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IJERPH
10.3390/ijerph17020445
Shabbir, J.
Qazi, F.
Farooqui, W.
Ahmed, S.
Zehra, T.
Khurshid, Z.
Effect of Chinese Propolis as an Intracanal Medicament on Post-Operative Endodontic Pain: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Juzer Shabbir
1,2,* ,
Fazal Qazi
Waqas Farooqui
Shahbaz Ahmed
Tazeen Zehra
Zohaib Khurshid
5,*
Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Operative Dentistry Department, Karachi 75290, Pakistan
Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, Dr. Ishrat-ul-ibad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 72400, Pakistan
School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(2), 445; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020445
Received: 19 December 2019 / Revised: 6 January 2020 / Accepted: 7 January 2020 / Published: 9 January 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Diseases)
Propolis is a potent anti-microbial and natural anti-inflammatory by-product obtained from the beehive. Studies have demonstrated the superior biocompatibility and anti-microbial properties of propolis as compared to calcium hydroxide. However, its effect on postoperative endodontic pain is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of Chinese propolis paste as an intracanal medicament on postoperative endodontic pain intensities compared with calcium hydroxide (control) at different time intervals in necrotic teeth with periapical radiolucency. Eighty patients with single-rooted necrotic teeth with visible periapical radiolucency were recruited and randomly allocated to either the calcium hydroxide or propolis groups. After chemo-mechanical preparation and intracanal medicament insertion, patients were given the VAS (visual analogue scale) to record pain scores. Inter-group data were compared and analyzed using two-way repeated measure ANOVA (Bonferroni test). A p-value of < 0.025 was considered significant. In total, >78% of the patients experienced no or only mild post-operative pain in both the groups at all time intervals, without any significant difference in pain scores between the two groups (p > 0.025). An overall flare-up rate of 14.8% was found. The results suggest that either of these medicaments can be used as an inter-appointment medication for the prevention of postoperative pain in necrotic cases.
calcium hydroxide; propolis; postoperative pain; natural product; clinical trial
Pain is a common occurrence after endodontic treatment. Up to 40% of patients may experience some level of post-operative endodontic pain [1]. It is especially disturbing when the pain is initiated, or its intensity increases sharply after endodontic treatment. In the literature, such acute exacerbation of pain is coined a "flare-up" [2]. The rate of flare-up varies from 1.5% to 12.3% [3,4,5,6]. The etiology of postoperative pain is multifactorial and complex. It is related to iatrogenic and microbial factors. These factors cause irritation or injury to peri-radicular tissues. The extrusion of microbes and their byproducts from apical foramen during root canal preparation is the primary reason for the occurrence of severe post-instrumentation pain [7]. Therefore, to prevent such an undesirable situation, the operator should implement an effective anti-microbial strategy based on chemo-mechanical preparation along with the placement of inter-appointment intracanal medicaments, especially in infected cases.
Antimicrobial intracanal medicaments are considered as a method of disinfection of the root canal system [8]. In addition to antimicrobial effectiveness, the ideal intracanal medicament must possess an ability to prevent post-operative pain [9]. Calcium hydroxide is the most widely used anti-microbial intracanal medicament to which other medicaments are commonly compared to in the literature [10]. It has also been suggested that calcium hydroxide possess pain-relieving properties due to its antibacterial action and tissue-altering effects [11].
Recently, the focus of research has shifted towards finding natural alternatives to synthetic medications. Several natural products have been tested as intracanal medicaments for this purpose, namely: Liquorice extract, propolis, Morinda controflia, and the extract of Arctium lappa [12]. Propolis is a natural, biocompatible, and resinous byproduct, which has been used extensively as an organic medicine for managing oral and throat infection, dental caries, skin wounds, burns, leg ulcers, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, recurrent aphthous ulcers, warts, herpes labialis, herpes genitalis, wound healing, tissue regeneration, and as a diet supplement [13]. Moreover, studies suggest that it can be used to prevent and treat the cases of oral mucositis induced due to cancer therapy [14] and to control diabetes and obesity complications [15]. It is prepared from substances collected from different parts of plants and deposited into a beehive by honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) [13]. It possesses anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties due to the presence of flavonoids. Moreover, the anti-microbial properties of propolis have been proven to be superior to calcium hydroxide in vitro [16,17]. Similarly, two clinical studies have found propolis to be superior to calcium hydroxide when used as a direct pulp capping agent and as an intracanal irrigant [18,19].
The mechanism by which propolis induces its anti-inflammatory and analgesic action is through the suppression of the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response of key cells [20]. Because of the potent anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties, propolis was expected to reduce the occurrence and intensity of inter-appointment pain. Therefore, the aim of the current trial was to compare the effect of propolis (paste) with calcium hydroxide paste on postoperative endodontic pain intensity in necrotic teeth with periapical pathosis at different time intervals. The null hypothesis was that there would be no difference in the pain severity between the two medicament groups.
2. Materials and Methods
This study was a single-center, parallel-group, double-blind, randomized-controlled (1:1) clinical trial. It was structured and reported following the CONSORT statement. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (Ethics Committee) of Dow University of Health Sciences (ref no: IRB-847/DUHS/Approval/2017/52). The protocol of the study was registered at www.isrctn.com (Study ID: ISRCTN66816132) and the www.clinicaltrials.gov (Study Identifier: NCT03723980) database. The study was conducted from 16 November 2017 to 15 October 2018 in a secondary healthcare center, the out-patient department of operative dentistry/endodontics in Dow International Dental College, D.U.H.S, Karachi. All patients were informed about the trial in detail. Only those patients who signed the written informed consent form were included in the study. The primary outcome was defined as the mean pain score difference between the two groups at time intervals of 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post-operatively. The secondary outcome was the evaluation of the incidence of a flare-up (an increase of ≥20 pain score points from one time interval to the next time interval [4]) according to time intervals in both groups. PASS v11 software (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) was used to determine the sample size. For sample size estimation, pain scores of the calcium hydroxide group (2.42 ± 2.10) and creosote (1.12 ± 0.66) at 4 h was used from a previous study [21]. Two independent sample t tests were applied with 90% power of the test and a 95% confidence interval. The calculated minimum sample size was 52 (26 per group). To compensate for the expected drop out, the sample size was increased by 50%. Hence, the final sample size was 80 (40 in each group). The inclusion criteria consisted of: Patients aged 20 to 40 years having single-rooted necrotic teeth with symptomatic periapical periodontitis (pain score range = 1 to 100) and visible periapical widening or radiolucency. Exclusion criteria consisted of: Patients taking any medications that could have influenced pain perception, patients having painful conditions associated with more than one tooth, patients with the offending teeth having an unfavorable root morphology (open apex, severely curved, dilacerated, external or internal root resorption, severely sclerosed, and obliterated), patients with occlusal interferences related to the offending tooth, patients with medically compromised conditions (American Society of Anesthesiologists -III and above), patients with special communication needs, and patients allergic to bee pollen or honey products. A random sequence was generated online (www.random.org) using a simple randomization technique by an independent person. The allocation concealment was done by placing the sequence in a sealed envelope, which was then given to the dental assistant. The eligible patients were given serial numbers and assigned to the groups by the dental assistant according to the randomized sequence. The principal investigator, the patients, and the analyst (biostatistician) were blinded from the type of intracanal medicament used.
