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Sebastian Sârbu, Academician, is DOCTOR IN DIPLOMACY (HONORIS CAUSA) of the Academy of Universal Global Peace (AUGP), expert in intelligence and diplomacy, director of the International Center for Criminal Intelligence, Senior Executive Officer of the International Organization of Security and Intelligence in Canada, Vancouver, former Honorary Consul at American Diplomatic Mission of International Relations and former Special Advisor of the Helsinki Think Tank, Honor Man of Foreign Legion, Partner of the International Police Organization and the European Commission. He also holds many ranks in UN-affiliated organizations.
Major Gl. acad. Dr. Sebastian Sârbu's skills involve: geopolitics, interdisciplinary research, scientific research, geostrategy, knowledge society, military science, military research. He holds a Ph.D. in security, is a special advisor and world contributor in the intelligence and defense fields, in security analysis, management of information, defense planning, security culture, cybersecurity, information warfare, new war technology, cyber power, information theory. He researches anticorruption, has an expertise in antiterrorism, strategic diplomacy, strategic diplomatic relations.
Dr. Sebastian Sârbu is an intergovernmental diplomat in International Affairs at the World Bilateral Agency, ambassador (special consul in security) at the World Humanity Commission (WHC), anticorruption expert, scientific researcher, writer, military analyst, publicist, world contributor, NGO and IGO functionary.
He has a solid experience in organizational and competences management.
Membership in fundamental scientific research with the Interdisciplinary Research Group at the Romanian Academy (within the CRIFST).
Krav Maga Instructor, SWAT training, International School of Strategy and Tactics Graduate, former Special Advisor Helsinki Think Tank, Visiting Professor at the Academy of Global Security, Visiting Professor at the Saint Mary Catholic University in the DR of the Congo.
Social skills and esprit-de-corps, creativity, heuristics, quick to process data, distributive attention, organizational skills, oratorical spirit, oratorical skills, sharpness.
Range of interests: writer, journalist, legal expert, strategic management and leadership, anticorruption expert, educator, scientific researcher, military analyst, author of accredited didactic and scientific works.
Special awards: The Merit Award of the I-SUN-VV Int. Society Of The United Nations Missions' Veterans; the MCP PRESS International Agency's Richard Wagner Award for promotion of values (2007).
Published papers: more than 100 articles and editorials on socio-human issues, published in the various journals and magazines.
Communication Campaign "In memoriam Dr. Martin Luther King'' (January 2007) with Mass Communication Power International Agency.
Published books: "Knowledge and Creation", Tempus Publishers (2004); "Corruption – the flaw of modern society", Victor Publishers (2005) (selected for the scholar and academic circuit): "The Book of the Nation", Mihai Eminescu International Foundation (2008); ,,Out of the mysteries of the Universe", Semne Publishers (2010); "The Corruption Felonies", Niculescu Publishers (2013); "Intelligence and Power", Semne Publishers
• Rank of Major General Academia, International Academy of Cossacks, Intelligence Department – Ukraine
• Member and publicist of the Transatlantic Press Club
• Director of the American Intelligence Agency International Center for Criminal Intelligence (nominated in January 2016)
Teodor Frunzeti, General
Born on September 4, 1955
Sebastian Sârbu, Academician
Resides in Bucharest, Romania
Born on August 24, 1978
Email: dan.sarbu37@gmail.com
General Teodor Frunzeti, currently advisor for the Security Department of Romania's Presidential Administration, was the chief of the Romanian Land Forces Staff from November 3, 2006, to March 17, 2009.
Education: "Nicolae Bălcescu" Military Academy, Sibiu (1977); National Defense University, Joint Section, Bucharest (1987); military higher education instructors course, Bucharest (1991); joint postgraduate course, Bucharest (1993); NATO School, Germany (1995); microcomputer operation course (1995); advanced French course, Canada (1995); Ph.D. in military art and science (1996); advanced English course, USA (1997); US Army Command and General Staff College, USA (1998); United Nations senior management seminar, New York City and Oslo (2004); NATO Defense College, Rome (2005); senior executive seminar at the George C. Marshall Center for Security Studies, Germany (2006); international defense transformation course at the Naval Postgraduate School, USA (2006); Ph.D. in political science (2006).
He is Associate Professor and Ph.D. coordinator at the National Defense University in Bucharest and Associate Professor at the "Lucian Blaga" University in Sibiu. He is author and co-author of 13 books related to military activity and 114 articles in the field.
Positions: platoon leader of the 1st Mechanized Regiment (1977-1980); instructor at the Patriotic Guards, Bucharest (1980-1985); student officer of the National Defense University, Bucharest (1985-1987); chief of operations and deputy chief of staff at the 1st Mechanized Regiment (1987-1989); chief of staff at the 452nd Engineer Battalion (1989-1990); staff officer at the Operations Division within the 1st Army Command (1990); lecturer and professor at the National Defense University (1990-1998); university professor, pro-rector, and deputy commander of the Land Forces Military Academy in Sibiu (1998-2000); Chief of Defense Strategies Section of the Strategic Planning Directorate, General Staff (2000-2002); 33rd Mechanized Brigade commander and 10th Territorial Corps deputy commander (2002-2003); Chief of Training and Doctrine (and Army General Inspector) and Commander of the Land Forces Command (2003-2004); Commander of the "Marshal Alexandru Averescu" 2nd Joint Operational Command (2004-2006); Chief of the Land Forces Staff (2006-2009).
National honors: Romanian Royal Family – 52nd Knight of the Royal Decoration of the Cross of the Romanian Royal House; Romanian Republic – Recipient of the Faithful Service Cross.
Foreign honors: France – Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honor.
Teodor Frunzeti is married and has one child.
Silviu Crăescu, HC Dr.
Silviu Crăescu is a top expert in intelligence trained in international diplomacy and a seasoned specialist in security and intelligence, North Atlantic certified.
He is a diplomat and a specialist in the security awareness culture niche. A real top notch professional in optimization of the organizational management and administration and state protocol, he implemented special events' settings and timing, the management and planning of defense for emergency situations and social safe conduct, both at national and private level security.
Mr. Silviu Crăescu received commendation in the elite magazine of the American Navy as the mastermind of a STRATFOR level institution, having the assignment to provide Romanians and foreign community risk assessment solutions, training, and combat the effects of natural disasters. His security research covers almost all the fields of activity within modern society as a reaction to the craving for serenity, safe conduct, protection, etc.
Mr. Silviu Crăescu is an expert young leader with an extensive background in protocol and diplomacy, intelligence operations, journalism, military geopolitical analysis, prediction, and European inter-institutional affairs.
Career specialized in the study of: organization and management of national and defense intelligence institutions; role of and policy concerning intelligence institutions in government; comparative study of intelligence institutions and concepts; intelligence analytic training and methodology; intelligence agencies and cyber-security; intelligence professionalization, standards and doctrine.
Former Advisor / Administrator / Chief of Protocol / ATO / TIC and Protection Officer for the last two U.S. Ambassadors at the American Diplomatic Mission of Bucharest, in Romania (2006-2010). He was awarded by the U.S. Department Defense Security Service Academy and the U.S. Department Defense Cybersecurity of USG a scholarship to study awareness training for high rank DoD personnel eligible for official travel on government orders and security awareness training for federal security personnel. Life time OSINT Intelligence Collector / Operator with experience across multiple disciplines.
Direct experience with CIA, USSS - Advance Protective Team, RSO and NSA, military source operations, executive protective management, liaison and advanced defense security operations.
Working also for the private CIA – Tactical Rabbit from the U.S.
Now he is also a member of the international close protection intelligence group which fights for global security and North-Western ideals.
At present, he is a senior advisor to many Romanian political leaders for Homeland Security, Intergovernmental Affairs, Political Affairs & Public Liaison.
In the past, he was a graduate student, following the order of the commander (rector of the military unit 02585), at the National University of Defense "Carol I". Department of Advanced Education, advanced degree graduate, multiple courses and studies on NATO, DOISS Department of Security Operations and Strategy Studies, also studied at the IDF NATO School in Obergammen, Germany, and the IDF NATO college in Rome, Italy.
He is Executive Vice-President at the International Center for High Security Studies, charged with Defense and Operational Responses to Crisis, from Bucharest, Romania.
Ex-Special Operations Agent.
Representative Member at the International Association for Intelligence and Security, also a member of the global intelligence community.
Trainer specialized in counterintelligence training design, running, evaluating and reviewing theoretical / practical activities and / or geopolitical study, research, training, and professional skills development, carried out in institutions or at work.
He is a competent professional evaluator, assessing candidates' professional skills compared with the occupational standard.
A mentor, he specializes in the fields of military intelligence education, civil education, culture, mass media, assuming the responsibility to monitor students' teaching practice. As President and mentor, he organizes demonstrative lessons and teaching hours for student practicing, by practicing techniques, methods, and teaching tools, leading to improved student skills in intelligence in the educational process. His great responsibility is to be a donor of public security, and to obtain accreditation, reputation, and international prestige for NSADP.
Skills: senior economist, political consultant, senior analyst in international military affairs, OSINT-HUMINT intelligence operator / collector, private and residential security consultant, expert – risk assessor in occupational workplace health and safety issues, specialist in physical protection, expert in national defense and security.
Career specialized in: organizing and managing the national defense and information gathering institutions (STAR CC) – intelligence, surveillance, target identification and acquisitions –, coordination of All Sources Cells (ASC), studying the role and policy concerning government owned intelligence institutions, comparative case studies of intelligence entities and making up concepts, security awareness culture, consultancy in the field of security and defense, analytic and methodological intelligence, intelligence agents and cybernetic security, professionalized information, NATO military standards and doctrine.
Education: trainee at the NATO School in Obergammen, Germany, and at the NATO College in Rome, Italy; multiple individual military and civil courses; other international operational training courses in law enforcement; special courses in the field of emergency intervention in case of crisis or hostile activity, counterintelligence and military espionage, both civil and industrial, within the Department Of Defense (DoD) and other countries such as Belgium, Switzerland, and Brazil.
SPECIAL ADVISORS
Johan Obdola is president and founder of the International Organization for Security and Intelligence (IOSI) and one of the top international government security and intelligence expert, speaker on narco-terrorism, transnational crime and terrorism, and a constant media reference on these security subjects.
Obdola's professional experience covers counter-narcotics, counter-terrorism, narco-terrorism, transnational crime, and other security threats in Latin America, the Caribbean, Africa, and the Middle East-GCC. He is a prolific international speaker in military, law enforcement, and other government-official related conferences and seminars, covering mostly national, regional, and international security issues.
Obdola is involved in several not-for-profit organizations, including advisor of Kape-Kape, an indigenous NGO in Venezuela, and Board of the Autism Trust Foundation in Dubai.
Zoltan Veres
Director, Sun Rise House
José Antonio Hernández, Prof. Dr.
Founding president, WUHRHS
John Raciti is Director (Sydney, Australia) of Fox Petroleum Limited, ambassador to Australia, British High Commissioner to the Vice President of the Commonwealth Nations for Australia, British High Commissioner for Personal Interests of Commonwealth Nations, ambassador of OSI Foundation in Australia and New Zealand, and ambassador for Australia of the International Human Rights Commission.
He works with TGS Australia and New Zealand – APAC Regional Charter, Global Risk International, and the International Military Corps of Peacekeepers. He is a counter-terrorism analyst at the Observatory against Terrorist Threat and Jihadist Radicalization of OSI Intelligence. He works to protect internet businesses and government users against online fraud.
He has studied security and counter-terrorism at the Swinburne University.
Bogdan Licu
Prosecutor General


