text:
Q: If my histogram shows a bell-shaped curve, can I say my data is normally distributed? I created a histogram for Respondent Age and managed to get a very nice bell-shaped curve, from which I concluded that the distribution is normal.
Then I ran the normality test in SPSS, with n = 169. The p-value (Sig.) of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is less than 0.05 and so the data have    violated the assumption of normality.
Why does the test indicate that the age distribution is not normal, but the histogram showed bell-shaped curve, which from my understanding is normal? Which result should I follow?

A: We usually know it's impossible for a variable to be exactly normally distributed...
The normal distribution has infinitely long tails extending out in either direction - it is unlikely for data to lie far out in these extremes, but for a true normal distribution it has to be physically possible. For ages, a normally distributed model will predict there is a non-zero probability of data lying 5 standard deviations above or below the mean - which would correspond to physically impossible ages, such as below 0 or above 150. (Though if you look at a population pyramid, it's not clear why you would expect age to be even approximately normally distributed in the first place.) Similarly if you had heights data, which intuitively might follow a more "normal-like" distribution, it could only be truly normal if there were some chance of heights below 0 cm or above 300 cm.
I've occasionally seen it suggested that we can evade this problem by centering the data to have mean zero. That way both positive and negative "centered ages" are possible. But although this makes both negative values physically plausible and interpretable (negative centered values correspond to actual values lying below the mean), it doesn't get around the issue that the normal model will produce physically impossible predictions with non-zero probability, once you decode the modelled "centered age" back to an "actual age".
...so why bother testing? Even if not exact, normality can still be a useful model
The important question isn't really whether the data are exactly normal - we know a priori that can't be the case, in most situations, even without running a hypothesis test - but whether the approximation is sufficiently close for your needs. See the question is normality testing essentially useless? The normal distribution is a convenient approximation for many purposes. It is seldom "correct" - but it generally doesn't have to be exactly correct to be useful. I'd expect the normal distribution to usually be a reasonable model for people's heights, but it would require a more unusual context for the normal distribution to make sense as a model of people's ages.
If you really do feel the need to perform a normality test, then Kolmogorov-Smirnov probably isn't the best option: as noted in the comments, more powerful tests are available. Shapiro-Wilk has good power against a range of possible alternatives, and has the advantage that you don't need to know the true mean and variance beforehand. But beware that in small samples, potentially quite large deviations from normality may still go undetected, while in large samples, even very small (and for practical purposes, irrelevant) deviations from normality are likely to show up as "highly significant" (low p-value).
"Bell-shaped" isn't necessarily normal
It seems you have been told to think of "bell-shaped" data - symmetric data that peaks in the middle and which has lower probability in the tails - as "normal". But the normal distribution requires a specific shape to its peak and tails. There are other distributions with a similar shape on first glance, which you may also have characterised as "bell-shaped", but which aren't normal. Unless you've got a lot of data, you're unlikely to be able to distinguish that "it looks like this off-the-shelf distribution but not like the others". And if you do have a lot of data, you'll likely find it doesn't look quite like any "off-the-shelf" distribution at all! But in that case for many purposes you'd be just as well to use the empirical CDF.

The normal distribution is the "bell shape" you are used to; the Cauchy has a sharper peak and "heavier" (i.e. containing more probability) tails; the t distribution with 5 degrees of freedom comes somewhere in between (the normal is t with infinite df and the Cauchy is t with 1 df, so that makes sense); the Laplace or double exponential distribution has pdf formed from two rescaled exponential distributions back-to-back, resulting in a sharper peak than the normal distribution; the Beta distribution is quite different - it doesn't have tails that head off to infinity for instance, instead having sharp cut-offs - but it can still have the "hump" shape in the middle. Actually by playing around with the parameters, you can also obtain a sort of "skewed hump", or even a "U" shape - the gallery on the linked Wikipedia page is quite instructive about that distribution's flexibility. Finally, the triangular distribution is another simple distribution on a finite support, often used in risk modelling.
It's likely that none of these distributions exactly describe your data, and very many other distributions with similar shapes exist, but I wanted to address the misconception that "humped in the middle and roughly symmetric means normal". Since there are physical limits on age data, if your age data is "humped" in the middle then it's still possible a distribution with finite support like the Beta or even triangular distribution may prove a better model than one with infinite tails like the normal. Note that even if your data really were normally distributed, your histogram is still unlikely to resemble the classic "bell" unless your sample size is fairly large. Even a sample from a distribution like the Laplace, whose pdf is clearly distinguishable from that of the normal due to its cusp, may produce a histogram that visually appears about as similar to a bell as a genuinely normal sample would.

R code
par(mfrow=c(3,2))
plot(dnorm, -3, 3, ylab="probability density", main="Normal(0,1)")
plot(function(x){dt(x, df=1)}, -3, 3, ylab="probability density", main="Cauchy")
plot(function(x){dt(x, df=5)}, -3, 3, ylab="probability density", main="t with 5 df")
plot(function(x){0.5*exp(-abs(x))}, -3, 3, ylab="probability density", main="Laplace(0,1)")
plot(function(x){dbeta(x, shape1=2, shape2=2)}, ylab="probability density", main="Beta(2,2)")
plot(function(x){1-0.5*abs(x)}, -1, 1, ylab="probability density", main="Triangular")

par(mfrow=c(3,2))
normalhist <- function(n) {hist(rnorm(n), main=paste("Normal sample, n =",n), xlab="x")}
laplacehist <- function(n) {hist(rexp(n)*(1 - 2*rbinom(n, 1, 0.5)), main=paste("Laplace sample, n =",n), xlab="x")}

# No random seed is set
# Re-run the code to see the variability in histograms you might expect from sample to sample
normalhist(50); laplacehist(50)
normalhist(100); laplacehist(100)
normalhist(200); laplacehist(200)

A: Age can not be from normal distribution. Think logically: you cannot have negative age, yet normal distribution allows for negative numbers.
There are many bell-shaped distributions out there. If something looks bell-shaped it doesn't mean that it has to be normal.
There is no way to know for sure anything in statistics, including from which distribution the data comes from. The shape is a clue: bell-shape is one argument for normal distribution. Also, understanding your data is very important. The variable such as age is often skewed, which would rule out normality. As mentioned the normal distribution has no bounds, but it is sometimes used for bounded variables. For instance, if the mean age is 20 years, and the standard deviation is 1, then the probability of age <17 or >23 is less than 0.3%. So, it is possible than normal distribution could be a good approximation.
You can try running a statistical test for normality such as Jarque-Bera, which takes into account skewness and kurtosis of the sample. Kurtosis can be important in some cases. It's very important in finance, because if you model the data with normal distribution, but the data is in fact from a fat-tailed distribution, you may end up underestimating the risks and prices of assets.
It would help of you reported some descriptive statistics or a histogram of your age and height data, such as mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis.


The ecological risks of plant protection products (pesticides) to ecological communities can be estimated using statistical distribution of the sensitivities of multiple species called SSD (species sensitivity distribution) to infer the concentration that will protect some percentage of species, often 95%. As currently used, SSDs are problematic because they are composed of small and non-random sample of species that do not reflect any known community. So SSDs will protect more or less than 95% of species by an unknown amount. The chief difficult for obtaining sensitivity data for more species and from sets of species that reflect specific communities is that the development of standardised tests with new species is relatively resource intensive.
I have suggested that SSDs could more accurately predict the risk of chemicals to specific communities by obtaining approximate estimates of sensitivity of a wide range of species sampled from a specific community using rapid tests. Rapid tests use field collected organisms with less replication and standardisation that is conventional in ecotoxicology. Effectively what is being suggested is trading reduced accuracy of the sensitivity of each species so as to be able to test more species from specific communities, which should result in more accurate assessments of the risks of pesticides to ecological communities. This project will determine what level of precision of estimates of species sensitivity is optimal for SSDs vs. replicate species and their representativeness of real ecological communities. This will determine how to best estimate the risk of pesticides to specific ecological communities.


