Documentation for the CTD data collected on RRS Challenger Cruise 16/79 (October - November 1979) by the Scottish Marine Biological Association, Oban, Argyll, Scotland, UK, under the direction of D. J. Ellett.
Note that the sea floor depth for C1679/005 (BODC Series Reference 96018) is given as 50m which is less than the maximum depth attained by the CTD by more than 10 per cent.
Line N is a survey section in The Little Minch (Scotland) crossing between Loch Dunvegan (Isle of Skye, Scotland) and Lochmaddy (North Uist, Scotland). The line comprises six fixed CTD stations, which were established as part of routine monitoring work on the Scottish continental shelf by Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory (DML). Line N was occupied between the late 1970s and the early 1990s.
Station 3N is one of six fixed CTD stations crossing The Little Minch between the Isle of Skye and North Uist. The station was established by scientists at Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory (DML).
The Minch and Little Minch (collectively, The Minches), between the Outer Hebrides and the Scottish mainland, have been extensively surveyed since the late 1970s by numerous research and government institutes. The region contains several repeated hydrographic stations, which collectively form transects. These repeated survey transects represent the northern part of a greater network of similar sections on the western Scottish continental shelf, which were established by Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory (DML).
The triangles indicate the nominal positions of individual Line L stations; nominal positions of Line K and N stations are shown by the circles and squares respectively. Measurements made at repeated 'The Minches' CTD stations lie within a box bounded by co-ordinates 57.517° N, 7.075° W at the south west corner and 58.283° N, 5.3° W at the north east corner.


text:
First Team & Staff
SSFC YouTube
SSFC Ladies
Futures Academy (11-16)
SSFC Academy (16-19)
The Class of '23 – Matchday Experience
Foundation Newsletter
COVID-19 Risk Assessment and Spectators' Code of Conduct
Legal & Policy statements
Bingo Lottery
2020-21 replica kit
1st Cloud Arena
Please get involved in fundraising sleep-out – and donate if you can!
Daniel Prince News
The club's overnight sleep-out event for two worthwhile causes is drawing ever nearer.
The fundraiser will be held at Mariners Park on Saturday, February 11, with those taking part to sleep out on the pitch at the ground in the all-night event.
Funds will be raised at the event for two charities – Hospitality and Hope, and North East Athletic.
Sponsorship forms can be downloaded by clicking here: Sponsorship form – SSFC overnight sleep-out event.
Some of the Mariners' first-team players have already agreed to take part, as have club staff.
The club is now asking supporters and members of the community to come forward to participate, too, with the hope being that they will secure sponsorships from family and friends.
An online fundraising page, from which the proceeds will go to Hospitality and Hope, has been set up. Donations can be made by clicking here.
The funds raised will be split between the two organisations.
There will also be an equal split for funds raised at the game against Chester-le-Street Town on February 11, with a bucket collection to be held.
Hospitality and Hope is a South Shields-based organisation, which helps those in need, including the homeless.
It operates a soup kitchen and food bank in the borough.
North East Athletic is a sports club for people in recovery from drug and alcohol addiction in the region, some of whom are homeless.
Among the South Shields players who have already agreed to take part in the event are Jon Shaw, Carl Finnigan and Barrie Smith.
Barrie said: "When I heard that the club was putting on this event, I immediately wanted to get involved.
"Hopefully, we will be able to raise plenty of funds for two really good causes.
"We also want to raise awareness of the two charities, and the difficulties lots of people go through on a daily basis.
"This must be such a difficult time of year for those people, particularly those without a home.
"This event will just give us a very small taste of what it must be like.
"Hopefully, plenty of people will get involved and join us on the pitch.
"I'm sure it will be good fun and I'm looking forward to it."
The sleep-out will come just hours after Shields have taken on Chester-le-Street Town in a Northern League Division One match at Mariners Park.
There will also be a bucket collection for the two charities at that game.
The event will start at about 8pm that night, and continue through until about 7am on the Sunday at Mariners Park.
All are welcome to attend on the night.
We really hope you can join us at Mariners Park to support what should be a fun – and very worthwhile – event.
Bring sleeping bags, boxes, whatever you like!
To find out more about Hospitality and Hope, click here.
To find out more about North East Athletic, click here.
Images courtesy of Stu Norton/Shields Gazette.
Boney and Lowe complete loan moves
20/01/2021 Read More
Jason Gilchrist joins York City on loan
Loan Watch: Dillon and Blair enjoy clean debuts
Players shine as first SSFC Zoom quiz takes place
Ladies team on lookout for volunteers
© Copyright 2015-2021, South Shields FC

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


50 Cheap Vintage Inspired Wedding Dresses 2018 Inspirational The 1623 Best Vintage Wedding Dresses Images On Pinterest In 2018 Uploaded by siska on Sunday, February 10th, 2019 in category formal dresses for weddings 2018.
See also 77 Cheap Vintage Inspired Wedding Dresses 2018 Fresh 93 Best Fifties Style Wedding Dresses Images On Pinterest In 2018 from formal dresses for weddings 2018 Topic.
Here we have another image 18 Cheap Vintage Inspired Wedding Dresses 2018 Fresh Ball Gown Strapless Cathedral Train Organza Wedding Dress With featured under 50 Cheap Vintage Inspired Wedding Dresses 2018 Inspirational The 1623 Best Vintage Wedding Dresses Images On Pinterest In 2018. We hope you enjoyed it and if you want to download the pictures in high quality, simply right click the image and choose "Save As". Thanks for reading 50 Cheap Vintage Inspired Wedding Dresses 2018 Inspirational The 1623 Best Vintage Wedding Dresses Images On Pinterest In 2018.


text:
State Assembly pays $205k for sex-harassment investigator
The state Assembly has entered into two contracts worth $205,000 in taxpayer money to hire an outside firm to handle sexual-harassment cases in the chamber.
State Assembly pays $205k for sex-harassment investigator The state Assembly has entered into two contracts worth $205,000 in taxpayer money to hire an outside firm to handle sexual-harassment cases in the chamber. Check out this story on lohud.com: http://lohud.us/1bJHpkA
By Joseph Spector; Published 3:11 p.m. ET Feb. 25, 2014 | Updated 3:33 p.m. ET Feb. 25, 2014
Comptroller Thomas DiNapoli said Tuesday that his office has approved contracts "related to sexual harassment policy development and investigations" with Rossein Associates.
New York State Assembly speaker Sheldon Silver(Photo: File photo/Seth Harrison/The Journal News)Buy Photo
ALBANY – The state Assembly has entered into two contracts worth $205,000 in taxpayer money to hire an outside firm to handle sexual-harassment cases in the chamber.
Comptroller Thomas DiNapoli said Tuesday that his office has approved the contracts "related to sexual harassment policy development and investigations" with Rossein Associates.
The contracts are part of reforms Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver, D-Manhattan, announced last May amid a series of high-profile, sexual-harassment cases in the Democratic-led Assembly, in particular the troubled handling of cases involving former Assemblyman Vito Lopez, D-Brooklyn.
"The ethics committee has retained a firm in order to have independent investigations, number one, of any complaints." Silver told reporters Tuesday, "number two, to have independent reporting to non-Assembly employees for anybody who feels that they have been the victim of harassment."
According to state records, $140,017 has already been spent since the firm started its work last fall.
The firm is also developing a new sexual-harassment policy for the Assembly, which has had three Democratic lawmakers accused of harassment over the past year and a half.
Silver wouldn't put a timeframe on when the regulations would be completed.
"It's a complex issue, and I think they want to do it right," he said.
The firm is run by Merrick Rossein, a law professor at the City University of New York who specializes in sexual-harassment cases. The Times Union reported in December that he had been brought on to investigate complaints against Assemblyman Dennis Gabryszak, D-Cheektowaga, Erie County. Gabryszak resigned last month.
Silver said Rossein was hired by the Assembly Ethics Committee. Rossein could not be immediately reached for comment.
The contract is the latest in public money used to deal with sexual-harassment complaints in the Assembly. Two of Lopez's accusers reached a settlement with the state in 2012 for $103,000.
Twitter: @gannettalbany
Read or Share this story: http://lohud.us/1bJHpkA
Shawn Harris re-appointed Mount Vernon police commissioner
Piermont man, 32, charged with rape of minor
Westchester health officials warn of rabid cat
Proposal for 150 townhouses draws debate over new trend


