Looking to stay fit while traveling? Running is a great travel workout to help you stay in shape while on the road.
Travel fitness is a topic you don't see discussed very often. However, the difficulty of staying fit while traveling is easy to understate. We tend to thinsuk of travel itself as a form of exercise, which it's not. Yeah, you walk around a lot while traveling, probably more than you do at home, but you also probably eat and drink more. Additionally staying in shape requires a routine, which we often eschew while exploring new places and new cultures.
Whatever your chosen method of staying fit is, a bit of foresight is required to make sure you can indulge in your travel workout of choice. Personally, I love running. I might even be addicted to it. Thankfully, running while traveling is pretty easy to accomplish, since all I really need are my running shoes and an open road. There ARE, however, a few things to consider and plan for if you want to employ running as your method of staying fit while traveling.
Being that I have a bit of experience in both travel and running, here are 10 tips, in no particular order, to help those who want to run while wandering the globe.
I was in Phoenix once and had the chance to run midday. "Oh, it's only 86 degrees, and it feels cool," I thought. I was also in the desert. At midday. So I put on a little sunscreen, grabbed a small bottle of water and set out. I was thirsty well before I usually am – I made it back safely, but looked in the mirror and my face was so red it was purple. Long story short, I didn't pay attention to the fact I was in the freaking desert and did not plan my run accordingly.
So if you're in extreme weather, at altitude, or even somewhere you've never experienced the climate, be careful, be smart and let your body adjust.
So you're used to running 4 miles, every day. You're also used to your own pillow, knowing with whom you're sharing living quarters, and being on Eastern Standard Time.
While traveling, things are going to be different, including your running schedule: a solid 6 mile run maybe twice a week when you're rested, you've explored a city and you feel ready to head out, is better than a couple of scattered 2-mile runs after a late night, while jet-lagged or even in the middle of a hot day.
Plan accordingly to run, and make each run really count.
You've chosen running as your travel exercise of choice and you can't wait to hit the pavement/sand/trail. Well, not be be a downer but you're not going to be able to run outside in every destination. End of story. Either it's not possible, the air quality is extremely poor, or, it simply might not be safe. Before leaving on your trip, take this into account so you can adequately plan where and when you will be running on your journey.
While traveling, money can be tight and you may just be eating less frequently than usual. Or you may be eating poorly, indulging in fatty foods. Fortunately, almost every place in the world has grocery stores: fruit and nuts are always cheap. Keep nuts and some form of protein bar with you at all times for immediate post-run nutrition, then venture out for local fare. There's nothing like a cafe au lait, baguette with ham and cheese after a run around Paris, and if you find yourself in Germany…well, let's just say that a beer is a great post-run beverage. Carbs, people.
Any moisture-wicking material is ideal for people who need to rinse sweaty clothes…and go. To this, you should add basic but thin layers – one or two long-sleeved shirts – and be sure to buy a really good pair of leggings. They may be pricey, but you'll only need one. Ditto with a jacket. And depending on said jacket, it can also double as something all-weather and wearable during the day, which will make the initial price seem less scary.
Before I headed to Berlin, I downloaded an app that showed a map of the city and where I was offline. This meant I didn't go crazy with a data plan and GPS, but I always knew where I was while out running, and to where I wanted to run. Do a bit of research and find the right app for you – and if you do have a data plan, then Google Maps will be your best friend.
No matter how safe your destination is, you're still in a foreign country. Therefore, the 2 am jet-lagged run might seem like a good idea, but in all honesty, it's not. Try and run at times of the day when people are out and about – mornings and early evenings are great and, weather permitting, a midday run can really clue you in to how locals spend their day.
Never tried "trail" running before? Scared of hitting the sand? Being in a new environment gives you the chance to shake up your running routine. Work with where you're staying, rather than sticking to the main roads all the time but, as always, find out from someone who lives there whether or not it is a good idea to run in the woods, or if that patch of beach is safe. When in doubt, do stick to main roads, always stick to populated areas, but use your new, temporary home as a chance to try something new.
One of the great things about using running as your travel workout is all the places your feet can take you. Every time I've been able to travel and fit in runs, I've seen more of the cities or countries in which I stayed than I would trying to comb the city on foot alone. Run to a different spot you might not choose to visit, use your run as an excuse to check out a local park, or even explore a different neighborhood. Just enjoy, and absorb your surroundings.
Being injured at the best of times is no fun. Being injured in a foreign country without friends and family, health insurance or maybe even command of the local language is up there with Things I Don't Fancy Happening While Traveling. If you do want to keep running and keep exploring, pay attention to how you're feeling. Don't run through a slight twinge. Don't keep your 6 mile run even though you're exhausted and jet lagged. And don't forget to stretch and take rest days, maybe even doing some yoga too.
Being mindful of your physical state on a regular basis will surely help you keep running in many countries and locations to come.
Miriam Lamey is a New York-based writing, running, yoga practitioner, who believes in balance and embracing the moment. One day, she wants to visit Barcelona, Brittany, and Bali, perhaps in that order. She blogs at Within and Without and is on Twitter @mirseven.
Disclaimer – As you can see we included handy little affiliate links for some of the above items, in case any of our readers want to order them from Amazon. We receive a small commission for any sales made, without any additional cost to you, our dear reader.
Hey, great tips. I'm just starting out running…ok…honestly I'm *thinking* about starting running and it is a challenge to run and travel at the same time.
Your first tip is really the jab in the *whatever* that I need: I'm really bad for doing an exercise routine come Hell or high water, and sometimes it goes from silly to completely ridiculous. Realistic is not something I do well.
I know running is great exercise and being *outside* exercising is really good for your body (it's actually in a recent post of mine) and these tips are going to help me get started. Thanks for posting!
These are great tips! I do a lot of running on my travels and even travel to complete races. I'd have to say researching routes and weather give me the most anxiety despite all the prep. I agree whole heartedly with your last tip: listening to your body is most important even when your running in your home town.
All the best in your running endeavors!


Anyone who follows the indie gaming scene will no doubt have crossed paths with plenty of Stephen Lavelle's games before, although they may well know him better as "Increpare".
Lavelle has been pushing the boundaries of game mechanics for a good few years now, with short but deep experiences that can potentially cause the player to question what real innovation in video games is.
English Country Tune is Lavelle's first commercial title, all his previous releases having been free to download up to this point. All those years of honing his skills appear to have paid off too, as his first paid release has earned him an IGF nomination for Excellence In Design.
As part of Gamasutra's Road to the IGF series, Lavelle discusses why he decided to charge money for this game, and which elements he was forced to cut out of the final vision.
It depends on the game. There are certain general inspirations and role-models, but most of no general interest. I feel like I haven't had a new thought in about two years, and I've more or less "used up" everything I could think of. So I'm trying to think of new things, and it's proving hard work. I let myself go, both culturally and intellectually, and now I'm paying the price. Grrr.
What development tools did you use to develop English Country Tune?
Unity. Music was a mix of Reason, Garageband and some custom-made tools (that are single-purpose enough to not be worth preparing for general consumption). Photoshop.
8 months in total, though I took some breaks during development.
The next stage I treated the game as a technical exercise in design, trying to add mechanics and design levels for them - then I spent a month or so thinking about narrative arrangements, and large-scale plans, none of which made it into the final game.
Are there any elements that you experimented with that just flat out didn't work with your vision?
Oh, many many things. Let me briefly mention one. I wanted for a time to have a large continuous world with the puzzles being self contained but still seamlessly connected to some adventuring space, perhaps giving room for a meta-game. However, this was before I started designing levels in earnest. Once I got into making levels properly, all of the levels I could come up with were these super-compact affairs, requiring total isolation, the exact opposite of what I had hoped for. I didn't have any choice but to respect the way the game wanted to grow, really, so I took what I was able to make and ran with it.
In addition to (conscious) visions, there were also (subconscious) assumptions - one assumption was that the game would get harder the further you would go. But, try as I might, I couldn't make levels that were non-trivially difficult and still interesting. This is very likely due to some combination of the relatively short length of time I spent making the game, the relative novelty of some of the mechanics, and my deficiencies as a games designer. But difficulty isn't the be-all-and-end-all of level organization - there are many other approaches to arranging levels.
This is the first time you've put a price tag on a game - if I remember rightly, you told us during our IndieGames podcast that you had no intentions of charging money for any of your games. What changed?
Last May, when I was living off my savings (asking for donations gave me an immediate chunk of cash but weren't sustainable as a source of income), someone quite graciously offered to help me out with a no-strings subsistence stipend, with the intention of supporting the making of games that wouldn't necessarily be financially viable.
By this stage I was working on English Country Tune, which was, well, the sort of thing that looked like it might be financially viable. I felt an obligation to him to not waste his money, basically. (There are many other possible stories, but that's the one that convinces me the most).
How do you feel that your first commercial game launch has gone?
It wasn't entirely pleasant, but it's gone as well as can be expected. No serious bugs, people were able to buy it with problems. Emotionally it was a bit strange. Submitting to the App Stores in particular + waiting for approval was a very odd ritual for me - hard as I tried to be nonchalant, it was quite a nervous week.
Commercially it's gone badly. The game's nowhere near making back it's money (maybe $5000 in sales out of $13000 to make (ignoring income from the aforementioned patronage), and by now sales are averaging about $15 a day). I submitted the game to Steam at launch, but haven't heard anything back from them. I'm guessing that an IGF nomination increases my chances of getting on to Steam quite a bit, which would likely result in my recouping of the costs of development and probably a little bit more.
Have you been satisfied with the response from fans and the press?
I always knew that people's experiences would be a mixed affair, so reviews were likely to be similarly hit-or-miss. And so they were. Which is fine, really. One curious phenomenon was that I found myself far more emotionally affected by positive reviews than I usually do - kind words by a reviewer in a respected publication would elicit warm, fond, and utterly unexpected feelings of gratitude. IGF changed as well for me - it felt perfectly right to submit it, whereas nothing else I've made really felt like it made sense to submit.
As for people buying and playing the game, well, they've been grand.
If I could go back in time, I would probably have told myself to not make the game, to wait and try to think of something that I'm really passionate about to work on, rather than something as conventional as ECT. I'm happy that I made it I think - it was a step into the unknown, but it was really very dry to work on - fiercely resisted many ideas I had for it, and left my brain an addled heap with a capacity for puzzles and little else - I'm still recovering from development, two months after, trying to figure out what the hell I'm supposed to be doing. I sure hope I figure something out.
Yeah, SpaceChem. I love that game - I really hope it wins the grand prize. Fingers crossed.
The fact that people have quite a tough time making a living making games, and the non-profit nature of a lot of the scene both result in there being quite a high turnover of people involved. I'm pretty focused on the games scene, so tend to lose track of people when they depart.


