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Master of Engineering Science (Systems & Control) | UNSW Sydney
Master of Engineering Science (Systems & Control)
Take your career in Engineering further.
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Expand your knowledge in your area of expertise or broaden your knowledge in another area of Engineering to grow professionally.
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Master of Engineering Science
Commencing Terms
Term 1, Term 2, Term 3
Duration (Full Time)
1 - 2 Year(s)
The Master of Engineering Science (Systems and Control) is a 2-year full-time postgraduate degree at Australia's leading engineering faculty designed for students with an existing four-year engineering qualification. Systems and control is one of many unique engineering specialisations offered within the Master of Engineering Science to deepen your knowledge of your chosen engineering discipline. Overlapping with Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, with the growth of automated systems, systems and control engineers are increasingly in demand.
Exciting and practical, this degree features complex, open-ended enquiry-based projects as well as many other opportunities to help you become a leader in your field. As a Control Systems Engineer your work will include designing, developing and implementing solutions used to control dynamic systems. With these systems everchanging, the role of the Control Systems Engineer is to offer consistency in these systems to achieve a certain outcome.
If you have a recognised four-year engineering degree this degree is the perfect next step to sharpen your expertise and take your career in the direction you'd like. Designed for students interested in developing job prospects through specialisation, retraining or cross-training - you'll have the flexibility to specialise in Systems and Control or broaden your knowledge in other areas of engineering.
Systems and control is a wide and varied area of engineering. Systems and control engineers work in the development of anti-lock braking systems in cars, simple household washing machines and high-performance F-16 fighter aircraft. This degree will offer you the specialised knowledge to use your skills across a broad range of areas, creating more predictable and controlled solutions to dynamic systems and the human problems they arose from.
Why study this degree at UNSW?
Intersecting with the fields of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, you'll study through the School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications where you'll benefit from cross-disciplinary discourse and discussion. UNSW School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications is the largest school of its kind in Australia. According to the latest 2019 QS World University Rankings, we're part of the top Engineering faculty in Australia and #38 in the world.
Our academic, professional and technical staff are internationally renowned experts in their fields. For the past three years, we've received a five-star rating for employability, teaching and research.
The benefits of studying with the School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications at UNSW are vast and include:
Strong partnerships with industry in education, research, training and employment
Innovative teaching is recognised by high student experience scores and many teaching awards
We offer the widest range of specialised elective courses and honours thesis/masters project topics nationally
$104 million investment into cutting-edge laboratories that are nationally unique and allow students to put their learning to the test
A range of specialised Electrical Engineering facilities, including computer laboratories, the Signal Procession and Systems Laboratory, the Hardware Design Project Laboratory and the High Voltage Laboratory
CRICOS Code
Total Units of Credit (UOC)
Indicative Enrolments
Want to see more from UNSW Engineering?
Visit Faculty
Admission to the standard 2-year program requires one of the following:
4-year Bachelor of Engineering degree from Australia or accredited under the Washington Accord in any discipline with a minimum 65% average* AND completion of minimum ONE course in EACH subject group from the list below.
4-year Bachelor of Science (Honours) degree majoring in Electrical or Physics from Australia in one of the cognate disciplines below with a minimum 65% average* AND completion of min. ONE course in EACH subject group from the list below.
Subject groups
Circuit theory
Circuit principles
Electronics circuits, signals and systems
Electrical networks
Network and Systems
Systems and Signals
Digital circuits
Physics or Electromagnetic fields and waves
Automatic control Computer control, Automation or embedded system
To confirm if your degree is accredited under the Washington Accord, please use the Qualification Checker on the Washington Accord homepage.
Recognition of Prior Learning (Credit Transfer)
UNSW recognises that many students have professional experience or relevant previous studies. If you have worked in a relevant industry or have relevant previous study experience, you may be eligible for credit points that would enable you to complete your Master of Engineering Science in as little as one year, or another accelerated option listed below dependent on your previous study and experience.
1 Year Program:
If you have a 4-year Bachelor of Engineering degree from Australia or accredited under the Washington Accord in one of the cognate disciplines below with a minimum 65% average*
a 4-year Bachelor of Engineering degree not accredited under the Washington Accord in one of the cognate disciplines below with a minimum 65% average*, including a final year capstone design or research project, a project management course, AND 3 years of work experience in a relevant professional engineering role, you will be given 48 Units of Credit.
Cognate Discipline Examples of Relevant Work Experience
Electronic Engineer
Telecommunication Engineer
1.7 Year Program:
If you have a 4-year Bachelor of Engineering degree not accredited under the Washington Accord in one of the cognate disciplines with a minimum 65% average*, a final year capstone design or research project, AND a project management course, you will be given 24 Units of Credit.
Cognate Discipline
*Please note that Chinese degrees from non-211 universities will require a minimum 70% average.
Our Engineering Postgraduate Admissions Scheme (EPAS) is an alternative pathway for students considering postgraduate study. It applies to students who don't quite make the cut-off weighted average mark, across all UNSW Engineering schools.
You may be asked to provide evidence of your English proficiency to study at UNSW depending on your educational background and citizenship. English language skills are vitally important for coping with lectures, tutorials, assignments and examinations - this is why UNSW requires a minimum English language competency for enrolment.
If you're completing an Australian Year 12 qualification (e.g. NSW HSC or equivalent), you do not need to provide anything extra to prove your proficiency. Your qualification will be used as evidence of your English proficiency.
If you do need to provide evidence of your English proficiency, this will be indicated in your application. You can prove this by providing evidence that you meet one or more of the following criteria:
English language tests and university English courses
Prior study in the medium of English
Other qualifications
UNSW Global offers courses and programs designed to help you reach the English language level required for entry into your chosen degree. Different options are available depending on your current English language level. Learn more.
UNSW Global has university pathway programs that provide seamless transition to UNSW Sydney so you can achieve your academic and career goals. Learn more.
You may be asked to provide evidence of your English proficiency to study at UNSW depending on whether you are from an English-speaking background or non-English speaking background. English language skills are vitally important for coping with lectures, tutorials, assignments and examinations - this is why UNSW requires a minimum English language competency for enrolment.
If English is not your first language, you'll need to provide proof of your English proficiency before you can be given an offer to study at UNSW. You can do this by providing evidence that you meet one or more of the following criteria:
Check the specific English language requirements for this program
Select from the options below *
Which applies to you? *
When you choose to study a Master of Engineering Science, you'll choose from one of 26 specialisations which will help you make your next career move.
Within these specialisations your study will include:
Enquiry-based courses
Disciplinary courses
Engineering and Technical Management Courses.
You'll be able to tailor your degree to your interests by combining courses in your chosen specialisation with elective courses.
You'll also have the chance to work on a complex, open-ended enquiry-based research project.
Full program structure
Degree structures can vary depending on your specialisation of choice, the number of courses you choose and timetabling, to give you an indication you can consider the below.
Depending on your specialisation and your previous studies/professional experience you may study:
At least 4 Disciplinary Courses
At least 4 Advanced Disciplinary Courses
At least 1 Engineering and Technical Management Course
At least 3 enquiry-based courses (which includes a research project)
At least 4 elective courses (across Disciplinary, Advanced Disciplinary and Engineering and Technical Management courses)
Through the Disciplinary and Advanced Disciplinary Knowledge courses you'll learn the technical knowledge and skills you need for your chosen specialisation. You'll also update your knowledge in cutting-edge developments in your area of interest.
Engineering and Technical Management courses help you build skills in communicating and justifying professional decisions, employing ethical approaches to practice, and developing the abilities required for roles more focused on project and or staff management, leadership and strategy.
You'll complete a research project in this degree within the enquiry-based courses. In this you can choose to develop your Postgraduate Research skills to assist with the research project component of the degree or as your first step towards a Higher Degree Research (PhD) program. Or you can complete a "Launching a Startup" course where you will be equipped with the skills necessary to successfully commercialise your ideas.
Go to the handbook
The career opportunities for control engineers are broad and exciting.  Control engineers often pursue roles technical management where they lead interdisciplinary projects. Job opportunities include:
Appliance brands such as Electrolux
Automobile companies such as Toyota
Aerospace companies such as Fleetspace
When you graduate you could work in roles improving appliances used in everyday lives to working on cars or even aerospace technologies. With the broad capabilities you'll develop in this degree, your career opportunities are only limited to your imagination.
Applications must be submitted through our Apply Online portal. We encourage you to submit your completed application as early as possible to ensure it will be processed in time for your preferred term. Some high-demand programs and Faculties with limited places may have an earlier application deadline or commencement date. Find out more.
Ready to start your application?
For most international students, applications are submitted via our Apply Online service. We encourage you to submit your completed application as early as possible to ensure it will be processed in time for your preferred term.
Some high-demand programs with limited places, may have an earlier application deadline or may have an earlier commencement date. For more information visit our international applicant information page.
2023 Indicative First Year Full Fee
2023 Indicative Full Fee to Complete Degree
There is a limited number of Commonwealth Supported Places available for this degree. The indicative tuition fee for domestic postgraduate students shown is for fee-paying students, not students in Commonwealth Supported Places. To find out more about the student contribution amounts for Commonwealth Supported Places visit Postgraduate Commonwealth Support.
*Fees are subject to annual review by the University and may increase annually, with the new fees effective from the start of each calendar year. The indicative fees listed here are based on an estimated average and are for tuition only other fees and charges are not included. The amount you pay will vary depending on the calendar year to enrol, the courses you select and whether your study load is more or less than 1 Equivalent Full Time Student Load (8 courses per year). Indicative fees are a guide for comparison only based on current conditions and available data. You should not rely on indicative fees. More information on fees can be found at the UNSW fees website
Indicative fees to complete the program have been calculated based on a percentage increase for every year of the program. Fee increases are assessed annually and may exceed the indicative figures listed below.
2023 Indicative First Year Fee
2023 Indicative Fee to Complete Degree
*Fees are subject to annual review by the University and may increase annually, with the new fees effective from the start of each calendar year. The indicative fees listed here are based on an estimated average and are for tuition only other fees and charges are not included. The amount you pay will vary depending on the calendar year to enrol, the courses you select and whether your study load is more or less than 1 Equivalent Full Time Student Load (8 courses per year).
Indicative fees are a guide for comparison only based on current conditions and available data. You should not rely on indicative fees. More information on fees can be found at the UNSW fees website.
Indicative fees to complete the program include tuition plus an estimate of study-related costs of approximately $1,000 per year. To find out more about other costs, visit UNSW International.
At UNSW, we award over $83 million in scholarships each year. We pride ourselves on rewarding excellence and making university accessible to students from all walks of life. Whether you're a domestic or international student, our range of scholarships, prizes and awards can support your journey.
The UNSW Women in Engineering Research Scholarship was established to assist women of high academic achievement with an interest in a research and/or an academic career in engineering. UNSW Engineering offers two Women in Engineering Top-up Scholarships every semester.
Apply here and search for 'Engineering' in the keywords.
Explore Scholarships
QS World University Rankings, 2022.
Employable Graduates
AFR Top 100 Future leaders Award.
#1 Australian uni attended by start-up founders.
I love that everything in the world is being engineered by somebody.
Rachel McVittie
Engineering Alumni
Your Postgraduate Study Options at UNSW Engineering
With more postgraduate study options in engineering than any other university, find the one that will help you take a leading role in industry.
5 reasons to study Engineering at UNSW
Thinking of studying Engineering at UNSW? Here's just a few reasons why UNSW Engineering is the way to go.
Make an Impact With Student Projects
At UNSW Engineering you'll work on unique and impactful student projects. Learn more about the projects you can get involved in.
Sign up and we'll keep you updated on degree information, scholarships and upcoming events.
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2. In surface finishing operation one should use a sharp tool with a ______ feed and _______ Speed of rotation of the job.
4. What will be the length of job in m if diameter of big end is 100mm and diameter of small end is 60mm for a taper angle of 1.14 degree?
6. A cast iron piece of total length 100mm is needed to be tapered for a length of 40mm using swiveling the compound rest method. Diameter of job is 20mm and smaller end have nearly zero diameter. What should the angle in degrees by which compound rest should be rotated?
7. In which of the following, tail stock method of taper turning operation will be preferred more?
9. Speed of lead screw decreases in relative to speed of spindle as many times the required pitch is smaller than pitch of lead screw.
10. In _________ the cutting fluid, which may be either a liquid or a gas is applied in the form of a fine jet under pressure.
11. During taper turning operation 100mm of smaller side diameter and 800mm of bigger side diameter was required. What will be the value of taper gradient for a job of 1m in length?
12. Which of the following parameters govern the value of the shear angle in continuous chip formation?
14. Which of the following is the correct basis in designing feed gear box for screw cutting?
20. Total load is distributed over all teeth when thread cutting is done using thread chaser.


