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Football statistics for Cagliari
Summary Match Schedule Match Results Squads Top Scorers & Assists Standings
Serie B Coppa Italia
Serie B - Upcoming Matches
03/02/2023 Modena v.s. Cagliari
11/02/2023 Cagliari v.s. Benevento
18/02/2023 Bari 1908 v.s. Cagliari
25/02/2023 Venezia v.s. Cagliari
01/03/2023 Cagliari v.s. Genoa
Serie B - Last Matches
27/01/2023 Cagliari 2 : 1 SPAL W
21/01/2023 Cittadella 0 : 0 Cagliari D
14/01/2023 Cagliari 2 : 0 Como W
26/12/2022 Cagliari 2 : 0 Cosenza W
18/12/2022 Palermo 2 : 1 Cagliari L
Overall 22 8 8 6
Home 12 7 3 2
Home 25% 67% 8%
11/12/2022 Cagliari 3 : 2 Perugia W
07/12/2022 Ternana 1 : 0 Cagliari L
03/12/2022 Cagliari 1 : 1 Parma D
27/11/2022 Frosinone 2 : 2 Cagliari D
12/11/2022 Cagliari 1 : 1 Pisa D
05/11/2022 Südtirol 2 : 2 Cagliari D
29/10/2022 Cagliari 1 : 1 Reggina D
24/10/2022 Ascoli 2 : 1 Cagliari L
15/10/2022 Cagliari 2 : 1 Brescia W
07/10/2022 Genoa 0 : 0 Cagliari D
01/10/2022 Cagliari 1 : 4 Venezia L
17/09/2022 Cagliari 0 : 1 Bari 1908 L
10/09/2022 Benevento 0 : 2 Cagliari W
02/09/2022 Cagliari 1 : 0 Modena W
27/08/2022 SPAL 1 : 0 Cagliari L
21/08/2022 Cagliari 2 : 1 Cittadella W
13/08/2022 Como 1 : 1 Cagliari D
05/03/2023 Brescia v.s. Cagliari
10/03/2023 Cagliari v.s. Ascoli
18/03/2023 Reggina v.s. Cagliari
01/04/2023 Cagliari v.s. Südtirol
10/04/2023 Pisa v.s. Cagliari
15/04/2023 Cagliari v.s. Frosinone
22/04/2023 Parma v.s. Cagliari
01/05/2023 Cagliari v.s. Ternana
06/05/2023 Perugia v.s. Cagliari
13/05/2023 Cagliari v.s. Palermo
19/05/2023 Cosenza v.s. Cagliari
Gastón Rodrigo Pereiro López
Leonardo Pavoletti
Gianluca Lapadula
Vincenzo Millico
Zito André Sebastiao Luvumbo
Adam Griger
Jacopo Desogus
Marko Rog
Alessandro Deiola
Paolo Pancrazio Faragò
Filippo Falco
Nicolas Viola
Nunzio Lella
Nahitan Michel Nández Acosta
Antoine Makoumbou
Isaias Del Pupo
Nicolò Cavuoti
Christos Kourfalidis
Edoardo Goldaniga
Giorgio Altare
Elio Capradossi
Alberto Dossena
Alessandro Di Pardo
Gabriele Zappa
Salvatore Boccia
Franco Ezequiel Carboni
Adam Obert
Luigi Palomba
Davide Veroli
Francesco Zallu
Boris Radunović
Simone Aresti
Giuseppe Ciocci
Eldin Lolic
Velizar-Iliya Svetozarov Iliev
More about Cagliari
What is Cagliari?
Cagliari is a football team from Italy. They were founded in 1920. Today they are playing in Serie B.
What are the standings of Gli Isolani?
Casteddu is currently in 6th place in Serie B. They have 32 points in 22 matches, which averages 1.45 points per match. From the 22 matches played, they have won 8, drawn 8 and lost 6 matches. They have scored 27 goals and conceded 24 goals.
At home, Rossoblù is currently in 2nd place. They have 24 points in 12 matches, which averages 2 points per match. From the 12 matches at home, they have won 7, drawn 3 and lost 2 matches. At home, they have scored 18 goals and conceded 13 goals.
Away, I Sardi is currently in 19th place. They have 8 points in 10 matches, which averages 0.8 points per match. From the 10 matches at away, they have won 1, drew 5 and lost 4 matches. At away they have scored 9 goals and conceded 11 goals.
What were the results of Cagliari?
Last match, Gli Isolani played Home against SPAL. They have win the match 2 - 1, which means they are currently sitting in 6th place in Serie B.
What are the next matches of Casteddu?
Next, Rossoblù plays in Serie B, on 03/02/2023 - 19:30. They will be playing away against Modena.
Who is the Top Scorer of I Sardi?
In Serie B, Cagliari has 27 goals. 9 of the goals were scored by their top scorer, Gianluca Lapadula. Leonardo Pavoletti, with 5 goals as their 2nd best goals scorer and Zito André Sebastiao Luvumbo with 3 goals as their 3rd best goals scorer.
Who is the Top Assists provider of Gli Isolani?
In Serie B, Casteddu has 27 goals. From these, 3 were assisted by their top assists provider, Christos Kourfalidis. Nahitan Michel Nández Acosta with 2 assists is their 2nd best assists provided and Vincenzo Millico with 2 assists is their 3rd best assists provided.


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Fliplife: A new Idea requires new Thinking
Category: August 2012 - Game-based Marketing & Cust Loyalty
Fliplife could be described as a 2.0 version of the classic parlour game. You meet up with friends, mastering tasks sometimes against each other, sometimes as a team. The individual players compete with each other playfully, chat, and make friends. This all takes place in a domestic environment - a (digital) home. You can create a whole new life just by playing that browser game. You can choose what career path you want to pursue, play sports in your free time or even own a mansion. Make friends as you play with hundreds of others and maybe even become the most famous person in the world.
There are several careers to choose from when starting a character in Fliplife. Depending on what career choice you make, you will progress differently through the world and have different jobs. For completing jobs, also known as projects, in Fliplife, you will gain experience and money. The experience will help you go to the next level and by leveling you will be able to do newer, more difficult projects. Money will open up new things for you to buy such as clothes, shoes or even a house.
Fliplife also features the option to create a relationship. By interacting with other people, you can change their status depending on how much you do with them.
If you were to compare Fliplife with existing games, then it would be most likely a combination of "The Sims" and "Farmville." The players "flip" from real life to the virtual world and are dedicated to their online career. Just as in the real world, Fliplife is based on a sophisticated infrastructure. Only those who work regularly and climb the career ladder can afford housing (depending on income a tent or a villa), the latest fashion trends, or partying. In addition to the virtual enterprise in the game, Fliplife is a wonderful world for the representation of businesses, their processes, and thus also a recruiting tool for the real life.
The social game can help companies with their image or with their efforts to exploit valuable information. It could help finding solutions to their urging questions, such as:
How to reach future talent?
How to ensure an authentic corporate identity?
What is the next social media issue?
What catches on with young people?
The tasks that have to be completed within the selected profession categories reflect the main business areas of real companies, providing an ideal starting point for recruiting processes and public relations. And the user can learn casually and hands-on in what a company is investing in, what are its core values, business ethics etc., giving background information on the company and project.
Fliplife" is therefore not an attempt to simply replicate the real world in the virtual world. Rather, the idea is to create a canvas to showcase the brands and companies to a young online-affine audience and interacting with them in a playful and easy way. That's gamification at its best!
By Daniela La Marca
August 2012 - Game-based Marketing & Cust Loyalty
Item-Selling based Payment Model soars in Asia Pacific
Deloitte: Tech Trends 2012 - Gaming gets Serious
What can be learnt from Toy Designers and the Gaming Industry
Overview of available Gamification Platforms
Game Design in the Enterprise 2012
Trends, Challenges and Strategies for Consumer Gamification in 2012
Social Games – Marketing Platform of the Future
Popularity of Social Games is skyrocketing and conquering Tablets
Free-to-Play (F2P) Games from a Business Perspective
Skrill's Top 5 Payment Methods in Online-Games
Foldit: Solving Scientific Problems with Gamification
What to keep in Mind when evaluating Gamification Platforms
Gaining Customer Loyalty in e-Commerce with Games
The Mobile Value Chain Challenge: How the Mobile Wallet is a Game Changer
Gabe Zichermann on the Game Mechanics of Customer Loyalty
What's needed for a good Gamification Marketing Strategy
Gamification used by SAP to engage and motivate Gen Y
20 Elements of a Gamification Marketing Strategy
Social Game-based Marketing breeds Success as a hot Marketing Platform
How to Engineer User Behaviour with the Desire Engine
Gigya: Providing the Key for Winning the Game with Social Game Mechanics
CrowdTwist Gamification Platform: Incentivizing Engagement, Recognizing Individuals and Rewarding Impact
mig33's Business of making Friends
Legal Aspects of Social Media Gamification
BUZZword: Gamification

