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Sharp & the environment
It's Sharp's goal to create a truly ubiquitous, environmentally-conscious society.
Sharp_2_Green_0310[1].pdf
CBS Explores Sharp Security
SBS Guam, Inc.
Authorized Service Dealer
155 E.T. Calvo Memorial Pkwy
Tamuning, GU 96913
Sharp Awards
Remote Quick Support
SBS Guam, Inc. (Windows version)
SBS Guam, Inc. (MAC version)
Millenniat - Write Once, Read Forever™
The M-DISC™ is the first ever permanent file backup disc that lasts, well, forever.
Being able to store content reliably for a long time is very difficult. Flash memory products are too short lived. CD-R and DVD-R begin to degrade the day they are made. Magnetic tapes and disks are very susceptible to magnetic fields. All of the above are sensitive to heat, light and humidity.
A new technology is available now in Guam, CNMI, and Micronesia. A technology that is is almost invulnerable to the conditions that cause conventional media to fail. One that can be used with almost any modern digital information system. One that can truthfully be called 'archival grade'.
We would like to introduce you to the Millenniata™ Solution - the new standard in digital storage.
Copy Machines, a Security Risk?
This year marks the 50th anniversary of the good, old-fashioned copy machine. But, as Armen Keteyian reports, advanced technology has opened a dangerous hole in data security.
(CBS) At a warehouse in New Jersey, 6,000 used copy machines sit ready to be sold. CBS News chief investigative correspondent Armen Keteyian reports almost every one of them holds a secret.
Nearly every digital copier built since 2002 contains a hard drive - like the one on your personal computer - storing an image of every document copied, scanned, or emailed by the machine.
In the process, it's turned an office staple into a digital time-bomb packed with highly-personal or sensitive data.
If you're in the identity theft business it seems this would be a pot of gold.
"The type of information we see on these machines with the social security numbers, birth certificates, bank records, income tax forms," John Juntunen said, "that information would be very valuable."
Buffalo Reacts to CBS News Investigation
Juntunen's Sacramento-based company Digital Copier Securitydeveloped software called "INFOSWEEP" that can scrub all the data on hard drives. He's been trying to warn people about the potential risk - with no luck.
"Nobody wants to step up and say, 'we see the problem, and we need to solve it,'" Juntunen said.
This past February, CBS News went with Juntunen to a warehouse in New Jersey, one of 25 across the country, to see how hard it would be to buy a used copier loaded with documents. It turns out ... it's pretty easy.
Juntunen picked four machines based on price and the number of pages printed. In less than two hours his selections were packed and loaded onto a truck. The cost? About $300 each.
Until we unpacked and plugged them in, we had no idea where the copiers came from or what we'd find.
We didn't even have to wait for the first one to warm up. One of the copiers had documents still on the copier glass, from the Buffalo, N.Y., Police Sex Crimes Division.
It took Juntunen just 30 minutes to pull the hard drives out of the copiers. Then, using a forensic software program available for free on the Internet, he ran a scan - downloading tens of thousands of documents in less than 12 hours.
The results were stunning: from the sex crimes unit there were detailed domestic violence complaints and a list of wanted sex offenders. On a second machine from the Buffalo Police Narcotics Unit we found a list of targets in a major drug raid.
The third machine, from a New York construction company, spit out design plans for a building near Ground Zero in Manhattan; 95 pages of pay stubs with names, addresses and social security numbers; and $40,000 in copied checks.
But it wasn't until hitting "print" on the fourth machine - from Affinity Health Plan, a New York insurance company, that we obtained the most disturbing documents: 300 pages of individual medical records. They included everything from drug prescriptions, to blood test results, to a cancer diagnosis. A potentially serious breach of federal privacy law.
"You're talking about potentially ruining someone's life," said Ira Winkler. "Where they could suffer serious social repercussions."
Winkler is a former analyst for the National Security Agency and a leading expert on digital security.
"You have to take some basic responsibility and know that these copiers are actually computers that need to be cleaned up," Winkler said.
The Buffalo Police Department and the New York construction company declined comment on our story. As for Affinity Health Plan, they issued a statement that said, in part, "we are taking the necessary steps to ensure that none of our customers' personal information remains on other previously leased copiers, and that no personal information will be released inadvertently in the future."
Ed McLaughlin is President of Sharp Imaging, the digital copier company.
"Has the industry failed, in your mind, to inform the general public of the potential risks involved with a copier?" Keteyian asked.
"Yes, in general, the industry has failed," McLaughlin said.