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If you have recently been directed by your physician to a compounding pharmacy in Mississippi for your compounded medication, you are probably asking yourself what to look for and where to go. As with any business, there are good, average, and less than average compounding pharmacies in Mississippi.
Getting Compounded medications in Mississippi can be complicated. Each medication needs to be properly mixed by a qualified compounding pharmacist. The differences between the skills and expertise of compounder can to be great.
Then, to confuse you even more, any run-of-the mill pharmacy can deem themselves a compounding pharmacy even if they don't have proper training.
Finding a pharmacy in Mississippi is not hard. You must also know that a compound pharmacy just makes medicines that are not sold in any ordinary pharmacy out there. A pharmacy can prepare almost any kind of medicine out there, which is something that your doctor might need to treat your particular health problem. We will also let you know about some interesting spots that you can find in Mississippi these days.
This park is truly amazing, and you have to see it to believe it. A guide will give an amazing insight into the amazing memorial and battle field in no time. This is a piece of the important national history that you need to see today. You will be seeing tons of monuments and encampments right away. There is so much to learn here that you will have to plan in advance so you can see a lot of amazing things here.
You will see learn a lot about the war between states that took place in the past. This is a very interesting museum, and you will love all the artifacts that can be seen here. There is a boat here wherein you can walk into whenever you need to, and this is just amazing for anyone out there. You will also learn how this amazing boat was built, which is truly quite amazing too.
If you want to find a good compounding facility, you have to ask your doctor about it. Ask your doctor about the right compounding facility for your particular situation right away. Searching online is always a great idea, and this will allow you to find the right compounding pharmacy as soon as possible too. Remember also that finding the right compounding pharmacy is not hard, and you will manage to do it in no time. This will allow you to get the most bang for the buck, and you will be very happy with your decision.
If your doctor has ordered a compounded medication, you need to be completely sure that the prescription they wrote is what you'll get. If the prescription prepared doesn't have enough, or contains too much of the necessary active ingredients, the results can be disastrous. As such, make sure to ask your pharmacist about the quality of the chemicals in your compounded prescription. Remember, it's your health!
Finally, make sure your pharmacy has regular batch testing of samples done from an outside testing company. This will show you that they take pride in properly preparing your compounded medication.


Download a copy of the Personal and Family Readiness Checklist for married service members.
If your family will relocate during your deployment, ensure that you look into what TRICARE coverage is available in the location that they are going to. Additionally, they can seek services at most active duty military base, as well as guard bases. You can utilize this Local Community Resource Finder for a list of services available from guard bases depending on your family's location.
Below are details about the following Readiness Programs available to you and your family.
The American Red Cross provides Emergency Communication Services for military members and their families to keep personnel in touch with their families following the death or serious illness of a family member or other important events, such as the birth of a child. This is often the fastest method to inform the deployed/TDY service member and the information or verification in a message also assists the service member's commanding officer with making a decision regarding emergency leave.
Give Parents a Break Program. The "Give Parents a Break" program is designed to provide eligible parents with free child care one Saturday a month at the Ellsworth Child Development Center (CDC) and Youth Center. Children must be between 6 weeks – 12 years of age. "Give Parents a Break" is normally scheduled for the fourth Saturday of each month. This program is a collaborative effort between the Air Force Aid Society and the Ellsworth Child Development Center. Please stop by the Airman & Family Readiness Center with a copy of the sponsor's TDY/Remote PCS orders to obtain a certificate. Certificates can also be obtained from a Chaplain or First Sergeant. Click here for more information.
Car Care Because We Care.
You can get a free oil/filter change, lubrication, and vehicle safety check on your primary vehicle at the Ellsworth AFB Auto Skills Center, courtesy of the Air Force Aid Society. Service is limited to once per deployment/TDY and twice per calendar year if your spouse is assigned to a remote tour. To obtain a voucher from the Airman & Family Readiness Center, simply bring in a copy of the sponsor's TDY/Remote PCS orders. Once you receive your voucher, you can arrange your own appointment with the skills center.
Deployed/Remote Family Events. The Airman & Family Readiness Center has FREE monthly activities for family members of deployed/remote military members. Fun filled events are planned for different locations throughout the area to help break up the time while your service member is away. Please give our Readiness NCO a call at (605) 385-6377 to find out what is going on this month.
Key Spouses serve as a communication and support link between the unit and its families. They understand the difficulties and rewards of military life. They know about community resources and can help you get answers to your questions. Contact your first sergeant or squadron orderly to learn who your unit key spouse is and how they provide information and support to family members. For more information, visit our Keyspouse web site.


I recently returned from a week-long work activity at the Hyatt Regency Lost Pines Resort Bastrop/Austin. Before you start feeling sorry for me, it really was work. I was awake by at least 5:30am and wasn't in my room until around 11pm. When I wasn't in the classroom, I took every other breaking moment to try and capture one of the most beautiful resorts I've ever visited. From the three-mile drive into the property, posting speeds under 20mph, to the outstanding hospitality you receive from the staff the moment you step on the property to the moment you leave, you'll find yourself feeling at home while away at the Hyatt Lost Pines. I've included a number of photos here because I really wanted to give you an idea of just how amazing the property is. For more information about the Hyatt Lost Pines, visit their website http://lostpines.hyatt.com/en/hotel/home.html. Safe travels!
I want you to pack me in your suitcase for a month as you "do Texas." You certainly "did" Lost Pines!
I love this place. My husband is a musician/wedding DJ and he's DJed a few weddings there. I'd love to stay there, though!
Bailey, it is an incredible place. I highly recommend it!


