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Home North Carolina Orange County Chapel Hill David Cole Phelps
David Cole Phelps
iTicket.law - Powered by Hatley Law Office
8	years of experience
DUI & DWI, Traffic Tickets
D. Cole Phelps manages our office in the northeastern part of the state. Attorney Phelps is a native of Washington County, and he returned to his home community to serve and give back. After winning his first primary election with over 62% of the votes, he later became the youngest county commissioner at the time of his election to serve in any of North Carolina's 100 counties. During his first term of office, he was selected by his fellow board members as vice chairman and then chairman. He was one of the first commissioners of Washington County to be appointed to serve as an at-large member of the Board of Directors of the North Carolina Association of County Commissioners and also served on its Health & Human Services and Public Education steering committees. Mr. Phelps is a member of the Next Generation National Association of Counties Network. Currently, he is serving his second term of office as a member of the Washington County Board of Commissioners representing the residents of District 1. During his public service, Phelps has established a stellar reputation for being a champion for education.
As a graduate of East Carolina University with a bachelor's degree in Family and Community Services with a minor in Political Science, the East Carolina University Division of Student Affairs Office of Development recognized him with the prestigious 40 Under 40 leadership award. Dedicated to higher education, he returned to East Carolina University, where he has served on the faculty as an adjunct professor instructing courses in Family Law and Public Policy. Receiving high student reviews, Phelps sees his role in higher education as inspiring the next generation of leaders.
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North Carolina State Bar
English: Spoken, Written
Technology has radically improved your life. Shouldn't it make fighting your traffic ticket just as easy? Then why are so many law firms stuck in the 1980's? iTicket.law™ is a 21st century law firm, built to revolutionize legal defense with exceptional service and convenience. We believe you deserve a convenient and pain-free legal process.
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iTicket.law - North Carolina Traffic Law Blog
North Carolina Traffic Lawyers - iTicket law
*We cannot guarantee any outcome in your case, but we do guarantee our service. Office visits are by appointment only. Some misdemeanor matters may be more than $99, require your appearance in court and could impact your insurance. All topics relate only to North Carolina and we make no representation as to matters in other states. We make no guarantees as to how individual insurance companies will adhere to NC DOI regulations.
Why Should You Hire an Attorney for Your NC Traffic Citation?
Why Should You Hire an Attorney for Your NC Traffic Citation? - iTicket.law *We cannot guarantee any outcome in your case, but we do guarantee our service. Office visits are by appointment only. Some misdemeanor matters may be more than $99, require your appearance in court and could impact your insurance. All topics relate only to North Carolina and we make no representation as to matters in other states.
Misconceptions of a Prayer for Judgement Continued (PJC) in North Carolina
Improper Equipment vs. Prayer for Judgement Continued (PJC)
Technology has radically improved your life. Shouldn't it make fighting your traffic ticket just as easy? Then why are so many law firms stuck in the 1980's? iTicket.law™ is a 21st century law firm, built to revolutionize legal defense with exceptional service and convenience. We believe you deserve a convenient and pain-free legal process. Not convinced? Have peace of mind with our 100% Satisfaction Guarantee, check out our reviews, or call for a free consultation.*
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Our vision at iTicket is to bring the legal industry into the 21st century with a completely online process. We've reinvented traffic defense to ensure a painless process for you. Do you have a North Carolina speeding or traffic ticket? With over 651 5 star reviews on Google, people love the convenience, quality, and over the top customer service.
What is iTicket.law?
Our vision at iTicket is to bring the legal industry into the 21st century with a completely online process. We've reinvented traffic defense to seek to ensure a painless process for you. Do you have a North Carolina speeding or traffic ticket? With over 2,500 5 star reviews on Google, people love the convenience, quality, and over the top customer service.
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If you are thinking of going traveling to Florida, you will probably already have some keen ideas in mind as to what to do. But the truth is that there are probably one or two things which you have not even considered, and yet which you could find yourself enjoy hugely if you do visit this state. Florida has so much to offer that it is hard to know where to begin, but there many sides to traveling there which are little-known wonders, and it is these which are worth looking into. Let's have a look at some of these now, to get you inspired for your own trip.
One great way to get around Florida, as with many similar destinations, is to rent a boat. There are many reasons you might want to do this, not least that it is a quick and easy way to add some instant style, luxury and comfort to your trip. Boat rental is one of those simple things that can add so much glamor to a holiday that you can hardly believe it. You probably won't appreciate it until you try it yourself, so just give it a go when you are due to be traveling to Florida. You will be amazed at how much this simple act can add to your overall journey, and you won't have to spend a great deal of money to do it either.
This next one is great for family traveling with kids, or even for any adults who enjoy a little sprinkle of magic in their holidays. Florida is home to the great Wizarding World of Harry Potter, a sprawling amusement park in the design of the famous Hogwarts castle. As you can imagine, this is something like a more modern Disney World, and yet much more enjoyable for people of all ages. If you are in Florida as a family and stuck for ideas as to what to do, you could do much worse than to go to the set of Hogwarts. The attraction routinely receives five-star reviews, and it is not too pricey to enter, so it's well worth a look if you're in the area.
Are you a big golf fan? As it happens, Florida is one of the very top destinations not just in the US, but in the world, for ardent golfers. With some two hundred plus golf courses to choose between, there is hardly any surprise in that, so if you are a keen golfer you might not want to leave Florida before having a swing at one of those courses. If you have always wanted to play golf in one of the most beautiful settings on earth, then you need look no further than Florida itself – and it could be the ideal way to wrap up your holiday too.
These suggestions are a great way to get started in Florida, but bear in mind that there is much more besides. Take a look around and see what hidden gems you can discover too.


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See if your friends have read any of Gustaf Aulén's books
Gustaf Aulén's Followers (6)
Gustaf Aulén
in Ljungby , Sweden
Theology, Ecclesiology, Christology
Gustaf Aulén (1879-1977) was the Bishop of Strängnäs in the Church of Sweden and the author of Christus Victor: An Historical Study of the Three Main Types of the Idea of Atonement in 1931. This classic work analyzes the doctrine of the atonement of Jesus, suggesting that the three main interpretations in Christian history are the Christus Victor theory, the Satisfaction theory, and the Moral Influence theory. Aulén is also known in the Swedish Lutheran Church as a composer of widely used church music.
Gustaf Aulén's books
Gustaf Aulén Average rating: 4.06
· 440 ratings · 73 reviews · 11 distinct works • Similar authors
Christus Victor
Gustaf Aulén,
A.G. Herbert (Translator)
The Faith of the Christian Church
Dag Hammarskjold's White Book: An Analysis of Markings
3.50 avg rating — 4 ratings — published 1970
Eucharist and Sacrifice
Reformation and Catholicity
Gustaf Aulň
it was amazing 5.00 avg rating — 1 rating — published 1979
Jesus in Contemporary Historical Research
really liked it 4.00 avg rating — 1 rating — published 1976 — 3 editions
The Drama & the Symbols: A Book on Images of God & the Problems They Raise
liked it 3.00 avg rating — 1 rating — published 1968
A Fé Cristã
Våra tankar om Kristus
Sven-Erik Backs motetter: En musikalisk teologisk studie (Kungl. Musikaliska akademiens skriftserie 18)
More books by Gustaf Aulén…
Quotes by Gustaf Aulén (?)
"First, we must ask in what relation the conceptions of sin and death stand to one another in Irenæus. We have already noted the assertion that he, in common with other Eastern theologians, places relatively little emphasis on sin, because he regards salvation as a bestowal of life rather than of forgiveness, and as a victory over mortality rather than over sin."
― Gustaf Aulén, Christus Victor
"This brings us back to the first of our five points, the structure of the three types of teaching. The classic type showed us the Atonement as a movement of God to man, and God as closely and personally engaged in the work of man's deliverance. In the Latin type God seems to stand more at a distance; for the satisfaction is paid by man, in the person of Christ, to God. In the third type God stands still more at a distance; as far as He is concerned, no atonement is needed, and all the emphasis is on man's movement to God, on that which is accomplished in the world of men. That is to say, the essential Christian idea of a way of God to man, which dominates the classic type, is weakened in the Latin type, and lost in the subjective type, in the measure that its leading idea is consistently carried out."
"We have also here the explanation of his constant emphasis on salvation as a bestowal of Life. Life means for him primarily fellowship with God, the partaking of the life of God, and therefore also a deliverance from sin."
See all Gustaf Aulén's quotes »

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Donna Thomas was selected as Orangefield Junior High's Teacher of the Month, for the month of September. Thomas was selected by her co-workers.
Mrs. Thomas currently teaches eighth graders, Technology Applications. She has been in the teaching profession for eight years, and has been employed by Orangefield for the past five years.
Mrs. Thomas was awarded a gift certificate and a thermal mug.


my uncle george's siberian iris!
wow, it was such a surprise to go outside in my garden and see this wonderful flower! every night, i've been covering the plant so the local deer can't eat it for a midnight snack. well, it finally bloomed and i couldn't be more happy. it is a part of the plant that my uncle george game to my mom, who gave me a start. i was just thinking how it wouldn't survive our cold winter, but it some how did and actually produced a blossom. i found that i have another bud on the plant so i guess i'll have to continue to cover it. our pesky deer just love munching on all out buds. i just transferred some hydrangea bushes to the back, thinking that now the deer won't bother them. oh well, if anyone has a solution to how to get rid of the deer please share. have a great weekend. i hope to make some beignets that someone shared with me. thanks for visiting!