I'm so glad Josh got to go say "goodbye" for us. Our weekend of rescheduled Mother's Day and a photo shoot threw off our Sunday schedule and I was sad to have missed your party.
I'm already looking forward to your posts of how you landed and moved in to your new home.
Love it, but now I'm crying again!


Easily mistaken for the infinity sign, a circle, or any number of more complex pretzels and knots, the Lissajous figure is a picture of compound harmonic motion named for French physicist and mathematician Jules Antoine Lissajous (1822–1880). The shape is drawn by plotting a two-variable parametric equation as it iterates itself over time — the resulting figure is the picture of two systems falling into and out of phase.
These two varying signals produce a perpetual infinity (figuratively and literally as it will actually construct itself in the shape of the infinity sign given the right initial values). Any figure may be transformed into any other figure as the oscillating sine waves pass in and out of harmonic resonance.
Launch Jules. Double tap the screen of your device and move your finger up or down to change the speed at which Jules draws. Double tap again to hide the speed. By randomising the constants of the Lissajous curve's equations, it draws a new shape every two minutes.
Swipe the screen with two fingers to start drawing a new figure. Tap and hold at any time to save a screenshot to your camera roll.


12.64 acres of level to rolling meadows with some woods and creek on back, open pasture, gorgeous views, shared pond and partial fencing. This tract has road frontage of 375 ft. on Old BB Hwy. Located within the Kearney school district in unincorporated Clay County, the property backs to the Historic James Farm Museum and is close to Claybrook Park. The property is zoned R1-A, has been platted and approved and utilities are available. 2017 taxes $37.54. Perfect for dream home and hobby farm.
Listing courtesy of Re/Max Excel.


Howard County Executive Calvin Ball has announced that the 2020 state capital budget includes $3.4 million in funds for Ellicott City's Safe and Sound Plan. In addition, a bill (House Bill 428) succeeded in securing a minimum of $8 million spread out over three years to fund the Comprehensive Flood Mitigation Fund, prioritizing historic districts affected by flooding.
Ball will release information about Phase 2 of the Safe and Sound Plan today, Tuesday, April 16.


Michael Christopher Estes, 46, pleaded guilty to unlawful possession of explosive materials in an airport.
ASHEVILLE — The man who allegedly left an explosive device at the Asheville Regional Airport pleaded guilty in federal court Friday morning.
Michael Christopher Estes, 46, was initially charged with attempted malicious use of explosive materials and unlawful possession of explosive materials in an airport. He pleaded guilty to the latter count — which carries a maximum sentence of five years in prison and a $250,000 fine — according to Lia Bantavani, a spokeswoman for the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Western District of North Carolina.
Estes admitted in court Friday that he bought the materials for the bomb he built and left by the baggage claim of the airport in the early hours of Oct. 6. Estes told federal law enforcement that he planned to "fight a war on U.S. soil," according to a criminal complaint filed in federal court.
Attached to the bomb was a clock with an alarm positioned to go off at 6 a.m., but Estes hadn't set the alarm. He told federal agents that "his intention was not to hurt the public but to devise a training scenario," Bantavani wrote in a press release.
Authorities at the airport were alerted of the "suspicious bag" containing the bomb at about 6:30 a.m., roughly six hours after Estes left it there.
A sentencing date for Estes has not yet been set.


Take 19 to Regency Park Blvd. Go east on Regency Park and turn south on Cherry Creek lane. Make the next left onto Old Orchard Lane. It is on the left side of the street just as the street bends south.
Sign up to view market trends and price history for 10140 Old Orchard Lane.
I am interested in 10140 Old Orchard Lane, Port Richey, FL 34668.


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Q: How to use different routes for sections of the same page? I am developing in Rails 3 and have a html document with the following structure:

I can link to sections by going to the address: /index#one, /index#two and /index#three. Is it possible to give these a specific named route in rails? Something like:
match '/one',   :to => 'pages#index#one'
match '/two',   :to => 'pages#index#two'
match '/three', :to => 'pages#index#three'

I'd rather actually name the route, than put the hash into the address bar, if that makes sense.
Thanks in advance.

A: In the views, you can use the :anchor parameter to modify the named routes, like this:
<%= link_to 'One', pages_path(:anchor => 'one') %>

That's how I would do it.
Edit: I think I misunderstood your problem. You want completely distinct URLs which redirect to different anchors on an identical page, right?
Personally, I don't think it's a good idea, since if you have links to the different sections in the document, they will produce a page reload which is normally not necessary for anchors. You'd also need some JavaScript workaround for behavior which is automatically handled by the browser if done the usual way.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


As a work of historical fiction, one of the major techniques employed in The Last Days of Night is a compressing and rearranging of the real-life calendar of events. Below, you can find both the real and the fictional timelines, so you can see where they match-up and where they diverge. Click on each event to see a primary source account of it.
Please note: "Historical spoilers" abound, so don't read this until you've finished the book!
Westinghouse counter-sues Edison by filing a suit against the McKeesport Light Company, an Edison entity.
Alfred Southwick, a member of the New York State Death Commission, reaches out to Thomas Edison about the efficacy of using electricity to execute prisoners, but Edison declines to get involved.
After some further prodding by Southwick, Edison has a change of heart and promotes the idea of using Westinghouse's A/C current as the method of execution.
Edison outed as being Harold Brown's co-conspirator in promoting the electric chair.


RV Insurance You Can Trust Backed By the Largest RV Owners Club in the World.
RV Insurance is vastly different than car insurance. In fact, it's a common misconception that your RV is properly protected by the same type of insurance that covers your personal vehicle. At the Good Sam Insurance Agency, we understand that your RV is in a class all its own.
We work with some of the top insurance companies in the country to custom create an insurance policy that protects your Class A, B or C motorhome, travel trailer or pop-up. By shopping our multi-carrier network, we ensure that you get the coverage you need at a price that fits both your budget and your RV lifestyle.
And whether you're pulling your RV or you're driving it, we know that you're likely travelling with other belongings that will also need protected. At The Good Sam Insurance Agency, we can cover your tow vehicle, boat, ATV – even your clothes, computer and jewelry. When you think of The Good Sam Insurance Agency, we want you to think of us as complete lifestyle insurance. And you can quote it all online now - or you can call 1-888-514-1116 to speak with one of our licensed agents. Be sure to mention Savings Code TD-80 when you call to get the best rate.


The Benromach Distillery Company Ltd has launched the latest in its Benromach Wood Finish range: Benromach Hermitage 2007.
Initially matured in bourbon barrels for six years, the spirit was transferred to oak casks that once nurtured wine from the Hermitage Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée, in the northern Rhône region of France, and finished for a further 31 months.
Benromach Hermitage Wood Finish 2007 (ABV 45%) has aromas of sweet summer fruits and zesty lemon and lime. This is followed by a touch of vanilla and cinnamon, and underlined by peat smoke with a peppermint edge. On the palate, it's a sweet, fruity dram, with succulent dark cherry and orange flavours combining with creamy milk chocolate to create a gentle smoky edge and a long, fruity finish.
This latest whisky follows the limited edition Wood Finish expressions Hermitage 2005, Château Cissac 2006 and Sassicaia 2007.
"At Benromach we work with some of the world's most exclusive wineries to carefully select casks for finishing. The Benromach Hermitage 2007 is the latest release from our Wood Finishes range, which gives our customers the opportunity to experience classic Benromach with a twist."
Benromach is handcrafted using the finest natural ingredients at the Forres distillery. Since the distillery was brought back to life in 1998, the team at Benromach has developed a core range of single malts with the classic pre-1960s Speyside character, and has added a range of exciting expressions, including the first certified organic whisky and a heritage range.
Benromach Hermitage 2007 is available to purchase at specialist whisky retailers with an RRP of £40.25. Prices may vary in export markets because of duty and import taxes.