text:
Robert M. Sapolsky explains why stress can become a chronic problem—and how we can reduce the toll it takes on our lives.
By Robert M. Sapolsky | March 22, 2012
This month, we feature videos of a Greater Good presentation by Robert M. Sapolsky, one the country's foremost experts on stress. In this excerpt from his talk, the best-selling author and Stanford University professor explains the difference between bad stress and good stress, and how we can manage the effects of chronic stress on our lives.
In 1900, what do you think were the leading causes of death in this country?
If you were 20 to 40 years old and a woman, the single riskiest thing you could do was try to give birth. TB, Pneumonia, influenza killed a lot of other people. But few people under the age of 100 die of the flu anymore. Relatively few women die in childbirth. Instead, we die of these utterly bizarre diseases that have never existed before on the planet in any sort of numbers—diseases like heart disease, cancer, adult-onset diabetes, and Alzheimer's.
Now, some of this has to do with nuts and bolts biology. But some of it has to do with issues that nobody ever had to think about before in medicine—totally bizarre questions like, "What's your psychological makeup?" or "What's your social status?" or "How do people with your social status get treated in your society?"
And this one: "Why is it that when we're feeling unloved, we eat more starch?" Figure that out, and you've cured half the cases of diabetes in this country
Indeed, when you look at the diseases that do us in, they are predominantly diseases that can be caused, or made worse, by stress. As a result, most of us in this room will have the profound Westernized luxury of dropping dead someday of a stress-related disease. That's why it's so urgent that we understand stress—and how to better manage it.
How stress kills
Do you remember "homeostasis," a term I guarantee you heard in ninth grade biology? Homeostasis is having an ideal body temperature, an ideal level of glucose in the bloodstream, an ideal everything. That's being in homeostatic balance.
A stressor is anything in the outside world that knocks you out of homeostatic balance. If you're some zebra and a lion has ripped your stomach open and your innards are dragging in the dust and you still need to get out of there—well, that counts as being out of homeostatic balance.
So to reestablish that balance, you secrete adrenaline and other hormones. You mobilize energy and you deliver it where it's needed, you shut off the inessentials like the sex drive and digestion, you enhance immune defenses, and you think more clearly. You're facing a short-term physical crisis, and the stress response is what you do with your body. For 99 percent of the species on this planet, stress is three minutes of screaming terror in the savannah, after which either it's over with or you're over with. That's all you need to know about the subject if you're a zebra or a lion.
If you're a human, though, you've got to expand the definition of a stressor in a very critical way. If you're running from a lion, your blood pressure is 180 over 120. But you're not suffering from high blood pressure—you're saving your life. Have this same thing happen when you're stuck in traffic, and you're not saving your life. Instead you are suffering from stress-induced hypertension.
We humans turn on the stress response with memories, with emotions, with thoughts, and the whole punch line is: That's not what it evolved for. Do it regularly enough, and you're going to damage your cardiovascular system. Increased blood flow hammers on the walls of your blood vessels, causing inflammation. Fat and glucose and cholesterol glom on and begin to clog your arteries. That's bad news. You are more at risk for chronic fatigue, sleep disruption, muscle atrophy, and probably most importantly, adult-onset diabetes, this once obscure disease that's just on the edge of being the number one killer in this country.
Chronic stress also does bad things to the nervous system. Stress kills neurons in the part of the brain called the hippocampus and weakens the cables between neurons, so they can't talk to each other. This impairs the formation and retrieval of long-term memory. The opposite thing happens in the amygdala, which is where we see fear in a brain scanner. In the hippocampus, stress causes stuff to shrivel up. But stress feeds the amygdala. It actually gets bigger. Chronic stress creates a hyper-reactive, hysterical amygdala, and this tells us tons about what stress has to do with anxiety disorders.
Another domain: the mesolimbic dopamine system. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is about reward and pleasure. Cocaine works on the dopamine system. All the euphorians do. What are the effects of chronic stress on this part of the brain? Those pathways get depleted of dopamine, and this takes away your ability to feel pleasure. So if stress depletes your dopamine, what have you just set yourself up for? Major depression.
What about the frontal cortex? It's the most human part of the brain; we've proportionally got more of it than any other species does. And what does the frontal cortex do? It does gratification postponement, self-discipline, long-term planning, emotional regulation. It's the last part of the brain to fully mature—that doesn't happen until you're 25 years old, which explains a lot about the freshmen year of college.
This has a very interesting implication. If this is the last part of the brain to fully develop, by definition, then, it is the part of the brain least constrained by genes and most sculpted by experience. What does chronic stress do to the frontal cortex? Atrophy of neurons, disconnecting circuits. As a result, you make the most idiotic decisions, which are going to haunt you for the rest of your life, and yet you think they're brilliant at the time. That's another effect of chronic stress: Your judgment goes down the tubes.
We've just gone on a quick tour of all the things that can go wrong from chronic stress. If you study the subject for a living, it's amazing to you that anybody is still alive, that we haven't just collapsed into puddles of stress-related disease.
Despite that, most of us do decent jobs at coping, and a subset of us is spectacular at coping. And thus from day one, stress researchers have wondered why some bodies and some psyches deal better with stress than others. In making sense of individual differences, what we're essentially asking is, "What is it that makes psychological stress stressful"? And a huge elegant literature by now has shown precisely what the building blocks are.
The literature is built on experiments like this one: You have a lab rat in a cage, and every now and then, you give it a shock. Nothing major, but nonetheless, the rat's blood pressure goes up and so do stress hormone levels. Up goes the risk of an ulcer. You are giving this rat a stress-related disease.
Now, in the second cage, there's another rat. Every time the first rat gets a shock, so does the second. Same intensity, same duration, both of their bodies are being thrown out of homeostatic balance to exactly the same extent.
But there's a critical difference: Every time the second rat gets a shock, it can go over to the other side of its cage, where there's another rat that it can bite the crap out of. And you know what? This guy's not going to get an ulcer, because he has an outlet for his frustrations. He has a hobby.
There are other stress experiments that involve torturing rats, which suggest ways for humans to manage stress. We can give the rat a warning 10 seconds before each shock, and we find it doesn't get an ulcer. That tells us that you are less vulnerable to a stress-related disease if you get predictive information.
Another experiment: If we give the rat a lever to press, and that rat thinks he's in control of the shocks, that helps—a sense of control decreases the stress response.
More on Stress
Take this quiz to learn how stressed you are.
Watch Dr. Sapolsky's presentation on stress and how to overcome it.
Discover Dr. Sapolsky's books Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers and Monkeyluv .
Check out this essay on men, stress, and sex, which draws on Sapolsky's research.
Christine Carter provides tips on "How Not to Have a Nervous Breakdown."
Are you an educator? You might be interested in "Stopping Teacher Burnout" and "A Training to Make Teachers Less Stressed."
Yet another experiment tells us it helps to have friends: If a rat getting shocks has a friend it likes in the cage, and they are able to groom each other, the rat doesn't get the ulcer. So social affiliation helps control stress.
In short, you are more likely to get a stress response—more likely to subjectively feel stressed, more likely to get a stress-related disease—if you feel like you have no outlets for what's going on, no control, no predictability, you interpret things as getting worse, and if you have nobody's shoulder to cry on.
Okay, these are very powerful observations. They're helpful. But please don't assume that if you get as much control in your life and as much predictive information in your life as possible, you will be protected from stress. To understand why, let me share some of the subtleties of this field.
Look at the rat that got a warning. Timing is everything. He didn't get an ulcer when he got a 10-second warning. But if the warning light goes on one second before the shock occurs, it has no positive effect whatsoever, because there isn't time for the rat to adjust anything. Or suppose, instead, the warning light comes two minutes before. That will make the ulcers worse, because the rat is sitting there, ulcerating away, thinking, "Here it comes, here it comes, here it comes." When it comes to predictive information, there's only a narrow window where it works.
When does a sense of control work? When you're dealing with a mild to moderate stressor, because in those circumstances you know how much worse it could have been and can imagine, rightly or wrongly, that you had control over that improvement. But if it's a major disastrous stressor, the last thing you want is an inflated sense of control, because that sets you up to think that the disaster is all your fault. In the case of a major disaster, we tend to minimize people's sense of control—by saying, for example, "It wouldn't have mattered if you had gotten him to the doctor a month ago, it wouldn't have made a difference." And one of the worst things we do, societally, is attribute more control to victims: "Well, what's she going to expect if she dresses that way?" or "Well, what are they going to expect if they choose not to assimilate?"
In short, a sense of control is protective for mild to moderate stressors, but it's a disaster for major ones. In that domain, the most humane thing you can do is foster denial and rationalization rather than a sense of responsibility.
When is stress good?
Just as not all stress management techniques work, not all stress is bad. In fact, we love stress. We pay good money for it in a scary movie or on a roller coaster ride. We love stress when it's the right amount of stress.
When is it optimal? When it's only moderately stressful, at the most. And good stress is transient—it's not for nothing that you don't have roller coaster rides going for three weeks! The stress also has to be happening in a context that feels safe overall. Moderately stressful at most, transient, safe—what does that define?
© John Goode
That defines stimulation. That defines what play is. What is play about?
It's when a higher rank dog says to a lower ranking dog: "I am willing to suspend our dominance relations right now and allow all sorts of unpredictable interactions. To show how much I'm doing that, I'm going to give you access to my throat or my genitals, and we're just having a great time here playing." In play, you feel safe, and as a result, you are willing to give up some control and predictability. We say, "Surprise me!" That's good stress.
There's another lesson we can learn from dogs and other hierarchical mammals, like baboons: Social rank can cause stress, especially where rankings are unstable and people are jockeying for position. But social rank is not as important as social context. What patterns of social affiliation do you have? How often do you groom, how often does somebody groom you? How often do you sit in contact and play with kids?
What's clear by now is if you have a choice between being a high-ranking baboon or a socially affiliated one, the latter is definitely the one that is going to lead to a healthier, longer life. That's the baboon we want to be—not the one with power, but the one with friends, neighbors, and family.
Robert M. Sapolsky
Robert M. Sapolsky, Ph.D., is the John A. and Cynthia Fry Gunn Professor of Biological Sciences and a professor of neurology and neurological sciences at Stanford University. His most recent book is Monkeyluv: And Other Essays on Our Lives as Animals. A longer version of this essay appeared in Foreign Affairs.
Is Stress-Free Parenting Possible? By Christine Carter
How to De-Stress By Katie Goldsmith
How Stress Hurts Men's Sex Lives By Robert M. Sapolsky
Peace Among Primates By Robert M. Sapolsky
Political Primates By Christopher Boehm
Greater Good Sex Tips for Guys By Jeremy Adam Smith
And the evidence for dominance as a function of
canine relationships is…....?
Far as I can see dominance can be a property of a
social interaction between domestic dogs. No
evidence of dominance hierarchies or persistent
social dominance within domestic dogs far as I'm
aware but would stand to be corrected.
Sorry, devil in the detail
K9 Kommenter | 1:29 pm, May 11, 2012 | Link
What Psychedelics Can Teach Us About Human Connection
Psychologist Sonja Lyubomirsky is calling for more research into MDMA to help us understand feelings of connection and loneliness.
Our Best Education Articles of 2022
Readers and editors pick the most interesting and insightful articles from the past year about teaching, learning, and the keys to…


They have no real answers. The company is a scam. Andy is a massive douchebag. Bad PR.
any opinion on hemp or cbdd stock? invest or no? farm bill will help, or no? thank you for your opinion!
ISOL is on my Radar, it's cheap and due for a recovery. It's taken so many punches you'd think its a punching bag, and hopefully if positive sentiment can come forward the stock should have a breakout. They are established CBD business so the Farm Bill is pulling them upwards.
Aphria's tardiness is a huge let down. I'm done with this company.
ACB is a buy and hold it has a bigger potential to bounce to $9.14 and break or dip below.


