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BREAKING FREE: Prisons in Margaret Atwood's 'Alias Grace' and Sarah Waters's 'Affinity'
By Jessamy Baldwin
This essay was published on 25 February on 'Nothing in the Rule Book'
By reading Margaret Atwood's Alias Grace,which is set in C19th Colonial Canada and Sarah Waters's Affinity, which is set in Britain in the 1870s, we are able to travel back in time and bear witness to significant female narratives that would most certainly have been repressed during the Victorian period in which they are set. Negotiating our way through the various physical and culturally constructed 'prisons' of these two historical novels, we too experience the numerous dark and claustrophobic realities with which many women were faced in this era.
I intend to illustrate how Atwood and Waters, like their female characters, "throw the system out, make it stagger" (Waters 209) as they challenge female captivity, cultural constructions of femininity and inescapable female physiology that led to the social imprisonment of women and their exclusion from public discourse. Affinity dismantles conventional notions regarding heterosexual relationships through Margaret's rejection of marriage and by the potent insinuation of sexual bonds between women. Waters also presents us with the "queer career" (162) of Spiritualism where female passion can be performed and the gothic physicality of Millbank prison, a place which I saw as symbolic of other 'prisons' such as Margaret's own home.
By contrast, Alias Grace follows the fictional account of Grace Marks, the "celebrated murderess" (Atwood 25), as she recalls her life and imprisonment to Dr.Jordan. We feel the oppressive atmosphere of The Kingston Penitentiary and sense Atwood addressing larger issues surrounding the countless confinements imposed on women in the Victorian period. The women of Affinity and Alias Grace refuse to be bound within culturally constructed binaries of femininity and their stories present us with brave and stimulating narratives that break free of female imprisonment, in all its forms.
Both these novels express the significant struggles for women in the Victorian period to fulfill the culturally constructed feminine ideal of being "disembodied, spiritual and above all, chaste" (King 10). The model Victorian woman was supposed to be virtuous, devoted and submissive, similar to the 'Angel' depicted in Coventry Patmore's 1854 poem 'The Angel in the House' or was otherwise considered the other end of the scale, the 'Whore'. The friction between these contrasting archetypes is epitomised in the dualistic qualities of Grace who is seen as "a model prisoner" (Atwood 5) but admits "It's not easy being quiet and good, it's like hanging onto the edge of a bridge when you've already fallen over" (Atwood 6). She is portrayed in varying lights, sometimes as "an innocent victim…too ignorant to know how to act…a good girl with a pliable nature" (Atwood 25) and others as "an inhuman female demon" (Atwood 25) in the form of her dark double Mary Whitney. Jamie Walsh, Grace's previous admirer and eventual husband articulates these contrasting ideologies when she goes "from being an angel in his eyes and fit to be idolized and worshipped… to a demon" (Atwood 418). Indeed, women could quickly descend into dishonour or rise into adoration and the boundaries between these positions were hazy and volatile. Therefore, imprisonment in either of these categories was both likely and extremely limiting.
However, while such regressive beliefs of women's roles dominated society, they were not universal. Many women wanted to escape the prison of domesticity and the obligation to fulfill these normative social roles, yet this was easier said than done in a society where "gentlemen's voices carry so clearly [and] women's are so easily stifled" (Waters 229). Yet the introduction of factories due to the Industrial Revolution in the C19th meant working class women could earn money for themselves and thus be incorporated into the public workplace. Middle class women were increasingly able to walk for pleasure, an activity that had been previously frowned upon, suggesting some progress. Moreover, Barbara Bodichon's setting up of the Women's Suffrage Committee in 1866 helped lay the foundations for the Suffragette campaigns that were to come.
In Alias Grace, Mrs Quennell exemplifies this desire for increased opportunities for women by advocating "an enlarged sphere for women" (Atwood 94). Her Spiritualist gatherings at the Governor's house, where Grace works during a period of her imprisonment, allow women to gather in a free space away from their private, domestic spheres. Opinions among men also varied. In 1869 John Stuart Mill argued that women should be given the vote in The Subjection of Women. Yet John Ruskin's famous lecture 'Of Queen's Garden' given in 1865 maintains a similar view to Patmore's vision of woman as the sacred guardian of the home. Certainly, views on women differed greatly and Atwood states in the afterword to her novel that "attitudes towards [Grace] reflected contemporary ambiguity about the nature of women" (538).
Such ambiguity was increased due to socially conditioned notions of femininity that were projected onto society, meaning that many women became imprisoned by the narrow lives they were expected to lead as pure, mythologised entities. Many women, such as Margaret's mother in Affinity, were indeed happy to stay within the traditional female stereotype of a good wife and mother and "there were many women, including feminists, who argued that woman's highest fulfillment came from motherhood" (King 9). Interestingly, Elizabeth Blackwell, who was the world's first trained, registered woman doctor, still claimed that women should look after their bodies so that they may be fit and healthy for motherhood.
However, many women struggled to keep up with the ideal that was expected of them. They were supposed to be nurturing, natural mothers because "that is their function" (Waters 209) and at the same time fulfill a virginal and delicate role of femininity all at once. Thus the path to being a perfect woman was extremely narrow, contradictory and confining. Indeed, the ways of Millbank, like the ways of Victorian society, were "rather narrow ones" (Waters 215).
A poignant image from Alias Grace in relation to this is when the women visitors to the Governor's household are portrayed "like swans drifting along on unseen feet; or else like the jellyfish in the waters of the rocky harbour" (Atwood 24). Swans appear virginal, white and regal and yet if one looks at their feet below all the angelic splendour and moving water, the desperate struggle to stay afloat is clearly evident. Women in the Victorian era had to convey outward composure, yet beneath this calm exterior they too struggled to remain above water as they attempted to achieve the 'Angel' status. Similarly, the female prisoners in Affinity are expected to "be silent, and still, [but] they are restless and pacing their cells" (Waters 71). Atwood's use of the jellyfish image is also interesting because it conveys the sense of invisible female strength. Even though women were supposedly transparent and lacking in substance, they could sting and show initiative if necessary, as Grace and Selina both demonstrate.
The novels also deal with contemporary anxiety over what would happen if women were to 'break out' of their socially conditioned roles as wives and mothers. Atwood and Waters's female criminals remain "undetectable and unknowable" (King 72) because they reject "the terms by which Victorian gender discourse attempts to categorise them" (King 72). Howells argues that Alias Grace is "very much tied up with C19th anxieties about women and what they might be capable of (151). Margaret contemplates what would frighten her family more, Selina "being a spirit medium, or a convict, or a girl" (Waters 315) emphasizing social anxiety over all these entities. When Miss Haxby speaks of how "the urge that has been slumbering is woken in her; and then she almost cannot help herself" (Waters 177), we can recognise apprehension over female autonomy. Mr. Shillitoe also conveys this desire to mould women who are "ignorant of shame and duty and all the finer feelings" (Waters 11) into the Victorian 'Angel' ideal and imprison them physically and intellectually, as "they must spend the great part of the days alone, with their cell walls about them…their tongues we still" (Waters 11). The matrons at Millbank also use hobbles "on women only, never on men…to restrain a prisoner when she has a mind- as they often do" (Waters 179). Indeed, to have a mind of one's own was not part of the ideal Victorian woman's composition.
Moreover, sexuality was not something Victorian women were expected to possess or display. Therefore, Selina and Grace's sexuality is "what really interests them" (Atwood 30) and anxiety over this contributes to their imprisonment. Margaret and Dr. Jordan are enthralled by the subtle sexuality of their charges and Grace knows that "they don't care if I killed anyone, I could have cut dozens of throats, it's only what they admire in a soldier" (Atwood 30). Therefore, fear of female sexuality and the male desire to lock this away from the public domain is clearly evident through the novels' linking of female criminality and sexuality. Indeed, Grace's gender greatly affected her destiny because so deeply does her crime transgress the womanly ideal that "the authorities are still driven to either find her innocent, or to classify her as 'criminal', 'idiot' or 'minor' in order to explain that transgression" (King 72) .
Many people at the time felt the female body was always "the potential source of deviance, particularly of sexual deviance, and consequently requires constant observation, in the form of surveillance and treatment or even punishment" (King 67). Therefore, Grace's gender may have saved her life but it also leads to her loss of freedom due to her ensuing imprisonment and continual observation by authority, something we also see in Affinity. However, a failure to maintain such authority can be seen in Dr. Jordan as he tries to use his "forbidden knowledge" (Atwood 94) on Grace in his attempt to "open her up like an oyster" (Atwood 153). Despite supposedly possessing the "powers of life and death" (Atwood 94) and the possibility that he "may once have held a beating female heart" (Atwood 94), Grace never succumbs to giving into his genuine desire which is to have her confess her sins to him. Indeed, it is as though people want Grace to judge herself and "confession is presented to her as the only route to freedom" (King 73). Reverend Verringer, the prison chaplain, urges her to confess because "the truth shall make you free" (Atwood 91) but it will merely imprison her in her role as evil murderess and allow others the satisfaction of solving her puzzle.
Dr. Jordan becomes infuriated by the knowledge that Grace is withholding information from him and deduces that "her strongest prison is of her own construction" (Atwood 421), yet this mental prison is what keeps her alive. "Her only way of claiming any private space is by refusing to have her identity defined by men in authority… whether they be lawyers, jailers, clergymen or doctors." (Howells 32). However, while Grace avoids mental imprisonment, she is still physically confined in Kingston Penitentiary. While James McDermott is hanged, she is sentenced to prolonged suffering because she is a young female. The sense of female violation is poignantly depicted in the image of her being torn open like a peach that is "too ripe and splitting open of its own accord" (Atwood 79). Still, " a prison does not only lock its inmates inside, it keeps all others out" (Atwood 421) and despite this potential for weak flesh, she says, "inside the peach there's a stone" (Atwood 79) suggesting she is far stronger and determined than Dr. Jordan and other male authorities have assumed. In order to preserve the 'alias' of female grace and innocence, she "must conceal her more knowing, sexualised self" (King 81), she must hide her stone among the fleshy peach.
Waters describes Millbank as being extremely similar to Jeremy Bentham's Panopticon. It "is so curious a shape, and must be approached, so darkly, through so many gates and twisting passages" (Waters 7). There is a "tower set at the centre of the pentagon yards, so that the view from it is of all the walls and barred windows that make up the interior of the women's buildings" (Waters 10). Continual observation is fundamental to this design, the lack of privacy is essential not only for security purposes but as a means of punishment which will ideally lead to degradation, submission and repentance. Grace also notes how in Kingston "nobody…does you the courtesy of knocking" (Atwood 39) and "they make the windows high up … they do not want you looking out, they do not want you thinking the word out" (Atwood 275).
Such focus on the interior relates to the Victorian notion of women as unsuitable for intellectual thinking and the belief that their energy should always be directed to the intramural, the private and the domestic. Such confinement and lack of communication makes the prison inmates mad and alone. Thus the symbolic function of Millbank and Kingston represents the isolation many women, like Margaret, would have felt in their destined roles and their own homes during this period.
Indeed, Margaret distances herself from the expected dominant Victorian ideology of femininity, admitting that "idleness did not suit me "(Waters 46). She also resists from submitting to the normative heterosexual relationships all women were supposed to take part in. Dr. Jordan, like Margaret, is also afraid to marry and be "imprisoned in an armchair by the fire, frozen in a kind of paralysed stupor, with his dear wife winding him up gradually…like a cocoon, or like a fly snarled in the web of a spider" (Atwood 340). This anxiety of being imprisoned or trapped by normative social functions is clearly evident and we can see how these characters across these novels are endeavouring to resist these cultural constructions.
However, while Margaret "may attempt to make the system 'stagger', as an unmarried female, she must suffer for her difference…a prisoner not in Millbank but in her own home" (Kontou 183). Even though she does not have to answer to a husband, she is stuck in a state of limbo, she is merely "a paper doll, nodding its head" (Waters 242), with no real independence due to her mother's domineering presence. The 'dose' of medicine given to her every day makes her flesh go "quite numb" (Waters 205), thus emphasizing her anaesthetized and prison-like circumstances. She is well aware of the monotony that awaits her in the future because she does not adhere to the traditional ideology of Victorian femininity, she believes she "shall grow dry and pale and paper thin…like a leaf, pressed tight inside the pages of a dreary black book and then forgotten" (Waters 201). She is caged in, "more firmly unevolved than ever" (Waters 208) and Selina even tells her that she is "like all of us at Millbank" (Waters 208).
The road she lives on is also named 'Cheyne Walk' which I believe symbolises her invisible chains and disguised imprisonment where she has begun to "feel myself a ghost" (Waters 307). Her mother tells her "your place is here…not at the prison…you must take up your proper duties in the house…you are not, in fact, Mrs. Anybody. You are only Miss. Prior" (Waters 252-3). Her mother's condemnation over her single status and adamant orders to fulfil her duty all resemble the degrading and officious attitude of many of the prison warders and matrons across Alias Grace and Affinity.
