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Quiz: How well do you know Ronald Reagan?
How well do you know Ronald Reagan?
By: Scott Nordlund
Ronald Reagan knowledge quiz: Test your knowledge of the 40th president of the United States. From Hollywood actor to governor to president, see how much you remember about the legend and the man.
When was Ronald Reagan born?
Ronald Reagan was born on February 6, 1911. Reagan's father was a salesman and a storyteller, the grandson of Irish Catholic immigrants from County Tipperary, while his mother was of half Scottish and half English descent.
Where was Ronald Reagan born?
Tampico, Illinois
Ronald Reagan was born on February 6, 1911, in Tampico, Illinois. Tampico is located about 110 miles west of Chicago.
What was Ronald Reagan's middle name?
Ronald Reagan's middle name was Wilson. Reagan had one older brother, Neil (1908–1996).
What was Ronald Reagan's childhood nickname?
Ronald Reagan's father nicknamed him "Dutch" when he was a child. The name nickname was due to his "fat little Dutchman" appearance, and his "Dutchboy" haircut.
What was Ronald Reagan's first job?
paper boy
milk delivery boy
Ronald Reagan's first job was as a lifeguard at the Rock River in Lowell Park, near Dixon, Illinois, in 1927. Over a six-year period, Reagan reportedly performed 77 rescues as a lifeguard.
What did Ronald Reagan major in while in college at Eureka College in Illinois?
Ronald Reagan majored in Economics while at Eureka College, and he also studied sociology. He became a member of the Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity and he was a cheerleader. He graduated with a C average.
After college, Ronald Reagan worked as an announcer for what organization?
KYTFB local news
the college radio station
The Chicago Cubs
After college, Ronald Reagan drove to Iowa, where he landed a job as the baseball announcer for the Chicago Cubs. His specialty was creating play-by-play accounts of games, using as his source only basic descriptions that the station received by wire as the games were in progress.
While traveling with the Cubs in California, what life-changing decision did Reagan make?
He went bankrupt
He got married
He bought a majority stake in the team
He took a screen test
In 1937, while traveling with the Chicago Cubs, Reagan first took a movie screen test. That test led to a seven-year contract with Warner Bros. This was Reagan's "big break" into the movie industry.
What was Ronald Reagan's first screen credit?
"Hungry Hungry Hippos"
"Frost vs Nixon"
"Love is on the Air"
"Prestige"
Ronald Reagan's first screen credit was for the movie, "Love Is on the Air." The movie was released in 1937. By the end of 1939, he had already appeared in 19 films.
When did Ronald Reagan enlist in the Army Enlisted Reserve?
Ronald Reagan enlisted in the Army Enlisted Reserve on May 25, 1937. He completed 14 home study courses and then enlisted. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Officers Reserve Corps of the cavalry. Reagan was ordered to active duty for the first time on April 18, 1942. Due to his poor eyesight, he was classified for limited service only, which excluded him from serving overseas. Reagan never left the United States during the war.
When was Ronald Reagan elected to the Board of Directors of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG)?
Ronald Reagan was first elected to the Board of Directors of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) in 1941. At that time, he served as an alternate member. After World War II, he resumed service and became third vice-president in 1946. The adoption of conflict-of-interest bylaws in 1947 led the SAG president and six board members to resign; Reagan was nominated in a special election for the position of president and was subsequently elected.
During the late 1940s, Reagan provided what organization with names of actors that he believed to be Communist sympathizers?
Ronald Reagan, in his capacity as SAG president, provided the FBI with names of individuals that he believed were Communist sympathizers. He was a firm anti-Communist. He testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee on the subject as well.
What was the name of Ronald Reagan's first wife?
Martha Wood
Rebecca Hurston
Jane Wyman
Reagan and Wyman married on January 26, 1940, in Glendale, California. They had two biological children (one only lived one day) and adopted a third. Wyman filed for divorce after they disagreed about Reagan's political ambitions.
How did Ronald Reagan meet his second wife, Nancy Davis?
They met through friends
They worked together on a film
She approached him, In his capacity as SAG president, to help her with issues regarding her name appearing on a Communist blacklist in Hollywood.
They met at an industry party
Ronald Reagan met Nancy Davis in 1949 after she contacted him in his capacity as president of the Screen Actors Guild to help her with issues regarding her name appearing on a Communist blacklist in Hollywood. She had been mistaken for another Nancy Davis. They were engaged at Chasen's restaurant in Los Angeles and were married on March 4, 1952, at the Little Brown Church in the Valley. They had two children: Patti (born October 21, 1952) and Ronald "Ron" Jr. (born May 20, 1958).
How long were Nancy and Ronald Reagan married?
Nancy and Ronald Reagan were married from March 4, 1952, until his death on June 5, 2004. They were married for a total of 52 years. Their marriage was described as close, authentic, and intimate.
What pet name did Ronald Reagan often call his wife, Nancy?
Snookims
Ronald Reagan often called Nancy "Mommy" and she called him "Ronnie." They truly stuck by each other through thick and thin.
Reagan first registered as a Democrat. When did he move to the right and switch to Republican politics?
An FDR supporter, Reagan campaigned for Helen Gahagan Douglas in her fruitless 1950 Senate race against Richard Nixon and encouraged Dwight D. Eisenhower to run for President as a Democrat in 1952. By the time his party affiliation changed in 1962, Reagan's decision to cross over to the GOP didn't come as much of a surprise. "I didn't leave the Democratic Party," he famously said. "The party left me."
What was the title of the speech Reagan gave in his capacity as General Electric motivational speaker, that established his national political visibility?
A Time for Choosing
R-E-P-U-B-L-I-C NOW
Bye Bye Big Government
The A Time for Choosing speech was given on October 27, 1964. Reagan gained national attention in his speeches for conservative presidential contender Barry Goldwater in 1964. Speaking for Goldwater, Reagan stressed his belief in the importance of smaller government.
In late 1965, after the momentum of the Time for Choosing speech, Reagan announced his candidacy for what office?
Mayor of Los Angeles
Governor of California
President of the US
Ronald Reagan announced his candidacy for governor of California in late 1965, for the 1966 election. Reagan won the election. He was involved in several high-profile conflicts with protest movements of the era, including his public criticism of university administrators for tolerating student demonstrations at the University of California, Berkeley campus. He ultimately served two terms.
Reagan announced his candidacy for President of the United States in ________ and therefore took on ________ in the party nomination race.
1981; Bush
1966; Nixon
1976; Ford
1971; Carter
Ronald Reagan announced his candidacy in 1976 and took on the incumbent, President Gerald Ford, for the Republican Party's nomination. Reagan soon established himself as the conservative candidate with the support of like-minded organizations such as the American Conservative Union, which became key components of his political base, while President Ford was considered a more moderate Republican. Reagan ultimately lost the nomination.
Reagan ran against incumbent Jimmy Carter in the 1980 presidential election, during what hostage crisis?
The Iranian Hostage Crisis was a diplomatic standoff between Iran and the United States. The hostage situation lasted for 444 days, from November 4, 1979, to January 20, 1981. It was a major issue in the 1980 presidential election. Reagan ultimately won the election and weathered the storm.
When the US presidents are listed in chronological order, where does Ronald Reagan's name appear?
Ronald Reagan became the 40th US president on January 20, 1981. At the time, Reagan was the oldest person elected to the office, at age 69. In addition, he was the oldest president at the time of inauguration.
A lone gunman tried to assassinate Ronald Reagan in his first term, on what date?
Ronald Reagan survived this attack on March 30, 1981. He recovered and was released from the hospital on April 11, becoming the first serving U.S. president to survive being shot in an assassination attempt. The incident had great influence on Reagan's popularity; polls indicated his approval rating to be around 73%. Reagan believed that God spared his life so that he might go on to fulfill a greater purpose.
Who tried to kill Reagan?
Sirhan Sirhan
James Earl Ray
John Hinckley, Jr.
John Hinckley, Jr., attempted to kill President Reagan on March 30, 1981. Hinckley was declared insane and sent to St. Elizabeth's mental hospital in Washington, D.C. O'Neill, then-Democratic Speaker of the House, actually liked Reagan as a person.
Who was President Reagan's vice president?
George Bush was President Reagan's vice president. VP Bush once headed the CIA. He also served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas.
Reagan pushed through Congress what was then the biggest tax cut in American history. What was the overall percentage rate of tax reduction over three years?
President Reagan pushed through a percentage rate of tax reduction of 25%. President Reagan actually wanted a 30% cut, but compromised with Congress. Congress had been concerned about deficit spending.
Reagan was once quoted as saying: "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!" Which wall was he referring to?
Cheese Wall
Red Wall
Tehran Wall
Ronald Reagan gave a speech on June 12, 1987, at the Brandenburg Gate of the Berlin Wall. He said: "General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization: Come here to this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!" A large piece of the onetime Berlin Wall is exhibited outside Reagan's presidential library in California.
The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum is located where?
Maryland, Maine
The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum is located in Simi Valley, California. The street address, 40 Presidential Drive, is numbered in honor of Reagan's place as the 40th President. The site was dedicated on November 4, 1991.
Reagan announced a war on what in 1982?
Reagan announced a War on Drugs in 1982. The announcement came in response to concerns about the increasing crack cocaine epidemic. Although President Nixon had previously declared a war on drugs, Reagan advocated more militant policies, driven by his conservative stance. He promised to fight for drug-free schools and workplaces. He expanded drug treatment, law enforcement, drug interdiction efforts, and greater public awareness.
Reagan was diagnosed with what in August 1994?
In August 1994, at the age of 83, Reagan was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. After her husband's diagnosis and death, Nancy Reagan became a stem-cell research advocate, urging Congress and President George W. Bush to support federal funding for embryonic stem-cell research, something Bush opposed.
Reagan set a record in October 2001 - what was it?
Most popular president
Longest-living American president
Lowest presidential approval rating ever
Tallest president
Ronald Reagan held the record for the longest-living American president. The previous record was 90 years and 247 days, held by John Adams. Reagan was 93 years and 119 days when he died on June 5, 2004. President Gerald Ford beat his record when he died in 2007. He was 93 years and five months old, a mere month older than Reagan when he died.
Reagan died of pneumonia, complicated by Alzheimer's disease, on what date?
Ronald Reagan died on June 5, 2004. On June 9, Reagan's body was flown to Washington, D.C., where he became the tenth U.S. president to lie in state. Over a period of thirty-four hours, 104,684 people filed past the coffin
Which airport was renamed the Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport in his honor?
Dallas Airport
LA Airport
Cleveland Airport
Washington National Airport
On Reagan's 87th birthday, in 1998, the Washington National Airport was renamed Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. It was accomplished by a bill signed into law by President Bill Clinton, a Democrat.
Ronald Reagan was the first US President who was what?
A Democrat, then a Repulican
a Californian
an actor beforehand
Ronald Reagan was the first American president to be divorced. He and his first wife divorced after they disagreed about his political ambitions.
Ronald Reagan produced how many training films during World War II?
In 1942, the Army Air Force called Ronald Reagan for active duty. He ended up making more than 400 training films for the Army while serving at the 1st Motion Picture Unit in Culver City, California.
Do You Know All These Hippie Phrases?
Can You Identify These First Ladies From an Image?
Can You Identify Each US President From an Image?
How Much Do You Know About the History of Spain?
Identify These Monuments!
The Thirty Years' War Quiz
Can You Identify All of These European Monarchs From an Image?
Can You Match These Famous World Leaders To Their Countries?
Tell Us Your Opinions About These Mythological Figures and We'll Guess Which Goddess You Are
How Well Do You Remember These Events From The '70s?