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Girlfriends' Guides
Vicki's Turn
BECOME A GIRLFRIEND
Category: Advice Guru
My GMA "Advice Guru" Quest, Please Help
Hey there, Friends!
I'm back at you again, asking for your votes and Facebook "Likes" in my quest to be Good Morning America's "Advice Guru."A tweet now and then couldn't hurt either, but no pressure.
I'm not too proud to beg at this point. Just tell me what you want in return; a foot rub, to borrow my clothes, to have me care for your aging parent or write your kid's college application essay. I am not above groveling and pandering 'cuz I know doing this during the holidays is a fun as hair removal. But think, if I get the job, I will stay out of your hair and send you swag from ABC, like t shirts and mugs and pictures of Sam Champion, the Weather Anchor.
Just click on this red button! Easy, right? Then click the Like box (if you're a FB member, and who isn't these days?) and scroll to the end of my advice and rate is as high as you dare without feeling like a total sell-out (a "4" rating would be worth a cuticle push from me.) You can send me your payback demands at the end of January, when they announce the winner. Love, Vicki
Help Make Me "Advice Guru" for ABC's Good Morning America!
I'm a finalist for the job of "Advice Guru" for ABC's Good Morning America. There are 20 finalists, I want the job sooo much. I REALLY need your support! Please start asap! It will only take you a few minutes.
1. VOTE for Me on the GMA Website Please vote for my first advice as an Advice Guru contestant to a GMA viewer. Voting is on the second page, vote "4".
2. JOIN the Make-Vicki-Iovine-GMA-Advice Guru Facebook Page (comment and hit the LIKE button)
3. FOLLOW Me on Twitter (Kill me now! Tweeting! But I do really want the job)
www.twitter.com/vickiiovine
4.TWEET About It! If you tweet please support me, and let GMA know you're doing it @gma!
Watch My GMA Pitch
I'll keep you posted, and let you know what else you can do!
With gratitude, Vicki
The REAL Secret for Staying Married: Separate Rooms
A couple of Fridays ago I wrote about those moments right before I fall asleep that scare me and bring up the loneliness of being newly-divorced. The responses were many and broke down into four categories.
1. Get a dog (or cat or something else with a pulse that didn't back-sass.)
2. Smoke pot, take herbs, listen to white noise.
3. Avoid pills at all costs, particularly Ambien.
4. Stop your whining and go to sleep already!
It's #4 that particularly interested me because most of the people who thought I was a big fat baby were married women (and some men) who no longer sleep with their spouses. Most of my friends and acquaintances follow my blogs, which is usually great, but occasionally humiliating (I think they've organized a phone tree to make sure I don't kill myself between the hours of 10pm and 2pm because of that last blog. Just kidding again, you guys!) In the ensuing couple of weeks since that post on sleeping single they have been coming up to me and phoning and emailing me about their own experiences. read more ›
We've Forgotten How To Mourn
Most of us don't get very far in life without experiencing the death of someone we love. And by mid-life, where I currently reside, people seem to be kicking off at an alarming rate as parents, mentors even, God forbid, people our own age or younger pass away. That is certainly true for me, having lost my beloved grandparents, my father and my only sibling, a younger brother in the past decade. I've gone to more funerals than I wanted to and fewer than I should have, but I still have such uncertainty about grief and mourning.
Being a fifth-generation Californian, I have almost no heritage or tradition that is more than fifty years old. Sure, I am culturally informed enough to roast a turkey at Thanksgiving and that sort of thing, but as to the BIG issues, like the meaning of life and death and the framework in which to place them still has me all bollixed up. My Iowa-born mother saw to our Presbyterian baptisms and we attended Sunday School, but our parents just dropped us off there and picked us up after they'd enjoyed a free hour to read the Sunday paper without kids.read more ›
Girlfriends' Guide To Divorced Parents: Hey Kids, Wanna Have A Sleepover With Daddy's New Friend?
We may be divorcing, but the father of my kids is still one of the funniest guys I know. He and I were talking on the phone recently and he explained his concept of the 5,000 Mile Rule: neither of us can date anyone who lives nearer than 5,000 miles from our homes in Los Angeles to protect everyone's feelings — especially the dates', because our kids are ages fifteen to twenty-one and they would torment them or embarrass them publicly. So, until I finish writing my next book in December, I'm all alone on weekends, but come January I'll be off to look for Dmitri or Colin or Sancho. As for him, his business in Europe seems to be expanding rapidly and demanding a lot of his time.
For parents of very young children, however, getting the needs of the parents to coincide with the best interests of the children is usually fraught with agony all the way around. We all say we would do anything for our kids, including die for them, but when push comes to shove, most of us resist being inconvenienced, lonely or horny for their sakes.
Global Warming: How Having Teenagers Makes Me An Expert On Developing Countries
It's no coincidence that I waited till the Huffington Post moved all the environmental stuff out of the Living section before I began posting for it. Call me anything, but never call me "earnest," please. My ecological philosophy goes something like this: Don't be a pig and clean up your mess to your best ability. Enough said. Reading about carbon footprints just makes me feel guilty and insignificant, particularly now that the G8 meeting is coming to an end in Italy. I may be squinting at under-lit labels in my pantry because I'm using CFL's and I may be driving a hybrid, but what difference does that make when India and China haven't even gone through puberty, let alone been invited to the dance. The developed countries have all agreed to a "goal" to limit global warming to no more than 2 degrees, but the hormonal and exceedingly populated developing countries have been trying to act invisible during this part of the summit.
Who can blame them? They haven't had their Bruce Springsteen moments yet.
They feel born to run and are just itching for affordable cars so that Wendy can wrap her legs 'round these velvet rims. We developed (and I use this term loosely) folks orgiastically indulged in the freedom and sex appeal of cars and now that we're middle-aged and no longer capable of rising to those emotions, we can't understand why everyone doesn't embrace moderation. As the mother of four kids, ages Learner's Permit to Legal Alcohol Limit, I get the rising titans' reluctance to restrict their appetites for the stuff all teenagers want. I don't believe that there is a single hybrid in the senior parking lot of my kids' high school that isn't either a pretend fuel economizer (like a Lexus GS450h or the hybrid Tahoe) or their mother's. Left to their own devices, youths choose fast and big every time. Even if it required a coal-burning engine and a gas mask, teens and China would drive if they could.read more ›
Girlfriends' Guide To Very Personal Grooming: Business Above The Belt, Party Down Below
I am a fastidious woman. Not an obsessive woman. Not a helplessly narcissistic woman. Just fastidious. My every day routine includes flossing, leg and pit shaving, hair washing and conditioning, pumicing my feet, applying sunblock and clean clothes. You will never find me picking the jeans I wore yesterday off the floor and slipping them back on today. Nor will you see me with my roots grown an inch from my scalp. Not that there's anything wrong with doing it differently, in fact the hair thing is rather stylish for blondes sometimes, but it's just not me. Nails done every two weeks, hair colored every three weeks and haircut every four. So when I noticed last winter that a person (this person) does not only get gray hair on her curtains, but that sooner or later it's bound to show up on her carpet (like nearly a decade later!), I did what any fastidious woman would do–I consulted my Girlfriends.read more ›
Advice Guru
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© Vicki Iovine 2019
+ site by lightray


I'm a local and professional full-time wedding photographer based in the breathtaking Chew Valley, Somerset.
I specialise in beautiful creative documentary wedding photography and provide a personable and friendly service, getting to know you along the way, so that you're comfortable having your photograph taken, and your wedding photography is heartfelt and shows you exactly as you are. Your experience is just as important to me as the images.
This ethos was reflected in the business cards we produced for Helen.


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Q: Changing a list vector to numeric, with NAs in correlation test - R I have a large data set with 601 columns and 185 rows where I need to get a correlation coefficient for each column 1:600 with the column 601 and store those correlations somewhere.
To do this I have done the following code
x=sr3coco[,601]
y=sr3coco[,1:600]

corr.values <- vector("list", 600)
for (i in 1:length(y) ) {
  cor.values[[i]] <- cor.test(x, y [[i]], method="s")
}

However! My y variable has a lot of NA's in it so R is recognising y as a list vector and I need it to be numeric in order to do the correlation test and I can't figure out how to make it ignore the NAs and just correlate with the values which are there! Please help me, bare in mind that I am an R newbie.
Here are a few rows of what x and y look like
x - 1.22E-01,   -5.95E-01,  -1.90E+00,  -8.36E-01,  4.13E-01
y-  NA,        NA,  1.83E+00,   4.40E-01,   2.11E-01

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


So, a couple of days ago I received my Spring Luxebox. I haven't been overly pleased with them. When you receive four a year, it's important that each one is full of stuff you can use, yourself. I've had too many products that don't suit my skin-tone. Also, products a few products that were repeats.
This never used to be the case with Luxebox, so I've cancelled. I'm going to try Ipsy bag for a while, starting in April. Also, from the research I did, it's rated better than many other monthly or seasonal boxes.
1. China Glaze Nail Lacquer with Hardeners – Worth $14.00/14 mL – Color is Orangy-Brown with Shimmer — I gave this to my Mom, it suits her Autumn skin-tone well.
2. LARITZY Cosmetics Eye Pencil (Laritzy.com) – Worth $18.00/1g (pencil) – White Shimmer — It's a hard pencil, but a pretty color for tight lining on your bottom lid, and the corner of your eye, if you can soften it enough. So far, not much luck.
3. The Beauty Crop: GRLPWR Liquid Lipstick (@thebeautycrop) — Worth $10.00/14 mL – Deep Burgundy Red — This color was also quite brown. The photo is misleading. I gave it to a girl my Mom works with; it suits her skin-tone much better.
4. MANNAKADAR Beauty: Lash Extending Primer – $24.00/8g – White like most lash primers.
5. Voesh New York: Pedicure in a Box — Green Tea Pedicure – 3 pouches in a box — I've never tried this, but I'm excited too. One great item at least!
6. Professional Sebastian Shaper Plus Extra Hold Hairspray — 1.5 oz for Travel size.
Again, not a bad item unless coconut isn't your favorite scent. I'm not a huge fan. Nevertheless, hand cream is useful, and a great gift, as this is a full-sized product. It works fantastic too. My complaint is that I've received this almost exact same product in four different boxes.
But all in all, a good Luxebox for Spring 2018!
Belinda was a nasty middle-aged woman, but her behaviours were characteristic of someone older.
She was mentally and physically sound; however, the pucker of her frown never left her face. Wrinkles indented themselves deeply into her forehead, around her eyes, and around her mouth; her skin was pasty white.
She pretended to walk feebly; but when a neighbourhood child or dog was near her property she ran out screaming, wearing stodgy Victorian gowns, no skin showing but her face and hands. Her hair was always severely pulled back in a tight bun.
Besides a cat or four, she disliked everyone. She made known she had cut her family out of her will. All her money would go to a stern Catholic congeragation she had terrorized since she was four.
An old trailer and burned-out truck from a cousin who had lived with her, remained on her lawn, even after the cousin disappeared. No one who entered Belinda's house came back out, only her cats.
The neighbours thought this had been occurring for some three-hundred years, having heard the same stories from their great-grandparents and before.
Was Belinda a ghost? A banchee? A witch? No one knew. But every now and then someone disappeared inside her doorway and everyone knew that person wouldn't be returning.
Joshua saw his Papa going out to the brick shed. He saw that Papa left the door ajar. He knew Papa and Nana would be mad at him for taking a look inside the shed, but Joshua couldn't help but peek.
Joshua gazed in awe in the shed. There was an elephant inside, chained up by his leg.
Terrified brown eyes stared down at Joshua as Joshua placed his hands gently on the elephants trunk and started to pet him. The elephant closed his eyes in delight. Joshua whispered to the elephant that he would come back and set it free. He also named the elephant George.
Later, when Nana and Papa thought he was asleep, Joshua went on his phone and called his Dad, who was in disbelief. Everyone went out to the shed the next morning, Papa laughing at Joshua's suggestion that he was keeping an elephant locked inside.
Papa hesitated opening the door and Joshua's Dad took the key from Papa. To Joshua's Dad's surprise when he opened the shed, a great elephant stared down at him sadly. Joshua went and hugged George before his Dad could stop him.
The police and a special vet from the zoo were called out to Papa and Nana's farm and George was set free. Once his chain had been cut off, George trumpeted and began to flap his ears. He waved his head joyfully.
"How could you do this, Dad?" Joshua's Dad asked Papa.
Joshua watched George play, happy George had elephant friends.
A landscape can be a beautiful image. Rundle Park use to be a garbage dump; hence, why it is so hilly. But it is a great park to go for a walk through, to take your kids to play on a play ground, has trails to bike on, and is a lovely place to play with your pup. It is most beautiful in fall when you can see all the colours of the leaves; however, by this time of year much of the grass and leaves have turned to mud. This picture is a couple blocks from my house. The area is also, a giant frisbee golf course.


