We left Part 5 of this teaching series with a set of instructions regarding how to approach Jews with the truth about Christianity in a way that they might be willing to listen to. Now we will learn about how to approach both Jews and Christians with the truth about Christianity, the one Yeshua taught, by debunking the wrongful teachings and anti-Semitic interpretations of much of the New Covenant writings.
Earlier in this series, I said that to approach a Jewish person with the truth about Yeshua you need to know the Old Covenant (Tanakh) prophecies. In today's lesson, we will learn which letters and narratives in the New Covenant have been used as a polemic against the Torah and Judaism and we will show the correct interpretation of them.
Let's start with the Christian teaching that the Laws of Kashrut (Kosher laws in Leviticus 11) are not required for Christians. The two stories from the New Covenant most used to justify this are Mark 7:19 and Acts 10-11. In Mark, which we discussed briefly in an earlier lesson, Yeshua was talking with the Pharisees about hand washing prior to eating, and how we will not make our food ceremoniously unclean if we don't first wash our hands, which was a rabbinic (Talmudic) requirement. In this discussion, Mark states that Yeshua declared all food clean. This verse has been used to show that the kosher laws were overruled and abandoned by Yeshua. Nothing could be further from the truth: Yeshua wasn't talking about clean and unclean as in what was allowed to be eaten, he was talking about a ceremony, a ritual. As far as declaring all food clean, what was "food" for a First Century Jew is not what the world considers food, today. In India, beef is not considered food; to some African tribes warm blood taken from a cow is considered food; to some other people, monkey brains are a delicacy. And for a Frist Century Jew, the items that are specified in Lev. 11 as forbidden are not "food." So, all food being clean means that all those things which were allowed to be eaten were the food that was declared clean and, therefore, would not make us ceremoniously unclean if we did not first wash out hands before eating it.
The Book of Acts, Chapters 10 and 11 tells us about a dream (vision) that Kefa (Peter) had while sleeping. The vision had a sheet with all kinds of non-kosher animals on it, and a voice from heaven said to kill and eat. Kefa refused to do so, and each time he refused he heard the voice say, "Do not declare unclean that which I have made clean." This happened three times. As soon as he awoke, there were three servants of a Roman Centurion named Cornelius at the door of the house, asking for Kefa to come to the Roman soldier's house. This narrative is used to show that God told Kefa that it is now allowed to eat non-kosher animals. Again, nothing could be further from the truth: first of all, this is a vision and visions are usually interpretive and not to be taken literally. The narrative even tells us that Kefa didn't understand the meaning of it. At that time, a Roman person's house was an unclean place to a Jew, and to go into one would make one unclean. That means you would have to wash your body and clothes and would not be allowed into the Temple or even the Courts until after evening. But the true interpretation is that there were three times the sheets came down because there were three servants at the door, and that meant Kefa was to go with them. At the end of the chapter, we are told about the Ruach HaKodesh (Holy Spirit) coming upon the Roman people in that house who accepted Yeshua as their Messiah. They were the "unclean" thing that God made clean because Romans (as I have said) were considered to be unclean people. And the fact that this had nothing to do with food is confirmed in Chapter 11 when the Elders, upon hearing what happened, didn't say, "Yahoo!! Now we can go to Bob Evans for eggs and sausages!" but instead praised God that he made it possible for the Gentiles to be saved from their sins, as well as God's chosen people, the Jews.
The entire Letter to the Romans has been used as a polemic against Judaism and the Mosaic Laws, but it is, in reality, an apologetic FOR the continued importance of obedience to God's laws in the Torah. There is just too much in there for us to go into in this lesson, but if you are interested please let me know in the comments and I will do another lesson on that letter.
Matthew 5:17 is often used to show that the law was completed in Yeshua, meaning that through him it was done away with. Yet, the actual words Yeshua used were "I have not come to do away with the law, but to fulfill it." In First Century Rabbi-speak, to "fulfill" meant to interpret it correctly. Yeshua went even further to say nothing in the law will change until all things come to pass, meaning after the Apocalypse and not until he has taken rulership over all the earth.
An argument we can use against the (usual) Christian teaching that Yeshua did away with the law is found here, in John 1:1; he says Yeshua is the Living Word, the word in the flesh. There was no "Word" other than Torah, so since Yeshua said a house divided against itself cannot stand (Matthew 12:22-28), if he preached or taught anything against the Torah then his house could not stand. Yet, we know that God promised David that the house of David (i.e., the Messiah) would stand forever (2 Samuel 7:16.) The truth of the Gospels is that everything Yeshua did or said, he told us came directly from God. And we know God doesn't lie or change his mind, so everything Yeshua taught had to be from the Torah and validated the Torah.
The idea of the Trinity is a serious blasphemy in the Jewish mind. The watchword of the Judaic faith is the Shema, where we are told that the Lord is our God, the Lord is One! Many sects of Christianity believe in the Trinity and justify it with Yeshua saying that he and the Father are one (John 10:30.) The proper way to interpret this is to show it was metaphoric and in accordance with Jewish teaching. Yeshua did not mean he and God were a single entity in different forms, being one and the same person, but that because Yeshua only did and said what the Father told him to do and say, he was the image of the Father- he was the very reflection of God because he obeyed God exactly. Jews would understand this because of the Jewish idea that the Torah should be a mirror so that when we look into it we see ourselves. The idea of Yeshua being the living Torah and the perfect image of God, meaning when we see him we see God, fits in with this Jewish teaching. Gentiles have never been able to fully understand it because they don't know the Jewish mindset.
Another wrong teaching is that when Yeshua was crucified, he nailed "the law" to the cross with him. This means the Torah is no longer necessary for those who are "nailed to the cross" with Yeshua. Again, this is incorrect. In Colossians 2:14, Shaul says that our sins were nailed to the cross with Yeshua, and that is correct- our SINS were nailed, not the Torah. When a criminal was crucified, the list of charges against him was nailed above his head, just as we are told that Pilate nailed "Here is the King of the Jews" above Yeshua's head. Through the sacrifice of Yeshua we can have our sins forgiven, but not all sins- only the ones we had committed to that point. Any future sins still need to be repented and asked to be forgiven. Much of Christianity believes, "Once saved, always saved" which denies the need for any further repentance or change of lifestyle once we profess faith in Yeshua. The only thing under the sacrificial system that changed with Yeshua's sacrifice was the need to bring an animal to the Temple in Jerusalem; Yeshua is the substitution for that sacrificial animal and removed only the need to sacrifice at the Temple in order to be forgiven.
To conclude today's lesson, we have looked at the main arguments against the Torah that Christianity has proliferated, and we have shown how to debunk them by giving the proper interpretation and meaning. Through these correct interpretations, we can help both Jews and Christians see the "Jewishness" that exists in the teachings of Yeshua, and how the "Christianity" that Yeshua taught, which was only a more spiritual understanding of the Mosaic Law, is what both Jews and Gentiles need to follow.
The next lesson will be the concluding lesson for this teaching series, in which we will bring it all together.
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I look forward to our next time together, so until then…L'hitraot and Baruch HaShem!