The teeth that did not respond to electric pulp testing (Electric pulp tester; Sybron endo, MI, USA) and cold sensibility test (Roeko ENDO-FROST cold spray; Coltene, Switzerland) were diagnosed as necrotic. The periapical diagnosis was made according to the Glossary of Endodontic Terms [2]. The healthy contralateral tooth was used as a control for sensibility and percussion tests. After confirming the eligibility, the affected tooth was anesthetized (with 2% lidocaine, 1.8 mL with 1:100,000 epinephrine. Medicaine Inj.) using the local infiltration technique (for maxillary teeth and mandibular anterior teeth) or inferior alveolar nerve block technique (for mandibular premolars), and isolated with a rubber dam. The dental caries was removed, and the pulp chamber was unroofed. The glide path was obtained with the help of an ISO stainless steel hand k-file #06, #08, and #10 number (Mani, Inc. Japan). The working length was taken with the help of an Apex locator (Dentaport ZX, J, Morita MFG CorpFushimi-ku, Kyoto, Japan) and confirmed with the periapical radiograph. The root canal preparation was carried out to #20 hand k-file (20/0.02 taper). Then, the Gates-Glidden burs were used to prepare the root canals coronally. The Rotary NiTi file system (Protaper universal; Dentsply Maillefer, Switzerland) was then used to prepare the root canals, with manufacturer's recommended torque (3.5 N) and speed (300 rpm). The root canal preparation was carried out in small increments and minimum apical pressure with every effort to avoid over-instrumentation. Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acitic Acid (EDTA) (GlydeFile prep, Dentsply Maillefer, Switzerland) was used for lubrication during the procedure. The files were withdrawn and cleaned of debris intermittently. Recapitulation with the initial hand k-file and copious irrigation in a slow passive manner with 3% NaOcl (Canasol, Magnum Dental AS, Estonia) was carried out after each file was used. All the canals were prepared up to file size F1 (20/0.07). Then, apical gauging was carried out with an ISO NiTi k-file 20/0.02. If the file fit snugly at the apex, the preparation was terminated; if it was loose, the preparation was continued with the next larger rotary file and apical gauging was repeated with the corresponding hand k-file (0.02 taper). Using this method, 26% of the canals were prepared until F1, 55% till F2 (25/0.08), and 16% till F3 (30/0.09). Only 1% of the canals were prepared until F4 (40/0.06) and F5 (50/0.05). When this protocol was followed, all the canals were found to have a satisfactory apical stop. After completion of the root canal preparation, the canals were flooded with 17% EDTA solution (MD-Cleanser, Meta Biomed, Korea) for 3 min to remove the smear layer. Then, a final rinse with 5 mL of saline solution was done, and the canals were dried with sterile paper points (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). The principal investigator was responsible for the diagnosis, selection of patients, and root canal preparation. An experienced endodontist, acting as a secondary operator, was responsible for inserting the intracanal medicaments and temporary filling. Before the start of the study, he was given training for two weeks in mixing and inserting intracanal medicaments inside the plastic blocks (root canal simulator).
With the help of the randomized sequence, the dental assistant informed the secondary operator about the type of medicaments (characterized as group I and group II) to be inserted. The medicament group I consisted of teeth in which the usual standard of care, calcium-hydroxide paste (Calcipulpe, Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France), was inserted. It consisted of 20% calcium hydroxide, barium sulphate, and excipients. Approximately, 100 to 150 mg of calcium hydroxide were dispensed to be inserted in the root canal of a single tooth. The same paste has been used in previous studies as an intracanal medicament [22]. The medicament group II consisted of teeth in which the experimental/interventional intracanal medicament, propolis paste, was inserted. The propolis paste was formed by mixing 200 mg of 95% propolis powder (common name: Bee glue, brand name: FMBP. Henan Fumei Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changge, China, reg no.: 411082100010933) with 0.3 mL of normal saline (1:1.5 wt./vol; Figure 1). A similar ratio of propolis and saline has been used by a previous study [23]. The type of propolis powder used in this study was "poplar type". Flavonoids identified by the manufacturer in the product were: Quercetin, galanga, and chrysin. These medicaments were inserted into the root canals with the help of lentulo-spirals (Dentsply Maillefer, Switzerland). Excess medicaments were wiped off with damp cotton wool, making sure that no medicament remained above the Cementoenamel Junction Sterile dry cotton wool was then placed in the pulp chamber, and the cavity was filled with temporary cement (Cavit. ESPE Dental AG, Seefeld, Germany) by the secondary operator.
Before dismissal, the patients were informed about, and given, the prescription of analgesics and the visual analogue scale (VAS). They were also educated regarding the adverse effects of codeine-containing medications and instructed to use these medications only if the OTC medicaments did not work. Patients self-recorded their pain intensity score on VAS pre-operatively, then at 4, 12, 24 (day 2), 48 (day 3), and 72 h (day 4). VAS consisted of a 100-mm line, with 0 indicating the absence of pain and 100 indicating the worst pain possible. The scale was further divided into 4 groups according to the severity of pain and requirement of analgesic: (1) 0 to 24 denoted as "no or only mild pain" with no requirement of analgesic; (2) 25 to 49 denoted as "moderate pain" requiring over-the-counter analgesic; (3) 50 to 74 denoted as "severe pain" requiring codeine-containing analgesic; and (4) 75 to 100 denoted as "extreme pain" with no medicine effective [4]. Patients were asked to record only the most intense pain experienced within the time period. For the guidance of patients, this criterion for the recording of pain was written on the VAS form. Additionally, the VAS scale did not contain identification of the medicament inserted, enforcing blinding of the principal investigator, who collected the VAS scales from the patients after 4 days. The VAS scales and the randomized sequence were given to the analyst (who was unaware about the type of medicaments registered for groups I and II) for analysis.
For data entry and analysis, IBM SPSS version 24 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was used. For analysis of the distribution of age and pre-operative pain scores between the groups, the Mann–Whitney U test was applied; for the distribution of genders, the Chi-square test was applied; and for the distribution of the type of teeth, the Fisher exact test was applied. For multiple comparisons of the mean pain scores between groups and between time points, two-way repeated measure ANOVA with Bonferroni test was employed. A p-value < 0.025 was considered as significant. Descriptive statistics were reported for a flare-up and pain intensity according to each group.
Analyses of the baseline characteristics revealed that both the study groups were homogenous in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, pre-operative pain status, and the type of teeth included in the study (p > 0.05, Table 1). There was an overall drop-out rate of 15% in the study. Therefore, the results of our study were based on 68/80 patients. The patient flow diagram is presented in Figure 2.
The difference in the mean pain scores between the two groups showed that patients in the propolis group had slightly more pain scores compared to the calcium hydroxide group at 12 h (−0.92), day 2 (−1.57), day 3 (−0.82), and day 4 (−0.72). Only at 4 h did the patients in the propolis group have lesser pain scores (2.96). However, the difference in pain scores between the groups was statistically non-significant at all the time intervals (p > 0.50) (Table 2). More than 78% of the patients in both groups experienced no or only mild pain (pain score = 0 to 24) throughout the follow-up period. Severe pain (pain score = 50 to 75) was experienced only by the patients in the calcium hydroxide group at 4 (9%) and 12 h (6%). In the control group, at 4 h, 12 % of the patients consumed OTC analgesics, and 9% consumed codeine-containing analgesics. At 12 h, 12% of the patients consumed OTC analgesics, and 6% consumed codeine-containing analgesics. At day 2 and 3, 6% and 3% of the patients consumed OTC analgesics, respectively. The remaining patients at these time intervals, and all the patients at day 4, did not consume any medication for pain relief. In the propolis group, at 4 h, 12 h, day 2, day 3, and day 4, 8.5%, 20%, 11%, 2.8%, and 5.7% of the patients consumed OTC analgesics. None of the patients in this group consumed codeine-containing analgesic, and the remaining patients did not consume any type of medication. To sum up, patients consumed oral analgesics only 9.6% of the times in the calcium hydroxide group and 9.7% of the time in the propolis group.