Years ago (more than I care to admit), we faced some serious limitations when we wanted application performance. We had high RPM hard disk drives (HDDs) – relatively fast, anyway (we thought of 15K RPM HDDs as fast back then, some people still do). When we needed fast and high capacity, we used a lot of 15K HDDs.
We had very few other options. Solid-state drives (SSD) were just a handful of GB here and there (really!) and they weren't mainstream.
A lot has changed since then. SSDs are becoming mainstream in IT. When we need incredible random IOPS, now we think SSDs. When we're deploying applications that must respond quickly and consistently, we think of SSDs.
And we think of SSDs with more applications, more workloads. Need blistering OLTP? Really think SSDs.
With broader NVMe adoption, the difference between legacy and today keeps getting bigger. The differences are not for the faint of heart.
When we were debating how we should compare a legacy configuration to NVMe, we knew we needed to think about the details. We needed to measure configurations with similar capacity (it would not be a fair comparison if we used tiny SSDs that stored a fraction of the data). We knew we needed to follow common database platform configuration practices too – it would not be fair to have to have to stand on our heads to get a non-standard SSD configuration up and running.
So, first things first, full transparency: We tested three configurations. They do not have identical capacity nor an identical number of drives. They're close, but not identical.
We maybe went a bit overboard with the legacy configuration, using sixteen 15K HDDs. And maybe we undershot on the NVMe configurations – the first has two 3.8TB Micron 9200 PRO drives and the second has four.
I can't see the legacy performance data!
We started by looking at a New Orders Per Minute (NOPM) metric (NOPM is a good measure of business throughput).
After Engineering completed testing and we studied the results, I thought I'd found an error. I had a hard time telling if it was a reporting error or maybe a testing error.
If you look at the chart on the left, surely there'd been a mistake – the legacy configuration had sixteen fast HDDs, right? Where's the legacy configuration data?
Well, no. There's no mistake. And yes, we used sixteen HDDs. The legacy data is there…..it is just really, really hard to see (you have to look super close).
The (very) tall performance bars are the NVMe configs.
Is there an 'ah hah!' moment?
I did. They're right. It's there, I just had to look closer. A lot closer.
You can read the complete technical brief here.
Take a look at our complete lineup of SSDs with NVMe (be sure to look at the MAX, PRO and MAX families) and download the 9200 SSD Product Brief.
Already convinced? Need to convince others? Download "The Business Case for NVMe SSDs" to help make your case.
If you have questions about the testing we ran, tweet me @GreyHairStorage or connect with Micron on Twitter @MicronStorage and on LinkedIn.


text:
HeadlinesHealth
Govt designates Journalist Swaminathan Gurumurthy and businessman Satish Kashinath in RBI Boards
Govt appoints the chartered accountant and journalist Swaminathan Gurumurthy and businessman Satish Kashinath Marathe as a part-time, non-official director on the Reserve Bank of India's central board for four years.
Swaminathan Gurumurthy is editor of Tamil political weekly Thuglaq and co-convenor of the Swadeshi Jagaran Manch whereas Satish Kashinath holds a good grip in the corporate sector and supports NGO named as Sahakar Bharati.
The govt officials informed that both of the new appointments were made after a proposal from the department of financial services. It was approved as per provision of section 81C of the RBI Act, 1934 on Tuesday by the cabinet.
Tii now 10 directors had been appointed by govt on the RBI board which was the maximum permissible limit. Two govt officials also hold the position in RBI board.
Reserve bank of India is the Centra banking institution of India which governs monetary policy of Indian Rupee. It was established under Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. It began its operations on 1 April 1935. The RBI was nationalised on 1 January 1949.
It has 21-member central board of directors for general superintendence and direction of the RBI. The central board of directors consist of the governor, 2 finance minister,4 deputy governor, 4 directors to represent local boards headquartered at Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai and New Delhi. Each of these local boards consists of 5 members who represent regional interests, the interests of co-operative and indigenous banks. It even has 10 government-nominated directors to represent important elements of India's economy.
RBI which is also known as a banker's bank maintains banking accounts of all registered banks. Commercial banks generate credit and RBI holds the responsibility to control the credit through the CRR, bank rate and open market operations. The RBI facilitates the clearing of cheques between the commercial banks and it even cooperates for the inter-bank transfer of capitals. RBI also guides the banks on various corporate related issues.
The headquarter of Banker's bank is in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India and it is headed by Governor Urjit Patel.
reservebankofIndia
urjitpatel
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Next articleNarendra Modi reviews the progress card of the key infrastructure sectors of power and other resouces.
UK Government's' Missteps in Handling the Covid 19 Crisis
Sumit Choudhary - March 29, 2020 0
Even as the World Health Organization has declared Europe as the new epicenter of the coronavirus pandemic, the UK government does not seem serious...
Ayushman Bharat to come up with public hospitals at first
Shivangi Agrawal - August 17, 2018 0
The health insurance scheme, Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana Abhiyan, (Ayushman Bharat) which will be launched by the government will be limited to public...
Centre Confirms Bird Flu Outbreak in Eastern Part of Bengaluru
The Indian Tribune Staff - January 7, 2018 0
The central government of India has confirmed the outbreak of bird flu in Bengaluru. There are reports that samples from village Darasahalli confirm this...


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text:
import { Strategy } from '../strategizer.js';
export declare class MatchParticleByVerb extends Strategy {
    generate(inputParams: any): any;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A little gallery devoted to the work I have been doing with the theatre company "Chevere", based in Compostela, Galicia. Chevere won the National Theatre Award (Spain), in 2014. It is a real pleasure to work with such an amazing group.


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Q: adb can't detect my sony xperia z5 compact I'm trying to unlock the bootloader on my Sony Xperia z5 compact but when I have to plug the device on the computer, nothing appear to be attached:
adb devices
List of devices attached

I'm under Osx Mavericks. I also tryied on Windows 7 (sp1) without success.
I enabled developer mode and OEM unlocking.
I found there adb can't detect Sony Xperia s although I installed driver that I must put my phone in Mass Storage mode, but there isn't this option in the menu, I only have:

*

*Charge only

*MTP (MEdia Transfer Protocol)

*PTP (Picture Transfer Protocol)

*RNDIS (USB Ethernet)

*Audio Source

*MIDI

Also, when I choose one option from this menu it doesn't seem to save it as if I close and reopen the options it resets it.
I tryied this solution <adb devices command doesn't show my xperia z - got proper drivers and all> on Windows without success.
I'm on Marshmallow 6.0.1. The phone model number is E5823.
Do you have any tips? Suggestions?
At this point I'm really desperate...

A: Turn off the phone while connecting it to the computer, press and hold the Volume Up key. The notification LED becomes Blue.
Install fastboot drivers. To do this, follow a tutorial with the method of your choice, and using the Unlock_SE xperia_bootloaders.zip file.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The 31st ATS moved from Westover AFB, Massachusetts, to Dover in June 1955. The squadron was renamed the 31st Military Airlift Squadron in 1966, deactivated in 1969, and reactivated in 1989. It was deactivated again in 1994 as the 31st Airlift Squadron.


What is a perfect research paper?
Talking about study habits, these are described as those methods and strategies that help you to engage in purposeful learning, especially when it comes to writing and reading. If you know little or nothing about study habits, writing a research paper on the same issue will surely not be the best of writing activity for you. However, in this age of internet, you can get as much information as possible to help you successfully complete your academic paper on good study habits. Who knows, what you learn along the way will also help you in realigning your study habits and in turn, acquire better grades and also improve learning in order to support your career and other related interests.
Is reading aloud to yourself a good study habit?
These are just a few of the topics designed to give you further insight on what issues to address as far as study habits are concerned. For any topic you choose, make sure that you source for information from reputable sources. This way, you will end up successfully completing and submitting a unique and interesting research paper on a unique topic.
Buy research papers from PaperWritingCompany without the risk!
Term papers for sale: where to find?


