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A Complete Guide to Rugby, Information, Tips & Tricks
8 Tips For Defending Your Bug Out Location From Marauders
Rugby is the most popular game in New Zealand, with over a million people playing. But it's not just for Kiwis anymore – international rugby is booming too! Rugby players will often like to know how to play better and win more games. Here are some key tips that can help you make your way into the top three teams at your school or club!.
Rugby is a sport that is played between two teams of 15 players. The objective of the game is to score more points than the opponent. There are three different types of rugby, which are: Rugby Union, Rugby League and Rugby Sevens.
Rugby, in its current form, is one of the most thrilling contact sports on the planet, combining the pace and mobility of soccer with the hard-hitting physicality of American football. The Rugby World Cup is the world's third most popular athletic event, after the FIFA World Cup and the Summer Olympics. While we in the United States like football, the rest of the world enjoys rugby. The 2003 World Cup had a global viewership of nearly 3.5 billion people and was aired in 205 countries. Perhaps it's past time for us Americans to understand what all the hoopla is about…
The following will serve as a basic introduction to rugby, from its history to its aims and fundamental regulations, as well as some pointers on where you may find possibilities to play yourself.
Before we get into the specifics of how to play rugby, it's important to clarify what sort of rugby we're talking about. Rugby Union and Rugby League are the two primary forms of play. While there are numerous parallels between the two games, they are fundamentally distinct. The emphasis of this essay will be on Rugby Union, which is the more popular of the two sports.
Equipment and the Field
In size and form, a rugby ball is most comparable to an American football, however it is bigger and most current models do not have laces.
There isn't much in the way of personal belongings. In regulation play, a mouthpiece is required, and a scrum hat, a soft-padded headgear with the primary goal of protecting the pack player's ears in the scrum, is optional. Scrum hats resemble the original leather helmets used by American football players.
A rugby playing field, often known as the pitch, is a vast grassy area that is 100 meters long and 70 meters broad, with uprights on either end. The goal area, which must be at least 10 meters deep and is generally 22 meters deep, is located behind the uprights. The figure below depicts the line marks.
Positions and Players
On the field, there are two teams, each with 15 players. A team's players are divided into two distinct groups: the pack and the backs. In general, the pack is made up of bigger, more physical players, similar to defensive linemen in American football. Backs, like the backfield and receivers in American football, are generally the speedier, more maneuverable players. Pack players are represented by jersey numbers 1-8, while backs are represented by jersey numbers 9-15. The following figure depicts the breakdown of the fifteen different positions on the field of play:
Rugby game play is not too sophisticated, but it might be perplexing to those who are inexperienced with the sport. This is due to the fact that, although it has some parallels to other sports, it is considerably different from the games to which we attempt to compare it (namely soccer and American football). Carrying the ball is permissible, unlike soccer, which makes it more akin to football in many aspects. In contrast to football, rugby does not allow forward passes, and match play is only interrupted for penalties, not every play.
A regulation-length game lasts 80 minutes, divided into two 40-minute halves with a 10-minute halftime break. The time is always ticking, and play only comes to a halt for penalties throughout the match. Essentially, the ordinary rugby player is always moving, alternating between jogging and sprinting. As a result, rugby necessitates a high degree of physical condition, and you won't see many of these individuals on the pitch:
The Game's Objective
Rugby's purpose is to score tries, or touchdowns, by touching down the ball within the other team's end zone. Any player with the ball has the ability to score. A try is worth 5 points, following which a conversion kick is provided, giving the team the opportunity to score two more points if the kick is successful. There are additional ways to score as well, the first of which is a drop goal. This is scored when a player kicks the ball through the uprights of the opposing team during play. The ball must make contact with the ground before being kicked to count as a drop goal (essentially dropped then kicked, making it a difficult maneuver). For certain offences, a penalty kick may be awarded, allowing for a free kick from the infraction's location (as long as it is behind the 22 meter line). The penalty kick is worth three points as well.
So, how do teams put points on the board? Various aspects arise throughout play as a result of particular circumstances. We may study these factors by following along with a hypothetical scenario of how a match would unfold.
A kickoff from the 50 meter line occurs at the start of the game and soon after halftime. Before the contest starts, a coin toss determines who will kick off. After a team scores a try, a kickoff is also taken. Another way rugby varies from American football is that it is a "make it, take it" sport, with the scoring team getting the next kickoff.
Movement of the Ball
Players will try to progress the ball up the field by running, passing, or kicking it after receiving the kick. Any player may carry the ball; however, teammates are not permitted to impede opponents from tackling the ball carrier, and using teammates as a shield while carrying the ball is prohibited. Passing is permitted, but only in the form of a reverse lateral, which means the player to whom you are passing must be on the opposite side of the field of play from you. Penalties are assessed for laterals and forward laterals. Finally, the ball carrier may find it beneficial to kick the ball over the defenders, enabling himself or another teammate to run it down or catch it (receiving your own or a teammate's kick is legal).
The Ruck
Assume the ball carrier gets tackled by the defense at this moment. The ruck is what develops as a result of this. The ball carrier will try to roll so that his back is towards the defense and will protect the ball with his body while being tackled. All of this must happen at the same time as the tackle, since a player on the ground is not permitted to guard or touch the ball with his hands in any way. While the tackled player shields the ball, his team's pack players (typically two or three) would move over him to keep the defense away from the ball, which anybody may collect at this time. If the defense does not collect the ball, another offensive player, generally the scrum half, will come in, receive it, and pass it to the backs, letting the game to continue.
The Scrum
Assume there is a penalty as the game progresses. The official will offer the opposing side with choices based on the infraction. Many infractions result in a scrum being handed to the other side. A scrum is the most well-known of the rugby forms, and you've probably seen photos of it. It's a set play in which both teams' pack members create three rows of three players apiece (3 men, then 4 men, then 1 man). After both teams have formed this shape, the two masses face each other and lock shoulders, forming a tunnel between the front rows. The two teams drive against one other upon the official's signal, and the attacking scrum half throws the ball into the tunnel. The goal is to force the other team to give up the ball by carrying it beneath your own side (no hands permitted) and into the hands of the scrum half, who is now waiting for it. If this goes well, the ball is handed to the backs, and the game continues. The scrum is a tough environment that was most likely the source for Ralph Waldo Emerson's poem:
"Whoever wants to be a man must be a nonconformist who prefers to play in a pack."
Here's a great example of a scrum:
The Output Line
As the game progresses, a ball carrier gets tackled out of bounds, or into touch in rugby. Play comes to a halt at this juncture, and the opposing team receives a line-out. In a line-out, an offensive player tosses the ball over a tunnel made by opposing teams, and the lifters raise jumpers into the air in an attempt to catch the ball before the other team. The lifters and jumpers must be pack members. The attacking side has the advantage in that they may choose how many players to employ in the line-out, whereas the defense can only use an equal number or fewer. In addition, the offensive frequently uses strategy, with the player throwing the ball at a height and distance that the defense is unaware of. To allow both sides a realistic opportunity to take control, the ball must be tossed directly over the tunnel. Once the jumper has control of the ball, he or she either passes it to the scrum half or is lowered down and hands it off to the scrum half, and play continues.
Here's an example of a line-out:
The Maul
The side in possession of the ball is on the verge of scoring. A player gets a ball and drives past multiple defenders, approaching the try zone. However, he is tackled by numerous defenders before he can enter and touch down the ball. Instead of collapsing to the ground, he keeps his balance, turns away from the defenders trying to tackle him, and begins efficiently guarding the ball. What's going on is now referred to be a maul. A maul is essentially a standing, mobile version of a ruck. In order to gain ground, offensive pack players will rush in and bind onto the ball carrier, propelling him forward. While it is forbidden for the ball carrier to ground the ball after a maul has started, he may pass it to another player. The scrum half will usually grab the ball from him and transfer it to the backs, allowing the game to continue.
Attempting a Conversion and Scoring a Try
The ball has been transferred off of the maul and into the hands of one of the backs, who carries it into the try zone and puts it down to give his side a five-point lead. For points to be given, the ball must be touched down. Because the conversion kick is launched from the same place on the 22 meter line (or closer/further back if the kicker chooses), it's also necessary to examine where the ball is touched down. As a result, if a player scores a try by touching the ball down in the far right corner of the try zone, the ball will be put up for the conversion even with that point on the 22 meter line, making the kicker's work much more difficult.
I won't go into great length about the different penalties since this is only an introduction, but here are some of the most important ones to remember:
There will be no forward or lateral passing.
A knock on is a dropped pass that results in a penalty.
There will be no tackling of an aerial athlete.
There will be no neck tackling.
Any offensive player on the field ahead of the kicker is deemed off sides and may not engage in play until the kicker has moved past him. A penalty is assessed if you participate in play after a kick while ahead of the kicker.
In a nutshell, that's how a rugby game is played. Of course, rugby, like other sports, is much more complex than what can be covered in a single (not so short) essay, therefore this should just be regarded "the fundamentals." Let's take a look at some of the most well-known teams and players in professional rugby, as well as some of the venues where you may play.
Rugby is a professional sport.
Rugby is divided into numerous professional levels. For example, in the United Kingdom, there are a number of city teams that are the equivalent of professional football teams in the United States. However, there is an international level above this, which might be termed the "big show." The most watched rugby events are international teams, which are made up of representatives from city teams throughout the globe. The phrase "away game" takes on new significance when flying from Australia to London to play rugby. Here's a brief rundown of a few of the finest international squads.
The Springboks of South Africa
The Springboks are the current World Cup champions, having beaten England 15-6 in 2007. They are constantly a competitor on the world stage, and Nelson Mandela even referred to the squad as "the pride of the whole country."
The All Blacks of New Zealand
"You may go to the end of time, to the last World Cup in human history, and the All Blacks will be the favorites." -Phil Kearns, former Australia rugby captain
Few would argue that the New Zealand All Blacks are the most popular rugby team. They have been a top contender for as long as anybody can remember. This is the team to watch, with a roster of former and current all-stars lengthy enough to fill two teams. In addition, they start each game by facing the opposing team and performing one of their renditions of the Maori war dance known as the Haka:
While international rugby has produced a number of great players, one All Black stands out above the others. Jonah Lomu, the first international rugby celebrity, was a force to be reckoned with on the field. He was notorious for making the million-dollar athletes around him seem like playground stuff. He was a monster of a guy with the pace of an Olympic sprinter. An anonymous fax once arrived in the All Blacks locker room before a World Cup final. It said:
"Remember, rugby is a team sport; make sure all 14 of you give the ball to Jonah."
To give you an idea of his athletic talent, the Dallas Cowboys once gave him a six-million-dollar deal despite the fact that he had never played American football before. Here's an example of Lomu's magic in action:
Okay, it piques my attention. What is the best way for me to get involved?
There are a few different possibilities depending on your age. Most colleges of considerable size now have their own rugby club, the majority of which are established and controlled by students, although some do employ coaching staff.
Men's leagues are the way to go for everyone else. These are independently organized teams that are governed by USARugby. These groups provide men of all ages the chance to play rugby and compete in a healthy way. A men's club may be found in almost any decent-sized city, and they are constantly looking for more members. Teams are supported by nominal club dues paid by players (used to finance socials and equipment). Men's clubs in your region may be found by doing a simple Google search.
Both sorts of organizations urge players with no prior rugby experience to apply and will quickly bring you up to speed.
Rugby is a sport that can be difficult to understand, but this guide will provide you with all the information and tips you need. It will give you some of the basics for playing rugby for beginners. Reference: how to play rugby for beginners.
What are 5 important rules of rugby?
A: 1. The team with the most points at the end of a game is considered to have won that game, so its important that a good strategy is put in place before games start 2. There are two types of tries- 3rd and 5th phase 4. Scrums occur when the ball goes out- this usually happens if someone knocks on or frees from their own half 5. Rugby starts off with an opening ceremony
What are the basics of rugby?
A: Rugby is a very old sport that has evolved into many different versions over time. There are 5 players on each side and they have to pass the ball down the field while running with it, trying not to get tackled.
The game can last around 2 hours if played by both teams equally well. The team scoring more tries wins
What is the most important rule in rugby?
A: The most important rule in rugby is that the game should not be stopped for any reason.
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Dirty Jersey 60 Super DIRTcar Series, Big Block Modifieds, Turnpike 25 Sportsman Challenge.
Twin 20 Modifieds, Sportsman, Street Stocks plus Billy Pauch Wins His 700th Career Feature!
SEASON REVIEW This 63 minute DVD shows highlights of all the modified features at Bridgeport and New Egypt Speedways from March through October.
Short Track Supernationals Special - Get the entire weekend for only $20.00!!
on the inner 1/5th mile.