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Partnership with the Parliament of Morocco: a positive assessment
After seven years of implementation of the partnership for democracy between the Parliament of Morocco and PACE, the he Political Affairs Committee has made a "positive assessment" of its results. More
A balance in dealing with foreign funding of Islam
Political Affairs Committee has urged Council of Europe states to "put an end" to any foreign funding of Islam which is used for the purpose of "national political expansion into other States under the guise of Islam". More
Rapporteurs welcome Belarus court decision to suspend and review death sentences
PACE rapporteurs Yves Cruchten and Andrea Rigoni, have welcomed the recent decision of the Supreme Court of Belarus to suspend and review the death sentences of two men while their appeals are pending. More
Rapporteurs condemn two recent executions in Belarus
Yves Cruchten, rapporteur on the abolition of the death penalty, and Andrea Rigoni former rapporteur on the situation in Belarus,have strongly condemned two recent executions which reportedly took place in secret in mid-May. More
London terror attack victim tells parliamentarians: 'I was treated with indifference'
The victim of a terror attack in London has told a parliamentary hearing in Athens about the difficult challenges he faced in the aftermath of the attack – and how he had hoped for greater support from the authorities. More
Committee calls for academic network to fight corruption
A committee calls on academics and scholars throughout the Council of Europe area to come together in a trans-national network to combat corruption, and encourage implementation of Council of Europe Conventions in this field. More

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This just-released online self-study course will teach you everything you need to know about the tax-related issues arising from the many provisions of the Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act. The changes are complicated and affect businesses and individuals alike. Be prepared to guide your clients through their options and best choices.
Enroll in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act for only $60.
Issues covered include: an Overview of the Act, American Health Benefit Exchanges, Premiums Assistance Credit, Shared Responsibility Payment (penalty for not being insured), Large Employer Excise Tax (penalty for not providing insurance to employees), Net Investment Income Tax (3.8% surtax), Additional Health Insurance Tax (.9% HI tax on higher-income taxpayers), Small Employer Cafeteria Plans, Small Business Health Insurance Credit, and much more. The course will also include an overview of the Act so that students can see how the various elements interact.
Accredited for CPE for NASBA CPAs, Enrolled Agents, IRS, and California CTEC Tax Preparers.


Federal Advisory Partners' approach to Strategy and Business Transformation combines industry standard strategic planning and process improvement methodologies with leading practices in change management. This allows us to not only identify the challenges, but to see them through to resolution.
Vision? Mission? Goals? Priorities? Strategic Objectives? Action planning?
There really is no one answer, and every organization or client can, and usually does, view their strategy differently - which is where we come in.
Federal Advisory Partners helps clients define their strategy using an iterative process and works with them to identify where they must focus (mission), in a given time frame (vision), how they intend to get there (goals and objectives), and the key initiatives that will govern the day-to-day work. We understand that strategic planning is founded an intimate understanding of operations, business environment, and organizational goals. Our dedicated approach brings these understandings together to map out where your organization needs to go – and ultimately help transport you there.
Change is never easy. When change involves a different way of doing work, requires new skills or knowledge, or a higher level of employee engagement – it usually requires a tailored approach to transformation.
In order to obtain the buy-in necessary to achieve the long-term benefits of a transformation effort, you need to engage, involve, and enable the workforce.
This is where an effective change management strategy will help achieve the results you planned. Many of us have heard about change management or organizational change, but struggle with its practical definition. Change Management (CM), like project management or financial management, is a professional discipline, rooted in science with a defined approach that is supported by processes, tools, and best practices. The purpose of CM is to develop a framework within organizations to engage and encourage personnel to embrace change.
CM requires time, money, and dedicated resources, but when executed correctly yields powerful results. Federal Advisory Partners knows that one theory does not fit all. Our CM approach is rooted in organizational and behavioral science and incorporates industry best practices including: Kotter, Kouzes, Prosci, Patterson-Conner Commitment Curve, and Georgetown University Change Management Advanced Practitioners.
The CM roadmap begins with clearly defining and articulating the need for the change, as well as the value and benefits to be achieved, ensuring executive support, and identifying what is needed to ensure the workforce is involved, engaged, and prepared for the change. Customized solutions build upon these core elements and allow Federal Advisory Partners to design a unique path that specifically meets any client challenge.