The acute increase of pain scores (flare-up) was evaluated for four days. Overall, the incidence of flare-up was found to be 14.8% (Table 3), with a slightly higher flare-up rate in the propolis group (17%) compared to the calcium hydroxide group (12%). The mean pain scores were observed to be decreasing continuously with time. Surprisingly, in the propolis group, the pain scores of the patients were observed to increase slightly at the 12-h period (−1.5), only to decrease again from the next time interval (5.2). The mean pain scores in both groups were plotted against time and are presented in Figure 3. The study's dataset was made available to be viewed on Mendeley dataset page [24].
In the literature, several methods have been described for the prevention of post-instrumentation pain. It includes the usage of the instrumentation technique that extrudes less debris, for instance, the crown-down technique with copious and frequent irrigation [25]; persistence of strict aseptic chain during all intracanal procedures [7]; anti-inflammatory drugs [26]; and intracanal medicaments [4,10,22]. Placing intracanal medicaments is one of the most conservative methods for reducing the microbial load and incidence of interappointment pain. In vitro studies regarding the anti-microbial [16,27,28], anti-inflammatory [29,30], and biocompatibility [31] properties along with other benefits of propolis due to its antioxidant effects have shown immense potential [32]. However, the effect of propolis on post-instrumentation pain was unknown.
In the present study, necrotic teeth with periapical pathosis were specifically chosen for the study because intracanal medicaments are highly recommended in such teeth [33]. Single-rooted teeth were selected in this study to minimize iatrogenic errors as they are relatively easier to treat. Cases with symptomatic periapical periodontitis, with the presence of any level of pain on percussion (pain score = 1 to 100) were chosen because of its increased potential to cause postoperative pain [34]. The limited age range (20–40) was selected to limit the difference in pain perception due to differing ages [35]. The root canal preparation was carried out in a crown-down manner to limit the extrusion of debris and irrigant solution from the apex [25]. VAS was used to record pain because it is secure, reliable, and a frequently used subjective pain tool for the measurement of pain [4,36].
Overall, there was a continuous reduction of inter-appointment pain as time elapsed. However, the inter-group comparison revealed that pain intensities did not significantly differ between the two groups at any time interval. This is because most of the patients (>78%) experienced no or only mild inter-appointment pain (pain score <25) in both the medicament groups at all time intervals, which is in accordance with the results of a previous study. Additionally, the previous study also reported an insignificant difference in post-operative pain between the different intracanal medicament groups. However, due to the low incidence of inter-appointment pain, the authors recommended the use of either of those medicaments routinely [10]. The current result accepted the null hypothesis of the study.
The flare-up rate varies widely in the literature due to differences in the variables studied, and the methods used to characterize flare-up [3,4,6,37]. In the present study, a definition proposed by Ehrmann et al. was used to identify flare-up because of its well-defined criteria. The overall incidence of flare-up was found to be 14.8%, which was lower than the flare-up rate reported by Ehrmann et al. (19%) using the same definition. However, most of the flare-up cases in their study belonged to the no-treatment control group [4]. Although there was an increase of 20 or more points on the VAS scale, most of these patients fell only in the moderate pain intensity group (pain score <50). Nine out of 10 flare-up patients experienced moderate pain for which they consumed over-the-counter oral analgesic for pain relief. According to the definition proposed by the American Association of Endodontists, a flare-up is an acute exacerbation of pain [2]. The aim of the current definition of flare-up used in the study was to detect such acute exacerbation by giving it a numerical value. All the cases of flare-up, severe pain, and most cases of moderate pain quality occurred within 24 h post-operatively, which is in accordance with the literature [4,5,11,22]. This may be due to the slow action of these medicaments [23]. Interestingly, all the patients who experienced severe pain belonged to the calcium hydroxide group. However, their numbers were low.
One possible limitation of this study was the absence of spontaneous pain. The presence of pre-operative spontaneous pain is a predictive factor for postoperative pain [38]. However, in completely necrotic teeth, such pain is technically not possible. Another limitation of our study was the absence of the no-treatment group, which could have shown the difference between medicaments and no-medicament groups.
Based on the findings, it can be concluded that there was no statistically significant difference in post-operative pain between calcium hydroxide and propolis groups. However, as the effect of propolis was observed to be similar to the calcium hydroxide group on postoperative endodontic pain without any adverse effects, it can be recommended for use as an intracanal medicament in necrotic cases. Additionally, in the future, a similar clinical trial is needed for a comparison of propolis with the no-treatment group, and other medicament groups.
Conceptualization, J.S., F.Q. and T.Z.; methodology, J.S., F.Q., Z.K. and S.A.; validation, J.S., F.Q. and Z.K.; formal analysis, W.F.; investigation, J.S.; resources, J.S.; data curation, J.S.; writing—original draft preparation, J.S., F.Q. and S.A.; writing—review and editing, Z.K., T.Z. and W.F.; visualization, T.Z.; supervision, F.Q., S.A., Z.K. and T.Z.; project administration, F.Q. and W.F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
This research received no external funding.
We thank Riaz Ahmed for acting as a secondary operator; Arshad Hasan, Nadeem Hafeez, and Farhan Raza Khan for scientific comments.
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
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Figure 1. Propolis powder and propolis paste. (a) Weighing of propolis powder on a digital spoon scale. A two-scoop-level of (glass ionomer powder dispensing) the plastic spoon corresponded to 200 mg of propolis powder. (b) Propolis was mixed with saline to form a paste.
Figure 2. CONSORT patient flow diagram.
Figure 3. Pain score trend according to time.
Table 1. Study sample characteristics.
Ca(OH)2 Group (n = 40)
Propolis Group (n = 40)
Age 33.6 ± 6.3 33.2 ± 6 0.74
Males 12 (30%) 18 (45%) 0.16
Females 28 (70%) 22 (55%)
Pre-operative percussion pain 13.1 ± 17.4 18.1 ± 12.4 0.23
Type of Teeth
Maxillary Anterior 16 (40%) 13 (32.5%) 0.21
Maxillary 1st Premolar 6 (15%) 14 (35%)
Mandibular Anterior 4 (10%) 2 (5%)
Mandibular Premolar 14 (35%) 11 (27.5%)
Table 2. The difference in the mean pain scores between groups.
Time Interval
Ca(OH)2 Group Mean ± SD (Min–Max) (n = 33)
Propolis Group Mean ± SD (Min–Max) (n = 35)
Mean Difference (p-Value)
4 h 11.8 ± 18.7 (0–70) 8.8 ± 11.1 (0–43) 2.96 (>0.505)
12 h 9.4 ± 16.7 (0–50) 10.3 ± 13.3 (0–49) −0.92 (>0.495)
Day 2 3.5 ± 7.7 (0–30) 5.1 ± 9.2 (0–30) −1.57 (>0.495)
Table 3. Incidence of flare-up.
Ca(OH)2 Group (%) (n = 33)
Propolis Group (%) (n = 35)
4 h 4 (12%) 1 (2.8%) 5 (7.4%)
12 h 0 4 (11%) 4 (5.9%)
Day 2 0 1 (2.8%) 1 (1.5%)
Day 3 0 0 0
Total 4 (12%) 6 (17%) 10 (14.8%)
Shabbir, J.; Qazi, F.; Farooqui, W.; Ahmed, S.; Zehra, T.; Khurshid, Z. Effect of Chinese Propolis as an Intracanal Medicament on Post-Operative Endodontic Pain: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 445. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020445
Shabbir J, Qazi F, Farooqui W, Ahmed S, Zehra T, Khurshid Z. Effect of Chinese Propolis as an Intracanal Medicament on Post-Operative Endodontic Pain: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(2):445. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020445
Shabbir, Juzer, Fazal Qazi, Waqas Farooqui, Shahbaz Ahmed, Tazeen Zehra, and Zohaib Khurshid. 2020. "Effect of Chinese Propolis as an Intracanal Medicament on Post-Operative Endodontic Pain: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2: 445. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020445
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, EISSN 1660-4601, Published by MDPI