Mod Dot is a browser extension, which will allow developers to make changes to a live website in DevTools, and share a link with stakeholders. The extension will track changes, allow code diffs and commentary all tracked in one central location. This plugin could very well alter the web design workflow for remote teams.


Part five of the Feb. 3, 1996 airing of Ape Zone on UPN. The remaining captives discuss and experience the pitfalls of the democratic process. Spoiler alert, this chunk contains more heightened violence than we've seen so far. Also a brief amount of video was lost due to a glitch near the end of this part.


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According to Dr Niphon Poapongsakorn, dean of Economics at Thammasat University in Thailand, cassava-based ethanol is competitive when oil is above $40 per barrel. Thailand is the world's largest producer and exporter of cassava for industrial use. Bangkok Post - September 14, 2007.
German biogas and biodiesel developer BKN BioKraftstoff Nord AG has generated gross proceeds totaling €5.5 million as part of its capital increase from authorized capital. Ad Hoc News - September 13, 2007.
NewGen Technologies, Inc. announced that it and Titan Global Holdings, Inc. completed a definitive Biofuels Supply Agreement which will become effective upon Titan's acquisition of Appalachian Oil Company. Given APPCO's current distribution of over 225 million gallons of fuel products per year, the initial expected ethanol supply to APPCO should exceed 1 million gallons a month. Charlotte dBusinessNews - September 13, 2007.
Oil prices reach record highs as the U.S. Energy Information Agency releases a report that showed crude oil inventories fell by more than seven million barrels last week. The rise comes despite a decision by the international oil cartel, OPEC, to raise its output quota by 500,000 barrels. Reuters - September 12, 2007.
OPEC decided today to increase the volume of crude supplied to the market by Member Countries (excluding Angola and Iraq) by 500,000 b/d, effective 1 November 2007. The decision comes after oil reached near record-highs and after Saudi Aramco announced that last year's crude oil production declined by 1.7 percent, while exports declined by 3.1 percent. OPEC - September 11, 2007.
GreenField Ethanol and Monsanto Canada launch the 'Gro-ethanol' program which invites Ontario's farmers to grow corn seed containing Monsanto traits, specifically for the ethanol market. The corn hybrids eligible for the program include Monsanto traits that produce higher yielding corn for ethanol production. MarketWire - September 11, 2007.
Ethanol Statistics, a new industry information resource, reports that U.S. petroleum refiners Citgo and Valero are the top 2 ethanol importing companies in the United States in the first 6 months of 2007. Overall imports were up 7.64% compared to the same period in 2006, from 193,620 gallons to 208,404 gallons. Chevron imported 43% less, whereas Noble and ConocoPhilips' imports were up 255% and 372% respectively. Data are reported in 'The United States Ethanol Market 2007', which also provides a breakdown of U.S. ethanol production costs and a detailed analysis of U.S. consumption and production. Ethanol Statistics - September 10, 2007.
The government of British Columbia launches a $100,000 study into the production of biogas, heat, power and clean water from household waste streams. Raw sewage water can be cleaned by microbial fuel cells that deliver electricity as they clean the water; other technologies include classic anaerobic fermentation. Canada.com - September 10, 2007.
Saudi Aramco in its Annual Review 2006 said that last year the company's crude oil production declined by 1.7 percent, while exports declined by 3.1 percent, compared with the previous year. Crude oil production in 2006 averaged 8.9 million barrels of oil a day (b/d) and exports 6.9 million b/d. Saudi Aramco - September 9, 2007.
Chinese packaging manufacturer Livan Biodegradable Product Co. Ltd. will build plants in Alsozsolca and Edeleny in eastern Hungary at a combined cost of €18 million by 2009, the Hungarian economics ministry says. The plants, which will employ 800 people, are planned to produce initially 50, 000 metric tons a year of environmentally-friendly packaging material, and double that amount by a later date. Livan will use corn to manufacture biodegradable packaging boxes with similar properties to petroleum-based plastic boxes used in the food industry. Dow Jones Newswires - September 7, 2007.
South Korea aims to raise biodiesel content in domestic diesel to 3 percent from the current 0.5 percent by 2012, Seoul's energy ministry said today. The government was initially set last year to impose a mandatory 5 percent blend, in line with the level targeted by the European Union by 2010, but the country's powerful refining lobby opposed the move, forcing it to push back the target, according to market sources. Reuters - September 7, 2007.
Virent Energy Systems, Inc. announced today that it has closed a US$21 million second round of venture financing. Investor interest in Virent was driven in large part by the Company's continued development of its innovative BioForming process beyond its traditional hydrogen and fuel gas applications and toward the production of bio-based gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels. Virent Energy Systems - September 6, 2007.
The U.S. National Ethanol Vehicle Coalition (NEVC) announces that 31 models of motor vehicles will be offered in the U.S. with an E85 capable engine in 2008. Chrysler, Ford, General Motors, Nissan and Mercedes Benz will all offer flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) in the coming year. The NEVC expects 750,000 such FFVs will be produced in 2008. National Ethanol Vehicle Coalition - September 5, 2007.
GreenHunter BioFuels, Inc., has begun commercial operations with the start-up of a 1,500 barrel per day methanol distillation system. Methanol is an alcohol used to transesterify vegetable oils into biodiesel. The methanol production facility is a key element of GreenHunter's 105 million gallon per year biodiesel refinery, the largest in the U.S., slated for initial operations during the first quarter of 2008. PRNewswire - September 5, 2007.
Spanish renewables group Abengoa released its results for the first half of 2007 financial year in which its consolidated sales were €1,393.6 million, which is a 27.9 percent increase on the previous year. Earnings after tax were €54.9 million, an 18.6 percent increase on the previous year's figure of 46.3 million euro. Abengoa is active in the bioenergy, solar and environmental services sector. Abengoa - September 4, 2007.
Canadian hydro power developer Run of River Power Inc. has reached an agreement to buy privately owned Western Biomass Power Corp. in a $2.2 million share swap deal that could help finance development of new green sources of electricity in British Columbia. The Canadian Press - September 4, 2007.
As of Sept. 1, a biodiesel blending mandate has come into force in the Czech Republic, requiring diesel suppliers to mix 2 per cent biodiesel into the fuel. The same rule will be obligatory for gasoline starting next year. In 2009 the biofuel ratio will grow to 3.5 percent in gasoline and 4.5 percent in diesel oil. CBW - September 3, 2007.
Budapest's first biofuel station opens on Monday near the Pesterzsébet (District XX) Tesco hypermarket. This is the third station selling the E85 fuel containing bioethanol in Hungary, as two other stations are encouraging eco-friendly driving in Bábolna and Győr. Caboodle - September 3, 2007.
Canadian forest products company Tembec announced that it has completed the acquisition of the assets of Chapleau Cogeneration Limited located in Chapleau, Ontario. The transaction includes a biomass fired boiler and steam turbine with an installed capacity of 7.2 megawatts. Consideration for the assets consists of a series of future annual payments to 2022, with a present value of approximately $1 million. Tembec - September 1, 2007.
Innovative internet and cable/satellite channel CurrentTV is producing a documentary on Brazil's biofuel revolution. Biopact collegues and friends Marcelo Coelho (EthanolBrasil Blog), Henrique Oliveira (Ethablog) and Marcelo Alioti (E-Machine) provided consulting on the technical, economic, environmental and social aspects of Brazil's energy transformation. ProCana - August 31, 2007.
