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Dennis McCarty
THOUGHTS FROM A GENTLE ATHEIST
About Gentle Atheism
The UUA Truth Zone: Get the Real Facts
The REAL Genealogy of the Seven Principles (APPENDIX)
December 18, 2022 by Dennis McCarty Leave a Comment
For anyone who might find it useful, this is a (non-exhaustive) list of Unitarian and Universalist statements of belief and principle, affirmed over the centuries by the two branches of our tradition. This should serve as a resource for a more accurate, honest discussion of proposed changes in the Unitarian Universalist Association's Bylaws.
1790—Philadelphia Universalist Convention—Dr. Benjamin Rush drafted the theological statement affirmed by Universalist delegates at that time. It is too lengthy to produce here, but laid out Universalist belief on: 1. The Holy Scriptures; 2. The Supreme Being; 3. The Mediator (Jesus Christ); 4. The Holy Ghost; and 5. Good Works.
From those earliest days, however, there were theological tensions within Universalism. One was between Trinitarian and non-Trinitarian Universalists (regarding belief in the "Father, Son, and Holy Sprit" construction of the orthodox Christian Godhead.) Another was between Restorationist Universalists and so-called ultra-Universalists. Restorationists believed the souls of wrongdoers did receive a time of punishment in the afterlife, before being received into heaven. Ultra-Universalists believed that everyone went to heaven immediately upon death.
1803—Universalist General Convention in Winchester, New Hampshire— produced what became known as the Winchester Profession of Faith. Partly to reconcile tensions within Universalism, it simplified their belief statement to three sentences:
I. We believe that the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments contain a revelation of the character of God and of the duty, interest and final destination of mankind.
II. We believe that there is one God, whose nature is love, revealed in one Lord Jesus Christ, by one Holy Spirit of Grace, who will finally restore the whole family of mankind to holiness and happiness.
III. We believe that holiness and true happiness are inseparably connected, and that believers ought to be careful to maintain order and practice good works; for these things are good and profitable unto men.[sic.]
1825—Berry Street Conference of Ministers: the American Unitarian Association
Congregationalist Churches, particularly in New England, had an increasing number of Unitarian members in the late 1700's and into early 1800's. Unitarian ministers finally formed an organized American Unitarian Association at the Berry Street Conference of Ministers, in Boston, in 1825. Since Unitarians were technically still members of Congregationalist churches, it was an association of individuals, not congregations. In the process, they voted to adopt a statement written by Henry Ware, the Hollis Divinity Chair at Harvard Divinity School. The three purposes of the new AUA were:
To provide "knowledge [about their take on] pure and undefiled religion," to "unite Unitarian Christians" across the United States, and to "publish and distribute tracts" and "support missionaries."
1844—Unitarian abolitionist James Russell Lowell expressed the aspiration of his time in an influential poem, "The Present Crisis." It includes the lines:
New occasions teach new duties.
Time makes ancient good uncouth.
They must upward still and onward
Who would keep abreast of truth.
1852—Western Unitarian Conference founded
It is safe to say that Unitarians west of the Allegheny Mountains have, from their earliest days, tended to be more theologically liberal than New England Unitarians. Many of the Western Unitarian Conference's founders favored a religion of ethical living, as opposed to a religion founded around creedal belief.
1865—National Conference of Unitarian Churches founded
With the development of intentional Unitarian congregations across the country, came the founding of the National Conference of Unitarian Churches. At their first convention, in New York in 1866, they voted on the following statement:
[We affirm] Belief in our Lord, Jesus Christ, the Son of God and His specially appointed Messenger and Representative to our race; gifted with supernatural power, approved of God by miracles and signs and wonders, which God did by him, and thus, by Divine authority, commanding the devout and reverential faith of all who claim the Christian name.
Representing only the views of Unitarian Christians, the National Conference's creed was sure to touch off controversy, and it did. A hot floor fight ensued. Unitarian freethinkers, including Ralph Waldo Emerson and Unitarian ministers Francis Ellingwood Abbott, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, and Moncure Conway among others, walked out. They formed what they called The Free Religious Association in 1867.
The Free Religious Association was mostly, but not completely, American Unitarian. (One exception was English biologist Charles Darwin, who corresponded with them. He could share religious views with them which he dared not voice in his own land.)
1870, the Free Religious Association publishes Fifty Affirmations. The first four were:
I. Religion is the effort of man to perfect himself.
II. The root of religion is universal human nature.
III. Historical religions are all one, in virtue of this common root.
IV. The fellowship of Christianity is limited by the Christian Confession. . . . The fellowship of Free Religion is universal and free; it proclaims the great brotherhood of man without limit or bound.[sic.]
1880—Charles Gordon Ames, of Philadelphia's Spring Garden Unitarian Society, wrote:
In the freedom of the truth,
And in the spirit of Jesus,
We unite for the worship of God
And the service of man.[sic.]
1887—Rev. William Channing Gannett, a leader in the Western Unitarian Conference, published "Things Most Commonly Believed Today Among Us":
We believe that to love the Good and to live the Good is the supreme thing in religion'
We hold reason and conscience to be final authorities in matters of religious belief;
We honor the Bible and all inspiring scripture, old and new;
We revere Jesus, and all holy souls that have taught men truth and righteousness and love, as prophets of religion;
We believe in the growing nobility of Man; We trust the unfolding Universe as beautiful, beneficent, unchanging Order; to know this order is truth; to obey it is right and liberty and stronger life;
We believe that good and evil invariably carry their own recompense, no good thing being failure and no evil thing success; that heaven and hell are states of being; that no evil can befall the good man in either life or death; that all things work together for the victory of the Good;
We believe that we ought to join hands and work to make the good things better and the worst good, counting nothing good for self that is not good for all;
We believe that this self-forgetting, loyal life awakes in man the sense of union here and now with things eternal—the sense of deathlessness; and this sense is to us an earnest of the life to come;
We worship One-in-All—that life whence suns and stars derive their orbits and the soul of man its Ought,—that Light which eightieth every man that cometh into the world, giving us the power to become the sons of God,—that Love with which our souls commune.[sic.]
1889—Unitarian minister James Freeman Clarke preached "Five Points" of Unitarianism. Though never an official statement by the AUA, they were displayed in many Unitarian congregations across the country, in a manner similar to the way we post the Seven Principles today.
The Brotherhood of Man
The Leadership of Jesus
Salvation by Character
The Progress of Mankind, onward and upward forever.[sic.]
1894—James Vila Blake, Church of All Souls in Evanston, Illinois
This verse also became an affirmation shared and beloved in many Unitarian, and later Unitarian Universalist congregations:
Love is the spirit of this church, and service is its law.
This is our great covenant: To dwell together in peace,
To seek the truth of love, and to help one another.
1894—The National Conference, meeting in Saratoga, New York, affirmed this
Official statement:
