text:
Die Mirage F1 ist ein leichtes Jagd- bzw. Mehrzweckkampfflugzeug des französischen Flugzeugherstellers Dassault Aviation.

Geschichte
Die Mirage F1 wurde von Dassault in Eigeninitiative auf Basis der Mirage III als kleinere, leichtere und einsitzige Alternative zu der 1964 von Frankreich geforderten Dassault Mirage F2 entwickelt. Die Maschine absolvierte ihren Erstflug am 23. Dezember 1966; dieser Prototyp stürzte im Mai 1967 ab, woraufhin die Flugerprobung erst ab März 1969 fortgesetzt wurde. Die ersten Serienexemplare wurden im März 1973 an die französische Luftwaffe ausgeliefert, wogegen es bei der schon ein halbes Jahr vor der F1 zum Erstflug gestarteten Mirage F2 beim Prototyp blieb.

Die Maschinen wurden später auch nach Jordanien, Griechenland, Kuwait, Spanien, Marokko und weitere Staaten exportiert. So wurden als erster Exporterfolg ab 1975 32 Mirage F1AZ und 16 F1CZ nach Südafrika exportiert und dort bis November 1997 eingesetzt. Die meisten Maschinen (110) wurden vom Irak gekauft.

Insgesamt wurden 730 Maschinen gebaut, davon 251 für die französische Luftwaffe. Stationierungsorte waren unter anderem Cambrai, Colmar, Creil, Reims und Straßburg. Die Jägerversion F1C stand bis 2003 noch bei der Armee de l'Air in Dienst. Zum Einsatz kamen die Maschinen in verschiedenen militärischen Konflikten, so unter anderem im Iran-Irak-Krieg, im Alto-Canepa-Grenzkrieg zwischen Ecuador und Peru, im südafrikanischen Krieg gegen die namibische Unabhängigkeitsbewegung (SWAPO) und im Tschadkonflikt.

Marokko will seine noch in Dienst stehenden F1CH, F1EH und luftbetankungsfähige F1EH-200 ab 2010 mit Glascockpit, neuen Schleudersitzen, MICA-Raketen sowie Zielsuchbehältern Damocles modernisieren lassen.

Im Sommer 2011, wenige Jahre vor der erwarteten Außerdienststellung in Frankreich, verlegte mit der EC 02/033 Savoie die letzte F1-Einheit nochmals auf eine neue Heimatbasis – den Militärflugplatz Mont-de-Marsan – , da die bisherige in Reims geschlossen wurde. Im Rahmen der Opération Serval waren ab Januar 2013 auch zwei Mirage F1 CR als Aufklärer im Einsatz. Die Einheit wurde im Juni 2014 außer Dienst gestellt, letztmals flogen F1 am 14. Juli 2014 über die Avenue des Champs-Élysées.

Der spanische Ejército del Aire stellte seine letzten vier Mirage F1 im Juni 2013 auf der Basis Los Llanos außer Dienst, sie waren zuletzt nur noch bei der 141. Staffel des dortigen 14. Geschwaders stationiert, frühere Nutzer waren das 11. Geschwader, damals stationiert in Manises, und die 462. Staffel des 46. Geschwaders in Gando.

Technik
Gegenüber der Mirage III kam ein neuer eher konventioneller Pfeilflügel in Schulterdeckerbauweise mit Sägezahn und Vorderkantenklappen sowie separaten Höhenrudern und höherer Kraftstoffkapazität zum Einsatz. In Verbindung mit der leistungsstärkeren Atar-9K-Turbine wurden neben der gesteigerten Manövrierfähigkeit auch verbesserte Tiefflug- und Starteigenschaften erreicht. Das Cockpit war mit F10M-Schleudersitzen ausgerüstet. Das Modell verfügt über eine Zweikanal-FBW-Steuerung für alle drei Achsen mit zusätzlichem mechanischen Backup und automatischer Sicherheitsüberprüfung. Als Bewaffnung kam neben diversen Bomben und Raketen an fünf Aufhängepunkten auch zwei 30-mm-DEFA-Maschinenkanonen mit jeweils 135 Granaten zum Einsatz.

Varianten

Mirage F1C
Erste Serienversion als Jäger mit Cyrano-IV-Radar. Ab 1977 mit Tankausleger als F1C-200 bezeichnet. Ab 1982 wurde für Aufklärungszwecke die F1CR mit modifiziertem Cyrano-IVMR, Kameras und Außenstationen für Aufklärungsbehälter produziert.

Mirage F1CT
Ab 1992 kamen von F1C-200 zu F1CT umgerüstete, mit weiterentwickeltem Radar und Zentralrechner, Head-Up-Display und Laser ausgestattete Maschinen zum Einsatz. Sie standen bis 2013 in Frankreich im Dienst.

Mirage F1CR
Nach dem Wechsel hin zu Mehrzweckkampfflugzeugen wurde auf eine reine Aufklärervariante verzichtet. Die CR-Variante ist ein Mehrzweck-Kampfflugzeug mit Vorrichtungen zum Anbringen von Aufklärungsbehältern. Die Mirage F1CR-200 flog erstmals am 20. November 1981. Ihre Sensoren sind extern und intern verbaut oder anhängbar. Die Sensoren umfassen:
 Infrarot-Linienscanner SAT SCM2400 Super Cyclone. Er befindet sich im Bug hinter der Radarnase.

Weiter sind folgende Fotokameras unter der Nase einbaubar:
 Panorama-Fotokamera Thomson-TRT 40 (oder eine Fotokamera Thomson-TRT 33). Das Cyrano-IVM-R-Radar befindet sich unter dem Bug. Am Rumpfpylon können das Side-Looking-Airborne-Radar (SLAR) Raphaël TH oder ein Behälter für Elektronische Aufklärung ASTAC ELINT mitgeführt werden.
Die Mirage F1CR stand bis 2014 in Frankreich im Dienst.

Mirage F1A
Einfacher ausgerüstete Exportvariante.

Mirage F1B
Zweisitzige und 30 cm längere Trainervariante ohne Maschinenkanonen mit verringerter Treibstoffkapazität. Der Erstflug fand 1976 statt, die Auslieferung begann im Oktober 1980.

Mirage F1E
Modernisierte Version als Mehrzweckkampfflugzeug.

Mirage F1D
Zweisitzige Trainingsvariante auf Basis der F1E.

Nutzer

: 16 Mirage F1JA, 2 Mirage F1JE
: 162 Mirage F1C, 20 Mirage F1B, 57 Mirage F1CT (aus Mirage F1C umgebaut), 64 Mirage F1CR
: 6 Mirage F1AZ von Südafrika
: 40 Mirage F1CG
: 105 Mirage F1EQ, 15 Mirage F1BQ, 2 Mirage F1CK u. 5 Mirage F1BK (1990 von Kuwait erbeutet)
: > 24 Mirage F1BQ/EQ von Irak
: 17 Mirage F1CJ, 17 Mirage F1EJ, 2 Mirage F1BJ
: 13 Mirage F1EDA, 2 Mirage F1DDA
: 27 Mirage F1CK, 6 Mirage F1BK
: 16 Mirage F1AD, 16 Mirage F1ED, 6 Mirage F1BD
: 30 Mirage F1CH, 14 Mirage F1EH, 6 Mirage F1C-200
: 45 Mirage F1CE, 22 Mirage F1EE, 6 Mirage F1BE
: 32 Mirage F1AZ, 16 Mirage F1CZ

Kommerzielle Nutzer
Paramount Aerospace Systems (Südafrika), Mirage F1AZ, Mirage F1CZ, Mirage F1B
Textron (USA). Die Tochterfirma Airborne Tactical Advantage Company (ATAC) erwarb 63 ehemalige französische  Mirage F1B, F1CT und F1CR für  Luftkampfausbildung  im Auftrag der US Air Force.
Draken International (USA) hat 20 ehemalige spanische L Mirage F1Ms und 2 F1B Flugzeuge für den Einsatz in der Adversary Air-Rolle erworben, im Auftrag der US Air Force.

