text:
Lithium sorption by industrial cationites from the heat driver of the Paratuna deposit of the Kamchatka region
G.V. Popov, the Research Geological Center, the Far Eastern Branch, the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS)
The prospects of using industrial sorbents for the integrated use of a geothermal coolant, with the aim of obtaining lithium, are shown. Along the way, in the extraction of lithium, it is possible to extract other metals and minerals, which in turn will reduce the maximum permissible concentrations in the recycled heat transfer medium. Also there is studied the dependence of the degree of extraction of lithium ions on the temperature of the used geothermal solution Paratuna deposit in the Kamchatka region. The characteristics of ion exchange and selectivity of industrial sorbents with respect to lithium cations in the presence of alkali and alkaline-earth metals are analyzed. There were reviewed separation coefficients too. The sorption isotherm on the contact time of the phases was constructed.
Keywords: sorption, lithium, cation exchangers, extraction, geothermal coolant, Paratuna deposit (Paratunskoye field), environmental protection, complex processing, static exchange capacity, sorption isotherm.
Providing Russian population with safe drinking water: condition, problems, solutions
A.P. Demin, D.Sc. (Geograph.), the Institute of Water Problems, the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS)
The data on the provision of the housing stock of the Russian Federation (by subjects of the Federation) with centralized water supply in 2000-2017 are given. There is shown the growth of deterioration of the water supply network and its influence on the increase in the share of leaks in the total volume of water supplied to the network. The share of falsified and used pipes in the construction and reconstruction of water supply systems is 20-30%; state of the plumbing economy is estimated as a crisis. The average daily water consumption of urban and rural residents as a result of the introduction of a complex of water-saving measures decreased by 110 liters or 43%. For 2000-2017 the proportion of unsatisfactory samples for sanitary and chemical indicators in reservoirs of the first category decreased by only 2 percentage points, and for microbiological indicators – by 5.5 percentage points.
Keywords: centralized water supply, water supply network, water leaks, groundwater, water metering devices, water quality in sources, safe drinking water.
Current trends in perennial changes in suspended sediment discharge in Russian rivers
S.R. Chalov, Can.Sc. (Geolog.), the Faculty of Geography, the Moscow State University
Spatial changes of sediment transport in the end of XX-early XXI centuries over the territory of Russia are discussed. The study emphasizes shifts in sediment patterns over the early XXI century, as well as spatial variability related to impacts from natural changes and economic activity (land use drivers). The most drastic change in sediment transport have been reported over the Northern part of the East Siberia (from 2-3 at the largest rivers to 10-fold increase at the small rivers) due to mining impacts and thermal erosion processes governed by climate change. Most significant sediment decline (3-4-fold decrease) have been seen at the Southern area of Russia due to water runoff decrease and sediment trapping by reservoirs.
Keywords: sediment transport, sediment concentration, long-term changes, reservoirs, climate change.
Cadastral assessment of soils in respect of the agricultural lands in the Urals federal district
P.M. Sapozhnikov, Prof.-Dr.Sc. (Agricult.), the Moscow State University, A.K. Ogleznev, Can.Sc. (Biology), Y.N. Filippova, the Dokuchaev Soil Institute
The cadastral value of agricultural lands located in the Urals Federal District varies from 2 900 rubles per hectare (ha) for peat-podzolic soils to 87 300 rubles per ha for black soils. For soils tainted by the development of solodization and alkalinization processes the decline in the cadastral values of black soils varies from 50 to 90%. The cadastral values of sod-podzolic soils do not exceed 17,000 rub. per ha, those of gray forest soils – 45,000 rub. per ha. For arable lands affected by the erosion processes under the condition of medium erosion, the cadastral value diminution can reach up to 45%, and for highly-eroded soils the respective reduction in the cadastral value can reach up to 90%. The sensitivity of the approaches for assessing the cadastral values to different soil-geographical conditions is discussed.
Keywords: main types (sub-types) of soils, Urals Federal District, normative yield of agricultural crops, normative costs, market prices for agricultural crops, unit values, cadastral values of lands.
Modern condition of the worked peat roots of the Ryazan Meschera
K.N. Evsenkin, Can.Sc. (Engineer.), the All-Russian Research Institute of Hydrotechnics and Melioration, O.A. Zakharova, Dr.Sc. (Agricult.), F.А. Musaev, Dr.Sc. (Agricult.), the Russian State Agrarian University (c. Ryazan), N.P. Karpenko, Dr.Sc. (Engineer.), the Russian State Agrarian University-the Moscow Agricultural Academy nam. after K.A. Timiryazev
Monitoring researches of the worked peat soils on four reclamation facilities of the Ryazan Meshchera with the purpose of studying the water-physical and meliorative state of them have been carried out. It has been established that prolonged irrational use of drained peat soils in agricultural production and its subsequent removal from circulation, as well as deformation of elements of the drying system, leads to soil degradation and its secondary water logging. The draining of objects began in the 1950s. It was revealed that for a long period of use of drained peat mass a significant deposit of peat occurred, the volumetric mass increased to 0.58 g/cm3. The ash content of the peat indicates its conversion to humified mass, etc. The results of monitoring peat soil at the meliorative site also indicate the development of secondary bogging.
Keywords: Ryazan Meshchera, peat soil, drainage, water logging, landscape, swamping, degradation, secondary bogging.
The underlying causes of the formation of «green» economy ideas
A.I. Pisarenko, the Academician, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Russian Forestry Society, V.V. Strakhov, Dr.Sc. (Agricult.), the All-Russian Research Institute for Forestry and Mechanization (VNIILM), the Federal Forestry Agency (Rosleskhoz)
The article is devoted to the analysis of the best ways of economic development of forestry in order to preserve economic benefits from the use of forests and forest resources, combined with the preservation of the forests and all inhabitants of forest ecosystems. The concepts of sustainable forest management and the concept of the «green economy» are analyzed.
Keywords: «green» economy, «brown» economy, forestry, sustainable forest management, forest ecosystems, economic benefits.
The quality of wild animal populations and the problems of preserving the subspecific purity of their genotype
O.A. Manuylova, K.E. Smirnov, A.S. Igolkin1, Can.Sc. (Veterinar.), D.N. Fedoseeva, the Federal Centre for Animal Health-FGBI «ARRIAH» (c. Vladimir), M.N. Sotskaya, Can.Sc. (Biology), the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education (MSUPE)
It has been shown that in Russia there was a threat of intraspecific breeding of wild animals and wild animals with domestic ones due to the search for the most cost-effective methods of hunting management and the insufficient legal framework protecting natural biodiversity. Concrete proposals are made to remedy the current situation with the preservation of the subspecific purity of the genotype of such wild animals as the wild boar and the European red deer.
Keywords: wild boar, European red deer, farm deer, habitat, «species pollution», hybridization, breeding, genetics of wild animals.
Small-leaved linden as one of the predominant species in the stand composition of the Bashkortostan Republic
R.R. Isyanyulova, Can.Sc. (Biology), E.N. Talipov, postgraduate student, the Bashkir State Agrarian University
The article presents the analyzed data on distribution of small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) on the territory of administrative areas and the Ufa city (the Bashkortostan Republic). There is a comparative analysis of changes on the covered areas and a wood stock for 2016-2018. On the whole, there are mostly mature and overmature linden stands in the forest stock of the Bashkortostan Republic that proves lack of integrated use of linden-trees.
Keywords: Bashkortostan Republic, linden-tree forest, small-leaved linden, dominant species, total stock, covered area.
Regime, anomalies and long-term variability of wind-wave conditions of the Sevastopol region
V.N. Maslova, Can.Sc. (Geograph.), the Institute of Natural and Technical Systems, V.A. Naumova, Can.Sc. (Geograph.), V.P. Evstigneev, Can.Sc. (Phys.-Mathemat.), the Institute of Natural and Technical Systems, the Sevastopol Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring
The following climatic and anomalous characteristics of the wind-wave conditions of the Sevastopol region were obtained: average monthly wind speed, average monthly wave height, monthly and annual maximums of wave speed and height, frequency of various gradations of wind speed and wave height, in directions, etc. Also there was done the analysis of the frequency of wave heights and wind speeds, which reached the criterion of unfavorable and dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena. The periods of stable positive (1954-1983) and negative (1984-2018) values of anomalies of mean monthly (maximum) wave heights in all seasons and months were identified in the article according to observations at the hydrometeorological station on the Cape Chersonese.
Keywords: regional climate, frequency of storms, periodic variability, wave-dangerous directions, storm activity, southwest Crimea, Black Sea coast.
Landscape structure of small waterfalls in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic nutricline-fissure genesis
K.G. Jangurazov, the Center of Study, Use and Protection of Water Resources of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, the Federal Agency of Water Resources (Rosvodresursy)
Small waterfalls play an important role in the formation and development of landscape structures and channel features (hydrological, hydrogeological, environmental) of the adjacent natural-territorial complexes of natural environment of Kabardino-Balkaria. In recent years, there is planned involvement of a large number of waterfalls of different genesis in the recreational activity of the Republic. It led to growth the anthropogenic pressure on the waterfall area. To assess the impact of all these processes on the lithogenic basis of a landscape the adjacent territory it is necessary to study the functioning of small waterfalls, including their genesis, form, expiry and duration of the flow, the phase state of flow, the characteristics of classification and zoning. In this paper, the small waterfalls nutricline fractured genesis. There is identified landscape structure of the bed, «giant pot» waterfalls of the genesis, as a waterfall system and dangerous phenomenon in winter.
Keywords: waterfall, small waterfall, genesis, phase state, water flow, intracavity fissure, recreational significance.
State environmental expertise: the formation, state and development prospects
N.G. Rybalsky, Prof.-Dr.Sc. (Biology), the Faculty of Soil Science, the Moscow State University, the National Information Agency «Natural Resources», the Russian Ecological Academy, Yu.I. Shmeleva, the Faculty of Soil Science, the Moscow State University
The article traces more than a 30-year path of the foundation, formation and development of the institute of state environmental impact assessment in Russia and the environmental impact assessment (EIA) procedure. An analysis of the current situation with state environmental expertise is given. Problems of this expertise and ways of improving environmental impact assessment in the country are considered.
Keywords: environmental impact, environmental impact assessment (EIA), state environmental expertise, public environmental impact assessment.
Algae in the regional Red books of the Russian federation
A.A. Prisyazhnaya, Can.Sc. (Biology), S.A. Kruglova, V.R. Khrisanov, Can.Sc. (Geograph.), the Institute of Basic Biological Problems, the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), V.V. Snakin, Dr.Sc. (Biology), the Moscow State University, the Institute of Basic Biological Problems (RAS)
The regional lists of rare and threatened species were analyzed in the article. It was revealed that of 265 species of algae listed in the regional Red Books of the Russian, 18.1% are Cyanobacteria, 24.5% are Rhodophyta, 22.3% – Charophyta, 10.9% – Chlorophyta, 12.5% – Phaeophyceae, 1.5% – Xanthophyceae, 1.1% – Chrysophyceae, 8.7% – Bacillariophyta and 0.4% are Haptophyta. The species richness of algae protected at the regional level in the subjects of the Russian Federation has been estimated. Non-uniformity is demonstrated, both in terms of quantitative composition and spatial distribution of species of algae protected at the regional level in Russia. It was revealed that the algae are included in the regional lists of protected species in only 35 subjects of the Russian Federation; in 50 subjects rare and threatened species of algae are not identified. The problems associated with the compilation of red lists of algae.
Keywords: algae, species diversity, lists of rare and threatened species, regional Red Books, ecological mapping.
On the 80th anniversary of Yu.S. Tsaturov
On the 70th anniversary of V.G. Blinov
Water industry: the experience of foreign cooperation (The continuous of the article. The beginning in bulletin № 3, 2018)
S.M. Golubev, Can.Sc. (Geology), the All-Russian Public Organization «Russian Union of Hydrogeologists», V.A. Omelyanenko, NIA-Priroda
The article shows, on specific examples, the results of many years of fruitful cooperation between the USSR and the developing countries of Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America in the second half of the twentieth century in the use of water resources and water industry construction. The experience of Russian industrial and scientific water organizations can be used to overcome the acute shortage of fresh water in many countries of the world. To restore cooperation with foreign countries in the sphere of water management Russian organizations need state support.
Keywords: economic cooperation, water resources, water industry construction, hydropower facilities, irrigation system, water supply, water well drilling, underground water reserves.
International law of environmental protection specifications
V.A. Dolginova, Can.Sc. (Biology), the Research Centre «Agroprognoz», N.N. Rybalskiy, Can.Sc. (Biology), the Soil Geography Department, the Faculty of Soil Science, the Moscow State University
The article provides the aspects of the formation of an international environmental law. There are studied international environmental organizations and analyzed their activities. There is made a review of the UN system and other international legal institutions related to environmental protection. The features of the conceptual framework in the international environmental law there are highlighted too. Also there are analyzed the legal sources of international econorms and highlighted core ecolaw documents. There are provided the main features of the international ecolaw, which obstruct the creation of an effective New World Eco-Order.
Keywords: ecology, legislation, law, protection of nature, environment, natural environment, environmental organizations, UN, environmental law, ecolaw, econorm, soft law, hard law, eco-order.
Ways to solve the problem of rational nature management in the Kemerovo area
O.A. Ryazanova, Prof.-Dr.Sc. (Agricult.), the Department of Management and Business Technologies, Yu.N. Kleshchevsky, Prof.- Dr.Sc. (Economy), the Director, the Kemerovo Institute (branch) of the Plekhanov Russian Academy of Economics
The article discusses environmental issues related to solving the problem of environmental management in terms of returning to the state forest fund of lands that have experienced technogenic impact, through forest reclamation of dumps of disturbed lands and creating artificial multifunctional ecosystems on them using phyto-meliorant plants (sea buckthorn, pine and etc.). The data on the dynamics of areas of disturbed and restored (reclaimed) land in the Kemerovo Area (Region) for the period from 2013 to 2017 are presented too. The main ways of solving environmental problems in the region are substantiated.
Keywords: Kemerovo Area (Region), environment (nature) management, disturbed land, recultivation, forest reclamation, phyto-meliorant plants.
Hydrotechnical structures of Russia as architectural objects
E.S. Argal, Prof.-Dr.Sc. (Engineer.), L.N. Ryzhankova, Can.Sc. (Engineer.), the Russian University of Friendship of Peoples
The special features of the architecture of the domestic water-engineering constructions, which work under various pressures, are examined. Also there is analyzed connection of hydraulic construction with the surrounding space. The need for examining such construction not only as technical objects, but also as the objects of the artistic perception is shown.
Keywords: hydraulic (water-engineering) constructions, environment, the architectural special features, artistic perception.
On the results of the conference «The current state of black soil», dedicated to the 140-th anniversary of S.А. Zakharov
O.S. Bezuglova, Prof.-Dr.Sc. (Biology), O.G. Nazarenko, Prof.-Dr.Sc. (Biology)
About the fundamental monograph on the biology of the central caucasian tour and its author
V.A. Chereshnev, the Chairman, the State Duma Committee on Science and High Technologies, the Academician, the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) and the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS)