In order to be in alignment with the Gregorian calendar, some Torah readings are doubled, as in the case of these last 6 chapters of Exodus. This dual parashah (hence, Parashot in the title) minutely details the finalization of the building of the Sanctuary. We are told that the people, who just committed the terrible sin of the Golden Calf, have now turned their hearts back to God. They give the necessary materials for building the Sanctuary (cloth, skins, precious gems and metals, etc.) with so much generosity and zeal that the workers have to ask Moses to command that the people stop bringing these items, as there is far too much material for the workers to use.
The manufacture of the separate parts of the Sanctuary is completed, and God decrees that it be assembled on the first day of the first month, which is the first of Aviv (now called Nissan), the spiritual New Year. After erecting the Sanctuary, Moses anoints the building, the items in it and the Priests. After doing so, God's Shekinah glory so fills the tent that even Moses is not able to go inside. From that moment on, the cloud stays over the tent to show that God is ever-present (during the day it was cloud, and at night the cloud was filled with fire. Imagine how awesome that must have looked!), and when the cloud was withdrawn, it went ahead of the Israelites to lead them to their next destination.
In Chapter 39, verse 42 we are told that when Moses inspected all the work the people had done, he saw that they had done everything God commanded, exactly as God had commanded them to do. Then Moses blessed them.
To me this is a very important statement, that not only had the people done all that God said should be done, but they did it as God had told them to do it– not how they thought it should look, not with whatever materials they wanted to use, or with colors they preferred, but they did it all, just as they were commanded.
Are we like that today? In my opinion, we are far from that. Look at all the different ways we have created to worship God: all the different religions, rites and regulations not found anywhere in the Scriptures. Even within Judaism, we have Chasidic, Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, Reconstructionist and Messianic sects. Yes, all read the Torah but all do not follow the commandments the same way. Yes, all are "Jews" but the Messianic Jews are not considered Jews by the other "mainstream" sects, and from some Chasidic viewpoints, they don't even consider the Orthodox as real Jews because they are more relaxed in their observances.
As anyone who reads this blog knows, my message to the world is this: God has no religion! People have created religions, and each one worships differently than the other, so by definition we can't be at the same place the Children of Israel were when the Sanctuary was built- we are not all doing what God said we should, exactly the way He said it should be done. Not one of us.
Some are closer than others, and (I am not being prejudicial here) the Jews are the closest of all, mainly because their foundation for worship is based solely on the Torah. Most Christian religions have their foundation built upon the writings of the New Covenant, and they (again, not meaning to be unfair or judgmental) for the most part ignore the Torah. Funny thing, though, is that they don't realize there is nothing in the New Covenant that is different from the Old Covenant; in truth, everything Yeshua (Jesus) taught is solely from the Tanakh (entire Old Covenant) because that was the only Word of God that existed.
God gave the Torah, through Moses, to the Jewish people in order for them to do as God wants us all to do- they were supposed to show the world how we all are to behave. God called the nation of Israel to be a nation of Priests and, as such, examples to the rest of the world regarding how to worship Him and how to treat each other. Torah was given to the Jews, but it is for the whole world.
The Tanakh (the Old Covenant) is sort of a "Torah 101" class for the world.
A few millennia later, along comes Yeshua, the Son of God and Messiah to the world. He is sent to the Jewish people because they are God's Chosen nation, and have already had the prerequisite class, Torah 101. Now, it is time for Yeshua to teach the advanced class, Torah 202. Since this was an advanced class, everything He taught was based on the previous teachings. He goes beyond just teaching Torah by using the entire Tanakh to demonstrate who He is and to instruct the Jewish people so they can have a more advanced understanding of Torah. The Jewish people knew the P'Shat, the written words, of the Torah but did not understand the deeper meanings; Yeshua taught the Remez and Drash of the Torah (for a detailed description of Torah exegesis, click here: Pardes), which is why He used parables and riddles.
You see, Yeshua wanted to give the people a deeper understanding of what God was saying to them, and these lessons were very advanced. By using parables and riddles, which require deep thought to find and understand the answer, He was teaching them the tools they needed to be able to more completely understand the Bible. I think that is why Yeshua was surprised that after three years with Him, His own Disciples did not understand the meaning of many of His parables. Ultimately, as with His Disciples at that first Shavuot after His resurrection (Pentecost), it is after we have the Ruach Ha Kodesh, the Holy Spirit, within us that through that Spirit we can see the deepest meanings of God's word.
Moses blessed the people for doing what God said to do, the way God said to do it. If Moses is willing to bless for doing as God said, think how much more willing God will be to bless for doing as He says! In fact, if you read Deuteronomy 28, you will get a detailed listing of all the blessings God will shower on you for acting in accordance with the Torah. But don't stop there- read on to learn of all the T'souris (curses) you will suffer if you refuse to obey. God won't really do all those bad things to you because that you get just for living in the cursed world we live in. God's blessings are protection from the world, and we have that protection when we walk under His wings, i.e. obey His word in the way He said we should.
I am not saying that anyone who is not strictly in accordance with the Torah will go to Hell- no one can live strictly in accordance with the Torah, which is why we needed the Messiah! Duh! What I am saying is that God will send more blessings to you, the more you are in obedience to His instructions. Yeshua's sacrifice covers our sin, but only when we are truly repentant of that sin; if you think that Yeshua died for your sins so you can live your life any-old-way you want to, you are in for a very unpleasant surprise!
It's really simple: God gave the Torah to the Jews to show the world how to be. The closer we are to observing the Torah, the more blessed we will be; it should be no surprise that the converse is true, meaning that the further away we are from Torah observance, the less blessed we will be. Ignoring the Torah entirely will result in eternal damnation.
As with everything else, you need to make up your own mind: do you want to be more blessed, or less blessed?
"All who call on the name of the Lord will be saved" (Joel 2:32) is a very comforting thought.
Are any of you reading this surprised to see me cite Joel? Were you perhaps thinking this is from Acts 2:21 or, maybe, it's in Romans 10:13? You are correct: we do find this verse in each of those letters, but the writer was quoting Joel. In fact, there is nothing "new" in the New Covenant- it is all, every single word, based entirely on what is found in the Tanakh.
And when Joel said this, just like when Shaul (Paul) repeated it centuries later, the meaning was not that calling on the Lord is all you have to do, but that calling on the Lord is only the start of what you have to do, and continue to do for the rest of your life.
What is "calling on the Lord?" Is is asking for forgiveness? Yes. Is it asking to be rescued from a dangerous situation? Yes. Is it asking to be saved from your sinful lifestyle and the consequences that come from it? Yes, of course it does. But does it mean call on Him once and that's it? You don't need to do anything else?
Being forgiven is something that comes easily because the One who forgives wants to do so. It wasn't so easy for Yeshua (Jesus) to provide the pathway to salvation, but it is easy for us to get on that road. There is no toll booth, no "Exact Change Required", and no traffic.
However, it is a rough road to travel.