Lisa Yee has been an inventor, a hand model, and the creative director of Magic Pencil Studios, a strategic creative company. She's led brainstorming sessions for everyone from farmers to bankers, and Lisa's even been part of the Official Olympic Committee Torch Run Caravan (until the police requested that she leave). She has also been paid to eat chocolate.
But what Lisa likes doing most is writing. Her writing assignments have included labels for cans of refried beans and a speech for the President of the United States. Plus, she's penned her own newspaper entertainment column, written TV and radio commercials, menus that have been read by millions, jingles for waffles, and television specials for Disney.
With the publication of Millicent Min: Girl Genius, Lisa realized her lifelong dream of becoming an author. It was the winner of the prestigious Sid Fleishman Humor Award. Next, she published Stanford Wong Flunks Big-Time, which takes place during the same summer as Millicent Min, but from Stanford's point of view. It won the Chinese American Librarian Association Best Book of the Year Award and was named an ALA Notable Book. So Totally Emily Embers rounds out the trilogy.
Absolutely Maybe, was her first young adult title. "The book began with the title Charm School Dropout," says Lisa. "I was curious about what it would be like to be the goth-ish tomboy daughter of a diva-esque ex-beauty queen. But as I started writing, the story evolved and became more complex and deeper in scope than I had first anticipated. It also changed from a lighter, middle-grade novel to a darker, though still humorous, YA novel."
Her latest book is Bobby vs. Girls (Accidentally).
Lisa Yee lives in South Pasadena, California with her husband, Scott, and their two children, Benny and Kait.


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Restaurants and Criticism
Robert Petyon,
I was reminded the other day that Piece of Meat was named one of the 10 best new restaurants in the country by Food & Wine. That was awesome for the folks behind Piece of Meat, which is a place I like, and about which I have written.
But I have to admit I was puzzled by the choice, because while I really like Piece of Meat for what it is, it isn't in my top 10 restaurants to open in New Orleans in the last 12 months. Top 10 overall food-related venues in town? Sure, but there are restaurants I'd pick before it. Food & Wine writer Jordana Rothman disagrees, and she's the one writing for Food & Wine, so take my opinion with the weight it deserves.
But the fact that I disagree got me thinking about a discussion I had many years ago with a chef who lamented the fact that we don't have a real restaurant critic in New Orleans. He was right, we don't. New Orleans is too small and too parochial to have a true critic. I sure as hell don't claim to be one, and I don't envy the person who'd try to take on the job.
New Orleans is a very small town, and that's particularly true when it comes to the restaurant world. I had not been writing about food – as an amateur – for a year when I was recognized at a fine-dining restaurant by a chef whose work I greatly admired. I was stunned, but in retrospect why wouldn't restaurateurs be aware of the people writing about their businesses? Granted it was a much smaller world then both in terms of restaurants and food writers, but there is no such thing as anonymity in this town if you write about food, and certainly not if you do it professionally.
Which brings me back to the chef who complained – his point was that local food writers were uniformly positive about restaurants, making it difficult to distinguish between the great and the mediocre (I paraphrase). He was right.
This is also not intended as disparagement of the folks who are writing about food locally. I know most of them and consider them friends. They're excellent writers and certainly do not lack for integrity. I believe they sincerely mean every word they write, just as I do. But if anyone local has written a truly negative review of a restaurant in the last year or two, I'd be surprised.
There are a lot of restaurants that treat food writers like any other customer. There are some restaurants at which it's clear they're treating writers differently. The trick is figuring out those restaurants that don't let on they know a writer is in the house, but do.
Even trickier – what if the meal you have at a restaurant where you believe they've recognized you as a writer is outstanding? Do you mention your suspicion in a review and risk sounding like an arrogant, entitled jackass? What if you are an arrogant, entitled jackass? What then?
The way I look at it is that if I have a great meal at a restaurant it means the kitchen is capable of making great food, and more likely than not they're making that great food for everyone who comes in the door. Thus as long as I point out my limited experience, I feel comfortable praising a restaurant based on a single meal. Any restaurant can have an off night, though, so it's not fair to slam a place for a single bad meal. Because I am never assigned a specific restaurant to review/cover, I do not have to return to a restaurant at which I've had a bad meal. I am not called upon to write negative reviews as a result. This is a luxury the average food writer does not enjoy, as I understand it.
I would like to believe it is possible for someone to remain anonymous as a restaurant critic in New Orleans but I would also like to believe in Santa Claus. I don't see how either is possible. I'd love to be proven wrong, though, so if you've got a theory, plan or half-baked proposition let me know.
Categories: Haute Plates, Restaurants
Haute Plates
A weekly blog on the New Orleans fine dining scene
Robert D. Peyton was born at Ochsner Hospital and, apart from four years in Tennessee for college and three years in Baton Rouge for law school, has lived in New Orleans his entire life. He is a strong believer in the importance of food to our local culture and in the importance of our local food culture, generally. He has practiced law since 1994, and began writing about food on his website, www.appetites.us, in 1999. He mainly wrote about partying that year, obviously.
In 2006, New Orleans Magazine named Appetites the best food blog in New Orleans. The choice was made relatively easy due to the fact that Appetites was, at the time, the only food blog in New Orleans.
He began writing the Restaurant Insider column for New Orleans Magazine in 2007 and has been published in St. Charles Avenue, Louisiana Life and New Orleans Homes and Lifestyles magazines. He is the only person he knows personally who has been interviewed in GQ magazine, albeit for calling Alan Richman a nasty name. He is not proud of that, incidentally. (Yes, he is.)
Robert's maternal grandmother is responsible for his love of good food, and he has never since had fried chicken or homemade biscuits as good as hers. He developed his curiosity about restaurant cooking in part from the venerable PBS cooking show "Great Chefs" and has an extensive collection of cookbooks, many of which do not require coloring, and some of which have not been defaced.
Robert lives in Mid-City with his wife Eve and their three children, and is fond of receiving comments and emails. Please humor him.
More About Authenticity And Involving Blue Giant
Joe Burrow Should Eat Well
Poor Alton Brown
Culinary Questions and Answers
Would You Like A Pat-Down With Your Entrée?


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«Кервег» або «Кервегштадіон»() — багатофункціональний стадіон у місті Ейпен, Бельгія, домашня арена ФК «Ейпен».

Стадіон відкритий 1947 року. У 1969, 1974, 1993–1994, 2010 роках реконструйовувався та розширювався. Після реконструкції 2010 року був приведений до вимог Ліги Жупіле та УЄФА. Зокрема, було встановлено природний газон зі системою підігріву, нову систему освітлення, місця на чотирьох трибунах поділено на категорії, впорядковано підтрибунні приміщення. Місткість стадіону збільшена до 8 363 глядачів.