The compelling physical descriptions of Millbank prison in Affinity and The Kingston Penitentiary in Alias Grace are extensions of the physical imprisonment of women in a patriarchal society where their physiology is seen as their only value and their social role is extensively conditioned. The correlation between Millbank and the individual female body and the female body at large is evident when the Porter speaks to Margaret about Millbank, "she seems quiet to you, I dare say. But some nights, Miss. Prior, when there ain't a breath of wind, I have stood where you are standing now and heard her groan – plain as a lady" (Waters 312). The personification of the building greatly emphasizes the larger issues of the era where 'prisons', both physical and mental, were imposed on women. The groaning accentuates not just the unhappiness of the women inside Millbank, but the desperation and entrapment of women outside the gaol walls. With tightly corseted bodies and restricted intellectual development, we can see how the representation of such longstanding physical and mental confinement is implied in the prison buildings which are suffocating and "so solid and so antique" (Waters 7). The Governor's wife in Alias Grace says to a group of women, "we are virtually prisoners ourselves" (Atwood 26) highlighting this link between institutional and domestic prisons.
During the period in which these novels are set, women's bodies were subject to male desire and scrutiny, resulting in unwanted pregnancy, disease and sometimes death as a result of both, they had a serious lack of control over what they did with their bodies and how they were seen in society. Nancy's illegitimate pregnancy with Thomas Kinnear and Mary Whitney's death due to a botched abortion, after being made pregnant by her employer's son, show Atwood engaging with how the female body was subject to male desire and the physical peril and social oppression that resulted from such domination. The restricting and male-dominated society in which the characters live traps women from all angles and punishes them for their natural physiology. Physical abuse of the female body is also alluded to as the prisoners are restrained by "handcuffs…gags [and] and strips of leather" (Waters 179) which has violent sexual undertones.
Indeed, both novels suggest that the majority of female prisoners are mere victims of sexual exploitation and poverty. The crimes for which many of the women are imprisoned, such as theft and prostitution, are not even proven and undertaken through a desperation to survive. Margaret illustrates anxiety over this volatile sentencing and false incarceration when she admits "I had begun to worry that the men might take me for a convict just arrived and lead me to a cell and leave me there" (Waters 9). Also, Grace notes how many of the women in the Toronto Lunatic Asylum, where she spends some of her imprisonment, are "no madder than the Queen of England" (Atwood 34) but simulate insanity in order to escape domestic abuse or the harshness of the winter weather, thus emphasizing the absurd nature of a patriarchal culture that imprisons women regardless of whether they fulfil their role as the 'Angel' or as the 'Whore'. Psychiatrists such as Henry Maudsley argued in the early 1870s, that women were prisoners because of their sex and that their mental ability was directly related to their reproductive organs. He stated that "whether they care to be mothers or not they cannot dispense with those psychological functions of their nature…however much they might wish it…they cannot choose but to be women" (qtd in Kontou 183). By contrast, I would argue that while female physiology was important in a woman's life, it was the socially conditioned view of femininity, domestic confinement and the divergence between sexuality, marriage and motherhood which imprisoned them in their bodies.
Even though Grace eventually marries, it is not a young or reckless marriage; she says "at least the two of us know what sort of bargain we have got into" (Atwood 526). The power she holds over Mr. Walsh, because he continually pleads for her forgiveness, ensures she has authority in the union. However, the nature of the marriage is undoubtedly disturbing as he betrayed her at her trial, it calls into question the degree to which it will offer her ultimate freedom, as Lovelady remarks, "it is an improvement but not a triumph" (205).
Though she is free from Kingston Penitentiary, she is reliant on a male, admitting "I did not have many other choices" (Atwood 524) and Lovelady argues this points "to a certain inevitability of marriage at the end of a woman's story" (204). Mr. Walsh, as she prefers to call him, is only aroused through Grace's retellings of her victimisation in prison which prolongs her feelings of entrapment and subjection. Howells argues that she "remains trapped within a variety of male fantasy scripts which are moulded by medical and social discourses about criminals and women" (36). Indeed, "she is freer than she was at the beginning of the novel, but she is not altogether free" (Lovelady 192) and this ambivalent ending is emphasized even further when she believes herself to be three months pregnant. The heaviness she feels "might as easily be a tumour, such as killed my poor mother… it is strange to know you carry within yourself either a life or a death" (Atwood 533). Once again this notion of the female body as important to a woman's destiny is significant.
The female body is given more freedom through the use of Spiritualism in both novels and lesbian power in Affinity. Waters and Atwood give their female characters a chance to break free from the culturally constructed 'prisons' that defined normal female behaviour and femininity often depicted in contemporary Victorian fiction. In this sense, they become spirit mediums themselves as they connect the modern voice with the Victorian past. Kontou argues that Waters "creates a fictive (and potentially subversive) space in which stories that have been previously suppressed or untold can find a home" (172), she creates a kind of "counter history, the antithesis of the 'great lives' and 'great works' of men" (172). Moreover, she states that Waters "uses Spiritualism as a way of imagining a Victorian lesbianism without forcing a modern, anachronistic conception of same sex desire into a world that could not openly accommodate it" (Kontou 186).
The Spiritualist Movement was particularly popular in the 1850s and it certainly represented a blurring between the public and private spheres as men, women and children would gather in the drawing room of a house to interact with spirits. Such distortion and breaking down of socially conditioned and imprisoning spaces illustrates how female imprisonment in the domestic sphere could be improved through such gatherings. Spirit mediums such as Florence Cook became famous and were invited to work in both public lecture halls and private homes therefore illustrating how the profession enabled such women to transverse social boundaries by possessing a job in a time where female professions were extremely limited. Indeed, Spiritualism was a means by which women could influence those around them and Atwood said that it "was the one quasi-religious activity of the time in which women were allowed a position of power" ('Afterword' 540).
This is evident in Grace's 'double consciousness' which is the explanation she gives for not remembering how the murders took place. Grace uses contemporary dependency on the supernatural to insist that any evil resulted from possession by Mary Whitney. Moreover, in Affinity, Selina and Ruth's séances allow them to engage in suggestively sexual experiences with both women and men which were usually forbidden outside the bonds of marriage. Indeed, Waters's novel certainly explores how "oppressive social forces drive women into assumed heterosexual identities and how suppressed lesbian desire could express itself through what outlets were available" (Kontou 179).
However, some people regarded such autonomy through Spiritualism as limited because spirits chose to possess the bodies of women due to their passivity and therefore increased likelihood of possession. Yet, while many people held this view, which was not surprising considering the notion of the ideal Victorian woman as passive and lacking in physical and mental strength, there can be no denying that it did offer more physical and mental freedom for women. The sitters were allowed to physically interact with the female medium; she had her hair loose, wore no shoes and had on loose clothing rather than a restricting corset. Therefore the traditional Victorian customs and laws of decency were abandoned.
While the medium may perform passivity, she is also being able to perform passion and therefore engage in actions outside social convention. Many women made money through Spiritualism and were able to break free of cultural constructions of femininity, thus showing that it was a complex means of introducing female empowerment. Waters said in an interview that her novel was "about the pleasures and dangers of darkness, the pleasures of it being when you are in control of it and the dangers coming from when you are at its mercy" (123). Indeed, we can see how Spiritualism allows women to have a voice and be in control of the darkness but in other physical and socially conditioned 'prisons', the women are vulnerable and left in the darkness, at the mercy of an external authority.
Women who were literally sent to prison in the C19th had no voice at all. Grace conveys her anxiety about being forgotten, she thinks she "will shrivel…dry out…turn into a skeleton…be found months, years, centuries from now and they will say who is this, she must have slipped our mind" (Atwood 38). Waters even noted how many of the records she used from Millbank "tended to be official records that were written by men" ('Interview with Sarah Waters' 123) and therefore the stories of individual women needed to be re- imagined by her in order to escape the 'male gaze'. Affinity and Alias Grace fit into the attempt by second wave feminists to "map out an alternative female historical landscape" (King 3) which will free stories that have been silenced or imprisoned in supposedly irrelevant chambers of history.
The novels are examples of "herstory rather than history, offering alternative feminine perspectives on a tales of criminality and violence" (Howells 29), something which was not permitted in public discourse at the time. Grace is made to represent a wide range of Victorian constructs of 'Woman', she is "victim, madwoman, murderess, Dr. Jordan's muse" (Howells 152) and an individual female voice. Atwood, like Waters, is rebelling against a history which has not allowed "the real woman's voice or the true story of the past to be recovered" (Howells 152). Indeed, David Glover and Cora Kaplan argue that "modern feminist critics use the Victorian period to revisit the unresolved issues of what kind of opposition gender is and what kind of ethics and politics can be assigned to traditional femininity" (qtd. in King 6). By freeing the stories of these women and filling in the gaps where their particular stories were lost or forgotten, Atwood and Waters help to resolve issues from the past by building a female literary tradition that considers all types of women and relationships, regardless of what was considered socially acceptable at the time in which the writing is set.
Alias Grace and Affinity provide us, as modern readers, with contemporary female narratives that certainly would have been silenced in the Victorian era itself. By exploring anxieties surrounding the female body, tackling Spiritualism and lesbianism as well as the culturally constructed and physical 'prisons' in which women were placed, we are given an opportunity to appreciate perspectives that have been imprisoned in the past. Moreover, whilst Waters and Atwood address problems felt by the female population at large, they concentrate on specific women's stories and particular female experiences which make them so engaging to read.
The novels themselves are all about actively voicing these stories and experiences, essentially giving such women "back their place in history, not just as victims but as agents" (King 3). The continual mystery surrounding Selina Dawes and Grace Marks "throws into sharp relief the inadequacy of so-called scientific knowledge to define or contain them" (King 72). We recognise through these women, as well as Margaret Prior, the "very real desire for literal escape" (Lovelady 183), whether that be from the prison buildings themselves, their homes or the socially conditioned roles assigned to them. Mrs. Quennell remarks that "stone walls do not a prison make" (Atwood 97) and I believe this is what Atwood and Waters are essentially claiming in their novels. That an 'Angel' is never far from a 'Whore', and indeed, freedom never far from imprisonment. We must actively engage in releasing such women from their physical and culturally constructed 'prisons' by re-creating their stories and finally giving them a voice.
Atwood, Margaret. Alias Grace. London: Virago Press, 1996. Print.
—Afterword. Alias Grace. London: Virago Press, 1996. 537-542. Print.
Howells, Carol Ann. "History and its Secrets: Criminality and Violence". Where are the Voices Coming From? Canadian Culture and the Legacies of History. Ed. Carol Ann Howells. New York: Rodopi, 2004. 29-37. Print
— "Transgressing Genre: A Generic Approach to Margaret's Atwood's Novels". Margaret Atwood: Works and Impact. Ed. Reingard M.Nischik. Suffolk: Camden House Publishers, 2000. 139-157. Print.
King, Jeanette. Introduction. The Victorian Woman Question in Contemporary Feminist Fiction. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. 1-8. Print.
— "What is a Woman? Victorian Constructions of Femininity". The Victorian Woman Question in Contemporary Feminist Fiction. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. 8-38. Print.
—" 'Criminals, Idiots, Women and Minors': Deviant Minds in Deviant Bodies". The Victorian Woman Question in Contemporary Feminist Fiction. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. 67-93. Print.
Kontou, Tatiana. "Queering the Séance: Sarah Waters's Affinity". Spiritualism and Women's Writing: From the Fin de Siecle to the Neo-Victorian. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. 172-199. Print.
Lovelady, Stephanie. "I am telling this to no one but you: Private voice, Passing and the Private sphere in Margaret Atwood's Alias Grace". Margaret Atwood: Essays on her Works. Ed. Branko Gorjup. Lancaster: Guernica, 2008. 173-213. Print.
Waters, Sarah. Affinity. London: Virago Press, 1999. Print.
— "Interview with Sarah Waters". Feminist Review, No 85. By Lucie Armitt. Palgrave Macmillan journals, 2007. 116-125. Jstor. Web. 11/04/12
Posted in LiteratureTagged blog, England, feminism, freedom, freelance writer, friends, gender, gothic, Jessamy Baldwin, journalism, lesbian, Literature, love, margaret atwood, Nothing in the Rule Book, prisons, sarah waters, sexuality, victorian, womenBy jessamy baldwinLeave a comment
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Taylor Wessing sees profits fall after year of investment
By Jemma Slingo2020-07-28T13:44:00+01:00
International firm Taylor Wessing has reported an 8% drop in UK profit, following a 'difficult' final quarter.
According to figures for the last financial year, UK profit fell by 8% to £57.6m, while profit per equity partner dipped by 7% year-on-year from £655,230 to around £612,640. Both figures are still the second highest on record, however.
Meanwhile, global revenue rose by around 8% to £365.6m, and UK revenue crept up from £156.6m in 2018/2019 to £157.1m.
UK managing partner Shane Gleghorn said: 'This year, we've invested significantly in our business. While the final quarter was made difficult by the crisis, we have seen the benefit of our investment in tech and people, even more so in recent months. Our tech investment has supported agile working for our people, and has deepened our client relationships.
'We've seen more record-breaking transactions and innovation this year from international clients who are leaders in their field, and from emerging new clients, and we're committed to driving their success. This is especially true in our key sectors of technology, life sciences and private wealth.'