Devney Perry moves me with every romance she writes. Her books are out of this world good and each one has touched my heart in some way. I adore this book. I know this series is going to be an all time favorite of mine and I highly recommend it.
Thea Landry has always known her place in modern-day society. It's somewhere just above the trash can her mother dumped her in as a newborn but below the class where much comes easy. With her tattered shoes and bargain-bin clothes, her life has never been full of glamour.
Until one day, years later, Logan Kendrick waltzes into her life once more and turns everything she's built upside down. This time around, she won't make the same mistake. She's going to fight to keep him in her life—not for herself. But for their daughter.
Another beautiful and heartfelt story from Devney Perry! This author never ceases to amaze me with her romances. They feel real to me and contain some of the best written characters in romance history. Sure, I always know what to expect in terms of how everything is going to turn out even though there are quite a few hoops the characters have to go through at first, but the buildup is worth it and totally memorizing. I was sucked into Thea and Logan's story from the start. I read it in one sitting (even though my read dates are off) because I was so enamored in their love story. I love the tropes used (single mom/second chance/ surprise child), the beautiful and picturesque setting, and the feel of small town comforts. This is a must read story if any of those things appeal to you.


text:
Going Crazy in India
Rosemary Dinnage
Halfway between the southern cities of Madras and Bangalore, Vellore is a small town with a thirteenth-century fort, a long, busy bazaar, and Christian Medical College. Founded in 1900 as a one-bed dispensary, CMC has grown to employ 2,500 staff, train graduates in thirty different specialties, and treat patients from many countries outside India. It is a reminder of the benevolent aspects of the Raj; supported by Protestant churches abroad as well as missions and diocesan councils from all over India, it still adjusts its charges to the patients' purses and prides itself on dispensing two or three hundred thousand dollars' worth of free care in a year.
To the Psychiatry Department's Mental Health Centre it is a three-mile drive into the dry countryside. The Centre is a collection of low buildings spread out around a compound. (Even the "snakepit" mental hospitals of India's big cities tend to be less oppressive than their Western counterparts because they are built outward rather than up: space is something India is not short of.) Inside, doctors' offices open off shady corridors; half-doors allow what air there is to circulate.
Dr. Abraham Verghese—his name shows him to be a Christian and probably from Portuguese Goa—is holding a teaching session for his juniors with the day's new patients. Mr. Krishnan Reddy is called first: quiet and docile, fifty years old and head of a joint family that includes four married sons and their wives. He has been lucky, until recently, in having a secure job: he is a government forester earning Rs. 300 a month (in 1978, about $38). Reddy is an alcoholic. He gazes with submissive intensity at Dr. Verghese and ignores the circle of other people in the room; he needs no interpreter because he speaks English (of a sort), the lingua franca of southern India.
He has been drinking arak heavily for the past ten years, he says. In the past two years his drinking has got worse, and for six months now he hasn't worked. This morning he had a fight with his wife and she brought him to the main hospital, which referred him to the Centre. His father was an alcoholic. He can't work or concentrate; when he is drunk he cries. He drinks to forget financial and family worries, he says. He has no sexual intercourse now; he is "too weak." He has tried a cure for his drinking before, was given medicines but didn't take them; but "from today I won't drink." He leaves as gently as he arrived, and it is decided he will be admitted to the Centre, if he really wants to be cured.
Govind Ramathayan, twenty-two years old, a teacher, is equally self-effacing in manner. Since he speaks neither Tamil nor English, one of the junior doctors interprets to the group. He has come alone to the Centre (which is unusual), sent by his doctor. He can't sleep or eat properly; he has fits of dizziness and he aches all over; he too suffers from "weakness." Before his marriage he was chaste; his illness began soon after his marriage, and is getting worse. The interpreter conveys the message that he must come back with his wife before any therapy can be started. After he has gone one of the junior doctors reads his notes on a similar case: a twenty-year-old man, married six months ago, suffering from pains, sleeplessness; he had a sexual relationship before marriage, but has been impotent with his wife. (These marriages, of course, would almost certainly have been arranged ones.)
The third patient, a pretty woman in her twenties in a peasant sari, enters with an air of drama. In the few steps from the door to the chair her walk succeeds in suggesting that she is suffering greatly and that it is somebody's fault—perhaps the fault of all of us in the room. This time a Tamil doctor interprets. She wants to die, she says. She has a pain in the shoulder—she jerks her left shoulder continually—and terrible headaches every day. She can't sleep; she doesn't care about anything. She went to her local hospital (she has come 200 miles) and they gave her electric shocks and antidepressant medicine; she was better for four days and then worse than ever, so she was sent to CMC. She can hear sounds coming from all over her body. She suspects her husband of being interested in their neighbor's wife, but when she accuses him he shouts at her that she is a jealous woman, and she can't bear that.
Dr. Verghese has a hunch and asks if her husband has had a vasectomy; yes, returns the interpreter. "We quite often hear this story," says Verghese. And she has only two children—both girls. There is a rustle of surprise in the room. The financial award for vasectomy might be tempting, but scarcely enough to take the place of a son. Perhaps her husband is a farmer who was refused fertilizer supplies until he had the operation; perhaps he wanted a driving license, or rehousing from a slum. Or perhaps his village was offered a new well in return for thirty vasectomies.
Going to India from the West is like stepping onto another planet; but is having a mental illness in India any different from having it in Manhattan? Is treatment similar—if it is available? Do you get ill as often there, or less, or more? Do poverty and overwork leave any time for mental illness, is it a side effect of affluence—or do the hardships of a poor country provide all the more cause for disintegration? Are there differences in the Indian character structure itself that make mental illness and its treatment take different forms from those in the West? And does a third world country, obviously so much less well equipped with psychiatric and psychotherapeutic services than affluent societies, need more mental health care—or does greater provision for illness conjure up the illness to meet it, as new roads bring out more traffic?
Dr. Verghese does not believe that poverty provides a miraculous immunity to mental afflictions. Suicides, for instance, happen fairly often, even though attempted suicide is a punishable offense. He quotes a survey of his district that found psychological disturbance in 66 per 1,000 people, of which about a third were psychotic. Psychotic illness, schizophrenia in particular, occurs in a relatively constant pattern from culture to culture; the interesting question regards the other two-thirds, the nature of the less severe mental illnesses of a third world country. Their incidence may vary between the less and the more sophisticated sections of society, for one thing: a study carried out in Bengal found Brahmins to have about four times as many symptoms as non-Hindu tribesmen.1
It is at any rate safe to say that rural India does not run to the shrink with a problem as Manhattan does; nor indeed could it in view of the scarcity of psychiatric resources. When India gained independence, there were about fifty psychiatrists in the country, many of them army doctors; now the number is estimated at only about 500 for India's 640 million people; others—perhaps too many—leave India to practice abroad. Medical and psychiatric facilities range from the basic care given free in clinics and large hospitals, through part-payment, to expensive private treatment.
Only the severest cases from the 66 per 1,000 seek official medical help, Verghese considers, the criterion being inability to go out to work or to housekeep. Most—about 80 percent, he estimates—have been to at least one local healer before coming to the hospital. With hysterical and neurotic symptoms he believes the healers can have great success; patients, particularly those from rural areas, are likely to attribute their symptoms to witchcraft or the violation of a taboo, which provides a rationale for the healer.
Erna Hoch, a Swiss psychiatrist who has lived in rural Kashmir, has studied the work of "pirs" and "faquirs" there. She argues that they use processes that—covertly, anyway—also have a place in Western psychotherapy. The healer may act as a catalyst to the illness; he may "transfer" some of his own health or energy to the patient; he may offer a symbolic rebirth; he may operate a kind of temporary "dialysis" whereby he absorbs the patient's sickness ("every psychotherapist at some time or other has felt like blotting paper that has to absorb the patient's anger and other negative emotions," she adds). She observed frequent instant "cures," not always lasting ones—though where illness is attributed to wrong actions there is a strong incentive to stay cured. The prescribing of rituals and penances seemed to be among the most effective therapies. 2
In their study of mental illness in a south Indian community, the British psychologists G.M. Carstairs and R.L. Kapur describe the work of a local healer, the Mantarwadi, or expert in horoscopes and mantras:
There were about 20 clients who, it seemed, had been waiting patiently since the early hours of the morning. Without even looking at them the Mantarwadi sat down on the only chair in the room (a bench was soon brought in for us) and started drawing with a chalk the zodiac chart for the day on the desk in front of him.
Having completed this chart he casually summoned the client sitting nearest and from the clock checked the exact time the client came face to face with him. With a wave of the hand he forbade the man from talking—as he evidently wanted to—about his present misery. The next few minutes were spent in some further calculations while the client waited patiently. Having finished the calculations the Mantarwadi spoke out with a clear commanding voice: "You are 60, you come from a place where the fish abound and you want relief from the pains and aches which have been haunting you for a long time." "And fever," said the client. "And fever," agreed the Mantarwadi…. "Is it true or is it not that your father is dead?" "Yes," agreed the client. "Then is it true or is it not that during the last three years at least once you did not complete the ritual of Shradda?" The client hung his head down and acquiesced meekly. "Well this is what comes of not attending to your dead ancestors. You will need to arrange a ritual feast to which at least five Brahmins must be invited. You will have to go to Dharmasthala and bathe in the holy water. And here is a thread which you must wear on your aching knees." Saying this he held out a piece of string, whispered a mantra over it and gave it to the man.
The man folded his hands, touched his forehead to the ground in front of the healer, and left after putting a rupee note on the desk.3
In the community of 9,000 people studied by Carstairs and Kapur there were twenty-three healers, two doctors, and a government health center. It was common for patients to consult both doctor and healer. "There are many ways to truth," says Indian tradition and philosophy.
Conventional psychiatric techniques, however, in Vellore and elsewhere, are borrowed from the Western repertoire: electro-convulsive therapy, drugs, occupational therapy, simple psychotherapy, behavior therapy; and psychiatric training follows the Western pattern. ECT is cheaper than drugs and so is freely prescribed. Dr. Verghese's department gives twenty-five to thirty a day—without anaesthetic because an anaesthetist would be an expensive luxury. His psychotherapeutic sessions are not, of course, modeled on psychoanalysis (though Freudian concepts are familiar here, as everywhere else); Indian patients, he says, expect support and advice from their doctors.
One aspect of his work he is justifiably proud of: his "family participation" scheme, which is either as old as the hills, or very new, or both. The Centre has facilities for forty-two patients to be accommodated with one or two family members. (There is far less institutionalization in India than in the West; patients who are really "put away" are either from the dispossessed of the big cities, or else have no relatives.) Each family has a simple suite in the huts that surround the compound. The scheme has several advantages: cheapness is one, for relatives cook for the patient and look after him. Another is that they can be taught to understand the illness and care for the patient on discharge. And it agrees well with the Indian tradition of expecting relatives to provide much of the food and care for hospital patients; the Centre's patients, with their strong family ties, find it comforting. "They are frightened of coming here," says Dr. Verghese, "but when it is time to leave they don't want to go."
What does Vellore's pattern of mental health care have to say about ordinary neurotic illness in an undeveloped area? One striking difference between West and East is that most of the patients coming to the Centre complain of physical rather than mental symptoms. This might seem to be a result of CMC's special position: because it is well known for its neurological department, many patients have been sent there for physical investigations before being referred as psychiatric cases. But the observation is supported by the very careful research done by Carstairs and Kapur. They studied psychiatric symptoms in a community rather than a hospital; and they too found pains, headaches, and hysterical symptoms to be the commonest complaints, present in about 18 percent of their population, after they had established that malnutrition and anemia were not the causes. Sleeplessness, forgetfulness, anxiety, and depression followed with diminishing frequency.
Medard Boss, a Swiss psychiatrist who visited and lectured in India, has suggested that Indian patients may actually be more like the patients from whom Freud drew his theories than are modern Westerners. 4 Greater self-consciousness, an intellectual acquaintance, however vague, with the concept of repression, has, for instance, in some mysterious way caused "conversion hysteria" almost to disappear from the sophisticated patient's repertoire of symptoms. Patients in the West now generally present themselves plainly as sad or anxious rather than hampered by the pains, paralyses, ties, and fugues that once took their way more or less dissociated from their owners' awareness.
Another fact plainly different from Western expectations is that more men than women are admitted to Vellore's Mental Health Centre. This does not necessarily mean that the women have fewer psychological problems—Dr. Verghese believes that they suffer from neurotic symptoms more than men, and this has some support from research—but that men seem more likely to become psychotic. Carstairs and Kapur found the same, and it would be interesting to know whether there is other corroboration. Verghese's explanation is that, while Indian communities can tolerate schizophrenic members who in the West would be hospitalized, women are more easily carried by the family and community in this way than the breadwinners, for whom a cure is urgent.
South to Pondicherry, ceded to India by the French in 1954, home of the Aurobindo ashram. It was here that the distinguished psychiatrist N.C. Surya came when he threw up his job as director of the National Institute of Mental Health at Bangalore. Trained in Europe and the US, formerly a Marxist, he was following an Indian tradition of abandoning the world for spiritual concerns when the moment is right; Aurobindo, founder of the ashram, did the same when he gave up his fight for Indian independence and retreated to Pondicherry. While outside Pondicherry steams in the sun, the ashram library is all greenery, coolness, and hush. Dr. Surya comes out of the library carrying the rolled umbrella (against the sun) that, like an Englishman, he seldom opens.