We are in exam weeks (last week and this) and then Ken will be away for three classes with you during November for two conferences. Please be sure to be pushing yourself as well as keep in contact with myself and your colleagues via Twitter, Slack and all other methods!
Class as usual on Friday October 28th. We will be discussing tools for a new software development project.
No class on Tuesday November 1st and Friday November 4th. Ken will be at the The 13th Annual Open Education Conference. You can see my schedule here, follow along on Twitter with #OpenEd16 and I will be blogging about what I did that week for the conference.
Classes as usual November 8th and 11th.
No class Tuesday November 15th and Friday November 18th. Ken will be a keynote at the FlipCon Adelaide Conference in Australia.
Remember, this is student-centered learning, you need to drive the learning and ensure that I (and classmates) are helping you get what you need and pushing you to keep learning.
Keep an eye on this page but even more important, be sure that you are watching our Slack Channel. You could install the app for Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Windows Desktop, Mac or just check the course slack page once a day or so.
I will keep posting to Twitter since it brings in outside perspective to our work and helps expose you to your growing Personal Learning Network. I invite you to do the same.
(updated) The Rubric for partial#2 is released, go check it out here.
There will be more readings assigned that I suggest (based on request). As always not required but I will assign only readings (and/or videos) that I feel are appropriate and well written for you.
We discussed Complexity and Complicated.
We listened to this audio, please listen and blog about this.
We will be discussing what tools you would need (hypothetical) for your new super software project.
Not just what types of software and tools but which specific tools.
We will use the whiteboards and markers.
Week 12 – More Open Source and Tools by Ken Bauer is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


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Леодегар Чілла Тенга (;  ) — танзанійський футбольний діяч. В минулому один з найкращих танзанійських футболістів, гравець збірної Танзанії у складі якої взяв участь у першому історичному Кубку африканських націй 1980 року. З 2005 до 2013 року — президент Федерації футболу Танзанії.

Примітки

Посилання
 Профіль футболіста  на сторінці ФІФА
 Дані про Леодеґара Тенґу
 Керівництво Танзанської федерації футболу

Танзанійські футболісти
Гравці збірної Танзанії з футболу
Футболісти «Янг Афріканс»
Футболісти «Пан Афрікан»
Футбольні функціонери

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Un bêta-bloquant est un médicament utilisé en cardiologie qui bloque l'action des neurotransmetteurs du système adrénergique comme par exemple l'adrénaline. Cette classe médicamenteuse est notamment utilisée pour la régulation des rythmes cardiaques anormaux, comme l'arythmie, la bradycardie ou la tachycardie. Ils peuvent également être utilisés dans le traitement de l'hypertension artérielle, chez les patients ayant souffert d'angine de poitrine afin de prévenir la survenue d'accidents cardiaques ainsi que sous forme de collyres pour diminuer les effets des glaucomes.

Les récepteurs bêta-adrénergiques sont situés entre autres au niveau du cœur, des muscles lisses, des reins, des poumons et des vaisseaux sanguins. Lorsqu'ils sont activés par les neurotransmetteurs du système adrénergique (par exemple l'adrénaline), ils entraînent en général une augmentation du stress et du métabolisme en activant le système nerveux sympathique. Les bêta-bloquants prennent la place des neurotransmetteurs sur les récepteurs bêta, mais ne provoquent pas de réaction de la part de ces récepteurs. Ils sont ainsi définis comme «antagonistes» de ces derniers: ils bloquent donc les effets des récepteurs bêta-adrénergique et du système nerveux sympathique.

Les premiers bêta-bloquants sont synthétisés au début des années soixante, ce qui a permis une révolution dans le traitement des pathologies cardiaques. James W. Black, qui a synthétisé le propranolol, premier bêta-bloquant d'usage médical, a été récompensé en 1988 par le prix Nobel de médecine.

Un traitement par bêta-bloquant ne doit en aucun cas être arrêté brutalement, surtout chez les patients souffrant de pathologies coronaires, car un arrêt brutal peut causer des troubles du rythme potentiellement mortels.

Indications et usages
Tous les bêta-bloquants ne sont pas efficaces de manière équivalente dans toutes les situations, soit que leurs caractéristiques soient différentes, soit que le laboratoire fabriquant la molécule n'ait pas jugé utile de tester celle-ci dans toutes les situations. Par exemple, un bêta-bloquant utilisé dans le traitement du glaucome ne sera pas forcément utilisable pour la prévention des angines de poitrines.

Hypertension
On les utilise aussi pour stabiliser une hypertension artérielle ou traiter une crise hypertensive. Le seuil de travail du cœur est abaissé pour prévenir les excès d'effort cardiaque. La pression artérielle est diminuée grâce à un débit plus faible et régulier. Les bêta-bloquants ne constituent cependant plus le premier choix de classe thérapeutique pour cette pathologie.

Arythmie
Ils sont utilisés également en tant que médicaments antiarythmiques et constituent la classe II de la classification de Vaughan Williams. Ils sont efficaces pour ralentir un rythme rapide et pour prévenir la survenue d'un trouble du rythme auriculaire ou ventriculaire.

Insuffisance cardiaque
L'utilisation en cas d'insuffisance cardiaque est plus récente. Elle est quelque peu paradoxale puisqu'ils diminuent la contraction du muscle cardiaque et contrecarrent l'effet du système adrénergique, utile pour le maintien du débit cardiaque. La première utilisation date de 1975. Leur efficacité est actuellement largement démontrée tant dans la réduction de la mortalité que des événements indésirables graves. Tous les bêta-bloquants n'ont cependant pas été étudiés dans cette indication : seuls le métoprolol, le bisoprolol, le nébivolol et le carvédilol ont prouvé une efficacité en cas d'insuffisance cardiaque avec une fraction d'éjection basse (dysfonction systolique). En cas d'insuffisance cardiaque avec fonction systolique préservée, l'indication des bêta-bloquants est plus discutée.

Angine de poitrine
Les bêta-bloquants sont utilisés dans la maladie coronarienne, comme traitement de fond de l'angor pour prévenir l'apparition de crises angineuses. Après un infarctus du myocarde, ils diminuent significativement le risque de récidive ainsi que le risque d'un trouble du rythme ventriculaire permettant de prévenir un certain nombre de morts subites.

Migraines
Les bêta-bloquants sans activité sympathomimétique intrinsèque peuvent aussi être utilisés en prophylaxie de la migraine réfractaire aux traitements antimigraineux habituel. Ils sont alors utilisés en tant que traitement de fond. Le propranolol, le nadolol, l'aténolol et le métoprolol ont tous été démontrés efficaces dans la diminution du nombre mais aussi de la sévérité des crises. Par comparaison, les antagonistes avec activité sympathomimétique intrinsèque (alprénolol, oxprénolol, pindolol et acébutolol) n'offrent pas une telle protection. En France, les bêta-bloquants utilisés dans le traitement de fond des migraines sont le propranolol et le métoprolol.

Glaucomes
Les bêta-bloquants sont utilisés dans le traitement de certains glaucomes sous forme de collyres. Ils agissent en diminuant la pression intraoculaire par diminution de la sécrétion de l'humeur aqueuse. La diminution de cette sécrétion est causée par les bêta-bloquants inhibant les nerfs du système nerveux sympathiques situé au niveau de l'épithélium ciliaire.

Autres indications thérapeutiques

Ils sont également efficaces dans le traitement de l'hyperthyroïdie, le sevrage de toxicomanie, en prévention des hémorragies digestives chez les cirrhotiques par rupture de varices œsophagiennes, en cas de tremblements et dans certaines akathisies des parkinsoniens.

Ils ont un effet modérateur du tempérament et sont parfois utilisés pour cette propriété. Certains β-bloquants, tel le propranolol, ont la propriété de neutraliser les neurotransmetteurs responsables de la mémorisation des émotions, aussi bien de peine que de joie. Ils peuvent donc réduire ou effacer certaines émotions traumatiques. L'armée américaine a étudié leur efficacité pour réduire le stress des combattants.

Mésusages
Ils sont considérés comme dopants dans les sports de précision, le sport automobile, le saut à ski et le saut (ski/surf) freestyle, et dans les diverses disciplines subaquatiques en apnée grâce à leur activité cardiaque permettant l'amélioration des performances. Ils sont interdits dans de nombreux sports par le comité international olympique. Par exemple, aux jeux olympiques d'été de 2008, le détenteur de la médaille de bronze au tir 50 mètres et 10 mètres, Kim Jong-su, a été testé positif au propranolol, ce qui lui a valu le retrait de ses médailles.

Ils sont utilisés afin d'améliorer les performances par des chirurgiens.

Ils sont souvent utilisés à tort pour diminuer le stress, notamment par les étudiants en périodes d'examens et tout particulièrement par les étudiants en médecine.

