as it is today.
How Much Do Foreign-Born Workers Earn?
Foreign-born individuals typically earn less than native-born individuals — on average, 89 cents for every dollar earned by their native-born counterparts. That disparity generally holds true across age groups and education levels, with one significant exception. Foreign-born individuals with a bachelor's degree or more had median weekly earnings of $1,521 per week in 2021, which was $81 per week higher than the median for the native-born population with that level of education.
Earnings vary by education and birthplace
Median Weekly Earnings
Native Born
Foreign Born
Less than a high school diploma $699 $610
Highschool graduate, no college 826 735
Some college or associate degree 934 846
Bachelor's degree or more 1,440 1,521
All Education Levels 1,091 921
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Foreign-Born Workers: Labor Force Characteristics —2021, May 2022.
NOTES: The foreign-born population is defined as persons residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. The foreign-born population includes legally-admitted immigrants, refugees, temporary residents such as students and temporary workers, and undocumented immigrants. Data above are for individuals age 25 and older.
© 2022 Peter G. Peterson Foundation
A different story emerges when analyzing the data by race. For White, Black, and Asian workers, foreign-born individuals earn slightly more than those who are native-born. However, for workers who are Hispanic or Latino, the foreign born earn considerably less (13 percent) than the native born.
Earnings vary by race and birthplace
White $1,106 $1,276
Asian 1,272 1,371
Black 799 859
Hispanic or Latino 846 713
NOTES: The foreign-born population is defined as persons residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. The foreign-born population includes legally-admitted immigrants, refugees, temporary residents such as students and temporary workers, and undocumented immigrants. The race and ethnicity categories above are mutually exclusive but not exhaustive.
Employment Rates of Foreign-Born Workers
From 2007 through 2018, the unemployment rate for foreign-born individuals tended to be higher than the unemployment rate for native-born individuals. The gap reached a peak of 1.5 percentage points in 2009. The trend was interrupted in 2019, but switched back again in 2020, when the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and resulting economic recession disproportionately affected employment for the foreign-born labor force. The unemployment rate for foreign-born workers rose in 2020 to 8.9 percent, or 2.2 percentage points higher than that of the native-born workforce. In 2021, that gap narrowed slightly, but foreign-born workers still had a higher unemployment rate than the native born.
Meanwhile, the foreign-born population has consistently shown a higher rate of labor force participation. According to BLS, 65.7 percent of the foreign-born population age 25 and older participated in the labor force in 2021, while the native-born rate was 62.0 percent. That difference of 3.7 percentage points means that a significantly larger share of the foreign-born population is either employed or unemployed and looking for work.
Although the foreign-born population has an overall higher labor force participation rate, it varies among age group. For example, the native-born population age 25 to 34 had a labor force participation rate of 82.8 percent in 2021, which was 5.6 percentage points higher than the corresponding foreign-born population. However, for the 55- to 64- year-old age group, foreign-born individuals participated in the labor force at a rate that was 4.5 percentage points higher than that of the native-born population.
Labor force participation rates vary by age and birthplace
16 to 24 55.8% 53.0%
25 to 34 82.8 77.2
65 and older 18.7 19.7
NOTES: The foreign-born population is defined as persons residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. The foreign-born population includes legally-admitted immigrants, refugees, temporary residents such as students and temporary workers, and undocumented immigrants.
Education Level of Foreign-Born Workers
The native-born population has a slightly higher level of educational attainment than does the foreign-born population. In 2021, 35.3 percent of the native-born population age 25 and older had a bachelor's degree or more. For the foreign-born population age 25 and older, the percentage with a bachelor's degree or more was 33.8 percent.
However, foreign-born individuals from several regions of the world have considerably higher levels of educational attainment than the foreign-born population as a whole. Those who are now living in the United States but were born in South Central Asia, East Asia, Europe, and Africa are more likely to have bachelor's degrees than the native-born population of the United States.
English Proficiency Among Foreign-Born Individuals
The ACS collects data each year about the English proficiency of individuals age 5 or older. Data from the survey showed that in 2021, 17.0 percent of the foreign-born population spoke only English at home. A further 37.0 percent spoke English "very well" in addition to speaking one or more other languages. The remaining share of foreign-born individuals, nearly half of the total, characterize their skills in English as less proficient.