Посилання
 STADION AM KEHRWEG
 Kehrwegstadion
 Stadion

Стадіони Бельгії

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Diggers and Dealers was a great reminder that we all stand on the shoulders of those who went before us.
Last week at the conclusion of another wonderful Diggers and Dealers forum in Kalgoorlie, a colleague and I were fortunate to attend the Gala Dinner and Awards night.
There were many highlights, including the speeches by winners of the various awards.
The acceptance speech by Ron Sayers was pretty special and Ron used words like 'humbling' regularly. There was also a heavy focus on workplace culture as a key to his success.
As well as all of the outstanding and deserving awards winners, the night began with a tribute and toast to Diggers' director John Langford, who recently passed away. The theme of the tribute was one of John's contribution towards putting Diggers onto the national and then international stages, but with very little in the way of public recognition over more than 25 years.
My personal highlight also echoed these themes and that was the speech made by former Western Mining Corporation (WMC) Exploration Director, Dr Roy Woodall.
Roy was being inducted into the Kalgoorlie Boulder Walk of Fame. It recognises recipients for the contribution and significant impact their efforts have made for Kalgoorlie-Boulder, both nationally and internationally.
Roy is 87 years young and while very occasionally his voice faltered, his words were never anything other than piercingly clear in their intent: to remind us all that we stand on the shoulders of others.
Roy paid tribute to Sir Lindsay Clark, an Australian born and bred mining man and early WMC director, who brought money and ideas from London to help kickstart WMC's use of geology to target orebodies. Roy repeatedly credited "Mr Clark" and others with their technical, leadership and entrepreneurship skills, and in particular their faith in long-term investments and methods that would eventually lead to the discovery of ore bodies that were truly world-class.
He spent a little time dwelling on how during his tenure at WMC the company assessed, modelled and eventually commercialised the bauxite deposits in Western Australia's Darling Range, eventually leading to the creation of Alcoa Australia.
He told stories about the massive nickel sulphide finds at Kambalda, because he was there, but repeatedly referred to the contribution by others. He didn't even mention the discovery of the world-class copper and uranium deposits at Roxby Downs in South Australia, also found on his watch.
While listening to Roy's speech, I was reminded that more than thirty years earlier I was a young Mine Superintendent at the Vatukola gold mine in Fiji. At the time the mine was being operated in a joint venture between WMC and the mine's majority owner, the Emperor Gold Mining Company Ltd.
I was invited to a dinner one night in the grand Bure (or cabin) on the mine leases, hosted by the somewhat eccentric Managing Director of Emperor Gold Mines, Geoffrey Reid. Also attending were Hugh Morgan, WMC's Managing Director at the time, Roy Woodall and the local management team.
Despite what, for me, was an incredibly glamorous night, my overwhelming memory was of Roy asking me to tell him my story. I was probably 25 years old, knew next to nothing and, I guess, Roy was 56. I recounted how I came to Kambalda as a young boy with my Cornish miner father John Heather, on the 'ten pound pom' scheme.
This happened because WMC was scouring far and wide for experienced underground miners to exploit the rich Kambalda nickel deposits.
I doubt very much Roy would remember me that night, but I definitely remember him being chuffed that, in some small way, his work had contributed to the great chance in life that came to me, being born in Cornwall in a decaying area, to come to Australia and to now be working on this remote mining operation in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
Most of us get our start standing on the shoulders of others. It is humbling to remind ourselves of this from time to time. And while I am quite sure there are many others who contributed to the great success of WMC, for reminding me of the importance of crediting others and not getting ahead of yourself, Dr Roy Woodall AO, take a bow.


A shortage of calcium, magnesium, or potassium could affect your blood pressure and your overall health. Here's how to lower blood pressure using minerals.
If you're eating a heart healthy diet, you're probably doing okay on minerals. But if you eat too much processed and canned food — or are taking certain medications — a shortage of calcium, magnesium, or potassium could affect your blood pressure and your overall health.
Before you rush to take supplements, however, speak to a doctor. Supplements can do you harm as well as much good. To lower your blood pressure, the best approach is always to get your nutrients, including minerals, from your everyday diet.
Potassium. Most of us think that eating too much salt increases our chances of heart disease. Although many people overdo salt, the real problem is the balance of potassium with salt, according to a large study. Most Americans are short of potassium, largely because we don't eat enough vegetables. Potassium is plentiful in many foods that are generally good for your health, including avocados, spinach, sweet potatoes, kefir or yogurt, white beans, banana, acorn squash, and prunes or dried apricots.
Potassium helps the walls of your blood vessels relax and also helps conduct electrical signals throughout your body. Beyond eating more potassium-rich foods and cutting salt, you may need a supplement if you are taking a diuretic, sometimes called a "water pill," for example hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrix, HydorDiuril), which can push potassium out of the body in your urine. "At least a third of patients on diuretics for heart failure or high blood pressure or edema don't get enough potassium from their diets," says cardiologist Randall Zusman, MD, director of the Division of Hypertension at the Massachusetts General Hospital Heart Center. In those cases, we do use supplements. But don't do it on your own without talking to your doctor: both too much and too little potassium can make your heart beat irregular.
After the age of 51, both men and women need 4.7 grams of potassium a day and no more than 2.3 grams of sodium. You may have heard the recommendation to push salt levels lower, but that may not be desirable, according to a 2013 report from the Institute of Medicine.
Magnesium. We also need magnesium to lower blood pressure and blood sugar, and regulate muscle and nerve activity. Again, diuretics can leach magnesium from your body. And, again, most older Americans are short of magnesium, which is plentiful in many of the foods that contain potassium. Soaking in an Epsom salt bath also may increase the magnesium in your blood.
Calcium. Like potassium, this mineral affects how blood vessels tighten and relax, and a calcium deficiency can affect your blood pressure. However, don't load up on calcium supplements. More than half of women over 60 do take calcium supplements — many without talking to a doctor — in order to protect themselves against osteoporosis. They may actually be doing themselves harm: taking more than 1,400 mg a day in a supplement has been linked to death from heart disease, according to some research.
Instead, up the calcium in your diet (the same study that found a link between calcium supplements and heart disease said eating foods that contain calcium didn't have the same negative effect). The best known source of calcium is milk products. If you happen to have an allergy, lactose intolerance, or prefer to stay away from animal products, you can still meet your calcium needs with food: Kale, bok choy, almonds, and sardines all contain lots of this mineral.
For a whole host of reasons, Americans need to learn how to lower blood pressure. You need to eat more fruit and vegetables, legumes, nuts, and fish, and stay away from salty snacks and other processed foods that pile on the pounds but don't provide the nutrients you need. It's hard to believe that in a nation in which most of us have access to an abundance of food so many of us are undernourished — and, yet, it's common to be short on essential minerals. The remedy: Have yogurt for breakfast instead of an egg and cheese. Eat a spinach salad with a sprinkle of nuts — or a bean and kale soup — or sardines in a Nicoise-style salad for lunch or dinner. Have dried apricots instead of pretzels for a snack.
YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE: Is Sugar Worse for Your Blood Pressure than Salt?


PREBLE COUNTY — A Dayton man has been arrested on a preliminary charge of attempted murder for allegedly attacking two people, including his 88-year-old great-uncle in Preble County last Thursday.
Deputies found the victim beaten and bleeding with several bruises on Aug. 23 inside a home in the 8700 block of Germantown Road, south of West Alexandria, according to court documents.
The victim told deputies his great-nephew, identified as Jeffery R. Hardin Jr., 28, was responsible for the attack. Court documents said Hardin used his girlfriend's SUV to ram the garage of the home to force his way inside before attacking the man. Court documents allege Hardin said several times during the attack he was going to kill the victim.
Hardin left the home and claimed again he was going to return and kill his great-uncle, according to court documents.
Deputies said in the documents it was unknown if the victim would survive his injuries. However, the victim is still listed as a patient at Miami Valley Hospital in serious condition, according to a hospital spokesperson.
Hardin, who deputies said was intoxicated at the time, then took the SUV to a house about a mile away on East Factory Road. Hardin asked the resident there if he had a tire for the vehicle.
When the resident said he couldn't help Hardin, deputies said he punched the man in the face, pulled a gun from the victim's holster, fired two shots into the ground, and threw the gun back toward the victim.
Details of Hardin's arrest were not mentioned in court documents. However, jail records indicate he was arrested at the East Factory Road home.
Hardin is facing charges of attempted murder, felonious assault, assault, aggravated burglary, OVI, using weapons while intoxicated, and vandalism.
He was booked into the Preble County Jail.