Excited to be opening for the amazing Matt Bacnis Band on their upcoming 'Heart, Stay Whole' tour.
We are traveling through WA, OR, CA, and AZ. All the tour dates and locations are on my Facebook page!
Haven't said yes to any concerts lately. Busy with throwing my music out on radio and TV network syncing.
I will be recording some new music at Snoring Hound Studio next week, and then….
A tour for 2 weeks….
…..then, Getting ready for six weeks in Mexico!!


The process of globalisation and the deterritorialisation of politics, rule and governance are reconfiguring the "state-centric" model of the 19th and 20th centuries.
This implies immediate consequences for those issues strictly linked to the nation-state organizational form, such as that of citizenship. The modern nation-state system has regulated membership in terms of national citizenship. In the global era, however, the idea of a bounded nation-state community appears to be, at the very least, problematic. We are facing a disaggregation of citizenship, the emergence of an international human rights regime and the spread of cosmopolitan norms.
As globalisation proceeds, all of these phenomena challenge the three regulative ideals on which democratic sovereignty is based: the idea that people are the author and subject of laws, the ideal of a unified demos and the idea of a self-enclosed and autochthonous territory over which the demos governs. That is to say, the institutional developments of our contemporary era unbundle the three constitutive dimensions of citizenship: collective identity, the privileges of political membership and the entitlements of social rights and benefits.
Due to the global interconnections of human relations, we need a new reconfiguration of the institution of citizenship, open to subnational and transnational democratic iterations. Indeed, the new form of post-Westphalian politics of global interdependence suggests that democratic citizenship can also be exercised across national boundaries: in local, transnational and global contexts. But, the new meta-national citizenship has yet to be built: is it really possible to organise a democracy without borders? How can we reconcile cosmopolitism and democratic self-governance? Is there a contraposition between human rights (the rights addressed to humans as such) and citizens' rights (the rights addressed to a specific human, member of a particular community)? It could be interesting to think of all these problems while also considering the possible need for new forms of citizenship conceived beyond the borders of each State before the realization of a better-defined concept of global citizenship. It could also be useful to reflect upon the current concept of citizenship and on its instability in the face of mass migration, incapacity of nation states to control their own borders and ever-increasing social inequality.
Digital Nomads: Employment in the Online Gig Economy Abstract : In 1997, Tsugio Makimoto and David Manners published their future-looking manifesto Digital Nomad that, decades later, would present as a manifesto for a lifestyle movement.
Hispanics in the U.S.: Rethinking the Spanish Cultural Politics Abstract : In the coming decades, the United States will become host to the largest Spanish mother tongue ("Spanish native speakers") community in the world.
La via locale alla cittadinanza globale: una sfida epistemologica e politica Abstract : Rethinking the concept of citizenship means understanding the historical nature of the relationship between citizenship and nation-state and going beyond the definition of a formal and legal status, such as the membership to a political system.
Globalization and Postnational Model of Citizenship Abstract : This paper investigates the postnational model of citizenship and contemporary challenges to postnational citizenship in the era of globalization whose nature is ambivalent and also includes fragmentation.
Democracy and Climate Change: a Confucian Proposal Abstract : Democracy is one of the West's most important contributions to universal human heritage. Still it presents some drawbacks in the ways it relates to certain global problems, especially climate change.
Towards Global Political Communities and New Citizenship Regimes Abstract : Until now, attempts to identify a meeting point between the preservation of a universal political identity and maintaining national forms of belonging seem to find little application in the policies of world governments.
European Citizenship as Rights Claiming Abstract : European citizenship, which was once seen as the symbol of European integration, is increasingly perceived as an obstacle to self-government and a threat to national welfare.