"You must understand first that I am leading a perfectly selfish life. I am doing what I know is right for me; about other people I don't know. I only know that I must get this machine"—he slaps his chest—"into better harmony, gradually and bit by bit. First I am learning to drive my own chariot; after that I can think of outside affairs. All illness is caused here, in ourselves. We treat machines well, we treat animals well, but we wreck the body. Yet people don't want to change; man is in love with suffering, Aurobindo said. If only we don't perceive things as harmful then they won't make us ill. This suffering is the same anywhere: yes, the rich have the leisure to be neurotic, but the poor man out on the street has his illnesses too. There is just as much strife and anger in the villages as anywhere else.
"The doctor, the psychiatrist, can only heal by being in alignment with himself and absorbing the patient's illness. Yes, just like a sponge. For this he must have experience in the management of at least one total human being, and that can only be himself. And he must never start to believe he can take on the burdens of the whole world; he must limit himself and be humble.
"I mistrust explanations. A man can come to you with one headache and you can end up sending him away with ten more. More and more people are making money by writing books, thinking up more and more psychological explanations. The simplest, quickest method is best. I don't necessarily consider myself the agent of cure. The patient is that himself; or someone else may come along, a kind uncle….
"Do you know the books of Ivan Illich? I have much sympathy with him. We are teaching people to be helpless with our explanations. Everyone has a natural problem-solving ability and psychiatry is eroding it. A man came to me saying that he had suffered so much through his parents. I said, 'How old are you?' 'Twenty-one.' 'Where are your parents?' 'Three hundred miles away.' 'Then why do you still tell me about your mother and father—are they in the next room? Are they sitting on your head?' When a man is grown-up he must decide to liberate himself and he can do so."
Pondicherry, in its steamy south-eastern corner, could hardly be more different from Ahmedabad in the northern state of Gujerat. This is a large and relatively prosperous industrial city which has been dominated for centuries by its textile industry. Gandhi, returning to live in India in 1915, set up his first ashram on the bank of the Sabarmati River there; and in 1918 he led a mill-workers' strike against the powerful mill owner Ambalal Sarabhai.
Gandhi's helper in organizing the strike was Sarabhai's sister Anasuya, a suffragette and trade union leader who became known as the Mother of the Labour Union. Even though Sarabhai fought the strike, he was an admirer of Gandhi and an enlightened man who was unconventional enough to keep his wife out of purdah.
The Sarabhais clearly are an unusual family and so it is no surprise that Kamalini Sarabhai, wife of Ambalal's son Gautam, is one of the rare Indian psychoanalysts who trained abroad but works in India. (There is an autonomous Indian Psychoanalytic Society in Calcutta, established in 1922 by Girindrasekhar Bose, a distant admirer of Freud; it has about thirty-five members of whom a number have emigrated or retired.) "My father-in-law made it quite clear to me that I had to go out and do something for myself," Mrs. Sarabhai says; she responded by taking her two daughters with her to England—her husband joining her whenever he could—and undertaking six years of psychoanalytic training at London's Psychoanalytical Society. Perhaps she was influenced by the fact that Ambalal Sarabhai once visited Vienna—anonymously—to consult Freud.5
Mrs. Sarabhai is also a director of the Bakubhai Mansukhai (BM for short) Institute of Ahmedabad. Here perhaps Indian mental health care at its most Western is to be found—though there is nothing slavish about its attitudes and it is entirely staffed by Indians. The American psychologists Lois and Gardner Murphy advised on its founding in 1951, and it has strong links with English centers such as the Tavistock. The BM Institute has a school and workshop for the retarded, an infant assessment clinic, an audiology clinic, a family therapy center, and a day-care unit, as well as its psychotherapy program, school for normal children, and training and research schemes.
At a case conference the previous day's cases are discussed. A depressed, backward boy of twelve: he has lived in the city with his grandparents since he was four so that he could attend school, and his grandmother beats him; his aunt wants the Institute's intervention. The baby daughter of a well-to-do family doesn't speak or respond to speech; her hearing is to be tested. An adolescent has failed his exams, won't read, has few employment prospects; he also has fits, and is referred by the school for neurological tests. A nine-year-old Tamil boy who had tuberculous meningitis at two years old did not walk or talk until he was six; the Institute's help is asked in giving him special education.
Though the Institute's prime concern is children, it takes more adults than children for psychotherapy. The clientele for therapy is probably rather more sophisticated and well-to-do than that of the CMC Mental Health Centre. The therapy given is not only classical psychoanalysis but a mixture of counseling, family therapy, and group work. What sort of patient explicitly seeks psychotherapy, I ask. Mrs. Sarabhai gives the example of a severely depressed Muslim foreman from one of the mills who complained that the hospital's pills had done him no good; he wanted "talking treatment" instead. Did she encounter any specially typical psychiatric problems? Two that came to mind were the young male who is anxious, afraid of a strict father, unable to make independent decisions; and the "first-generation learner" who comes from an illiterate family and breaks down under the pressure of social change.
The surprise, at first, is that mental illness and its treatment in India are not more strikingly different from Western patterns. Even a profoundly different religious outlook, social organization, and standard of living clearly do not affect basic vulnerability to anxiety, depression, or breakdown. Freud may have been partly right, though, in assuming that neurosis is the price we pay for civilization, for even in India urbanization and increased sophistication are apparently accompanied by a higher incidence of symptoms. A recent collection of papers6 from a seminar led in India by Erik Erikson presents a picture of increasingly prevalent anomie, Eastern-style. In it the associate director of the BM Institute argues that there is an "identity vacuum" for Indians at the present time: values that are appropriate in an uncompetitive agrarian society break down under modern pressures; traditions and established roles are threatened by the mass media.
But after similarities between East and West are noted, the dissimilarities become more evident. One of the most distinct is the greater tendency among Indian psychiatric patients to convert mental pain into physical; perhaps convert is the wrong word—the Indian patient may not feel the strict body/mind distinction that we take for granted. Erna Hoch has written that "if one tries to differentiate whether a person who says 'my heart does not feel like it' or 'my liver is not doing its work' actually means the physical organ or some emotional disturbance, one often evokes puzzlement, as a separation of the two has never been made in the patient's way of thinking."7
An Indian psychoanalyst now practicing in England describes another way in which she found Indian patients different from Western ones. "They seemed to have no resistances! They accepted everything I said, just swallowed it up. This was very hard for me. I found myself making too many interpretations. And they would arrive so early and so eagerly!" Many—superficially at any rate—had an almost religious faith in the therapist's mystique. Medard Boss, however, noted that although his Indian patients had boundless faith in him, their dependency and immaturities close to the surface and causing them no conflict, they were relatively lacking in motivation to mature and become more independent.
J.S. Neki of the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences in New Delhi has suggested a different model for the therapeutic relationship in India, that of guru and disciple. Though there are obvious differences between the roles of guru and therapist—the guru teaches the control of negative emotions rather than their exploration, and he does not withhold himself emotionally from the disciple—Neki sees many similarities: both are dispassionate and persevering, preferring to help the pupil formulate questions rather than give the answer themselves, and both teach him to look inward rather than outward.8
Neki has also examined the great difference between India and the West in attitudes toward dependency. In psychotherapy it becomes a key issue: the Western patient fights against dependence, the Western therapist treats it as a problem that has to be managed and kept under control. Neki sees both partners as caught in an anxiety specific to Western culture: "both of them engage in a struggle to defend their own personal independence in a climate that inevitably becomes charged with anxiety and sometimes even with hostility."9 In India, he argues, dependency of one person on another is taken for granted, and "where letting others take charge of you is not considered ignoble or undignified, no outrage of personal dignity occurs by depending on them." The Western therapist's formality is taken for unfriendliness; the Indian's natural behavior is to
strive to establish a friendly relationship, and look for signs of reciprocity in the therapist's behaviour and utterance. [Indians] offer gifts, extend invitations to visit their residences or to marriages and other social functions…. A distrust of formal contacts and a cosy feeling of security and reassurance in informal contacts is the common characteristic of our people. Even if we are buying some goods from a shopkeeper, we either try to transact business with a known person or attempt to develop familiarity during the business. 10
Psychotherapeutic work in India may be developing a pattern of its own that incorporates these attitudes.
In a study of the inner world of the Indian, Sudhir Kakar, trained on the Continent, a former lecturer at Harvard who practices in New Delhi, discusses the pervasive and seldom examined world-picture of a culture, the "heart of a community identity": the Indian, he believes, is deeply molded by his background of belief in a progression of incarnations, of an inescapable karma, of the samskaras (innate dispositions) with which he is born. He is consequently—by our standards—more passive as well as more dependent and gregarious.
With the cultural acceptance of the notion of samskara, there is little social pressure to foster the belief that if only the caretakers were good enough, and constantly on their toes, the child's potentialities would be boundlessly fulfilled. With the Hindu emphasis on man's inner limits, there is not that sense of urgency and struggle against the outside world, with prospects of sudden metamorphoses and great achievements just around the corner, that often seem to propel Western lives.11
Yet the Indian, he continues, always knows above all that he is part of a network of his fellows, always functions as part of a close group.
Perhaps they have always been the norm, and the Western sense of separateness and lonely achievement an aberration of the past hundred years or so. Through the eyes of Indians we can catch a glimpse of our own cultural peculiarities. The Western therapist's anxiety about dependency is understandable, Neki says, because "most Western patients are lonely in life and have unsatisfied dependency cravings, and therapists are afraid that resolution of dependency will be resisted by the patient. In India, patients nearly always have a variety of 'significant others' around them to whom dependency-leanings can always be transferred by a deft therapist." And the Westerner "has become cut off from introspection and meditation. Psychotherapy perhaps serves to provide him with a substitute for it." He quotes a colleague who puts it even more strongly:
The institution of psychotherapy, indeed the movement for mental health itself, may be viewed as both a symbolic and substantive cultural undertaking to meet the deficits in the Western way of life and to cope with the negative psychological implications of its premises.12
Whether India, with its close and comforting network of family and community ties, should ever aim at psychiatric provision on the Western scale is doubtful. If it needs to, it will perhaps be a sign of social disintegration. Nor should we assume that therapeutic methods and attitudes adapted to Westerners are the only ones for the less isolated, less striving, less intellectualized Indian patient. Indian psychiatry will surely begin to reject what feels inappropriate and foreign. Surya has written that the present-day Indian psychiatrist "has learnt his medical and psychiatric lessons in a language and in conceptual frameworks which are wholly foreign to the milieu of his birth and habitation"; that unless this is changed "we will end up as ineffectual caricatures of Western psychiatric theory and practice, or reduce our living patients into a set of prestige-loaded foreign jargon."13 Perhaps India has acquired all it needs from Western concepts of mental health and Western methods of trying to restore it, and will draw more confidently now on its own.
More by Rosemary Dinnage
Lessons of the Master
In Love with Verdi
November 6, 2003 issue
'The Illness of Ingrained Sorrow'
Rosemary Dinnage's books include The Ruffian on the Stair, One to One: Experiences of Psychotherapy, and Annie Besant.
D.N. Nandi, Psychoanalysis in Urban and Rural India. National Seminar on Psychotherapeutic Processes (National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 1978). ↩
Erna Hoch, Process in Instant Cure. National Seminar on Psychotherapeutic Processes (National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 1978). ↩
G.M. Carstairs and R.L. Kapur, The Great Universe of Kota (University of California Press, 1976). ↩
Medard Boss, A Psychiatrist Discovers India (Dufour Editions, 1965). ↩
Erik H. Erikson, Gandhi's Truth (Norton, 1969). ↩
Identity and Adulthood, edited by Sudhir Kakar, with an introductory lecture by Erik H. Erikson (Oxford University Press, 1979). ↩
Erna Hoch, "A Pattern of Neurosis in India," American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 1966. ↩
J.S. Neki, "Guru-Chela Relationship: The Possibility of a Therapeutic Paradigm," American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1973, pp. 755-766. ↩
J.S. Neki, "An Examination of the Cultural Relativism of Dependence as a Dynamic of Social and Therapeutic Relationships," I and II, British Journal of Medical Psychology, no. 49 (1976), pp. 1-22. ↩
A.S. Mahal, "Problems of Psychotherapy with Indian Patients," in Personality Development and Personal Illness, edited by J.S. Neki and G.G. Prabhu (Mental Health Monograph No. 2, New Delhi: All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, 1974). ↩
Sudhir Kakar, The Inner World: A Psychoanalytic Study of Childhood and Society in India (Oxford University Press, 1978). ↩
S.K. Pande: "The Mystique of 'Western' Psychotherapy and Eastern Interpretation," Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, no. 146 (1968), pp. 425-432. ↩
N.C. Surya and S.S. Jayaram, "Some Basic Considerations of Psychotherapy in the Indian Setting," Indian Journal of Psychiatry, no. 6 (1964), pp. 153-156. ↩
V. H.
To a Western Peace Activist
Gail Pressberg
Israel and the Occupied Territories: An Urgent Appeal by the ICRC
May 18, 1989 issue
Amnesty International on Argentina
On the Bombing of Aleppo
The world is witnessing a humanitarian catastrophe of historic proportions.
Martin Garbus
New Mag in Moscow
Giovanni Agnelli Foundation
The Senator Giovanni Agnelli International Prize
Christa Wolf, translated by Henning Gutmann
A Speech in East Berlin
From a New Year's Day Speech


