Deep in the far, remote, southern reaches of the vast continent of South America is a winding, snakelike, 150-nautical mile waterway that links the Atlantic Ocean, to the east, with the Pacific Ocean, to the west. The so-called Beagle Channel was named after the HMS Beagle during its first hydrographic survey of the coasts and islands of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego from 1826 to 1830.
It was the Beagle's second voyage, however, that etched its name into the annals of history, science and exploration. For it was on this return journey that Captain Robert FitzRoy employed the services of a "gentleman's companion" and amateur naturalist called Charles Darwin, whose meticulous eye and careful observations of the natural world around him bore the foundation of his considered thoughts on natural selection and the theory of evolution, ideas and pronouncements that literally changed the world.
Plus, without Darwin, we wouldn't have the Darwin Awards, the annual, ironic celebration of fate, folly and the tenuousness of existence.
Our own ongoing voyage of discovery recommenced today at precisely 0500 when the Ocean Watch crew left their mooring in the sheltered waters of Bahia Aguirre, Argentina, in the lee of Patagonia and resumed a westward course. After a journey of just over three days from the Falkland Islands – including yesterday's transit of the Strait of Le Maire and a return landfall to South America – the skipper called for an overnight stop before continuing on for the final 60-miles to the next scheduled port-of-call in Puerto Williams, Chile.
Puerto Williams, to the south of the Beagle Channel, and Ushuaia, Argentina, to the north, are two of the world's southernmost settlements; in fact, the lighthouse marking the entrance to Ushuaia has been dubbed "the end of the world." For Ocean Watch, however, Puerto Williams will serve not as the conclusion to anything, but as the staging area and launching pad for our imminent "summit" of Cape Horn.
Last night's sunset in Bahia Aguirre was a microcosm of the day that proceeded it: In the space of a couple of hours, we experienced rain, wind, calms, more rain, sunshine, a rainbow, and finally, a series of astounding cloud formations as changeable and hypnotizing in their own way as the Northern Lights. When it comes to arresting, jaw-dropping atmospherics, you can't beat Patagonia.
The visual treats continued all day long, starting with the leaping dolphins that accompanied us out of the bay, moving on to the blazing sunrise a short while later, continuing on with the flock of cormorants that signaled our entrance to the Beagle a few miles down the track, and punctuated by the snowy mountaintops and stark, unforgiving terrain as we slid down the channel's well-defined corridor en route to Puerto Williams.
Once in the Beagle – actually, from here to the Horn, and onward to Chile through the famed Chilean channels – the movements of small boats like Ocean Watch are closely monitored by the Chilean Armada, or Navy, who tend to the many navigation markers and lights, and man small coastwise lookout stations at strategic locations all along the coast. We were hailed on the VHF-radio several times today and are lucky that our current crew complement continues to enjoy the presence of Argentine native Horacio Rosell, who has handled communications flawlessly in his native tongue. Horacio reports that one reason for the multiple calls is to keep us abreast of swimmers in the Channel, hearty souls braving the 50º waters. In any event, by day's end, Ocean Watch's presence in the vicinity had been firmly established.
As the afternoon progressed, a solid westerly breeze just this side of 30-knots filled in, sending spray flying and offering a preview of coming attractions. But it faltered in the final miles and when we sailed into Puerto Williams, we were well and truly out of the westerly blow.
Big westerly breezes, of course, are the prevailing winds in this part of the world, and the next order of business and number-one priority will be watching the weather carefully for a window to round Cape Horn, one of the last places on the planet one wants to visit in a staunch westerly gale. Yes, we may be sailing in Darwin's wake, but we're certainly not seeking one of his awards.
*To add a comment to this story click on the comment link below the post title. The Around the Americas Shore Team moderates all comments and will post only those that advance the story directly or provide tangential information relevant to our cause. Please direct personal messages for the crew to crew@aroundtheamericas.org instead of submitting them here. Thanks for following the Around the Americas Expedition.
At 0300 today, 3 a.m. in the morning, the first purplish hint of dawn was visible to the southeast, and the looming, inaugural presence of Isla de los Estados – Staten Island – was cloaked in shadowy mist to the northwest. Here and there: light and land. For the crew of Ocean Watch, it was the start of a long day, and an important one. It was the day we'd cross under the Strait of Le Maire, enter the Beagle Channel, and begin the task of negotiating what had been one of the express goals of the Around the Americas expedition – one of the primary points of the entire exercise – since leaving Seattle last May. Namely, it was the real, honest-to-goodness start to a rounding of Cape Horn.
But first we had to "get strait." In other words, we needed to get beyond the short, narrow, and potentially highly hostile Strait of Le Maire, the 16-nautical mile entranceway to the wonders of Tierra del Fuego and beyond.
Isla de los Estados, or Staten Island, was given its name by the Dutch merchant mariner Willem Schouten, master of a ship called Eeendracht, in 1616, who named the isle and the surrounding territory Her Staten Land (literally: the Land of their Lords) after his sovereign patrons and benefactors. (One can assume the New York City borough that shares the title was tagged for similar reasons.) Likewise, the Strait of Le Maire was named for another backer of the same expedition, ship owner Isaac Le Maire. Schouten will also go down in history as the man who gave Cape Horn its handle: the Hoorn was one of the ships in his armada, and was also the name of the town from which he'd departed eight months before.
But Cape Horn is still on the figurative horizon, whereas Staten Island was right there off the bow.
We'd made pretty fair time on the trip from East Falkland Island to the eastern flank of Staten, but that was about to end. By 0430, we were pounding dead upwind in a sneaky westerly of 30-knots; bucking a foul current of a half-knot or more; and making just over three knots through the water and two-something over the ground. We passed beneath a big, dark cloud and the breeze eased somewhat, but the numbers still weren't famous – 4's and 5's through the water, 3's and 4's on velocity made good (VMG).
Yes, it was the beginning of a very long day.
Skipper Mark Schrader and mate Dave Logan had concocted a plan to hug the southern shore of Staten, relatively speaking, as opposed to sailing around the more exposed northern shoreline. The immediate upshot was that we got a good, close look at the 33-mile long island in the emerging morning light.
"Craggy," said Logan. I was thinking more along the lines of "saw-toothed," but you get the idea. By whatever description, there was a good bit more elevation compared to our most recent visuals at East Falkland; on the chart, we identified a peak of some 2,500 feet, but it had yet to peek out from the clouds. In any event, compared to Stanley, we were now in the Himalayas. The bad news was, we weren't making much headway towards the Strait (which, technically speaking, we weren't sailing "through," but just to its south). The good news was, at least we had something to check out, even if the view wasn't changing very fast.
Still, looking at the bright side, it was getting brighter out. I mentioned to Logan that pounding to weather in 30 knots in sunshine is better than pounding to weather in 30 knots in rain.
He answered, rather obliquely, "We're making 3.3 knots against 2.5 knots of current." Well, yes; anyway, so much for optimism.
Whatever one's outlook, sunrise was rather spectacular. The reflected light on the jagged mountains cast a rosy hue across their peaks, some of which were flecked with patches of snow. Our latest crewmember is Sailors for the Sea boardmember Ned Cabot, who has sailed his own yacht, a J/46 called Cielita, across the Atlantic and into the high latitudes. Staten Island reminded him of certain ranges in Western Newfoundland, also around the 50th parallel, in the Northern Hemisphere summer.
Yesterday, while poring over the charts, Mark had looked at our next port of call in Puerto Williams, Chile, and said, "We've got a very interesting 150 miles ahead." We were now just over halfway there. Extremely short, steep, breaking waves were foaming all around Ocean Watch. The deck was awash, awesome sheets of spray were flying over the boat, and solid walls of water were crashing into the windshield of the hard dodger. The motion down below was horrendous. At 0600, at the change of watch, I fell into my pitching bunk, thinking it must be what it feels like to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel. It was all so interesting, in fact, that I was reminded of that old Chinese proverb: "May you live in interesting times." I've been told it's actually a curse, not a blessing.
Three hours later, I blinked awake after my longest snooze since leaving the Falklands. Sometimes on a passage you need a watch change to change the energy. But there was more than a psychic change here: It was calm.
In the still conditions, Staten was an arresting visage; tiny penguins of a variety we hadn't seen before bobbed in and out of the water, while our new friends, the albatrosses, were everywhere in sight. David correctly noted that it looked like a wild place to explore. "The climbing and hiking would be pretty rugged," he said. "First ascents. Big walls. But how do you get there?" The safe anchorages that do exist, we knew, were on the northern side of Staten, nowhere in sight.
David explained that while I was sleeping they'd cut inside a trio of rocky outcroppings right at the moment our ever-reliable Lugger diesel showed slight signs of overheating. They'd shut it down and sailed out of trouble while Logan worked his magic and got it purring once again. All was well: we'd just lost some valuable time.
Back on deck, the sky to the west was beginning to look bleak. The barometer was falling, now registering a low 991 millibars. But we could see the end of west Staten Island – it looked like a mini Cape Horn – and a gray promontory farther beyond.
By 1115, with breath bated, we were clear of Staten Island and finally getting into the Strait.
Once out of the lee of Staten, we unrolled the jib and stuck our toe in. The wind was building but from a good direction, to the north of west, permitting a fast reach. About a third of the way across, the breeze had risen into the mid-20s and we were careening along at a somewhat frantic 10-knots, so we rolled up the genoa in what was now a cold rain and replaced it with the staysail. We were, as we're wont to say here on Ocean Watch, hauling the mail.
For most of the trip across the Strait, a big cell of precipitation that hovered right over us followed our track. On the radar screen, it was bright yellow and symmetrical, and looked exactly like the cover of an old Iron Butterfly album. Inna-gada-davida, baby.
Seconds later, the boat lurched on its side and I had to grab my computer before it flew off the table. "Third reef!" called David.
Down went the staysail, in went the third reef in the main. On deck, the breeze was now in the mid-30s, the air was cold and wet. The well-known Patagonian williwaws, powerful gusts of wind that rocket down the face of the steep mountains were coursing down the channel just as we tucked out of the Strait of Le Maire and into the shadow of the peninsula. We'd just sailed south of 55º S. "One way or the other, we were going to get our gale," said David.
The last hour, naturally, was the wildest. A Force 9 gale came pummeling down the channel, blowing the tops of waves sideways in estimated gusts of 50-knots, the most breeze we'd seen in seven months and 18,000 miles of sailing. We yanked down the main and made for a deep cove recommended by seasoned Patagonia cruisers David and Candy Masters, who we met in the Falklands. In the small-world department, the Masters had sailed their purposeful 46-ketch, Endeavor, all the way from – where else? – Seattle.
We had one last bit of drama when the engine again sputtered and coughed, but the skipper and mate changed the fuel filter on the fly and Ocean Watch was again a seriously going concern. At the end of the day, literally, the sun broke through, revealing a vast, arresting landscape of hills and estancias, as we motored into the bay, escorted by a quartet of dolphins. Sweet.
I was hankering for some old Mark Knopfler, some old Dire Straits. It was time for a brief celebration, and it seemed appropriate. On a long, strange, wonderful day, we'd gotten past the dire Straits of Le Maire.
On Sunday, after a week-long stay in the fine and friendly town of Stanley, on East Falkland island, the crew of Ocean Watch sailed out through the Narrows at the mouth of Stanley Harbor, hung a couple of hard rights, and set a course for the protected waters of Port Pleasant. A few hours later, we motored out of the protected waters and into Port Pleasant proper.
Pleasant Island was abeam, just north of Pleasant Point, which of course is the headland marking the little anchorage of Pleasant Roads. Unfortunately, though we have several iPods on the boat, no one had a recording of The Monkey's old hit, Pleasant Valley Sunday. But not to worry: the day ended with one of the more spectacular sunsets we've seen on our journey (not to mention the first one we'd witnessed in the wild, wooly and windswept Falklands), and the night that followed was crisp and clear, with a sensational view of the Southern Cross (also missing in action since arriving in the archipelago) and more than a couple of shooting stars.
Things couldn't have been more pleasant.
Today, we're once again underway, this time for the 360-nautical mile push to the famed Patagonian waters of the Beagle Channel, and the town of Puerto Williams nestled along its shores. The Chilean port will serve as the staging area while the crew prepares for the highly anticipated leg around Cape Horn.
It would've been, well, pleasant to spend a few days kicking around the western islands of the starkly beautiful Falklands, but in this part of the world, when a weather window opens, it's highly imprudent not to take advantage of it. So this morning, skipper Mark Schrader checked the forecast and saw favorable winds from the west-northwest scheduled for much of this week, and made the call to weigh anchor and get underway. By mid-afternoon, Ocean Watch had crossed the 52nd parallel and was again on course for a return to South America.
Before setting forth, however, we dropped the dinghy in the water for a quick look around, and mate Dave Logan and I launched our Little Wing carbon-fiber kayaks for a quiet paddle to the small cluster of buildings known as Fitzroy Settlement in the still morning waters.
We'd seen what appeared to be a small graveyard and the unmistakable war memorial upon arriving in the port. As we set forth in the kayaks, we would've been interested to find out more about the place, but there was no one to ask. As we approached the long dock adjacent to the settlement, it began to drizzle, which cast a slight pall on the proceedings. Even more unsettling was the pair of fat turkey vultures eyeing us closely as we paddled under the dock and into a shallow cove. Up on a hill, a closed-pen of dogs began barking wildly. Otherwise, the place looked deserted.
"Spooky," I said to Logan. It felt like we'd slipped onto the set for a waterborne sequel to The Blair Witch Project.
But that was the last bit of unpleasantness.
Along the shore, Dave spotted a lone king penguin, but that was just the beginning of the fine, feathered friends (hanging out with Logan, I sometimes imagine, must've been like kicking back with James Audubon). After paddling out of the cove and up into the shallows of the creek, he pointed out one bird after another: a kelp goose, a couple of pair of steamer ducks, a pair of speckled teals, a variable hawk, and an imperial shag (also known as a cormorant).
But the time for dawdling was over.
Once we'd hauled the anchor and were again underway, we had one more set of visitors, quite likely the same ones who'd greeted us upon our arrival. The small school of what were probably Peale's dolphins were playful, fetching and energetic, and bid us a Falklands farewell with style and flair. Our days in the islands were a most pleasant interlude in the voyage Around the Americas. But now it's time to head for Cape Horn.