These churches accept the religion of Jesus, holding, in accordance with his teaching, that practical religion is summed up in love to God and love to man. The Conference recognizes that its constituency is Congregational in tradition and polity. Therefore it declares that nothing in this constitution is to be construed as an authoritative test; and we cordially invite to our working fellowship any who, while differing from us in belief, are in general sympathy with our spirit and our practical aims.
This was, in part, an olive branch extended to the Free Religious Association and non-theistic members of the Western Unitarian Conference. While some did accept the invitation, others did not. The Free Religious Association continued in operation for another 20 years.
1899—Universalist Assembly, Boston—issued an updated version of the Winchester Profession of Faith. They titled it the "Universalist Declaration of Principles":
The Universal Fatherhood of God.
The Spiritual Authority and Leadership of His Son, Jesus Christ.
The trustworthiness of the Bible as containing a revelation from god.
The certainty of just retribution for sin.
The final harmony of all souls with God.[sic.]
1915—W. Hansen Pulsiford, First Unitarian Society of Chicago—
Pulsiford's statement was first published in "Four Services for Congregational Use." Later, in 1937, it was included in Hymns of the Spirit, which was a joint Unitarian/Universalist publication:
We believe in God, Father of our spirits, life of all that is; infinite in power, wisdom, and goodness, and working everywhere for righteousness, peace and love.
We believe in the ideal of human life which reveals itself in Jesus as love to God and love to man.
We believe that we should ever be growing in knowledge and ever aiming at a higher standard of character.
We believe in the growth of the kingdom of God on earth, and that our loyalty to truth, to righteousness, and to our fellow men, is the measure of our desire for its coming.
We believe that the living and the dead are both in the hands of God; that underneath both are his everlasting arms.[sic.]
1930—The Free Religious Association was long gone by this time, and the American Unitarian Association and National Conference had merged. But theistic and non-theistic Unitarians were a stronger presence within the Association than ever. The tension was becoming known as the "theist-humanist controversy." Partly to reconcile growing theological difference, New York Unitarian minister John Haynes Holmes adapted a 60-year-old statement by Christian-influenced Hindu, Keshub Chunder Sen. His statement of belief and practice statement is still a reading in our gray Hymnal, Singing the Living Tradition:
Unto the Church Universal, which is the depository of all ancient wisdom and the school of all modern thought;
Which recognizes in all prophets a harmony, in all scriptures a unity, and through all dispensations of continuity;
Which abjures all that separates and divides, and always magnifies brotherhood and peace;
Which seeks truth in freedom, justice in love, and individual discipline in social duty;
And which shall make of all sects, classes, nations and races, one fellowship of men—
Unto this church and all its members, known and unknown throughout the world, we pledge the allegiance of our hands and hearts.[sic.]
1933—influenced by James Vila Blake's verse, L. Griswald Williams created "A Universalist Covenant":
Love is the doctrine of this church,
The quest of truth is its sacrament,
And service is its prayer.
To dwell together in peace,
To seek knowledge in freedom,
To serve mankind in fellowship,
To the end that all souls shall grow into harmony with the Divine,
Thus do we covenant with each other and with God.[sic.]
1935—Universalist Declaration of Faith (Revised in 1953)
1. God as eternal and all-conquering love;
2. The spiritual leadership of Jesus;
3. The supreme worth of every human personality;
4. The authority of truth, known or to be known; and
5. The power of men of good will and sacrificial spirit to overcome all evil and progressively establish the Kingdom of God.
6. Neither this nor any other statement shall be imposed as a credal test.[sic.]
1936—AUA Commission on Appraisal publishes Unitarians Face a New Age
As a summary, the Commission on Appraisal reported:
Unitarians Agree:
In affirming the primacy of the free exercise of intelligence in religion, believing that in the long run the safest guide to truth is human intelligence.
In affirming the paramount importance for the individual of his own moral convictions and purpose.
In affirming that the social implications of religion are indispensable to its vitality and validity, as expressed in terms of concern for social conditions and the struggle to create a just social order.
In affirming the importance of the church as the organized expression of religion.
In affirming the necessity for worship as a deliberate effort to strengthen the individual's grasp of the highest spiritual values of which he is aware.
In affirming the rational nature of the universe.
Unitarians Disagree:
As to the expediency of using the traditional vocabulary of religion, within a fellowship which includes many who have rejected the ideas commonly associated with such words as "God", "prayer", "communion", "salvation", "immortality".
As to the wisdom of maintaining the definitely Christian tradition, and the traditional forms of Christian worship.
As to the religious value of a purely naturalistic philosophy.
As to the adequacy and competency of man to solve his own problems, both individual and social.
As to the advisability of direct action by churches in the field of social and political problems.[sic.]
(This list is included as evidence that today's tensions within Unitarian Universalism are nothing new. They are similar to tensions among us a hundred years ago.)
1944—Rev. A. Powell Davies, Commission on Unitarian Advance
This list of principles was widely used in Unitarian churches and fellowships up until the Unitarian/Universalist merger in 1961:
1. Individual Freedom of belief.
2. Discipleship to advancing truth.
3. The democratic method in human relations.
4. Universal brotherhood, undivided by nation, race or creed.
5. Allegiance to the cause of a united world community.
1961—Unitarian Universalist Principles
When the American Unitarian Association united with the Universalist Church of America, they wrote a set of common Principles into their first set of Bylaws. These Six Principles were:
In accordance with [our] corporate purposes, the members of the Unitarian Universalist Association, dedicated to the principles of a free faith, unite in seeking:
1. To strengthen one another in a free and disciplined search for truth as the foundation of our religious fellowship;
2. To cherish and spread the universal truths taught by the great prophets and teachers of humanity in every age and tradition, immemorially summarized in the Judeo-Christian heritage as love to God and love to man;
3. To affirm, defend, and promote the supreme worth of every human personality, the dignity of man, and the use of the democratic method in human relationships;
4. To implement our vision of one world by striving for a world community based on ideals of brotherhood, justice, and peace;
5. To serve the needs of member churches and fellowships, to organize new churches and fellowships, and to extend and strengthen liberation;
6. To encourage cooperation with men of good will in every land.[sic.]
About Dennis McCarty
Rev. Dennis McCarty is dedicated to the beauty and subtlety of the English language--and a non-theistic life of faith. He has written well-reviewed novels and nonfiction books; plays; essays; magazine articles--and is a dedicated lyricist and songwriter. This site explores life, love, ethics, and meaning. Religion is so much larger than just what you do or don't believe. Read More…
The REAL Genealogy of the Seven Principles December 18, 2022
The REAL Genealogy of the Seven Principles (APPENDIX) December 18, 2022
The Problem with "Reason" June 22, 2022
Gentle Atheism (11)
Journaling PTSD (3)
Little Celebrations (23)
Spirituality for Atheists (6)
Standing Rock Water Protectors (1)
The Minister's Life (3)
Transcendance for Atheists (4)
Trump Administration (1)
UUA Truth Zone: Get the Real Facts (10)
Copyright © 2019 Dennis McCarty | Designed by C. Grundman