Welcome to the Consular Section of the Embassy of Ghana, The Hague.
The Contents of this page are intended to provide information on the procedures for the acquisition of entry visas to Ghana and other Consular Services provided by the Embassy.
You are most welcome to browse through the page and contact the Consular Section should you require further information or explanation.
You can also follow the Embassy page on Facebook or on Twitter for further social experience.


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EUR/USD Forex Signal: Rebound Likely Despite Recent Sell-Off
MATIC/USD: Choppy Conditions, Polygon Approaches High Range
2 hours ago Robert Petrucci Technical Analysis
ADA/USD: Cardano Swims Upwards Against Dynamic Tide
AUD/USD Forex Signal: Bearish Head and Shoulders at 0.7200
WTI Crude Oil Forecast: Market Continues to Run Wild
Despite the recent decline, there are signs that the pair will bounce back in the near term.
Buy the EUR/USD pair and set a take-profit at 1.1350.
Set a sell-stop at 1.1220 and a take-profit at 1.1150.
Add a stop-loss at 1.1300
The EUR/USD pair tilted lower on Wednesday morning as investors reflected on the leadership change in Germany and the rising number of infections. It is trading at 1.1250, which is about 1.2% below the highest point last week.
Trade EUR/USD with great conditions now
Olaf Scholz to Become Chancellor
On Tuesday, Olaf Scholz signed a coalition agreement with the Green and Free Democrats party. This will be followed by a vote in the country's parliament today that will see him become the country's next chancellor. This is a notable move since he will be the country's leader who will replace Angela Merkel who has been around for 16 years.
Scholz inherits a country that is having a number of challenges. The number of Covid-19 cases has jumped sharply in the past few weeks. Also, the country's debt has jumped due to the pandemic. Most importantly, inflation is rising, helped by higher natural gas prices. Still, I don't think that his swearing-in will have an impact on the EUR/USD pair.
The pair also declined as the number of Covid-19 cases in key countries like France and Germany rose. France has gone further and announced new restrictions such as closure of bars and mask mandates for students. The government also encouraged businesses to allow their staff to work from home.
These actions could interrupt the recovery of the Eurozone economy. On Tuesday, data by Eurostat showed that the bloc's economy rose by 3.9% in the third quarter. The IMF also said that the bloc's economy had moved to pre-pandemic levels.
Therefore, as the number of cases rises, there is a likelihood that the ECB will be more patient. We will get some of these clues on Wednesday when Christine Lagard speaks.
EUR/USD Forecast
The three-hour chart shows that the EUR/USD pair has been in a bearish trend in the past few days. As a result, it has moved from the standard pivot point to its first support. It has also formed a descending channel. The price is slightly above the lower side of this channel. It has also moved below the 25-day moving average. Most importantly, the pair has formed an inverted head and shoulders pattern.
Therefore, despite the recent decline, there are signs that the pair will bounce back in the near term. If this happens, the next key level to watch will be at 1.1350.
EUR/USD Forecast: Euro Has Tough Session on Friday
GBP/USD Forecast: GBP Gives Back Early Gains in Exhaustion
NASDAQ 100 Forecast: Bullish Candlestick
S&P 500 Forecast: Index Finds Buyers on Dips