If you have the same fascination with the wild, wacky and interesting things that pop up for auction on eBay as we do then you're going to love the site's new Top Shared section. It was introduced just a couple of days ago via Twitter and has been getting some love from Twitter users for the way that it is highlighting some celebrity auctions for charity.
The page offers you a list of the auctions that have gotten shared the most via Facebook, Twitter and email, giving you a snapshot of the 'most interesting' auctions on the site. You can choose to see today's auctions or the most interesting in the last month. If you're only interested in stuff that you can actually buy, you can limit it to only available items as well.
The section looks like it could be a fun one to check out to see what stuff people are actively sharing with their friends which, if the current crop is anything to go by, is a mix of celebrity memorabilia, quirky clothing and items with exceptionally hilarious descriptions.
One of the featured items in today's list is a Shoe Revolt auction that is selling off a pair of Keds autographed by Kristen Stewart to combat human trafficking. This particular auction has been shared over 2,000 times on Facebook alone and a Twitter search reveals hundreds of recent shares, many from the Top Shared page itself.
This looks like an interesting tool that could help build some buzz around super-popular items like memorabilia or smaller, quirky auctions that have some intrinsic share value. There are shareable items like this "Sell the Dodgers!" sticker, disturbing homemade stuff like this knit Chthulu balaclava and more mainstream yet expensive items like a private concert with Incubus.
I'm not sure how effective this will be in helping you get your shopping done, but if you love trolling eBay for odd or interesting auctions, the Top Shared page should help you find them easier.