Undercover Systems Washington finishes the underside of your deck with a ceiling. Providing dry, useable outdoor living space without sacrificing headroom or aesthetics. Our under deck roofing system channels rainwater into your gutter system and provides a washable mold resistant surface. Panels are Easy to Remove and Replace for Plumbing or Electrical Access.
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The Undercover System on my main patio has definitely elevated the look and feel of my deck patio. It looks classy, and does the job of keeping rain out. The Undercover team overall did a good job in completing the project as plan, on time.
The job meet my expectations and I love the end results.
The company did outstanding work. We needed adjustments done and they did it without any issues. We highly recommend them to anyone.
Having the ceiling under the deck has been a fantastic addition to our outdoor living space - we're so glad we added it to our plan.
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The system allows use of our deck almost year round.
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Being a child we were afforded the opportunity to Go Play, Have Fun, Enjoy, Be Silly, but as we enter adulthood things change.
Babies are born knowing their self-worth; as life moves on, the comments, expectations, and attitudes of other people can wear down this natural sense of self-worth. Self-worth is what enables us to believe that we are capable of doing our best with our talents, of contributing well in society, and that we deserve to lead a fulfilling life. Building it up again is therefore natural, essential, and healthy. This is a great article to explore this further and quotes for inspiration. Here is a great self-esteem workbook if you want to challenge yourself. See how I changed my life, read my story. CLICK HERE LEARN MORE ABOUT MY BOOK.
No matter what you do, you can only do your best. One way many of us get into trouble is by attaching our expectations to a specific outcome and then experiencing nothing but frustration as we try to force it into being. Try this, expect the best possible outcome without getting hooded on anything specific. Affirm that your best efforts are good enough. By doing this, we open ourselves to a whole new realm of possibilities allowing us to attract things that are even better than what we thought we needed.See how I changed my life by changing my thoughts, read my book, simply click on the image.
Being Yourself Is All About…..
Being yourself is all about knowing your beliefs and values that you live by. When you are not yourself, you begin to take on values and beliefs of others. We become conformists living up to other people's expectations and their way of thinking. When you know your values and why you do what you do, you will begin to live according to your own values and beliefs.
The feeling of sadness or displeasure caused by the non-fulfillment of one's hopes or expectations is disappointment. When you feel disappointment make sure it was not your expectations that led to the disappointment.
I believe if we can love each other without judgement or expectations the world would be a full of peace….
In your Journey, expectations generally lead to disappointment, acceptance is reality. See how I changed my life, read my story. CLICK HERE LEARN MORE ABOUT MY BOOK.


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Q: Custom IOS7 Transition passing data to presenting View Controller I am looking at implementing some custom IOS7 Transitions. For example these here.
When a button is pressed in this example the following is run:
-(void)showNewController:(id)sender{

    UIStoryboard* storyboard = [UIStoryboard storyboardWithName:@"Main_iPhone" bundle:[NSBundle mainBundle]];
    UIViewController* controller = [storyboard instantiateViewControllerWithIdentifier:@"PresentedViewController"];

    if(sender == self.button1){
        self.animationController = [[ZoomAnimationController alloc] init];
    }else{
        self.animationController = [[DropAnimationController alloc] init];
    }

    controller.transitioningDelegate  = self;
    [self presentViewController:controller animated:YES completion:nil];
}

Question
I am trying to understand the correct place to pass information to the new UIViewController. As an example lets say I am trying to pass a UIImage to the new (to be) presented view controller.
Typically I would complete this in the prepareForSegue method, but as this is not a segue what would be the correct way to pass the data.
I could simply add in as an example the following:
controller.passingImage = self.imageToPass;

Would this be the correct process to follow when working with custom transitions in IOS7?

A: The way you setup view controllers doesn't change when you use the new custom animated transitions in iOS 7. So you would still setup the view controller (including setting the transitioningDelegate)  in prepareForSegue if you're using storyboards.
See the following sample code for examples of custom animated transitions using storyboards. It's an implementation of the sample code for WWDC Session 218: Custom Transitions Using View Controllers. Look at SOLViewController.m to get started.
https://github.com/soleares/SOLPresentingFun

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Hybrids, EVs claim 27% market share as registrations climb slightly
CAR REVIEWS / By dealgoo
The number of new cars registered in the UK was up 1.7% year on year in November, ending four consecutive months of decline.
New figures from the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) show that 115,706 new cars were registered last month, up from 113,781 in the same period last year.
The trade body noted, however, that this small uptick "must be viewed in the context of a weak 2020, when lockdowns impacted registrations". It also highlighted that, with the ongoing semiconductor shortage throttling new car output, the market remains 31.3% down on the pre-pandemic five-year average.
Petrol cars claimed the largest share of the market, at 43.3% of all models registered, while diesel cars claimed just a 5.1% share. More striking was a significant uptick in electrified vehicle registrations, with demand for plug-in hybrids (PHEVs) climbing 39.7% year-on-year and battery-electric cars (BEVs) by 110%.
PHEVs claimed a 9.3% market share overall, while BEVs accounted for 18.8% of registrations, equating to 21,726 units – more than double the proportion sold in November 2020.
So far this year, the SMMT reports that 1,538,585 new cars have been registered in the UK, and around one in six has some form of plug-in drivetrain. Add in full hybrids – which have a 9.0% market share – and some 26.5% of the new car market is electrified.
The SMMT has repeated its call for Britain's EV charging network to be rapidly upgraded and expanded to cope with the increasing popularity of electrified vehicles. It said there is "just one standard on-street public charger installed for every 52 new plug-in cars registered over the course of this year" and that Britain's charger-to-vehicle ratio is "one of the worst among the top 10 global electric vehicle markets at the end of 2020".
The SMMT has called on the government to impose binding targets for the improvement of the country's charging infrastructure to keep pace with growing EV demand and the phasing out of ICE vehicles over the coming years.
SMMT chief executive Mike Hawes said a slight uptick in new car registrations doesn't mean the industry is well on the road to recovery: "What looks like a positive performance belies the underlying weakness of the market. Demand is there, with a slew of new, increasingly electrified, models launched, but the global shortage of semiconductors continues to bedevil production and therefore new car registrations.
"The industry is working flat out to overcome these issues and fulfil orders, but disruption is likely to last into next year, compounding the need for customers to place orders early."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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El monumento natural de Isla de Terreros e Isla Negra es un espacio natural del sur de  España que protege dos pequeños islotes  del mar Mediterráneo muy cercanos a la costa —Terreros y Negra— situados en el término municipal de Pulpí (Almería, Andalucía). Fue declarado el 23 de enero de 2001.

Descripción e historia
Situadas en la costa levantina de Almería, frente a la localidad de San Juan de los Terreros, integran el monumento dos islas de origen volcánico muy cercanas al litoral, la de Terreros y la Negra, con una superficie total de 1 ha.

La isla de Terreros tiene  y una altura máxima de 30 . Isla Negra, por su parte, es un peñón abrupto de   compuesto por andesitas y otras rocas volcánicas, con abundante presencia de hornblendas y magnetitas, responsables de su color oscuro.

Ambas presentan escasa vegetación compuesta por plantas rupícolas y matorral rastrero, con singularidades de probable origen ornitocoprófilo. Una amplia variedad de aves marinas nidifica y reproduce en ellas, no en vano la isla de Terreros alberga la comunidad más importante que de la provincia. Entre ellas, destacan especies amenazadas como la pardela cenicienta (Calonectris diomedea) y el paíño europeo (Hydrobates pelagicus) u otras como la gaviota patiamarilla (Larus michahellis). Entre las terrestres que habitan el litoral adyacente están la garceta común (Egretta garzetta), la garcilla bueyera (Bubulcus ibis), la collalba negra (Oenanthe leucura), la grajilla común (Corvus monedula), el vencejo común (Apus apus) o el pálido (Apus pallidus).