MISO (Mixture-of-Isoforms) is a probabilistic framework that quantitates the expression level of alternatively spliced genes from RNA-Seq data, and identifies differentially regulated isoforms or exons across samples. By modeling the generative process by which reads are produced from isoforms in RNA-Seq, the MISO model uses Bayesian inference to compute the probability that a read originated from a particular isoform.
The MISO framework is described in Katz et. al., Analysis and design of RNA sequencing experiments for identifying isoform regulation. Nature Methods (2010).
MISO treats the expression level of a set of isoforms as a random variable and estimates a distribution over the values of this variable. The estimation algorithm is based on sampling, and falls in the family of techniques known as Markov Chain Monte Carlo ("MCMC"). For details of the inference procedure, see Katz et. al. (2010).
Mailing list where users can ask technical questions is available at miso-users (http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/miso-users).
The primary version of MISO is called fastmiso – which is written in a combination of Python and the C programming language.
To install MISO, either download one of the stable releases (see Releases) or install the latest version from our GitHub repository. See below for detailed installation instructions.
MISO is available as a Python package, listed as misopy in pypi (Python Package Index).
numpy and scipy. Note: MISO requires numpy version > 1.5!
We strongly recommend that you install MISO using a Python package manager (see Installing the fastmiso version of MISO) so that the required Python modules are automatically installed and managed for you.
where SE.gff3 is a GFF file containing descriptions of isoforms/alternative splicing events to be quantitated (e.g. skipped exons).
Parse and filter significant events with sufficient coverage.
For a full example of running MISO, see Example MISO pipeline. Also see the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) page.
See MISO glossary for quick explanations of MISO terminology.
There are two options for installing MISO, using either a stable release or installing the latest version from GitHub.
Use --help argument to view options.
If you get no errors, the installation completed successfully. Note that MISO also needs samtools to be installed and available on your path.
This will create a directory called MISO, containing the repository. Alternatively, if you do not want to go through git, you can download a zip file containing the latest MISO GitHub release (following this link: https://github.com/yarden/MISO/zipball/fastmiso). This zip file has to be unzipped (e.g. using unzip fastmiso on Unix systems) and contains the latest release of the MISO repository.
Next, compile the code and install MISO using the Python package manager (such as as pip or `easy_install`_) as described above. We strongly recommend that you manage Python packages using a package manager rather than manually installing packages and modifying your PYTHONPATH, which is error prone and time consuming.
It is crucial that the samtools command is available from the default path environment, or else MISO will not be able to parse SAM/BAM files. On a Unix or a Mac OS X system, you should be able to type samtools at the prompt and get access to the program without specifying any path prefix.
You should be able to import both of these packages without errors from the Python interpreter. The misopy package is the main MISO package, containing utilities for analyzing RNA-Seq data and plotting it (including sashimi_plot). The pysplicing package is an under-the-hood interface between Python and the statistical inference engine written in C.
If you see errors prior to this, the most likely cause is that some dependency is not installed or not available in the path environment. For example, if samtools is installed but missing from the path (i.e. not accessible from the shell), that will cause errors in the test run.
To run MISO, a set of annotations (typically specified in GFF format) of the isoforms of alternative events must be provided and RNA-Seq reads (typically specified in SAM format). The GFF annotation is indexed into an efficient representation using a script provided by MISO. The SAM reads must be sorted and indexed into the BAM format (binary version of SAM) before they can be used with MISO.
The sections that follow describe in detail the file formats used for the annotation and for the reads and the specific steps that are required to run MISO. An example of a MISO pipeline for computing isoform expression estimates and detecting differentially expressed isoforms is given in Example MISO pipeline.
The figure below shows an overview of how to run MISO.
Exon-centric analyses are recommended for looking at alternative splicing at the level of individual splicing events, e.g. the inclusion levels of a particular skipped exon, or the use of a particular alternative splice site. In isoform-centric analyses the expression level of whole isoforms for genes are estimated (i.e. the expression of each individual isoform of a gene is estimated). Both of these analysis modes have merits and disadvantages. Exon-centric analyses are typically easier to interpret and validate experimentally, but do not always capture the complexity of a set related splicing events within a gene. Isoform-centric analyses capture more of this complexity, but are limited by the typically short length of RNA-Seq reads, and inaccuracies or incompleteness in the annotation of the gene's isoforms. Estimates of isoform-level expression are also harder to validate in the lab using traditional techniques such as RT-PCR.
To run MISO, an annotation of the alternative splicing events or isoforms must be provided and a set of reads. Single or paired-end reads can be provided in the Spliced Alignment/Map (SAM) format (in its binary form, BAM) and the annotation can be in the GFF (version 3) format. The GFF format can be used to specify either whole mRNA isoforms of genes (which is the common use of the format) or to specify single alternative splicing events, as described in Alternative event annotations.
When run locally and not on a cluster, MISO will use multiple cores on the machine on which it is running. The number of cores/processors to be used by MISO is set through the settings file (see Visualizing RNA-Seq reads along isoforms with MISO estimates).
It is highly recommended to run MISO on a cluster when possible. Since each gene/exon can be treated as an independent inference problem, MISO is highly parallelizable, and the use of multiple computers can cut run times down by orders of magnitude.
MISO comes with basic functionality for running on a cluster, assuming that there's a shared filesystem between all the nodes.
These annotations can be downloaded from the MISO annotations page.
For performing isoform-centric analyses, any gene models annotation can be used (e.g. from Ensembl, UCSC or RefSeq) as long as it is specified in the GFF3 format. As an example, we provide GFF3 annotations from Ensembl (which were converted from Ensembl's GTF format to GFF3), available in Human/mouse gene models for isoform-centric analyses.
A recent paper from Bin Tian's group, Analysis of alternative cleavage and polyadenylation by 3′ region extraction and deep sequencing, annotated alternative cleavage and polyadenylation events in mouse tissues using the 3′READS method. The annotated events (TandemUTR and ALE) are available in GFF format on the MISO annotations page, courtesy of the Tian group.
The ID of the exon was chosen arbitrarily to be chr1:4775654:4775821:-@chr1:4774032:4774186:-@chr1:4772649:4772814:-. This name encodes the genomic coordinates of the upstream (5') exon, the skipped exon, and the downstream (3') exon of this alternative splicing event, separated by @ symbols. The two isoforms that result (encoded as mRNA entries in the file) are: (1) the isoform made up of the upstream exon, the skipped exon and the downstream exon (isoform where the exon is included), (2) the isoform made up of the upstream exon followed by the downstream exon (isoform where the exon is skipped.) Note that we only use the two flanking exons in this annotation, but one could modify the annotation to include arbitrarily many flanking exons from the transcripts. We chose to name the two mRNA entries as the coordinates of the exons that make up the mRNA followed by A for the first isoform, B for the second, though these naming conventions are arbitrary and do not have to be used. Similarly, the ID of each exon is encoded as its coordinate followed by up, se or dn to denote the upstream, skipped or downstream exons, respectively.
A mapping from alternative events to genes can be downloaded from the MISO annotations page.
Note that in the above GFF annotations for events, only immediately flanking exons to an alternative event are considered. For example, for a skipped exon event, only the two exons that flank it are considered in the annotation. In the human/mouse genomes, this means that the two isoforms produced the event would be roughly ~400 nt and ~300 nt long. Modified annotations that use more of the exons present in the two isoforms might be more appropriate for use with long insert length paired-end libraries where the average insert is significantly longer than these isoform lengths. This in general will not affect isoform-centric analyses, where the entire mRNA transcript is used as the annotation to quantitate.
For isoform-centric analyses, annotations of gene models are needed, where whole mRNA isoforms are specified for each gene. Any annotation that is in GFF3 format can be used, e.g. annotations obtained from RefSeq, Ensembl, UCSC or other databases.
Download your gene annotation (e.g. Ensembl genes, RefSeq) from UCSC Table Browser. For example, an Ensembl genes table ensGene.txt can be downloaded for the mm9 genome from UCSC goldenPath here (http://hgdownload.cse.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/mm9/database/ensGene.txt.gz).
To convert this gene table into GFF3, use of these two ways: (a) use the script ucsc_table2gff3.pl (from biotoolbox) to convert the table directly into GFF3, or (b) use the UCSC utility genePredToGtf to convert the table into GTF format (instructions for this are described in http://genomewiki.ucsc.edu/index.php/Genes_in_gtf_or_gff_format) and then convert the GTF file into GFF3 using gtf2gff3.pl.
It is critical to note that Ensembl and UCSC have distinct chromosome naming conventions (see warning note below). However, Ensembl tables obtained from the UCSC Table Browser will follow the UCSC chromosome naming conventions, not Ensembl's, which is why the UCSC-downloaded Ensembl annotations in the GFFs provided above contain chr headers. Ensembl annotations obtained directly from Ensembl (e.g. via Ensembl BioMart) will of course follow the Ensembl chromosome naming conventions, and not UCSC's.
For convenience, we also provide GFF3 annotations of gene models from Ensembl (release 65), which were simply converted from Ensembl's GTF to GFF3 format and are otherwise identical to the Ensembl annotation.
The path of the Python version on the system used to install MISO will automatically be invoked when running these scripts.
If you installed MISO using setup.py --prefix=~/ in your home directory or some other path, these scripts will typically be placed in a designated executables directory in your home directory, e.g. ~/bin/.
MISO can take as input RNA-Seq reads in the SAM format. SAM files are typically the output of read alignment programs, such as Bowtie or Tophat. The SAM format can represent both single and paired-end reads.
Files in SAM format must be converted to an indexed, sorted BAM file that contain headers. If you have an indexed, sorted BAM file you can move on to the next section.
The mm9_complete.fa.fai is a header file that contains the lengths of each chromosome in the genome used to create the my_sample.sam file. The .fai files can be created from the FASTA files of a genome using the faidx option of samtools (e.g. samtools faidx genome.fasta).
The sam_to_bam script will output a set of BAM files and their indices (my_sample.bam, my_sample.sorted.bam, my_sample.sorted.bam.bai) to my_sample/.
To quantitate alternative splicing, an annotation file must be provided that describes the isoforms whose expression should be estimated from data.
For exon-centric analyses, a GFF file can be used as well, except such a file will contain only the subsets of the isoforms produced by a particular splicing event – rather than whole transcripts – as described in GFF-based alternative events format. The GFF file chosen has to be indexed for efficient representation. A set of indexed, ready-to-use events is available for the mouse and human genomes.
This will index the GFF file SE.mm9.gff and output the result to the indexed/ directory. This indexed directory is then used as input to MISO.
min_event_reads: What the minimum number of reads that a region must have for it to be quantitated. The minimum number of reads is computed over the longest genomic region of the gene or alternatively spliced event.
strand (optional): What the strand convention of the input BAM files is. Can be set to either fr-unstranded, fr-firststrand, or fr-secondstrand. Set to fr-unstranded by default. See Note on strand-specificity in RNA-Seq libraries for an explanation of these strand conventions.
cluster_command: the name of the program used to submit jobs to the cluster (e.g. qsub, bsub, etc.) MISO will use this command to launch jobs on the cluster system.
long_queue_name (optional): the name of the "long queue" (jobs that take longer to finish) of the cluster queueing system.
short_queue_name (optional): the name of the "short queue" (jobs that generally finish quicker and might get priority) of the cluster queueing system. The name of this queue is often short or quick depending on the way the cluster is configured.
Both long_queue_name and short_queue_name can be omitted from the configuration file, in which case jobs will be submitted to the cluster without specifying any queue. All parameters set in the [clusters] section are only relevant when MISO is used on a cluster.
burn_in: the number of initial sampling iterations to be discarded before computing estimates.
lag: the number of sampling iterations to skip when computing estimates. A lag of 10 would mean every 10th iteration is used.
num_iters: the total number of sampling iterations to be computed per gene/event.
num_processors (optional): Number of processors to use when running locally using multiple cores. Set to 4 by default. Not used when running on a cluster.
The default settings of the sampling-related parameters in [sampler] was deliberately chosen to be conservative.
To run MISO to estimate the expression level of a set of annotated isoforms or events in GFF format, the miso script is used with the --run option. This produces distributions over "Psi" values (Ψ), which stand for "Percent Spliced In". See Katz et. al. (2010) for a description of these values and how they are computed.
Compute Psi values for given GFF annotation.
BAM file (with headers) to run on.
This will compute expression values for the isoforms described in the indexed GFF directory mm9/pickled/SE, based on the reads in data/my_sample.sorted.bam (a sorted, indexed BAM file) an output the results to the my_sample_output/ directory. Note that the mm9/pickled/SE directory in this case must be generated by the user, by running index_gff.
The --read-len option is necessary and specifies the length of the reads in the data (in this case, 35 nt.) The directory mm9/pickled/SE, which is available in the mouse splicing event annotations, specifies an indexed version of all the skipped exon (SE) events.
Note that that the headers for the indexed/sorted BAM file (the files with the .bam.bai extension) must be in the same directory as the read BAM file. In the above example, it means they must be in the data/ directory.
Length of overhang constraints imposed on junctions.
deviation of insert length distribution.
The insert length distribution gives the range of sizes of fragments sequenced in the paired-end RNA-Seq run. This is used to assign reads to isoforms probabilistically. The insert length distribution can be computed by aligning read pairs to long, constitutive exons (like 3' UTRs) and measuring the distance between the read mates. The mean and standard deviation of this distribution would then be given as arguments to --paired-end. For example, to run on a paired-end sample where the mean insert length is 250 and the standard deviation is 15, we would use: --paired-end 250 15 when calling miso (in addition to the --run option).
The --overhang-len option is not supported for paired-end reads.
We provide a set of utilities for computing and plotting the insert length distribution in paired-end RNA-Seq samples. The insert length distribution of a sample is computed by aligning the read pairs to long constitutive exons and then measuring the insert length of each pair. The set of insert lengths obtained this way form a distribution, and summary statistics of this distribution – like its mean and standard deviation – are used by MISO to assign read pairs to isoforms.
The utilities in exon_utils and pe_utils can be used to first get a set of long constitituve exons to map read pairs to, and second compute the insert length distribution and its statistics.
This will output a GFF file (named Mus_musculus.NCBIM37.65.min_1000.const_exons.gff) into the exons directory containing only constitutive exons that are at least 1000 bases long. This file can be used to compute the insert length distribution of all mouse RNA-Seq datasets. Exons here are defined as constitutive only if they occur in all annotated transcripts of a gene.
Computing the insert length distribution given a constitutive exons file: Now that we have a file containing the long constitutive exons, we can compute the insert length for any BAM file using the pe_utils utilities. The option --compute-insert-len takes a BAM file with the RNA-Seq sample and a GFF file containing the long constitutive exons. The insert length is defined simply as the distance between the start coordinate of the first mate in the read pair and the end coordinate of the second mate in the read pair.
This will efficiently map the BAM reads to the exons in the GFF file using bedtools, and use the result to compute the insert lengths. The command requires the latest version of bedtools to be installed, where the tagBam utility was added the ability to output the interval that each read maps to in its BAM output file. The reads that aligned to these exons will be kept in a directory called bam2gff_Mus_musculus.NCBIM37.65.min_1000.const_exons.gff/ in the insert-dist directory.
This will generate an insert length distribution file (ending in .insert_len) that is tab-delimited with two columns, the first specifying the exon that the read pairs were aligned to, and the second specifying a comma-separated list of insert lengths obtained from aligning the read pairs to that exon. The number of entries in the file corresponds to the number of exons from the original GFF that were used in computing the insert length distribution.
This indicates that the mean of the insert length distribution was 129, the standard deviation was 12.1, dispersion was 1.1, and the number of read pairs used to estimate the distribution and compute these values was 862,148.
Intuitively, the dispersion constant d corresponds to how variable the insert length distribution is about its mean. The lower the d value is, the tighter/more precise the insert length distribution is in the RNA-Seq sample. The dispersion constant and an interpretation of its values is discussed in the MISO paper (see Analysis and design of RNA sequencing experiments for identifying isoform regulation).
The insert length distribution can be plotted using the .insert_len file using sashimi_plot.
To compute the insert length by simple pairing of read mates by their ID (assuming that mates belonging to a pair have the same read ID in the BAM), explicitly ignoring the relevant BAM fields specifying whether or not the reads are properly paired, use the --no-bam-filter option.
The option --compute-insert-len can take a comma-separated list of BAM filenames in case you want to compute the insert length for multiple samples in one command. The --compute-insert-len option of pe_utils by default uses only exons from the GFF file that are 500 bases or longer. This can be tweaked by passing pe_utils the optional --min-exon-size N argument, which will only use exons of size N or longer. In our example, we used a constitutive exons GFF file that contained only exons that are 100 bp or longer, so the default settings will consider all exons in that file.
--chunk-jobs N (optional): places N many genes or events into each job. For example, if running MISO on a set of skipped exons, --chunk-jobs 200 will place roughly 200 exons whose expression is to be estimated into each job. If each job was sent to a separate node, it would mean every node in parallel will sequentially compute the expression level of 200 exons. The value of --chunk-jobs depends on both cluster size/availability and on the number of exons whose expression is to be estimated. On very large clusters where nodes are generally available, a relatively small setting of --chunk-jobs is likely to be more efficient.
--no-wait (optional): by default, the main process that submits the jobs to the cluster will wait for them to finish. If --no-wait is passed, the main process will not wait, and simply quit after submitting the jobs.
MISO will use the cluster submission and queue settings described in the settings file to submit jobs (see Visualizing RNA-Seq reads along isoforms with MISO estimates). An example of a MISO pipeline for computing isoform expression estimates and detecting differentially expressed isoforms is given in Example MISO pipeline.
--SGEarray: Run jobs on Sun Grid Engine. To be used in conjunction with --use-cluster.
--job-name: Name the job submitted to Sun Grid Engine system.
Thanks to Michael Lovci for this feature.
When running MISO, through miso --run, the raw output will be a set of posterior distributions over Ψ values. Each exon or gene, depending on whether the analysis is exon or isoform-centric, will have its own file containing posterior samples from the distribution over Ψ.
Most users will never need to access these raw distributions and can simply summarize this raw output as described in Summarizing MISO output, or perform a comparison between a set of samples as described in Detecting differentially expressed isoforms.
The header line (beginning with #) gives information about the gene/event in the file, like the names of the isoforms in the annotation and the length of the exons, as well as values of internal MISO parameters (like burn-in or lag, described in Visualizing RNA-Seq reads along isoforms with MISO estimates).
The first column (sampled_psi) lists the Ψ value sampled and the second column (log_score) gives the log score of that sample under the MISO model. The Ψ value is comma-separated and will have as many entries as there are isoforms. In the above file, there are two isoforms, and so two entries in the Ψ column that sum to 1.
a directory to output summary file to.
This will create a subdirectory summary_output/summary/ with a file my_sample_output.miso_summary that summarizes all the events in the sample in my_sample_output/.
ci_high: the high bound of the 95% confidence interval on the Ψ estimate.
assigned_counts: inferred assignment of reads to isoforms. Lists each isoform (0-based) and the number of reads assigned to it. For example, for an alternative event with two isoforms, the entry might be: 0:330,1:34, indicating that 330 reads were assigned to the first isoform (isoform 0) and 34 reads were assigned to the second isoform (isoform 1).
When one of those fields is not available (e.g. strand), NA is outputted in its place.
Note that miso_posterior_mean is an estimate of Ψ and [ci_low, ci_high] are the 95% confidence limits of that estimate.
Once MISO output has been computed for two samples or more, pairwise comparison of differential isoform expression can be computed. To test if an isoform or exon is differentially expressed between between samples, the Bayes factor is computed for the exon, which represents the weight of the evidence in the data in favor of differential expression versus not. For example, a Bayes factor of 2 would mean that the isoform/exon is two times more likely to be differentially expressed than not. The computation of Bayes factors is described in detail in Katz et. al. (2010).
This would compare the MISO output in control/ to knowndown/, and output the result to the directory comparisons/control_vs_knockdown. Note that "vs" is used to denote sample comparisons. The output format of this comparison is described below.
If MISO is run on an annotation that specifies more than two isoforms per event/gene, then the fields for the Ψ estimates become comma-separated and give the estimates for each isoform. For example, in the case of three isoforms, sample1_ci_low would be a comma-separated list of the lower bounds of the first, second and third isoform, and sample1_ci_high would be a comma-separated list of the upper bounds of the first, second and third isoform, and similarly for the fields involving the other sample.
Starting from version 0.5.0, the miso_pack utility is available for packing raw MISO output. The packing utility converts the raw MISO output directories that contain *.miso files and converts them into a portable SQLite database (one database file per chromosome.) This reduces the number of files substantially, which otherwise could burden the filesystem. The packing operation uses the built-in SQL library of Python (sqlite3) and does not require installation of any external SQL databases.
The miso_pack utility will traverse the entire directory structure of miso_output and pack any directories that contain raw MISO output.
Note: The SQLite databases made by miso_pack can be read independently of Python and queries as ordinary SQLite databases. However, end-users should never need to deal with these files directly.
Once all the samples have been summarized and all pairwise comparisons between samples have been made (as described in Summarizing MISO output and Detecting differentially expressed isoforms), space can be saved by archiving the MISO output for long-term storage.
This compression reduces the number of files dramatically, since each sample gets one SQLite database per chromosome. The resulting directory structure is then compressed further using standard zip compression into a single zip file (in this case named mydata.zip).
This will uncompress mydata.misozip and output its contents into the directory uncompressed/.
Note: miso_zip will not delete the directory being compressed. The directory can be deleted manually after compression is done.
Below is an example of a MISO pipeline, where Ψ values for a set of alternative events are computed (with confidence intervals) for a pair of samples called "control" and "knockdown". A samples comparison is performed to detect differentially expressed isoforms between the samples.
## Detect differentially expressed isoforms between "control" and "knockdown"
Once MISO runs are completed and pairwise comparisons between your samples have been made to compute Bayes factors (using --compare-samples), the resulting files can be interpreted to detect differential events. For each pairwise comparison, we will have a .miso_bf file which contains the Ψ values of each event in both samples along with confidence intervals (assuming the event is detectable in both), the Δ Ψ values, the Bayes factor, and other useful information about the read counts used to compute these values.
MISO comes with several utilities (such as filter_events, described in Filtering differentially expressed events) for helping with the interpretation and analysis of these output files. This section serves as a brief guide the MISO output files, the utilities for analyzing them, and to various caveats in interpreting the output.
A first-pass filter for detecting differentially changing events can apply a Bayes factor cutoff along with a Δ Ψ cutoff, using the bayes_factor and diff fields of the samples comparison output file. Section Filtering differentially expressed events describes a utility that will apply these filters for exon-centric analyses.
It is critical to note that the default MISO settings were intentionally set to be highly inclusive, and therefore do not impose any stringent coverage criteria on the events for which Ψ values and Bayes factors are computed.
By default, MISO requires only 20 reads to be present in the locus/event of interest. For many events, only a tiny fraction of these reads might be in informative regions – like junctions or regions unique to one of the isoforms – and so the expression levels of these events might not be reliably estimated. It is important to use the information provided by MISO about the raw number of read counts used in estimating the expression levels of each event/gene.
The class (0,0) denotes reads that were incompatible with either isoform, either because they didn't match these isoforms or were otherwise unusable (e.g. they were part of a read-pair where one end was unmappable, in the case of paired-end reads.) Reads in this class are not used by MISO – they are only reported to indicate that they were discarded.
Events that meet the very minimal default coverage criteria do not necessarily have sufficient read support to be considered alternatively spliced in your RNA-Seq samples.
In practice, events that might not be alternatively spliced in the samples of interest meet the default minimal read coverage criteria, although their read class counts imply that they are not reliable estimates. Such a case might be an alternative exon in the input annotation to MISO that has, for example, 19 reads in the exon upstream of the skipped exon, and 1 read in the exon downstream of the skipped exon. This event would have a counts signature of: (1,1):20,(1,0):0,(0,1):0. The (1,0) and (0,1) reads, which are most informative about the relative inclusion levels of the exon, are both 0, so unless these are non-zero in other samples in the dataset, the estimate of the inclusion levels of this exon will not be reliable.
For this reason, coverage filters must be imposed by the user when post-processing MISO output. An example of such a filter is given below for exon-centric analyses.
in at least one of the RNA-Seq samples processed by MISO, where X, Y are the number of reads in the (1,0) and (0,1) read classes, respectively, and N is an arbitrary but sizeable number (e.g. 10 or 20). This filter requires that the sum of inclusion and exclusion-supporting reads be greater than or equal to N, and that the read class supporting exclusion is non-zero in at least one of the samples. This guarantees that at least some of the reads are informative about the inclusive or exclusive isoform. Note that this filter does not guarantee that there will be junction evidence for the inclusion isoform, but does guarantee that there will be a junction evidence for skipping of the exon.
To increase power to detect differential events, coverage filters should be applied in aggregate across all RNA-Seq samples that were processed by MISO. To detect switch-like exons that are fully included in one sample and fully excluded in another, we should require the number of exon exclusion supporting reads be non-zero in at least one of the samples – or summed across samples – rather than in every sample. This filter can be easily applied by parsing the counts field in the samples comparison (.miso_bf) file produced by MISO for each pairwise comparison.
For isoform-centric analyses where the number of read classes is considerably larger, MISO will output the counts in the same format. For a gene with 3 isoforms, we can have the read classes (1,0,0),(0,1,0),(0,0,1),...,(1,1,1) and other filters can be applied, depending on the goal of the analysis, to select genes that have sufficient coverage to be reliably estimated.
Important information is contained in the confidence intervals outputted by MISO for each estimate of Ψ. The width of the interval corresponds to our confidence in the estimate of the Ψ value, and so the larger the confidence width is, the less reliable the estimate. As expected, the width of the confidence interval will depend on the number of informative reads, such as reads crossing junctions or reads in regions that uniquely identify the isoform.
The figure on the right shows two posterior distributions over Ψ for the same alternative splicing event in two samples, where the exon had low coverage (i.e. small number of reads) in both. The posterior distribution is plotted as a black histogram, whose mean is indicated by the red vertical line and 95% confidence intervals shown by dotted grey vertical lines. The actual Ψ values and the confidence interval bounds are given to the right of the distribution. In the top distribution, the confidence interval width is .64 (since .88 - .24 = .64) which is extremely wide. The distribution's probable range spans from 20 to nearly 90%, far too broad to be useful. In the bottom distribution, the confidence intervals are narrower, though still considerable. Because of the large amount of uncertainty in the top distribution, we cannot confidently conclude that the true Ψ value is likely to be different between the two. Although the difference of means between the distributions is large (.53 - .2 = .33), the confidence intervals overlap considerably as a result of the uncertainty in the top distribution. In practice, requiring no overlap at all between the confidence intervals of two samples is too restrictive, but the width of each estimate's confidence interval and the relationship between the intervals should be kept in mind when interpreting the results.
--num-total N: Number of total reads aligning to any isoform (or to both isoforms) has to be greater than or equal to N.
--num-inc N: Number of inclusion reads (i.e. reads supporting the first isoform) has to be greater than or equal to N.
--num-exc N: Number of exclusion reads (i.e. reads supporting the second isoform) has to be greater than or equal to N.
--num-sum-inc-exc N: The sum of inclusion and exclusion reads has to be greater than or equal to N.
--delta-psi P: The absolute Δ Ψ value must be greater than or equal to P (where P is in [0, 1]).
--bayes-factor N: The Bayes factor must be greater than or equal to N.
--apply-both: By default, the above filters on read coverage of the isoforms are required to be true in only one of the samples. To consider only events where the filters apply in both samples, use this option.
This will output a filtered Bayes factor file, filtered/control.miso_bf.filtered that contains only events meeting the above criteria.
MISO comes with a built-in utility, sashimi_plot, for visualizing its output and for plotting raw RNA-Seq read densities along exons and junctions.
Thu, July 20: Released 0.5.4. Fixes indexing bug in credible intervals computation (see issues issue_98 and issue_103).
Tue, March 10: Released 0.5.3, which fixes a bug in processing stranded reads. Thanks to Renee Sears. MISO license updated: it is licensed under GPL 2, not BSD, since it depends on GPL 2 code. We apologize for the confusion. Added support for Travis CI.
Tue, Mar 11: Released 0.5.2, which fixes an error reporting bug. Thanks to John Tobias and Sabine Dietmann.
Sun, Feb 23: Fixed Sashimi plot bug.
Fri, Feb 21: Fixed critical bug in miso_pack handling of Ensembl chromosomes in 0.5.0 release. Please update your release.
Thu, Feb 20: Released 0.5.0.
Renamed scripts: The core MISO scripts are now named miso, summarize_miso and compare_miso. Python extensions (.py) have been dropped. Entry points are used in Python installations to resolve issues with scripts not being registered as executables after installation.
Jun 26: Fixed formatting error for version 1 ALE events. Reorganized documentation.
Apr 26: Released version 0.4.9. Contains Sashimi plot-related bug fixes.
Fixed bug in --prefilter option. Added -p option to run_events_analysis.py for determining the number of processors to be used.
Fixed potential deadlock situation when running locally on machines with multiple cores.
Added miso_zip utility for compressing/uncompressing MISO output.
Better error checking for incompatibilities between BAM and GFF files, e.g. cases where the chromosome naming conventions between the annotation and the BAM differ.
Fixed entries in hg19 alternative event annotations where start > end.
Changed default MISO settings file to omit queue names from cluster submissions.
See also all release updates (including older releases).
MISO is passed a BAM file that is not sorted and indexed. BAM files must be sorted and indexed to allow MISO random access to regions in the BAM.
MISO was passed the wrong read length: for example, the reads in your BAM file are of length 50 but you passed a different read length in the --read-len argument. MISO requires the correct read length to be passed.
How can I map MISO alternative event annotations to the genes they are in? An easy way to do this is to get the transcription start and end sites for all genes, and overlap these with the MISO alternative event coordinates. We provide our own mapping (based on Ensembl gene models) of alternative events to Ensembl gene IDs for the human and mouse annotations, available here Mapping of alternative events to genes. To create your own mapping of events to genes based on a different annotation, all that is needed is a table containing the transcription start/end sites for all genes. These can be be downloaded from the UCSC Genome Browser (by clicking the "Tables" tab), or from Ensembl's BioMart. In UCSC tables, the transcription start/end sites are encoded in the fields txStart or txEnd. You can overlap the coordinates of the events given in our GFF3 fields to these start and end sites in your favorite gene model annotation (e.g. UCSC, Ensembl, or Refseq) and determine what gene they overlap.
What is the license for MISO? MISO is licensed under the GPL v2 license (updated March, 2015).
Rather than estimating the expression level of a single alternatively spliced exon ("exon-centric"), or of each transcript belonging to a gene ("isoform-centric"), one can quantify the levels of multiple isoforms produced by several nearby alternative splicing events. This is called local multi-isoform quantitation. These isoforms can be encoded in the GFF format as for the case of alternative splicing events that produce two isoforms, described in GFF-based alternative events format.
The original Python version of MISO was written by Yarden Katz. The C version of MISO was written by Gábor Csárdi, with Python interfaces written by Yarden Katz and an R interface written by Gábor Csárdi. Parts of the code for visualizing MISO estimates was written by Eric T. Wang. The MISO manual was written by Yarden Katz.
The Python-only version of MISO is now deprecated – we recommend using fastmiso.
Katz Y, Wang ET, Airoldi EM, Burge CB. (2010). Analysis and design of RNA sequencing experiments for identifying isoform regulation. Nature Methods 7, 1009-1015.
IGV: Visualizer of mapped reads (e.g. BAM files). Displays junction reads.
Airoldi, E.M. (2007). Getting started in probabilistic graphical models. PLoS Computational Biology, 3, e252.
A Practical Course in Bayesian Graphical Modeling by Michael Lee and Eric-Jan Wagenmakers: Free online book that contains (among many other things) excellent chapters on Bayesian hypothesis testing with practical examples, including discussion of Bayes factors and the Savage-Dickey ratio test.
Griffiths, T. L., & Yuille, A. (2006). A primer on probabilistic inference. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10.
© Copyright 2010, Yarden Katz, Gábor Csárdi, Eric T. Wang, Edoardo M. Airoldi, Christopher B. Burge. Revision 1ca049fa.