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All 10 Myths About Vaccines Debunked
Home » Health Blog » Health » Family & Community Health » All 10 Myths About Vaccines Debunked
Globally, public health officials and other health personnel especially in the United States, Nigeria and many countries in Northern African and the Middle East have been combating misconceptions rumors and outright propagation of falsehood about vaccine safety and importance. During the cause of these "war", they have recorded had mixed success. Despite the fact that numerous scientific studies and available data have shown no evidence to support the notion that vaccines cause autism, infertility and other chronic conditions, a growing number of parents and individuals are refusing to vaccinate their children or wards.Scientific Findings have shown that falling immunization rates in the United States and many countries of the world including Nigeria are linked to the recent resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases. California saw a record breaking 9,120 cases of whooping cough in 2010 alone, more than any year since 1914 when the whopping cough vaccine was introduced. The Center for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) warns that events such as the California experience might become more frequent, complex and harder to control if vaccination rates continue to fall at the current rate. Nigeria on its part saw the return of the wild polio virus complicating efforts to eradicate the disease in Africa. SEE: National Programme on Immunization (NPI) schedule
Fears over vaccine safety and cold chain maintenance are not unfounded especially in Africa and other developing nations. However, in the United States and most of the developed world, cold chain issues is not a challenge. The CDC and other National health institutions around the world recommends that children receive up to 14 vaccine inoculations by age of six. Many parents however reject these vaccines or deliberately shun immunization schedules because of the thought that many of these vaccines were developed over the last two decades and as such they are worried about the long-term side effects and potential risk of the vaccines. Available research and scientific literature however, shows that most of our biggest fears and worries about vaccinations and its imagined consequences are unfounded. In this article we have Out-lined the 10 major vaccine myths and the scientific research that shows that you don't need to worry about them anymore:
Myths About Vaccines 1: Vaccines cause autism.
The fear that vaccines increase risk of developing autism emanated from a 1997 study published by a British Surgeon Andrew Wakefield. The article which was published in one of the world's prestigious medical journal The Lancet, suggested that the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine was increasing the risk of autism in British children.
The study has since been completely discredited due to very serious procedural errors, ethical violations and undisclosed financial conflicts of interest, Wakefield in the process lost his medical license and the study which was referred to as an elaborate fraud has since been retracted and taken down from The Lancet.Nevertheless, researchers took the hypothesis seriously and carried out several major studies on the subject matter and none of the studies found any link between any vaccine and the tendency or likelihood of developing autism. New studies have now identified symptoms of autism in children long before they receive the MMR vaccine. And even more recent research provides evidence that autism develops in utero, well before a baby is born or receives any vaccinations.
Myths About Vaccines 2: Infant immune systems can't handle so many vaccines.
Although the immune system of an Infant is not fully developed, it is actually stronger than what most people think. On the strength of number of antibodies present in the blood, a baby would theoretically be able to respond to about 10,000 vaccines at one time. Even if all 14 scheduled vaccines were administered at the same time, it would only use up to around 0.1 % of a baby's immune system capability. Scientists and medical researchers believe this ability is purely theoretical as under normal circumstances the immune system could never truly be overwhelmed due to the fact that the cells in the system are constantly being replenished. In reality, everyday babies are constantly exposed to countless number of bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms and vaccines are negligible in comparison.
Myths About Vaccines 3: Natural immunity is better than vaccine-acquired immunity.
This statement is correct however, it is tantamount to suicide. The major dangers of waiting to get infected in order to develop immunity far outweighs the relative benefits. Sometimes the impact of the disease on the body could be fatal and such individuals never live to enjoy the immunity they would have acquired due to preventable loss of lives. For instance, by contracting measles you would face a 1 in 500 chance of death as a result of your symptoms alone, this in contrast with the number of people who have had severe allergic reactions from the Measles Mumps and Rubella vaccine, which is less than 1 in 1,000,000.
Myths About Vaccines 4: Vaccines contain unsafe toxins.
It is true that certain chemicals such as formaldehyde, mercury and aluminum are used in the production of certain vaccines. It is also true that these chemicals at certain concentration are toxic to the human body, what is also true is that there are only trace or negligible amounts of these chemicals in FDA approved vaccines. According to the Food and Drug Administration and the Center for Disease Control and prevention, there is no scientific evidence or data to suggest that the low levels of Formaldehyde, mercury or aluminum in vaccines can be harmful. In fact formaldehyde is produced at higher volumes in our bodies by our own metabolic systems.
Myths About Vaccines 5: Vaccines Causes Infertility and Sterility
This is the major myth especially in Northern Africa, the Middle East and Northern Nigeria. There is no evidence scientific or otherwise to suggest that vaccines cause sterility or infertility. Even the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine that has been a subject of intense debate does not cause fertility problems and may in fact actually increase the chances of some women getting pregnant according to new research conducted in the United States. The Boston study lays to rest the myth that vaccines or HPV vaccines causes infertility whether now or in the future.
Myths About Vaccines 6: Better hygiene and sanitation are actually responsible for decreased infections, not vaccines.
A lot of factors (Sanitation, Nutrition, Antibiotics etc.) played critical roles in reducing the disease burden globally and vaccines can't take all the credit for reducing the rates of infectious disease worldwide. However, when a critical analyses of the contribution of these factors to the reduction of infectious diseases is carried out, the principal role of vaccines in reducing infectious diseases cannot be denied.
A typical example of the impact of vaccine can be clearly seen in the measles pattern in the United States. Before the introduction of the first measles vaccine in 1963, rates of infection had been holding steady at around 400,000 cases a year while sanitation and hygiene habits remain static or did not change much over the following decade, the rate of measles infections dropped drastically as a result of the introduction of the vaccine, as only about 25,000 cases were recorded by 1970. Another example according to the CDC is Hibs disease, available data shows that the incidence rate for this condition nosedived from 20,000 in 1990 to around 1,500 by 1993, following the introduction of the vaccine.
Myths About Vaccines 7: Vaccines aren't worth the risk.
Despite the persistent concerns by some parents, children have been successfully vaccinated for decades and there has never been a single credible study linking vaccines to long term health conditions or other side effect with major long term health consequences.The incident of death as a result of allergic reactions or severe side effects are so rare they can't even truly be calculated. Between 1990 and 1992 only one death arising from vaccine was reported to the CDC. The overall incidence rate of severe allergic reaction to vaccines is around one case for every one or two million injections.
Myths About Vaccines 8: Vaccines can infect my child with the disease it's trying to prevent.
Vaccines can produce mild symptoms similar to those of the disease they are protecting against. A common misconception among proponents of this myth is that these symptoms signals infection. Not all persons show symptoms and in the small percentage (less than 1 in one million cases) where these symptoms do occur, the vaccine recipient's immune system is responding to the vaccine and not the disease itself.
Available data shows that there is only one recorded case where a vaccine was reported to have caused disease. The vaccine implicated was the Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) which is no longer used in the U.S. But is still used in most developing countries including Nigeria
Myths About Vaccines 9: We don't need to vaccinate because infection rates are already so low in the United States.
Community or "herd immunity," is acquired mainly by vaccination and so long as a large percentage of people are immunized in any population, even the un-immunized minority will be protected. But what happens if an increasing number of people are not immunized? They expose themselves, their children and greater population to collective danger by opening up opportunities for bacteria and viruses to establish themselves and spread.
It is also important to note that herd immunity only covers for when the individual is within the herd. With international travel becoming more popular, once outside the zone of cover the immunity no longer holds for the unvaccinated
Myths About Vaccines 10: For Best Results wait until children are older before Giving them vaccines.
This is another myth being held unto by some parents. Immunization schedules are designed to protect the most vulnerable patients (Children) from disease. Waiting till the child is older rubbishes the whole essence of the vaccination and exposes the child to great risk. In a single year Wisconsin recorded 300 whooping cough cases all involving children under age 1. According to reports, 177 of these children were less than 6 months old. Of these figure, half were hospitalized and three died. All these for a disease that should have been relegated to the dustbin of history but remain to torment our children due to the actions of a few of us.
Impact of Vaccine Rejection in Nigeria
Following the spread of falsehood that the west intends to control the Muslim population of the Northern Nigeria by administering vaccines laced with birth control, majority of the Muslim population in Northern Nigeria rejected immunization despite concerted efforts by traditional rulers, public health officials and the government, some parents refused to grant access to their children for immunization. The rise of the Boko Haram group also exacerbated the vaccine crisis in Nigeria following their persistent attacks on health officials on immunization duties .This led to a situation where a large portion of the children population especially in the rural areas were left un-immunized leading to the return of the wild polio virus which has again doused the hope of eradicating polio in Africa.
Vaccines are one of the great success stories of modern medicine. Before the discovery of vaccines, life expectancy in most places were very low, epidemics were a constant threat and children most times stood no chance due to the brutal effect of the pathogens. The advent of vaccines led to the major suppression of diseases such as measles, smallpox, whooping cough, polio and rubella. For generations, vaccines have prevented millions of death and continues to do so throughout the nooks and crannies of the world where its impact is recognized and its potency is appreciated.See: Meningitis vaccine in Nigeria
"So it's an absolute lie that has killed thousands of kids. Because the mothers who heard that lie, many of them didn't have their kids take either pertussis or measles vaccine, and their children are dead today. And so the people who go and engage in those anti-vaccine efforts — you know, they, they kill children. It's a very sad thing, because these vaccines are important."
― Bill Gates
Public Health Ng
Public Health Nigeria an Interdisciplinary public health movement focused on health education, advancing fair public health policies, promoting fitness, healthy diets, responsible behavior, community health and general well-being.
National Program on Immunization (NPI) Schedule In Nigeria
Problems Of Immunization In Nigeria
Meningitis Vaccine in Nigeria: Everything You Should Know
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October 20, 2017 Family & Community HealthPublic Health NgLeave a comment

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


MIT, located across the Charles River from downtown Boston, focuses on scientific and technological research.
The University of Cambridge is one of the oldest universities in the world and one of the largest in the United Kingdom.
Harvard University's extensive library system houses the oldest collection in the United States and the largest private collection in the world.
Teaching at UCL is "research-led," meaning that the programs offered reflect the very latest research and are often taught by academic staff members who are leaders in their fields.
The University of Oxford is the oldest university in the English-speaking world, with roughly nine centuries of continuous existence.
A collection of beautiful landscape photographs that capture moments when GOD was particularly artistically inspired.
The colorful landscapes of nature it's so beautiful. I really love it and would love to be at that place and feel it. How about you?


TUESDAY, April 4, 2017 (HealthDay News)—At 89, Donald Tenbrunsel is a bit of a phenomenon. He surfs the internet with ease, happily converses on a broad range of timely topics, volunteers and reads regularly.
For the study, Rogalski and her colleagues measured brain aging by examining the thickness of each person's cortex—the outer layer of folded gray matter in the brain.
But a question remained—were the SuperAgers born with brains that have more volume, and thus could better withstand the travails of aging? Or are their brains the same size as everyone else's, and simply aging less rapidly?
Both groups lost a significant amount of brain volume to aging, but average elderly people experienced a loss more than twice that of the SuperAgers—over 2.2 percent versus 1.1 percent.


We'll be live-blogging tonight's women's basketball final (8 p.m. Eastern on The Score). It should be a good one: the #1 SFU Clan vs. the #2 Regina Cougars. SFU only has one loss all year (to Victoria on Halloween), but Regina has home-court advantage and has been hot lately; they were very impressive against Windsor last night. Can the Cougars come up with a counter for Kate Hole and her blogging power? Can Regina become the first team in history to win the Bronze Baby at home? These questions and more will be answered tonight. Come join us for the live blog!