Oil major BP Plc and Associated British Foods Plc won competition clearance from the European Commission on to build a plant to make transport fuel from wheat in Hull, northeast England. U.S. chemical company DuPont is also involved. Reuters UK - August 31, 2007.
The government of the Indian state of Orissa announced its policy for biofuel production which includes a slew of incentives as well as measures to promote the establishment of energy plantations. The state aims to bring 600,000 hectares of barren and fallow land under Jatropha and Karanj. At least 2 million hectares degraded land are available in the State. The new policy's other objectives are to provide a platform for investors and entrepreneurs, market linkages and quality control measures. Newindpress - August 29, 2007.
Brazil's state-run oil company Petrobras said today it expects to reach large scale cellulosic ethanol production in 2015, with the first plant entering operations as early as 2011. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant biological material on the planet, making up the bulk of the structure of wood and plants. In a first phase, Petrobras intends to use bagasse as a feedstock. Reuters / MacauHub- August 29, 2007.
Seattle based Propel Biofuels, is announcing a $4.75 million first round of capital from @Ventures and Nth Power. The money will be used to help Propel set up and manage biodiesel fueling stations. BusinessWire - August 29, 2007.
BioEnergy International, a science and technology company committed to developing biorefineries to produce fuels and specialty chemicals from renewable resources, announced today the closing of a major US$61.6 million investment that will provide funding for the Company's three strategic initiatives: generating secure cash flow from its conventional ethanol platform, product diversification through the introduction of novel biocatalysts for the manufacture of green chemicals and biopolymers and the integration of its cellulose technology. BusinessWire - August 28, 2007.
German company Verbio Vereinigte BioEnergie, the biggest biofuels producer in Europe, says it is considering plans to invest up to €100/US$136.5 million in a biofuel production facility in Bulgaria. The company wants the new facility to be located close to a port and Bulgaria's city of Varna on the Black Sea is one of the options under consideration. If Verbio goes through with the plan, it would produce both biodiesel and bioethanol, making Bulgaria a major source of biofuels in southeastern Europe. Verbi currently produces around 700,000 tonnes of biofuels per year. Sofia News Agency - August 27, 2007.
Czech brown-coal-fired power plant Elektrárna Tisová (ETI), a unit of the energy producer ČEZ, could co-fire up to 40,000 tons of biomass this year, the biggest amount in the company's history, said Martin Sobotka, ČEZ spokesman for West Bohemia. ETI burned more than 19,000 tons of biomass in the first half of 2007. The company's plan reckoned with biomass consumption of up to 35,000 tons a year. Czech Business Weekly - August 27, 2007.
Blue Sun Biodiesel proposes biorefinery based on Jatropha biodiesel and synthetic diesel from biomass to the U.S. DOE
Blue Sun Biodiesel, LLC announces a proposal for a US$42 million, four-year Jatropha biodiesel and synthetic diesel project to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The proposal is in response to a $200 million DOE request for proposals to demonstrate the commercial viability of an integrated biorefinery utilizing non-food based cellulosic feedstocks.
If funded, the project will capitalize on an innovative approach to utilize domestically produced Jatropha feedstock grown in southern Texas. The farm will be co-located with a biorefinery with a leading-edge biomass-to-liquids (BtL) thermochemical processing system.
The fully integrated development will generate all of its own electricity and heat, producing 100% renewable biodiesel and synthetic diesel fuel from biomass (syndiesel). The biorefinery will be self-sufficient, consume zero-fossil-fuels, and will be carbon-neutral. Blue Sun is teaming with Global Clean Energy Holdings, Community Power Corporation, and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory of Golden, Colorado on this project proposal.
Blue Sun's mission is to produce the lowest-cost, highest-quality diesel fuel possible from biomass. Synthetic diesel can be obtained from biomass by gasifying the feedstock and then to liquefy the gas via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Jatropha biodiesel production relies on the more traditional transesterification process.
Jatropha development in Texas is consistent with Blue Sun's immediate and long-term strategic plan:
sustainability :: energy :: biomass :: bioenergy :: biofuels :: jatropha :: biodiesel :: synthetic biofuel :: biomass-to-liquids :: biorefinery ::
Since its inception, Blue Sun has focused on distributing premium biodiesel fuel with warranted industry-leading specifications. Although Jatropha needs years of development work, the success of this project will help Blue Sun secure a continuous supply of biodiesel feedstock that meets our stringent quality requirements. We expect this four-year project to fully validate the potential for producing over 200 million gallons of Jatropha biodiesel and syndiesel per year. - Jeff Probst, Blue Sun CEO
Blue Sun Biodiesel is a leading supplier of premium biodiesel fuel, made from pure vegetable oils. The company develops and produces biodiesel energy crops such as canola-type oilseeds grown by Blue Sun farmer cooperatives, and is currently implementing advanced production and distribution facilities. Blue Sun markets through an authorized distributor and retail network and focuses on quality management. The company currently markets its branded and high-performance Blue Sun FusionTM B20 diesel fuel throughout the western U.S.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Cargo PMR's rich orange color and large size, 20-25 lb., make it an excellent choice for all pumpkin sales including u-pick operations, farm stands, and large bins. The short vines produce 2 fruits/plant at 24-30" spacing. Intermediate resistance to powdery mildew. Also available treated. Avg. 3,200 seeds/lb. Packet: 30 seeds.


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Q: Extjs - force panel/grid to be 100% height I have a simple grid/panel that is located under a tab.
I cant get it to be in 100% height of the parent tab.
How do you do it?
height:'100%'

and
viewConfig:{ forceFit: true }

won't work.
Thanks

A: forceFit does not have anything to do with it.
Often the problem is that your grid need to be inside a container with a "fit" layout.
But I cannot help you more without some code.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Legal document translations play an important role in the context of international attorney malpractice. In a recent case a major international law firm had a negligence claim brought against it by a property consultancy company relating to advice it gave to a client, Northern Rock, on fraudulent property transactions. The claim sought contribution to the £1.6m settlement the company paid to Northern Rock over alleged negligence by the firm on three property transactions.
The original claim was for negligent advice that failed to prevent an alleged fraud by a third party in property deals where the bank advanced a total of £6.75m for 15 flats in the London area. As a result of the alleged negligence, Northern Rock claimed a loss of £2.1m.
One of the many issues complicating this matter is the issue of international law and international business. Many of the companies involved, including the firm, are international institutions operating across borders and – as in this case – across legal jurisdictions. Whenever an attorney or firm practices across borders they become exposed to various standards in attorney ethics. To best protect oneself against a foreign malpractice case, it is essential they become familiar with the requirements of that jurisdiction. If the foreign jurisdiction operates in a foreign language, then the code of attorney conduct should have a foreign language translation done before any work is taken up.
Attorney Serving as His Client's Interpreter and Legal Malpractice: A Case Example Read It!
Lack of Translation Leads to Medical Malpractice Read It!