This compares with March/April 1997 when take up was significantly lower at 70,600 sq m. Letting activity increased in both the core and fringe areas (by 27,200 sq m and 41,200 sq m respectively) during March/April 1998. Proportionally speaking, the core accounts for 71% of transactions in March/April, although this has fallen from 86% in January and February 1998.Take up in the whole of the West End stands at approximately 40,000 sq m for March and April 1998 representing a fall in take up of 10,100 sq m compared with January/February 1998.
If you are a new user towards hiring house and are not able to understood the process of property valuation or property transaction then in this case you must hire property valuer perth who will deal with all your problems and try to make you understand the process of property transaction. Take up in the fringe however has risen by some 3,300 sq m over this period and currently stands at just under 5,000 sq m.This represents 12% of all letting activity in the West End (compared with 3% in the last summary). Letting activity continues to be strongest in Mayfair/St James's, with 60% (21,300 sq m) of core take up originating from this sub-market.
This is the result of an 8,000 sq m increase in take up in this sub-area as well as decreases in take up visible in the other sub-markets. (e.g. Mayfair/St James's increasing from 27% in January/February to 60% and the Northern Quarter falling from 38% to 12%). Total take-up during January and February was just over 140,000 sq m, an increase of 4,500 sq m (3%) since November/December. Letting activity in the core increased by 20,000 sq m during January/February. This activity combined with a 43% slide in fringe activity Pre-letting continues into 1998 with solicitors Simmons and Simmons signing up for part of the City Point scheme (the former Britannic Tower).
What transaction do takes place in valuation ?
Kirby Bridge has only been paved 25 or 30 years, and I don't think it is designed for heavy trucks.Also, he and other residents are fearful of the high speeds of some vehicles.Orr said he would still be disturbed about heavy traffic on the little road, even if the trucks are within legal haul limits, which he doubts.Wednesday is no longer a siesta day in downtown Hartselle.It was a tradition for local businesses to flip the "Closed" signs and lock the doors, but economics and necessity took over to keep them open — maybe.
More days and longer hours replace the dependable day off as the antique stores, restaurants and specialty stores that line Main Street try to attract customers."It would be a nice luxury to have a day off, but I'm just not able to do that," said Brenda Hill, Vicki Philipoff Settlements owner of The Gathering Place, a Christian book and antique store.The Red House Grill at 2:30 p.m. on Wednesdays to give employees the opportunity to attend mid-week church services.
"When we opened in February last year, we were open seven days a week and we closed Sunday night," Cryer said.But it really wasn't worth it to stay open on Wednesday evening.Despite store hours varying widely, most owners are under the misconception that their neighbors are closing on Wednesday.A quick survey of the more than three dozen stores resulted in few midweek closures on a regular basis.Sunday is still the traditional day of rest and church for most, although a few hearty souls are opening in the afternoon."Sometimes Sunday is our busiest day," said Joe Slate on Tuesday.
He was running Holladay Antiques so his wife and owner, Rachel, could take time off.Louise Garner and her family keep "Heavenly Treasures" a combination gift and flower shop, open six days a week, but said she will never open on Sunday.But we try to be open every other day and have consistent opening and closing times for the customer.Mayor Clif Knight remembers a time more than 40 years ago when all Hartselle businesses closed on Wednesday, but he's not surprised that businesses are getting away from tradition.
Now many retailers are becoming aware that many of the report's recommendations intended to help them will in fact hurt them and reward mediocre or failed retailers at the expense of successful operators, Mr Verwer said the right of the owner at any form of property to recover that property at the end of a lease was fundamental to the principles of ownership in any democracy. This master, known as a legal property valuers, can either be an enrolled authority or an approved property valuers.
Given we faced the possibility of national retail lease legislation with leases in perpetuity and third party setting of rents, yesterday's announcement of the Government's package for Small Business reform is a pretty good outcome for retail property owners. When you have a property Property valuation report Melbourne at your side, he or she can help make a remarkable condition into the contract communicating that the vendor must leave the property in commendable condition. These principles will form the basis of the Government's safety net for retail lease legislation.
Property Council this week announced its 1997 Shopping Centre Marketing Awards for 1997 at the International Shopping Centre Conference in Queensland. The Awards evening recognized marketing efforts from around the country in five different categories and across various size bands. Shopping Centre Division Jones Lang Wootton presented the awards at a gala event on the Gold Coast on Monday evening.
Australia's shopping centres are to have a stronger public profile with the formation of a new high-level policy group within the Property Council of Australia and the appointments of a national spokesperson and an executive director for the industry. will chair a new national policy committee of the Shopping Centre's Council of Australia comprising shopping centre chief executives.
The new role of national spokesperson will be undertaken by Ms Anna Booth and Duncan Fair-weather has been appointed executive director. It is not hard to be debilitated by the universe of property law and property legitimate consultants, particularly if you have had no dealings with authorities beforehand, yet valuation Lawyers are there to do the industrious work for you and extraordinary online valuations organizations will help to reduce your uneasiness, rather than add to it. Announcing these moves today, the National President of the Property Council, Mr John McCarthy, said the shopping centre industry played a vital role within the Australian economy and the community.
It was important for this to be reflected in a high level commitment to policy issues and the appointment of experienced people to represent the industry. Anna Booth has valuable experience in dealing with public policy in her former role as a union leader and in her current directorships of SOCOG and the Commonwealth Bank.
She will be the new face of the shopping centre industry at a time when it recognizes the need for closer communication and consultation with stakeholders to better serve the needs of consumers. Anna Booth said she should have a two-way communication role. My first job is to listen to and talk with people - to the shopping centre operators about what they need to deliver to the millions of Australians who have invested their retirement savings in shopping centre's - and also to the retail tenants about their needs in running a successful business.
My role will be to act as a sounding board for stakeholders and also to communicate effectively the significant contribution made by shopping centre's to Australia's economic well-being.Her role broadened as she rose to become the leader of the Textile Clothing and Footwear Union of Australia and an ACTU Vice President in the decade of Australia's globalization, 1985 to 1995.
In 1990 her service sector experience commenced when she joined the board of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia as it was preparing for privatization and since then she has added the hospitality industry to her portfolio of experience, joining Star City in 1995 where her responsibilities up to the end of 1997 included human resource management, government relations and communications. The straightforward truth is, all valuer melbourne price specialists would need to embrace an incredible same careful neighborhood enquires and investigates.
Duncan Fair-weather joins the Australian Council of Shopping Centre's with a background of over 30 years experience in the media and public affairs. He worked as a radio and television journalist in New Zealand, Britain and Australia, spending 10 years with the ABC, based in Sydney and Canberra, including three years as Chief Political Correspondent.
He was Chief of Staff to the former Leader of the Opposition, John Hewson, from 1990 to 1993. Duncan then spent four years with Westpac Banking Corporation with responsibility for government relations. Australia's retail industry is a major force in the economy with a 1996/97 turnover of $116 billion which accounted for 23% of GDP Retail sales in regional shopping centre have amounted to $14 billion or 12% of total retail turnover.
Most merchants in regional shopping centre's are experienced and well-established retailers - typically more than 70% have more than one shop and nearly half of them have more than 10 shops. Queensland Minister for Tourism, Small Business and Industry, Mr Bruce Davidson, today announced a new Ministerial Retail Advisory Council featuring several Property Council of Australia members.
Mr Davidson said the Advisory Council would be charged with providing industry feedback on the Queensland Government's retail policies. While Queensland's existing Retail Tenancies legislation was widely acknowledged as "best practice", there was still room for improvement.
One of the first tasks of the Advisory Council will be to examine a draft Retail Strategy which has been prepared over recent months by the Department of Tourism, Small Business and Industry in consultation with retailers. Contained in the draft strategy are proposed areas for amendment to the Retail Shop Leases Act which will be considered in the context of developments which have occurred at the Federal level.
Mr Davidson said the Queensland Government was committed to playing a leadership role in supporting Minister Reith's reform process and as a measure of that support for best practice development, He had allocated $600,000 over the next three years to ensure the ongoing reform of retail tenancy measures in Queensland.Key areas to be further examined include the development of business and management skills for small retailers, the introduction of an information and advisory service of franchising and retail tenancy enhancement.
Minister Reith told today's function that he would continue to consult with the Property Council on issues relating to the small business reform package, as he has done since taking on the Small Business portfolio earlier this year. The last time a review was conducted affecting this industry in this State was 1998.
So why are we having a review in Victoria now? The answer is of course, that we have a new Government, which promised a review, In their policy platform called Taking Care of Small Business they told us that the review would take place "with a view to : Removal of the 1000 square metre floor-space limit on coverage of the Retail Tenancies Act. Conveyancing structure is central however mistaking to perform for that person who have no data in this field and in light of that it is essential for a singular individual to pick an assent and experienced property valuers to make your system performed effectively.
There are a number of problems, serious problems, with this policy. The problems have their genesis in the fact that this policy was announced just a few days before the election without any prior consultation with Property Council.There was no opportunity for a key section of the industry to have an input into the policy; no opportunity to point out the shortcomings of the policy; no opportunity to point out where the real need for reform is.
So we have a policy developed in a vacuum where one of the key stakeholders has not had an input. It is a flawed policy. But to their credit the Government has not moved precipitately to introduce it. There is now therefore an opportunity for the Government to consult Property Council about the issues. There is an opportunity to show leadership in seeking to understand the issues. There is an opportunity to honor the intent of the policy without adhering to the absolute literal letter of the policy.
The rhetoric surrounding the policy is that the changes proposed are pro small business; that they will protect small business…presumably against big business. Let us be very clear about this. If small business needs protection against big business, then this is not the way to do it.
These proposed changes will not do small business any good. They will not do big business any good. They will not do any business any good.They are misguided changes. They are anti-business; they are anti-investment If there is a need to protect small business, we need to be very clear about what we are protecting small business against. It has not defined it, nor has it defined how big that problem is either by the number of businesses it affects, nor by what it costs.
The proposed cure is worse than the as yet unspecified illness. Indeed it's not apparent that 2 there is a severe illness. There is no evidence that the retail sector is in a slump, much less that it is in a slump caused by big business being unfair to small business, or that the actions of so-called big landlords is sending small retailers broke.
If such a problem exists, where are the statistics to show us how a big a problem it is? Is it a ten per cent problem, or a one per cent problem? I think the real issue is that we have not defined the problem. Let me identify for you the real areas where reform is needed.
Property Council represents owners of retail property, but also a number of retailers. These businesses operate in a regulated marketplace for the very simple reason that Governments throughout Australia have taken a collective decision to introduce certain societal and economic objectives into the way shopping centre's operating.
It is a regulatory regime which seeks to balance reasonable protection for retailers with the aim of encouraging reinvestment by owners in these centre's, and trying to create a climate where the owners, millions of mum and dad investors, many of whose retirement incomes depend on the profitability of these centre's, will be satisfied investors and reinvestors.
The returns delivered are by and large steady and predictable, reliable without being spectacular. The shares in these investments are generally not volatile but offer stability and certainty. Certainty is essential for those who manage the centres on behalf of investors, the millions of mums and dads who in turn want certainty of retirement income.
Worse, if security of tenure is introduced, it will restrict the capacity of the landlord to manage the building, and would drive down rents and the value of the building. valuations will make an extra effort to get success in the process.One of the key things to understand here is that such changes would make Victoria even less attractive as an investment destination and would be highly likely to drive potential investors to invest in NSW or Queensland where such restrictions do not apply.
the restriction on ratchet clauses and interference in the negotiation of rents between parties will create major impediments to the development of new commercial premises, especially purpose built premises where it is critical to the landlord that rent does not fall below initial levels.When such disincentives are added to Victoria's already onerous land tax and stamp duty regime which the Government inherited it is likely to significantly inhibit new investment and may even result in a sell down of the State's assets.
We have had a proposal for a national Shopping Centre Mediation Service before the federal Council of the Australian Retailers Association now for some months, where we believe , unfortunately, it has stalled. Get qualified real estate Property Valuations or settlement agents before selling your residential properties. The above are just a few of the credits available to taxpayers for 2000 tax This is a proposal for a system to sort out commercial disputes about rents, leases and conditions for existing leases, where the two parties are unable to resolve the dispute themselves, and are unwilling to go to the Tribunal.
It is absolutely fundamental for ongoing investment in this sector that the right solutions be applied to identify problems. They are significant disincentives to investment, and while this Government did not create those problems, it has the opportunity to show leadership and to fix them.
But if the Government adds to an onerous regime of land taxes a change which removes the property rights of commercial property owners it will make Victoria a most unattractive place to invest. It is change, which would hurt the nearly two million mum and dad investors who rely on shopping centre trusts for income, and it would ultimately hurt the very people the Government was trying to protect, the small retailers by shrinking the economy.
The current scenario is indeed very similar to the late 1980s cycle, with the exception that this time there is no threat of over-supply. In addition to Kinnaird House, Pall Mall East (6,503 sq m) which is expected to be completed early next year. The company is to begin speculative construction of the two 13,470 sq m and 17,837 sq m office blocks.
City and West End is to redevelop properties at 30-32 Savile Row, 20-21 Clifford Street and 10-13 Old Burlington Street, W1 to provide around 6,503 sq m of office space. Take-up in the City fell back slightly in November/December. A total of approximately 93,000 sq m was let during this time, underpinned by two major pre-lets.
A few years ago, the church had voted to become a "purpose-driven" church as opposed to a "program-driven" church, Smith said. Buying or selling property transactions with our qualified valuers from well known real estate valuations industries. In the first, Bankers Trust Company took 20,252 sq m at 1 Appold Street, Broadgate, EC2.The second letting was to Andersen Consulting which took 30,657 sq m at 33 Holborn Circus.The take-up profile is dominated by smaller units. In the core, a third of lettings during November/December comprised units of up to 500 sq m. Units of between 500 sqm and 4,645 sq m accounted for around a fifth of space taken up.
Following strong letting activity at the prime end of the market in September/October, take-up of Grade A accommodation fell back during November/December, reflecting in part the tight supply of such accommodation.Take-up throughout the West End increased by a third over May/June. A total figure of 60,000 sq m is the highest bi-monthly in 1998 so far.
The other notable feature of the overall lettings is that all the activity took place within the core areas. The increase in lettings has pushed the bi-monthly average for the West End core up from 41,200 sq m to 45,900 sq m. Total take-up for 1998 at the end of August was 183,600 sq m. Despite a slow-down in economic growth and continued fears of an impending global recession, the West End market remains relatively active.
The figures demonstrate the caution that occupiers are displaying in committing themselves to new liabilities. Rental growth is being sustained due to a lack of supply, although the rate is slowing down.You have to make a search to find the Brisbane Property Valuations.