text:
Victoria County History - Essex
A History of the County of Essex: Volume 10, Lexden Hundred (Part) Including Dedham, Earls Colne and Wivenhoe
Wivenhoe: Manors and other estates
A History of the County of Essex: Volume 10, Lexden Hundred (Part) Including Dedham, Earls Colne and Wivenhoe. Originally published by Victoria County History, London, 2001.
MANORS AND OTHER ESTATES
The manor of WIVENHOE was an estate of 5 hides less 15 a. held in 1066 by Alvric and in 1086 by Nigel as a tenant of Robert Gernon. (fn. 1) After Robert Gernon's fief had escheated to the Crown, Henry I granted it to William de Mun- fitchet. On the death in 1267 without issue of Richard de Munfitchet, a descendant of William, his estates were divided between the issue of his three sisters, and the overlordship of Wivenhoe came to Giles de Plaiz, Lord Plaiz (d. 1302). (fn. 2) It then descended with the barony of Plaiz to Sir John Howard, by whose marriage to Joan Walton it was united with the demesne lordship. (fn. 3)
About 1180 Richard Battle held land on Wivenhoe heath, (fn. 4) and in 1207 William Battle held land in Wivenhoe perhaps in the right of his wife Agnes. (fn. 5) In 1246 the manor belonged to the Battle family. (fn. 6) Under an agreement of 1298 it passed with Battleswick in Colchester to Richard Battle's daughter and coheir Margery wife of William Sutton. (fn. 7) The manor descended, with Battleswick, in the Sutton and Walton families to Joan Walton (d. 1424) wife of John Howard, Lord Plaiz. Her daughter and heir Elizabeth married John de Vere, 12th earl of Oxford, and Wivenhoe descended with the earl- dom until 1584 when Edward de Vere, the 17th earl of Oxford, sold it to Roger Townshend of Raynham (Norf.). Roger, who was knighted in 1588 for his part in fighting the Spanish Armada, (fn. 8) was succeeded by his son John, his grandson Roger, and his great grandson Horatio. In 1657 Horatio Townshend sold the manor to Nicholas Corsellis (d. 1665), a London merchant of Flemish immigrant descent. (fn. 9) Thereafter it descended in the Corsellis family to Nicholas (1634-74), Nicholas (1661-1728), Nicholas (1697-1761), Nicholas (1745-1826), Nicholas Caesar Corsellis the elder (1763- 1833), Nicholas Caesar the younger, his nephew Nicholas Caesar Corsellis Lawton (d. 1881), and another Nicholas Caesar Corsellis Lawton, until 1899 when E. S. Beard, a Colchester estate agent, bought it and resold it to G. F. Beaumont, a Coggeshall solicitor. It was bought by H. Hutchinson in 1954 and by Prof. R. H. Grave- son in 1961. (fn. 10)
The manor house, Wivenhoe Hall, built just north-west of the church c. 1530, had a tower gateway used as a sea mark in the 16th century. The house was described as decayed in 1594, and as having 15 hearths in 1662. In 1844 it was altered and rebuilt, the two-storeyed north wing, with walls of brick and plastered timber- framing and tiled roofs, being the only part remaining substantially unchanged. (fn. 11) The building was sold for demolition in 1927. (fn. 12) A deer park was mentioned in 1475, apparently in the south- east of the parish. (fn. 13)
...an 18th-century creation, was centred on an estate, presumably Swaynes in the north of Wivenhoe and the south of Greenstead which was held as a freehold of Wivenhoe manor before 1408 by Bartholomew Bourchier. (fn. 14) Before 1661 it came to the Beriff family of Brightlingsea, (fn. 15) from whom it was bought in 1734 by Isaac Lemyng Rebow of Colchester. (fn. 16) In 1729 he had married Mary, daughter of Matthew Martin of Wivenhoe and Alresford Hall, and the Rebow family subsequently acquired land from the Martins. Wivenhoe Park estate, part of the Rebows' holdings in Essex and Suffolk, passed on Isaac's death in 1735 to his son Isaac Martin Rebow (d. 1781), then to Isaac Martin's daughter Mary Hester (d. 1834). In 1796 she married Gen. Francis Slater (d. 1845) who assumed the name Rebow. Mary Martin Rebow, their daughter, died in 1842, after marrying in 1835 John Gurdon (1799-1870) who took the additional surname Rebow and inherited Wivenhoe park. John Gurdon-Rebow was succeeded by the son of his second marriage, Hector John Gurdon- Rebow. (fn. 17) The estate was enlarged in the 18th and 19th centuries, partly by the inclosure of heathland. (fn. 18) By the later 19th century it amounted to 2,381 a.: the mansion, deer park, and pleasure grounds comprised 124 a. in Wivenhoe and Greenstead. In 1902 Hector John Gurdon- Rebow was financially ruined and sold the estate to C. E. Gooch (1870-1937). Gooch's son Charles (d. 1983) sold the estate to Essex University in 1962, (fn. 19) and moved to Wivenhoe New Park, a large house built in 1962-4, designed for him by Raymond Erith. (fn. 20)
Figure 45:
South prospect of Wivenhoe in 1734, with Wivenhoe Hall on the west
Wivenhoe Park was built for Isaac Martin Rebow in 1759 to designs by Thomas Reynolds. It had a double-pile plan and five-bayed entrance front, to the north, which was extended by semi-circular bays to the east and west. The principal floor was raised above a basement and the central doorway was approached by curving steps. The house was enlarged and remodelled in neo-Tudor style for J. G. Rebow in 1846-53 by Thomas Hopper. He raised the surrounding ground level to conceal the basement, cased the exterior in new red brick with dressings which are mostly of stucco, replaced all the windows adding square bays to the south front and a canted bay on the west, and built up the roofline to incorporate into decorative gables the windows of his attics. The main additions were to the east where he added service rooms which adjoined a new stable yard which is dated 1846. Apart from the basic plan only a fireplace and ceiling plasterwork in two rooms survived from the original house. The entrance hall and main staircase were the principal features of Hopper's interior. In 1962 the house, having become part of Essex University, was renamed Wivenhoe House. It was converted to a conference centre in 1977, and extended to designs by Bryan Thomas in 1986-8. (fn. 21)
Wivenhoe Park was built within an old deer park. In 1776-80 the park, of 34 ha., was landscaped by Richard Woods. It lay mostly to the south-east of a valley in which two lakes were formed. (fn. 22) When the house was being remodelled by Hopper c. 1850 the gardens around the house were laid out by W. A. Nesfield. (fn. 23) The north- east entrance lodge is of the early 19th century.
Aubrey de Vere (1137-94), 1st earl of Oxford, granted land in Wivenhoe to Earl's Colne priory. At the Dissolution it was granted to John de Vere, 15th earl of Oxford. (fn. 24)
About 1180 Richard Battle gave the Knights Hospitallers land on Wivenhoe heath. (fn. 25) That was probably the lands, formerly Noers, on Wivenhoe heath, recorded in 1413, and called Newars farm in 1572. (fn. 26)
1. V.C.H. Essex, i. 517-18.
2. Ibid. iv. 227; Cal. Inq. p.m. iv, p. 81.
3. V.C.H. Essex, ix. 413.
4. Cart. St. John of Jerusalem, p. 35.
5. Pleas before King or his Justices, iv (Selden Soc. lxxxiv), P. 33.
6. Cal. Chart. R. 1226-57, 292.
7. Morant, Essex, ii. 187 n.
8. Ibid. ii. 188; F. Chancellor, Ancient Sepulchral Monuments of Essex, 12-13; Feet of F. Essex, vi. 25.
9. Cat. Anct. D. vi. C 7743; Morant, Essex, i. 407; ii. 188.
10. E.R. xviii. 138; N. Butler, Story of Wivenhoe, 91, 139; E.R.O., D/DBm M518.
11. J. Norden, Description of Essex (Camd. Soc. [1st ser. ix], 39; E.R.O., Q/RTh 1, f. 19; Morant, Essex, ii. 188; R.C.H.M. Essex, iii. 234.
12. Butler, Story of Wivenhoe, 228; E.R.O., sale cat. B7426.
13. E.R.O., D/DBm M507; below, this par., Econ. Hist.
14. Morant, Essex, ii. 189; E.R.O., T/M 374.
15. E.R.O., Acc. CPL 970 (uncat.); E.R. xxvii. 178.
16. E.R.O., D/DU 27; E.A.T. n.s. xiv. 17-18; e.g. V.C.H. Essex, ix. 159, 167-8.
17. Burke, Land. Gent. (1914), 1592; E.R.O., D/DEt M11.
18. E.R.O., D/CT 406; ibid. D/DB T1496, T1 500-2, T1505-10; ibid. Acc. C47 (uncat.), Rebow papers.
19. Ibid. sale cat. B2469; Butler, Story of Wivenhoe, 133-7, 277; V.C.H. Essex, ix. 366.
20. L. Archer, Raymond Erith, Architect, 171-2.
21. E.J. v. 137-9; V.C.H. Essex, ix. 366; Eng. Heritage, 'Register of parks and gardens of special hist. interest in Eng.' part 15, Essex, PRN 2400: copy in E.C.C. Archaeology Section; Dept. of Env., Buildings List; above, plate 19.
22. E.R.O., D/DHt B1.
23. Eng. Heritage, 'Register of parks and gardens', part 15, Essex PRN 2400.
24. Colne Cart. 21; V.C.H. Essex, ii. 104.
25. Cart. St. John of Jerusalem, p. 35.
26. E.R.O., D/DBw Q1, rot. 7; ibid. D/DBm M507; D/DHt M89; B.L. Add. Ch. 41695; below, this par., Econ Hist.


text:
Supreme Court Cases: US Becomes A World Power
Schenck v. United States (1919)
After the United States entered World War I, the U. S. Congress in 1917 instituted a military draft when it passed the Selective Services Act. Also in 1917, Congress passed the Espionage Act which made it a crime to cause or attempt to cause insubordination in the military and naval forces or to obstruct the recruitment or enlistment of persons into the military service of the United States. Charles Schenck, the General Secretary of the Socialist Party, opposed U. S. participation in World War I. He was arrested and prosecuted for violation of the Espionage Act after 15,000 leaflets traced to Socialist Party headquarters urging resistance to the draft were sent to men who had been drafted. The leaflet quoted the Constitution's Thirteenth Amendment prohibiting slavery or involuntary servitude, asserted that the Selective Service Act violated the amendment, and that a draftee was little better than a convict. It suggested that the draft was despotism in its worst form and was a wrong against humanity in the interest of "Wall Street's chosen few." It urged draftees not to submit to intimidation and to assert their rights. It described even silent consent to the draft law as helping to support an infamous conspiracy. Schenck was convicted in a U. S. District Court and appealed his conviction to the Supreme Court where he argued that the leaflets should be protected by the First Amendment's freedom of speech and press.
A unanimous Supreme Court upheld Schenck's conviction. In one of the most memorable Supreme Court opinions in history, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote for the Court: "We admit that in many places and in ordinary times the defendants in saying all that was said in the circular would have been within their constitutional rights. But the character of every act depends upon the circumstances in which it is done. The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing a panic. … The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent." Thus, the Court ruled that speech can be limited in wartime.
The so-called "clear and present danger rule" first enunciated by Justice Holmes in Schenck quickly became the test by which a majority of the Supreme Court judged freedom of speech cases for many years to come.
Copyright © 2019 Law-Related Education Department, State Bar of Texas
The State Bar of Texas presents the information on this web site as a service to our members and other Internet users. While the information on this site is about legal issues, it is not legal advice. Moreover, due to the rapidly changing nature of the law and our reliance on information provided by outside sources, we make no warranty or guarantee concerning the accuracy or reliability of the content at this site or at other sites to which we link.
#LIAM LEARNS
CITIZEN BEE
JUSTICEVILLE
OYEZ OYEZ
BEE IN A BOX
CONSTITUTION QUIZ


text:
En raison de la situation géographique de l'Allemagne, située au centre de l'Europe à un carrefour de peuples, et de la réalisation tardive de son unité, celle-ci connaît de nombreux noms différents qui varient selon les langues, inspirés par les peuples qui l'ont composée : ainsi l'Allemagne est désignée en allemand , en anglais , en polonais , en arabe Almania (ألمانيا).