As we go along our way, we need to stop in to the churches and synagogues that are along the road to get refreshed, and we need to avoid the "tourist traps" that have billboards all along the road. They want you to get off the road and travel to their hotel, or inn, or restaurant. They offer free drinks, free food and free accommodations. They are enticing and very hard to resist when you have been travelling a bumpy and dusty road.
And this isn't to prove to Him how serious we are- God sees the heart, He knows our desires and our inner-most truths. The reason we have to go through hell-on-earth to avoid going to hell-for-eternity is to prove to each one of us that we are serious. We are the ones that need to know what is truly in our hearts because, as humans, we lie to ourselves. If we lie to ourselves, then when we tell others the same lie it isn't really a lie, right? After all, we believe it to be the truth, so when we tell someone else it isn't lying, right?
Wrong. It is a lie, but it is not a lie of volition, it is a lie of omission. We omit the truth about something by pretending and convincing ourselves that it doesn't exist or that what we are being told is not the truth.
For instance, if you thought that the quote at the start of this message was original to the New Covenant, that is a lie, but a lie that you were taught is the truth by someone who also was taught it was the truth. The lie is not where the verse originated as much as the lie that it is a Christian "thing." Many Christian teachings are designed to ignore the Old Covenant because that is for Jews, and not for "us". They are saved by their Torah but we have the Blood of Christ!
That is also a lie. Christians aren't the only ones who have the Blood of Christ because Jews have the blood of Christ, too. Muslims have the Blood of Christ, as well. Buddhists, Hindi's, Atheists, Skin-heads, Nazi's, everyone has the Blood of Christ to save them! He didn't die just for Christians- He died for everyone. His blood doesn't care who you are or what you believed in- when you call to the Lord for salvation, it is there for you. I, you, we are saved by the Blood of the Messiah, no matter what we did before we called on His name.
And when we call on His name, that is just the start.
Once you have been given salvation, it is not set in stone. No one can take it away, that's true, but we can easily (as many do) throw it away. God gives you a ticket to get into the Garden of Eden, but you have to get there yourself. He provides the divine GPS, the Ruach HaKodesh (Holy Spirit) to lead us and help keep us on the pathway, but there are all those billboards. Come in for free drinks; children eat free; get a free night's stay for every night you sleep here (Hotel California); take this short cut to the same destination because our road is smooth, and the gas is free!
The signs are enticing, they are overwhelming, and they are constantly in our faces. But they do not lead us to the place we want to go. That is why salvation is easy to get, and hard to keep, because the world we have to live in is cursed and sinful and it wants us to join it as badly as God wants us to be separated from it.
Baruch atah Adonai, Eloheinu, Melech Ha Olam, asher kidshanu, b'mitzvotav, vitzivanu… which means: Blessed are you, oh Lord our God, King of the Universe, who has sanctified us with Your commandments….
To be sanctified, to be made holy, means to be separated. And what we need to be, and remain separated from, is sin. Sin is all around us, not to mention living inside of us. It is our nature to sin, and that is why the road is so bumpy and difficult to travel: we have to overcome our own desires, and it is so much harder to do that when all we see, every mile, at every exit ramp, is the sinful world calling out and beckoning to us with rich and pleasurable rewards if we would only return to it.
Don't be fooled. Stay the course, keep running the good race, and keep your eyes on the prize. Please believe me, or better yet, believe God when He tells you that the rewards at the end of your trek will be more than worth the effort it takes to get there.
Finally! The long awaited sequel is out, "Son of…..
If you are a Baby-Boomer like me, you remember the great movies that had sequels. For my younger readers, that's when you find out what happened after what you are watching. Today they're all about prequels, finding out what happened before what you are watching occurred.
We had "Son of Kong", "Son of Paleface", "Son of Zorn", "Tarzan Finds a Son"…movies that took the popularity of the original and continued the story line.
To me, that's exactly what the New Covenant writings are all about. Growing up Jewish, all I ever heard about Jesus and the New Covenant was that Jesus was Jewish, a Rabbi, and he started a new religion called Catholicism. I was also told that the New Covenant is their bible, not ours. Oh, yes- and all the other Gentile religions came out of Catholicism.
Now I know the truth is very, very different. Nearly 20 years ago, when I first started to look for God and wanted to finally decide about what relationship, if any, I was going to have with Him, I researched for myself; I read the New Covenant (a Messianic version, which bold printed everything that was directly from the Old Covenant, so nearly every page had 1/3-1/2 of it bold printed), I talked to mature Christians who were open and knowledgeable about their Hebraic roots (thank the Lord He directed them to me), and eventually (after I decided to believe before I actually did believe) I learned the truth about who Jesus (His real name is Yeshua) was, and is, and who is the real creator of modern day Christianity.
Oh, in case you're interested, Christianity as it is known and practiced today did not come from Jesus- it came from Constantine and the Council of Nicene.
The Old Covenant is all about God, really. Yes, we learn of the Jewish people, their good times and their bad; we also learn of the other people of those days. We read about the events that happened to both Jews and Gentiles, the destruction of the Northern kingdom of Shomron (Israel), the destruction of the first temple, exile to Babylon and the last king, Zedekiah, which was about 570 some-odd years before Yeshua. After him the only other major event, before the New Covenant events, was the Maccabees and the story of Hanukkah, about 400 years before Yeshua. This is where the OC ends, still waiting for the Messiah to come.
Despite all the events, peoples and kings, the one character in the Old Covenant that is steadily seen and heard throughout the book, who is the progenitor, hero, and star of the show, is God.
Now the title to today's post seems to make sense, doesn't it?
Just like the old sequels, the first book introduces the hero and leaves us with a promise of more to come. The Messiah never appeared, although He had been mentioned and prophesied about throughout the book. With the NC, we have a culmination of writings about this guy Jesus who claimed to be the Messiah, and also said He was the Son of God.
And if you ask me, He did a pretty good job of proving that what He said was true!
"Jesus" was used for His name because the Greek's had no reference for a name which meant "God's salvation", so they used Jesu, which means nothing in and of itself, but sounds like "Yeshua." That's right- "Jesus" is a Latin-ized version of a transliteration that has no etymological root.
The OC promised a Messiah to bring the Jewish people back to God, and also that the Jewish people would be a blessing to the world; eventually, the final promise is of paradise with all the nations of the world worshiping God. That is, worshiping God as He told us we should in the Torah. The NC is the continuation of that story, introducing the promised Messiah, showing how He proved who He was/is, and ending with a number of epilogues (the Epistles) that showed how the truth of Messiah was spread throughout the world. This book has no sequel because the end is eternity with God and Yeshua. All the bad guys are destroyed, the world is created anew, and those that have been faithful to the King have been rewarded with eternal peace and life forever in the presence of the King.
Nice ending; nice "Son of" sequel; all-around nice story. The best part of the whole thing is that it is real-life, and those who accept the truth of it are also part of the story, along with the Father and the Son, and we all end up in Paradise together.
What is the greatest fear of all? It's not really death, or pain, or suffering. The greatest fear of all is the fear of loss.