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Why Apple's quiet romance with the enterprise is on, but still needs work
Apple has had a rocky journey with the enterprise. See why, how it has emerged as a new enterprise powerhouse, and the work it still needs to do to win over more businesses.
By Jason Hiner for Between the Lines | June 7, 2015 -- 22:00 GMT (15:00 PDT) | Topic: CXO
At different times in its history, Apple has shown mild disinterest for the enterprise, has actively courted the enterprise, and has looked down its nose at the enterprise. But today, while the company's marketing messages and its larger story are almost always centered around individual consumers, a huge chunk of the usage of its products is happening in organizations of all sizes throughout the planet.
And Apple has quietly embraced it -- even if it still has some work to do in making its products work better in business.
Apple in the Enterprise: A Strategic Guide
Once a pariah in the enterprise, Apple has quietly emerged as a darling of executives and professionals because of the ease of use of the iPhone and the iPad. We look at how the influx of Apple devices is changing the tech landscape in business.
The enterprise was the primary culprit behind Apple losing the personal computer wars of the 1980s. A lot more computer sales were going to businesses than consumers back then. And, the combination of IBM, Intel, and Microsoft made computers cheaper, better adapted them to the needs of businesses, and out-marketed Apple in the corporate space. That relegated the Apple II and later the Macintosh to education and a few niche uses in business.
The bottom line was that Apple didn't like selling to businesses, and wasn't very good at it. The company much preferred to sell direct to consumers. Steve Jobs explained why in a 2010 interview that I quoted in my article, What Steve Jobs hates about the enterprise:
"What I love about the consumer market, that I always hated about the enterprise market, is that we come up with a product, we try to tell everybody about it, and every person votes for themselves. They go 'yes' or 'no,' and if enough of them say 'yes,' we get to come to work tomorrow. That's how it works. It's really simple. With the enterprise market, it's not so simple. The people that use the products don't decide for themselves, and the people that make those decisions sometimes are confused. We love just trying to make the best products in the world for people and having them tell us by how they vote with their wallets whether we're on track or not."
That was just before the release of the iPad -- the product that would bring Apple into the enterprise with a bang. Professionals and business of all kinds wanted to use the iPad to replace laptops in meetings, save reams of paper by replacing huge reports with PDFs on iPads, use the Apple tablets as pop-up kiosks, put them in the hands of non-desk workers, as well as many other uses.
Apple quickly realized how large the appetite was for iPads in business and started to accommodate, allowing businesses to buy them in bulk and building better tools for deploying enterprise applications.
And now, as overall iPad sales have slowed, the company is reportedly preparing to go after even more enterprise iPad deployments, including the possibility of launching an iPad Pro or iPad Plus model that could feature a larger screen.
SEE: Apple WWDC 2015: What to expect
It was also fortunate that the iPhone, which was released three years before the iPad, had started to lay the groundwork for enterprise adoption -- even though it still trailed BlackBerry in enterprise adoption in 2010 (it would be the following year that iPhone eclipsed its old rival).
Interestingly enough, iPad adoption also opened the door for a lot more iPhones in the enterprise. Business demand for the iPad was so high and once companies figured out how to make it work with enterprise infrastructure and policies, they'd also done virtually everything they needed to support the iPhone as well.
Timing also worked in Apple's favor since 2010 was right when BlackBerry was finally running out of steam. Switching from BlackBerry to iPhone meant that companies could eliminate back-end BlackBerry Enterprise Servers and save money.
Nevertheless, the iPhone also laid the groundwork for the enterprise surge of the iPad. For the iPhone, the iPad, and now the Apple Watch, many of the early adopters have been business professionals and executives -- who then asked their IT departments to support the devices. In the case of the iPhone, it was supported as an add-on, an anomaly at first.
It's easy to forget that the first generation iPhone only sold about 7 million units. It wasn't until the second generation iPhone 3G that the product really took off. It was the addition of 3G and third party apps that get most of the credit for the boost, but there was also another huge factor at the time -- support for Microsoft Exchange email. That opened the door for a lot more people to get their work email on iPhone -- and thus use it to replace a BlackBerry or a Palm Treo or a Windows Mobile device.
By the time the iPhone 4 was released in 2010, 40% of iPhone sales were made to businesses. By 2014, Apple CEO Tim Cook reported that 97% of Fortune 500 companies used the iPhone and 98% used the iPad.
Also in 2014, Apple and IBM forged an alliance to bring enterprise apps in vertical industries to the iPhone and iPad. The deal involved Apple and IBM collaborating to create over 100 enterprise apps built exclusively for iPhone and iPad and targeting markets such as retail, healthcare, banking, transportation, telecommunications and insurance. Last week, Apple and IBM even released three Apple Watch apps aimed at specific verticals.
Since Cook is a former IBM and Compaq executive, it's no surprise that he has orchestrated a much more systematic approach to the enterprise, including building out an enterprise sales fleet.
The business and IT executives that ZDNet and TechRepublic talk to tell us that they like Apple solutions for three reasons:
The closed ecosystem is a good thing when it comes to security
The fact that there are fewer products in the product line makes them easier to manage
App makers know how to build for iOS
Nevertheless, as reported in our article Beauty and branding can only get you so far: What tech chiefs really think of Apple in the enterprise, Apple still has work to do. The CIOs we surveyed cited three barriers to wider deployments of Apple products:
High costs
Lack of integration with other business software
Limited set of management tools
For more on this topic, check out our join ZDNet/TechRepublic special feature Apple in the Enterprise: A Strategic Guide.
ZDNet's Monday Morning Opener is our opening salvo for the week in tech. As a global site, this editorial publishes on Monday at 8am AEST in Sydney, Australia, which is 6pm Eastern Time on Sunday in the US. It is written by a member of ZDNet's global editorial board, which is comprised of our lead editors across Asia, Australia, Europe, and the US.
Previously on Monday Morning Opener:
Enterprise startups: Is the fun about to end?
Can Windows 10 save the PC?
Three big questions the new Microsoft needs to answer
Two types of fear, or how to win in the next stage of the cloud
Apple Watch: When will it become a power tool for work?
Can Samsung resharpen its edge against the competition?
Microsoft and Apple are killing the password: Thumbs up to that
Wishlist for 2015: The solutions we need in business tech
Apple Digital Transformation Innovation Thought Leadership Tech Industry
More from Jason Hiner
Lessons from SoulPancake in empowering creativity in your employees
With everyone doing video, here's how SoulPancake diversified and monetized it
Gaming continues to be one of hottest segments in computers, and here's how Lenovo is tackling it
How Lenovo is making the popular ThinkPad X1 Carbon even better
Local firms increase representation among IT sector leaders in Brazil
Brazilian enterprise IT providers can be placed side-by-side with large international vendors; cloud drives sector growth.
AI set to replace humans in cybersecurity by 2030, says Trend Micro
In 2021 Trend Micro predicts that cybercriminals will look to home networks as a critical launch pad to compromising corporate IT and IoT networks.
Xayn introduces user-friendly and privacy-protecting web search
Currently, search engines deliver a profiled search experience or an unprofiled-but-private search. Now new privacy app Xayn combines privacy with preference-driven personalization ...
Pegasystems makes inroads in gender diversity in Brazil
Women represent half of all senior roles in Latin America.
The most important job in tech has just been filled, but not the way it was planned
With three new digital bosses, the UK government hopes to accelerate its digital transformation, but it is unclear how.
The CIO's biggest challenge? It's nothing to do with technology
CIOs need to rethink how they present themselves or they will be defined by others.
CES 2021 event report: What's hot and useful in the enterprise
Virtual CES kicks off the conference season for 2021.
Top cloud providers in 2021: AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud, hybrid, SaaS players
Cloud computing in 2021 has become the de facto choice of IT due to digital transformation shifts accelerated by remote work and the COVID-19 pandemic. Here's a look the cloud leaders ...
Elon Musk overtakes Jeff Bezos as world's richest person
Elon Musk shoots past space rival Jeff Bezos as the richest person thanks to Tesla's share price.