text:
How to be a citizen of everywhere
Episode 19: Peter Gumbel, a British man with German Jewish roots, searches for his identity in the wake of Brexit
And we're back!
Welcome, dear defiant global citizens, to a new season of Borderline and this time, I am sticking to a (grueling) schedule. Here's how it's going to go.
☀ Sundays: Podcast + curated newsletter go out to members. (Get in on that.)
🎧 Tuesdays: Podcast + this newsletter go public and free.
🤝 Thursdays: Community time. Let's meet on LinkedIn Live, Slack, Clubhouse, an AMA right here on Substack… we'll mix it up and continue the conversation in (sorta) person. More info at the bottom of this newsletter.
Thanks for being here for it. As always, your feedback and recommendations help make Borderline better so just hit reply on this email and tell me what you think. You can also interact with me on Twitter or LinkedIn. And don't forget the greatest gift of all…
👇 Scroll on to read the best excerpts from this week's episode or listen in full.👇
This week on Borderline
Ernst and Carla Frank were classic German upper class. Their thriving textile factory afforded them a comfortable bourgeois lifestyle in the town centre and provided stable employment to many. They were trusted philanthropists and fixtures of the Protestant church they had converted to years ago. Ernst and Carla were German, they'd tell you. They were Jewish, the state retorted.
Peter Gumbel, their grandson, is an Englishman. When all four of his grandparents narrowly escaped the Third Reich and found refuge in Great Britain, they cast off their German Jewish heritage to become a quintessential British family. Cricket, Marmite and Church of England. The madness that displaced his family couldn't happen again; Peter grew up on a peaceful and interdependent continent, one he'd made his home as a foreign correspondent. He was British but he was European too, he'd tell you. He couldn't be, a referendum decided.
The story of Peter Gumbel's family is the story of Europe. Twice in three generations, events out of their control wrecked their identities. They didn't really belong, they were told. They weren't who they thought they were. In the wake of Brexit, Gumbel reached out to Germany again in pursuit of a new passport – and a reckoning with history.
Here is an excerpted, condensed version of our conversation. For the full story, listen to the podcast (on Apple Podcasts, Spotify and other platforms) or read the transcript.
Isa: Tell me about your family and who they were.
I was born in England and until 2016, if you'd asked me who I am, I would have said I'm British. But I didn't come from 15 generations of Brits dating back to Magna Carta. I come from a family of refugees. My grandparents fled Nazi Germany and got out just in time in 1939.
They were proud to be German. Then the Nazis came along and basically said, "Hey, you're not German. You're Jewish." So suddenly their identity was very challenged. My grandfather was arrested on Kristallnacht and amazingly managed to get out of jail after 10 days. They fled to England where they arrived as stateless refugees because the Nazis stripped them of their German citizenship. Then as soon as the war ended, they became naturalized British citizens.
They absolutely loved Britain and they were eternally grateful to Britain for being the country of their salvation. So I grew up in a household that completely adopted and assimilated into British life. We only spoke English at home. My friends look at me as being this sort of quintessentially English person.
How did Brexit change that?
I feel my identity is very much partly British because I grew up there, but also very European because I grew up in a household that was very interested in the rest of the world. I've lived in Denmark, in Belgium, in Germany and now in France since 2002. With Brexit I had to choose, or I felt I had to choose, and that put me in a really uncomfortable position. I felt almost like I was being orphaned. I couldn't be both.
So that's when I took the decision to find another passport, a European nationality. Because my grandparents and my parents were stripped of their German nationality, under the post-war German constitution I was eligible to have a German passport. It set me on a real journey to think about who my parents and my grandparents were, where they came from, how that affects me.
I have my British identity from a national point of view, but I also have my German heritage and my European convictions. In that sense, my own self perception is of something bigger than just one country. I'm not just British. I'm more than that.
You could have asked for French papers and you would have got them. Why then go for a German passport rather than papers from the country you live in?
The key point for me was this was a time to come to terms with my German Jewish heritage. My grandparents and parents completely cast off both their Germanness and any vestiges of Jewishness. And they cast it off to the point where it was something that we never talked about when we were growing up in Britain.
What happened with me after the referendum was this sense of, "Now's the time to really think about Germany, 80 years after my grandparents fled." The conclusion I came to was that Germany has completely changed. I feel very comfortable with the idea of being a German citizen.
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So you reconnected with your German identity. What about your Jewish identity?
Interestingly enough, this was the biggest taboo of all. I think my grandparents and my parents were so terrorized by their experience during the Nazi period, and they didn't really feel themselves as being Jewish. But of course, for the Nazis, they were Jewish and so they were persecuted as a result.
If you look at the literature on second generation Holocaust survivors, there are certain aspects that keep recurring. One is a sense of shame and guilt, very much a lack of communication and a ghastly silence where there should be answers. That Jewish aspect of our family history was something that was completely taboo. It was difficult enough to talk about Germany and impossible to talk about being Jewish.
There were no vestiges of even the Jewish culture and tradition in my upbringing. However, I do have a brother who has married a Jewish woman and is bringing up their child in the Jewish faith. He feels Jewish and I don't, and we're brothers. Everybody has a different reaction to their own family history when you've been in a family which has been through such turbulent times.
As you've reconciled with your German identity, your British identity got a bit more complicated. How do you relate to Britain today?
I personally feel aggrieved by Brexit in a way that quite surprises me. The way that immigration and xenophobia were front and center during the campaign is something that I found extremely worrying and concerning.
If you wanted to crystallize it, the one thing that really, really annoyed me more than anything else was the famous Theresa May speech at the Conservative party congress in 2016, when she comes out and says, "If you're a citizen of the world, you're a citizen of nowhere." There is a very nasty echo. If you go back to the 1930s, the "Wandering Jew" not settling anywhere and being a troublemaker and not belonging... It was an absolute staple of Nazi propaganda.
As the grandchild and child of people who had been stateless refugees from the Nazis, I couldn't help hearing that very nasty attack being repeated – in a less virulent form, but nonetheless the same intention to say that you don't belong. And that still makes my blood boil. I can understand that people feel aggrieved, but I can't understand that you castigate everybody who doesn't think the way you do as being a citizen of nowhere.
The madness that drove your family out of Germany all those years ago, is that something that you can envision repeating itself in Europe, in Britain?
What has been really frightening has been to see how quickly institutions that we thought of as being fundamentally democratic and open have been overturned or have been altered. We're not seeing Weimar Britain. But the tendencies are there – this very extreme populism, the rabble-rousing against immigrants, the disrespect of democratic institutions and traditions, and the closing of doors, all of that makes me frightened.
So what I say in the book is, "my children, you need to carry the flame of freedom, of openness, of liberal democracy." It's incredibly important. Don't take it for granted because what we've seen in the last three or four years on both sides of the Atlantic are the same sort of terrible tendencies that ultimately led to the fate of my family in Nazi Germany.
Enjoyed the podcast? Please rate and review it in your podcast app.
📚 Citizens of Everywhere: Searching for Identity in the Age of Brexit, by Peter Gumbel. Haus Publishing, London, 2020.
👀 Read a full transcript of the episode and timed shownotes on borderlinepod.com.
We're going live (here)!
I'll now convene live events every Thursday, usually on LinkedIn Live, to expand the conversation and get to hear from you.
For this first session, I want to talk about the people largely ignored when governments decide to close borders or restrict travel – multinational families. We'll look at lessons from Australia's strict closure and the questions we should ask about the UK's new hotel quarantine system.
Are you an expat cut off from family abroad? Is your partner across the border and your relationship on hold? Were you barred from attempting even emergency travel?
Hit reply or leave a comment to share your story and join the live on LinkedIn or on Youtube, Thursday Feb 18 at 5pm GMT (9 am PT, noon ET). See you then!
Borderline is 100% independent
… and thus 100% funded by you. If you're finding value in this work, consider becoming a member. Just upgrade to a paid newsletter subscription by clicking here:
Members can listen to new podcast episodes before everyone else, receive exclusive content and access, and help make Borderline a reality for all. I couldn't be more grateful. Welcome this week to new members Dmitry Shishkin, Whitney Juckno, Jacqui Lough, Gianluca Marcellino and Jaime Pham.
📬 Read, listen, subscribe & support on Substack | 🍎 Listen on Apple Podcasts |
🎧 Listen on Spotify | 📺 Watch on YouTube | 🌍 borderlinepod.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Using InnerHTML on 144 different cells I am creating a tile based game using tables. In each td cell,

<input id ="attap" type="submit" value="Show Div" onclick="showDiv(); if(submitted)this.disabled = true" />

 <input type="submit" name="answer" value="Show Div" onclick="showDiv3(); if(submitted)this.disabled = true" />

 <input type="submit" name="answer" value="Show Div" onclick="showDiv4(); if(submitted)this.disabled = true"" />

<input type="submit" name="answer"   value="Show Div" onclick="showDiv5(); if(submitted)this.disabled = true"" />

Javascipt:
    function showDiv() {
document.getElementById('welcomeDiv').style.display = "block";
document.getElementById('image').style.display = "block";
submitted = true;
populationred +=20;
 document.getElementById('population').innerHTML = populationred;
}
function showDiv3() {
document.getElementById('welcomeDiv3').style.display = "block";
document.getElementById("image").innerHTML = "''"
submitted = true;
 populationred +=50;
 document.getElementById('population').innerHTML = populationred;
 }
 function showDiv4() {
 document.getElementById('welcomeDiv4').style.display = "block";
 document.getElementById('image').innerHTML = "''"
  submitted = true;
    populationred +=100;
  document.getElementById('population').innerHTML = populationred;
  }

 function showDiv5() {
 document.getElementById('image').innerHTML = "''"
submitted = true;
populationred +=200;
 document.getElementById('population').innerHTML = populationred;
}

I need to repeat this for 144 cells. However, the problem is that when 1 button is clicked, the image will show up only at the first cell, hence the tedious way of solving this issue is to rename all the divs differently for every cell. Is there any more efficient ways?
You can refer here: www2.hci.edu.sg/t0104448b/cells.html for a "fiddle".