Being afraid isn't, in and of itself, a bad thing- fear of pain is what makes us cautious and helps to avoid hurting ourselves. Fear of financial loss is what directs our decisions in investing to use discretion. Fear of death is what keeps us from doing those stupid things you see on TV and YouTube.
And fear of the Lord is what makes us courageous enough to overcome the human, fleshly fears that plague us. Fear of the Lord is trusting in God, it is honoring Him by obeying His word, it is the confidence that we receive knowing that He is always faithful to those who are faithful to Him, and that, unlike human promises, God's promises are so trustworthy and dependable that what He says He will do is already historic fact.
If you tell people you are Born Again but still allow fear to control your life, stop being afraid, already!
Cowardice is something to be ashamed of; fear is natural, and courage is the ability to overcome fear. We are all afraid of something, of losing something, and that is not the problem: that is being human. What we need to do is overcome that fear by trusting in God.
He knew that death only meant coming into the Kingdom and attaining eternal joy and peace. Heck- he was more willing to die than to live.
…for everyone born of God overcomes the world. This is the victory that has overcome the world, even our faith.
The bible is rife with expressions of bravery in the face of our human fears, and it all depends on our faith in God.
God is special; God is wonderful; God is great, powerful and those who have God in them are able to overcome the world. That which is in me is greater than that which is in the world (look that one up on your own) and when we demonstrate that to the world through our faithful courage and perseverance, we glorify God, Messiah Yeshua and His kingdom.
So, nu? Are you glorifying God or disgracing His name? Yeshua said when we see Him we see the Father- that is because He said what the Father told Him to say, He did what the Father wanted Him to do, and He did it fearlessly. Everything Yeshua did glorified His Father in heaven.
We can't be the same way Yeshua was, but we can certainly be more like Him than like ourselves. And that is the testimony we show to the world about God.
God told Joshua to be brave and be bold because God was with him- that's good advice for all of us.
And God loves me enough to punish you, too.
Sounds a little backwards, doesn't it? If God loves you, why punish me? To me the answer is very simple to understand- God is just and true, dependable, and righteous. That means, despite how much He loves every one of us, He will do as He says He will do when it comes to the unrepentant and sinful at Judgment Day.
I get really sick to my stomach when I hear people who talk about God only in terms of His love. Yes, love is important, and yes, love is what we are to do to each other, and yes, God is love.
But He is also righteousness, He is also truth, He is also very hard to follow in a world that hates and rejects not just Him, but all those who follow Him. Yeshua said to follow Him we must give up everything that we have held dear, even those things that we were raised with, people we know and love, but are sinful . Sin is very comfortable and fits us like a glove, whereas righteousness needs an expert tailor to make it feel (at least) wearable. Love helps to overcome, but it doesn't overcome everything.
I think the people who only want to talk about God as love, loving everyone and every single thing, and their discussion always comes down to how God loves us are probably enablers in their own lives. Love is not acceptance of wrongdoing; love is not acceptance of sin; love is not acceptance of improper behavior. Do you think Yeshua showed "love" when He made a whip of cords and drove out the businessmen from the Temple courts? Did they feel the love? And what about when God sent fire and brimstone down on Sodom and Gomorrah? Or the fire that destroyed the (total of) 100 men who came after Elijah?
Or the death of Ananias and his wife Sapphira in Acts? And the way Yeshua talked to the Pharisees? Insulting them, calling them "white-washed sepulchers?" Was that a term of endearment?
God is totally just and His love is truly remarkable, but that isn't all He is about. He is about zealousness for His laws, determination to live as He says and not as the world demands, and strength and honesty. God is not about lovey-dovey dreck: He is a strong and glorious God who is about truth, devotion, faithful obedience, and love. But love for what is right also makes Him a jealous and fearful God! God is love, all right, but not human "mamby-pampy everything is love, you are love, I am love, God is love, love love love, love is all you need" kind of love.
God is about the hard love that brings people into righteousness.
I accept God as my God, I accept Yeshua as the Messiah God sent to us, and I also accept that love is the keystone of salvation, but it is not the whole building. There is also the need for punishment for those who reject God. If we can't trust God to punish the wicked, we can't trust Him to reward the righteous. It's that simple- God is totally binomial: right or wrong, truth or lie, just or unjust. If you notice, throughout the bible when God gives us a commandment, those who violate it first are punished most severely, and it seems that later on people catch a break. In Numbers we read how the man that gathered sticks on Shabbat, right after God said do not work, was stoned to death, but in Ezra's day they bought and sold on Shabbat and no one was killed for it. Yes, it was a bit later, but God is the same today, tomorrow and yesterday, so His laws are just as important today and tomorrow as they were yesterday. God's mercy, which comes from His love, prevented us from totally destroying ourselves. He gave us His laws and when we first violated them His punishment was swift and terrible, but as we continued to violate His laws His mercy showed (mercy from love) in His tolerance for our wrongdoing. But that didn't stop Him from punishing Shomron and dispersing His people throughout the world, and it didn't stop Him from destroying His own house and nearly destroying Judea.
The ultimate sign of His love was sending Yeshua, His only begotten Son, to die so that we can be absolved of our own sinfulness.
God's love for us doesn't override His punishment for those that don't love Him back, and I don't think that He expects us to allow sin in our lives or to accept sin from others. We are to be holy, meaning separated, from the society of the world. We are to hate the sin, and love the sinner. But not love them to the point where we accept what they do in the name of love- we are to reject the sinner who continues to sin. We are to ostracize those who sin, even our own brothers and sisters. Those who plow and look back are not fit for the kingdom of God, so said Yeshua, which means we must go forth and not cling to the past. Our past is sin, our present is grace, and our future is salvation- as long as we walk the walk.
What I am trying to say is that love is fine and love is wonderful, but it may be the alpha and omega, but there is plenty of stuff in between, and we need to recognize all the factors that go into living a righteous life. If we want to live as Yeshua lived we need to understand this: It ain't easy being Him!
I was reading (in the New Covenant writings) some of the Epistles to the Messianic Communities in the Diaspora this weekend and noticed how Shaul (Paul) and Kefa (Peter) write in a way that seems to indicate God has predestined those who will be saved.
There are other verses in the Bible that seem to indicate we were chosen beforehand, that we are the elect, the special ones who have found favor, yadda-yadda-yadda. It got me wondering if there really is something to the idea of predestination, which says God has already made His decision about who will go and who will not.
But then I came to my senses. I thought that if we are predestined, then the prayers for my children, and everyone else's prayers for those who are not saved to be saved, are useless. The divine commission to make disciples is a waste of time because those who are chosen will become disciples without us and those who are rejected , well, tough luck! Why waste my breath, why "kick against the goads" to make Believers out of non-believers if those who are to be will be and those who are not to be are already screwed?
Ridiculous, isn't it? All these verses don't mean that an individual is chosen and another individual is rejected, it means that God has formed the way for everyone to find salvation through Messiah Yeshua. It means that what He has done is to choose life for us and provide the means for us to take hold of it.