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Home » Blog » Podcast: Understanding and Preventing "Not In My Back Yard" Opposition
Podcast: Understanding and Preventing "Not In My Back Yard" Opposition
By The Psych Central Podcast
In this second installment of a two-part feature on NIMBYism, guest Steve Fields of The Progress Foundation shares his views and experiences in dealing with community opposition to facilities like The PEER Center, featured in the previous episode. In addition to offering his views on the Center's situation, he also shares his method for preventing community opposition before the opening of a facility. He also offers his opinions on why people are so afraid of such facilities, how to minimize or eliminate that fear, and reflects on the emotional impact of such opposition, which often can't help being interpreted as a personal attack.
Subscribe to Our Show!
And Remember to Review Us!
NIMBY Show Highlights:
"[It's about] fear and money – and righteousness doesn't make it work. It makes the services work, but not the politics." ~ Steve Fields
[4:00] The problem with "NIMBY" as a name.
[6:07] Steve's observations about The PEER Center's situation.
[8:42] How can a non-profit prevent NIMBY opposition?
[15:15] Why are people and communities so afraid?
[25:39] The emotional impact of NIMBY.
About Our Guest
Steve Fields, MPA, has served as the Executive Director of Progress Foundation, a non-profit mental health agency since 1969. Progress Foundation provides a range of residential treatment services as alternatives to institutional care for persons with severe mental disabilities in San Francisco, Sonoma and Napa counties in California. Mr. Fields has been involved in the development of social rehabilitation programs for over 40 years. Progress Foundation pioneered the development of acute residential alternatives to hospitalization, and opened the first social model residential treatment programs for geriatric clients in the country and the first social model residential treatment program for women and their children. Under the leadership of the Executive Director, Progress Foundation has also taken a lead role in developing supported housing for persons with disabilities.
About The Psych Central Show Hosts
Gabe Howard is an award-winning writer and speaker who lives with bipolar and anxiety disorders. In addition to hosting The Psych Central Show, Gabe is an associate editor for PsychCentral.com. He also runs an online Facebook community, The Positive Depression/Bipolar Happy Place, and invites you to join. To work with Gabe, please visit his website, gabehoward.com.
Vincent M. Wales is a former suicide prevention counselor who lives with persistent depressive disorder. In addition to co-hosting The Psych Central Show, Vincent is the author of several award-winning novels and the creator of costumed hero Dynamistress. Visit his websites at www.vincentmwales.com and www.dynamistress.com.
The Psych Central Podcast
The Psych Central Podcast is a weekly podcast hosted by Gabe Howard. New episodes are released every Thursday at 7 am and can be found at psychcentral.com/show or your favorite podcast player.
Central Podcast, T. (2018). Podcast: Understanding and Preventing "Not In My Back Yard" Opposition. Psych Central. Retrieved on July 18, 2019, from https://psychcentral.com/blog/podcast-undertanding-and-preventing-not-in-my-back-yard-opposition/