Sus fondos marinos son también muy ricos. Destacan en ellos las praderas de posidonia (Posidonia oceanica), planta acuática exclusiva del mar Mediterráneo que proporciona refugio y alimento a múltiples especies de peces, crustáceos, cefalópodos e invertebrados.

Ambas islas poseen además un gran valor paisajístico, con llamativos afloramientos volcánicos. Pueden verse en el litoral contiguo antiguos cocederos de esparto, las viviendas de los esparteros, llamadas terreros, que se excavaban en las paredes de los acantilados, el castillo de San Juan de los Terreros.

Curiosidades
 Según consta en los archivos municipales de Pulpí, en los años 1960 se proyectó construir un casino en la isla.
 A unas 3 millas marinas se dan espléndidos fondos submarinos e importantes caladeros pesqueros, como el de Chancla.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 El monumento natural de la Isla de Terreros e Isla Negra en la Ventana del Visitante de los Espacios Naturales, dependiente de la Consejería de Medio Ambiente de la Junta de Andalucía.
 Artículo sobre las islas de Pulpí en Almería Medio Ambiente.
 El Monumento Natural de la Isla de Terreros e Isla Negra en Yahoo! Viajes.

Archipiélagos e islas del mar Mediterráneo de Andalucía
Espacios naturales de la provincia de Almería
Isla de terreros e isla negra
Geografía de la provincia de Almería
Pulpí
Áreas protegidas de España establecidas en 2003
Áreas protegidas del mar Mediterráneo de España

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Columbus is need of homes to list for sure!
The Building Industry Association of Central Ohio's smallest Parade of Homes in 10 years could be followed by one of the biggest in more than a decade.
The homebuilders' trade association has unveiled a list of 16 regional homebuilders selecting lots in the Verona subdivision in Powell for the annual showcase of upscale homes slated for July 16-31.
The entries into the home tour include five of the mere six homebuilders that showed off their custom-quality homes at the mid-September launch of the residential community surrounding the Northstar Golf Club near Sunbury.
Coppertree Homes, M/I Homes, P&D Builders, Rockford Homes and Weaver Homes will return for the 2016 home tour. Fischer Homes will not participate.
The 2014 Parade runs July 19-Aug 3 at the new Trail's End development. It features 12 spectacular luxury homes in $600,000-$1.1 million price range.
Home of the 2014 Central Ohio Parade of Homes on July 19 - August 3, Trails End offers large home sites with scenic views of the Olentangy River Valley on 216-acre former farm. In total, the neighborhood has 148 premiere homesites, many that are wooded and walk-out features. Located right off SR-315 (Olentangy River Rd.), the new homes in Trails Ends are convenient to Powell, Delaware, Sawmill Rd. and US-23. Enjoy easy access to the nearby shopping, dining and parks. The Liberty Township Parks Department maintains over 400 acres of park land in Liberty Township making up the following parks: Liberty Park; Havener Park; Hyatts Park; Big Bear Farms Park; Wedgewood Park and South Liberty Park.
Keller Williams - Hart Property Advisors has become known for its unique, commonly referred to as, "CUTTING EDGE APPROACH" to helping buyers, sellers, builders, developers and investors conduct their Real Estate activities. Always taking into consideration that most industry failures have come about as a result of not keeping up with the ever changing market place and the needs of the consumers, the approach taken by Your HomeSource is creative, intelligent, resourceful and aggressive. Keller Williams - Hart Property Advisors is passionately dedicated to raising the bar in absolute honor and respect of what the consumer, our buyers and sellers of Real Estate, want and what they are or ARE NOT WILLING TO PAY.


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Home Breaking Retail businesses | Physical stores are here to stay
Retail businesses | Physical stores are here to stay
Customers are back in-store and web sales are stabilizing or even declining, say retailers, who claim that the proverbial "bricks and mortar" is definitely not dead. Faced with this change in shopping habits, Altitude Sports, which is making its mark in the sale of clothing and outdoor items only online, is considering the idea of a possible return to stores.
Between March 2020 and March 2022, Altitude Sports' turnover almost doubled, confirms Maxime Dubois, co-president of the company, during an interview with La Presse. However, recently, although growth continues, it is not as strong as at the beginning of the pandemic, he acknowledges, adding in the process that he and his team are living for weeks "on a rollercoaster".
"There is a certain conjuncture that is different. I, too, see that there is a return in store," he said. According to him, consumer behavior is currently very difficult to predict. Late spring and supply issues for Chinese-made camping gear and Vietnam-designed running shoes, for example, also play into the equation. We have a rise, but not as high as if we had all the stock. »
Banking on e-commerce, the company, which seemed to have given up on physical stores after closing its last store in Mont-Tremblant in 2019, is now opening the door to the possibility of reconnecting with a branch concept. where customers could come to shop. "Yeah, we're looking at that. We are looking at what the possibilities are, "says Mr. Dubois, who had nevertheless dismissed the idea out of hand last year when he was questioned about it.
Altitude Sports uses a 160,000 square foot warehouse with 32 foot high ceilings. Located in the borough of Saint-Laurent, it stores running shoes, sweaters, strollers and other climbing equipment before they are delivered directly to customers, the same day in Montreal and next day in 2,000 cities nationwide.
"That's how we come to erase the line between the instant gratification of a physical store versus e-commerce," explains Maxime Dubois.
"Of course, if we open a store, it won't be a big box," he says. A 160,000 square foot warehouse where everything is tightly packed, you can't carry that to a big box store. The Altitude experience in terms of selection is unmatched in any physical store. Even the biggest is not going to have a third of our selection. »
Also in the outdoor industry, La Cordée, which opened its sixth store in Quebec in April, does not "see the day" when physical stores will disappear from the landscape, according to its president, Cédric Morisset. Another La Cordée location will also open in Montreal in the fall.
"We are in the experience, in the knowledge," he says. People who want to buy a bike, a kayak or a tent, you can find them on the internet, but it is very important to have advice in store. »
Still, Morisset says every retailer these days needs to have a "strong website." At La Cordée, online sales represent approximately 20% to 25% of turnover. "That's our business model, we're not Amazon. »
Co-owner of 10 Mode Choc stores across Quebec, Jessika Roussy admits that right now, "it's more difficult to increase online sales."
"But during the shutdown period, they saved our fiscal year," she points out, however. His company continues to look at different strategies to develop this niche, without giving up on stores, where traffic has been increasing since the beginning of the year.
"We will continue to open more," says Ms. Roussy. The next branch, with an area of 28,000 square feet, will be located at the Méga Center Sainte-Foy. It will welcome its first customers in March 2023.
https://www.lapresse.ca/affaires/entreprises/2022-05-12/commerces-de-detail/les-magasins-physiques-sont-la-pour-de-bon.php
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Rosemary has a Bachelor of Science from East Tennessee State University and is a Registered Dental Hygienist. She has been with Cedar Spring Family Dentistry more than 25 years.
Rosemary and her husband, Steve, have two sons, Steven and Russ, one daughter, Mary Scott, and three grand children. Rosemary is involved in Spartanburg Regional Fellows, is a member of First Baptist Church, and plays in a tennis league in her free time. Rosemary's favorite part of her job is her patients; she is very thankful for the love they have show her and grateful for the opportunity to serve them.