Technische Daten

Bewaffnung
 Im Rumpf integrierte Rohrwaffen
 2 × 30-mm-Revolverkanonen M553 DEFA mit je 135 Schuss Munition, fest installierte Bordbewaffnung (außer F1CR)

 Kampfmittel bis zu 4.000 kg an sieben Außenlaststationen unter den beiden Tragflächen sowie unter dem Rumpf

 Luft-Luft-Lenkflugkörper
 2 × Startschienen für je 1 × Matra R.550 "Magic 1/2" – infrarotgesteuerter Kurzstrecken-Luft-Luft-Lenkflugkörper
 1 × Alkan 38DN-Startschienen für je 1 × Matra R.530FE/ZE – radar- oder infrarotgelenkter Kurzstrecken-Luft-Luft-Lenkflugkörper
 2 × Startschienen für je 1 × Matra Super 530F-1 – radargelenkter Mittelstrecken-Luft-Luft-Lenkflugkörper
 4 × LAU-7/A-Startschienen für je 1 × Philco-Ford AIM-9P "Sidewinder" – infrarotgesteuerter Kurzstrecken-Luft-Luft-Lenkflugkörper

 Luft-Boden-Lenkflugkörper
 1 × Aérospatiale AM-39 "Exocet" – Seezielflugkörper
 2 × Aérospatiale AS-30L (lasergelenkter 520-kg-Lenkflugkörper)
 2 × MATRA "ARMAT" (verbesserte AS-37 Martel) – Anti-Radar-Lenkflugkörper
 2 x AS-14 Kedge

 Ungelenkte Luft-Boden-Raketen
Ungelenkte Luft-Boden-Raketen
 2 × Raketenwerfer Matra F1 für je 36 × ungelenkte SNEB-Luft-Boden-Raketen; Kaliber 68 mm
 2 × Raketenwerfer Matra F4 für je 18 × ungelenkte SNEB-Luft-Boden-Raketen; Kaliber 68 mm
 2 × Raketenwerfer TBA 100-4 (F3) für je 4 × ungelenkte SNEB-Luft-Boden-Raketen; Kaliber 100 mm

 Gelenkte Bomben
 2 × Matra BGL 1000 (lasergelenkte 990-kg-Gleitbombe)
 4 × Raytheon GBU-49/B "Enhanced Paveway II" (auch EGBU-12; laser-, GPS- und INS-gelenkte 227-kg-Gleitbombe, basierend auf einer Mk.82-Sprengbombe mit Steuerung vorn und Lenksatz hinten)
 4 × Raytheon GBU-22/B "Paveway III" (lasergelenkte 227-kg-/611-lb-Gleitbombe, basierend auf einer Mk.82-Sprengbombe mit Steuerung vorn und BSU-82/B-Lenksatz hinten)
 2 × Raytheon GBU-16B/B "Paveway II" (lasergelenkte 496-kg-/1000-lb-Gleitbombe, basierend auf einer Mk.83-Sprengbombe mit Steuerung vorn und Lenksatz hinten)

 Ungelenkte Bomben
 14 × Société des Ateliers Mécaniques de Pont-sur-Sambre (SAMP) EU2 (250-kg-Freifallbombe; analog Mk.82)
 2 × Rafaut AUF-2 Bombenrack für je 2 × Mark 82 (227-kg-Freifallbombe)
 6 × Société des Ateliers Mécaniques de Pont-sur-Sambre (SAMP) T200 (400-kg-Freifallbombe; analog Mk.83)
 1 × 30-6-M2-Waffenträger mit 18 × Thomson-Brandt BAT-120 (34-kg-Splitterbombe)
 1 × 30-6-M2-Waffenträger mit 18 × Thomson-Brandt BAP-100 (32,5-kg-Anti-Startbahn-Bombe)
 2 × Rafaut AUF-2 Bombenrack für je 2 × Matra/Thomson-Brandt BLG 66 "Belouga" (305-kg-Streubombe)
 4 × Matra "Durandal" (raketengetriebene 219-kg-Anti-Startbahn-Bombe)

 Zusatzbehälter
 1 × Dassault CC-420-Kanonenbehälter mit 1 × 30-mm-Revolver-Maschinenkanonen M553 DEFA und 180 Schuss Munition
 2 × abwerfbare Flügel-Zusatztanks RP35/2 für je 1.200 Liter Kerosin
 1 × abwerfbarer Unterrumpf-Zusatztank RP35 für je 2.200 Liter Kerosin

 Aufklärungs-/Zielbehälter
 1 × Thomson-CSF "Atlis II" (Automatic Tracking Laser Illuminating System) – Laser-Zielbehälter
 1 × Thomson-CSF SLAR 2000 "Raphael" – Bodenradaraufklärungsbehälter
 1 × AMD-BA AA-3-38 "Harold" (Aufklärungsbehälter mit Kameras)
 1 × Thomson-CSF Optronics "Presto" (Pod REconnaissance Stand Off; Aufklärungsbehälter mit 610-mm-LOROP-Nassfilm-Fotokamera)
 1 × Thales ASTAC (Airborne Electronic Reconnaissance System)-Aufklärungsbehälter – ELINT-Aufklärungsbehälter

Selbstverteidigungssysteme
 Aktive Maßnahmen
 1 × Philips-Matra Phimat – Täuschkörperwerfer mit 210 Düppel-Patronen
 1 × Matra "Corail" (contre-mesures optronique et radar integre par leurrage)-Täuschkörperwerfer mit einem Alan-5020-Werfer mit 18 × 40-mm- oder 8 × 60-mm-Leuchtfackeln (Flare)
 1 × Thales Remora DB3163 – externer ECM-Störbehälter
 1 × Thales PAJ-FA – externer ECM-Störbehälter

 Radarwarngeräte
 Thomson - CSF "BF" o. "Sherloc"
 General Instrument AN/ALR-66(VE) (nur Mirage F1CG)

Galerie

Siehe auch
 Dassault Mirage
 Abfangjäger
 Liste von Flugzeugtypen

Literatur
 aerospace.org: Dassault Mirage F1 Multi-Role Fighter

Weblinks

 Mediensammlung auf dassault-aviation.com

Einzelnachweise

Mirage F1
Luftüberlegenheitsjäger
Jagdflugzeug (1970–1979)
Jagdbomber
Einstrahliges Flugzeug
Militärluftfahrzeug (Frankreich)
Militärluftfahrzeug (Griechenland)
Erstflug 1973


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text:
The First Battle of Bar-sur-Aube (24 January 1814) was fought during the War of the Sixth Coalition when Marshal Édouard Mortier, duc de Trévise's corps of French Imperial Guards defended against an Austrians corps under Ignaz Gyulai and a Württemberger corps led by Crown Prince Frederick William of Württemberg. After holding his main defensive positions in stiff fighting, Mortier withdrew his elite troops during the night and retreated to Troyes. Bar-sur-Aube is located  east of Troyes.

The 1814 Campaign opened with an invasion of eastern France by the main Coalition army led by Austrian Field Marshal Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg and a second army led by Prussian Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher. The weak French defending forces were pushed back without too much trouble, except for Mortier's guardsmen near Langres. These crack troops made a fighting withdrawal to Bar-sur-Aube where they offered battle in a strong position. Two days after the clash, Emperor Napoleon joined his reeling forces and the major fighting began.

Invasion
For Emperor Napoleon the Battle of Leipzig was a catastrophe. Of his army, only 60,000–70,000 survivors retreated to the west bank of the Rhine River in November 1813. Almost 100,000 of Napoleon's soldiers were left behind in German fortresses and all his German allies abandoned him and joined the Coalition. In the 1814 campaign, Napoleon could act with singleness of purpose since he was both the political and military leader of France. The Coalition's major powers had divergent interests. Czar Alexander I of Russia wished to seize Paris and overthrow Napoleon. King Frederick William III of Prussia was ready to go along with the czar and his countrymen were eager to avenge years of French occupation and humiliation. Emperor Francis I of Austria was less keen on the overthrow of Napoleon, who was married to his daughter Marie Louise and Austria already stood to regain all the territories lost to France. Francis and his minister Klemens von Metternich feared Russia and Prussia might gain too much power if France were crushed.

The Coalition planned to send the main Army of Bohemia under Prince Karl Philipp of Schwarzenberg to invade France via Switzerland and march to Langres. The Army of Silesia under Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher was ordered to cross the middle Rhine and advance on Schwarzenberg's right while the Army of the North invaded the Netherlands. The Coalition armies counted 278,000 Russians, 230,000 Austrians, 162,000 Prussians, 197,000 other Germans and 20,000 Swedes. To oppose this gigantic force, Napoleon had Marshal Claude Perrin Victor with 10,000 men on the upper Rhine, Marshal Auguste de Marmont with 13,000 troops, Horace François Sébastiani with 4,500 more on the middle Rhine, Marshal Jacques MacDonald with 11,500 on the lower Rhine and Nicolas Joseph Maison with 15,000 in the Netherlands. Charles Antoine Morand and another 15,000 troops were besieged in Mainz.

At first Napoleon hoped that the invading Allied armies numbered only 80,000 men but they fielded 200,000 troops, to which the French emperor could only oppose 70,000 soldiers. Among Schwarzenberg's formations were the Austrian III Corps under Ignaz Gyulai with 14,732 soldiers and 56 artillery pieces and the Württemberg IV Corps under Crown Prince Frederick William of Württemberg with 14,000 men and 24 guns. To defend his regime, Napoleon planned to conscript 936,000 Frenchmen but only a third were actually called up. Of these, only about one-eighth fought because muskets were not available; large numbers resisted the draft. The emperor eventually drew from his southern armies 11,015 foot soldiers, 3,420 horsemen and 40 guns from Marshal Jean-de-Dieu Soult and 8,051 infantry, 2,132 cavalry and 18 guns from Marshal Louis-Gabriel Suchet. Because of the French generals' weak forces, the Coalition armies' advance from the frontiers to the Marne River was hardly opposed at all.

Operations

Langres was held by Marshal Édouard Mortier, duc de Trévise with units of the Imperial Guard. There were 2,900 troopers of the 1st Guard Cavalry Division under Louis-Marie Leferrière-Levêque and 4,800 men of the 1st Old Guard Division under Louis Friant. On the evening of 12 January 1814, at Chatenay-Vaudin, 300 guardsmen surprised a strong Austrian patrol from Gyulai's III Corps, capturing 27 soldiers and killing the rest. The next day, French probes captured 60 Austrians at Chaudenay and killed 44 Bavarians at Longeau-Percey while losing only 3 killed and 20 wounded. Intimidated by Mortier's aggressive patrolling, Gyulai stopped for several days and waited for reinforcements. On the night of 16/17 January, Mortier evacuated Langres and retreated north to Chaumont. Urged by the townspeople, the small Langres garrison surrendered to Gyulai's troops at 6:00 pm on 17 January.