text:
package com.notes;

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import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
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import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.HttpMultipartMode;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import com.google.appengine.api.blobstore.BlobstoreService;
import com.google.appengine.api.blobstore.BlobstoreServiceFactory;

public class ContentSaverServlet extends HttpServlet {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws IOException {

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
For two weeks during the summer, a university Mac lab served as a site of raised hands, red T-shirts, and the rolling laughter of twenty sixth grade girls learning to design with digital media. On the second day, six teachers responded to these raised hands to help girls complete a photo manipulation project in GIMP.
On one side of the room, a picture of a piece of pizza is driving people crazy: Lily is trying, for the umpteenth time, to cut the pizza from its background, to superimpose it over a collage of pictures—but she can't erase the background. She bangs the mouse down in frustration. Several camp teachers hover, bewildered. Why can she only erase to a white background, when all her other pictures will erase to a transparent background? Later research revealed that some images do not have an alpha channel, a mask over the normal red/green/blue channels that allows for the appearance of transparency. You can add an alpha channel, it turns out. But at the time, Lily is stuck with a shotgun approach. Try a different tool. Copy it instead of cutting it. Re-download the picture. Re-open it. Copy what's visible and paste it into a new document. And finally, success—after a half hour of mad clicking through menus, the pizza appears, sans background, in its full one-inch glory on her final collage.
The actual projects themselves vary wildly from girl to girl. In the middle of the room, a clump of girls are determined not to include pictures of themselves. Instead, they want to use pictures of their friends or fun text they find online (one reads "Keep Calm and Do Gymnastics"). The fact that girls want to use pictures of other people, but not themselves, doesn't quite fit the concept of "I Am." But we don't want to impose too much school-like direction, wanting girls to make design choices for themselves. Alternatively, there's Mia, in a corner, working diligently and carefully to cut out all possible background from the microphone that she wants to incorporate into a picture she took in Photobooth on the Mac desktop she is using. She wants her image to show that she loves singing, and she will use every last second possible to perfect the work before her. Others are pasting together images of themselves and friends with a found image on Google of "Unicorn Bacon" (actually some sort of sugary, rainbow-striped candy), using the University of Louisville cardinal logo as a background with a few selfies scattered about, or adding text and color to pictures they took earlier in the day proclaiming their status as "BEST FRIENDS FOREVER."
The convergence of individual perfectionists and social interaction sometimes involves teachers helping girls to get that pizza piece just right; at other times, we are largely outsiders to the girls' interactions and language choices. In the middle of the room, Emily shouts to Alexa, "You have to cut my face!" While they share a laugh, knowing they're talking about cropping out backgrounds, as teachers, we might be concerned (if there were any scissors in the room). Does it matter that Emily didn't use the word "crop," or name the tool specifically, if she's got the action and its function right? In a later interview, Naomi mirrors a similar moment of language use when she identifies her biggest frustration as "trying to photo edit," because she ended up "cutting...her whole face off" in the same program. Trying to change the background, Naomi describes her moment of greatest frustration during camp when "everything disappeared" and went to a "white screen." She doesn't use the word "background," yet she knows what she was trying to do and what happened—and remembers, too, that she raised her hand and received the help she needed. And "then it was fine."
What Is DMA? And Why Does It Matter?
We offer here a brief overview of the camp and our goals for it. In brief, we wanted DMA to provide girls an opportunity to create—rather than merely consume—digital texts. Twenty rising sixth grade girls participated, from two historically low-performing elementary schools in lower-income neighborhoods in Louisville. Using tablets, desktop computers, and digital cameras, girls learned, used, and played with image manipulation and video editing. We selected technologies that would give girls the opportunity to develop their projective identities, to imagine a technological place for themselves both within their projects and in their futures. We chose two focal technologies: the Mac-standard video-creation software iMovie and the free Photoshop-like image manipulation program GIMP. Since Sheridan and Rowsell (2010) identify strong support for social sharing as key to building architectures of participation for digital media literacy (pp. 46-7), we also asked girls to leave daily comments on the camp blog and share photos with one another on Instagram. Then, during the second week of DMA, girls designed group projects that proposed solutions to problems in relation to the camp's theme, Designing Your Future, and presented their projects to an audience of family, teachers, and university community members.
The primary exigency for DMA was the worsening underrepresentation of women in technology-related fields—and the particular risks for girls from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. A U.S. Department of Commerce study found that in 2009 women held just 27% of science and math jobs, a drop of three percentage points since 2000. Many researchers suggest this gap is the result of adolescent girls' tendencies to underestimate their own abilities and to have higher anxiety in science and technology (Andre, Whigham, Henrdickson, and Chambers, 1997; Britner and Parajes, 2005). Peggy Orenstein (1994) called this the "confidence gap," and her research has suggested that this anxiety and underestimation often begins in middle school. Furthermore, adolescents in low-income schools are also affected by what Henry Jenkins (2009) called "the participation gap"—they are much less likely than peers at wealthier schools to use technology outside of highly restricted academic applications, and thus much less likely to see themselves as participants in digital environments. Jenkins argued that, in our current cultural moment, children have "unequal access to the opportunities, experiences, skills, and knowledge that will prepare [them] for full participation in the world of tomorrow" (p. xii). More equitable digital participation, he argued, is how children and adolescents come to understand interface gestalts and develop creative technological problem-solving skills. Thus, DMA aimed to offer girls going into lower-income middle schools a chance to build technological confidence at a critical age, right before they were asked to make one of their first significant decisions about their educational futures: which elective classes to take in middle school.
We wanted DMA to be a confidence-building experience for girls that offered them two sets of possibilities: one as active bodies on a university campus where they might envision themselves, and another as thoughtful producers of digital texts. To address the former, we chose the theme, Design Your Future, as a way for girls to think about how they might pursue degrees and careers using technology in whatever futures they plan for themselves, whether as a wedding designer, soccer player, or student in an advanced math class in middle school. To emphasize the latter, we borrowed from composition's disciplinary emphasis on text creation as well as reading and critical analysis (see Selber, 2004). As a discipline, we make text creation the center of classroom learning based on a foundational understanding that students learn to write by writing. By extension, many scholars in our field have taken up a similar stance that students learn to compose for a range of audiences and contexts by composing in forms including but not limited to print-based text.
From our initial survey and participant interviews with DMA participants, we discovered girls often associated technology use in school with testing, gaming, or, at most, text consumption rather than any active creativity or design thinking associated with text creation. When asked in interviews about technology use in schools, girls often referenced "computer class," where the main objective was to use computer programs to complement curricular learning (e.g., "Cool Math"), not to engage in media creation. Further, our initial survey results indicated that, while the majority of girls at DMA had watched videos online, only two reported making their own videos. Yet every participant indicated a desire to make videos during camp. It was this fuller participation in digital spaces that DMA sought to encourage.
To help girls imagine themselves as active producers and participants in digital spaces, we turned to the scholarship of Gee (2004) and Selber (2004) as theoretical frameworks. First, we used Gee's projective identities as the trajectory for how we hoped girls would participate in digital design. Gee (2004) characterized projective identities in two parts: as acts of projecting values and desires, and of seeing these projections as projects in the making (p. 112). The goal is for learners to see these acts "as their own project in the making—an identity they take on that entails a certain trajectory through time defined by their own values, desires, choices, and goals" (Gee, 2004, p. 114). For DMA, we hoped that girls would imagine future identities as capable, confident creators in and through digital projects. To trace these identities in the making, we used Selber's (2004) framework from Multiliteracies for a Digital Age. Based on Selber's categories, we developed three objectives for girls: to be users (functional literacy), questioners (critical literacy), and producers (rhetorical literacy) of digital media. We hoped that, through play and collaboration, girls would participate in Purdy's (2014) approaches to design thinking: not only in analysis but also in synthesis, designing their futures in and through digital texts that might "shape the future and motivate the ways in which we (learn to) represent and communicate" (p. 626).
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Purdy, J. P. (2014). What can design thinking offer writing studies?. College Composition and Communication, 65(4), 612-641.
Rickly, R. (2007). Messy contexts: Research as a rhetorical situation." In H.A. McKee and D. N. DeVoss (eds.), Digital writing research: Technologies, methodologies, and ethical issues (pp. 377-97). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
Ridolfo, J., Rife, M.C., Leon, K., Diehl, A. Grabill, J., Walls, D., & Pigg, S. (2011). Collaboration and graduate student professionalization in a digital humanities research center. In L. McGrath (ed), Collaborative approaches to the digital in English studies (pp. 113-57). Computers and Composition Digital Press. Retrieved from: http://ccdigitalpress.org/ebooks-and-projects/cad
Selber, S. (2004). Multiliteracies for a digital age. Urbana, IL: Conference on College Composition and Communication, National Council of Teachers of English.
Selfe, C. L. (1999). Technology and literacy in the twenty-first century: The importance of paying attention. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois Press.
Selfe, C.L., and Hawisher, G.E. (2007). Gaming lives in the twenty-first century: Literate connections. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Sheridan, M.P., and Rowsell, J. (2010). Design literacies: Learning and innovation in the digital age. London: Routledge.
Vygotsky, L. (2012). Thought and language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Yancey, K. B. (2004). Made not only in words: Composition in a new key. College Composition and Communication, 56(2) 297-328.
Yancey, K. B. (2009). Re-designing graduate education in composition and rhetoric: The use of remix as concept, material, and method. Computers & Composition, 26(1).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Dictionary of Agronomy is a comprehensive compilation of the terminology used in agronomy. It covers the whole range of agronomical terms and includes ..
The term dictionary for a layman means a reference book that consists of a list of words along with their meanings. And, when one talks of a dictionar ..


endoprotease has a key role in regulating central metabolism, cellular aging, and morphological transitions important for growth and survival. Ssy5 is a core component of the Ssy1–Ptr3-Ssy5 (SPS) sensor, which enables yeast cells to respond to extracellular amino acids and induce their uptake. Ssy5 cleaves transcription factors Stp1 and Stp2, permitting their translocation to the nucleus where they enhance the expression of amino acid permease genes. This thesis focuses on Ssy5, its biogenesis and catalytic properties (paper I), the spatial determinants underlying Ssy5 function in SPS-sensor context (paper II) and substrate cleavage (paper III).
the sequence specific requirements of their cleavage. The uniquely large prodomain (381 amino acids) has two essential functions. Initially, it is required in cis for the maturation of the Cat-domain, helping to overcome a folding barrier that is reflected in the high stability of the Cat-domain. Subsequent to attaining enzymatic competence, Ssy5 undergoes an autolytic cleavage event. The domains remain associated and the prodomain functions to fetter the proteolytic activity of the Cat-domain.
using mutational and subcellular fractionation experiments we critically examined this notion that is inconsistent with the current understanding of Ssy5 activation, i.e., the unfettering of the Cat-domain occurs in strict association with Ssy1 at the PM. The data show that Ssy1 is indeed a PM protein, and importantly, Ssy5-activation occurs independent of ERPM junctions. A di-acidic ER exit motif was identified that is critical for proper PM localization and function of Ssy1. In paper III, we report that the Cat-domain is post-translationally modified in a manner dependent on Ptr3 and the PM casein kinase I (Yck1/2), consistent with Ssy5 activation occurring at the PM. Strikingly, the activated Cat-domain is capable of properly cleaving Stp1 fused to an ER membrane protein. The amino acid-induced cleavage of this artificial membranebound substrate occurs in a Δtether strain (ist2Δ scs2Δ scs22Δ tcb1Δ tcb2Δ tcb3Δ) lacking ER-PM junctions. These findings indicate that the activated Cat-domain can bind and functionally interact with substrates distant from the PM. Finally, we show that the Cat-domain is degraded faster in amino acid-induced cells. These findings provide novel insights into the SPS-sensing pathway and demonstrate for the first time that the resetting of the SPS-sensing system correlates with Catdomain degradation.
specificity, subcellular fractionation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


Chicken is currently my favourite thing, I say that with a big grin on!. If you haven't heard of Dobby's signature, which rock have you been living under? I found this awesome recipe on Monday and I'll be trying it over the weekend but before then, I have decided to share my awesome find with you.
Step 1: Remove the seeds from the red and green bell peppers, rinse and chop them into long strips – Set this aside. Chop one onion and the green beans into large chunks – Set this aside.
Step 2: Since we'd be making a saucy stir fry we'd need to prepare the base from chicken stock. To do this, you chop the chicken into smaller pieces while separating the bone from the fleshy part. To prepare the chicken stock, rinse and place the chopped chicken into a pot. You can also add the separated bone and remove it later on.