Darkness falls early during the long winter months. Here are some great picture books perfect to help settle little ones down to sleep. All of these books are good for ages three to eight.
The World Champion of Staying Awake, by Sean Taylor, and painted with vivid beautiful water-colors by Jimmy Liao, is wonderfully executed in using many tactics to get children to sleep. Stella is a youngster who is not about to go to sleep until she can get her three cherished toys to bed who tell her each is the world champion of staying awake. She proceeds to tell the most creative stories to settle each down. Each rhythmic tale is surrounded by colorful creations made up by Stella. By the end, there's only one left awake: Stella. And remember to check out the clever front and back end pages.
Farmyard Beat, by Lindsey Craig, and ingeniously illustrated by Marc Brown, is a most clever story in both rhyme and pictures. "Chicks can't sleep. / Chicks can't sleep. / Chicks can't sleep cause they got that beat!" And they begin to peep peep and peep. All that peeping wakes up: Sheep. It becomes quite a ruckus with all these animals feeling the beat. However, "they all fall in a heap! Asleep!", until morning when a rooster wakes them with "that beat!" The illustrations are all hand-painted into basic geometric shapes and there is texture and color from top to bottom on every page!
Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star, by Jerry Pinkney, is a most creative venture for this renowned artist / author. He takes this simple nursery song and magically recreates a wondrous adventure that a forest chipmunk takes in search for that special star. Many of these gorgeous full-spread pictures evoke the forest habitats of life where Pinkney lives. Many of these water colored paintings of the little chipmunk's adventures are wordless, which invites the listener to participate. Be sure to read the inspiration of the story in the Author's Note found at the back.
Good Night, World, by Willa Perlman, and illustrated with colors that fill both pages by Carolyn Fisher, is a gracious reflection of a child's appreciation of all the earth's gifts as he gets ready for sleep. The swirls of waves, the patterns of leaves and fluctuations of color and rhyme create an appraisal of all God has given us. Check out the many ways to say good night in different languages found at the back of the book.
Your Moon, My Moon, by Patricia Maclachlan, and illustrated with a wonderful combination of watercolor and collage by Bryan Collier, celebrates the bond between grandparent and child even though both are far apart. The story is based on the author's grandchild who lives in Africa and the lyrical words express the great love of her absent grandchild. The collage, combined with watercolor, gives texture and life to each full page spread.
Moo, Moo, Brown Cow, Have You Any Milk?, by Phillis Gershator, and painted with a folk-art rendition by Giselle Potter, takes the first two lines of the classic nursery rhyme, Baa Baa Black Sheep, and continues this rhythmic pattern by having a youngster asking "Does wool make a blanket for my bed?" All of the animals rhymed here help the young boy get ready for bed. And then, so do they. This delightful story would actually be a perfect emergent reader with the predictable text repeating throughout. The colorful pictures fill the open-spread pages.
Dream Away, by Julia Durango and Katie Belle Trupiano, and painted on cloth with brilliant quixotic oil by Robert Goldstrom, takes a boy and his dad on a dream voyage as the boy falls asleep while being read to by his father. The ship, portrayed as a folded paper soldier hat, glides into the cloudy moonlit night where animals become constellations and the moon is attached to a string and guides father and son on their rhyming adventure. This story should set sail into a dreamland of delight as the boy and the moon both show sleep at the end.
Charlotte Jane Battles Bedtime, by Myra Wolfe, and painted with watercolor and digitally enhanced with texture by Maria Monescillo, showcases a young girl who refuses to go to sleep. She just has too many adventures to experience and likes "to get all the juice out of my days!" As the day gets later and later, she ends up not going to sleep and discovers how tired she is the next day. Her attitude changes and she decides her dreams can continue her adventures through the night. The pictures showcase Charlotte Jane as a pirate and many of the pictures have strategic small colorful illustrations on a white background. But the full-spread pictures reflect her adventures the best. This kid-pleasing adventure just might convince your youngster that bedtime is actually a continuum of their day's activities!


text:
\section{INTRODUCTION}

In the hierarchical scenario of structure formation,
structures in the universe are assumed to have grown
from tiny quantum fluctuations generated during an inflation
period through gravitational instability. Inflationary
models predict that the initial fluctuations are Gaussian and
have a roughly scale-free power-spectrum: $P(k) \propto k^n$
with $n \sim 1$. The amplitude of the power spectrum, for which
a reliable prediction from inflationary theory is still lacking,
has to be determined from observations. This amplitude is
usually represented by a quantity, $\sigma_8$, which is
the {\it RMS} of the linear density perturbations within
a spherical window of radius $8h^{-1}\,\rm Mpc$, where $h$ the Hubble
constant in units of 100$\,\rm km\,{s}^{-1}\,\rm Mpc^{-1}$.

The linear power spectrum can be probed with a variety of
observations, ranging from  abundances of clusters, weak
gravitational lensing, large-scale structure in galaxy distribution,
galaxy motions, Lyman-$\alpha$ forests, and most importantly,  the
temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (see
Spergel et al. 2006, and references therein). Recent results from the
three-year data of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)
alone prefers a $\sigma_8$ value of  $0.74^{+0.06}_{-0.05}$. Although
the errorbar is still quite large, the median value is lower than the
value, $\sigma_8=0.9$, adopted in the `standard' $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$ model. The
lower value of $\sigma_8$ is favored by a number of other observations
related to the clustering of galaxies (e.g. Jing, Mo \& B\"orner 1998;
Yang et al. 2004, 2005; van den Bosch, Mo \& Yang 2003;
Tinker et al. 2006; S\'{a}nchez et al. 2006), but weak lensing results
(e.g. \citealt{Bacon02,Van Waerbeke02} ) and data on Lyman alpha
forests (Viel, Haehnelt \& Lewis 2006; Seljak, Slosar \& McDonald
2006) seem to prefer a higher value.

As the largest bound structures in the universe, clusters of galaxies
provide a sensitive probe for $\sigma_8$, because their abundance in
the universe depends sensitively on the amplitude of the density
perturbations (and also the matter content in the universe,
$\Omega_{\rm m,0}$). The abundance of clusters can be determined from
X-ray (e.g. \citealt{Rosati02,Pop04, RB02, R06}) and optical surveys
(e.g. \citealt{Gladders06}). However, in order to use the observed
abundance to constrain model of structure formation, one has to know
the masses of these objects accurately. This is in general difficult
to do.  For example, X-ray studies usually assume hydrostatic
  equilibrium in order to derive the cluster mass, which may be
  invalid for many (such as merging) clusters (e.g. Gao \& White
2006). Another probe of the abundance of clusters is  giant arcs
that are produced when background galaxies are tangentially stretched
by foreground clusters (e.g. \citealt{Luppino99, ZG03, Gladders03, Sand05}).
A number of recent investigations made comparisons between the
observed abundance of giant arcs with that expected in the
`standard' $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$ model with $\sigma_8=0.9$ (\citealt{Dalal04};
\citealt{Li05}; \citealt{Hen05}; \citealt{Horesh05}),
finding agreement between model and observation
(\citealt{Dalal04, Wambsganss04}). In light of the change in
cosmological parameters preferred by  the WMAP three-year data,
it becomes important to re-evaluate how the predicted lensing probability changes.

In this paper, we study the number of giant arcs expected in the new
cosmological model, using high resolution $N$-body simulations. We
compare the results with those obtained from similar simulations of
the standard $\Lambda$CDM model, and with current observations. The
plan of the paper is as follows. In \S2, we describe the simulations
we use and the analysis to predict giant arcs in the $N$-body
simulations. Our main results are presented in \S3, and we finish
with a discussion in \S4.

\section{Cosmological models, numerical simulations, and lensing method}

In this paper, we use two sets of simulations, one for the `standard'
$\Lambda{\rm CDM}$ model with $\sigma_8=0.9$, and the other for the cosmological
model given by the recent three-year WMAP data with
$\sigma_8=0.74$. For brevity, these two models will be referred to as
$\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0, and WMAP3, respectively, and the corresponding cosmological
parameters are:
\begin{enumerate}
\item $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0: $\Omega_{\rm m,0}=0.3,\Omega_{\Lambda,0}=0.7,h=0.7,
     \sigma_8=0.9, n=1$;
\item WMAP3: $\Omega_{\rm m,0}=0.238,\Omega_{\Lambda,0}=0.762,
     h=0.73,\sigma_8=0.74, n=0.95$.
\end{enumerate}
The assumed initial transfer function in each model was generated
  with {\small CMBFAST} (Seljak \& Zaldarriaga 1996). Notice that both
  $\sigma_8$ and $\Omega_{\rm m,0}$ differ in these two models.

\begin{table}
\caption{Cosmological simulation parameters. The columns are
cosmology, box size, number and mass of dark matter particles, and the softening length.}
\begin{tabular}{lcccc}
\hline
model & box size & $N_{\rm DM}$ & $m_{\rm DM}$  &  softening \\
      & $(h^{-1}\,\rm Mpc)$  &       &   $(h^{-1} M_\odot)$          &  ($h^{-1}$\,\rm kpc) \\\hline
$\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0 & 300 &  $512^3$  &  $1.67\times 10^{10}$   &  30  \\
WMAP3 & 300 &  $512^3$     & $1.32\times 10^{10}$  &  30  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{table:simu}
\end{table}

We use a vectorized-parallel ${\rm P^3M}$ code (Jing \& Suto 2002)
and a {\small PM-TREE} code -- GADGET2 \citep{Springel01, Springel05} to
simulate the structure formation in these models; the details of
the simulations are given in Table 1. Both are $N$-body simulations
which evolve $N_{\rm DM}=512^3$ dark matter particles in a large cubic
box with sidelength equal to $300 h^{-1} \,\rm Mpc$. The $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0
simulation was performed using the ${\rm P^3M}$ code  of Jing \& Suto
(2002) and has been used in \citet{Li05} to study the properties of
giant arcs. We refer the readers to that paper for the detail.
The WMAP3 simulation is a new simulation carried out with GADGET2.
With their large volumes, these two simulations sample the
corresponding cluster mass functions reasonably well, and they will
be used to compare the optical depths of giant arcs in the $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0
and WMAP3 models.

For each simulation, we identify virialised dark matter halos using the
friends-of-friends method with a linking length equal to 0.2 times the mean
particle separation. The halo mass $M$ is defined as the virial mass
within the virial radius according to the spherical collapse
model (Kitayama \& Suto 1996; Bryan \& Norman 1998; Jing \& Suto 2002).
Giant arcs are produced mainly by clusters of galaxies, and so we focus
on massive haloes with $M\ga 10^{14}h^{-1} M_\odot$.