A: Shilly's comment had the right idea. I'm not entirely sure what your goal is but this is what I did, that looks reasonably what you're after. It should get you started.
There's only one click handler, on the
 itself. It's effectively delegating the click. This saves memory because you're not creating a copy/closure for every cell. It costs some performance due to the delegating nature but for click handlers, it's generally okay. For mouseover handlers, that's another subject.
Using a <template> tag effectively gives you a DocumentFragment to work with and markup as HTML, instead of doing it in JavaScript (which can be tedious).
We clone that document fragment 144 times, injecting the proper description ('ShopHouse', 'HDB Flat', 'Condo', etc.) into each stamp of the template. Each clone is appended to a document fragment. Once our document fragment is done being modified, we inject it into the DOM via board.appendChild(frag);.

var board = document.getElementById('board');
var cellTmpl = document.getElementById('template-cell');
var cellTmplContent = cellTmpl.content;
var frag = document.createDocumentFragment(); // for performance

var submitted = false; // not sure what you intend to use this for

var descriptions = [ 'ShopHouse', 'HDB Flat', 'Condo' ]; // ... etc.

var cells = [];
for (var r = 0; r < 12; r++) {
  var row = [];
  cells.push(row);
  var tr = document.createElement('tr');
  frag.appendChild(tr);
  for (var c = 0; c < 12; c++) {
    var clone = document.importNode(cellTmplContent, true);
    var index = r * 12 + c;
    var description = index < descriptions.length ? descriptions[index] : 'Unknown place';
    clone.querySelector('p.description').innerText = description;
    tr.appendChild(clone);
    row.push(clone);
  }
}

board.appendChild(frag);
board.addEventListener('click', function(e) {
  var button = e.target;
  var td = button.parentElement;
  var img = td.querySelector('img');
  var p = td.querySelector('p.description');

  button.disabled = true;
  img.style.display = 'block';
  p.style.display = 'block';

  submitted = true;
});

// could do something with `cells` variable if you like. It's a two dimensional array of  elements
td {
  background: #ccc;
  border: 1px solid #000;
}
td > img {
  display: none;
  zoom: 0.2;
}
p.description {
  display: none;
}

<template id="template-cell">

    <button>Show</button>

</template>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


There is a new record at over 500,000 students set by Chinese students that study abroad. In other words, Asian students play a major role in international student enrollment numbers according to Wikipedia. These figures indicate the importance of reasearching this educational market to implement the best marketing strategies.
Exhibiton marketing can be expensive and not as effective as before.
The English Agency provides your school its own local websites as well as content marketing. It's simple to raise local awareness with the help of our local editor team and the EA network.
Agents are on the same platform as you are. You can easily have access to the Agent's network database and host any type of Agent-based events.
Exhibition marketin is expensive and inefficient; Most importantly, there is no accurate indicator of the success associated with your investment. EA offers you access to a network where you benefit from clear information and school visibility in relation to agents and students.
Marketing and sales are indepedent from each other. I learned this lesson when I worked for a US international company where they franchised their sales team but controlled their international marketing team. Hence, when learning about EA services, I made the bold decision to build Howdy English's online presence in Taiwan and the result suprised me. There was a 46 students' increase compared to the previous year.
Sign up to get more student now!


text:
King of the Ants
By Katherine Ryder
Last Thursday, E. O. Wilson and Bert Hölldobler, the Pulitzer Prize-winning authors of "The Ants," discussed their new book, "The Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance, and Strangeness of Insect Societies," at the 92nd Street Y, to a sold-out audience that clearly knew the scientists' work well. When Wilson, the star of the show, answered a question with his most famous quote, "Karl Marx was right, it is just that he had the wrong species," everyone laughed.
Fact No. 1: The weight of the five million billion ants and the six billion humans in the world is roughly the same.
More facts followed, as Wilson and Hollbolder explained how ants organize themselves into one of the most efficient colonies on earth. The short answer is they do not behave like humans; rather, they are like robots, carrying out the tasks they were programmed to do, each working for the whole rather than for themselves. (It should be added that the societies are all-female, and very violent.) Although the entire tone was engagingly anthropomorphic, the inevitable comparison to humans wasn't made outright until the end: "We do not want to imitate the ants in any way whatsoever," Wilson said.
More:92nd Street YE. O. Wilson
Annals of History
The Day L.B.J. Took Charge
Lyndon Johnson and the events in Dallas.
By Robert A. Caro
A Loaded Gun
A mass shooter's tragic past.
By Patrick Radden Keefe
Annals of Crime
A Cold Case
Suddenly, a New York cop remembered a long-ago murder.
By Philip Gourevitch


text:
Lenovo Announces Next-Generation ThinkServer Systems for Small Business
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC – December 02, 2014: Lenovo (HKSE: 992) (ADR: LNVGY) today announced two new high-value rack servers adding to its recently announced next-generation Lenovo® ThinkServer® portfolio. The entry 1U ThinkServer RD350 and the storage-rich, 2U ThinkServer RD450 servers are perfect for small-to-medium-sized businesses (SMBs) and departments seeking an excellent balance of performance, storage capacity, flexibility and reliability at an attractive price point.
Affordable, Performance-Packed Servers
Highly flexible and scalable, the RD350 and RD450 ThinkServers feature redesigned and space-optimized drive trays, chassis and system boards to provide customers with additional storage density and I/O capability within standard 1U and 2U form factors. Businesses with substantial storage needs and a limited infrastructure budget will appreciate the RD450 for its 24[1] drive bays at an affordable, entry-level price point of $1,499. The RD350 supports up to 16TB of internal storage in a slim, condensed 1U form factor ideal for organizations with space limitations. Available with either 2.5- or 3.5-inch drive configuration options, both rack servers are designed to scale as a customer's businesses grows.
Additionally, both the ThinkServer RD350 and RD450 servers are equipped with up to two of the latest 12-core Intel® Xeon® E5-2600 v3 series processors and can be configured to feature up to 512GB of DDR4 memory via 16 DIMM slots, nearly tripling the memory capacity of previous-generation servers. Combined, these features help generate almost double the bandwidth and power efficiency increase over DDR3 memory, delivering critical performance enhancements for running workloads such as scale-out data analytics, virtualized business workloads and compute-intensive applications that require faster processing.
The RD350 and RD450 ThinkServer systems are equipped with standard, built-in features including ECC memory, integrated RAID, hot-swappable HDD and SSD capability, as well as hot-swappable redundant power and redundant cooling to ensure greater server availability and reliability. For added flexibility, the RD450 2.5-inch configuration also leverages Lenovo's unique ThinkServer AnyRAID adapters to provide advanced data protection and performance-enhancing features without taking up PCIe slots. Both servers are available with 80 PLUS Titanium or Platinum-rated power supplies, providing an 11 percent increase in performance efficiency over the Gold standard — more cost-effectively powering the most demanding infrastructure, collaboration and line-of-business applications.
Systems Management Tools Optimized for Mobility
With both new ThinkServer systems, clients get access to a suite of new, intuitive lifecycle tools that make management easy, including server-embedded tools for configuration and deployment, energy management and power planning. Partner packs for Microsoft and VMware — which allow clients to manage and monitor their ThinkServer environment from VMware vCenter or Microsoft System Center Operations Manager — are also available.
Convenient and Flexible Enterprise Service Offerings
Lenovo Services offer customers an enhanced level of protection required to keep their businesses up and running. Optional upgraded services are also available to help maximize uptime and productivity.
"Lenovo understands that while SMBs rely on servers as the backbone of their businesses, they also face unique infrastructure challenges such as small data centers and limited budgets," said Bob Galush, vice president, High Volume Servers and Options. "Our next-generation RD350 and RD450 ThinkServers address these critical customer concerns by providing a balance of enterprise-class performance, flexibility and leadership reliability in a low-cost package."
The ThinkServer RD350 and RD450 will be available beginning December 02, 2014 starting at $1,249 for the RD350 and $1,499 for the RD450.
Lenovo (HKSE: 992) (ADR: LNVGY) is a $39 billion global Fortune 500 company and a leader in providing innovative consumer, commercial, and enterprise technology. Our portfolio of high-quality, secure products and services covers PCs (including the legendary Think and multimode YOGA brands), workstations, servers, storage, smart TVs and a family of mobile products like smartphones (including the Motorola brand), tablets and apps. Join us on LinkedIn, follow us on Facebook or Twitter (@Lenovo) or visit us at www.lenovo.com.
[1] The ThinkServer RD450 can be configured to support up to 24 2.5-inch or 8 3.5-inch disk drives
Lenovo Takes Mobile Workstation Performance and Versatility to New Heights with the ThinkPad W550s
Lenovo Garners the 2014 Hong Kong Corporate Governance Excellence Award and Sustainability Excellence Award


text:
Turośl (niem. Turoscheln, 1938–1945 Mittenheide) – wieś w Polsce położona w województwie warmińsko-mazurskim, w powiecie piskim, w gminie Pisz.