Junior Face Off Power Hockey with Overhead Electronic Scoring by Great American, a company that is dedicated to serving the needs of all levels of players. From the design of their game tables, through the manufacturing process, Great American has always maintained the philosophy that the customers needs come first.
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Medical diagnosis: Will brain palpation soon be possible?
INSERM (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale)
IMAGE: Inserm researchers, using MRI, have succeeded in detecting natural shear waves in the brain using computational techniques borrowed from seismologists and known as 'noise correlation'. view more
Credit: ©Inserm/ Stéfan Catheline
This news release is available in French.
If there is one technique used by the physician to explore the human body during every medical examination in order to make a diagnosis or prescribe further tests, it is palpation. By its nature, however, the brain cannot be palpated without using a highly invasive procedure (craniotomy, or opening the skull), which is limited to rare cases. By drawing on seismology, Inserm researchers led by Stéfan Catheline (Inserm Unit 1032, "Therapeutic Applications of Ultrasound") have just developed a noninvasive brain imaging method using MRI that provides the same information as physical palpation. Ultimately, it could be used in the early diagnosis of brain tumours or Alzheimer's disease. This work is published in PNAS.
Many diseases involve structural changes in tissues, which are reflected in a change in their mechanical properties, such as elasticity. Using the sensitivity of their hands, and their detailed knowledge of the body, physicians, through an examination known as palpation, can assess the size and stiffness of a tumour, the presence of inflamed lymph nodes, or the size and position of the foetus in a pregnant woman, to mention a few examples.
This palpation has been supplemented or replaced by modern techniques that give the physician an indication of the elasticity of a biological tissue. They are based on the generation and detection of waves that propagate through the body at varying speeds depending on the stiffness of the organs (the stiffer the tissue, the slower the wave propagation, and vice versa). However, this method cannot be applied to the brain, which, doubly protected by the cranium and cerebrospinal fluid, is difficult for externally applied waves to access. It is therefore impossible to directly or indirectly palpate the brain, something that greatly complicates the work of neurosurgeons. On the other hand, the brain is the seat of natural vibrations created by the blood pulsating in the arteries and the circulating cerebrospinal fluid. There remained a significant unprecedented challenge: how to capture this complex field of natural shear waves, and represent it on a computer screen.
In this article, Inserm researchers, using MRI, have succeeded in detecting natural shear waves in the brain using computational techniques borrowed from seismologists and known as "noise correlation".They were thus able to build images of the brain's elasticity.
"If this method can be developed for clinical use, it will be a boon for both the patient and the physician, since making the brain vibrate is quite painful at the moment. Of course, this method will be complementary to those that already exist, and the future is in a multimodal medical diagnosis," says Stéfan Catheline, Inserm Research Director and main author of this work. "Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and hydrocephalus involve changes in the stiffness of the brain tissues. This new technique allows their detection, and could be used to avoid brain biopsies. "
This method for palpating the brain could have other areas of application, such as for analysing the development of neurodegenerative processes, the impact of a lesion from a trauma or tumour, response to treatment, etc.
Brain palpation from physiological vibrations using MRI
Zorgania,b, Rémi Souchona,b, Au-Hoang Dinha,b, Jean-Yves Chapelona,b, Jean-Michel Ménagerc, Samir Lounisc, Olivier Rouvièrea,b,d, and Stéfan Cathelinea,b,1
a Inserm, U1032, Labtau, Lyon, F-69003, France;
b University of Lyon 1, F-69003, France;
c Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Radiology Centre, Rue Francis de Préssensé, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France; and
d Lyon Civil Hospitals, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, F-69003, France
PNAS, 5 October 2015
INVESTIGATOR CONTACT
Stéfan Catheline
Inserm Unit 1032, "Therapeutic Applications of Ultrasound"
stefan.catheline@inserm.fr
http://labtau.univ-lyon1.fr/
presse@inserm.fr
Access the Inserm press room: presse-inserm.fr/en/
The press release in English: http://presse-inserm.fr/en/medical-diagnosis-will-brain-palpation-soon-be-possible/20866/
In French: http://presse-inserm.fr/diagnostic-medical-la-palpation-du-cerveau-bientot-possible/20866/
@inserm_EN
http://www.presse-inserm.fr/en
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING/ELECTRONICS
Medical Diagnosis: Will Brain Palpation Soon Be Possible? (IMAGE)
http://presse-inserm.fr/en/medical-diagnosis-will-brain-palpation-soon-be-possible/20866/


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Port Royal State Historic Park
Donate Active Alerts
December 2020: COVID-19 Updates for Day Use Areas
Tennessee State Parks are open. Park hours may vary from normal operations in response to COVID-19. Certain parks or areas of parks may close if they reach capacity. Events may have limited capacity.
Please Note: Masks are required inside all state park facilities. For more information about this and other guidelines, please see our Keeping Visitors Healthy page to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience.
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Directions & Contact Info
Port Royal State Historic Park is small, but it holds a large story. The town of Port Royal was established in 1797, one year after Tennessee Statehood. The creation of a tobacco inspection point and flatboat yard led to the town's role as a regional tobacco town—one that relied on dark fired tobacco as currency and saw flatboats leave down the Red River to New Orleans by the dozens every year. The park is 30 acres and is located in Adams, Tennessee.
What began as a small flatboat port eventually saw the construction of a Silk Mill (the only in Tennessee), general stores, tailors' shops, inns, taverns, churches and warehouses. A thriving community! In 1838, over 10,000 Cherokee slept in the State of Tennessee for the last time at Port Royal. Today Port Royal is part of the National Trail of Tears Historic Trail. Port Royal prospered over the 19th century, built by the labors of enslaved men and women, slowing only after the American Civil War and the coming of the railroad.
Port Royal's story is complicated. It's the story of enslaved men, women, and children. It is the story of the Cherokee. It is the story of agriculture and commerce. It is a series of connected moments that unveil the story of Tennessee. Come visit with us, and connect with something bigger than yourself.
Park Trail Maps
Looking for a trail map? Click the link below to see a list of the maps available at this park. The page includes all the trail maps we have available, organized by park. We have free and paid options that provide you the details you need to have your next great adventure in Tennessee.


Christianity – What's it all about?
Christian jargon often doesn't translate in any meaningful way for our society, or even for our own members. Much of our language needs unpacking and explaining. One such term in the Christian church today is 'holiness'. What does the word 'holy' mean?
Our understanding comes from God's own character. He repeatedly calls Israel to 'be holy because I, the LORD your God, am holy' (Leviticus 19:2). His holiness refers to his complete moral perfection. In God there is no sin, evil, or compromise. He is, and always will be, faithful, true, good, and merciful. To be holy therefore means to be like God – perfect! Holiness also has a second meaning in the bible; to be set apart for special use. So a library is a building set apart to house books, and a teacher is a person set apart to teach students. These are the two ways the bible speaks about holiness.
This means we have a problem. Because we are far from being morally perfect, and fail to meet our own standards, much less God's, we lack holiness. Why is this a problem? As we see today in the book of Joshua, this sets us apart for destruction. In his holiness God cannot tolerate our lack of holiness; our sin. The trouble with God's holiness is that it demands holiness from us.
What a joy it is then to discover the word of grace that comes to us in Jesus. By his sin bearing death, that we've celebrated at Easter, Jesus has 'become for us wisdom from God– that is, our righteousness, holiness and redemption' (1 Corinthians 1:30). What we lacked Jesus has provided. Now all who trust in him are washed from their sin, and made clean in God's sight, and are set apart for holiness!
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Recommended fabrics: pre-padded nylon fabric (raincoat-type fabrics).
You will need: Pre-padded nylon fabric; wool flannel for lining; 4 metal snaps 1.2 cm (1/2") in diameter.
1. Sew shoulder seams and press allowances open. Sew shoulder seams of lining, press allowances open.
2. Place shell and lining together face-to-face, sew at neckline, front edges, bottom and armholes. Clip allowances in corners and at curved areas. Turn the garment to the face side through the side seam. Press all recent seams.
3. Sew side seams of shell. Sew side seams of lining, leaving open areas in the MIDDLE of each side seam of lining. Hand-sew open areas of side seams of lining.
4. Topstitch at 0.5 cm (1/4") garment at neckline, front edges, bottom and armholes.
5. Install snaps according to pattern markings.


Endothelial dysfunction may be a good indicator of the presence of various diseases, such as diabetes, stroke, cancer, and atherosclerosis.
This research work evaluated the relationship between the vascular endothelium and the development of several human diseases. Researchers reviewed evidences and data obtained from several published literatures on the subject. They discovered that endothelial dysfunction is linked with different types of diseases, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, stroke, cancer, chronic kidney failure, and peripheral vascular diseases. The findings of this review show that normal endothelial function may be a vital for the maintenance of sound health.
Rajendran P, Rengarajan T, Thangavel J, Nishigaki Y, Sakthisekaran D, Sethi G, Nishigaki I.
NPO-International Laboratory of Biochemistry,1-166, Uchide, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya 454-0926, Japan.


If you're close to retiring, that means you'll be on a pretty strict budget to help ensure your retirement dollars go the full distance. So finding yourself in need of a new car may seem like a very daunting task -- can you really afford an expense like that right now?
BankRate.com understand this, and to help they've recently released a list of what they consider the top seven cars for retirees on a budget. All the cars on the list are below the $36,500 mark, and include vehicles that received top marks for safety and ride quality. Vehicles on the list include the 2015 Ford Fusion Hybrid SE, 2014 Jeep Grand Cherokee Limited, and 2014 Chevrolet Impala 2LT.
And to really stay within your budget, make sure to use both TrueCar No Haggle and Edmunds Price Promise for even greater savings on these vehicles.