In Ezekiel 18 God says that he doesn't want anyone to die and that He wishes all sinners would turn from their sin, and live. God isn't a liar, so if He wants people to turn from their sins, then he must have made it possible for us to make our own decisions about what we do or don't do.
Another argument for free will is that God owns everything, He is in control of everything (although that doesn't mean He does control everything- He can, but He chooses what to control and what to leave alone) and yet, there is one thing that He cannot control or have unless we give it to Him: our love, faithfulness and obedience. If we have the ability to choose to give God our love and faith, then we have the ability to choose to reject Him.
Ability to choose is called Free Will.
Next time you run into a Calvinist, or anyone who says that God has predetermined or predestined those who will be saved, enlighten that person with Ezekiel 18 and the above argument for free will. You can even throw this in, if it comes down to it: if God has chosen who will be saved and who won't, then why did He need to send Messiah Yeshua to die for our sins? After all, those chosen are already in and those rejected have no chance, so why provide a means through which your fate can be changed? If your fate is sealed before you are born, then why tell us that all who call on the name of the Lord will be saved?
Without free will, this whole Messiah "thing" makes absolutely no sense.
God has given us free will: it was evident in the Garden, it is clear throughout the history of the Jewish people and the writings of the New Covenant. It is clear from the many times God has stated through the Psalms and the prophets that He wants us to turn from our sin so that we can live. Why ask us to turn if He has already decided?
I'll tell you who really doesn't want you to have free will- religion. That thing called "religion" is dogmatic, stoic, and enabling. It doesn't want you to think, it wants you to follow. It doesn't want you to question, it wants you to obey, blindly. It doesn't want you to decide for yourself what is the truth, it wants you accept without question what it tells you is the truth.
God has no religion, only rules. He tells us how to worship Him, and how to treat each other. And we have the right, the God-given right, to decide for ourselves if we will do what God says or not.
Free will is a two-edged sword: it cuts both ways. Do as God says and the world will hate you, do as the world says and you have to reject God (He still loves you, but His judgment will be righteous.) So, whatever you choose, understand that it is your choice. If you choose to do what you are told by religion, without question or investigation, that is a choice.
We all have been given free will to make out own choice- better make sure it's the right one!
Third Biggest Lie: If you are Jewish and you believe Jesus is the Messiah then you can't be Jewish anymore.
That's what I have been told, and not just by Jews but the Christian world teaches that, also. They don't come right out and say it, but the teachings are based on misunderstanding of the letters from Paul (Shaul) to the Romans and Galatians, which have been used as a polemic against following the Torah when they are really an apologetic explaining why it is still absolutely necessary to follow the Torah. There are also many subtle anti-Semitic terms in the New Covenant writings, no matter whether it is King James, NIV, or whatever. Unless you have a Messianic New Covenant, the First Century Jews and Pagans who accepted Yeshua as the Messiah God promised are called the "Church"- that is just not right. There was no "church", at least not as we know the word to be used today. There were Jews and pagans becoming Jews. They met in groups and homes, and if we need to label them in any way, the best term would be Kahillot, the plural of the Hebrew word Kahal, which means congregation. The first century Jews who accepted Yeshua to be the true Messiah remained (and worshiped as) Jews. The pagans who accepted Yeshua as the Messiah of the Jews began to become Jewish, since there were no other religions. You were either a pagan of one sort or another, or a Jew. When you stopped being a pagan, you had no choice but to be a Jew. Duh! So, where did we go wrong? When did accepting the Jewish Messiah require converting to Christianity? Sometime around the time when the second biggest lie started.
Second Biggest Lie: Jesus founded Christianity.
Jesus never founded Christianity. He preached only to Jews and used Torah as His only source. After the resurrection and the inclusion of the Gentiles into salvation (Acts 10) , as more and more Gentiles joined the movement it became (I believe) less and less attractive to the "everyday" Jewish person. After the suppression by Emperor Hadrian of the Bar Kochba revolt (132-136 AD) being Jewish meant being subject to persecution. If you were a Jew who accepted Yeshua or a Gentile who did the same thing, it was less "dangerous" to be Christian than Jewish. Frankly speaking, the more Gentiles that accepted Yeshua the less appealing it became to Jews (my opinion) and the further from Torah they traveled (historical fact.) By the Third Century when Emperor Constantine had "legitimatized" Christianity (as it was being called then) and began to form doctrine and canon at the Council of Nicene, the schism was complete and Christianity was totally different from Judaism. The apple had fallen far from the tree.
Biggest Lie about Jesus: If you are a Christian the Torah is not applicable to you.
Acts, Galatians, and Romans are the three Epistles that (I believe) have damaged the truth about being a follower of Yeshua with regard to being responsible to follow the commandments and regulations found in the Torah. As we saw in the lie above, as more and more Gentiles entered the group of Jewish Believers, the Mosaic law became not a means of worshiping but a stumbling block. I mean, really- I want to be saved by this Yeshua you have told me about, but I have to let you cut what off my what? I would certainly have to think twice about that one. Especially because no one had invented Novocaine yet! Also, I have been eating anything I wanted to eat, and now I can't eat any shellfish or pork?
I separate biblical Kosher from Rabbinical- biblical Kosher, as I call it, means essentially no pork or shellfish, but Rabbinical Kosher is keeping in alignment with what the Rabbi's say: different dishes, no meat and dairy at all, and an entire host of rules and regulations that are hard and complicated to follow, even back then.
Even to be biblically Kosher was a big move and (again, this is just what I believe) these requirements were, for many, a deal-breaker. Clearly, strict and immediate adherence to Torah was a significant barrier, which is why in Acts 15 they reduced the requirements to be a new Believer to just the 4 rules about food and fornication. What people miss, though, is that they say these are just the initial requirements, and the next sentence states that they will be seeing the laws of Moses every day in the Temple. The clear meaning of that is that Torah will be taught to them, eventually. The "Christian world" has conveniently failed to mention that part. Yeshua said, in Matthew 5:17, he did not come to change the laws. And when He said He came to fulfill them that meant, in the language of the day, that He was interpreting them correctly. Fulfilling a law doesn't mean doing away with it: if that was true, when you next come to a stop sign or a red light and the car ahead of you comes to a full stop, you don't need to. That car fulfilled the law so it is no longer valid.
Yeah, right- try that one on the cop when he is writing the ticket.
The truth is simple: Jesus, Yeshua, was Jewish and lived a Jewish lifestyle. In fact, His "claim to fame" is that He lived Torah exactly, perfectly, and as the sinless Lamb of God was acceptable as the sacrifice for sin for all mankind. If Yeshua did not live Torah perfectly, He was not sinless and was not an acceptable sacrifice. Simple. However, since He was raised, then He did live Torah perfectly.
The Christian world asks that the followers of Jesus live as Jesus lived and do as Jesus did. Then they tell you that Torah is only for Jews because Christians have Grace. Grace came from Torah, so without Torah there can be no Grace- that is the message Shaul was trying to get across in Romans.
What Jesus taught was to worship God not just in action but in mind and heart. Jesus was the living Word, and the only word was Torah- reject the Torah and you reject Jesus.
Stop living a lie and get with the program.