W latach 1975–1998 miejscowość położona była w województwie suwalskim.

Zobacz też: Turośl

Przypisy

Turośl (województwo warmińsko-mazurskie)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


With a combination of technical expertise and change management, Revevol successfully migrated the entire global workforce of one of the world's largest chemical suppliers to G Suite.
Telefónica, one of the world's largest telecommunications companies headquartered in Madrid, Spain, successfully deployed Workplace by Facebook to its entire global organization thanks to Facebook partner Revevol.
Today, Workplace by Facebook serves over 2 million paid users per month. Trusted Facebook partner Revevol has helped over 10% of these 2 million Workplace's users globally to adopt the platform!
Revevol has officially received the Google Cloud Platform Partner Specialization in Application Development, a testament to the group's expertise and success in building and managing powerful business applications with GCP.
Learn how French-based agricultural cooperative Euralis managed to bolster innovation and harness international expansion with an integrated cloud solution, using G Suite as the first stage toward complete digital transformation.
Over the past ten years, Google has constantly innovated, bringing businesses new G Suite services to help them reimagine how they work. Last week, the company announced that it will be raising the price of G Suite subscriptions for the first time since its creation. Here's what's in store.
Kiloutou, a major player in equipment rentals in France, exemplifies a successful, integrated cloud transformation. Discover how G Suite and Workplace together helped consolidate communications across the organization, giving employees both a digital identity and a voice.
Curious to hear the latest G Suite feature announcements and updates this new year? Here's a rundown of some of the most recent and upcoming changes on G Suite and how they might impact your daily use and overall productivity.
From multi-cloud solutions, to machine learning technologies, to compliance and data protection, here's your list of top trends in digital transformation for the new year ahead.
G Suite holds the tools your company needs to boost productivity and improve enterprise collaboration. The key is knowing how to use these collaboration tools. Discover how Revevol's Google Week with Groupe M6 subsidiary Home Shopping Service helped transform productivity in the enterprise.


We saw one – yes, that's right – a real African Forest Elephant. We sat there with a pen and pad and sketched it over 300 times. Each version got better and better. Day and night we sat there, feverishly sketching, shirts soaked with sweat until this guy with a smooth, swirly moustache came up to us and said, 'enough'. That's when we knew we had designed a more than OK African Forest Elephant Kids Bow Tie.
The hand-sewn approach allows the African Forest Elephant Pre tied Kids Bowtie to show extraordinary detail as there is little machinery used in the crafting of this tie. Touches such as these make all the difference. Besides, at least next time when we go on a Safari, we will have covered the whole jungle. Inspired by this lovable Elephant that we saw in the flesh, this African Forest Elephant Kids Bow Tie exudes sophistication and is hand cut and sewn with a classic navy backing. Designed exclusively by The Brothers at OTAA.