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Scene reports
Russia's GAMMA festival: An experimental showcase where dance music is still misunderstood
The St Petersburg festival celebrates Russia's music history alongside sets from techno and ambient artists
Words: Maria Ustimenko | Photos Oleg Tskhai, Denis Denisov, Nikita Grushevsky
The two-floor stage at this former brewery in the outskirts of St Petersburg is "speeding", a local term for the unstoppable, powerful energy of raving. Hundreds of tireless punters throw shapes as Sunday's dawn rays through the large windows on the upper floor, pass through the enormous holes in between (left from the building's previous occupants) and land on the crowd below. The atmosphere is of connectedness – a perfect metaphor for the desire of GAMMA festival to bridge the gap between Russian and international electronic music scenes.
Ivan Logos and Vyacheslav Kostyakhin, the founders of m_division, the crew behind the festival, have been organising smaller music events in unusual locations for the past 10 years. Since 2018, art historian and media theorist Natalia Fuchs has curated the GAMMA_PRO conference on art and technology, enriching the programme with professional development opportunities. This year, the fourth edition of the festival has gathered around 10,000 people and the support of foreign embassies and institutions, as well as Russia's Ministry of International Affairs.
But even with such partners, and sponsorship from a Russian social media platform as well as Red Bull and Jägermeister, it's difficult to put on an event like this in a country with a fragile electronic music scene. As Ivan Logos explains, a lack of Russian-language music media means that they often have to explain to local audiences who many of the artists on the line-up are – even those acts who are well known globally. But having limited pre-existing knowledge is also seen as an advantage, he says,as it creates a level playing field for the artists in a new market. "Essentially, we don't care whether we introduce [festival-goers] to an amazing crate-digger of 20 years or a famous artist with a PR team", he says.
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The festival's programme showcases many genres of electronic music, from techno to ambient to baroque with vocals generated by AI. The latter is the result of GAMMA_LAB AI project, which brought together international artists and scientists to create completely new performances using technology. Peter Kirn, a Berlin-based artist, founder of online magazine
CDM and one of the facilitators of the initiative, feels like they "opened a can of worms" – even though the time limits and the tool's complexity allowed only a taste of the potential.
The rest of the programming isn't as forward-looking, though, and the line-up features far fewer women than men, especially among the headliners which, unofficially, are Surgeon, Oscar Mulero, Dax J, Samuel Kerridge, Varg, I Hate Models and Violet, the latter the only woman on the list. KMRU, a Kenyan ambient artist, is the only non-white performer billed. This reflects the crowd, too, which is mostly Slavic and straight, although a pleasant mix age-wise. Encompassing both the fashionable rave kids and the older generation of partygoers, the event isn't particularly representative of a regular club night in the city but it connects today's scene to its roots from 30 years ago. The techno sets from DJ Slon and m_division resident Lena Popova are emblematic of the decade when electronic music reached the dissolving Soviet Union.
Russian rave is at home in St Petersburg, where artists squatted in empty flats in the late 80s and early 90s. They used the space for studios during the day, and for parties at night. The legacy of marrying visual art and electronic music still lives in the local scene, and other promoters go beyond the audio-visual, using their locations as galleries. Indeed, Gamma positions sculptures, installations and video art as equal parts of the main event, and "some people may not even dance at all, they walk around the factory all night", Logos says.
The opening concert of GAMMA takes place in the new Planetarium 1. A dome 37 metres in diameter, it's the largest in the world and is equipped with a system of 40 projectors. Sadly, the exciting premise turns out to be underwhelming as the size of the digital canvas remains, for the most part, not used to its fullest. Technical issues, popping up continuously, are particularly jarring during the meditative electro-acoustic performance of Japanese artist Kazuya Nagaya, who uses traditional bells and singing bowls.
Read this next: 15 photos from Клуб, "the wildest club in Russia"
Some of the most memorable acts here are representatives of the Russian experimental music scene. At the AV stage, Moscow-based ::vtol:: blasts a noisy live set and generates visuals in real time with a camera located on his head. It takes pictures of his face illuminated by a small strobe light so bright and intense we fear for his vision. As part of the SHAPE showcase, Italian artist Michela Pelusio brings a similar concept to the festival with her analogue 'SpaceTime Helix' performance. A strobe light creates an optical illusion of the complex patterns formed by a rotating string, as a solar panel transforms the blinks into the minimal techno beats in a pitch-black room.
Russian society as a whole doesn't have a great understanding of the electronic music scene and the notorious issues with the law enforcement have previously caused more than one similar cultural initiative to close. Several people report on social media that during the GAMMA afterparty police were scouting outside the venue, searching people and their cars. The festival acknowledges the problem, and Ella Overkleeft suggests one possible solution at the conference, introducing the Night Mayor Foundation – an impartial electoral body in Amsterdam that represents the interests of nightlife to the authorities.
It's not political, however, but social and economic factors that are the most limiting for local promoters. A reflection of the average salary in the country, last-release tickets for the main event cost £30. Keeping prices low is crucial to nurture the festival culture in Russia, as local people generally don't tend to travel and local brands don't race to sponsor events either.
Still, the festival offers an expansive international line-up and impressive production values, as well as a platform for young creatives to meet their international colleagues. From a professional 'speed-dating' session to informal mingling, GAMMA provides plenty of opportunities to exchange ideas for artists, academics and others working in Russia's relatively small industry. "There's still a certain vacuum", Logos says about the scene here, "and it's time to get rid of it".
Maria Ustimenko is a freelance writer, follow her on Twitter