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3D cinematography provides the audience with a groundbreaking experience in 3D cinema that allows viewers to pilot motorcycles, rally cars, parachutes, mountain bikes, monster trucks and more.


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Education , Innovation , Technology – February 8, 2017
Virtually There
Tiffany Hill
Tiffany Hill is a writer and editor based in Honolulu who specializes in business, travel and culture. When she's not on assignment, you can find her playing roller derby.
On Maui, Realtor Liam Ball is using virtual reality to draw in potential buyers – in some cases giving them a grand tour of homes they might not be able to visit in person. Photo: Chris Evans
Hawaii Life Real Estate Brokers bought a new camera in July. Nothing special in that; Realtors have long used pictures to entice prospective buyers to visit houses for sale.
But this purchase was special: a $4,500 Matterport Pro 3D, an automated, high dynamic range camera that creates virtual reality tours of homes, inside and out.
"It's hard to understand a house or a condo from a bunch of two-dimensional images," says Realtor broker Liam Ball. "You see nice picture of the kitchen, you see a nice picture of the view, of the bedroom and the bathrooms, but you really have no idea how it all fits together. Video was the next step … but VR is the ultimate way to get the information across."
The real estate industry is just one arena in which VR is being used in Hawaii. Innovators in local tourism and education say VR is not just part of the future, but useful right now – especially with digitally native Millennials.
Ball says some house-hunters don't have time to check out a home in person or they physically can't visit, which is often the case for foreign buyers interested in Hawaii's luxury homes. So VR tours are the next best option, he says.
Users can walk through each room and look outside windows using a mobile device or computer. Ball says his company has even mailed VR headsets to clients. For users short on time, Ball says, Realtors can create a pre-programmed tour of a home or condo. Matterport software even has a dollhouse view, giving viewers a 3D moveable model of the house, and a VR floor plan view.
To date, about 40 Hawaii Life homes and condos have been scanned with the Matterport camera and uploaded on the company's website, www.hawaiilife.com, including listings on Maui, Oahu, Kauai and Hawaii Island. Ball says he recently spent about 45 minutes scanning a two-bedroom condo in Wailea that is listed for $749,000.
As of press time, no homes with VR tours had sold. But, Ball says, Hawaii Life has received positive feedback about the added service, and he feels confident about its usefulness. "If we have House A and House B and they're in the same neighborhood, by the same developer and both are for sale and one of them has this 3D tour, I feel it's going to sell first. And selling first is selling better."
ON VACATION, VIRTUALLY
Armchair travel is one of the best, and most entertaining, ways that VR technology is being used. In 2015, Hawaiian Airlines announced its new first-class reclining seats via Oculus Rift. For a three-month trial in early 2015, Qantas offered first-class passengers Samsung VR headsets to virtually promote the airline's destinations. Marriott Hotels also experimented with virtual reality in 2015 with its "VRoom Service" program in which guests at select hotels could order a VR headset to virtually sightsee, without leaving their room.
This past September, the Hawaii Tourism Authority unveiled its free Hawaii VR mobile app at the annual Hawaii Tourism Conference. The app is available for iPhone and Android users and compatible with VR headsets; HTA even hands out branded cardboard viewers at conferences and trade shows.
Upon opening Hawaii VR, you become a paraglider hovering above the Islands, before floating down onto Oahu, Maui, Kauai or Hawaii Island to "explore Hawaii with a local." On the app, musician Kimie Miner performs atop Kilauea with a hula halau, Kepa Kruse strums an ukulele on a catamaran off the Na Pali Coast, waterwoman Jenny Van Gieson surfs in Waikiki and Hokulea apprentice navigator Austin Kino swims beneath a waterfall near Hana.
The branded VR viewer that HTA gives away at trade shows and other events. Courtesy Hawaii Tourism Authority.
"Right now, in the tourism industry, (virtual reality) is the future, because it allows you to do lots of things," says Leslie Dance, HTA's VP of marketing and product development.
Just in time for December's 75th anniversary of the Pearl Harbor attack, the managing nonprofit called Pacific Historic Parks partnered with the National Park Service to launch the Pearl Harbor VR Tours mobile app. The $2.99 app offers users three VR experiences at the World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument: the three decks of the pre-attack USS Arizona, the Dec. 7, 1941, attack on Battleship Row and the USS Arizona Memorial. The nonprofit also sold cardboard viewers for $9.95.
The mobile app took one year to develop and cost $340,000, says Tom Gerrish, Pacific Historic Parks' director of information and digital technology. "Our goal is to educate and we want to make that experience fun. Virtual reality removes you from your existing surroundings. … As it gets more fine tuned, the experience will be even more as if you're there."
Screen shots of a VR video created for the Hawaii Tourism Authority. Photo courtesy of Hawaii Tourism Authority.
Gerrish says the park service provided historical photos for the first two VR experiences. Users learn about Arizona crewmembers as they "walk" the decks, and then see aerial photos of the attack, including information about the Japanese aircrafts and Battleship Row subs. The park organizations contracted with Omaha-headquartered company HDR to shoot 360-degree video of the Arizona Memorial for the third VR experience. Gerrish says proceeds from the app support the memorial, and that the nonprofit is already brainstorming additional VR experiences.
HTA's Dance says the goal of both VR apps is to inspire the "travelers of tomorrow" – referring to Millennials, a demographic now more numerous than Baby Boomers.
"What we want is the Millennial generation to be engaged with World War II," Gerrish says. "It's such an important part of history that has molded where we are today. We think it's important that the younger generation understands that and leveraging the VR is a way to make that happen."
Both Dance and Gerrish say it's too soon to know whether the VR apps have attracted new visitors, young or otherwise. Neither had numbers on how many times the apps had been downloaded, or the number of active users. They both hope the VR experiences are enough of a taste of Hawaii that users will put the headset down, and book an airline ticket.
"For people who have never been to Hawaii and experienced it, the movie they play in their head is quite different than the reality," says Dance. "I think the virtual reality acts as kind of the middle part, where it starts to engage you a bit more and educate you a bit more about what the destination is and what each island offers."
"Nothing beats coming (here)," adds Gerrish. "But, if you can't come here, the second best thing is the virtual reality."
Andrew Kinimaka, a student at UH's John A. Burns School of Medicine, investigates an obstetric challenge using a virtual laparoscopic surgical trainer that reproduces the sense of touch. When tissue is grasped and cut, the surgeon feels the pressure, response and vibration of the action – as if the surgeon were actually inside a human body.
RISK-FREE MEDICAL TRAINING
At the SimTiki Simulation Center in the UH John A. Burns School of Medicine in Kakaako, sits hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth of specialized equipment, including VR surgical simulators, six life-size computerized mannequins and dozens of body parts, including arms and legs on which to practice finding arteries and placing IVs. Opened in 2006, the center's staff not only help train the next generation of doctors and nurses, but also help current professionals improve their skills.
"We call it the bridge between the book and the bedside," says Benjamin Berg, the director of simulation and professor of critical care medicine. "At some point people have to start working with real patients … Simulation allows them to practice and do things many times before they actually have to get involved with doing procedures with patients in real life."
The SimTiki Center is also home to the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery program, sponsored by the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons. A VR simulator for the program was invented in 2004 and mimics the feel of actual procedures as medical students and surgical fellows and residents learn hand-eye coordination, dexterity and precision. Watching a computer screen with VR anatomical graphics, trainees maneuver two graspers –which imitate surgical devices – to dissect, suture, biopsy and more.
"We're not just here for the university, but for the community," says chief simulation specialist Kris Hara. "Even high school students visit the simulation center."
Hara says all Hawaii surgical students intending to perform laparoscopic surgery must take the VR simulation course and pass the exam before being certified to practice. She says about 15 students take the course each year. According to the American College of Surgeons, since the inception of the FLS program, more than 9,000 surgical residents, fellows and practicing physicians have successfully completed the program.
Berg says working with the mannequins and VR surgery simulators improves students' accuracy and speed, and gives them confidence. Plus, if a student makes a mistake diagnosing Martin the mannequin, or during a laparoscopic surgery, no one gets harmed.
DIGITAL LEARNING FOR DIGITAL NATIVES
Dozens of Iolani high school students visited Baltimore for their U.S. history class this school year. After walking past a row of cannons, they stood inside the pentagon-shaped fortress of Fort McHenry. They discussed the fort's role in the War of 1812, and how its fluttering flag was the inspiration for a poem by Francis Scott Key, which later became the national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner."
Robin Hiraki's fourth grade social studies class at Iolani School experiences virtual reality with a Google Expeditions activity. In another activity, dozens of the fourth graders went on a field trip: half to Manoa Stream and half to Lyon Arboretum. However, the students made VR tours of each location, so all students could share in each of the visits. Photo Courtesy: Iolani School
But the teenagers didn't spend months fundraising for airfare or to buy heavy coats for the trip. All they needed was an iPhone and a $15 piece of folded cardboard.
"This is the beauty of virtual reality," says Michael Fricano II, an educational technology integration specialist and maker-ed teacher at Iolani School. Fricano supplied the U.S. history classes with VR headset viewers called Google Cardboard. The students plugged in their earbuds, placed their smartphones into the headsets, and then "traveled" to Fort McHenry via the Google Street View mobile app.
"It connects students to places all over the world where they're probably never going to be able to go physically in their lifetime. Especially here in Hawaii, some of our students have never left the Island … Because of that, VR is one great way to virtually get kids off the Island and allow them to explore the world around them."
Local innovators like Fricano are helping get the tech into classrooms, offices and households by demonstrating its potential to teachers, business leaders and consumers. He helped incorporate the technology at Iolani about two years ago. This year, students also created their own VR projects, thanks to the school's purchase of two $350 Ricoh Theta S cameras, which capture 360-degree video, and VR video editing apps. He most recently worked with two high school teachers – in history and Mandarin – and two fourth-grade teachers.
"When new technology comes out, you find a couple of those teachers who are pioneers and are willing to experiment and explore new tools," he says. "Other teachers around the school then see it and they get interested and it sort of organically grows."
For one teacher's three Mandarin classes, students shot videos of their favorite places on campus: the cafeteria, the senior benches, under a tree, the Mandarin classroom. Then they edited the videos on their school-issued iPads with a free VR editing app, ThingLink, and uploaded audio describing the location in Mandarin. The classes had access to each other's VR projects on the ThingLink website, and could also view the locations on their phones with a Google Cardboard viewer.
"Before (the teacher) might have just had her students do an iMovie project, or a Power Point presentation," says Fricano. "This is a much more unique perspective, especially when you view it on your mobile device. The kids really enjoyed it."
Dozens of fourth graders also made their own VR projects during field trips to Manoa Stream and the Lyon Arboretum. Half the class went to the stream, while the rest visited the garden. But because the pupils made VR videos, every student was able to visit both locations and learn about Manoa's unique ecosystems.
Fricano says creativity and collaboration are two big benefits to letting students use VR, and teachers are finding it useful across subjects. Iolani students are also looking to collaborate outside of campus.
"We live in such an amazing place," he says. "For example, we can take kids physically to (Kilauea), but other students who study volcanoes around the world aren't as close to a volcano and just learn about it through books, pictures and videos. So we've been exploring creating those virtual field trips so other students around the world can take advantage of that."
Iolani isn't Oahu's only private school utilizing virtual reality. Mid-Pacific Institute has an HTC Vive and offers classes built around VR for its middle schoolers. This past October, Maryknoll School received a grant to purchase VR computers for students to learn how to virtually build and repair airplanes.
Fricano also helps kickstart VR in classrooms across the state in his side gig as a consultant for the Janus Group, an educational tech organization comprising five public and private school teachers. In summer 2015, the Janus Group held eight, three-hour VR workshops for 82 teachers. Each teacher also received a class set of Google cardboards. Fricano says the organization has donated VR headsets to the Nanakuli-Waianae school complex and has launched a used smartphone donation drive for the area. In total, he says, the group has donated about 5,000 Google Cardboards to Hawaii schools.
"Virtual reality is super easy to use," says Fricano. "It didn't take a lot for students, and teachers, to learn how to use it, which is great … These kids are digital natives, they're growing up in a world where it's all they know. They can probably learn it faster than I can teach it to them."
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Q: Bind or "connect" QUdpSocket to remote host and port? I would like to "connect" QUdpSocket to a remote host-port, but fail to do so. Is it possible?
The scenario I would like to implement is the following:
1) The server binds to localhost/port:
// On server side, let server IP be "192.168.0.235"
serverUdpSocket->connectToHost(QHostAddress(QHostAddress::LocalHost), 44444);
... // check if connection is ok, etc
serverUdpSocket->write(someByteArray);

2) The client reads data from server, I tried:
// bind fails with SocketAddressNotAvailableError
udpSocket->bind(QHostAddress("192.168.0.235"), 44444);

and this way:
udpSocket->connectToHost(QHostAddress("192.168.0.235"), 44444, QIODevice::ReadOnly);
// State becomes "Connected", but I don't get any data and `readyRead()`
// is never emitted, though I connected to it.

but it doesn't work.
I know that UDP is a connectionless protocol. A also managed to do it vice versa - bind to local host and send data to this host from another. But I'm interested in this way of doing it, as remote host might be a server providing audio stream, that I want to read with my code.
In examples and tutorials I only see binding to local port and reading data from it. No examples with binding to remote host-port provided.