در این مقاله، ابتدا با استفاده از مدلهای ابرکارایی با رویکرد تحلیل دریچهای، زیستکارایی کشورهای منتخب را محاسبه کرده، سپس، با استفاده از برآوردگر گشتاوری تعمیم‌یافته (GMM) وجود رابطه زیست‌محیطی کوزنتس را مورد بررسی قرار میدهیم. یافته‌ها نشان میدهد که در سالهای مورد مطالعه هند، ترکیه، مصر و ایران به ترتیب بالاترین کارایی زیستمحیطی را داشتهاند. همچنین، در طول سالهای مورد بررسی کارایی زیست‌محیطی ایران روندی کاهشی را نشان می‌دهد. منحنی زیست‌محیطی کوزنتس رابطه بین کارآیی زیست‌محیطی و درآمد ملی کشورهاست. در این پژوهش، کارآیی زیست‌محیطی برای چهار کشور در بازه زمانی 1991 تا 2007 را محاسبه کرده‌ایم. برآورد مدل پویا برای داده‌های تابلویی نشان می‌دهد که رابطه زیست‌محیطی کوزنتس بین کارآیی زیست‌محیطی و درآمد وجود ندارد. همچنین، این نتیجه به‌دست می‌آید که تعدیل به سمت تعادل در مورد نسبت ساخته شده کشورهای مورد بررسی، بسیار سریع است.
In this paper, we have calculated the environmental efficiency for India, Turkey, Egypt and Iran. The results show that Iran's environmental efficiency has experienced a decreasing trend from 1991 to 2007And India, Turkey, Egypt and Iran have the highest environmental efficiency, respectively. We also have investigated the environmental Kuznets curve for this period using data envelopment analysis and GMM models. Environmental Kuznets curve is the relationship between the environmental efficiency and the national income of a country. Estimation of dynamic models for the panel data does not show the Kuznets relationship between these factors. Moreover, they reached equilibrium very fast.
- سلیمی‌فر، مصطفی و دهنوی، جلال. (1388 ). مقایسه زیست‌محیطی کوزنتس در کشورهای عضو OECD و کشورهای در حال توسعه: تحلیل مبتنی بر داده‌های پانل. مجله دانش و توسعه، سال هفدهم، شماره 29. صص 162-180.
- فطرس، محمدحسن و نسرین دوست، میثم. (1388). بررسی رابطه آلودگی هوا آلودگی آب مصرف انرژی و رشد اقتصادی در ایران از سال 83 -1359. فصلنامه اقتصاد انرژی، شماره 21. صص 113-135.
- Andreoni, J. & Levinson. A. (2001). The Analytics of the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Journal of Public Economics, 80, pp. 269-286.
- Arellano, M. & Bond. S. (1991). Some Tests of Specification for Panel data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations. Review of Economic Studies 58: pp. 277–297.
- Arellano, M. & Bover, O. (1995). Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-Components Models. Journal of Econometrics 68: pp. 29–51.
- Arrow, K. Bolin, B. Costanza, R. Dasgupta, P. Folke, C. C. Holling, C. S. Jansson, B.O. Levin, S. Maler, K.-G. Perrings, C. & Pimental, D. (1995). Economic Growth, Carrying Capacity and the Environment. Science, 268, pp. 520-521.
- Asmild, M. Paradi, C. V. Aggarwall, V. & Schaffnit, C. (2004). Combining DEA Window Analysis with the Malmquist Index Approach in a Study of the Canadian Banking Industry. Journal of Productivity Analysis, Vol. 21, No.1, pp. 67-89.
- Ayres, R. U. (1995). Economic Growth: Politically Necessary but not Environmentally Friendly. Ecological Economics, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 97-99.
- Baltagi, B. H. (2008). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. Fourth Edition. New York: Wiley.
- Coelli, T. J. Prasada Rao, D. S. O'Donnell C. J. & Battese, G. E. (2005). An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis, Second Edition, Springer.
- Cooper, W. W. Seiford, L. M. & Tone, K. (2007). Data Envelopment Analysis: A Comprehensive Text with Models, Applications, References and DEA-solver Software, 2nd ed. Springer Science + Business Media, New York, NY.
- De Bruyn, S. M. (1997). Explaining the Environmental Kuznets Curve: Structural Change and International Agreements in Reducing Sulphur Emissions. Environment and Development Economics, Vol.2, No.4, pp. 485-503.
- Galeotti, M. Lanza, A. & Pauli, F. (2006). Reassessing the Environmental Kuznets Curves for CO2 Emissions: a Robustness Exercise. Ecological Economics, Vol.57, No.1, pp. 152-163.
- Halkos, G. E. & Tzeremes. N. G. (2009). Exploring the Existence of Kuznets Curve in Countries' Environmental Efficiency using DEA Window Analysis. Ecological Economics, Vol.68, No. 7, pp. 2168- 2176.
- Han, X. & Chatterjee, L. (1997). Impacts of Growth and Structural Change on CO2 Emissions of Developing Countries. World Development, Vol. 25, Issue 3, pp. 395-407.
- Heerink, N. Mulatu, A. & Bulte, E. (2001). Income Inequality and the Environment: Aggregation Bias in an Environmental Kuznets Curves. Ecological Economics, Vol.38, Issue 3. pp. 359-367.
- Jorgenson, A. K. (2006). Unequal Ecological Exchange and Environmental Degradation: a Theoretical Proposition and Cross-National Study of Deforestation, 1990-2000. Rural Sociology, Vol.71, No.4, pp. 685-712.
- Levin, A. Lin, C.F. & Chu, C. (2002). Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite- Sample Properties. Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 108, No.1, pp. 1-24.
- Lopez, R. (1994). The Environment as a Factor of Reduction: the Effects of Economic Growth and Trade Liberalization. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Vol.27, Issue 2. pp. 163-184.
- Luzzati, T. & Orsini. M. (2009). Investigating the Energy-Environmental Kuznets Curve. Energy Journal, Vol.34, No. 3, pp. 291-300.
- McConnell, K. E. (1997). Income and the Demand for Environmental Quality. Environment and Development Economics, Vol.2, Issue 4. pp. 383-399.
- Suri, V. & Chapma. D. (1998). Economic Growth, Trade and Energy: Implications for the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Ecological Economics, Vol.26, Issue 2, pp. 195-208.
- Taskin, F. & Zaim. O. (2000). Searching for a Kuznets Curve in Environmental Efficiency Using Kernel Estimations. Economics Letters, Vol. 68, Issue 2, pp. 217-223.
- Torras, M. & Boyce. J. K. (1998). Income, Inequality and Pollution: a Reassessment of the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Ecological economics, Vol.27, Issue 2, pp.147-160.
- Zaim, O. & Taskin. F. (2000). A Kuznets Curve in Environmental Efficiency: an Application on OECD Countries. Environmental and Resource Economics, Vol. 17, No.1, pp. 21- 36.