Pharmacologie

Les récepteurs adrénergiques se divisent en deux classes: les récepteurs α-adrénergiques et les récepteurs β-adrénergiques. Ils jouent un rôle central dans le système nerveux sympathique: les catécholamines (principalement l'adrénaline et la noradrénaline) sont les ligands naturels des récepteurs adrénergiques et sont les neurotransmetteurs de ce système nerveux.
Les β-bloquants provoquent une inhibition compétitive des récepteurs β-adrénergiques, bloquant ainsi le fonctionnement des catécholamines. Cela entraîne une diminution du tonus sympathique. Les récepteurs β-adrénergiques se  séparent en trois grands types: β, β et β, le blocage de ces récepteurs cause des effets variés.

Sur les récepteurs β
Le blocage des récepteurs β-adrénergique entraîne :
 une réduction de la fréquence cardiaque (effets chronotropes négatifs) ;
 une diminution de l'excitabilité cardiaque (effet bathmotrope négatif) ;
 une diminution de la contractilité myocardique (effet inotrope négatif) ;
 une diminution de la vitesse de conduction cardiaque (effet dromotrope négatif) ;
 une baisse de la production de rénine, une baisse de cette enzyme entraîne une diminution générale de la pression artérielle.

Sur les récepteurs β
Les molécules adrénergiques ont un effet de relaxation bronchique ainsi que de relaxation des fibres musculaires lisses en général. Par antagonisme, l'utilisation de bêtabloquants entraîne donc une contraction des fibres musculaires lisses du poumon et de l'utérus , ainsi qu'une bronchoconstriction ce qui peut être problématique dans le cadre de patients asthmatiques ou souffrant de bronchopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO).
Dans la majorité des cas, ces effets ne sont pas recherchés, il s'agit d'effets indésirables. Certains bêta-bloquants sont dits «cardiosélectifs» et n'ont des effets que sur les récepteurs β, permettant ainsi d'éviter les effets secondaires liés au blocage de β.

Sur les récepteurs β
Les récepteurs β-adrénergiques jouent un rôle important dans la relaxation des fibres musculaires lisses de l'utérus, de la vessie et des vaisseaux sanguins. L'utilisation de bêta-bloquants inhibant l'action de ces récepteurs entraînerait donc une constriction des fibres musculaires lisses. Ils ne sont pas aujourd'hui utilisés en thérapeutique, cependant le nébivolol, un bêta-bloquant antagoniste de β inhibe également β et peut posséder des effets intéressants par le blocage de ce dernier.

Effets indésirables des β-bloquants
Aux dosages thérapeutiques et si les contre indications sont respectées, les effets indésirables sont relativement rares et sont explicables par les propriétés pharmacologiques de cette classe médicamenteuse.

 Hypotension artérielle, dans le cadre de l'utilisation de β-bloqueurs non-cardiosélectifs : l'hypotension est due à la bradycardie, effet indésirable potentiel des bêta-bloquants. Le patient décrit une sensation de blocage à l'effort ainsi qu'une asthénie. Il constate une fatigabilité accrue accompagnée d'essoufflements. Il s'agit de l'effet indésirable le plus courant.
 Asthénie, insomnie, le plus souvent transitoire
 Vasoconstriction des vaisseaux périphériques pouvant entrainer un phénomène de Raynaud, lié à une mauvaise perfusion sanguine des extrémités qui entraîne ainsi une modification de la couleur des extrémités, accompagné parfois de douleurs et de sensation de froideur .
 Crise d'asthme lié à des bronchospasmes

Effets indésirables rares
 Lupus induit ( de lupus induit, mais il s'agit d'un effet indésirable extrêmement rare au vu de la faible fréquence des lupus induits)
 Complication liée à l'observance : Il est nécessaire de veiller à ce que les comprimés soient pris de manière régulière, car l'arrêt brusque du traitement peut être suivi de troubles du rythme graves, d'infarctus ou de mort subite.
 Des troubles digestifs, tels que des gastralgies, nausées, vomissements et diarrhée peuvent apparaître.
 Cauchemars
 Œdème aigu du poumon
 Angine de poitrine dans l'Angor de Prinzmetal
 Impuissance
 Aggravation des lésions de psoriasis
 Sécheresses lacrymales, certains bêta-bloquants peuvent diminuer la sécrétion de l'humeur aqueuse des yeux. Cet effet est désirable dans le traitement des glaucomes mais est indésirable s'il ne s'agit pas de la pathologie traitée par le bêta-bloquant.
 Chutes de cheveux
 Dysgueusies

En cas de surdosage, les effets les plus importants sont la bradycardie, la chute tensionnelle, l'insuffisance cardiaque et des bronchospasmes.

Contre-indications

Contre-indications absolues
 Bloc sino-auriculaire
 Bloc atrio-ventriculaire de haut degré (BAV  ou ) sans pacemaker
 Insuffisance cardiaque décompensée, les bêta-bloquants étant par ailleurs indiqués dans le cas d'une insuffisance cardiaque stabilisée.
 Asthme : les bêtabloquants sont bronchoconstricteurs, ce qui contrevient à leur emploi chez l'asthmatique et l'insuffisant respiratoire
 Angor de Prinzmetal
L'administration de bêta-bloquants chez un patient hypotendu et souffrant de tachycardie peut diminuer ou aggraver la contractilité cardiaque et susciter un choc cardiogénique.

Contre-indications relatives
 Bronchopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO) : il existe des cas où les bêta-bloquants peuvent déstabiliser une maladie respiratoire chronique, essentiellement s'ils sont non cardiosélectifs. Néanmoins, ils réduisent malgré tout mécaniquement la mortalité cardiovasculaire. Ils pourraient même diminuer le nombre de décompensations respiratoires d'une BPCO. Lorsqu'il existe une indication cardiaque, les bêta bloquants ne doivent pas être arrêtés chez les patients souffrant de BPCO et peuvent être introduits à doses minimes et progressives.
 Syndrome de Raynaud
 Artériopathie oblitérante des membres inférieurs
 Diabète (peut masquer les signes d'hypoglycémie)
 La myasthénie peut parfois être aggravée par l'administration de bêta-bloquants.

Chimie thérapeutique
La chimie thérapeutique est la branche de la chimie s'intéressant à la création et modulation de composés chimiques entrant dans la composition des médicaments, que ce soit les principes actifs ou les excipients.

Propriétés physicochimiques générales
Les β-bloquants se présentent sous forme de poudre cristalline blanche ou peu coloré. Ces derniers comprenant systématiquement une amine secondaire ou une amine tertiaire(voir partie Pharmacophore), leurs pH se situe entre 8,7 et 9,8. Il s'agit d'une famille de médicament hétérogène avec des caractéristiques chimiques et pharmacologiques variés.

Pharmacophore
Le pharmacophore est la partie pharmacologiquement active d'une classe de molécule. Elle est le squelette minimum nécessaire à l'action recherchée de cette classe moléculaire.
Il existe deux grandes familles de bêta-bloquants:
- Les phényléthanolamines, avec une DCI en -alol (ex: sotalol)
- Les aryloxypropanolamines, avec une DCI en -olol (ex: propranolol)

Phényléthanolamines

Le pharmacophore de cette famille moléculaire consiste en un composé aromatique relié à une éthylamine substitué en position 1 par un hydroxyle. L'amine est une isopropylamine dans le cas du sotalol.
Cette famille comprend le sotalol et le labétalol, toutes non cardiosélectives, elle se lie sans distinction à β (effet désirable) et à β (effet indésirable).

Aryloxypropanolamines

Le pharmacophore de cette famille moléculaire consiste en un composé aromatique relié à une propylamine substitué en position 2 par un hydroxyle. L'amine est une isopropylamine ou une tertiobutylamine, elle peut cependant être substituée par de plus longues chaînes (ex: nébivolol, ou R=(CH)-Ar).
Cette famille comprend la majeure partie des bêta-bloquants actuellement utilisés en médecine humaine.La différence majeur avec les phényléthanolamines est l'ajout d'un groupement méthoxy sur la chaine aminée. Cette agrandissement de la chaine carboné permet une augmentation de l'activité et de la sélectivité des bêta-bloquants de cette classes.
Dans cette classe sont généralement compris le carvédilol, le nébivolol et la propafénone. Ces trois derniers sont parfois considérés comme des bêta-bloquants de troisième génération. Leur différence chimique majeur est la substitution par des groupements plus large de l'amine principal des bêta-bloquants.

Sélectivité agoniste vs antagoniste
L'utilisation d'un groupement aromatique volumineux permet la liaison de la molécule aux récepteurs sans activation: c'est donc la nature du groupement aromatique qui module la nature agoniste ou antagoniste de la molécule. L'adrénaline, agoniste des récepteurs adrénergiques, possède par exemple un noyau aromatique nommé benzènediol qui permet l'activation des récepteurs adrénergique. Le pronéthalol (un des premiers bêtabloquant) remplace ce benzènediol par un naphtalène, plus volumineux, qui explique son effet antagoniste.

Sélectivité α vs β
Les récepteurs β sont dotées d'un acide aminé hydrophobe en plus par rapport aux récepteurs α. La substitution de l'amine par des groupements carbonés permet ainsi la sélectivité α vs β.