Noting that the Hong Kong Resort Company Ltd. (HKR) would not recover the capital costs of the tunnel link but would only recoup its recurrent costs from tunnel users through toll, Mrs Miriam LAU Kin-yee proposed that HKR should be allowed to defer payment of the royalty in case the tunnel operation was not profitable. In response, the Principal Assistant Secretary/Treasury/Revenue (PAS/Tsy/R) advised that there was no such arrangement in the existing practice of royalty collection from tunnel operators. The proposed royalty charge, being $0.5 per vehicle per one-way trip, should not create pressure on the toll level.
2	Mr Ronald ARCULLI commented that the existing royalty policy for tunnel operation might not be applicable to the tunnel link since there was no precedent where the tunnel company would not recover the capital costs of the tunnel project. He proposed that the royalty should be a fixed amount. PAS/Tsy/R explained that charging royalty at a specified percentage of operating receipts was more equitable for both the tunnel company and the public. In the event that operating receipts were high, more royalty would be collected for the benefit of the public. On the other hand, less royalty would be collected from the company if operating receipts were low.
3	Mr LEE Kai-ming considered the royalty rate of 2.5% of the operating receipts for the tunnel link too high. He proposed a reduction of the royalty rate.
4	The Chairman proposed that instead of relaxing the vehicular traffic restriction in future, there should be no restriction on the use of the tunnel link from the beginning. The tunnel company and residents of Discovery Bay (DB) could decide on the types of vehicles to be allowed. This would obviate the need to impose higher royalty when the restrictions were lifted.
5	Members urged the Administration to consider their proposals on the royalty to be paid by HKR and provide a response to the Bills Committee in due course.
6	In response to the Chairman, Mr J C H Marriott advised that the estimated operating and maintenance costs of the tunnel link would be about $500,000 to $600,000 (in 1997 prices) per month respectively. He added that HKR had been liaising with the Steering Committee of the Transport Department and various consultants on the costs of tunnel facilities which were not yet finalised.
7	Responding to members, the Principal Transport Officer/Management (PTO/M) advised that the average operating and maintenance costs of the single-tube tunnel of DB could not be compared with the average maintenance costs of other double-tube tunnels on a per kilometer basis. The operating costs of these tunnels were dependent on their own fixed costs, designs, construction methods, tunnel facilities and traffic flows.
8	As for the estimated reserve for major cyclical maintenance works of the DB tunnel, PTO/M advised that a monthly sum of $80,000 had been included in the projections of operating and maintenance costs for such purpose. These costs would be reviewed once the scope of the tunnel facilities were finalised and adjustments would be made if necessary. The Chairman requested the Administration to provide updated information to the relevant Panel once it was available.
9	The Chairman enquired whether the construction of Tai Ho interchange could be advanced to tie in with the opening of the tunnel link, the Senior Engineer/Transport Department advised that the Territory Development Department had just submitted a financial proposal to the Public Works Subcommittee of the Finance Committee concerning the comprehensive feasibility study on the development of Tai Ho. The study would commence in August 1997 and was expected to completed in eighteen months upon funding approval by the Finance Committee. The question raised by the Chairman would be covered in the study.
10	Referring to the Administration's response to the question of law enforcement on vehicles confined to Lantau, some members opined that a coloured licence plate, which could be easily distinguishable from that currently used, should be adopted to facilitate enforcement of the restriction. The Administration noted members* view and agreed to study the matter at a later stage.
11	The Principal Assistant Secretary/Transport advised that the Administration had revised the CSAs to address issues raised by members at the meeting on 17 April 1997 and to take into account comments made by the Assistant Legal Adviser (ALA). Technical amendments and refinement had also been made to other provisions of the Bill. He briefed members on the proposed CSAs.
to amend the Chinese rendition for "cost" in clause 15(a)(i) to bring it in line with other amendments.
13	ALA advised that it would be necessary to scrutinize the latest version of CSAs upon receipt.
14	Members considered it unnecessary to examine the bill clause by clause. The Chairman requested a response from the Administration on outstanding issues of the Bill by 5:00 pm on 13 May 1997. If members did not raise any objection to the Administration*s response, it would not be necessary to further discuss the Bill at the meeting scheduled for 16 May 1997. Members were asked to notify the Clerk if they had any further comments on any aspect of the Bill.
15	The meeting ended at 12:20 pm.