For a given cluster, we calculate the smoothed surface density maps
using the method of \citet{Li06}. Specifically, for any line
of sight, we obtain the surface density on a $1024 \times 1024$ grid
covering a square of (comoving) sidelength
of $4h^{-1}\,\rm Mpc$ centered on each cluster. The projection depth is
chosen to be $4h^{-1}\,\rm Mpc$.
Particles
outside this cube and large-scale structures do not contribute
significantly to the lensing
cross-section  (e.g.  \citealt{Li05}; \citealt{Hen05}). Our
projection and smoothing method uses a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) kernel to distribute
the particle mass on a 3D grid and then integrate along the line
of sight to obtain the surface density (see \citealt{Li06} for detail).
In this work, the number of neighbors used in the SPH smoothing kernel
is fixed to be 32. Once a surface density map is obtained,
we compute the cross-section of giant arc formation following
the method given in \citet{Li05}.
We consider seven source redshifts, $z_{\rm s}=0.6, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0$ and 7.0.
The background sources are assumed to be elliptical
with random position angles and a fixed angular surface
area, $S_{\rm source}=\pi \times 0.5\arcsec^2$. The axis ratio is randomly drawn between
0.5 and 1. This choice of axis ratio and source size is in good agreement with
the study of high-redshift galaxies using HST by \citet{Fer04}.
We generate a large number of background sources within a rectangle box
with area $S_{\rm box}$. This rectangle is chosen to enclose all the high-magnification
regions that can potentially form giant arcs. The number of sources
generated is given by $n_{\rm source}=9S_{\rm box}/S_{\rm source}$.
For each source, ray-tracing is used to find the resulting image(s).
Giant arcs are identified as elongated
images with length-to-width ($L/W$) ratio exceeding 7.5 or 10, the usual
criterion used to select giant arcs in observations.
We calculate the total cross sections of the top 200 most massive clusters in each
simulation output and obtain the average cross section per unit comoving volume by:
\begin{equation}
\overline\sigma(z_{\rm l}, z_{\rm s}) = {\sum\sigma_i(z_{\rm l},z_{\rm s}) \over V},
\end{equation}
where $\sigma_i(z_{\rm l}, z_{\rm s})$ is the average cross-section of the
three projections of the $i$-th
cluster at redshift $z_{\rm l}$, $z_{\rm s}$ is the source redshift, and $V$ is
the comoving volume of the simulation box.
The optical depth can then be calculated as:
\begin{equation} \label{eq:tau}
\tau(z_{\rm s}) = {{1\over{4\pi{D_{\rm s}}^2}} {\int_0}^{z_{\rm s}}\, dz \, \overline\sigma(z,z_{\rm s})
(1+z)^3\, {dV_{\rm p}(z)\over dz}},
\end{equation}
where $D_{\rm s}$ is the angular diameter distance to the source, and
 $dV_{\rm p}(z)$ is
the proper volume of a spherical shell with redshift from $z$ to $z+dz$.
The integration step size is the same as the redshift interval of
simulation output ($d z\approx 0.1$).

\section{Results}

The left panel of Fig. \ref{fig:massfunc} shows the mass functions in
the two cosmological models at redshift 0.3, the optimal lensing redshift
for a source at redshift 1 (see the right panel of Fig. \ref{fig:tau}).
The mass functions are calculated following Sheth \& Tormen
(2002), which is based on the Press-Schechter (1974) formalism and the
ellipsoidal collapse model (Sheth, Mo \& Tormen 2001). The mass functions (shown as histograms) in
simulations clearly match the predictions well.
We can see that the number density of haloes in the WMAP3 model is always
smaller than that in the $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0 model on cluster mass scale.
For $M \sim 10^{14} h^{-1}M_\odot$, the abundance of haloes
is lower by a factor of 2.6 in the WMAP3 model compared with that in the
$\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0 model; for $M \sim 10^{15}h^{-1}M_\odot$, the reduction factor is $\sim 8.3$.
The lower abundance of clusters in the WMAP3 model implies that
ideally a larger simulation box is required to sample a similar number of
massive clusters as in the $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0 model, a point we return to briefly in the discussion.

\begin{figure}
{
 \centering
 \leavevmode
\columnwidth=.48\columnwidth
 \includegraphics[width={\columnwidth}]{f1a.eps}%
 \hfil
 \includegraphics[width={\columnwidth}]{f1b.eps}
}
\caption{The left panel shows the number density of halos in the
$\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0 (thick) and WMAP3 (thin) cosmological models (see text) at
redshift 0.33 obtained using the Sheth-Tormen mass function (2002). The thin solid histogram
shows the number density of haloes found in a simulation with box size
$300 h^{-1}\,\rm Mpc$ in the WMAP3 model at $z=0.33$.
The thick solid histogram shows the number density of halos
in the $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0 simulation at $z =0.2896$ (the corresponding
theoretical prediction is shown as the thick dashed line).
The right panel shows how the number density of haloes with mass $M>10^{14}h^{-1}
M_\odot$ evolves as a function of redshift in the two cosmologies.
}
\label{fig:massfunc}
\end{figure}

The right panel in Fig. \ref{fig:massfunc} shows how the predicted number density
of haloes above $10^{14}h^{-1} M_\odot$ evolves as a function of redshift in these two cosmologies.
The ratio of the number density of massive haloes in the WMAP3 model and
that in the $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0 model as a function of redshift is well approximated (within 10\%) by
$0.4-0.2\,z$ for $z<1.5$. At redshift 0.3, 0.5 and 1, the number density of haloes
above $10^{14}h^{-1} M_\odot$ is about 1/3, 1/5 and 1/10 of that in the
$\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0 respectively. Notice that the cosmological distances and volumes also differ in the
three models, but the differences (which are accounted for in our calculations)
are small, ranging from 11\%  for the angular diameter distances and
6\% for the volume out to a source redshift of 2. These differences
are much smaller than the change in the cluster abundance.

As a consequence of the lower cluster abundance
in the WMAP3 model, one expects the lensing optical depth will also be much lower
compared with that in the $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0 model. This is illustrated in
the left panel of Fig. \ref{fig:tau} which shows the optical depths as a function of the source
redshift in the $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0 and WMAP3 models. First, we
notice that the optical depth is a strong function of the source
redshift, $z_{\rm s}$, particularly when $z_{\rm s}<3$, a trend first emphasized by \citet{Wambsganss04}.
Second, it is clear that the optical depth in the WMAP3 model is much
lower: compared with that in the $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0 model, the optical depth
is reduced by more than a factor of $\sim 6$ for $L/W>7.5$ and
10 at all source redshifts. The right panel of Fig. \ref{fig:tau} shows the differential
probability distribution of the optical depth for giant arcs with $L/W>7.5$
as a function of the lens redshift for $z_{\rm s}=1, 2$, and 7; the trends (not shown)
are similar for $L/W>10$. For a source at redshift 1, 2
and 7, the optimal lensing redshift is around 0.3, 0.5 and 0.75,
respectively, in the two cosmologies considered here. Note that the
normalised shapes are quite similar in the two cosmological models
but the overall optical depth is much lower in the WMAP3 model.

\begin{figure}
{
 \centering
 \leavevmode
\columnwidth=.48\columnwidth
 \includegraphics[width={\columnwidth}]{f2a.eps}%
 \hfil
 \includegraphics[width={\columnwidth}]{f2b.eps}
}
\caption{The left panel shows the optical depth as a function
of source redshift in the $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0 and WMAP3 models for giant
arcs with $L/W>7.5$ and $L/W>10$. The right panel shows the
differential probability distribution for the optical depth as a function of lens redshift
for $z_{\rm s}=1, 2$ and 7 respectively. In both panels, the results for
the $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0 and WMAP3 models are shown as thick and thin curves
respectively.
}
\label{fig:tau}
\end{figure}

\section{Discussions}

We have compared, using  high-resolution $N$-body simulations,
the lensing probabilities of giant arcs in two
cosmological models: the old `concordance' model with $\sigma_8=0.9$,
and the model with parameters given by the three-year WMAP data.
We find that the lensing probability decreases by a factor of $\sim 6$
in the 3-year WMAP model compared to that in the $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0 concordance model.
This decrease is largely a result of the much lower number density of
massive haloes in the WMAP3 model (see Fig. 1).

There has been a long debate whether the number of observed giant arcs
is consistent with theoretical predictions. Early comparisons use
simple analytical models (\citealt{Kormann94, WH93, Wu96};
see also \citealt{Oguri03}), which were later shown to severely
under-estimate the lensing optical depth
(Bartelmann \& Weiss 1994; Bartelmann, Steinmetz \& Weiss 1995; Meneghetti et al. 2003a; Torri et al. 2004).
Many recent studies use N-body simulations,
but with only dark matter (e.g. \citealt{Wambsganss04}; \citealt{Dalal04},
see \citealt{Puchwein05} for an exception). Below we discuss the
uncertainties in both observations and predictions, and examine
the consistency found in several previous works in the $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0 cosmology.

\subsection{Consistency in the $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0 cosmology}

Several previous studies concluded that the observational results
of giant arcs are compatible with theoretical predictions (\citealt{Oguri03,
Wambsganss04, Dalal04}) in the $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0 cosmology.
However, there are uncertainties in such conclusion.