Schwarzenberg sent the Russian 3rd Cuirassier Division under Ilya Mikhailovich Duka down the west bank of the Marne toward Chaumont and the Crown Prince of Württemberg's IV Corps down the east bank. On 18 January, Duka's horsemen charged straight into an ambush at Marnay-sur-Marne. After a number of losses, the cavalry fell back and called on Gyulai for infantry support. That day near Chaumont, the Württemberg 9th Jäger Battalion tried to capture the bridge at Choignes in a downpour. The Germans rushed across and nearly captured the village but were routed by a Guard Foot Grenadier bayonet attack that inflicted numerous casualties and took 60 prisoners. The action ended in an inconclusive artillery duel. Mortier was in a strong position but anxious that the continual retreats of his fellow marshals would cause his forces to become trapped. He decided to withdraw north-west to Colombey-les-Deux-Églises on 19 January.

Schwarzenberg had an opportunity to drive forward and crush the French forces before him. Instead he called a halt at Langres while diverting Hieronymus Karl Colloredo-Mansfeld's I Corps and Prince Frederick of Hesse-Homburg's Reserve Corps to seize Dijon to the south. Militarily this move made little sense but he was carrying out the instructions of Metternich to avoid major fighting. By nature a cautious general, Schwarzenberg was jittery about his lengthening supply lines stretching back to the Rhine, partly explaining the Army of Bohemia's slow  per day advance.

Battle

Mortier reached Bar-sur-Aube on 20 January and that afternoon his force was joined by the 2nd Old Guard Division led by Charles-Joseph Christiani and the 113th Line Infantry Regiment under Louis Auguste Victor de Bourmont. Mortier complained in a letter to Napoleon's Chief of staff Marshal Louis-Alexandre Berthier, that Christiani's division had fewer than 3,000 men. Bourmont's regiment counted 1,800 soldiers. On 21 January, Mortier got a message that Napoleon was approaching his position and this made the marshal more determined to fight it out. During the next few days major units of the Army of Bohemia remained inert though both the III and IV Corps gathered intelligence of Mortier's positions from patrols. The arrival of Czar Alexander at the front on 22 January forced Schwarzenberg's hand. Alexander urged Schwarzenberg to advance and when the Austrian made weak excuses, the czar accused him of sabotaging the campaign. To placate Alexander, Schwarzenberg agreed to a plan of attack that Gyulai and the Crown Prince submitted to his headquarters.

On 23 January, Mortier became aware of Allied movements that indicated there would be a fight the following day. He found that several thousand Don Cossacks under Matvei Platov lurked at Doulevant-le-Château only  to the north-east. He sent 500 infantry and 500 cavalry north to Trémilly where they drove off Platov's horsemen that evening. Mortier sent Bourmont's 113th Line to guard the bridge over the Aube at Dolancourt just north-west of Bar-sur-Aube. The Horse Grenadiers of the Imperial Guard were posted between Dolancourt and Bar. One infantry regiment and three field guns watched his line of retreat near Spoy to the west of Bar. Two battalions and the Guard Chasseurs à Cheval held Fontaine south-east of Bar. The 2nd Division plus one battalion of the 1st Division were deployed across the Chaumont highway east of Bar supported by a 20-gun battery. Guarding the Boudelin Bridge to the east of Fontaine were 14 artillery pieces. Seven guns covered the bridge over the Aube in Bar. The remaining six field pieces were with Louis-Michel Letort de Lorville's four battalions and four squadrons at Colombey-les-Deux-Églises to the east of Bar. Mortier had 13,000 troops watching the approaches to Bar from the east and south. Another source credited the French with 14,200 troops.

According to their plan, Gyulai would assault Bar-sur-Aube at the same time that the Crown Prince attacked Colombey-les-Deux-Églises and Platov turned Mortier's left flank. To trap Letort's force, Ludwig von Stockmayer with three light infantry battalions, four cavalry squadrons and one horse artillery battery set out from Juzennecourt at 9:00 am and marched west to Montheries. At that village, they planned to turn north through the Dhuits Forest and come into the main highway west of Colombey-les-Deux-Églises while other forces would attack Letort frontally. At 10:00 am, Karl August Maxmilian von Jett with two battalions of the 7th Infantry Regiment, four squadrons of Jäger cavalry, one squadron of hussars and one horse battery began to advance along the Chaumont-Bar highway. Jett was supported by one battalion of the 6th Infantry, the 3rd Dragoons and one foot artillery battery. Inexplicably, eight battalions, one cavalry regiment and one foot battery were left at Chaumont without orders. Including those left behind, the IV Corps numbered 12,000–13,000 men. The Crown Prince directed the support column in person. At 11:00 am Gyulai's columns began to come into action against the Mortier's southern defenses.

By some staff blunder, Stockmayer's column left Montheries without a guide and missed the correct road. Instead of coming in behind Letort's troops, it emerged from the Dhuits Forest on the south side of Colombey-les-Deux-Églises. Spotting the danger, Letort evaded the trap and fell back toward Lignol. The Crown Prince led his 2nd and 4th Cavalry Regiments forward in attempt to cut the French off but supports arrived in time to help Letort pull back to the main French defense line near Voigny. An attempted Württemberger advance was stopped by Mortier's 20-gun battery. The Crown Prince decided not to engage the French Guard infantry and withdrew his troops to Lignol, until Gyulai's advance showed some progress and conducted an artillery duel until dark. The German gunners managed to blow up two ammunition wagons and put some French guns out of action. Platov's Cossacks declined to cooperate with the Württembergers.

Gyulai conducted his assault on the south side with more intensity. His troops marched north along the west bank of the Aube in two columns. The right column under Louis Aloysius, Prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein cleared the French outposts from Bayel while the left column under Joseph von Haecht pushed the French from Baroville. Hohenlohe's division repeatedly tried to storm the Boudelin bridge but each assault withered under the fire of the 14-gun battery. At Fontaine, Haecht's division overran the village three times but each time they were driven out by Christiani's guardsmen. Gyulai tried to break off the combat but found his own troops under attack by the French in a prolonged struggle for the Aube crossings. At 6:00 pm the Austrians captured the Boudelin bridge but Gyulai decided not to try to cut off Mortier's retreat. The Austrian general became angry that his Württemberger allies remained in place while his corps bore the brunt of the combat; evening ended the fighting.

Aftermath
One authority stated that the Allies sustained 1,400 casualties out of 12,500 men but listed only Austrian III Corps units. French losses were given as 500 killed and wounded and 200 captured out of an engaged total of 5,885 infantry, 2,567 cavalry and 50 guns. Another source asserted that each side suffered about 1,000 casualties. The French took about 100 Allied prisoners. A third source gave Allied losses as 1,500 killed and wounded plus 100 captured. The French reported losing only 400–500 casualties but an Allied officer claimed that the French lost 1,000 killed and wounded plus 200 captured. The same officer counted 900 Württemberger casualties which suggested that they fought harder than their allies realized. The Austrians reported 647 killed and wounded and 190 missing.

At 11:00 pm, Mortier notified Napoleon of his plans to retreat to Vendeuvre-sur-Barse and immediately sent orders for his troops to begin evacuating Bar-sur-Aube. The march discipline of the  Imperial Guard was so good that the Allies were unaware of their departure until the next morning. Gyulai's corps did not begin the pursuit until the afternoon then it quickly halted at the broken bridge at Spoy. Gyulai mistakenly reported that the French retreated to Châlons-sur-Marne when Mortier was heading for Troyes. The Crown Prince's troops halted and bivouacked in the area. After interrogating his prisoners, Mortier concluded that the Crown Prince's corps numbered 12,000–15,000 men while Gyulai had 30,000. He reported to the emperor that the Allies employed 60 artillery pieces against him including heavy 12-pounder batteries. On 26 January, Napoleon arrived at Châlons-sur-Marne and the Battle of Brienne was fought on 29 January 1814.

Historian David G. Chandler stated that Mortier suffered a "narrow defeat" while Francis Loraine Petre reported that the action was "indecisive". On the other hand, Digby Smith called the battle a "French victory".

Forces

French Order of Battle
According to a report dated 25 January 1814, the day after the battle, General of Division Friant's 1st Old Guard Division numbered 4,705 soldiers, including the 1st Foot Chasseur Regiment, 1,265 men, 2nd Foot Chasseurs, 898 men, 1st Foot Grenadiers, 1,393 men, and 2nd Foot Grenadiers, 1,044 men. Each regiment consisted of 1st and 2nd Battalions and there were also 105 Guard sappers. General of Brigade Christiani's 2nd Old Guard Division numbered 3,878 soldiers, including the Flanquer-Chasseur Regiment, 1,042 men, Flanquer-Grenadiers, 285 men, Velites of Turin, 333 men, Velites of Florence, 164 men, Fusilier-Chasseurs, 1,366 men, and Fusilier-Grenadiers, 688 men.

General of Division Laferrière-Levêque's 1st Guard Cavalry Division was made up of 2,228 horsemen, including the Guard Chasseurs à Cheval, 585 troopers, Guard Dragoons, 734 troopers, and Guard Horse Grenadiers, 909 troopers. General of Brigade Bourmont's 1st, 3rd and 4th Battalions of the 113th Line counted 2,173 troops. The Guard artillery included seven foot artillery companies with 459 gunners, four horse artillery companies with 319 gunners, an artillery train with 665 drivers and 21 pontoon men. The French employed 50 artillery pieces.