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Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund Sees Assets Pass $1 Billion As Investors Embrace Hedge Fund Mutual Funds
Alexander Samuelson, Neuberger Berman, 212.476.5392, Alexander.Samuelson@nb.com
NEW YORK, March 20, 2014 – Neuberger Berman Group LLC, one of the world's leading employee-controlled investment managers, is pleased to announce that Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund (tickers: NABAX, NABCX, NABIX, NRABX) (the "Fund"), which offers investors access to top hedge fund managers at substantially lower fees and account minimums than typical hedge fund investments, has exceeded $1 billion in assets under management.
Launched on May 15, 2012, the Fund is managed by members of the Neuberger Berman Hedge Fund Solutions team, which has significant experience managing fund-of-hedge fund strategies. The team allocates Fund assets to multiple hedge fund advisers that employ distinct alternative investment strategies. The Fund is available to retail investors, does not charge performance-based management fees, offers daily liquidity, has lower investment minimums than typical hedge funds and full transparency of portfolio holdings.
The Fund delivers true hedge fund strategies with a more attractive fee structure than traditional hedge funds. As is typical for mutual funds that employ alternative strategies, the Fund may charge a higher management fee than most traditional long-only mutual funds but the Fund does not charge a performance fee at the subadviser or overall portfolio level. This fee structure gives investors the opportunity to net more of the returns achieved by the hedge fund subadvisers. Over time, this significant reduction in fee burden should compound to the benefit of clients.
Investors are gaining exposure to alternative mutual funds directly and through retirement plans. The Fund has been adopted by plan sponsors—either directly or through financial advisors. Certain large RIAs working with small to mid-sized plan sponsors have begun to add alternatives mutual funds into their defined contribution plan's investment line-up. Alternative funds can be used as a single investment option for plan participants or as a component within a target date solution.
"We're gratified by the growing investor interest in the Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund and believe alternatives strategies in a mutual fund format will increasingly be embraced by defined contribution plans as they seek to provide a full range of investment solutions to employees saving for retirement," said David Kupperman, co-manager of the Fund.
According to fund tracker Morningstar Inc., the Fund's Class A (NABAX), Class C (NABCX) and Institutional class (NABIX) shares rank in the 10th, 13th, and 9th percentiles, respectively, for the past one-year period through March 3, 2014, out of 271 funds in its multi-alternative category. From inception through March 3, 2014, the Fund's NABAX, NABCX, and NABIX class shares rank in the 28th, 36th, and 25th percentiles, respectively.
Neuberger Berman is a 75-year-old private, independent, employee-controlled investment manager. The firm manages equities, fixed income, private equity and hedge fund portfolios for institutions, advisors and individuals worldwide. With offices in 16 countries, Neuberger Berman's team is approximately 2,000 professionals and the company was named by Pensions & Investments as a 2013 Best Place to Work in Money Management. Tenured, stable and long-term in focus, the firm fosters an investment culture of fundamental research and independent thinking. It manages $242 billion in client assets as of December 31, 2013. For more information, please visit our website at www.nb.com
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An investor should consider the Fund's investment objectives, risks and fees and expenses carefully before investing. This and other important information can be found in the Fund's prospectus or summary prospectus, which you can obtain by calling 877.628.2583. Please read the prospectus or, if available, summary prospectus carefully before making an investment.
The Fund's performance will largely depend on what happens in the equity and fixed income markets. Shares of the Fund may be worth more or less upon redemption. The actual risk exposure taken by the Fund will vary over time, depending on various factors, including Neuberger Berman's methodology and decisions in allocating the Fund's assets to subadvisers, and its selection and oversight of subadvisers. The subadvisers' investment styles may not always be complementary, which could adversely affect the performance of the Fund. Some subadvisers have little experience managing registered investment companies which, unlike the hedge funds these managers have been managing, are subject to daily inflows and outflows of investor cash and are subject to certain legal and tax-related restrictions on their investments and operations.
The Fund's returns may deviate from overall market returns to a greater degree than other mutual funds that do not employ an absolute return focus. Thus, the Fund might not benefit as much as funds following other strategies during periods of strong market performance. A subadviser may use strategies intended to protect against losses (i.e., hedged strategies), but there is no guarantee that such hedged strategies will be used or, if used, that they will protect against losses, perform better than nonhedged strategies or provide consistent returns.
Event-driven strategies that invest in companies in anticipation of an event carry the risk that the event may not happen or may take considerable time to unfold, it may happen in modified or conditional form, or the market may react differently than expected to the event, in which case the Fund may experience losses. Additionally, event-driven strategies may fail if adequate information about the event is not obtained or such information is not properly analyzed. The actions of other market participants may also disrupt the events on which event-driven strategies depend. Arbitrage strategies involve the risk that underlying relationships between securities in which investment positions are taken may change in an adverse manner or in a manner not anticipated, in which case the Fund may realize losses. The Fund's use of event-driven and arbitrage strategies will cause it to invest in actual or anticipated special situations—i.e., acquisitions, spin-offs, reorganizations and liquidations, tender offers and bankruptcies. These transactions may not be completed as anticipated or may take an excessive amount of time to be completed. They may also be completed on different terms than the subadviser anticipates, resulting in a loss to the Fund. Some special situations are sufficiently uncertain that the Fund may lose its entire investment in the situation.
The value of certain securities will fluctuate based on interest rates, market conditions, credit quality and other factors. Generally, values of fixed income securities will decline as interest rates rise. When interest rates are low, issuers of certain fixed income securities will often repay the obligation underlying a "callable security" early, in which case the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds in an investment offering a lower yield and may not benefit from any increase in value that might otherwise result from declining interest rates. The Fund's performance could be affected if unexpected interest rate trends cause the Fund's mortgage- or asset-backed securities to be paid off earlier or later than expected, shortening or lengthening their duration. An increase in market interest rates would likely extend the effective duration of mortgage-backed securities, thereby magnifying the effect of the rate increase on the securities' price. Unlike mortgage-related securities issued or guaranteed by agencies of the U.S. government or government-sponsored entities, mortgage-related securities issued by private issuers do not have a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee (but may have other credit enhancement features), and may, and frequently do, have less favorable collateral, credit risk or other underwriting characteristics. These securities potentially offer higher interest rates than agency-backed mortgaged-backed securities, but require careful analysis of quality in an effort to protect against risk of non payment of principal and/or interest.
Stock markets are volatile and may decline significantly in response to adverse issuer, political, regulatory, market or economic developments. To the extent that the Fund sells stocks before they reach their market peak, it may miss out on opportunities for higher performance. Small- and mid-capitalization stocks trade less frequently and in lower volume than larger company stocks and thus may be more volatile and more vulnerable to financial and other risks. Investing in foreign securities may involve greater risks than investing in securities of U.S. issuers, such as currency fluctuations, potential social, political or economic instability, restrictions on foreign investors, less stringent regulation and less market liquidity. Securities issued in emerging market countries may be more volatile and less liquid than securities issued in foreign countries with more developed economies or markets as such governments may be less stable and more likely to impose capital controls as well as impose additional taxes and liquidity restrictions. Exchange rate exposure and currency fluctuations could erase or augment investment results. Funds may hedge currency risks when available, though the hedging instruments may not always perform as expected.
Derivatives contracts on non-U.S. currencies are subject to exchange rate movements. The risks involved in seeking capital appreciation from investments primarily in companies based outside the United States are set forth in the prospectus. Shares in a fund may fluctuate based on interest rates, market condition, credit quality and other factors. In a rising interest rate environment, the value of a fund's fixed-income investments is likely to fall.
Derivatives may involve risks different from, or greater than, those associated with more traditional investments. Investments in the over-the-counter ("OTC") market introduce counterparty risk due to the possibility that the dealer providing the derivative may fail to timely satisfy its obligations. Investments in the futures markets also introduce the risk that its futures commission merchant ("FCM") may default on its obligations including the FCM's obligation to return margin posted in connection with a fund's futures contracts. Short sales, selling a security a fund does not own in anticipation that the security's price will decline, theoretically presents unlimited risk on an individual stock basis, since a fund may be required to buy the security sold short at a time when the security has appreciated in value. Leverage may amplify changes in a fund's net asset value. ETFs are subject to tracking error and may be unable to sell poorly performing stocks that are included in their index. ETFs may trade in the secondary market at prices below the value of their underlying portfolios and may not be liquid. The use of options involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary securities transactions. A "covered call" involves selling a call option while simultaneously holding an equivalent position in the underlying security. A put option involves buying the right to sell a security at a specific price within a given time period.
Several of the strategies utilized by the Fund may engage in frequent and active trading and have a high portfolio turnover rate, which may increase the Fund's transaction costs, may adversely affect the Fund's performance or may generate a greater amount of capital gain distributions to shareholders than if the Fund had a low portfolio turnover rate.
Morningstar rankings are based on Morningstar total returns, which include both income and capital gains or losses and are not adjusted for sales charges or redemption fees ended March 3, 2014, to all funds that have the same Morningstar category. The highest percentile rank is 1 and the lowest is 100. Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund - Institutional Class, Class A and Class C were ranked in the 9th, 10th and 13th percentiles for the 1-year period ending March 3, 2014. The Morningstar multialternative category contains 271 and 144 funds as of March 3, 2014 for the 1- and 3-year periods respectively. Ratings are ©2014 Morningstar, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The information contained herein: (1) is proprietary to Morningstar and/or its content providers; (2) may not be copied or distributed; and (3) is not warranted to be accurate, complete or timely. Neither Morningstar nor its content providers are responsible for any damages or losses arising from any use of this information.
The "Neuberger Berman" name and logo are registered service marks of Neuberger Berman Group LLC. "Neuberger Berman Management LLC" and the individual Fund name in this piece
are either service marks or registered service marks of Neuberger Berman Management LLC. All rights reserved. Neuberger Berman Management LLC, distributor. Member FINRA.
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Certain products and services may not be available in all jurisdictions or to all client types. The information provided herein is not directed at any investor or category of investors and is provided solely as general information about our products and services and to otherwise provide general investment education. No information contained herein should be regarded as a suggestion to engage in or refrain from any investment-related course of action as Neuberger Berman Group LLC (and its affiliates, "Neuberger Berman") is not undertaking to provide impartial investment advice, act as an impartial adviser, or give advice in a fiduciary capacity with respect to the materials presented herein. If you are an individual retirement investor, contact your financial advisor or other non-Neuberger Berman fiduciary about whether any given investment idea, strategy, product or service described herein may be appropriate for your circumstances.
This material is being issued on a limited basis through various global subsidiaries and affiliates of Neuberger Berman Group LLC. Please visit www.nb.com/disclosure-global-communications for the specific entities and jurisdictional limitations and restrictions.
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Fiery-tempered, imaginative Anne ("with an e") of Anne of Green Gables finds what her hearts longs for -belonging in her adopted family and community. She wins the life-long friendship of Diana, whom she calls her "bosom friend". We watch Anne grow up and see her find her unique beauty, her intelligence, and her place in the world. If Anne can do it, so can I.
Mary Lennox, the main character in The Secret Garden, is drawn by a mixture of compassion and curiosity to discover the sufferer secreted away deep inside the manor house: "The door of her room was ajar and the sound came down the corridor, a far-off faint sound of fretful crying… She felt as is she must find out what it was… The corridor looked very long and dark, but she was too excited to mind that. So she went on with her dim light, almost feeling her way, her heart beating so loud that she fancied she could hear it." This young girl becomes the agent of restoration for a sick child and an entire household; not just a garden. How about us? Aren't we restorers too?
Christy Huddleston (Christy by Catherine Marshall) exhibits kindness, mixed with determined bravery as she leaves behind her citified, comfortable life to teach destitute children in the Appalachian Mountains. What a culture shock she faces, but Christy rises to the challenge and grows into a mature young woman who changes Cutter Gap. I am destined to change the world like Christy.
Hannah, my youngest child, loves Lucy Pevensie of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe because Lucy is the youngest sibling and yet sees with eyes of faith and doesn't doubt. In later adventures, Lucy sees Aslan when no one else can.
We may have missed certain books during our growing up years, or perhaps read them with only half our attention. It's not too late; we can go back and scoop them up again. If we didn't get enough faith, hope, kindness, purity, courage, and destiny in our youth, it is all still waiting for us in these tales of inspiring fictional characters. Sharing these nourishing books with our daughters and granddaughters makes them come alive again for us.
I have never read Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm by Kate Douglas Wiggin or Caddie Woodlawn by Carol Ryrie Brink. My 13-year-old friend, Emma, tells me Heidi by Johanna Spyri is a must-read also. So I have some catching up to do! Which girl heroines live in your heart? Drop me a comment and let me know.