This sample has been retired as it either was developed for earlier generation hardware or the sample has been superseded by a newer sample with an advanced algorithm. The sample is still available for download if desired.
Desktop gaming systems with 6 cores and 12 hardware threads have been on the market for some time now and 4 core CPUs are becoming increasingly common even on laptops. To give your customers the best experience on their particular platform we want to write game engine code that is core count independent. Tasking allows programs to benefit from scaling as core counts are increased; giving our users a great game experience consistent with their choice of hardware. In this sample we will convert a single-threaded animation system into a tasking animation system. There is small API the application uses for Tasking and internally that uses Intel® Threading Building Blocks (Intel® TBB), but that usage could be replaced with whatever threading system was convenient.


We've been providing companies with industrial cleaning since 1995. Our customer service, affordability and responsive support ensures we remain an outstanding choice as an industrial cleaning company.
Industrial cleaning is about providing the right level of service, at the right price. Our cleaning techniques and products and eco-friendly and industry leading which is accompanied by our exceptional customer service.
Companies contact Oak Industrial for a number of different reasons. From an emergency industrial clean, through to a regular scheduled clean, our specialist industrial cleaners are experts at getting the job done.
We first started industrial cleaning in 1995, but now we've grown to complete a wide range of industrial cleaning projects. Some of the most famous buildings in the UK have been cleaned by Oak Industrial. We're involved at present with the building of a new entertainment arena.
Some of the major projects we can complete includes factory cleaning, kitchen cleaning, pub and restaurant industrial cleaning, builders cleaning, washroom services cleaning and much more.
You'll be amazed at what our specialist industrial cleaners can clean. Our industrial cleaners can clean the tallest of buildings or the largest of industrial factories.
Ultimately, our industrial cleaning is tailored to your needs. If you need industrial cleaning services then our specialist industrial cleaners are on hand to help.
We'll meet with you to understand your requirements and explain exactly what we can do. Our industrial cleaning team will then get to work on your behalf.
It's easy to get in touch with us. Just call 01738 632935.
We're proud to say that since 1995 we've grown as a commercial cleaning company due to the fact we are so highly rated. But, we couldn't have done it without our customers.
Our customers sing our praises and often introduce our services to new companies. This word of mouth exposure is the primary reason we've been providing commercial cleaning in Scotland for almost 20 years.
Subsequently, we've been introduced to other companies who required office cleaning, carpet and upholstery cleaning, washroom services management or a number of other services we can supply.
The key is to look after your customers. The businesses we support are like an extension of our own company. It's for this reason we work extremely hard to resolve any problems. For example, a factory required an emergency clean with less than 24 hours notice. As the factory cleaning specialists, we worked to ensure the factory was cleaned to the highest standards, despite less than 1 day of notice. We were able to complete this project to our usual standard and one time, leaving our client happy.
Commercial cleaning in Scotland is about adjusting to meet our clients business demands.
Placing the customer at the heart of everything we do ensures we meet our quality commercial cleaning standards. Some of the methods we use to manage and monitor our quality standards is to provide management evaluation spot checks, director to director meetings with our clients to discuss the quality of our cleaning as well as customised reporting.
For new customers who are not introduced to us by an existing client, we are happy to make an introduction to an existing client so you can get feedback on our service. We're immensely proud of what we've achieved at Oak Industrial over the past 20 years and our clients are fundamental to our growth.
If you're interested to know more about the history of Oak Industrial, or would like information about our commercial cleaning services please telephone 01738 632935.
Our washroom services are constantly expanding and Livingston is a thriving business community where washroom and office cleaning services are required. Located 20 minutes outside Edinburgh and 40 minutes along the M8 from Glasgow, businesses are rushing to open offices in Livingston because of the location.
At Oak Industrial, as one of Scotland's largest and most reputable washroom services and office cleaning companies, it's helped our business continue to grow. We can provide specialist office cleaning and washroom services tailored to our client's needs.
Previously, we would have listed the major Scottish cities are the prime location for office cleaning, such as Glasgow, Edinburgh or Aberdeen. However, in recent years businesses based in Livingston need office cleaning and we have been able to support their business.
We have the largest network of office cleaning specialists in Scotland ready to provide office cleaning in Livingston and other major business industrial locations.
Oak Industrial has specialist advisors in Livingston to provide tailored office cleaning. This means that no matter how complex the job, we can help. Our washroom services team are also on hand, if required, to manage commercial washroom areas.
Our office cleaning team can provide support on a schedule to suit you and your business needs. The schedule is developed and constant reporting is provided. You can expect the highest quality of cleaning associated with one of Scotland's largest washroom services and commercial office cleaning companies.
Find out about our great prices and fantastic offers for our clients. We'll demonstrate the quality of our cleaning and excellent prices. To get in touch, please complete a quick quote enquiry form on the side of this page or telephone 01738 632935.
It's coming up to the start of the new financial year and as it quickly approaches many companies are looking to change their office cleaning company for a new provider. There are many reasons for doing this, from looking to reduce costs through to asking for an improved service.
Office cleaning in Glasgow is one of the most popular services offered at Oak Industrial. The demand for office cleaning continues to rise as business confidence grows and more companies hire office space.
Since 1995, we've been providing office cleaning support across Scotland. We started in the central regions of Glasgow and expanded to have locations across Scotland. A lot has changed in the past 20 years, from the equipment used to clean floors to the eco friendly cleaning solutions.
As Oak Industrial has grown so has the support we are able to offer our clients. Washroom service cleaning, handyman services and window cleaning have all be added to help support our clients whatever cleaning requirement they have.
Our growth of office cleaning services in Glasgow has predominantly been supported through word of mouth and existing customers recommending our service to others.
Experience: An experienced and trustworthy office cleaning company with extensive knowledge of a wide range if industries.
Reliability: An organisation that will be there to support you whatever your cleaning needs.
Comprehensive: A full range of support and services so you only ever need to pick up the phone to Oak Industrial and we'll be there to help.
Quality: Our staff, products, equipment and company are a quality provider of office cleaning services in Glasgow.
As a flexible and reliable provider of office cleaning services in Glasgow we will give you our very best quote. If you have a price in mind we can build a proposition around this for you.
To speak to a director from Oak Industrial about office cleaning services please telephone 01738 632935 where we will be glad to help.
Top 10 Coolest Offices To Clean!
As commercial cleaning specialists we love the opportunity to clean difficult and complex projects. It's why we clean everything from offices – desks, floors and kitchen areas – through to the outside of high level buildings. Our specialist heights team can work at any level and have been helping businesses keep their premises clean since 1995. But, none of the buildings we help keep clean are as cool at these buildings.
Today, 6th March 2013, we're listing our top 10 coolest buildings to clean from around the world. Check back throughout the day as we'll be adding more and more to the list until we finalise the top 10.
You can also follow us on Twitter and Like us on Facebook to stay ahead of the next cool office!
Innocent drinks should be issued with a certificate and maybe even a cup for being so cool. From their launch they've done things differently and their office is no different. Their packaging wasn't just a way to bottle their lovely fruit drink but a way to make people laugh. They used comedy openly and we're afraid to try something new. The same can be said for their office environment. It's open planned with plenty of green plants and spacious surroundings. The benches and games tables make creativity flow and the meeting rooms are more like a coffee shop than a boardroom.
For this, Innocent drinks must make it into the top 10 coolest offices!
You don't necessarily need wings to work at Red Bull because they've installed a slide for their employees to get between floors! This has got to make it into the top 10 coolest office to clean list. The comfortable seating areas, relaxed feel and flowing architecture make Red Bull a stand out place to work. In terms of cleaning it looks fresh and easy to clean.
Ah, the internet giant that is Google has done it again. The Google offices include play areas, slides and and a chilled out working environment. Bright colours and vibrant community areas make Google a fun place to work but I've no idea how they'll keep that slide so clean!
Horizon media is a New York based company and their offices are out of this world. The building design is warm, fresh and inviting. The spacious environment is ideal for cleaning! Super awesome office space!
Melbourne based ANZ have made it into our top 10 coolest offices. They sheer size of the building should be noted but it's the intricate details that make the difference. The office includes bright break out zones, quiet areas, public cafes and an art gallery! You have to see it to believe it!
Bangkok based DTAC is a telecommunications company with a difference. The company has created a light, spacious environment for their employees and other stakeholders, with pool tables and fun zones. It must be a hard task to keep all those lights in working order! Can you imagine the electricity bill?
The Technology Centre Medical Science is based in Berlin – look how clean it is!! A team of people will clean this building round the clock. The building has to be recognised as a cool office simply because how clean it's kept. The beautiful architecture is easy on the eye.
The Los Angeles office of Moving Picture is out of this world. The space themed office is a cool office for sure. Fresh and innovative in design and beautifully clean. This must make the top 10 of coolest offices. Moving Picture has worked on popular commercials and it's not surprising they continue to grow.
The Guangzhou office for Ogilvy and Mather is a carnival of fun. The design of the building is open planned across multiple levels and has the carnival theme running throughout. The design is award winning and worthy of a place in our top 10 coolest offices to clean!
Our last cool office in our count down has to be YouTube. I mean seriously, they've placed a huge red fun slide in their office. A round of applause is required. Trying to shimmy down the slide slowly to keep it clean must be some task.
There must be more cool offices which we've missed out. What do you think about our list? Can you add to it or make it better?
We've cleaned car parks, factories, the outside of high rise buildings and cleaned up after flood damage, however some of these buildings would be a fantastic cleaning experience.
We recently explained about our office cleaning Scotland services as part of our commercial cleaning Scotland support. In today's changing economic climate it's important to partner with organisations that meet your similar business standards, that can be competitive on price without compromising on quality.
With almost 20 years experience with commercial cleaning in Scotland, Oak Industrial is a partner you can rely on for your business needs. Our commercial cleaning and washroom services offering has grown through word of mouth since 1995 and continues to thrive today.
Each company we work with is unique, they provide different services, operate at different hours and have a different level of support required from Oak Industrial. It's this uniqueness we love. There's nothing better than getting to know a company, understanding the complex intricacies that make the business unique and then finding ways to exceed our client's expectations.
The most important aspect of commercial cleaning for Scottish companies is reliability, which is where we excel. Our commercial cleaning is flexible, reliable and customise to your business need. Whether your business needs daily office cleaning, one off cleaning, carpet and upholstery services, factory cleaning or a number of any other commercial cleaning services we provide, a director at Oak Industrial will be happy to talk through your needs and create a proposal for your consideration.
Our commercial cleaning team in Scotland offer an extensive range of cleaning services for businesses. We split our divisions into cleaning and washroom services. Commercial washroom support includes managing public facilities, ensuring lavatories and toilet areas are clean and tidy, washrooms are well stocked with expected items and the electrical appliances are operating as standard.
Our commercial cleaning team often work with city centre offices to provide daily, weekly or infrequent cleaning of office locations. We can also provide industrial cleaning services for builders, factories and commercial business units.
We own all of our own industrial cleaning equipment and have been operating cleaning offices, factories and helping people and business with flood damage repairs since 1995.
If you ask us for a quotation for commercial cleaning or washroom services you will be glad you got in touch. Our prices are competitive while our business support and commercial cleaning standards are exceptional.
You can receive a free quick quote from Oak Industrial by giving us a call on 01738 632935 or completing the quick quote form of the side of this page.
There's a wide variety of support and services from Oak Industrial and just one of the services we provide is stocking business with the necessary materials to keep their business active.
Many businesses don't need us to clean their offices or manage their washroom area, but they don't want an excellent price for the essentials.
Whatever your business need, just give us a call and we can create a plan of how Oak Industrial can help.
Our janitor services team tailor our support to each client's need. Whether you have a busy washroom and need our support daily, weekly or monthly, we can customise a plan to suit your needs.
When you partner with Oak Industrial you get our experience and support as standard. Our clients who use our janitorial services also have the benefit of calling on us during emergencies, such as unexpected staff illness or emergency replacement of washroom products. Our clients are essential to how we operate and at the heart of everything we do.
Regardless of the level of support you need, your business can rely on Oak Industrial. Our experience and reputation means we work with businesses in Inverness, Aberdeen, Glasgow, Edinburgh and down to the borders. We're one of the few industrial cleaning companies which operates across the whole of Scotland.
If you would like to hear from Oak Industrial about our commercial cleaning and washroom services, including our janitorial services across Scotland, then please get in touch. You can email us via our website and we'll call you back or give us a call on 01738 632935. If you're local, we're based in Perth at 31 George Street, Perth, Scotland, PH1 5LA so why not drop by and say hello, alternatively, we can come and visit you.
This week we're helping companies with their commercial washroom cleaning, office cleaning and a couple of builders cleans in Scotland.
If you're interested in following Oak Industrial day to day why not like our Google+ page. There's interesting information and tips on cleaning. We also have a laugh or two along the way.
As a washroom services cleaning company based in Scotland, it's easy for us at Oak Industrial to say we are the best company, however, of course we would say that. When you're hiring a cleaning company you don't want false claims which are unsubstantiated, and neither do we.
Actually, at Oak Industrial it's vital that you're happy with your cleaning company so if there was ever a project where we were not the best company for you we would tell you. In fact, we have been known to recommend other companies. For instance, a company heard about our services in Manchester and wished us to provide washroom cleaning services. Unfortunately we felt we would not be able to meet our own high standards because of logistical problems – we only operate in Scotland – and that our service quality would be compromised. As a result we recommended another company. For us, it's only the best for every one of our clients or nothing at all.
It's this honesty that has served Oak Industrial well since 1995. So, that's why we believe it's essential to hire the right washroom cleaning company.
Selecting your washroom services cleaning company can take time and effort but it's worth the hassle. In the long term you will have selected a partner who will save your business money, provide reliable support and an exceptional cleaning service.
When you need a washroom cleaning company it's best to have an idea in your mind of the service, price and quality you expect. You may be over or under your expectations but at least you'll be able to set a benchmark and move it accordingly.
For example, how many times a day, week or month would you need washroom cleaning services? What price are you expecting to pay? What products are being used and how qualified are the cleaning team?
Which Washroom Cleaning Company Should I Hire?
Speak to respected industry associates as they may be able to recommend somebody. At Oak Industrial we appreciate when existing or previous customers recommend our services to another company. An Industry associate will be likely to know a local company with the experience to provide a high quality service. Alternatively, they could tell you about companies to avoid!
Check the age of a company. Many cleaning companies are very new to the commercial cleaning industry and that can mean that larger projects can be much tougher to manage long term. Oak Industrial was worked with small companies and large blue chip companies alike since 1995.
How quickly a company can react will make a difference for many companies. You want to partner with a company that can be there when you need them, even if it's short notice. We have over 100 staff across Scotland.
4. Get a quotation! It may eventually come down to price and while we always say look at the value, it can often be that the level of service and experience are tied between a number of companies so the price becomes a factor.
5. Finally, before you hire a washroom cleaning company in Scotland it's always advisable to speak to an existing customer who is receiving a similar service to the one you need. This will help you understand if the company is actually delivering the service it says it can.
We always provide every client with a free no obligation quotation as standard. Furthermore, we'll detail exactly the level of service you can expect for the money so you have all the information to make an informed decision on your washroom cleaning partner.
If you would like to speak to us about your washroom services cleaning needs please call 01738 632935 and a director at Oak Industrial will be glad to speak to you about your cleaning needs.
The trick to managing a successful washroom area is in the scent. The smell of a washroom area will linger in the mind long after a person has left the washroom area. An air freshener unit within the washroom area is a simple, cost effective route to ensure your washroom area smells fresh and clean at all times.
The advancement of commercial air freshener units has come a long way. The design and technology used is far more advanced compared to household air fresheners. Our air fresheners for washroom areas are built to meet your needs.
For example, why would you want the air freshener to spray a fresh aroma when nobody is using the facilities? Well, our air freshener units are intelligent and know when to release the fresh fragrance and when it's not necessary. It's more than a timer system and it means businesses can be cost effective in their washroom area, without having to worry about compromising the level of quality.
There are various commercial air freshener units and we adapt our service and product range to meet your business needs. Our air freshener units also come with a variety of fragrances. These fragrances are tailored specifically for each commercial organisation.
Our washroom air freshener units are vital for any washroom services area. Visually, a washroom area should always be cleaned to a very high standard, soap dispensers should be stocked as should vending machines, however often the other senses are forgotten about.
The smell of a washroom area is just as important as the visual aspects. Washroom areas should be inviting and one way to do this is to ensure your washroom smells fresh and clean. An air freshener unit releasing a short burst of fragrance at an appropriate time can be the difference between a positive washroom experience and a negative one.
Why an Oak Industrial Air Freshener Unit?
There are plenty of commercial air freshener companies on the market but nobody like Oak Industrial. It's because since 1995 we've been constantly adapting to remain the best customer service cleaning company in Scotland.
We support our clients from start to finish with cleaning and washroom services. Whether it's an air freshener unit or washroom cleaning we can help. Our clients know they can trust us whatever the project. Our high level cleaning team, builders cleaning team or washroom services experts will provide the same quality of service for every client.
If you would like to find out more about our washroom services and air freshener units then please telephone 01738 632935.