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Nigerian Artist Artwork Sells For N215m
Gabriel Alabi
Nigerian artist Toyin Odutola artwork was sold for r £471,000 (roughly N215 million) making her the third highest-paid Nigerian artist of all time after her drawing, 'Compound Leaf'.
Concise News gathered that this record-breaking sale puts Ms Odutola behind a fellow female artist, Njideka Akunyili-Crosby, and the legendary Ben Enwonwu.
After moving from Nigeria to America at the age of five, Ms Odutola became aware of her blackness and began questioning her identity.
Due to the shock of this transition, she used art as a coping mechanism, and over time, it transformed into an "investigative, learning activity" for her.
Speaking with Vogue about how art helped her escape, Ms Odutola said, "I was obsessed, capturing everything I saw and being fascinated with the incredibly simple task of looking at something and transmitting it onto paper. It's immediate magic."
Ms Odutola creates multimedia drawings on various surfaces investigating formulaic representations and how such images can be unreliable, systemic, and socially-coded.
She has participated in exhibitions at various institutions, including The Drawing Center, New York (2018—19); Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (2017—18); Brooklyn Museum, New York (2016).
She has also exhibited at the Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis (2015); Studio Museum Harlem, New York (2015, 2012); Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum, Ridgefield (2013); and Menil Collection, Houston, (2012).
Her permanent collections include Museum of Modern Art, Whitney Museum of American Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Birmingham Museum of Art, Baltimore Museum of Art and New Orleans Museum of Art.
Ms Odutola's collections have also been displayed in Philadelphia Museum of Art, Princeton University Art Museum, Spencer Museum of Art, Honolulu Museum of Art, and the National Museum of African Art (Smithsonian).
Gabriel Alabi is a graduate of the prestigious Nigerian Institute of Journalism. He is a sport enthusiast who loves to read and write. He is also witty and very intelligent.
47 Anniversary Of Ogundipe And Why History Calls Him A 'Coward'...
In Remembrance Of Umaru Musa Yar'Adua
Atiku Vs Buhari: Sand Between Two Witches
Between Religious Leaders And Challenges Of The Country


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Uncategories TY DOLLA $IGN ANNOUNCES DON'T JUDGE ME TOUR!!
TY DOLLA $IGN ANNOUNCES DON'T JUDGE ME TOUR!!
MULTI-PLATINUM HIP-HOP SUPERSTAR CELEBRATES ACCLAIMED NEW ALBUM BEACH HOUSE 3
WITH WIDE-RANGING NORTH AMERICAN HEADLINE TOUR
35-CITY TOUR KICKS OFF FEBRUARY 21ST IN SANTA ANA, CA
SPOTIFY AND LOCAL PRE-SALES BEGIN THURSDAY, DECEMBER 7TH
GENERAL ON-SALE GETS UNDERWAY FRIDAY, DECEMBER 8TH
BEACH HOUSE 3 AVAILABLE EVERYWHERE NOW
Atlantic recording artist TY DOLLA $IGN has announced plans for a major North American tour. The DON'T JUDGE ME TOUR gets underway February 21st at The Observatory in Santa Ana, CA and travels through mid-April (see attached itinerary). A number of dates will see Ty joined by a slate of support acts, who will be unveiled soon. Spotify pre-sales begin Thursday, December 7th at 12 PM ET/9 AM PT while local pre-sales begin Thursday, December 7th at 10 AM local. All remaining tickets released to the general public on Friday, December 8th at 10 AM local. For complete details, and ticket information, please visit http://ift.tt/H9e9FW.
The DON'T JUDGE ME TOUR celebrates the recent release of the Grammy nominated singer/songwriter/producer's long awaited BEACH HOUSE 3, available everywhere now. The album – which marks the long awaited follow-up to the multiple GRAMMY® Award-nominated star's 2015 breakthrough debut album, FREE TC – made a stellar chart debut upon its October arrival, landing at #8 on Billboard's "Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums" chart as well as #11 on the overall Billboard 200. Ty Dolla $ign can also be seen with Future on "Darkside feat Kiiara" which will be featured on the upcoming companion soundtrack for the highly anticipated Netflix original film, BRIGHT.
BEACH HOUSE 3 includes a number of critically applauded hits, among them "Dawsin's Breek (Feat. Jeremih)," "Ex Feat. YG," "Love U Better (Feat. Lil Wayne & The-Dream)," and "So Am I (Feat. Damian Marley & Skrillex)." The album has received a wide range acclaim, with Pitchfork declaring it to be "a superbly refined collection of songs, carefully crafted and smartly cast…ruthlessly listenable, stacking hooks on top of hooks and flitting between an array different, pop-viable aesthetic frameworks."
Ty marked the release of BEACH HOUSE 3 with a series of high-profile TV performances, including MTV's TRL, CBS' The Late Late Show With James Corden, and ABC's Jimmy Kimmel Live! A GRAMMY® Award-nominated singer/songwriter/multi-instrumentalist, Ty was among the nominees at the 2017 BET Hip Hop Awards, earning nods for "Sweet 16: Best Featured Verse" on Juicy J's "Ain't Nothing (Feat. Wiz Khalifa & Ty Dolla $ign)" and "Impact Track" for Lecrae's "Blessings (feat. Ty Dolla $Ign)." In addition, the California-based superstar stole the show at VH1's Hip Hop Honors: The '90s Game Changers, opening the festivities with a vocal rendition of Montell Jordan's timeless "This Is How We Do It" and later performing alongside the legendary Warren G for the classic "Regulate."
Ty Dolla $ign has been an in-demand writer, producer, and featured artist since helming YG's 2010 smash, "Toot It and Boot It." Ty Dolla $ign made a major splash with 2014's critically-acclaimed BEACH HOUSE EP, highlighted by the RIAA platinum certified "Paranoid (Feat. B.o.B)" and 3x platinum smash, "Or Nah (Feat. Wiz Khalifa & The Weeknd)." He's also been credited with writing several hits such including Rihanna's 3X platinum hit "FourFiveSeconds" with Kanye West and Paul McCartney, Chris Brown's "Loyal," and most recently Gucci Mane's "Enormous." Ty is among the most popular featured artist of the modern era. Highlights include Fifth Harmony's 5x platinum certified "Work From Home," Kanye West's "Fade (Feat. Post Malone)," "Real Friends" and more.
(TOUR ITINERARY ATTACHED)
"DON'T JUDGE ME TOUR"
* w/co-headliner Big K.R.I.T.
21 – Santa Ana, CA – The Observatory
22 – San Luis Obispo, CA – The Fremont Theater
23 – Sacramento, CA – Ace of Spades
24 – Berkley, CA – The UC Theatre
25 – Santa Cruz, CA – The Catalyst
27 – Portland, OR – Roseland Theater
28 – Vancouver, BC – Vogue Theatre
1 – Seattle, WA – The Showbox
2 – Las Vegas, NV – Drais
3 – Salt Lake City, UT – In The Venue
4 – Denver, CO – Cervantes' Masterpiece Ballroom
7 – Minneapolis, MN – First Avenue
8 – Chicago, IL – House of Blues
9 – Milwaukee, WI – The Rave
10 – St. Louis, MO – Ready Room
11 – Indianapolis, IN – Deluxe at Old National Centre
13 – Detroit, MI – Majestic Theatre
14 – Toronto, ON – Phoenix Concert Theatre
16 – Reading, PA – Reverb
17 – Boston, MA – Paradise Rock Club
18 – Clifton Park, NY – Upstate Concert Hall
20 – New York, NY – Irving Plaza
21 – Philadelphia, PA – TLA
22 – Silver Spring, MD – The Fillmore Silver Spring *
23 – Morgantown, VA – Mainstage Morgantown
24 – Norfolk, VA – The Norva *
25 – Raleigh, NC – The Ritz *
27 – Asheville, NC – The Orange Peel *
28 – Atlanta, GA – Masquerade (Heaven Stage)
29 – Memphis, TN – New Daisy Theatre
31 – Dallas, TX – House of Blues
1 – Houston, TX – House of Blues
3 – Albuquerque, NM – Sunshine Theater
4 – Phoenix, AZ – The Van Buren
5 – San Diego, CA – House of Blues
ADDITIONAL DATES TO BE ANNOUNCED