A: bind() binds a socket to a local address. connect() connects a socket to a remote address. Usually servers bind and clients connect.

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iOS's Settings app is the quiet MVP of Apple's mobile operating system: It's the place you go to when you need to get something done, and get it done your way. So whenever you update iOS on your iPhone or iPad, it pays to peruse the settings to find, enable, and configure any new features just to your liking. The biggies for iOS 10? Maps, with its plethora of new features, and Siri, since she now supports third-party app integration.
Here's a rundown of the major changes in Settings in iOS 10, as well as some key settings that didn't change, but you still might want to revisit. If you've got any questions, hit us up in the comments.
A couple of small changes have been made in the Cellular section. To start, SIM PIN has been moved back to the Phone settings section (more on that later).
You'll also notice that your "Enable LTE" and "Roaming" options have been moved: They're now tucked away behind another option in your Cellular settings called "Cellular Data Options," where you can select if you'd like to use LTE for Voice & Data, or for Data Only. Here, you'll also find the switch to toggle off or on your Data Roaming feature.
In iOS 9, Notifications' settings had two additional settings for how notifications would be displayed in Notification Center: You could sort the order of your notifications by showing the most recent items first, or customize them. You could also group notifications together by app.
You won't find either of these options in iOS 10—your notifications are automatically sorted in reverse chronological order, with the most recent on top. That's great for when you notice a banner just as it's going away, or when you hear your phone beep from across the room.
What you will find in the Notifications settings is the list of your apps that have requested notifications, in alphabetical order. That makes it easy to find the app whose notifications you want to tweak, but the controls themselves haven't changed since iOS 8. You can still decide if notifications can appear in Notification Center, on the Lock Screen, or both, and if you want to be notified in the form of vanishing banners, must-be-dismissed alerts, a badged home screen icon, or a sound. Even without much change in the Notifications settings, it's a good idea to "audit" your notifications from time to time, since they lose their impact if you have so many coming in that you start ignoring them altogether.
About: One tiny change: Your Trust Store number is now hidden under Certificate Trust Settings at the very bottom.
Spotlight Search: Spotlight Search—which lets you pull down on the screen to initiate a search for apps, media, and other stuff on your iPhone—has been a godsend since it debuted in iOS 9, and in iOS 10, you can customize it's search capabilities a bit more. Spotlight Search makes recommendations based on the search terms you enter—for example, searching for "cute puppies" shows me App Store results, relevant TV episodes, websites, web videos, and more, alongside personal Messages, email, and photos tagged with that phrase. If you don't want these handy suggestions, and just want to search through what actually lives on your phone, toggle off the "Suggestions in Search" feature.
Another new iOS 10 feature is Look Up, which replaces Define from previous versions of iOS. Activate Look Up by tapping on a word and selecting Look Up. (You'll find it next to your Copy and Paste options.) Look Up gives you more than just a basic definition—it tries to prevent more relevant info, like App Store suggestions, videos, websites, movie show times, points of interest nearby, and more. To ditch these suggestions, toggle off the "Suggestions in Look Up" feature.
In this section, you'll also find a list of everything that can come up in the search results, since Spotlight can search inside of apps as well as content like your email, contacts, and calendars. You can toggle off any of the apps or features that you'd like to omit from your search results.
Handoff: Nothing really has changed with Handoff, but this section used to include the settings for the Suggested Apps feature. Suggested apps are shown on the bottom-left corner of your lock screen and in the app switcher, based on your location or usage patterns. For example, when you are near a Target or a Starbucks, those apps' icons will appear on your lock screen, assuming you have the apps installed and have given them permission to access your location. This feature setting is now tied in with Spotlight Search.
CarPlay: If you're lucky enough to have CarPlay in your car, you can now customize your car's navigation layout by dragging and dropping apps into a mirrored version of your display on your iPhone. You can find this by going to CarPlay > Car Navigation. This screen has a list of all of your CarPlay compatible apps, so have at it.
You'll also see the toggle to Allow CarPlay While Locked, which simply allows CarPlay to have access to your iPhone while your phone is locked. Probably worthwhile to keep toggled on.
Restrictions: This is where you can restrict certain things—say, if you were giving this device to a kid and didn't want them to have Safari or be able to install new apps or make in-app purchases. Turn Restrictions on at the top, then select what you'd like to restrict. One new notable option here: You can restrict Game Center's new screen recording feature. And if you hate apps asking you if they can connect to Facebook, go to Restrictions > Facebook, and tap Don't Allow Changes.
Language & Region: iOS 10 has a dedicated setting for Temperature Unit, which lets you switch between Fahrenheit and Celsius. Yay?
Nothing crazy to report here, except for that it swallowed up a setting that used to be found elsewhere: Auto-Lock. Your iPhone will automatically lock its display if left idle for too long—you pick that time lapse by tapping Auto-Lock.
Siri's settings used to be tucked away in the General section, but in iOS 10, it's displayed right on your main Settings page. Hi, Siri!
Also new: App Support. Siri now works with third-party apps (if, of course, the app developer has used the Siri SDK to build its functionality within the app). Here, you'll find a list of Siri-ready apps; toggle on the ones you want to use Siri with, and keep the others turned off. You can now use Siri to make a restaurant reservation through OpenTable, pay back your friend who picked up the tab through Venmo, and then hail a ride home with Lyft.
One reason note-taking apps like Evernote have relegated Apple's built-in Notes app to the sideline is because they have features like collaboration that let multiple people contribute to a note. Apple clearly—please forgive me this pun—took note: iOS 10's version of Notes has a collaboration feature. In Settings, you can password-protect your notes, opt save all media shared within Notes to your Photos app, and sync your Notes with iCloud (or another supported account).
With iOS 9, the SIM PIN setting moved from the Phone settings to Cellular. Welp, that change didn't last long—in iOS 10, it's back in the Phone settings. This feature lets you put a separate PIN code on your SIM card, so if someone had your stolen or misplaced phone, they couldn't use your SIM card in another device. Your iPhone or iPad will prompt you to enter the SIM pin whenever you swap out the SIM (which you probably won't do much, if ever) or when you reboot the device.
Apple Maps got a huge overhaul in iOS 10, and with it comes some extra things to tweak in its settings. First, you'll select your preferred transportation type—Driving, Walking, or Transit—so that Maps knows what kind of directions to show you first by default.
In the Driving & Navigation menu, you'll find options for avoiding tolls and highways, to show a compass in the app's main navigation, and the settings for your navigation voice volume. You'll also find a toggle that can pause spoken audio during navigation prompts, so that you won't miss a single second of your podcast or audio book.
The Transit menu has a list of all of the transit vehicles that Apple Maps supports. Select which type of vehicle you'd like to see in your transit directions results (heck, if you live in the San Francisco Bay Area, you'll likely want to select all of them).
Apple Maps can also remember where you parked your car, if you'd like it to—just toggle on Show Parked Location, and you'll see your car's parked spot on the map. Your iPhone must be connected to your car's Bluetooth or CarPlay stereo in order for this feature to work, however.
The biggest change: Extensions. Apple Maps now supports third-party apps and services, like Lyft, Uber, OpenTable, and Yelp. When searching for directions to a restaurant, for example, you can make a reservation or read reviews straight from your Maps app, and then get a fare and time estimate for your Lyft ride over to the restaurant.
Apple Pay hit Safari and the Mac with iOS 10. If you'd like to use it more frequently, toggle on the Check for Apple Pay option, which lets websites check to see if you have Apple Pay set up so that they can offer you that payment option at checkout.


This sweater is made of 100% premium quality cashmere, which makes it incredibly soft. It comes in a range of beautiful colours and is tightly knitted to keep pilling to a minimum.
Few things are as versatile and luxurious as a cashmere sweater. It's one of the softest, most comfortable garments that works with just about anything in your closet. Wear it with everything from jeans to tailoring, or try layering it over dresses or shirts.
Womens Roundneck has a slightly tight fit.
If you prefer a looser silhouette go one size up.


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<CrawlItem xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <Text>Simpaticni dostavljaci, lazanje su odlicne, stiglo sve na vrijeme, cijene su pristupacne. same pohvale :D</Text>
  <Rating>6</Rating>
  <Source>http://pauza.hr/menu/bistro-pizzeria-kum</Source>
</CrawlItem>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
"""This module corresponds to functionality documented
at https://blockchain.info/api/api_receive
"""

from . import util
import json

class ReceiveResponse:

    def __init__(self, fee_percent, dest, input, callback):
        self.fee_percent = fee_percent
        self.destination_address = dest
        self.input_address = input
        self.callback_url = callback

def receive(dest_addr, callback, api_code = None):
    """Call the 'api/receive' endpoint and create a forwarding address.

    :param str dest_addr: destination address where the payment should be sent
    :param str callback: callback URI that will be called upon payment
    :param str api_code: Blockchain.info API code (optional)
    :return: an instance of :class:`ReceiveResponse` class
    """

    params = { 'method': 'create', 'address': dest_addr, 'callback': callback }
    if api_code is not None:
        params['api_code'] = api_code
    resp = util.call_api('api/receive', params)
    json_resp = json.loads(resp)
    payment_response = ReceiveResponse(json_resp['fee_percent'],
                                        json_resp['destination'],
                                        json_resp['input_address'],
                                        json_resp['callback_url'])
    return payment_response


text: Q: Wordpress url customization I want my url structure to looks like- mydomain.com/%articles%/%postname%-%post_ID.html anybody help me? In first image you can see how my permalink structure looks like, after domain name there is category name but i don't want the category name in my permalink, despite that i want to use word articles after domain name and after post name, as you can see in second image the site WSJ.com uses the word articles for the posts in permalink structure for each post.


Get upto 44% off on banking exam books.
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text:
Q: How to use Markdown format in QML 5.14 Recently Qt 5.14 was released. In this version they have added support for the Markdown format.

Added support for the Markdown format (including CommonMark and GitHub dialects) to Text and TextEdit as an alternative to HTML. This includes the GitHub checklist extension, allowing to toggle checkboxes in a TextEdit.

I expect that I can enter text in TextEdit or Text and my text will look like this. Same result you could see in Discord or StackOverflow.
But I have problem with this. I can't find any documentation or any references on how to use it. I have thought, that I can found information in TextEdit textFormat or Text textFormat, but there're only old html tags (they were replaced by Markdown format).
Here's some part of my code, if you need it. (Code can be bugged, because I haven't tested it after changed it.)
import QtQuick 2.14
import QtQuick.Controls 2.14

Item {
    width: 100
    height: 100

    Text {
        id: messageText
        height: 50
        width: 100
        text: msgLine.text
        wrapMode: Text.WrapAtWordBoundaryOrAnywhere
        textFormat: Text.StyledText
        font.pointSize: 13
        lineHeight: 1.15
        anchors.top: parent.top
    }

    TextEdit {
        id: msgLine
        height: 50
        width: 100
        anchors.top: messageText.bottom
        Text.RichText // I have changed this value to others
        verticalAlignment: Text.AlignVCenter
        TextEdit.WrapAtWordBoundaryOrAnywhere
     }
}

I want to ask if there is any documentation on how to use it or any example. Thanks in advance!

A: It seems to be a bug of the Qt documentation(QTBUG-80749), if you want to use markdown in Text or TextEdit then you must set TextEdit.MarkdownText in the textFormat property:
import QtQuick 2.14
import QtQuick.Window 2.14
import QtQuick.Layouts 1.14

Window {
    id: root
    visible: true
    width: 960
    height: 480
    QtObject{
        id: internals
        property string markdown_text: "*Italic*    **Bold**
# Heading 1
## Heading 2

[Link](http://a.com)

* List
* List
* List

- [x] @mentions, #refs, [links](), **formatting**, and <del>tags</del> supported
- [x] list syntax required (any unordered or ordered list supported)
- [x] this is a complete item
- [ ] this is an incomplete item

First Header | Second Header
------------ | -------------
Content from cell 1 | Content from cell 2
Content in the first column | Content in the second column
"
    }

    RowLayout{
        anchors.fill: parent
        TextEdit{
            id: te_output
            Layout.fillWidth: true
            textFormat: TextEdit.MarkdownText
            text: internals.markdown_text
        }
        Text{
            id: t_output
            Layout.fillWidth: true
            textFormat: TextEdit.MarkdownText
            text: internals.markdown_text
        }
    }
}


...which harmoniously combines a relaxed atmosphere of a private club, refined comfort and amazing nature of the Baltic Coast.
Nestled on the eastern shore of the Gulf of Riga, in the resort town of Saulkrasti - the Sunny Shore of Latvia and it is what this towns name means in Latvian - which is widely known for its unique velvet golden beaches, pine trees bordering the beach, healthy air and beautiful white-sand dunes.
We are pleased to welcome you at our resort, which will be your "a home away from the home" while you are spending your private time in atmosphere of relaxation, walking along the shore, swimming in the sea, riding horse in the dune area or going on a picturesque bike ride. Professional and friendly staff will make your stay in Saules Club unique and enjoyable. We always like to greet our guests in person, and show all the great amenities of the apartment where you will stay. After that you have the full privacy, but if you need any assistance you can call at any time, and we will be there to assist you.
Apartments at Saules Club are made in the pure style, with exceptional attention to the details - the atmosphere of serenity and harmony creates in every apartment a place for the comfortable relaxation. Design of our bright and spacious rooms is dominated by soft, neutral colour tones.
The apartments are equipped with everything what is necessary to meet the needs what may arise for you and your family during your stay at our apart - hotel: a large living room with dining table and sofa, completely equipped kitchen, a double bed or twin beds – it is depending on the number of bedrooms in apartment, bathroom with washing machine, air conditioning, flat screen TV with a satellite channels as well access to the wireless internet and a place for your car in the underground parking – what is included in the rental price of the apartment. Some apartments have access to a private balcony, patio or terrace -equipped with a wicker furniture.
The cost of accommodation depends on the category of chosen apartment - price range for the night is from 55 euros to 145 euros in low season and from 100 to 200 euros in high season.


Six people, two veal chops. That wasn't the plan, but then Stella came over, and then Juliet. So there were six of us and the two little oven-roasted veal chops. And yet somehow, we ended up with leftovers.
1. I made cornbread. Louis Osteen's recipe in Charleston Cuisine is the roughest, grainiest cornbread I have ever tasted. No flour or sweetener to soften the effect. It was the kind of austere cornbread you imagine some poor guy in overalls taking in his lunch pail to eat in the cotton field with a chunk of salt pork. It was the kind of cornbread you wrap in a bandana and carry for sustenance as you escape to the North.
2. I brought out the honey. You know, cornbread and honey. Stella was so enraptured that she did not want her pathetic scrap of meat, though I gave it to her anyway.
3. Juliet doesn't eat baby animals. Actually, she has two rules: no baby animals, and no liver.
4. The veal chops just weren't that great.
What was definitely great was the green bean and potato salad, an Alice Watersy dish, the leftovers of which I am looking forward to having for lunch.
Sadly, the Pawley's Island Pie -- chocolate chips, walnuts, eggs, butter and sugar all baked in a crust -- was kind of mediocre. How could this be? We had high hopes, but it turned out soupy and too sweet, though, like the cornbread, it went over big with kids, who ate giant bowls of it.
So, in the end, I only needed two veal chops. In fact, I could have made do with one.
As a native of the south, I'm enjoying reading about the Charleston cuisine.
The wonder of it all was how the Tipsy Baker, who has a full time job, made and serve four new dishes, two appetizers from the night before, fresh amazing warm bread made for the week, all the while having people come and go, at one point leaving three children to work on the pie while she ran off pick Juliet up, and when the meal was done, had the kitchen looking like nothing had happened there---all nice and clean. An impressive performance.
I made cornbread! all you did was put in the cornmeal and pour it in the skillet. I also made the pie filling and i thought it was good even though it was soupy.
This all sounds and looks delicious. I would really like to see some baby-animal livers featured in the next menu, please. Re.cornbread, here's Sarah Vowell describing (in The Partly Cloudy Patriot)her mother's views on the subject: "As an Okie, my mom only uses white cornmeal processed by the Shawnee Company in Muskogee. She does not even consider my cornbread to be cornbread at all because I use yellow cornmeal, and, heresy, sugar. 'You don't make cornbread,' she told me in the same deflated voice she uses to describe my hair. 'You make johnny cake.' "
I think the cornbread tent is a big one: I use yellow cornmeal just for looks, and I like a little sugar in there for flavor enhancement.


Dr Bruce Perry Pt 1. Bruce D. Perry, M.D., Ph.D., is the Senior Fellow of The ChildTrauma Academy (www.ChildTrauma.org) in Houston and an Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University in Chicago. He is a clinician and researcher in children's mental health and the neurosciences, and an internationally-recognized authority on children in crisis. From 1993-2001, he was the Thomas S. Trammell Research Professor of Psychiatry at Baylor College of Medicine and Chief of Psychiatry at Texas Children's Hospital. He is currently Senior Fellow at the ChildTrauma Academy, which is a leading center of research and education on child maltreatment. He also serves as Senior Consultant to the Alberta Ministry of Children's Services in Canada.


text:
Missouri Supreme Court
State Ex Rel. St. Louis v. Caulfield , 333 Mo. 270 ( 1933 )
The relator, the city of St. Louis, sued out of this court a writ of certiorari directed to the respondents, the State Board of Equalization and the State Tax Commission, for the purpose *Page 273 of reviewing the record of said board in the matter of the assessment of the property known as the Continental Life Building in said city and owned by the Grand National Bank and the Continental Life Insurance Company. The respondents waived the issuance of our writ and made return to relator's petition in lieu of the writ, and issue was joined upon said return and relator's motion for judgment on the pleadings.
[1] The return brings up the record as made by said board and the same is accompanied by various exhibits referred to therein. Among these exhibits are (1) the complaint of said property owners filed with respondent commission; (2) the order of said commission for a hearing on the complaint; (3) the report, finding and assessment made by the agent of the Tax Commission, and the order of said commission approving said findings and assessment of said agent; (4) certain papers filed with said Board of Equalization by said property owners as complainants; and (5) report of the commission to the Board of Equalization of the former's proceedings and orders, together with a transcript of the evidence heard by said commission.
Notwithstanding the return made of said evidence, the same is not a part of the record, and is therefore not for our consideration and will be disregarded since the writ of certiorari serves to bring up only the record proper of the Board of Equalization. [State ex rel. McCune v. Carter, 279 Mo. 304, 214 S.W. 180; State ex rel. Heimburger v. Wells, 210 Mo. 601, 109 S.W. 758; Ward v. Board of Equalization, 135 Mo. 309, 36 S.W. 648; State ex rel. Harrah v. Cauthorn, 40 Mo. App. l.c. 96.]
The facts leading up to the proceeding had before the Tax Commission, as well as the facts contained in the record of the Board of Equalization are stated in the briefs filed by amicicuriae, who as attorneys represented the property owners throughout the proceedings prior to the issuance of the writ herein. With slight change such statement is as follows:
"At all the times involved in this record the property whose assessment is in issue was jointly owned by the Continental Life Insurance Company, St. Louis, Missouri, and Grand National Bank, St. Louis, Missouri. The property involved is an office building located on Olive Street, near Grand Avenue, and is used for general office purposes. The building, exclusive of the land on which same is located, was assessed by the Assessor at $2,067,500, and the parcel of land was assessed by the Assessor at $132,500. The assessment so made by the Assessor on the parcel of land was deemed reasonable and just by the property owners, but the assessment placed on the building was deemed excessive and out of all proportion and equality with assessment placed on property of similar or same use, value and character in the City of St. Louis. *Page 274
"The property owners took their appeal to the City Board of Equalization, which sustained the assessment made by the Assessor. Thereupon the property owners duly filed their joint complaint and appeal with the State Tax Commission. A hearing on such complaint and appeal was thereupon conducted, and in August thereafter the State Tax Commission found the assessment placed on the property by the Assessor and the City Board of Equalization to be excessive and assessed both the real estate and the building located thereon at $1,807,175, which represented an assessment of $1,674,675, on the building, or a reduction of $392,825 in the assessment made by the Assessor and the City Board of Equalization.
"Thereafter the State Tax Commission submitted to the State Board of Equalization its report of this assessment and asked for the approval thereof by the State Board of Equalization. The State Board of Equalization thereafter conducted a hearing on the objections and exceptions of the property owners to the valuation certified by the Tax Commission, and after such hearing found that this building was of the same class, character, value, use and kind of other buildings in St. Louis which were assessed on the average basis of $6.28 per square foot; that this building should be assessed and valued on the same basis; `and that the assessed valuation of said building as of June 1, 1931, should be and is declared to be $691,145.40.'"
And upon such finding and in connection therewith the board entered its final orders, which we quote verbatim, as follows:
"Now, therefore, it is ordered that the report of the State Tax Commission, fixing the valuation and assessment of said property at $1,807,175, be and the same is expressly disapproved, and the Board does further order and direct that said assessment and valuation of $691,145.40 be duly certified, according to law, to the Assessor of the City of St. Louis, Missouri, as the assessment and valuation on said building as of June 1, 1931."
The record as outlined above presents the question of whether the purported assessment attempted to be made by the State Board of Equalization is a valid assessment, and the question of validity is dependent upon whether the board possessed jurisdiction in that behalf.
Much is contained in the brief of amici curiae and much presented in their argument relative to the constitutional and legislative requirements looking to uniformity and equality in the assessment and taxation of all property in the State. It cannot be gainsaid that such requirements were designed to attain that end. But experience has demonstrated that no more than approximation is attainable in the process of valuation and assessment provided for. However, the desideratum just referred to should ever be pursued, although the pursuit must of necessity be confined to the route laid *Page 275 out and defined by the law. So the practical question confronting us is whether or not the end reached by the Board of Equalization in the proceeding before it, as shown by its record, was reached in a mode authorized by law. It is plain to be seen that the board in the proceeding under review assumed the power and undertook to make an original valuation and assessment of the Continental Life Building and the parcel of land upon which the building stands. Unless the board possessed that power its said action is void for lack of jurisdiction, or because in excess thereof.
[2] This board is an agency created by the Constitution of the State. Section 18 of Article 10, which declares — "The duty of said board shall be to adjust and equalize the valuation of real and personal property among the several counties in the State, and it shall perform such other duties as are or may be prescribed by law." The duties enjoined on the board are set out in Article 5 of the chapter on taxation and revenue, at page 2705 of the Revised Statutes of 1929, which requires that the board meet at the capitol on the last Wednesday in February of each year and after taking oath according to law (Sec. 9862), proceed to equalize the valuation of each class of real and personal property among the counties of the State (the city of St. Louis being regarded as a county) by adding to or deducting from each class such per centum as will increase or decrease the same to its real value in money (Sec. 9863); and upon the completion of the board's labors the State Auditor shall transmit to each county clerk the per centum added to or deducted from the real and personal property and also value the real and personal property as equalized by said board and the same shall be laid before the assessor and the county board of equalization (Sec. 9865). In neither said constitutional provision nor in said Article 5 is any power conferred upon said board with respect to real or personal property other than the power to equalize the valuations of the same, in their statutory classifications, among the counties, nor any power of original assessment of such property.
In the case of First Trust Company of St. Joseph v. Wells,324 Mo. 306, 23 S.W.2d 108, in discussing the respective powers of the State and County Board of Equalization, this court, speaking through RAGLAND, J., at page 312, said:
"The functions of the county board of equalization and said State Board of Equalization are entirely separate and distinct. The county board's authority is limited to equalizing valuations of property within a class, and in doing so it can neither raise nor lower the aggregate valuation of a class as a whole. [State ex rel. v. Dirckx, 11 S.W.2d 38.] The state board's authority is limited to the equalization of the valuation of each class as a whole among the respective counties of the State. In doing so it equalizes the valuation of the several classes with respect to each other, because the `real value in *Page 276 money' is the standard applied to all. It has no power to raise or lower the valuations of specific properties within a class. [State ex rel. v. Vaile, 122 Mo. 33, 26 S.W. 672.]"
Regarding the county board's powers, it is provided by statute that such board has no power to reduce the valuation of real or personal property of the county because the valuation thereof is fixed by said state board. [R.S. 1929, sec. 9812.] Our court has held that the county board has no power to reassess (State ex rel. v. Bethards, 320 Mo. 1164, 9 S.W.2d 603), and no power to make an initial assessment except upon omitted property. [State ex rel. Davis v. Walden, 332 Mo. 680, 60 S.W.2d 24.]
It therefore seems clear that under the constitutional provisvision and the statutes mentioned the State Board of Equalization has no greater power of original assessment of real and personal property than is possessed by the county board. [3] There is also an apparent legislative purpose that the judgment of equalization made by the state board for the purpose of uniformity of valuation as among the counties and transmitted to the counties for the guidance of the county boards, which completes the regular process of valuations throughout the State and establishes uniformity, shall not be interfered with by any other agency. The process having by that judgment become exhausted, the state board's jurisdiction is also exhausted, except for the board's revision to meet the requirements of the action of the Tax Commission in making thereafter those original assessments and such reassessments as the law empowers it to make, all subject to the approval of said State Board of Equalization. And, necessarily, this reserved jurisdiction is no broader than said board's original jurisdiction as conferred by the Constitution, namely, the power of equalization among the counties — unless perchance the statutes next to be mentioned confer additional powers.
[4] It is, however, the contention of the property owners that the power of original assessment attempted by the state board in the present instance was conferred upon said board by what is known as the Tax Commission Law enacted in 1917 (Laws 1917, pp. 542-552), now Article 4 of the Taxation and Revenue Chapter and found in the Revised Statutes, Volume II on pages 2694 to 2705, inclusive, of which the provisions material here are the following:
Subdivision (8) of Section 9854 empowers the commission "to raise or lower the assessed valuation of any real or personal property, including the power to raise or lower the assessed valuation of the real or personal property of any individual. . ..
Section 9855 prescribes in detail the procedure to be followed in the commission's review and reassessment provided by the preceding section and expressly states that — "The action of the commission, *Page 277 or member or agent thereof, when done as provided in this section, shall be final, when approved by the State Board ofEqualization." (Italics ours.)
In the beginning of said Section 9854 there appears as a foreword to the commitment to the commission of the powers and duties set forth in the various subdivisions, and as a limitation thereon, a provision that such powers and authority conferred are "subject to the right of the State Board of Equalization, finally to adjust and equalize the values of real and personal property among the several counties of the State."
To uphold the original assessment made by the state board the property owners contend that such assessment was authorized by the clause in said Section 9855, viz., "when approved by theState Board of Equalization."
It is contended that in the enactment of the Tax Commission Law it was the intention of the Legislature to provide a convenient and adequate remedy, and that if the act be construed as limiting the power of the State Board of Equalization thereunder to approval or disapproval of the commission's reassessment, such construction would defeat the purpose of the legislative act by rendering the intended remedy of no avail, and would leave the property unassessed or leave the assessment suspended before the Tax Commission.
We do not accept the results thus laid down nor are we convinced by the argument made in their support. The assessment as equalized by the county board will constitute a legal assessment for the extension of taxes unless and until legally overthrown. [State ex rel. v. Vaile, supra.]
[5] It may be conceded, as argued, that in the enactment of this law the Legislature intended to provide a convenient remedy for a taxpayer whose individual property has been unlawfully assessed and that the legislative intent is of prime consideration in interpreting the statute, which is without ambiguity. But it is an equally well-settled rule of construction that in interpreting statutes the words, if not technical, will be construed in their ordinary sense and with the meaning commonly attributed to them, unless such construction will defeat the manifest intent of the Legislature. [State v. Gordon,266 Mo. 394, 181 S.W. 1016; 25 R.C.L. 990.] If when the statute has been so considered its meaning is plain and clear, the courts must place upon the statute the interpretation its phraseology dictates for to give the law any other interpretation, for whatsoever reasons indulged, would constitute judicial legislation. The application of these rules will be deferred for the consideration of other matters.
[6] In respect of the extent of the remedy provided for by the Tax Commission statutes, it is urged that in the first decision rendered in Brinkerhoff-Farris Trust Company v. Hill,323 Mo. 180, 19 S.W.2d 746, this court en banc ruled that it is necessary for a *Page 278 wrongfully assessed property owner to exhaust this statutory remedy of appeal to the Tax Commission before seeking relief in a court of equity. That is true. However, nothing was said there or in any other of our decisions from which it might be inferred that we regarded an original assessment made by the State Board of Equalization upon real estate of an individual owner was any part of the statutory remedy or was otherwise permissible. In that case at pages 192-193, speaking through RAGLAND, J., we said this:
"It is no doubt true that the State Tax Commission was not intended to supplant local assessing officers and boards, but very clearly it is given full and adequate power, not only to supervise, but to review their work, and where it finds assessments which were not made conformably to law to revise them — and this by inserting where necessary after a hearing, its own valuations in lien of those made by the local authorities. It is also true that its revision of the assessments as made by the county assessor and boards, insofar as it affects theequalization of the values of property among the respectivecounties of the State, whether such revision be made before or after the state board has acted, is subject to the approval ofthat board. And in this connection it should be said that, eventhough the action of the State Board of Equalization in the firstinstance completes the assessment judgment that fact does notpreclude a revision of such judgment by the Tax Commission,subject to the board's final approval."
And we said at page 193:
"The assessment of property for taxation, though carried on simultaneously by county officers and boards, is for the purpose in part of affording basis for the levy of a state tax: to that extent it is a state assessment. As such it is subject to the jurisdiction of the State Board of Equalization, a state agency created by the Constitution itself. The very fact that the Constitution sets up such a tribunal as the State Board of Equalization demonstrates that it was not the intent of the framers of that instrument that the assessment of property for taxation should be beyond the pale of state supervision andcontrol." (Italics the present writer's.)
Our attention is called to the following expression madearguendo in that case on page 194: "The remedy provided by the statute is adequate, certain and complete." This seems to have impressed the amici curiae as an intimation that the statutes empower the State Board of Equalization to conduct proceedings such as the one now under consideration. We meant no such thing, and we think the expression quoted cannot rightly be so construed. The endeavor there was to make clear the comprehensiveness of the powers, original and revisory, of the Tax Commission relative to the matter of assessments, but throughout the discussion painstaking effort was made to show that all acts of the commission were subject to the supervision *Page 279 and approval of the board as a constitutional state agency, and to avoid attributing to the latter any powers other than the original powers conferred upon it by the Constitution and the supervisory powers conferred by the Tax Commission statutes.
Following the first Brinkerhoff case, supra, it was held by our court in Division One in First Trust Company v. Wells,324 Mo. 306, 23 S.W.2d 108, the opinion being delivered by RAGLAND, J., who wrote the Brinkerhoff case: "The state board's authority is limited to the equalization of the valuation of each class as a whole among the respective counties of the State. . . . It has no power to raise or lower the valuation of specific properties within a class. [State ex rel. v. Vaile, 122 Mo. 33, 26 S.W. 672.]"
It thus appears that although the Brinkerhoff case delimits the powers of the State Board of Equalization, confining its constitutional powers to the equalization of values among the counties and its statutory powers — considered generally — the instant proceeding is the first case in this court directly calling for the construction of the Tax Commission statutes in respect of the specific authority which they confer upon said board.
The constitutional provision which created said board, and defined its power and duty, also granted the Legislature authority to place additional duties upon the board. But, it is submitted, that if the Legislature had intended to provide for a rehearing and reassessment by the board, is it not strange that it did not do so forthrightly and plainly? The mere supervisory power of approval which the statute grants, and upon which the finality of the commission's reassessment is conditioned, if intended to authorize a review by a rehearing and reassessment by the board — and this without provision for notice or any direction as to procedure — is in striking contrast with the elaborate plan for the proceeding by way of review by the commission for which the Legislature was at the same time undertaking to provide. In view of the foregoing considerations, and in the light of the foreword contained in Section 9854, and of the context of Section 9855 where the clause appears, and of the language of the clause itself — we think, with particular reference to the meaning of the controverted clause, that the effect of the latter section is to confer upon said board nothing more than the supervisory and controlling power (as related to proceedings such as are now at bar) to approve or disapprove the reassessment as made and certified by the commission, and, in case of approval, so to exercise its constitutional power of re-equalization as to the board should seem meet and necessary. The construction we place upon the statute will find support in the illustrations and the judicial decisions following, all of which pertain to the word "approve."
Under a constitutional provision the Governor and the General Assembly participate in the enactment of laws. A bill passed by *Page 280 the House and Senate becomes a law when, and only when, approved and signed by the Governor — unless it be passed over his veto. Also the State Treasurer is by another constitutional provision empowered to select the depositories of state monies, subject to the approval of the Governor. It is clear that each of the matters instanced involves a participation on the part of two authorities or agents, but neither can exercise the whole power of the other.
In reviewing a proceeding heard by the Public Service Commission and transferred thence to the circuit court, the latter must either affirm or set aside the order reviewed. Such limitations upon the scope of review of the actions of inferior agencies or tribunals are not unusual.
Among the decisions involving matters cognate to those instanced above and bearing on the question now under consideration, the power of approval, reference will be made to two, these being typical of a number of others.
In the case of State v. Rhein, Treas., 149 Iowa 76, a statute was under construction which authorized the county treasurer to select depositories "to be approved by supervisors," and the court held that the supervisors had no power of selection, saying, l.c. 80: "Had it been the purpose of the Legislature to empower the board to designate the depository, the easy and obvious thing was to say so in plain unambiguous terms. . . . To `approve' or give `approval' is in its essential and most obvious meaning to confirm, ratify, sanction or consent to some act or thing done by others."
In Thaw v. Ritchie (D.C.), 5 Mackey, 200, 225, it was said that as used in the Act of 1798, providing that the chancellor should "approve" a decree of the orphans' court for the sale of the lands of a ward, "approve" implies a revisory proceeding, as the term is only appropriate to such an act, and the statute clearly contemplates a previous decree by the orphans' court to receive the approbation of the chancellor.
[7] Whether the statutory remedy available to a property owner whose property has been unlawfully assessed is adequate is a question of law as applied to a given state of facts. What we said in the Brinkerhoff case, and what we reiterate here, is that in the usual course the property owner, in case of claimed unlawful assessment is required to exhaust his legal remedy first before applying to a court of equity for relief and that ordinarily the summary remedy provided by statute should prove adequate in the legal sense of that term. It is conceivable, however, that, as in this case, where the property owners have exhausted their legal remedy in procuring the orders of the Tax Commission, they may meet with disappointment at the end by obtaining what they may regard as inadequate relief. In this connection we are cited to the cases of Boonville v. Schlotzhauer, 317 Mo. 1298, 298 S.W. 732, and Bridge Company v. Blaser, *Page 281 318 Mo. 373, 300 S.W. 778, which deal with remedy in equity. It may be well to note that in the Brinkerhoff case, supra, at page 188, we expressly approved the doctrines of the Schlotzhauer case therein specified and noted that we had followed them, or referred to them approvingly, in the Bridge Company case, in Columbia Terminal Company v. Koeln, 319 Mo. 445, and in State ex rel. v. Dirckx, 321 Mo. 345, 11 S.W.2d 38; and may also be well to state that this opinion is also in harmony with the doctrines of the Schlotzhauer case.
[8] The record before us is susceptible of two divergent constructions. In the purported assessment judgment it is stated that "the commission's report fixing the valuation and assessment of said property at $1,807,175 be and the same is expressly disapproved," and the board makes its own valuation and assessment of $691,145.40, and orders the latter to be duly certified according to law to the Assessor of the City of St. Louis as the valuation on said building as of June 1, 1931. If this action of the board was essentially a disapproval of the report made by the Tax Commission in its entirety, and an entire reassessment was made by the board, the whole of the assessment judgment is void, and the taxes for 1932 should be extended on the tax book of the city pursuant to the valuation as equalized by the city board. On the other hand, if the judgment was essentially an approval of the reduction made by the commission, and a further reduction made by the board, then the board exceeded its jurisdiction only to the extent of its own reduction and the reassessment of the commission is in legal effect made final by the board. We choose the latter construction as the more liberal and practical one. It accords to the summary statutory remedy a greater efficacy than the other construction would and harmonizes with common sense as well.
The record of the Board of Equalization should therefore be and is hereby quashed as to its recital of the board's revaluation and assessment and as to the first syllable of the word "disapproved," to the end that the taxes upon the assessment thus corrected, and validated as corrected, shall be extended in the manner provided by law. All concur. *Page 282
Citation Numbers: 333 Mo. 270, 62 S.W.2d 818
Judges: HAYS, J.
Modified Date: 4/15/2017
Authorities (8)
Bridge Transit Co. v. Blaser , 318 Mo. 373 ( 1927 )
State Ex Rel. Thompson v. Bethards , 320 Mo. 1164 ( 1928 )
State Ex Rel. Thompson v. Dirckx , 321 Mo. 345 ( 1928 )
Brinkerhoff-Faris Trust Sav. Co. v. Hill , 323 Mo. 180 ( 1929 )
Trust Company v. Wells , 324 Mo. 306 ( 1929 )
Boonville Natl. Bank v. Schlotzhauer , 317 Mo. 1298 ( 1927 )
Columbia Terminals Co. v. Koeln , 319 Mo. 445 ( 1928 )
State Ex Rel. Davis v. Walden , 332 Mo. 680 ( 1933 )
Gaddy v. State Bd. of Registration for Healing Arts , 397 S.W.2d 347 ( 1965 )
Sperry Corp. v. Wiles , 695 S.W.2d 471 ( 1985 )
May Department Stores Co. v. State Tax Commission , 308 S.W.2d 748 ( 1958 )
State Ex Rel. Kennedy v. Remmers , 340 Mo. 126 ( 1936 )
State Ex Rel. Young v. Woolworth Co. , 348 Mo. 1180 ( 1941 )
Wymore v. Markway , 338 Mo. 46 ( 1935 )
Kennen v. McFarling , 350 Mo. 180 ( 1942 )
Sherrill v. Brantley , 334 Mo. 497 ( 1933 )
State Ex Rel. St. L. Union Trust Co. v. Neaf , 346 Mo. 86 ( 1940 )
Washington University v. Baumann , 341 Mo. 708 ( 1937 )


Schools that have high numbers of students that qualify for free or reduced lunch (Title I schools) typically have a requirement to increase parent engagement.
Schools that are not Title I also always look for ways to have more parent engagement.
What if, instead of trying to get parents to engage, we as educators saw ourselves in a totally different light?
What if we recognized that the truth is that we simply support the education of a family's children?
What if we started each year by saying, "Hi, my job is to support you in educating your child. What do you want your child to learn this year?"
I say what if, because we don't approach it that way. Even though we know that every child who walks through our doors has an education already. It's what their parents do that educate them.
Maybe parents will be more involved, without us having to make plans for tricking them into being involved.
Maybe we won't need to rely on standardized tests as much because parents will be telling us exactly what is important to them.
Maybe we will have fewer discipline problems because families are working with us.
Maybe we will focus more on soft skills because we will realize that's what parents really want their kids to learn.
Maybe we will care more because we will know the families better.
Maybe budget cuts for education won't happen every year.
Whether we want to admit it or not, parents already are the primary educators for their children, and we, as educators, play a supportive role.
We would be wise to intentionally start making choices that give parents more care and attention as it relates to the education of the most important thing in their life.


You can find Jennifer Spingola's music on iTunes (under her stage name Spags Music), and you might find her playing a packed L.A. nightclub or on the road with international touring acts. All of which is a long way from where she ever thought her violin might take her.
Fate intervened when her violin was stolen at a gig, and Spingola – aka "Spags" – moved home to Pittsburgh. It was a respite, not surrender: Within a few months she was back in California "with a game plan." She wanted to do something different, something original. She booked a wedding, where she performed ceremony music on electric violin. The bride and groom loved it, and a new career was born.


text:
Registr silničních vozidel (dříve Centrální registr vozidel) je oficiální databáze všech vozidel registrovaných v ČR včetně vozidel zaniklých nebo vyvezených do zahraničí. Evidence vozidel je upravena v zákoně o podmínkách provozu vozidel na pozemních komunikacích.
Registr je informačním systémem veřejné správy, jeho správcem je ministerstvo dopravy.

Ministerstvo dopravy na svých stránkách popsalo související životní situace:
 Zápis dovezeného nebo zatím neregistrovaného vozidla
 Změnu vlastníka vozidla
 Změny údajů o vozidle, technického průkazu nebo SPZ
 Vývoz vozidla z ČR do jiného státu
 Vyřazení silničního vozidla z provozu
 Zánik vozidla
 Likvidace autovraků

Agendu evidence vozidel původně vykonávala Policie České republiky prostřednictvím Okresních dopravních inspektorátů. Od července 2012 je plně v kompetenci Ministerstva dopravy, které ji vykonává prostřednictvím obcí s rozšířenou působností a v roce 2013 bylo v evidenci téměř 7,5 milionu provozovaných automobilů

V registru se evidují vozidla a jejich vlastníci nebo provozovatelé. Ti mohou vozidlo zaregistrovat na kterémkoli úřadě obce s rozšířenou působností. Před samotnou registrací musí mít vozidlo již sjednané  pojištění odpovědnosti (povinné ručení) a evidenční technickou prohlídku.

Odkazy

Reference

Související články
 Automobil
 Registr řidičů
 Silniční doprava
 Silniční dopravní nehoda

Automobily
Číselníky
Informační systémy veřejné správy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
We often share our finished projects but rarely the craft we employ to get there. Colour is a powerful tool, it ca… https://t.co/nwlOi1aZg5
The Berkeley
The Berkeley is a luxurious five-star hotel in the heart of London's Knightsbridge, and home to the iconic Blue Bar, the Caramel Room, the Marcus Wareing restaurant, the unique Berkeley rooftop spa and the legendary Koffmann's restaurant. Construct were commissioned to review the hotel's brand positioning, founded on 'Exquisite Innovation', and create a new identity and communications palette to run across all the applications in the hotel.
Construct's branding review for the Berkeley includes a new logotype, a simply exquisite re-cut of a classic English typeface. The understatement of the logotype is balanced with an innovative and flexible branding palette, allowing the hotel to engage in a sensitive dialogue with its guests, turning up the wit and energy where appropriate, and keeping things simple where required. The colour palette is a refined cool blue, soft grey, deepest inky blue/black and fresh white, inspired by the hotel's iconic Blue Bar. The branding palette includes a bespoke geometric pattern, a clean, technical line-drawn illustration and bold use of typography and tone of voice. It is a contemporary approach that is the antithesis of cookie-cutter corporate branding.
Particular attention has been paid to detail, with the selection of exquisite high-quality papers, thermographic inks used for the logotype, and print, embossing and apertures used to express the pattern, with a matt metallic foil used to pick out the bold, contemporary typography. The identity has been developed across the full range of hotel collateral, from corporate stationery to menus, towels and guest and marketing communications. In addition, Construct have created some more surprising elements including the Berkeley's very own chocolate bar, an exquisitely packaged candle in the Berkeley's bespoke scent, and even some surprises for the hotel's junior guests!
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Telephone 0207 253 8740, International +44 207 253 8740,