Généralités
On peut globalement ranger les étymologies des noms de l'Allemagne en six grands groupes, selon leur radical :
 du vieux haut-allemand diutisc (peuple) ;
 du latin  (pays des Germains) ;
 du latin Alemannia (pays des Alamans),  du vieux haut-allemand Alemanni (tous les hommes) ;
 du proto-germanique sakhsan (Saxons) ;
 du vieux-slave nemets (muet) ;
 du balte vāca, renvoyant peut-être aux Vikings.

Noms par étymologie

Diutisc
Le terme allemand  dérive du vieux haut-allemand  ou de variantes similaires du proto-germanique *þiudiskaz signifiant « du peuple ». Ce dernier terme provient lui-même d'un mot germanique signifiant « peuple » et fut utilisé pour faire la différence entre les locuteurs de langues germaniques et ceux de langues celtiques ou romanes. Il tire son origine de l'indo-européen commun , « peuple ».

 provient probablement d'un terme de francique occidental, une langue dont il ne subsiste quasiment aucun écrit. Il s'agit du dialecte germanique utilisé au début du Moyen Âge, parlé par les Francs en Francie occidentale. Ce terme n'est connu que par sa forme latinisée  (tudesque). Jusqu'au , les Francs désignent leur langue par frengisk ; toutefois, quand les Francs déplacent leur centre politique et culturel vers l'actuelle France, ce terme devient ambigu, les Francs de Francie occidentale parlant le latin, le latin vulgaire ou le frengisk. Pour le remplacer, le terme  dérive de la racine germanique pour « peuple » et du suffixe « -iscus » et signifie « appartenant au peuple », c'est-à-dire « langue du peuple ».

En Francie orientale, le terme frengisk est utilisé pendant plus longtemps. Le terme diutsch et ses variantes n'est utilisé par les locuteurs que pour se décrire eux-mêmes, à partir du .

Les Teutons, une tribu dans le nom provient probablement de la même racine, a donné par le latin le terme « teuton » en français, ainsi qu'à l'italien , « allemand ».

Le contraire de  est le vieux haut-allemand  ou , signifiant « étranger » (au sens de Walh, personne ne parlant pas une langue germanique), peut-être dérivé de la tribu celte des Volques. En allemand,  signifie « romand ». En anglais, le terme Welsh a servi à désigner les habitants du Pays de Galles. Il a également été utilisé pour plusieurs autres régions où les peuples germaniques entrèrent en contact avec des cultures non-germaniques, comme en Wallonie, en Valais ou en Valachie.

Termes signifiant « Allemagne » et dérivant du vieux haut-allemand  :
 Langues germaniques :
 afrikaans :
 allemand :
 danois :
 féroïen :
 islandais :
 néerlandais :
 norvégien :
 suédois :
 yiddish :

 Autres langues :
 chinois :  (pinyin: Déyìzhì), souvent / (Déguó, « Dé » pour  , et « guó » signifiant « le pays de »)
 coréen :  (Dogil/Togil)
 japonais :
 nahuatl :
 sotho du Nord :
 vietnamien :

Germania

Le terme latin , d'origine incertaine, apparait au  Il pourrait être d'origine gauloise et il n'existe aucune preuve qu'il ait été utilisé par les tribus germaniques elles-mêmes. Jules César est le premier à utiliser le terme par écrit pour décrire des tribus du nord-est de la Gaule dans ses Commentaires sur la Guerre des Gaules : il signale que quatre tribus belges, les Condruses, les Éburons, les Cérèses et les Pémanes sont collectivement connues comme . Vers 98, Tacite écrit La Germanie, un ouvrage ethnographique sur les peuples germaniques  extérieurs à l'Empire romain. À la différence de César, Tacite prétend que le nom  a concerné en premier la tribu Tongres.

En anglais, le mot  (« Allemand ») est attesté pour la première fois en 1520, remplaçant les usages antérieurs d',  et . En allemand,  fait désormais référence aux peuples germaniques, tout comme l'adjectif français germanique.

L'adjectif « germain » (comme dans l'expression « cousin germain ») derive du latin  et n'est pas lié aux peuples germaniques.

Termes signifiant « Allemagne » et dérivant du latin  :

 albanais :  anglais :  arménien :  (Germania)
 bengali :  (Jarmani)
 bulgare :  (Germaniya) l'adjectif et le nom bulgares désignant un Allemand dérivent du cinquième groupe :  (nemski, adjectif),  (nemski, nom).

 gaélique écossais :  géorgien :  (Germania)
 grec :  (Germanía)
 hawaïen :
 hébreu :  (Germania)
 hindi :  (Jarmanī)
 indonésien :  irlandais :  italien :  l'adjectif et le nom italien désignant un Allemand dérivent du premier groupe : tedesco.
 latin médiéval :  macédonien :  (Germaniya)
 malaisien :  maltais :  mannois :  māori :  népalais:  (Jarmanī)
 ourdou:  (Jarmanī)
 panjâbî:  (Jarmanī)
 roumain :  russe :  (Guermanïia) ; l'adjectif et le nom russes désignant un Allemand dérivent du cinquième groupe :  (nemetskiï, adjectif),  (nemets, nom).
 somali:  swahili :  tahitien :  tamoul:  (cerumani),  (Jermani)
 thaïlandais :  (Yerramani),  (Yoeraman)

 Alamans

Les Alamans sont un ensemble tribus sud-germaniques suèves occupant ce qui est actuellement l'Alsace et des parties du Bade-Wurtemberg et de la Suisse. Leur nom provient du proto-germanique *Alamanniz qui pourrait avoir deux significations. Si Al- signifie « tout », il signifie « tous les hommes ». Si Al- signifie « autre », il signifie « les hommes étrangers » (de façon similaire aux Allobroges).

Termes signifiant « Allemagne » et dérivant des Alamans :

 arabe :
 azéri :  basque :  breton :  catalan :  cornique :  espagnol :  français :  galicien :  gallois :  kazakh :
 khmer:
 kurde :  occitan :  ojibwé :
 persan :
 piémontais:  philippin :  portugais :  tatar:
 turc :  Saxons
Le nom de la tribu germanique des Saxons dérive du proto-germanique *sakhsanLes termes estonien et finnois s'appliquent historiquement aux anciens Saxons avant d'évoluer vers la totalité de l'Allemagne. Dans certaines langues celtes, le terme pour « anglais » dérive des Saxons : l'écossais , le breton , le gallois , etc. La terminaison -sex de l'Essex, du Sussex, du Middlesex, etc. en dérive également.

Termes signifiant « Allemagne » et dérivant des Saxons :

 estonien :  finnois :  live :  võro:  Nemets
L'exonyme slave nemets, nemtsy dérive du proto-slave němьcь (pluriel němьci), « un étranger », provenant de l'adjectif němъ (« muet ») muni du suffix -ьcь. Il signifie littéralement « un muet », interprété dans le sens « quelqu'un qui ne parle pas comme nous », « un étranger ». Il semble que němьci ait été utilisé tout d'abord pour désigner tous les étrangers non-slaves, puis restreint ensuite aux seuls Allemands.

La forme plurielle est devenue le nom du pays en polonais et en silésien. En biélorusse et ukrainien, il dérive de němьcь avec adjonction du suffixe -ина. Dans les autres langues, il dérive de l'adjectif němьcьska, « allemand » (sous-entendu « territoire »).

Avec le temps, l'exonyme slave s'est transmis aux nations situées plus à l'est. Le nom arabe de l'Autriche, , Nimsā, est emprunté aux termes turc osmanli et persan pour l'Autriche, نمچه, Nemçe, à partir de l'une des langues slaves méridionales (aux , l'Autriche est le plus grand pays germanophone bordant l'Empire ottoman).

Termes signifiant « Allemagne » et dérivant du proto-slave :

 biélorusse :  (Nïamietchtchyna)
 bosnien:  cachoube :  croate :  hongrois :  polonais :  serbe :  (Nemačka)
 silésien :  slovaque :  slovène :  bas-sorabe:  haut-sorabe:  tchèque :  ukrainien :  (Nimetchtchyna)

 Terme balte
Termes signifiant « Allemagne » dans les langues baltes, d'origine inconnue (peut-être le mot allemand "volk" peuple) :

 curonien :  letton :  lituanien :  Autres
Autres termes désignant l'Allemagne :
 sorabe :  ou , du nom de la Bavière.
 tahitien : , déformation de « Prusse ».
 vieux norrois : , littéralement « chemin du sud » (à l'inverse du mot '', « chemin du nord », qui a donné « Norvège »).