This is a re-post of an article on Veria Living by Katie Ginder-Vogel.
Halloween can be very frightening for children with food allergies and their parents. With a little planning, Halloween can be both fun and safe. Be sure your child is also wearing a medical ID. Here's to a very Happy Halloween to all!
Halloween can seem like a minefield to families of children with severe nut allergies. An estimated 2.1 percent of children in the U.S. are allergic to peanuts or tree nuts (peanuts are a legume, unlike a tree nut). In some cases, children have severe anaphylactic reactions to the initial exposure and experience a second reaction several hours later—a terrifying ordeal for them and their parents.
With so many items – especially Halloween candy – made in facilities that process nuts, it can be problematic to take a child trick-or-treating. Not to mention the anxiety of trying to keep that child safe at school, at Halloween parties and anywhere else he might be.
For parents of children with allergies, the key to managing Halloween is to take precautionary measures. Lucas' son usually wears a costume with gloves to protect him from a contact reaction during trick-or-treating.
Lucas cautions that the smaller "fun size" candy isn't always individually labeled, and some companies make all of Halloween-size products – with and without nuts – on the same line, just for the giant Halloween bags.
As with most things, awareness and education are the keys to increasing safety, and when the community gets involved to help families, everyone benefits.
Community members can help by offering nut-free candy that hasn't been processed anywhere near nuts. Or, better yet, offer alternative treats, like small toys that kids can play with as they're out trick-or-treating.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Katie Ginder-Vogel is a freelance writer and editor based in Madison, WI. She holds Bachelor's and Master's Degrees in English from Stanford University. An avid runner, hiker, and swimmer, Katie writes regularly about health and wellness. She has two children and a dog, who keep her company on the trail, on the road, and in the pool.
allergies, anaphylaxis, food allergies, food allergy ID, medical ID, medical ID bracelet, peanut allergy. Bookmark.