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Internal Medicine, Rheumatology, and Emergency Medicine
7-Night Western Caribbean Cruise Conference
Round-trip Miami, FL
Royal Caribbean's Symphony of the Seas
14 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™
14 Contact Hours
Up to 14 (part II) MOC points in medical knowledge in the American Board of Internal Medicine's (ABIM) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program
$895 for Physicians, Attorneys, Psychologists, Doctors of Pharmacy & Dentists
$695 for Physician Assistants, Nurse Practitioners
$495 Nurses, Residents, Students & Others
BIAS FREE CME - No Commercial Support was provided for this CME activity.
Physicians, Physician Assistants, Nurses, Nurse Practitioners
Topics under development
Vikas Majithia, MD, MPH, FACP, FACR
Professor of Internal Medicine
University of Mississippi School of Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology.
Rheumatology Division Director and Fellowship Program Director
Dr. Majithia currently serves as Division Director and Fellowship Program Director at division of Rheumatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, and Rheumatologist at GV (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center Rheumatologist.
Dr. Majithia completed his medical school at Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Science in India, residency at St. John Hospital and Medical Center in Detroit Michigan and a fellowship in rheumatology at University of Mississippi Medical Center. He is board certified in Rheumatology and Internal Medicine by the American Board of Internal Medicine.
He is board certified in Rheumatology and Internal Medicine by the American Board of Internal Medicine. He is the principal investigator on a number of clinical trials, longitudinal studies and has published more than 30 peer-reviewed manuscripts and multiple book chapters.
He has received many honors and accolades for his teaching and service including induction into Norman C. Nelson Order of Teaching Excellence. He has current and previous service on a number of intra-mural committees. He currently serves on/ has served on multiple extra-mural committees which include those for American College of Rheumatology, American College of Physicians and American Board of Internal Medicine.
Daniel R. Martin, MD, MBA, FACEP, FAAEM
Professor and Vice Chair of Education
Director EM IM Residency Program
Daniel R. Martin is a Professor of Emergency Medicine and Internal Medicine at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. He is the Program Director of the Emergency Medicine Internal Medicine Residency Program and the Vice Chair of Education for the Department of Emergency Medicine. Dr. Martin served as the Program Director for the Emergency Medicine Categorical Program at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center from 1990 to 2010.
Dr. Martin received his undergraduate and medical degrees from Indiana University School of Medicine and recently received an Executive MBA from Fisher School of Business. He completed his Internal Medicine Residency at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics and then completed an Emergency Medicine Residency at the Medical College of Wisconsin serving as Chief Resident during his final year.
His clinical interests include the treatment of infectious diseases in the emergency department, cognitive errors, leadership and patient education and satisfaction. His research interests are the ED treatment of infections, such as pneumonia and respiratory infections, medical education research and patient experience.
Dr. Martin is an active member of national organizations such as the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, the Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors, The American Academy of Emergency Medicine and the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) where he is an Ohio ACEP Counselor and an Ohio ACEP Board member. He has lectured as a Visiting Professor both regionally and nationally on topics such as Respiratory Infections, Case Studies of Infectious Emergencies, Recognizing and Reducing Cognitive Errors in Medicine, Applying Leadership Literature to Emergency Medicine and Patient Experience.
Accreditation: Continuing Education, Inc. is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
Designation: Continuing Education, Inc. designates this live activity for a maximum of 14 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Each physician should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Osteopathic Physicians: This program is eligible for Category 2 credit with the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) .
Canadian Physicians: This activity is eligible for Section 1 credits in the Royal College's Maintenance of Certification (MOC) Program . Participants must log into MAINPORT to claim this activity.
US or Canadian Family Physicians: Please let us know if you require AAFP Prescribed Credits.
Physician Assistants: AAPA accepts certificates of participation for educational activities certified for AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ from organizations accredited by ACCME.
Nurse Practitioners: can claim either ANCC Contact Hours or AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™ as needed.
Pharmacology credits are identified on individual activities.
Continuing Education, Inc. is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation.
Accredited status does not imply endorsement by Continuing Education, Inc./University at Sea or ANCC of any commercial products displayed or used with an activity.
Successful completion of this CME activity, which includes participation in the evaluation component, enables the participant to earn up to 14 (part II) MOC points in medical knowledge in the American Board of Internal Medicine's (ABIM) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program. Participants will earn MOC points equivalent to the amount of CME credits claimed for the activity. It is the CME activity provider's responsibility to submit participant completion information to ACCME for the purpose of granting ABIM MOC credit.
Sat Jul 20 Miami, Florida
Sun Jul 21 *At Sea - Cruising
Mon Jul 22 Roatan, Honduras
Tue Jul 23 Costa Maya, Mexico
Wed Jul 24 Cozumel, Mexico
Thu Jul 25 *At Sea - Cruising
Fri Jul 26 Cococay, The Bahamas
6:00 am -
*Tentative course schedule, actual class times may differ.
Miami, Florida (Embark and Debark) - Florida's "Magic City" is one of the world's most popular vacation destinations. And, Miami truly is "international" owing to its large Cuban exile population and its role as the de facto gateway between much of Central and South America and Europe. Here you can discover music, cuisine and culture that demonstrate the renewing power of the mixing of cultures. Plan to spend a night or two, before or after your cruise to really get a feel for its soul. Night life in the city tends toward the high-end with ample opportunities to see Miami's cosmopolitan populace dressed to impress. Or experience the one-of-a-kind art deco district in South Beach (plenty of night-life there, too, of course). Nearby, natural Florida can be experienced up close. Board an airboat and explore the Everglades, the "river of grass": and, yes, there will be alligators.
Coco Cay, Bahamas - Located in the middle of the Caribbean's bright blue water lies the secluded island of CocoCay. With its white-sand beaches and spectacular surroundings, CocoCay is a wonderland of adventure. Reserved exclusively for Royal Caribbean guests, this tropical paradise has recently been updated with new aquatic facilities, nature trails and a ton of great places to just sit back, relax and enjoy a tropical drink.
Costa Maya, Mexico - Exploring the dense tropical vegetation and wide sandy bays of the Costa Maya, it's easy to imagine the days when sacrifice and slavery, rite and ritual were rampant in the Mayan culture. Even today, the countless ruins of temple walls, stairs and secret pathways exude magic and mystery. And when your archaeology lesson is complete, glorious stretches of coral sand may inspire you to build your own empire-of sand castles, of course!
Cozumel, Mexico - The Conquistadors first saw Mexico from the shores of Cozumel while searching for gold in the new world. Today, visitors to the island find out gold and silver jewelry in the dockside (and other) shops of San Miguel while having a great time in its many local bars and restaurants. Families, too, can easily find fun in Cozumel: there are a couple of water themed "parks" with lovely beaches stocked with many water sports options including a kid-friendly obstacle courses. Pleasant Horseback riding is also available with professional staff to ensure safety. Underwater adventure is here, as well; the waters around Cozumel's sheltered coral reefs make this one of the best snorkeling areas in the world.
Miami, Florida - Florida's "Magic City" is one of the world's most popular vacation destinations. And, Miami truly is "international" owing to its large Cuban exile population and its role as the de facto gateway between much of Central and South America and Europe. Here you can discover music, cuisine and culture that demonstrate the renewing power of the mixing of cultures. Plan to spend a night or two, before or after your cruise to really get a feel for its soul. Night life in the city tends toward the high-end with ample opportunities to see Miami's cosmopolitan populace dressed to impress. Or experience the one-of-a-kind art deco district in South Beach (plenty of night-life there, too, of course). Nearby, natural Florida can be experienced up close. Board an airboat and explore the Everglades, the "river of grass": and, yes, there will be alligators.
Roatan, Honduras - Roatan Island, Honduras is an adventure traveler's vacation paradise with its blue skies, clear turquoise water and year-round moderate climate. Go scuba diving, snorkeling, swimming with the dolphins or, ashore, take a canopy tour, ride horses, explore tropical scenery, shop for island crafts, walk the beach and view butterfly and floral gardens.
Crown Loft Suite - This category is inclusive of our Royal Suite Class program:
Exclusive Experiences: Your Royal Genie and Concierge craft moments just for you.
Inclusive Amenities: Complimentary services and amenities make every last detail unforgettable.
Unparalled Accommodations: Retreat to the most spacious luxury suites at sea.
All staterooms and suites come complete with private bathroom, vanity area, hair-dryer, closed-circuit TV, radio and phone. Crown Loft Suite w/Balcony Two deck high stateroom with panoramic views. Two Bathrooms with shower on main and second level. Master bedroom with Royal King, measuring 72.5 inches wide by 82 inches long, size bed on second level. Private balcony with chairs, dining area with dry bar, table/desk. Living room sofa converts to double bed
Stateroom: 545 sq. ft. Balcony: 114 sq. ft.
Grand Balcony Suite - Bedroom area with two twin beds that convert to Royal King. Full bathroom with tub and two sinks. Living room with sofa that converts to double bed. Private balcony with seating area and private dining.
Sleeps up to 4.
Stateroom: 371 sq. ft. , Balcony: 105 sq. ft.
Junior Balcony Suite (J3) Quad - Bedroom area with two twin beds that convert to Royal King. Full bathroom with tub. Sitting area with sofa. Private balcony.
287 sq. ft., balcony 80 sq. ft.
1st & 2nd person
3rd & 4th person
OceanView Stateroom with Balcony (7D) Quad - Two twin beds that convert to Royal King, sitting area with sofa, full bathroom and private balcony.
182 sq. ft. Balcony 50 sq. ft.
OceanView Stateroom with Balcony (8D) - Two twin beds that convert to Royal King, sitting area with sofa, full bathroom and private balcony.
$1,174 per person
Central Park View Stateroom with Balcony (1J) -Two twin beds (can convert into queen-size), sitting area, and a private bathroom.
It's your garden. It's your starlight string quartet. It's your perfect bit of ambience right outside your door.
Stateroom: 182 Sq. Ft. Balcony: 50 Sq. Ft.
Ocean View Stateroom (6N) - Mid-DoubleTwo twin beds (can convert Queen), private bathroom and sitting area.
Interior Stateroom (3V) Quad- Two twin beds that convert to Royal King, private bathroom and sitting area.
Interior Stateroom (6V)- Two twin beds that convert to Royal King, private bathroom and sitting area.
Prices are Per Person, Double Occupancy, and subject to change.
Port Charges, Taxes & Fees $361.82
Deposit $250 per person
Important Note: Not all staterooms within each category have the same furniture configuration and/or facilities.
PLEASE CLICK TO VIEW EXCLUSIVE SHORE EXCURSIONS


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SLAC ACUTE SHORTAGE VENTILATOR PROJECT
Research was supported by the DOE Office of Science through the National Virtual Biotechnology Laboratory, a consortium of DOE national laboratories focused on response to COVID-19, with funding provided by the Coronavirus CARES Act, and through Stanford University discretionary funds allocated to SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515.
© 2020 SLAC National Lab
Icons made by Smashicons from www.flaticon.com
sanderb@slac.stanford.edu
2575 Sand Hill Road
Menlo Park, California 94025-7015


How often have you stood in front of the vast array of tubes and jars of acrylics or went past the shelves of papers with its variety of marvelous textures and colors, wondering what exactly you can do with it? And if you buy it, would you like it or even get the desired effect?
Why not try Raku Firing?
The Artists' Workshop will be holding a Raku Firing on Friday afternoon, December 1 and all day on Sunday, December 3.
Raku ware (楽焼 raku-yaki) is a type of Japanese pottery traditionally used in Japanese tea ceremonies, most often in the form of chawan tea bowls. ... In the traditional Japanese process, the fired raku piece is removed from the hot kiln and is allowed to cool in the open air.