Annexes

Liens internes
 Liste d'étymologies des noms de pays
 Origine des noms de pays
 Exonymie

Références

Société allemande
Allemagne

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


PatientWorks provides solutions for Physician Practices to automate their front desk operations.
KioskWorks iQ, the intelligent queue, is our entry-level kiosk that quickly checks-in an arriving patient, whether the patient is a walk-in or there for a scheduled appointment. KioskWorks iQ is not integrated with your Practice Management or Scheduling Software. Patients enter their name, birthdate, indicate whether or not they have an appointment, select a physician, and indicate the reason for their visit. The software tracks the status of the patient including wait times and displays this data on a dashboard for the physician and staff to view. It tracks what patients are in the exam room and how long the wait will be for waiting patients. The iPad based solution replaces manual sign-in procedures allowing you to track patient flow, wait times, and activity. The solution provides physicians with visibility on waiting patients and walk-ins to better manage their time and schedules. Strong analytics from data captured on all your patient visits allow the practice to track and understand historical patient visit data and make improvements in the practice operations. Patients like the ease of signing in and knowing that staff is aware of their arrival. Estimated wait times are provided to the patient based on the current physician workload. KioskWorks iQ is a software-as-a-service solution offering providing the software from the internet cloud reducing the IT support needed by the practice. The service is provided under a services agreement.
As a staff tool during the registration process, CheckinWorks Cloud complements your current practice management or patient scheduling system to bring your patient registration, appointments, appointment reminders, payment processing, insurance and demographic verification and more to the cloud. Data is synchronized to PatientWorks cloud based servers automatically. Your staff will be more accurate and more productive through automated data capture from driver's license and insurance and automated address verification with the USPS. Insurance eligibility can be done in batch or on-demand and proper patient due amounts determined. Payment can be collected via real-time credit card processing and payment plans may be setup to improve collections, especially with high deductible health plans. No-shows are reduced with automated appointment reminders and check-ins are easier. Delivered as a Software-as-a Service solution.
The above solutions are provided as cloud based services that minimize the need for local IT resources. If you have IT resources and implement solutions on-site, our many other products will work for you as well. Click on the logos above to go to the product pages or navigate through our website to learn more about our various product offerings.
Good Samaritan Hospital (GSH) of Vincennes, Indiana, a 260-bed facility serving southwestern Indiana and southeastern Illinois, has been a PatientWorks customer for over five years. They selected the PatientWorks solution to replace their existing in-house application that utilized custom queries on QuadraMed Affinity and Barcode Blaster thermal printers.


Happy Super Bowl Sunday! I may be the only person I know who hasn't even turned the game on. I am so not into pro football and I am embarrassed (but not really) to say I don't even know who is in it. I would much rather spend my evening watching HGTV, blogger and pinning everything in sight.
Hopefully you are checking in and linking up despite the big game. Can't wait to see what you have been up to this week. Please don't forget to link up only RECIPE posts that you yourself made and photographed. Thank you, thank you for linking up and sharing in the party!
I have the game on but only as noise! The hubby is asleep in his chair. Maybe if we had a team in the fight I would pay attention, hehe. Thanks for hosting and have a great week!
Thanks for hosting the party Kaylee! Have a fantastic week!
Thanks for hosting!! :) Have a great week!
We watched the "puppy Bowl" and mostly the commercials which weren't that great this year.
Thanks for hosting, Kaylee! Have a wonderful week!
Thanks for hosting! I am now following you and would love for you to follow me as well! Thanks again!
Hi Kayle, Thanks for hosting another great party. I brought over my Super Bowl of Chili. I know the Super Bowl is over, but this chili is just too good not to share. Hope you enjoy it.
We are hosting a new Monday party - What'd You Do This Weekend? Hope you can drop by and ramble on about anything you want. Love to have you there.
Love your redesign! It looks great!
Love the look! So clean and fresh!
Thanks for the party. I'd love you to join Two cup Tuesday at Pint Sized Baker!