text:
Free Trade Agreements Should Promote Generic Competition, Speakers Say At WTO
The emphasis placed on the protection and enforcement of intellectual property for medicines in trade negotiations is ignoring the distorting effects of this emphasis, such as the lack of competition incentives which are key to reduce medicines prices, speakers on a panel of generic drug industries said at the World Trade Organization Public Forum last week.
The event, "Building Greater Inclusiveness into the Global Trading System for Medicines," was organised by the International Generic and Biosimilar Medicines Association (IGBA) on 28 September.
Access to medicines is a global preoccupation, said Jody Cox, vice president for federal and international affairs, Canadian Generic Pharmaceutical Association. It is an acute issue in developing countries, but also a growing concern in developed countries, she said.
Incentives are needed to spur competition, more work is needed in this area, including reducing entry barriers, she said, warning against trade agreements which include patent term extension, and calling for more balance in intellectual property protection.
TRIPS Should Be Basis, Not Floor
Nawel Rojkjaer, senior director for international affairs at Mylan Pharmaceuticals, said IP standards related to pharmaceutical patents do not affect only trade, they are a monopolistic measure and have a direct and immediate impact on patient access to medicines.
Patent holders in innovation-exporting countries view the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) as a floor, "which became a launch pad for many," in particular the United States Trade Representative to negotiate TRIPS-Plus provision in trade agreements. "In many instances, that push has gone too far," she said.
The US free trade agreement with Peru, Colombia, and Panama was reopened after civil society pushed back in the US Congress following conclusion of the agreement. That forced "for the first time in history the US to reopen a concluded trade agreement in order to roll back the extreme IP rights measures on pharmaceuticals," she said.
It is to be noted that in the TPP discussions, "resistance to USTR measures came not only and not even mainly from the developing countries, but from Australia and New-Zealand and Australia, developed countries who fought to preserve their ability to manage escalading healthcare costs against ever increasing IP rights," she explained.
The US is not alone is pushing for and meeting resistance, she said. The European Union has seen trade negotiations with India stalled over IP issues, she said.
"Today the generic industry supports IP rights, fair and balanced intellectual property measures," she said. "There is recognition that one-sided trade policies which seem only to promote IP rights standards without balancing measures to ensure competition or reasonable limits to reduce or eliminate gaming or evergreening, is simply not viable," according to Rojkjaer.
Stringent IP right provisions in trade agreements can prevent competition and delay the entry on the market of generics, and biosimilars medicines, she said. "From our perspective the starting point is the TRIPS agreement and all the flexibilities built in" the agreement, which should be the "true basis of negotiations," she added. Provisions going beyond TRIPS and preventing competition should no longer be included in free trade agreements any longer, she said.
She said the industry welcomes the report of the United Nations Secretary General High-Level Panel on Access to Medicines. However, IP rights measures, which are the main focus of the report, are only one aspect of the issue of access to medicines in trade, she said and the report "completely overlooked" the need to promote the trade-off and competition in pharmaceuticals.
Policy Levers to Encourage Competition
Terry Creighton, vice president, Global Policy, Teva Pharmaceuticals, said generic and biosimilar drugs are critical to sustainability. "Several policy levers can encourage generic and biosimilar companies to challenge patents," the result being lower costs for public drug programmes and affordable access to medicines.
Generic medicines ensure that patients can access the medications that they need but they also create more financial space for public health programmes to access new therapies, she said.
There are two key ways in which generic medicines provide savings to public health programmes, she said. The first one is lower prices created by generic to generic competition, she explained.
The generic market is completely different from the branded market, as it is a "hyper competitive" environment, she said. There are more and more entrants in the generic industry every year, competing on price, she said. When a patent expires in a mature market, there could be ten or more suppliers, she said. "The price erodes extremely quickly," she added.
The second way is when a generic or biosimilar company successfully challenges a patent, and comes to market ahead of patent expiry, according to Creighton.
The US is the most competitive generic market in spite of its high level of intellectual property protection, she said.
"This did not happen by accident," she said. "The Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 (Hatch-Waxman Amendments) was intended to balance and offset higher levels of IP protection, to encourage competition and provide market incentive against weak or frivolous patents, and prevent patent abuse, and the "result has been quite dramatic," she said.
The US has the highest level of generic penetration in the world, she said, as almost 90 percent of prescribed medicines are generics, she added. "The US experience provides an example as to why incentives for generics or biosimilars to challenge weak or invalid patents should be part of a balanced IPRs regime and therefore should be part of any trade discussions that include pharmaceutical regulations," she said.
Need to Include Regulatory Cooperation Initiatives
Sergio Napolitano, legal affairs and trade director at Medicines for Europe, said IP is only one of the elements of a bigger picture. Free trade agreements should include pro-competitive measures and some other aspects related to regulatory cooperation initiatives, he said.
"We are starting to see some positive elements included in trade agreements," he said, and the group's position in those negotiations can shift from defensive to a more positive one.
Including regulatory cooperation means that regulatory actors and regulatory agencies need to be included in the negotiations, he said.
There are two possible approaches to regulatory cooperation. One is bringing regulators at the table at the start of trade negotiations in particular between developed and developing countries, the other one is that free trade agreements and negotiations can focus on strengthening already ongoing regulatory cooperation initiatives.
The panel did not address the difference between generic medicines, which are identical to the branded version, and biosimilars medicines which are almost identical to the original biologic branded medicines, but not exactly the same. Biosimilars are very costly to develop and one of the open questions is whether developing countries will have the ability to enter the global market for biosimilars, and how to harmonise international regulations. (IPW, Public Health, 23 January 2015 and IPW, Public Health, 2 May 2016). According to the pharmaceutical industry, biosimilars prices cannot be reduced in the same way generic medicines prices are.
Image Credits: Catherine Saez
Catherine Saez may be reached at csaez@ip-watch.ch.
"Free Trade Agreements Should Promote Generic Competition, Speakers Say At WTO" by Intellectual Property Watch is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Filed Under: IP Policies, Language, Subscribers, Themes, Venues, English, Health & IP, Lobbying, Patents/Designs/Trade Secrets, Trademarks/Geographical Indications/Domains, WTO/TRIPS


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text:
Q: Android action bar tabs: screen rotation Hi I'm having problems with Action Bar and tabs using ABS. I have two tabs, the first one, "Favourites", just extends Fragment and does not show anything. The second one, "Lines", extends SherlockListFragment and implements LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks (loads a user list from the database).
The app works ok (or at least, I think so), but the problem appears when I rotate the screen. If I am in portrait mode with LinesTab selected (the list is displayed) and then change to landscape, the content of FavouritesTab (initially empty) is filled with the content of LinesTab.
This is the important part of the code.
Main.java (create both tabs)
public class Main extends SherlockFragmentActivity {
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    ActionBar actionBar = getSupportActionBar();
    actionBar.setNavigationMode(ActionBar.NAVIGATION_MODE_TABS);
    actionBar.setDisplayShowTitleEnabled(true);

    Tab tab = actionBar
            .newTab()
            .setText("Favourites")
            .setTabListener(new FavouritesTab());
    actionBar.addTab(tab);

    tab = actionBar
            .newTab()
            .setText("Lines")
            .setTabListener(new LinesTab());
    actionBar.addTab(tab);
    }
}

LinesTab.java (The tab that load users from database using a LoaderManager)
public class LinesTab extends SherlockListFragment implements ActionBar.TabListener,
    LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<ArrayList<User>> {
UserAdapter adapter;
Database db;

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    adapter = new UserAdapter(getActivity(), new ArrayList<User>());
    setListAdapter(adapter);
    getActivity().getSupportLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this);
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}

@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle state) {
    return super.onCreateView(inflater, container, state);
}

@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Bundle state) {
    super.onActivityCreated(state);
}

// TabListener callbacks
public void onTabSelected(ActionBar.Tab tab, FragmentTransaction ft) {
    ft.add(android.R.id.content, this, "LinesTabTag");
    ft.attach(this);
}

public void onTabUnselected(ActionBar.Tab tab, FragmentTransaction ft) {
    ft.detach(this);
}

public void onTabReselected(ActionBar.Tab tab, FragmentTransaction ft) {}

// LoaderCallbacks
@Override
public Loader<ArrayList<User>> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args) {
    db = new Database(getActivity());
    return new UserLoader(getActivity(), db);
}

@Override
public void onLoadFinished(Loader<ArrayList<User>> loader,
                           ArrayList<User> usuarios) {
    ((UserAdapter) getListAdapter()).update(usuarios);
    ((UserAdapter) getListAdapter()).notifyDataSetChanged();
}

@Override
public void onLoaderReset(Loader<ArrayList<User>> loader) {
    setListAdapter(null);
}
}

FavouritesTab.java (The other tab, does not show anything)
public class FavouritesTab extends Fragment implements ActionBar.TabListener {
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}

@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle state) {
    return super.onCreateView(inflater, container, state);
}

// TabListener callbacks
public void onTabSelected(ActionBar.Tab tab, FragmentTransaction ft) {
    ft.add(android.R.id.content, this, "LinesTabTag");
    ft.attach(this);
}

public void onTabUnselected(ActionBar.Tab tab, FragmentTransaction ft) {
    ft.detach(this);
}

public void onTabReselected(ActionBar.Tab tab, FragmentTransaction ft) {}
}

Furthermore, I'm not quite sure if all the code is implemented in the correct way. Specifically the onTabSelected method. In the Android documentation they implement a listener that manages all the fragments, but I'm implementing a listener in every fragment. So I don't know if ft.add and then ft.attach is the best way to implement the method.
Thanks.