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Edition: Los Angeles |
Latest & Greatest >
THE SEX FILES: Free The Nipple…Please!...
- Film and DVD
- Eat and Drink in LA
- SEX
- The Book Report
THE SEX FILES: Free The Nipple…Please!
Paul Lewis and Romeo Rage: Sky's Rust
Globus: Cinematica
The Real J Israel: For the Sake of R&B
Populuxe: Uneasy Listening
Bar Reviews
Events and Deals
The Daily Shortlist
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I Was There . . .
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Top 5 Lists
Published On: Fri, May 17th, 2013
The Book Report | By Ralph Greco
Palisades Park by Alan Brennert
by Alan Brennert
(St. Martin's Press)
It might be hard to imagine a place as magical as N.J.'s own Palisades Park. But back in its heyday, arguably the three decades of the 30's, 40's and 50's, this amazing amusement park on the high Hudson hill in Northern NJ was such a magical place that those who grew up going to it, or those who just only ever heard of it, have the park stamped in their memory or imagination unlike very few other spots.
Author Alan Brennert is of a generation who visited the park and evidently holds it deeply in his thoughts. His aptly named Palisades Park is a sprawling historical fictional overview of the place and its surrounding working-class suburban environs as seen through the Stopka family, and it's head, Eddie. We watch Eddie's family grow (his wife and two kids) basically as they live, play and work (Eddie and his wife Adele meet in, make love in and share a concession stand in the park) for many a year.
Basically, we get a story told around Palisades Park from the year 1922 to 1974; like I said, this is a sprawling story, some 416 pages long. It's a breezy read, full of rich descriptions of the place and time and while at times I feel Brennert overstays his hand-holding, sometimes belaboring the obvious ways his characters are feeling, Palisades Park is a fine, entertaining read that certainly throws the reader down the rabbit hole and back into a time and place gone forever.
Ralph Greco -
Set the Night on Fire: Living, Dying, and Playing Guitar With the Doors
Yes: A Visual Biography
Patch & Tweak with Moog by Kim Bjørn
Reinventing Pink Floyd by Bill Kopp
The Daily Download
[Click to play song. Click arrow to download.]
Anonymous on Sam Cooke: Portrait of a Legend 1951-1964
Anonymous on THE SEX FILES: Are You Good2Go?
Events and Deals in LA
Games, Gadgets and Tech
© 2020 Short and Sweet LA. All Rights Reserved.


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Prof Stuart Foster
stuart.foster@ucl.ac.uk
Professor of History in Education
IOE - Curriculum, Pedagogy & Assessment
Stuart Foster, in his role as Executive Director at the Centre for Holocaust Education, has provided strategic leadership for the programme since its inception in 2008. He is currently leading the IOE's ground-breaking national study of students' understanding of the Holocaust.
Stuart has been an influential figure in history education at the IOE since 2001 and has served as the Course Leader for the MA in Education (Citizenship, History and RE), tutored PGCE history students, and supervised a large number of doctoral candidates from an array of countries including Cyprus, Greece, Israel, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, UK, and the USA. From 2008 to 2011 he served as Head of the Academic Department of Arts and Humanities. Stuart began his career in education as a history teacher, head of department and senior teacher in comprehensive schools in England; he then completed his PhD in curriculum and instruction at the University of Texas, Austin, USA.
From 1996-2001, he was a tenured Associate Professor in the Department of Social Science Education at the University of Georgia, USA. As a central figure in the field of history education nationally and internationally, Stuart is regularly invited to give keynote lectures to international audiences, and in recent years has addressed history teachers and academics in Canada, France, Germany, Portugal, Ireland, Singapore, Spain, Taiwan, Turkey, Sweden and the USA.
Centre for Holocaust Education


I love good quality chocolate. There are a lot of history and strange facts to go along with the ingredients like cocoa or cacao and sugar on labels. In the beginning, sugar had nothing to do with chocolate.
1, Cocoa beans come from the fruit ( pod ) of trunks and branches of cocoa trees. They are actually seeds that are dried and fermented. The cocoa tree originated and was domesticated in Amazon forests of south and central America and at the foot of Andes mountains at least 3500 years ago.
2, Dried and Fermented seeds are ground into paste. It was consumed as a beverage by the Aztec sand Mayans who believed in its medicinal properties. The ancient people flavored the beverage with chili peppers. Cocoa beans were considered more valuable than gold and were used as money in those days.
3, It wasn't until in the 17th century that cocoa beans reached Europe. In 1828, a Dutch chemist found a way to take the bitterness out of the paste and make it into powder known as Dutch Cocoa.
4, A company called Cadbury in England started making and selling what would resemble modern-day chocolate in 1847.
5, In 1621, a Spanish ship named Nuestra Senora del Rosario del Carmen brought chocolate to North America. In 1700s, chocolate was used as a ration by the military during French and Indian War.
6, Cocoa is the world's third most traded agricultural product. It takes about 400 cocoa beans to make one pound of chocolate.
7, Every one second, Americans consume 100 pounds of chocolate.
8, It's well known that chocolate can kill dogs and cats. We humans can die too if we eat too much of it. It takes about 22 pounds of chocolate for us.
9, Chocolate is more effective for suppressing coughs than over-the-counter medication. Hate the taste of nasty cough syrups? Just eat chocolate.
10, Stressed? Smell of chocolate has a relaxing effect. There are a lot of chocolate-scented bath and beauty products on the market.
Read more by Tamami Smith here!