The pall of gloom that had descended on Kerala's globally famed tourism and hospitality industry in the wake of the August floods appears to have lifted if the message filtering from the just concluded Kerala Travel Mart -2018 is any indication. With the state ticking all the boxes to win back the confidence of tourists, God's Own Country has bounced back with an incredible resilience, removing any lingering apprehension about its preparedness to receive visitors in the October-March tourist season.
It is true the initial portents were extremely unnerving for the state's tourism industry. The floods had rampaged through 12 of Kerala's 14 districts. The tourism infrastructure, especially roads got affected while a string of bookings were cancelled in August. In effect, Kerala Tourism was staring at a loss of Rs 1,000 crore, a sector that contributed Rs 33,000 crore in 2017, accounting for 10 per cent of the state's GDP and a little over 23 per cent of its total employment. In fact, there were doubts whether the KTM (Sept. 27-30) would be held at all. But the biennial showpiece event, India's biggest conclave of tourism sector stakeholders from across the world, was not only held but it also turned out to be an unqualified success.
Facts speak for themselves: 35,000 business meets involving 1,635 buyers shortlisted from 7,000 applicants (545 of them from 66 foreign countries – the highest in the KTM history so far), 325 sellers in 400-odd stalls and the highest number of foreign buyers from US and the UK. That definitely showed the trust of global tourism industry in Kerala.
"It is historic, coming as it is a month after the worst natural calamity our people faced. I even wonder how our tourism would have got back to track but for this KTM edition coming at the right time," Kerala Tourism Secretary Mrs. Rani George said about the event. Her sentiments were echoed by Kerala Tourism Director P Bala Kiran. "The KTM lent a smile of hope to the faces in the industry in contrast to a general gloom that prevailed among its captains till a week ago. This edition proved that KTM is not a celebratory event, but a business meet. It's a positive lesson not just for us in Kerala, but the whole of India and even the world," he noted.
A major advantage of the KTM was that it successfully built confidence among tourists and other stakeholders of the industry in particular and made a perceptional change among the people in general about the post-floods Kerala. It also sent out a screaming message to the world that the state had brazened out the adversity with a remarkable degree of gumption and resilience and speedily too. More than that, it gave a platform to the government and other stakeholders to discuss the future roadmap for the tourism industry, which is the third highest revenue-earner after remittances from the Malayali Diaspora and the animal husbandry.
The KTM, inaugurated by Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan, announced plans to reinvent its decade-old responsible tourism, update customised packages, strengthen tools of publicity, broaden the tourism map and spruce up heritage spots to increase the footfalls. When put into practice, it would give a huge fillip in further promoting public-private participation in the fields of travel and hospitality, wellness and culture.
Take the example of Nefertiti, the Egyptian themed luxury vessel of the Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation (KSINC). To be launched by this month-end, it may chart a new course in cruise tourism in Kerala. Named after the beautiful Egyptian queen Nefertiti, it will have several features to remind the people aboard of one of the oldest civilizations of the world. The Chaliyar River Challenge 2018 (a 68-km kayaking championship), which is aimed at tapping the potential of adventure tourism in the state, will also be held as per the schedule. The recent installation of a giant sculpture of the Jatayu bird mentioned in the Ramayana, a new addition in the inventory of Kerala Tourism, and the Muziris Poject are sure to woo the visitors.
Further, the slant on Responsible Tourism (RT), a major USP of the tourism industry that has completed a decade in Kerala, is likely to trigger schemes that promote jobs. The RT–related schemes currently provide jobs to 30,000 families, while 7,800 of them are direct beneficiaries. According to experts, RT will give jobs to one lakh people by the end of FY 2017-18, while 10,000 RT units will be set up in the state by November.
A visibly relieved Tourism Minister Kadakampally Surendran appeared to be more than happy on the occasion. "A survey will be conducted seeking the possibility of offering job opportunities through tourism for people in the state's flood-hit areas. Students of Kerala Institute Tourism and Travel Studies (KITTS) will conduct the survey among the natives in this regard. It will help bring more people to the tourism sector," he said.
Kerala Tourism has surely found its feet once again. But it needs to learn lessons from the catastrophe, lend an aggressive edge to its tourism revival plan and develop new products and services for realizing the government's target of increasing tourism's share to 20% of its GDP by 2020.