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Law and Order UK – Part 2
Posted by hb in 2018 Posts, TV, UK Politics
A Very English Scandal – what was it about and does it matter?
I'd like to argue that it wasn't about sex. Those who argue that Jeremy Thorpe was a victim of the pre-1967 laws against homosexual acts are missing the point. His homosexuality was, by all accounts, an open secret in his constituency and, as the drama showed, known to the police.
Part of the scandal was that the police simply ignored a formal complaint and deliberately "lost" it at a time when they were presumably happy to prosecute lesser mortals on the basis of similar information.
The scandal wasn't about sex – it was about power and, above all, the very English expression of power that is the class system.
That's why people were fascinated. Thorpe wasn't in the same category as Oscar Wilde – he was in the same category as the Cambridge spies.
This is another of those stories that refuses to go away – the one about how a bunch of public schoolboys became closet communists and got top jobs in the British Secret Service. They got those jobs by belonging to the right sort of families, going to the right school and the right university. They avoided suspicion for the same reason and even when found out might, as in the case of Anthony Blunt, manage to get things dealt with "in-house".
The most telling fact to emerge about Jeremy Thorpe was from the son of George Carman QC, Thorpe's barrister, who reported (The Times, 3rd June 2018) that when they were at Oxford, Carman senior wrote Thorpe's law essays for him.
The most telling line in the drama was from Norman Scott when he said the "Jeremy Thorpe went to Eton – I went to a secondary modern in Bexhill".
Thorpe's fall from grace wasn't about sex, it was about being exposed as a public schoolboy with a sense of entitlement – a sense of entitlement that led him to abuse unequal relationships for his own gratification, to plan the murder of a member of the lower orders ("no worse than shooting a sick dog") and to do so in the expectation that the Establishment would allow him to get away with it. He was almost right.


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Rules, Silly Rules, and How Judges Sometimes Avoid Justice
All lawyers must deal with rules, whether practicing mostly in Atlanta and Georgia like our firm, or in any other part of the country. Most rules are made by the legislature, but sometimes, judges themselves get to make rules. These judge-made rules control the procedure or process of how a particular case works through the court system. Today, the United States Supreme Court refused to take a case that shows that sometimes these judge-made rules can allow judges to avoid justice. The discussion of the case noting the refusal to hear the matter is found here.
The case involves a man named Patrick Henry Joseph (you'd think the courts would be reluctant to be unfair with someone with such a grand history behind his first two names). Mr. Joseph was convicted of several drug offenses. Using the well-known Federal Sentencing Guidelines, the trial judge imposed a lengthy sentence after deciding that Mr. Joseph was a "career offender." Joseph's very able Public Defender then appealed his case to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. So far, so good.
At the point when his Public Defender filed what we lawyers call the "Opening Brief", she was faced with certain precedent, or earlier cases, from the Eleventh Circuit, that clearly prohibited a claim that Mr. Joseph was not a career offender. In other words, the Public Defender did not argue that Mr. Joseph should have not been sentenced as a career offender.
Soon after the Public Defender filed the Opening Brief, the United States Supreme Court issued a ruling in the case of Descamps v. United States. The Descamps decision, made clear that the earlier cases in the Eleventh Circuit were "no longer good law." Within a mere five days, the Public Defender asked for permission to file a replacement brief in order to challenge whether Mr. Joseph truly was a "career offender." This request to file a replacement brief was nine days before the Government's brief came due. To its credit, the Government did not oppose the motion, and only asked for additional time to file its own brief.
The Eleventh Circuit nonetheless refused to accept Joseph's request to file a replacement brief. That Court has a judge-made rule providing that issues not raised in an opening appellate brief are forfeited, and so may not be raised in subsequent filings. Most of the time, such a rule makes sense. However, among all 12 federal appellate courts, only the Eleventh Circuit applies the rule in a mandatory fashion to completely prevent a person from litigating an issue not raised in the Opening Brief. Every other federal appellate circuit accepts supplemental or substitute briefs as a matter of course when the Supreme Court issues a decision that upsets precedent relevant to a pending case and thereby provides an appellant with a new theory or claim.
Mr. Joseph's legal team asked the Supreme Court to take his case in order to decide whether the Eleventh Circuit's lone wolf position could withstand scrutiny. Earlier today the Supreme Court refused to accept Mr. Joseph's case for review. However, in a very meaningful statement, Justices Kagan, Ginsburg and Breyer wrote at length about the Eleventh Circuit's odd position. The Justices noted that there is a good reason every other court would have allowed Mr. Joseph's argument. "When a new claim is based on an intervening Supreme Court decision-as Joseph's is on Descamps-the failure to raise the claim in an opening brief reflects not a lack of diligence, but merely a want of clairvoyance."
Although the Supreme Court refused to accept the case, Justice Kagan's statement sent a very firm warning to the Eleventh Circuit. "We do not often review the circuit courts' procedural rules. And we usually allow the courts of appeals to clean up intra-circuit divisions on their own, in part because their doing so may eliminate any conflict with other courts of appeals. For those combined reasons, I favor deferring, for now, to the Eleventh Circuit, in the hope that it will reconsider whether its current practice amounts to a 'reasoned exercise[ ]' of its authority. "
Rules can make sense. Slavish adherence to rules can be downright silly. Some rules are used to avoid justice. We only hope that the Eleventh Circuit has the wisdom to recognize those times when the job of bringing justice to litigants sometimes requires an exception to the rules.
Posted in: Appeals


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1835 South La Cienega Blvd Suite 240 Los Angeles, CA 90035 USA
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About IYILA
Since 1984, the B.K.S. Iyengar Yoga Institute of Los Angeles has served the Southern California yoga community, offering the very best instruction in this transformative path of yoga. The B.K.S. Iyengar Yoga Association of Los Angeles is a registered 501(c)(3) not-for-profit corporation.
Iyengar Yoga came to California in the mid-1970s. The Southern California Iyengar Yoga Association was founded in 1977 to promote the teachings of BKS Iyengar. Teachers from around the world, traveled here monthly and taught a group of dedicated students at locations throughout Los Angles. The Center for Yoga on Larchmont became a de facto Iyengar studio in the late 70's where classes were offered daily. In 1982, the director of the Center for Yoga shifted towards other styles of yoga and it became clear to Iyengar students that they needed a space to call their own. The Association leadership became focused on opening an Institute in Los Angeles.
BKS Iyengar visited our city in 1984 and miraculously, a storefront at 8233 West 3rd street became available during his stay. With the blessings of Guruji, the BKS Iyengar Yoga Center of Los Angeles was born. Over a period of several years, with a lot of hard work and Guruji's blessings, the Institute, with outstanding teachers and a strong student base, began to thrive.
By 2007, West 3rd Street had become high rent district and parking was an ongoing challenge. When our lease ended in 2008, we moved to 1835 S. La Cienega Boulevard where excellence in yoga happened every day. Not unlike a university, it was place of higher learning. We taught daily classes to all levels. We mentored aspiring teachers, offering philosophical studies and therapy courses that addressed difficult physical conditions, all firmly rooted in the teachings of B.K.S. Iyengar.
Then came a pandemic. In July 2020, with many uncertainties facing the Institute, including lease obligations amid mandated business closures and restrictions, IYILA made a transition.
We are still here. La Cienega has closed, but IYILA has not closed and we are teaching, teaching, teaching! For now, it's online and at some point it will be in-person again. Take a look at our amazing line-up, our new look and get involved!
Many questions lie ahead. We want the Institute to become a better version of who we have been. We want a space that reflects the diversity of Los Angeles where we live. We want a space where we are all seen and valued and welcomed. We have much to learn and we have much to do.
institute@iyila.org
Photos by: Kelly Fogel
Archival photos courtesy of IYNAUS
© 2023. Iyengar Yoga Institute of Los Angeles