In 2008, Sharp commissioned a survey on copier security that found 60 percent of Americans "don't know" that copiers store images on a hard drive. Sharp tried to warn consumers about the simple act of copying.
"It's falling on deaf ears," McLaughlin said. "Or people don't feel it's important, or 'we'll take care of it later.'"
All the major manufacturers told us they offer security or encryption packages on their products. One product from Sharp automatically erases an image from the hard drive. It costs $500.
But evidence keeps piling up in warehouses that many businesses are unwilling to pay for such protection, and that the average American is completely unaware of the dangers posed by digital copiers.
The day we visited the New Jersey warehouse, two shipping containers packed with used copiers were headed overseas - loaded with secrets on their way to unknown buyers in Argentina and Singapore.
©MMX, CBS Interactive Inc.. All Rights Reserved.
SBS Guam, Inc. - Authorized Service Dealer. All Rights Reserved.


May 27 - 29, Join me for Small Paintings for Small Spaces at the Gardener's Cottage, Kew Gardens, 2075 Queen St East, Toronto.
From 2008 to present day, I have exhibited across Southern Ontario. in juried and in member shows with sculpture, hand-pulled prints and photography.
I have received first prize in the Canada Blooms photography show in 2013 and third prize in Ben Navaee Gallery Juried Sculpture Show in 2009.


"Immune Gate"of Psychopathology-The Role of Gut Derived Immune Activation in Major Psychiatric Disorders.
Interaction between the gastrointestinal tract (GI) and brain functions has recently become a topic of growing interest in psychiatric research. These multidirectional interactions take place in the so-called gut-brain axis or more precisely, the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The GI tract is the largest immune organ in the human body and is also the largest surface of contact with the external environment. Its functions and permeability are highly influenced by psychological stress, which are often a precipitating factor in the first episode, reoccurrence and/or deterioration of symptoms of psychiatric disorders. In recent literature there is growing evidence that increased intestinal permeability with subsequent immune activation has a major role in the pathophysiology of various psychiatric disorders. Numerous parameters measured in this context seem to be aftermaths of those mechanisms, yet at the same time they may be contributing factors for immune mediated psychopathology. For example, immune activation related to gut-derived bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or various food antigens and exorphins were reported in major depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, alcoholism and autism. In this review the authors will summarize the evidence and roles of such parameters and their assessment in major psychiatric disorders.


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Michael Hochedlinger
Michael Hochedlinger is Senior Archivist at the Austrian State Archives. He is an expert on the history of the early modern Habsburg army.
Michael Hochedlinger is Senior Archivist at the Austrian State Archives. He is an expert on the history of the early modern Habsburg army. See less
Michael Hochedlinger book subjects
History > Europe
Modern history to 20th century: c 1700 to c 1900
Early modern history: c 1450/1500 to c 1700
Michael Hochedlinger's Featured Books
Austria's Wars of Emergence,...
Verwaltungsgeschichte Der...
Osterreichische...
Fontes Rerum Austriacarum....
Aktenkunde: Urkunden-Und...
The Indian World of George Washington: The First President, the First Americans, and the Birth of the Nation
by Colin G Calloway
The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000
by Paul M Kennedy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Qantas – Time Frame on Job-Sharing Arrangement
Qantas recently won a case, on appeal, against two employees which confirms that in the absence of an Agreement in place, the two employees who had previously negotiated a job-share role did not have a contractual right to continue job-sharing indefinitely.
The two employees were originally employed on a part-time basis before jointly applying for a full-time position on a job-sharing basis back in 2008 in Perth. At the time, Qantas and the ASU had negotiated an Agreement, at the federal level, which covered job-sharing but anticipated that Agreements would be made at a local level around the country.
At the time the two employees commenced the job-sharing role, an Agreement had not been reached at the local level and the employees were offered the role on a provisional 6 month basis and if the trial was successful for a further 4 and a half years. At the conclusion of the fixed term, Qantas advised the employees that they would need to re-apply for their job share role and noted that the arrangement was due to expire.
The employees sought to argue that they had a right to continue in the job share role on an indefinite basis and that the basis for this was to be implied into their employment contracts.
The employee's position was upheld at first instance before being overturned on appeal. On appeal, the full bench held that the employees' original part-time contracts allowed Qantas to change or vary their hours, with notice, for operational reasons and that their job-share arrangement was still subject to the terms of that contract.
The full bench also found that there was insufficient evidence to support the argument that custom and practice had reached a level whereby an implied term should be read into the contract.