The U.S. labor force is changing in many ways. A substantial part of the labor force is foreign born, so an understanding of that population's characteristics is key to understanding the overall economy. The information provided by BLS and the ACS on the foreign-born workforce can help policymakers as they consider legislation aimed at promoting a healthy economy.
Related: Income and Wealth in The United States: An Overview of Recent Data
Image credit: Photo by Getty Images
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The Department of Public Safety is awarding contracts to five organizations to establish new reentry councils in Onslow, Jones, Guilford, Pamlico, Craven, Forsyth and Cumberland counties to help people released from prison transition back into their communities and to help communities prevent repeat offenders.
A contract for $149,976.55 will go to the Guilford County Government for the Guilford County Local Reentry Council. Contracts for $150,000 each will go to the Piedmont Triad Regional Council in Forsyth County and Action Pathways, Inc., in Cumberland County. Contracts of $225,000 each will go to Tri-Counties Crusaders in Onslow/Jones counties and Eastern Carolina Council of Governments in Pamlico/Craven counties. These funds will help start local reentry councils in those areas.
Reentry councils are networks of community-based organizations that work together to assist people returning from prison with necessary local services like housing, employment, food, clothing, treatment, transportation and mentoring. Their mission is to develop and coordinate resources to help people released from prison transition back into the community and to reduce the number of repeat offenders.
"When people have served their time, we want them to become productive members of society for their own success and for the safety and success of our communities," Governor Roy Cooper said. "Reentry councils make a real difference helping people leaving prison to find a place to live and a job."
The contracts for five new reentry councils are being funded through a $1.75 million federal grant which the Department of Public Safety received in October 2015 from the Bureau of Justice Assistance to enhance transitional services, expand reentry councils and continue reforms begun under the Justice Reinvestment Act in 2011. In addition to providing funding for the local reentry council expansion, the federal grant will be used to increase reentry-related programming within the state prison system, to fund step down transitional housing for inmates being released to the local reentry council areas, and to assist in appropriately matching programs and services to offender needs.
The reentry councils are stakeholders of the State Reentry Council Collaborative, chaired by Department of Public Safety Secretary Erik A. Hooks. The collaborative – which includes representatives from DPS, the Attorney General's Office, the Department of Commerce, the Department of Health and Human Services, the Division of Motor Vehicles, the Administrative Office of the Courts, the N.C. Community College System, non-profits, the faith community, and formerly incarcerated individuals – is examining the needs of people being released from prison and ways to help them successfully reintegrate into their communities. The group is also focusing on increasing the effectiveness of local reentry councils.
Five reentry councils began operating in 2013 in Buncombe, Mecklenburg, Pitt, Hoke/Robeson/Scotland, and Nash/Edgecombe/Wilson counties. Earlier this year, reentry councils were established in Wake, Durham, New Hanover and McDowell counties.
On Nov. 17, Governor Cooper's office and DPS convened a group of more than 70 experts working to help people leaving prison successfully transition into communities across the state. The purpose of the full-day meeting was to give local reentry councils the opportunity to learn from each other and share successful strategies. Guest speakers also presented on how the councils can more effectively engage with the faith community and other community organizations. Representatives from all 14 local reentry councils, including the five new councils, participated along with elected officials, nonprofit leaders, and community college representatives.


When it comes to pre-existing conditions, there is a widespread belief that you can't get worker's compensation for them. This is true if you developed the condition before working at your current job and it has stayed the same or progressed at the expected rate while you are working. However, if your pre-existing condition worsened because of the demands of your job, then you can indeed get worker's compensation benefits to cover it and any future treatment.
When it comes to back injuries, typically this is a common dispute when it comes to getting worker's compensation. When filing for worker's compensation, if you are found to have arthritis or degenerative disc disease, many insurance companies will try to deny your claim on account that you likely developed it due to genetics or age and not because of your work. However, that denial has no basis and you shouldn't have to accept that it.