NEW Audio-technica sound reality Hi Res audio Bluetooth ATH-DSR7BT free EMS speedpost. JUST released on Nov 25, 2016 in Japan. 29.2 x 23.1 x 10.4 cm ; 1.1 Kg. It is sent from JAPAN.
Lacking of accessories is not acceptable. The item "New Audio-technica sound reality Hi Res audio ATH-DSR7BT from Japan free EMS" is in sale since Saturday, October 27, 2018. This item is in the category "Consumer Electronics\Portable Audio & Headphones\Headphones". The seller is "japantokyoseller11" and is located in Tokyo. This item can be shipped worldwide.


Sexual Abuse continues to be exposed. Tonight. A Mexican Crossing Lines takes aim at the abusers in our mist within so-called progressive media organizations. Truth Against The Machine, TYT, The Wolves Den, Activate Now and others.


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Боме́тт () — муніципалітет у Франції, у регіоні Прованс — Альпи — Лазурний Берег, департамент Воклюз. Населення —  осіб (2011).

Муніципалітет розташований на відстані близько 600 км на південь від Парижа, 65 км на північ від Марселя, 33 км на схід від Авіньйона.

Демографія

Розподіл населення за віком та статтю (2006):

Економіка

У 2010 році в муніципалітеті числилось 95 оподаткованих домогосподарств, у яких проживали 220,5 особи, медіана доходів виносила  євро на одного особоспоживача

Галерея зображень

Посилання

 Бометт на сайті французького Національного інституту географії
 Бометт на сайті французького Національного інституту статистики й економічних досліджень
 [ Розташування муніципалітету Бометт на мапі Франції та сусідні муніципалітети]

Див. також
 Список муніципалітетів департаменту Воклюз

Примітки

Муніципалітети департаменту Воклюз

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Lo and behold, reveries of the connected world är en amerikansk dokumentärfilm från 2016 i regi av Werner Herzog. Den handlar om Internets historia, dess påverkan på mänskligheten och om informationsteknologins framtid.

Visningar
Filmen hade världspremiär vid Sundance Film Festival 2016 och visades bland annat vid BAM Cinemafest och AFI Docs samma år. Den gick upp på amerikanska biografer och digitala plattformar den 19 augusti 2016.

Mottagande
Tim Grierson på Screen Daily skrev: "Så som ofta är fallet med Herzogs filmer innehåller Lo and behold färgstarka personligheter och en lekfullt kosmisk anda av vördnad, men filmen kan även vara otroligt rörande och tillnyktrande." Grierson skrev vidare: "Sant, vart och ett av Lo and beholds 10 kapitel skulle kunna utökas till en egen fullängdssdokumentär, men Herzogs flyktiga nedslag i olika frågor resulterar i en film som är tankeväckande och behagligt öppen."

Källor

Externa länkar
 Officiell hemsida

Amerikanska dokumentärfilmer
Amerikanska filmer 2016
Engelskspråkiga filmer
Filmer i regi av Werner Herzog
Filmer om Internet


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Q: What did I do wrong while computing this infinite series? $\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}{\frac{1}{2^k}+i\cdot \frac{1}{3^k}}$
What did I do wrong while computing this infinite series?
  $\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\left(\frac{1}{2^k}+i\cdot \frac{1}{3^k}\right)$

here's my attempt:

What did I do wrong?

A: The problem is that$$\sum_{k=1}^\infty\frac1{2^k}=\frac{\frac12}{1-\frac12}=1.$$

A: I think there are two issues. Firstly, the result
$$
\sum_{k=0}^\infty x^k = \frac{1}{1-x}
$$
only holds if your lower index is $k=0$ and you have $k=1$ everywhere.
Second, even though you are trying to sum
$$
\sum_{k=0}^\infty \left(\frac{1}{2^k} + \frac{i}{3^k}\right),
$$
I think what you really intend to sum is
$$
\sum_{k=0}^\infty \left(\frac{1}{2^k} + \frac{k}{3^k}\right)...
$$

A: Remember that, for $a \in \mathbb{R}$ and $a \neq 1$,
$$
\sum_{k=1}^n a^k = a^1 \times \frac{1-a^n}{1-a}
$$
Thus, if $\vert a \vert < 1$, we have
$$
\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} a^k = \frac{a}{1-a}
$$
because $a^n \longrightarrow 0$ as $n \longrightarrow +\infty$.

A: we know that $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} r^n = \frac{1}{1-r}$ if $|r| <1$. In your case $\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{2^{k}} = \frac{1}{2}(2)=1$ and similarly you can find other sum.

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Microorganisms with Probiotic Properties
Written by Acharya Tankeshwar in General Microbiology Last Updated October 28, 2021
Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Species of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are most commonly used as probiotics. The yeast Saccharomyces boulardii and specific strains of Streptococcus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, Bacillus, Escherichia coli are also used as probiotics.
Beneficial effects of lactic acid bacteria (Image source)
The biological effects of probiotics are strain-specific and that the success or failure of one strain cannot be extrapolated to another strain. Probiotic strains are sub-cultures of almost identical cells, ideally derived from the same mother cell. A probiotic strain is identified by the genus, species, subspecies (if applicable), and an alphanumeric designation that identifies a specific strain. For example, Lactobacillus casei DN-114001 or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG.
Nomenclature used for probiotic microorganisms
Genus Species Subspecies Strain Designation Strain Nickname
Lactobacillus rhamnosus None GG LGG
Bifidobacterium rnimalis lactis DNA-173 010 Bifidus regularis
Bifidobacterium longum longum 35624 Bifantis
Important properties of strains to be considered for probiotics use are:
Characteristics of potential probiotics
ability to reduce pathogen adhesion to surfaces
adherence to mucus and/or human epithelial cells and cell lines
Ability to proliferate and colonise the digestive tract
antimicrobial activity against potentially pathogenic bacteria or fungi
bile acid resistance
Safety in food and clinical use
resistance to gastric acidity
Lactobacillus
Bifidobacterium
Enterococcus
Escherichia
Bacillus
Review Best Commercial Probiotics Products
The genus Lactobacillus includes various Gram-positive facultative anaerobic or microaerophilic rod-shaped bacteria. They are a major part of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) group that can convert hexose sugars to lactic acid. In humans, Lactobacilli are normally present in the vagina and gastrointestinal tract where they inhibit harmful bacteria by making acidic environments. Some Lactobacilli are used for the production of yogurt, cheese, sauerkraut, pickles, sourdough, wine, and other fermented products.
Lactobacilli species are commonly selected as probiotics since they express many crucial properties such as high tolerance to acid and bile, capability to adhere to intestinal surfaces, withstanding low pH of gastric juice, inhibiting potentially pathogenic species, resisting antibiotics, producing exopolysaccharides, and removing cholesterol. Studies have shown that certain strains of Lactobacilli are effective in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea, preventing recurrent UTI in adult women, etc.
Most common probiotic species of Lactobacillus are as follows:
L. acidophilus
L. brevis
L. bulgaricus
L. casei
L. paracasei
L. plantarum
L. reuteri
L. rhamnosus
L. salivarius
L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus
Lactobacillus animalis subsp. lactis
Lactobacillus casei strain shirota
Strains of the genus Bifidobacterium are also commonly used as probiotics either alone or in a cocktail with other probiotic bacteria. The genus Bifidobacterium includes various Gram-positive non-motile anaerobic bacteria. They are endosymbiotic inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract and vagina of mammals, including humans.
Bifidobacterium species have been proven effective to treat constipation, travelers' diarrhea, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, food allergies, and cholesterol-lowering capacities.
Most common probiotic species of Bifidobacterium are as follows:
B. adolescentis
B. bifidum
B. breve
B. infantis
B. longum
B. lactis
B.animalis subsp lactis
S. boulardii has been used extensively as a probiotic, both as a dietary supplement and as a drug. S. boulardii is a live yeast and is available in a lyophilized form to treat diarrhea. Administration of S. boulardii has shown positive effects for patients with irritable bowel syndrome, recurrent pseudomembranous colitis, preventing and treating relapses of inflammatory bowel disease, and treating moderate symptoms of ulcerative colitis.
Saccharomyces boulardii fungemia secondary to use of the probiotic has been described for critically ill patients.
S. thermophilus, also known as Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus is a gram-positive cocci of the group viridans streptococci. Streptococcus thermophilus is used as a starter culture for the production of yogurt alongside Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus).
Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus improve lactose digestion and reduce symptoms related to lactose intolerance.
E. faecalis and E. faecium are commonly used probiotic strains of the genera Enterococcus. Enterococcus faecium has been used to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea but growing evidence suggests that certain strains of E. faecium can act as an opportunistic pathogen, so they are no longer regarded safe for human consumption. They are still used as probiotics for animals.
Escherichia coli, a prominent member of the family Enterobacteriaceae is an opportunistic pathogen and number one cause of UTI in females. E. coli is a normal flora of the intestine and contains a probiotic strain named E. coli Nissle 1917.
E. coli-based probiotics (E. coli Nissle) have been effective in reducing symptoms of constipation and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This strain has the potential to reduce gastrointestinal disorders, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, even colon cancer, however, more research is necessary.
Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus mesentericus are the most commonly used probiotic species of Bacillus genera and have been used successfully to treat antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Bacillus is a gram-positive spore-forming aerobic or facultative aerobic rod.
If you want to check commercial probiotic products, the amazon website can be a good platform. You can follow this link Review Best Commercial Probiotics Products and view/purchase various types of commercial probiotics based on your needs.
References and further readings
Probiotics and prebiotics. World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines-2017
Fijan, S. (2014). Microorganisms with Claimed Probiotic Properties: An Overview of Recent Literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(5), 4745–4767. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110504745
Kneifel, W., & Domig, K. J. (2014). Probiotic Bacteria: Detection and Estimation in Fermented and Nonfermented Dairy Products. In C. A. Batt & M. L. Tortorello (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology (Second Edition) (pp. 154–157). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384730-0.00271-8
Office of Dietary Supplements—Probiotics. Retrieved June 28, 2021, from https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Probiotics-HealthProfessional/
Acharya Tankeshwar
Hello, thank you for visiting my blog. I am Tankeshwar Acharya. Blogging is my passion. As an asst. professor, I am teaching microbiology and immunology to medical and nursing students at PAHS, Nepal. I have been working as a microbiologist at Patan hospital for more than 10 years.
One thought on "Microorganisms with Probiotic Properties"
Kelvin mubanga says:
What is the reference for this information
link to Blood Collection Tubes: Significance of Color Coding
Blood Collection Tubes: Significance of Color Coding
Different tests and biochemical assays require varying types of sample collection tubes. In-vitro analysis of blood samples can be performed in clinical laboratories using serum or...
link to Conical Flask: Features, Applications, and Advantages
Conical Flask: Features, Applications, and Advantages
A conical flask is a type of laboratory flask with a wide, flat bottom and an inverted cylindrical neck used in scientific work for transportation, storage, and mixing purposes. It is also commonly...