Qantas Airways Limited v Joyce and Gartside [2014] WAIRC 01192
Sarah Waterhouse – Solicitor – BlandsLaw
Christine Broad – Solicitor – BlandsLaw
Image courtesy of phasinphoto at FreeDigitalPhotos.net
Discrimination – What not to ask
Harsh treatment of employee held not to be 'bullying'


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Do we need humans for that job? Automation booms after COVID
by Emma September 5, 2021
Ask for a roast beef sandwich at an Arby's drive-thru east of Los Angeles, and you may be talking to Tori — an artificially intelligent voice assistant that will take your order and send it to the line cooks.
"It doesn't call sick," says Amir Siddiqi, whose family installed the AI voice at Arby's franchise this year in Ontario, California. "It doesn't get corona. And the reliability of it is great."
The pandemic didn't just threaten Americans' health when it slammed the U.S. in 2020 — it may also have posed a long-term threat to many of their jobs. Faced with worker shortages and higher labor costs, companies are starting to automate service sector jobs that economists once considered safe, assuming that machines couldn't quickly provide the human contact they believed customers would demand.
Past experience suggests that such automation waves eventually create more jobs than they destroy. They also disproportionately wipe out less-skilled jobs that many low-income workers depend on. Resulting from growing pains for the U.S. economy could be severe.
Siddiqi probably wouldn't have bothered investing in new technology that could alienate existing employees and some customers if not for the pandemic. But it's gone smoothly, he says: "Basically, there are fewer people needed, but those folks are now working in the kitchen and other areas."
Ideally, automation can redeploy workers into better and more exciting work, so long as they can get the appropriate technical training, says Johannes Moenius, an economist at the University of Redlands. But although that's happening now, it's not moving quickly enough, he says.
Worse, an entire class of service jobs created when manufacturing began to deploy more automation may now be at risk. "The robots escaped the manufacturing sector and went into the much larger service sector," he says. "I regarded contact jobs as safe. I was completely taken by surprise."
Improvements in robot technology allow machines to do many tasks that previously required people — tossing pizza dough, transporting hospital linens, inspecting gauges, sporting goods. The pandemic accelerated their adoption. Robots, after all, can't get sick or spread disease. Nor do they request time off to handle unexpected childcare emergencies.
Economists at the International Monetary Fund found that past pandemics had encouraged firms to invest in machines in ways that could boost productivity — but also kill low-skill jobs. "Our results suggest that the concerns about the rise of the robots amid the COVID-19 pandemic seem justified," they wrote in a January paper.
The consequences could fall most heavily on the less-educated women who disproportionately occupy the low- and mid-wage jobs most exposed to automation — and to viral infections. Those jobs include sales clerks, administrative assistants, cashiers and aides in hospitals, and those who care for the sick and elderly.
Employers seem eager to bring on the machines. A survey last year by the nonprofit World Economic Forum found that 43% of companies planned to reduce their workforce due to new technology. Since the second quarter of 2020, business investment in equipment has grown 26%, more than twice as fast as the overall economy.
According to the International Federation of Robotics, a trade group, the fastest growth is expected in the roving machines that clean the floors of supermarkets, hospitals, and warehouses. The same group also expects an uptick in sales of robots that provide shoppers with information or deliver room service orders in hotels.
Restaurants have been among the most visible robot adopters. In late August, for instance, the salad chain Sweetgreen announced it was buying kitchen robotics startup Spyce, which makes a machine that cooks up vegetables and grains and spouts them into bowls.
It's not just robots, either — software and AI-powered services are on the rise as well. Starbucks has been automating the behind-the-scenes work of keeping track of a store's inventory. More stores have moved to self-checkout.
Scott Lawton, CEO of the Arlington, Virginia-based restaurant chain Bartaco, was having trouble last fall getting servers to return to his restaurants when they reopened during the pandemic.
So he decided to do without them. With the help of a software firm, his company developed an online ordering and payment system customers could use over their phones. Diners now simply scan a barcode at the center of each table to access a menu and order their food without waiting for a server. Workers bring food and drinks to their tables. And when they're done eating, customers pay over their phones and leave.
The innovation has shaved the number of staff, but workers aren't necessarily worse off. Each Bartaco location — there are 21 — now has up to eight assistant managers, roughly double the pre-pandemic total. Many are former servers, and they roam among the tables to ensure everyone has what they need. They are paid annual salaries starting at $55,000 rather than hourly wages.
Tips are now shared among all the other employees, including dishwashers, who typically earn $20 an hour or more, far higher than their pre-pandemic pay. "We don't have the labor shortages that you're reading about on the news," Lawton says. The uptick in automation has not stalled a stunning rebound in the U.S. jobs market — at least so far.