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Q: Opening Access report via .net working, but not working I am trying to open an access report through .net. I can open it in normal mode using Access.AcView.acViewNormal, but it's not what I want to do because that prompts the user to save the first and then it can be viewed. I want the report to pop up and it seems .acViewPreview or .acViewReport is what i should use, but it's not popping up.
It does open up a process and seems to be opening, but i can't see the report. Perhaps it's closing really fast. The following is the code I have currently
private void buttonResults_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Microsoft.Office.Interop.Access.Application oAccess = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Access.Application();
        oAccess.OpenCurrentDatabase("D:\\path.mdb",true);

        try
        {
            oAccess.DoCmd.OpenReport("rptChartData", Microsoft.Office.Interop.Access.AcView.acViewPreview);
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
        }
    }

What am i doing wrong?? Thanks in advance...

A: I don't know Dot Net.  I put this code in an Excel module and it created an Access instance and displayed my report.  The key seemed to be oAccess.Visible = True  Without setting Visible = True, Access opened (and remained open) with the report but was just not visible.
Dim strDbFullPath As String
Dim oAccess As Access.Application

strDbFullPath = "C:\Access\webforums\whiteboard2003.mdb"
Set oAccess = New Access.Application

oAccess.Visible = True
oAccess.OpenCurrentDatabase strDbFullPath, True
oAccess.DoCmd.OpenReport "rptFoo", acViewPreview

So I think this may not be a Dot Net issue, but standard behavior for an Access application instance.

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In order to select a fair and impartial jury, Judge Shaffer made a special request for 1,000 jurors. 400 responded. Many of the jurors could not serve in a four month trial due to hardship and were excused. One and a half weeks was spent engaging in voir dire (interview) of the remaining panel members. Twelve jurors and four alternates were selected. At the conclusion of the four month trial, two alternates remained and were excused. The remaining 12 jurors deliberated for nine days before reaching the verdict.