While your job may not always be responsible for developing back conditions like arthritis or degenerative disc disease, it certainly can aggravate these conditions. Certain jobs can make a worker more susceptible to aggravating their back conditions based on certain demands that are put on them. Typically these jobs require the worker to perform frequent repetitive motions, endure high impact activities, or even remain seated for too long. This usually include factory worker, construction work, and manual labor, but office jobs can also be responsible at times if it requires the worker to be seated for a long period of time, as office jobs often do.
However, while pre-existing conditions aren't covered, if they were aggravated at your job, this qualifies you for worker's compensation. While the nomenclature makes it sound like they are two different things, an "aggravated condition" is often just a work injury that is made worse by the fact that you already had arthritis or a degenerative disease. So, while your worker's compensation insurance might say it is not a work injury, but a natural progression, a doctor can likely attest otherwise.
While there no real good news about having a degenerative back condition, if you have been dealing with it for awhile and had it aggravated at work, the good news is you can prove it rather easily. Unlike other workers without degenerative issues, they likely don't have pre-existing medical records that document the condition of their back. This can lead to worker's compensation denial if it is found that they have the beginnings of a degenerative disease since the claims adjuster can say the injury is just the beginning of that.
However, if you have been visiting a physician for awhile, they have documentation of the rate of degeneration in your back. If that rate suddenly accelerates in conjunction with your work injury, then that is concrete proof that your job was the cause. In any worker's compensation claim, having a long and detailed medical paper trail is a major boon to your case, so having one before the injury even occurred can make it very hard to argue that your job didn't cause the acceleration in your back issue.
Have you been hurt at work or had your back injury denied for benefits because of a pre-existing condition? You don't have to settle for that. Contact us today 507-779-7529. Many workers give up after a claim has been denied when they have every right to appeal it if they were hurt at work. The Law Firm of Harvey & Carpenter is dedicated to representing Minnesota's injured workers and we aren't afraid to fight for you.


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These countries have the most positive influence on the world
81% of surveyed respondents said Canada had a positive influence on world affairs.
Image: REUTERS/Mark Blinch
Keith Breene , Formative Content
The idea of the United States as a "shining city upon a hill" is most closely associated with President Ronald Reagan but has been used by politicians since the country's earliest days.
The founding founders wanted America to be a beacon of freedom and democracy that would light the way for the rest of the world.
But it seems the brightness of that light has faded of late, with a new survey showing a significant and sudden drop in the number of people around the world who see the United States as having a positive influence.
A new Ipsos MORI poll of 18,000 respondents across 25 nations shows that only 40% think the US has a positive influence on the world stage. That's less than China at 49% and not far ahead of Russia at 35%.
The US 'approval' rating has dropped by 24 percentage points since last year's survey.
Canada is seen as setting the best example with 81% of respondents saying it has a positive influence on world affairs. Australia and Germany complete the top three.
What does the world think of America?
Why countries with a positive global influence export more
How China will impact the world economy in 2017
In Europe, amid the turmoil of Brexit, the EU and the United Kingdom are both seen as having a positive influence by 57% of respondents. While that's the same result as last year for the EU, the UK's rating has dropped by 10 points.
Israel and Iran are at the bottom of the ranking with only 32% and 21% of people respectively viewing their global influence in a positive light.
Ipsos MORI also asked about international organisations are when they are included in the results, it becomes clear that reputational damage is not confined to nation states.
Image: IPSOS Mori
While the United Nations ranks 4th, it has dropped 9 points since last year.
The World Bank and IMF have both experienced a 7 point drop in approval but still sit ahead of China and the United States.
Keith Breene, , Formative Content
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What Is It Called When You Sit With The Orchestra In A Musical For The First Rehearsal?
1 Why is it called sitzprobe?
2 What is a Wandelprobe?
3 What is the orchestra pit called?
4 What does company mean in Broadway?
5 What do you call the first rehearsal with musicians?
6 What is a sitzprobe What is a Wandelprobe?
7 Why are thrust stages good?
8 What is rehearsal in drama?
9 How do you pronounce Sitzprobe?
10 How deep is an orchestra pit?
11 Is orchestra pit seating good?
12 How do you get into the pit orchestra?
13 What is the title of the show you are not allowed to say in a theatre?
14 What is the middle of a play called?
15 What do you call a Broadway hit?
Why is it called sitzprobe?