We are on a slippery slope indeed if we forget that work is fundamentally a human endeavour.
When a group finally comes face to face with its compelling reason for being the energy in the room suddenly shifts and you can literally feel the hairs stand on the back of your neck.
"We reached an inspiring clarity about who we are and what we are about. It will stand up to scrutiny not just internally but also, and very importantly, the scrutiny of our customers..."
"David and Paula worked us hard! But due to their professionalism, good listening skills and objectivity, they were able to get us to clarity and lead us to articulate who we are and what we are about."
"They have a wonderful capacity to listen and to feedback what they heard us say."
"Our whole reason for being is more inspirational now, not only because it clearly states what we're about but because it situates us within the organisation, and in the wider world."
"There seems to be a deeper sense of unity, commitment and openness among us. No one was holding onto their own point of view - it seemed that all of us were striving to reach decisions that were best for all of us."
Focus and Direction is a rigorous group process designed to guide participants to a deep sense of purpose and meaning.
In a series of 1-day workshops arranged to allow space for personal reflection between sessions, this facilitated process engages participants in an exacting search for clarity of mission and vision, with supporting values and behaviours as a basis for cohesion and appropriate discretionary behaviour.
A small group is established representing the diversity of the wider organisation so that the tensions of the wider group can find expression in the conversation around purpose and future direction.
This is no doddle! It's tough conversation all the way in which contradiction, difference and convergence are surfaced and explored until a clear view of the road emerges that is meaningful and relevant in the contemporary world.
When clarity of purpose and future direction are achieved, the pent-up energy that is released can completely revitalise the everyday experience in the workplace. Over and over, participants say they find the process of Focus and Direction personally transformative, and just as valuable as the outcome for the organisation.


The Transportation Asset Management Council is expanding the practice of asset management statewide to enhance the productivity of investing in Michigan's roads and bridges through coordination and collaboration among state and local transportation agencies. The Council's activities include surveying and reporting the condition of roads and bridges by functional classification categories and assessing completed and planned investments in roads and bridges. The Council also supports the development of appropriate asset management methodologies and provides education and training on the benefits of developing road improvement programs through the use of asset management principles and procedures.
TAMC is required by P.A. 499 of 2002 to prepare an annual report detailing its activities during the previous year, and its plans for the upcoming year. The most recently published Annual Report can be found here, along with links to several previous Annual Reports.
To ensure consistency, TAMC has adopted several policies governing the way data will be collected, stored, and distributed, for both Federal-Aid Eligible and Non-Federal-Aid roads. Those policies can be found here, along with the current bylaws that govern the organization and operation of TAMC.
All road agencies in Michigan are required to report annually on their finances: How much income did they have? Where did it come from? And how did they spend it? This report is referred to as ADARS, which stands for Act 51 Distribution and Reporting System. Road agencies are also required to report on all asset management-related road projects they have completed in the previous year. The tool for that reporting is called the Investment Reporting Tool.
The Administration, Communications, and Education Committee (ACE) addresses issues associated with the documentation of TAMC protocol including documents such as the Council bylaws. The Committee also drafts and edits Council communications that include the Council's annual report to the legislature and official press releases. The Committee's education responsibilities involve the management of the Council's roster of workshops and conferences throughout the year.
The annual statewide data collection through Pavement Surface Evaluation and Ratings (PASER), the Investment Reporting Tool (IRT), and the Act 51 Distribution and Reporting System (ADARS) is initially analyzed by the Data Committee in association with MDOT staff to the Council. The Committee reviews the collection methodology as well as the most effective means or publishing the data itself.
The Bridge Committee focuses on how to apply transportation asset management practices to the unique needs of Michigan's bridge infrastructure.


text:
Q: brew update fails with "Permission denied" error I have been trying to upgrade my brew installation on Mac and it always fails with the following error:
Error: An unexpected error occurred during the `brew link` step
The formula built, but is not symlinked into /usr/local
Permission denied @ dir_s_mkdir - /usr/local/Frameworks
Error: Permission denied @ dir_s_mkdir - /usr/local/Frameworks

I do not want to run brew as sudo, but is there a way to fix this error? I'm not able to install Python3 which is my ultimate goal. Is there another way to install Pythion3 on Mc other than brew? Is there any resolution for this problem here?
EDIT: I tried to remove python3 and tried to re install it again and this time it fails with some other message:
==> Pouring python-3.6.5.high_sierra.bottle.1.tar.gz
Error: An unexpected error occurred during the `brew link` step
The formula built, but is not symlinked into /usr/local
Permission denied @ dir_s_mkdir - /usr/local/Frameworks
Error: Permission denied @ dir_s_mkdir - /usr/local/Frameworks

A: Try to change owner of /usr/local.
if you use macOS High Sierra or higher try this command:
sudo chown -R $(whoami) $(brew --prefix)/*

if you use macOS Sierra or lower:
sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local

A: In Mac OSX Mojave, installing Python3, I solved this issue by the following:
sudo mkdir /usr/local/Frameworks
sudo chown -R user:group /usr/local/Frameworks/
brew link python

Where user and group are specified as set by the OS. You can find out what user/group values should be by doing:
 ls -al /usr/local

And then python3 was successfully installed:
> python3
Python 3.7.2 (default, Feb 12 2019, 08:15:36)
[.Clang 10.0.0 (clang-1000.11.45.5)] on darwin

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home » Noma Bar
Noma Bar loves to tell visual stories. With a deft touch he can imbue simple graphic forms with political and social commentary, or manipulate everyday icons to create witty, double-take images that make you look once, twice, three times. With his bold use of colours, shapes and pared down iconography, Noma's instantly recognizable style has established him as one of the world's most in-demand illustrators and an Outline Editions favourite.
Noma was born in 1973 in Israel and now lives and works in North London. He's a heavyweight in the illustration world, with his work appearing for Time Out, BBC, Random House, The Observer, The Economist, The Guardian and Wallpaper*. He has illustrated over one hundred magazine covers, published over 550 illustrations and released three books of his work: Guess Who - The Many Faces of Noma Bar in 2008, Negative Space in 2009 and Bittersweet 2017, a 680 page 5 volume monograph produced in a Limited Edition of 1000 published by Thames & Hudson.
Noma's work has been recognised widely, his awards include a Gold Clio, a Yellow Pencil award at the D&AD Professional Awards and his London Design Festival exhibition 'Cut It Out', was selected as one of the highlights of the festival. The project was nominated in the graphics category for the Design Museum, Designs Of the Year.
All Products Bright cat 3 Cut Out Liberty monochrome Nature New Night Tube Noma Bar Noma Bar Portraits Print Screenprint summer style Unique valentine
Evolutionary Thought 2
Design Museum SML Cut Out (i)
S.M.L. 2
Design Museum SML Cut Out (ii)
Design Museum SML Cut Out (iii)
Design Museum SML Cut Out (iv)
Pointed Sense Metallic
Night Train 2
Wish You Were Here (Lilac)