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Автомагистраль A3 «Струма» () — строящаяся в Болгарии европейская автомагистраль, которая по плану будет проходит через города Перник, Дупница, Благоевград и Сандански вплоть до деревни Кулата на границе с Грецией. Является частью Четвёртого панъевропейского транспортного коридора и трассы , проходящей от Мишкольца (Венгрия) до Салоник (Греция) через Деву и Крайову (Румыния). «Струма» — это расширение магистрали A6 «Люлин», идущей из Софии в Перник. По плану проекта протяжённость магистрали должна составлять 156 км, уже построено и введено в эксплуатацию 86,7 км дороги от Перника до Благоевграда и от Сандански до Кулаты. Название автомагистрали взято в честь одноимённой реки.

Строительство
Автомагистраль делится на пять участков:

 бывшая автомагистраль "А6 Люлин" (стала частью "А3 Струма" в 2018)
 участок 0 (Перник — Долна-Диканя)
 участок 1 (Долна-Диканя — Дупница)
 участок 2 (Дупница — Благоевград)
 участок 3 (Благоевград — Сандански)
 участок 4 (Сандански — Кулата).

Строительство участка 1 велось с сентября 2011 по июль 2013 года, участка 4 — с апреля 2012 по июль—август 2015, участка 2 — с февраля 2013 (дата подписания контракта) по октябрь 2015.

Из-за высокой стоимости проекта участок 3 был разделён ещё на 3 подучастка — подучасток 3.1 (Благоевград — Крупник), подучасток 3.2 (Крупник — Кресна) и подучасток 3.3 (Кресна — Сандански). Строительством подучастков занимается Национальная компания «Стратегические проекты инфраструктуры». Контракт о строительстве подучастка 3.3 был заключён 25 сентября 2015.

После завершения строительства дорога будет соответствовать европейским автодорожным стандартам: она будет проходить серию виадуков и тоннелей, чтобы не затронуть природу Кресны. Оценочная стоимость четырёх участков составляет 1,2 млрд евро.

Участки

Галерея

Примечания

Дороги Болгарии

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


BRANDY STATION is located in CULPEPER county, Virginia at latitude 38.512989 and longitude -77.895298. The population of BRANDY STATION is 732 as of the year 2000. The most common zip code of BRANDY STATION is 22714.