"The term sitzprobe comes to common usage from German, and is believed to have originated in opera. Originally, the term referred to the first run-through of a performance in which both the singers and the orchestra performed together.
What is a Wandelprobe?
Learning a new word today: Wandelprobe. " A rehearsal used in opera and musical theatre where actors, the orchestra, and blocking come together for the first time." Happening this evening when the 15-person cast and 5-person band of JUNO rehearse together for the first time.
What is the orchestra pit called?
Earlier in theatre history from 1500–1650 the orchestra pit was also called the yard and it was a lower level that lower-class members of the audience would stand to watch the show. It was generally very crowded and hard to see the full stage. The amount of space in the yard varied with different stages.
You might be interested: What Is An Orchestra Piece Called?
What does company mean in Broadway?
Unlike most book musicals, which follow a clearly delineated plot, Company is a concept musical composed of short vignettes, presented in no particular chronological order, linked by a celebration for Robert's 35th birthday.
What do you call the first rehearsal with musicians?
In opera and musical theatre, a sitzprobe (from the German for seated rehearsal) is a rehearsal where the singers sing with the orchestra, focusing attention on integrating the two groups. It is often the first rehearsal where the orchestra and singers rehearse together.
What is a sitzprobe What is a Wandelprobe?
A sitzprobe is a rehearsal with the orchestra and no blocking. I try and put it on the schedule, and the other directors rehearse other things at the same time with the people who are not being used. A wandelprobe is the same thing with some minor blocking involved.
Why are thrust stages good?
A thrust has the benefit of greater intimacy between performers and the audience than a proscenium, while retaining the utility of a backstage area. Entrances onto a thrust are most readily made from backstage, although some theatres provide for performers to enter through the audience using vomitory entrances.
What is rehearsal in drama?
A rehearsal is an activity in the performing arts that occurs as preparation for a performance in music, theatre, dance and related arts, such as opera, musical theatre and film production. The term rehearsal typically refers to ensemble activities undertaken by a group of people.
How do you pronounce Sitzprobe?
How do you pronounce sitzprobe? In German, you pronounce "sitzprobe" as "ZITZ-proh-buh. " (Listen here) In the English-speaking theater world, it's not uncommon to hear "ZITZ-probe" or "SITS-probe". You might also hear directors shorten "sitzprobe" to "sitz".
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How deep is an orchestra pit?
Orchestra Pit 27 feet wide, 8 feet deep curved front and back.
Is orchestra pit seating good?
The seating in the pit is awesome. Its actually better for someone shorter than taller for knee room. You can definitely see the stage and event with the best view. Basically you should be able to see everything on the stage from the main floor – except someone really tall is in front of you.
How do you get into the pit orchestra?
Subbing in is a common way for aspiring pit orchestra musicians to get their first experience on a big show.
Deep instrumental proficiency.
Multi-instrumentalism.
Reading music notation.
Wide repertoire.
Reliability.
Networking.
What is the title of the show you are not allowed to say in a theatre?
The Scottish Play. The Bard's Play. Macbeth is surrounded by superstition and fear of the 'curse' – uttering the play's name aloud in a theatre causes bad luck. But where did this superstition come from?
What is the middle of a play called?
An intermission, also known as an interval in British and Indian English, is a recess between parts of a performance or production, such as for a theatrical play, opera, concert, or film screening.
What do you call a Broadway hit?
A medley of tunes from the score of a musical, the overture plays after the lights go down and before the curtain goes up as an introduction to the show. The term comes from the French ouverture, which means "opening."
FAQ: Where Is The Stuttgart Philharmonic Orchestra Located?
Question: What Are The Best Colleges In The Us For Orchestra?


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Harley Quinn Solo Movie Lands Black List Female Screenwriter
The Harley Quinn / Birds of Prey spin-off is set to be written by Christina Hodson who also pens a Transformers spin-off.