text:
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Michael Rawdon's webjournal
Iain M. Banks: Surface Detail
Surface Detail
by Iain M. Banks
TPB, Orbit, © 2010, 656 pp, ISBN 978-0-316-12341-9
The latest of Banks' Culture novels is also my favorite since Use of Weapons, as it's a good crunchy book with some interesting moral considerations and a lot of insight into how the Culture works.
The book opens by introducing the major characters, two of whom die in their first chapters (but, this being a Culture novel, that's merely a minor impediment). First, Lededje Y'breq is a slave, indentured the Joiler Veppers, the richest and most powerful man on the planet Sichult, consigned to that fate because of the failings of her father years before. (Veppers' point of view is also part of the book.) Second, Vatueil, a soldier in a war (about which more in a minute). Third (but least), Yime Nsokyi, an Culture agent of the arm of Contact called Quietus, which works with the electronically stored remnants of the dead. Last, Prin and Chay, a pair of aliens who have sent copies of their minds into their planet's simulated hell, where the minds of the dead whom their world have deemed worthy of eternal punishment are sent, their goal being to expose the truth of the existence of this hell to the rest of their world.
In fact the framework of Surface Detail is a virtual war (a war game, if you will) between two sides supporting and opposed to these electronic hells; the Culture opposes them, but for various reasons is not part of the actual conflict. Vatueil is, and his side has a difficult decision to make as the war progresses. Veppers is also contracting with one side in the war, which makes Lededje's existence interesting to various parties once people learn about her. Yime's role might seem the most important given her job, but she's actually a peripheral character to the plot overall. And while Prin and Chay don't contribute directly to the plot, their stories are the most emotionally powerful, as one of them executes the mission in the real world while the other is left to suffer in the hell they entered.
Surface Detail is full of moral conflicts. The war over the hells seems like a proxy for the moral conflicts of the modern day (abortion rights, for instance), in which each side is utterly convinced of the rightness of their cause, while still being a believable science fictional concept. Banks doesn't pretend to provide a balanced view, fair enough as this is a Culture novel and all of the characters are more-or-less aligned with its point of view on this matter. So the arguments in favor of the hells don't hold much water in this book. And Prin and Chay's experiences wholeheartedly support the Culture's point of view.
Other conflicts are muddier. Lededje naturally enough wants revenge on Veppers, but the Culture (1) doesn't hold dominion over Sichult, and (2) isn't about to get directly involved in someone else's desire for revenge. Of course, this being a Culture novel, there are deeper games going on here, and the Culture is perfectly happy to help transport Lededje back to her homeworld.
The best parts of the book involve two things: First, the insight we get into how the Culture works – people being revived after death, outsiders acclimating to life in the Culture, the degrees of personal freedom that people have in the Culture, and the nature of responsibilities in its post-scarcity civilization. And second, some of the crunchier high tech bits in the story, most notably the fast picket Falling Outside the Normal Moral Constraints, which transports Lededje back to Sichult. There are also some nifty remnants of a much older civilization lying around which cause some issues.
The various plot threads dance around each other, most of them not directly meeting, but all relating thematically. Although there's a rather nifty twist at the end which ties up some elements in a particularly satisfying manner. Although there are bits that seem superfluous (Yime's presence in the book, for instance) and could have been edited out, and the story builds slowly until really getting going in the final third, overall Surface Detail is a thought-provoking and engaging adventure – quite satisfying, especially considering that some of Banks' books leave me more baffled than entertained.
Why can't they all be like this one?
Author Michael RawdonPosted on 19 February 2012 Categories Reviews, Science Fiction & FantasyTags Iain M. Banks
5 thoughts on "Iain M. Banks: Surface Detail"
Subrata Sircar says:
The Player of Games and Use of Weapons continue to be two of my favorites.
Michael Rawdon says:
Yeah, those are the gold standard in the series for me, too. Surface Detail is probably next after them. Then it gets harder to rank them.
Actually Consider Phlebas is the hardest of them all, I found. The ortehs are very engaging, and there's no real need to read them in order. Try The Player of Games and or Use of Weapons. Note that Iain Banks with no M. is the same author writing non Culture novels with an occasional frisson of science fiction. Which leads to odd situations like people who eagerly read everything by one of the two names and little or nothing by the other.
Yoda says:
Regarding Iain M. Banks' novels and the ambiguities of the Culture as a sort of "computer-aided" anarchy / post-political regime, see also:
Yannick Rumpala, Artificial intelligences and political organization: an exploration based on the science fiction work of Iain M. Banks, Technology in Society, Volume 34, Issue 1, 2012, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160791X11000728
Graham Noble says:
None of his books come close, in my humble opinion, to giving a better picture of the Culture than Excession.
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Kep International School is an independent private day school in Kep Province, Cambodia. Established in 2013, our school provides a full-time educational program to 110 students from age three to sixth grade. Our qualified international and local teaching team represents seven nations and four continents.
Our international program is primarily taught in the English language by English speakers. All of our students additionally study Khmer language and literacy. We offer French and Chinese as language learning electives, depending on the program and the term.
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To Book An Appointment Call: (646) 870-7997
Dr. Gregory E. Lutz is Physiatrist‐In Chief Emeritus at Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) and a Professor of Clinical Rehabilitation Medicine at Weill Medical College of Cornell University. In addition, he is the Founder and Medical Director of Regenerative SportsCare Institute (RSI) in Manhattan. With over 25 years of clinical experience, Dr. Lutz is one of the world's leading experts in the field of regenerative sports medicine, specializing in intradiscal biologic injections and the non‐surgical management of spine and joint injuries. He has pioneered novel approaches to the treatment of degenerative disc disease and other musculoskeletal disorders, using regenerative procedures (platelet‐rich plasma, autologous cell, and fibrin injections) to successfully treat many injuries previously considered incurable.
Dr. Lutz has been named to New York Magazine's and Castle Connolly's "Top Doctors" lists for the past 15 years running. A graduate of Georgetown University School of Medicine, Dr. Lutz pursued his specialty training in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, before completing an Orthopedic Sports Medicine Fellowship at Hospital for Special Surgery. As a former Assistant Team Physician for the NY Mets and a Consulting Physician to the NHL's Players Association, Dr. Lutz has successfully treated professional athletes in the NBA, NFL, MLB, NHL, and ATP, in addition to business leaders, entertainers, and top‐performers of all kinds. He has been featured in NBC's The Today Show, The New York Times, The Huffington Post, Newsweek, Oprah Magazine, The New York Post, The New York Daily News, The Epoch Times, Orthopedics Today, and WNBC New York.
Currently, Dr. Lutz' research is focused on determining the clinical efficacy of advanced biologic treatments for degenerative disc disease and osteoarthritis of the hip and knee joints. He is regularly invited to lecture around the world to educate other physicians about novel techniques and research in the field of regenerative medicine.
America's Top Doctors, Castle Connolly, 2002-2020
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Rutgers New Jersey Medical School—Kessler Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
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The Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Foundation Award, American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2004
PASSOR Physiatric Association for Spine Sports and Occupational Rehabilitation Research Award, 2004
Margaret M. Kenrick Achievement Award in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 1988
Read More About Dr. Lutz
State Licensure, New York, New Jersey, and Florida
Certification, American Board of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Fellowship, Hospital for Special Surgery, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, NYC, 1993
Residency, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 1992
Internship, Maryland General Hospital, 1989
MD, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 1988
BA, Drew University, Magna Cum Laude, Phi Beta Kappa, 1984
Founder and Medical Director, Regenerative SportsCare Institute
Physiatrist-in-Chief Emeritus, Hospital for Special Surgery
Attending Physiatrist, Hospital for Special Surgery
Professor of Clinical Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
Board Member, Interventional Orthopedic Foundation
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← Lakefront Property for sale Oregon-Clean "Cabiny Cabin"–Just What You've Been Looking For!
Do you recall as a child how endless summers seemed to be? The countdown of days til summer officially began, the plans with friends and family—sleeping in, (or not) and having hours upon hours to play.
One of the summer delights that I experienced as a child and as a young person, was going to our cottage in the Thousand Islands on the St. Lawrence River, a tributary of Lake Erie between New York and Canada. You had to get on a boat as your transportation to get to Murray Isle, where our cottage was located, as there were no cars on the island; just homes, docks, a post office and a library!
My sister and I were 5th generation of family to own property on Murray Isle and it was pretty rustic summer living as a small child. We had an outhouse, no drinkable water and you had to bring everything that you planned to live on for the summer up the long pathway from the boat into our cottage, many many times. There was a pump house located 1/3 of the way around the island, and my younger sister and I would trek along the well-worn and rocky path to the pump house, hauling empty plastic gallon jugs to be filled with fresh potable water and brought back to the cottage. It was quite a feat lifting that heavy metal handle and pushing it up and down vigorously at least 10 times before any water would come out and quite tricky holding the gallon jug under it so that the fiercely cold water would end up IN the jug and not splashing all over your feet! Definitely a two-person job.
It was rustic, but the memories of learning how to put a worm on a hook while fishing with Dad, or being taught how to swim, start and run an outboard motorboat and get up on waterskis for the first time were small examples of the makings of lifetime memories that we shared as a family living on the water of the St. Lawrence in the summers. Sharing these simple summer routines made us feel closer as a family.
As an adult, I wanted to recapture those timeless memories. The yearning for an escape that was befitting of my childhood was hard to find, but never off my dream list.
Then I discovered Fishhawk Lake ten years ago. It had the same sweet woodsy smell that took me immediately back to the times I spent as a kid wandering along the well-worn paths both near the water as well as the meandering ones in the woods that took us to the other side of the island. The sounds traveling across from the other side of Fishhawk Lake reminded me of how well you can hear on water—everything from a dog barking to childish laughter while splashing around in the water a quarter of a mile away—a lesson I learned early on as to how sounds can be heard more easily across water than land.
There was the appreciation for a simpler life. People who all waved at each other, whether you knew them or not. Helping out a neighbor who might need a tool that wasn't in their own array of fix-it items. Playing games—such a big deal in a small community—gathering people together to laugh over cards or horseshoes, and always ALWAYS friendly. These are some of the similarities I have found at Fishhawk Lake.
Many people that I do business with in real estate who find their way here to Fishhawk Lake are trying to recapture those same or similar memories for themselves to share with their children, their relatives, their friends. Not everyone seeks this simplicity–this way back to a memory of endless summers filled with genuine joy of living and playing on water in a small community. It is something that they may not readily be able to describe to me, but something that I completely understand. It is a way to get back to the basic calm in life. To sit by water and take it IN. To hear the sounds it makes, to smell the delicious CLEAN of fresh air and fresh water…it is pristine, untouched, basic.
Many of us want to go back to our easy breezy childhoods when time seemed like FOREVER and you got to enjoy a summer without complication, and simply being a kid was easy to do.
As Labor Day came and went it gave me a moment to reflect on those endless summers and took me back to a time when you looked forward to going back to school, reconnecting with friends and sharing delicious moments of what you did on your summer vacation.
If you find yourself longing for a place to call "home" as vacation or full-time living, please call me and let me share Fishhawk Lake with you.
This entry was posted in family memories, Fulltime realtor, Lake Realtor, Living on a Lake in the Country, Photoblogs of Fishhawk Lake, Thoughts from a Fishhawk Lake Realtor and tagged Fishhawk Lake activities, kids' activities, lake fun, lake properties, resort community, things to do at Fishhawk Lake. Bookmark the permalink.
Gayle, this is wonderful. Your story brings back great memories of Murray Isle and your family.
My Fishhawk Lake ActiveRain site also has blogging material about living on a lake.
bookmarked to see new information on your website.
| Fishhawklakerealtor's Blog <Loved it!