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A day after off-spinner Harbhajan Singh was robbed of his valuables, police here today revealed that a revolver was stolen from the house of another Indian cricketer, Praveen Kumar.
"We received a complaint from cricketer Praveen Kumar on December 9 alleging that his revolver has been stolen from his Multan Nagar residence," revealed the T P Nagar police station incharge.
He informed that an investigation into the matter has been initiated but added that it seems the cricketer might have misplaced the weapon somewhere in his home.
However, family members of Praveen believe that the revolver went missing from the home after the cricketer had an interaction with his fans.
"On the morning of December 9, Praveen was interacting with his fans in the courtyard and in the evening we found that the revolver was missing from the home. We searched our house for two days but could not locate the weapon, after that we informed the police," said a family member of the cricketer.
The missing revolver was bought by Praveen after his inclusion into the national side, elder brother of the cricketer, Vinay Kumar, said.
Interestingly, Harbhajan lost his passport, credit cards and driving license to a group of thieves, who vandalised his car, at a place near Karnal yesterday.
Praveen is currently nursing a rib injury which led to Karnataka seamer Abhimanyu Mithun replacing him in the Indian team for the upcoming tour of Australia.
Kaif, Kambli, Pataudi: Did you know these sports stars turned politicians?


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2012 Olympics jobs for East End's unemployed' pledge
Published: 1:31 AM July 15, 2009 Updated: 8:14 AM October 14, 2020
THE 2012 Olympics project could be helping find jobs for the unemployed in East London, according to latest figures. More than 10,000 people have been working on the site so far, including the 4,400 currently there who include one-in-10 previously out of work
THE 2012 Olympics project could be helping find jobs for the unemployed in East London, according to latest figures out today (Wednesday).
More than 10,000 people have been working on the site so far, including the 4,400 currently employed there.
One-in-10 was previously out of work, according to the Olympics authority.
One-in-five of the workers living in the five neighbouring host' boroughs of Tower Hamlets, Newham, Hackney, Waltham Forest and Greenwich were unemployed.
Half the workforce is said to live in London.
The targets are a workforce of at least 10 to 15 per cent living in East London and making sure at least seven per cent were previously out of work. The authority also hopes to put at least 2,250 people into training or placements up to 2012.


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In traveling town hall, candidates seek to appeal to JMU students – an untapped well of mid-term voters
By Ryan Alessi, Publisher
Instead of only hoping JMU students show up to vote in the Nov. 6 Election, many of the candidates in the biggest races affecting Harrisonburg will bring their campaigns to JMU students on Wednesday, Oct. 10.
Candidates or representatives from Virginia's U.S. Senate race, the open 6th Congressional District contest and those running for the two spots on Harrisonburg city council will embark on an old fashion barnstorming tour by bus – bus-storming? – to three JMU residence hall areas. It's being billed as a Traveling Town Hall complete with free pizza and the candidates' best talking points. Each candidate will have between five and seven minutes to address the audience of first-time or relatively new voters.
Wave or ripple? Voter registration numbers in Harrisonburg on an ordinary path to the mid-terms.
By Jeremiah Knupp, Senior Contributor
Independent council candidates are running from the right and left in this fall's election
By Ian Munro, Contributor
This November, Harrisonburg voters will choose two candidates for city council out of a field of five: two Democrats, three independents but, for the second straight election, no Republican. A Republican last ran for city council seat in 2014.
Still, two of the independent candidates – Frank McMillan and Carolyn Frank – have embraced certain conservative philosophies, such as wanting to reduce the tax burden. A third independent, Paloma Saucedo, is running on a progressive platform.
That has the Democratic candidates – Chris Jones and Sal Romero – facing independent opposition from both ends of the political spectrum.
Hello Harrisonburg, we're here to inform you
By hburgcitizen
To those of us who live here, Harrisonburg is a lot of things – growing, increasingly diverse, quirky. But above all, it's home.
Earlier this year, several of us who have an interest in news and have chosen to live in Harrisonburg – or to return here – began discussing ways we could help our community.
What emerged was the foundation for The Citizen: an online news organization that will provide, without a paywall, in-depth coverage of community issues and information we need to know to be active and informed participants in this democracy. We are driven by curiosity, not any political philosophy. And our goal is to not just explain what happened, but to provide a clearer picture of why and how using any and all tools available to us.