Austrian Order of Battle
In a report from 1 January 1814, Feldzeugmeister Gyulai's III Austrian Corps numbered 15,261 troops in three divisions led by Feldmarschall-Leutnants Louis Charles Folliot de Crenneville, Prince Hohenlohe and Jean Charles Hennequin de Fresnel. The corps reserve artillery included three foot batteries armed with six 12-pound and 12 6-pound cannons. Crenneville's division consisted of two brigades supported by a horse artillery battery of six 6-pounders. General-major Haecht commanded seven squadrons of the Klenau Chevau-léger Regiment and one battalion of the St. George Warasdiner Grenz Infantry Regiment. The second brigade of General-major Joseph Friedrich von der Trenck consisted of six squadrons of the Rosenberg Dragoon Regiment and another St. George Grenz battalion.

Hohenlohe's division was made up of two brigades, each with a foot artillery battery of eight 6-pound cannons. General-major Franz Splényi de Miháldy's brigade had two battalions each of Infantry Regiments Mariassy Nr. 37 and Ignaz Gyulai Nr. 60. General-major Anton Grimmer von Riesenburg's brigade had two battalions each of Infantry Regiments Fröhlich Nr. 28 and Kollowrat Nr. 36. Fresnel's division counted two brigades, each with a foot battery of eight 6-pounders. General-major Philipp Pflüger von Lindenfels's brigade had two battalions each of Infantry Regiments Würzburg Nr. 7 and Archduke Ludwig Nr. 8. General-major Markus von Csollich's brigade had two battalions each of Infantry Regiments Kaiser Nr. 1 and Kottulinsky Nr. 41.

Württemberg Order of Battle
On 1 January 1814, Field Marshal the Crown Prince of Württemberg's IV Corps comprised an infantry division commanded by Lieutenant General Christian Johann Gottgetreu von Koch and a cavalry division under Lieutenant General Prince Adam von Württemberg, a total of 11,569 troops. General-major Stockmeyer's 1st Brigade consisted of two battalions of King Frederick Jäger Regiment Nr. 9 and one battalion of Light Infantry Regiment Nr. 10. General-major Christoph Friedrich David Döring's 2nd Brigade included two battalions each of Infantry Regiments Duke Wilhelm Nr. 2, Nr. 3 and Nr. 7 plus the 1st Foot Artillery Battery. Prince Karl von Hohenlohe-Kirchberg's 3rd Brigade was made up of two battalions each of Infantry Regiments Nr. 4 and Crown Prince Nr. 6 and the 2nd Foot Battery. General-major Walsleben's cavalry brigade had four squadrons each of Duke Louis Jäger Cavalry Regiment Nr. 2 and Crown Prince Dragoon Regiment Nr. 3 and the 1st Horse Artillery Battery. General-major Jett's cavalry brigade had four squadrons of Prince Adam Jäger Cavalry Regiment Nr. 4 and the 2nd Horse Battery. Each battery was armed with four 6-pound cannons and two howitzers. Between 1 January and 13 March, Jäger Cavalry Regiment Nr. 5, Prince Friedrich Infantry Regiment Nr. 5 and Land Regiments (militia) Nrs. 3–6 joined the corps.

Notes

References

External links

1814 in France
Battles of the Napoleonic Wars
Battles of the War of the Sixth Coalition
Battles involving Austria
Battles involving France
Battles involving Württemberg
Aube
Conflicts in 1814
January 1814 events

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


SPACE.com - The U.S. Air Force has laid out a new vision for its energy science and technology needs over the next 15 years – a forecast that includes plans for space-based power stations and the prospective use of small nuclear reactors for new spacecraft.
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It begins with identifying benchmarks, setting goals, and developing measurable outcomes. The purpose is to help each student be successful in meeting key grade level learning targets — known as Essential Standards.
While helping students meet learning targets is not new, it has become a purposeful initiative in Puyallup to set specific learning goals, measure if they are being met, and take steps to intervene for students needing additional instruction.
The Response To Intervention (RTI) initiative launched by the district a few years ago focuses on screening students in reading and math to measure their progress in meeting specific Essential Standards. Assessment tests are administered throughout the school year. The information is used to assess students' academic needs and intervene with targeted instruction. Students are reassessed regularly and are moved to different levels as needed.
Teachers within each grade level and content area work together using formative assessments to identify individual student needs and strengths in meeting grade level standards. "If students do well we know they will benefit from core instruction they receive every day in the classroom," said Vince Pecchia, Chief Instructional Leadership Officer.
If a student demonstrates that he or she is struggling academically teachers work to determine why. They use diagnostic assessments to further pinpoint issues. For example, in reading they may find the student reads fluently yet may not be comprehending, or if they are not reading fluently it may be they are not grasping phonics. They do the same for math — perhaps the student is struggling with basic facts.
One of the key components of RTI is what happens next. Teachers work together to identify and intervene with students not meeting learning targets. Most elementary schools have specific time built in the day for students who need intervention and for those receiving enrichment.
At Spinning Elementary, for example, first grade teachers Tianna Thaanum, Adriana Gonzalez, Mandy Keller, and LAP teacher Darcy Holland met recently to review mid-point data from a recent assessment. Each student is assigned to a group based on assessment scores. The team of teachers review each student's score. The progress of some students is discussed in detail and some are moved to different groups.
Thaanum explained the teachers met last August and mapped out the RTI plan for the year. They chose five specific Essential Standards to target for the school year. This doesn't mean they don't teach all standards, it means they assess and provide intensive instruction with the goal of getting at least 85 percent of students to meet the specific standards. One part of a teacher's annual evaluation is based on the success of students meeting goals set by the teacher.
Junior high and high schools are also making concerted effort to assess students and design interventions into daily class periods or designated blocks of time.


text:
Gerald Vale "Jerry" Kuhn (* 20. März 1986 in Southgate, Michigan) ist ein deutsch-amerikanischer Eishockeytorwart. Er steht seit Februar 2019 bei den Kassel Huskies unter Vertrag.

Spielerlaufbahn
Kuhn spielte in der North American Hockey League sowie in der United States Hockey League, bevor er 2007 an die Western Michigan University wechselte. Er spielte vier Jahre für die "Broncos" und absolvierte darüber hinaus ein Wirtschaftsstudium.

Seine ersten Erfahrungen als Eishockeyprofi machte Kuhn in der ECHL in der Saison 2010/11 im Trikot der Idaho Steelheads. Auch in der Folgespielzeit 2011/12 spielte er nach einem Intermezzo bei den Greenville Road Warriors erneut für die Steelheads.

Zur Saison 2012/13 wechselte Kuhn nach Europa und schloss einen Vertrag mit dem slowenischen Verein HDD Olimpija Ljubljana, der in der österreichischen Erste Bank Eishockey Liga (EBEL) spielte. Er blieb zwei Jahre bei Olimpija und nahm kurz vor den Playoffs der Saison 2013/14 ein Angebot der Krefeld Pinguine aus der Deutschen Eishockey Liga (DEL) an.

Zur Saison 2014/15 wechselte Kuhn nach Südtirol zum HC Pustertal und zog zur Spielzeit 2015/16 zu den Fischtown Pinguins aus der zweithöchsten deutschen Liga DEL2 weiter. Zur Saison 2016/17 erhielt Bremerhaven eine Spiellizenz für die Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL), Kuhn gehörte auch in der höchsten deutschen Spielklasse zum Aufgebot der Pinguine und erreichte mit der Mannschaft in der ersten DEL-Saison die Playoffs. Zum Erfolg der Pinguine trug er mit einer Fangquote von 92,0 Prozent bei, er kassierte in der Hauptrunde pro Partie 2,68 Gegentore.

Kuhn verließ Bremerhaven nach der Saison 2016/17 und wechselte innerhalb der DEL zu den Grizzlys Wolfsburg. Dort erhielt er insgesamt 64 Einsätze in der DEL, ehe er im Februar 2019 im Tausch gegen Marcel Melicherčík an die Kassel Huskies aus der DEL2 abgegeben wurde.

Inlinehockey
Bei der IIHF Inlinehockey-Weltmeisterschaft 2013 gewann er mit der US-amerikanischen Nationalmannschaft die Goldmedaille. Ein Jahr später nahm er mit dem Nationalteam an der Weltmeisterschaft in Pardubice teil und gewann dabei die Bronzemedaille.