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Online divorce and probate set for early 2017, Munby says
Munby: proceedings to begin with online questionnaire
Online divorce and probate are set to be delivered under the courts modernisation programme by early 2017, the president of the Family Division has said.
Addressing the Family Law Bar Association, Sir James Munby also called on barristers to adopt new working practices, including direct access, unbundling and fixed fees.
Sir James said that, in the future, proceedings would begin in many cases with a lay person filling in a questionnaire.
"The applicant – and remember, the applicant will increasingly be a lay person bereft of professional assistance – will not fill in an online application form but an online questionnaire capturing all the relevant information while at the same time being much more user-friendly.
"Some processes will be almost entirely digitised: early examples will be digital online probate and digital online divorce, both planned for at least initial implementation early in 2017.
"Some proceedings will be conducted almost entirely online, even down to and including the final hearing."
In his speech last week, Sir James described the courts modernisation programme as a "visionary programme of ambition unprecedented anywhere in the world".
Echoing the words of the Lord Chief Justice at the justice select committee last month, Sir James said the future digital court would need an "entirely new set of rules" and an "entirely new and radical approach" to how rules were formulated.
He said the current Non-Contentious Probate Rules used "archaic and sometimes impenetrable language", while the Family Procedure Rules, like their civil counterparts, were a "masterpiece of traditional, if absurdly over elaborate, drafting".
Describing both the Red and White Books as "fit only for the bonfire", Sir James said "much that is currently embodied in rules will in future simply be embedded in the software of the digital court".
He promised a "radical revision" of court forms and court orders, which would be standardised and digitised.
"We must have proper wifi access in courts, to avoid the farce of counsel having to leave the building to find a spot on the pavement outside where they can communicate with the court.
"Given the marvels of modern IT, why should we not be able to hand every litigant in all but the most complex cases a sealed order before they leave the courtroom?"
Sir James called on family barristers to "embrace with enthusiasm" new and "where appropriate" different working practices.
"Keep to the substance of your craft, but be prepared to jettison what is only form. Cleave to the essentials. If necessary, abandon the inessentials.
"Make the most of direct access. Make the most of the barrister's equivalent of what the solicitor knows as unbundled legal services. Consider the offer of guaranteed fixed fees.
"Embrace the opportunities for advocacy in the context of the ever-expanding range of non-court dispute resolution services – arbitration in particular.
"This is a time for courage but also for optimism. The civilised world has always needed lawyers. The civilised world has always needed and, I am sure, will always need advocates."
Online Court
Jonathan Maskew says:
More direct access to a barrister, unbundling and fixed fees, all part of our aim and delivery strategy for clients at ShenSmith Barristers where "Disruptive Innovation" ensures clients receive cost effective legal advice and have control of their legal spend.
For further detials then please visit our website http://www.shensmithbarristers.co.uk


Here's a concept for a movie: Introduce a predator that has such acute hearing that if you so much as step on a creaky floor board, you're dead. Now, add to that a husband and wife with children who are all in the terrible everything-they-do-is-noisy phase. Sounds pretty terrifying, right? But wait, there's more. The wife, she's pregnant.
In a nut shell, that is the plot for A Quiet Place, a thriller starring real life husband and wife, Emily Blunt and John Krasinski.
Now, I called the movie a thriller for a reason. It's not a horror movie, though the trailer might suggest otherwise. Think of it as an extreme survival story with sign language. I wasn't kidding when I said that people couldn't make noise. Almost the entire film is shot without dialogue, but what it does do is make incredible use of sign language and ambient sounds to create the tensest atmosphere on screen that I can recall seeing in quite some time. Not going to lie, I jumped. A lot. Mostly because the movie keeps you dialed in from the first moment that you see what the family is up against.
Overall, I liked the movie and found it entertaining. The acting by Blunt and Krasinski, who also directed the film, was compelling and very moving. The fact that they pulled off this level of introspection without words is just fantastic.
The one gripe I have about the film comes in the form of their children. That's not to say the actors playing the kids weren't good. They did a good job with what they were given, but oh my god, the irritation with their characters was next level insane. It's a post-apocalyptic world all right. You've seen a lot of really terrible stuff, so how about we ditch the adolescent angst that puts everyone in danger and just behave. There were points where I was literally yelling at the screen, because the kids were being so irritating (read stupid). Before you think I must have ruined the film for others watching, rest assured I was at a closed preview with others who were yelling too.
Another small gripe is that the film tips its hand a little early in one part, and the audience is now aware of something vital to the film before the characters. It's about twenty minutes before the character is brought up to speed, and the agony of waiting for them to put the bloody pieces together is… well, irritating to put it mildly.
There is one more thing about this movie, currently playing at the local theatre, that may be of interest to those wanting to see it. The film takes place on a farm and a little over halfway through it, there is a scene with grain silo. When I saw it I thought, "Wow, Iowans are going to be able to relate to this sequence." Turns out, there is a reason for that. The writers of the film, Bryan Woods and Scott Beck are both Iowa natives. According to Produce Iowa, the office for film in Iowa, both Woods and Beck are from the Bettendorf area. An event was shared on Produce Iowa's Facebook page about a special screening of the film in Davenport, on Saturday April 7, where the writers will be doing a question-and-answer panel after the film. Within a day of posting this to Facebook, Produce Iowa had to update the event to "sold out." It's nice to see Iowa writers making a name for themselves, especially with something as visual and as unique as this movie.


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Home > Medical Services > Orthopedics > A novel option for chronic wrist pain
Hand, Wrist & Elbow Care
Shoulder Care
Hip & Knee Care
Falmouth Orthopedics
A novel option for chronic wrist pain
The wrist pain bothered Robert Romano for six years. First, he had to quit playing guitar. Eventually it hurt to do something as simple as combing his hair.
When the pain finally became unbearable, he discussed options with his doctor, which led to a meeting with Brian Najarian, MD, a Hyannis orthopedic surgeon who specializes in hand surgery. The introduction finally led to some relief.
In August, Romano became one of the first people in Massachusetts to undergo a partial wrist replacement using the new WristMotion® implant. The result: "I feel like a million bucks," said Romano, 67, of South Yarmouth.
The procedure resurfaces the capitate, the largest bone in the wrist, with two pieces: a cap made of cobalt chromium and a taper post made of titanium alloy.
"It's definitely one of the more novel things I've been able to incorporate into my practice over the years," said Dr. Najarian of Cape Cod Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine. "It's allowed me to offer an option to patients that wasn't available before and gets better results."
First in Massachusetts
Dr. Najarian was the first doctor in Massachusetts to perform the procedure, according to a representative from Arthrosurface, the maker of the WristMotion® implant. He has performed the surgery seven times since January.
The procedure is intended for middle-aged and elderly people with wrist arthritis, he said. It helps relieve pain for people with SLAC (scaphoid lunate advanced collapse), a form of arthritis that results from an old ligament injury or wrist sprain.
"From their X-rays and their histories, we can see they had a wrist sprain maybe 15 or 20 years earlier that was never treated," said Dr. Najarian. "It changed the wear patterns of the cartilage in the wrist and they eventually developed wrist arthritis."
The implant changes the shape of the bone to mimic the natural anatomy of the bone that was there, he added.
"You're not replacing the whole bone. You're resurfacing the arthritic end of it, so it integrates with the bone and becomes part of it."
For many patients, the best previous option was fusion, which has "challenges and complications," according to Dr. Najarian.
"When you try to fuse bones together, it involves putting hardware into the wrist and trying to get the bones to grow together. Often that requires taking bone graft from other parts of the body, and there are some morbidity or pain problems associated with doing that.
"With this implant, the range of motion results that I'm seeing are better than they were after fusions. People want to maintain wrist motion but get rid of their arthritic wrist pain," he said.
It takes under an hour to perform the outpatient surgery. Patients wear a splint for several weeks and then begin physical therapy while wearing a brace. They typically show great progress within three months of the surgery and have continued, gradual improvement for up to a year, said Dr. Najarian.
This type of implant is new, so there's no long-term data yet, but he said implants for other procedures last 15 to 20 years.
"I would assume that this would last at least that long or longer possibly," he said.
For Romano, who works as an oil burner technician, the surgery on his right hand has been life-changing.
"It got to the point where I couldn't use my hand anymore," he said. "The pain from the arthritis was just unbelievable. It would just shoot all the way up my arm.
"I played horseshoes five weeks after the surgery and played my guitar, which I couldn't play in years, after six weeks. There's no pain, so I think it worked out pretty good."
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Running clubs are an important part of an athlete's personal development. Clubs are structured and developed around supporting the athlete at any stage throughout their running life.
Clubs aren't just for elites, but welcoming to any enthusiastic runner, so if you're looking to join a running club in your area, for whatever reason, if it's for fitness, for health, to make friends, to compete, then please do go along to one of the many great groups below.
By no means are we endorsing or recommending these clubs, but rather informing you of clubs in the local area, if this is something that interests you.
Have we missed any? Would your club like to feature on our page found here? Feel free to email us at: special.events@swansea.gov.uk.


Arapera Blank was one of New Zealand's first bilingual poets and the first Maori writer to win a Katherine Mansfield Award in 1959.
This extraordinary hard-cover book showcases her poetry, short fiction and essays written over thirty years, and includes photography from her Swiss husband Pius Blank. Both now deceased the book is a tribute to a glamorous aesthetic and vision for biculturalism and feminism.
Arapera Hineira Kaa Blank was a Māori poet and teacher. Born and raised in Rangitukia in the northeast of New Zealand's North Island, she was one of a small group of Māori writers writing in English during the 1950s. In 1959 she was awarded a special Katherine Mansfield Memorial award for her essay Ko taku kumara hei wai-u mo taku whanau. She was married to Swiss-born Pius Blank for 44 years and had two children, Marino and Anton. For the last ten years of her working life Arapera taught te reo at Auckland Girls' Grammar School where the girls knew her as Ma Blank.