While the calendar may say Spring, we here in Buffalo we are still caught in the icy grip of a seemingly never-ending winter. And on top of those frigid temps and winds we have yet to break free of, we also have to deal with damaging storms, snow, sleet, slush and freezing rain. But, as Buffalonians, we're built to not only survive whatever Mother Nature throws at us, but thrive despite of it, and thankfully we have more than a few places to escape to in order to beat the weather outside.
While there are plenty of things to do outside while embracing whatever falls from the sky, if you're into that sort of thing, there are more than enough establishments to duck into to grab a fresh, locally made beer and weather any storm. Here are six of the best spots to spend some time at when the weather outside is frightful.
There's just something about enjoying a fresh pint while fireside, one of the things that makes Hamburg Brewing truly unique thanks to their massive floor-to-ceiling stone fireplace. The breweries' ski lodge feel makes it one of more distinctive spots in WNY. There's also TV's, plenty of seating, food and wine available, so they have you covered.
Pressure Drop Brewing, located inside the Lakeward Spirits taproom at the Old First Ward's Barrel Factory, literally offers something for everyone. Beer, wine, courtesy of Leonard Oakes Winery, craft cocktails, cider, courtesy of Bar Cultivar, also located inside Barrel Factory, pinball, board games and more. After you grab a drink, make sure you grab a spot by the fireplace – you can thank us later.
CBW's new home on 7th Street not only has great craft beer, wine and craft cocktails, they also have food service and a huge game room full of pinball machines and a shuffleboard table. A huge bar and plenty of tables also offer more than enough room to grab a pint of Frank Pale Ale and just relax.
Take it from us – we have rode out many a storm inside the welcoming walls of Resurgence Brewing. Steel tip dart boards, giant Jenga, giant Connect Four, pinball and bubble hockey, plus beer and wine makes for a good time, regardless of what is going on outside.
Pearl Street offers multiple floors of weather-beating opportunities – numerous full service bars, a full kitchen, dartboards, pool tables, pinball and so much more. We recommend grabbing a pint of Sabres Edge Double IPA and grabbing seat by the nearest TV. It's a great place to catch a game.
Great food and great beer, both things Big Ditch offers up in spades. What else could you possible need when you are looking to get out from under the elements? Head upstairs and grab a seat at the bar, or better yet, grab a seat on the couch in the lounge, the closer to the fireplace the better. And make sure you get in a few games or shuffleboard and darts while you're up there.


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Twelve MLB draft prospects to know from the state of Georgia
Braves fans love their hometown heroes, well here are twelve names to watch for in the 2022 MLB draft
By Garrett Spain@BravesMILB Jul 14, 2022, 2:00pm EDT
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The MLB draft is coming up on June 17th, and once again the state of Georgia is a hot bed for some of the top talent in the draft. Many of these players won't make it to the Braves at 20th overall, but are names to familiarize yourself with if you're looking at the top of the draft.
Druw Jones, OF- The son of Atlanta Braves legend Andruw Jones has all of the tools to live up to his father's name, as he has quickly become the near-consensus number one prospect in this draft. The Gatorade Player of the Year for Georgia, Jones had a phenomenal spring in which he showed off superstar level talent, including double plus defense and raw power that could make him a feared home run hitter. He won't get to the Braves at 20, but he has all the tools to be the next big thing to come out of the state of Georgia.
No. 1 high-school prospect Druw Jones silences the crowd.
via @kileymcd pic.twitter.com/58DL5itHDE
— Bally Sports South (@BallySportsSO) March 3, 2022
Termarr Johnson, 2B - Hailing from Mays High School, Johnson may be the best pure hitter in the class, and despite his 5'10 frame he has the power to be one of the better hitters in the sport. Johnson will be in the running along with Jones for the top overall pick with the sort of offensive potential teams dream of having in their system. Johnson is likely a second baseman at the next level, but regardless of where he plays his offensive ability will carry him to his future.
Kevin Parada, C - Parada was an instant star for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets as a freshman, and has continued to hit his way to the top of the draft class. Parada hit an absurd 26 home runs and had a 1.162 OPS in 2022 and is expected to be the first catcher taken off of the board in this draft. Parada has the offensive profile to be one of the top hitting backstops in the major leagues, although his defense still needs a bit of refining for him to be ready to handle a big league staff.
As a true freshman Kevin Parada had an absurd .929 OPS. He is following that up with an astounding start to his sophomore campaign that is seeing him hit .514/.581/1.135 (1.716 OPS) with 6 homers and 3 SB pic.twitter.com/GkzDed1wfg
— Gaurav (@gvedak) March 2, 2022
Cam Collier, 3B - Collier currently attends Chipola Junior College in Florida, but he originally went to school in Austell, GA before getting a GED and going the JuCo route to reclassify a year early. Collier is one of the youngest hitters in this class and has all of the look of a star with athleticism and hitting ability that teams clamor for. His power potential may determine his future role overall, but there is belief in the industry that there is raw power to tap into that could make his high level hit tool play into stardom.
Dylan Lesko, RHP - The Buford native was on his way to being the first pitcher taken in this draft after winning Gatorade National Player of the Year as a Junior, but Tommy John surgery in April knocked him off his pedestal and will keep him from the very top of the draft. When healthy, he is an electric right handed arm with a particularly good changeup that grades out as potentially the best overall pitch in the draft. If a team is confident in the medicals they could be getting the best pitcher in the draft and one that is more major league ready than most prep arms.
Buford (Ga.) RHP Dylan Lesko got 12 swings and misses tonight. Here they are, organized by pitch type. #MLBDraft pic.twitter.com/JgqG3RkKnY
— Josh Norris (@jnorris427) April 7, 2022
Jonathan Cannon, RHP - Cannon is the top prospect from the University of Georgia this season, and has an electric arm that makes him an easy eye opener for scouts. His mid-90's fastball isn't typically a strikeout pitch and does more to induce ground balls, which has kept him from being a likely candidate for a first round pick despite also having strong secondary offerings. He controls his 6'6 frame very well and has above average command, but his perceived lack of ceiling due to his low strikeout totals has pushed him into being a second round candidate.
Sam Horn, RHP - Horn has some potential as a shortstop prospect, but the industry as a whole loves him for his right arm that has shown off mid-90's velocity. As a quarterback he led Collins Hill High School to the 7-A state championship and as a pitcher he has a chance to be a late day one draft pick. He is athletic and loose on the mound with a curveball that has shown strong potential, although his commitment to football has taken away development time and makes him particularly hard to sign away from Missouri.
Colby Thomas, OF - The Valdosta High School and now Mercer Bears representative has some of the best raw power in this draft. Thomas has huge raw power and hit 17 home runs this spring, though a torn labrum and some questions about his hit tool have prevented him from taking a step up in draft rankings. Thomas represents a particularly high-risk, high-reward college bat as a player who could tap into raw power and be a middle of the lineup force or simply never hit enough to become a regular.
Here's a couple of well struck balls from Colby Thomas (Mercer, 2022). First one was a deep flyout to center, the second was scalded 101 MPH for a single. pic.twitter.com/8ud12Zg21q
— Will Hoefer (@whoeferbaseball) July 22, 2021
Chandler Pollard, IF - Coming out of Woodward Academy in College Park, Pollard has all of the tools to be an impact shortstop at the next level. Pollard is one of the best runners in the class and has a strong arm which should allow him to stick at shortstop at the professional level. There is some questions about his actions on the defensive end, but the athleticism is there to develop. Pollard has a big frame with raw power potential but the biggest question and split in the industry is whether he'll hit enough to tap into his immense toolset.
Chandler Simpson, 2B - Georgia Tech has a trio of potential day two picks, with transfer Chandler Simpson getting a lot of attention for his blazing speed. His wheels make him dynamic on the base paths and will allow him to fit up the middle on defense, although his lack of arm strength will keep him off of shortstop. He doesn't have the power to be an impact bat, if a major league starter at all, but he can really put the bat on the ball, draw walks, and cause chaos when he gets on the bases.
Tres Gonzalez, OF - Gonzalez is another interesting player from Georgia Tech, with offensive ability that has intrigued scouts since he was drafted out of Mount Vernon Presbyterian School in 2019. Gonzalez can play all three outfield spots although he is not an elite defender by any means, but his money will be made with his bat. Gonzalez draws rave reviews for his approach and ability to make contact with the only hole being his fringe-at-best power.
Zach Maxwell, RHP - Georgia Tech's big righty with a big arm, Maxwell's college career has been marked by inconsistency but emphatic potential. Maxwell had a career 14.7 K/9 at Georgia Tech and struck out 25 batters in 11 1⁄2 innings in the Cape Cod League in 2021, but he has been a constant source of walks with 98 in 97 2⁄3 career innings. He touches triple digits with his fastball and has a deep slider with elite spin rates, but cannot control either very well. Scouts have questions about his conditioning, and the hope for Maxwell is that a better program may allow him to lose weight and better control his body and release.
Zach Maxwell coming in with the bases loaded and no out... And incinerating the side.
Hitting 101mph on his last pitch. pic.twitter.com/MS2L0AmjbI
— Rob Friedman (@PitchingNinja) April 9, 2022
Nike reportedly wants only four jerseys per MLB team The throwbacks are likely going away
Darren O'Day announces his retirement The longtime relief pitcher, and two-time Atlanta Brave, announced his retirement today after parts of 15 seasons in MLB.