Well, December 22 is finally here. What's the big deal with the date? It marks the first time in almost six months that I have meaningful time to work on the things I care about — things like blogging, reading and research, keeping up with my languages, and daring to think about writing my next novel, or any other book for that matter. Before you get excited, realize that this respite will last only a month before things will revert to what has become my new normal. Still, it feels like a Christmas present. In what follows, I'll describe my situation and then how to fix it — and announce a new opportunity for you and others to make a solution possible, a solution that can change my life and, hopefully, the lives of a lot of other people. I apologize ahead of time for the length of this post, but you can consider this a sort of "heart to heart" with my audience. (I looked – this is the longest post in the history of my blog).
For months now I've basically had my personal time drained away. I've managed to keep the podcast going, but to be honest, if it were not for Trey and the feedback from many of you that I've received about it, I would have quit it again. I'm glad I didn't. The problem is my online teaching situation (I teach for two schools; this doesn't concern MEMRA). It used to be that the time commitment for that was only a few hours a week. The end of a term (the modules are eight-weeks long and run the entire year consecutively, except for mid-December through mid-January) was the lone exception. Papers are due then. It's not uncommon to have 30-35 hours of work to do over that three-day weekend. But I could plan for that. For the most part, I could count on about 15-20 hours a week (evenings and weekends) to devote to personal projects. (I don't watch TV except for sports highlights – even that was spotty – my Naked Bible fantasy football team wasn't very competitive this year). But nearly all of that time is gone now, a change brought on by new grading requirements, the details of which I won't bore you all with. I have managed to keep the podcast (which I do over lunch time at work, but I spend an hour or two prepping for it). The podcast and the bibliography tagging are all I have been doing in terms of my own interests – and you, my true audience. I rarely blog now, other than to announce something. Comments on the blog go unanswered for too many days (I'll hit them again today after posting this). I'm hundreds of emails behind. I haven't made headway on any new project (see the list below) or done any serious reading or research in months. I like helping online students, but I'd rather be using the time I devote to grading to helping you folks learn something. You're my real audience and classroom, though that's become something of a fantasy. It's all pretty frustrating.
The good news is that the potential for this to change is real – if enough people care. But before I get to that, I want to sketch out a few things: (1) What I know I'll be doing in 2016 for my audience, and (2) things I hope to do someday. (I say it that way, because under the present circumstances, that's the most I can say).
1) The Naked Bible podcast is secure. Trey and I will continue doing one episode per week. We're committed to it. The same goes for Mr. Tudor, the person who stepped up to volunteer to produce transcripts. They both make the podcast possible and something that can be grown.
What did the scientist/scholar conduct research on?
What were the parameters of the experiment?
At the end, what could they say or not say?
What research is needed as a follow-up?
Has anyone pursued that research yet?
Are there implications for a biblical worldview?
In a nutshell, when it comes to paranormal talk, no one does this. Everyone only speculates. It's time for something different—and better.
Peeranormal will not be weekly. We plan to do an episode once every month, maybe every two months. We'll see. The show will also have a third co-host. Cris Putnam, Natalina Hansen, and Brian Godawa have agreed to rotate in, depending on the topic.
3) More work will be going into the website. This is necessary in view of several things that follow. My webmaster, Joe Fioramonti, has been a Godsend. He put months of time into revamping the site a few years ago (for free), and has continued to support it. He'll be adding some pages in 2016 and helping me start an email list. It probably amazes some of you that I don't have one. Hey, I never claimed to know what I was doing. I know it needs to happen, so look for that in the future.
4) I'm going to start experimenting with video. I say "experimenting" because that's all it will be until my time problem goes away. Because of the generosity of those who donated to the divine council bibliography project, I was able not only to produce the 60 Second Scholar series, but I got some low-end video equipment, enough to create a makeshift "studio" in my garage. I'm not sure yet what I'll do with it. In theory, once it's set up, I could walk in and shoot a brief video every night. I've already decided that the short-lived Cinematic Theology podcast I started with a local friend (Rich Baker) will now be shot in the studio. We'll try and do an episode every two months. I'll be looking for someone to edit the video (and will pay them something of course). But all that is low-hanging fruit. I need to be doing video with an intentional plan or agenda. Tom Horn and Derek Gilbert encouraged me last October to do something intelligent with YouTube. They're right, of course . . . Which brings me to number five . . .
5) I'll be creating three YouTube Channels. Derek Gilbert has offered to walk me through the process of creating Roku channels for them once they exist. Why three? They follow the three blog focus points. So, I'll have YouTube channels for Naked Bible, PaleoBabble, and UFO Religions. I've downloaded 25-30 videos of my own lectures for someone to edit (add a title slide, that sort of thing) and distribute between the three channels. The same will happen to the video taken at the St. Joseph, MO event (haven't forgotten about it – just haven't been able to get to it yet). The Cinematic Theology stuff will live on that site and (likely) the UFO Religions channel. So, I can say that sometime in 2016 these channels will exist and have something on them. Beyond, these specifics, who knows? I'm open to ideas, but please realize that, until have time, even great ideas won't happen.
6) I will do my best to blog once a week for each blog – posting something besides an announcement. But I can't promise to do any thoughtful blogging at that pace. Doing that takes reading and research, and I'm not sure how much of that I can actually do.
7) I'm going to finish my rewrite of an article on Jesus' / John's use of Psalm 82:6 in John 10:34 for submission to a scholarly journal. I've chatted about this off and on. I can put some work time into this, so I'm confident I'm going to get this done and submitted.
Here's a listing, in no particular order, of what I'd be working on if time were no issue (really, if I was "doing what Mike does" full time).
This one's pretty obvious. It's also the most out-of-reach at this point. People forget that I was researching and writing The Unseen Realm over the course of ten years. It didn't happen overnight, so a follow-up volume (or volumes) won't either. What I want to do is produce a second volume that both expands (drills down) on certain things in The Unseen Realm but which also adds more layers to what I covered in that book. As I noted in the early chapters, I view The Unseen Realm as a starting point — a book that gives people the lay of the land with respect to what the Bible is really about and what it looks like through the eyes of its original writers and readers. But it's more broad than deep. (For an idea of what I'd include in a second book, go here.) A second volume would take a solid year of research (at least 20 hrs. a week) before I even start writing. As anyone who gets a glimpse of the divine council bibliography will validate, the amount of material to wade through is copious. A year's research would be followed by at least a year commitment to writing (and perhaps not writing anything else while I'm working on this volume). I also have a third "divine council worldview" book in mind that would follow these two. I'd like to use the first two volumes as the well from which to write a systematic theology with the divine council worldview as the centerpiece. I've already talked to Ronn Johnson about co-writing that, as Ronn's love is systematic theology. That would take a couple years to produce, but it would round out the trilogy nicely.
It may sound more daunting, but something else I want to do in the arena of the divine council content of The Unseen Realm that's actually (relatively) easier is to produce a commentary that covers the entire Bible. What I mean here isn't a verse-by-verse traditional commentary. Rather, I'd like to go through the entire Bible and comment on anything that links back into The Unseen Realm or its potential follow-up volume. The analysis wouldn't be deep – I'm thinking something on the level of the old 2-volume Bible Knowledge Commentary. It wouldn't require much in the way of new research. The point of this project would be a quick reference tool that would answer questions like, "I wonder if this passage has anything to do with something I read in The Unseen Realm." Basically, this "commentary" would serve to alert readers that there's something going on in XYZ passage, describe that briefly, and then direct people to (perhaps accessible) literature for further research. This resource wouldn't be as interesting as follow-up books to The Unseen Realm, but such a tool would be useful.
Lastly, I'd like to write a "Barnes and Noble" type book on the divine council – something that discusses divine plurality in the Hebrew Bible (and continuing through the Second Temple Period and New Testament) as something consistent with Israelite monotheism and that informed Christian Trinitarianism.
Oops … did I give away the title to the next novel? Maybe. That's the title I like the most right now (other possibilities: The Alignment, The Template). At least I'm that far! Actually, I've gathered the research material for the next one. It'll take a solid year to read through it (at 1-2 hrs a day) since it's another 4000 pages. If you've read The Façade and The Portent, you won't laugh when I say writing a novel for me is a little like writing a dissertation. They don't just happen. They have substance because they are research-intensive.
The Excluded Middle — My take on the paranormal / parapsychology and a biblical worldview.
A book that talks about how to think well about inspiration and inerrancy more intelligently than what's usually offered in that regard. Seriously. More Christians seem to lose faith on this one than anything else. Church "leaders" have only themselves to blame.
A book that is basically a blueprint for how believers can do what they're supposed to do as the Church instead of the Sunday morning experience that today we call church. For why I want to do this, see below under "Support Miqlat." (Yes, Miqlat – you Portent readers have heard the name before).
The (first?) serious book on newspaper reports about the discovery of giant skeletons. I'd like to hire someone to scour 19th century and early 20th century American newspapers for articles on the discovery of giants. I have a few dozen now, but there are databases and other resources I haven't touched yet. The purpose would be producing a list of accounts with names, dates, places. Then I'd want someone to search anthropological and paleontological books and journals to track down if there were any dinosaur or large prehistorical mammals discovered in or near the same places where these giants were allegedly found. This in effect reproduces what Adrienne Mayor did in other locations. Lastly, I'd want someone to contact and / or travel to museums to identify as many of the dinosaur or large prehistorical mammal finds (i.e., where the specimens went and where they are). This project amounts to discovering if the newspaper accounts of giant skeletons are misidentifications of prehistoric animal specimens or not. Somebody needs to do this rather than be content with speculation. Frankly, this is a dissertation waiting to happen. I'd like to help get it done.
A response to Younker's recent article about why the solid dome of Israelite cosmology isn't a solid dome. The article isn't coherent and avoids raising questions and considering data that undermine its thesis. Younker is a Seventh Day Adventist, so he has a vested interest in defending ideas that important to young earth creationism.
A response to Adair's dismissal of the Sept 11, 3 BC date for Jesus' birth (which derives from taking Rev 12 as celestial signage associated with the birth). He doesn't raise any new problems (like the date of Herod's death), but treats them in more detail than most. He does a good job. The problem is that the consensus date of Herod's death (4 BC) and the one needed for the Sept 11 3 BC date (1 BC) are the same date. Recent research (especially in coins from the Herodian period) show that each date derives from different dating systems. In other words, this objection is vapor. But going through Adair's detailed rebuttal will take time.
A post discussing the general incoherence of Bart Ehrman's thesis that the NT contrives the deity of Christ, and that such contrivance is demonstrable via textual criticism. Not only does Ehrman completely miss (or deliberately omit) the evidence for "pluriform deity" that is evident in the OT and ANE religions that are the foundation for the two powers in heaven or trinitarian ideas, but even if his few examples are demonstrable corruptions (in the gospels) he's left with an embarrassing question: What about the rest of the New Testament? Even if you concede (and other NT text-critics have not) that scribes altered the gospels in a handful of places to make Jesus God, he has no such text-critical evidence for the rest of the NT. That's hardly a coherent case. I could see this one becoming a journal article.
I'd like to get an article published on the impact of ET disclosure on fundamentalist / literalist Christianity. I'd shoot for a military or political science journal, since a couple articles of that nature (What would happen to religion if there was an ET disclosure?) have been published in those sorts of journals. I think of this as my "Brian Scott article" for those of you who have read The Façade.
Since I'm rolling out wish lists here, I'd love to not only produce courses on Egyptian Hieroglyphs and Akkadian (the latter in transliteration), I'd also like to return to offering courses on biblical content. Since this one would involve video, see below.
Morphologically-tagged editions of the major Ugaritic religious epics (Baal Cycle, Keret Epic, that sort of stuff). Morphological tagging = adding grammatical information to each word. It's not hard; it just takes some thought, which takes time.
Morphologically-tagged edition of Ethiopic book of Enoch (1 Enoch. I'd have to learn Ethiopic for this one. The book of Enoch is complete only in Ethiopic. The Greek portions of 1 Enoch are already tagged, but no one has touched Ethiopic. Again, not awfully hard, just time-consuming.
Create a WW2-Cold war database tailored to be useful for UFO research. This would be a database where people, places, events, and documents could be stored for cross-checking. In other words, if you could take fifty serious books on UFO sightings, Paperclip, the military-industrial complex, wingless aircraft projects (Nazi, American, and Canadian), and official government- intelligence inquiries into UFOs and put all the names, dates, places, document titles, and document numbers mentioned in those books into one searchable database, what might you find? I'd definitely need research help for this one.
So where does this leave us? The obstacle to doing most of what you've read it time. I don't have it. The only way to create time is to replace what currently siphons my time.
My goal for 2016 is pretty simple: replace the income generated from my online teaching duties. In other words, I want my part-time job to be writing and teaching for you, not an institution. This is the most immediate path to once again doing useful things for my real audience. But for that to happen, I need monthly financial support from that audience. Here's what you can do.
The effort to raise monthly support began a few months ago with the Naked Bible podcast. The podcast currently brings in between $600-$700 each month. I'm grateful for everyone who is donating $1 or more each month. In the past I resisted ideas like this. My argument was I didn't want to replace church for people and take someone's tithe. To be blunt, that's turned into a lame argument. I've had a lot of listeners tell me that, like it or not, the podcast has become church for them (or at least their small group material). I'll bet I heard that a half dozen times during the academic conferences in Atlanta this past November. I never expected it, but it's changed my thinking. First, I can't control what people do with my content, so why try? Second, I understand why people are doing this more acutely than in the past—they simply aren't learning anything in church. I hate to say it, but it's true. The Sunday morning experience we have culturally called church for generations is losing people with startling regularity. And I'm not talking about teenagers (a different, but related problem). When I meet someone who's tired of playing church, who's tired of not learning Scripture, I'm not going to debate them about how they fill that gap. I shouldn't resist the fact that they are doing what they can to feed themselves and others. If my content does that for people, as either supplement or replacement, so be it. Trey feels the same way, so we are going to be making an effort to grow the podcast.
In addition, once Peeranormal starts, I'll be hoping that listeners will support that podcast as well.
The math is pretty simple. If I had five hundred people support me at $5 per month, the equivalent of a latte per month, I could quit my online teaching jobs (and pay Trey something for his work). That gives me my time back. If I had two thousand people give me $5 a month, I could do what I do full-time and hire an assistant. It's just numbers. But enough people have to care. I'm hoping a new development will encourage people to get on board.
Three years ago someone out there in my audience (Greg Lyle), approached me with an idea. Actually, it was more of a challenge. Greg insisted that I start a non-profit that would allow me to devote more time to doing what I do, potentially even full-time. He offered to pay for the entire process, which included hiring a firm that prepares non-profit applications for states and the IRS and the expected fees. Since his business experience is in the financial sector, he told me he would use that experience to raise funds so that I wouldn't be tied down doing that sort of thing (no doubt he sensed I'd be inept at it). To be blunt, I couldn't wrap my mind around the value exchange. Maybe it's because I'm Pennsylvania Dutch (German). Maybe it's because my background is blue collar. It felt like taking something for nothing, or that I was putting myself before the local church. I know in my head that neither of those is the case. Pastors of course make their living via donations. So do lots of other ministries. I've just never looked at myself that way. I do what I know God wants me to do. It's no more complicated than that. But I've hit a wall in being able to do things I know I not only can do, but need to do.
Greg was more to the point: "Every year millions of people give millions of dollars to causes they care about—do you want people to give money to Joel Osteen or you?" Despite his compelling logic, I put him off for two years. But he wouldn't let it die. Finally last November (2014) we met in San Diego where the academic meetings were being held. We went to sessions together and talked a lot about it. I finally told him that if he cared that much about the idea, he had my blessing. I had homework in less than 24 hours. It took months to produce all the paperwork, form a board, and jump through all the necessary hoops. I can now report, as of last week, that I have a bona fide 501c3 non-profit approved by the IRS.
One of my conditions to all this was that my name not be in the title. I also didn't want words like "ministry" in it. I do a lot outside the "churchy" box. We decided to call the non-profit Miqlat (a Hebrew term that means "haven"). If you've read my novels, particularly The Portent, that name ought to be familiar. I can't say much more about the name lest I put spoilers in here. I know this will be easier for Portent readers to parse than others, but I'll give it a shot.
The first and most obvious question concerns what the non-profit is for. The short answer is "to give Mike time to produce the sorts of useful things that he produces now—with much more regularity and perhaps exponentially." The non-profit is aimed at helping me do the things described in this post and to pay competent people who help me do what I do. My hope is that it will give me my time back so that I can produce content you all can use and disseminate. Put another way, it's to repeat the experience of the Go Fund Me campaign, but in a more permanent sense. I can't tell you how fulfilling it was to pay the folks who helped me produce the bibliography. It was a project I never thought would be completed. The response changed my thinking.
By way of illustration, if I had the time I could produce two books a year, have more than one weekly podcast, and do something in video every week. I could engage the audience a lot more than I'm capable of doing now. I'd love my content in all areas to live in video. I'd love to return to biblical theology (and 1 Enoch) classes in MEMRA with video and include 4-5 hours of face time with MEMRA students via a video chat service. It would be great to spend some time every day on social media or my blog. I will likely start by creating video content for email list subscribers or those who donate to Miqlat. But this is the ground floor, so I'm still thinking about it.
Ultimately, though, I think of Miqlat in much wider, far-reaching terms. My life's goal is to write books and produce the equivalent of a seminary education in video. (My idea of what seminary should do, at least academically, is quite different than what happens now—in part because of what follows). I'd like millions of words and hundreds of hours video to exist on a thumb drive to just give away someday. Why? Because I think the day is approaching (faster than I used to think) where the serious Church will not be able to function publicly.
If you follow my work, you know I'm not a "wacky, capital-C conspiracist." I deal with reality and what can be documented. I care about data, not speculation. I don't equate my imagination with factual reality. It's certainly "documentable" that we're living at a time when points of doctrine or exegesis are already being labeled as hate speech. It's not hard to see how preaching the exclusivity of the gospel and refusing to turn biblical theology into something culturally palatable being lumped into that. Political correctness is strangling the freedom to tell the truth. I've seen polls from reliable agencies that do that sort of thing reveal that a startlingly high percentage of the population thinks freedom of speech and religion should be curtailed. It would be easy for a hostile federal government to deny a Christian college or seminary the ability to accept student loans—which would torpedo most of the institutions in those categories in short order. The same goes for churches and their tax-exempt status. I don't see circumstances getting better. We live in a post-Christian culture and we need to face up to it. And the answer isn't politics. Believers need to ask themselves a serious question: If we didn't have buildings, budgets, paid staff, nurseries, etc., how would the believing community do what the Lord has commanded it to do? Believe it or not, in the future we're going to need to function in an environment of intolerance. That means teaching and training in "off the radar" ways. All this may be decades away, but it's wise to be thinking of what that would mean now.
For my part, what I can do for the believing community is produce content. Without getting into the specifics of my own story, I believe that's why I'm alive. It's helped me be willing to take the consequences of caring only about the text. I turn 53 soon, so I figure I have 20-25 years to be seriously productive (Lord willing). That's where Miqlat comes in.
In The Portent, Miqlat is an intentionally off-the-radar group of people who, for one reason or another, can't function in the organized, normal church—and they're fine with that. Their philosophy is if you see something Jesus would do to help someone, especially in crisis, don't ask permission or take it to a committee—just do it. In the story, that's frequently dangerous (I've already had people ask me if that Miqlat exists—and if not, it should in their view).
The fictional Miqlat does have real-life parallels. "Fern" and "Audrey," for instance, have counterparts in the Miqlat of The Portent. They aren't the only ones, either. The main character, Brian Scott (who is basically me), is taken in by this group. For reasons propelled by the story, his inclusion is overtly providential, and his contribution is what he knows about Scripture. The other members all bring something different to the group. Miqlat is therefore a metaphor for a network of believers committed to being the Church rather than attending a weekly event in a building referred to by that noun. Each of them has something unique to offer—and they do. They are uncompromisingly loyal to each other and to what they do. Over the years some of the most committed Christians I know have given up on church and just started their own ministry and do what they can to teach themselves. I sense there are a lot of folks in this audience like that. I want my Miqlat to be a resource for believers who are doing what needs to be done whether it's recognized by a denomination or minister or not—because at some point none of that is going to matter. My role is to produce useful content (my area of strength), find others who can help me do that, and put serious, trustworthy believers doing all sorts of things that need to be done in touch with kindred spirits. Perhaps I will say more about the analogies I see in a future post. But the spoiler risk is high. I'm not sure that captures the idea. If not, I can take a whack at it some other time. If you've read The Portent, I trust it doesn't require much more explanation.
To wrap up, I need your help to be productive. My ability to produce useful things is directly linked to freeing up time. It's that simple. I want my lost 15-20 hrs a week back. That's what I hope is my reality at the end of 2016. If that happens, maybe someday it will be full-time. If people don't support the effort with donations, I will in turn be unable to produce. What I do will never be more than the trickle it presently is.
In practical terms, the podcast(s) will be folded into the non-profit. We'll be adding a page on my website for Miqlat and coming up with a general way (outside the podcasts) to take contributions. They will all be tax deductible. I'm not sure yet (have to ask an accountant), but it may be possible to provide tax-deductible receipt to those who have already contributed to the podcast. I'll keep you posted. If you want to help now, you can do so via the Patreon link at the Naked Bible podcast. Please tell your friends about what we're trying to do here.