Cardiosélectivité
Un β-bloquant est dit cardiosélectif quand l'activité β1-bloquante est bien supérieure à l'activité β2-bloquante. L'action du blocage des récepteurs β1 est recherché pour l'effet vasodilatateur luttant ainsi contre l'hypertension. Le blocage des récepteurs β2 est lui indésirable dans la grande majorité des cas car il cause une bronchoconstriction pouvant être dangereuse pour les patients insuffisant pulmonaire. Cette cardiosélectivité est créée par la substitution en para de la chaîne aminée par des groupements accepteurs de liaison hydrogène. Cette liaison hydrogène permet une interaction supplémentaire avec les récepteurs β1. La séquence d'acide aminés des récepteurs β2 ne permet pas une liaison hydrogène à cet endroit, ainsi la présence de tels groupements permet la cardiosélectivité des bêta-bloquants.

Synthèse

L'étape principale de la synthèse des β-bloquants consiste à ajouter une chaîne de propanolamine à un phénolate. Cela peut être fait en suivant deux voies distinctes, qui impliquent toutes deux l'alkylation d'un phénolate avec l'épichlorhydrine (ECH). La première voie est représentée sur le schéma ci contre comme la voie supérieure. Il s'agit d'un phénolate réagissant avec le groupement époxyde (aussi appellé oxirane) et résultant en un groupement alcoolate, qui déplace le chlorure adjacent pour former un nouveau cycle époxyde. La deuxième voie est représentée comme la voie inférieure dans le schéma. Elle consiste en un déplacement du chlore avec une réaction SN2 pour donner la même molécule qu'obtenu dans la voie précédente. Dans les deux voies, le carbone central chiral préserve sa configuration, ce qui est un paramètre importante à prendre en compte lors de la synthèse de médicaments ne devant contenir qu'un seul énantiomère. L'ouverture du cycle époxyde se fait avec une amine appropriée, telle que l'isopropylamine ou la tert-butylamine. Cela conduit au composé aryloxypropanolamine, constitué d'une amine secondaire. Cette amine est généralement connue comme le groupement structurelle causant l'activité de blocage β-adrénergique.

Histoire
Les bêta-bloquants ont été initialement développés dans les années soixante. La dichloroisoprénaline, premier bêta-bloquant découvert en 1958 par sérendipité, est un dérivé de l'adrénaline où les deux groupements hydroxyles du benzènediol ont été remplacés par du chlore. Ce dernier n'a pas d'intérêt clinique mais a mené à la synthèse en 1960 du pronéthalol.

Principes actifs
Il est à noter que les différentes classes présentées ne sont pas exclusives : un produit peut posséder des propriétés pharmacologiques multiples.

β-bloquants cardiosélectifs
Ils bloquent préférentiellement les récepteurs β, que l'on trouve principalement au niveau cardiaque, avec un effet modéré sur les récepteurs β, dont l'activation stimule naturellement la relaxation des fibres musculaires lisses des vaisseaux et des bronches. Les bêta-bloquants cardiosélectifs limitent donc la vasoconstriction qui serait induite par les bêta-bloquants non sélectifs, notamment au niveau des extrémités des membres (voir Syndrome de Raynaud) ainsi qu'un éventuel phénomène de bronchoconstriction (et donc le risque de bronchospasme chez les individus prédisposés à l'asthme). Les bêta-bloquants cardiosélectifs les plus utilisés sont l'acébutolol, l'aténolol, le bisoprolol, le métoprolol, le céliprolol et le nébivolol.

β-bloquants non-cardiosélectifs
Ces bêta-bloquants inhibent à la fois les récepteurs β1 et à la fois les récepteurs β2. Ils sont donc définis comme non sélectifs, et dû aux effets cardiaques des récepteurs β1, ils sont précisément dénommés «non-cardiosélectifs». Ils comprennent notamment la dichloroisoprénaline, le premier bêta-bloquant découvert mais non utilisé en thérapeutique, le propranolol, qui sera le premier utilisé en médecine, le sotalol et le timolol.

β-bloquants β-2 sélectifs
Certains β-bloquants sont non cardiosélectifs, et sont sélectifs uniquement des récepteurs β-2, comme par exemple

β-bloquants avec activité alpha-bloquante
Ces bêta-bloquants inhibent les récepteurs bêta adrénergique mais également les récepteurs alpha adrénergiques, comme le labétalol ou le carvédilol.

β-bloquants avec activité sympathomimétique intrinsèque (ASI)
Ces β-bloquants ont un effet stimulant direct sur les récepteurs β (partiellement).
Ils peuvent donc s'avérer utiles en clinique lorsque le patient présente une bradycardie relativement importante (surtout au repos) puisque l'effet β-bloqueur sur le myocarde est légèrement diminué.
Des effets protecteurs sur les taux de lipides dans le plasma sont aussi soupçonnés. On peut y compter l'alprénolol, l'oxprénolol, le pindolol, l'acébutolol, le cartéolol et le céliprolol.

β-bloquants avec activité stabilisante de membrane (ASM)
Cette classe de bêta-bloquants présente la particularité de diminuer l'excitabilité cardiaque en agissant sur la genèse du potentiel d'action myocardique. La plupart des molécules concernées ont des fonctions anti-arythmiques dites «quinidine-like» (classe II de Vaughan-Williams). Elles agissent en ralentissant la conduction au niveau du nœud atrioventriculaire, contrôlant l'arythmie ou prévenant le risque d'arythmie. Le sotalol fait exception à cette liste puisqu'il agit en allongeant la durée du potentiel d'action. Ce produit reste un bêta-bloquant, mais il constitue en fait un anti-arythmique «amiodarone-like» (classe III de Vaughan- Williams). Parmi ces derniers, il y'a l'acébutolol, le labétalol, le nadolol, l'oxprénolol, le pindolol, le propranolol ou encore le sotalol.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

 Dopage (sport)
 Alpha-bloquant
 Bêta-agoniste

Produit dopant


text:
Q: How to do version-control repository update in crontab? I'm trying to automate version-control repository update in crontab.  The following script /home/usr/mrbean/bin/update.sh works in interactive Bash command-line:
#!/bin/bash

ROOTPATH="/home/user/mrbean/temp/"
cd $ROOTPATH
SSHTMPFILE="${ROOTPATH}ssh-agent.cf"
ssh-agent -s | head -n 2 > "$SSHTMPFILE"

function killsshagent {
    /bin/kill $SSH_AGENT_PID
}
trap killsshagent EXIT

if [ -f "$SSHTMPFILE" ]; then
    source "$SSHTMPFILE"
    ssh-add
    rm "$SSHTMPFILE"
fi

killsshagent

if [ `hostname` == "mrbeancomp.local" ]; then
    REPODIR="/home/usr/mrbean/repo/"
    cd $REPODIR
    cvs update -dP  > "$HOME/log/log.txt"
fi

I then add
@hourly /home/usr/mrbean/bin/update.sh

The script works by itseful when invoked in interactive Bash shell but not via crontab.  It gives errors and sent to system mail /var/mail/mrbean:
Permission denied, please try again.
Permission denied, please try again.
Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password).
cvs [update aborted]: end of file from server (consult above messages if any)

[Update]
killsshagent added in program so ssh-agent is not dangling.
[Update]
Tried an adapted program on a Git repository and experienced same issue. Mr. Bean isn't allowed to immediately abandon this CVS repo and switch to a new Git one.
[Update]
I have multiple identity files in $HOME/.ssh/.  Is it possible that when running from crontab, I need to specify which identity file to use?  If so, how?

A: At a guess (I'm not a unix expert, but have had a similar issue with cron jobs not running), what user are you executing the task as? Does that user have all the permissions needed to access everything you need?
I suspect not (the error sort of says so! :-D ).
If you logout from the working user and log in as a different user, does the bash script work still? If not, then that does sort of help.
The solution we used was to run the task as a specific user.
There are several ways to do this it seems (aren't there always). I can't comment on the merits of one over the other - that will be for you to decide.
How to specify in crontab by what user to run script?