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Fonge, Cinella make marks on division III track's grandest stage
By Will Penney
Senior Jackie Cinella was one of two athletes to represent UR at NCAAs this past weekend. Courtesy of Rochester Athletic Department.
Seniors Yaneve Fonge and Jackie Cinella traveled to Columbus, Ohio over spring break to compete in the NCAA Division III National Championships on behalf of the women's track and field team on Friday, March 11.
Fonge continued her unstoppable streak of record breaking — her throw of 19.24 meters in the 20-lb. weight throw was her career best and crushed her previous personal best (and school record) of 18.92 meters that was set the week before at the ECAC championships.Fonge's throw earned her second place and was the fourth farthest throw in the history of Division III. She was second to the defending champion Holly Oshkosh of the University of Wisconsin Oshkock, who won with a throw of 20.62 meters.
Fonge won the weight throw in both the New York state Collegiate Track Conference Championship and the ECAC Championship meets.
Cinella competed in the 800-meter run and finished fifth in her heat with a time of 2:16.57. Unfortunately, her eleventh-place finish overall wasn't enough to qualify her for the finals (she was seeded fifteenth entering the event). Cinella finished first in the 800 at the NYSCTC and anchored the winning 4×400-meter relay. She also finished third at the ECAC championships last week.
Penney is a member of
the class of 2012.
Pep-less in Seattle
If greatness, achievement, or Ohio State's Best Damn Band In The Land tickles your fancy, ditch those high hopes for rugby and a worn-out kazoo.
Blackout in a can: a brief history of Four Loko
By Carter Hasenoehrl on Jan 29, 2023
"Blackout in a can," "The pregame and postgame," and "Battery acid" are all terms that have been used in reference to potentially the most infamous drink.


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Cover Story | Economy
Better Days Are Ahead
Investment is recovering and so will the economy
Ashok V Desai Ashok V Desai | 06 Sep, 2019
(Illustration: Saurabh Singh)
FOR YEARS, the economy had slipped out of public discussion. It kept growing at 7 or 8 per cent year after year. Imports zoomed ahead of exports, but reserves were comfortable, so no one was bothered. Public finances grew comfortably, so even if the finance minister showered favours on party favourites, no one complained. He also starved his predecessors' favourite progressive expenditure programmes, but the Congress was so withered that it could not hurt the ruling party. The government took care to maintain difficult relations with our western neighbour; that kept the patriotic fires burning, and tainted dissent with the hues of treason. Regional parties gave up fighting the behemoth ruling party, and lurched between tolerance and cooperation. Indians abandoned the political games they were so fond of, and contented themselves with cricket.
This atmosphere of bonhomie has been recently disturbed by complaints about the state of the economy. The most vehement attack was launched by the last Prime Minister, who also led his party to a painful defeat. He was a distinguished economist before he rose in his party's hierarchy and finally headed the Government for a decade. So his criticism is not just conventional political aggression; it is worth looking more seriously at his allegations.
He pointed to incontrovertible evidence of the falling overall economic growth rate, and alleged that it was nowhere near ending: the economy was "in the midst of a prolonged slowdown". He modestly omitted to say that under his prime ministership, the economy witnessed the highest growth rates recorded in India's history, and led the world as one of the fastest-growing countries year after year. When he departed, that remarkable record ended, and the growth rate came down progressively, which he blamed on his successor's "all-round mismanagement". He specified the Government's blunders of demonetisation and poor implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), and accused it of vendetta politics.
He pointed out the poor growth of tax revenue and said that it was leading to "tax terrorism": taxpayers were being harassed, and as a result, investors did not want to sink capital into new capacity. The dire state of the automobile industry is known to everyone; in addition, he said many were losing their jobs in the informal sector. He referred to the current Government's reversal of his regime's practice of buying up millions of tonnes of wheat and rice at prices raised every year, and said that while inflation had come down as the current Government boasted, farmers were suffering. It had recalculated GDP to show a huge rise in growth under its rule; that had thrown doubt on India's official data. The Central Government's raid on the accumulated savings of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), with no plan to use them, had eroded the central bank's autonomy and would test its resilience. Whilst the tone of Manmohan Singh's attack was undoubtedly partisan, the facts on which he based it are incontestable; the only question that a dissenter can raise is whether he ignored important facts that went against his premise.
I will not dissent or agree with him; and as I said, the facts he cited are incontrovertible. I want to look at the basic economic statistics to see what story they tell. In Singh's view, the economy is going from bad to worse; this is what I shall try to test against official statistics. If he is right, they should show progressive economic deterioration.
First, a word on statistical method. All the economic debate in this country is based on year-on-year rates of change: one takes the latest available figure, divides it by the corresponding figure a year ago, and gets the percentage change to it over the year. There is nothing wrong with this, but all figures are affected by sudden events: the housing market may slump because banks cut down on loans, cotton mills may start doing badly because Thais beat Bangladeshis in the world textile market and the latter start buying less Indian yarn, Italy may lose revenue from tourists because Vesuvius starts spewing out lava, and so on. Such events, which do not repeat themselves regularly, do affect economic statistics. They cannot be predicted; nor can their impact on future statistics. The only factors we can look for with any certainty are those that repeat themselves from time to time.
I have used one way of getting past accidental events. Annual growth rates need not be based only on two figures a year apart. One can take the ratio of two figures two years apart, calculate its square root, and get the two-year growth rate. I have calculated four growth rates from year-on-year to three-year; that way I get four views on the growth rate, and catch it if the year-on-year growth rate is behaving funnily. I also use calendar years, and not the financial years that the Government is addicted to. So I can be brief and commonsense: I can talk about 2015 instead of 2014-2015 or 2015-2016.
Let me begin by looking at growth in gross value added (GVA). I would have liked to show GDP growth, but fashion has changed: the Indian statistical authorities have started publishing figures of GVA instead of GDP. The difference is generally small, but small differences in absolute figures can give huge differences in rates of change, which is what we are looking at. So my conclusions may be coloured by the whims of official statistics, but there is nothing I can do about it.
Figure 1 shows a clear falling trend in the growth rate. The one-year growth rate shows a dramatic fall from 8 per cent in 18Q2—that is, April-June 2018—to 4.9 per cent in 19Q2. Longer periods show less drastic falls; the three-year rate hardly falls at all. But all the series show a fall, and all date its beginning to a year ago.
The cycle is different in different sectors. Agriculture was in dire straits in 2014 and 2015; its growth was close to zero (Figure 2). Then it started rising, and was close to 4 per cent towards the end of 2018. Its year-on-year growth has collapsed from 6.5 per cent in 18Q1 to 0.1 per cent most recently. It is greatly affected by weather, so we cannot say that this is the trend. But the low recent growth is real; it is reflected in the bad news we are getting about agriculture. Farmers are in trouble; they are not marching just for drama. In my view, two things happened. First, India passed from food deficit to surplus: it began to produce much more of foodgrains than it was prepared to eat. The Indian custom is that wheat and rice—not other foodgrains—are bought up by the Food Corporation of India (FCI) and left to rot in godowns. The BJP Government did not give the FCI enough money to buy up the rising surplus; and the FCI also ran out of storage capacity and was happy to stop buying. So farmers produced the grains, and were forced to see them rot at home. No wonder they were upset. Second, the grains could not be exported because Indian prices were too high. I do not know if the Government saw this. It has been lackadaisical about price support. But the prices did not collapse to the level of international prices, at which businessmen would have started exporting them—if the Government had allowed them. Briefly, the Government has been inept and inactive at a time when the situation was changing and required rapid action.
Industry has been growing at 6-8 per cent since 2013 (Figure 3). But the growth rate has trended down since early 2018. Industry was unpleasantly surprised by the recent slowdown: its inventories started growing, it needed finance, and no one was willing to lend to it because it could not repay earlier loans. In my view, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has killed off the equity market by over-regulating it; so industry has become unduly dependent on debt. And borrowing is inconsistent with the characteristic instability of industrial growth, which can be accommodated only if there is enough equity to bear the losses in bad times. So industry faces a structural problem thanks to SEBI and the financial markets; its slowdown is not cyclical, and it cannot be revived without radical structural reforms.
Let me now come to services—the dominant sector, accounting for two-thirds of the economy. It was growing at a fantastic rate of 10-11 per cent; it peaked in 2014 (Figure 4). Then its growth came down, and stabilised at about 7.5 per cent. The latest figures suggest that it may be falling further, to 6 per cent or less, but we cannot be sure. If it grew at 6 per cent and the rest of the economy did not grow at all, the overall growth rate would come down to 4 per cent. This is the lowest that growth in the coming years is likely to reach.
But growth by itself tells one nothing about the state of industry. The services industries have their own crises. Software exports are collapsing because the American information technology industry is coming to a halt. Other things are happening, but we cannot be sure what because the Indian press reports virtually nothing about the domestic services industry.
What about the external sector? There has been little change. None of the current account figures—exports of goods or services, imports, software exports, inward remittances—show any trend, upward or downward (Table A). Portfolio investment shows some instability, but the capital account figures—capital flows, NRI deposits—show no trend (Table B). India ran a current account deficit throughout, but more than enough capital inflows flowed in to finance it (Table C).
So then—what caused the current slowdown? Consumption growth peaked at a fantastic 12.5 per cent at the end of 2016 and has come down a bit since; but its trend rate remains a high 8 per cent (Figure 5). It is investment growth that collapsed: there was overinvestment in the early years of Congress rule, and investment growth was down to zero by 2013 (Figure 6). It has been fluctuating since 2016; but there is a well-hidden, underlying upward trend. Investment is recovering—and so will the economy, irrespective of whether Manmohan Singh rules or Narendra Modi. Better times are coming.
GDP growthGSTIndian economyindustryservices
Ashok V Desai
Ashok V Desai is an itinerant economist. He was the Chief Consultant to the Ministry of Finance
MJ Akbar Narendra Modi has formulated a cogent policy towards Pakistan: ignore the state and punish the rogue terrorist
Joshimath: Once Upon a Town
Rahul Pandita When the earth cracked open to reveal the inevitability of a Himalayan blunder
V Shoba Over a hundred startups are putting India on the road to becoming a major player in the global space economy. Their services range from building rockets, providing rideshares for micro and small satellites to launching space balloons for tourism, streaming live HD video from satellites and more


The US currency weakened against a basket of major currencies. The US dollar index (#DX) closed in the negative zone (-0.18%). Yesterday, the US producer price index was published, which counted to 0.2% in September, as investors expected.
Today, investors will assess a report on inflation in the United States, which may affect the Fed's views on further interest rate raising, as well as the dynamics of currency majors in the short term.
The British pound strengthened against the US dollar in the hope that the UK and the EU would soon conclude an agreement on Brexit. Weak economic data from the UK did not prevent the growth of the pound. Thus, the UK GDP counted to 0.0% and was worse than the forecasted value of 0.1%. The volume of production in the UK manufacturing industry fell by -0.2% in August, while investors expected a growth of 0.1%.
The "black gold" prices have been declining. At the moment, futures for the WTI crude oil are testing a mark of $72.20 per barrel. At 18:00 (GMT+3:00) a report on the US crude oil inventories will be published.
Yesterday, aggressive sales were observed in the US stock market: #SPY (-3.17%), #DIA (-3.09%), #QQQ (-4.40%).
The 10-year US government bonds yield moved away from local highs. At the moment, the indicator is at the level of 3.16-3.17%.
- Report on inflation in the US at 15:30 (GMT+3:00).


God gives us gifts in His perfect way. I realize that there is conflict in our intrepretation of perfect versus God's definition of perfect. I think perfect got lost in translation. I think all perfect has an implied (for you) immediately afterwards. Perfect is beyond what imperfect people like us could ever imagine here on Earth.
Imagine looking around now and realizing that everything was perfect. Not clean or put away perfect. A deeper, bigger, broader, truer perfect. How would that feel? Take a breath, close your eyes and really picture it. It's a relief isn't it? Why can't that be real? At this moment for me, it is real. I need to find a way to hold onto it.
Today I contemplated writing a different book because I came to the realization that I am a WORLD EXPERT on a topic. It's called, How to Sweat the Small Things, Which really makes me mad that I'm so good at it-- because I don't believe in it in the first place!
And like anything else, the more I sweated, the more I found things to make me sweat --to prove I was right. Negative me is ALWAYS right. DON'T MESS WITH NEGATIVE ME. It started with a Summer schedule mix-up. Grey's summer program preschool started today, and he needed to be picked up at the same time Parker was doing at home therapy. WHAT AM I GOING TO DO?!!! I wondered. It was like you had just told me I was losing a leg. Luckily the husband jumped in and saved the day, but after that it was like I was hard wired to jump at every little friction. Tightly wound. I had to remind myself to just breath. He brought Grey to school and I brought Doodle to speech.
Parker goes to Speech Therapy one hour, two times a week. We would go every day if we could.
Parker was finally able to point at home tonight for the first time. It's a slow moving process. Often times when a Spectrum kid learns something in a classroom environment, it doesn't initially translate into real world settings. That's called generalization. It's something we work on daily.
I love how he opens his mouth any time he feeds me or a toy.
I tried to keep Parker up long enough this afternoon to experience Trash Truck Wednesday, but he wasn't having it. Everything was coming down to the wire. I was packing a little goodie bad for Frankie our driver Friend while Greyson was in front of me in the pool.
Grey slyly takes off his trunks and proceeds to poop the pool. I am at a loss as to what to do... I haven't dealt with anything like this before in my entire Life. I did NOT learn how to deal with this while attending approximately 5 years of college. That must be a topic covered in the 6th year.
Oh I know, Brilliant. I'll look in my Parenting Handbook. Certainly that will let me know the appropriate way to fish poo out of the pool. People are always talking about how they didn't receive a guidebook or manual on how to parent, but I did! You can totally borrow it. It's not very good though- they didn't even mention poo even one single time in the entire book. If you are a parent of a fur or human baby, you know that poo is a BIG part of it.
I jump in the pool attempting to fish out the poo without stirring up the water too much. It was all over, deep end, shallow end. Since I wasn't in the mood for pink eye today, I wasn't about to go under water with my eyes open to fish it out. So I try to gently grab dissolving poo with my feet under the water and fish it to the surface.
At the time I was HORRIFIED and ANGRY and now it is HILARIOUS. Funny how time makes that happen. Next time I'm going to just try and avoid the horrified and go right for the hilarious. It's not always easy to do in the moment.
It all worked out, Friend. It always does.
And look at the awesome shirt we got from Aunt Lisa today! Thank you Sister.
Frank has become a favorite part of our week, as well as a friend in my heart. We exchange emails and he makes me laugh and cry. The world teaches me, and I am so grateful when I'm able to generalize those messages into my heart and into my mind. Once upon a time I may have said I was better than a "Trash Man". I would have said I was LESS THAN someone with a better house or more money. I was LESS THAN someone who was skinnier or prettier than me.
I am not BETTER than anyone who is kind... which also means that no one is better than me for the things I mentioned above either...which is so freeing to feel.
I am perfect (for me) just the way I am.
Can we make this a blog sharing kind of day? SHARE ME with your Friends and visit us on FACEBOOK!!! Help me make it to 2,500 FRIENDS today! Thank you for all your love and words and comments. YOU ROCK OUR WORLD!!!
"WHAT AM I GOING TO DO?!!!" ... you had me at 'hello', but those words put me right in your shoes. You write in a way that draws me into your world. Thank you.
PS - I don't even know what year of college I am working on, but so far "No" on what to do when your toddler poops in the pool. I'll keep ya posted.
I love your blog. I'm a work-out-of-home mom with two typical kids. They're 4 and 2, so similar to your boys in age, but the challenges they present to me are different from the ones you face. Anyway - even though much of my day-to-day existence as a mom is not the same as yours, I relate to SO MUCH that you write about. Your perspective is so great for all kinds of parents and people, and I look forward to it everyday. Thank you so much for sharing, and for helping us all find humor and celebration in everyday moments.
I found your blog because you declared it share day and I thoroughly enjoyed what I've read so far but I must know -- what did you do with the poo?!?! Because this is how life works, I know that POO in our POOL will now happen within 3 days...so what did you do?! Scoop it out and drain the pool, scrub with bleach and refill.
One of my grandbabies thought poo was an art medium ... had to throw a pack and play away because of the artwork! Guess replacing the pool is not an option. I love your attitude, and you make me a better person just by sharing your story. Love you and your precious family.


text:
Q: How to disable an input field according to another selected field value from "combo list " using Python/PySimpleGUI? Dears,
How to disable a input field according to another select field value Python/PySimpleGUI.
Here's the aim of this script : Once an Entry is selected from first "Combo list", it will disable the corresponding entery , either the 2nd or 3rd or both , below is an attempt for my script to achieve that, Unfortunately need additional adjustement in events loop to make it happen. Could you please support on that :
import PySimpleGUI as sg

 layout = [

[sg.Text('Filed 1:', size=(15,1)), sg.Combo(['DisableField2', 'DisableField3',
'DisableField2&3'], size=(25, 1), key='FIELD1')],
[sg.Text('Field 2:', size=(15,1)), sg.Input(key='FIELD2', size=(25,1))],
[sg.Text('Field 3:', size=(15,1)), sg.Input(key='FIELD3', size=(25,1))],
],

window = sg.Window('MAIN',  layout, finalize=True,element_justification='c')

while True:
event, values = window.read()
print(event, values)

if event == sg.WIN_CLOSED or event == 'Exit':
    break

elif event == 'FIELD1':
    window['FIELD1'].update(result2.upper())
    if event == 'DisableField2':
        window['FIELD2'].update(disabled=True)
    elif event == 'DisableField3':
        window['FIELD3'].update(disabled=True)
    elif event == 'DisableField2&3':
        window['FIELD2'].update(disabled=True)
        window['FIELD2'].update(disabled=True)
window.close()