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 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/context.php
Context UsefulNotes / MacOS
1 [[quoteright:180:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/180px-Mac_os.png]]²²The UsefulNotes/AppleMacintosh System Software (known as Mac OS after version 7.5, followed by the UsefulNotes/{{UNIX}}-based incarnation being named Mac OS X, then OS X, then [=macOS=]) is the software that makes a Mac a Mac, more or less. Its common user-visible parts are the ''Finder'', a file management shell; the ''Desktop'', a metaphor for a real desktop managed by the Finder; the ''Apple menu'', a parking spot for small mini-applications called ''desk accessories'' (arguably succeeded by the Konfabulator-like ''Dashboard'' under [=macOS=]) and, starting with System 7, shortcuts to anything you like (mostly handed over to the ''Dock'' in [=macOS=]); and the ''Control Panel'' ("System Preferences" in [=macOS=]), where various system settings are managed. ²²Disks and files appear on the Desktop as ''icons'', representing what they actually look like in the case of drives (for example, a floppy disk will show up as a small picture of a 3.5" disk, and a hard disk will show up as, well, a hard disk), and representing what application created them in the case of documents. (If all of this sounds [[SeinfeldIsUnfunny horribly trite]], there's a reason for it: The Mac pretty much started it all.)²²!!In the beginning: The Mac 128k and 512k²²The first Macs had the majority of their OS stuffed into 64 kilobytes of [[UsefulNotes/ReadOnlyMemory ROM]], a huge amount for the time, to help conserve the machines' tiny 128 kilobytes of system [[UsefulNotes/RandomAccessMemory RAM]]. [[UsefulNotes/MagneticDisk Floppy disks]] were the only media supported, folders weren't actually implemented (the original Macintosh File System faked them using some OS trickery), and only one application could run at a time.[[note]]Technically, there could be more applications running together, but the tiny amount of memory meant that only very few specially designed ones called "Desktop Accessories" were allowed to. When the memory increased (on the Mac II and later) Andy Herzfeld hacked together a so-called Multi Finder shell that allowed limited multitasking.[[/note]] It ran on Motorola's powerful 32-bit[[note]]Internally only. Externally it has a 24-bit address bus, allowing it to address 16 Megabytes of [[UsefulNotes/RandomAccessMemory RAM]], and only 16-bit data bus, which kinda limited its performance.[[/note]] [[UsefulNotes/CentralProcessingUnit 68000 CPU]], but between the extremely limited RAM and the 16-bit-wide data bus, it was not very fast. [[RuleOfCool They sure looked cool, though.]] The later 512k upgrade made things less painful.²²!!The Mac grows up: Mac Plus, II and System 5/6²²Starting in 1986, the Mac got its first signs of becoming a usable PC. The Mac Plus added new, larger [=ROMs=] and a SCSI bus for hard drives and scanners. The Mac II was a workstation-class machine with full 32-bit addressing and massive expansion capabilities. All this required a new Mac OS, and the new code added things like color support and the Hierarchical File System (still in use in one form or another to this day). Later, [=MultiFinder=] made it possible to run more than one application at once, but most Mac users (especially on the Plus and its follow-on, the SE) didn't have the memory to use it well.²²!!System 7, Pink and Taligent²²Apple started a project in the late 1980s to completely revamp the Mac OS. According to legend, the "easy" ideas were written on blue index cards, and the "hard" ideas were written on pink index cards, thus fueling rumors about a new object-oriented OS called "Pink". While the details of Pink were worked out, Apple set about updating the existing Macintosh System Software with most of the ideas from the blue cards, and the result was Macintosh System Software version 7 (or System 7 for short), released in May 1991. ²²System 7 was a huge improvement over System 6. Fonts, extensions and drivers were much easier to manage, the Finder allowed desk accessories to run as "real" applications, and the system in general was more capable; however, this came at the cost of a lot more memory, and many older systems had trouble running it (keep in mind, System 7 was the Mac's last OS that could run in under a megabyte of RAM and disk space.)²²Apple also experimented with porting the Mac OS to other architectures for the first time with the "Star Trek" project, which more-or-less successfully moved the entire OS to an IBM-compatible PC. They also entered into discussions with longtime nemesis IBM and CPU supplier Motorola on the subject of revamping the Macintosh architecture, an agreement that became the "AIM alliance". The first order of business for AIM was making "Pink" a reality, and a new company called "Taligent" was founded to manage the project. Taligent didn't last long; conflicts between Apple, IBM, and Novell (the latter two of which had managed to get several projects of their own merged into "Pink") meant that the company had no product to show for many years. Taligent never released a full OS by the time it was shuttered, and what was developed went back to IBM and was used in their [=VisualAge=] IDE products. A few of the ideas from "Pink" made it into later revisions of System 7. ²²!!Apple stumbles: System 7.5, the [=PowerPC=], clones, [=OpenDoc=], Copland²AIM's second task was a project to move the Mac to a RISC architecture, which culminated in the combination of Motorola's 880x0 and IBM's POWER architectures to produce the [=PowerPC=] RISC architecture. Its first appearance was in 1994 with the introduction of the Power Macintosh, a line of three new Macs running the brand new [=PowerPC=] 601 CPU. The new machines were not much different from their 680x0-based ancestors on the outside, but inside, the increases in speed the RISC architecture provided were breathtaking, especially considering that 68k code had to be emulated. Using several neat tricks, including hiding a microkernel inside the Power Mac ROM, Apple managed to make the Power Macs nearly 100% software compatible with the previous Quadra range, which in turn made porting Mac OS (which was still largely in 68k code) much easier.²²The Power Macintosh also marked the beginning of another unusual chapter in Apple's history, that of the legal Macintosh clone. Almost immediately following the Power Mac's launch, Apple granted licenses for companies like Motorola and Radius to sell Mac clones, and it soon burgeoned into a substantial business. The [=PowerPC=] was received so warmly that many other companies ported their [=OSs=] to run on it, such as IBM ([=OS/2=], AIX); Sun (Solaris); Microsoft (Windows NT); and Commodore ([[UsefulNotes/{{Amiga}} AmigaOS]]). Along with this variety of operating systems, AIM intended to produce a Common Hardware Reference Platform (CHRP) which all [=PowerPC=] computers would comply with, so that any [=PowerPC=] computer could run any [=PowerPC=] operating system, including the Mac OS (similar schemes were underway by other RISC architectures, such as Digital Equipment's [=AlphaPC=] and MIPS' [=RISCPC=], both of which followed the Microsoft-championed "Advanced RISC Computer" specification). ²²Despite the high hopes for CHRP, it never gained popularity outside of Apple itself and a few machines made by IBM and Motorola as AIX workstations. The industry was already crowded with ideas that were supposed to replace the UsefulNotes/IBMPersonalComputer, and the PC market was still waiting for the years-late release of what would eventually become Windows 95. That left the Mac OS-only cloning business, which was popular, but ended up cannibalizing Apple's existing customers instead of recruiting switchers from other platforms as Apple had hoped.²²After Taligent's failure, Apple started yet more projects to update the Mac OS, chief among them the ambitious "Copland" project. Copland was intended to add "buzzword-compliance" (preemptive multitasking, modern virtual memory, kernel integration, etc.) to the OS, but ExecutiveMeddling and strife in the engineering ranks meant it was never actually finished. A second try at the project, Gershwin, never got off the ground. Separate from Copland was [=OpenDoc=], a document-centric development system and environment that developers could slice their Macintosh applications into component features with, allowing users to assemble them into full applications that could run under any OS running [=OpenDoc=]. Aside from the fact that Windows and [=OS/2=] versions of [=OpenDoc=] (developed outside Apple) were [[VaporWare extremely late]], most developers of major bloatware packages were rather unreceptive to the idea of allowing users to buy their software piecemeal and combine it with that of their competitors, so [=OpenDoc=] died off quietly for lack of software to run.²²Meanwhile, the Mac hardware was starting to outstrip the stopgap Mac OS's capabilities. Users complained about slow I/O, frequent crashes (due to a lack of memory protection), and a general lack of polish, especially in the face of Microsoft's blockbuster [[UsefulNotes/MicrosoftWindows Windows 95]] launch. Worse, the OS had several quirks in its design that dated to its early days; these design decisions, most of which were required by the first Mac's severely limited memory, made it extremely difficult to run a traditional Mac OS application in a multitasking environment without virtualization.[[note]]This, actually, was the way both OS/2 and Windows took, as PC was suffering from the same problem at the time, but post-386 PC hardware ''did'' support virtualization, and Mac didn't.[[/note]] The Copland engineers found this problem the hardest to solve, and it was probably the biggest contributor to Copland's eventual abandonment. ²²In 1995, Gil Amelio took over control of Apple, and one of the first things he did was clean up the R&D division. The new management decided that it would be best to buy another OS and build a new Mac OS around it, rather than attempt another from-scratch rewrite.²²!!The rebound begins: [=NeXT=], Mac OS 8, the iMac and Rhapsody²²After a six-month search, and briefly considering using [=BeOS=], Solaris, or even Windows NT, Apple decided to buy [=NeXT=] in late 1996, bringing founder Steve Jobs back into the fold and giving Apple a platform that was in far better shape than anything Apple had been working on internally, and (most importantly) had room to grow. OS development work turned to improving [=NeXTStep=], updating its older parts using code from [[UsefulNotes/{{UNIX}} FreeBSD and NetBSD]], making the interface more Mac-like, and writing new graphics handling code (due to Adobe restrictions on using Display [=PostScript=]). The new OS was years away, however, and something had to be done right away to make the current Mac OS salable.²²The result was Mac OS 8.0, released in 1997. Several features were rescued from Copland and placed here, including a new multithreaded Finder, and the OS in general sported the new "Platinum" theme seen in screenshots of Copland. Later versions of 8.x replaced more and more old 68k code, and starting with version 8.5, it no longer booted on 68k hardware at all.²²Apple's comeback started in earnest in 1998, with the introduction of the Bondi Blue iMac sporting the brand-new Mac OS 8.5. The iMac brought other changes, including moving to the ''[=OpenFirmware=]'' BIOS that made supporting [=OSes=] other than the original Mac OS much easier. This setup, referred to by Apple developers as "New World" after the tech note that first described it ("The Macintosh ROM Enters a New World"), put the majority of the classic Mac OS ROM in a file on the hard drive and officially made it possible to boot non-Apple [=OSes=] without workarounds. ²²Work on [=NeXTStep=]'s renovation continued briskly, and in 1999, the first version of what would become the new Mac OS was released as ''Mac OS X Server 1.0'', better known to fans by the codename ''Rhapsody''. Rhapsody was something of a shock to veteran Mac users, combining bits of the Mac OS 8.0 interface with the far different [=NeXTStep=] 4.0 GUI. There was also no way to port classic Mac applications to Rhapsody at the time, forcing Apple to develop a subset of the old Mac [=APIs=] called "Carbon" that would allow properly made programs to work on both Mac OS 8/9 and Mac OS X. Carbon was announced in early 1998, and shipped along with the first releases of the Mac OS X development tools in 1999. Along with carbon was Classic, an emulator for running Mac OS 9 inside Mac OS X (which, by the way, [[ItIsPronouncedTroPay is pronounced "oh ess ten" and not "oh ess ecks"]]; the X is a Roman numeral).