Called "The District," Washington DC is an exciting town fueled by politics and tourism. The pulsating city center revolves around the Capitol and then spreads out into a variety of distinctive neighborhoods including Adams-Morgan (bohemian and international), Downtown (monuments and business), Dupont Circle (upscale business and residential), Shaw (historically elite residential areas and ghettos) and Georgetown (pristine historic houses, a university and trendy bars). Capitol Hill and the National Mall are where you'll find the movers and shakers in the political world. Presidential monuments and most branches of the world-famous Smithsonian Institution are located here. For history-lovers and culture fans, Washington DC is filled with world-class museums (the Smithsonian alone includes 15 distinct museums with vast collections of art and artifacts, including the Air and Space Museum and the Museum of American History). Kid-pleasing attractions, art venues, neighborhood boutiques, family friendly lodging, fantastic family-oriented restaurants and so much more await you in our Nation's Capital.
The history of Washington, D.C. is tied intrinsically to its role as the capital of the United States. The site along the Potomac River was chosen for the capital city by George Washington, and approved by the United States Congress in the 1790 Residence Act.
Slavery was abolished throughout the District on April 16, 1862, though the city remained segregated until the 1950s. The Washington Metro opened in 1976, and gentrification in the late 1990s and 2000s allowed many neighborhoods to revitalize. Because it is not a state, the District of Columbia still lacks voting rights in Congress.
Originally inhabited by the Ohlone Indians, Carmel was founded by attorney James Devendorf in the late 1800s and after the San Francisco earthquake in 1906 became a mecca for famous artists and writers like Ansel Adams, Upton Sinclair and Jack London. One of the main Carmel attractions is the San Carlos Borromeo del Rio Caremelo Mission – known as simply the Carmel Mission – built in 1771 by Spanish missionaries and became the headquarters for the 21 missions built in Alta California. Considered one of the most beautiful of the Spanish colonial missions, its bell tower was featured in the climatic scene in Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo.Washington DC was originally a small piece of Maryland, surrounded by the Potomac River with Virginia across the river. Today, the entire city covers 65 square miles. Most tourist sites and family lodging are located around the Capitol, along the Mall and in the Northwest quadrant. Flying in and out of the District is serviced by three major airports: Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA), Baltimore-Washington International Airport (BWI) and Washington Dulles International Airport (IAD). Amtrak trains will take you to DC as well as Greyhound and Trailways.
There is no shortage of cabs or buses in the city, Diamond Yellow and Capitol Cab being the two major cab companies, but visitors be aware, the traffic is stifling and it is often faster to take the Metrorail.
Unless your family has a few weeks to explore Washington DC, you should start with the highlights and work your way down. Plan ahead and consider transportation to and from each stop to maximize your touring time. Touring the White House is a great place to start but you must have a group of 10 or more and you need to make arrangements through your Member of Congress. If you can put this together, it is well worth your time. The Lincoln Memorial and Vietnam Veterans Memorial, in the green and expansive National Mall, must not be missed. Also showcasing DC's natural beauty are Rock Creek Park and the US Botanic Garden. Often a surprise to visitors, the U.S. Capitol building is open to the public (free tours available) and is well worth a stroll down the commanding halls. You may even want to stop in your State's representative office to say hello. Historical Georgetown with its lively ambience, wonderful shopping and gourmet dining options will fill half a day planned around lunch or dinner. The National Gallery of Art could take a few hours or all day with the old and new wing as well as the outdoor sculpture garden. The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts proudly offers a large variety of performing arts presentations throughout the year in this spectacular venue. Consider planning dinner at the Kennedy Center's Roof Terrace Restaurant before the show. Visit the hallowed grounds of Arlington National Cemetery, an erie and powerful experience you will always remember. Get a close up view of the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution and the Bill of Rights in the National Archives Building. Lastly, take time out of your busy schedule to walk through the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
To orient your family to DC and all it offers, hop aboard a narrated tour bus for a run-down on the most famous sights. Tourmobile, Old Town Trolley, and open Top Sightseeing allow you to get on and off, so you can explore sights of interest as you ride around town. DC Ducks departs from Union Station and will delight your family with a ride on the water aboard a WWII amphibious vehicle for a 90-minute narrated educational tour of Washington. If you're in town March through November and your family loves to bike ride, sign up for a Bike the Sites guided tour and cruise about the National Mall aboard a bicycle as you see the monuments and memorials up close.
A fantastic start to a family vacation in DC is a Washington Nationals baseball game. Head out to Nationals Park in Southeast Washington, south of the Capitol and along the riverfront, and watch the Nationals rival their competitors in a thrilling baseball game at a modern park with picturesque views of the riverfront, the Capitol, and the Washington Monument.
A visit to DC's National Zoo is definitely in order. Greet the famous giant panda family, follow the Asia Trail, visit the Orangutan Think Tank, and get goofy with the Great Apes.
Children and parents alike can't wait for a stop at the International Spy Museum where the history of espionage comes to life with interactive exhibits. KidSpy programs allow youngsters to crack codes, develop a disguise, go on missions, and learn about spy science!
The National Building Museum dazzles young architects with hands-on activities that include arch construction, bridge design, egg drop contests, and Family Tool Kits bring the exhibits to life.
Rock Creek Park delights families with opportunities to hike, bike, horseback ride, and skate around a beautiful natural setting in the middle of the city. If you want to head out on the water, jump into a canoe or kayak and explore the Potomac River. Boathouses along the Georgetown riverfront rent canoes and kayaks by the day or hour. Locals recommend Rose Park and Turtle Park for good old fashioned park play in the sandbox, on the swings, and underneath the "sprayground" on a hot day.
Known for its world class exhibits as well as incredible research facilities, the Smithsonian Institute operates the most extensive group of museums in the world. Try to make time to visit at least one or two of these national treasures. If visiting DC around the 4th of July, you're in for a treat. The Smithsonian Folklife Festival hosts an annual international exposition of living cultural heritage produced outdoors on the National Mall by the Smithsonian's Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage. The Festival takes place for two weeks in the summer and is an educational presentation at its best. Free to the public, like other Smithsonian museums, each Festival typically draws more than one million visitors, so plan ahead and book your family friendly lodging in advance.
DC boasts culinary fare that rivals some of the best in the world. With political alliances forged over a single dinner service, you can bet that the food is up to par. The expansive cultural community offers just about any type of cuisine you can think of in the Nation's Capital in family friendly venues. Washington DC's International Food & Wine Festival offers a series of nightly dinners paired with wine. Festival dates vary from year to year, so make sure to call ahead and purchase your tickets.
After dinner, enjoy a nighttime sight-see of the many famous Moonlight Memorials and Monuments on a scheduled tour. Known around DC as the best way to visit many of the famous memorials and monuments, different tour groups employ knowledgeable and witty guides who will paint a picture you'll be hard pressed to forget.
A Historic Inn at the Lanesboro Feed Mill. Unique lodging experience in 1885 limestone building. 9 suites with themes that depict the history of the building and Lanesboro's irresistible charm.


The village of Saint-Pardoult is a small village located west of France. The town of Saint-Pardoult is located in the department of Charente-Maritime of the french region Poitou-Charentes.	The town of Saint-Pardoult is located in the township of Saint-Jean-d'Angély part of the district of Saint-Jean-d'Angély. The area code for Saint-Pardoult is 17381 (also known as code INSEE), and the Saint-Pardoult zip code is 17400.
The altitude of the city hall of Saint-Pardoult is approximately 25 meters. The Saint-Pardoult surface is 5.60 km ². The latitude and longitude of Saint-Pardoult are 45.999 degrees North and 0.451 degrees West. Nearby cities and towns of Saint-Pardoult are : Antezant-la-Chapelle (17400) at 1.67 km, Nuaillé-sur-Boutonne (17470) at 1.99 km, Vervant (17400) at 2.45 km, Les Églises-d'Argenteuil (17400) at 3.01 km, Saint-Pierre-de-l'Île (17330) at 3.94 km, La Jarrie-Audouin (17330) at 4.25 km, Paillé (17470) at 4.60 km, Poursay-Garnaud (17400) at 4.71 km.
The population of Saint-Pardoult was 192 in 1999, 206 in 2006 and 204 in 2007. The population density of Saint-Pardoult is 36.43 inhabitants per km². The number of housing of Saint-Pardoult was 119 in 2007. These homes of Saint-Pardoult consist of 86 main residences, 22 second or occasional homes and 12 vacant homes.
Here are maps and information of the close municipalities near Saint-Pardoult.
Search hotels near Saint-Pardoult : Book your hotel now !
At right you can find the localization of Saint-Pardoult on the map of France. Below, this is the satellite map of Saint-Pardoult. A road map, and maps templates of Saint-Pardoult are available here : "road map of Saint-Pardoult". This map show Saint-Pardoult seen by the satellite of Google Map. To see the streets of Saint-Pardoult or move on another zone, use the buttons "zoom" and "map" on top of this dynamic map.
To search hotels, housings, tourist information office, administrations or other services, use the Google search integrated to the map on the following page : "map Saint-Pardoult".
This is the last weather forecast for Saint-Pardoult collected by the nearest observation station of Saint-Jean-d'Angély.
The latest weather data for Saint-Pardoult were collected Wednesday, 24 April 2019 at 09:48 from the nearest observation station of Saint-Jean-d'Angély.