A: Finally I've found the solution. I've implemented a general TabListener in Main.java and save the current tab index everytime the screen is rotated:
Main.java
public class Main extends SherlockFragmentActivity {
int pos = 0;

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    ActionBar actionBar = getSupportActionBar();
    actionBar.setNavigationMode(ActionBar.NAVIGATION_MODE_TABS);
    actionBar.setDisplayShowTitleEnabled(true);

    if (savedInstanceState != null) {
        // Restore the last tab position
        pos = savedInstanceState.getInt("pos");
    }

    Tab tab = actionBar
            .newTab()
            .setText("Favourites")
            .setTabListener(new TabListener<FavouritesTab>(this, "Favourites", FavouritesTab.class));
            //.setTabListener(new FavouritesTab());
    actionBar.addTab(tab);

    tab = actionBar
            .newTab()
            .setText("Lines")
            .setTabListener(new TabListener<LinesTab>(this, "LinesTab", LinesTab.class));
            //.setTabListener(new LinesTab());
    actionBar.addTab(tab);

    // Set the last tab position, or zero by default
    getSupportActionBar().setSelectedNavigationItem(pos);
}

@Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
    // Save the current tab position
    super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
    outState.putInt("pos", getSupportActionBar().getSelectedNavigationIndex());
}

// The TabListener
static class TabListener<T extends Fragment> implements ActionBar.TabListener {
    private Fragment mFragment;
    private SherlockFragmentActivity mActivity;
    private String mTag;
    private Class<T> mClass;

    public TabListener(SherlockFragmentActivity activity, String tag, Class<T> clz) {
        mActivity = activity;
        mTag = tag;
        mClass = clz;
    }

    public void onTabSelected(Tab tab, FragmentTransaction ft) {
        // Check if the fragment is already initialized
        if (mFragment == null) {
            // If not, instantiate and add it to the activity
            mFragment = Fragment.instantiate(mActivity, mClass.getName());
            ft.add(android.R.id.content, mFragment, mTag);
        } else {
            // If it exists, simply attach it on order to show it
            ft.attach(mFragment);
        }
    }

    public void onTabUnselected(Tab tab, FragmentTransaction ft) {
        if (mFragment != null) {
            ft.detach(mFragment);
        }
    }

    public void onTabReselected(Tab tab, FragmentTransaction ft) {}
}
}

I've removed the loader callbacks in LinesTab.java and FavouritesTab.java

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
LifestyleGo GreenShopping
Too Much Stuff? 6 Tips to a Happier, Sustainable Life
Malcolm Forbes is credited with the phrase, "He who has the most toys wins the game." According to a People magazine article written at the time of his death, his hobbies included the acquisition of wealth and "flaunting what it could buy."
His memorial service featured displays of his vast collection of art, including antique model boats, toy soldiers, and manuscripts. Forbes owned eight homes around the world including a private island, 2,200 paintings, a 151-foot yacht, and a Boeing 727. He also owned more Russian Imperial Faberge eggs than the Russian government. Since his death, Mr. Forbes' philosophy has been attacked by both preachers and pundits, some of whom cited the Bible's question: "What good will it be for a man if he gains the whole world, yet forfeits his soul?"
The Impact of Accumulating Stuff
Ironically, studies suggest that the pursuit of material possession makes us happier than its actual acquisition. Dr. Marsha L. Richins, a professor of marketing at the University of Missouri, says that materialistic consumers derive more pleasure from desiring products than from actually owning them. In his book "Stumbling on Happiness," psychologist Daniel Gilbert says that satisfaction and joy from owning an object quickly wanes, an effect psychologists call habituation and economists call "declining marginal utility."
Materialism – Socially Destructive and Self-Destructive
A series of studies published in the journal Motivation and Emotion in July 2013 indicates that as people acquire more, their sense of well-being diminishes. As they acquire less, it rises. Another study published in the December 2013 issue of the Journal of Consumer Research states that materialism fosters social isolation, and vice versa. The relationship creates a vicious cycle – the more lonely you feel, the more likely you are to seek possessions, even as a greater amount of possessions crowds out your relationships.
Accumulation of things for their own sake has at least three negative effects:
The Measure of Success. As a society, we tend to measure people by what they have, rather than what they do. Respect is often accorded to wealth, regardless of the means used to acquire that wealth. Newspapers and magazines are saturated with photographs of young men and women with expensive cars and mansions, yet in many cases these same people have run-ins with the law and exhibit questionable social judgment.
The Futile Pursuit of Happiness. The myth that possessions bring personal happiness has been perpetuated for centuries despite evidence that the opposite is likely more true. A 2011 study in The British Psychological Society suggests that while it may not be possible to buy happiness, you can buy relief from a low mood. Unfortunately, the boost is fleeting and often results in unhappiness, depression, and self-blame when the bill comes due. Like other addictions, acquiring objects can leave consumers feeling trapped in a difficult pattern that's sometimes impossible to break. Excessive shopping or the unwillingness to discard things was formally recognized as a mental disorder – hoarding disorder – by the American Psychiatric Association in 2013.
The Loss of Personal Freedom. Chuck Palahniuk, the author of "Fight Club," expressed the outcome of excessive possessions best: "The things you own end up owning you. It's only after you lose everything that you're free to do anything." Janis Joplin expressed a similar sentiment in her rendition of "Me and Bobby McGee" in 1971 when she sang, "Freedom's just another word for nothin' left to lose."
Societal Effect
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Americans have saved less than 3% of their household incomes since 2000, a rate well below other industrialized countries such as Canada, France, and Germany. This lack of savings is not attributable to insufficient disposable income since the annual median income for the past four years has exceeded $53,000. The deficit of savings is likely due instead to individuals' inability or an unwillingness to save, and electing to consume and acquire unnecessary and extravagant objects.
This predilection for nonessential acquisition leaves many Americans unprepared for retirement, forced or voluntary, so that a person aged 55 to 64 has only a median net worth of less than $75,000, no retirement assets, and only $5,000 in other financial assets to cover emergencies. As a consequence, the majority of Americans may be significantly dependent upon Social Security payments and Medicare, or the charity of family and friends. If later generations continue the same spending habits, a cycle of increased taxation to support higher costs of public assistance is likely, squeezing out funds for societal investments in education, infrastructure, and research.
Economic Effect
America's unique economic model of regulated free enterprise has produced inventions, innovations, and discoveries that have improved the lives of people around the world. Our need for excess is encouraged by a massive advertising industry which bombards us with images of luxury goods, characterizes us as consumers rather than people, and encourages the association between purchasing and status, objects and security. As early as 1901, the link between advertising and psychological manipulation was recognized in a statement appearing in Publicity: "The mere mention of psychological terms, habit, self, conception, discrimination, association, memory, imagination and perception, reason, emotion, instinct, and will, should create a flood of new thought that should appeal to every advanced consumer of advertising space."
Advertisers have learned their lessons well as evidenced by the change in grocery store inventory over the past 30 years. A typical supermarket in the United States in 1974 stocked 9,000 articles; in 1990, it carried more than 30,000, and a superstore can carry over 100,000 different items. Virtually every product has 5, 10, or even more alternatives, indistinguishable except for packaging, size, and price.
While some have questioned the logic of retaining an economic model focused on perpetual growth, it is difficult to imagine another economic system capable of producing wealth for so many. Our challenge in the future is to eliminate the most egregious consequences of our free enterprise system while expanding its benefits.
Ecological Effect
According to the EPA, since 1960, the solid trash disposal per person per day in the United States has exploded from 2.68 pounds to 4.43 pounds, generating more than 250 million tons per year. Incredibly, on average, people in the United States throw away their body weight in rubbish every month. By the end of this century, excluding changes in our habits, waste amounts are projected to triple, overwhelming recycling and disposal efforts.
Evidence of our waste abounds across the world: Plastic clogs oceans and rivers, garbage incinerators fill the skies with ash and other pollutants, and municipalities are forced to transport refuse to foreign sites past overused landfills. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch was discovered in 1997 and has been estimated to occupy up to seven million square miles of ocean – twice the area of the continental United States.
According to the Center of Ecoliteracy, if everyone lived like the average American, we would need at least five Earths. Natural resources are under increasing pressure as populations in China and India reach middle class status and emulate the consumption patterns of Americans. Fraser Thompson, senior fellow at the McKinsey Global Institute, suggests solutions that could ameliorate the potential disaster – new technologies, substitute materials, and greater investment in supply – but they require sustained worldwide investments of about $3 trillion per year, or about double the present investment.
Reaching Balance
Considering the current situation, what can individuals do to get off the treadmill of accumulation without harming the economic engine? The solution is simple and easy to follow.
1. Distinguish Status From Possessions
Status and respect come as a result of who you are and what you do, not what you own. Someone always has a bigger house, a faster car, and more toys. While greed is a powerful emotion, it can be controlled with knowledge and effort. Happiness and the number of possessions you own are not correlative.
2. Invest, Don't Ingest, Your Disposable Income
Too much of a good thing can have deleterious effects. For example, overeating (even healthy foods) causes weight gain that affects your appearance and your health. Similarly, possessions carry the burden of ownership, with more storage space and more maintenance required. If you save and invest your income to provide a comfortable living standard, the psychological benefits of knowing you have a financial reserve outweigh the momentary pleasures of acquisition.
3. Buy Experiences, Not Objects
As early as 2005, scientists were recommending that wealthy people buy less and spend more on experiences – vacations, classes, meals – that require fewer resources. Short-term feelings rarely last and you are more likely to second-guess what you could have purchased instead of being satisfied with what you bought.
According to Cornell Professor Thomas Gilovich, coauthor of a study comparing material and experience purchasing, "Your experiences are inherently less comparative, they're less subject to and less undermined by invidious social comparisons." Gilovich uses the example of consumers buying new flat-panel TVs which they enjoy until they discover neighbors who have purchased bigger sets with clearer pictures for less money. On the other hand, experiences create happy memories that can be recalled again and again without a diminution of pleasure.
4. Buy and Hold
Buying good things and holding onto them for a long time is generally less expensive than constantly purchasing lesser quality for lower prices. We often replace things because we are tired of them, not because they have lost utility. Consider the clothing in your closet that is no longer worn, not because it is no longer useable or doesn't fit, but because we think it is out of style.
5. Distinguish Between Features and Benefits
Manufacturers and advertisers are constantly promoting new capabilities for their products and services, many of which are minor additions or improvements. A "feature" is a quantifiable characteristic of a product or service – a "benefit" is whether it is useful to you. Consider cable television companies that advertise over 200 channels in a premium package – that is a feature. It is only a benefit if you watch all 200 channels.
6. Enjoy or Destroy
When you buy or replace an object, consider disposing of the old object by giving it away, selling it, or recycling it. Keeping old, unused items requires excessive space and protection costs, and, according to an article in WebMD, can drain and frustrate you while making it difficult to get things done. Too much clutter can be a mental hazard, as well as a fire hazard.
Americans have a tendency to be over-prepared for every contingency, no matter how remote. Reducing the stuff in your life, cutting down on purchases, and increasing your savings gives you peace of mind and can help preserve our way of life for future generations.
How much stuff do you own? How much of it do you use regularly, occasionally, or not at all?
Michael R. Lewis is a retired corporate executive and entrepreneur. During his 40+ year career, Lewis created and sold ten different companies ranging from oil exploration to healthcare software. He has also been a Registered Investment Adviser with the SEC, a Principal of one of the larger management consulting firms in the country, and a Senior Vice President of the largest not-for-profit health insurer in the United States. Mike's articles on personal investments, business management, and the economy are available on several online publications. He's a father and grandfather, who also writes non-fiction and biographical pieces about growing up in the plains of West Texas - including The Storm.