The U.S. economy lost a staggering 22.4 million jobs in March and April 2020, when the pandemic gale hit the U.S. Hiring has since bounced back briskly: Employers have brought back 17 million jobs since April 2020. In June, they posted a record 10.1 million job openings and complained that they couldn't find enough workers.
Behind the hiring, the boom is a surge in spending by consumers, many of whom got through the crisis in unexpectedly good shape financially — thanks to both federal relief checks and, in many cases, savings accumulated by working from home and skipping the daily commute.
The chief economist at Moody's Analytics, Mark Zandi, expects employers are likely to be scrambling for workers for a long time.
For one thing, many Americans are taking their time returning to work — some because they're still worried about COVID-19 health risks and childcare problems, others because of generous federal unemployment benefits, set to expire nationwide Sept. 6.
In addition, large numbers of Baby Boom workers are retiring. "The labor market is going to be very, very tight for the foreseeable future," Zandi says.
For now, the short-term benefits of the economic snapback are overwhelming any job losses from automation, whose effects tend to show up gradually over the years. That may not last. Last year, researchers at the University of Zurich and University of British Columbia found that the so-called jobless recoveries of the past 35 years, in which economic output rebounded from recessions faster than employment, could be explained by the loss of jobs vulnerable to automation.
Despite strong hiring since the middle of last year, the U.S. economy is still 5.3 million jobs short of what it had in February 2020. And Lydia Boussour, lead U.S. economist at Oxford Economics, calculated last month that 40% of the missing jobs are vulnerable to automation, especially food preparation, retail sales, and manufacturing.
Some economists worry that automation pushes workers into lower-paid positions. Daron Acemoglu, an economist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Pascual Restrepo of Boston University estimated in June that up to 70% of the stagnation in U.S. wages between 1980 and 2016 could be explained by machines replacing humans doing routine tasks.
"Many of the jobs that get automated were at the middle of the skill distribution," Acemoglu says. "They don't exist anymore, and the workers that used to perform them are now doing lower-skill jobs."
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Democrat Jon Tester rallys with union workers in Three Forks, Montana. Tester is facing Republican Matt Rosendale in this year's midterm election.
"Fighting the good fight. How you doing? You've set up for the winter," Tester said as he walked toward the crowd at the picket line.
A dusting of snow had fallen overnight, and by noon, when Tester arrived at the line, it wasn't much warmer than freezing.
It's less than three weeks until election day, when Montanans will elect either Democrat Jon Tester or his Republican challenger, Montana State Auditor Matt Rosendale. Most recent polls call the race a toss-up. Libertarian Rick Breckenridge could be a factor.
Both Tester and Rosendale made campaign stops in Three Forks over the weekend.
A couple dozen supporters of the locked-out workers gathered around Tester at the picket line.
Earlier this month, Tester introduced the so-called "Picket Act" that would reduce tax breaks for "corporations participating in labor lockouts." Tester is the legislation's lone sponsor, it's currently before the Senate Finance Committee.
Tester's brief visit to the union line was campaign stop. But the two-term Democrat didn't say much about the upcoming election. He let the state's union leaders do that.
The clear right and wrong, hard line choice labor leaders say exists in Montana's Senate race isn't as clear to some of the union workers taking turns on the picket line around the clock.
It was quiet when I stopped by two days before the rally with Tester. Three union guys were sitting inside a canvas tent set up alongside the back entrance to the talc milling plant. A small wood stove was going.
Ferguson Gammon is one of the locked out workers. I talked to him and two other guys sitting in the tent for about an hour.
Gammon and the other union workers I spoke with say they vote for the individual, not the party that individual candidate belongs to.
"That was a, whoops, mistake on my part," Welter said, chuckling.
Welter says he appreciates Tester coming to the visit them on the picket line but is still undecided if he'll cast a vote for him.
Republican Matt Rosendale meets with voters at the Iron Horse Cafe, in Three Forks. Rosendale is challenging two-term Democratic U.S. Senator Jon Tester.
Not long after Tester left Three Forks, Republican Matt Rosendale showed up, but not at the picket line. Rosendale had his meet-and-greet with local voters at the Iron Horse Cafe, on main street. About a dozen people showed up.
"Thanks everybody for coming out, we are really on the countdown now," Rosendale said.
Rosendale railed against Tester for voting against Brett Kavanaugh's confirmation to the US Supreme Court and said Montanans needed to elect a more conservative voice to represent them in Congress. Rosendale didn't mention the labor dispute going on on the other end of town.
The voters I spoke with at the cafe said the number one reason they are backing Rosendale is because of how vocal he has been in supporting the agenda of President Trump.