As you know we at ODMafia and God's Only Inerrant Party have a lot of technical terms and we use them often.
Why you ask? Good question!
It is because we are experts. We know stuff you don't…and its best we give you our terms on….our terms.
Discernmentalist: An expert discerner who knows all, is able to read minds, re-interpret quotes, and misinterpret quotes biblically. Typically involved in the "special ops" of discernment, and has the right to mislead the public when defending the truth or orthodoxy against the unrighteous (ie almost everyone).
Stretch Technology: This technology is used by DTW. STRETCH is an an acronym that stands for Survey Truth Revise & Exaggerate Truncate Cacophony of Hagiomania. Used to "reinterpret" data and quotes and allows DTW to peer into the minds of others.
TSM: Eric Barger's Take A Stand Ministries.
BS: TSM uses the Bible-Based Satellite (BS) & Secret cloaking device for Bibles and exotic research technologies. BS is full of surprises but is said to be purely absolute and biblical…at all times.
DIRT: AM has devised (DIRT) Direct Interpretation Revelation and Translation to aid and abet discernmentalists across the world.
SoL: Invented DUMB technology which stands for Discernmentalist Utility for Mesmurizing Brains. It is a sort of stund-gun (not to be misconstrued with stun-gun) that allows a user to bend the laws of rational thinking. Used widely among discernmentalists…and this technology has been sold off to a number of ministries.
GOIP: You've heard of the GOP—God's Only Party—well we have found that to be a lie as the Republican Party are liberal apostate heretics for letting in homosexuals. We are the only True Godly political Party around that's why we are the GOIP—God's Only Inerrant Party otherwise known as The Calvinazi Party/The Theocratic Calvinist Christian Fascist Party or CCFP for short.
GOIP Eyes: our all seeing satellites.
GOIP Bots: serve several purposes for GOIP discernmentalizations.
The GRMSN: GOIP Rocketmen Spy Network– how we see what all you evil Emergents, apostates, liberals, Arminians, heretics, pagans, heathens and all around unregenerate, unsaved and non-Elect sinners are doing and know that you are the sinners and not us—God's True Elect.
Dobson Ranch/Death Star/Mighty G…od Fortress Space Station on Mars/GOIP Headquarters: where we work and live.
The Strategic Heretical Emergent Arminian & Liberal Defense Initiative or (SHEALDI): for short otherwise known as Codename ACSBLOP *(Augustine Calvin Spurgeon Black Letters of Paul)* or also known by it's better known nickname 'Heresy Wars/Absolute Truth Wars'—prevents Emergent attacks on our Absolute Truth Comments.
Sedewhitehousists:—-we believe there are True Presidents and there are False Presidents and Ronald Reagan was the Final True President as Jesus believed in the political gospel of Reaganism otherwise known as Reaganomics and elected Regan the last Political Messiah for God's Chosen and Ordained Nation that's why we belong to the FCCSORR (Fundamentalist Calvinist Christian Society Of Ronald Reagan).
Missives: apostate seeking missiles of Absolute Truth.
DPDEWW or Direct Pure Doctrines Energy Wave Weapon:- DPDEWW runs on Sound Doctrine Indicating Operative technology which is also called Laser Operating Apostate Chaser Enhanced Engine or SDIO-LOACEE for short.
Emergent Reflector Sound Doctrine Missive Impure Doctrines Deflector or ERSDMIDD:– ERSDMIDD takes Emergent and impure doctrines and beams them back at our enemies while also leaving our Sound Doctrines Pure. It also beams Sound Doctrines directly into our enemies' brains in a last attemptive effort of teaching them our ways the Absolute Truth. Another of our Missives that runs on Sound Doctrine Indicating Operative (SDIO) technology is our SDIO-Delta Star or our SDIO Missive Emegent-cy Defense System.
Der Führer:—Ron Luce Absolute Truth Warrior par excellence.
Our Final Prophet: John Calvin who is also the Holy Spirit/Paraclete/Comforter/Advocate.
Thank's 4 The Good Post I found Free Teeth Whitening is a excellent Teeth Whitening System to aquire for free. Has anbody else tried them?
Yes we Whitewash the Truth to our truth free of charge.


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Monnet Ispat's Net Loss Widens to Rs 2,860 Crores in Q2
Monnet Ispat, once one of the country's foremost steelmakers, ran a successful coal-based sponge iron plant with an annual capacity of 1.5 million tonnes in Chhattisgarh.
Updated: October 15, 2018 11:07 PM IST
By Press Trust of India Email
The net loss of Monnet Ispat widened sharply due to an exceptional item of Rs 2,772.81 crore on account of impairment of the value of its assets.
Mumbai: Monnet Ispat and Energy Ltd (MIEL) Monday reported a net loss of Rs 2,859.56 crore for the quarter ended September 2018 due to impairment of the value of its assets.
Its net loss was Rs 353.24 crore in the year-ago quarter, said MIEL, a joint venture company of AION and JSW Steel Ltd.
The company's total income, however, increased to Rs 423.03 crore in July-September quarter of 2018-19 fiscal as compared to Rs 318.39 crore in the corresponding period of the previous year.
Its net loss widened sharply because of an exceptional item of Rs 2,772.81 crore on account of impairment of the value of its assets.
This includes impairment of property plant and equipment amounting to Rs 2,440.93 crore and impairment of investments, inventories, receivables, current and non-current assets aggregating to Rs 1,558.37 crore considered not realisable. It also wrote back its certain liabilities from the book totalling Rs 1,226.49 crore.
Monnet Ispat, once one of the country's foremost steelmakers, ran a successful coal-based sponge iron plant with an annual capacity of 1.5 million tonnes in Chhattisgarh.
It ran into problems when coal mines attached to the plant were cancelled in 2014 after a Supreme Court order. Crashing steel prices on account of Chinese dumping further aggravated its crisis and resulted into bankruptcy proceedings.
Following insolvency proceedings, AION-JSW consortium accrued the company.
Published Date: October 15, 2018 10:51 PM IST
Updated Date: October 15, 2018 11:07 PM IST
AIONEnergy LtdJSW Steel LtdMonnet Ispat and Energy Ltd (MIEL)net lossSupreme Court


Sen. Jason Isaacson and Sen. Jeff Howe talk about ditch mowing.
Sen. Jason Isaacson and Sen. Jeff Howe talk about the bonding bill.
Sen. Jason Isaacson and Sen. Jeff Howe talking body grip traps on private land.
Sen. Jason Isaacson and Sen. Jeff Howe talk higher education priorities and funding.
Sen. Jason Isaacson and Sen. Jeff Howe talk about assisted living licensures.
Transportation with Sen. Jason Isaacson and Sen. Jeff Howe.
Sen. Jason Isaacson and Sen. Jeff Howe talk about state funded agriculture research.
Sen. Jason Isaacson and Sen. Jeff Howe talk about education funding.
A discussion about the possibility of a bonding bill this session.
Discussion how to fund and regulate nursing homes.
The history of school trust lands and how the legislature manages these areas.
The progress of a hands-free cell phone bill.


Oriental Place, located on highway 23, is a Chinese antique furniture store that you must visit while living in Okinawa! Yuki, the owner, goes on the buying trips herself, taking the back country roads of China, to find the best pieces to display in her store.
You'll find anything from elaborate wedding cabinets, bright hutches, beautiful porcelain, or unique gifts for friends and family. She does have a few "non-antique" pieces, too, giving the store a nice ambiance. With the floor layout changing every few days, it's easy to find new items that you may have missed the last time you were there – even if that was just yesterday!
Growing up during the Cultural Revolution, Yuki saw fine pieces of furniture and art destroyed. In my opinion, this gave her a greater appreciation for Chinese furniture that is unlike many other people. You can really feel that when you're shopping!
I found a beautiful half-table for my own home, and a wonderful buffet as well.
One of the biggest perks about shopping at Oriental Place (besides the amazing furniture) is that there is a "Take-Home-Layaway" policy. That means you pay 30% down and you have 6 months to pay off the balance… all while enjoying your new piece of furniture in your home! You can pay cash, credit, check or yen and there is not a strict payment policy; as long as you pay it off within 6 months you're good to go!
I highly recommend stopping by the store to take a look around, but beware… you will find something that you love! Also, follow the store on Facebook or visit their website for updates about new shipments and special discounts.
Directions: From Exit 4 of the Expressway, turn right onto 23. Cross three lights and OP will be on your right. Parking is minimal.


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Category: Entertaiment
in Entertaiment
— May 6, 2018
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CHICAGO (CBS) — A Cook County jury has convicted Chicago Police Officer Jason Van Dyke of second-degree murder, 16 counts of aggravated battery — one count for each time he shot Laquan McDonald — but and acquitted him of one count of official misconduct in the fatal shooting nearly four years ago.
Van Dyke showed no visible emotion as the jury announced the guilty verdicts against him.
Jurors deliberated approximately 7 ½ hours over parts of Thursday and Friday before announcing their verdict.
Judge Vincent Gaughan revoked Van Dyke's bail after the convictions were announced. Van Dyke's next hearing is scheduled for Oct. 31.
Van Dyke had been charged with two counts of first-degree murder, 16 counts of aggravated battery, and one count of official misconduct, but the defense had asked the jury to be allowed to consider a verdict on second-degree murder instead of first-degree. In order to do so, they were required to determine the prosecution proved the elements of first-degree murder, that the defense has shown Van Dyke believed he was justified in shooting McDonald, but that his belief was not a reasonable one.
Second-degree murder carries a much more lenient sentence than first-degree murder.
Van Dyke could be sentenced to as little as probation and as long as 20 years in prison for second-degree murder. Each aggravated battery conviction carries a sentence of 6 to 30 years in prison.
McDonald's mother, Tina Hunter, was not in court for the verdict. His great uncle, Rev. Marvin Hunter, who has acted as a family spokesman, was in the courtroom with other family members.
"Laquan McDonald was never going to walk home that night," she said as she began her argument. "The defendant decided that on the way to the scene. You heard what it was that he said. 'I guess we'll have to shoot him.' It wasn't the knife in Laquan's hand that made the defendant kill him that night. It was his indifference to the value of Laquan's life," Gleason told the jury.
He also said it was "unprecedented" for prosecutors to charge a police officer with first-degree murder for doing his job while responding to reports of an armed offender. He called McDonald's death a tragedy, but said it was not murder.
In tearful testimony, Van Dyke said the infamous video of him shooting McDonald 16 times "doesn't show my perspective." He insisted McDonald swung a knife toward him after he got out of his squad car, prompting him to open fire.
"He waved the knife across his lower right upwards across his shoulder toward my body," Van Dyke testified.