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A Boeing Co. F/A-18E Super Hornet aircraft, left, sits on the flight line at the Naval Air Station (NAS) Oceana in Virginia Beach, Virginia, June 19, 2014.
Navy officials say a female sailor was wounded in a "domestic" shooting in a Virginia base parking lot and security fatally shot the shooter, a male sailor.
Navy mid-Atlantic region officials said in a statement that the shooting took place early Friday morning in a Strike Fighter Squadron 37 hangar parking lot at Naval Air Station Oceana in Virginia Beach.
Officials say security responded to the shooting and fatally shot the male sailor. They say the female sailor was taken to a hospital with multiple gunshot wounds that aren't thought to be life-threatening.
The shooting happened at 6:45 a.m. and "the situation was resolved" within five minutes, the Naval Air Station said on its Facebook page.
The station, the Navy's master jet base for fighters on the East Coast, had tweeted at 7:18 a.m. that it was on lockdown, saying "this is not a drill." It announced the lockdown was lifted about an hour later.
Officials say normal base operations have resumed. Naval Air Station Oceana is home to 18 F/A-18 Hornet and Super Hornet squadrons. The base has about 10,500 active Navy personnel, 10,000 family members and 4,500 civilian personnel, according to its website.
Officials say the base has a "no weapons policy" and the shooting is under investigation.
ATTN: NAS Oceana lockdown has been lifted.
NAS OCEANA experienced an Active Shooter incident. The shooter has been contained. The victim has been transported to the hospital. More information to follow.
ATTN: This is not a drill. NAS Oceana is currently in lockdown due to a security incident. This is not a drill.
NAS Oceana is under lockdown. All gates are closed, no base access at this time. There is currently a security situation according to Oceana PAO.


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In Cinemas. Friday, January 9, 2015 — Inherent Vice, Selma, Taken 3, and the deal with my Best of 2014 list
I've been totally procrastinating releasing my Best of 2014 list, but I feel like I have a decent excuse: I live in Halifax. Many of the movies I've seen shown up on the lists of movie writers living elsewhere have yet to open here. These are movies that were released last year but are released in stages around North America.
The good news is this weekend two big ones are showing up.
The first is Inherent Vice,a new period dramedy from Paul Thomas Anderson, one of the the great American directors working today. He has yet to deliver a dud. Who else has consistently made films of this quality in the past 15 years? I'm talking about The Master, There Will Be Blood, Punch Drunk Love, Magnolia, Boogie Nights, and Hard Eight.
This new one stars Joaquin Phoenix and is an adaptation of a Thomas Pynchon novel. I don't know too much more about the movie, and frankly, I don't want to. I wanna go in as tabula rasa as possible. From the trailer there's definitely a sense of a detective story, a play on hard boiled noir through a 70s prism. Maybe a dash of The Big Lebowski? Whatever. I'm psyched.
The second is Selma, from filmmaker Ava DuVernay. It recounts the 1965 Selma-to- Montgomery, Alabama voting rights march, a watershed moment in the civil rights movement in the United States. Martin Luther King is portrayed by British actor David Oyelowo, with Tim Roth, Cuba Gooding Jr, Giovanni Ribisi, Martin Sheen, Tom Wilkinson and Oprah Winfrey in key roles.
Feels like this is a good moment for this movie to come out, a reminder of the struggles of African Americans a little less than 50 years ago to achieve equality with whites, a struggle that continues today. It wasn't long ago at all.
Rotten Tomatoes currently has the film at 100%, which is very unusual. It means one of two things: it's a truly extraordinary piece of work or some critics are anxious about giving a film with such a timely and important historical message any kind of grief. Either way, I look forward to seeing it.
Also opening is the third of the popular Liam Neeson action franchise, Taken 3.
I'll be previewing my 2014 list on CTV Morning Live on Friday. Tune in at 8:40am (or check out my link online later in the day) and I'll offer 10 of my favourite movies from 2014, which will be a partial list. Once I've seen Inherent Vice and Selma, I'll sew it up and publish the final version here, probably later this coming weekend, hopefully before the Golden Globes on Sunday night.
There may still be a few 2014 releases opening in the weeks to come, like American Sniper, but I really have to get this thing done and off my desk.
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