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Highland Park Planet (http://highlandparkplanet.org/category/letters-to-the-editor/)
Highland Park Planet welcomes letters to the editor. We will endeavor to publish all letters but reserve the right to be a responsible gatekeeper and not publish content that we deem inappropriate. We will also limit the number of letters we publish on any one topic. We encourage all letters be brief, to the point, and pertain to a current issue or event. Letters should addressed "To the Editor" and sent to phersh@highlandparkplanet.org. All letters must include the author's name, his/her contact information, (phone or email belonging to the author, not to a surrogate), as well as an indication of the author's connection to Highland Park (a resident or an individual with a role in the community, such as a business owner). We do not accept editorials or op-ed columns.
Council Member Opposes Legalization of Recreational Marijuana, Supports Decriminalization
By Josh Fine | October 5, 2018
As a member of the Highland Park Borough Council, and as the father of two adolescents, I am concerned about the likely legalization of recreational marijuana in New Jersey and the possibility of marijuana being sold in Highland Park. I support the bill that State Senator Ron Rice has sponsored that would remove criminal penalties for small amounts of marijuana but would not create a system that would legalize marijuana in New Jersey. I understand that the New Jersey State Legislature is considering legalizing marijuana throughout the State with an opt-out provision for municipalities that want to ban marijuana sales. I am currently advocating passage of an ordinance that would prevent businesses in Highland Park from selling marijuana (medicinal and recreational) and marijuana paraphernalia due to the harm posed by marijuana and its active addictive ingredient, Tetrahydrocannabinol ("THC"), and the risks legalization of marijuana poses to adolescents. In an April 2016 article, You Can't Deny Marijuana Is Dangerous For Developing Minds, Dr. Diane McIntosh, a psychiatrist and clinical assistant professor at the University of British Columbia, explained that marijuana "is not benign and there's a mountain of scientific evidence, compiled over nearly 30 years, to prove it poses serious risks, particularly for developing brains." She points out that smoking marijuana produces cancer causing toxins and chronic lung disease, and may lower one's IQ, cause brain cell damage, mental illness, and motor vehicle accidents. READ MORE
Filed under: Letters to the Editor, Local News
Cimarusti, Pietrobono, Krieger praised as superb school board choices
By Pam Hersh | October 26, 2016
As a parent of two second graders in the Highland Park school district, and as a former education policy researcher, I enthusiastically endorse Darcie Cimarusti, Judy Pietrobono, and Mark Krieger for school board. Darcie Cimarusti is a tireless advocate, not just for Highland Park, but for all public schools across New Jersey. As an education policy professional, Darcie has a tremendous grasp on the big-picture issues affecting the way our children learn in public schools across the state and nation, and she is able to use that perspective and wisdom to provide thoughtful guidance and insight into the way our district functions. We are extremely fortunate to have someone as knowledgeable and committed to public education as Darcie. Judy Pietrobono has a long tradition of public service as a community librarian, while Mark Krieger also brings a wealth of experience as previous chair of the finance committee on the Highland Park Board of Education. READ MORE
Filed under: Letters to the Editor
Letters extol compassion and hard work of Diegnan and Karabinchak
Diegnan working for constituents 24/7
Dear Editor:
I am proud to show my support for my friend Patrick Diegnan in his quest to be elected New Jersey State Senator for the 18th Legislative District. Pat is a husband, father, grandfather, native son of South Plainfield and born of Irish immigrants. He has lived in our area all his life, working as a small business owner while raising his two daughters with his wife Anita and now being able to enjoy his three granddaughters. I have heard him speak passionately many times about public service. He said that if anyone has a problem they shouldn't hesitate to call his office and that he and his staff would go out of their way to help. He has always been supportive of any need I have had and helped resolve them quickly. READ MORE
Councilman praises Asw. Pinkin for her stand on anti-Israel movement
By Pam Hersh | August 25, 2016
Recently, Governor Christie signed into law a bipartisan bill that prohibits New Jersey state pension and annuity funds from being invested in companies that participate in the discriminatory Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement against Israel and Israeli businesses. Kudos to 18th District Assembly Member Nancy Pinkin for standing up against baseless anti-Israel discrimination, and being a primary sponsor of this bill in the Assembly. —
Josh Fine
Borough of Highland Park READ MORE
HP Middle School and Yeshiva basketball teams score with community event
By Josh Fine | February 24, 2016
The boys' and girls' basketball teams from the Highland Park Middle School and the Rabbi Pesach Raymon Yeshiva will play exhibition games on March 1 with the girls' teams game beginning at 6 p.m. and the boys' teams at 7:30 p.m. READ MORE
Business owner, parent, and HPHS grad endorses SOS team
By Editor | October 28, 2015
Jenni Chapman, a parent of two children in the Highland Park public schools, a graduate of Highland Park High School, and daughter of a teacher at the high school supports Rob Magaziner, Sharice Richardson, and Ruth Beyer for HP School Board READ MORE
Former board member endorses Support Our Schools slate
My name is David Copperman, resident of Highland Park since 1988 and former member of the Highland Park School Board from 2004 to 2010. I am writing to endorse the Highland Park Support Our Schools slate – Rob Magaziner, Sharice Richardson, and Ruth Beyer. They are great supporters of public education, and they recognize the remarkable diversity of our small community (and represent it to a degree themselves) and are motivated to build on it in our schools. Most importantly, I feel that they understand the nature of "school boarding" and will fill the role properly and positively. The board is responsible for open communications between the district and the community, under policies and procedures that are in place for clear guidance. READ MORE
HPHS graduate supports Magaziner/Richardson/Beyer slate
Upcoming school board election (Nov. 3) generates letters of support for candidates. READ MORE
Attorney responds to Mayor's letter about the sidewalks
By Editor | October 8, 2015
An Open Letter to the Community:
As the attorney who defeated HP in New Jersey Superior Court sidewalk litigation, I must correct the inaccuracies in the Mayor's recent open letter. HP clearly lost the suit I brought against them. The only reason the suit was eventually dismissed– with my consent– is that my clients had won an injunction and had achieved their goals: all summonses were rescinded, the ordinance was amended and the ruthless, mean spirited, unconstitutional issuance of punitive summonses ended. Many residents have thanked me for defeating a municipal government that bullied blind people, a disabled 87 year old veteran, elderly women and hundreds of others, threatening them with $2,000 fines. Typically, the "offense" penalized was living near a shade tree that ever-so-slightly raised sidewalk sections. The sidewalk replacement crusade has damaged and removed hundreds of these large shade trees. Does the Mayor think the town looks better– and is "greener" — without these trees? Further, numerous large trees whose roots were cut to accommodate sidewalk replacements fell during Sandy. If additional large trees fall during the next big storm, and land on houses or people instead of power lines, will the Mayor take responsibility? If the sidewalk replacement crusade was such an enlightened idea, why is HP the only town in NJ–and perhaps in the US–to implement an aggressive, punitive enforcement campaign like HP's? READ MORE
Resident supports NJ Sen. Barnes for condemning "BDS" movement
By Pam Hersh | July 22, 2015
To the Editor of the Highland Park Planet
Senate Joint Resolution 81 ("SJR81"), which 18th District Senator Peter Barnes introduced in the New Jersey State Legislature on June 8, 2015, rightfully condemns the international Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions ("BDS") movement and its activities as being inherently antithetical and damaging to the causes of peace, justice, equality, democracy, and human rights for all peoples in the Middle East, and for seeking to undermine the Jewish people's right to self-determination, being fulfilled in the State of Israel. SJR81 also condemns activities that contribute directly or indirectly to the denial, violation, or delegitimizing of any person's academic freedom, including, but not limited to, promotion of academic boycotts against Israel by the BDS movement. Further SJR81 provides that New Jersey opposes all forms of racism and hatred, including anti-Semitism, and opposes attempts to deny the legitimacy of Israel as a sovereign state. Senator Peter Barnes' condemnation of the BDS movement and increasing incidents of anti-Semitism should be applauded. Josh Fine
ACTIVITIES IN HIGHLAND PARK
MAIN STREET HIGHLAND PARK
BOROUGH OF HIGHLAND PARK


The Saugus Historical Society has four special events each year.
Our Strawberry Festival is held every June.
Our old-fashioned picnic and barbecue is held every July.
Every September we participate in the Town of Saugus Founders' Day celebration.
Every December we participate in the Saugus Christmas Stroll and decorate the Historical Society House.
All Saugus Historical Society events get listed in the Saugus Community Event Calendar.


text:
Q: Opening http connection : android.os.NetworkOnMainThreadException I have trouble opening an http connection in an Android app.
Here is my Android Studio code :
    try {
        String address = "http://example.com/test.php";
        URL url = new URL(address);

        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
        httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
        httpURLConnection.connect();

        //Crashes on this.
        OutputStream OS = httpURLConnection.getOutputStream();
        //////////////////////////////////////////////////////

        BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(OS, "UTF-8"));
        String data  = URLEncoder.encode("x", "UTF-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode(String.valueOf(10), "UTF-8");

        bufferedWriter.write(data);
        bufferedWriter.flush();
        bufferedWriter.close();
        OS.close();
    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

My crash:

04-24 16:48:24.848 13860-13860/com.example.benas.testingpurposes E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
                                                                                Process: com.example.benas.testingpurposes, PID: 13860
                                                                                java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{com.example.benas.testingpurposes/com.example.benas.testingpurposes.MainActivity}: android.os.NetworkOnMainThreadException
                                                                                at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2658)
                                                                                at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2723)
                                                                                at android.app.ActivityThread.access$900(ActivityThread.java:172)
                                                                                at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1422)
                                                                                at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
                                                                                at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:145)
                                                                                at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5832)
                                                                                at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
                                                                                at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372)
                                                                                at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:1399)
                                                                                at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1194)
                                                                                Caused by: android.os.NetworkOnMainThreadException
                                                                                at android.os.StrictMode$AndroidBlockGuardPolicy.onNetwork(StrictMode.java:1147)
                                                                                at java.net.InetAddress.lookupHostByName(InetAddress.java:418)
                                                                                at java.net.InetAddress.getAllByNameImpl(InetAddress.java:252)
                                                                                at java.net.InetAddress.getAllByName(InetAddress.java:215)
                                                                                at com.android.okhttp.HostResolver$1.getAllByName(HostResolver.java:29)
                                                                                at com.android.okhttp.internal.http.RouteSelector.resetNextInetSocketAddress(RouteSelector.java:232)
                                                                                at com.android.okhttp.internal.http.RouteSelector.next(RouteSelector.java:124)
                                                                                at com.android.okhttp.internal.http.HttpEngine.connect(HttpEngine.java:361)
                                                                                at com.android.okhttp.internal.http.HttpEngine.sendRequest(HttpEngine.java:289)
                                                                                at com.android.okhttp.internal.http.HttpURLConnectionImpl.execute(HttpURLConnectionImpl.java:373)
                                                                                at com.android.okhttp.internal.http.HttpURLConnectionImpl.connect(HttpURLConnectionImpl.java:106)
                                                                                at com.example.benas.testingpurposes.MainActivity.onCreate(MainActivity.java:34)
                                                                                at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:6221)
                                                                                at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1119)
                                                                                at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2611)
                                                                                at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2723)
                                                                                at android.app.ActivityThread.access$900(ActivityThread.java:172)
                                                                                at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1422)
                                                                                at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
                                                                                at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:145)
                                                                                at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5832)
                                                                                at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
                                                                                at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372)
                                                                                at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:1399)
                                                                                at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1194)