The study by \citet{Oguri03} used
the axis ratio distributions in the tri-axial model of Jing \& Suto
(2002), and assumed a central profile, $\rho \propto r^{-1.5}$,
that are steeper than the \citet{NFW97} form.  Gas cooling
can steepen the halo density profile, but it also makes the central
mass distribution rounder. In this case, the shape distributions obtained
in dark matter-only simulations are not suitable for clusters
where gas cooling  steepens the density profile dramatically.
Since a shallower profile or a more spherical shape will reduce the
giant arc cross-sections, it is unclear whether or not the conclusion
of \citet{Oguri03} still holds if consistent models for density profile
and halo shape are used.
\citet{Wambsganss04} assumes that the $L/W$ ratio
can be approximated by the magnification. This assumption is valid
for isothermal spheres, but not for real clusters which appear to be well
fit by the \citet{NFW97} profile (\citealt{vdM00, Com06, VF06}).
This assumption over-estimates the
optical depth by a factor of few (\citealt{Dalal04, Li05}). Furthermore,
they also assumed a slightly higher normalization, $\sigma_8 (0.95)$,
which also increases the optical depth. The study by \citet{Dalal04}
assumes that arcs can be approximated as rectangles,
which may overestimate the total cross-section by a factor of two
compared to the perhaps more realistic assumption of elliptical arcs.
In summary, even in the $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0 cosmology, the consistency between
observations and predictions requires somewhat optimistic assumptions.
The WMAP3 model, which predicts an optical depth by a factor of
$\sim 6$ smaller, makes it even harder to explain the observed giant
arcs.

\subsection{Effects of baryons}

 In the real universe,
baryons account for roughly 20\% of the total mass, which
can cool (form stars) and sink toward the centres of clusters.
The radiative cooling likely has two effects: it will
increase the concentration of baryons at the center of clusters,
and at the same time, make the clusters more spherical (e.g.
\citealt{Dubinski94, Kaz04}). The former increases while the latter
decreases the lensing cross-sections, and so the overall influence
depends on which effect dominates.

Puchwein et al. (2005) studied the lensing cross-sections of clusters with $M \ga 10^{15}h^{-1}
M_\odot$ with different prescriptions of numerical viscousities. They concluded
that the higher concentrations due to baryons dominate and the baryons increase the
lensing cross-sections by a factor of $\sim 2$. However, they cautioned that
their clusters may suffer from overcooling, as the stellar density in
the core is larger than observed, and so the effect of baryons may be
over-estimated. Notice also that their simulations did not
include feedbacks from active galactic nuclei, which may
further decrease the cooling of baryons at cluster centres
and the corresponding lensing cross-sections. As the star formation
treatment in hydrodynamical simulations is uncertain,
\citet{Mene03b} adopted an alternate empirical approach. They studied the effect of
baryons by including a central cD galaxy
in clusters. They found that the increase in the lensing cross-section
due to cD galaxies is again quite moderate, by a factor of $ \la 2$.
Such an  enhancement cannot compensate the reduction in the optical depth
due to the lower abundance of clusters in the WMAP3 model compared with the
$\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0 model.

\subsection{Uncertainties in the cluster and background source populations}

The cluster abundance (but not internal structures, particularly when star formation is
included) can now be reliably predicted from both numerical simulations and the
extended Press-Schechter analytic formalism. In the $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$0 cosmology,
various investigations, using similar assumptions of the background
source population and definition of the length-to-width ratio,
predict lensing optical depths that agree with one another within a
factor of 1.5 (e.g. \citealt{Dalal04, Li05}; see \citealt{Li05} for
a detailed discussion). We caution, however, that
even our $300 h^{-1}\,\rm Mpc$ box size still appears to be somewhat too small
to sample the tail of the cluster mass function well, as is shown by
the large noise in the right panel of Fig. 2. We have
158 clusters with $M>10^{14} h^{-1}M_\odot$ (7 clusters with $M>3.8\times10^{14}h^{-1} M_\odot$).
At redshift $z=0.3$ for $z_{\rm s}=3$, 50\% of the giant arc cross-section is
contributed by clusters with $M>3.8\times10^{14}h^{-1} M_\odot$. The
larger noise may also be partly due to our inadequate sampling of
merger events as we only dump the simulation data with a redshift
interval of $d z \approx 0.1$. As shown by a number of previous works
(Torri et al 2004; Hennawi et al. 2005; Fedeli et al. 2006), merger
events can boost the lensing cross-sections significantly. To examine
the importance of this effect, we ran a lower resolution simulation in
the WMAP3 model which evolves $N_{\rm DM}=512^3$ dark matter particles
in a box with sidelength of $600 h^{-1} \,\rm Mpc$. Due to the larger volume,
 the new simulation
better samples the high mass tail of the cluster mass function and merger events. The
optical depth decreases by a factor of $\sim 2$.
The larger optical depth in our first WMAP3 simulation is partly
because it has relatively more massive
clusters than the larger simulation due to cosmic variance. Furthermore, the poorer resolution of
the larger simulation may have also reduced the optical depth, and
so the real change should be $\la 2$.

Substructures along the line of sight may be important for
the anomalous flux ratio problem (\citealt{Metcalf05}), but are unlikely to
be important for the lensing cross-sections as they are expected
to  contribute only a few per cent of the surface density.
Notice that we use a cube of $4h^{-1}\,\rm Mpc$ to evaluate the lensing
cross-sections.  In \citet{Li05} the sidelength is chosen to be $2r_{\rm vir}$. These two choices give
almost identical optical depths (compare Fig. 2 with Fig.7 in
\citealt{Li05}). This demonstrates that the influence of matter
(including substructures) in the outer skirts of
clusters is not important.

A much larger uncertainty concerns the background source population,
including their ellipticity, size and redshift distributions.
While the former two appear to have modest
effects on the lensing cross-sections (e.g. \citealt{Oguri02, Li05}),
the source redshift distribution
has quite dramatic effects on the lensing cross-section (Wambsganss et al. 2004), as can be
seen in Fig. \ref{fig:tau}. This is
the biggest uncertainty in the predictions of giant arcs.
More redshift measurements of giant arcs will be particularly useful
to clarify the situation (see \citealt{Cov06} for a recent effort).

Currently the giant arc samples are still small.
The largest dedicated search for giant arcs in X-ray clusters was performed by
Luppino et al. (1999) who found strong lensing in 8 out of 38 clusters.
In the optical, Zaritsky \& Gonzalez (2003) found two giant
arcs using the Las Campanas Distant Cluster Survey between redshift 0.5
and 0.7 in an effective search area of 69 square degrees while
Gladders et al. (2003) found eight clusters with giant arcs
using the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey over $\sim 90$ square degrees.
The largest arc sample found from HST archives was presented by Sand et
al. (2005) with 116 arcs from 128 clusters, although its selection
function is likely heterogeneous. Clearly the current giant arc samples
are somewhat limited, although future weak lensing surveys (e.g. \citealt{Wittman06}) may
yield a large number of giant arcs as a by-product. A combined analysis of
strong and weak lensing will be particularly useful for constraining
$\sigma_8$ and the cluster inner mass profiles.

Until larger arc samples become available and our understanding
of the background source population is improved, it is difficult to
reach firm conclusions concerning the consistency of the WMAP three-year model with
observations. Nevertheless, it appears difficult to reconcile
the giant arc statistics with the low central $\sigma_8$ value (0.74) preferred
by the WMAP three-year data.

\section*{Acknowledgment}
We thank Volker Springel for providing the code GADGET2 and the referee
for insightful comments. This work is supported by grants from
NSFC (No. 10373012, 10533030) and Shanghai Key Projects in Basic research
(No. 04JC14079 and 05XD14019). HJM, LG and SM acknowledge travel support from
the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The simulations were performed at the Shanghai Supercomputer Center.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Mary Hooper, née le  à Barnes (Angleterre), est une écrivaine britannique auteure de littérature d'enfance et de jeunesse.

Biographie

Œuvres traduites en français
 En suivant son rêve, Paris, Éditions Hachette, coll. « Heartlines », 1987, 154 p. .
 Et mon cœur dans tout ça ? [« Love Emma XXX »], trad. d'Alexis Champon, Paris, Éditions Hachette, coll. « Heartlines », 1988, 151 p. .
 La Messagère de l'au-delà [« Newes from the Dead »], trad. de Fanny Ladd et Patricia Duez, Paris, Éditions du Panama, 2008, 267 p. , rééd. 2010, Paris, Les Grandes Personnes.
 La Maison du magicien [« At the house of the magician »], trad. de Bee Formentelli, Paris, Éditions Gallimard Jeunesse, 2009, 283 p. .
 Espionne de Sa Majesté [« By royal command »], trad. de Bee Formentelli, Paris, Éditions Gallimard Jeunesse, 2010, 299 p. .
 La Trahison [« The Betrayal »], trad. de Bee Formentelli, Paris, Éditions Gallimard Jeunesse, 2011, 348 p. .
 Waterloo Necropolis [« Fallen Grace »], trad. de Fanny Ladd et Patricia Duez, Paris, Éditions des Grandes Personnes, 2011, 313 p. .
 Velvet [« Velvet »], trad. de Fanny Ladd et Patricia Duez, Paris, Éditions des Grandes Personnes, 2012, 324 p. .
 L'Infortune de Kitty Grey [« The Disgrace of Kitty Grey »], trad. de Fanny Ladd et Patricia Duez, Paris, Éditions des Grandes Personnes, 2014, 281 p. .