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Spousal Immunity vs. Marital Privilege
SPOUSAL IMMUNITY The rule forbidding one spouse to testify for or against the other is based on principles which are deem...
SPOUSAL IMMUNITY
The rule forbidding one spouse to testify for or against the other is based on principles which are deemed important to preserve the marriage relation as one of full confidence and affection, and this is regarded as more important to the public welfare than that the exigencies of the lawsuits should authorize domestic peace to be disregarded for the sake of ferreting out facts within the knowledge of strangers.
Requisites in order for the spousal immunity to apply
That the spouse for or against whom the testimony is offered is a party to the case;
That the spouses are validly married;
The testimony is one that is offered during the existence of the marriage (Riano, Evidence: A Restatement for the Bar, p. 266, 2009 ed.); and
The case is not one of the exceptions provided in the rule. (Herrera, Vol. V, p. 302, 1999 ed.)
Kind of testimony is covered by the prohibition
The prohibition extends not only to testimony adverse to the spouse but also to a testimony in favor of the spouse. (Sec. 22, Rule 130; Riano, Evidence: A Restatement for the Bar, p. 265, 2009 ed.)
It does not apply in the case of estranged spouses, where the marital and domestic relations are so strained that there is no more harmony to be preserved nor peace and tranquility which may be disturbed (Alvarez vs Ramirez, October 14, 2005)
Exceptions to the spousal immunity
In a civil case by one against the other; or
In a criminal case for a crime committed by one against the other or the latter's direct descendants or ascendants (Sec. 22), or
Where the testimony was made outside the marriage.
This can be waived just like any other objection to the competency of other witnesses. It can be waived through failure to interpose timely objection by calling the other spouse as a witness.
If an accused marries the prosecution witness for the sole purpose of sealing the lips of the witness, the prohibition may apply as long as a valid marriage exists at the time of the trial, the witness-spouse cannot be compelled to testify even where the crime charged is against the witness' person, and even though the marriage was entered into for the express purpose of suppressing the testimony.
The marital privilege is a right that only legally married persons have in court. Also called the husband-wife privilege, it protects the privacy of communications between spouses. The privilege allows them to refuse to testify about communications they have privately exchanged as marital partners.
Requisites for the application of this privilege
There was a valid marriage;
The privilege is invoked with respect to a confidential communication between the spouses during the said marriage; and
The spouse against whom such evidence is being offered has not given his consent to such testimony. (Sec. 24, Rule 130)
The privilege is inapplicable
In a criminal case for a crime committed by one against the other or the latter's direct ascendants or descendants.
Third persons who, without the knowledge of the spouses, overhear the communication are not disqualified to testify. Except when there is collusion and voluntary disclosure to a third party, that third party becomes an agent and cannot testify.
In United States v. Concepcion, 31 Phil. 182 (1915) the basis of the rule is said to be the "considerations of public policy growing out of the marital relation." Said the Court: "To allow one to testify for or against the other would be to subject him or her to great temptation to commit perjury and to endanger the harmony and confidence of the marital relation." On the other hand, in People v. Francisco, 78 Phil. 694 (1947), the Court gave as reasons for the privilege the following: "First, identity of interests; second, the consequent danger of perjury; third, the policy of the law which deems it necessary to guard the security and confidences of private life even at the risk of an occasional failure of justice, and which rejects such evidence because its admission would lead to domestic disunion and unhappiness; and fourth, because, where a want of domestic tranquility exists, there is danger of punishing one spouse through the hostile testimony of the other."
To finally differentiate:
Spousal immunity can be invoked only if one of the spouses is a party to the action. While marital privilege can be claimed whether or not the other spouse is a party to the action.
Spousal immunity applies only if the marriage is existing at the time the testimony is offered. While marital privilege can be claimed even after the marriage is dissolved.
Spousal immunity constitutes an absolute prohibition for or against the spouse of the witness. While marital privilege applies only to confidential communications between the spouses.
In spousal immunity, the married witness would not be allowed to take the stand at all because of the disqualification. Even if the testimony is, for or against the objecting spouse. While in marital privilege, the married person is on the stand but the objection of privilege is raised when confidential marital communication is inquired into
The author takes no responsibility for the validity, correctness and result of this work. The information provided is not a legal advice and it should not be used as a substitute for a competent legal advice from a licensed lawyer. See the disclaimer
Martial Law 101
The Requisites in proclaiming Martial Law There must be an invasion or rebellion, and Public safety requires the proclamation o...
The Requisites in proclaiming Martial Law
There must be an invasion or rebellion, and
Public safety requires the proclamation of martial law all over the Philippines or any part thereof.
The invasion and rebellion must be actual and not merely imminent.
The following cannot be done [Art. VII, Sec. 18]:
Suspend the operation of the Constitution.
Supplant the functioning of the civil courts and the legislative assemblies.
Confer jurisdiction upon military courts and agencies over civilians, where civil courts are able to function.
Open Court Doctrine — Civilians cannot be tried by military courts if the civil courts are open and functioning. If the civil courts are not functioning, then civilians can be tried by the military courts. Martial law usually contemplates a case where the courts are already closed and the civil institutions have already crumbled, i.e. a "theater of war." If the courts are still open, the President can just suspend the privilege and achieve the same effect.
Automatically suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus. The President must suspend the privilege expressly.
A "writ of habeas corpus" is an order from the court commanding a detaining officer to inform the court if he has the person in custody, and what is his basis in detaining that person.
The "privilege of the writ" is that portion of the writ requiring the detaining officer to show cause why he should not be tested. What is permitted to be suspended by the President is not the writ itself but its privilege.
The right to bail shall not be impaired even when the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. (Sec. 13, Art. III, 1987 Constitution).
The Role of Congress (See art. VII, sec. 18, par. 1,2)
Congress may revoke the proclamation of martial law or suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus before the lapse of 60 days from the date of suspension or proclamation.
Upon such proclamation or suspension, Congress shall convene at once. If it is not in session, it shall convene in accordance with its rules without need of a call within 24 hours following the proclamation or suspension.
Within 48 hours from the proclamation or the suspension, the President shall submit a report, in person or in writing, to the Congress (meeting in joint session of the action he has taken).
The Congress shall then vote jointly, by an absolute majority. It has two options:
To revoke such proclamation or suspension. When it so revoked, the President cannot set aside (or veto) the revocation as he normally would do in the case of bills.
To extend it beyond the 60-day period of its validity. Congress can only so extend the proclamation or suspension upon the initiative of the President.
The period need not be 60 days; it could be more, as Congress would determine, based on the persistence of the emergency.
The Role of the Supreme Court(See Art. VII, Sec. 18, par. 3)
The Supreme Court may review, in an appropriate proceeding filed by any citizen, the sufficiency of the factual basis of:
the proclamation of martial law or the suspension of the privilege of the writ, or
The Supreme Court declared that it had the power to inquire into the factual basis of the suspension of the privilege of the writ and to annul the same if no legal ground could be established. Hence, the suspension of the privilege of the writ is no longer a political question to be resolved solely by the President. (Lansang v. Garcia, G.R. No. L‐33964, Dec. 11, 1971) This also applies to the proclamation of martial law.
the extension thereof. It must promulgate its decision thereon within 30 days from its filing.
Calling-out power is purely discretionary on the President; the Constitution does not explicitly provide for a judicial review of its factual basis.[IBP v. Zamora (2001)]
The jurisdiction of the SC may be invoked in a proper case.
Although the Constitution reserves to the Supreme Court the power to review the sufficiency of the factual basis of the proclamation or suspension in a proper suit, it is implicit that the Court must allow Congress to exercise its own review powers, which is automatic rather than initiated. Only when Congress defaults in its express duty to defend the Constitution through such review should the Supreme Court step in as its final rampart. The constitutional validity of the President's proclamation of martial law or suspension of the writ of habeas corpus is first a political question in the hands of Congress before it becomes a justiciable one in the hands of the Court.
If the Congress procrastinates or altogether fails to fulfill its duty respecting the proclamation or suspension within the short time expected of it, then the Court can step in, hear the petitions challenging the President's action, and ascertain if it has a factual basis. [Fortun v. Macapagal-Arroyo (2012)]
Petition for habeas corpus
When a person is arrested without a warrant for complicity in the rebellion or invasion, he or someone else in his behalf has the standing to question the validity of the proclamation or suspension.
Before the SC can decide on the legality of his detention, it must first pass upon the validity of the proclamation or suspension.
Limit on Calling out Power.
Test of Arbitrariness: The question is not whether the President or Congress acted correctly, but whether he acted arbitrarily in that the action had no basis in fact. [IBP v. Zamora, (2000)]. Amounts to a determination of whether or not there was grave abuse of discretion amounting to ack or excess of jurisdiction
4 ways for the proclamation or suspension to be lifted: (P-C-S-O)
1. Lifting by the President himself
2. Revocation by Congress
3. Nullification by the Supreme Court
4. Operation of law after 60 days
When martial law is declared, no new powers are given to the President; no extension of arbitrary authority is recognized; no civil rights of individuals are suspended. The relation of the citizens to their State is unchanged. Supreme Court cannot rule upon the correctness of the President's actions but only upon its arbitrariness.
RA 7055 (1991) "An Act Strengthening Civilian Supremacy over the Military by Returning to the Civil Courts the Jurisdiction over Certain Offenses involving Members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, other Persons Subject to Military Law, and the Members of the Philippine National Police, Repealing for the Purpose Certain Presidential Decrees"
RA 7055 effectively placed upon the civil courts the jurisdiction over certain offenses involving members of the AFP and other members subject to military law.
RA 7055 provides that when these individuals commit crimes or offenses penalized under the RPC, other special penal laws, or local government ordinances, regardless of whether civilians are co-accused, victims, or offended parties which may be natural or juridical persons, they shall be tried by the proper civil court, except when the offense, as determined before arraignment by the civil court, is service-connected in which case it shall be tried by court-martial.
The assertion of military authority over civilians cannot rest on the President's power as Commander in Chief or on any theory of martial law. As long as civil courts remain open and are regularly functioning, military tribunals cannot try and exercise jurisdiction over civilians for offenses committed by them and which are properly cognizable by civil courts. To hold otherwise is a violation of the right to due process. [Olaguer v. Military Commission No. 34 (1987)]
Feast of Divine Mercy 2017, El Salvador City
So happy to have attended the last mass during the feast of Divine Mercy. The feast is held every sunday after easter. This shrine has beco...
So happy to have attended the last mass during the feast of Divine Mercy. The feast is held every sunday after easter. This shrine has become favorite stopover of tourist and pilgrims specially diring its feast. Below are some of the pictures taken
Sumptuous Belly Buster Platter at Bigby's Cafe
After sucessful ocular inspection of a property for the prospective client, I fetched my kids at USTP as they were having summer class. Sin...
After sucessful ocular inspection of a property for the prospective client, I fetched my kids at USTP as they were having summer class. Since it was already lunch time, we proceeded to SM Cagayan de Oro craving for sumptous lunch. We headed to Bigby's Cafe. We ordered their best seller "Belly Buster Platter" whish was good for 3-4 persons and some side dishes. While waiting our order, we had a good time taking pictures as well as chatting with our kids about their plan and ambition in life. Later on our order arrived and we took pictures of it.
The "Belly Buster Platter" was indeed very palatable and sumptuous. It satisfies our craving. We had great time in the said place as well. Thank you Bigby's and your very accomodating staffs.
Saying "Putang Ina Mo" Is Not Really To Slander
This case is before us on appeal by certiorari , from the decision of the Court of Appeals affirming that a the municipal court...
This case is before us on appeal by certiorari, from the decision of the Court of Appeals affirming that a the municipal court of Cavite City, convicting Rosauro Reyes of the crimes of grave threats and grave oral defamation, and sentencing him, in the first case (Criminal Case No. 2594), to four (4) months and ten (10) days of arresto mayor and to pay a fine of P300, with subsidiary imprisonment in case of insolvency; and in the second case (Criminal Case No. 2595), to an indeterminate penalty of from four (4) months of arresto mayor to one (1) year and eight (8) months of prison correccional and to pay Agustin Hallare the sum of P800 as moral damages, with costs in both cases.
The petitioner herein, Rosauro Reyes, was a former civilian employee of the Navy Exchange, Sangley Point, Cavite City, whose services were terminated on May 6, 1961. In the afternoon of June 6, 1961, he led a group of about 20 to 30 persons in a demonstration staged in front of the main gate of the United States Naval Station at Sangley Point. They carried placards bearing statements such as, "Agustin, mamatay ka;" "To, alla boss con Nolan;" "Frank do not be a common funk;" "Agustin, mamamatay ka rin"; "Agustin, Nolan for you;" "Agustin alla bos con Nolan;" "Agustin, dillega, el dia di quida rin bo chiquiting;" and others. The base commander, Capt. McAllister, called up Col. Patricia Monzon, who as Philippine Military Liaison Officer at Sangley Point was in charge of preserving harmonious relations between personnel of the naval station and the civilian population of Cavite City. Capt. McAllister requested Col. Monzon to join him at the main gate of the base to meet the demonstrators. Col. Monzon went to the place and talked to Rosauro Reyes and one Luis Buenaventura upon learning that the demonstration was not directed against the naval station but against Agustin Hallare and a certain Frank Nolan for their having allegedly caused the dismissal of Rosauro Reyes from the Navy Exchange, Col. Monzon suggested to them to demonstrate in front of Hallare's residence, but they told him that they would like the people in the station to know how they felt about Hallare and Nolan. They assured him, however, that they did not intend to use violence, as "they just wanted to blow off steam."
At that time Agustin Hallare was in his office inside the naval station. When he learned about the demonstration he became apprehensive about his safety, so he sought Col. Monzon's protection. The colonel thereupon escorted Hallare, his brother, and another person in going out of the station, using his (Monzon's) car for the purpose. Once outside, Col. Monzon purpose slowed down to accommodate the request of Reyes. He told Hallare to take a good look at the demonstrators and at the placards they were carrying. When the demonstrators saw Hallare they shouted, "Mabuhay si Agustin." Then they boarded their jeeps and followed the car. One jeep overtook passed the car while the other to led behind. After Hallare and his companions had alighted in front of his residence at 967 Burgos St., Cavite City, Col. Monzon sped away.
The three jeeps carrying the demonstrators parked in front of Hallare's residence after having gone by it twice Rosauro Reyes got off his jeep and posted himself at the gate, and with his right hand inside his pocket and his left holding the gate-door, he shouted repeatedly, "Agustin, putang ina mo. Agustin, mawawala ka. Agustin lumabas ka, papatayin kita." Thereafter, he boarded his jeep and the motorcade left the premises. Meanwhile, Hallare, frightened by the demeanor of Reyes and the other demonstrators, stayed inside the house.
On the basis of the foregoing events Rosauro Reyes was charged on July 24 and 25, 1961 with grave threats and grave oral defamation, respectively (Criminal Cases Nos. 2594 and 2595, Municipal Court of Cavite City), as follows;
The undersigned City Fiscal of the City of Cavite accuses Rosauro Reyes of the crime of Grave Threats, as defined by Article 282 of the Revised Penal Code and penalized by paragraph 2 of the same Article, committed as follows:
That on or about June 6, 1961, in the City of Cavite, Republic of the Philippines and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above named accused, did then and there, willfully, unlawfully and feloniously, orally threaten to kill, one Agustin Hallare.
Contrary to law.
Cavite City, July 24, 1961.
DEOGRACIAS S. SOLIS
City Fiscal
BY: (SGD.) BUEN N. GUTIERREZ
The undersigned complainant, after being duly sworn to an oath in accordance with law, accuses Rosauro Reyes of the crime of Grave Oral Defamation, as defined and penalized by Article 358 of the Revised Penal Code, committed as follows:
That on or about June 6, 1961, in the City of Cavite, Republic of the Philippines and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above named accused, without any justifiable motive but with the intention to cause dishonor, discredit and contempt to the undersigned complainant, in the presence of and within hearing of several persons, did then and there, willfully, unlawfully and feloniously utter to the undersigned complainant the following insulting and serious defamatory remarks, to wit: "AGUSIN, PUTANG INA MO". which if translated into English are as follows: "Agustin, Your mother is a whore."
(SGD.) AGUSTIN HALLARE
Subscribed and sworn to before me this. 25th day of July, 1961, in the City of Cavite, Philippines.
(SGD.) BUEN N. GUTIERREZ
Upon arraignment, the accused pleaded not guilty to both charges and the cases were set for joint trial. On the day of the hearing the prosecution moved to amend the information in Criminal Case No. 2594 for grave threats by deleting therefrom the word "orally". The defense counsel objected to the motion on the ground that the accused had already been arraigned on the original information and that the amendment "would affect materially the interest of the accused." Nevertheless, the amendment was allowed and the joint trial proceeded.
From the judgment of conviction the accused appeal to the Court of Appeals, which returned a verdict of affirmance. A motion for reconsideration having been denied, the accused brought this appeal by certiorari.
Petitioner avers that the Court of Appeals erred: (1) in affirming the proceedings in the lower court allowing the substantial amendment of the information for grave threats after petitioner had been arraigned on the original information; (2) in proceeding with the trial of the case of grave threats without first requiring petitioner to enter his plea on the amended information; (3) in convicting petitioner of both offenses when he could legally be convicted of only one offense, thereby putting him in jeopardy of being penalized twice for the same offense; (4) in convicting petitioner of grave threats when the evidence adduced and considered by the court tend to establish the offense of light threats only; and (5) in convicting petitioner of grave oral defamation when the evidence tend to establish that of simple slander only.
On the first error assigned, the rule is that after the accused has pleaded the information may be amended as to all matters of form by leave and at the discretion of the court when the same can be done without prejudice to the rights of the defendant (Section 13, Rule 110, New Rules of Court). Amendments that touch upon matters of substance cannot be permitted after the plea is entered.
After a careful consideration of the original information, we find that all the elements of the crime of grave threats as defined in Article 282 1 of the Revised Penal Code and penalized by its paragraph 2 were alleged therein namely: (1) that the offender threatened another person with the infliction upon his person of a wrong; (2) that such wrong amounted to a crime; and (3) that the threat was not subject to a condition. Hence, petitioner could have been convicted thereunder. It is to be noted that under the aforementioned provision the particular manner in which the threat is made not a qualifying ingredient of the offense, such that the deletion of the word "orally" did not affect the nature and essence of the crime as charged originally. Neither did it change the basic theory of the prosecution that the accused threatened to kill Rosauro Reyes so as to require the petitioner to undergo any material change or modification in his defense. Contrary to his claim, made with the concurrence of the Solicitor General, petitioner was not exposed after the amendment to the danger of conviction under paragraph 1 of Article 282, which provides for a different penalty, since there was no allegation in the amended information that the threat was made subject to a condition. In our view the deletion of the word "orally" was effected in order to make the information conformable to the evidence to be presented during the trial. It was merely a formal amendment which in no way prejudiced petitioner's rights.
Petitioner next contends that even assuming that the amendment was properly allowed, the trial court committed a reversible error in proceeding with the trial on the merits without first requiring him to enter his plea to the amended information. Considering, however, that the amendment was not substantial, no second plea was necessary at all.
The third and fourth issues are related and will be discussed together. Petitioner avers that the appellate court erred in affirming the decision of the trial court erred in affirming him of grave threats and of grave oral defamation when he could legally be convicted of only one offense, and in convicting him of grave threats at all when the evidence adduced and considered by the court indicates the commission of light threats only.
The demonstration led by petitioner Agustin Hallare in front of the main gate of the naval station; the fact that placards with threatening statements were carried by the demonstrators; their persistence in trailing Hallare in a motorcade up to his residence; and the demonstration conducted in front thereof, culminating in repeated threats flung by petitioner in a loud voice, give rise to only one conclusion: that the threats were made "with the deliberate purpose of creating in the mind of the person threatened the belief that the threat would be carried into effect." Indeed, Hallare became so apprehensive of his safety that he sought the protection of Col. Monzon, who had to escort him home, wherein he stayed while the demonstration was going on. It cannot be denied that the threats were made deliberately and not merely in a temporary fit of anger, motivated as they were by the dismissal of petitioner one month before the incident. We, therefore, hold that the appellate court was correct in upholding petitioner's conviction for the offense of grave threats.
The charge of oral defamation stemmed from the utterance of the words, "Agustin, putang ina mo". This is a common enough expression in the dialect that is often employed, not really to slander but rather to express anger or displeasure. It is seldom, if ever, taken in its literal sense by the hearer, that is, as a reflection on the virtues of a mother. In the instant case, it should be viewed as part of the threats voiced by appellant against Agustin Hallare, evidently to make the same more emphatic. In the case of Yebra, G.R. No. L-14348, Sept. 30, 1960, this Court said:
The letter containing the allegedly libelous remarks is more threatening than libelous and the intent to threaten is the principal aim and object to the letter. The libelous remarks contained in the letter, if so they be considered, are merely preparatory remarks culminating in the final threat. In other words, the libelous remarks express the beat of passion which engulfs the writer of the letter, which heat of passion in the latter part of the letter culminates into a threat. This is the more important and serious offense committed by the accused. Under the circumstances the Court believes, after the study of the whole letter, that the offense committed therein is clearly and principally that of threats and that the statements therein derogatory to the person named do not constitute an independent crime of libel, for which the writer maybe prosecuted separately from the threats and which should be considered as part of the more important offense of threats.
The foregoing ruling applies with equal force to the facts of the present case.
WHEREFORE, the decision appealed from is hereby reversed and petitioner is acquitted, with costs de oficio, insofar as Criminal Case No. 2595 of the Court a quo (for oral defamation) is concerned; and affirmed with respect to Criminal Case No. 2594, for grave threats, with costs against petitioner.
G.R. Nos. L-21528 and L-21529, March 28, 1969
ROSAURO REYES, petitioner, vs. THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, respondent.
MAKALINTAL, J.:
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CWS Update October 2015
A monthly news bulletin that takes a look at development issues, provides analysis of global justice issues and keeps you updated with the work of CWS. An alternative to mainstream media sources. Past issues can be read here
Download as PDF or read the text below:
Ama Takiloa members in Makaunga, Tonga show off lettuces grown in their Demonstration Garden. Their gardening was so successful that they have established an Extension Demonstration plot. With El Nino likely to bring drought to Tonga this summer, investing in food will be more important than ever.
For Your Diary
11– 18 October Churches' Week of Action on Food
29 October —5:30 pm Rod Oram "How Small Change Makes Big Change" at St Matthew in the City Auckland. All welcome. RSVP now.
1 November Fast for the Climate
14 – 18 November Methodist Conference
Fight Hunger with Food
Ahead of World Food Day the Food and Agricultural Organisation reported a decline in the numbers of undernourished people. It estimated 795 million people are hungry, down 167 million over the last decade. On World Food Day (16 October), the FAO called for more investment in social protection in rural areas where nearly 80% of poor people are found. It urged support for over 500 million small family farms to help eliminate hunger. Many CWS partners work with small farmers to improve their return and family nutrition. Monlar in Sri Lanka is one partner that has strengthened relationships with government policymakers in an effort to promote more sustainable farming practice for smallholders and promote food sovereignty.
Sparks in the Stubble
In Christchurch, Rod Oram was intent on lighting a few sparks at the Transitional Cathedral. Despite the magnitude of current crises ranging from ecological disasters to war in Syria, he expressed his belief that by making small change, big change will happen. At the well-supported gathering to celebrate 70 years of service, National Director Pauline McKay and retired Bishop David Coles recalled the first Christmas Appeal in 1945. Rod Oram will speak in Auckland at St Matthew in the City at 5:30pm, 29 October. Please join us. RSVP for catering.
Refugee Update
ACT Alliance continues to help record numbers of refugees reaching Europe with food, shelter and other assistance. The UNHCR reported over 643,000 people had arrived via the Mediterranean. Syrians see no hope at home. Refugees are worried borders will close in Europe. Please pray for them and support the Syria Appeal.
Last month DSPR Jordan ran more training for trainers' (refugee volunteers) workshops promoting girls' education and support for mothers as well as 2 children's forums, 5 life skills workshops for young people and one free medical day in Souf camp. They provided food and hygiene coupons to 220 Iraqi families.
ACT Alliance along with 153 religious leaders from different faith groups handed over a statement to Christina Figueres, executive director of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change ahead of final negotiations in Bonn this week. The declaration calls for a fair and ambitious agreement, cuts in emissions, financial support and ecological stewardship.
World Disasters Report
The Red Cross reported 317 natural disasters affecting almost 107 million people in 94 countries last year. 87% of these disasters were climate related. The report highlighted the effectiveness of local groups in the first response although often underfunded.
Caring: Our Common Home
Caritas has released its inaugural overview of environmental issues facing people in Oceania or the Pacific: Caring for our Common Home.
Palestine/Israel: Peace Please
Concerned about growing violence, the ACT Palestine Forum asks the global community to hold to the vision of peace that is fading from their land. In writing to CWS last week, DSPR's Bernard Sabella underlined the need to address the root causes or the situation will only worsen. Zack Sabella reflects on events.
For an in-depth look at global issues, CWS recommends the award-winning New Internationalist magazine. They also sell calendars, books on topical issues and recycled products.
Philippines: Typhoons
Two years on from Typhoon Haiyan, National Council of Churches in the Philippines and Developers have reported back on their achievements. They focused on vulnerable communities, and are supporting people needing help to rebuild homes and livelihoods.
Supporters' Council
CWS supporters (those who have made a financial contribution in the last two years) are invited to the annual Supporters' Council. The meeting is on Saturday, 21 November at 10 am – 1 pm with lunch provided at St Andrew's on the Terrace, 30 The Terrace, Wellington. Nominations are open for a Supporter's Council position on the Board. RSVP by November 13 to Emma at 03 3669 274.
Please help us make our 70th appeal count. Leaflets and posters are available for order from Emma. Other resources are being added to the website.
Giving made Simple
Choose a gift and multiply the good. Give once to someone on your list and to family that needs to grow food or income. Ask for a catalogue or order cards and e-cards online.
Climate Justice: We have Faith
Climate justice supporters are currently cycling through Southern Africa collecting signatures on an ACT Alliance initiated climate justice petition. If you support them, please sign it.
About Update
Update provides news, information and stories. Reproduction of items is encouraged with attribution to CWS. Current and back issues are available.