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text:
United Launch Alliance (ULA)
Florida's Space Coast Economy is Booming
January 10, 2019 in Space Coast Real Estate & Economy
Image from Viera.com
Florida's Space Coast was hit hard during the 2008 economic recession; many of the area's aerospace and defense companies laid off hundreds of skilled workers. Ten years later, the local economy is once again booming. With the return of aerospace jobs, and an influx of new tech and tourism companies entering the area, and an affordable housing market, some are even calling the Space Coast "The next Silicon Valley."
High profile companies like Elon Musk's SpaceX and Jeff Bezos' Blue Origin, among others, have put space exploration back in the national spotlight. As NASA announces new missions to the moon and begins to look to the future on Mars, new start-ups and old names alike are bringing high-paying aerospace jobs to Central Florida by the thousands in what's been dubbed the new space race.
But aerospace isn't the only sector that's growing: the housing market is growing by leaps and bounds, and new construction in the area has more than double over the last 5 years. Port Canaveral, Cocoa Beach, and Melbourne are growing attractions for tourists with a wide variety of cruises, local shopping, art, and more, breaking records for visitors at any given time in Florida's history.
Read more about the Space Coast's economic boom in UPI's article. If you are planning to visit the Space Coast and are in need of accommodations, give us a call at (321)-784-5046 or e-mail us at [email protected]! Relocating to area? We also do real estate!
ULA's Atlas V Lifts Off on October 17th
October 15, 2018 in Space Coast Rocket Launches
Photograph courtesy of NASA
United Launch Alliance (ULA) will be launching an Atlas V rocket on October 17th from Cape Canaveral. The launch is set to liftoff at 12:15am, carrying the AEHF-4 satellite to orbit. The craft, developed by Lockheed Martin, is a military communications satellite. Since the launch is outside of normal business hours, the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex will not be open for launch viewing.
The rocket launch will be visible for most of the surrounding Space Coast. Our beautiful beaches are popular launch viewing locations. Jetty Park, Port Canaveral, and the Cocoa Beach Pier are also popular viewing spots. Check your local weather station for up to date weather reports.
For more information about the launch and the upcoming launch schedule on the Space Coast, visit the official Kennedy Space Center website. Learn more about ULA and look out for the launch livestream on the official ULA website. If you are planning to visit the Space Coast and are in need of accommodations, give us a call at (321)-784-5046 or e-mail us at [email protected]!
NASA Launching Probe to Touch the Sun, August 11th
August 9, 2018 in Space Coast Rocket Launches
Image from Kennedy Space Center
On August 11th, the Space Coast will see a rare Delta IV Heavy launch from Cape Canaveral. The 45 minute launch window is set for the early hours of Saturday morning, between 3:48am and about 4:30am. The probe is named after Eugene Parker, the astrophysicist who correctly predicted the existence of solar winds in 1958. The probe will leave Earth's orbit and make a short trip to Venus, where the craft will loop around to slow down before it approaches the Sun on November 5th to begin its 7 year mission. At its closet approach, the probe will fly within 4 miles of the Sun's surface, traveling through the Sun's outer atmosphere. NASA will also be hosting several special exhibits at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex over the weekend, showcasing mission details. The weather forecast for the launch indicates clear skies overnight and into the early morning hours.
We've had the pleasure of hosting many of the talented men and women from John Hopkins' Applied Physics Lab (JHUAPL) and United Launch Alliance (ULA) this summer in our oceanfront units, who have played an integral role in the development and launch of the probe. We wish them the best of luck on this historic mission!
For more information about the launch and the upcoming launch schedule on the Space Coast, visit the official Kennedy Space Center website or check out Space.com's article about the mission. For live launch updates, visit SpaceFlightNow's live launch feed. If you are planning to visit the Space Coast and are in need of accommodations, give us a call at (321)-784-5046 or e-mail us at [email protected]!
ULA's 1st Space Coast Launch of 2018 Scheduled for Thursday Night
January 15, 2018 in Space Coast Rocket Launches
Image from America Space, photo credit Jason Rhian
This Thursday, United Launch Alliance (ULA) will be kicking off its launch schedule here on the Space Coast with the flight of the Atlas V rocket. Liftoff is currently set for 7:40pm, but heavy cloud cover for most of this week may cause a delay. The mission will carry the 4th installment of the SBIRS satellite constellation into position. The SBIRS satellites are a part of the US military's early missile detection system. Thursday's weather forecast indicates heavy cloud cover and a strong breeze going into the evening hours.
For a complete launch schedule, visit the official Kennedy Space Center calendar. If you are planning to visit the Space Coast and are in need of accommodations, give us a call at (321)-784-5046 or e-mail us at [email protected]! Corporate and government rates are available for aerospace travelers!
Updated 10/9: Classified Atlas V Launch, October 5th
October 2, 2017 in Space Coast Rocket Launches
Image from Florida Today
After several delays, United Launch Alliance (ULA) will be launching an Atlas V rocket on a classified mission for the National Reconnaissance Office. The launch window will open early Thursday morning, October 5th, between 3:30am-5:00am. Bad weather is expected to continue for the Space Coast well into next week and even beyond, with a high chance of storms and rain possible for this launch window. If the weather does clear, viewers might be treated to a rare night launch and full moon combo. October's full moon is set to rise during the evening hours and set just after sunrise. Since this is a classified launch, streaming will not be available from the Atlas V rocket, but viewers can watch for local news coverage.
For the latest launch information, visit the official Kennedy Space Center launch calendar. If you are planning to visit the Space Coast and are in need of accommodations, give us a call at (321)-784-5046 or e-mail us at [email protected]!
UPDATE 10/5: This morning's launch attempt was scrubbed due to weather. The next attempt is scheduled for early Friday morning, October 6th at 4:03am.
UPDATE 10/9: After three unsuccessful attempts, a part on the rocket failed and required a rollback for replacement. No attempt has been rescheduled at this time.


