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What does "only supported on Windows 10" mean for chips?
by Martin Brinkmann on August 31, 2016 in Windows - Last Update: May 22, 2018 - 56 comments
Whose idea was it to limit support for future generations of Intel and AMD chips to Windows 10? We don't know the answer to that, but the finger seems to point to Microsoft.
Microsoft revealed in January of this year that the next generation of silicon chips would only by supported by Windows 10, the company's new operating system.
The only exception to the rule was Intel's Skylake chip, which the company planned to support for a selection of (mostly business) devices.
Microsoft changed its course on Skylake support on Windows 7 and Windows 8 later on, but remained firm in regards to next gen processor support.
The change affects consumers and businesses alike. Consumers are limited by it, as they no longer have the choice to build a Windows PC running Windows 7 or 8.1 using one of the newer chips.
Businesses are even more affected by it than consumers, as most would not want to run unsupported hardware on previous versions of Windows.
Actually, it is unclear right now what would happen if one would try to run a Windows 7 or 8.1 computer with one of the new chips. The reason for this is simple: availability. The chips are not available yet which means that no one tried to install previous versions of Windows on a computer running these new chips.
Update: YouTube user JayzTwoCents published a video that showed him installing Windows 8.1 on a system with a Kaby Lake processor. He experienced some blue-screens, but was not sure whether those came from the unsupported processor, or the overclocked machine.
Windows 8.1 did install on the system however, so that's possible even if the processor is not supported officially by Microsoft. End
Microsoft failed to reveal what would happen if users would try to run new unsupported chips on old versions of Windows. Guesses range from "it would work" to "it would likely crash" or "not even install".
Third-party drivers could be created to fill the gap, but that would take time and it would only benefit home users but not businesses, as they are unlikely to run third-party drivers that are not official and not supported.
We will know more once AMD and Intel release their first Zen and Kaby Lake chips, but before then, it is unknown territory.
Did Microsoft push the chip manufacturers into a corner? We don't know that either. What we know is that AMD and Intel are supporting Microsoft's strategy.
It makes little sense from a business perspective for chip manufacturers to limit their customer base artificially though. Additionally, both Intel and AMD would have to come up with the idea on their own, and approach Microsoft about it independently, which seems unlikely as well.
Microsoft's strategy could drive some users and even businesses towards Linux, especially if they have no intention of installing Windows 10 any time soon or at all on their devices.
Now You: What is your take on this?
Microsoft announced that next gen chips would only be supported by Windows 10. But what does that actually mean?
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buck said on August 31, 2016 at 8:09 am
This sort of horse crap is exactly why I've now migrated to Linux.
W10 is pure malware, with spyware built into the core of the operating system to capture everything you do and phone it home. Microsoft's core business will soon be Big Data and their business practices resemble a mafia syndicate in order to get everyine using their new data capture and mining tool.
If you care even remotely about your privacy you will do as I've done and jump ship to Linux, as those using W10 now effectively owns all your personal data and the rights to capture all your activity if you are using W10.
I am jumping, after 35 years with Microsoft, to MacOS.
ilev said on August 31, 2016 at 10:45 am
zund said on August 31, 2016 at 11:18 am
> Microsoft's core business will soon be Big Data.
fun fact: terry myerson (VP of windows and devices) was founder/ceo of "Interse Corporation, which made websites and data mining software before being acquired by Microsoft in 1997" (wikipedia)
also: http://news.microsoft.com/1997/03/03/microsoft-acquires-interse/
so they have a data mining/big data-guy as head of their OS-division. explains a lot, imho.
Tom Hawack said on August 31, 2016 at 11:39 am
I entirely agree, buck. I'm on my way to Linux after having known but Microsoft ever since Windows 3.x
The company has become an insanity, and I weigh my words.
infojunkie said on August 31, 2016 at 8:18 am
This is one of the main reasons driving me to start the processes of slowly converting over to Linux for everything.
This move is one of the most childish uncalled for things I have ever seen them do. Windows 8.1 is still in main steam support until January 9, 2018 By that time both Zen and Kabby Lake will both be common main steam CPUs.
As a business it's pretty hard not to feel completely betrayed that you can't keep up-to-date hardware on an OS until the end of it's mainstream support. Yes MS want's everyone to use windows 10 but they also sold us already on using windows 8.1 until January 9, 2018 for all things mainstream.
At this point the fact of the matter is MS is failing hardcore to live up to their own past and current promises and because of that windows 10 is looking more and more like an unacceptable high risk.
Yuliya said on August 31, 2016 at 8:36 am
Idk, I think it's just micro$oft desperately trying to convince users into using Windows10. Why would it not work? Unpatched 7 works perfectly with Ivy Bridge, and that's a three years gap. Even Vista works fine..
T J said on August 31, 2016 at 12:49 pm
Microsoft has already back tracked on dropping support for Skylake. It is possible (probable ?) that they will do the same with Zen and Kaby Lake.
Anyway, why do so many people think that it will be the end of their computing world if they are not able to use PCs with the new chips installed if they don't install Win 10 ?
Why, except for Gamers, do people think that they are missing out because they can not use the "latest and greatest" chip sets.
Windows users are becoming more and more like the Apple Lemmings.
"If I don't have the newest, shiniest Iphone, my friends will shun me because they have"
Does your PC/Laptop REALLY need HD graphics and be able to display a spread sheet a nano second faster than your current machine ?
The majority of users probably could not care less as long as their machines boot and they can access browsers, Facebook, etc.
Tom Hawack said on August 31, 2016 at 1:11 pm
I agree on the idea of asking ourselves what we need, what we wish independently of a planetary marketing brain-washing aiming at disrupting our objectivity when answering the above questions.
Remains the fact that one can disagree with a trend, a policy even if one doesn't feel concerned after having answered to the above questions in terms which mechanically remove oneself from the problematic.
Being pragmatic may sometimes correspond, IMO, to an egocentric positioning, which is also an hidden aim of marketing policies. I don't know if this is what should be called political engagements, if so in the wide sens of the word, but I do believe that nowadays more than ever idealism is essential to balance an excessive pragmatism, excessive to the point that it may lead to an "after me, what the heck?". Idealism, not demagogy, realism rather than cynicism in fact. Realism is not to state that life is a jungle, realism is to consider that a human being is far more than a predator.
Yuliya said on August 31, 2016 at 3:13 pm
I kind of agree. While performance is not going to be an issue any time soon, there's this thing – what if it breaks and I need to replace it? I'm going to have to buy something from the latest family of CPUs. I don't think I will find a new 3770k, it was released in 2012 or so.
Again, I'm not too concerned of me not being able to run Win7 on whatever Intel comes up next with, because I know I will be able to do so. I think this is pure marketing b/s and scare tactics which micro$oft has been using for the past year in order to convince users to switch to their latest OS.
Velocity.Wave said on September 2, 2016 at 6:51 am
I don't have to justify or explain to people like you TJ, why I want fast hardware/processors, multiple cores, and lots of RAM for my computing experience.
I work hard for my money (a lot of hours), and I choose to spend it on faster hardware, which is valuable to me (but obviously not for you).
Why it's so important for you to annoyingly preach and ridicule those who value progress in the IT sector is beyond me… but I suspect with your personality, you would have done well under an anti-progress governmental system like the old soviet-russia.
Jorge said on August 31, 2016 at 8:36 am
2 new computers in my place are already in Kubuntu and Mint. Installed different linux to check which one is usable and better. My laptop is Windows but it's because the Windows was included as freebie(the Single Language version). If I buy new laptop years later and if there's no more freebie, I would 100% likely to switch to linux.
My only concern is my gaming computer.. games in linux is pretty much non existent..
Al said on August 31, 2016 at 3:59 pm
I am on Manjaro Linux, which is a rolling release OS based on Arch. Any game I have so far tried without a native Linux option I have been able to get to work using PlayonLinux. But I don't play competitively and I don't go for first-person shooters, where milleseconds count. There is definitely a gap between when a new game shows up and when it is playable on linux. So hard-core gamers may have some issues.
But I wouldn't say gaming is non-existent. Gaming is probably 30 percent of what I do on my linux.
mikef90000 said on September 1, 2016 at 4:30 am
Linux with an Xfce desktop should be very comfortable for most Windows immigrants. I keep XP and 2000 around for those few apps I haven't yet found a good equivalent for. My Edgerouter X and wireless access point even run versions of Linux.
Not a gamer, but for games on Linux check out the Steam catalog. IIRC there was something like ~1500 available titles and rising.
Nebulus said on August 31, 2016 at 8:39 am
I believe that this is pure BS. In order for this to happen, those processors would have to miss something that would render the installation of older Microsoft OS impossible. And I don't see exactly what that "something" might be…
On the other hand, I'm sure MS will only support them on Win10, but that means nothing for the end user; however, if you are a business and you WANT MS support, then you will have no choice but to install Win10.
Corky said on August 31, 2016 at 10:52 am
That something would, or could be graphics drivers, I've not looked into if the IGPU is changing much with Zen and Kaby lake but it seems a strong possibility, obviously we won't know until the chips hit the market if the GPU drivers will work with older OS's
Rob said on September 1, 2016 at 4:41 pm
As an IT professional that's worked at both front-end support all the way up to running the show and doing project and program management for around 15 years, not to mention dealt with Windows since its inception, I've only used MS support for re-activating Windows less than 5 times and that's all I've ever used MS support for. I realize I'm not everyone else, but the reason I don't use it is because its never useful in the first place. All it takes is looking at a handful of the many error messages you get as a user to see its not helpful in the least. You don't need their support.
As I said in this thread, chip makers can try going down this path and already hurting sales will get much worse, faster.
Chip makers can try going down this path and already hurting sales will get much worse, faster.
Chris said on August 31, 2016 at 8:53 am
If just Intel or AMD did this, it would be questionable. The fact that both Intel *and* AMD are doing this demands thorough investigation. I don't know any of the fancy words, but collusion, market control, racketeering, monopolistic practices, and corruption all come to mind.
Corky said on August 31, 2016 at 9:38 am
Personally i blame the chip makers more than Microsoft, it is after all the chip maker who've made the decision not to develop drivers for their latest chips.
My take on this is very simple. I do not, have never and will never accept to be forced. A partnership between a chip manufacturer and an OS developer appears to me as highly problematic. But in no way will I move to Win10 by obligation.
It seems all winds are uniting to push me, us, many towards Linux. The lands of freedom are imprisoned whenever an agreement between two requirements aims to force either or both. The Scorpio syndrome as I call it, that is that when no escape is possible auto-destruction is considered a valid option, would be mine in that I'd rather abandon totally my computing environment than be obliged to choose Windows10 because a chip manufacturer. Fortunately Linux appears as the new promised land, the land of freedom. Microsoft, the story of an announced decline.
Uh…dude…what world are you from, man?
vosie said on August 31, 2016 at 3:32 pm
It proves how corrupt companies are the Microsoft, Intel and AMD. It's called cartelling and planned obsolescence. (Maybe even the USA government (or NSA) is involved in this deal.) They want to enforce people to use Windows 10.
The Flash said on September 1, 2016 at 1:41 pm
I don't think it's fair to compre Intel and AMD together. Intel is the one who sneaks all this NSA-backdoor shit, and AMD doesn't do that. AMD respects its customers more than Intel ever would.
olavmaltine said on August 31, 2016 at 3:35 pm
MS should start selling cars. They have the right people and the right attitude. Still, to be frank, I am completely baffled how MS ist getting away with their BS. It does not say too much about their customers. Seems the majority of them is swallowing everything MS throws at them.
So, as painful as it is, I have to accept MS will succeed. What can I do about it ? Best is to take my time, there is no need for me to have the latest drivers, etc. Even right now I am only using a very small fraction of my computers capabilities. I don't need and don't want to talk to cortana, I have no desire to receive nightly phone calls from my refrigerator or washing machine and I truly give a big fat pups about synchronizing and the cloud. I am human and would like to stay that way.
Jeff said on August 31, 2016 at 6:15 pm
I'd wager "unsupported" means any new processor instruction extensions which the new CPUs use but which Windows 7 and 8 don't have pre-existing support for, won't be getting used on those OSes.
Any software that takes advantage of these extensions will default to using x86_64 (or whatever other accelerated extensions are supported/appropriate).
Zen/Kaby Lake are still going to be x86_64 CPUs. And Zen isn't going to be a non-traditional design requiring special software support for optimal performance like Bulldozer. Short of a giant-screw-you patch that explicitly and arbitrarily blocks Windows 7/8 from running on these specific CPUs, Windows 7/8 will run on these CPUs just fine, albeit without the absolute latest handful of acceleration extensions in use.
And I wouldn't be surprised if at least AMD provided a driver for 7/8 filling in any gaps that Microsoft isn't willing to fill in themselves.
CJT said on August 31, 2016 at 7:16 pm
Considering how much time and money go into supporting legacy OSs, this will hopefully result in lower CPU/hardware prices in the future.
Martin Brinkmann said on August 31, 2016 at 7:26 pm
Probably unrelated, but Sony announced today that it will offer its new 4K streaming service for 7th Gen Intel Core processors exclusively starting in 2017:
http://www.wirelessinsider.co/topics/sony-pictures-to-bring-premium-4k-movies-to-pcs-using-intel-7th-gen-processors/
A different Martin said on August 31, 2016 at 10:06 pm
Well, according to a report recently released by IT consulting firm Softchoice, only 0.75% of Windows machines in the US and Canadian businesses they surveyed were running Windows 10 at the end of the year-long "free upgrade" period. Windows 7 was at 91% (an increase of 18% during 2015), XP was at 5%, and 8 was at 4%. "If it ain't broke, don't fix it" was a big factor in the low adoption rate, but concerns about privacy, bugs, and actual upgrade costs (retraining, support, etc.) were mentioned as well. I don't know whether Softchoice ran into this in their survey sample, but some businesses also have specialized software that simply doesn't run on Windows 10. (I have a relative who works at a large medical research institution and they run important software that doesn't work on Win10. It's beginning to complicate purchases of replacement computers for the people who work there, with Skylake, and when Kaby Lake comes out and becomes mainstream, I expect it will get more complicated still.)
When a consumer or business invests in an operating system environment — the OS itself, the set-up, the applications, the utilities, the learning/training, etc. — I think there is arguably a reasonable expectation that the OS manufacturer will endeavor to ensure that the OS will continue to be supported on mainstream hardware through the OS's stated end of life. In Windows 7's case, that's mid-January 2020, and for Windows 8.1, it's mid-January 2023 — not in late 2015 when Skylake started hitting the shelves, or in late fall 2016 when Kaby Lake is expected to come out. It's up to courts and enforcement agencies to determine whether refusing to support Windows 7 and 8.1 on new hardware is a breach of contract, or an unfair or deceptive practice in trade, or a violation of antitrust law, but it does strike me as a unilateral changing of the previous understanding with customers mid-way through its term, by three vendors acting in concert. It's disturbing to me as an individual user, and if I were an enterprise customer, I would be furious and alarmed, and would question whether I should continue to put my eggs in Microsoft's basket in the future. Certainly, any business large enough to have an IT or computer support department, or even just a "computer guy" or two, should be considering a possible move to Linux.
When it became clear that Microsoft was transitioning from selling software to selling subscriptions and user data, I realized that Windows 7 would be my last Microsoft OS and that I would switch to Linux. Being old, lazy, and set in my ways, I had hoped to defer the switch as long as possible, maybe even to January 2020. But if my computer dies and its replacement won't run 7, or if Microsoft slips adware, nagware, "spyware" (telemetry), or bugs into the aggregate security rollups it starts issuing in October, it's going to come sooner than I hoped. So, once again, I've started playing around with various Linux distros in VirtualBox, and I have to tell you, as an old, lazy, set-in-my-ways kind of guy, it's been a little frustrating. I know how to do pretty much everything I need to do in Windows 7, without thinking. I have to re-learn all that, and with each distro and desktop environment, the way of doing it is a little different.
For example, in Linux Mint, I wanted to install some of my special Windows fonts. The easiest way of doing that is to browse the Windows Fonts folder from Linux and double-click on a font. "Font Viewer" is supposed to pop up and if you see that it is indeed the font you wanted, you click on the Install button. Except that in Linux Mint 18, Font Viewer is broken. There's a workaround, where you comment out a line in Font Viewer's configuration file. To do that, you need root (~Administrator) access, and I couldn't for the life of me find a way in the GUI to edit the configuration file as root or to launch the text editor as root. So I decided to log out and log back in as root. Except that by default, root was not offered as a logon at the Welcome screen. So I had to log back in under my username, change the Welcome screen options, log back out, log back in as root, edit Font Viewer's configuration file, log out and in again, and that was that. Easy peasy, right? I'm guessing I might face similar frustrations with Windows 10, but probably to a significantly lesser degree.
[Sidebar: I avoided looking into command line options for a couple of reasons. First, I'm trying out Linux distros not just for myself but also for a friend who is an ordinary, non-computer-geek civilian. Second, my eyesight is going to hell and I'm working on a 15″ laptop. The command line can be dangerous when you have trouble reading what you've typed. Some day, when I've vetted distros for genuine, all-GUI user-friendliness, and I have a humongous external monitor where I can scale up the display to my eyesight's content, I'll get into the CLI.]
Also, working in a virtual environment creates its own set of hassles — difficulty getting the right virtual machine "guest additions" installed in some distros (*COUGH* PCLinuxOS *COUGH* KaOS *COUGH*), very slow access to shared Windows folders containing a lot of files, general performance overhead, and the like. (That being said, I did manage to install and run IrfanView x64 and its plugins in Wine in Linux Mint 18 Cinnamon in VirtualBox on Windows 7! It was slow, but it worked!)
Anyway, I'm committed enough that I just ordered a new drive to do some physical installs on so I can test my short-listed distros with all of my CPU cores, all of my RAM, and no virtual machine snags or slowdowns. (I'll be interested in seeing how IrfanView runs in Wine on that.) I'm probably going to continue grumbling for many months to come about having to re-learn how to do the dumbest, simplest things, and I'm probably going to miss some Windows-only utilities until I find decent Linux replacements for them and get used to them. But being able to choose what information gets sucked out of my machine and by whom, being able to choose what software I use and how I configure it — I'm referring here to Windows 10 imperiously uninstalling, re-installing, or re-configuring certain apps and settings — being able to choose exactly which individual updates I might want and whether and when to install them, being able to move my system to a different machine without reinstalling from scratch, etc., etc., etc. … well, that's pretty appealing. (Come to think of it, except for being able to move the whole system to a different machine without reinstalling, it's kind of like Windows 7 used to be before telemetry and all-in-one rollups! It was a nice run, while it lasted…)
John in Mtl said on August 31, 2016 at 10:58 pm
If one of your machines dies and you still want or need to run windows 7 or 8.1, just go out and buy a refurbished and relicensed machine. There are tons of them out there, most are high quality, dependable and really affordable.
A different Martin said on September 1, 2016 at 2:32 am
I'm typing this on a corporate-discard ThinkPad T510 right now! (I think it might be one of the last few ThinkPad series to have a keyboard that's designed for actual usability rather than for Mac-like esthetics, as the current ones are.) The thing is, I have a lot of data (on a 2TB internal drive), and I'm drooling at the prospect of USB 3.1 or Thunderbolt 3 transfer speeds to an external backup drive. (I have a USB 3.0 ExpressCard adapter, but it's limited to half the top USB 3.0 speed because of some bus limitation or other, and sometimes it "unmounts" — not physically, but software-wise — all on its own.) I'm not going to get USB 3.1 or Thunderbolt 3 support with Windows 7. I would get it with Windows 10, but that's a non-starter for me, so that's one more reason to switch to Linux (with a recent kernel) on Kaby Lake, or Skylake with extra hardware on board. But yes, for users who must remain with 7 or 8.1, refurbished and new-old-stock Haswell and Broadwell gear will be the answer if Microsoft, Intel, and AMD stick with their scheme not to support 7 and 8.1 on most new and future hardware.
Jeez, you'd think Intel and AMD would have learned something from the drop in desktop and laptop sales when Microsoft introduced Windows 8. I guess we know who wears the pants in that business relationship…
Anonymous said on August 31, 2016 at 11:25 pm
If the only choice to play games on performing machines will be Windows 10, well i'll stop playing. Since I know there's arsenic in wine I've stopped drinking already. One more decision that will please my wife.
Dude said on September 1, 2016 at 3:55 am
If you aren't on linux yet, join us now.
No M$ BS or rotten apple lockin.
Freedom for all.
Tell that to the money man. They'll respond with deaf ears, so the rest of us in IT get to continue buying MS crap.
A different Martin said on September 1, 2016 at 7:53 pm
You remember the old business dictum, "No one ever got fired for buying IBM"? That seems to have been replaced by, "No one ever got fired for buying Microsoft," but I wonder if that might not be about to change…
Anonymous said on September 1, 2016 at 5:20 am
Would this also mean that you can't install Linux on your machine that has these chips?
Caveat: I'm not experienced or especially knowledgeable in this area, and I'm just giving a preliminary response until someone more expert chimes in.
I know that recent versions of the Linux kernel explicitly support Skylake, and I assume the kernel developers are working on Kaby Lake support as we speak.
However, from what I've read, "Secure Boot" on UEFI-based systems — which is pretty much all of them now, right? — at least used to be an obstacle to installing distros that didn't pay Microsoft to use a signed shim boatloader. I think I read that Ubuntu, Fedora, SUSE, and Red Hat ponied up and can be installed and booted on Secure Boot systems without hassle, but don't quote me on it.
Now, Microsoft used to mandate that its volume Windows 8 licensees (computer OEMs and VARs, or whatever) make it possible for users to disable Secure Boot in their UEFIs. In other words, it was possible for users to go into the UEFI and change a setting so that Secure Boot was disabled, making it possible to install any Linux distro (I think) that supported UEFIs. With Windows 10, Microsoft changed the volume licensing terms to make that optional — i.e., they left it up to computer OEMs licensed to pre-install Windows 10 to decide whether to allow their customers/users to opt out of Secure Boot. I don"t know whether any OEMs went ahead and made Secure Boot mandatory, or whether it's been possible to flash any restrictive mainboards with a non-Secure-Boot UEFI. (I also don't know whether Microsoft offered any inducements to OEMs to lock out competing OSes by making Secure Boot mandatory. How unfairly cynical of me…)
Anyway, I recently read that Secure Boot was discovered to be universally hackable, so if the hack is durable and isn't beyond the abilities of mere mortals, maybe Secure Boot is no longer an obstacle. (In my recent experiments, I think I ran into at least one distro that said it couldn't yet be installed on a GPT-format drive in a UEFI environment, but that sounds like it might be an entirely different issue. My computer has a BIOS and MBR drives, so I didn't follow it up.)
At any rate, it would be great if someone who really knows this stuff would post an authoritative answer. In the meantime, if you're buying a new computer and want to be able to install any OS you want on it, make sure you can disable Secure Boot in its UEFI. (I think!)
Anonymous said on September 1, 2016 at 10:46 am
UEFI > another nonsense
@ Anonymous, re UEFI = nonsense:
Well, GPT-format drives seem to be a big improvement over MBR drives. With GPT, you can have drives that are bigger than 2TB and that have more than just four primary partitions. I gather they offer much better corruption-recovery, too. GPT-format drives are better, and if you want to run GPT drives on a BIOS, especially under Windows, you're looking at a number of impossibilities, limitations, and potential complications and hassles. Practically speaking, if you want to partition, format, boot from, and run GPT drives, you're going to want a UEFI system.
So, I don't think UEFI itself is necessarily nonsense, but if you read the "Criticism" section in Wikipedia's article "Unified Extensible Firmware Interface," it's pretty alarming for potential Linux users … and most of that alarm stems from the Secure Boot feature. The computer's owner should be able to decide whether to require signed bootloaders and modules, not OEMs or Microsoft. If US antitrust and consumer protection law hadn't been consigned to the "quaint and antiquated" bin along with the Geneva Conventions against torture, the Federal Trade Commission and DOJ Antitrust Division should have been investigating Microsoft and co-operating OEMs for "exclusive dealing" in violation of the Clayton Act several years ago. I guess we'll have to leave enforcement to European antitrust authorities … if they haven't been neutered, cowed, or corrupted, too.
Anonymous said on September 2, 2016 at 2:48 pm
I understand your point about UEFI, mine is something claiming to be secure helping criminals using ransonware to f*** you is a nonsense.
When the European Commission will be too corrupted, when lobbies and states (like USA with the TAFTA) will try by all means to impose on European States what they don't want such as OGM, hormone treated beef or chlorinated chickens, the abolition of all AOC, etc etc, it will be the explosion of the Europe. The General and Final Brexit.
Poor Europe attacked by its "Best Friend"… unfortunately as already in past, if USA continue in that way, many wars in perspective in Europe at the end. It seems hawks and cowboys trying to continue to impose their "NEW WORLD ORDER" initiated by Reagan & Thatcher had learned nothing from the Moyen-Orient. Poor USA too.
Tom Hawack said on September 2, 2016 at 4:10 pm
@Anonymous,
There are always disagreements. I'm not sure focusing on the States is the right approach. I'd rather consider a country's foreign policy relatively to its power. If you think about it, given the super-power of the USA, their hegemony could be expressed more wildly than it actually is. We can wonder on what would be the behavior of our respective countries if they were in the position of the economical and military leader on the planet.
I thought bashing the USA was over, not because the country is faultless but because, when you know the culture, the values of America you get to understand that liberty associated to justice is not, there as anywhere, obvious. Moreover the nation, the people and the establishment are, there as everywhere, two different entities and happen to diverge. But freedom of speech prevails, freedom to disagree and freedom to strive to change the country are a fact and are active. The USA are and remain Europe's friend, I believe it truly. There is no conspiracy, occult powers, there is only a country where freedom is lived totally, for the best and for the worst.
Politics, establishment aside, I love American people. I'm not saying you don't, I'm only saying that we are now in a new era where, I believe, another approach than discrimination is making its way to understand before criticizing, and when critics remain and they often do, to consider that duality with time, good will and intellectual and moral honesty inevitably leads to evolution and progress. Minds are changing.
@Tom Hawack
My opinion is based on facts, please try to convince the Ex Sulfurous President of the European Commission Jose Manuel Baroso instead, now working with Goldman Sachs, the first US Bank at the origin of the Mondial Economic Crisis which plunged millions and millions people in despair all over the world.
@Anonymous, may I ask you in what, if applicable, the matters you describe impact you personally? We know what you mention, this is the lot of freedom and what is done of it by many of us, though when one's position and responsibilities are high anything considered valuable or bad becomes the flag of many to legitimate convictions built around demagogy. I'm not saying you are a demagogue, only that whatever speech that emphasizes on negative critics without pondering them with good ones may quickly be perceived as demagogy, when not as built-in hatred.
I've already had this debate with a Frenchman here, yapadkoi if I remember correctly. This leads nowhere and is moreover off-topic. Perhaps I shouldn't have interfered but I just cannot remain silent when I hear certain things, arguments (or their lack) rather than ideas. Long live ideas, pluralism, diversity (the pot of America) but they must be served, IMO, with built arguments and a certain style in their presentation.
"Demagogy"… "and a certain style in their presentation".
In France you just have to wait one year or two that US Petroleum Compagnies invade your beautiful lands with their Hydraulic Fracturing to lose your style, trust me.
Anonymous said on September 2, 2016 at 10:41 pm
"the matters you describe impact you personally?"
To be frank, to answer to your interrogation and to close this off-topic discussion, among other arrogant big brothers' enterprises more for philosophical reasons, my resentment is old, very old. It is adressed principally to the Petroleum US Consortium due to the Torrey Canyon's Disaster, and also later the Amoco Cadiz's oil spill. This disaster for a large part ruined our lives. Not even a word of apology, i prefer not to give my opinion on the americans judges who treated us like dogs during years and years discussing on our pittance. We'll never forget. Me and my family, my children and my grandchildren, etc, never.
http://www.regardsurlemonde.fr/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/maree_noire_deep_water_horizon-810×504.png
To finish closing this off-topic debate, I'll just add this : you write "arrogant big brothers' enterprises" and that's the problem. Why not mention instead "arrogant enterprises"? It's not a matter of "Big Brother", it is when applicable the fact of certain companies (by the way often so-called multinationals). That in itself is a debate. Do you think other companies than American are saints, perfect, committed to ethics and the bad ones would be bad because and only when American?
Are all French talkative and slip off the topic because this is my characteristic? If I get punched by a Chinese will I say Chinese are violent? If I get chatted up ("dragué" in French) by a native of Monaco will I return to Nice declaring that Monaco males are gay?
Generalizing is, IMO, a psychological temptation or a soul's deliberate intention to use demagogy in order to spread theories. I understand your experience, the drama you've described, but I am and will always be bothered with explanations which go beyond a responsibility to stick them with hierarchical groups which most often are not related in terms of causality. This is why I consider the person in front of me rather than his/her context, this is why I deeply dislike social and political theories based, built upon what remains a personal responsibility.
Me > "to close this off-topic discussion":
You: "To FINISH closing this off-topic debate". Then: "Why not (…)?, then "Do you think (…)?" etc.
My "personal responsibility" is to tell you "To (really) finish closing this off-topic debate" you must be in agreement with your affirmations and not erect your contradictions as a perpetual what you call "debate". First its not fairplay for your interlocutor, secondly he/she must respect what he/she said. > The End.
You definitely have a character :=)
OK, the debate is closed, unless you carry it on, of course.
A different Martin said on September 21, 2016 at 9:11 pm
And here's a related follow-up, hot off the presses:
Lenovo reportedly blocking Linux on Windows 10 Signature Edition PCs (updated) | ZDNet
http://www.zdnet.com/article/lenovo-reportedly-blocking-linux-on-windows-10-signature-edition-pcs/
referring to:
Warning: Microsoft Signature PC program now requires that you can't run Linux. Lenovo's recent Ultrabooks among affected systems. : linux
https://www.reddit.com/r/linux/comments/53ri0m/warning_microsoft_signature_pc_program_now/
Don't get your knickers all in a bunch people. The short answer is just wait. If chip makers stay along this path, sales will hurt and they'll backtrack.
…besides…if AMD had any sense, they'd let Intel flail with this while they continue to support older OS's. It would be a great strategic move over the competitor.
Apparently, we're not the only ones paying attention and looking at options other than Windows:
http://www.slashgear.com/lenovo-yoga-book-hands-on-2-in-1-ultraportable-blends-wacom-and-tron-31453618/
Sheeples said on September 2, 2016 at 7:08 pm
UEFI is another nonsense for the customers. SecureBoot is "secure" because it secures Micro$oft incomes, as it prevents GNU/Linux and BSD OS installations.
If anyone works for Micro$oft he will defend this tirannical position, but if you're an humble customer you should raise one eyebrow and raise hell on earth at the minimal stripping down of your freedom.
I expect to "own" the PC I bought but Micro$oft, Nvidia and AMD think differently.
So, please, could any ARM Developer create a league with some minor taiwanese/indonesian microprocessors builder and give us all FREEDOM?
It all comes down to Five Eyes, often abbreviated as FVEY, and the mass monitoring of the gullible customers. BIOS, GPU, CPU, Browsers… All is tailored to make you a customer, a buyer, a wallet to be stolen. Wake up!
Graham said on September 4, 2016 at 12:39 am
It means it's only supported on Windows 10. ;)
Jason said on September 13, 2016 at 12:42 am
Just to be clear, SecureBoot currently can be disabled. Also, a lot of Linux distros offer UEFI support out of the box. These technologies so far have not proven to be impediments to installing Linux. However, SecureBoot itself may become an impediment in the future if OEMs stop allowing the user to disable it. But in that scenario, we can expect (a) not all OEMs will go down that path, (b) there will be non-volume hardware sales that do not have SecureBoot, and (c) the Linux community will hack the **** out of SecureBoot.
SurferMurf said on February 9, 2017 at 5:59 am
Been wondering about this problem, linux & win 10 only chips. It occurs to ask who are the 'stakeholders' in such cpu's, with win 10 as it is & is becoming, & why? So, some questions:
1. Is win 10 now or in the future less useable for hacking? More easily traced if attempted? I can certainly see governments & business everywhere being happy with this. But of course freedom fighters of oppression will not be.
2. Built in obsolescence – at some point, probably sooner than now, browsers etc will not work if you don't upgrade your OS. All are on win 10, no one can opt-out of updating for any length of time or MSoft will theoretically shut you down – why would browsers, flash, other apps keep supporting last months win 10? You can't hold onto your older pc, you can't repurpose it, no matter what you're upgradeing motherboard, cpu, ram. That may happen every X number of years whether you want to or not, on every pc you've got. Good pcs that should run all your current needs, but are not allowed. I remember a former mac guy posting why he switched away – because macs were meant to be disposable computers. You don't have much choice when the OS changes infront of you. I can see both intel & amd both liking this, whether you buy a new pc or upgrade, they win. More pcs bought, more hardware sold, because they have to be. Sort of as smart phones seem to be now, an excellerated cycle.
3. The destruction of the 'safety valve' that linux and older windows represent. A safety valve that kept you from the vortex of win 10 constantly mutating updates. From what I understand win 10 can run certain linux programs but can't run linux itself, and the new chips now or in the future may not run linux either. That drives a stake through the heart of 2 pain problems MSoft has had for some time, competing with previous versions of itself, & with migration to linux. So beyond the spying everyone talks about, MSoft eventually gets rid of competition except for Apple, which will have its own agreement with intel. Linux, older windows will run on older hardware, but like the P4 eventually that won't seem enough. MSoft has also recently signed an agreement with phone cpu maker ARM, but I don't know a what that entails.
So, governments & business may win on this, most hacking seems to be done on windows machines. Hardware makers win, more hardware is bought. MSoft wins because pcs can't be used except with the current version of windows. Perhaps Apple also wins if hackintoshs are no longer possible. Do I know enough to be certain of any of this? No, but I wanted to pose the question to those who might know better. Is this a viable arguement or not?


WT Study: "Your Deliverance Is Getting Near"!
A man comes to your town. He stands in the village square, and proclaims that soon death and destruction will rain down upon you and your fellow citizens. Next, he tells you how to escape. Sacrifices must be made, but if you all follow his instructions, you will be saved.
Would you listen? Would you obey? Would you be blessed?
Jesus was such a prophet. He foretold the utter destruction of the city of Jerusalem, and he gave precise instructions on how to escape. He said that there would come a time when an enemy would besiege the city and that would be the sign for his listeners to flee in great haste. He even told them specifically what not to do. (Luke 21:20; Mt 24:15-20) These were clear, concise instructions linked to an easily identifiable, highly visible event. Some listened and obeyed. Most did not, and died horribly.
However, Jesus didn't expect people to put faith in his words simply because he said so. He established his credentials as a true prophet by performing many miraculous healings and even resurrecting the dead.
The Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses does not directly claim to be a prophet, yet they do explain Bible parables, visions, and signs in a way that constitutes prophetic interpretation. The meaning and chronology they apply to Bible prophecy constitutes prophecy in itself. So while they do not refer to themselves collectively as a prophet, they talk, the talk and walk, the walk. This week's Watchtower study is just chock-full of speculative prophetic interpretations.
Unlike Jesus, they do not perform miracles to establish their credentials. Still, all that the Samaritan woman needed to know that Jesus was a prophet was his ability to tell her things he could not otherwise have known. (John 4:17-19) Jesus record of prophetic accuracy is impeccable. What about the record of the Governing Body? In the 100-year history during which it claims to have served in the Christ-appointed capacity of Faithful Steward that dispenses spiritual food to the Lord's slaves, have any of its prophetic interpretations come true? Would a century-long period of consistent prophetic re-entrenchment (or "refinements" as they like to refer to them) provide the basis for confidence in interpretations concerning how you should plan your future?
The litmus test the Bible provides for us to use to determine the validity of a prophet's words is spelled out in the book of Deuteronomy.
Would you use an alarm clock that always malfunctioned and rang at the wrong time or failed to ring at all? What if it occasionally worked correctly? Would you use it then? It's your alarm clock. It's up to you whether you use it or not.
Starting right off with paragraph 2, we have evidence of a recent failure.
As the question for the paragraph shows, this happened in 66 C.E. So the days were cut short in 66 C.E.
However, we previously believed that the cutting short applied to the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 C.E. which allowed some 97,000 Jews to survive.
So the cutting short applied to 70 C.E., but now it applies to 66 C.E. We say hindsight is 20/20. Yet, if the Governing Body failed to understand the historical fulfillment of a prophecy, how can we trust them to properly interpret prophecies that are still future? Further, the previous application shows a total inability even to reason logically. Does it make sense to you to say that Jehovah was cutting short the days to save some flesh on account of the chosen ones when the chosen ones were no longer in the city?
From here on in, there are so many assumptions being made in this article that we will get bogged down if we tried to address each one in detail. Instead, we will list them, because the onus is on the prophet to back up his own words. Carefully observe to see whether the Governing Body does that by using supporting scriptures, or whether it just expects us to believe.
Under this subtitle they allege that the great tribulation refers to the destruction of Babylon the great. The Bible does not say that, and we offer no proof to support it, therefore this is assumption number 1. It may be true. It may not be. We offer no proof, hence the label, "assumption".
Next, paragraph 4 alleges that the wicked clergy of Christendom have prostituted themselves with the leaders of this wicked world, but that the "clean, virginlike anointed" Jehovah's Witnesses have stood in "stark contrast" to such ones. The leaders with whom the clergy have prostituted themselves "give support to the United Nations, an organization pictured by the 'scarlet-colored wild beast'" of Revelation.
Will We Be Painted with the Same Brush?
Paragraph 5 quotes from Zechariah 13:4-6 to prophesy that during the destruction of Babylon the great "some of the clergy of Christendom will abandon their religious course and deny that they were ever a part of those false religions." Assuming this application to be accurate (Assumption 2), we are confident that this will not be the case with the clergy of Jehovah's Witnesses. Elders, traveling overseers, and branch committee members will be spared this ignominy. Why? Because they are not part of false religion. Jehovah's Witnesses teach only accurate Bible truth. Yet, how will these escape when all the nations are attacking religion worldwide? Paragraph 6 presumes to answer the question by applying Matthew 24:22. The belief is that there is a secondary application of this verse, meaning that the destruction of Babylon the great will be cut short in a similar way to the cutting short of the siege of Jerusalem in 66 C.E. Since the Bible does not state that there is a secondary application of Matthew 24:22, we must label this assumption number 3.
Is this interpretation even logical? In the first century, the chosen ones were in Jerusalem and had to physically flee. Are we suggesting that the chosen ones – anointed Jehovah's Witnesses – are inside Babylon the great and will have to flee somehow when Jehovah "cuts short" the destruction of the harlot? We claim to have all fled from Babylon long ago and are now safely ensconced in the ark-like earthly organization of God. Why then does God have to cut short the days of Babylon's destruction to allow us to "escape" from within her? And where in the extensive account of her destruction in Revelation is any mention made of a period when it is cut short?
Paragraph 7 states that after the destruction of false religious organizations – excluding Jehovah's Witnesses, of course – "God's people will flee to the refuge that Jehovah provides." We don't know what that refuge is, and no Scripture is provided to support this statement. In fact, when foretelling the sign of his presence and of the end of the conclusion of the system of things, Jesus makes no mention whatsoever of any refuge to which his people will have to flee, either literally or figuratively. We must label this assumption number 4. This is a particularly dangerous interpretation, because when paired with what we said in the November 15, 2013 Watchtower, it sets the stage for disaster.
When a prophet with a 100-year-long history of failed predictions – the very definition of 'false prophet' – expects you to obey his command unconditionally, even when that command appears unsound, beware!
Paragraph 8 explains our belief that following the destruction of Babylon the Great "we will be the only ones following the example of the ancient prophet Daniel by continuing to worship our God no matter what." Only Jehovah's Witness constitute "my people" who will "get out of her" and escape her destruction: Assumption number 5.
Further to this, is there any precedent for such a work? (Remember, the Bible doesn't explicitly state what the hailstones represent, nor exactly when they will fall.) When the flood came, when Sodom and Gomorrah were consumed in flame, when Jerusalem was destroyed by the Romans, there was not "hard-hitting judgment message" proclaimed to the people. They knew destruction was imminent when the rain fell, when burning sulfur rained down, when the Roman armies surrounded the city. Similarly, the sign of the Son of man in the heavens will be notification enough. Or at least, one would think. However, the Governing Body would have us believe that a special edition of The Watchtower is needed before the real teeth gnashing can start.
Do you notice the similarities between Ezekiel's account and John's? Good, because that seems to have escaped the notice of the Governing Body. Why do we promote an interpretation for which there is no scriptural support? If you've ever had to lie about something, you know how one lie must give birth to more, for one has to lie to support the original lies. Soon, a complete structure of lies comes into being, like a massive house of cards.
Jehovah's Witnesses teach that the organization – not just the individuals in it, but the organization itself – will survive. So now you have an organization with its organizational structure right up to the Governing Body, standing alone in the world while all other religious organizations have been laid waste. It makes no sense that the nations would be happy about that. They would want to come after us, would they not? So applying the attack of Gog of Magog makes logical sense, if…IF…you accept the premise of the survival of the organization. The problem is that the Bible doesn't teach this. But then, you ask, how will Christians survive? Jesus already explained that in Mt. 24:31.
As if to catch its breath, the article takes a step back from speculation in paragraph 11. However, the respite is brief. We are right back into it in paragraph 12.
So is it a parable, or is it a sign? All the other "signs", even the things we misinterpret as signs like the wars, famines, and earthquakes, are real things, not parables or metaphors. Our prophetic application of Scripture grows ever more fuzzy.
I'm wondering if reading this has left you as speechless as it has me.
Behold the full text of Matthew 24:30.
How do expressions like "will appear" and "they will see" imply invisibility?
Daniel sure had no problem seeing the Son of Man coming with the clouds of the heavens.
Could the Apostle John have said it more clearly?
For the sake of continuity, we can number this assumption 7, but admittedly, we are really stretching the meaning of the word, since an assumption is normally based on some degree of probability, while this interpretation requires us to surrender up our knowledge of the English language.
In paragraph 16 we make another assumption (8) by stating that the words in 2 Chronicles 20:17 have a secondary fulfillment with regard to those who are being attacked by Gog of Magog – an assumption based on another assumption. This will require Jesus to step in to defend his sheep. These are the sheep Jesus fails to mention when assuring his chosen ones they will be gathered together from the four corners of the earth. Odd that after giving such explicit instructions to the Christians in Jerusalem and after assuring his chosen ones that their protection at the end of the conclusion of things lies in the hands of the angels, he completely overlooks reassuring eight million others as to what they must do, or how they will be safeguarded. Fortunately, we have the Governing Body to carefully piece together all the types, antitypes, and dual fulfillments for our peace and security. And we can rest assured that despite all their past failures, Jehovah will inspire them to tell us just what we need to do when the time comes. This is surely a safe assumption. Let's call it number 10; the number for human perfection.
Reviewing the assumptions, we have: 1) the great tribulation begins with the destruction of Babylon the Great which 2) will cause the clergy (not us) to deny any affiliation with their previous paramours, but at some point 3) the destruction of Babylon the Great will be cut short so the organization of Jehovah's Witnesses can escape destruction, and thereby 4) flee to some yet-to-be specified refuge which God will provide, making 5) Jehovah's Witnesses the only religion to be saved. Following the conclusion of the destruction of all false religion (again, not us), 6) we will proclaim a judgment message on the world; then, 7) Jesus will appear in the heavens invisibly. Next, 8) Satan or Gog will attack Jehovah's Witnesses. Finally, we have assumption 9) as a kind of umbrella over all this, because somewhere during these events the Governing Body will tell us everything we need to do to be saved. Absolute and unquestioning obedience will be required however.
Perhaps after studying this week's Watchtower, we might just want to read Isaiah 9:14-17. Perhaps, just maybe, there is something relevant there we can ponder on.
He will end the suffering, but not by killing every man, woman, and infant not in the Organization of Jehovah's Witnesses. Jesus will eliminate those directly opposing his rule. (Da 2:44) Then he will give individuals the opportunity to accept him free of peer pressure.
Looks like when "apostate Jerusalem" goes down (Matt24:15), this time as the "JW UN sponsoring Org", it will not end quite as soon as the 2 Thessalonians 2:1-2 deluded GB will have thoroughly impressed into the JW mind as a nice "loss of reason" and "over excited" diversion.
If JWs "stand out there expecting deliverance near", it will be quite some time standing in the rain and wind, and with that other "obey as insane as it sounds directive", FEMA may be what many are delivered to instead.
IT IS WHAT IT IS: GB PIED PIPER LED DISASTER IS BREWING!
Good article, as usual :-), just one question. What do you (and 1984) means with the conclusion that the attack of Gog mentioned in Ezekiel was exactly the same as that mentioned in Revelation at the end of the 1000 years. Why is this conclusion important? I am not really aware so hope my question does not sound stupid.
JWs have been taught not to think, and so unless they wake up they won't even try to work out WTs "generation game" and it won't pose any problem for them.
It just becomes more ridiculous with time, they are really grasping at straws to prop up WT doctrine, all because of this obsession to be a "survivor" . I have just read an article on the financial crisis that the USA is sinking into, and it reads very similarly to the above watchtower article .
No way, again no way want to be rude or making fun of our Lord Jesus or our Almighty God Yahweh (Jehovah), so I guess they are gonna call a timeout or half time on the middle of the great tribulation. Man there is so many we think, or we just don't know in this article. And of course Jesus returns invisibility, of course.
Thanks Meleti, yes there was talk amongst the elders, about this article months ago, a lot of the talk is mostly about the judgement message to come. You highlight good reasoning points, why this would be unlikely. Just one question, your thought on 1942, regarding the return of the League of Nations during ww2. I think the talk was Peace can it last? By Bro Knorr. Is that one they got right. Just going back to your illustration of the alarm clock, a case of hit miss, in understanding these prophesies. Thanks again for your analysis.
Actually, Brother Knorr's speech turns out to be not the prophetic pronouncement we claim. See here for some info on it.
Also, there is evidence that the foretold rise of the League of Nations into what was to become the United Nations was already underway when Knorr spoke of the beast arising from the abyss. I think Bobcat had something on this in Discuss the Truth. So it would appear that rather than being prophetic, Knorr was merely well informed.
If I recall correctly, at one time is was originally believed that it was the League of Nations that was the beast coming up out of the abyss. That is because the organization thought that the World Court in the Hague was the original incantation of the beast, since it has a degree authority over many of the nations of the earth, at least in a limited judicial sense. As the years progressed, and the League itself was disbanded, they simply forgot about the World Court, relabeled everything, and pressed the Reset button. Voila! New light.
Alien resident, When I read your question "Is that one they got right.", it reminded me that even a broken clock is right twice a day.
Splane endeavours to explain the inexplicable- the overlapping generations, even using a chart! Even the year 1992 seems to now be of some significance. Haven't these guys heard of Ockham's Razor?
I appreciate your point about the heavens not implying invisibility. Jesus tells us in Matthew 6:26 to observe the birds of heaven. If being in "heaven" implies invisibility, how could we observe the birds that fly therein? Saying that heaven implies invisibility is worse than merely poor scholarship; it is in direct contradiction to the Bible. These are the "prophets" we are supposed to implicitly trust?
what about the separation of the sheep and goats, para12 when says son of man comes in all his glory sits on his throne? didn't he take kingdom power in 1914 so he is already sitting on his throne, how many thrones does he have, so he gets of one throne and sits on the judgment throne to separate the sheep from the goats.
One has to be come to be present how many times does Christ come?


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Availability at this scale has paved the way to some pretty astounding international trade achievements. Alabama is the home to over 425 foreign-based companies from more than 30 nations and exported goods to 188 countries in 2015 — racking up $19.58 billon in exports despite an unsteady global market.
With five major cargo airports and more than 90 public airports, supporting six commercial airlines and seven commuter airlines, Alabama has exactly the aviation infrastructure and support you need to help your business take off.
Thanks to our prime position on the Gulf of Mexico and strategic location in the middle of the Gulf Coast, Alabama boasts over 4,000 acres of port—including the Port of Mobile: an intermodal facility which is currently the 9th largest port in the U.S. Following a $300 million expansion, it will become the 6th busiest port in the world.
With over 3,000 miles of rail served by 25 railroad companies, Alabama delivers convenient, consistent transport access to surrounding markets for every company that finds a home here.
In the Southeastern U.S., all roads lead to Alabama. With more than 74,000 miles of public roadways, including six major interstate highways, our state is ideally located and structured for any company's logistic needs.


If someone lies about their age in an online dating profile, is it a sign that they're lying about other things?
I am tired of viewing the online profiles of men who lie about their age. Sometimes they come clean with their real age in their essay and say that they posted a different age for search purposes. But they are still lying. My question for you is: if they lie about their age, should I assume that they are lying about other things? Should I write these guys off, or should I give them a chance?
What about the age fib? People lie about their age for many reasons. Maybe it's because they want to come up in your search. When you set your online dating preferences, you put in an age range. If a person falls out of that range by even a year, they won't appear in your search. These people may be thinking, "Hey, I look and feel amazing, and I could pass for someone much younger. Maybe someone will give me a chance if I lower my age just to come up in their search." Each person has their own rationale for the age fib.
Does lying about your age mean that you are lying about other things? Maybe, maybe not. Some people only lie about their age, and some are perpetual liars. The age fib used to be a deal breaker for me. But a few years into online dating, I realized that almost everyone I knew had shaved a few years off their real age. I am consistently told that I look 5-10 years younger than I am. One of the men that I met through a social setting and dated for several months was 9 years younger. But in my late 50's, I wasn't coming up in online dating searches nearly as much as I did in my early 50's.
I never thought I'd do this, but about a month ago, I decided to join the crowd and do an experiment. I altered my profile by taking four years off my age and changing my location from Connecticut to New York City, just to see if I attracted more quality men. By nature, I am an absolute truth-teller, sometimes to a fault. But if online dating is filled with mistruths, why not play that game with a little white lie? Once I met a guy, I would come clean.
It worked. Even though Connecticut is only 45 minutes from New York City, men had often passed me by because they thought I lived too far away. Now I was meeting more men, and isn't that the point of online dating?
Don't judge a man (or woman) as a pathological liar just for fibbing about his age. However, if impeccable truth-telling is an absolute deal breaker for you, stick to your guns and continue telling and seeking the truth online. But be forewarned; in online dating, if everyone else seems to be fibbing about their age, you might want to join the crowd.
Want to know how to communicate with men without nagging? That's what we're talking about this month in the Last First Date Inner Circle. Monthly topic-based Q & A calls about dating over 40, a private forum for women to connect and share their experiences and much more, all at a very low price. Check it out here.
If you like your age you can keep it.
I always lie up. Everyone tells me how great I look for 74.
I can see if someone fibs on the profile (due to the search engine) but comes clean in their essay or when we first communicate. Otherwise he's just wasting my time because I will never trust him. If he decides to wait until we meet or even later, sorry, but that's a deal breaker. And yes, my age and description are accurate and all pics less than a year old.
In the Bay Area dating market, the the online dating scene and physical dating is very judgmental towards men over 40. I prefer to approach due to passing of younger than my age and I won't have to fib my age on first impression.
What dating sites do you recommend for older people?
I don't think any relationship should begin with a lie. I'm honest about my age (61) and I expect the same from others. I recently cancelled a first date because I found out my date lied. She's a prominent artist and her bio is all over the web. On Match she listed her age as 60, but her bios, including on her own website, showed that she was really 65!
I am no longer going to tell my real age. I have absolutely no problem with it but I just turned 50 and I just know that a considerable number of men put 49 as the maximum age for a woman. So they won't even get to see my pictures (which show that I certainly don't look old).
I think I will put 46 and I am sure no one will think when they see my pictures that I look much older than 46. On the contrary.
Of course I will not maintain the lie. If I would meet someone I really like I will come clear. I would not want a guy to have a trauma because he slept with a 50 year old woman without knowing it :-). Oh dear.
Terrible advice. The better advice is that first impressions are important. You probably don't want to present yourself as dishonest.
Had this happen to me. The guy lied by 12 years. Rationalize it all you want but it's no fun being fooled.
I'm 64 I said I was 54 …people tell me constantly I look like I'm in my 40's. I have had ten year relationships with women 18 and 13 years younger than me….so I know who I want to date. Sadly I just got dumped by a 50 year old beauty because I told her after 4 dates what my actual age is. She said I lied. I said I know, but that's the only lie I'll ever tell you. Didn't matter. Even though she said she was looking for men 50-60. I regret not being clear with her, but don't think it's fair to let that define me as a person. and we were really connecting.
A lie is a lie. Why go into a relationship with a lie. Even if one fesses up to it in their bio. To me it is also a sign of insecurity. I dumped a guy because he lied twice about his age. His profile stated 59. When I asked him his age he said 62. That bothered me. Not the age but the lie. I googled him and discovered he is actually 65. I called him and said we are not a match. I couldn't shake it from my mind that if he lied about something so simple as age, what else is he hiding?


text:
A Review of Andrew Taylor's 'Impossible Preludes (Poems 2008-2014)'
Andrew Taylor, Impossible Preludes (Poems 2008-2014). Witchcliffe, Western Australia: Margaret River Press 2016. RRP: $24.00, 85pp. ISBN: 9780994316738.
Jackie Smith
Andrew Taylor's Impossible Preludes (Poems 2008-2014) is a unique and beautiful retrospective on life, love, and everything in between.
For better or worse, poetry has been dubbed the black sheep of the Australian literary market for quite some time now. These days, fewer publishing houses are taking a chance on this unique form of the written word, and even fewer book stores stock a wide array of a modern poet's wares.
Despite this, Australian poetry and the poets who create such mastery continue to flourish in their so-called 'niche' market, quietly continuing to produce compositions of remarkable quality, and receive national (and sometimes international) recognition for their achievements.
Andrew Taylor is one of these poets. Although Taylor published his first poetry collection in 1971 (The Cool Change, University of Queensland Press), it wasn't until he took out British Airways Commonwealth Poetry Prize in the mid-1980s for his book, Travelling, that he became something of a staple in shaping Australia's poetic landscape, with more recent contributions including 2001's Gotterdammerung Café and 2009's The Unhaunting.
Despite this illustrious career, many Australians, including myself, have yet to discover Taylor's work. Though I have dabbled in the genre myself occasionally, as a reader I have generally stuck to the more 'classical' poets such as Edgar Allan Poe, John Keats and, of course, William Shakespeare. It is only recently that I have discovered the gems that are Australian poets like Samuel Wagan Watson and Sandra Thibodeaux. So it was with gusto that I picked up Taylor's latest composition, Impossible Preludes (Poems 2008-2014), and I am so glad I did. From the opening 'Poem beginning with a line from Wallace Stephens' (3), to the closing 'Times at Night' (85), I was captivated by the lyrical beauty that is Taylor's work.
Take 'Piano Lessons (Für Marita)' (29) for instance:
You practiced your Beethoven sonatas
in that over-furnished under-lit room
where you had to perform on the upright Lipp for our parents' guests
And where you taught me and where
I'd practise so I could skip
the dishes and learned that F.A.C.E
was more about Pythagoras
than not being embarrassed.
It's in stark contrast to that we might have encountered at high school: those flowery, dense paragraphs one had to wade through on a hot summer's afternoon were enough to ward even the most committed book lover from this unique literary genre. In my experience, it is this ability to recognise and draw attention to the beauty in life's simple things, that draws me to the poetic genre again and again. Seemingly, Taylor does this with ease line after line in a way that engages the reader with feelings of familiarity and admiration.
Impossible Preludes is full of little gems that bravely honest and captivatingly brilliant, though they do not adhere to one topic. In the epitome of variety, there are love poems (such as 'Cooking for two' (23) or 'Revisiting Maslin beach' (25), odes to nature in 'River' (26-27) and 'Karri Forest' (45), and explorations of the fickleness of the intergenerational gap, like 'Young People' (10).
Each line is a story within itself, painting a picture for the reader to follow as vividly as one might expect in an art gallery. Every poem is full of colour and weight as it takes you on a journey into the mind of this creative and talented individual.
Whether you're a seasoned reader of poetry or new to the genre, there is truly something for everyone, as this book mesmerises and transports you to another world.
Jackie Smith is a freelance journalist and editor and proof-reader based in Brisbane. Her work has been published through a variety of local and national media outlets. Follow her on Twitter (@jasmith_89) for regular updates.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
More info on Prague
Prague: Misc
the Prague trade union centre Odborové sdružení českoslovanské was founded in 1897, as Czech unionists considered that the Austrian unions were neglecting them?
the Neo-Renaissance architectural style encompasses such dissimilar structures as the Opera Garnier and Hôtel de Ville in Paris, the National Theatre in Prague, the Reichstag in Berlin, Mentmore Towers near London, Vladimir Palace in Saint Petersburg, and the Public Library in Boston?
the Sex Machines Museum, opened in 2002 in Prague, has a collection of approximately 200 sex devices?
the Silesian Duke Henry V the Fat spent some of his youth at the court of Ottokar II of Bohemia in Prague?
In Dreams, the debut album by British child star Joseph McManners, was recorded in Prague and features music by the Prague Philharmonic Orchestra?
Mozart was a frequent guest at the villa Bertramka on the outskirts of Prague and that the house is now a museum in his memory?
Josef Smrkovský boasted he had kept American units away from Prague in 1945, allowing the liberation of the city by the Red Army, and then in 1968 he and Dubček became the most popular politicians of the Prague Spring?
British architect Jan Kaplický escaped from Prague to London in the wake of the Prague Spring, carrying only US$100 and a few pairs of socks?
More interesting facts on Prague
Categories: European Capitals of Culture > NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union > Landmarks > World Heritage Sites in the Czech Republic > Landmarks in the Czech Republic > Buildings and structures in Prague > Regions of the Czech Republic > Capitals in Europe > Cities and towns in the Czech Republic > Prague
Prague is a city in Europe on planet Earth, the capital city of the Czech Republic nation-state. Federation starships named USS Prague are named for this location.
Captain Morgan Korsmo had a sister who lived in Prague with her family at the time the Borg threatened Earth in 2373. (NF short story: "Making a Difference")
Category: Earth settlements
This article uses material from the "Prague" article on the Memory-beta wiki at Wikia and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License.
[[Image:|200px|center|Prague]]
2 Points of Interest
3 Residents
History of location is unknown.
Doom Patrol Headquarters
Elasti-Girl
Metamorpho
Appearances of Prague
Location Gallery: Prague
"You get right back here and finish this article, young man!"
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This article uses material from the "Prague" article on the DC Comics wiki at Wikia and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License.
Prague is the capital city of Czech Republic. The proper city is home to some 1,2 million people; the metropolitan area to about 700,000 more. The city was founded in the latter part of the 9th century, but was inhabited by Celtic and Germanic tribes as far back as 200 BC. Prague is widely regarded as one of the most beautiful cities of Europe.
1 Hockey in Prague
3 Arenas
Hockey in Prague
In 2008, the New York Rangers and the Tampa Bay Lightning met twice in a back-to-back program in Prague. It marked the first time NHL teams played official regular season games in Czech Republic.
Tesla Arena
Jaroslav Bednar
Jaroslav Hlinka
Jakub Klepis
Category: Czech towns
This article uses material from the "Prague" article on the Ice Hockey wiki at Wikia and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License.
[[File:|200px|center|Prague]]
496 km² (191.51 sq mi)
1,218,644 (2008 census)
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated on the River Vltava in central Bohemia, Prague has been the political, cultural, and economic centre of the Czech state for over 1100 years. Prague is widely considered one of the most beautiful cities in Europe with preserved examples from all periods of history and is among the most visited cities on the continent.
Earth-616: Nick Fury recruited Captain America to help locate Dmitri Panshin, a Russian citizen who wished to defect to the United States. Panshin was targeted for assassination by the armored mercenary known as Agent Orange. Captain America found him in Prague, but before he could contact him, Agent Orange burst through the ground and attempted to grab him. Captain America fought Agent Orange, shattering one of his wrist weapons, and Panshin fled again. Captain America caught up with Panshin and his son, Sergei, but the Titanium Man arrived to try to snatch Panshin again. A three-way battle ensued, with Cap and the Titanium Man temporarily flooring Agent Orange, and with the Titanium grabbing Sergei Panshin (as Dmitri had lost himself in the crowd) and flying off. Agent Orange recovered and caught up to the Titanium Man, firing a device that shorted out his armor, forcing him to drop Sergei. Agent Orange grabbed Sergei and escaped.
Earth-19980821: In Earth-19980821 continuity, Prague is the city seat of the Vampire Nation. It was the base of operations for the vampire overlord Eli Damaskinos. In 2002, an offshoot breed of vampire was developed known as the Reaper Strain. Vampires infected with the strain transformed into hideous, monsters dubbed Reapers. Reapers were stronger and more durable than traditional vampires and the only thing that could destroy them was ultraviolet radiation. The Reapers were unique in that unlike traditional vampires, they fed not off of humans, but from other vampires. Fearing extinction at the hands of the Reapers, Damaskinos enlisted the aid of his worst enemy - Blade. Blade teamed up with a vampire shock troop called the Bloodpack and fought against the Reapers. Blade, and his colleague Abraham Whistler, were the only ones to survive the incident.
Eli Damaskinos
Jared Nomak
Karl Kounen
Lighthammer
Nyssa Damaskinos
Images related to Prague
Fan Art Gallery: Prague
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This article uses material from the "Prague" article on the Marvel Database wiki at Wikia and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License.


A checking account designed for businesses that want a basic checking service.
Item fee of $.50 each if a combination of debits, credits, or check deposits exceed 150 during a monthly statement cycle.
The account for businesses looking for maximum efficiency from their checking funds and other business banking services.
Earnings based on a 3-month average 91-day T-bill rate using the average available collected balance less legal reserve.


Run engine for a couple minutes to agitate the oil.
Remove the oil drain plug (carefully, it may be hot) and use the container to catch an oil sample during mid-stream.
Fill out the information sheet and seal it with the the clear oil sample container inside the (white) shipping container.
Seal container in the provided mail pouch and drop it off with the clerk at any USPS mailing office. (You can write down the tracking # found on the pouch label to track your sample).


Medicaid | THE POLICY THINKSHOP "Think Together"
Being "in the shadows" has long been a healthcare access issue. The broken healthcare system has been aggravated by a broken immigration system. Immigration and healthcare are tied together in many ways, especially for the economically disadvantaged.
The president's plan is expected to affect up to five million of the nation's unauthorized immigrant population, currently 11.4 million according to the Migration Policy Institute. It would create a new program of deferrals for approximately 3.7 undocumented parents of American citizens or legal permanent residents who have been in the country for at least five years. Deferrals would include authorization to work and would be granted for three years at a time.
It would also expand a program created by the administration in 2012 called Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA, which allows young people who were brought into the country as children to apply for deportation deferrals and work permits. The plan would extend eligibility to people who entered the United States as children before January 2010 (the cutoff is currently June 15, 2007). It would also increase the deferral period to three years from two years and eliminate the requirement that applicants be under 31 years old. About 1.2 million young immigrants are currently eligible, and the new plan would expand eligibility to approximately 300,000 more.
It would not provide a path to full legal status or benefits under the Affordable Care Act. Officials have said that the president's plan will not provide specific protection for farm workers or parents of DACA-eligible immigrants.
The Kaiser Family Foundation has released its first survey of the population finding new health coverage under the recently implemented ACA reform. The survey delineates two main groups taking advantage of the increased access to health insurance: those who had non-group coverage and those who had no insurance at all. The experiences of these two groups may prove important, the report goes on to say, with significant implications on how the success of the ACA reform is judged.
Apparently, the success of the ACA reform in brining people into the insured fold may be limited by financial literacy, insurance literacy, and health literacy deficits evident in the Kaiser Family Foundation survey.
via Survey of Non-Group Health Insurance Enrollees | The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.
When you visit your doctor does (s)he look happy? At the end of the day healthcare is a one on one personal experience. All the insurance coverage or fancy machines in the world won't improve medical care if the doctor patient relationship is not optimal.
via Gallup.Com – Daily News, Polls, Public Opinion on Politics, Economy, Wellbeing, and World.
Like most semantically charged (politicized) issues in our public policy conversations, immigration is usually looked at from the perspective of some aggrieved or troubled constituency. Too often it is the cannon fodder of political battles resonating in the popular canons of the dominant culture.
The Policy ThinkShop seeks to help shed reason and light on all matters impacting families and children caught in the crossfire of pursuing the American Dream while experiencing all of the vulnerabilities that come from escaping economic adversity while becoming one of the most reviled and manipulated symbols within America's troubling debate over who belongs here and who does not. According to The Urban Institute (a bipartisan think tank in DC) the demographics of immigration are changing and, one should consider, that if the players (or pawns) change so will the immigration policy debate.
… then we better get busy understanding and participating in the current decision to lock unauthorized immigrants from the benefits of our healthcare system. Important and "here to stay" segments of this large group (perhaps as many as 11 million) will continue to show up in emergency rooms and make important demands on local public health infrastructures.
via A Comparison of Today's Unauthorized Immigrants and the IRCA Legalized: Implications for Immigration Reform.
"Fall 2013 will begin to usher in the key health insurance coverage expansions of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), with open enrollment in new health insurance Marketplaces beginning on October 1, 2013, and Medicaid expanding to adults in states moving forward with the ACA Medicaid expansion as of January 1, 2014. During summer 2013, with open enrollment rapidly approaching, many states were in high gear to finalize preparations for outreach and enrollment efforts to help translate these new coverage options into increased coverage for millions of currently uninsured individuals. This report provides insight into preparations in Maryland, Nevada, and Oregon -three states that have established a State-based Marketplace, are moving forward with the Medicaid expansion, and are among the states leading the way in preparing for outreach and enrollment. The findings provide an overview of where these three states are in establishing their Marketplaces; preparing for the Medicaid expansion; planning for marketing, outreach and enrollment; and establishing enrollment assistance resources. They also highlight the challenges that states have encountered and overcome, the successes they have achieved, and the key lessons that may help inform implementation efforts moving forward."via Getting into Gear for 2014: Insights from Three States Leading the Way in Preparing for Outreach and Enrollment in the Affordable Care Act | The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.
You are a leader… Whether it is for your family, your organization or your company, you need to have a handle on healthcare reform.
The Kaiser Foundation has some of the most current and accurate information available on this important subject.
The insurance marketplaces are open to nearly everyone, but If you have insurance through work, Medicare or Medicaid, it's likely you won't need to shop for coverage there. They are really for people who are uninsured or folks who buy individual policies now.
Many people will qualify for subsidies to make coverage more affordable there. These subsidies – tax credits to help pay your premiums – will be available to people with incomes up to 400 percent of the federal poverty level. That\'s about $46,000 for one person or $94,000 for a family of four. And there are cost-sharing subsidies to reduce deductibles and copayments, depending on your income.
Immigrants who are in this country illegally are barred from buying on the exchanges.
You can enroll until March 31, 2014, though you\'ll generally need to sign up by Dec. 15 of this year, to be covered as of Jan. 1. You can find your state's marketplace at healthcare.gov.
Through the marketplace, you can compare health plans in your area. The prices are based on where you live, your family size, the type of plan you select, your age and whether you smoke. All the plans have to comply with the Affordable Care Act's requirement to have a basic benefits package, but the amount you have to pay in premiums, co-pays and deductibles will vary among plans.
When you apply for coverage on the exchange, you will find out if you're eligible for subsidies to help pay for premiums. Or, if you have a low income, you can also learn if you are eligible for Medicaid coverage.
Your income — not your assets, such as your house, stocks or retirement accounts – will count toward determining whether you can get tax credits. When you buy your plan, you estimate your income for next year, and your tax credit is based on that estimate. The next year, your tax returns will be checked by the IRS and compared against your estimate.
If you qualify for a tax credit to pay your premiums, you can choose to either have the credit sent directly to the insurer or pay the whole premium up front and claim the credit on your taxes. If you qualify for cost-sharing subsidies, that subsidy will be sent directly to the insurer, and you won't have to pay as much out of pocket.
If your income increases during the year, notify the exchange promptly so that you can avoid having to pay back the credits. On the other hand, if your income goes down, you could be eligible for a bigger subsidy. Either way it\'s important to notify the exchange if your income changes.
Each plan covers 10 "essential health benefits," which include prescription drugs, emergency and hospital care, doctor visits, maternity and mental health services, rehabilitation and lab services, among others. In addition, recommended preventive services, such as mammograms, must be covered without any out-of-pocket costs to you.
You won't have to pay more for insurance if you have a medical condition and that condition will be covered when your policy begins. But older people can be charged more than younger people and smokers could face a surcharge.
The prices for the marketplace plans are likely to be similar to those sold privately. If your broker offers you a plan that is also available on the exchange, you may be eligible for subsidies.
Your insurer generally can\'t drop you, as long as you keep up with your insurance premiums and don\'t lie on your application. Generally, people will be able to enroll in or change plans once a year during the annual open enrollment period. This first year, open enrollment on the exchanges will run for six months, from Oct. 1 through March of next year. But in subsequent years the time period will be shorter, running from October 15 to December 7.
There are certain circumstances when you would be able to change plans or add or drop someone from coverage outside the regular annual enrollment period. This could happen if you lose your job, for example, or get married, divorced or have a child.
The number of plans that you can choose from is likely to vary widely. In some states, only a couple of insurers have announced plans to offer policies though the marketplace, while in others there may be a dozen or more. Even within a state, there will be differences in the number of plans available in different areas. You can expect that insurers will offer a variety of types of plans, including familiar models like PPOs and HMOs.
via A Very Quick Guide To Health Insurance Exchanges – Kaiser Health News.
One of our Policy ThinkShop bloggers posting on other social media regarding poverty policy, or the lack there of, in our country ….
Thanks for the report updating the latest ideas on our ongoing discourse on poverty and for getting us to think about the important connections between education, poverty and health.
I sat in Prof. Gary Orfield's office one day while he fielded a call from the then Ronald Reagan stacked Civil Rights Commission which Prof. Orfield was a member of. It was a turning point for me in how I would henceforth see the role that well-meaning advocates play in our government's institutions. After nearly four decades experiencing health and human services policy and planning in our nation's state and local systems, that lesson still holds—facts are not enough, we must do. The problem becomes who is the "we"?
MOre via How to reduce health inequities? | LinkedIn.
The Policy ThinkShop is expanding its policy analysis and research resources in response to the current healthcare reform challenges faced by the states and communities. We will be posting periodic articles and resources addressing the numerous variables that define the nation's current healthcare challenges which go well beyond putting a health insurance card in a person's hand.
for more health specific resources and to share with us which areas of health you want us to address for your daily health administration, policy and planning needs.
The restaurant industry can be seen as fitting into a continuum. At one extreme are the restaurants that focus on providing easy to make menus, easy to store foods, easy to please customers. By easy to please we might mean people who are looking for the basic satisfying elements producing the classic "addictive" flavors from sweets, salts and fatty foods. At the other extreme, difficult to call it "extreme" since it is probably the more reasonable in terms of healthy lifestyle, there is the fresh vegetables, fish and light fowl, moderately portioned cuisine served in prestigious and select culinary establishments for the educated palate. Home cooking has historical and culturally embedded positive meaning in our culture but truth be told most home cooking is not very healthy either… In this case, it probably goes outside our initial restaurant continuum because cooking at home requires skill, time and appropriate ingredients. Of course, in the available ingredients we find the most difficult challenge. Keeping fresh vegetables, fish and fowl on hand is to often cumbersome and expensive. Although budget is often the decisive factor here, time, a more universally unavailable commodity, is often the thing that makes or breaks home cooking.
Aside from the mechanics, logistics and administrative aspects of culinary efficacy there is, perhaps equally decisive as time, health literacy. That is, knowledge of the relationship between food and health. That is not the only aspect of health literacy but it just as well aught to be. According to the Gallop Poll, knowledge about what we eat is woefully missing in the American culinary mind.
via In U.S., Less Than Half Look at Restaurant Nutrition Facts.
Historically, if you have a job, although you may barely have enough to pay rent and feed your family, you cannot qualify for help with the high cost of healthcare for your growing family.
The expansion of Medicaid means that people who struggle in low paying jobs will be able to qualify for healthcare at reasonable rates for them or their employers under the new expansion made possible by the current ACA healthcare reform (Obama Care).
Hispanics are the nation's largest growing majority and are increasingly becoming the largest group in many of the nation's cities and states. Ironically, a disproportionate majority of the people who qualify for Medicaid expansion, will be Hispanics/Latinos, who tend to work at low paying/low benefit jobs that do not currently provide benefits, much less health benefits, for their growing families. Obama care offers incentives and eventually legal mandates for employers and individuals to avail themselves of local health care access opportunities. States must step up to the plate and help create and/or support these local healthcare access opportunities. The Federal government must be held accountable, though, to continue to support these efforts and not leave the states on their own–especially in these times of recession and low state tax collection due to a recessionary economy.
What is at stake is the healthcare coverage that is needed by millions of mothers and children who will otherwise be punished for taking low paying, low benefit jobs. Hispanics/Latinos are not rewarded by our society for having high labor force participation rates. The states need to take a long look at the implementation for the ACA and see it as an opportunity to invest in today's young Latinos/Hispanics who are becoming an important part of the American mosaic and our future.
More via The Cost of Not Expanding Medicaid | The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.


text:
Title: Phylogenetic analysis of nodulation and nitrogen fixation genes of a brazilian collection of Bradyrhizobium strains.
Authors: MENNA, P.
RIBEIRO, R. A.
HUNGRIA, M.
Affiliation: PAMELA MENNA, CNPq; RENAN A. RIBEIRO, UEL; MARIANGELA HUNGRIA DA CUNHA, CNPSO.
Citation: In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CULTURE COLLECTIONS, 12., 2010, Florianópolis. Biological Resource Centrers: gateway to biodiversity and services for innovations in biotechnology: proceedings. [S.l]: WFCC, 2010.
Description: The genus Bradyrhizobium encompasses a variety of bacteria that can live in symbiotic and endophytic associations with legumes and non-legumes, and are characterized by physiological and symbiotic versatility and broad geographical distribution. In studies with Bradyrhizobium strains the comparison of phylogenies of nodulation and housekeeping genes has indicated a monophyletic origin of nodulation genes and diffusion by vertical and horizontal gene transfer, the last one probably influenced by the host plants. In previous studies with the strains analyzed in this study we have shown high diversity in the 16S rRNA, ITS rRNA, atpD, glnII, dnaK and recA housekeeping genes (Menna et al., 2006, 2009). However, despite indications of great genetic variability within the Bradyrhizobium genus, little is known about the phylogeny of the nodulation and nitrogen fixation genes. In this study the nodulation genes nodY/K, nodA and nodZ and the nitrogen fixation gene nifH of forty Bradyrhizobium strains were sequenced and analyzed. The great majority of the strains are from tropical regions and were isolated from members of the three subfamilies and nine tribes of the family Leguminosae (=Fabaceae). In all phylogenetic trees a high level of genetic diversity was observed and several clusters were correlated with the subfamilies of the host plants. One example was with the symbionts of Glycine max and Acacia sp., classified in the subfamilies Papilionoideae and Mimosoideae, respectively. In the phylogenetic trees built with nodY/K and nodA the symbionts of Acacia sp. were clustered in an isolated group, and no amplification was obtained for the nodZ gene. A successful amplification of nifH gene was obtained with all strains, and the resulting phylogenetic tree had similar clusters in comparison to the trees build with the nodulation genes (nodY/K, nodA and nodZ). The strains which failed in the amplification for some nodulation genes occupied an isolated position in the nifH tree. The comparison of all trees has shown no correlation between housekeeping and nod and nifH genes. The results pointed out the high diversity of nodulation and nitrogen fixation genes of tropical Bradyrhizobium strains and in several clusters high correlation between nod and nif genes and the host plants was observed. Partially financed by: CNPq (577933/2008-6; 558455/2008-5; 470162/2009-0)
Thesagro: Fixação de nitrogênio
NAL Thesaurus: Nitrogen fixation
Keywords: Análise filogenética
ICCC.12Pamela.pdf 139,34 kB Adobe PDF


It's not so easy to describe my own video :-) I was so nervous, I hope that this is not so noticeable :-) As you can imagine vielleciht, I like it rather something on the hard side: - Even when I'm alone, I like to torture myself with candle wax. The hot soft flowing feeling on my skin makes me immediately horny and wet. Even now when I write about it :-) Just look at it. I hope you like it: - * Let me know what you think and what I can do better.


A MUST READ FOR MARTIAL ARTISTS INTERESTED IN CHINESE HERBS AND DIT DA JOW!!
A renowned expert in Chinese sports medicine and martial arts reveals ancient Eastern secrets for healing common injuries, including sprains, bruises, deep cuts, and much more.
For centuries, Chinese martial arts masters have kept their highly prized remedies as carefully guarded secrets, calling such precious and powerful knowledge "a tooth from the tiger's mouth." Now, for the first time, these deeply effective methods are revealed to Westerners who want alternative ways to treat the acute and chronic injuries experienced by any active person.
While many books outline the popular teachings of traditional Chinese medicine, only this one offers step-by-step instructions for treating injuries. Expert practitioner and martial artist Tom Bisio explains the complete range of healing strategies and provides a Chinese first-aid kit to help the reader fully recover from every mishap: cuts, sprains, breaks, dislocations, bruises, muscle tears, tendonitis, and much more.
Comprehensive and easy to follow, with drawings to illustrate both the treatment strategies and the strengthening exercises, this unique guidebook will give readers complete access to the powerful healing secrets of the great Chinese warriors.
Author: Tom Bisio is a world-renowned martial artist and a licensed practitioner of Chinese medicine. He heads a clinic in New York City where his unique background in Western and Eastern approaches to healing has helped him create and implement effective rehabilitation programs.