AceShowbiz - Warner Brothers has found a screenwriter for the untitled Harley Quinn project. TheWrap reports that Christina Hodson, a three-time Black List scribe, is booked to pen the script for Margot Robbie's DC movie that is expected to feature the pigtailed heroine and the Birds of Prey.
Hodson's feature film debut "Shut In" starring Naomi Watts and Jacob Tremblay will arrive sometime soon. Another of her works for the big screen, an erotic thriller called "Unforgettable", will be led by Rosario Dawson and Katherine Heigl.
She also writes a Bumblebee spin-off for Paramount, a female-centric actioner for Fox, a TV adaptation of Japanese crime novel "Out" for AMC, and a reboot of "The Fugitive" for WB. On top of that, one of her three spec scripts, "The Eden Project", has been picked up by Sony.
Patrick Dempsey and Wife Officially Call Off Divorce
Shia LaBeouf Slays With Impressive Freestyle Rap and People Freak Out
'Winnie the Pooh' Horror Movie Banned From Featuring Tigger


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Ninth Ward
March 2, 2018 booknutgirls	Leave a comment
by Jewell Parker Rhodes
First sentence: "They say I was born with a caul, a skin netting covering my face like a glove."
Content: There are some intense moments, but it's written very simply. It's in the middle grade (grades 3-5) section of the bookstore.
Lanesha lives in New Orleans' Ninth Ward, one of the poorest sections of the city, with her Mama Ya-Ya, who is the woman who delivered her, because Lanesha's mother has passed on and her extended family doesn't want her. But, even though they're poor, Lanesha's happy. That is, until a storm — Hurricane Katrina — comes riding in. Mama Ya-Ya passes on in the middle of the storm, and Lanesha is left to figure out how to ride out the flooding that came after the hurricane by herself.
I adore Rhodes, and the way she takes tough issues and makes them really accessible to younger readers. She knows her audience, knows how to talk to her audience, and knows how to make difficult subjects into a gripping, interesting, compelling story. This one is no exception (I hadn't read it before!). The only difference with this one is that it has ghosts. Lanesha has the ability to see those who have passed on, and can even talk to them. (Which makes me wonder why this one ended up in the "realistic fiction" section of my children's lit class…) Even so, the ghosts don't seem out of place; it is New Orleans after all. And even though the ghosts play a role in resolving the ultimate conflict, I think Rhodes did an excellent job in making this a real middle grade novel, with the action being propelled forward by the children.
Excellent. But that's no surprise.
BIPOC authorBIPOC charactersBlackdead parentsghostshurricaneLouisianaNew Orleans
Rain Reign
November 14, 2014 booknutgirls	Leave a comment
First sentence: "I am Rose Howard and my first name has a homonym."
Content: There's really nothing, and the words are mostly simple with lots of white space. It's in the middle grade (grades 3-5) section of the bookstore.
Rose Howard is a 12-year-old fifth grader with high-functiohttp://www.thebooknut.com/2013/08/counting-by-7s.htmlning autism. Her mom ran of when she was two, and she's been raised in a small New York town by her dad. (And her uncle, who's much nicer than her dad.) She generally makes do in school, at home. Especially since her dad's gone either at work or at the bar down the road.
He did pick up a dog for her, one day, though. Which she named Rain. And Rain keeps Rose company.
(There is a side bit about Rose loving homonyms but I felt that was more distraction than anything, and didn't really add much to the plot.)
A big storm hits, the remnants of a hurricane, and knocks power out in the down. Rose's father lets the dog out, and she never comes back. So, Rose and her uncle set to checking in shelters to find Rain. And when they do, they're in for a surprise.
I've never read any Ann Martin before (yeah, I missed the whole Babysitter's Club thing), and I really wanted to like this one. But I just… didn't. Counting by 7s and Anything But Typical did the whole autism spectrum thing so much better. I didn't care about Rose, I'm tired of missing mothers and bad fathers, and I just. didn't. care.
That's not to say it's a bad book… I did like the way Rose narrated it, like she was writing a report. It was clever, but I found that the form got in the way of the substance. That's not to say others (especially dog lovers) wouldn't like it. But it wasn't for me.
disabilitiesdog storieshurricanemissing parents