text:
John Christopher Willis
John Christopher Willis FRS (20 February 1868 – 21 March 1958) was an English botanist known for his Age and Area hypothesis and criticism of natural selection.[1][2]
(1868-02-20)20 February 1868
21 March 1958(1958-03-21) (aged 90)
University College, Liverpool
Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Fellow of the Royal Society[1]
Darwin-Wallace Medal (Silver, 1958)
Royal Botanical Gardens, Peradeniya
3 Age and Area
3.1 The Course of Evolution
EducationEdit
Born in Liverpool, he was educated at University College, Liverpool and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.[3]
In 1896 Willis was appointed director of the Royal Botanical Gardens, Peradeniya, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) until 1912 when he was appointed director of the botanic gardens at Rio de Janeiro. He was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1897, and a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1919.[1] His notable publications include "A Manual and Dictionary of the Flowering Plants and Ferns" in two volumes and "Age and Area: A Study of Geographical Distribution and Origin of Species", published in 1922. He returned to Cambridge in 1915, and later went to live in Montreux, Switzerland. He died in 1958 at the age of 90 and was posthumously awarded the Darwin–Wallace Medal by the Linnean Society.
Age and AreaEdit
Age and Area, by J. C. Willis
Willis formed the Age and Area hypothesis during botanical field work in Ceylon where he studied the distributional patterns of the Ceylonese vascular plants in great detail.[4] According to his hypothesis the extent of range of a species may be used as an indication of the age of that species. He also maintained that the "dying out" of species occurs rarely, and that new forms arise by mutation rather than by local adaptation through natural selection.[5] Willis defined his hypothesis as:
The area occupied at any given time, in any given country, by any group of allied species at least ten in number, depends chiefly, so long as conditions remain reasonably constant, upon the ages of the species of that group in that country, but may be enormously modified by the presence of barriers such as seas, rivers, mountains, changes of climates from one region to the next, or other ecological boundaries, and the like, also by the action of man, and by other causes.[6]
The Dutch botanist and geneticist Hugo de Vries supported the hypothesis, however it was criticised by the American palaeontologist Edward W. Berry who wrote it was contradicted by palaeontological evidence.[7] Edmund W. Sinnott rejected the hypothesis and wrote "other factors than age share in the area occupied by a species". According to Sinnott factors inherent in the plant such as hardiness, adaptability and growth play an important part in determining distribution.[8][9] Willis published the book Age and Area. A Study in Geographical Distribution and Origin of Species in 1922. The American entomologist Philip P. Calvert documented examples of the geographical distribution of insects that contradicted the hypothesis in a paper in 1923.[10] On the subject in 1924, Berry wrote:
Willis' ideas, it seems to me, are embalmed in a very complicated style, and he makes a great many assertions which are not and can not be substantiated. He claims that the distribution of any species of plant or animal is due solely to the length of time that the species has been in existence, and is not at all dependent on any advantages which it may possess in such matters as production, viability, or dispersal of seeds. Success in life is not dependent on the character of the roots, the nature of the conducting or storage tissues, the form and character of the leaves, the nature of the flowers, or on any other morphological or physiological structures or functions, but is solely a matter of age. In other words, Willis does not believe in those processes which may be grouped under the term adaptation, and he, of course, has no use for natural selection.[11]
In 1924, the American botanist Merritt Lyndon Fernald wrote that studies on floras of the northern hemisphere do not support the Age and Area hypothesis.[12] Willis responded to the early criticisms and stated that his critics such as Berry and Sinnott had misrepresented his hypothesis. Willis claimed that his hypothesis should not be applied to single species but to groups of allied species. He wrote there was no rival hypothesis to his own to explain the botanical data and that his hypothesis had made successful predictions about flora distribution in New Zealand.[13]
The American ecologist H. A. Gleason praised the hypothesis for being testable in the field of phytogeography but came to the conclusion that it could not account for migration data.[14] In 1926 Willis wrote a paper defending his hypothesis and responded to the criticism.[15] Most scientists however had rejected the hypothesis for various reasons and according to the historian of science Charles H. Smith "The "age and area" theory attracted some interest for about twenty years, but support for it was clearly on the wane by the time of Willis's late books The Course of Evolution and The Birth and Spread of Plants (though each of these works contained some interesting ideas)."[16]
The Course of EvolutionEdit
Willis published a controversial book on evolution The Course of Evolution by Differentiation Or Divergent Mutation Rather Than by Selection (1940) which was a sequel to his Age and Area. Willis questioned the adequacy of natural selection of chance variations as a major factor in evolution. He supported mutations as the main mechanism of evolution, and chromosome alterations to be largely responsible for mutations. He opposed Darwinian gradualism and favoured saltational evolution.[17] The American ichthyologist Carl Leavitt Hubbs reviewed the book claiming Willis was advocating a form of orthogenesis:
Convinced of the failure of natural selection to explain the facts of evolution, distribution, ecology and economic botany, Willis has turned to a compelling internal force, which, "working upon some definite law that we do not yet comprehend" forces a whole population to vary in the same direction. Rather unwisely he names this force "'differentiation (orthogenesis)," and regards it as "a kind of compromise" between special creation and natural selection.[18]
The American geneticist Sewall Wright similarly noted that Willis believed evolution was not the result of chance but an orthogenetic drive, and that he was a proponent of saltationism.[19]
The Course of Evolution by Differentiation Or Divergent Mutation Rather Than by Selection
PublicationsEdit
Studies in the Morphology and Ecology of the Podostemaceæ of Ceylon and India (1902)
A Manual and Dictionary of the Flowering Plants and Ferns (1908)
The Distribution of Species in New Zealand (1916)
The Relative Age of Endemic Species and Other Controversial Points (1917)
Age and Area. A Study in Geographical Distribution and Origin of Species (1922)
The Course of Evolution by Differentiation Or Divergent Mutation Rather Than by Selection (1940)
The Birth and Spread of Plants (1949)
The standard author abbreviation Willis is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[20]
^ a b c Turrill, W. B. (1958). "John Christopher Willis 1868-1958". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 4: 353. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1958.0027.
^ Ronald Good. (1951). The Evolutionary Theories of Dr J. C. Willis. New Phytologist, Vol. 50, No. 1. pp. 135–138.
^ "Willis, John Christopher (WLS886JC)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
^ Age and Area. A Study in Geographical Distribution and Origin of Species by J. C. Willis. Taxon, Vol. 20, No. 2/3 (May 1971), p. 371.
^ Edmund W. Sinnott. (1924). Age and Area and the History of Species. American Journal of Botany, Vol. 11, No. 9, pp. 573–578.
^ Age and Area: A Study in Geographical Distribution and Origin of Species by J. C. Willis. Review by: Geo. D. Fuller. Botanical Gazette, Vol. 77, No. 4 (Jun., 1924), pp. 458–459.
^ Edward W. Berry. (1917). A Note on the '"Age and Area" Hypothesis. Science, New Series, Vol. 46, No. 1196, pp. 539–540.
^ Edmund W. Sinnott. (1917). The "Age and Area" Hypothesis of Willis. Science, New Series, Vol. 46, No. 1193), pp. 457–459.
^ E. F. Andrews. (1918). The Relation between Age and Area in the Distribution of Plants. Science, New Series, Vol. 47, No. 1206. pp. 142–143.
^ Philip P. Calvert. (1923). The Geographical Distribution of Insects and the Age and Area Hypothesis of Dr. J. C. Willis. The American Naturalist, Vol. 57, No. 650. pp. 218–229.
^ Edward W. Berry. (1924). Age and Area as Viewed by the Paleontologist. American Journal of Botany, Vol. 11, No. 9. pp. 547–557.
^ Merritt Lyndon Fernald. (1924). Isolation and Endemism in Northeastern America and Their Relation to the Age-and-Area. American Journal of Botany, Vol. 11, No. 9. pp. 558–572.
^ John Christopher Willis. (1918). The Age and Area Hypothesis. Science, New Series, Vol. 47, No. 1226. pp. 626–628
^ H. A. Gleason. (1924). Age and Area from the Viewpoint of Phytogeography. American Journal of Botany, Vol. 11, No. 9. pp. 541–546.
^ John Christopher Willis. (1926). Age and Area. The Quarterly Review of Biology, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 553–571.
^ John Christopher Willis (England 1868–1958)
^ The Course of Evolution by J. C. Willis. Review by: J. M. Beal. Botanical Gazette, Vol. 102, No. 3 (Mar. 1941), p. 638.
^ The Course of Evolution by J. C. Willis. Review by: Carl L. Hubbs. The American Naturalist, Vol. 76, No. 762 (Jan. Feb., 1942), pp. 96–101.
^ The "Age and Area" Concept Extended. The Course of Evolution by Differentiation or Divergent Mutation rather than by Selection by J. C. Willis. Review by: Sewall Wright Ecology, Vol. 22, No. 3 (Jul. 1941), pp. 345–347.
^ IPNI. Willis.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to John Christopher Willis.
J. M. Greenman. (1925). The Age-And-Area Hypothesis with Special Reference to the Flora of Tropical America]. American Journal of Botany, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 189–193.
Arnold Miller. (1997). A New Look at Age and Area: The Geographic and Environmental Expansion of Genera During the Ordovician Radiation. Paleobiology, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 410–419.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Christopher_Willis&oldid=920794450"