There are many benefits to doing research as an undergraduate. It illustrates the application of material learned in class to real problems. It is a chance to do things that professional chemists do (the correct answer is not always known beforehand!). It may provide a topic for the seminar course and something to discuss at job interviews. It allows a student and professor to work closely (the best student:faculty ratio possible, 1:1), which is valuable when the time comes to ask for recommendations for jobs and/or graduate school. It extends the typical college experience of learning information to generating new information.
Students who have completed Chem 105 or a higher numbered course may enroll in Introduction to Chemistry Research with permission of an instructor. Students with junior status (60 credits) and a 3.0 Grade Point Average can take Independent Study and do research under the supervision of a faculty member. For either course, one credit is received for 3-4 hours in the lab per week (during interim it would be 3-4 hours per day). Chem 446 may also be taken for two credits.
The Faculty & Undergraduate Student Research Collaboration Program is sponsored by the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh. A student prepares a research proposal with a faculty advisor (usually due in February); if the proposal is selected, the student is awarded a salary of $3000 which can be used full time for 8 weeks in the summer or for 10 hours a week during the academic year. $550 is provided for supplies and equipment. Applications are available on the website of the Office of Student Research and Creative Activities.
The Ronald McNair Post-Baccalaureate Achievement Program supports students who wish to pursue a PhD, and who are from a group currently underrepresented in graduate programs such as African-American, Latino, Native American, first generation (neither parent graduated from college), and low income students. More information is available from the UW Oshkosh McNair Scholars website.
Some professors in the department have research grants which include money to pay student researchers. This avenue may require a student to be patient and find a back-up job because notification of an award may not be until April or May.
The Department has several STEP (Student Titan Employment Program) positions each year. Most are research positions. They are advertised through Titan Jobs.
Please feel free to talk to any professors about their projects before deciding what you want to do.
The Chemistry Alumni Research Award was made possible as a result of generous gifts by chemistry alumni. Established in 1997, the award recognizes undergraduate chemistry majors for achievement in and potential for productive research. Junior and senior Chemistry majors who have participated in research may apply for the Award to support professional enhancement (professional travel, books, software, memberships, journal subscriptions, etc.).
You can spend a summer or semester doing full-time research at one of the Department of Energy laboratories: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and Sandia National Laboratories (CA and NM). The program is restricted to US citizens.
ORISE lists paid opportunities at a variety of government labs including Department of Energy and Centers for Disease Control.
WebGURU (GUide to Research for Undergraduates) offers lots of suggestions on how to find and benefit from a research experience.
You may be able to earn credit for CHEM 495: Chemistry Research Internship during your off-campus experience. More information is available on the Internship page.