I'm stuck with it, any help would be appreciated

A: So, I managed to solution to this problem.
To fix this problem you need to run this code snippet on another thread.
You are welcome :). Once again it was really silly mistake


Free Mac video downloader is a web-based application specially designed for Mac users to download TV episodes, movies, music videos, news, sports and other online video clips from tons of video hosting sites. It covers video downloads for sites like YouTube, Dailymotion, Vimeo, Blip TV, Liveleak, Lynda, Break , Vube, Ustream, Ted and many others. Aside from its ability to download video on Mac, there are some other awesome features that are worth mentioning.
Free Mac video downloader combines the simplicity of usage, full functions and fast speed. But a good portion of people prefer the software program to the web-based tool. This is mainly because the software runs better, more stable and reliable. Fortunately, Free Video Downloader for Mac software is an effective way to download and convert videos for Mac. Being compared with the online application, the professional software excels at its accelerated downloading speed, expanded video formats, great stability and more complete functions.
The user-friendly interface makes downloading super easy, you simply get videos in one single mouse click. This video downloader for Mac provides the option to download videos in original quality, including HD and 4K videos. Users who do not want to download video one by one could perform multiple video downloads during one session.
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Facebook is the most famous social networking site. After getting a Facebook account, you can post articles, videos, pictures and communicate with your friends. In these years, Facebook launched lots of apps which let users to create groups, play games, share music, make voice calls and video calls on the site.
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Because the cotton produced by these two countries accounts for more than 40% of global cotton production, and their share of the textile trade in the international market is only 5%.
When Pakistani Textile Minister Makhdoom Shahabud Din met with the North Indian Textile Factory Association (NITMA) delegation and the All Pakistan Textile Manufacturers Association (APTMA), the two associations made the same recommendations.
Mahdum supports the elimination of trade barriers between the two sides and improves bilateral relations.


Subsequent digging, however, revealed a hardy bunch of Aberdonian surfers headed up by Sandy Mathers, who had built and ridden hollow surfboards out of marine ply off the east coast well before Cokes. They in turn had been preceded by another Aberdeen local called George Law, whose early morning shifts at a nearby abattoir left him free to surf all afternoon from 1967 onwards.
Then, in 2014, not long after Law passed away, I was contacted by 91-year-old Neva Macdonald-Haig, who, along with her brothers Peter and David, rode waves off the Mull of Kintyre in the mid-1930s using rudimentary surfboards made for them by the local undertaker. ("It makes a good story to say they were coffin lids that we rode on," she chuckled, "but they weren't really. They were rounded at the end – probably about five or six-feet long.") In one grainy image, Peter seems to be half-way to his feet – could he have been Scotland's first ever surfer?
Clearly we're still very much at the "first draft of history" stage with all this, but that just makes the stories of Scotland's surfing pioneers all the more intriguing.
It's hard to imagine from the vantage point of 2018, when every surfable wave in Scotland seems to be mobbed whenever there's a decent swell running, but for a short time in the late 1960s there were little groups of surfers dotted around the country, happily surfing away by themselves and assuming that they were the only people riding waves anywhere north of Carlisle. In these very early days, whenever one of these tribes encountered another, it was a real "Dr Livingstone I presume" moment for all concerned – a rare coming-together of like-minded souls; a meeting of followers of the same religion, if you will, in an otherwise heathen society.
Andy Bennetts and his friends Ian Wishart and Stuart Chrichton may not have been the first people to surf in Scotland when they took a surfboard from Edinburgh to Aberdeen in September 1968 – although at the time they thought they might be. However, their pioneering journey was a significant moment in Scottish surfing history all the same – perhaps one of its defining moments – as it was probably the first time that two different groups of surfers from different parts of the country became aware of each other.
That "other" board turned out to belong to George Law. Bennetts and his friends soon met up with Law and, for a week in early September they all went surfing together in the waves off Aberdeen beach. None of them had wetsuits (although Law had a neoprene vest to keep out the cold) so nobody was able to stay in the water for very long at a time. When they got too cold to surf, they would retreat to the pavilion where the caretaker who had agreed to look after their surfboards would let them huddle around his wood-burning stove to warm up.
Bennetts, Wishart and Chrichton had their first Aberdeen surf on Monday 2 September 1968, so to mark the 50th anniversary of that red letter day Final Words thought it would be a good idea to sit down with Bennetts, Wishart and their friend Bill Batten, who was a key member of the Edinburgh surf scene of the late 60s, and talk about the early days. We ended up covering so much ground in our interview that it would have been impossible to do it all justice in a single column, so Andy, Ian and Bill's stories will be appearing in instalments in this slot over the next couple of weeks – tune in next Saturday for Part One.
As outlined in last week's column, 2 September will be the 50th anniversary of Scottish surfing's big "Doctor Livingstone, I presume" moment – the day when surfers from Edinburgh first met up with surfers from Aberdeen, thereby forming the first known link between two of the nation's early, geographically isolated wave-riding tribes and laying the groundwork for what would eventually become a distinctive national surfing culture, with its own legends, its own contests and its own "we-know-it's-freezing-but-we-don't-care" attitude. To mark the occasion, Final Words caught up with three veterans of those pioneering days – Andy Bennetts, Ian Wishart and Bill Batten – and for the next couple of weeks the best bits of our (long) conversation at Shackleton's Bar in Edinburgh will be appearing here. Bennetts and Wishart were both on the much-discussed trip to Aberdeen in 1968, so they'll be the focus of this week's instalment; Batten subsequently had a Doctor Livingstone moment of his own – but we'll get to that next week.
When they caught the train from Edinburgh to Aberdeen in early September 1968, teenagers Andy Bennetts, Ian Wishart and their friend Stuart Crichton were obsessed with Americana – as many people their age would have been one year on from the Summer of Love – and, armed with a surfboard owned by Bennetts, they also suspected that they might be the only surfers anywhere in Scotland.
"The surfing thing came about because Ian and I were both interested in cars and things American generally," says Bennetts, "drag racing, the Beach Boys – all that kind of stuff. We were going to university and we had a short holiday between the end of school and the start of university and we thought, because I had bought a surfboard at that point, let's go to Aberdeen, because I used to live there and I knew there were waves up there.
Law, it turned out, had been surfing the waves off Aberdeen since 1967, his early shifts at a nearby slaughterhouse freeing him up to surf all afternoon. Bennetts and Co soon met up with him, and the four spent the next few days surfing together.
Welcome back to a comfortable corner of Shackleton's Bar in Edinburgh, where Final Words is in the middle of interviewing three pioneers of Scottish surfing: Andy Bennetts, Ian Wishart and Bill Batten. Last week, you may remember, Andy and Ian were reminiscing about their groundbreaking 1968 trip from Edinburgh to Aberdeen with their friend Stuart Crichton – a budget, pre-university adventure with one surfboard between the three of them and (of course) no wetsuits. Thinking they might be the first people ever to surf in Scotland, the trio quickly realised they weren't alone when they met up with Aberdonian surfer George Law, who had been surfing off Aberdeen Beach all by himself since 1967. It was still a momentous occasion for Scottish surfing, however, as it was almost certainly the first time that surfers from different parts of Scotland had met up and gone surfing together. Bennetts and Wishart have calculated that they first met Law on 2 September 1968, so Monday week could perhaps be said to be the 50th anniversary of the birth of Scotland's surfing community – which is why this series of articles is appearing now.
Bennetts and Wishart had decided to try surfing in Aberdeen because Bennetts had lived there for a time, so he knew there would be waves. However, once they were back in Edinburgh it didn't take them long to figure out that there were also plenty of places to surf closer to home, first in East Lothian and then further down the A1 – and before long, the surfing tribe of south-east Scotland started to attract new members.
Unsurprisingly, Batten was inspired to get a wetsuit fairly soon after this first, bone-chilling experience.
For all that Bennetts and Co pioneered many of the best-known spots in south-east Scotland, there were so few surfers in those days that once they'd found a few good ones there wasn't much incentive to keep looking. "There were only ten or 12 people total, so there wasn't the pressure to go and find somewhere else," says Bennetts.
However, as we'll discover next week, a significant surfing discovery was just around the corner.
Tomorrow, Sunday 2 September, will be the 50th anniversary of one of the key moments in Scottish surfing history – the day when three Edinburgh surfers, Andy Bennetts, Ian Wishart and Stuart Chrichton met up with Aberdonian surfer George Law on Aberdeen Beach, thereby establishing that they were not the only surfers in the country (as they'd previously assumed) and laying the groundwork for what would eventually become the distinctive Scottish surf scene we have today.
To mark the occasion, Final Words met up with Bennetts, Wishart and their friend Bill Batten, another pioneering Scottish surfer, and asked them to share some of their memories of the good old days – days when the waves were empty, the boards were long and the wetsuits were either homemade or non-existent. Last week and the week before we dealt with the crew's discoveries in South-east Scotland and the famous trip to Aberdeen in 1968; this week we look at what came next – the gradual realisation that there were great surf spots to be found all around the country, just waiting for somebody to come along and surf them for the first time.
In the early days, Bennetts points out, there wasn't much incentive to go looking for waves beyond the breaks of East Lothian and the Borders. Once they'd found spots like Belhaven, Pease Bay and Coldingham – all within easy striking distance of Edinburgh and with nobody else around to surf them – there wasn't much point wasting valuable water time searching elsewhere. That said, they did occasionally try surfing in different places just for the hell of it. Batten remembers one session at Dunbar that got him into trouble with the law.
No matter how good the waves on the east coast were, however, it was only ever going to be a matter of time before Scotland's surfers started looking west, to the powerful waves of the Atlantic. Travel times and costs being what they were in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the islands were a tricky proposition, but Machrihanish, on the swell-exposed southern tip of the Mull of Kintyre, was a little more accessible (although only a little), so it seemed like an obvious place to try.
The next major discovery was just around the corner, however, and it was Batten who made it, stumbling upon the untapped surfing potential of Scotland's north coast completely by accident.
The now-famous barrels peeling along the reef at Thurso East weren't surfed until the mid-1970s, and they didn't really appear on the surfing world's radar until 1978, when Liverpudlian transplant Pat Kieran finally got lonely surfing them all by himself and wrote an article for an English surfing magazine appealing for people to come and join him.
In the early 70s, however, before Thurso became synonymous with surf, Batten, Bennetts, Wishart and Co found plenty of other great spots to keep them entertained around Bettyhill.
"Bettyhill was good because there was a choice of waves up there," says Bennetts. "You had Torrisdale, Farr Bay, Strathy... and nobody else had ever been up there [to surf] as far as we knew.
And that seems like as good a place as any to leave our three surfing pioneers, driving north through the lonely countryside of Sutherland as night falls, a little string of tail-lights following the winding course of the River Halladale towards the sea, and the promise of waves in the morning.
Surfing, it is often said, is a sport that leaves no trace, but everyone who has surfed in Scottish waters since Bennetts, Batten and Wishart has been following in their footsteps, whether they realised it or not.