Iluvamir Dolmen is a Dark Anchor spawn point northwest of Vulkhel Guard in southern Auridon.
Prior to Update 9, this dolmen and its associated region were named Lluvamir.
This page was last modified on 21 July 2017, at 16:04.


text:
Whose book is it, anyway?
Even after I wrote a couple of posts about Amazon's Kindle announcements last week, something still nagged me – I sensed there was an angle I was missing – and two nights ago it finally hit me. I woke from a fretful sleep and discovered a question pinballing through my synapses: What the heck does Kuzuo Ishiguro think about this?
Or, more generally: Whose book is it, anyway?
You might have thought that question was put to rest a few hundred years ago. For quite a while after Gutenberg invented the printing press, the issue of who controlled a book's contents remained a fraught one. As is often the case, it took many years for laws, contractual arrangements, business practices, and social norms to catch up with the revolutionary new technology. But in due course the dust settled, and control over a book's contents came to rest firmly in the hands of a book's author (at least through the term of copyright). Which seems like the proper outcome. You probably wouldn't, for instance, want book retailers to be able to fiddle with the text of a new book at their whim – that would be annoying, confusing, and wrong. And even if you did want it, it wouldn't have been particularly practicable, as it would have required a retailer to invest in printing a special edition of the book or to have its employees go through every copy of the standard edition and mark it up with a Sharpie. Not only was authorial control over a text secured through laws and contracts, but it was also reinforced by the fact that printed books resisted easy emendation.
Case closed. Done deal. Everyone's happy.
At Amazon's announcement last week, one of the things CEO Jeff Bezos introduced was the company's new X-Ray feature – essentially a proprietary hypertext system for Kindle touchscreen ebooks. He demonstrated the feature by "X-Raying" Ishiguro's acclaimed 1989 novel The Remains of the Day. With X-Ray, you tap on a page of a book, and you get a list of salient terms that appear on the page – character names, historical events, places, and so forth – along with a graph (an "X-Ray") that indicates the frequency with which the terms are used throughout the book. You can then tap on a term to call up an explanatory article from Wikipedia (for glosses of facts) or Shelfari (for characters and other literary devices). To speed the hyperlinking process, Amazon does a technologically nifty trick: it bundles the relevant text from Wikipedia and Shelfari with the text of the book when it downloads the book to your Kindle. The company determines which supplementary text to include, as well as which terms to highlight, through a computerized textual analysis, which identifies what Amazon terms the "interesting phrases" in the book.
In one sense, X-Ray expands a feature that has been common in early ebook readers: the ability to call up a dictionary definition of a word. But X-Ray goes much further, both in augmenting the author's original text and in integrating the additions into the reading experience. Some may see the additions as enhancements, others as irritants, but whether good or bad they represent an editorial intrusion into the contents of a book by a third party – a retailer, in this case. As such, they exist, I think it's fair to say, in an ethical and perhaps legal gray area. That seems particularly true of novels, where the addition of descriptions of characters and other fictional elements would seem to intrude very much into the author's realm. (I have to think X-Ray will make a lot of novelists nervous.) The fact that the supplementary text is sold along with the actual text makes the intrusion all the starker.
There are some obvious practical questions stemming from X-Ray, though I don't see any evidence that Amazon or publishers have grappled with them yet:
Does the X-Ray system and its textual additions violate copyright controls or contractual arrangements?
Should Amazon be required to secure an author's permission before X-Raying the author's book? Should, in other words, X-Ray be opt-in? And if it's not opt-in, should an author (or publisher) be able to opt-out?
Should an author be able to vet (or even add to) the supplementary information included with a book?
If, eventually, product recommendations or advertisements are included in the supplementary material triggered by X-Ray, should the author share in any resulting revenues?
There are also more theoretical questions, having to do with the aesthetics of literature, the integrity of works of art and craft, and the ethics of writing and reading.
I suspect that all these questions, and other related ones, will only become more salient and more complicated in the years ahead. Should X-Ray prove to be even a modest competitive advantage to the Kindle (or to Shelfari, which is owned by Amazon), we can expect other companies that provide e-readers or e-reading applications – Apple and Barnes & Noble, for instance – to introduce their own proprietary systems for amending and augmenting the text of a book. And we can expect Amazon to continue to extend the functionality of X-Ray. The intrusions onto the author's traditional territory will only grow, and go deeper.
So whose book is it? Suddenly, that's an open question again.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on October 6, 2011 by Nick.
← Farewell The age of deep automation →
15 thoughts on "Whose book is it, anyway?"
Dan Miller October 6, 2011 at 3:50 pm
Honest question–how is X-ray any different from, say, Annotations to Finnegan's Wake or similar works? In both cases, elements are added to another author's work, and the original author isn't compensated or consulted. It's a slightly different mode of presentation, but this doesn't seem too different from other things that have come before and been found largely acceptable.
Nick Carr October 6, 2011 at 4:43 pm
That's a book about a book, which, as a separate work by another author, strikes me as an entirely different matter. (I'm certainly not opposed to exegesis or criticism.) If you were to put out, say, an annotated edition of The Remains of the Day, you'd need to get Ishiguro's permission (so long as he holds copyright).
But your question is certainly a fair one, and it underscores how assumptions about the print world may not hold in the digital world.
This seems similar in spirit at least to the artificial sportswriter (it's a little buried in that story, but worth reading); or, for that matter, the controversy over whether the police can use GPS to track your car. In all three cases, something used to take human effort, and was thus limited in practice; automating it, even if the job isn't done as well as a human would, changes the nature of the task completed so much that it's arguably a qualitative shift. Very interesting post, Nick–thanks.
Lloyd Fassett October 7, 2011 at 2:26 am
Thanks for the response to my comment in "Remains of the Book" (I ride a bike for my andomorphin / dopamine kicker actually, but the link did work a little too. I could feel it)
The feeling I get from that post and this one though is that we're coming out of an era of prohibition and I feel like you think everyone is going to go on a huge bender and we'll never have nice social conversations over beer again. Is that it?
Some day I'm sure I'll get a tablet and hope I won't lose all control.
By odd coincidence, this month's New Yorker Fiction Podcast is a Ishiguro short story. It's really good and even better the second time you listen to it.
Nick Carr October 7, 2011 at 3:50 am
Yes, I think that's part of it. Readers are free to read in any way they choose, including doing web searches on character names as they read a novel. But that's different from a third party incorporating (in effect) a particular set of searches into the book itself. To give another example: Once I buy a book, I can underline stuff, cross stuff out, and make notes all over the pages. But that doesn't mean a retailer can do such things before selling the book. (Actually, I'm making an assumption here. Maybe a retailer is free, legally, if not ethically, to write notes in a book before selling it. Does anyone know?)
More broadly, this ties back to the question of how one defines a book's edges, which I touched on earlier. With a physical book you can see and feel the edges, which makes their definition fairly easy. As soon as you digitize a book and put it onto a networked device, the edges get blurrier. But for legal and contractual reasons, you still need to be able to define the edges. And I don't think that's happened yet. If, for example, you add hyperlinks to the text of a digital book, have you modified the text of the book, or do the hyperlinks exist in a separate sphere from the underlying text? I would say that you've modified the book, but I'm sure a lawyer could argue the opposite.
No, I think it's very different – more like the way the introduction of the automobile changed personal behavior and social norms in ways that were considerably more far-reaching than the makers and drivers of cars anticipated early on.
Bottoms up,
Chris Hunt October 7, 2011 at 9:36 am
i see such functions as metadata. and as long as the original text keeps its integrity it's valid; the edges persist.
Nick Carr October 7, 2011 at 10:17 am
So you're saying (I think) that any ebook distributor should be free to distribute any kind of supplementary material with a book, and to integrate that material, through accessory apps or device functionality, with the main text of the book in any way it sees fit – without requiring any sort of authorial review or permission.
I have to say that, as a writer (and as a reader, for that matter), that makes me really uncomfortable. Though I also have to say that, so far, the drift of things seems to be in your direction.
Chris Hunt October 7, 2011 at 11:13 am
yes, on such devices authors cease being in the book writing business and move into the software business.
I am not 100% sure of the legality, but I know that efforts like RiffTrax are legal and ethical, and something like this might fall under the same exception. I'm largely OK with the process, as long as it's not presented as the author's original work.
Klaus Baumgartner October 10, 2011 at 1:55 am
Wikipedia beat Encarta. And I have my bet on that "augmented" information will beat books as we know them.
I think we're heading towards a world where the edges you mentioned have to be established artificially. And I am not talking about DRM or laws.
I welcome a world with truly accessible information. One very important aspect for me is that I can always tell the origin (or at least the fact that the origin is unknown).
In this concrete case: I welcome additional comments, as long as they are optional (opt-in) for the reader and easily distinguishable from the original author's content.
Marcy Dunagan October 11, 2011 at 6:48 pm
If you buy a physical book that has been marked up and scribbled in, you are buying a used book. If you change text into hypertext, you are modifying the text. Some kind of doublethink is going on when the supposed superiority of hypertext to plain ol' text is proclaimed and then denied in the attempt to draw readers into a particular, branded way of "experiencing" a book. Perhaps Captain X-Ray wants to be the "man behind the curtain"?
To make a less sinister comparison, this reminds me of the common scene where two people are competing to tell a story and one continues to interrupt the other.
Y: And then, the giant elephant bought a dune buggy…
X: …and drove it off the White Cliffs of Dover!
Y: Do you want to tell the story?
X: No, no, you tell it.
Y: OK, where was I? Oh yes, the elephant in the dune buggy plunged into the English Channel…
X: Historically symbolic as the site of threatened invasions, not to mention numerous attempts to swim across it…
Y: Are you sure you don't want to tell it?
X: No, no! You tell it so well! You're the storyteller! Go ahead.
My point, of course, is that there is a legitimate question of "Who's telling this story, anyway?" I'm not against new ways of telling a story, like audiobooks or ebooks, some of whose purchasers would not buy the traditional book for various reasons. They help authors sell more books, in other words. Still, I imagine authors of mystery/suspense/thriller novels, and of works that have a surprise ending, or a surprise middle, or any kind of twist anywhere in the book, cannot be terribly pleased at this development, though they may feel financial pressure to go along with it.
Aristotle Pagaltzis October 18, 2011 at 2:01 am
Marcy:
Why would someone who chooses to read a mystery/suspense/thriller novel reflexively click a button that robs them of the very enjoyment for which they bought the book in the first place, just because the button is there?
Do you compulsively fast-forward to the end of every detective film you rent before you start watching, just because you can?
You speak of links the entire time, Nick.
I did not see a single link in the demo.
I did see a separate pop-over/sheet where the "interesting terms" were listed and the supplemental information shown.
By what I can see of the presentation, there is no doubt at any point in time about whether the information you are looking at is part of the book, i.e. something that came from the author, or additional supplementary material.
This is not at all like someone adding text to a book. This is more like someone selling a set that includes the book and at no extra charge a few sheets of glossary and the Cliff's Notes.
In whatsoever form would you argue is copyright touched upon if a bricks-and-mortar retailer sells such a bundle?
Nick Carr October 22, 2011 at 12:44 pm
Aristotle,
From what I've seen, it's a hypertext system that's tightly integrated with the book. You tap on a page, which brings up a set of menu links, including an x-ray link at the bottom the page. You click on the x-ray link, and you get an overlay of topic links (or "interesting phrases," in Amazon's terms) that appear as part of the page and that are generated via a computerized analysis of the text. You click on a link, and you get a snippet of explanatory text, drawn from a source like Wikipedia, which is again displayed as an overlay on the book page, which includes snippets of the book text, and which has been included as part of the book when you downloaded it from the Amazon store. So there are indeed a lot of links here, and they are much more integrated into the book text (and the reading experience) than a separately bound and printed supplement.
Now it may be that the x-ray system will come to be seen, legally and culturally, as a contemporary version of a "bundle" of discrete products. But to pretend that there's no difference between the X-Ray hypertext overlay and a couple of books sold together is silly. There is a difference, and it's a pretty stark one. The X-Ray system is very much about adding text to a book.
And, as I pointed out, X-Ray is just an early manifestation of what seems likely to be an ongoing trend of device makers adding additional "enhancements" to a book in order to gain a competitive advantage. So if you say, "X-Ray's dandy," you will soon be greeted by more intrusive apps.
Keenan Parsons November 6, 2011 at 10:30 pm
I am writing a research paper on this (and how copyright law has shaped digital publishing – and the other way around) for my Advance Intellectual Property class in law school.
I believe that Amazon is infringing on the author's (or publisher's) copyright by integrating this feature with the original work, i.e., Amazon is creating an unauthorized derivative work (although it might not even be a derivative work since the "annotations" are culled from the public domain).
I've tried finding Amazon's standard contract for publishing ebooks but have been unsuccessful so far. I did, however, find their direct publishing contract and there is no mention of the X-Ray feature.
Btw, after reading The Shallows I quit reading assigned cases of my computer screen. Without the distractions (which included hyperlinks within the opinions), my retention really did improve. Thanks.
Books that are never done being written
The price of free