Erfolge und Auszeichnungen
 2013 Slowenischer Meister mit HDD Olimpija Ljubljana
 2013 Goldmedaille bei der Inlinehockey-Weltmeisterschaft
 2014 Bronzemedaille bei der Inlinehockey-Weltmeisterschaft

Persönliches
Kuhn besitzt die deutsche Staatsbürgerschaft. Sein Urgroßvater war Deutscher.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Eishockeytorwart (Western Michigan Broncos)
Eishockeytorwart (Greenville Road Warriors)
Eishockeytorwart (Idaho Steelheads, ECHL)
Eishockeytorwart (Fischtown Pinguins Bremerhaven)
Eishockeytorwart (Grizzlys Wolfsburg)
Eishockeytorwart (Krefeld Pinguine)
Eishockeytorwart (HDD Olimpija Ljubljana)
Eishockeytorwart (HC Pustertal)
Inlinehockeyspieler (Vereinigte Staaten)
Slowenischer Meister (Eishockey)
US-Amerikaner
Deutscher
Geboren 1986
Mann


Remember 'The Facts of Life'? I learned the facts of life by watching 'The Facts of Life'. Who didn't?
Well, today we are going to see what one of the stars of that hit television program is doing these days. Where is Lisa 'Blair' Whelchel, and what has she been doing lately?
Ted Knight: Played Ted Baxter on the TV series "The Mary Tyler Moore Show" and cartoonist Henry Rush on the series "Too Close for Comfort"
Jean Seberg: Starred in the original version of "Breathless", as well as "Paint Your Wagon" and "Airport"
Park Overall: She played Laverne on the TV series "Empty Nest" and Rowena the prostitute in "Biloxi Blues" (both in the movie and on Broadway), she voiced Alice Tompkins on the animated series "The Critic"
CLAIM TO FAME: Lisa is best known for her starring role as Blair Warner on NBC's 'The Facts of Life. She played the role for nine years.
FAMILY LIFE: Welchel was married to Steven Cauble from July 1988 to March 2012. Together they have three children - Tucker, Haven and Clancy.
TRIVIA: Lisa is a former Mouseketeer.
Released a gospel album entitled "All Because Of You" on the Nissi record label in 1984. The album was nominated for a Grammy in the Inspirational category in 1985.
Has organized several reunions of the cast of "The New Mickey Mouse Club" (1977), the show that was her big break in show business.
Lisa is a trained ventriloquist.
Ranked #30 in VH1's list of the "100 Greatest Kid Stars"
She's written written about 10 books, which she says are, "all just practical encouragement for moms."
WHERE IS SHE NOW: Lisa is still an actress and an author. Currently, she is on tour as a public speaker and life coach making her way across the country to various faith-based conferences and events.
Fortunato Abat, 92, Filipino army general and politician, Secretary of the Department of National Defense (1997-1998).
Reynaldo Bignone, 90, Argentine politician and human rights criminal, President (1982-1983), hip fracture and heart failure.
Jacques Clemens, 108, Dutch Roman Catholic priest.
Woody Durham, 76, American college basketball radio announcer (North Carolina Tar Heels), complications from primary progressive aphasia.
Huguette Masson (fr), 113, French supercentenarian.
Werner Radspieler, 79, German Roman Catholic prelate, Auxiliary Bishop of Bamberg (1986-2013).
Aliyu Doma, 75, Nigerian politician, governor of Nasarawa State (2007-2011).
George Downing, 87, American surfer and surfing coach, World Surf team champion (1968).
Fermín Ezcurra (es), 95, Spanish football executive.
Peter Nicholls, 78, Australian writer.
Francis Piasecki, 66, French football player (Metz, national team) and coach (Strasbourg).
Ferdousi Priyabhashini, 71, Bangladeshi sculptor, cardiac arrest following heart attack.
Shammi, 89, Indian actress (Dil Apna Aur Preet Parai, Khuda Gawah, Dekh Bhai Dekh).
Jeff St John, 71, Australian musician.
Vitaliy Zub (pl), 89, Ukrainian football player (Lokomotyv Kharkiv, Dynamo Moscow) and coach (Metalist Kharkiv).
J. Baldwin, 85, American industrial designer and architect.
Trevor Baylis, 80, British inventor (windup radio).
Tomas Aguon Camacho, 84, Northern Mariana Islands Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Chalan Kanoa (1984-2010).
Mykhaylo Chemberzhi, 73, Ukrainian composer.
Kjerstin Dellert, 92, Swedish opera singer, respiratory failure.
Costakis Koutsokoumnis, 61, Cypriot football administrator, President of CFA (since 2001) and member of FIFA Council (since 2017), cancer.
Marcela Lombardo Otero, 91, Mexican politician, Deputy (1976-1979, 1988-1991).
Uri Lubrani, 91, Israeli diplomat and military official.
Jam Saqi, 73, Pakistani politician.
D. Sreedevi, 79, Indian judge, member of the Kerala High Court (1997-2001), liver failure.
Hayden White, 89, American historian.
Javed Abidi, 53, Indian disability rights activist, chest infection.
Davide Astori, 31, Italian footballer (Cagliari, Fiorentina, national team), heart attack.
Elma Bellini, 63, American judge, member of the New York Supreme Court, cancer.
Siva Choy, 70, Singaporean blues musician and comedian (One Leg Kicking), strokes.
Charles Elbaum, 91, Polish-born American physicist.
Jef Kratochvil (cs), 74, Czech photographer.
Sir William McAlpine, 6th Baronet, 82, British engineering construction executive, Managing Director of Sir Robert McAlpine.
Farhang Mehr, 94, Iranian-born American Zoroastrian scholar and writer, Deputy Prime Minister (1973-1975).
H. Wayne Norman Jr., 62, American politician, member of the Maryland Senate (since 2014) and House of Delegates (2008-2014).
Moe Racine, 80, Canadian Hall of Fame football player (Ottawa Rough Riders), Grey Cup champion (1960, 1968, 1969, 1973).
J. Paul Raines, 53, American retail executive, CEO of GameStop (2010-2017), brain cancer.
Russell Solomon, 92, American retail executive, founder of Tower Records.
José Triana (ru), 87, Cuban poet.
Sir Roger Bannister, 88, British middle-distance athlete, doctor, and academic, first person to run a sub-four-minute mile, Parkinson's disease.
Mal Bryce, 74, Australian politician, Deputy Premier of Western Australia (1983-1988).
Alva Campbell, 69, American convicted murderer.
Mimmo Càndito (it), 77, Italian writer and war correspondent, lung cancer.
Tônia Carrero, 95, Brazilian actress (Água Viva, Louco Amor), complications from surgery.
Prafulla Das, 91, Indian writer.
Jacqueline Desmarais, 89, Canadian billionaire philanthropist.
Patrick Doyle, 32, Scottish drummer (Veronica Falls).
Renzo Franzo, 103, Italian politician, Deputy (1948-1968).
Kenneth Gärdestad, 69, Swedish songwriter ("Satellit"), pneumonia and influenza following skin cancer and lymphoma.
Jacques Gernet, 96, French sinologist.
Vanessa Goodwin, 48, Australian politician, Attorney-General of Tasmania (2014-2017), brain cancer.
Sabit Hadžic, 60, Bosnian Yugoslav-era Olympic basketball player (1984) and coach (national team).
Emma Hannigan, 45, Irish author, breast cancer.
Richard Ho?opi?i, 76, American Hawaiian musician.
Imogene Powers Johnson, 87, American billionaire philanthropist.
Kim Chong-hoh, 82, South Korean politician.
Lin Hu, 90, Chinese general, deputy commander of the PLA Air Force.
Maria Noakes, 50, New Zealand-American kayaker, drowned.
Virgilijus Noreika, 82, Lithuanian opera singer, People's Artist of the USSR (1970).
Ivone Ramos, 91, Cape Verdean writer.
Murray B. Sachs, 77, American biomedical engineer.
Arthur Stewart, 76, Northern Irish footballer (Glentoran, Derby County, Detroit Cougars).
Ian Stewart, Baron Stewartby, 82, British politician.
David Ogden Stiers, 75, American actor (M*A*S*H, Beauty and the Beast, The Dead Zone), bladder cancer.
Jorge Wagensberg (es), 69, Spanish writer and physicist.
Yao Xian, 90, Chinese general, commander of the Beijing Military Region Air Force.
Maxine Berman, 71, American politician, member of the Michigan House of Representatives (1983-1996), lung cancer.
John Brunetti, 87, American racehorse breeder and race track owner (Hialeah Park).
Gordon Challis, 86, New Zealand poet.
Ota Filip, 87, Czech novelist and journalist.
Michele Hanson, 75, British journalist (The Guardian) and writer, music teacher and activist, stroke.
Billy Herrington, 48, American gay pornographic actor, traffic collision.
Khagendra Jamatia, 64, Indian politician, MLA (since 1988), blood cancer.
Brandon Jenkins, 48, American Red Dirt singer-songwriter, complications from heart surgery.
Barbara Kiefer Lewalski, 87, American literary scholar.
Jesús López Cobos, 78, Spanish conductor, cancer.
Gerry Lowe, 90, English rugby player (Warrington Wolves).
Cle Newhook, 74, Canadian politician, leader of the NL NDP (1989-1992), cancer.
Marcel Philippot (fr), 64, French comedic actor, suicide.
Ronnie Prophet, 80, Canadian country singer, multiple organ failure.
Carlo Ripa di Meana, 88, Italian politician, Minister of the Environment (1992-1993) and European Commissioner for the Environment (1983-1993).
Sammy Stewart, 63, American baseball player (Baltimore Orioles, Boston Red Sox, Cleveland Indians), World Series champion (1983).
Harry J. Ufland, 81, American film producer (The Last Temptation of Christ, Snow Falling on Cedars, The Big Wedding), brain cancer.
Fredrik Bull-Hansen, 90, Norwegian military officer, Chief of Defence (1984-1987).
Bill Burkette, 75, American singer (The Vogues).
Joan Canals (es), 89, Spanish basketball player.
Enrique Cárdenas González, 91, Mexican politician, Governor of Tamaulipas (1975-1981), Municipal President of Ciudad Victoria (1968-1971).
Franciszek Czudek (pl), 75, Polish pastor.
Diana Der Hovanessian, 83, American poet.
Dorne Dibble, 88, American football player (Detroit Lions), NFL champion (1953, 1957), pneumonia.
Jean-Guy Hamelin, 92, Canadian Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Rouyn-Noranda (1973-2001).
Nayani Krishnamurthy, 67, Indian writer.
Anatoly Lein, 86, Russian-born American chess Grandmaster.
Arabinda Muduli, 56, Indian musician and singer, cardiac arrest.
Louis Onguto, Kenyan judge, member of the High Court (since 2014).
Vicente Piquer, 83, Spanish footballer (Valencia, Málaga, national team).
Gibby Rosenberg, 86, Canadian restaurateur, heart attack.
María Rubio, 83, Mexican actress (Cuna de lobos, Imperio de cristal, Querida enemiga).
Orin C. Smith, 75, American coffee executive, president and CEO of Starbucks (2000-2005), pancreatic cancer.
Luigi Taveri, 88, Swiss motorcycle road racer, Grand Prix champion (1962, 1964, 1966), stroke.


text:
Q: How to disable users changing their display_name? What would I have to do to prevent users changing their display_name?

A: You can use jQuery to disable the display name select.
function disable_display_name() {
    global $pagenow;
    if ( $pagenow == 'profile.php' ) {
    ?>
        <script>
            jQuery( document ).ready(function() {
                jQuery('#display_name').prop('disabled', 'disabled');
            });
        </script>
    <?php
    }
}
add_action( 'admin_head', 'disable_display_name', 15 );

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The Top 5 Moments from the 2016 Tony Awards
Non-spoiler: Hamilton wins big.
By Jeanne Lyons Davis 6/13/2016 at 11:53am
Image: Courtesy of tonyawards.com
Theater buffs across the world stayed up past their bedtimes last night as the 70th Tony Awards delivered emotional tributes to the shooting victims in Orlando and show-stopping performances by nominated casts, like Hamilton who had a record 16 nominations and narrowly missed the record 12 wins that The Producers garnered in 2001. Here, our favorite moments from the memorable night:
1. James Corden's Heartfelt Address to Orlando
As the world grieved the deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history this weekend, Corden pushed theatrics aside and opened the Tony Awards by addressing the camera:
"All around the world people are trying to come to terms with the horrific events that took place in Orlando this morning. On behalf of the whole theater community and every person in this room, our hearts go out to all of those affected by this atrocity. All we can say is you are not on your own right now. Your tragedy is our tragedy. Theater is a place where every race, creed, sexuality and gender is equal, is embraced and is loved. Hate will never win. Together we have to make sure of that. Tonight's show stands as a symbol and a celebration of that principle. This is the Tony Awards!"
2. Jane Krakowski's Split from Her She Loves Me Performance!
As the cast from the beloved musical revival She Loves Me took the stage, Laura Benanti sang "Vanilla Ice Cream" followed by Zachary Levi as he belted the title song "She Loves Me." But when Jane Krakowski jumped into a full split while singing "Ilona" then pulled across the stage in said split by Levi, applause erupted throughout the theater.
3. The Cast of Hamilton Performing Hamilton
Introduced by the President and First Lady, the most anticipated performance of the evening did not disappoint as the Hamilton cast performed "History Has Its Eyes on You" and "Yorktown (World Turned Upside Down)." To no one's surprise, Hamilton won 11 Tony Awards that evening, including Best Musical.
4. Carpool Karaoke with Lin-Manuel Miranda, Audra McDonald, Jesse Tyler Ferguson and Jane Krakowski
Talk about an all-star commute! As part of The Late Late Show with James Corden's widely popular segment "Carpool Karaoke," the Tony Award host hit all the high notes from Hamilton, Les Misérables and other Broadway classics alongside his pitch-perfect riders.
5. Barbra Streisand Returns to the Tony Awards after a 46-Year Hiatus
All rise for Broadway's reigning leading lady! Barbra Streisand received a standing ovation as she walked onto the stage to announce Best Musical winner Hamilton. (She didn't even read the card!) However, her outfit hinted that she had a sneaking suspicion of who the Tony was destined for...
Tony Awards, Theatre, Hamilton, Barbra Streisand, Jane Krakowski

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: How to reduce the delay for action upon item click in Android RecyclerVIew? I have a RecyclerView and when I click on item it should display an imageSlider with some images(just 2 or 3). Everything works fine but there's a little delay on click, something it takes 2 seconds which is very annoying? How can I fix it?
This is the slider code that load images from an array of bitmaps:
public class ImageAdapter extends PagerAdapter {

    private Context context;
    private ArrayList<Bitmap> bitmaps;

    public ImageAdapter(Context context, ArrayList<Bitmap> bitmaps) {
        this.context = context;
        this.bitmaps = bitmaps;
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return bitmaps.size();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isViewFromObject(@NonNull View view, @NonNull Object o) {
        return view == o;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroyItem(@NonNull ViewGroup container, int position, @NonNull Object object) {
        container.removeView((ImageView) object);
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public Object instantiateItem(@NonNull ViewGroup container, int position) {

        ImageView imageView = new ImageView(context);
        Glide.with(container)
                .asBitmap()
                .centerCrop()
                .load(bitmaps.get(position))
                .into(imageView);

        container.addView(imageView,0);
        return imageView;

    }
}

A: Bitmap Scaling:
Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(yourBitmap, 100, 100, false);

Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(yourBitmap, width, height, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);

Or with Glide:
Glide.with(context).asBitmap().load(yourBitmap).apply(new RequestOptions().placeholder(placeHolderDrawable).error(errorDrawable).override(width, height)).into(yourImageView);


Barcelona, the capital of Spain's Catalonia region, is the second biggest city in the entire country and well-known throughout the world as an international centre of culture, history, art and atmosphere. There is plenty to do in the city – savour the unique architectural work by Gaudi, explore the stalls at the Boqueria market or simply enjoy the Catalan atmosphere and cuisine. Hiring a car from Barcelona Sants Railway station is a great way to have access to the city's amenities as well as the rest of Catalonia and northern Spain.
One of Barcelona's main tourist attractions is undoubtedly Park Güell where you can roam at your leisure and see much of the great architect Antoni Gaudí's work. Shop and sample Catalonian cuisine on one of Barcelona's many famous streets such as Las Ramblas, or simply stop and enjoy the atmosphere. Rent a car from Barcelona Sants Railway Station and you will be able to see all that the Catalonian capital has to offer, plan trips to savour the wider region and the rest of the delightful country of continental intrigue that is Spain.


Susie's Beach House is a comfortable three bedroom holiday house that is only a short walk to beaches, shops and restaurants. The house is located 500 metres from three beaches, local hotel and restaurants.
Susie's features include a large covered deck off the lounge room. The lounge room has a large LCD TV and the main bedroom has a LED TV. There are ceiling fans in all rooms, a gas BBQ, fully fenced yard, off-street parking and access to a lock-up garage.
Bedroom 1 has a queen bed, bedroom 2 a double bed and the 3rd bedroom has a double bed and a single bunk bed.
Please note at the current time you will need to bring your own sheets and towels. If you are unable to do this, for an additional charge they can be hired through local linen supply services and will be available on your arrival. All other bedding is provided.
The main bathroom has a shower, vanity and toilet. The second bathroom with bath/shower and toilet is situated in the laundry area which is attached to the rear of the house. It is accessed by stepping outside the back door of the house for 2 metres to then enter the laundry.
At this time we are unable to accommodate pets.
Local Attractions - There are five beaches nearby as well as historic Trial Bay Gaol built in the 1880s, Smoky Cape Lighthouse and many scenic bushwalks. Other popular activities in and around South West Rocks include walking on coastal tracks in the National Park, diving, fishing and golfing.
At the gaol you can take a tour of the ruins and dine at the cafe there which overlooks Trial Bay.
It is also worth a visit to Smoky Cape lighthouse which is located on a headland overlooking the ocean. Those feeling like exercise can walk up the path to the lighthouse. Tours inside the lighthouse are also available at specific times and days.
Gladstone is 15 minutes away on the banks of the Manning River with galleries, interesting shops and cafes.
Location - Approximately 455 km north of Sydney, South West Rocks is one of the quietest and most attractive towns on the Mid North Coast, approximately a 5 hour drive from Sydney, or 25 minutes from Kempsey. The main town is located right at the beach with fantastic views up and down the coast.
toilet, combination tub/shower, Located with laundry.Requires a few steps outside to access.
Adjoins kitchen. Two additional stools at kitchen benchtop.
As above, comfortable and close to the shops, beach and creek. Busy road the only bad point.
Clean, comfy and perfect for our family.
Great location, so clean and check in/out process was super easy. The balcony was great with the breeze but tree shade too. Can highly recommend and if we ever find ourselves in South West Rocks again, we will happily book in here again. The only very minor reason we gave 4 stars is that all of banged our legs several times on the glass topped table in the lounge. Would recommend swapping out. Thx.
Well equiped and tidy residence.
Beautiful property. Would def come back. Just feel for longer stay, a washing machine would be helpful..
We thoroughly enjoyed our short stay. Very comfortable for 4 adults and 2 kids. Only thing I would suggest is a mirror in each bedroom.


To find out more about a Committee, click on the name below to access the unreserved minutes, terms of reference, membership and the details of the constitution.
The Council and the Senate are supported by specialist standing committees. Collectively they form the major decision-making structure of the University. View diagrammatic representations of the University's Committee structure.
The University Archive provides further details of historic holdings of papers and minutes. Guidance on submitting committee papers to the Modern Records Centre is available on their website.
See our guidance and training for secretaries, members and chairs of Committees.
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text:
Dwayne 'The Rock' Johnson bringing back the Scorpion King for another movie
Kim NovakWednesday 11 Nov 2020 5:54 pm
Dwayne Johnson is working on another Scorpion King movie (Picture: Rex)
Dwayne Johnson is set to bring back the Scorpion King in a new movie about the character he made famous in The Mummy Returns.
His 2001 performance of the character in The Mummy Returns led to a 2001 The Scorpion King spin-off, which cemented him as a big screen star.
Deadline has reported that the former wrestler is bringing back the character for another movie alongside Universal Pictures, but it is unlikely he will be starring in it.
Universal and Dwayne and his ex-wife Dany Garcia's production company Seven Buck Productions have locked in Jonathan Herman – who penned Straight Outta Compton – to write the script for the upcoming movie.
With Dwayne, 48, said to be heavily booked up until 2022, Deadline says it is likely another actor will be cast as the Scorpion King, though Dwayne could potentially make a cameo in the film.
While little is known about the plot of the upcoming Scorpion King movie, sources have claimed that this one will be set in modern times, unlike its predecessor.
While he made the character famous, Dwayne is not thought to be reprising the role himself (Picture: Bruce Birmelin/Universal/Kobal/REX)
Dwayne said in a statement: 'The Scorpion King was my very first role ever on the silver screen and I'm honoured and excited to reimagine and deliver this cool mythology to a whole new generation.
'I wouldn't have had the career I'm lucky enough to have had it not been for The Scorpion King and I'm thrilled that we at Seven Bucks Productions can help create those same opportunities for other hardworking actors today.
'I believe Jonathan Herman will put in the hard work to deliver a fantastic script for our global audience.'
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Upcoming projects Dwayne is set to star in include Red Notice with Gal Gadot and Ryan Reynolds, as well as historical drama The King, about the monarch King Kamehameha who united the Hawaiian islands, and Black Adam.
The hard-working actor is also developing a TV comedy Young Rock based on his childhood, which is filming in Australia at the moment.
If you've got a celebrity story, video or pictures get in touch with the Metro.co.uk entertainment team by emailing us celebtips@metro.co.uk, calling 020 3615 2145 or by visiting our Submit Stuff page – we'd love to hear from you
MORE : Dwayne Johnson left bleeding after smacking himself in the face with 50lb chain – but walks it off like an absolute champ
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J Neurosci. 2009 Dec 16;29(50):15878-87. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4210-09.2009.
Colgan LA1, Putzier I, Levitan ES.
Packaging by the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) is essential for mood-controlling serotonin transmission but has not been assayed during activity. Here, two-photon imaging of the fluorescent serotonin analog 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine and three-photon imaging of endogenous serotonin were used to study vesicular packaging as it supports release from the soma of serotonin neurons. Glutamate receptor activation in dorsal raphe brain slice evoked somatic release that was mediated solely by vesicle exocytosis. This release was accompanied by VMAT-mediated serotonin depletion from the nucleus, a large compartment free of monoaminergic degradation pathways that has not been implicated in neurotransmission previously. Finally, while some monoamine packaged at rest was held in reserve, monoamine packaged during stimulation was released completely. Hence, somatic vesicles loaded by VMAT during activity rapidly undergo exocytosis. In the absence of active zones and with limited neurotransmitter reuptake, somatic release by serotonin neurons is supported by recruitment from a large pool of extravesicular serotonin in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and preferential release of the newly packaged transmitter.
Two-photon characteristics of dHT. A, Structures of serotonin (5-HT) and dHT. B, Empirical two-photon excitation spectrum of dHT. Background-subtracted collected fluorescence of a 5 mM dHT solution was excited at indicated wavelengths. This empirical plot does not correct for the increase in laser output associated with increasing wavelength. C, Two-photon absorption of dHT. Dorsal raphe slices loaded with dHT (see Methods) were excited with increasing levels of power measured at the specimen. Symbols represent collected data and lines represent linear regression from individual cells (n=6). Mean slope = 2.0 ± 0.01.
SERT-mediated uptake and VMAT-mediated loading of dHT into release competent secretory vesicles. A, Two-photon dHT fluorescence images of representative undifferentiated PC12 cells transfected with GFP and either control (Con) or SERT DNA, and incubated for 1 h with 20 μM dHT or a combination of dHT and 10 μM fluoxetine. Scale bar = 10 μm. GFP fluorescence was used to mark transfected cells. B, Representative two-photon images of NGF-differentiated PC12 cells loaded with control solution (Con) or dHT for 1 h or overnight (o/n) as indicated. O/n loading was followed by a 1 h wash. Scale bar = 10 μm. C, Representative images of differentiated, dHT-loaded PC12 cells before (Con) and 5 minutes after application of 1 μM monensin. Monensin induced a doubling of dHT fluorescence in growth cones. Scale bar = 10 μm. D, Representative images of differentiated PC12 cells loaded o/n with dHT (Con) or 100 nM reserpine and dHT. Reserpine prevented the localization of dHT fluorescence to growth cones. Scale bar = 10 μm. E, Colocalization in growth cones of epifluorescence from dHT and the neuropeptide secretory granule cargo ANF-GFP. PC12 cells stably expressing ANF-GFP were transfected with SERT and then loaded with dHT o/n. Scale bar = 20 μm. F, K+-induced depolarization (STIM) induces parallel decreases in dHT and ANF-GFP signals from growth cones (n = 6).
Nuclear and vesicular dHT distribution in soma of DR serotonin neurons. A, Maximum Z-projection of 16 consecutive, 2.5 μm-spaced two-photon images through the DR of rat brain slice loaded with dHT or dHT and fluoxetine for 3 h. Scale bar = 20 μm. B, dHT is present within the nucleus. Single optical section through the center of a dHT (green) loaded neuron stained with Hoechst 33342 (blue) to mark the nucleus. Three-dimensional XY and YZ projections of the same neuron are shown. Scale bars = 10 μm. C, Extra-vesicular monoamine diffuses between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Summed image stacks of a dHT loaded neuron before and after photobleaching a small region of a proximal dendrite in a single optical section. Scale bar = 20 μm. D, Summed dHT fluorescence before (Con) and after 30 s application of 50 mM ammonium chloride (NH4+). Scale bar = 20 μm. E, Quantification of extra-vesicular ( , measured in slices loaded in the presence of reserpine) and total ( ) fractional fluorescence changes after NH4+ application. The difference, indicated with a bracket, represents the NH4+-induced fractional fluorescence change in vesicular dHT (n ≥ 13). NH4+ experiments were done on slices at rest and after AMPA-induced stimulation.
AMPA induces somatic exocytosis from DR serotonin neurons. A, Pseudo-colored summed stack of dHT loaded DR neurons before (Con) and after 1 min of stimulation with 10 μM AMPA. Scale bar = 20 μm. B, Quantification of the decrease in somatic dHT fluorescence upon 1 min incubation with control solution ( ), AMPA ( ), and AMPA in zero calcium ( ). The AMPA-induced fluorescence responses are also shown for slices loaded in the presence of reserpine ( ). n ≥ 16 for each condition; * p < 0.001 compared to Con, Dunnett's multiple comparisons test after one-way ANOVA.
Activity-dependent vesicular transport depletes nuclear monoamine. A, Single pseudocolored equatorial section of dHT-loaded neuron before (Con) and after AMPA stimulation reveals dHT loss in the nucleus. The nucleus as marked by Hoechst stain is outlined. Scale bar = 10 μm. B, Single pseudocolored equatorial sections of a dHT-loaded neuron exposed acutely to reserpine are shown before (Con) and after AMPA stimulation. Reserpine incubation during stimulation prevented a drop in nuclear fluorescence as measured in a small region in the center of the neuron (outlined). C, Quantification of the AMPA-induced decrease in nuclear fluorescence measured within the Hoechst defined nuclear border (AMPAH, ; n=6) or the center of the neuron (AMPAC, ; n = 7). Acute application of reserpine just before and during stimulation blocked the AMPA-induced dHT depletion in the nucleus (AMPAC + reserpine ; n = 7; *p < 0.01 Tukey's multiple comparison test after one-way ANOVA). D, Summary of stimulation induced monoamine dynamics deduced from and 5C. AMPA induces VMAT dependent vesicular packaging and vesicle exocytosis to release the equivalent of the entire preloaded vesicular pool. The predicted ΔF (%) of these dynamics (20%) is within the error of the measured AMPA induced fluorescence change ().
Contribution of activity-dependent vesicular transport to somatic release. A, Models of neurotransmitter packaging and release. Transmitter already packaged in vesicles at rest (i.e. prepackaged) is indicated in blue. Extra-vesicular transmitter before stimulation is indicated in red. In model i, all prepackaged transmitter is released. Extra-vesicular transmitter is then packaged into vesicles. In model ii, a portion of the prepackaged transmitter and all transmitter packaged during stimulation is released. Note that the activity-dependent contribution of VMAT to release is different in the two models: model ii relies on VMAT during the stimulus to contribute to released transmitter, while released transmitter in model i is independent of VMAT function during AMPA stimulation. B, Quantification of somatic ΔF (%) in response to 1 min of AMPA stimulation in slices acutely exposed to reserpine (n ≥ 14). Open and grayed bars show calculated AMPA responses for model i and model ii respectively (). The experimental result (AMPA + reserpine) is comparable to the prediction of model ii, but significantly different from model i (p = 0.01, one-sample t-test compared to prediction of model i).
Three-photon imaging of serotonin corroborates recruitment of nuclear monoamine and efficient release of newly packaged transmitter. A, Representative three-photon images of serotonin fluorescence are shown as single optical sections through the center of the nucleus and summed projections of the entire soma. Vesicular serotonin fluorescence is shown after subtracting the extra-vesicular serotonin (i.e., signal measured in the nucleus, Vesicular). B, The same neuron before and after one minute of stimulation with 10 μM AMPA. Single optical sections through the center of the neuron reveal nuclear serotonin depletion induced by AMPA, but not control solution (n ≥ 7, p = 0.007, t-test), whereas summed projections demonstrate total AMPA induced release of serotonin (C). C, Quantification of somatic ΔF (%) in response to 1 min of control solution (Con, ), AMPA ( ), or AMPA in slices acutely exposed to reserpine (AMPA + Reserpine, ). Reserpine significantly attenuated serotonin release (n ≥ 6; *p< 0.05, Tukey's multiple comparison test after one way ANOVA).


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Home / Search Results for "tamron"
Search Results for tamron
Tamron 150-500mm f/5-6.7 Di III VC VXD (Model A057) lens
https://www.photoreview.com.au/reviews/mirrorless-lenses/mirrorless-lenses-full-frame/tamron-150-500mm-f-5-6-7-di-iii-vc-vxd-model-a057-lens/
A surprisingly versatile, stabilised super-tele zoom lens with a linear focusing motor and weather-resistant sealing to please sports and wildlife photographers.
Tamron 18-300mm f/3.5-6.3 Di III-A VC VXD (Model B061) lens
https://www.photoreview.com.au/reviews/mirrorless-lenses/mirrorless-lenses-aps-c/tamron-18-300mm-f-3-5-6-3-di-iii-a-vc-vxd-model-b061-lens/
Tamron's first 16.7x zoom lens for Sony E-mount APS-C cameras features sophisticated engineering with VC stabilisation and a linear motor AF drive.
Tamron 35-150mm f/2-2.8 Di III VXD (Model A058) lens
https://www.photoreview.com.au/reviews/mirrorless-lenses/mirrorless-lenses-full-frame/tamron-35-150mm-f-2-2-8-di-iii-vxd-model-a058-lens/
A fast all-in-one zoom for Sony's E-mount full-frame cameras, this versatile lens is a reliable performer for both stills shooting and videography.
Tamron 28-75mm f/2.8 Di III VXD G2 (Model A063) lens
https://www.photoreview.com.au/reviews/mirrorless-lenses/mirrorless-lenses-full-frame/tamron-28-75mm-f-2-8-di-iii-vxd-g2-model-a063-lens/
The second-generation model in Tamron's popular standard-range zoom lens offers improved imaging performance and better handling.
Three new Tamron lenses arriving late October
https://www.photoreview.com.au/news/products/three-new-tamron-lenses-arriving-late-october/
Three new Tamron zoom lenses – the 28-75mm f/2.8 Di III VXD G2, 35-150mm f/2-2.8 Di III VXD and 18-300mm f/3.5-6.3 Di III-A VC VXD – are due for release on 28 October.
Tamron launches 18-300mm lens for Sony E-mount APS-C cameras
https://www.photoreview.com.au/news/products/tamron-launches-18-300mm-lens-for-sony-e-mount-aps-c-cameras/
September 24, 2021 is the new launch date for the Tamron 18-300mm F/3.5-6.3 Di III-A VC VXD (Model B061), the first 16.6x zoom lens for Sony E-mount APS-C cameras.
Tamron announces two new E-mount zoom lenses
https://www.photoreview.com.au/news/products/tamron-announces-two-new-e-mount-zoom-lenses/
Tamron has released details of its 28-75mm f/2.8 Di III VXD G2 and 35-150mm f/2-2.8 Di III VXD lenses for Sony E-mount full-frame cameras, which will go on sale in 2021.
Tamron announces new 16.6x all-in-one zoom lens
https://www.photoreview.com.au/news/products/tamron-announces-new-16-6x-all-in-one-zoom-lens/
Tamron has released details of the 18-300mm f/3.5-6.3 Di III-A VC VXD (Model B061), its first extended-range zoom lens for Fujifilm and Sony APS-C mirrorless cameras.
Tamron 70-300 f/4.5-6.3 Di RXD III lens (Model A047)
https://www.photoreview.com.au/reviews/mirrorless-lenses/mirrorless-lenses-full-frame/tamron-70-300-f-4-5-6-3-di-rxd-iii-lens-model-a047/
An affordably-priced compact and lightweight, weather-resistant 4x telephoto zoom lens for Sony's full-frame E-mount mirrorless cameras.
Tamron 28-200mm f/2.8-5.6 Di III RXD lens (A071)
https://www.photoreview.com.au/reviews/mirrorless-lenses/mirrorless-lenses-full-frame/tamron-28-200mm-f-2-8-5-6-di-iii-rxd-lens-a071/
A lightweight, weatherproof, convenience zoom lens for Sony full-frame E-mount cameras which offers fast, near-silent autofocusing plus high sharpness and clarity.
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Oxford v Newcastle tickets now on sale
The Oxford v Newcastle tickets are now on sale.
With only nine days to go until the fourth round clash, tickets can be bought only hours after Birmingham were (relatively) comfortably dispatched on Wednesday night.
With a Kassam capacity of only 12,500, Newcastle were never going to get enough tickets to satisfy the demand.
The 1,800 tickets are initially available to those with at least 120 loyalty points, details below.
Newcastle United Official Announcement:
'Tickets for Newcastle United's trip to Oxford United in the Emirates FA Cup fourth round will go on sale to season ticket holders with 120+ loyalty points from 10am on Thursday.
The club has been allocated around 1,800 tickets for the tie, which takes place at the Kassam Stadium on Saturday 28th January (kick-off 3pm).
Tickets are priced at £21 for adults, £15 for over-65s, £14 for ages 18-21 and full-time students (ID required) and £12 for ages 13-18.
Tickets for under-13s and under-7s are priced at £8 and £5 respectively and all children in these categories must be accompanied by an adult.
To purchase tickets, please visit tickets.nufc.co.uk, call 0844 372 1892 (calls cost 7p per minute plus your network access charge) or call in to the St James Park box office (Milburn Stand).
Further announcements on loyalty points will be made in due course subject to availability.'


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Did Justice Ginsburg hint at census outcome?
By MARK SHERMAN and JESSICA GRESKO
It's been another taxing term for reporters who try to forecast the outcome of high-profile U.S. Supreme Court cases.
Many of us wrote that based on arguments in late April, the court's five conservative justices would allow the Trump administration to go forward with a citizenship question on the 2020 census.
That turned out not to be true when Chief Justice John Roberts joined with the court's four liberals to keep citizenship off the census questionnaire, at least for the time being.
But perhaps we did not focus enough on a hint dropped by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg in early June. In a speech to lawyers and judges in New York, Ginsburg described those predicting the administration would win the case as "speculators." The Merriam-Webster dictionary says a speculator may take something "to be true on the basis of insufficient evidence."
"Speculators about the outcome note that last year, in Trump v. Hawaii, the court upheld the so-called 'travel ban,' in an opinion granting great deference to the Executive," Ginsburg said in prepared remarks distributed by the court.
It's fair to, ahem, speculate that the 86-year-old justice could have idly dropped the word into her speech without intending to signal the case's outcome.
But this year's speech was not the first to offer some evidence that Ginsburg knows precisely what she is doing.
In 2012, with the whole world waiting for the court's verdict on President Barack Obama's health care overhaul, Ginsburg told the same groups of lawyers and judges that that the term had been especially "taxing." Weeks later, with Roberts and the four liberals forming a majority, the Supreme Court upheld the heart of the Affordable Care Act as a valid exercise of Congress's taxing power.
Problem is, Ginsburg's handiwork is typically only evident in hindsight. And to be fair, she denied to a reporter that she intended to foreshadow the health care decision in her speech.
Three glorious months. That's how long the Supreme Court is on vacation after issuing its final, big opinions at the end of June.
The justices usually get out of Washington, packing their bags for other parts of the country and the world. Roberts likes to spend time at a vacation home in Maine. Justice Clarence Thomas generally isn't recognized as he drives his motor coach around the country.
This year, Ginsburg's schedule includes a repeat trip to New York to speak at a festival dedicated to musicals and opera, a passion of hers. She'll be back in Washington to speak at the Library of Congress National Book Festival on Aug. 31.
Justice Sonia Sotomayor is also hitting the books, spending time at book festivals in Mississippi and Georgia. She has a new kids book, "Just Ask!" due out Sept. 3. It's about children who are growing up with different challenges, a topic personal to Sotomayor, who was diagnosed with diabetes as a child.
The classroom, rather than the courtroom, is another place justices often spend the summer. The court's newest justice, Brett Kavanaugh, is teaching in England. President Donald Trump's other appointee to the court, Neil Gorsuch, is doing the same in Italy. Gorsuch will be back stateside to speak at the George W. Bush Presidential Center in mid-September, where he'll talk about his book, "A Republic, If You Can Keep It," due out Sept. 10.
The justices will next gather for a private conference Oct. 1 and begin hearing arguments again Oct. 7.