²²1999 also saw the release of Mac OS 9.0. 9.0 also added better text handling (including, finally, 255-character file name and Unicode support), the Disc Burning subsystem, and more. It would be the last major version of an OS that, by this time, had remained practically unchanged at its core for well over a decade and a half.²²!!2002: The Death of Mac OS 9²Finally, by late 2001, Mac OS X was usable to the point where it was able to replace most of the old Mac OS's functionality with the release of Mac OS X 10.1. This prompted Apple to [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cl7xQ8i3fc0 perform a mock funeral ceremony]] for OS 9 at the 2002 Worldwide Developers Conference, thus officially dropping support for it and casting Mac OS X as the future. 10.1 still had some rough edges and was a bit slow, but it was quite usable for the time. Application support was still a problem, as many long-time Apple developers were still in the process of porting to Carbon then, and vast swathes of Mac OS X were still unfinished or being rewritten until Mac OS X gelled with the arrival of 10.3.²²!!The 80x86 transition²²At the 2005 WWDC, Apple dropped a bombshell on the Mac community: The Mac was moving to the 80x86 family of processors (specifically the Intel Pentium M and Core architectures), effectively making the Mac a PC clone. The main reason stated was that Apple could not get IBM and [[strike:Motorola]]Freescale to cooperate on developing a low-power version of the [=PowerPC=] G5 CPU, forcing Apple to continue using the aging G4 CPU instead in the highly popular [=PowerBook=] and [=iBook=] ranges. The G5 itself was infamously power-hungry, with many of the faster models requiring water cooling, and that meant more heat and more fan noise. This was especially irksome to Apple, as the earlier PPC G3 was one of the most efficient [=CPUs=] ever made, allowing Apple's laptops to easily hold the title of "World's Fastest" for years. Amusingly enough, Apple's abandonment of the PPC occurred just before the entire 7th generation of VideogameSystems unanimously switched to it, coinciding with enormous upgrades to the PPC architecture[[note]]In fact, early development kits for the UsefulNotes/{{XBox 360}} were Power Macintosh [=G5s=].[[/note]].²²This was met with some concern from some longtime Mac users, especially after years of Apple advertising touting the RISC-based PPC [=CPUs=] over the "snail-like" 80x86 family, but by then times had changed, and most of the standard PC's warts had long since been wallpapered over (by fusing the CISC x86 instruction set with a simple RISC architecture inside the "CRISC" CPU) or had been filled in by new UsefulNotes/{{API}}s such as ACPI. Moreover, Apple's own machines had slowly been absorbing technologies from mainstream [=PCs=], such as PCI, ATA, and USB, since the mid 1990s. Finally, Mac OS X's UNIX base made it so that changes on the underlying hardware would not severely impact the user experience, though processor-specific code (usually for math-related things like Photoshop filters) would need to be tweaked or rewritten. Much like the old Mac OS did during the 68k-to-PPC transition, Mac OS X supported "fat binaries", with code for more than one processor type inside [[note]]This was, in fact, a technology when [=NeXTStep=] transitioned to other architectures itself (PA-RISC, SPARC, i386)[[/note]]. Apple labeled applications using this trick as "Universal binaries," and added options in their developer tools to build for both x86 and [=PowerPC=] at the same time. An Intel version of Mac OS X 10.4 was first offered on new Macs immediately after the transition; 10.5 was the first and only standalone [=PowerPC=]/Intel version of the OS available in stores. Mac OS X 10.5 was also granted a license by the Open Group, certifying full compliance with the Single UNIX Specification, which means that Mac OS is now officially a version of UsefulNotes/{{UNIX}}. In 2009, Apple announced that [=PowerPC=] processors would not be supported for 10.6, making the break final.²²Things were somewhat harder on developers, though; quite a bit of older Mac OS code had been written with outside or outdated tools (such as Macintosh tools like Think, [=CodeWarrior=], and Apple's MPW or PB; or non-Mac tools like Microsoft Visual Studio) for the Carbon API. The most common, easiest way to write 80x86 programs for [=macOS=] is with Apple's Xcode IDE -- this is part of what held up Universal releases of popular apps like Adobe Creative Suite and Microsoft Office until 2007-2008. The impact was not significant on developers that had already moved to Xcode, and applications built there were some of the first to go Universal. ²²!! The 64-bit transition.²²Mac OS has had some form of 64-bit support since 10.4, but those were limited to command-line tools at the time. 10.5 had most of Mac OS's [=APIs=] move to 64-bit, notable exceptions are [=QuickTime=] (Apple suggested the use of [=QTKit=] instead), Sound Manager ([=CoreAudio=] was the replacement), [=QuickDraw=] (Quartz[=/CoreGraphics=], again, the replacement), and Carbon GUI calls[[note]]Apple at one time did say that some more modern Carbon GUI calls would be available under 64-bit, but they changed their minds[[/note]] (use Cocoa instead). Despite having 64-bit frameworks, most apps in 10.5 were still 32-bit (the Chess app being an exception). 10.6 took the large leap of making most apps 64-bit, as well as being exclusive to Intel-based Macs. It also introduced a 64-bit kernel, a first for the Mac OS. However, most drivers needed to be re-written to be used with the 64-bit kernel, and it was disabled by default except for a select few models.²²With the coming of 10.6 and 64-bit applications in common use, Carbon support under OS X is being phased out in lieu of Cocoa ([=Objective-C=] natively, bindings for many other languages exist) which means that developers of legacy Mac apps will often need to rewrite their user interface for Cocoa.²²10.7 dropped support for [=PowerPC=] emulation, making the installation smaller, but leaving many older apps in the dust. Because of this, 10.6 is still going strong. 10.7 also made the 64-bit kernel the default on supported hardware, while also requiring a 64-bit processor. 10.8 continued the trend of dropping older hardware by making it only have the 64-bit kernel, most likely due to the fact that due to the re-write of the graphics driver implementation also meant the same Macs wouldn't have accelerated graphics, and the switch from 32-bit EFI firmware interface to a 64-bit UEFI firmware meant the drivers couldn't be used with machines that only supported the older firmware.²²!! Retina support²²Apple had been grappling on how to deal with high-density displays as far back as 10.4. The [=APIs=] for handling it included support for non-integer scaling, which broke a lot of code. A break came when Apple released the [=iPhone=] 4, which doubled the width and height of the previous [=iPhone's=]. 10.7 moved away from selectable (and non-integer) scaling to [=HiDPI=] mode, which made the user think the screen resolution was a quarter of what it actually was, while properly-coded apps drew the [=GUI=] at a higher quality. In 2012, Apple released the Retina [=MacBook=] Pro, which took advantage of this feature.²²!! App Store Release²²Apple began lowering the price of Mac OS X with the introduction of Snow Leopard (10.6) making it be $30 instead of $130. This helped adoption of the new OS. With the rise of popularity of [=iOS=] and its App Store, Apple decided to make its own App Store for OS X, unoriginally dubbed the Mac App Store, with 10.6.6. Like its [=iOS=] counterpart, there was some limitations put on apps that could be put on there, such as: no installers, no access to administrator level, and most drivers couldn't be installed. Later, Apple would demand sandboxing on apps sold there. Frustrating to third-party developers, Apple's own apps sold did not follow all of those restrictions.²²Apple then did a bold move and announced that their next version of OS X, Lion, would be made available only on the Mac App Store[[note]]USB keys were available for purchase, but they were $70[[/note]]. Instead of booting off a DVD, you would download an installer. The price was lowered by $1, to $29. Mountain Lion continued the trend with its price being $20. Both versions could have an installer thumb drive made from the installer, but to do so would require some know-how or a utility. The installer would even create a small recovery partition (About 600 MB big), which could be used to repair the hard drive or reinstall the OS[[note]]re-installation would require re-downloading part of the installer[[/note]].²²Mavericks, OS X 10.9, is the first major update to the Mac OS available for free, to all compatible Macs running the latest version of Snow Leopard to Mountain Lion[[note]]if you had an older OS, you would have to purchase Snow Leopard from Apple Customer support.[[/note]]. It killed off the big cat naming scheme, instead opting for naming the new OS versions after famous spots in California. Making a bootable thumb drive was made easier due to the inclusion of a command-line utility included in the installer.²²The next release, Yosemite, completely changed the overall design of the OS, switching out the old candy-style, Aqua design for the new hotness, a flat design introduced in iOS 7. It also introduced Handoff, letting iOS and OS X communicate seamlessly.²²El Capitan, O SX 10.11, was a smaller release, appropriately named after a rock formation in Yosemite national park. It made Safari snappier, Spotlight more useful, and Notes more... noteworthy? The biggest change was the addition of Split View, letting users arrange apps side-by-side like tabs.²²Next up: Sierra. This release changed the name of the OS itself: instead of "OS X", it went with the simpler "macOS". This release brings the Mac closer to iOS, and not it's not just the name: it introduced iOS' virtual assistant Siri to the Mac, it let users pay for things online with Apple Pay, and your Apple Watch can now seamlessly unlock your Mac.²²Then in 2017, High Sierra. After several years of weed jokes at WWDC, Apple seemed to bite the bullet and make the actual OS name a weed joke. Thanks, crack research team. This release brought many much-needed improvements, such as: better H.265 video encoding, Metal 2, native developer VR support, professional editing in the Photos app, and iCloud-iMessage syncing. Perhaps the biggest change, however, was the switch over to Apple File System, after almost 20 years on HFS+.²²Finally, we come to the newest release: Mojave. Whereas macOS High Sierra was a relatively minor update, Mojave is a much more substantial release. It brings new apps like News, Home, Stocks, and Voice Memos (all ports from iPad). It also adds a much-requested system-wide Dark Mode. Perhaps the biggest update, however, is the support of [=UIKit=] apps on macOS, letting developers port iOS apps to macOS without having to completely rework the app.²²Also, as of macOS Mojave, several features are depreciated, most notably [=OpenGL=], [=OpenCL=], and 32-bit apps. ²----


Expand all. Course Description . This CGI Programming using Perl training course bridges the gap between using HTML to create static Web pages and using Perl CGI scripts to create dynamic Web pages.
Note that most of this script is used to create the HTML to be displayed by your web browser. Here is a summary of the script: Here is a summary of the script: A string is created to hold the resulting HTML.
In this part of the script we are using some ancient technique to send e-mail. It only works on Unix/Linux systems that have a working sendmail or equivalent. It only works on Unix/Linux systems that have a working sendmail or equivalent.
I am starting another project and I wish to know the best method of creating a web page via Perl. I don't want to reinvent the wheel here. The perl script must generate plain 4.0 HTML code. I am not after any bells or whistles on the page.
This makes it extremely easy to take advantage of a database and create dynamic Web pages using Perl. A commonly-used database for Web sites is MySQL , a free, open-source SQL implementation.


Your role will be to handle inbound interactions from our customers relating to orders and technical problems, and to liaise across the business to ensure we adhere to our service levels. Responding to our customers in a safe, friendly, supportive and timely manner. In return you'll enjoy extensive training, the opportunity to build a wealth of transferable skills, and on-going coaching and support to enhance your development and open progression prospects.
* Ability to learn, diagnose and relay technical information to a diverse customer base.