Notes et références

Lien externe

Écrivain britannique du XXe siècle
Écrivain britannique du XXIe siècle
Auteur britannique de littérature d'enfance et de jeunesse
Étudiant de l'université de Reading
Naissance en juillet 1948
Naissance à Barnes


Children played with simple toys in the 1900s including the most famous rag doll of all, Raggedy Ann. Raggedy dolls were popular with parents because they could easily be patched when there were holes in them from children playing with them.
During the spring of 1916 the Hilliard Theater Auditorium was built. Hilliard Auditorium was located on Center Street, west of the Winterringer store. Today, it is the NAPA auto parts store. Families of Northwest Franklin county were finally able to attend cultural events. The first event that took place in the auditorium was the Hilliard High School graduation.
On May 27, 1916 the first motion pictures were shown. Shows could be seen on Wednesday and Saturday night of each week. Instead of previews to shows coming soon there would be some type of singing or story or poetry readings. Frank Winterringer's daughter Esther would often play piano during the movies since there was no sound in movies at that time.
Many performances were offered at the Hilliard Theater Auditorium. Performances such as a traveling opera company, magician's shows, basketball games (an independent team made up of ex-high school players), wrestling matches and dances. The Hilliard Band was popular for nearly every social event.
Besides attending performances at the Hilliard Auditorium you could take dancing classes. Popular dances including the one-step or two-step and the waltz could be learned at a cost of ten lessons for $5.00. Churches and organizations also held bazaars and dinners in this large room.
In the late 1920's entertainment at the Hilliard Theater came to an end with the arrival of the talking pictures because people could drive to Columbus to see movies where the people talked.
Other ways families spent their free time together was watching soap box derby races. In the 1930s many boys would work with their fathers to build a soap box derby car. Once completed, towns would build wooden ramps so derby racers could race their cars. Families would even visit neighboring towns to race their cars.


text:
Palace Resorts Expanding to Jamaica
Above: the Sunset Jamaica Grande
Palace Resorts has acquired the Sunset Jamaica Grande resort in Ocho Rios Jamaica, with plans to debut the property as a Palace-branded resort in 2015.
The Sunset Jamaica Grande will close on Sep. 1 for "extensive renovations and upgrades," before opening as the Moon Palace Jamaica Grande in "early 2015," the company said in a release.
It will be the first Palace Resorts property outside of Mexico.
"When we designed our strategic five-year growth plan, we listed several destinations as priorities, and Jamaica was at the top of that list," said Gibran Chapur, executive vice president for Palace Resorts. "We believe Jamaica is the most important tourism destination in the Caribbean, and we found Sunset Jamaica Grande to be the perfect opportunity for us to enter this market."
Ian Kerr, managing director of Sunset Resorts Jamaica, said that while the company had "several options" for the future of the property, it was "confident Palace Resorts would respect the hotel's rich history, its employee culture, and would have the ability to bring a new and exciting brand to Jamaica."
Palace Resorts currently owns and operates seven properties in Mexico.
The new Jamaica resort has 730 guestrooms and suites on a 17-acre stretch of private beach in Ocho Rios.
Jamaica, News
caribbean, caribbean news, jamaica, moon palace, palace resorts, resorts, sunset grande
You're sitting in your own private plunge pool, gazing out a green-hill-lined lagoon, sipping on a ti' punch. It's the ultimate French Caribbean afternoon. That's just another day at one of our favorite places to stay in the French Caribbean: …
Sotheby's to Auction Top Anguilla Villa


Gov. Kashim Shettima of Borno state and the Chief of Army Staff, Lt- Gen TY Buratai on Wednesday flagged off the opening of Maiduguri to Gamboru/Ngala Road in Borno state.
The road which was shutdown for the last 27 months is one of the most commercially viable road in the country that links Nigeria to the Republic of Chad, Cameroon, Sudan and Central African Republic.
Shettima was full of praises to President Muhammadu Buhari for choosing Lt-Gen. Buratai as Chief of Army Staff and further stated that the Nigerian Army under Buratai is winning the war and those that are against him are sympathisers of Boko Haram.
He also thanked Buratai for sending best hands in the Army to fight the war in Borno and the Northeast. The visit to the ancient town of Dikwa was rounded-up by a visit to this historic Rabi house.


DiveStyle is an award winning PADI scuba diving centre located in Reading Berkshire.
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Placed in a middle of agglomeration, the media center is isolated from the center by the rail tracks and by 60 meters of level difference between itself and the upper town. Even the developing surrounding urban tissue will not generate enough public movement to energize the site.
Nevertheless, the media center has a historic role, the role to glue together lower town and upper town. It is an urban pivot point. Its cylindrical form turns back to no one. The new neighborhood will not find itself behind the media center that pays its respect to the upper town.


The ones who already own it, know how compelling Aviator sunglasses are. Aviators are one of the most popular trends ever. They are classy, royal, retro, cool, and luxurious - all at the same time. It is a classic Aviators style frame will look stunning when converted and used as a prescription sunglasses.
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Unique shaped Aviators by Munich are designed without nose pad. This frames is a combination of metal and acetate body. The frame looks sleek and has a sturdy design. Slightly covered brow-bar gives it a classic minimalist bridge and a swooping personality.
These are our top design in Aviators sunglasses that you must try. These are an excellent design patterned that can be easily transformed as prescription sunglasses. Or more style and designs, check out at Optically Canada.


text:
Q: (javascript) How to sort an array of strings that has seasons and years? The seasons need to be in this order: Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
and each season has the year 2025 and 2026.
All the 2025's need to be with each other and all the 2026's need to be with each other (2025 and 2026 are just examples the years can be anything: 1945, 3005, 7980, etc).
for example:
const seasonArr = ['Spring2026',' Spring2025','Summer2026','Summer2025','Fall2025','Fall2026','Winter2026','Winter2025']

let sortedArr = []

const someFunction = () => {
   ...
}

someFunction(seasonArr) // output: sortedArr = ['Spring2025', 'Summer2025', 'Fall2025', 'Winter2025', 'Spring2026', 'Summer2026', 'Fall2026', 'Winter2026']

I know I probably have to compare the years but since they're strings I'm struggling to compare just the numbers.
this is something that I thought of:
const seasonArr = ['Spring2026',' Spring2025','Summer2026','Summer2025','Fall2025','Fall2026','Winter2026','Winter2025']

let sortedArr = []

const someFunction = (seasonArr) => {
   for (const season of seasonArr) {
     let year = season.split(/([0-9]+)/)
     // unsure where to go from here
   }
}

someFunction(seasonArr)

A: I split the strings into year and season, compare the year and compare the season for same years. I use an array of seasons for the order.

const seasonArr = ['Spring2026','Spring2025','Summer2026','Summer2025','Fall2025','Fall2026','Winter2026','Winter2025'];

const seasons = ['Spring', 'Summer', 'Fall', 'Winter'];

const regexp = /(.+)(\d{4})/;
const someFunction = (s) => {
   return [...s].sort((lhs, rhs) => {
     const [seasonL, yearL] = regexp.exec(lhs).slice(1);
     const [seasonR, yearR] = regexp.exec(rhs).slice(1);
     return +yearL - +yearR || seasons.indexOf(seasonL) - seasons.indexOf(seasonR);
   });
}

let sortedArr = someFunction(seasonArr);
console.log(sortedArr);

I create a shallow copy with
[...s]

to keep the original array unchanged.
Same logic with better performance for large arrays

const seasonArr = ['Spring2026','Spring2025','Summer2026','Summer2025','Fall2025','Fall2026','Winter2026','Winter2025'];

const seasons = ['Spring', 'Summer', 'Fall', 'Winter'];

const regexp = /(.+)(\d{4})/;
const someFunction = (s) => {
   return s
     .map(el => {
       const [season, year] = regexp.exec(el).slice(1);
       return [season, year, seasons.indexOf(season[0])];
     })
     .sort((lhs, rhs) => {
       return +lhs[1] - +rhs[1] || lhs[2] - rhs[2];
     })
     .map(el => el[0] + el[1]);
}

let sortedArr = someFunction(seasonArr);
console.log(sortedArr);

A: This solution builds on basically what you're suggesting.
First, split the values into an array of objects that have season and year.  Then sort by year and the index of the season.  Then put the values back together.

const seasonArr = ['Spring2026',' Spring2025','Summer2026','Summer2025','Fall2025','Fall2026','Winter2026','Winter2025']

const SEASONS = ["Spring", "Summer", "Fall", "Winter"]

function comparator(a, b) {
  if (a.year == b.year) {
    const aSeasonIndex = SEASONS.indexOf(a.season)
    const bSeasonIndex = SEASONS.indexOf(b.season)
    return aSeasonIndex - bSeasonIndex;
  }
  return a.year - b.year;
}

function seasonYearToObject(obj) {
  const matches = obj.match(/([^\d]*)(\d+)/)
  if (matches) {
    return {season: matches[1], year: matches[2]}
  }
}

function objectToSeasonYear(obj) {
  return `${obj.season}${obj.year}`
}

function sortByYearAndSeason(arr) {
  return arr
    .map(entry => seasonYearToObject(entry))
    .sort(comparator)
    .map(objectToSeasonYear);
}

console.log (sortByYearAndSeason(seasonArr))