A: With method update(disabled=True) of element to disable element.
The event will be the key 'FILED1' of the Combo element when enable_events=True.
The decision for which element to be disabled is by the value of Combo element, values['FIELD1'], not by the event.
import PySimpleGUI as sg

settings = ['DisableField2', 'DisableField3', 'DisableField2&3']

layout = [
    [sg.Text('Filed 1:'), sg.Combo(settings, size=10, expand_x=True, enable_events=True, key='FIELD1')],
    [sg.Text('Field 2:'), sg.Input(key='FIELD2', size=25, disabled_readonly_background_color="Gray")],
    [sg.Text('Field 3:'), sg.Input(key='FIELD3', size=25, disabled_readonly_background_color="Gray")],
]
window = sg.Window('MAIN',  layout, finalize=True, element_justification='c')

while True:

    event, values = window.read()

    if event == sg.WIN_CLOSED or event == 'Exit':
        break

    print(event, values)

    if event == 'FIELD1':
        setting = values[event]
        if setting == 'DisableField2':
            window['FIELD2'].update(disabled=True)
            window['FIELD3'].update(disabled=False)
        elif setting == 'DisableField3':
            window['FIELD2'].update(disabled=False)
            window['FIELD3'].update(disabled=True)
        elif setting == 'DisableField2&3':
            window['FIELD2'].update(disabled=True)
            window['FIELD3'].update(disabled=True)

window.close()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Andrew Seaman
Nebraska Senate Kills MMJ Legalization Bill
Thu / May 16th
Nebraska state senators have tabled medical cannabis legislation, effectively killing it, after hours of debate on the Senate floor and even after the bill's sponsor agreed to suggested amendments limiting the program's available products and delivery methods.
Medical cannabis legislation is dead in Nebraska even after the bill sponsor agreed to all of the opposition's amendments to limit the products and delivery methods that would be allowed under the regime, the Lincoln Journal-Star reports. The measure did get hours of Senate floor debate before being pushed from the chamber's agenda.
"Honestly, this was my colleagues' chance to do something, and I was giving them the decision on whether they wanted to take action or not." — Sen. Anna Wishart, the bill sponsor, to the Journal-Star
Wishart had worked with opponents of the measure and eliminated the home-growing and smoking provisions provided in the original version of the bill. She said she also would have supported a ban on edibles if it would have helped get the measure approved.
Opponents argued that cannabis products have not been approved by the federal Food and Drug Administration, warned of the dangers of drug-impaired driving, and other dangers associated with cannabis. One prohibition group, Moms Against Marijuana, brought in a physician who moved to the state from Colorado who said that after recreational legalization in Colorado about "a quarter" of her patients were suddenly "daily users."
Gov. Pete Ricketts also opposed the bill, arguing that medicinal legalization will allow the cannabis industry to put down roots in the state and "pressure to legalize recreational use" will follow.
Wishart indicated that she, along with state Sen. Adam Morfeld, have already started gathering signatures for a petition initiative to get the issue on 2020 general election ballots. While Wishart gave the legislative path as 30 percent chances of success, she gives a voter initiative an 80 percent chance – and a successful ballot initiative measure would give less control over the law by the Legislature.
Ballot Initiatives
Cannabis Policy Medical Marijuana News
THCV: The Next CBD?
Wed / May 15th
What Medical Conditions Qualify for a Medical Marijuana Prescription?
Five Traits for Employment in the Cannabis Industry
Sun / Sep 11th


When It gets exposed to plenty of sunlight, the leaves ringing its body begin to spin around. This Pokémon's dancing is renowned in the southern lands.
Oddish is the unevolved form, It first evolves into it's First Evolution using 25 Candy. Then it evolves into it's Final Evolution using 100 Candy. Their primary scaling attribute is Attack.
Where Do I find Bellossom Spawn Locations?
You can find and catch it in spawn locations like Parks, Farmland and Grassy Areas Locations.


Scare the creepers away at night with this light up Diamond Ore light.
Stand out from the competition in your next stream with these mobile app enabled glow accessories.
Yet another reason to not want to get up. Sit back and relax in this leather reclining chair for those 24 hours gaming streams!
What does this mean to "pause" a game? Let everyone know your wife forced you out of the house with this basic T.


Click here to view filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
To view SEC filings in PDF format please use the links below. To receive a hard copy of the 2015 Form 10-K free of charge, please email GELinfo@genlp.com or call 1-800-284-3365.


Which Pinup Girl Are You?
Q. What color hair do you have?
How big of a Britney Spears fan are you?
How big of a Britney Spears fan are you? Take our fun quiz and find out.
Take our fun quiz and find out which Halloween candy you are!
Which Disney Princess are you? Find out with our fun quiz.
Are You A Sherlock Fan?
How much of a Sherlock fan are you? Take this fun quiz and find out.
Would you be a good candidate for the Scout Regiment?
Would you be a good candidate for the Attack on Titan Scout Regiment?


Hi friends, Episode - Choose Your Story is the top Android GAME_SIMULATION apps with over 50.000.000 download from Google Play.
This is the popular product of Episode Interactive.
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Latest update of apps is 2019-04-19, if you have any trouble with Episode - Choose Your Story, feel free to go Episode Interactive website(GO) and contact to developer. We hope you enjoyed this apps and rate it or share with your friends on Facebook, Google+ or Twitter.
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NEW STORY: COLLEGE-ISH! To get your crush to notice you, you enroll in college...while you're still in high school. What will happen next?
New Episodes of FRIENDS OR LOVERS! Things get steamy when you & your best friend pretend to be in a romantic relationship. But what happens when you start playing the role a little too well?
And the FINALE of BAD GIRL BOSS! You're trying to become the first female leader of the mafia! Everyone knows that falling in love is intense, but desire can be deadly.
Similar to "Episode - Choose Your Story"


Maximum Semi Precious Gems Is Used On Bronze Metal.
Bronze Is Mostly Hard & Longevity Metal For Semi-Precious Gems and Gems Worked Full & Fine.
Below Bronze Jewellery image. Kanjam Ruby ,Lapislazuli and others Semi-Precious Gems Setting On Bronj Metal.
Bronze Metal No Costly Metal . Best For Used.


Winter came, and began preparations to give up the bright colors. But be careful, despite your attempts to switch summer clothing by woolen coats and leather jackets, but the fashion of nail polish of this season will allow you to keep some of the bright colors of nail that are still suitable for coating of the season, to give the excellence view . Follow us in this nail polish colors styles that are still valid from the summer, the latest addition to manicures to this winter.
– Pink light: This is a complement color to your beauty when you wear dark colors. This contrast lends nice excellence to your view.
– Natural colors: These colors of the pillars of fashion in all seasons, which makes nails look long and stylish.
– Gray: Take it from the basics of nail polish last season, and returned to a key color in the majority of the presentations this season.
– Blue Turquoise: often directed fashion to dark colors in the winter, but the light blue turquoise degree is from fashion basics to this season, not only for the nail polish and even wearing make-up and clothes.
– Shades of brown color: this color fits warm brown skin, and makes the whole hand look one color.
– Dark red shade: suitable for all skin colors.
– Dark blue: this color issued the most important brands Manicure , and is considered one of the most beautiful colors for dark skin.
– Dark purple: a new color is warm and suitable for this season.
– Orange Bronze: Inspired by this season, and gives you a strange and distinctive fingernails.
finally we hope our selection that we bring you today on our lovely site "24 for health", and hope you like theses colors and styles to get the right one for your skin and clothes.


The State of Ohio has again announced it will have a Sales Tax Holiday in August. It will take place Friday, August 4, 2017 at 12:00 a.m. to Sunday, August 6, 2017 at 11:59 p.m.
During the holiday, certain purchases are exempt from sales and use tax.
For more information, please refer to the Department's Sales Tax Holiday Frequently Asked Questions available on the Department's website at http://www.tax.ohio.gov/sales_and_use/salestaxholiday/holidayfaq.aspx.


Life as an innkeeper is always interesting because of the ever changing stream of various guests that come through our door and into our lives. Last year we began a new tradition of renting the Wilburton Inn as a mansion for private groups. This month, we welcomed a very different group each week - from hedge fund honchos to Chabad rabbis, to the production team from Housewives of New Jersey!
February kicked off with a 31 year-old Wall Street banker bachelor who rented all 11-bedrooms in the Wilburton mansion for his friends over President's Day Weekend. Though they arrived in Porsches and could have been straight out of The Wolf of Wall Street, they turned out to be low-key fellows who packed their instruments along with their snowboards. They jammed around the grand piano while kicking back fireside. It turns out one of them lives around the corner from me iand Jetson in Soho. We love when our NYC and VT lives converge and we look forward to seeing them all again.
The next weekend, love was in the air and a NYC Chabad group rented the entire Wilburton estate for a singles mixer. Rabbis kashered the inn's kitchen and our maintenance crew hung an eruv around the entire 30 acre estate. It was beautiful to share Shabbat together - and Jewish Week wrote about the Wilburton this week!
The day after Chabad checked out, four members of Bravo's Real Housewives of New Jersey production team came up to scout the Wilburton as a location for the housewives' ski trip. Unfortunately Manchester didn't have enough snow, so they went north to Stowe instead. Too bad, because Albert suggested he could cure the housewives with his conflict resolution testing. (There are perks to staying at a psychiatrist's inn.) We hope they join us next season.
The next weekend, the start up team of Juno, a new car driving service to rival Uber, came up for a corporate weekend. After a day on the slopes and massages in our new Carriage House Spa, they dressed up for a formal dinner, their "Juno Jubilee." They packed DJ equipment and props and danced into the night with a Karaoke party on our livingroom movie screen.
Though it didn't work out with the New Jersey Housewives, the following weekend we welcomed these New Jersey dads for their 3rd annual father-son ski trip. Chef Gary catered their hearty pre-skiing breakfasts and a formal dinner feast. They call themselves the 'counts of the round table' and we count ourselves lucky to be their hosts and friends.
And now spring is around the corner! Soon the mansion will be rented for brides and family reunions plus the individual guests who enjoy being a part of this wonderful mansion in the mountains.
From the top of Stratton, we thank all our guests for a wonderful ski season together!


text:
Marcello Tommasi (né le  à Pietrasanta, dans la province de Lucques en Toscane et mort le  à Camaiore) est un sculpteur et peintre italien actif principalement à Paris, Florence et dans sa ville natale. Il est considéré comme « l'héritier symbolique du néo-platonisme du quattrocento. »

Biographie

Marcello Tommasi est né dans une famille d'artistes, il est le fils de Leone Tommasi et le frère du peintre Riccardo Tommasi Ferroni. Il a fait des études d'Arts à l'université de Florence, et une thèse d'histoire de l'Art en 1966 sur Pietro Tacca.