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Egg Donation: An Act of Kindness to Consider
23rd April 2019 ← View all posts
When it comes to donation, unsung heroes make hugely meaningful, life-changing contributions every day – from the selfless donation of blood, bone marrow or organs, to fundraising and volunteering of all kinds, to the financial donations which make vital research and aid possible. It's these efforts that save, extend or enhance peoples' lives all across the globe. However, one type of donation is not normally considered, despite its profound impact on those it helps: egg donation.
The following quote, shared with us by the friend of an Altrui egg recipient, captures the meaningful impact that egg donation can have…
"The journey to having a child for two of my very close friends has been a very long and difficult road. To watch them go through so many disappointments and losses has been tough, especially when you feel so hopeless as a friend and that, although emotionally you can support, physically there is nothing you can do. For someone to donate their own eggs to a complete stranger is such a selfless and generous act. Many people donate their organs or their blood but not that many donate their eggs. IVF has changed so many people's lives, and with egg donating it gives so many more people more of a chance. I wish I could thank the lady who donated her eggs to my friends, she is a very special person."
Approximately 1 in 6 couples in Europe struggle with infertility and, alongside it, stress, anxiety and often depression. According to the Fertility Network, 42% of patients of fertility treatment have felt suicidal while 90% reported depression. Fertility treatment using donor eggs is one way to help those who are otherwise unable to have children.
There are many reasons why egg donors are needed. Recipients who have had several failed IVF attempts using their own eggs, inheritable genetic diseases, endometriosis, cancer and chemotherapy treatment – all of which can have a devastating effect on a woman's fertility – are desperate for help. Also, gay couples who wish to have their own baby through a surrogate rely on the kindness of a donor's help. Simply put, for people longing to be parents to their own biological children, a donor's altruistic act of giving eggs is the most precious gift for which they are forever grateful—one that turns their lives around and transforms the dream of having a child into reality. Being matched together for anonymous, 1:1 donation is a hugely special bond – recipients sometimes refer their donor as being their 'guardian angel', and for very good reason.
Sadly, despite the publicity and growing openness surrounding IVF and infertility, there is a huge lack of awareness about egg donation. Disturbingly, there are many myths exaggerating the difficulty, stress and inconvenience involved in being an egg donor when, in reality, donation is simple, quick and easy. Women can become egg donors whether or not they've had children, and even after they've had sterilisation. Plus, the requirements to qualify as a donor are plain and straightforward. Ordinary women can do amazing things for others.
Given the lifetime of positive change egg donation brings to all parties involved, what a pity that it's not normalised like other donations… at Altrui, we're doing our best to change this. We put great emphasis on making this highly personal journey as well-supported, rewarding and potentially successful as possible for both donors and recipients, and we strive to educate those interested in learning more about egg donation.
We're here to make this possible, so if you'd like to find out more about being an egg donor, please send us a message by email info@altrui.co.uk, text to 07972511097 or call us on 01969 667875 – we'd love to hear from you!


April is upon us with Easter just around the corner. We've still got availability for last minute Easter breaks – great if you want the kids to blow off some steam or if you just hanker for a quiet week away.
We've also got some amazing special offers, so take a scroll through and see if there's anything available that will tempt you.
Don't forget that we visit all our properties to ensure they meet our standards and we don't charge booking or administration fees.
Many of you will have noticed that we've done a bit of a Spring cleaning! We hope you like the new look and we look forward to bringing you some new features in the coming months that will make it even easier to find your ideal Scottish holiday cottage and book securely online.
We know that many of you like to search on a map for cottages and we've reintroduced a dedicated page that allows you to see where all our cottages are across Scotland in one easy view. See our Find a Holiday Cottage on a Map page for what we've come up with – zoom in and clcik on any cottage for more information.
We'll be adding the usual filters and adding more information to the pop ups soon so keep an eye out for improvements.
This property is simply amazing. You don't have to take our word for it, it was featured on the More 4 Impossible Builds program, and you can see why.
Situated in the North West of Scotland's Assynt region, it provides incredible views from a stunning location. Cala couldn't be further away from the traditional holiday cottage, but it still blends in with the landscape with its charred Larch exterior.
Cala provides all the facilities you'd expect from a modern holiday rental, but if you're relying on technology to provide entertainment you might be missing the point.
Assynt is all about the scenery, but there are other attractions that might tempt you away from the cosy wood burner or rugged hills. Some enterprising locals have set up small attractions that are within a reasonably short drive and it's certainly worth exploring to find out what Assynt has to offer.
If you are looking for a relatively remote holiday cottage in some incredible scenery, some of the best Scotland has to offer, Cala might be for you.


The mirror arrived safe and sound and my wife said it was exactly as she had imagined and was quite impressed with it. Thank you for your prompt dispatch and delivery by Cope was good. Can't photograph the mirror in place yet as the room is still being redecorated.


Amazon Web Services' European expansion continues apace, with the company announcing the planned launch of a new region in Stockholm, Sweden, next year.
The Stockholm region will join four other AWS regions in Europe -- Ireland, which opened a full decade ago; Frankfurt, which launched in 2014; London, the newest, having opened late last year; and Paris, which is expected to open by year's end.
In AWS parlance, a region is a single location that contains one or more availability zones, which in turn contain one or more datacenters. The upcoming Stockholm region will have three availability zones, according to a blog post Tuesday by Amazon.com CTO Werner Vogels, bringing the total number of European availability zones to 13 by the time it opens.
This, in addition to the two dozen edge network locations that AWS has in Europe, means good news for European businesses that require a high degree of fault tolerance in their applications, as well as flexibility with regard to where they can legally store their cloud data, Vogels contended.
"After the launch of the AWS EU (Stockholm) Region, there will be 13 Availability Zones in Europe for customers to build flexible, scalable, secure, and highly available applications. It will also give customers another region where they can store their data with the knowledge that it will not leave the EU unless they move it," he wrote.
AWS is positioning the launch of a Stockholm region as a strategic move, given the country's reputation as a hotbed of entrepreneurial activity. As AWS evangelist Jeff Barr noted in a separate blog post, Sweden was named the "EU Innovation Leader" in 2016 by the European Commission.
Vogels added that the wider Nordic region is home to a growing stable of major AWS customers, including furniture giant IKEA, airline companies Finnair and WOW air, game developers Mojang and Supercell, and commercial vehicle manufacturer Scania. AWS has significantly built up its presence in the area in response, he said.
"In 2011, AWS opened a Point of Presence (PoP) in Stockholm to enable customers to serve content to their end users with low latency," Vogels said. "In 2014 and 2015 respectively, AWS opened offices in Stockholm and Espoo, Finland. We have also added teams in the Nordics to help customers of all sizes as they move to AWS, including account managers, solutions architects, business developers, partner managers, professional services consultants, technology evangelists, start-up community developers, and more."
Many high-profile AWS partners also have operations in the Nordic region, including Accenture, Tieto, Wipro and Capgemini.
Currently, the number of live AWS regions stands at 16, comprising 42 availability zones. Besides Paris and Stockholm, the company also plans to open a new region in China later this year. These three forthcoming regions will combine for an additional eight availability zones. A map of AWS' global datacenter infrastructure is available here.


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You are here: Home Reports & data Injury Injury of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people due to transport, 2003-04 to 2007-08
Go to Injury
Injury of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people due to transport, 2003-04 to 2007-08
Author: Henley G
Henley G 2010. Injury of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people due to transport, 2003-04 to 2007-08. Cat. no. INJCAT 134. Canberra: AIHW.
Henley G. (2010). Injury of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people due to transport, 2003-04 to 2007-08. Canberra: AIHW.
Henley G. Injury of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people due to transport, 2003-04 to 2007-08. AIHW, 2010.
Henley G. Injury of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people due to transport, 2003-04 to 2007-08. Canberra: AIHW; 2010.
Henley G 2010, Injury of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people due to transport, 2003-04 to 2007-08, AIHW, Canberra.
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Land transport accidents accounted for 20% of fatal injury cases and 8% of all injury hospitalisations for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Based on age-standardised rates, there were 2.7 times more fatalities and 20% more serious injury among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people compared to other Australians.
Cat. no: INJCAT 134
All transport injury
Land transport injury
Body section
Injury of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people due to transport, 2003–04 to 2007–08
Rates of fatal injury by mode of transport
Rates of serious injury by mode of transport
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander land transport injury, 2003–04 to 2007–08
Age and sex distribution
Remoteness area
Remoteness areas by injured person's vehicle and Indigenous status
Mechanism of injury
Time trends
Appendix: Data issues
Comparability with reports by other organisations
Ascertainment of Indigenous status
Population and other denominators
Classification of remoteness area
Suppression of small cell counts in tables


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News> Hong Kong> Content
HK, Singapore ink deal on infrastructure project exchange
By Wang Zhan
Published:13:05, December 02, 2022 Updated:13:07, December 02, 2022 By Wang Zhan
Permanent Secretary for Development (Works) Ricky Lau (left) and Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Finance of Singapore Tan Ching Yee (right) signed a Memorandum of Understanding in Singapore on Dec 1 to enhance expertise and experience exchanges in infrastructure project management and delivery. (PHOTO / HKSAR GOVERNMENT)
HONG KONG – Hong Kong's Development Bureau and Singapore's finance ministry signed a memorandum of understanding on Thursday in Singapore to enhance expertise and experience exchanges in infrastructure project management and delivery.
Permanent Secretary for Development (Works) Ricky Lau and the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Finance of Singapore Tan Ching Yee signed the MoU on behalf of their sides.
The collaboration and exchanges between the two places would be conducive to the development of the construction industry, said Permanent Secretary for Development (Works) Ricky Lau
Hong Kong and Singapore invested in infrastructure to generate long-term benefit for society, and shared similarities in the implementation of infrastructure projects, said Lau.
ALSO READ: HK, Singapore boost cooperation in energy-related matters
The collaboration and exchanges between the two places would be conducive to the development of the construction industry, he added.
The deal will strengthen the collaboration in raising the productivity and performance of the construction industries in the respective markets and transforming project delivery through adoption of digitization and innovative construction methods, as well as enhancing the leadership competency and project delivery capability of project leaders.
READ MORE: Singapore exchange takes on HK with dual-class shares
John Kwong, head of the Project Strategy and Governance Office of the Development Bureau, and Chia Ser Huei, executive director of the Centre for Public Project Management of the Ministry of Finance of Singapore, were also present at the event.