Prepare for an eventful week as Pluto stations retrograde on Monday. Any time a planets "stations" the emphasis and influence of that planet is greater. As I have mentioned in the past, if you were walking down a busy street and suddenly you stopped your actions would be noticeable. The same is true with a planet. When it shifts direction there is a point when it stands stationary and its power is more present. Interestingly enough, the very next day we have a Full Moon Lunar eclipse at 25 degrees Libra. Lunar eclipses manifest themselves emotionally. Since the Moon holds sway on our emotions we can expect the power to be held there. Find the house where the Moon is at that time and see if you can understand what the eclipse is all about. Most importantly, remember not to run to fear. Historically, humans tended to be fearful of these events but they can also be significantly positive. Changes do happen for the better so much of the time, even if we cannot measure them at the moment.
The eclipse that occurs on Tuesday falls at 25 degrees Libra. With its ability to negotiate and find compromise, Libra strives for balance. As it stands directly across from the bright Aries Sun we may feel as if the time has come to work together more closely with partners and co-workers. Just about every relationship can feel this influence, but most especially the cardinal signs, Aries, Cancer, Libra, and Capricorn. The light that may be shown on you and your associates may provide valuable insights into how you move forward in harmony. Of course, the same can also signal an end, but if you can find the gem of what brought you and others together you may find that there is much to salvage and repair. Impulsivity is an Aries trait, but it may be wise to sit on a decision for a bit until the influence settles.


Disaster may strike quickly and without warning. These events can be frightening for adults, but they are traumatic for children if they don't know what to do.
During a disaster, you family may have to leave your home and daily routine. Children may become anxious, confused or frightened. As an adult, you'll need to cope with the disaster in a way that will help children avoid developing a permanent sense of loss. It is important to give children guidance that will help them reduce their fears.
Preparing for emergencies shouldn't fall on parents shoulders alone. Young children and teens alike need to be part of the process — for their own safety and sense of empowerment.


text:
Summary and Analysis
Chapters 10—11
Hazel Grace Lancaster
Augustus "Gus" Waters
John Green and The Fault in Our Stars Background
Summary Chapters 24—25
The theme of the necessity of pain plays a significant role in the final section as well. In his letter to Van Houten, Augustus writes about the marks he says we all want to leave on the world, and they're generally the things people do to prove they're important in some way. It's notable that he refers to these marks as "scars." The term implies that a wound, and therefore pain, has been inflicted. While Augustus seems to think most of these scars are harmful, particularly those we inflict as a result of our own vanity, he makes it clear that not all are. The scar he left on Hazel is in this latter category. It's proof that he mattered to her, that she loved him, and he's happy he caused it. The type of pain that inflicts this scar is unique in Augustus's mind. He says we can't choose whether or not we get hurt, but we can choose who hurts us. In other words, we have no control over the pain we suffer, except in this one instance where we do control who inflicts pain on us. Those people, he suggests, are the people we love. His metaphor creates a direct link between pain and love.
Throughout the novel, Augustus has questioned the meaning and purpose of his life without any clear answers, but here he finally seems to draw a conclusion about what makes a life significant. Augustus's main fear through most of the novel has been dying without having accomplished something meaningful, and he has always equated a meaningful life (and death) with doing something heroic that people will remember him by. That glory and fame, he thought, would be proof that he mattered. But in the letter to Van Houten that Hazel reads, Augustus appears to find a slightly different measure for proving he mattered and that his life had meaning. He refers to the marks we want to leave on the world to prove we're significant as "scars," and while Augustus seems to think most of the scars people leave, like mini-malls, are the wrong kind, he is happy about the scar he left on Hazel. He suggests that, because it resulted from their love for each other, it means he genuinely mattered, at least to her. It also satisfies his desire to be remembered after his death, as he knows Hazel will carry "his scar" with her always.
Hazel, meanwhile, comes to her own conclusions about her meaning and purpose in life. When Patrick asks her in Support Group why she doesn't die, she actually stops to consider the question rather than just give her stock answer, which was that she went on living for her parents. But on thinking about it, Hazel, taking influence from what her father said about the universe wanting to be noticed, thinks that she wants to go on living in order to observe the universe. (The thought also recalls Augustus's comment in his letter to Van Houten that the real heroes in the world are the people who notice things.) This change in her thinking seems to be the result of her relationship with Augustus. At the start of the novel, she didn't seem to think much mattered, and her focus was primarily to avoid causing anymore suffering in the world. Now, however, she feels she owes a "debt" to all those who aren't living, and the term indicates that she feels she has something of great value that they don't: namely, life. What's significant about this thought is that the Hazel we see at the start of the novel didn't seem to think much of life's value. She only came to see this value after Augustus greatly enriched her life, and sees her purpose as continuing on with her life, not to do anything extraordinary necessarily, but simply to use that life to notice what's around her. Living, her thinking suggests, is its own purpose.
The dream Hazel briefly mentions about finding herself "boatless in a huge lake" ties into the water symbolism running throughout the novel, and its timing suggests a connection to Augustus's death. Hazel has previously used drowning as a way to describe how she feels in particularly awful situations, like when she had to be hospitalized because of her lungs and after Augustus died. Here the threat she faces in being without a boat is again that she'll drown. Moreover, water has been used as a symbol to represent pain, both psychic and physical. Augustus was Hazel's refuge from this pain, but now she finds herself without him. Viewing the dream with this symbolism in mind, Hazel finds herself in danger of being overtaken by the pain she's experiencing now that she's lost Augustus, who is represented by the boat that Hazel finds herself without.
The final words of the novel, Hazel's "I do," are significant in a few ways. For a start, they mark the first and only instance of Hazel using the present tense during her narration the novel. This change in tense is notable because it indicates that Hazel currently loves Augustus. Her love hasn't come and gone but persists in the present. The words are also a prominent feature of wedding vows, which are, in theory at least, supposed to bind two people together forever. Using those words suggests Hazel is entering into an agreement with Augustus to continue loving him into the future, and both meanings indicate that Hazel doesn't see Augustus's death as an end to their love for one another. The idea ties into the fear Hazel talks about with her mother, whom Hazel once overheard lamenting that she wouldn't be a mother anymore after Hazel died. Through these scenarios, the novel suggests our relationships don't end with death. Just as Hazel's mother reassures her that she'll still be her mother even after Hazel dies, Hazel acknowledges with her words that her relationship with Augustus will continue despite his passing.
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