Œuvres

 1968 : Carolina, square Gabriel-Pierné, Paris 6 ;
 1983 : Fontaine de la Liberté, place Léon-Blum, Paris 11, avec l'architecte Fonquernie. Elle représentait Vercingétorix, Jeanne d'Arc, une Marseillaise et saint Georges. Elle a été déposée lors du réaménagent de la place entre  et  ;
1984 : Médaille de Jean Paul II pour sa visite au Canada en 1984
 Ilaria, à l'entrée de l'hôtel de ville de Charenton-le-Pont ;
Bronze en pied d'une femme sur la sépulture Maggiori dans la 61ème Division du cimetière du Père Lachaise (Paris) - signé Marcello Tammasi Firenze
 portes en bronze de l'église Santa Maria Maddalena dei Pazzi, Florence.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance à Pietrasanta
Sculpteur italien du XXe siècle
Peintre italien du XXe siècle
Naissance en janvier 1928
Décès en septembre 2008
Décès à 80 ans
Décès à Camaiore

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


THE 6" LEAFPRO GUTTER SYSTEM IS THE GRAND DADDY OF ALL HOODED GUTTER. THEY ARE PRIMARILY USED ON LARGE EXECUTIVE STYLE HOMES AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS.
6" LEAFPRO JOB ON AN ESTATE IN SOUTH LANGLEY.
WE REMOVED AND DISPOSED OF THE STANDARD 5 INCH GUTTERS.
WE INSTALLED A 6" LEAFPRO SAMPLE ON THE HOME, TO SHOW THE CUSTOMER HOW THE GUTTERS WOULD LOOK.
THE OWNERS PICKED " IRON ORE " FOR THE COLOR OF THEIR 6" LEAFPRO GUTTERS.
OUR GUTTERS COVERED THE 2X8 FASCIA BOARDS.
THESE STEEL GUTTERS ON THE LYNN VALLEY REC CENTER, WERE DAMAGED BY ICE AND SNOW.
WE MANUFACTURED OUR 6" HOODED GUTTERS IN 26 GUAGE STEEL IN PACIFIC TURQUOISE TO MATCH THE METAL ROOF.
SONS, CHRIS AND KEVIN ARE INSTALLING THE LEAFPRO SYSTEM.
THESE GUTTERS WERE INSTALLED IN 2003, AND STILL NO DAMAGE FROM ICE AND SNOW.
WEAVER CREEK FISH HATCHERY MISSION DISTRICT. WE INSTALLED 6" LEAFPRO HOODED GUTTERS IN HEAVY GUAGE ALUMINUM.
OUR 6" LEAFPRO GUTTERS HAVE STOOD UP TO THE HEAVY RAINFALLS AND HAVE RESISTED DAMAGE FROM ICE AND SNOW.


text:
Eternal star Kelle Bryan breaks down in tears as she opens up about lupus battle
Sarah Allard October 10, 2016 8:15 am
Former Eternal singer Kelle Bryan fought back tears on Loose Women as she opened up about her battle with the blood disease lupus, which has become so severe getting an infection could kill her.
The mum of two, who was part of the 90s band Eternal alongside Louise Redknapp, Vernie Bennett and Esther Bennett, announced that her brain is now free from the disease, which resulted in seizures and periods in intensive care.
She told the panel: 'I've just had a brain scan and lupus is not on my brain which is a really nice piece of news. I've got a bout of chemotherapy in about six months time.'
However, Kelle, 41, also revealed her heartbreak at not being able to touch her kids for risk of getting ill. She opened up about the time she was left fighting for her life over the summer, after her daughter contracted an infection at school.
She said: 'Within 48 hours I was coughing up blood and taken into intensive care. It went from a cold to pneumonia within 48 hours and that's how aggressive the disease is, which is why sometimes I have to wear a surgical mask.'
This was me on Friday I had a #brain #scan still having some symptoms that my consultant is concerned about including short term #memory loss. Thought long and hard about posting but decided if I'm gonna be real this is as real and it gets .
A post shared by kelle Bryan (@kelle.bryan) on Sep 26, 2016 at 2:12pm PDT
The condition can be so dangerous that Kelle sometimes has to wear gloves to hug her children.
'Sometimes I can't touch them at all which is really hard,' she added.
Kelle was diagnosed with lupus in 2000, after she woke up one morning unable to move her finger. The condition, which the singer said is 'definitely aggravated by stress', coincided with the time when she left the band and was coping with her parents divorce.
Since then she said the disease led to 'liver, kidney damage, as well as arthritis symptoms, hair loss, mouth ulcers, sores, face, arms, down your body and they just don't heal because you're constantly fighting your own body.'
The singer previously opened up to The Daily Star about her battle, saying: 'I normally wear a surgical mask and gloves because I'm highly susceptible to infection. My lupus means if I pick up an infection I could die because there is nothing to fight it.
'I can't touch my own children because it could actually kill me.'
Kelle, who is now a lupus awareness campaigner and patron of the St Thomas Lupus Trust, added: 'People know me for being glamorous and going to red carpet events but this isn't anything like that. It's real pain. I've got two kids who have had to watch their mum go through this.'
God blessed us with 2 #beautiful children make every day count it really does fly by @RevMikeGudgeon @GinaTimgudge pic.twitter.com/YK8qEBwqM0
— Kelle Bryan (@kellebryan) September 17, 2016
The lupus went to her brain, causing her to suffer a seizure. Kelle was left unable to walk or talk, both of which she had to learn again.
Kelle with her Eternal bandmates pictured in 1994
She isn't the only celebrity to battle the illness – singers Selena Gomez, Seal and Toni Braxton have also spoken out about their struggles with lupus.
When will I get the Covid vaccine? Find out when you could be eligible
What are 'Covid toes' and how are they affecting kids?
Smear test: Everything you need to know about smear tests and what to expect during your appointment


As a London Family Portrait Photographer, I photograph 2-4 clients a week, and I am so fortunate that half of them are from other countries. I get so much satisfaction from meeting people with interesting stories and that they allow me to capture their adventures, the best creative outlet for me to constantly explore and expand. These 4 are absolutely incredible together, the chilly wind didn't stop the fun or giggles. A fantastic summer shoot for a very beautiful family from San Francisco!
My style is natural and candid, I try at every photo session to capture the essence of the family I am working with. If I can even show just a glimpse of the love and connection between family members I am happy. During a family portrait session we snuggle, we play, we move, we simply take in the beautiful environment. Children grow up too fast! Their beauty, humour and personality constantly amaze us and parents strive to preserve that in a timeless way with family portraits. A family photo session allows parents to spend quality time with their babies and children, and then have everlasting beautiful "printed memories" of those natural and authentic moments that slip by all too quickly. That's why I am so happy to be having such wonderful clients, that understand the important role the emotion plays in family photography and spend the morning engaging in fun activities and making the children happy so I could capture those memories for them.


In the next 60 seconds, people around the world will purchase 1 million plastic bottles and 2 million plastic bags. By the end of the year, we will produce enough bubble wrap to encircle the equator 10 times. Though it will take over 1,000 years for most of these items to degrade, many will soon break apart into tiny shards known as microplastics, trillions of which have been showing up in the oceans, fish, tap water and even table salt. Now, we can add one more microplastic to the list: the human gut.
In a pilot study with a small sample size, researchers looked for microplastics in stool samples of eight people from Finland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, the UK and Austria. To their surprise, every single sample tested positive for the presence of a variety of microplastics.
"This is the first such study, so we did a pilot to see if there are any microplastics detectable at all," said Philipp Schwabl, a gastroenterologist at the Medical University of Vienna and lead author of the study. "The results were astonishing." There are no certain health implications for their findings, and they hope to complete a broader study with the methods they have developed.
Microplastics — defined as pieces less than .02 inches long, roughly the size of a grain of rice — have become a major concern for environmental researchers during the past decade. Several studies have found high levels of microplastics in marine life, and last year, they were detected in 83% of tap water samples around the world (the highest contamination rate was in US, where 94% of samples were contaminated).
Researchers have long suspected microplastics would eventually be found in human gut. One study estimated that people who regularly eat shellfish may be consuming 11,000 plastic pieces per year.
The new paper, which was presented on Monday at a conference in Vienna, could provide support for marine biologists who have long warned of the dangers posed by microplastics in our oceans. But the paper suggests that microplastics are entering our bodies through other means, as well.
To conduct the study, they selected volunteers from each country who kept food diaries for a week and provided stool samples. Up to nine different kinds of plastics were detected, ranging in size from .002 to .02 inches. The most common plastics detected were polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate — both major components of plastic bottles and caps. Still, Schwabl cautioned against jumping to conclusions. "It is highly likely food is being contaminated with plastics during various steps of processing or packaging." Whether microplastics pose a health risk to humans is unknown, though they have been found to cause some damage in fish and other animals. Additionally, the ones detected in the study are too large to be a serious threat.