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text:
Reputation of the FDA in shambles after Vioxx scandal; calls for wholesale FDA reform gain momentum
Editor of NaturalNews.com (See all articles...)
Tags: the FDA, Vioxx, Merck
https://www.naturalnews.com/002157.html
"...the agency's senior management is more concerned with external appearance than rigorous science." -- Dr. Richard Horton, editor, The Lancet
The reputation of both the FDA and Merck lies in shambles today after evidence continues to surface that shows the FDA knowingly approved, promoted and refused to recall a dangerous drug that caused an untold number of fatalities among the American population: Vioxx. As readers of this website have long known, the FDA sees its job as promoting drugs and the financial interests of pharmaceutical companies, not in protecting the public health. We've known, all along, that it would take a scandal to reveal the true nature of the FDA and see serious calls for reform. Well, folks, the scandal is here, and the FDA is now under intense fire by the international medical community for its role in covering up the truth about Vioxx for four years.
Perhaps the most relevant criticism of the agency comes from Dr. Richard Horton, editor of The Lancet, a well respected medical journal. After reading the Merck insider emails published in the Wall Street Journal showing how Merck sought to distort drug trials to hide evidence of heart disease, and after reviewing the same clinical trials on the drug that the FDA reviewed before approving it, Dr. Horton was outraged and called for FDA reform:
"In the case of Vioxx, the FDA was urged to mandate further clinical safety testing after a 2001 analysis suggested a 'clear-cut excess number of myocardial infarctions'. It did not do so. This refusal to engage with an issue of grave clinical concern illustrates the agency's in-built paralysis, a predicament that has to be addressed through fundamental organizational reform."
But Dr. Horton didn't stop there. He also explained, "...with Vioxx, Merck and the FDA acted out of ruthless, short-sighted, and irresponsible self-interest." In other words, Merck and the FDA were playing the classic "cover your ass" game in trying to hide the destructive health consequences of Vioxx from the public for as long as possible. And they managed to pull it off for four years thanks to the gullibility of conventional doctors and the ignorance of the American public, who continue to believe in prescription drugs as "miracle cures" for just about every symptom or disease, even though the facts reveal that prescription drugs heal no one. More often than not, they actually kill people.
The FDA, godfather of the U.S. drug racket
For decades, the public has blindingly trusted the FDA, despite the growing evidence that the agency acts more like a 1920's Chicago mob than an organization dedicated to protecting the public health. The FDA is far more interested in protecting the profits of Big Pharma, it seems. In a very real sense, the FDA is the godfather of the U.S. drug racket, where dangerous chemicals are hyped, approved and sold to the American people, regardless of their true dangers. I've been shouting this message for years, and now, finally, people around the world are starting to listen.
One thing we've learned with the Vioxx scandal is that the FDA routinely suppresses any information from its own scientists that might have something negative to say about drugs the agency has already approved. One scientist the FDA suppressed was Dr. David Graham, associate director for science in the Office of Drug Safety at the FDA. He had directly warned the agency about the cardiovascular risk presented by Vioxx, and yet his supervisors essentially told him to sit down and shut up. Dr. Anne Trontell, one such supervisor, called the studies showing heart damage from Vioxx, "nothing more than a scientific rumor." That's how the FDA and people in the medical community shut down critics: they just declare anything they don't like to be "unscientific."
The FDA censors its own scientists
Another FDA researcher, Dr. Andrew Mosholder, was censored and not allowed to testify in February, 2004 about his study that found antidepressants increase the risk of suicides in children. There was a war within the FDA between the scientists who recognized the clear health risks of drugs like Prozac and Vioxx, vs. the top administrators who wanted to keep pushing drugs to the public regardless of their health risk. As Dr. David Graham explained, "the review and clearance process had been turned into a battleground, full of contention and intimidation because our managers, the people who fill out our performance evaluations, had created a system where it was taking a great risk to stand firm in our scientific beliefs."
That's how the FDA operates: censor any scientists who speak out against prescription drugs. Better yet, just fire them and blackball the whole lot. Only positive information about drugs is accepted by the FDA, and if you work for the agency, you're encouraged to understand that message as quickly as possible through a system of intimidation and censorship.
Today, the FDA's reputation is in shambles. Finally, the world is getting the picture: the agency cannot be trusted. It has now proven, yet again, that it will co-conspire with drug companies to distort the truth, lie to the American public, and blatantly promote dangerous drugs that it knows are killing people.
Blatant criminal behavior at the FDA
These actions are not mere "administrative oversight," folks. These actions represent a pattern of criminal behavior on the part of FDA employees and drug company executives. Promoting these toxic drugs, distorting the clinical trials, and burying the negative evidence are criminal actions and should be treated as such. In a sane world, the FBI would march into the FDA offices tomorrow and arrest these white-collar felons for the crimes they have committed. Executives at Merck should do prison time -- plus pay billions in fines -- for the pain, suffering and death they have unleashed upon the population.
Quite clearly, Big Pharma is a highly corrupt industry, and it is backed and promoted by a federal agency that needs to be wiped clean and rebuilt from scratch (along with a new office of Internal Affairs that would investigate FDA employees for precisely these sort of crimes).
Regardless of what happens next, it's evidence that the public trust in the FDA has been destroyed. "...the most important legacy of this episode," writes Dr. Horton, "is the continued erosion of trust that public-health institutions will suffer. Failure to act decisively on signals of risk might minimize short-term political criticism for regulators, or shareholder unrest for company chief executives. But the long-term consequence of prevarication is a tide of public skepticism about just whose interests drug makers and regulators truly represent."
That's a very polite way of saying the FDA is in bed with the drug companies -- a fact that's as obvious as the fingers on your hand to anyone who has actually been following the FDA's actions over the last few years. There's no question about it: the FDA knowingly and willingly places the financial interests of Big Pharma as its highest priority. And in doing so, it is causing the needless death and suffering of American citizens.
By any definition, that is criminal.
Action Items:
1) Support the movement to charge FDA officials and drug company executives with the crimes they have committed against humanity. If they are not held responsible for their actions, there's no reason why they won't keep repeating them.
2) Write your political representatives in Washington and demand real reform at the FDA.
3) Steal this article and post it on your website or send it to your friends via email. Spread the word about NewsTarget.com so that more people can get involved in our leading effort to call for FDA reform and the prosecution of drug company executives for their crimes against the people.
The FDA at FETCH.news
About the author:Mike Adams (aka the "Health Ranger") is a best selling author (#1 best selling science book on Amazon.com) and a globally recognized scientific researcher in clean foods. He serves as the founding editor of NaturalNews.com and the lab science director of an internationally accredited (ISO 17025) analytical laboratory known as CWC Labs. There, he was awarded a Certificate of Excellence for achieving extremely high accuracy in the analysis of toxic elements in unknown water samples using ICP-MS instrumentation. Adams is also highly proficient in running liquid chromatography, ion chromatography and mass spectrometry time-of-flight analytical instrumentation.
Adams is a person of color whose ancestors include Africans and Native American Indians. He's also of Native American heritage, which he credits as inspiring his "Health Ranger" passion for protecting life and nature against the destruction caused by chemicals, heavy metals and other forms of pollution.
Adams is the founder and publisher of the open source science journal Natural Science Journal, the author of numerous peer-reviewed science papers published by the journal, and the author of the world's first book that published ICP-MS heavy metals analysis results for foods, dietary supplements, pet food, spices and fast food. The book is entitled Food Forensics and is published by BenBella Books.
In his laboratory research, Adams has made numerous food safety breakthroughs such as revealing rice protein products imported from Asia to be contaminated with toxic heavy metals like lead, cadmium and tungsten. Adams was the first food science researcher to document high levels of tungsten in superfoods. He also discovered over 11 ppm lead in imported mangosteen powder, and led an industry-wide voluntary agreement to limit heavy metals in rice protein products.
In addition to his lab work, Adams is also the (non-paid) executive director of the non-profit Consumer Wellness Center (CWC), an organization that redirects 100% of its donations receipts to grant programs that teach children and women how to grow their own food or vastly improve their nutrition. Through the non-profit CWC, Adams also launched Nutrition Rescue, a program that donates essential vitamins to people in need. Click here to see some of the CWC success stories.
With a background in science and software technology, Adams is the original founder of the email newsletter technology company known as Arial Software. Using his technical experience combined with his love for natural health, Adams developed and deployed the content management system currently driving NaturalNews.com. He also engineered the high-level statistical algorithms that power SCIENCE.naturalnews.com, a massive research resource featuring over 10 million scientific studies.
Adams is well known for his incredibly popular consumer activism video blowing the lid on fake blueberries used throughout the food supply. He has also exposed "strange fibers" found in Chicken McNuggets, fake academic credentials of so-called health "gurus," dangerous "detox" products imported as battery acid and sold for oral consumption, fake acai berry scams, the California raw milk raids, the vaccine research fraud revealed by industry whistleblowers and many other topics.
Adams has also helped defend the rights of home gardeners and protect the medical freedom rights of parents. Adams is widely recognized to have made a remarkable global impact on issues like GMOs, vaccines, nutrition therapies, human consciousness.
In addition to his activism, Adams is an accomplished musician who has released over a dozen popular songs covering a variety of activism topics.
Click here to read a more detailed bio on Mike Adams, the Health Ranger, at HealthRanger.com.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Several years ago I made a post regarding the annual "Chicago All-Star Game"--an NFL preseason contest that pitted the reigning champions versus a team of top collegiate all-stars. Played from 1934 to 1976, it was held annually at Chicago's Soldier Field. The gate receipts benefited various charities. Here's a 10-minute clip from the clash between the Pittsburgh Steelers and the College All-Stars in July 1976. Frank Gifford and Bud Wilkinson are calling the game for ABC. One of the most severe rainstorms you'll ever see at a sports event--combined with out-of-control fans invading the field--caused the game to be terminated late in the third quarter with Pittsburgh comfortably ahead 24-0. With NFL teams becoming less and less willing to risk their promising rookies for the sake of an exhibition game, the 1976 game was the last of the series. It was also the last game that Ara Parseghian ever coached. The former Notre Dame coach had retired after the 1974 season, but he was coaxed out of retirement to coach the College All-Stars in this game.
Here's a very good tribute to one of college football's great coaches, Ara Parseghian, who died on August 2, 2017 at the age of 94. Parseghian was the head coach of the football programs at Miami of Ohio, Northwestern, and most famously, the Fighting Irish of Notre Dame. In fact, Notre Dame, whose team was in the doldrums from 1956 to 1963, hired Parseghian, a non-Catholic of Armenian descent, in 1964 largely because his Northwestern team had beaten Notre Dame four times in a row. Parseghian coached Notre Dame from 1964 to 1974 and compiled a terrific record of 95-17-4. During Parseghian's tenure, Notre Dame was twice voted national champions in the post-season polls.