Neither Tester nor Rosendale stuck around Three Forks much longer than an hour. The small town visit was just a pit stop for the campaigns entering the final sprint in their high-profile race. Both campaigns say it's going to be a close finish.


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Working with others to advance educational research in Manitoba
The Faculty of Education at the University of Manitoba (U of M) is a significant contributor to the Manitoba Educational Research Network (MERN). MERN, an administrative body supported by Manitoba Education, has provided wonderful opportunities for researchers in education from the U of M, Université de Saint-Boniface, University of Winnipeg, Brandon University, Red River College, and the University College of the North to come together to share their work and encourage each other.
Dr. Zana Lutfiyya, Associate Dean (Graduate & Professional Programs, and Research) at the Faculty of Education (U of M) explained, "MERN is a fabulous coming together that helps us strengthen our connections to the field. It has been a way for us to establish common interests, which have provided us opportunities to be collaborative with other educators."
Since MERN's inception, the faculty members and students of the Faculty of Education (U of M) have actively participated in MERN and its dissemination of educational research by helping to facilitate the development of programs and by presenting at MERN forums. On June 14th, some of these faculty members and students were recognized for their relevant, practical and useful, and ongoing contributions to educational research in the province. In 2011-12, MERN awards were distributed to the following U of M faculty members Dr. Brian Lewthwaite (2011), Dr. Ralph Mason (2011), Dr. Gary Babiuk (2012), and Dr. Thomas Falkenberg (2012).
In addition, faculty members like Dr. Jon Young, have demonstrated outstanding leadership as the Senior Editor of the MERN Monograph since it began in 2008. Heather Hunter, MERN Director explains that, "Dr. Young's gifted leadership and steadfast commitment has resulted, to date, in the publication of five issues of work that has been conducted by Manitoba researchers – timely, accessible, and relevant to a broad audience of Manitoba educators and their partners."
The Faculty of Education has also contributed to the MERN consortium by way of regular submissions to MERN Journals and by hosting two MERN forums. In 2011-12 we hosted the Fall forum titled "Education Equity," and the Spring forum "Education Leadership: Doing the Right Thing." At these events and others, U of M faculty members and students were able to address the education community and make meaningful connections.
2011-12 Manitoba Education Research Network (MERN) Faculty of Education (U of M) event participation
Faculty of Education (U of M) faculty and students have made significant contributions to the MERN community through their presentations in 2011-12. These contributions are listed below. In addition, Faculty of Education Aboriginal scholars, Drs. Marlene Atleo and Frank Deer, participated in important round table and panel discussions at both MERN Forging Relations: Building on Treaties and Reconciliation events in March & May 2012.
Hechter, R., Murray, J., and Lewthwaite, B. (March 2012). Revising Teacher Candidates' Views of Science and Self: Can Accounts from the History of Science Help? Session at the MERN Emergent Trends in Science and Mathematics Education Forum, Winnipeg, MB.
Hechter, R. (May 2012). STEPs Teacher Research Initiative. Session at the "Just: Teacher Forum, Winnipeg, MB.
Kolton, D. (November, 2011). Beyond the rhetoric of social justice: Transforming knowledge and practice through cooperative inquiry and reflective practice. Session at the MER Fall Forum, Winnipeg, MB.
Lewthwaite, B. (March 2012). Emergent Trends in Science and Mathematics Education. Keynote address at the MERN Emergent Trends in Science and Mathematics Education Forum, Winnipeg, MB.
Lewthwaite, B. (March 2012). Tensions in Implementing the New Manitoba Chemistry Curriculum: A teacher's Experience in Responding to the Learning Preferences of His Students. Session at the MERN Emergent Trends in Science and Mathematics Education Forum, Winnipeg, MB.
Macmillan, R. (April 2012). Education Leadership: Doing the Right Thing. Keynote address at the MERN Spring Forum, Winnipeg, MB.
Mason, R. (January 2012). Citizenship mathematics: Connecting young adults to the children in their village. Session at the MERN Winter Forum, Winnipeg, MB.
McMillan, B. (March 2012). Learning Biology for Sociopolitical Action. Session at the MERN Emergent Trends in Science and Mathematics Education Forum, Winnipeg, MB.
Morin, F. & Falkenberg, T. (April 2012). Inquiry into an induction model for inner-city teachers and administrators. Session at the MERN Spring Forum, Winnipeg, MB.
Lewthwaite, B., McMIllan, B., & Renaud, R. (January 2012). Our stories about teaching and learning: A Yukon First Nation shares its stories to assist educators in becoming responsive to the learning styles and aspirations of their community. Session at the MERN Winter Forum, Winnipeg, MB.