Soul Serenade: Barbara Lynn, "You'll Lose a Good Thing"
In this column, I've written about everyone from superstars who ran numerous hits up the charts to one-hit wonders who only had that single moment in the sun. Then are those who broke out of the gate with their big hit and then never repeated that initial success. It has to be the most frustrating feeling of all. Such an artist is Barbara Lynn who, while she had other chart records and even some R&B hits, never managed to equal the enormous success of her first release.
Lynn was born in Beaumont, Texas and began her musical pursuits as a piano player before she switched to guitar. Surely a female, African-American, left-handed electric guitarist who wrote her own songs was a rare thing at the time. Lynn's influences were a mixture of blues artists like Jimmy Reed and pop purveyors like Elvis Presley and Brenda Lee. Lynn began her career playing in local clubs and her break came when singer Joe Barry caught her act and introduced her to producer Huey P. Meaux.
Meaux owned SugarHill Recording Studios in New Orleans along with a few record labels. But when it was time for Lynn to record her debut single she went to Cosimo Matassa's legendary J&M studio. The song that was chosen was one written by Lynn and Meaux called "You'll Lose a Good Thing." Among the session players was one Mac Rebennack AKA Dr. John. Jamie Records released the single in August 1962 and it shot up to the #1 spot on the Billboard R&B chart while also nudging into the Top 10 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Based on the success of her debut single, Lynn hit the road with some of the biggest stars of the day including James Brown, Al Green, Stevie Wonder, Ike & Tina Turner, and Marvin Gaye. There were appearances at the Apollo theater and on American Bandstand. Lynn continued to release singles for Jamie until 1966. Among them were "You're Gonna Need Me," "Oh! Baby (We Got A Good Thing Goin')," a Lynn-written song that was covered by the Rolling Stones, "Don't Spread it Around," and "It's Better to Have It." All of these titles were Top 40 R&B hits.
After leaving Jamie, Lynn signed with Meaux's Tribe label where she had another R&B chart hit with "You Left the Water Running." In 1967, Lynn signed with Atlantic Records. Dissatisfaction with the label together with the desire to raise her growing family led Lynn to mostly opt out of the music business in the 1970s although while living in Los Angeles during this time she did play a few club gigs and released one-off singles here and there.
In 1984, Lynn toured Japan where she recorded a live album. After her husband died, Lynn returned to Beaumont in and 1994 she recorded her first studio album in over 20 years. Several more albums followed most recently Blues & Soul Situation in 2004. Lynn received the Pioneer Award from the Rhythm and Blues Foundation in 1999.


Read this commentary about the VOCATION of John the Baptist. Do you believe that every child is called into being to carry out some great work of testimony to Jesus? If so, you will understand the importance of helping every child, every teen, every young adult discover and live the life God has called them to live. But this CALLING is not a stagnant thing that we can know once and for all. While we may discover the lifestyle to which we are called (marriage, family, Holy Orders, Religious Life, committed single life...) or a specific work to which we are called (medicine, teaching, care for the poor, care for mentally ill...) there is also a call to live each day in a specific way. One call leads to another - and what we were created to be unfolds over an entire lifetime as a mystery that is never exhausted.
How do I know what God created me to be? Who have I been called to serve? What faults and limits have I been given as a part of me? What strengths and gifts have I been given? How can I share both my strengths and my limitations in such a way that God may be known, loved, and honored by all who know me?
How does God love me? How do I love myself? Does this make me more able or less able to love others?


A DISTORTED, 'ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL' IDEAL... ."
"I had been searching for something to remove the blocks that have kept me from seeing what I need to see about myself and my life... . The practices and exercises you recommended have helped me make significant progress... . I love this - thank you!
"I was able to refocus my energies because I was doing something I love... and was able to QUIT A JOB I HATED in less than a month!
"... Since I started this work, I've changed my entire approach to life and business... I am happier, have less stress and am more fulfilled. These changes are the direct result of working with Mary Anne... ."
"... I had no idea things would happen so fast... and I am much happier."


This years event features an immunotherapy stream including CAR T, TIL and TCR Therapy tracks.
Efforts to design CAR, TCR and TILs with greater targeting precision, safety profiles and efficacy are leading to a new generation of improved products. The strategies for CAR T, TIL and TCR Therapy tracks at the PEGS Europe Summit will discuss engineering updates, clinical progress and streamlined manufacturing.
Dr Michael Sharpe will be discussing Safety Challenges of T-Cell Therapies: The Balance between Efficacy and Safety.


text:
package org.plantuml.idea.action;

import com.intellij.icons.AllIcons;
import org.plantuml.idea.plantuml.PlantUml;

/**
 * @author Henady Zakalusky
 */
public class ExternalOpenDiagramAsPNGAction extends ExternalOpenDiagramAction {

    public ExternalOpenDiagramAsPNGAction() {
        super("Open in external editor as PNG image", AllIcons.Actions.Export, PlantUml.ImageFormat.PNG);
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub