text:
U.S. Code, Title 31, Money and Finance
Contents: Title 31— Money and Finance Chapter 1.—Definitions Chapter 1— Definitions § 101. Agency § 102. Executive Agency § 103. United States Chapter 3.—Department of the Treasury Chapter 3— Department of the Treasury Subchapter 1—Organization § 301. Department of the Treasury § 302. Treasury of the United States § 303. Bureau of Engraving and Printing § 304. United States Mint § 305. Federal Financing Bank § 306. Fiscal Service § 307. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency § 308. United States Customs Service § 309. Office of Thrift Supervision § 310. Continuing in Office Subchapter 2—Administrative § 321. General Authority of the Secretary § 322. Working Capital Fund § 323. Investment of Operating Cash § 324. Disposing and Extending the Maturity of Obligations § 325. International Affairs Authorization § 326. Availability of Appropriations for Certain Expenses § 327. Advancements and Reimbursements for Services § 328. Accounts and Payments of Former Disbursing Officials § 329. Limitations on Outside Activities § 330. Practice Before the Department § 331. Reports § 332. Miscellaneous Administrative Authority § 333. Prohibition of Misuse of Department of the Treasury Names, Symbols, Etc. Chapter 5.—Office of Management and Budget Chapter 5— Office of Management and Budget Subchapter 1—Organization § 501. Office of Management and Budget § 502. Officers § 503. Functions of Deputy Director for Management § 504. Office of Federal Financial Management § 505. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs § 506. Office of Federal Procurement Policy Subchapter 2—Administrative § 521. Employees § 522. Necessary Expenditures Chapter 7.—General Accounting Office Chapter 7— General Accounting Office Subchapter 1—Definitions and General Organization § 701. Definitions § 702. General Accounting Office § 703. Comptroller General and Deputy Comptroller General § 704. Relationship to Other Laws Subchapter 2—General Duties and Powers § 711. General Authority § 712. Investigating the Use of Public Money § 713. Audit of Internal Revenue Service and Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms § 714. Audit of Financial Institutions Examination Council, Federal Reserve Board, Federal Reserve Banks, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and Office of Comptroller of the Currency § 715. Audit of Accounts and Operations of the District of Columbia Government § 716. Availability of Information and Inspection of Records § 717. Evaluating Programs and Activities of the United States Government § 718. Availability of Draft Reports § 719. Comptroller General Reports § 720. Agency Reports Subchapter 3—Personnel Subchapter III— Personnel § 731. General § 732. Personnel Management System § 732a. Critical Positions § 733. Senior Executive Service § 734. Assignments and Details to Congress § 735. Relationship to Other Laws § 736. Authorization of Appropriations Subchapter 4—Personnel Appeals Board Subchapter IV— Personnel Appeals Board § 751. Organization § 752. Chairman and General Counsel § 753. Duties and Powers § 754. Action by the Comptroller General § 755. Judicial Review Subchapter 5—Annuities § 771. Definitions § 772. Annuity of the Comptroller General § 773. Election of Survivor Benefits § 774. Survivor Annuities § 775. Refunds § 776. Payment of Survivor Benefits § 777. Annuity Increases § 778. Dependency and Disability Decisions § 779. Use of Appropriations Subchapter 6—Property Management § 781. Authority Over the General Accounting Office Building § 782. Leasing of Space in the General Accounting Office Building § 783. Rules and Regulations Chapter 9.—Agency Chief Financial Officers Chapter 9— Agency Chief Financial Officers § 901. Establishment of Agency Chief Financial Officers § 902. Authority and Functions of Agency Chief Financial Officers § 903. Establishment of Agency Deputy Chief Financial Officers Chapter 11.—The Budget and Fiscal, Budget, and Program Information Chapter 11— The Budget and Fiscal, Budget, and Program Information § 1101. Definitions § 1102. Fiscal Year § 1103. Budget Ceiling § 1104. Budget and Appropriations Authority of the President § 1105. Budget Contents and Submission to Congress § 1106. Supplemental Budget Estimates and Changes § 1107. Deficiency and Supplemental Appropriations § 1108. Preparation and Submission of Appropriations Requests to the President § 1109. Current Programs and Activities Estimates § 1110. Year-Ahead Requests for Authorizing Legislation § 1111. Improving Economy and Efficiency § 1112. Fiscal, Budget, and Program Information § 1113. Congressional Information [§ 1114. Repealed. Pub. L. 103– 355, Title II, § 2454(C)(2), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3326] § 1115. Performance Plans § 1116. Program Performance Reports § 1117. Exemption § 1118. Pilot Projects for Performance Goals § 1119. Pilot Projects for Performance Budgeting Chapter 13.—Appropriations Chapter 13— Appropriations Subchapter 1—General § 1301. Application § 1302. Determining Amounts Appropriated § 1303. Effect of Changes in Titles of Appropriations § 1304. Judgments, Awards, and Compromise Settlements § 1305. Miscellaneous Permanent Appropriations § 1306. Use of Foreign Credits § 1307. Public Building Construction § 1308. Telephone and Metered Services § 1309. Social Security Tax § 1310. Appropriations for Private Organizations Subchapter 2—Trust Funds and Refunds § 1321. Trust Funds § 1322. Payments of Unclaimed Trust Fund Amounts and Refund of Amounts Erroneously Deposited § 1323. Trust Funds for Certain Fees, Donations, Quasi-Public Amounts, and Unearned Amounts § 1324. Refund of Internal Revenue Collections Subchapter 3—Limitations, Exceptions, and Penalties § 1341. Limitations on Expending and Obligating Amounts § 1342. Limitation on Voluntary Services § 1343. Buying and Leasing Passenger Motor Vehicles and Aircraft § 1344. Passenger Carrier Use § 1345. Expenses of Meetings § 1346. Commissions, Councils, Boards, and Interagency and Similar Groups § 1347. Appropriations or Authorizations Required for Agencies in Existence for More Than One Year § 1348. Telephone Installation and Charges § 1349. Adverse Personnel Actions § 1350. Criminal Penalty § 1351. Reports on Violations § 1352. Limitation on Use of Appropriated Funds to Influence Certain Federal Contracting and Financial Transactions § 1353. Acceptance of Travel and Related Expenses from Non-Federal Sources § 1354. Limitation on Use of Appropriated Funds for Contracts With Entities Not Meeting Veterans' Employment Reporting Requirements Chapter 15.—Appropriation Accounting Chapter 15— Appropriation Accounting Subchapter 1—General § 1501. Documentary Evidence Requirement for Government Obligations § 1502. Balances Available § 1503. Comptroller General Reports of Amounts for Which No Accounting Is Made Subchapter 2—Apportionment Subchapter II— Apportionment § 1511. Definition and Application § 1512. Apportionment and Reserves § 1513. Officials Controlling Apportionments § 1514. Administrative Division of Apportionments § 1515. Authorized Apportionments Necessitating Deficiency or Supplemental Appropriations § 1516. Exemptions § 1517. Prohibited Obligations and Expenditures § 1518. Adverse Personnel Actions § 1519. Criminal Penalty Subchapter 3—Transfers and Reimbursements § 1531. Transfers of Functions and Activities § 1532. Withdrawal and Credit § 1533. Transfers of Appropriations for Salaries and Expenses to Carry Out National Defense Responsibilities § 1534. Adjustments Between Appropriations § 1535. Agency Agreements § 1536. Crediting Payments from Purchases Between Executive Agencies § 1537. Services Between the United States Government and the District of Columbia Government Subchapter 4—Closing Accounts § 1551. Definitions; Applicability of Subchapter § 1552. Procedure for Appropriation Accounts Available for Definite Periods § 1553. Availability of Appropriation Accounts to Pay Obligations § 1554. Audit, Control, and Reporting § 1555. Closing of Appropriation Accounts Available for Indefinite Periods § 1556. Comptroller General: Reports on Appropriation Accounts § 1557. Authority for Exemptions in Appropriation Laws § 1558. Availability of Funds Following Resolution of a Formal Protest or Other Challenge Chapter 31.—Public Debt Chapter 31— Public Debt Subchapter 1—Borrowing Authority Subchapter I— Borrowing Authority § 3101. Public Debt Limit § 3102. Bonds § 3103. Notes § 3104. Certificates of Indebtedness and Treasury Bills § 3105. Savings Bonds and Savings Certificates § 3106. Retirement and Savings Bonds § 3107. Increasing Interest Rates and Investment Yields on Retirement Bonds § 3108. Prohibition Against Circulation Privilege § 3109. Tax and Loss Bonds § 3110. Sale of Obligations of Governments of Foreign Countries § 3111. New Issue Used to Buy, Redeem, or Refund Outstanding Obligations § 3112. Sinking Fund for Retiring and Cancelling Bonds and Notes § 3113. Accepting Gifts Subchapter 2—Administrative § 3121. Procedure § 3122. Banks and Trust Companies as Depositaries § 3123. Payment of Obligations and Interest on the Public Debt § 3124. Exemption from Taxation § 3125. Relief for Lost, Stolen, Destroyed, Mutilated, or Defaced Obligations § 3126. Losses and Relief from Liability Related to Redeeming Savings Bonds and Notes § 3127. Credit to Officers, Employees, and Agents for Stolen Treasury Notes § 3128. Proof of Death to Support Payment § 3129. Appropriation to Pay Expenses § 3130. Annual Public Debt Report Chapter 33.—Depositing, Keeping, and Paying Money Chapter 33— Depositing, Keeping, and Paying Money Subchapter 1—Deposits and Depositaries § 3301. General Duties of the Secretary of the Treasury § 3302. Custodians of Money § 3303. Designation of Depositaries § 3304. Transfers of Public Money from Depositaries § 3305. Audits of Depositaries Subchapter 2—Payments § 3321. Disbursing Authority in the Executive Branch § 3322. Disbursing Officials § 3323. Warrants § 3324. Advances § 3325. Vouchers § 3326. Waiver of Requirements for Warrants and Advances § 3327. General Authority to Issue Checks and Other Drafts § 3328. Paying Checks and Drafts § 3329. Withholding Checks to Be Sent to Foreign Countries § 3330. Payment of Department of Veterans Affairs Checks for the Benefit of Individuals in Foreign Countries § 3331. Substitute Checks § 3332. Required Direct Deposit § 3333. Relief for Payments Made Without Negligence § 3334. Cancellation and Proceeds Distribution of Treasury Checks § 3335. Timely Disbursement of Federal Funds § 3336. Electronic Benefit Transfer Pilot Subchapter 3—Miscellaneous § 3341. Sale of Government Warrants, Checks, Drafts, and Obligations § 3342. Check Cashing and Exchange Transactions § 3343. Check Forgery Insurance Fund Chapter 35.—Accounting and Collection Chapter 35— Accounting and Collection Subchapter 1—General § 3501. Definition Subchapter 2—Accounting Requirements, Systems, and Information § 3511. Prescribing Accounting Requirements and Developing Accounting Systems § 3512. Executive Agency Accounting and Other Financial Management Reports and Plans § 3513. Financial Reporting and Accounting System § 3514. Discontinuing Certain Accounts Maintained by the Comptroller General § 3515. Financial Statements of Agencies § 3516. Reports Consolidation Subchapter 3—Auditing and Settling Accounts § 3521. Audits by Agencies § 3522. Making and Submitting Accounts § 3523. General Audit Authority of the Comptroller General § 3524. Auditing Expenditures Approved Without Vouchers § 3525. Auditing Nonappropriated Fund Activities § 3526. Settlement of Accounts § 3527. General Authority to Relieve Accountable Officials and Agents from Liability § 3528. Responsibilities and Relief from Liability of Certifying Officials § 3529. Requests for Decisions of the Comptroller General § 3530. Adjusting Accounts [§ 3531. Repealed. Pub. L. 104– 316, Title I, § 115(F)(1), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3834] § 3532. Notification of Account Deficiencies Subchapter 4—Collection § 3541. Distress Warrants § 3542. Carrying Out Distress Warrants § 3543. Postponing a Distress Warrant Proceeding § 3544. Rights and Remedies of the United States Government Reserved § 3545. Civil Action to Recover Money Subchapter 5—Procurement Protest System Subchapter V— Procurement Protest System § 3551. Definitions § 3552. Protests by Interested Parties Concerning Procurement Actions § 3553. Review of Protests; Effect on Contracts Pending Decision § 3554. Decisions on Protests § 3555. Regulations; Authority of Comptroller General to Verify Assertions § 3556. Nonexclusivity of Remedies; Matters Included in Agency Record Chapter 37.—Claims Chapter 37— Claims Subchapter 1—General § 3701. Definitions and Application § 3702. Authority to Settle Claims Subchapter 2—Claims of the United States Government Subchapter II— Claims of the United States Government § 3711. Collection and Compromise § 3712. Time Limitations for Presenting Certain Claims of the Government § 3713. Priority of Government Claims § 3714. Keeping Money Due States in Default § 3715. Buying Real Property of a Debtor § 3716. Administrative Offset § 3717. Interest and Penalty on Claims § 3718. Contracts for Collection Services § 3719. Reports on Debt Collection Activities § 3720. Collection of Payments § 3720a. Reduction of Tax Refund by Amount of Debt § 3720b. Barring Delinquent Federal Debtors from Obtaining Federal Loans or Loan Insurance Guarantees § 3720c. Debt Collection Improvement Account § 3720d. Garnishment § 3720e. Dissemination of Information Regarding Identity of Delinquent Debtors Subchapter 3—Claims Against the United States Government § 3721. Claims of Personnel of Agencies and the District of Columbia Government for Personal Property Damage or Loss § 3722. Claims of Officers and Employees at Government Penal and Correctional Institutions § 3723. Small Claims for Privately Owned Property Damage or Loss § 3724. Claims for Damages Caused by Investigative or Law Enforcement Officers of the Department of Justice § 3725. Claims of Non-Nationals for Personal Injury or Death in a Foreign Country § 3726. Payment for Transportation § 3727. Assignments of Claims § 3728. Setoff Against Judgment § 3729. False Claims § 3730. Civil Actions for False Claims § 3731. False Claims Procedure § 3732. False Claims Jurisdiction § 3733. Civil Investigative Demands Chapter 38.—Administrative Remedies for False Claims and Statements Chapter 38— Administrative Remedies for False Claims and Statements § 3801. Definitions § 3802. False Claims and Statements; Liability § 3803. Hearing and Determinations § 3804. Subpoena Authority § 3805. Judicial Review § 3806. Collection of Civil Penalties and Assessments § 3807. Right to Administrative Offset § 3808. Limitations § 3809. Regulations [§ 3810. Repealed. Pub. L. 104– 66, Title III, § 3001(C)(1), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 734] § 3811. Effect on Other Law § 3812. Prohibition Against Delegation Chapter 39.—Prompt Payment Chapter 39— Prompt Payment § 3901. Definitions and Application § 3902. Interest Penalties § 3903. Regulations § 3904. Limitations on Discount Payments § 3905. Payment Provisions Relating to Construction Contracts [§ 3906. Repealed. Pub. L. 105– 362, Title XIII, § 1301(C)(1), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3293] § 3907. Relationship to Other Laws Chapter 51.—Coins and Currency Chapter 51— Coins and Currency Subchapter 1—Monetary System § 5101. Decimal System § 5102. Standard Weight § 5103. Legal Tender Subchapter 2—General Authority § 5111. Minting and Issuing Coins, Medals, and Numismatic Items § 5112. Denominations, Specifications, and Design of Coins § 5113. Tolerances and Testing of Coins § 5114. Engraving and Printing Currency and Security Documents § 5115. United States Currency Notes § 5116. Buying and Selling Gold and Silver § 5117. Transferring Gold and Gold Certificates § 5118. Gold Clauses and Consent to Sue § 5119. Redemption and Cancellation of Currency § 5120. Obsolete, Mutilated, and Worn Coins and Currency § 5121. Refining, Assaying, and Valuation of Bullion § 5122. Payment to Depositors Subchapter 3—United States Mint Subchapter III— United States Mint § 5131. Organization § 5132. Administrative § 5133. Settlement of Accounts § 5134. Numismatic Public Enterprise Fund § 5135. Citizens Commemorative Coin Advisory Committee § 5136. United States Mint Public Enterprise Fund Subchapter 4—Bureau of Engraving and Printing § 5141. Operation of the Bureau § 5142. Bureau of Engraving and Printing Fund § 5143. Payment for Services § 5144. Providing Impressions of Portraits and Vignettes Subchapter 5—Miscellaneous § 5151. Conversion of Currency of Foreign Countries § 5152. Value of United States Money Holdings in International Institutions § 5153. Counterfeit Currency § 5154. State Taxation § 5155. Providing Engraved Plates of Portraits of Deceased Members of Congress Chapter 53.—Monetary Transactions Chapter 53— Monetary Transactions Subchapter 1—Credit and Monetary Expansion § 5301. Buying Obligations of the United States Government § 5302. Stabilizing Exchange Rates and Arrangements § 5303. Reserved Coins and Currencies of Foreign Countries § 5304. Regulations Subchapter 2—Records and Reports on Monetary Instruments Transactions Subchapter II— Records and Reports on Monetary Instruments Transactions § 5311. Declaration of Purpose § 5312. Definitions and Application § 5313. Reports on Domestic Coins and Currency Transactions § 5314. Records and Reports on Foreign Financial Agency Transactions § 5315. Reports on Foreign Currency Transactions § 5316. Reports on Exporting and Importing Monetary Instruments § 5317. Search and Forfeiture of Monetary Instruments § 5318. Compliance, Exemptions, and Summons Authority § 5319. Availability of Reports § 5320. Injunctions § 5321. Civil Penalties § 5322. Criminal Penalties § 5323. Rewards for Informants § 5324. Structuring Transactions to Evade Reporting Requirement Prohibited § 5325. Identification Required to Purchase Certain Monetary Instruments § 5326. Records of Certain Domestic Coin and Currency Transactions [§ 5327. Repealed. Pub. L. 104– 208, DIV. A, Title II, § 2223(1), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009– 415] § 5328. Whistleblower Protections § 5329. Staff Commentaries § 5330. Registration of Money Transmitting Businesses Subchapter 3—Money Laundering and Related Financial Crimes Title 31— Money and Finance § 5340. Definitions § 5341. National Money Laundering and Related Financial Crimes Strategy Title 31— Money and Finance § 5342. High-Risk Money Laundering and Related Financial Crime Areas § 5351. Establishment of Financial Crime-Free Communities Support Program § 5352. Program Authorization § 5353. Information Collection and Dissemination With Respect to Grant Recipients § 5354. Grants for Fighting Money Laundering and Related Financial Crimes § 5355. Authorization of Appropriations Chapter 61.—Program Information Chapter 61— Program Information § 6101. Definitions § 6102. Program Information Requirements § 6102a. Assistance Awards Information System § 6103. Access to Computer Information System § 6104. Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Programs § 6105. Oversight Responsibility of Director § 6106. Authorization of Appropriations Chapter 62.—Consolidated Federal Funds Report Chapter 62— Consolidated Federal Funds Report § 6201. Definitions § 6202. Content, Form, and Data for Report § 6203. Printing and Distribution of Reports and Machine-Readable Records § 6204. Delegation § 6205. Availability of Information § 6206. Data Consistency and Uniformity of Data Elements § 6207. Authorization of Appropriations Chapter 63.—Using Procurement Contracts and Grant and Cooperative Agreements Chapter 63— Using Procurement Contracts and Grant and Cooperative Agreements § 6301. Purposes § 6302. Definitions § 6303. Using Procurement Contracts § 6304. Using Grant Agreements § 6305. Using Cooperative Agreements § 6306. Authority to Vest Title in Tangible Personal Property for Research § 6307. Interpretative Guidelines and Exemptions § 6308. Use of Multiple Relationships for Different Parts of Jointly Financed Projects Chapter 65.—Intergovernmental Cooperation Chapter 65— Intergovernmental Cooperation § 6501. Definitions § 6502. Information on Grants Received § 6503. Intergovernmental Financing § 6504. Use of Existing State or Multimember Agency to Administer Grant Programs § 6505. Authority to Provide Specialized or Technical Services § 6506. Development Assistance § 6507. Congressional Review of Grant Programs § 6508. Studies and Reports Chapter 67.—Federal Payments Chapter 67— Federal Payments § 6701. Payments to Local Governments § 6702. Local Government Fiscal Assistance Fund § 6703. Qualification for Payment § 6704. State Area Allocations; Allocations and Payments to Territorial Governments § 6705. Local Government Allocations § 6706. Income Gap Multiplier § 6707. State Variation of Local Government Allocations § 6708. Adjustments of Local Government Allocations § 6709. Information Used in Allocation Formulas § 6710. Public Participation § 6711. Prohibited Discrimination § 6712. Discrimination Proceedings § 6713. Suspension and Termination of Payments in Discrimination Proceedings § 6714. Compliance Agreements § 6715. Enforcement by the Attorney General of Prohibitions on Discrimination § 6716. Civil Action by a Person Adversely Affected § 6717. Judicial Review § 6718. Investigations and Reviews § 6719. Reports § 6720. Definitions, Application, and Administration Chapter 69.—Payment for Entitlement Land Chapter 69— Payment for Entitlement Land § 6901. Definitions § 6902. Authority and Eligibility 1 § 6903. Payments § 6904. Additional Payments § 6905. Redwood National Park and the Lake Tahoe Basin § 6906. Authorization of Appropriations § 6907. State Legislation Requiring Reallocation or Redistribution of Payments to Smaller Units of General Purpose Government Chapter 71.—Joint Funding Simplification Chapter 71— Joint Funding Simplification § 7101. Purposes § 7102. Definitions § 7103. Authority of the President and Heads of Executive Agencies § 7104. Processing Project Requests to Be Financed by at Least 2 Assistance Programs § 7105. Prescribing Uniform Technical and Administrative Provisions § 7106. Delegation of Supervision of Assistance § 7107. Joint Management Funds § 7108. Limitation on Authority Under Sections 7105– 7107 § 7109. Appropriations Available for Joint Financing § 7110. Use of Joint Financing Provisions for Federal-State Assisted Projects § 7111. Report to Congress § 7112. Expiration Date Chapter 73.—Administering Block Grants Chapter 73— Administering Block Grants § 7301. Purpose § 7302. Definitions § 7303. Reports and Public Hearings on Proposed Uses of Amounts § 7304. Availability of Records § 7305. State Auditing Requirements Chapter 75.—Requirements for Single Audits Chapter 75— Requirements for Single Audits § 7501. Definitions § 7502. Audit Requirements; Exemptions § 7503. Relation to Other Audit Requirements § 7504. Federal Agency Responsibilities and Relations With Non-Federal Entities § 7505. Regulations § 7506. Monitoring Responsibilities of the Comptroller General § 7507. Effective Date Chapter 77.—Access to Information for Debt Collection Chapter 77— Access to Information for Debt Collection § 7701. Taxpayer Identifying Number Chapter 91.—Government Corporations Chapter 91— Government Corporations § 9101. Definitions § 9102. Establishing and Acquiring Corporations § 9103. Budgets of Wholly Owned Government Corporations § 9104. Congressional Action on Budgets of Wholly Owned Government Corporations § 9105. Audits § 9106. Management Reports § 9107. Accounts § 9108. Obligations § 9109. Exclusion of a Wholly Owned Government Corporation from This Chapter § 9110. Standards for Depository Institutions Holding Securities of a Government-Sponsored Corporation for Customers Chapter 93.—Sureties and Surety Bonds Chapter 93— Sureties and Surety Bonds § 9301. Definitions § 9302. Prohibition Against Surety Bonds for United States Government Personnel § 9303. Use of Government Obligations Instead of Surety Bonds § 9304. Surety Corporations § 9305. Authority and Revocation of Authority of Surety Corporations § 9306. Surety Corporations Acting Outside Area of Incorporation and Place of Principal Office § 9307. Civil Actions and Judgments Against Surety Corporations § 9308. Civil Penalty § 9309. Priority of Sureties Chapter 95.—Government Pension Plan Protection Chapter 95— Government Pension Plan Protection § 9501. Purpose § 9502. Definitions § 9503. Reports About Government Pension Plans § 9504. Review and Recommendations Chapter 97.—Miscellaneous Chapter 97— Miscellaneous § 9701. Fees and Charges for Government Services and Things of Value § 9702. Investment of Trust Funds § 9703.1 Managerial Accountability and Flexibility § 9704. Pilot Projects for Managerial Accountability and Flexibility § 9703.1 Department of the Treasury Forfeiture Fund [§ 9704.]
Author: "U.S. Congress, Office of the Law Revision Counsel"
The U.S. Code is a consolidation and codification by subject matter of the general and permanent laws of the United States. While every effort has been made to ensure that this reproduction of the Code is accurate, those using it for legal purposes should verify their results against the printed version of the Code available through the Government Printing Office.
§ 5303. Reserved Coins and Currencies of Foreign Countries
An agency may use coins and currencies of a foreign country the United States Government holds that are or may be reserved for a specific program or activity of an agency. The agency shall reimburse the Treasury from appropriations and shall replace the coins and currencies when they are needed for the program or activity for which they were reserved originally.
(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 994.)
Historical and Revision Notes
Revised Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
5303 31:938. Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–677, 80 Stat. 955.
The word "Federal" is omitted as unnecessary because of the definition of "agency" in section 101 of the revised title. The words "coins and" and "Government" are added for consistency. The words "or set aside" and "of the Government" are omitted as surplus. The words "The agency shall reimburse . . . shall replace" are substituted for "except (1) that reimbursement shall be made . . . (2) . . . shall be replaced" for clarity. The words "applicable . . . of the agency concerned" are omitted as surplus. The words "program or activity" are substituted for "purpose" for clarity and consistency.
Title: U.S. Code, Title 31, Money and Finance
Chicago: "U.S. Congress, Office of the Law Revision Counsel", "§ 5303. Reserved Coins and Currencies of Foreign Countries," U.S. Code, Title 31, Money and Finance in U.S. Code, Title 31, Money and Finance (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 2002), Original Sources, accessed January 27, 2023, http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=8P7IG2C8YQMVAHW.
MLA: "U.S. Congress, Office of the Law Revision Counsel". "§ 5303. Reserved Coins and Currencies of Foreign Countries." U.S. Code, Title 31, Money and Finance, in U.S. Code, Title 31, Money and Finance, Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 2002, Original Sources. 27 Jan. 2023. http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=8P7IG2C8YQMVAHW.
Harvard: "U.S. Congress, Office of the Law Revision Counsel", '§ 5303. Reserved Coins and Currencies of Foreign Countries' in U.S. Code, Title 31, Money and Finance. cited in 2002, U.S. Code, Title 31, Money and Finance, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.. Original Sources, retrieved 27 January 2023, from http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=8P7IG2C8YQMVAHW.


It is important that we appreciate each other. So many little things go by unnoticed every day that are worthy of appreciation, and the truth is that if we mention each of them in the moment, we'd spend our whole lives saying thank you, or I'm sorry, or, in our greatest moments, you're amazing. To some extent, the many thanks that we owe each other are casualties of the greater good, because the many wonderful things we do for each other are expectations of our lives together. We are bonded by a mutual understanding and commitment, and with that comes the expectation of the benefit of the doubt. Forget love means never having to say you're sorry, life commitment means rarely having to say please or thank you.
Only that's not exactly right, is it? So we have these days throughout the year—birthdays, commemoratives, honoraries—that give us an opportunity to appreciate, openly and with all our hearts.
It's the little things. The trash taken out on Fridays, the mail picked up when we remember, all the electronics in the house synched and functioning.
It's the daily things. The water jug in the refrigerator kept filled, the little boy's teeth brushed, the coffee made in the morning.
It's the big things. Patience amidst chaos, gentleness amidst anger, calm amidst panic.
We do these things for each other now without offering, the same way that we accept them without thanking, and that's okay, as long from time to time we recognize the life we've built together and take the moment to stand in awe of all its beauty and all its flaws.


Show everyone that you go the distance for farm animals! Farm Sanctuary's form-fitting athletic pants make the perfect addition to your training gear. Great for use at the gym or on the road, they've got you covered wherever your journey takes you. Farm Sanctuary is with you every step of the way, as we outrun cruelty with compassion for all. Casual & comfortable, give your jeans a break with this classic jogger crafted from organic & recycled materials.


text:
Свемирски пират капетан Харлок је jапански анимирани филм из 2013. године, снимљен у продукцији Toei Animation.

Радња

Човечанство се раширило по целом свемиру, али након дуго времена схвата се да људи могу да опстану само, и једино, на својој родној планети Земљи. Људи масовно крећу да се враћају на Земљу која је тренутно превише мала и не може да прими све оне који желе да је населе. Због тога избијају ратови и прописује се забрана приласка планети. Оснива се Геа Коалиција која сматра Земљу светим местом коме нико нема право приступа. Међутим, један човек се бори за промену, човек стар преко стотину година кога јури Коалиција, човек познат под шифром С 00999- Свемирски пират Капетан Харлок.

Улоге

|-
| Шун Огури || Капетан Харлок
|-
| Харума Миура || Jама
|-
| Jу Аоj || Миме
|-
| Арата Фурута || Jатаран
|-
| Ајано Фукуда || Тори-сан
|-
| Тошијуки Морикава || Изола
|-
| Маја Сакамото || Нами
|-
| Мијуки Саваширо || Кеj Jуки
|-
| Кијоши Кобајаши || Руџин
|-
| Чикао Оцука || Соукан
|-
|}

Референце

Спољашње везе

Филмови 2013.
Јапански филмови
Анимирани филмови
Цртани филм
Свемирски пират капетан Харлок
3Д филмови 2013.
Аниме — филмови

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Few people can capture the tender emotions of life-changing moments in a still frame like Nellie Gould. You may have seen her toting a camera around town, capturing the love of a newly married couple or the first weeks of a new life. After earning her photography degree from Saint Mary's College in Indiana, Nellie spent time working with some of the top photojournalists around the country, and opened her own studio after moving to Peoria in 2005. It was that same year that she married her best friend, Dave.
What was your childhood dream job? I always wanted to be a photographer for National Geographic. I fell in love with the glossy, colorful photos that told so many cultural stories and the power the camera had at capturing them.
What's the best thing about being you? That I wake up every morning with an amazing, loving husband; a beautiful, happy baby girl; supportive family and friends; a strong faith; and my dream job.
What is your greatest achievement? I am proud that I followed my heart and was able to open a successful photo studio.
Three words that best describe me are…Determined, generous, spontaneous.
Who has had the greatest impact on your life? I moved around the country a lot growing up. I like to think that I take a piece of every place I have been and the people I have encountered into my life.
What's your favorite meal? My husband's grilled ribeye steaks, portobello mushrooms and fresh steamed asparagus paired with a tall glass of red wine.
What song always puts a smile on your face? I especially like "Keep the Car Running" by Arcade Fire and "Carries On" by Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros.
What inspires you? The circle of life. A mother's bond with her new bundle of joy; little fingers that tickle brothers and sisters; a daughter's goodbye kiss on her father's cheek before she embraces her new husband; and soft, wrinkly faces and the scent of lavender lingering on grandmothers as they pass on their life stories.
What is your favorite time of day? I love the moments just before the sun goes down. The world is filled with a glow that makes everything golden and peaceful.


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About Henry Kronk
Henry Kronk began his writing career as an intern at The Burlington Free Press in Burlington, Vermont, his hometown. After studying English at McGill University in Montreal, he went to work full time as a freelancer while living abroad in countries such as Greece, New Zealand, and Vietnam. His journalism has been published by CKUT 90.3 FM, Montreal Rampage, Potent, and HNGN. He has also produced a series of audio interviews concerning Canadian poetry for Vallum: Contemporary Poetry. His latest work is Code Burst, a podcast that investigates a free coding bootcamp in the Appalachian region of the U.S. that seeks to retrain ex-coal miners for jobs in the tech industry, along with the promise learning to code offers more broadly. Email: [email protected]
https://news.elearninginside.com
All posts by Henry Kronk
Education in 2021: Predictions and Guidance from Dr. Rhianna Rogers
January 19, 2021 Henry Kronk
2021 is here—but the challenges associated with the past year and Covid-19 remain. Vaccine production and distribution continue in the U.S. and much…
EdTech Has Newfound Relevance at CES 2021
One of the largest trade shows in the world kicked off this week. In other years, CES has drawn tens of thousands of…
EmpowerU, a Student SEL Service, Takes in $1 Million in Seed Funding
The Twin Cities-based EmpowerU announced on January 5 it had secured $1 million in seed funding. The company, which operates primarily in Minnesota,…
2020: The Year of Online Teacher Training? ASU Entrepreneur-in-Residence David Levin Has Taken Up the PD Cause with Two Massive Virtual Events
December 16, 2020 Henry Kronk
David Levin has led one of the largest educational publishers in the world. Before that, he made a name for himself by completely…
Instructure to Acquire Certica Solutions to Add Further K-12 Learning Analytics Capacity to Canvas
On December 10, Instructure announced it had finalized terms to acquire Certica Solutions, which develops K-12 assessment and learning analytics software. Both parties…
Online Learning in 2020: How Construct Education Met an Unprecedented Surge in Demand
In January of this year, the online program designer Construct Education was coming off a period of strong growth. The company had seen…
Southern Careers Institute, Woz U Sued by Investor for Fraud
A civil lawsuit currently working its way through Arizona Superior Court in Maricopa County alleges that a network of for-profit educators owes millions…
Docebo Announces $125 Million American IPO On the Heels of Strong Momentum
Docebo, the international corporate LMS developer, announced on December 1 it had filed for an initial public offering in the U.S. The company…
Blackboard Assist Will Help Learners Access Student Services and Tutoring Directly from their LMS
November 09, 2020 Henry Kronk
Blackboard, one of the world's largest learning management system (LMS) developers, launched a new feature on November 9 that branches out from its…
Instructure Announces Enhanced Microsoft Service Integrations at CanvasCon 2020 and Pledges a Renewed Commitment to Users
October 14, 2020 Henry Kronk
At CanvasCon 2020, Instructure is showcasing deeper integrations with Microsoft services, enhanced platform features, and a new Canvas Certified Teacher program. Beyond the…
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The Moving Picture Blog
Random musings on all things cinematical, and otherwise, by Joe Leydon.
A belated honor for the late Bayard Rustin
Bayard Rustin, an unsung hero of the civil rights movement who helped organize the 1963 March on Washington, is among the 16 people announced Thursday as honorees who'll be receiving the 2013 Presidential Medal of Freedom. (Also on this year's list: Former Washington Post editor Ben Bradlee, country music icon Loretta Lynn, pioneer feminist Gloria Steinem, and a couple of folks named Bill Clinton and Oprah Winfrey.) Unfortunately, his will be a posthumous award -- Rustin died in 1987. Still: Better late than never.
If you'd like to know more about this gentleman -- who, not incidentally, was openly and unashamedly gay at a time when even many nominally progressive activists of all colors were reflexively homophobic -- I'd advise you to take a look at Brother Outsider: The Life of Bayard Rustin, which is available for viewing at Netflix. You can read my Variety review of the prize-winning 2003 documentary here, and view a trailer for it here.
Posted by Joe Leydon at 8/09/2013 10:38:00 AM
Labels: Bayard Rustin, Bill Clinton, Loretta Lynn, Oprah Winfrey, Presidential Medal of Freedom, Variety
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Extending birthday wishes to Russell Crowe with two blasts from my KPRC-TV past
As a birthday tribute to Russell Crowe, I have delved into the archives to post two interviews dating back to my days at KPRC-TV. In the...
Happy Birthday to Robert Redford!
Back in 2012, the folks at Houston Cinema Arts Festival honored Robert Redford for his many and various achievements as actor, director,...
Darkness Visible: My 1986 review of Agnes Varda's Vagabond
Agnes Varda's Vagabond has the chilly clinical detachment of an autopsy report, and the profoundly unsettling reverberations of a vivid...
To celebrate the birthday of Denholm Elliott, here is video of the late, great British actor pointing a peeing dog at Dudley Moore
On this date in 1922, Denholm Elliott was born in Ealing, Middlesex, England. The great British actor — who passed away in 1992 — distin...
Once again, from me and Bill Pullman: Happy Independence Day!
I am an immigrant's son, and I get paid to go to the movies. Truly, this is the land of opportunity. And so, to celebrate the birthda...
A free seminar with three indie filmmakers: This weekend at WorldFest/Houston. (I did say free, didn't I?)
To kick off the opening weekend of the 2019 WorldFest/Houston International Film Festival, fest ramrod J. Hunter Todd has slated a free ...
Looking back at Doris Day and Pillow Talk
As a tribute to Doris Day — who passed away today at age 97 — I offer this chapter from my 2004 book " Joe Leydon's Guide to Essential ...
Remembering Akira Kurosawa's cinema -- and his laughter -- on his birthday
On this date in 1910, Akira Kurosawa was born in Tokyo. And I remain ridiculously proud of the fact that, during a Manhattan press confe...
James Mason didn't always drink wine. But when he did, he preferred to drink... Thunderbird?!?!
Obviously, unlike Orson Welles , The World's Second-Most Interesting Man drank some wine way before its time.
New on Netflix: Wild West action in Big Kill
From my 10.19.2018 Variety review : " Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear — specifically, the mid-1950s to the late...
Rambo: The TV Series?
Live from Houston: My post-screening Q&A with Lake...
Trailer Park: Getaway
R.I.P.: Karen Black (1939-2013)
OK, did I miss the announcement that they're alrea...
Why did The Lone Ranger wind up on Boot Hill?
With all due respect to the late Michael Ansara, i...
Spike Lee: Essential cinema
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Hannah Sowd Skin Care Leave a Comment / No Comments Yet!
I frequently mention other practitioners or businesses during sessions with my clients so I decided to create an online list for easy reference.
Dermatologist: Dr. MacGregor is my personal go to for both medical and cosmetic dermatology.
Chiropractor: Darryl Hobbs offers a wide range of chiropractic and health services.
Fitness: I like full body, functional fitness classes that focus on safety. My current favorites are Burn and Basecamp.
Body Scrub: If you want baby soft skin, trust the ladies at Pearl Day Spa. It's a traditional Korean Spa so the environment might be a little different but then end result is amazing!
Need a facial in Seattle? Go see my friends at Dermaspace.
We've all been there, shopping online we find a serum our esthetician sells but for a fraction of the price.
What's the deal with these products? Why is a serum $148 at most locations but $99 on a discount site? Is it too good to be true?
Every company sets an MSRP (manufacturers suggested retail price) for their products, whether it's skin care, clothing, or other items. Most companies even go so far as to monitor when their products can go on sale and how deep of a discount can be offered.
All accounts have agreed to sell products for the MSRP whether in person or online. Reputable companies want control over the pricing of their goods and will shut down accounts that don't comply.
So how are certain sites selling the same product for less?
A large amount of these sales are expired product sold by a third party. Most retailers won't risk losing their account just to offer an unapproved discount.
Or like I discovered recently, it could fake product.
I finished a favorite eye shadow palette only to discover it had been discontinued. A quick Google search led me to a few for sale on a discount site. Against my better judgement, I purchased it (they has great reviews!) only to discover it was a knock off. The packaging was identical; it was brand new and sealed but full of cheap eye shadow with no pigment.
Thankfully I spent less than $20 to learn that lesson.
A sales rep from a company I work with told me this story years ago. A customer returned a serum she purchased online because it just wasn't the same as previous bottles. Their lab tested the contents of the returned bottle and it was apple cider vinegar not the $100 serum the customer thought she was purchasing.
If you can't purchase your products directly from a professional, find a reputable website. Trying to save a few dollars on a discount site could be a disaster in the end.
Professional Treatments Leave a Comment / No Comments Yet!
I've always had a submental fat pad, regardless of the state of my body weight; it's that little lump of fat under the chin that creates a "double chin" when you smile too big.
As I've gotten older, it started to play a roll in my neck looking….older. After an honest conversation with my amazing dermatologist, we decided I would benefit more from getting rid of the fat than tightening the skin.
He suggested Kybella injections but I was afraid of the swelling and downtime. I considered CoolSculpting but heard about a new alternative, Sculpsure, and decided it was the best option for me.
According to their website Sculpsure uses targeted laser energy to heat fat cells under the skin without affecting the skin's surface. The SculpSure laser raises the temperature of fat cells damaging their structural integrity. Over the next three months, the damaged fat cells are processed and eliminated by the body's lymphatic system. Fat cells are permanently removed and will not regenerate. Results can be seen as quickly as six weeks, and optimal results typically seen at 12 weeks.
During my consultation, two treatments spaced 4 weeks apart were recommended. The headgear is designed to keep the heating plate in place under the chin so it needs to be rather tight which was slightly uncomfortable. You have to sit up very straight so the plate makes contact with the underside of the chin which also wasn't super comfortable but it wasn't the worst procedure I've suffered thru!
The initial heating cycle was HOT! Once the heating and cooling cycles kick in it was bearable. I read a review that compares the sensation to a burn from a curling iron which I think is a little dramatic.
After the treatment, I had a mark from the pressure of the device against my chin but no redness or swelling.
There is a mark from the pressure of the machine but no redness or swelling.
The next day my jawbone felt sore from the pressure of the device but no redness or swelling of the tissue. I was instructed to massage the area for 10 minutes per day, I used my jade roller for which caused a bit of soreness but I wanted to make sure I was moving all the lymph fluid.
The day after the first treatment, no redness or swelling.
Two days after the first treatment my chin area felt totally normal. I continued to massage it with my jade roller as much as possible.
The week after I had some intermittent soreness in the tissue.
During the second week I still felt mildly sore at times but had no swelling or nodules which are possible side effects.
After the third week I started to notice a difference! I too photos to compare and sure enough, my chin was smoother. No soreness or pain at all. I began to get excited for my second treatment!
My second treatment was four weeks after the first and I'm pretty sure the technician increased the intensity a bit. Since I was already noticing results I was determined to get thru it! This time my chin felt sore directly after the treatment. I tried to use my jade roller that evening but was too tender.
The morning after second treatment I was still sore and slightly swollen. By the third day it was still sore to touch but swelling had gone down. I was sore while massaging my chin for a full week after my second treatment, it was nothing unbearable and since the results were getting better each day, I wasn't alarmed.
Before and 12 weeks after my first Sculpsure treatment.
12 weeks after my first treatment I am thrilled with the results! The fat pad that bothered me is gone, my jawline is more defined and there was zero downtime involved in the procedure.
Hannah Sowd Skin Care Retail Products Leave a Comment / No Comments Yet!
A well formulated oil-based serum should be easily absorbed and nourish the skin, it can be a life saver for dry skin!
This USDA organic power-packed serum blends 20 carefully selected organic oils and botanicals known for their ability to help combat UV induced damage and restore skin's natural radiance. This concentrated antioxidant serum is also a delicious defense against future damage so we suggest you use it pre- and post- sun exposure together with your favorite mineral sunscreen. The heavenly scent of hibiscus and sweet orange will have you falling back in love with something good for you.
Radiant Skin Facial Oil is a blend of 9 essential oils that soothe irritated, chapped skin. This fast acting, leave on oil provides healing and anti-inflammatory qualities as it deeply nourishes dry, dehydrated and compromised skin. Use Radiant Skin Facial Oil to protect skin restoring suppleness and balance!
This ultra hydrating botanical oil restores a dewy luster to your skin. Naturally rich Jojoba and Sesame seed oils deliver advanced hydration, visibly reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. A blend of pure Lavender, Rosewood and Geranium essential oils provide a dewy, illuminated complexion and create a gorgeous aromatic allure. The perfect instant surge of hydration for a beautiful, radiant glow.
Nine natural oils multitask to help protect from free radical damage and to refresh skin's appearance. Evening primrose, argan and jojoba oils help to boost hydration, reinforce skin's moisture barrier, and soften the appearance of lines and wrinkles. Grapeseed and rosehip oils deliver vitamins c + e to improve tone and restore a healthy-looking complexion. Geranium and borage oils help balance skin. This quick-absorbing treatment provides instant hydration to help skin look and feel softer, smoother and brighter.
A botanically active blend of a cold-pressed powerhouse of superfood seed oils, this formula nourishes the skin with antioxidants, vitamins, essential amino acids, omegas 3, 6, and 9, and naturally soothing agents for a luminous, radiant complexion. Vitamins A and C help to brighten the skin's appearance for healthy-looking vibrancy, while they fortify the skin with antioxidants to support anti-aging. Sinks in, leaving skin hydrated, protected, and velvety soft for an obsession worthy glow.
Do I Need To Wear SPF In The Winter?
Sunscreen Leave a Comment / No Comments Yet!
UVA rays are present whenever there is sunlight. What are UVA rays?
Winter sunlight may not be strong enough to burn your skin (or give you a tan) but it still affects your skin.
UVA rays penetrate deeper into the skin than UVB rays and cumulative exposure does contribute to the development of certain types of skin cancer.
Additionally, if you are using a physical SPF (like you should be!), it will work as a physical barrier against the wind and cold.
Find an SPF product you like and commit to wearing it 365 days a year!
I'm a fan of a physical sunscreen. It works to prevent melasma and is better for the environment.
Here are my top five favorite sunscreens for all skin types.
Eclipse SPF 50+ is an ultra-sheer, lightweight formula that absorbs quickly for a non-greasy matte finish. Formulated specifically for daily use and extended outdoor activities. Eclipse SPF 50+ is a unique fusion of scientifically advanced physical sunscreens, transparent Titanium Dioxide and micronized Zinc Oxide, coupled with pure Vitamin E. This antioxidant-rich blend provides superior water-resistant broad spectrum UVA/UVB protection.
A rich, non-greasy, "chem-free" face sunscreen that offers Broad Spectrum Protection against damaging UVA & UVB rays. Infused with youth promoting antioxidants, this 3 in 1 product functions as a face moisturizer, sunscreen and make-up primer. Red algae, aloe vera, jojoba, sunflower, pomegranate, cucumber, and green tea provide the face with additional sun defense and hydration. Large doses of uncoated, non-nano zinc-oxide protect the skin while providing anti-inflammatory properties that help with rosacea, acne, and melasma.
A 100% mineral primer in one translucent formula that blurs pores and mattifies skin. Wear underneath makeup for more coverage during the week, or on its own for less coverage during the weekend – and either way, you can rest assured that you're getting SPF 40 protection. Major bonus points for the fact that butterfly bush extract helps guard your skin from blue light too.
CeraVe Sunscreen Face Lotion SPF 50 provides broad spectrum, lightweight sun protection plus 3 essential ceramides to help restore skin's protective barrier. Water resistant for up to 40 minutes.
DermaQuest Youth Protection SPF 30 blocks the sun's harmful UV rays while simultaneously combatting signs of aging for a protected, more youthful complexion. Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide deflect and shield skin from UVA/UVB rays while shea butter and jojoba moisturize. Lines and wrinkles lighten as antioxidants absorb to nourish your facial features.
Two close girlfriends had baby showers this summer and I set up a DIY body scrub station as a party favor at both parties.
This gave me the opportunity to play around with a lot of fun ingredients and make new combinations for yummy DIY body scrubs!
I've always favored sugar over salt as an exfoliating agent and found that adding finely shredded coconut is effective and aromatic.
Mix all ingredients together in a bowl until well combined. Store in a jar with a tight fitting lid. Can be kept in the refrigerator if you don't plan on using it up within 4-6 months. Not recommended for use on the face.
Chemical Peel Professional Treatments Leave a Comment / No Comments Yet!
A professional chemical peel is part of many skin care rountines; they are effective when getting ready for a big event like a wedding or to soften the signs of aging.
Superficial peels are left on the skin for 2-6 minutes then neutralized with water or a neutralizing agent. These are often part of a facial treatment and a popular example is glycolic acid.
Medium depth peels are more aggressive and self-neutralizing. They may produce several days of shedding skin and a popular chemical peel is this category is the Jessner Peel.
Medium depth, self-neutralizing chemical peels are very effective for a variety of concerns. Hyper-pigmentation, acne, acne scars, fine lines, wrinkles, and skin laxity can all be improved with peels from this category.
Your esthetician will determine which blend of acid is best for your skin type and concerns. There are many chemical peels available, most use combinations of TCA, retinol. salicyic, lactic, and mandelic acids.
If you are prone to cold sores or know you have oral herpes, take preventive medication for 2 days before having a medium depth chemical peel. Some peels can initiate a flare up.
During the treatment, multiple layers of solution will be applied to your skin with time for each layer to dry between applications. Your esthetician will use a fan to cool your skin and minimize discomfort.
Your skin will be protected with sunscreen after the chemical peel is applied. You cannot wash your face or sweat for at least 5 hours so schedule your appointment accordingly. You may have a chemical peel in the evening and safely sleep with the solution on your face. Thoroughly wash it off the following morning before showering or working out, you don't want the solution to run into your eyes!
Over the next 36-48 hours, your skin will feel tight and smooth, maybe a little warm. The tight skin begins to shed around the mouth first since your facial movement helps loosen the dead skin. The shedding continues to the cheeks, forehead, and hairline over the next few days.
Schedule your chemical peel when you have no important events for the following 10-14 days.
Some skin types take longer to start the shedding process, some have a "second shed" (day of light but visible dryness) after the major shedding is finished. Skin can be unpredictable so give yourself ample time to heal before any important events.
While your skin is shedding, use gentle, hydrating products. Cream cleanser, calming moisturizer, and physical sunscreen is all you need.
Don't use products with active ingredients for at least 14 days after your chemical peel.
Contact your esthetician if you have any questions or your skin has a bad reaction. Allergies aren't common but they do happen!
This gentle yet effective face cleanser works to remove dirt, impurities, and excess oil while still maintaining the skin's essential natural oils. Ideal for men or women of all skin types, this gel formula contains glycolic acid, salicylic acid, and vitamins E and A to maintain a healthy clear complexion.
Vitamin Therapy uses soy and avocado oils to gently cleanse the skin and remove makeup without harsh sulfates. The addition of vitamins A, C, and E leave the skin fortified and ready for hydration. Vitamin Therapy is gentle enough to remove eye makeup. Suitable for normal, dry and combination skin types.
This mineral-rich Organic Seaweed gel cleanser effectively removes excess oil and surface impurities from skin while maintaining a hydrated, healthy looking complexion. Vegan Lactic Acid (derived from beets) gently exfoliates to visibly minimize pores. Hints of Lime, Cypress, Juniper and Jasmine essential oils energize skin and awaken the senses. Organic Seaweed deeply hydrates, leaving skin feeling balanced, refreshed and radiant.
Equipped with naturally derived ingredients rich in antioxidants, the SkinBrite Facial Cleanser combines the revitalizing properties of Shitake Mushroom, Green Tea Extract, Panthenol (Vitamin B5) and Vitamins C & E to gently even out and brighten dull skin tone while soothing and protecting the delicate properties of the skin.
Developed with dermatologists, CeraVe Foaming Cleanser's gently foams to deeply cleanse without disrupting the skin barrier. This refreshing gel, with 3 essential ceramides and hyaluronic acid, effectively removes excess oil, dirt, and makeup. Fragrance free formula is suitable for sensitive skin.
Even when on vacation, I can't help but check out all things spa and wellness related! I love the history of bath houses and thalassotherapy.
The Glanum archeological site near St Rémy de Provence, France is home to the remains of a healing sacred spring as well as ancient Roman Baths so I had to have a look.
The Sacred Spring was an underground cave with water flow and an additional tunnel that channeled wind. The wind created a noise that caused the people in 200 BC to considered it "devine". They decided the "devine water" must have healing powers so an alter was built around the cave.
Over the years, this alter became more elaborate, eventually with stairs leading down to the water and treatment areas surrounding it.
Roman solders would travel from all over to receive treatments with the "devine water" for gout and other illnesses. They often stayed at Glanum for months and it was customary to leave a gift of a carved stone pillar in exchange for treatment. These pillars often included engravings of legs which led historians to figure out the water was used to treat disorders of the legs.
Next to the Sacred Spring, there are stone slabs (ancient massage tables) thought to have been used for massage and water treatments. The indent near the top held oil for the treatment.
Around 75BC Glanum became a popular destination for its Roman Bath house. The bath house was for rest and relaxation, not just healing purposes like the spring. Men used a mixture of sand and olive oil to exfoliate their skin before soaking in the pools of water.
The history is fascinating and the site is beautiful. I recommend checking it out if you're in the area!


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Follow the Money: Series 1 (2016)
NewsTV SeriesDramaWorld Cinema
From Jeppe Gjervig Gram, who co-wrote the Danish hit series Borgen, Follow the Money, released on DVD & Blu-ray on 25th April 2016, takes us into the world of economic crime in the banks, on the stock exchanges, and in the board rooms.
Thomas Bo Larsen, Natalie Madueño, Esben Smed Jensen, Nikolaj Lie Kaas, Thomas Hwan, Line Kruse
Jannik Johansen, Søren Balle, Per Fly, Søren Kragh-Jacobsen
Anders Toft Andersen
#FollowTheMoney
In recent months, Nordic Noir & Beyond has continued to grow from strength to strength as market leaders in releasing world class European TV shows to a wider audience. Following the success of The Bridge III, River and most recently Trapped, their dominance in the Euro-crime sector continues to help secure them as the No.1 Distributor of International TV series within the UK.
As 2016 continues, Nordic Noir & Beyond are thrilled to announce the 25th April 2016 DVD & Blu-ray release of the complete first season of the Danish financial crime thriller Follow the Money. The series concludes on BBC Four on Saturday 16th April 2016, and follows previous Nordic Noir hit drama series Trapped.
The series centres around one of Denmark's leading energy companies, 'Energreen', and the endless layers of fraud and corruption which point towards insider trading and the death of an industrial employee. With a ruthless and troubled police officer determined to get to the bottom of this deception, a charismatic CEO set on growing his international business, a young lawyer desperate to advance in the company, and an ex-con devoted to provide for his family, this story becomes one of us human beings, the rich, the poor, the greedy, the fraudulent, the robbers who'll go to any lengths to build the lives of our dreams.
Follow the Money comes from creator Jeppe Gjervig Gram, who co-wrote the Danish hit series Borgen, and executive producer Anders Toft Andersen, who draws on his experiences from The Killing and The Bridge, which together propelled this Nordic wave. As a result, this series is steeped in Nordic Noir & Beyond history, and the trailer only increases the excitement for this critically-acclaimed series.
This video is external content and DVD365.net cannot be held responsible for its content and/or links, suggested or otherwise inferred.
Nikolaj Lie Kaas
Britannia: Season 1, Men and Chicken, The Keeper of Lost Causes, The Whistleblower, Angels and Demons, Britannia: Series 2
Thomas Bo Larsen
Follow The Money: Season 2, The Wave, The Hunt
Esben Smed Jensen
Follow The Money: Season 2
Per Fly
Thomas Hwan
Line Kruse


Last week turned out to be my last event as LeedsPHP co-organiser since joining Tom de Bruin back in March 2017. Tom was due to step down at the end of June after a heroic 2+ year spell in charge, although my fate was undecided. Now we've found a great team to takeover the reins, the time is right for me to step away and refocus on other priorities.
Together, we voluntarily organised 13 events, hosting 25 speakers and roughly 500 attendees.
LeedsPHP was the first ever tech meetup I attended back in 2011. The meetup scene has exploded since then, with more tech events happening in Leeds recently than San Francisco. I'm thankful that I've been in a position to give back to this great community, and I have no doubt you'll see me around in future! At some point I'll probably write up my experiences, but I like to think it's helped me grow.
Hugh Noble and Tom Wade will be completely in charge after June. Hugh is a regular attendee and Tom has previous speaking experience at LeedsPHP. They've already started getting involved, having successfully help organise May/June. Both are committed to the future of the meetup and I'm looking forward at the direction they choose to take it in. Good luck guys!


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Undergraduates Win Scholarships for Bright Business Ideas for Texas
The Texas Business Hall of Fame Foundation has selected three undergraduate students at The University of Texas at Dallas for scholarships that recognize leadership and entrepreneurial spirit.
Konan Mirza, Brian Hoang and Tina Dimitrova each have won $15,000, with funds for their awards donated by the Mitchell Family Foundation. They will pick up their awards on Thursday, Nov. 1, at the Texas Business Hall of Fame Foundation's annual gala in Houston.
The scholarships, supported by various donors throughout the state, are awarded to students at 25 Texas universities. The application requires that each student describe his or her goals and explain plans to pursue a career in Texas.
"We have worked really hard to build a great entrepreneurial program at UT Dallas," said Dr. Diane McNulty, associate dean for external affairs and corporate development at the Naveen Jindal School of Management (JSOM). "More and more students are opting in to entrepreneurship and innovation than ever before — with all the associated creativity and risk. That's great news for the future of the state of Texas. Every one of these scholars has staked his or her future on making sure our state's economy continues to thrive."
Konan Mirza
"For me, it's never been about the awards," Mirza said. "It's more about solving problems. It just so happens that, when it's presented in the form of a competition, you're in a situation where you can come up with ideas that are meaningful and can help people."
Mirza, a finance and economics junior, started Alta Air, a company that manufactures modular drones with interchangeable parts for detecting air pollution. The company began when he and teammates entered a high school competition. Even though it was supposed to be just a simulation, they soon realized that they had a viable idea. Mirza, a member of the Davidson Management Honors Program at the Jindal School, enrolled at UT Dallas with the express purpose of realizing his vision.
"We started implementing it," he said. "We started assembling a team, a marketing plan, a business plan, getting mentors, talking to people with connections and trying to get a little recognition."
They soon connected with the Institute for Innovation and Entrepreneurship and entered the Big Idea Competition in 2017. They received $5,000 for third place and won $2,500 for the best undergraduate idea.
Brian Hoang
Hoang, a software engineering senior in the Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, co-founded Immosis, a tech agency that creates immersive software experiences across multiple industries using virtual and augmented reality.
"Scale is the key," he said. "Making a difference person-by-person is great and all, but I want to put my efforts into one thing that can, in turn, improve many lives."
Hoang said that emerging technologies such as virtual reality and artificial intelligence have the potential to change fundamentally the way that humans live, engage with content and become productive.
"Technology provides more opportunities for us to better our own lives," he said. "Use cases are popping up everywhere — health care, transportation, everything. We're living in a revolution of innovation, and it's absolutely beautiful."
Tina Dimitrova
Dimitrova, a finance senior, plans to start a private equity fund. For that, she said, she needs to cultivate a network of potential advisors and investors, and applying for the scholarship was a good start.
"I'm excited about getting a chance to meet businesspeople who are in the Texas Business Hall of Fame and speaking with them," she said. "I will be able to find out how they got to where they are and get snippets of advice from them."
Dimitrova has been proactive in seeking advice from mentors, in particular JSOM faculty members Madison Pedigo, director of the Master of Science in Innovation and Entrepreneurship program, and Dr. Monica Powell, senior associate dean.
Dimitrova offers this advice for fellow students: "Try to learn as much as possible about a potential career path and get as much relevant experience as soon as you can. Even getting some experience in a job that you do not like will help you succeed in the job you eventually do want."
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I usually keep the bones in the same layer as the object....less steps to think about. I also tend to rig with bones rather then with skelegons.
Is the character composed of multiple parts or is it a single object? Dynamics and bones can work together depending on what youre doing and how its setup.
Well to further complicate your question, its one whole piece, but to shatter polygons have to be deleted and copied back on in modler in order for them to shatter after the collision, but after adding gravity to the dynamic, those pieces fall off regardles due to the gravity even with start by collision switched on, but yes its one whole object, with two layers.
Bones wont work with the object plus the object has to be cut up into pieces where each piece doesnt share vertices with the other piece. If your character is subpatched this wont work.
I would animate the character and determine when you want him to shatter.
Use the save transformed function to save the character posed on that frame.
Chop that one up into the right number of pieces.
Load that into layout and make it invisible. At the right time make the animated version invisible and make the chopped up one visible and have it explode on that frame.
Yeah thats exactly the conclusion i came to, but I'm just surprised it's not possible, so I thought I'd ask the forums, thx or your replys.
Even if it did work it would make the process complicated because you would have to cut up your character and unweld sections. This would look ugly if the character is subpatched.
Another option would be to free the character and cut it up into pieces, Parent each pieced to a bone. At the right time do the dissolve thing.


Harry Redknapp claims modern players are to blame for West Ham United's failings, per the Daily Star.
The Hammers have been in inconsistent form this season and sit ninth in the Premier League table, having won two and lost two of their last four outings.
Redknapp believes that there is a lack of "love" for the club among modern players.
Indeed, he claims he does not know "half the players there anymore", before veering perilously close to dangerous territory by claiming the club is filled with "foreign imports".
Asked about why West Ham have been flattering to deceive, he told the Star: "It's hard to put your finger on it, I don't know. It's a difficult one, I don't know who the characters are, who the leaders are at the football clubs. It's a changing world.
"I'll be honest I don't even know half the players there anymore [at West Ham]. They seem to have lots of foreign imports in and then go.
"[Mark] Noble's the only one I really find I can relate to there, he's a West Ham boy through and through. He's a massive part of the club.
"It's a changing world, I look back all them years ago when everybody at West Ham came from within four or five miles of the ground. It's all local boys, all love the club, want to play for the club.
Redknapp is perhaps the last bastion of proper football men.
His claim that West Ham's squad is filled with foreign players who care little about the club should give you some idea about which way he voted in the Brexit referendum of 2016.
This is an old-fashioned belief that has precious little tethering to reality.
Manchester City, for example, had four main English players last season: Kyle Walker, John Stones, Raheem Sterling and Fabian Delph.
There were, by comparison, the same amount of Brazilian players. City picked up 100 points.
West Ham are not expecting to do that, of course, but Redknapp is merely disguising a lack of research behind a nationalistic ideal that no longer holds up in 2019.


Ever since Bihar chief minister Nitish Kumar joined NDA once again, he has turned a new leaf. A few controversial decisions aside, he is back to being the 'Sushasan Babu' he was once famous as. Nitish has played a significant role in sending notorious lawbreaker and ex chief minister of Bihar Lalu Prasad Yadav behind the bars. Earlier, he had supported various reforms instituted by the NDA openly, even when he was a part of the Mahagathbandhan with RJD, JD (U) and Congress.
Now, months after he broke away from the Mahagatbandhan, Nitish has begun a major administrative overhaul, which includes appointments to various administrative posts. In one such incident, the present Bihar government has appointed K.S. Dwivedi as the new Director General of Police of the state, following the retirement of DGP P.K. Thakur.
However, the appointment of a seemingly meritorious officer kicked up a hornet's nest, as RJD spokesman Manoj Jha cried foul, accusing Nitish Kumar of toeing BJP's line and catering to anti-Muslim sentiments. To quote him, "…..the decision has clearly been taken by Nagpur and imposed on Patna." Jha accused Nitish Kumar of acting at the instance of the BJP. Ex chief minister and Hindustani Awam Morcha supremo Jitan Ram Manjhi, who had quit the NDA and joined the RJD-Congress combine, also expressed concern over Dwivedi's appointment to the DGP post.
Even the intellectuals were not to be left behind in joining the slugfest, accusing the Nitish Kumar government of being biased towards the Muslim community. Left-wing media portal The Wire published an entire article lambasting Nitish Kumar for appointing Dwivedi as the DGP, who according to them, is a man of questionable credentials.
But why is KS Dwivedi being lampooned? Of what is he accused? The real reason goes back almost three decades, when the town of Bhagalpur in Bihar was rife with murderous violence, following a ghastly attack on a peaceful procession in support of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement. Following this attack, Bhagalpur was engulfed in a month long process of anarchy and riots, which left more than 1000 people dead.
At that time, the man in question, K.S. Dwivedi, was the Superintendent of Police, Bhagalpur division. He was deputed to maintain law and order following the riots. Had it not been for his able decisions and quick action, Bhagalpur would've seen the rise of another Kashmir-like situation in Bihar. However, instead of being rewarded for his actions, Dwivedi was castigated for his alleged inaction in preventing deaths in the Muslim community. He was transferred at the behest of the then chief minister S N Sinha, who was supposedly following the then prime minister Rajiv Gandhi's advice. The order was later revoked following a massive uproar by both the masses and the press.
The appointment of KS Dwivedi as the DGP of Bihar has created a furor amongst the intelligentsia, who fear that his no nonsense approach, like that of his counterpart OP Singh in Uttar Pradesh, could restore law and order in Bihar. This would defeat their purpose of keeping the state, once famous for its immense contribution to India, in turmoil. To be honest, if the appointment of Dwivedi can cause such mayhem in the anti-Indian opposition, imagine what his actual work on ground will do. Come what may, we are assured of one thing : if not in Bengal, 'achche din' are now definitely coming to Bihar, and the duo of prime minister Modi and chief minister Nitish will now have the last laugh!


text:
What do Today's Law Professors Teach About the Rittenhouse Case
By Steve Pomper
Image Credit: YouTube screenshot
Can you imagine what it's like sitting in some law school classrooms, these days? I never attended law school, but I did graduate from a police academy where we studied criminal and constitutional law. To do the job right, cops must stay up on both throughout their careers. Lawyers should, too, right?
So, with so many leftist attorneys who are politicians and members of leftist organizations like the ACLU, how much law do they have to ignore or lie (to themselves and others) about to conclude justice was not rendered in the Kyle Rittenhouse case? Here is an (admittedly tame) example from The Pulse at NCPolicyWatch.org.
The professor who wrote the article said he believed the Rittenhouse jury's verdict "may portend a similar outcome in…" the Ahmaud Arbery case, which is baffling because the two cases, outside of arguing self-defense, have no remotely similar facts.
Back to the law school classroom. I'm not talking about how people feel about the case. I'm talking about the law. I'm talking about what actually happened in those moments of sheer terror when self-defense became necessary, and about what the law say about it. The massive conspiracy by media and Democrat radicals not only to keep the truth from the public but also to outright lie about what happened is stunning.
I'm still hearing pundits, such as at CNN and MSNBC, saying Rittenhouse bought a gun illegally, "illegally" brought it "across state lines," went "uninvited" to protect businesses, and "murdered" people. Aside from "crossing state lines" (like a border, right?), those allegations and many more are demonstrably untrue.
So, witnessing this apparent belligerent ignorance displayed by so many attorneys, how do law students watch the video coverage of the evidence at trial, read the legal elements of self-defense, only to have their profs (and media legal pundits) tell them justice wasn't served?
Some say Rittenhouse shouldn't have been there. Okay, maybe he shouldn't have, but that's an opinion. A good law prof will tell students the law says their opinion doesn't matter. He shouldn't have had a gun, some also say. Again, okay. But, again, that's your opinion, not the law. According to the law, he had a right to be there and to possess a rifle—whether you like it or not.
To believe justice wasn't served means one both accepts opinion as fact and ignores the law as written. A good law prof will not encourage students to do that. A good prof will separate students' personal opinions and what they wish were true from fact, what is true—what does the law say? If you don't like the law as written, convince your legislature to change it. That's how America works—or is supposed to work.
A law student, or lawyer, may not like a lot of aspects of this case, but the only thing that mattered was what happened exclusively in each of those few moments when rioters attacked Rittenhouse, and he defended himself.
There is no doubt Kyle Rittenhouse was tried in the media with biased accounts of what happened. Even candidate Joe Biden called him a "white supremacist." It's stunning that even pundits who say they paid attention to the entire case from the beginning didn't know so many facts until the end of the trial and since.
If after reading these lists you don't wonder why mainstream "news" media even exists, you may have to reset your critical thinking button. According to radical leftist media reporting, you can be forgiven if you thought:
The BLM/Antifa riots started because Kenosha police shot and killed Jacob Blake, an unarmed black man.
That 17-year-old Kyle Rittenhouse was a militia member and white supremist.
He crossed state lines from Illinois to Wisconsin illegally with a firearm.
In Wisconsin, he possessed an illegal "short-barreled" rifle.
He traveled uninvited to Kenosha, where he knew no one, to protect property.
He targeted peaceful demonstrations, intent on shooting BLM/Antifa protesters.
He was armed with an AR-15 "assault weapon" loaded with "full metal jacketed, hollow pointed, exploding" rounds.
He "murdered" two and wounded one black victims.
Even those who admitted the "victims" were white have painted the felons as heroes.
Rittenhouse illegally possessed an illegal "assault weapon" and used it illegally.
MORE NEWS: Republican State Attorneys General Stop OSHA Vaccine Mandates
Back in the real world, among other things, below are some facts the media refused to report. Ludicrously, some media still pretend what happened didn't happen and continue their intentional misreporting.
Jacob Blake was armed with a knife and was not killed. Officials ordered police not to quell riots. The governor declined Trump's offer to deploy troops.
If there was evidence Rittenhouse was a white supremist, they would have cited it.
Rittenhouse did not "illegally" cross state lines with a firearm.
The rifle was legal, but the prosecution failed to measure the barrel before charging Rittenhouse with possessing an illegal weapon.
Mother's house in Antioch, IL. only 20 miles from father's house in Kenosha, WI. Rittenhouse's grandmother, other family, and friends live in Kenosha.
When Rittenhouse arrived in Kenosha, the rioting was already in its third day.
Rosenbaum (a white man), a five-time convicted child-rapist, pushed a flaming dumpster into "occupied police vehicles," chased Rittenhouse, knocked the teen down twice, and kicked him in the head.
Huber (a white man), twice convicted for DV assault, struck Rittenhouse with a skateboard twice.
Grosskreutz (a white man), convicted of burglary and assault, testified Rittenhouse did not shoot him until he pointed his handgun at Rittenhouse's head. Grosskreutz, as a convicted felon, is prohibited from possessing a firearm.
Rittenhouse was legally in possession of his legal weapon in Wisconsin.
This case had nothing to do with race and became a referendum on the God-given right to self-defense. You have no right to self-defense if you don't have the ability to possess the most practical means to defend yourself: a firearm.
So, how are law professors teaching law these days when so many lawyer politicians and supposed civil rights attorneys, like with the ACLU, are perfectly fine with ignoring laws as they are written as long as it advances a leftist political agenda?
There is just so much that needs to be ignored to teach law students the Kenosha jury did not deliver the correct verdict. There's no doubt we are in the midst of a cultural revolution, not unlike that Mao perpetrated on the Chinese people. And what do we know for sure about tyranny and cultural revolutions? That the law becomes arbitrary.
Steve Pomper
Steve Pomper is a retired Seattle police officer. He's served as a field training officer and on the East Precinct Community Police Team. He's the author of four books, including "De-Policing America: A Street Cop's View of the Anti-Police State." He's also a contributor to the National Police Association.
Stephen Russell
I say apply to all media cases: OJ, LA riots, Ferguerson MO etc A-Z by Law Professors
Brian Rushfeldt
most University profs are a useless if not dangerous lot.
Once they get their head out of their arse, they will maybe see the truth, but I doubt it.
The law is now what liberals say it is. Rittenhouse was fortunate to get a judge in is 70ss who believed in the law and in the jury system. That wouldn't hold much water in the future as the real judges retire and die off and the woke judges take over, having pre judged every case based on feelings. If you don' think civil war is inevitable at this point, you are not living in reality. It's fight now or lose our country forever.


text:
Key coverage
Youth Prisons
Legislature's Demographics
Beth Van Duyne could be the GOP's antidote to high-profile progressives when she joins Congress
The former Housing and Urban Development official will be part of the largest group of House Republican women ever elected to Congress in the same year. Van Duyne's supporters expect she'll bring her brand of outspoken conservative fire with her to the Capitol.
by Alex Samuels Dec. 17, 2020 5 AM Central
Beth Van Duyne at the 2017 Texas Tribune Festival. The former Irving mayor won a North Texas congressional seat in November. Credit: Marjorie Kamys Cotera for The Texas Tribune
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Early in her bid for a North Texas congressional seat, Beth Van Duyne went on "Fox & Friends" with three other Republican women to take aim at the brand of liberalism they planned to fight in Washington, D.C.
Informally named a "conservative squad" — the GOP's antidote to a quartet of progressive women in the U.S. House known as "the squad" — Van Duyne said that, if elected, the GOP group's goal was to influence a Congress "run by extremists."
"We've seen nothing that is solving the problems at the border, where you've got loopholes that enable human traffickers and drug cartels to come in," Van Duyne said in the December 2019 interview.
The future of that "squad" may be uncertain — the organizer lost her primary this year, and the initial website promoted by the group is no longer active. But Van Duyne easily sailed through a five-way primary to win the Republican nomination to replace U.S. Rep. Kenny Marchant, R-Coppell. And last month, she defeated Democrat Candace Valenzuela for control of the suburban U.S. House district.
Her general election victory mirrored those seen in other conservative-leaning suburbs across the country, where, despite indications that President Donald Trump alienated voters, down-ballot Republican candidates held their own.
Now, the former Irving mayor's supporters expect she'll bring her well-established brand of conservative fire to Washington, D.C. Van Duyne will be part of the record number of House Republican women ever elected to Congress, shattering a previous record broken in 2004.
She also could become the right's answer to U.S. Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, who became a political celebrity — and lightning rod — in the 2018 Democratic freshman class.
"She is a very strong-willed, strategic, no-nonsense executive," said Dallas County GOP Chair Rodney Anderson. "She's well educated, highly experienced and whether she chooses to brand herself in that manner, it will be done in a way that represents her district in the best manner possible."
But Van Duyne remains controversial in North Texas years after she was harshly criticized for espousing baseless beliefs about Shariah law in the region while she was mayor.
"We know that she has a long history of utilizing Islamophobia and anti-Muslim bigotry for her own short-term political benefit, and we hope now that she's in Congress that she will actually serve as a representative for all of her constituents and not just some of her constituents," said Faizan Syed, the executive director of the Council on American-Islamic Relations-Texas DFW, a chapter of the largest civil liberties and advocacy organization for Muslims in America.
Van Duyne, who did not respond to requests to be interviewed for this story, is a single, working mother in a delegation of Texas Republicans who are overwhelmingly older and male. And she's an ardent supporter of Trump, under whom she worked as a Department of Housing and Urban Development administrator.
Proud to be Nancy Pelosi's most bitter loss.
This election proved North Texans want a voice in Congress who fights for good jobs, safe cities, & better healthcare options — not the anti-freedom, socialist policies Pelosi & Democrat candidates were pushing. https://t.co/m2U0mWIYGr
— Beth Van Duyne (@Bethvanduyne) December 11, 2020
This tweet may have been deleted or made private.
Van Duyne's ascension to Congress was key for the party, as she fended off Democrats' last hope of picking up a congressional seat during what was forecast to be a grim year for the GOP. That's particularly true in her district that straddles parts of Dallas, Denton and Tarrant counties. Its changing demographics made it one of the most racially diverse battlegrounds in the state and appear more competitive.
What makes Van Duyne so formidable and such a potential threat to Democrats in the future is that she has managed to win the admiration of the Trump base while bolstering the GOP's appeal to the constituency that he repelled: suburban women.
To be sure, Van Duyne will be a freshman member of the chamber's minority party when she is sworn in next month. But she'll arrive in the Capitol no stranger to using a single seat of political power to staunchly push her principles, toppling established opponents or garnering national attention.
"I am honored the people of North Texas have placed their faith and trust in me," Van Duyne said in a statement after her opponent conceded. "My pledge to the people of the 24th District is that no matter whom you supported in this election, I will work tirelessly for you and your family."
Political roots
Born in Albany, New York, the magna cum laude graduate of Cornell University eventually relocated to Las Colinas, an affluent enclave in Irving, just outside Dallas.
Van Duyne's first run at politics came in 2004, when she successfully ousted incumbent Irving City Council member Herbert Gears. According to The Dallas Morning News, she was dissatisfied with how he handled a zoning case in her neighborhood — and how he treated her and another constituent who tried to talk to him about it.
"He said, 'You rich white people behind your pearly gates, you don't care, you don't get involved, so why should I care?'" Van Duyne told The Morning News.
Shortly after, Gears successfully ran for mayor, allowing him to preside over the governing body Van Duyne had just joined. The two then spent years publicly clashing at council meetings on everything from illegal immigration to the definition of apartments. Van Duyne was frequently on the losing end of council votes, but her conservative stances, steadfast convictions and watchdog mentality won her fervent supporters.
Van Duyne served for two terms before stepping down in 2010. She then launched a campaign against Gears for the mayoral post. On the campaign trail, Van Duyne harshly criticized Gears for his oversight of a publicly funded development project on which millions in taxpayer dollars were questionably spent.
One of the key players in the development project gave Gears hundreds of thousands of dollars in campaign donations in his bid to keep his seat. But Van Duyne ousted him again and became the first woman mayor of the suburban city.
"The people spoke loud and clear that they're ready for a change," Van Duyne said after her first mayoral victory. "They were sick of all talk and no action."
While in office, Van Duyne dubbed herself a limited government conservative and received praise from supporters for passing the city's first ethics policy and for bringing new businesses to Irving. She also became a vocal opponent of sanctuary policies that shield unauthorized immigrants from federal immigration enforcement. Also during her tenure, Irving was named one of the best cities for job growth, as well as the fifth safest city in the U.S.
"I think one of her biggest strengths as mayor was that she had a backbone — which is very rare to see in a city official," said former state Rep. Matt Rinaldi of Irving, a longtime friend of Van Duyne's.
But her time in Irving politics brought her both fame and infamy — depending on the political leanings of the observer. As mayor, Van Duyne infamously sought an investigation of a group of Muslim imams in North Texas after she latched on to internet rumors falsely accusing them of bypassing American courts when settling disputes among members of their community.
"She has really built her political career on demonizing and spreading fear of American Muslims," said Syed, the CAIR-Texas DFW executive director.
In 2015, Van Duyne received national attention after the City Council, at her behest, narrowly passed a resolution supporting an anti-Sharia bill then making its way through the Texas Legislature. A similar state law eventually passed in 2017.
"People talk about, 'Oh you're so brave,'" Van Duyne said during a 2015 speaking engagement, according to The Morning News. "There is nothing I did that was heroic."
"I think one of her biggest strengths as mayor was that she had a backbone — which is very rare to see in a city official."
— Former state Rep. Matt Rinaldi
That same year, Van Duyne defended the arrest of teenager Ahmed Mohamed who was detained after bringing a homemade clock to his Irving high school that was mistaken for a bomb. She was accused of fear mongering after referring to Mohamed's clock as a "hoax bomb," which contradicted the conclusions of Irving police. Van Duyne was among officials sued for defamation by Mohamed's family, though the suit was later dismissed.
In announcing her plans to not seek a third term as mayor, Van Duyne credited herself with pushing through a half-penny tax cut and bringing new businesses to Irving, including the headquarters of 7-Eleven, according to media reports.
"My role working for the community will change, but I'm not saying goodbye at all," she told The Morning News when she announced she wasn't seeking a third term. "If you look at what we've accomplished, it's pretty awesome."
A federal appointment
During the 2016 presidential campaign — and Van Duyne's final year as Irving mayor — retired Army Lt. Gen. Michael Flynn spoke at a Dallas event hosted by ACT for America. According to The Morning News, he met with Van Duyne before the event.
"Beth is incredibly brave," Flynn said. "Vote for her for anything."
Shortly after Donald Trump won the election, Van Duyne and Flynn were spotted together at Trump Tower in New York City. Flynn was later named Trump's national security adviser, though his tenure lasted about a month and he eventually pleaded guilty to lying to the FBI about his contacts with the Russian ambassador. (Trump pardoned Flynn late last month.)
Months later, as Van Duyne's term as mayor was ending, her next move was announced: The Trump administration tapped her to be a regional U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development regional administrator.
Lt. Gen. Michael Flynn, former director of the Defense Intelligence Agency, testifies before the Senate Armed Services Committee in Washington, D.C. Credit: Douliery Olivier/ABACA via REUTERS
She told The Texas Tribune at the time that the job overlapped a lot with what mayors do.
"I strongly believe that government should be limited and that it should be focused on helping those that need it the most," she said.
On the same day in 2019 that Marchant, the outgoing U.S. House member who Van Duyne replaced, announced he wouldn't seek another term in Congress, Van Duyne said she planned to run for the seat. She was recruited by House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy, R-California, to run for the slot and quickly amassed significant financial support in the crowded GOP primary.
Throughout her campaign, Van Duyne emphasized relatability, highlighting that she's a single mother. She recounted in a campaign ad how she battled with her health insurance company after it denied coverage for surgery for her newborn daughter. But she has also kept some of her signature confrontational style, often blasting national "socialist" Democrats on social media.
After the "conservative squad" appeared on "Fox & Friends" last year, Democratic U.S. Rep. Ilhan Omar said in a tweet that "imitation is the sincerest form of flattery."
Van Duyne responded: "Socialism is the severest form of treachery."
Socialism is the severest form of treachery. https://t.co/Z7B9FUsjmo
And Van Duyne — along with Texas GOP congressional candidates Wesley Hunt, August Pfluger, Tony Gonzales and Genevieve Collins — banded with U.S. Rep. Dan Crenshaw for an "Avengers"-style ad with a mission to "save Texas."
In the runup to Election Day, she took up the president's defense with a gusto, advocating for reopening schools and against further pandemic-related shutdowns. She also espoused pro-police policies, stoking fear about "violent criminals" and the decline of Texas cities in the face of protests over racial injustice.
"Make no mistake: There are gangs. We've got drug cartels that are doing business in our street. We've got sex trafficking," she told The Morning News. "Those aren't things we're just making up. This is real city crime."
Ahead of the crowded March primary, Trump endorsed her congressional bid.
Van Duyne "did Great things as Mayor of Irving, Texas, with my Administration. She is a Strong Conservative who supports Border Security, Loves our Military, Vets, and supports your #2A. Beth has my Full Endorsement for Congress!" Trump tweeted.
"She never gave in"
Even with a presidential endorsement up her sleeve, all signs pointed to Van Duyne's race being one of the most competitive in Texas. Democrats long argued Texas' status as a swing state. In the lead-up to Nov. 3, the elections handicapper Sabato's Crystal Ball argued the district leaned Democratic.
Van Duyne still won.
"She never gave in," Rinaldi said of Van Duyne's tenure as mayor. "She always stood her ground and had principles, and that will be her biggest asset in Congress."
Late last month, when Trump pardoned Flynn for lying to the FBI, Van Duyne thanked the outgoing president.
Whether Van Duyne will benefit in the next few years from her vigorous defense of Trump isn't immediately clear. Supporters are hopeful she'll bring her firebrand conservatism to the halls of Congress. Even her detractors are cautiously optimistic about her political future. Syed said he hopes Van Duyne will focus on her constituents' needs instead of ostracizing Muslim Americans.
"I personally believe she will — not because she has had a change of heart, but simply because she only won the election by less than 4,000 votes, and in such tight margins you really can't be openly demonizing another community if you hope to stay in Congress for the long term," Syed said.
If Twitter is any indication, Van Duyne may still position herself to become her party's antidote to the progressive Ocasio-Cortez, though she's remained mum on formal plans for a dueling squad.
In early December, Ocasio-Cortez wrote on Twitter, "Republicans like to make fun of the fact that I used to be a waitress, but we all know if they ever had to do a double they'd be the ones found crying in the walk-in fridge halfway through their first shift bc someone yelled at them for bringing seltzer when they wanted sparkling."
Van Duyne, also a former server, had a response.
"I used to work a double as a waitress then wake up at dawn to answer phones at a car dealership so you can bet I won't be the one crying in the fridge this session," Van Duyne wrote.
"And by the way, I prefer sparkling water — you can bring it to 1337 LHOB in January."
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