Reichert, P. (January 2012). Community art studio: An arts-based exploration of the experience of Canadian education for immigrant families. Session at the MERN Winter Forum, Winnipeg, MB.
Smith, C. (May 2012). Developing teacher leaders for social justice: A doctoral research journey. Session at the "Just: Teacher Forum, Winnipeg, MB.
Ukasoanya, G. (April 2012). Tackling first things first: Using career development education to promote new Canadian student's career adaptability and school engagement. Session at the MERN Spring Forum, Winnipeg, MB.
Wilson, J. (January 2012). The TRCM Research Strategy. Session at the MERN Winter Forum, Winnipeg, MB.
Yamniuk, S. (April 2012). Where is equity found in the relationship between education and poverty? Session at the MERN Spring Forum, Winnipeg, MB.
Yamniuk, S. (November 2011). Where is equity found in the relationship between education and poverty? Session at the MERN Fall Forum, Winnipeg, MB.
Yamniuk, S. (April 2012). Resilience theory as a way of empowering newcomer students and schools. Session at the MERN Spring Forum, Winnipeg, MB.
Yamniuk, S. (November 2011). Resilience theory as a way of empowering newcomer students and schools. Session at the MERN Fall Forum, Winnipeg, MB.
Young, J. & El Nagar, A. (November 2011). Equity without participation is not equity: The changing role of school boards. Session at the MERN Fall Forum, Winnipeg, MB.
Jackie Duhard
Faculty to host forums on assessment in education
The Faculty of Education is hosting two online forums on assessment—the first on Jan. 26 and the second Feb. 24.
The Conversation: Restraining and secluding students with disabilities is an urgent human rights issue
UM researches find schools using physical restraint and seclusion spaces, further marginalizing children with disabilities
Faculty of Education, Research and International, The Conversation
New CRC Chair hopes to make organizations more welcoming to LGBT2Q community
Now that he has been named Canada Research Chair in queer, community, and diversity education, Robert Mizzi, associate professor at U of M's Faculty of Education, aims to confront issues like these and make positive cultural changes in organizations nationwide.
Connect with the Faculty of Education
Contact the Faculty of Education
Email: education@umanitoba.ca
Faculty of Education, Office of the Dean
230 Education Building


Sleep has multiple functions that are necessary for the maintenance and growth of the individual — it is not that some are more main and others more secondary, all are important — they are just different like the multiple functions of your circulatory system (delivering nutrients, taking away wastes, fighting infection, and maintaining temperature).
There is the physical need that everyone is aware of as well as the non-physical need that few are aware of. Sleep provides an alternate reality for us to have experiences in (i.e., to have intents and make choices in). The events, situations, intents, choices, actions and interactions experienced while sleeping, meditating, traveling or exploring in NPMR, or any other such "non-physical" reality (outside of PMR) are as valuable and pertinent to our learning process as the experiences in PMR. We individuated units of consciousness (including your dog) operate (exist, learn, and grow) in multiple realities. PMR is just one. And as said above, none are more main or more secondary, all are necessary — they are just different like the multiple functions of your circulatory system — in the bigger picture there is no hierarchy by importance.
Each of the realities in which your awareness (ability to make choices) operates provide a unique experience-space that supplies a specific type of learning opportunities (there may be just two — PMR state and dream state — or a half dozen or more, depending on the level with which your awareness functions). Yes, even if you do not remember your dreams you are still dreaming (everybody appears to go through REM periods during sleep) and using the dream reality as a learning tool — you are just not consciously integrating that experience with your PMR experience. Even if you do remember your dreams, that does not ensure (in fact it is unlikely) that you will optimally integrate the two experiences within your PMR awareness.
That there are physical and non-physical realities is a false distinction that we use to discuss the subject of reality with novices who believe that they inhabit the only knowable, the one singular, reality -- and that it is physical — the only reality that is or can be physical from their point of view.
Lying down and being awake but still for 8 hours is not the same as sleeping for 8 hours. The difference can be large or small depending on what you do while you are lying there awake. The mind leads and the body follows – thoughts do not only affect the brain. The entire body (literally every cell) dances to bio-electro-chemical processes that change as one's emotions and thoughts change. Simple muscle contraction and relaxation (physical movement) is not the only work the body does. Simply giving the muscles a break by lying down is not enough to allow the body to recover from the requirements of the day. The mind must also be still. I suspect that the work that muscles do accounts for less than half of the work that a typical body does in a day. Most of us sit at desks all day working hard instead of working hard at physical labor. And we are tired by the end of a day. Quadriplegics barely move a muscle all day and if they have an active mental life, they are tired and need sleep by day's end. If lying down and being still were enough, they would never need sleep.