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De minister voor Kabinetszaken (Minister for the Cabinet Office) is een minister in de regering van het Verenigd Koninkrijk, met de volgende verantwoordelijkheden:
 het ondersteunen en adviseren van de premier van het Verenigd Koninkrijk bij het leiden van de regering en bij het ontwikkelen en implementeren van regeringsbeleid,
 het voorzitter- of vicevoorzitterschap van commissies en uitvoeringsorganen bij de realisering van overheidsbeleid,
 de controle over grondwettelijke zaken,
 het vervangen van de premier bij diens afwezigheid,
 het behoeden van de integriteit van het Verenigd Koninkrijk.
De functie wordt in veel gevallen gecombineerd met een andere kabinetsfunctie, die van Kanselier van het Hertogdom Lancaster.

De kanselier van het Hertogdom Lancaster (Engels: Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster) is een ministerfunctie in de regering van Groot-Brittannië. Een deel van zijn taken bestaat uit het zorg dragen voor de bezittingen van de hertog(in) van Lancaster.

Van oorsprong was de kanselier de belangrijkste persoon van de staf van de hertog(in) van Lancaster en de bijbehorende gronden. Tegenwoordig ligt de leiding daarvan in handen van een plaatsvervanger, waardoor de functie van kanselier van het Hertogdom Lancaster in de praktijk bestemd is voor een minister zonder portefeuille. De post wordt vaak aan een jongere minister gegeven met verantwoordelijkheden op een bepaald terrein waar geen apart ministerie voor bestaat. Regelmatig wordt de post ook gecombineerd met de functie van minister voor Kabinetszaken (Minister for the Cabinet Office), het departement dat de premier ondersteunt.

Ministers voor Kabinetszaken van het Verenigd Koninkrijk (1997–heden)

Onderministers voor Kabinetszaken van het Verenigd Koninkrijk (2012–2015)

Onderministers voor Kabinetszaken van het Verenigd Koninkrijk (1997–heden)


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Mighty Molar's Guide to Oregon City
March 5, 2019 | City Welcome Guide
Situated near the southern limits of the Portland metropolitan area on the Willamette River, Oregon City is a lovely city with diverse attractions. From historical sites and pioneer museums to cultural fascinations, recreational opportunities and North America's only "vertical street," there's something for every type of visitor. Here are some can't-miss attractions for your upcoming visit.
Oregon City Municipal Elevator
Connecting two different neighborhoods, this 130-foot-high attraction is the only outdoor municipal elevator in the United States and one of only four in the entire world. Built in 1915, the Oregon City Municipal Elevator offers stunning views of the city, along with compelling insight into the region's history.
Lake Oswego Farmers Market
Discover the agricultural bounty of the Pacific Northwest at this sprawling farmers market. Averaging more than 80 vendors each week, Lake Oswego Farmers Market offers a wide array of superior meats, fresh seafood, fruits, vegetables, nuts, cheeses, jams, jellies, artisan breads, baked goods, hot foods, nursery items and more.
Willamette Falls
Second only to Niagara in terms of largest waterfall by volume in the United States, Willamette Falls is a sight to behold. A horseshoe-shaped waterfall which plunges more than 40 feet over a basalt ledge, this scenic attraction includes a museum that gives incredible insight into how the falls have played a key role in the city's history.
Crystal Springs Rhododendron Garden
Located between the Eastmoreland Golf Course and Reed College, this gorgeous botanical garden showcases more than nine acres of rare and exotic plants. Discover an incredible collection of azaleas, rhododendrons and other lovely ericaceous plants along with numerous unusual trees and companion plants.
Villa Catalana Cellars
Situated about thirty minutes south of Portland between Oregon City and Canby, this small winery crafts a number of distinctive blends. It also includes an inviting tasting room, along with lush gardens that have a Mediterranean feel with Italian Cypress and olive trees and unusual tropical plants, including succulents, cacti and other exotics.
End of the Oregon Trail Interpretive Center
Immerse yourself in the history of the Pacific Northwest at this interactive destination for visitors of every age. See how Oregonians lived in the mid-1800s and enjoy pioneer games and crafts, a guided walk and special events led by costumed guides who remain in character through the entirety of your visit.
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Q: Inversion in more than two steps In general, if we have a function $f_1:A\to B$ and a function $f_2:B\to A$ such that
$$f_1 \circ f_2=\operatorname{id}$$
and
$$f_2 \circ f_1=\operatorname{id}$$
then we would call $f_1$ the inverse function of $f_2$, or vice versa. If a function is its own inverse, we call it an involutory function.
My question is this: if we have some functions $f_1,f_2,...,f_{n-1},f_n$
$$f_1:A_1\to A_2$$
$$f_2:A_2\to A_3$$
$$...$$
$$f_{n-1}:A_{n-1}\to A_n$$
$$f_n:A_n\to A_1$$
such that their composition results in $\operatorname{id}$ no matter in what order they are composed, what do we call them?
Furthermore, if a function results in $\operatorname{id}$ when composed with itself $n$ times, what do we call it? I've been calling such a function "n-involutory"... is there already a name for this?

A: $\DeclareMathOperator{\Id}{id}$Let $n \geq 3$. A set of functions $f_{1}, \dots, f_{n}$ as in your first question might be termed a "commuting family of $n$ permutations (bijections) of a set $A$":

*

*In order for the compositions to be the identity no matter what order the functions are composed, they all must be permutations of a single set $A$. For instance, taking $n = 3$ we have
$$
f_{1}f_{2}f_{3} = f_{1}f_{3}f_{2} = \Id_{A_{1}},
$$
so $f_{2}f_{3} = f_{3}f_{2} = f_{1}^{-1}$ is bijective, which implies in particular that $A_{2} = A_{3}$. Permutation of indices shows $A_{1} = A_{2}$ as well. A similar argument handles more than $3$ functions.
That is, each $f_{i}$ is a permutation of the single set $A = A_{1} = \cdots = A_{n}$.

*Any two of these maps commute: For instance, $f_{1}f_{2}$ and $f_{2}f_{1}$ are both the inverse of $f_{3} \cdots f_{n}$.

For your second question, a mapping $f:A \to A$ whose $n$-fold self-composition is the identity (and whose $k$-fold composition is not the identity if $0 < k < n$) would naturally be called a permutation of order $n$, "order" being used in the sense of group theory.
The orbits of such an $f$ are obviously finite (with cardinality dividing $n$), and $f$ acts by cyclic permutation on each orbit. This is, $f$ is a product of disjoint cycles, each of length dividing $n$ and at least one of length $n$.