Festivals in Edgewater, NJ. Food Festivals, Festivals, Family & Kids Festivals.
A Music Festival organized by Edgewater Arts Council.
This New Jersey Music Festival will have fine art, fine craft and crafts exhibitors, and 10 food booths. There will be 1 stage with International, National, Regional and Local talent and the hours will be Sun 11am-6pm. This event will also include: 14th anual vintage ford assembly plant auto show, 1st international festival.
This New Jersey Festival will have fine art, fine craft, crafts, film, commercial/retail, homegrown products, corp./information and antique/collectibles exhibitors, and 30 food booths. There will be 1 stage with International talent and the hours will be Sun 11am-6pm. This event will also include kids area.


The Noblesville Millers defeated the Snider Panthers 67-35 on Saturday at Snider High School in Fort Wayne.
Maddie Knight led the Millers with 26 points with 13 rebounds and 5 assists, Mallory Miller added 16 points.
The Millers travel to Arsenal Technical High School in Indianapolis on Tuesday night to play the Tech Titans in a Varsity only game night at 6:00 p.m.


Bookly can send automated emails and text messages to your clients and staff for you. No mailing system integration needed from your side. Both emails and text messages (SMS) can be triggered by a new appointment the client has made. They can also be scheduled as a reminder about an upcoming appointment or a thank you message after the appointment. All of the texts are customizable, and can include the client's personal or appointment info.


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EEOC Sues The Harlan Company for Refusing to Hire Pregnant Receptionist
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
Company Revoked Job Offer When It Learned Applicant Was Expecting, Federal Agency Charges
ST. LOUIS – The Harlan Company, a St. Louis-based construction company, violated federal law when it refused to hire an applicant for a receptionist job because she was pregnant, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), charged in a lawsuit filed yesterday.
According to the EEOC's lawsuit, The Harlan Company interviewed the applicant and decided she was the best qualified person for an open receptionist position. The company offered her the job and confirmed her start date. The following day, the company learned she was pregnant. One day later, it revoked the job offer and hired another individual who was not pregnant.
Such alleged conduct violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended by the Pregnancy Discrimination Act, which prohibits discrimination due to pregnancy. The EEOC's suit filed in U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. The Harlan Company, Civil Action No. 4-20-cv-1395-AGF) seeks monetary relief for the applicant, an order prohibiting future discriminatory conduct against pregnant individuals, and other relief.
"Hiring discrimination is one of the most difficult types of employment discrimination to eliminate because applicants usually do not know the reason they were not selected for hire," said Andrea G. Baran, the EEOC's regional attorney in St. Louis. "But here a person involved in the hiring process had the courage to step forward and tell the truth about why the worker's job offer was revoked. Justice depends on the voices of good people who are willing to stand up for what is right."
L. Jack Vasquez, director of the EEOC's St. Louis District office, added, "Pregnancy discrimination in the workplace harms women and their entire families. People seek good jobs to build a better life for themselves and their families. Denying employment opportunities to pregnant women makes it that much more difficult for families to succeed."
The EEOC is responsible for enforcing federal laws prohibiting employment discrimination, including sex and pregnancy discrimination. The St. Louis District office oversees Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma and a portion of southern Illinois.
The EEOC advances opportunity in the workplace by enforcing federal laws prohibiting employment discrimination. More information is available at www.eeoc.gov.
Ralphs Settles EEOC Pregnancy Discrimination Lawsuit for $30,000
Rural/Metro Corp / American Medical Response Sued by EEOC for Pregnancy and Disability Bias
Multi-South Management Services to Pay $42,500 to Settle EEOC Pregnancy Discrimination and Disability Lawsuit
Treehouse Foods Sued by EEOC for Disability Discrimination
EEOC General Counsel Issues Report on Dialogue Sessions on Religious Discrimination With Agency Stakeholders
© U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) | Attorney Advertising
Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA)
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) on:


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Клаудио Мигел Пизаро Босио (; 3. октобар 1978) је бивши перуански фудбалер. Нашироко је познат по способности постизања голова, поготово главом.

Највећи део каријере провео је играјући у Бундеслиги, играо је у два мандата у Бајерну из Минхена и три у Вердеру из Бремена, током којих је освојио чак 19 трофеја, од којих 17 са Бајерном. 23. октобра 2010. постао је рекордер као страни играч са највише голова у Бундеслиги. Од 3. марта 2016. Пизаро је пети најбољи стрелац Бундеслиге свих времена, са постигнутим 191 голом.

Репрезентативац је Перуа од 1999. и представљао је репрезентацију на четири турнира Копа Америке.

Трофеји

Клупски
Бајерн Минхен
 Првенство Немачке (6) : 2002/03, 2004/05, 2005/06, 2012/13, 2013/14, 2014/15.
 Куп Немачке (5) : 2002/03, 2004/05, 2005/06, 2012/13, 2013/14.
 Лига куп Немачке (1) : 2004.
 Суперкуп Немачке (1) : 2012.
 Лига шампиона (1) : 2012/13.
 УЕФА суперкуп (1) : 2013.
 Интерконтинентални куп (1) : 2001.
 Светско клупско првенство (1) : 2013.

Вердер Бремен
 Куп Немачке (1) : 2008/09.
 Суперкуп Немачке (1) : 2009.

Индивидуални
 Најбољи стрелац Купа Немачке : 2004/05.
 Најбољи Ибероамерички фудбалер у Европи : 2005.
 Најбољи стрелац УЕФА Лиге Европе : 2009/10.

Рекорди
 Најбољи страни стрелац у историји Немачког фудбала
 Пети најбољи стрелац у историји Бундеслиге
 Најстарији фудбалер који је остварио хет-трик у Бундеслиги
 Најбољи стрелац Вердера из Бремена свих времена

Спољашње везе

Рођени 1978.
Перуански фудбалери
Перуански фудбалски репрезентативци
Фудбалери Вердер Бремена
Фудбалери Бајерн Минхена
Фудбалери Челсија
Фудбалери Келна
Фудбалери на Копа Америци 2004.
Фудбалери на Копа Америци 2007.
Фудбалери на Копа Америци 2015.
Фудбалери освајачи УЕФА Лиге шампиона


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text:
Jason Momoa shaves signature beard to promote recycling
Entertainment 04/18/19, 09:56
Aquaman" is clean-shaven.Actor Jason Momoa on Wednesday released a video in which he shaved off his signature beard and mustache in order to promote recycling. He started by saying farewell to his "Game of Thrones" and DC characters Drogo and Arthur Curry.Momoa said he thought he last shaved in 2012.The ...
Californians lose millions of dollars in recycling deposits
California consumers are losing out on at least $308 million in nickel deposits on cans and bottles, largely because it's increasingly difficult to find a recycling center.That's according to a report set for release Thursday by advocacy group Consumer Watchdog.The report says more than 40 percent of the state's recycling ...
'The Milkman Model': Big brand names try reusable containers
A new shopping platform announced Thursday at the World Economic Forum aims to change the way we buy many brand-name products. Loop, as the platform is called, would do away with disposable containers for things like shampoo and laundry detergent from some of the world's biggest manufacturers. Instead, those goods ...
Recycling urine as fertilizer cuts waste, cleans water
Science 12/16/18, 03:30
Fertilizer is made of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. Chemical fertilizers require huge amounts of energy to produce. But there are other, natural and more readily available sources. The Un
Africa's solid waste is growing, posing a climate threat
World 12/08/18, 04:14
No one would envy a life of scavenging in Kenya's biggest landfill, but Daniel Kiarie says he would never leave it.Birds circle overhead and dogs scuffle as the 35-year-old and around 600 people who work here move through the filth of Nairobi, all of them intent on useful finds. Ground-up ...
To cut back on single-use plastics, 'refuse, rethink, reuse'
Enviroment 11/14/18, 09:06
Plastic is versatile, lightweight, cheap — and seemingly everywhere. It's also a scourge on the environment.While plastics have important uses, the bulk of plastic waste — much of which ends up clogging landfills and polluting oceans — comes as things designed to be used exactly once, and often for only ...
Ick factor: NYC so far turns up nose at food-scrap recycling
New York 10/07/18, 10:45
New Yorkers are so far turning up their noses at the city's ambitious organics collection program, which has stalled because not enough people are participating in the often-smelly chore of separating out all those table scraps, spoiled meat, rotted vegetables and cut grass.Mayor Bill de Blasio introduced his pilot program ...