text:
/**
 * @file zero_order_thrust_ekf.cpp
 *
 * @author Mathieu Bresciani 	<brescianimathieu@gmail.com>
 */

#include "zero_order_hover_thrust_ekf.hpp"

using matrix::sign;

void ZeroOrderHoverThrustEkf::predict(const float dt)
{
	// State is constant
	// Predict state covariance only
	_state_var += _process_var * dt * dt;
	_dt = dt;
}

void ZeroOrderHoverThrustEkf::fuseAccZ(const float acc_z, const float thrust, status &status_return)
{
	const float H = computeH(thrust);
	const float innov_var = computeInnovVar(H);
	const float innov = computeInnov(acc_z, thrust);
	const float K = computeKalmanGain(H, innov_var);
	const float innov_test_ratio = computeInnovTestRatio(innov, innov_var);

	float residual = innov;

	if (isTestRatioPassing(innov_test_ratio)) {
		updateState(K, innov);
		updateStateCovariance(K, H);
		residual = computeInnov(acc_z, thrust); // residual != innovation since the hover thrust changed

	} else if (isLargeOffsetDetected()) {
		// Rejecting all the measurements for some time,
		// it means that the hover thrust suddenly changed or that the EKF
		// is diverging. To recover, we bump the state variance
		bumpStateVariance();
	}

	const float signed_innov_test_ratio = sign(innov) * innov_test_ratio;
	updateLpf(residual, signed_innov_test_ratio);
	updateMeasurementNoise(residual, H);

	status_return = packStatus(innov, innov_var, innov_test_ratio);
}

inline float ZeroOrderHoverThrustEkf::computeH(const float thrust) const
{
	return -CONSTANTS_ONE_G * thrust / (_hover_thr * _hover_thr);
}

inline float ZeroOrderHoverThrustEkf::computeInnovVar(const float H) const
{
	const float R = _acc_var;
	const float P = _state_var;
	return math::max(H * P * H + R, R);
}

float ZeroOrderHoverThrustEkf::computeInnov(const float acc_z, const float thrust) const
{
	const float predicted_acc_z = computePredictedAccZ(thrust);
	return acc_z - predicted_acc_z;
}

float ZeroOrderHoverThrustEkf::computePredictedAccZ(const float thrust) const
{
	return CONSTANTS_ONE_G * thrust / _hover_thr - CONSTANTS_ONE_G;
}

inline float ZeroOrderHoverThrustEkf::computeKalmanGain(const float H, const float innov_var) const
{
	return _state_var * H / innov_var;
}

inline float ZeroOrderHoverThrustEkf::computeInnovTestRatio(const float innov, const float innov_var) const
{
	return innov * innov / (_gate_size * _gate_size * innov_var);
}

inline bool ZeroOrderHoverThrustEkf::isTestRatioPassing(const float innov_test_ratio) const
{
	return innov_test_ratio < 1.f;
}

inline void ZeroOrderHoverThrustEkf::updateState(const float K, const float innov)
{
	_hover_thr = math::constrain(_hover_thr + K * innov, 0.1f, 0.9f);
}

inline void ZeroOrderHoverThrustEkf::updateStateCovariance(const float K, const float H)
{
	_state_var = math::constrain((1.f - K * H) * _state_var, 1e-10f, 1.f);
}

inline bool ZeroOrderHoverThrustEkf::isLargeOffsetDetected() const
{
	return fabsf(_signed_innov_test_ratio_lpf) > 0.2f;
}

inline void ZeroOrderHoverThrustEkf::bumpStateVariance()
{
	_state_var += 1e3f * _process_var * _dt * _dt;
}

inline void ZeroOrderHoverThrustEkf::updateLpf(const float residual, const float signed_innov_test_ratio)
{
	const float alpha = _dt / (_lpf_time_constant + _dt);
	_residual_lpf = (1.f - alpha) * _residual_lpf + alpha * residual;
	_signed_innov_test_ratio_lpf = (1.f - alpha) * _signed_innov_test_ratio_lpf + alpha * math::constrain(
					       signed_innov_test_ratio, -1.f, 1.f);
}

inline void ZeroOrderHoverThrustEkf::updateMeasurementNoise(const float residual, const float H)
{
	const float alpha = _dt / (_noise_learning_time_constant + _dt);
	const float res_no_bias = residual - _residual_lpf;
	const float P = _state_var;
	_acc_var = math::constrain((1.f - alpha) * _acc_var  + alpha * (res_no_bias * res_no_bias + H * P * H), 1.f, 400.f);
}

inline ZeroOrderHoverThrustEkf::status ZeroOrderHoverThrustEkf::packStatus(const float innov, const float innov_var,
		const float innov_test_ratio) const
{
	// Send back status for logging
	status ret{};
	ret.hover_thrust = _hover_thr;
	ret.hover_thrust_var = _state_var;
	ret.innov = innov;
	ret.innov_var = innov_var;
	ret.innov_test_ratio = innov_test_ratio;
	ret.accel_noise_var = _acc_var;

	return ret;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
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