1) Work, both mental or physical, generates waste products (the byproduct of metabolism and cell function) that accumulate faster during the day than they can be eliminated. Sleep allows the body to catch up on its housekeeping.
3) Having to sleep forces you to put aside issues and problems for a while often resulting in a bigger picture in the morning. We tend to emotionally and mentally paint ourselves into corners all the time and sleep breaks this very inefficient self-referential cycle. Like rebooting your perspective when it gets hung in an endless loop or keeps returning an error message. This saves a huge amount of ineffective (wasted) process cycles and is thus a very efficient use of resources.
Nothing happens to your consciousness, it just is no longer interactive in PMR through your physical incarnation (FWAU). The uplink (to the IUOC) of data from your FWAU in PMR is quiet. If you are dreaming, the uplink from your FWAU in dreamland is still active whether you remember the dream or not. The FWAU in PMR is only aware of the subset of the larger IUOC that makes it into its PMR intellect. If the PMR-FWAU dreams or meditates or goes OBE and remembers those experiences, then such experiences are part of his PMR experience-base at the intellectual level. The experiences are also part of the experience-base of the IUOC. If he/she doesn't remember, then those experiences still become a part of his/hers IUOC's experience base even though they do not become a part of the PMR-FWAU intellectual awareness (PMR experience-base at the intellectual level).
↑ What is the purpose of sleep?
This page was last modified on 29 August 2011, at 12:57.


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New The Last of Us Game Announced – ComicBook.com
By Christian Hoffer – November 1, 2022 12:36 pm EDT
Naughty Dog has announced a new collaboration with Themeborne to produce a brand new The Last of Us board game. The Last of Us: Escape the Dark is a new 1-5 person cooperative game that lets players explore The Last of Us world in a unique way. Players can play as Ellie, Joel, Tess, Bill, Tommy, or Marlene as they explore an open world and try to keep everyone in their party alive. A Kickstarter for the game will launch on November 8th. You can check out the initial announcement by Naughty Dog below:
We're excited to announce The Last of Us: Escape the Dark, a new board game experience set within The Last of Us universe, created by our friends @Themeborne! The Kickstarter goes live Nov 8, so stay tuned for more soon.
Read more on our blog: https://t.co/cdMpLvfKDj pic.twitter.com/SWrpiXJX49
Themeborne provided some additional details about the game – players will make choices about which route to take and resolve "chapter cards" at locations from The Last of Us games. Players will need to use a combination of item cards and dice rolls to overcome threats from enemies such as Infected and Hunters. Each survivor will also have a unique "Hang-Up" that they will need to overcome to unlock their full potential as a character. Crafting and weapon upgrades will also add additional customization options.
Themeborne has also published the "Escape the Dark" line of games, which utilizes black and white artwork and chapter cards. Obviously, the new The Last of Us game will utilize the same game system, albeit crafted specifically for The Last of Us fans.
Expect more details about the game to be revealed next week when the Kickstarter for The Last of Us: Escape the Dark launches.
You can keep up with our full tabletop game coverage here, and subscribe to The Character Sheet, ComicBook.com's new YouTube channel covering all tabletop RPG news.
How to watch the NHL All-Star game Online in 2023 – CyberNews.com


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Proposal for a Directive on the quality of water intended for human consumption (recast)
COM (2017) 753
Policy-making
Legislative initiative published by the European Commission in February 2018 revising the Drinking Water Directive (DWD), aimed at regulating the quality of water intended for human consumption.
Since the 1980s, the European Union (EU) has applied rules that require stringent water safety checks. In this context, Council Directive 98/83/EC on the quality of water intended for human consumption should be singled out since it was designed specifically to protect people from the adverse effects of drinking contaminated water by ensuring that it is wholesome and clean. While the Directive was appropriately implemented by Member States, its approach to monitoring quality at the point of consumption uses parameters determined many years ago. This has called for an examination of whether the Directive deals effectively with existing and emerging pressures.
The 'Right2Water' initiative - the first ever European Citizens' Initiative (ECI) - was submitted in December 2013. In its response to the ECI, the European Commission committed to reviewing the Directive, which was included as a result to the Regulatory Fitness and Performance Programme (REFIT). The proposal therefore directly follows up on the 'Right2Water' initiative. The revision of the Drinking Water Directive was also put forward as part of the plan to transition to a circular economy. The assessment of the Directive showed the it is a relevant tool to ensure the high quality of the water consumed in the EU. However, it also identified several areas with room for improvement.