I just finished reading a book called "A Return to Modesty: Discovering the Lost Virtue" by Wendy Shalit. Although the book was written in 1999, its wisdom is timeless. Indeed, it is quite remarkable to watch Shalit skillfully illustrate the troubling cultural messages being communicated to girls and young women about their bodies, sexuality and femininity. This book is still a must-read.
And the stakes are higher than ever and the consequences of poor decisions can be long lasting and quite dire.
Clearly, Fishburne was not happy with this situation but Montana wouldn't listen to him. In fact, to block the release of the video, Fishburne's friends even offered the film producer what he apparently considered too "modest a sum" -- $1M for all of the copies. The producer distributed the film and it reportedly sold so well that he offered Montana a multi-picture deal.


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Sentinelci su narod koji žive na otoku Sjeverni Sentinel u Bengalskom zaljevu. Nikada nisu imali kontakt s vanjskim svijetom. Govore sentinelski jezik koji nije klasificiran. Glede tehnološkog razvoja na dnu su ljestvice. Bave se lovom i skupljanjem plodova. Ne znaju brojiti dalje od tri, ne poznaju vatru ni poljoprivredu. Spadaju u rijetke nekontaktirane domorodačke narode. Po procjenama ih ima oko 250.

Niskog su rasta (oko 160 cm), tamne kože i iznimno kovrčave kose. O njihovom načinu života zna se vrlo malo, pretpostavlja se da su prije oko 60.000 godina došli iz Afrike. Žive u kolibama. Koriste lukove i strijele, te harpune. Sentinelci koriste svinjsku lubanju, te još neke ornamente, kao i crvenu boju na odjeći, kao ukras. Poznati su po svojoj negostoljubivosti. Sve strance koji se približe ili nađu na otoku pobiju strijelama. Veliki potres i cunami 2004. nije ih uništio. Iz helikoptera uočena je nekolicina muškaraca koja je bacala kamenje i ispaljivala strijele u smjeru letjelice kako bi se obranila od nepoznatog predmeta u zraku. Od 1967. godine indijske su vlasti pokušavale stupiti u kontakt sa Sentinelcima, a te je "kontaktne ekspedicije" predvodio antropolog T. N. Pandit. U pitanju su bili planirani posjeti u kojima bi se domorocima ostavljalo "darove", primjerice kokosove orahe, na obali te ih se na taj način pokušavalo privoljeti na komunikaciju i promijeniti njihov neprijateljski stav prema gostima. Taj je program ugašen 1990-ih godina 20. stoljeća nakon što je par agresivnih susreta završilo tragično. Nekoliko je ljudi ubijeno. Godine 2006. Sentinelci su ubili dva ribara koji su nezakonito lovili ribu u blizini otoka. U studenom 2018. ubili su i američkog turista Johna Allena Chaua, koji je potkupio lokalne ribare da ga dovedu do otoka želeći domoroce pokrstiti.

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