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7 September 1533 – Queen Anne Boleyn gives birth to Elizabeth, future Queen of England
Posted By Claire on September 7, 2019
On this day in Tudor history, 7th September 1533, at Greenwich Palace, Queen Anne Boleyn, second wife of King Henry VIII, gave birth to a healthy baby girl.
This daughter would, of course, grow up to be Queen Elizabeth I, the Virgin Queen, Gloriana, Good Queen Bess, a queen who would rule England for over 44 years.
Happy birthday to Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603)!
Find out more about her birth, the reactions and celebrations in today's talk.
You can find out more about Elizabeth I and her reign in this 60-second history video:
And about Anne Boleyn and Elizabeth in this video:
7 September 1533 – Anne Boleyn Gives Birth to the future Elizabeth I 7 September 1533 – Birth of Queen Elizabeth I 7 September 1533 – Birth of Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn The birth of Queen Elizabeth I on 7 September 1533 7 September 1533 – Birth of Elizabeth I, daughter of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII 7 September 1533 – Queen Anne Boleyn gives birth to a daughter
Categories: Anne Queen Consort, Elizabeth I
Tags: birth of Elizabeth I, Elizabeth I's birth
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39 thoughts on "7 September 1533 – Queen Anne Boleyn gives birth to Elizabeth, future Queen of England"
It's my birthday tommorow the 8th and I am getting everything ready for my party tonight, I always have them on a Saturday as its so much easier for folk, so I must of course mention our good Queen Bess, happy birthday Elizabeth you have gone down in legend as every bit an autocrat like your father, but without his cruelty, born of two strong complex personalities it was inevitable you would inherit some of their traits, it was not all doom and gloom as Chapyus stated as your gender of course, was female but you were born healthy and that was all that mattered, Chapyus was biased and reported that Anne Boleyns coronation was a meagre affair whearas it was in fact, a spectacular display of pomp and age old ceremony, Anne appears to have recovered easily from her first experience of childbirth and although both parents were a little disappointed, her birth proved that Anne could bear healthy children, why she was fated to never have any more living children is a mystery and something we have discussed many a time, but for now Anne was exhausted and Elizabeth was taken of to be swaddled and a suitable wet nurse was found for her, later Anne was to develop strong maternal feelings for her baby and delighted in having her near her as much as possible, she loved having her dressed in exquisite clothes and there was probably as element of girl playing with doll kind of thing, and for the kng, this was merely a set back sons would follow, Henry had sired a healthy boy on Bessie Blount, he could do so with Anne there was plenty of time, but there was never to be another son with Anne, she had a false pregnancy or maybe she lost it, it is shrouded in mystery like Mary Blounts pregnancy with her second husband, it is rumoured Anne was pregnant four times but some say three, what we do know is she miscarried her last baby on the day of her rivals funeral, Katherine of Aragon, and I believe from than Henry V111 decided he would never be able to have a son with Anne, it was very very tragic but her inability to give the King a son meant her downfall was inevitable and death was the only outcome for her, however now we are in September a month I have always loved because it is my birthday, the apples are falling of the trees and the leaves are turning golden brown, there is an autumnal nighttime chill in the air, balmy September, neither too hot or too cold, Queen Elizabeth1st's birthday month and mine as well, how she celebrated her birthday I do not know but she probably held a fine banquet, as for myself I have the wine and beer chilling in the fridge and have plenty of food for my guests, happy weekend everyone.
Banditqueen says:
Happy 21st Birthday, Christine for tomorrow, have a great time. My favourite article on this day is the one from a few years ago about Anne the Mother, although it might have been a mother's day article, because it is so precious. The icon of a mother's hand cradling her baby's head and the information of how much close contact Anne had with her infant daughter, taking her to work with her as it were. Anne had little Elizabeth on a cushion at her side during audiences and took great care over her wardrobe. In fact she had just ordered a load of new clothes for the rapidly growing little Princess in April 1536, as can be seen from the list of debts made in the Tower. Many of these were bonnets, probably like the one in Anne of 1000 Days when the little Elizabeth was learning to walk with a train, the moving fictitious scene when Anne is confronted and arrested. I can just imagine her red curls sticking out from under a pink bonnet.
Anyway I will have to come back to this later. I am watching the cricket highlights.
Jean North says:
Happy birthday Christine.
I have seen Princess Elizabeth's christening gown, it was at Sudeley Castle. Legend has it that Queen Anne embroidered it., Catherine of Aragon had refused to hand over a christening robe she had brought with her from Spain, I can't say I blame her, if the stories are true, it seems to be very callous to ask for it, in view of Catherine's pregnancy records.
It must have been an awful shock after all the predictions of a male heir, and suffering the confinement, and labour(without the medications of today) to be told you have given birth to a girl. I bet Anne was scared to tell Henry. Letters announcing the Prince's birth had been written and had to be quickly adjusted.
History would have been very different if Elizabeth had been a boy. We are lucky to know what a wonderful monarch she became,. I know it's fictitious but the last scene in Anne of the thousand days when the young Elizabeth is walking alone after Anne's execution and Anne says about her being a great queen, and her (Anne's) blood well spent gets me every time.
That scene always gets me all emotional. I would have loved Anne to have shouted all that at Henry in real life.
Elizabeth's christened robe is delicately beautiful and you just know a lot of love went into that gown. I really understand Katherine saying no, after all it was all she was left with of her daughter and had put her heart and soul into her daughter's gown. I still have the gown which was hand crochet for me as a baby. It is very long, I must have been swamped as I was long and skinny, the term looked like a skinned rabbit apparently was used, in jest of course. A lot of love goes into the christening gowns of a precious baby; Henry had a nerve. I don't know for certain but I can imagine Anne making this lovely gown, maybe hoping her child was a son but nevertheless she loved Elizabeth and Henry was very fond of her as well.
I wonder what happened to all those astrologers and prophets. A lot of boats heading for the continent on that evening?
Hi Bq that's lovely having in your possession your own christening gown, what a lovely keepsake! I don't know what happened to mine I think my mother must have borrowed it as she came from a large family, with the nobility and Royal and wealthy families christening gowns were handed down from generation to generation, the one that Williams and Harry's offspring was dressed in is I believe from Queen Victoria's time? They were exquisitely embroidered and in many an old country house you can see the nurseries with the playthings on display and the beautiful long christening gowns, once pure white but now tinged yellow with age, they nevertheless are proof of the love and care that their children inspired.
Hi. In my possession I have a christening gown, it is 99 years old. It was used first for my uncle who was killed in the 2nd world war, then for my mum who is 97, then my sister 72, me 67, my daughter Elizabeth 42 , my other daughter Victoria 40. Then Victoria's daughter Chloe 16, Emily 15 and Mia 14. It is very delicate now and has been lovingly packed away. I hope one of my granddaughters will use it for their children…..but not yet!!! Lol! Jean
How lovely Jean a real ancient family heirloom.
Thank you to everyone for my birthday greetings, I had some lovely presents, the christening robe Anne requested of Katherine shows how spiteful she really could be, she really was rubbing her nose in it, the woman was broken she had lost her husband, her Royal status of being Queen of England, she was banished from court and without her daughter, and here was Anne about to give birth having taken all she held dear, and she had the gall to ask for her christening robe which was her sole property, having one she had brought from Spain and which her babies had been christened in, Katherine very naturally refused exclaiming she wanted no part in anything so horrible, I have been to Sudeley but cannot remember seeing Elizabeths christening gown, but it's lovely to think Anne did embroider it, one can imagine her stitching away at the ivory silk and lace, she did make clothes for the poor when she was queen so she must have had a fine hand, it was something all well brought up ladies did, sew and embroider, Jane Seymours work was particurlaly fine and it was said she encouraged the King himself to try his hand at embroidery, I have always been interested in the toys Tudor children would have played with, I know girls had dolls, probably carved out of wood and dressed, were there swords for boys and maybe balls and bow and arrows? They had the baby walkers which shows how old there origin was, it was to help them to walk properly, I can see Elizabeth and her brother little Prince Edward tottering down the long gallery at Hatfield their nurses hovering nearby, clapping their hands, the portrait of Edward is beautiful he looks cheerful with his plump rosy cheeks dressed in his finery, they wore adult attire as the children that came after, in the centuries that followed, there were no special baby and children clothes they were like mini adults, Edward looks the picture of health in his portrait so where the myth arose that he was sickly is odd, maybe because of the dreadful time his mother had in labour but he was perfectly healthy and as he grew up he like his sisters, was very intelligent, Henry V111s first two wives had angered him but he was always enormously proud of his daughters whose skill at music and languages was well known, with Edward he obsessed about his health so his nursery was scrubbed daily, and every care was taken he did not fall foul of some horrible disease, I read in the paper recently about some child who had contracted measles and died of some illness some time after, that was what is conjectured, happened to Edward, he had caught measles and chicken pox which left him vulnerable to the infection which he suffered from a year later, his resistance was low and of course we know he died leaving England without a male monarch, before he had reached his prime, every care was taken of royal children and adults but in the end it's the body's own resistance that staves off illness's.
Wow, it must be so beautiful, a really precious family treasure. Such things are so rare today.
Anne's delivery appears to have been routine, although she apparently had some difficulties during the pregnancy. Elizabeth was healthy and perfectly formed and a Bonney babe. Henry and Anne may have been somewhat disappointed because obviously she wasn't the expected male heir and Anne had "promised" Henry a son. In Henry's eyes that was her primary duty, especially as he had turned the world upside down to get the son he desired by the woman he very much desired. The situation was perhaps a little embarrassing, as the alterations to the official notices to squeeze in an S shows. The mother was believed to have female sperm and to be responsible for the sex of the child, her diet could affect the sex and so on, so it was her fault if the child wasn't a boy. That was the mindset of the day and Henry cannot be held responsible for believing something he had been raised to accept. However, it wasn't a disaster, it wasn't the reason Anne was later executed for, it wasn't the great disappointment it is sometimes portrayed. The situation was salvaged by the fact the baby was healthy and this was a good sign, one which would mean boys would surely follow and be just as healthy. I really don't think Henry showed anything but pride in his little daughter.
The celebrations more or less proceeded as normal, bonfires were lit, free wine flowed, the Baptism was held with the usual pomp and ceremony and the noble households were well and truly represented, Elizabeth had a beautiful cradle and heraldic beasts and all of the attention of a Royal Princess, there was a grand foundation made by Holbein and she had the usual arms and rockers and attendees. The only thing missing was the tournament, reserved for a son. This was cancelled but everything else heralded Elizabeth as the King's heir until she had a brother. Elizabeth was valuable in the International Marriage Market and she was soon attracting interest from France, although enquiries were also made about Mary, still regarded as the King's true daughter.
Elizabeth was given her own household as befitting a Royal child, away from the City to protect her from disease and Mary was ordered to wait on her and found herself declared illegitimate in Parliament. From this time onwards Henry's attitude towards Mary changed, partly encouraged by Anne, because he demanded his daughter accepted her baby sister as the new heir and his now completed annulment of his marriage to her mother, the abandoned Queen Katherine. Anne visited her as often as possible as did Henry and received regular reports about her and made sure she had everything she required and was an interested mother. Elizabeth was carried about before special occasions, shown off to Ambassadors to show how perfect she was, she was paraded to Mass with great pomp, especially after Katherine died. Henry was proud of Elizabeth, even though afterwards he sometimes tried to denounce her, because she reminded him of Anne and he was trying to kid himself that he wasn't her father. There is both evidence for a temporary breakdown in her provision after Anne's death but also that Henry continued to show affection to both of his daughter's and ensured they had a splendid education. Once he had a son of course he even restored them to the succession, although both remained legally illegitimate.
The fall out from Anne Boleyns execution and the scandal and defamation of her name I think did haunt Elizabeth for some years afterwards, there were the accusations that she was the daughter of Mark Smeaton or far worse, her mothers brother, her sister Mary liked to tell anyone who was listening that she believed Elizabeth was not really her sister but Smeatons child, Elizabeth must have been aware as she grew older that many believed she was merely a bastard, it must have hurt and although she was surrounded by many of her maternal relatives, and her mothers friends the seed of doubt must have nagged at her continuously, looking in her mirror she must however have seen the strong likeness between the king and herself, she was fair skinned and red haired and had his long aquiline nose and small mouth, but these were not enough to assuage her and all her life she loved to draw comparisons between herself and King Henry, she delighted in the fact that many commented on her resemblance to him, she was told by one contemporary that her father never had any doubts she was his daughter, and although after Anne fell he was heard to mutter he believed she had slept with up to a hundred men the paternity of Elizabeth was never in doubt, but it must have been very hard for her growing up in the shadow of her infamous mother, there must have been whispers that stopped suddenly as she drew near, she must have been aware of odd looks cast in her direction, worse if she remembered her mother she would have felt her loss and one can just see the questions the pitiful cries for her mother, but her nurse would have cared more for her and she would have been in her company a lot, and Anne would have been merely a fleeting presence in her life, Elizabeth was sharp witted such children have fertile memories, she could have had some bittersweet memory of her tragic mother but as she herself declared many years later, we are more indebted to those who bring us up than those who are responsible for our birth, Elizabeth enjoyed a close relationship with a Katherine Ashley who served in her household, known as Kat, she had married a relation of Anne's and Elizabeth was very fond of her, she was also close to her cousins Mary Boleyn's children so although she walked in her mothers shame these had a positive influence on her life and how she was to regard her mother in the years ahead, whilst careful not to criticise her father which of course would be seen as treason, they must have informed Elizabeth how her mother was the victim of a plot that sadly made her father feel he had no choice but to order her death, in doing so Henry was exonerated but merely seen the victim himself like Anne, of the noxious intrigues that were rampant in the court, we will never know how Elizabeth really felt towards her parents and their doomed relationship but we know she adored her father, and whilst she was never heard to speak her mothers name in public, she acknowledged her in lots of other ways,
She had a number of ways as you say Christine, including, and I like this one the best hanging her own with her mother's falcon emblems on the banners and hangings at a dinner she held at the Guild Hall in London, had the dishes and table clothes imprinted with the arms as well. If you want to make a statement about mum, this was one everyone was going to see. Elizabeth may or may not have spoken about Anne but she certainly didn't hide the fact she was as proud of her mother as she was being the Lion's Cub, that is the daughter of Henry Viii. She inherited the fire within both of them if her temper was anything to go by and fire red hair. If she did belong to something else then mother nature slipped up; Elizabeth was meant to look startlingly like her father and act like him as well.
Yes there were lots of ways she drew attention to her mother and I too like the fact that she had Anne's falcon emblem on the hangings and her arms entwined with hers on the plates and dishes, it was as you say a statement, there were also lots of paintings of Anne done in her daughters reign, and a biography written by Wyatts grandson, so we can see how Anne began to be portrayed in a more positive light, she was the mother of the queen and began to be hailed as the mother of reform, the dark cloak that had blotted her existence from the minute her head rolled in the straw was lifted, to reveal a woman of pious and good character, a woman who instead of being seen as the monster who destroyed Roman Catholicism in England, a woman who was of a deeply perverse sexual nature a wicked woman who plotted to murder her husband the good king Henry, was instead shown as a victim of character assassination, a deeply wronged woman a martyr of the new religion, of course abroad her name was still mud, there was the ever vocal Catholic recusant Nicholas Sander spouting his nonsense, and in France the French King was calling her a bastard and ordered his son and daughter in law the Queen of Scots to bear the arms of England, but I feel Elizabeth did not worry so much about her continental neighbours as much as she did her English subjects, she was also much more fond of her mothers relatives than her fathers, maybe they reminded her of her often bruited illegitimate status, that she loved her cousin Catherine Cary there is no doubt and if she believed her to be her half sister as well that would explain the closeness, she commissioned a ring that is now housed in Chequers the country seat of the current Prime Minister, it contains a tiny locket that when opened, discloses two portraits, that of Elizabeth and another woman, many historians believe this woman to be the queens mother Anne Boleyn, the subject has been the object of much scrutiny and the sitter does resemble Anne's face in portraits of her with its high cheekbones, she also wears a gable hood and it is very alike the sitter in the Nidd Hall Portrait, it was not a recent painting as by then when commissioned the gable hood was out of fashion and the question was who could it be? Elizabeth had been very fond of her stepmother Catherine Parr yet this was debunked, one has said it could be of Elizabeth as a young girl yet why should the queen have two portraits of herself in a ring, the easy and by far most likely subject is that of her mother, it was another silent tribute to the woman whose name she never spoke and whose image she ever wore on her little finger, after her death it had to be cut off as it had been embedded so long in her flesh, proof that Elizabeth did have a deep and profound love for the woman who gave her life, and and who died in such tragic circumstances.
Michael Wright says:
Happy Belated Birthday Christine!
Happy Belated Birthday Elizabeth. Although I know many will disagree with me I see Elizabeth's reign as a nice high point to end the Tudor dynasty on.
I too love the scene in the tower between Anne and Henry in 'Anne of…. ' Historical hindsight make that scene so powerful knowing what Elizabeth became. Though it never happened I wish it had. I also love it because I love watching 2 great actors play off each other.
Thank you Michael, I would have loved to have been a fly on the wall when Anne and Henry had their rows, of course that piece was pure fiction thrown in for drama but it was great, in reality Anne never saw her husband again that fatal May Day when he got on his horse and galloped away, leaving her to reside over the May Day celebrations, I thought the bit that was daft in that film was when it showed Henry standing outside the great hall at Westminster listening in during her trial, as if a king would behave so, no Henry V111 had a habit of distancing himself from his victims after he had thrown them to the wolves, let the wheels of justice commence, and whilst Anne was locked up in the Tower the King was entertaining his new soon to be bride not far down the river.
Hi. I love that scene too and wish it had happened. I read somewhere and heard an interview with Genieve Bujold and Richard Burton and they said that after "anne" had delivered that speech the whole crew burst into applause and it had to be 're shot. Those were the days of films being chosen for the royal performance and an interval. The interval was when Wolsey goes riding off to see the pope. I have a little smile about that when I watch it.
I've visited Never many times and also Penshurst where some of the film was made. Jean
That's one stately home I have never visited and it is supposed to be very lovely, I have seen photos of it in a book I used to own, about Britains Stately homes, did not Thomas Boleyn own Penshurst Place at one time I am unsure?
Hi Jean. Very interesting about the interview. If what we saw was the second take how much more powerful must the first take have been? Her performance in that scene gives me chills.
I agree with you Christine about that scene. It makes me cringe. The movie is based on a play first performed in the late 1940's and the playwrite is the one who adapted it for the screen. I can sort of see that scene working on stage but it did not transfer well to film
Yes I heard the movie was based on a play it probably worked well on the stage as the theatre has an air of fantasy about it, for the screen however one looks for reality or closeness to it, at the beginning of the film the King was in Hampton Court when Cromwell arrived and he asked him nervously what the verdict to Annes trial was, that was daft as well as he knew perfectly well what the verdict would be, the jury were handpicked for their biased opinion of the queen and the sword had been ordered prior to the trial, a guilty verdict was the only verdict that would satisfy the King and Cromwell, I agree it is a great movie but I do wish producers and directors would show history how it actually occurred, when they decide to put it on the silver screen.
That opening scene does not work in a movie but that is a great way to begin the play. I've said this before- The 118yrs between 1485 & 1603 are so full of drama and excitement that when any movie or TV show is drawn from here there is really no reason to change a word to make it more interesting.
Good Afternoon Ladies and Michael, I loved everything about Anne of 1000 Days, yes, of course it had Henry painted up like the stitched up victim, rather than his innocent wife and Cromwell was the arch crook of the plot, but I really loved that opening scene, because it had Henry in a quandary, looking back on his life with the woman he had passionately loved and was about to destroy. I thought as a dramatic device it worked very well. For me it works because it actually underpinned the harsh reality, which was that Henry knew full well his wife was innocent and, as in the mirrored scene near the end of the film when Henry signs her death anyway, even though he knows it.
You need both scenes to compliment the Tower scene which is possibly one of the most cinematic and passionate and dramatic discourse scenes in cinema history. Genevieve Bujold, French Canadian, beautiful, petite, genuine French accent, flashing beautiful eyes and sparkling, hair down and somewhat untidy, looking tired yet defiant against a larger than life Richard Burton, going from humble to outrage and flame in the same scene, which was sometimes loving, sometimes filling with anger and passionate outrage, was brilliant. Henry may have had the intention to try and save Anne as he entered her cell or find out the truth but Anne flings it all back in his face, despite being glad to see him, the shouting begins and Anne's speech following the famous words we now love, cut him to the quick. His honour is broken, his wife disrespectful of his status as usual, fired off arrow after arrow; Henry beats a retreat and we return to Henry in his chambers with Cromwell. Anne had lied to him, Elizabeth was his, she wasn't unfaithful, but must die anyway, because she lied to him. Oh, so now we get it Henry, Anne is dying because she is an inconvenience, she is disrespectful, she challenged him and made him look a fool. That one thing; Henry signing Anne's death warrant, with the realisation his wife is actually innocent, because she lied to him, revealed Henry at his worst, his callous disregard for anything anymore than his hurt honour and pride. Looking back now, it is brilliant, a very simple dramatic device which revealed Henry Viii as heartless.
The one scene I thought was naff was Henry hiding at the Court, listening behind a screen when he was actually miles away. It didn't add anything to the film, not even when Henry questioned Mark Smeaton himself. The only thing which it did do was use Henry as the media by which it is revealed that the evidence was made up. This is actually clever, if a bit naff, because Henry asks when and where it all happened and Smeaton comes out with stuff like "Greenwich" Henry says she was with him at Greenwich, " Westminster " nonsense the Court was elsewhere on that date: you see where I am going…then BOOM!!! "Anywhere, everywhere, whenever, wherever she wanted it" the " various " times and dates, taken from the actual indictments. Cromwell is being shown to the audience as having planted and invented the evidence, the dates don't make sense and Anne or the men were not present at the alleged rendezvous at the alleged times. Yes, it is a bit naff in the way Henry is there, but it does have a very good purpose for conveying information, rather than Cromwell reading out pages of indictments and we also get the vital information that Anne and Henry or the men where not even at the places she was alleged to have committed adultery and treason; Cromwell invented the said dates and places to make his case.
Henry, of course was off with Jane Seymour by this time and waiting for news of his wife's execution. Henry distanced himself, as was probably correct, from the proceedings. The presence of the monarch at a trial was actually rare and would have been scene as prejudicial. Since the time of Henry iii, the Royal Justice was in theory actually available to everyone in the form of his judges who went from place to place bringing the same justice as could be found in the Kings Bench at the High Court of Justice, London. Not that a King could not or didn't intervene if appealed to, but they didn't need to hear cases themselves. Henry was probably embarrassed by his wife's trial as well, he distanced himself, he distracted himself from reality and instead in this case he was off having a good time, almost as if poor Anne was already dead the moment she entered the Tower. He did the same thing when Thomas Cromwell was executed, getting married on the same day, miles away in the English countryside at Oatlands Palace to Kathryn Howard and again he is rumoured to have had a banquet with a lot of beautiful women after she was executed. Unlike James I he didn't attend the execution either.
Henry V111 was I think embarrassed by Annes trial, it showed him upto the world as well as his own country that he had been a cukold, and the speed at which she fell was very unusual, that alone invites suspicion, it was Cromwells plan but I can see it must have made the king squirm when the idea was put to him, that of having the queen charged with adultery and high treason, the film portrayed that marvellously with the King ( Burton) telling him rather goodnaturedly to get out, but it showed him deep in thought when he was on his own and you could see the idea going like quicksilver through his mind, the atmosphere was ominous, was that what had happened ? Did Cromwell put that idea to the King as it was a sound way of ridding himself of his irritating wife, Cromwell said later he had thought the idea up, but what history is silent on is did the King know about it or was he fooled into believing Annes guilt by his chief minister? That he must have told Cromwell he wanted out of this cursed marriage is obvious and Cromwell was left to find a plan in order to make that possible, Anne was youngish by Tudor standards and healthy, it would not do to simply strangle her in her bed and make out she had caught a malady and died, or have an arrow carelessly find its way into her neck whilst out hunting, murder was easy but it had to be seen to look legal, with no hint of suspicion aimed at the King, Cromwell put his master plan into action and we hear of Henrys shock and outrage when the queens infidelities came to light, did he express too much shock what we do know is his unnatural joyful attitude was arousing suspicion as Chapyus noted, 'he wears his horns lightly I guess you to wonder why', we will never know if Henry colluded with Cromwell in Annes adultery or if he was innocent, but Cromwells boast after her death that it had been his own handiwork shows he knew he had the Kings protection, and the queens downfall was very convenient to Henry as he was in love with her lady in waiting and married her in just under two weeks, at her trial the question of his impotence was raised which must have been highly embarrassing and several years later, another queen of his was confined to her quarters on her earlier behaviour in her grandmother's household, this time the Kings rage was great he had been in love with his fifth queen and it transpired she had been meeting with a gentleman of the kings household and worse, a former love of hers was now in her own household, no doubt embarrassed by this he wanted no trial and his queen was found guilty by attalnder, at least Anne had a chance to defend herself, we can see Henry was really irked by what Europe was thinking about his two queens infidelities, he was genuinely saddened and fell into a deep depression at Catherine Howard's death so different from his behaviour after his second queen was executed.
Anne's trial was embarrassing alright, or rather the separate trial of her brother, George, her alleged lover, especially when he read out that comment that the King wasn't skilled in bed and couldn't satisfy a woman. This was in front of a crowd of 2000 commoners and I can imagine the laughter. George had been told not to read out the charges on the paper he was given, but as he already knew that he had nothing to lose as his life was almost certainly forfeit anyway, he read it and Henry's reputation as a lover was undermined. It was just as well King Henry wasn't there because I can just imagine this would be the moment he really would burst into the Court and challenge such insolence.
It is very much the stuff of debate as to who initiated the conspiracy to bring down Anne and when. Henry himself, Cromwell himself, Henry and Cromwell, Cromwell and the Conservatives or a series of unfortunate events are all theories which have previously been debated several times on this site and others. Henry did seek advice on the possibility of annulment in February and March but he certainly did nothing to act on this idea and apparently he was still committed to his Queen as late as early April 1536. However by 18th that had all changed and Anne's fall was swift in the following two weeks. The fall out came on 29th and 30th April after a weekend of arguments and foolish words, namely Anne's public arguments with Henry Norris and then her husband, with the first arrests. The fall guy for the Government was the musician in the service of Henry and Anne, Mark Smeaton who was pressurised by Cromwell into confessing to adultery with the Queen. He named two others, including Henry Norris and the trap was sprung. Cromwell had his victims and the case began to take shape.
The most likely scenario is that Henry who was fed up with Anne and wanted to marry someone not quite like a firework, Jane Seymour, by whom he still held out the remote hope of having a living legitimate son and heir, expressed this wish to Cromwell and left the means to him. Henry wanted a more permanent solution by the end of April but who the real instigator was is unclear. Cromwell had his own agenda for being rid of the Queen and his own star became hitched to the rising Marian facton, the Seymour family and their allies. He disagreed with her over the use of the monies from the monasteries and over foreign policy and he was a,supporter of Princess Mary. He was also loyal to the King and couldn't have done anything without Henry's say so. I believe Cromwell came to know Henry wanted a more permanent solution to the ending of his marriage to Anne and he took advantage with his own agenda, putting the legal apparatus in place and bringing the so called evidence to the King ready for His Majesty to give the order to open an investigation into the Queen on the accusations of adultery. Fortunately for Cromwell, Anne provided him with the opportunity to act on these rumours. Her careless words to Henry Norris angered Henry and he gave Cromwell permission to do what he needed to find out the truth. Cromwell soon had one confession and two suspects at least and within a couple of days, 1st and 2nd of May the Queen, her brother, Norris and Smeaton were in the Tower. By the time the Grand Juries met in Kent and Middlesex on 10th and 11th May, the set up was completed. The legal apparatus was in place before any arrests had been made and these juries were rigged, the indictments were invented and the conspiracy clearly began well in advance of Anne's arrest. Henry and Cromwell were working together in this and the simple fact is Henry wanted Anne gone and he didn't care how it went down. If a way could be found to have her killed, he was ruthless enough to go along with it and Cromwell only too ready to do the dirty work.
Hi Claire. You truly are the 'Tudor Fairy'. Such wonderful goodies. As you know I am a magazine-only memb of the Tudor Society and I want to give a big thank you for opening up the magazines all the way back to the first issue. I downloaded the few I didn't have. Looking forward to reading the earlier editions. I posted here because it's actually easier since I'm on my phone.
The Tudor goodies are wonderful Claire I'd like to say a big thank you too.
Thanks for the wonderful offer of three free courses with an annual subscription and for such a value price which I have signed up for and for sorting out the gremlins. I have enjoyed the site for almost three years now and it is really worth it, the videos and magazines have a lot of work put into them. If you want to spoil yourself this is an offer not to be missed. The magazines really are high definition and good quality, although smaller definitions are available, without losing quality. I have read dozens of articles and they are all to be recommended and scholarly as well as well documented. There is something for all Tudor nuts or just for the curious as well as articles on the Wars of the Roses and a number of guest and expert talks to follow and chats twice a month. Excellent site and well worth every penny.
Thanks again, Claire and Tim and Happy 5th Anniversary.
Hi it's been a while since this post is anyone else missing our Claire ?
Sorry, I haven't really been coping. I've had some health issues and been under the weather and so with my research, writing, Tudor Society and videos I just haven't been able to do much more. Juggling and drowning!
Oh bless you I'm sure I am not the only one who sends you the heartiest of good wishes and best of luck, i hope your getting good treatment and Tim and family are looking after you, I'm sure they are.
Hi Claire, sorry to hear you are struggling. Keeping up with everything must be hard, especially with headaches and other health problems. You just rest and don't worry about the videos until you feel better. Take it easy and get well. All the best.
I'm sure Christine speaks for all of us. Just get well. We're not going anywhere.
If you ever get a few bob for your birthdays or Christmas, then I highly recommend one of the Medieval Courses which have been published on the site. I am currently part way through the one on Anne Boleyn and have really enjoyed it up to now. I was lucky to get a package of three courses with my annual membership of the Tudor Society which was a five year birthday special offer, so I have a lot of fun to come. The courses are very well done, you get about a dozen units or modules, with a video of about 15 to 20 minutes and a short test to submit and links to other resources, such as family trees, original sources, further readings and other links. Once you have signed up you can take as long as you wish to complete each course and access for all time. Impressive bibliography and recommendations for further reading just make you want more. Claire, as we all know is our expert in residence on Anne and very knowledgeable and she is running the Life of Anne Boleyn Course with her usual fascinating detail, professional presentation and wonderful details. I am really enjoying and heartily recommend it or any of these well produced and deeply researched courses at Medieval Courses.com.
Again, take care, Claire and get well soon. Have a good rest.
Thank you BQ. I had not known anyone who had taken one of these courses so the positive review is most appreciated.
Thanks, Michael.
A very interesting interview on the 'Talking Tudors' podcast with Dr. Kristin Bundesen on the Knollys Carey family.
Katherine Boleyn says:
"a true virgo"


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Q: How can I use a recursive regex or another method to recursively validate this BBcode-like markup in Python? I am attempting to write a program that validates documents written in a markup language similar to BBcode.
This markup language has both matching ([b]bold[/b] text) and non-matching (today is [date]) tags. Unfortunately, using a different markup language is not an option.
However, my regex is not acting the way I want it to. It seems to always stop at the first matching closing tag instead of identifying that nested tag with the recursive (?R).
I am using the regex module, which supports (?R), and not re.
My questions are:

*

*How can I effectively use a recursive regex to match nested tags without terminating on the first tag?

*If there's a better method than a regular expression, what is that method?
Here is the regex once I build it:
\[(b|i|u|h1|h2|h3|large|small|list|table|grid)\](?:((?!\[\/\1\]).)*?|(?R))*\[\/\1\]
Here is a test string that doesn't work as expected:
[large]test1 [large]test2[/large] test3[/large] (it should match this whole string but stops before test3)
Here is the regex on regex101.com: https://regex101.com/r/laJSLZ/1
This test doesn't need to finish in milliseconds or even seconds, but it does need to be able to validate about 100 files of 1,000 to 10,000 characters each in a time that is reasonable for a Travis-CI build.
Here is what the logic using this regex looks like, for context:
import io, regex # https://pypi.org/project/regex/

# All the tags that must have opening and closing tags
matching_tags = 'b', 'i', 'u', 'h1', 'h2', 'h3', 'large', 'small', 'list', 'table', 'grid'

# our first part matches an opening tag:
# \[(b|i|u|h1|h2|h3|large|small|list|table|grid)\]
# our middle part matches the text in the middle, including any properly formed tag sets in between:
# (?:((?!\[\/\1\]).)*?|(?R))*
# our last part matches the closing tag for our first match:
# \[\/\1\]
pattern = r'\[(' + '|'.join(matching_tags) + r')\](?:((?!\[\/\1\]).)*?|(?R))*\[\/\1\]'
myRegex = re.compile(pattern)

data = ''
with open('input.txt', 'r') as file:
    data = '[br]'.join(file.readlines())

def validate(text):
    valid = True
    for node in all_nodes(text):
        valid = valid and is_valid(node)
    return valid

# (Only important thing here is that I call this on every node, this
# should work fine but the regex to get me those nodes does not.)
# markup should be valid iff opening and closing tag counts are equal
# in the whole file, in each matching top-level pair of tags, and in
# each child all the way down to the smallest unit (a string that has
# no tags at all)
def is_valid(text):
    valid = True
    for tag in matching_tags:
        valid = valid and text.count(f'[{tag}]') == text.count(f'[/{tag}]')
    return valid

# this returns each child of the text given to it
# this call:
# all_nodes('[b]some [large]text to[/large] validate [i]with [u]regex[/u]![/i] love[/b] to use [b]regex to [i]do stuff[/i][/b]')
# should return a list containing these strings:
# [b]some [large]text to[/large] validate [i]with [u]regex[/u]![/i] love[/b]
# [large]text to[/large]
# [i]with [u]regex[/u]![/i]
# [u]regex[/u]
# [b]regex to [i]do stuff[/i][/b]
# [i]do stuff[/i]
def all_nodes(text):
    matches = myRegex.findall(text)
    if len(matches) > 0:
        for m in matches:
            result += all_nodes(m)
    return result

exit(0 if validate(data) else 1)

A: Your main issue is within the ((?!\[\/\1\]).)*? tempered greedy token.
First, it is inefficient since you quantified it and then you quantify the whole group it is in, so making the regex engine look for more ways to match a string, and that makes it rather fragile.
Second, you only match up to the closing tag and you did not restrict the starting tag. The first step is to make the / before \1 optional, \/?. It won't stop before [tag] like tags with no attributes. To add attribute support, add an optional group after \1, (?:\s[^]]*)?. It matches an optional sequence of a whitespace and then any 0+ chars other than ].
A fixed regex will look like
\[([biu]|h[123]|l(?:arge|ist)|small|table|grid)](?:(?!\[/?\1(?:\s[^]]*)?]).|(?R))*\[/\1]

Do not forget to compile it with regex.DOTALL to match across multiple newlines.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
September 2 – 5 Key Stories From The Digital World
By Nabyl Charania September 2, 2019 Insight
1. Kaszek Ventures raises $600 million in two funds as Latin America's startup market booms
new commitments (raised in roughly two months) put Kaszek's total capital under management at roughly $1 billion, making the firm the first local early-stage investor to hit that milestone
In the eight years since Hernan Kazah and Nicolas Szekasy launched Kaszek Ventures in 2011, the startup ecosystem in Latin America has experienced a renaissance, with investments in the region surging to nearly $2 billion in 2018
Standouts from the firm's $200 million third investment vehicle include NotCo, a new food company working on a range of products, from vegetarian ice cream and mayonnaise to replacement meat patties
2. Nike's Adapt Huaraches will let you ask Siri to unlace your shoes
Users (wearers?) can say, "Siri, release my shoes" on their Apple Watch or iPhone through the Nike Adapt app to unlace their shoes
Adapt Huaraches feature the same neoprene bootie and supportive exoskeleton as the original 1991 Air Huaraches, but they add two LED lights that can change colors via the app
app will offer preset modes that can be set to different colors and change fits depending on your foot type and activity (like if you're just chilling in the office or on the move during a commute)
3. Alibaba, the $435 billion Chinese shopping giant, is gunning for Amazon in Europe
falls under its AliExpress banner – the consumer shopping side of its business – and functions like a showroom where shoppers can come and browse and test its mix of products and then buy these online
move into brick and mortar in Europe is all part of Alibaba's grand plan to grow its global market share and take on Amazon, whose annual revenue is more than four times the size of its own
While Alibaba occupies 56% of the market share in China and its user base is growing at a rapid rate – 674 million people actively shop on its platform each year and it added 121 million active users in the last quarter – it still has some way to go to keep up with Amazon internationally
4. How an AI archive platform is helping a Victorian library keep up with data
artificial intelligence-based proof-of-concept solution to remove the manual work involved with cataloguing and searching through library archive databases
developed the prototype solution using Azure Blob Storage to store the files, Azure Cognitive Services to create meta information of each file, and Microsoft AI to create a searchable catalogue
Prior to building this platform for the last 20 years, the library had been manually cataloguing its archive database
5. Didi Chuxing to launch self-driving pick up service in China, plans to expand abroad
service will allow passengers who hail a vehicle in the city's Jiading district via Didi's app to choose to be picked up by a self-driving car
Didi is also in talks with Toyota Motor Corp (7203.T), with which it set up a joint venture last month focused on mobility services, on self-driving technology
Tech giants such as China's Baidu Inc (BIDU.O) and Alphabet Inc's (GOOGL.O) Waymo as well as traditional carmakers have been racing to put full commercial self-driving vehicles on the road
artificial intelligenceecommerceself drivingventure capital
Get Nabyl's Insights On Exponential Technologies And Thriving In The Digital Age
© 2019 Nabyl Charania. Privacy Policy.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I have to log in everytime I open the game, even if I go to it from my Facebook candy crush message. Like this person send something, I click on that come in the game and then it has to log in again..
In candy crush and candy crush saga..
Hey Mnonh, If you have the Facebook app installed make sure you select the option to stay logged in. This should then reflect with your games saving you having to log in again and again.


The Iqaluit Alluriarkvik Justice Committee is looking for three middle generation community members.
The Clyde River Sulugaaq Community Justice Committee is looking for members.
The Arctic Bay Tininniq Justice Committee is looking for members.
Bill 19, the Unlawful Property Forfeiture Act, was approved unanimously by the Legislative Assembly on March 13, 2017.
The Arctic Bay Tininniq Justice Committee is looking for two members - one individual on a one-year term, and another on a three-year term.
The Igloolik Avaalaqiat Justice Committee is looking for members.
The Pond Inlet Ikurrait Justice Committee is looking for members.
The Resolute Bay Justice Committee is looking for members.
The Pangnirtung Kanguit Justice Committee is looking for members.
The Cambridge Bay Justice Committee is looking for members.


Prime high-profile location with large windows & glass doors offering 3 rooms, wet-bar area & powder room. Next door to Bernardsville Hardware. Freshly painted and carpeted. Shared large parking lot. Gas & electricity responsibility of tenant. Interior changes responsibility of tenant.Changes must be approved by landlord. No beauty or nail salons, restaurants, hardware stores or chiropractors. Sign to be approved by landlord and Borough of Bernardsville.


text:
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Guide to Book Proposals
Language Learning and Teaching in a Multilingual World
Author: Marie-Françoise Narcy-Combes, Jean-Paul Narcy-Combes, Julie McAllister, Malory Leclère, Grégory Miras
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The majority of people around the world live in multilingual societies, and so it follows that plurilingualism should be considered normal. This book proposes a flexible and adaptive framework for designing and implementing language learning environments and tasks, which will be useful for practitioners working in classrooms where many languages are already spoken. The authors begin by presenting a state-of-the-art review of current research on language learning, language teaching and multilingual language acquisition. This is followed by a qualitative review of 37 multilingual research projects, which are treated as case studies to inform the practical guidance that constitutes the remainder of the book. The information and practical framework contained within this book will be of interest to researchers, teachers and teacher educators.
This book is an essential resource for researchers and students concerned with the design, empirical investigation and evaluation of language learning environments in multilingual contexts. It provides a wide-ranging and admirably compact overview of theoretical issues, summarizes and comments illuminatingly on 37 published case studies, and explores the practicalities of programme design. An indispensable reference tool and handbook.
David Little, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
This book focuses on how recent research findings on language learning have been implemented in classrooms. As French academics with strong connections to the North African, European and Anglophone spheres, the authors offer a fresh and dynamic take on issues associated with multilingualism and language teaching around the world.
Jean-Marc Dewaele, Birkbeck, University of London, UK
Marie-Françoise Narcy-Combes is Professor Emeritus at the Université de Nantes, France.
Jean-Paul Narcy-Combes is Professor Emeritus at the Université Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris, France.
Julie McAllister is Senior Lecturer at the Université de Nantes, France.
Malory Leclère is Senior Lecturer at the Université Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris, France.
Grégory Miras is Senior Lecturer at the Université de Rouen, France.
PART I - Reference Theories: Inter-Relationships and Complementarities
Chapter 1. Neurophysiology, Cognition and Language
Chapter 2. Language and Cognitive Development in a Plurilingual Perspective
Chapter 3. Multilingual Practices
Chapter 4. Psycholinguistics and SLA: Useful Constructs Revisited
Chapter 5. Cultures, Affects and Identities
Chapter 6. The Potential of Information and Communication Technology for Language Learning
Chapter 7. Context
PART II - Multilingual Practices in Action
Chapter 8. Organisation of the Study
Chapter 9. North America
Chapter 10. Africa
Chapter 11. European Large-Scale Projects and Intercomprehension Networks
Chapter 12. European Small-Scale Projects
Chapter 13. Telecollaboration
Chapter 14. Learning Languages in Multilingual Contexts: Where are we Now?
Chapter 15. When Theory and Practice Meet
PART III - Designing Contextualised Language Learning Environments in a Plurilingual Perspective
Chapter 16. Multilingual Language Learning and ICT
Chapter 17. Designing Courses and Tasks in a Multilingual Perspective
Chapter 18. Modelling the Work
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Step 1 Tie your hair back in a loose ponytail using a hair elastic.
Step 2 Find the center of your length of lace and hold it up to your head (leave your fringe / bangs out) wrap both ends around your head and tie in a double knot underneath your ponytail.
Step 4 Continue criss crossing till you get as far down as you wish then tie in a knot / pretty bow.
Step 5 Pull a few pieces out at the sides to fatten up your 'faux braid'.
There you have it ~ an easy peasy pretty 'do perfect for bridal showers, garden weddings and, with a bit more prep, it could even make a lovely boho bridal hairstyle too.


text:
Turkish Electoral Council: Erdogan Receives Absolute Majority of Votes
© Photo : DHA
Incumbent Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan gathered the support of an absolute majority of voters, who participated in the presidential election, Sadi Guven, the president of the Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey said Sunday citing preliminary results.
"A total of 97.7 percent of ballots have been processed. President Erdogan received an absolute majority of votes. The Justice and Development Party, Nationalist Movement Party, Republican People's Party, Good party, and Peoples' Democratic Party cleared the 10-percent threshold," Sadi Guven told reporters.
According to the Anadolu news agency, Erdogan's main opponent, Muharrem Ince from the Turkish opposition Republican People's Party (CHP), has managed to gain 30,7 percent of votes.
At the same time, Erdogan's ruling Justice and Development Party (AK) got almost 53 percent of votes in the parliamentary election, while CHP has received 22,7 percent and the pro-Kurdish Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) gained 11,6% after more than 90 percent of votes were counted.
Commenting on his victory, Erdogan said Sunday that his government would continue to respond to those who threaten Turkey via terror organizations. He called on his country to focus on the future after the election, and renewed his determination to improve rights and freedoms in the country.
© AP Photo / Presidential Press Service/Pool
Erdogan Calls on Turks to 'Give West Lesson' at Upcoming Presidential Election
Moreover, speaking to his supporters at his ruling AK Party's headquarters in Ankara, Erdogan emphasized that Turkey would act more decisively against terrorist organizations.
The incumbent urged that his re-election was a public mandate and that there would be "no turning back" on the economic path he and his ruling AKP party had plotted for the country.
"Our people have given us the job of carrying out the presidential and executive posts," he said in a short speech from Istanbul, Reuters reported. "I hope nobody will try to cast a shadow on the results and harm democracy in order to hide their own failure."
Although more than 90 percent of the votes have been counted according to TVS, Turkey's main opposition party urged that the result was too close to call Sunday night.
Bulent Tezcan, the spokesman for the main opposition CHP, said at a news conference that votes from the largest cities had not yet been counted and predicted that the elections would enter a second round. He cited what he said was his party's own data, which showed that only 39 percent of the votes had been counted and that Erdogan's percentage of the vote was only 51.7 percent at that time.
The elections were originally scheduled for November 2019, but were moved up to June by Erdogan himself. The preliminary elections were crucial to enforce the new constitution introduced after a referendum in April 2017.
© AP Photo / Hussein Malla
Turkey Moves to Extend State of Emergency Despite Opposition's Calls for 'Immediate' Lifting
Erdogan has served in Turkey's highest political office since 2014, also serving as its prime minister from 2003 to 2014. He is the founder of the Justice and Development Party (AKP).
On July 15, 2016, the Turkish military attempted to remove Erdogan from office, but the coup d'etat was suppressed and widespread purges of the civil and military ranks followed. Erdogan's government blamed a Muslim cleric, Fethullah Guelen, once Erdogan's political ally, but now exiled and living in the US.
Turkish Election Likely to Have 2 Rounds, End in Erdogan's Victory - Analysts
Can Erdogan Retain Power? Turkey on Verge of Presidential Election
'Time of the Dawn of Turkey': Erdogan Announces Construction of Antarctic Base
Erdogan: Turkey Plans to Accept 40Mln Tourists in 2018
Turkey to Use Russia's S-400 Air Defense Systems If Necessary, Erdogan Says
vote counting, reelection, victory, election, Justice and Development Party (AKP), Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Turkey


Ken Marshall has mounted a solo exhibition of his artwork at the Arts Mosaic gallery in Virden for the month of March.
He is well-known in Virden as a chiropractor, artist, luthier, potter and musician.
He created the full-sized stand-up bass that was used several years ago in Virden Chorale's musical, Crazy For You, the main prop in one scene. He currently plays a handmade mandolin, also his own work.
After living in the deep south of Georgia and Canada's West Coast, Dr. Marshall returned to his prairie roots in the late 90s. His practice and studio are in Virden.
His work is on display at the CPR Historic Centre Gallery until March 27.


text:
Listen: Industry Traceback Group, IPG, U.S. discussed on Telecom Reseller
"The reason I mention all of that is not only to amplify what I mean by monitoring as part of these pillars, but also it's really important for enforcement because from an enforcement perspective, typically one needs to engage in what's referred to as a trace pack. And the wage trace back works is part of U.S. telecom as the industry traceback group. They need to have all of the details so that they can form a trace back, which essentially is looking back through the network looking at IP addresses and things of that nature to determine where a call came from. However, there's only limited resources to do that. And so there needs to be some type of trigger or impetus to do a trace back. So you email happens to be one of the preferred providers to the IPG, meaning that when we come to them as the trace back, they know that we have the proof of wrongdoing, meaning that we have an illegal or completely fraudulent robocall. So that kind of gets us in the queue to get it done. The other thing too to keep in mind is there is a cost associated with it. So you wouldn't want to sort of really nilly go to the it like your experimenting because you think something might be illegal or fraudulent because then you wind up paying a fee and wasting your time wasting their time and also engage in an expenditure. But having said that, though, if you do have the evidence of wrongdoing, it's really important because to have true deterrence, there needs to be the enforcement angle where once you do a trace back, you have the ability to prove where it's coming from, and then you have the ability to either go directly to the bad actor if possible or at least go to the first point of interface.."
Telecom Reseller
Industry Traceback Group, IPG, U.S. discussed on Telecom Reseller
Industry Traceback Group IPG U.S.
The reason I mention all of that is not only to amplify what I mean by monitoring as part of these pillars, but also it's really important for enforcement because from an enforcement perspective, typically one needs to engage in what's referred to as a trace pack. And the wage trace back works is part of U.S. telecom as the industry traceback group. They need to have all of the details so that they can form a trace back, which essentially is looking back through the network looking at IP addresses and things of that nature to determine where a call came from. However, there's only limited resources to do that. And so there needs to be some type of trigger or impetus to do a trace back. So you email happens to be one of the preferred providers to the IPG, meaning that when we come to them as the trace back, they know that we have the proof of wrongdoing, meaning that we have an illegal or completely fraudulent robocall. So that kind of gets us in the queue to get it done. The other thing too to keep in mind is there is a cost associated with it. So you wouldn't want to sort of really nilly go to the it like your experimenting because you think something might be illegal or fraudulent because then you wind up paying a fee and wasting your time wasting their time and also engage in an expenditure. But having said that, though, if you do have the evidence of wrongdoing, it's really important because to have true deterrence, there needs to be the enforcement angle where once you do a trace back, you have the ability to prove where it's coming from, and then you have the ability to either go directly to the bad actor if possible or at least go to the first point of interface..


These Sriracha bacon onion rings that I made on my Char-Broil Big Easy give new meaning to kicked-up goodness. I mean, come on, what could be better than Sriracha and bacon? Now, these rings don't get all super crispy like they've been deep-fried, but they more than make up for that with flavor. You can't possibly make enough of these to satisfy your guests.
You can serve the rings 'as-is', or do as I did and mix a few squirts of Sriracha and Ranch dressing together and use that as a dipping sauce. The cool Ranch helps cool off the spicy goodness, but it doesn't hide it. Heck, I added Sriracha to it so it's not like it's wimpy.
You can't fit a whole bunch of Sriracha bacon onion rings on the standard basket that comes with your Big Easy. To really make a batch, you'll need the Big Easy cooking rack available from Char-Broil. It adds a lot of cooking room. You can read my evaluation of the rack by clicking here.
Love your Big Easy as much I love mine? Check out my Big Easy Add-Ons page and my free Big Easy eCookbook!
In order to cook the full recipe amount below you'll need the Big Easy cooking rack. Otherwise, you'll have to divide the recipe up. Or at least use a Big Easy Bunk Bed basket to double the amount you can cook at once.
Fire up your Big Easy.
Slice the onion into thick 'steaks' about 1/2" thick.
Push out the inner rings (save for another use), leaving the last two outer rings still together as one. Do not separate them. Note: If the rings are particularly thick then you can separate them as cook them as single rings.
Place the rings on your Big Easy rack and lower into the Big Easy.
Cook the rings until the bacon just starts to crisp. Gently flip them and cook another 10-15 minutes. Remove to a baking sheet and let firm up a bit.


By Scott Severs, CFA, CFP at Garde Capital, Inc.
Managing an investment portfolio means coming to some agreement about risk and responsibilities. The best way to do this is to create a document called an investment policy statement (IPS). Contrary to popular belief, the IPS does not need to be a 20-page manifesto. It can be as simple as one page, but it should accomplish three specific things: (1) Identify your framework for risk, (2) define a spending policy, and (3) state your expectations for the advisor including requirements for performance measurement and frequency of reporting. This document should then be shared with your candidates as you move forward in the process.
Choosing an investment advisor is a wonderful opportunity to make a valuable difference for your organization. Using these suggestions as a guide, you will be able to proceed with confidence and take positive steps to ensure the long-term success of your mission. For sample IPS or RFP templates, feel free to contact me directly.


Trees can be stressed by city life just like us. Cars, pollution, home improvement projects that take too long, summer heat and other factors cause urban trees to live significantly shorter lives than trees growing in natural settings.
Urban tree stress affects trees in your community parking lots, streets, parks, your home and anywhere city conditions cause less than desirable factors for tree health and safety.
Unlike an insect infestation or vascular disease that can be managed with a single treatment option, urban tree stress almost always requires a comprehensive approach.
Knowing what to look for, and the right questions to ask, will help you gather the information that a Department of Conservation expert or your local private arborist needs to understand and help your tree.
Trees, like all living things, have adapted to thrive in certain conditions. They prefer a specific soil type, nutrients, space, moisture, temperature, and associated soil food web to reach their full potential. When a tree is taken from an environment to which it has adapted and is placed in a sidewalk tree well, for example, one or more of these needs is reduced or lost. This places stress on the tree and, subsequently, the tree will not be able to thrive. Stressed trees become more susceptible to common problems such as fungus, insects and diseases. Tree pests that are minor issues in the woods become major issues in urban trees.
Many Missouri trees can be used in urban environments when the right tree is put in the right place and is protected from avoidable health problems. Knowing what trees need, and the possible stressors for those trees, will help identify future problems and treatments.
Urban tree stress is usually the result of a combination of factors and each species of tree varies in its inherent ability to resist these factors.
Trees such as linden, elm and some oaks are well known for their hardiness in urban landscapes because they are able to thrive in difficult growing situations. The factors that create these difficult growing situations include competition with turf grass, compaction, nutrient-poor soils, under- and over-watering, temperatures too hot or too cold, pollution, improper planting, construction damage and heat-island effects. Age also plays a contributing role in the susceptibility to stress; newly planted trees, as well as older, mature trees, are most likely to be negatively affected. Root loss from construction damage such as grade changes, root cutting, or even driving over the roots, is a significant source of stress for trees of all sizes and ages. Reflected heat from nearby buildings, asphalt and concrete will make a tree and soil hotter and drier. Mulch volcanoes, the practice of mounding excess mulch against a tree trunk, encourage pests and fungus. The more of these factors a tree has to overcome, the more difficult it is for that tree to survive, even for the hardiest of species.
Symptoms of urban tree stress may differ by species, location, age and source of the stress, but there are many common factors. Look for stunted growth, excess stem sprouting, wilted and scorched leaves, and chlorosis (yellowing leaves due to nutrient problems). Other visual indicators may include bark cracks, cankers, decay and the sudden or increased presence of insect pests. A dramatic increase in fruit and seed production is a signal that a tree is under stress, as trees in decline often increase seeding as a final effort before they die. Harder-to-see symptoms include construction damage and infection by root-rot diseases. These may be identified by certain fungus growing in your yard.
Be aware that many of these symptoms may not occur until several years after the cause. The healthier a tree is, the more capable it is to fight off problems over time, but delayed reactions to minor and major problems are normal. The key is to assess not only the tree, but also the area around the tree and its history, such as when herbicides were applied on the turf, a water line was fixed or the last time it rained.
When it comes to managing urban tree stress, preventing problems is far easier and cheaper than curing them. Urban tree stress can be avoided by the addition of mulch, removing turf under trees, increasing soil aeration and nutrient availability, or reducing competition. The closer you can recreate natural conditions for an urban tree, the better chance it has to thrive. For example, a willow or cypress tree needs to be placed in a wet site, while a pin oak or pine needs acidic soils.
The cause of the stress and subsequent decline needs to be identified before management begins. If a tree is treated for boring insects when the real problem is drought, we will only temporarily fix the symptom but not provide a solution. Fertilizers added during drought or after construction damage are common, but the fix is only temporary and may only create other problems. Once the problem is identified, a plan should be implemented to address both the symptoms and the primary problem.
Watch for small changes in the appearance and growth of your trees, these may be early warnings. Take pictures so you have something to compare to later.
Lots of trees can recover from minor stress if provided a little extra water. Infrequent, slow and deep watering simulates natural rainfall, giving the tree a nice big drink. Mulch applied 2–4" deep, over the largest area possible, is similar to the natural leaf litter you see in the woods. This keeps soil cool, adds nutrients and keeps the mower from hitting the trunk.
If considering a remodeling project, don't cut roots because the guy with a trencher or backhoe says it is OK. A small delay until fall or winter can reduce problems. Sometimes patience, and considering the basics, such as water and mulch, are your best choices.
A professional arborist is the best choice when you are worried about the health of your tree. Arborists can assess your trees with the knowledge of the whole region and provide the best information and recommendations. They may use compressed air excavation to loosen compacted soil or to find roots before a construction project. They may also apply soil, nutrients, growth regulators or other chemicals for specific problems. Arborists can make protection plans to work within your construction project needs. Those site and tree-specific options make hiring a certified arborist a wise choice. Visit the International Society of Arboriculture's website at isa-arbor.com and look for "verify an arborist" to find a certified arborist in your area.
Keeping an eye on your trees will maximize their health, appearance and services provided to you. A healthy tree is safer, makes more shade, grows faster and can tolerate heat waves, high wind, droughts and other urban stress.
Trees at your home and in the community provide real economic value by shading your house, protecting or adding value to property, providing pedestrians safe areas from traffic and cleaning the water before it reaches our streams and lakes all over Missouri. Visit itreetools.org/design to find out what trees do for you.
Many urban tree stressors can be avoided by placing the right tree in the right place for the right reasons. Be nice to your trees and they will be nice to you. Contact your local MDC urban forester or visit mdc.mo.gov/node/3797 for more information.
What is Bugging Your Tree?
Urban stress can lead to insects. Sometimes the insects are easy to see and sometimes all you see is the damage they cause. For a faster and more accurate diagnosis, collect the following information to share with your arborist.
Do you see insects? What do they look like? What color are they? How big? Are they flying or walking? Do you see them in a web?
Are leaves chewed or do they look like something poked a hole and sucked the juice out? Does it look like something tunneled inside the leaf?
Is the leaf dried out? Are the edges dry or the whole leaf?
Is the leaf turning yellow from the veins outward or from the edges in?
Are there weird bumps or warty-looking things on a twig or leaf?
Are the leaves or area under the tree sticky?
Take a picture of the problem from close up and another showing the tree and area surrounding it.
Family nature outings in your own neighborhood.


text:
RESOURCE ACCOUNTS
The One-Planet Alliance
The One-Planet Alliance starts from the recognition that One Planet is not a metaphor. Rather, it is the description of the context within which humanity operates. Ultimately humanity needs to live within the one-planet budget, rather than operating as if we had 1.75 Earths.
This context needs a robust metric. Providing such a metric is precisely the goal of this Alliance. The Alliance will support and advance resource accounting that tracks for all countries how much planet countries use, and how much biological capacity countries have. In other words, it will enable the production of Ecological Footprint and biocapacity results for all countries. Offering such accounts should be a public service so anybody can compare human demand to what ecosystems can renew at the country and planetary level.
To achieve this, the One-Planet Alliance stands behind the robust, independent, and ever improving production of the National Footprint and Biocapacity Accounts. Those Accounts are owned and governed by Footprint Data Foundation (FoDaFo), a neutral, international, not-for-profit organization. It will have succeeded if it can consistently provide unbiased, robust, and ever more accurate Ecological Footprint and biocapacity assessments for all countries, based on generally accepted UN statistics.
Country Members of the One-Planet Alliance
Data and tools are needed to support public and private decision-making in order to navigate our economies towards successful outcomes. Given the context of persistent overshoot, these tools need to be informed by this context. The One-Planet Alliance aims at bringing together the nations that share the recognition of this context.
Country-members of the One-Planet Alliance make a three-year commitment. They contribute an annual fee that is commensurate with their population size and economic potential. They make up the stakeholders' council of the Footprint Data Foundation, the legal entity that owns the Accounts.
National Footprint and Biocapacity Accounts
Initially established by Global Footprint Network, the National Footprint and Biocapacity Accounts contain the data produced annually for more than 200 countries and regions around the world through the Ecological Footprint accounting methodology. This methodology uses some 15,000 data points per country from UN agencies and other international bodies. Currently, these accounts are maintained by York University for Footprint Data Foundation (FoDaFo). Prior, they had been developed for two decades by Global Footprint Network.
The Accounts are the world's only comprehensive metric to compare human demand on nature to what the planet can renew. They reveal countries' exposure to core sustainability challenges, including climate change and resource constraints. They help decision-makers identify pressure points, potential conflicts, economic challenges, and risky trends. They are necessary to develop informed analysis of the implications for resource security in each country and the world.
Last but not least, the assessment they provide is fundamental to designing our pathways to the future regenerative economy that IPCC Reports have urgently called for.
Use and Benefits of Ecological Footprint Accounts
One-Planet Alliance strives to ensure ever more transparent and robust National Footprint and Biocapacity Accounts. This is achieved by boosting the underlying reach, strengthening their accuracy, and expanding their utility. They also need to be accessible as a public service. This will support their adoption as a central decision-making tool in countries around the world.
These accounts also gain from being well governed. This enables researchers to participate in their improvements and apply their innovation, while maintaining stability and consistency of the Accounts through careful governance and scientific review.
The Initiative includes a global academic network and a science advisory committee that continuously improve and enhance the Accounts. The academic network researches and develops potential improvements to the Accounts. The science advisory committee reviews, selects and recommends improvements for implementation. It may request input from One-Planet Alliance member-countries as needed.
The Initiative is led by the stakeholders' council of the Footprint Data Foundation, which One-Planet Alliance members automatically sit on. The annual budget for the Ecological Footprint Initiative supports the Accounts maintenance, annual updates, and upgrades. It also provides resources for scientific advisory committee and necessary research to improve the Accounts. Finally, the budget covers the basic coordination efforts of the One-Planet Alliance.
Given that we live on this one finite planet, these accounts are needed to help explore how each country can best operate and prosper now and in the future, considering humanity is already demanding more than Earth's ecosystems can renew. Each country will have to navigate how to:
allow its potentially expanding population to thrive, with many people harbouring legitimate material aspirations (SDGs), while
phasing out fossil fuels within decades, in accordance with the Paris Climate Agreement,
and protecting the integrity of the planet's ecosystems, per Aichi Biodiversity Targets.
For more information, read the brochure.
How can my country benefit?
An Alliance of countries safeguarding their biocapacity
© 2022 One-Planet Alliance


text:
Q: Is it possible to use Data Annotations for MVC in an ASP.NET WEBFORM Business Object Class? How can I use this convention in an asp.net WEBFORM Business object class?
Example In MVC
using System.ComponenModel.DataAnnotation;

public class Customer
{
    [Required]
    [StringLength(5,20)]
    public string FirstName { get; set;}

    [Required]
    [StringLength(5,20)]
    public string LastName { get; set;}
}

I want to use this data annotation in my asp.net webform businessobject class for client validation and server validation.

A: Unfortunately WebForms doesn't have native support of Data Annotations like MVC.
But you can use custom decisions:

*

*system componentmodel dataannotations for asp.net webforms

*Building an ASP.NET Validator Using Data Annotations

*ASP.NET: WebForms Validation with Data Annotations


text:
12 Tamils detained, search operation in North Central Province
[TamilNet, Monday, 11 June 2007, 18:24 GMT]
Sri Lanka Army (SLA) and Police launched a search operation in Mannampittiya in North Central Province at 4:00 a.m. Monday. 122 Tamils were taken in trucks to Polonnaruwa Police. 12 persons were detained for further interrogations and the others were released around 6:00 p.m., Police sources said.
122 Tamils taken for interrogation in the cordon and search operation that lasted from 4:00 a.m. to 6:30 a.m., were workers from Valaichcheanai, Mu'rakkodaancheanai, Kiran, Santhive'li, Vanthaar'umoolai, Siththa'ndi, Ka'lvanchchikkudi, Araiyampathi and Earaavoor.
Meanwhile, Police sources in Batticaloa said that three Tamil youths, identified as M. Santhan from Karaveddi near Aayiththiyamalai, Nivarajah from Siththaa'ndi and S. Nirmalathas from Kaththaankudi Police area had surrendered at Polvaththai SLA camp in Vaazhaichcheanai. The youths were in posession of an automatic rifle, the SLA has claimed according to the Police. The youths were yet to be handed over to the Police.


text:
package discordbot.games.connect4;

import discordbot.main.Config;

public class C4Board {

    private C4Column[] cols;
    private int columnSize;

    public C4Board(int columns, int rows) {
        cols = new C4Column[columns];
        for (int i = 0; i < cols.length; i++) {
            cols[i] = new C4Column(rows);
        }
        this.columnSize = rows;
    }

    public int getValue(int column, int row) {
        return cols[column].getCol(row);
    }

    /**
     * @param index the column to place it in
     * @return can the player place it?
     */
    public boolean canPlaceInColumn(int index) {
        return cols[index] != null && cols[index].hasSpace();
    }

    /**
     * @param index  the column
     * @param player playerindex
     * @return success
     */
    public boolean placeInColumn(int index, int player) {
        return cols[index].place(player);
    }

    public String intToPlayer(int playerIndex) {
        switch (playerIndex) {
            case 0:
                return "\uD83D\uDD34";
            case 1:
                return "\uD83D\uDD35";
            default:
                return "\u26AA";
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (int height = 0; height < columnSize; height++) {
            for (C4Column col : cols) {
                sb.append(intToPlayer(col.getCol(height)));
            }
            sb.append(Config.EOL);
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Jeremy Piven left the Malibu beach house. The 'Entourage' star sold his beachfront property at $ 6.6 million, a decrease of $ 3.9 million, in fact, two years ago. Entering a garden patio covered with vines, the property offers 4,404 square feet along three floors.
The white walls overlap the dark parquet in the living areas on the main floor with a bright living room, family room, dining area and a kitchen with breakfast bar. The area extends to a creeper-lined terrace where a spa can watch the ocean.
The master suite consists of four bedrooms and 3.25 bathrooms, covering most of the top floor. Features a spa bath, steam bath and private balcony. The property has sorts the lower level built for fun with Saltillo tiles, a wet bar and a sauna. Thanks to the sliding glass doors, the area opens to a patio with a 50-meter beach front.
Madison Hildebrand and Jill Galloway from Compass. However, Carl Gambino from Westside Estate Agency represented the buyer.
Atlantis City apartment prices start at TL 485,000 for 4+1!
Cennet Koru Project! Sqm Prices Start At TL3.000!


7-Grain Sloppy Joes were a big hit at the Stick Horse Rodeo. If you're looking for a nutritious, delicious way to stretch your meat dollar, you just found it!
Click here for the delicious sloppy joes recipe!


text:
'precarity' at the arts technology research lab, dublin
This five-screen installation puts forward different contexts of precarity in today's global society. Everything, from health to relationships to labour rights and human rights as well as economic survival is precarious. We attempt to bind these areas together in their audio-visibility.
Based on Flaubert's prophetic novel Madame Bovary from 1856, our five screens show the precariousness of an adult life beginning; the world that seduces her into risking what she has and craving for what she doesn't; and when, grasping at last straws, she takes more and more dangerous turns, and thus, inevitably, she ends in misery, both economically, psychically, and physically.
Meanwhile, from the edge of the space where her life plays out on four screens, we see how this is not an individual ill nor a blameable transgression but something towards which she has been pushed all along by her surroundings. Especially the meddling pharmacist Homais represents the probing of the curious and the rejoicing in Emma's misfortune and downfall, as we see in Probing and Meddling.
In Shaping and Moulding the young woman is being educated in and outside school, and educating herself with activities inspired by her cultural environment. In Seduction she is lured into adventures that promise her a more fulfilling life, but instead, give her heartbreak and unsolvable debts. Nothing is what it seems. Last Straw presents her ultimate, desperate attempts to happiness, but only confronts her with the impossibility of achieving it in the social passivity she has been raised to cultivate.
Hence, in Endings we witness the inevitable denouements such striving and failures entail: financial ruin, divorce, mental breakdown, death.
More info>>
Wayfaring: group exhibition at &Model, leeds
Delighted to be part of the group exhibition Wayfaring at &Model, 19 East Parade, Leeds LS1 2BH
29 April 2016 – 4 June 2016
WAYFARING
Laura White
Kreider+O'Leary
Zoë Mendelson
Wayfaring, curated by Laura White in collaboration with &Model Leeds, looks at the territory White shares with other artists whose work asks similar questions around 'how things come about' and who also travel across disciplines, as writers, researchers, educators, makers, crafts-people, film-makers, architects, poets...
"In wayfaring ... things are instantiated in the world as their paths of movement, not as objects located in space. They are their stories. Here it is the movement itself that counts, not the destination it connects. Indeed, wayfaring always overshoots its destinations, since wherever you may be at any particular moment, you are already on your way somewhere else."
(Tim Ingold, Being Alive: Essays on Movement, Knowledge and Description)
In the fluid movement between investigations and disciplines, processes are revealed uncompromisingly and are always open to further possibilities. This is evident in various ways in this exhibition – film that does not distinguish from its auditions; objects that are the process; architecture that navigates across physical space, documentation and poetic narrative; drawings that belong on no defined surface.
Materials drive the process as much as the artist handling them, so that what is being used (film, video, architecture, words, leather, clay, paper, photography) occupies intelligent material space in both digital and real environments. There is no separation between the hand and the mind in the production of the works, where thinking through making and understanding by doing is at the core.
Preview on Thursday 28 April 2016, 6pm–8pm, then open Wednesdays to Saturdays, 2pm–5pm
www.andmodel.com


It has been a great course - one of the assignments in particular was great because it was essentially just about taking a couple datasets, and coming up with our own problem and solution based on the data.
The datasets in questions proposed were real crime data from San Francisco and Seattle. These being location-based datasets, I decided to take this opportunity to also get more familiar with the Python geospatial libraries such as GDAL and how it can be used in tandem with pandas DataFrames.
Before looking at the geospatial distribution, I wanted to narrow it down to the crimes happening during the night since cursory analysis revealed that the type of crime has a high correlation with time of day (intuitively too).
The result shows a heatmap where the intensity is normalized across all hours, where a darker color represents a higher number of crimes at that hour, and lighter color represents a smaller number of crimes.
There are some interesting patterns here, and we can see a few crime categories which seem to be particularly frequent at night. The main offenders seem to be assault, drunkenness, larceny/theft, prostitution, robbery and vehicle theft. These are the categories we'll focus on in order to have a meaningful geospatial visualization to see what San Francisco's crime scene looks like at night.
I had to research a few libraries to use in Python in order to visualize on a map the distribution of crimes. The complicated part is that I wanted to have access to the neighborhoods information, so I could break crimes down by neighborhood. Unfortunately, matplotlib's Basemap toolkit doesn't provide much aside from 2D maps. A lot of inspiration for this analysis was drawn from this blog post about blue plaque in London.
To solve it we need a Shapefile containing San Francisco's neighborhoods. Fortunately, there is one available on the SF open data portal and it can easily be used via the fiona module.
The type of ellipsoid - now this one was a bit obscure to me, not being familiar with GIS, but this is actually nothing more than a coordinate system. It turns out WGS84 is the standard for GPS so it makes sense to use that in our case.
shapely is a library for analyzing and manipulating planar geometric objects in Python. In particular, it is useful to create Polygon and Point objects, which for us maps to neighborhoods and crime occurrences.
descartes is the intermediary between shapely's polygons, and matplotlib's maps. It can be used to create PolygonPatch patches which can be represented on a Basemap.
For that purpose we create a DataFrame where for each neighborhood we will have a PolygonPatch based on Polygon objects extracted from the content of the Shapefile.
And of course we need to draw the neighborhoods polygons on the map as well, in order to visualize the distribution of crimes in the city. This can be done using a matplotlib.collections.PatchCollection which can be created from the neighborhood patches computed previously.
The final result is a map of San Francisco with all neighborhood boundaries and crimes represented with different colors for the 6 categories of crimes that happen mostly at night.
We can get a general feeling that the center of the city (especially the Tenderloin) as well as the south are pretty agitated at night, while the west area is mostly quiet at night in terms of crimes. But this just gives us a general picture, when we would like to clearly see for each neighborhood how criminal it is. Of course this is a little biased towards highly-populated neighborhoods, but would still give a good enough idea where to be careful at night.
Before we can divide neighborhoods in criminality level, we need to compute the crime density per neighborhood. This can easily be done by identifying, for each crime occurrence, in which neighborhood it occurred, count those, and deduce the crime density.
We can then apply a clustering algorithm to group neighborhoods into N criminality buckets. In our case, since there are not that many neighborhoods, 5 groups seem good enough. The algorithm we're using here is Jenks natural breaks optimization. This is a pretty common method used in cartography software, and is available as part of the PySAL library.
Once the algorithm converges, we have multiple bins that we need to join back to our original neighborhood patches to figure out to which bin each neighborhood belongs.
All that is left at that point is to draw again our PatchCollection, with the small trick of using the set_facecolor method to apply a color corresponding to the cluster. We used the Blues colormap in this case.
This was a pretty fun analysis, and a good introduction to geospatial analysis in Python with fiona, descartes, shapely, Basemap and PySAL. We're barely scratching the surface here by looking at only 2 months worth of data - I might do a follow-up later with more data since we have daily data since January 2003 which is a lot more crime data to analyze.