text:
Q: When mouse over I want to bring background image to whole div Having issue in my background image when I mouse over to particular div, I want to bring a image, When I a:hover to p1 div.How do I do this? but The image should be in p1 div via, because I need to give anchor tag.
 .product
    {
    width:300px;
    height:auto;
    float:left;
    }

    .p1
    {
    width:300px;
    height:100px;
    float:left;
    background-color:#333333;
    }

    .p1 a
    {
    width:300px;
    height:100px;
    display:block;
    }

   .p1 a:hover
    {
    width:300px;
    height:100px;
    background-image:url(../img/dynamic/girlsproduct-01.png);
    }

A: You can apply a layer in the div without :hover. Example:
.p1  {
background-image: url('transparency.png');
}

.p1  {
background-image: url('theimage.png');
}

It is not common to apply ':hover' to change background. It doesn't seem semantic.But when you use two different values for the same attribute it becomes worse.
You can use JavaScript, maybe JQuery, with a code similar to this:
function() {
   $('#p1').hover(function(){
     $('#p1').css('background-image','url(image.png)');
     });
 });

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Reed Exhibitions Africa, ReedPOP and VS Gaming have announced the local team of comic book artists that are set to set Comic Con Africa 2018 alight.
Comic Con Africa will be hosting some of the local comic book artists at the first African edition of this international phenomenon. The team of local artists that are making it big on a local and international stage includes the likes of Jason Masters, Sean Izaakse, Warren Louw, Bill Masuku and Moray Rhoda.
Jason Masters, a Johannesburg based comic book artists, began his career in commercial advertising and went on to work as a professional comic book artist for DC, Marvel, and Dynamite Comics.
Masters' early work includes Human Target and Red, a comic series penned by Warren Ellis, for Wildstorm Studios, an imprint of DC. He went on to work on various Batman titles, including Legends of the Dark Knight, Batwoman, Batman Incorporated, and Nightwing. For Marvel he worked on Guardians of the Galaxy, Wolverines, and X-Men. His biggest gig arrived in 2015, when he was handpicked by comics legend, Warrren Ellis, to handle the artwork as ongoing series artist on Dynamite's high-profile relaunch of the James Bond comic book, the first all-new 007 comic series in over 20 years. The series, under the helm of Ellis and Masters, has received popular and critical acclaim and is currently one of Dynamite Comics bestselling new series. His latest comic, Caster, stars Common, Actor, film producer, poet and American hip hop recording artist.
Johannesburg based Sean Izaakse adds his presence to the team having worked as a freelance illustrator and comic artist for the last 8 years. An artist on Pathfinder comics for Dynamite Entertainment and contributed artwork to various RPG's like Mutants & Masterminds by Green Ronin Publishing. Izaakse is the artist and co-creator, along with writer Vito Delsante, of the creator-owned series Stray from Action Lab Entertainment. Sean has been doing work for MARVEL comics over the past two years on titles such as The Thunderbolts, Avengers, Deadpool, The Uncanny Avengers and is currently the artist on MARVEL's "The Champions" comic series.
Also on the team is Bill Masuku who is a 25 year old comic book artist and writer – born and raised in Harare, Zimbabwe. Masuku is the founder of Enigma Comix Africa, as well as the creator of Razor-Man and Captain South Africa. The former of his works has gained him growing acclaim in his hometown spearheading the local comic industry forward. The latter debuted in January (at a convention in Cape Town) and the titular super heroine is set to move forward with themes of social justice, inequality, discrimination.
As one of the most celebrated artists from South Africa, Warren Louw, brings a new element to the team. Louw is a Louw is a freelance illustrator and character designer. He is self-taught and works in both traditional and digital media. His ability to create images with meticulous detail and imagination has gained considerable attention internationally with over 2 million pageviews on his DeviantArt account alone. He has also attended San Diego Comic Con and La Mole Mexico. as a special guest artist. Well recognised for his mastery of renditions of beautiful women and a perfectionist in his illustrations, his work has been featured in print publications such as ImagineFX Magazine, various UDON Entertainment Tribute Art books, Ballistic Publishing's Exotique, Photoshop Essentials, Masters of Anatomy and 21 Draw. He has also created comic covers for UDON's Street Fighter, Street Fighter vs. Darkstalkers. IDW Comics' G.I. Joe, Danger Girl, and DC Comics' Power Girl, Harley Quinn, Justice League, Green Lanterns and Batman. He has also done conceptual work for Longship Armoury, Phoenix Age Gaming and Bandai Namco.
Completing the team is Moray Rhoda – a Cape Town based instigator of independent comics in South Africa and is currently the Head of Animation at CityVarsity Cape Town. He was one of the founding members of the Igubu Comic Book Collective and was the man behind Insurrection Studios in the early 2000s. Moray is a contributing member to SECTOR, South Africa's only on-going bi-monthly comic and is also associated with producing and creating content for The Lil5 comic and the Australian/SA collab, Velocity Graphic Anthology. Moray and team Velocity hosted the first SA comic panel at San Diego Comic Con in 2013 (and a follow up panel in 2014).
The Comic Con Africa experience will include the Artist Alley – a space for independent artists who are producing original artwork in the form of comics, prints, posters and self-published novels, and books.


"Custom built home on 32 acres with panoramic mountain views! Nearly 1 mile of private, cleared hiking trails just outside your back door. Main level living with high end finishes. Dramatic 2 story family room with beamed ceilings and high arched windows bring the mountain views inside. Stone fireplaces in family room, lower level, and screened porch. Main floor master suite with huge spa shower. Private home office and formal dining room. The kitchen is a chefs dream with 6 burner gas Thermador cooktop and Dacor wall ovens, warming drawer, microwave, Sub Zero refrigerator, wine refrigerator and Bosch dishwasher. The breakfast area walks out to screened porch with fireplace. The deck wraps across the back and connects to the master suite. The fully finished lower level has family room, recreation area, bar and wine room plus three more bedrooms and a full bath. Walk out to paver patio with hot tub. 2 car attached plus 3 car detached garages. New roof and gutters. Enjoy nature and gorgeous sunsets!"
"Picturesque 1776 Stone Farmhouse on 25 rolling acres with a pond, large older barn w/ 2 silos. 3BR, 2 baths, 3 wood fireplaces- 2 with inserts, a screened in porch. Perfect to enjoy gorgeous country views. Separate detached guest cottage has 2 newly remodeled suites each with their own kitchen & full bath formerly a successful B&B. Mature trees and landscape, stone walls, outbuildings and privacy abound. (Adjacent 27 acre parcel available separately if more land is needed), This lot is 25 acres. Auto watering and 3 board fencing set up"
"Must see!! Magnificent home situated on over 5 acres of cleared land. Custom upgrades and finishes throughout. The gourmet kitchen is a Chef's dream! Boasts dual custom designed oversized islands, granite counters, stainless steel appliances and eat-in space. Huge family room off kitchen is adorned with a stunning stone fireplace and vaulted ceiling with skylights. All bathrooms have been remodeled and whole house freshly painted. Upper level master retreat with en suite spa bath and dual sided fireplace. Newly finished lower level includes full bath and walks out to the amazing backyard. Enjoy relaxing in the large, chlorine free pool or entertain on the custom stone patio with built-in fireplace. Enjoy serene living with nearby access to major routes, shopping, dining and entertainment!"
"Live in VA Wine Country! This gorgeous 4,400 sq. ft. log & stone home with heating in-ground pool is an established as a B&B (zoned residential/commercial) in Hillsboro. Private setting just off Rt 9 with stunning mountain views. Warm wood flooring and log walls throughout. Multiple gathering spaces including your own tasting bar, lounge, family rooms and game room. In the winter you can snuggle up by one of the wood stoves or the stone fireplace. Come spring and summer, enjoy yourself poolside or on the covered front porch. Basement level includes a space for a home gym with separate entrance. Check out the Virtual Tour!Home is currently being used as a family house with the separable upstairs guest rooms rented to Airbnb guests on weekends. Views of wine country abound."
"This house has loads of space- main level large master suite with sitting room, gas fireplace and spacious spa bath. large 2 story great room with stone gas fireplace and open concept to kitchen area. Patio off kitchen area leads to 5 acre private level yard with pond way off to the side. Gourmet kitchen has double ovens, granite counters. Built in speaker system. Large dining and living rooms. Laundry off kitchen. Upper level has 4 large bedrooms with 2 Jack and Jill baths. Lower level is unfinished and huge. Walk out step to rear yard just waiting for your nice finishes. Private country oasis near local vineyards and local farm to fork restaurants that are minutes away."