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Phase One Reconstruction Works Begin at SXM Airport Terminal Building
The omega profiles installation on the roof of the terminal building.
SIMPSON BAY, St. Maarten (Monday, October 22, 2018) - Following the successful mold remediation and testing procedure in the ground floor of the terminal building, the reconstruction of the Princess Juliana International Airport (SXM) has now officially commenced. Both projects are part of the Package One - Temporary Operations.
It will be recalled that the airport facilities sustained severe damages at the hands of hurricanes Irma and Maria in September, 2017. Commercial operations were restored on October 10, 2017, a little over a month after the storms forced the closure of the facilities. The Radar and Automation system of the Air Traffic Control (ATC) tower were also damaged and are expected to be fully operational again before the start of the high traffic season.
Commodore N.V. has been awarded the reconstruction contract after the procedural procurement process was completed. The construction company will only be responsible for completing the build-out for Package One - Temporary Operations, which consists of partial works on the ground floor of the terminal building. Specifically, this will include the build-out of temporary check-in counters, immigration and emigration booths, offices, installation of security equipment, CCTV and reinstating the inbound/outbound baggage conveyor belts.
Project Manager, Rob Normaan, said the contract also calls for the installation of the air-conditioning systems, sprinkler and fire alarm system, reception area, IT systems, seating and provisions for the retail and Food and Beverage related concessions.
According to the Managing Board of SXM Airport, made up of CFO and Acting CEO, Ravi Daryanani and COO, Michel Hyman, the updated timeline for the completion of the Package One - Temporary Operations project is now December, 2018. After the temporary operations become fully functional in the Terminal Building, the arrival and departure pavilions will be dismantled. The completion of the project is expected to coincide with the beginning of the high tourist season.
Also, the omega profiles were seen being hoisted onto the roof of the terminal building weeks ahead of the installation. The omega profiles are the frames on which the roof panels will be installed. Phase 2 of the roof works of the SXM Airport started in July 2018. The bull noses and soffits are being replaced. Ballast Nedam is the main contractor of the roof repairs. Phase 2 of the roof works is slated to be completed between the end of the year and the beginning of January.
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The UDP411 embraces movie and music playback, offering outstanding performance in both disciplines. Unlike most BluRay machines music from SACDs and CDs is delivered with outstanding quality while movie performance with either 2D or 3D films is to the very highest standards currently available. Using Arcam's unique and hard won engineering expertise the UDP411 delivers a truly emotional portrayal of your favourite discs, delivering blockbuster experiences straight to your arm chair.
Few specialist manufactures have ever stepped up to the plate where development of video playback is concerned. The technological know-how required for the successful design of high performance video sources is vast. With more than ten years of digital video experience, not to mention global recognition of its efforts, Arcam is proud to announce the arrival of it's newest disc player, the UDP411.
The UDP411 embraces movie and music playback, offering outstanding performance in both disciplines. Unlike most Blu-Ray machines music from SACD & CD is delivered with outstanding quality while movie performance with either 2D or 3D films is to the very highest standards currently available. Using Arcam's unique and hard won engineering expertise the UDP411 delivers a truly emotional portrayal of your favourite discs, delivering blockbuster experiences straight to your arm chair.
The UDP411 uses a very simple, almost direct video path from the disc or network video with upscaling of all video sources up to 4k to its ultra-high precision outputs. This short path approach allows pictures to be presented without unintentional artefacts and delivers the kind of pristine picture quality that will truly captivate any viewer. Using broadcast quality digital video clocks during processing means the resulting picture quality is simply stunning.
To ensure the UDP411's music performance meets the same "reference" standards the class leading TI/Burr Brown PCM1794 digital to analogue converter (DAC) is used. This device, coupled with a linear phase Bessel output filter and high precision re-clocking system results in audio quality comparable to a dedicated audiophile CD player. Even the UDP411's power supply has been specially designed for outright performance. Discrete sub-regulated power supplies on the drive, audio and DAC boards deliver significant benefits to the overall performance of each element and thus allow each section to work truly independently and without interference.
Ισως το καλυτερο network player στην κατηγορια των 1000 ευρω και οχι μονο....! Τα κανει ολα με τον καλυτερο τροπο! Ιντερνετικες ευκολιες αφθονες, παιζει τα παντα και σε υψηλη αναλυση,αψογος ηχος....απλα αχτυπητο!


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Arts Council RFO funding for the West Midlands, 2012-2015
Artist(s), Arts cuts, Birmingham, Stoke-on-Trent
The Arts Council has just released its list of 695 organisations which are set to replace the Council's previous "regularly funded organisations" portfolio of 849. 110 of these are new. 206 previously "regularly funded organisations" have had all funding cut. The arts in the UK will have around £2 billion of public money spent on them from 2012 to 2015. There will also be increased Lottery funding available in future.
At first glance the changes in the West Midlands broadly appear to continue the shift toward dance and community theatre — and away from non-crafts visual arts and print-based literary arts. Touring theatre and performance festivals appear to have done well overall throughout the West Midlands, reflecting the Council's strong emphasis for 2012 to 2015 on touring theatre in communities. Fierce Festival, Geese Theatre, Ace Dance and Music, Black Country Touring, Birmingham Dancefest, Live & Local, and Stan's Cafe, among others, all see increases in funding. Nofit State Community Circus becomes a new RFO for the West Midlands. Birmingham Opera Company has, however, been cut by -11%.
With an initial focus on North Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent:—
No mention on the new list of North Staffordshire organisations B Arts (community arts, formerly Beaver Arts), and Rideout (prison arts).
The New Vic Theatre in Newcastle-under-Lyme has its grant cut by -11%
The Buxton Arts Festival gets an increase of +3%, but the Buxton Opera House is cut by -10%
DASH in Shropshire (disability arts) sees its funding cut by -38.8%
Arvon Foundation (runs residential writing centre in Shropshire) is increased by +61.7%
Multistory in West Bromwich (community arts) is cut by -43.9%
Rhubarb Rhubarb in Birmingham (for photographers) is cut by -21.9%, but Manchester's Redeye Network (also for photographers) gets an increase of +41.8%. No mention on the new list of the Hereford Photography Festival.
Writing West Midlands (the Birmingham Book Festival) becomes a regularly funded organisation — will get £552,000 during 2012-2015 (around £180,000 a year). But Tindal Street Press in Birmingham (publisher of new contemporary fiction in book form) appears to have had all its Arts Council funding cut from 2014. [Correction: they actually didn't apply for funding for that year, as they hope to be self-funding by then – see comments on this post].
Wolverhampton Arts and Museums Service has had funding increased by +73.3%, and this appears to be destined for Wolverhampton Art Gallery.
No mention on the new list of the strategic Midlands-wide organisations Designer Maker West Midlands, or Birmingham's Vivid (new-tech arts).
See the full lists for the complete list of new organisations and funding changes.
← Tiny twits
Some cuts links →
by site admin
30 Mar 2011 at 15:19
There are now claims on the Guardian site that the Arts Council spreadsheet got it wrong, in stating a 100% reduction for Tindal Street Press. The company states that Tindal Street will get £40K for 2012-13 and £40K for 2013-14, tailing off to zero in the third year…
"This is a reduction of around £8K (16%) per year, for the first two years, on its previous regular funding settlement; and 100% in the third year. (It is not a 100% cut, as stated on the Arts Council website.)"
"The company applied for only two years' funding in the expectation of increased book sales income in the third year, through their recently formed trade partnership with Atlantic Books and the Independent Alliance."


Finding (and falling in love with) OT!
I really enjoy studying occupational therapy at USC, and am so excited to share my experiences with you this year. For my first blog post, however, I want to share a little bit about how I got here, starting with how I learned about occupational therapy (OT).
In the eighth grade, I was assigned a big, scary research project, appropriately named the "Eighth Grade Project." I was to choose any topic, conduct research on it, and write a paper on what I learned. I chose to research Autism. While learning all about Autism, I stumbled upon occupational therapy as a profession that could help individuals with autism. My research described occupational therapy and how it could help individuals with autism with social skills, sensory processing, development, and so much more! My eighth-grade self thought that was super cool, and decided right then and there that's what I wanted to do in the future. Believe it or not, I never changed my mind!
Through high school and college, I learned more and more about occupational therapy as a profession. In high school, I conducted my "Senior Project" (also quite appropriately named) shadowing an OT at a pediatric clinic, seeing what I had read about for so long. In college, I observed OT in a nursing home and at an outpatient clinic for adults. Throughout my observation experiences, I was amazed by both the breadth and depth of the profession, and knew that OT was for me. I also liked that it was a helping profession, would allow me to work with people, and that every day at work could look different.
I could write a novel about what I love about OT, and I hope you'll see a lot of that come through in my blogs this year. One thing that stands out to me, though, is that after a year of studying OT, I haven't yet learned about a practice setting, diagnosis, or subset of OT that I can't envision myself working in or with. All of the studying, projects, and presentations don't feel like a chore, because I genuinely enjoy what I'm learning, the professors I'm learning from, and the experiences I'm having in the program. I love learning about OT, and, in particular, I love learning about OT at USC. I'm so happy to finally become the OT that my eighth-grade self dreamed of, and I'm looking forward to sharing my experiences and my love for OT with you over the next year! Thanks for reading!


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Trump was 'Blatantly Extorting' Ukraine
Appearing Saturday on CNN, Obama-era U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Samantha Power accused President Donald Trump of "blatantly extorting" Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky during their July telephone call in which they discussed U.S. military aid and Hunter Biden's business dealings in the eastern European country. Power's charge and those similar were vehemently denied this week by both Trump and Ukraine's leader.
A partial transcript is as follows:
ANA CABRERA: I have to ask you about the fallout from [President Trump's] call with the Ukrainian president. You tweeted this: "That Donald Trump thought it was a good idea to release this transcript is a staggering testament to the endemic corruption of his administration. He and his close advisers have lost the ability to even see what's incriminating." Ambassador, that's quite the statement.
FORMER AMB. SAMANTHA POWER: I think what we have seen from the beginning of this presidency is a pattern where what matters most to the president of the United States is his own welfare, his own self-aggrandizement, his own wealth, his own political fortune. And there are so many examples of this, but here is an example where the president is blatantly extorting a foreign leader, a foreign leader who is governing a country that has been invaded by Russia, a country that interfered in our election previously, and our president is trying to advance his own political welfare rather than look out for an ally and deliver what that country needs in order to enhance its security. The fact that people put that transcript out and thought it would be somehow helpful for the president I think just speaks to how accustomed the people around President Trump have become to this pattern of behavior.


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