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I just returned from another 6 weeks with RAWA, five weeks in Pakistan and one amazing week in Afghanistan. RAWA's work is very busy and the need is still enormous--this includes some cities in Pakistan where refugees are actually flowing in not out. They are doing creative things such as working to help other established schools rather than taking the time to start their own. In one example an 8 year old Afghan high school in Peshawar thought it would have to close for lack of funds and losing students. RAWA started funding them and even made tuition free for the first time in the history of this school, and now not only can they pay their teachers, but they have more students than they did before and the demand is growing because students who could never afford to attend now can.
Their work in Afghanistan is keeping everyone quite busy as the need and possibility to help is actually expanding. Many, many women and girls are in their literacy and sewing classes, many who are either too old to attend the newly reopened schools for girls (there is an age limit for entering the lower grades, which many need to attend after 5 years without any education.) or whose families still will not let them attend schools for safety fears. The women and girls say that 5 years of Taliban rule only strengthened their resolve and commitment to education and also made their families realize the importance. Most of these women have never been in school before, but still are interested in joining and learning. Most classes have more demand that RAWA has teachers and funds.
About 80-90% of the women we saw in Kabul were in burqa still. In Jalalabad we saw no women without burqa. The interim government is starting to require "permission" for everything, as a veiled attempt to keep many things under control. Even visiting a public high school required special permission. As this trend increases it will make things very dangerous for RAWA. They have many enemies in the government with so many Northern Alliance and warlords in positions of control so continue to operate quite underground. There is no doubt that the need is great and their particular message of humanitarian as well as political change is a necessity, especially for the women.
Because we drove to Kabul from Pakistan, I was able to see a remarkable slice of the landscape and life. It is true that Afghanistan is an amazingly beautiful country. Even that small stretch, which took 10 hours across destroyed roads was incredibly diverse with blue green rivers, undulating valleys with fields of rounded stones, flat mesa plateaus, sandstone hills with natural caves, steep shale peaks turned sideways, jagged mountains and roads that zigzag through mountain switch backs. We drove through small villages where the influence of the Taliban was still very evident, and the men treated me and the RAWA member who accompanied me as if we had no right to be in public except for their curiosity. In the US the response to them would be a sarcastic "haven't you ever seen a woman before" or "you really should get out more". Here both of the statements, which played in my head, were fact, not sarcasm. To change the men in this town would be a revolution. In many other places Abdul Haq, Massood and Rabbani's pictures were everywhere but Karzai's was not.
Just for some perspective on life, our taxi drivers from Pakistan to Afghanistan were both former Taliban and former mujihadeen. They talked quite openly to the male supporter who was with us about their time with both groups and were probably Taliban for money and to further their private gains, but none the less it points out that former Taliban, both foot soldiers, middle managers, like these drivers, and the leadership, are still everywhere. Many people said that the only ones who couldn't identify the former Taliban in their midst were the foreigners who were employing them and giving them government positions. Everyone else knows but is too scared to say.
The reconstruction in Kabul is evident in some places, but it is like time stood still in others, where the 10 year old destruction is evident as if it happened yesterday. People live and run shops side by side with buildings riddled with bullet holes and shells of building destroyed by rocket attacks. Also saw the result of US bombings. The refugees are returning to difficult lives and many cannot find jobs and are living in tents and unprotected commercial buildings without windows or doors. They say that jobs are hard to come by, even for those willing to do hard manual labor as well as for those with higher education. Many jobs are reportedly going to Panshiris only and others are available only with bribes. Some from refugee camps in Pakistan say they had more help there and are starving here without any assistance. I talked to a number of refugees who had only returned because harassment from the Pakistani police in Islamabad in particular made them feel too unsafe in Pakistan. They are actually doing worse now in Kabul. Many think that there will be a wave of refugees back to Pakistan come winter when it is too cold to live in Kabul without shelter and jobs.
I was afforded a really unique view of life in Kabul because all of my meetings and interviews and the humanitarian projects I saw were in private homes in Kabul and surrounding villages/suburbs. Many of these were the equivalent of middle class homes, but in none did I see running water or indoor toilets. Even in the capital city people rely on wells and public pumps. Electricity in most parts of the city is available only every other night. In the outer villages, the electric lines were stolen 10 years ago and still these homes have no electricity, even as wall lamps and chandeliers remain in their homes. The library at the University of Kabul has virtually no electricity because all of the wiring was stolen by the various factions and Taliban. As in the older refugee camps, most people live in high walled enclosures with gardens and small farm yard animals, even in the city. Construction however is sturdier than in the older camps and here glass windows and screens gave a more permanent and comfortable environment. The one TV news broadcast I saw did have a woman broadcaster, but she never looked up from the page she was reading and the whole broadcast had a very amateur feel to it. There is so much to be reconstructed here.
The people are cautiously optimistic, but this seems only because of the presence of the peace keepers and the continued hope that the international community will follow through on it promises of aid and that someone will actually stop the warlords. The presence of NA soldiers in dark unmarked cars is ominous. There are other types of soldiers and police in various uniforms, many ill fitting. It is hard to judge who will have a weapon and who not. Often young boys with the NA had weapons and older more mature and responsible looking men in Afghan army uniforms were unarmed. I saw taped interviews of Loya Jirga attendees in which they too were expressing their concern about the needs for peace and security and controls on the warlords, who were too evident in the Loya Jirga process.
Anne Brodsky is an Assistant Professor of Psychology at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County.


This past weekend I played in the seventh Tierra de Pinares ultimate hat tournament. Today my body is sore all over, but it was a fun weekend.
I was only able to obtain a sleeping bag for this weekend (that I borrowed from Gregorio), so I was going to sleep in the gym of the polideportivo, right next to the camping area.
We threw around and got cañas at the camp-side bar during the next few hours as more and more players arrived and set up their tents.
At around 11 that night, baguettes and meats were brought out for everyone to make sandwiches for dinner. At midnight they announced the teams for this tournament and passed out team jerseys. The team names this year were all old measurement terms that are no longer in use. I was on the light-blue team: quintal. A quintal is the weight of 100 pounds, about 46 kg.
There was then a sack wine race between all of the teams, followed by tug-of-war.
When tug-of-war was finished, the rope became used for jump rope --which I hadn't seen or done since elementary school I think.
I headed to the polideportivo somewhere around 2.30 to get ready for bed. Many others stayed out much later, heading to a bar in the town's center at that same hour.
My team was one of four with the first game on Saturday (10am), so I was quite tired all day. We played another game at noon and our third game at two o'clock. Quintal lost all three games on Saturday.
After our last game we had lunch on the fields. That afternoon we could do as we pleased, with free access to the polideportivo's swimming pool, in which you had to wear a swimming cap if you went. I tried to nap there at the poolside under the sun. At around 7pm I left the pool, showered in the polideportivo, then tried to nap again in my sleeping bag on the gym's floor. At 10.30 we met in the center of the town, and around 11pm dinner was served.
After dinner we sat outside for a while, and ended up playing Dare or Dare with some Quijotes friends while they were waiting for the discoteca to open at 1.30. A little before 2am when we had each done at least one dare, they headed into the discoteca. I was super tired and had the first game again on Sunday, so I walked back to the polideportivo at 2.
We lost both of our games on Sunday as well, giving us a 0-5 streak during the tournament.
While the two teams competing in the finals were warming up on Sunday, the other teams beat the heat by dancing to the music while getting sprayed by a hose.
Then we all headed back to the campsite/polideportivo for lunch. We didn't get bored waiting for lunch to be ready, as they had set up a really long slip-and-slide in the grass!
We took our time after lunch, packing up and napping under the sun until we drove back to Madrid that evening.


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The Horror, The Horror
The Reason Behind American Horror Story's Most Terrifying Image Yet
In many ways, last night's American Horror Story: Freak Show was a fairly typical episode. Typical for the series and typical for the mission statement of its creator, Ryan Murphy. The pervasive theme of the Halloween two-parter was all about stripping off masks to reveal the misery and humanity behind our monsters. Through the device of Edward Mordrake and his ghostly reaping, we learned the backstory of several characters starting with the not very monstrous (we already liked Mat Fraser's Paul the Illustrated Seal and Rose Siggins's Legless Suzi), before moving on to the big threats: Jessica Lange's Elsa Mars and John Carroll Lynch's Twisty the Clown.
While there was certainly plenty to pity in Elsa's twisted, Weimar origins, it was the clown who was the true star of the episode. And, as it turned out, this would be a farewell performance. Last night American Horror Story asked viewers to walk a narrow line between sympathy and revulsion. Twisty's backstory was tragic, but it didn't erase his crimes or even cast them in a new light. No matter who drove his clown car to crazy town, Twisty's acts of violence were deranged and impossible to understand. So once again it's pity, rather than empathy, that we feel for this character. Thanks, in large part, to the brilliant casting of an everyman character actor like Lynch.
But of all the spooks and terrors American Horror Story has presented over the years, none have been quite as gruesome as watching Twisty tell his sad tale through his mangled, rotting face. It was chilling enough to see a brief glimpse of Twisty unmasked two episodes ago, but the prolonged, unflinching shots of his face were both a stunning use of special effects and an almost intolerable TV-viewing experience. The sight of it was so egregious that American Horror Story better have had a damn good reason for exposing us to it. And, no, shock value alone won't do.
But I suspect Twisty's closeup plays right back into the show's basic themes about beauty of the superficial and skin-deep variety. It's not the physical imperfections that truly reflect inner horror. Yes, Twisty was deranged. Yes, his mutilated face is an outward representation of his inner demons. But don't we all suspect that when it comes to terror, beautiful, perfectly formed Dandy is the real threat here?
When viewed in that light, the horrors of last night become almost tolerable.
Set Secrets
American Horror Story Costume Designer Lou Eyrich on the Creepy Backstory We've All Been Waiting For


A Year and a Half in the Life of Metallica is a two-part documentary about the process of making the Metallica album (or "The Black Album"), and the following tour.
Documents Metallica and Bob Rock recording the1991 smash hit, Metallica, the entire 9 month process from beginning to end. Also included are the videos for Enter Sandman, The Unforgiven, and Nothing Else Matters.
The second part of the documentary follows Metallica on a 14-month stretch of the Wherever We May Roam Tour. Included on the video is live footage from Castle Donington, Moscow, San Francisco's Day on the Green, the Freddie Mercury Tribute, the Metallica/Guns tour, and various awards shows. Also included are the videos for Wherever I May Roam and Sad But True.