The proposed revision requires Member States to improve access for all people, especially for vulnerable and marginalised group who face difficult access to drinking water. In practice, that means setting up equipment for access to drinking water in public spaces, launching campaigns to inform citizens about the quality of their water and encouraging administrations and public buildings to provide access to drinking water. Another important change in the legislation gives the public easy, user-friendly – including online – access to information about the quality and supply of drinking water in their living area, improving confidence in tap water.
The European Commission adopted the legislative proposal on 1 February 2018. The European Parliament's plenary session adopted its negotiating position on 23 October, followed by the Council of the European Union on 5 March 2019. An informal agreement between the co-legislators on a compromise text was reached on 18 December.
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/HIS/?uri=COM:2017:753:FIN
Euronews, 31/01/2018: Access to water - a fundamental right? http://www.euronews.com/2018/01/31/access-to-water-a-fundamental-right-
EPRS: Briefing, March 2018: Initial Appraisal of a European Commission Impact Assessment https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EPRS_BRI(2018)615661
EPRS: At a Glance, October 2018: Revision of the Drinking Water Directive https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EPRS_ATA(2018)628279
EPRS: Briefing, April 2019: Revision of the Drinking Water Directive https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EPRS_BRI(2018)625179
EurActiv, 24/06/2019: ECI's contribution on the Revision of the Drinking Water Directive in view of the Trilogues https://www.euractiv.com/section/health-consumers/opinion/ecis-contribution-on-the-revision-of-the-drinking-water-directive-in-view-of-the-trilogues/
EurActiv, 27/08/2019: Legionella pneumophila in EU drinking water directive https://www.euractiv.com/section/health-consumers/opinion/legionella-pneumophila-in-eu-drinking-water-directive/
The Guardian, 01/02/2018: EU measure demands rise in public fountains to cut bottle waste https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/feb/01/eu-measure-demands-rise-in-public-fountains-to-cut-bottle-waste
EurActiv, 01/02/2018: Leaky drinking water rules tightened by EU https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy-environment/news/leaky-drinking-water-rules-tightened-by-eu/
EurActiv, 12/04/2019: Tap water rules no longer in deep water, but health concerns persist https://www.euractiv.com/section/health-consumers/news/tap-water-rules-no-longer-in-deep-water-but-health-concerns-persist/
EurActiv, 28/10/2019: Scientists and Commission clash over detecting Legionella risk https://www.euractiv.com/section/health-consumers/news/scientists-and-commission-clash-over-detecting-legionella-risk/
EurActiv, 17/12/2019: Information is key to promote tap water use, health expert says https://www.euractiv.com/section/health-consumers/news/information-is-key-to-promote-tap-water-use-health-expert-says/
The Brussels Times, 23/12/2019: New drinking water directive goes beyond European Citizens' Initiative https://www.brusselstimes.com/all-news/eu-affairs/85418/new-drinking-water-directive-goes-beyond-european-citizens-initiative/
European Parliament: Legislative Observatory: Procedure File for Proposal on Quality of water intended for human consumption (Recast) https://oeil.secure.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/ficheprocedure.do?reference=2017/0332(COD)
EP: Legislative Train: Revision of the drinking water directive https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-new-boost-for-jobs-growth-and-investment/file-revision-of-the-drinking-water-directive
European Commission: Press Release, 01/02/2018: Safer drinking water for all Europeans http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-18-429_en.htm
European Commission: Memo, 01/02/2018: Safer drinking water for all Europeans: Questions and Answers http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-18-430_en.htm
European Commission: Opening remarks of First Vice-President Timmermans and Commissioner Vella at the Press Conference on the Revision of the EU Drinking Water Directive, 1 February 2018 http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-18-584_en.htm
European Parliament: Headlines, 19/10/2018: Drinking water in the EU: better quality and access https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20181011STO15887/
European Commission: Press Release, 19/12/2019: Commission welcomes provisional agreement to improve the quality of drinking water and the access to it https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_19_6830
Consumer Rights | Protection, Water


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Book: (1) Epa.gov,. Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) | Technology Transfer Network Air Toxics Web site | US EPA http://www.epa.gov/airtoxics/hlthef/methylet.html (accessed Apr 28, 2015).
Journal: (1) Iisd.org,. What is Sustainable Development? https://www.iisd.org/sd/ (accessed Apr 30, 2015).
Website: (1) Poynor, R. No More Rules; Yale University Press: New Haven, CT, 2003; p. 72.