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(http://camellia-sinensis.com/en/visit-us)
Out on the Town, Private, Student Life
Tech-free tea time
Written by Christina Santella on June 27, 2016
More in Out on the Town:
A fast-paced night showcases slow fashion in Montreal November 26, 2019
There is a unique experience around each corner in Montréal. Of the many internationally-inspired cafés, Camellia Sinensis Tea House, nestled in Montreal's Quartier Latin, is the epitome of serenity. Located on Rue Émery, this gem allows customers to escape from the fast pace of the city and enjoy a cup of tea without the ties of electronic devices. Founded in 1998 by four tea connoisseurs—Kevin Gascoyne, Jasmin Desharnais, François Marchand and Hugo Américi—the tea house continues to showcase a plethora of carefully selected teas from each co-owner's annual spring travels around Asia.
Every inch of the tea shop's interior emanates tranquility. Dim lighting, hushed conversation, warmly-coloured walls and furniture, and a welcoming staff all contribute to its sense of calmness. The zen music played in the tea house is carefully selected from a wide range of styles to uphold the coveted ambiance. Table seating is restricted to two or three people to avoid large groups and to permit quiet conversation. The staff even strike a gong to signal when the noise exceeds a comfortable level.
Perhaps one of the most unique aspects of this spot is its tech-free enforcement, which was implemented several years after the tea room opened.
"At one point, I came into the tea house and there were probably 11 laptops open," Gascoyne said. "Nobody was talking to each other and the whole art of conversation was lost."
This concern over customers' distraction from the present drove the owners to eliminate Wi-Fi from the shop entirely. The intention behind this is to provide an honest experience in which the customer is focused on the imported tea and the present moment—not on their cell phone.
"Something that is quite different from other places that you go is that there is just this ripple of conversation, people reading books," Gascoyne said. "You get this very mindful sense of present space."
Though the choice to remove Wi-Fi in the midst of today's technological era was a daring one, customers have responded very positively.
"What keeps me coming back is absolutely the calming, zen atmosphere and superb tea," said Samantha Simpson, a U2 Finance student and a frequent guest at Camellia Sinensis. "The no [tech] zone offers a rare opportunity to enjoy a book or your friend's company without any distractions."
The no [tech] zone offers a rare opportunity to enjoy a book or your friend's company without any distractions.
Another key component of Camellia Sinensis is its educational facet. In particular, the Camellia Sinensis team has published prize-winning tea books, operates two tea schools—one in Montreal and the other in Québec City—offering over 20 workshops and courses, and they even hold conferences tailored to address specific questions about tea and its health benefits.
"We're involved in all sorts of educational programs," Gascoyne said. "All related to this catalogue that we put together every year of the teas we buy in Asia."
Housing 243 teas—each bought directly from growers across Asia—Camellia Sinensis' tea catalogue has gained world renown and earned the shop a position among the high-end tea shops of Montreal.
"What initially drew me to the shop is the [freedom from technology] as well as its high rank in the Montreal tea scene," Vanessa Antonacci, Montreal local and guest at Camellia Sinensis, said. "The immense variety of authentic teas is definitely what keeps me coming back."
Each of the four co-owners specializes in teas from different regions of Asia. Marchand, who selects green teas and aged Liu Bao, and Desharnais, who chooses teas of all styles, each specialize in a distinct region of China. Américi's regional specialty is mainly Wulong and green tea produced in Taiwan, Japan, and Vietnam. Gascoyne's domain of expertise is black tea, found in regions of India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. This year's visit was Gascoyne's 23rd consecutive spring spent in the Himalayas tasting and meticulously selecting the best single lots of tea for the shop.
Given the shop's extensive and diverse array of high-grade tea offered, Gascoyne understands that it can be quite daunting to novice tea drinkers. As such, he and his co-owners strive to make the shop accessible to all.
"We really [aim] to have [our tea] as a democratic product," Gascoyne said. "Everybody could taste how good tea is, regardless of whether they know at what altitude it was grown at or the cultivar it was made from."
"The ideal visit is to let us introduce [one] to an adventure in [tea] tasting," Gascoyne said. An adventure in this off-the-grid environment is all the more exciting.
Visit Camellia Sinensis online here, or visit their Facebook page.
Montreal cafe
tech-free


Grab the attention of local customers searching for your services with these simple ways to stand out on Google.
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A quick and simple guide to help you craft the kinds of headlines people want to click.
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Discover the powerful features of Cloudstream's Manage and Create functions. Manage your player(s), create on-hold audio and storecasting productions, assign music stations and even create custom on-hold audio scripts.
Learn how to use Cloudstream's powerful Device Manager to assign on-hold audio, streaming business music and storecasting productions to a device.
Learn how to use Cloudstream's powerful Production Manager to create on-hold audio and storecasting productions.
Learn how to connect the Cloudstream Dual Zone Network Audio Player to your network, telephone system and overhead music amplifier.
Learn how to change and configure different network setting (DHCP, WI-Fi and Static IP) on the Cloudstream Dual Zone Network Audio player.
Learn how to create and order custom on-hold audio messages using the powerful Cloudstream Custom Messages utility.
Adding a new device to your account is simple! Watch this tutorial to see how.
Learn how to use Cloudstream's powerful advanced scheduling features to schedule background music, message on-hold and storecasting productions.
In addition to the ability to schedule an entire production from the Device Manager, you can also schedule individual messages within a production. Here's how to utilize this powerful scheduling tool.
As you create more productions, you may find it helpful to be able to organize them into folders. This video will show you how.
As you add more players to your account, you may find it helpful to be able to organize them into folders so that all the devices in the group can be managed together. This video shows you how.
Uploading your own music and messages to the Cloudstream interface is easy! This video shows you how to upload your own .mp3 music and message files to use in your Cloudstream productions.
No network connection, no problem. Learn how to change your device to USB mode to manage your message on-hold content without a network connection.
Learn how to update a message on-hold production to an offline device in USB mode using a USB flash drive.


"Excited to be joining Jeff Lynne´s ELO for their 20-date North American tour this summer. Tickets are on sale now at DhaniHarrison.com", was the message Dhani Harrison shared on social media.
Jeff Lynne´s ELO tour kicks off June 20th on what appears to be a 25-date tour (see photo for dates and venues).
Jeff and Dhani have worked together quite a bit. Both were producers of George Harrison´s posthumous release, "Brainwashed", which came out in 2002. The two also worked together on "The Concert for George" later that same year featuring some of George´s best musician friends like Eric Clapton, Tom Petty, Billy Preston, Ringo Starr, Paul McCartney, Gary Brooker and many others.


You can also submit a 'Thank You' card as part of Hospitality and Accommodation Services' recognition scheme.
We value your feedback and are always striving to improve our services.
If you would like to get in touch with a member of staff, visit the Meet the team page, or you can contact us on 0121 414 2899 and via email at adm-cleanliving@adf.bham.ac.uk.
In compliance with Data Protection Law, the University is unable to divulge information relating to your account to a third party unless we are in possession of your third party consent.
For more information about how the University might use your data, please visit our Privacy Pages.


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Q: SignalR clients not receiving messages Absolutely stumped for days here.
I have an AspNetCore.SignalRCore hub where I create a group for each connected device i.e.
public async Task<bool> RegisterDeviceOnGroup(string identifier) { //identifier is mobile number
            try {
                var connectionId = GetConnectionId();
                await Groups.AddToGroupAsync(connectionId, identifier);
                return true;
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                return false;
            }
        }

I can log and see that the clients groups are being created.
Then I send a message from a controller (with the HubContext injected) as follows:
await _hubContext.Clients.Group(identifier).SendAsync("HandleMessage", args);

I also send:
await _hubContext.Clients.All.SendAsync("HandleMessage", args);

(just for test purposes)
I log these interactions on the server and am happy that they are being hit BUT after a short while (a few minutes) the devices stop receiving the messages.
It's almost as if the HubContext has lost the groups. Is that a possibility?
I have tried storing the identifiers in memory and in a DB but regardless after a short period devices no longer receive messages. I am running trace level debug and can see that the devices are still connected.
Any ideas will help?


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Q: C# Webbrowser simulate click I want simulate click to c# webbrowser. But I could not successful.
This Html Code to be clicked:
2
3
4
5

My incorrect C# click code:
foreach (HtmlElement el in webBrowser1.Document.GetElementsByTagName("a"))
 {
    if (el.GetAttribute("aria-label") == "4")
    {
       el.InvokeMember("Click");
    }
 }

i want to click by area-label number

A: Try this
 foreach (HtmlElement el in webBrowser1.Document.GetElementsByTagName("a"))
 {
     if (el.OuterHtml.Contains("4"))
     {
         el.InvokeMember("click");
         break;
     }
 }


Welcome to the Lower Macungie Mustangs Volunteer Page!
Welcome to the 2018 Lower Mac Mustangs Football Year!
Donations (baked goods and HELP) are welcome at any time!
4-6 people are needed per shift to adequately staff the concessions tents and grill – so nearly 30 people for each home game!
There is a sign up schedule that can be viewed for each game on the www.lmmustangsfootball.org website under the 'volunteers' tab at the top of the page. Please email me ( ) with any questions.
Alternately, you can see me at the concessions tent where I'll have the master schedule for you to sign-up.
PLEASE help me make the concessions portion of the 2018 Mustang Season a success!


A double ended commission is where the real estate agent represents both the buyer and seller in a sale and receives both ends of the commission...the buyers end and the sellers end. Hope this answers your question. A double end commission is a commission from both sides of the transaction; one... PRODUCT INFORMATION 2x Stuk CARPET TAPE 36mmx5m Double Sided Adhesion *Australian Brand Stuk 5 m Carpet Tape is perfect for keeping on hand around the home.
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For Sale By Owner Sign - 4 Premium Yard Signs Bulk Pack - 18" x 24" Inches - Large Directional Arrows - Double Sided Real Estate Sale Stand Post with H Wire Stakes - Realtor Agents Supplies (Red) 4.2 out of 5 stars 29. $31.99. Next. Pages with related products.


During the Second World War, the U.S. State Department was notorious for its role in impeding the immigration of refugees, particularly Jews. Reflecting fears about German spies, the Department issued a so-called "relatives rule," which instructed U.S. consuls abroad to deny visas to any applicant with close relatives in Nazi-occupied territory. Breckinridge Long, the State Department official who supervised the Visa Division, was notorious for his work to prevent emigration to the United States. Long even went so far as to write a memo in 1940, outlining how the State Department could block all immigration if necessary.
Few at the State Department did more than Long to prevent emigration of refugees. Long pressured Roosevelt to curtail the list of political refugees: that is, at-risk religious and intellectual figures who would have an easier time emigrating. Long also temporarily blocked news of Nazi mass murder from reaching the United States, for which the Treasury Department reported him to Roosevelt. When legislation appeared in Congress to urge creation of a separate commission for Europe's Jews, Long gave false testimony and exaggerated the number of refugees admitted by the State Department.
Long pressured Roosevelt to curtail the list of political refugees: that is, at-risk religious and intellectual figures who would have an easier time emigrating.
One document I've seen multiple times in the Boston Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society case files, and a byproduct of the State Department, is a notice from July 1941. The notice advises the recipient that the State Department will now be handling visa applications. The letter spells out the consequences of this: "it will be necessary that the entire procedure be started anew by filing new affidavits." Just like that, people were back to square one with their immigration cases. U.S. consulates were shut down in Nazi-occupied territory that same month, and the number of financial affidavits needed to emigrate was doubled. Visa applications now appeared before a government panel that included representatives from numerous military and security departments.
For those who filed new affidavits, the odds of approval were low. The State Department's Interdepartmental Visa Review Committee was not required to provide reasons for denying visas, and agencies like HIAS Boston could often only speculate on why a visa had been denied. Consulates also had wide authority to deny visas. Secretary of State Cordell Hull advised consulates to take great caution in granting visas, and to err on the side of refusing them. In one case, a person with an affidavit from one of Boston's wealthiest individuals was informed that their financial records were insufficient.
Some people were put on a waiting list before the war, endured and survived the war, and then discovered afterward that their number still hadn't been called.
Many people didn't get that far in the immigration process. In 1938, under the quota system, the waiting list for Germans emigrating to the United States was more than ten years long. One of the few things more disheartening than the 1941 visa notices are case files where people were put on waiting lists. Some people were put on a waiting list before the war, endured and survived the war, and then discovered afterward that their number still hadn't been called. The German quota was filled in 1939 and almost filled in 1940, but increasingly strict immigration policies from the State Department led to a drop in visas issued, in spite of an enormous amount of applicants.
Working with the Boston HIAS case files over this past year has taught me a lot about the different obstacles and problems Jewish refugees faced, and the blatant government obstructions aiming at hindering their emigration. Simultaneously, I have also gotten to learn about the efforts of an organization and its partners to overcome those obstacles. Many cases don't have a clear ending, but it's heartening to know that for all the efforts to close the gate to Jewish refugees during World War II, there were groups that worked to hold it open.
Information from the Boston Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society case files, and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.


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Have You Or A Loved One Been Injured In An 18-Wheeler Accident?
Mobile, AL law firm Braswell Murphy, LLC helps people who have been seriously hurt or who have lost loved ones in trucking accidents. We devote a significant part of our practice to these cases and have built a strong record of success with a reputation for tough litigation.
In one case, we obtained $2,315,000 for a dump truck driver injured by an 18-wheeler. Prior to arbitration, the most the injured driver was offered was $200,000. In another case, we won a $1,132,694 verdict for a driver who suffered back and neck injuries in a rear-end 18-wheeler accident.
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Accidents involving large trucks happen every day in this country. Because of their gigantic size, 18-wheelers are more likely to cause catastrophic injuries and death in an accident than cars. Severe injuries seen in trucking accidents include back and spinal injuries, paralysis and traumatic brain injury.
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Causes of Trucking Accidents
My car was hit by a truck driver who had been driving all night
Drowsy drivers who have not had enough sleep have slow reaction time and impaired judgment. They make careless mistakes, such as failing to stop at a red light, not paying attention to their speed, failing to check blind spots, or falling asleep at the wheel. There are laws that regulate the number of hours a truck driver can spend on the road each day and each week, but they are commonly violated by truck drivers.
The driver of the 18-wheeler that caused my accident was distracted
Drivers of 18-wheelers need to pay extra attention on the road, because their large vehicles are not easy to maneuver and can cause a lot of damage in an accident, but distracted driving is very common, and truck drivers are no different. Distracted driving means engaging in any activity that takes your attention away from operating the vehicle. Many commercial trucks have on-board computers that drivers use, and even glancing at the screen is a distraction from driving. Other common truck driver distractions include talking on a cell phone, texting, changing the radio station, eating, and reading or filling out paperwork.
The driver of the tractor-trailer in my accident had been drinking
When truck drivers operate their vehicles while under the influence of drugs or alcohol, they put the lives of everyone around them at risk. Drivers under the influence don't make good decisions and have poor response times. And when they are driving an 80,000-pound tractor-trailer that is speeding down the road, it is an incredibly dangerous situation. Some drivers take drugs that allow them to stay awake longer and put in more miles. Drugs also affect a driver's decisions and response times and also create a dangerous situation.
I was hit by a truck driver when he tried to pass a car on the highway
The law requires commercial truck drivers to always make safe decisions on the road. The purpose is to try to prevent a collision that could leave people seriously injured. Examples of improper passing include passing in a construction zone, at an intersection or in a no passing zone. Other examples include passing when there is limited visibility, without using proper signals, or without checking blind spots first. Because of practical restraints of the road or certain driving situations, truck drivers may be limited in passing other cars or trucks. But it is the commercial truck driver's responsibility to recognize these restraints and act accordingly. Failure to do so and taking unnecessary risks can put people's lives in danger.
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Some celebs might claim they don't need to work out to look good, but Denise Richards isn't one of them.
She writes on her blog that she gets asked about staying in shape, and that some of her figure is just luck.
"To be honest, I was blessed with great genes, my father is the same size he was in high school and my sister is very thin."
However, Denise does admit that it's not all about genetics, adding, "BUT!! that doesn't keep things firm! I do have to work at that. When my mom passed away I gained 10lbs, which has never happened except when I was pregnant. I didn't feel good, was very sad mourning my mom and wasn't motivated at all. Last summer I started to feel better about her death and needed to pull myself together."
Denise goes on to detail her workouts with a pilates machine and instructor, as well as walking in her neighborhood and training for Dancing With the Stars.
"After the show, I really wanted to keep it up, I started taking Louis Van Amstel's cardio ballroom class (he was lisa rinna's partner the season she was on) www.dancingwithlouis.com he is awesome."
Even if you don't have the funds to hire your own trainer, Denise recommends just taking a class and getting started on a routine to stay in shape.
"For those of you that are curious about me staying in shape and how to get started on a routine, I would say look in your area for some fun dance classes that you can go to, and if you can't afford a pilates instructor, maybe look into yoga classes or a pilates mat class," she writs. "I actually like going to classes as well, the environment really motivates me. I find a strength training class (pilates, yoga) and a cardio class (dance, spinning) are the best combination for my body that combined with eating healthy and you'll have a bikini body in no time!"


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Trump asked for Xi's help in UCLA players' shoplifting case
Trump asked for Xi's help in UCLA players' shoplifting case /node/1193166/sports
UCLA NCAA college basketball players, Liangelo Ball, left, and Cody Riley are shown in these file photos. The UCLA basketball team is heading back to Los Angeles without three players arrested on shoplifting charges in China, according to a report. Citing sources, ESPN reports freshmen LiAngelo Ball, Cody Riley and Jalen Hill were to remain in Hangzhou, China. UCLA won its season-opening game 63-60 over Georgia Tech in Shanghai on Saturday. (AP/File)
MANILA: US President Donald Trump sought the help of Chinese President Xi Jinping in the case of three UCLA basketball players detained in China on suspicion of shoplifting last week, said a senior White House official.
Trump raised the issue with Xi during a dinner held during the US leader's Nov. 8-10 state visit to Beijing, said the official, who spoke to Reuters in Manila. Trump is currently in the Philippines capital for a summit of Asian leaders.
The three UCLA men's basketball players were detained by police in the eastern Chinese city of Hangzhou over allegations of shoplifting and were not on the team's return flight to the United States on Saturday, ESPN reported.
According to the White House official, Xi said he would be helpful and look into the matter. The official said the players had so far been given relatively light treatment as a result of Trump's intervention.
"It's in large part because the president brought it up," the official said.
The UCLA team had been in China for the season opener against Georgia Tech in Shanghai on Saturday, which UCLA won 63-60. The teams had traveled to Hangzhou earlier in the week to visit the headquarters of the game's sponsor, Chinese tech giant Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.
The three students — freshmen LiAngelo Ball, Cody Riley and Jalen Hill — were taken in for questioning by police about alleged shoplifting from a Louis Vuitton store during the Hangzhou visit.
They were released early on Wednesday, but are barred from leaving China and confined to a luxury hotel in Hangzhou pending legal proceedings, sources familiar with the matter told Reuters.
Topics: basketball sport Donald Trump President Xi Jinping China United States
Trump Jr. messaged with WikiLeaks during 2016 campaign
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Thousands sign up for transport program geared to aid Saudi working women