A: You are almost done after season.split(/([0-9]+)/) with String#split()

*

*Just have created seasonObj with the desired sort order for all seasons and combine Array#map(), Destructuring assignment and Array#sort()
Code:

const seasonArr = ['Spring2026', 'Spring2025', 'Summer2026', 'Summer2025', 'Fall2025', 'Fall2026', 'Winter2026', 'Winter2025']
const seasonObj = { Spring: 0, Summer: 1, Fall: 2, Winter: 3 }

const result = seasonArr
  .map((season) => season.split(/([0-9]+)/))
  .sort(([aSeason, aYear], [bSeason, bYear]) =>
      +aYear - bYear || seasonObj[aSeason] - seasonObj[bSeason])
  .map(([season, year]) => `${season}${year}`)

console.log(result)


text:
Contemporary Art Society Menu
Donating great art to museums since 1910
The Artist's Table
Sackler CPD Programme
Curator's Talk – Frances Guy on Luke Fowler
North Member Programme
Gallery Walk, Wakefield
West Yorkshire, WF1 5AW
The Hepworth Wakefield and Wolverhampton Art Gallery, in association with Film and Video Umbrella, were winners of the 2010 Contemporary Art Society Annual Award for Museums for their proposal with artist Luke Fowler. The starting point for Fowler's research and new film work are the writings and rarely-seen archive materials from the radical socialists Edward Palmer Thompson, Raymond Williams and Richard Hoggart.
Join Frances Guy (Head of Collections and Exhibitions, The Hepworth Wakefield) and Lucy Byatt (Head of National Programme, Contemporary Art Society) for a talk about Fowler's new film and the Annual Museums Award.
This event is part of a series of events programmed by the Contemporary Art Society in the North West. Membership costs £50 per year / £25 for students.
If you are not yet a member and would like to join, or to receive further information about the organisation and its activities, please contact Mark Doyle at mark@contemporaryartsociety.org or call 07891 880 498.
Stay up to date with the latest news and events and receive our monthly newsletter.
Donations of all sizes help sustain emerging artists at the beginning of their careers and ensure that their work has inspirational impact on audiences across the UK
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text:
Sherlock Holmes: Pantaloons Theatre Company, Waterperry Gardens
By Angie Johnson
Dr Watson (Jackson Pentland) and Sherlock Holmes (Benjamin Lawlor)
Being a Sherlock Holmes fan I was intrigued to see that an outdoor production featuring some of his best-loved cases was being staged at the stunning Waterperry Gardens.
Pantaloons Theatre Company have adapted four of Conan Doyle's favourite stories, including The Speckled Band and the sublime The Hound of the Baskervilles, into a two-hour production of ingenuity, verve and wit celebrating the great detective's adventures in a very unconventional way.
The Pantaloons are famed for their madcap interpretations incorporating genius physical comedy, music interludes, and hilarious contemporary references. But despite their cheekiness this remains a genuine homage to the stories, in large part because of the excellent script and direction from Mark Hayward.
The cast of four also execute sterling work, with much élan.
The two great central performances by Louis Labovitch and Edward Ferrow as Sherlock and Dr Watson, are ably supported by Isaac Leafe and Elliot Quinn (in a variety of strange wigs, beards and hats) as a myriad of other Holmesian characters.
The company also has the best audience participation skills I have ever witnessed: playing out bits of scenes among the rows of picnickers, comically pretending to help themselves to the drinks etc, making us part of the show. It was such a delight to see the children in the audience look so involved.
In the interval there was time to wander and admire the garden and its stunning views and discover how the bijou set worked. Waterperry Gardens is perfect for family events, such as the children's summer orienteering course. On Sunday it hosts an afternoon of 'Military Colour' — a fundraiser for ABF. the soldiers' charity, featuring music and dance with the Scots Guards Pipes and Drums, Abingdon Military Wives Choir and Caledonian Achushla Dance.


Proposals which would require all sports coaches working with children and other vulnerable groups to undergo mandatory disclosure checks have been outlined.
Disclosure Scotland published a consultation to review Scotland's disclosure regime, including the Protecting Vulnerable Groups (PVG) scheme, which covers those working with children and the vulnerable.
"We have a duty to make Scotland a fair and safe society, supporting people into work, protecting children and those in receipt of medical or care services.
"Establishing the PVG scheme in 2011, the Scottish Parliament created a forward-thinking disclosure regime to balance safeguarding individual rights with respect for their private life.
"These new proposals will allow Disclosure Scotland to improve its services to customers, simplifying and modernising our disclosure system so that it's fit for a digital future, whilst continuing to ensure people receive the best possible protection.
The full consultation is available on the Scottish Government's website.


text:
On 2nd try, Swedes elect 1st female prime minister Andersson
COPENHAGEN, Denmark (AP) — Magdalena Andersson, who last week was Sweden's first female prime minister for a few hours before resigning because a budget defeat made a coalition partner quit, was on elected again on Monday as the Nordic nation's head of government.
In a 101 -173 vote with 75 abstentions, the 349-seat Riksdag elected Andersson, leader of the Social Democrats, as prime minister. She will form a one-party, minority government. Her Cabinet is expected to be named Tuesday. Formally, she will be installed following an audience with King Carl XVI Gustav, Sweden's figurehead monarch.
Andersson served as prime minister for seven hours before stepping down last week after the Greens left her two-party coalition. Their move followed the rejection of her government's budget proposal in favor of one presented by opposition parties including the right-wing populist Sweden Democrats, who are rooted in a neo-Nazi movement.
Under the Swedish Constitution, prime ministers can be named and govern as long as a parliamentary majority — a minimum of 175 lawmakers — is not against them.
In a speech to parliament, Center Party leader Annie Loof said a female prime minister "means a lot to many girls and women, to see this glass roof shattered. I am proud that (the Center Party) is involved and makes this possible." Her party abstain from voting for or against Andersson, paving the way for her election.
Andersson's appointment as prime minister had marked a milestone for Sweden, viewed for decades as one of Europe's most progressive countries when it comes to gender relations, but which had yet to have a woman in the top political post.
The right wing of the Riksdag is divided. Ulf Kristersson, head of the opposition Moderate party — Sweden's second largest — repeatedly has said that a center-right government is not feasible because no mainstream party wants to cooperate with the third-largest party, the right-wing Sweden Democrats.
Andersson's predecessor as prime minister, Stefan Lofven, is still leading the Swedish government in a caretaking capacity until a new one is formed.
Sweden's next general election is scheduled for Sept. 11.
Facing staff shortages, Quebec asks public sector workers to help in health system
MONTREAL — A major union representing public sector workers says it's open to temporarily transferring members to help out in the overburdened health system, but it says it wasn't given enough notice and is facing labour shortages of its own. The Quebec government is looking for public sector workers to temporarily fill more than 2,000 health-care service aide positions, the Health Department said Monday. But the government only made its request on Friday, said Christian Daigle, president of the
Hertha Berlin out to dispel gloom before derby, Bayern games
BERLIN (AP) — After years of disappointment, Hertha Berlin fans are bracing themselves for yet more ahead of a daunting week against city rival Union Berlin and Bavarian powerhouse Bayern Munich. Hertha hosts in-form Union in the third round of the German Cup on Wednesday, then league leader Bayern in the Bundesliga on Sunday. Injuries, the coronavirus, and the upheaval caused by the high turnover of players amid another coaching change have complicated Hertha's bid to emerge from its stubborn y
EDMONTON — Alberta's Opposition is calling for the justice minister to resign because he phoned Edmonton's police chief with concerns about a traffic ticket. The Edmonton Police Service says Kaycee Madu phoned Chief Dale McFee shortly after he was ticketed for distracted driving in March 2021. The service says in a statement that Madu had concerns about the traffic stop but did not ask the chief to waive the ticket. Police say the ticket was issued correctly and remains valid. NDP justice critic


It's my birthday today. I am now 34. Not quite mid-thirties, but not on the young side of 30 either.
Age has never really bothered me all that much before. Oh, sure, I couldn't wait until I turned 16 so I could get my driver's license or the excitement of being able to order an alcoholic drink in a restaurant at age 21.
The year I turned 30 was not the big life-changing event my friends told me about. It was a day of friendship and family, but I certainly didn't feel older.
And then I think that maybe I'm not as young as I used to be. Or maybe I just need to make a change.
I'm 34 now, which means I still have plenty of years to kick around. It's time to take care of my health with the same (if not better) care that I take with the family finances. That means I need to trim back the fat from my diet (and my spending). I need to exercise my body as well as my brain cells.
Retirement is still a long ways off for me, and that's exactly why I need to work harder at preparing for it.
I need to set some goals for the life I want to live and start living that life now.
I'm happy I'm 34. I don't miss the awkward age of 14 or the spendthrift I was at 24. I'm happy where I'm at. And being content is a great place to be.
I hope that wherever you are is where you want to be, and if it's not, then start doing something about it!
Okay… enough seriousness. It's time for me to celebrate. I think I'll go take advantage of some of those birthday freebies I've got coming to me.