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Powell lays out U.S. case
Started by the 'Hawk , Feb 05 2003 06:35 PM
Colin Powell Iraq War
#1 the 'Hawk
the 'Hawk
^ Hey, why not?
I mean, it's as good a time as any, isn't it?
Edited by Cait, 24 September 2012 - 01:57 PM.
�Now is the hour, Riders of Rohan, oaths you have taken! Now, fulfil them all! To lord and land!�
~ Eomer, LotR:RotK
#2 CJ AEGIS
CJ AEGIS
Warship Guru!
http://www.cnn.com/2...l.un/index.html
"Everything we have seen and heard indicates that, instead of cooperating actively with the inspectors to ensure the success of their mission, Saddam Hussein and his regime are busy doing all they possibly can to ensure that inspectors succeed in finding absolutely nothing," Powell said.
Powell's key points on Iraq
Links to terrorism:
Powell asserted that Iraq has had high-level, long-standing contacts with the al Qaeda terrorist network. He said al Qaeda fugitives from Afghanistan have found safe haven in northern Iraq and al Qaeda associates are operating in Baghdad. Powell also said an al Qaeda fugitive linked to the October killing of U.S. diplomat Laurence Foley in Jordan has found "safe haven" in Iraq and has plotted attacks in Europe.
The mention that the Security Council must act once again or become irrelevant once again shows that if the UN wants to avoid becoming the next League of Nations they better act. France and Germany have once again called for more inspections and that force should be a last resort. It look like though from comments it confirms that Bulgaria is also onboard for forcing Iraq to cooperate.
"History has proven too often and too recently that the nation which relaxes its defenses invites attack."
-Fleet Admiral Nimitz
"Their sailors say they should have flight pay and sub pay both -- they're in the air half the time, under the water the other half""
- Ernie Pyle: Aboard a DE
#3 Bad Wolf
Luck is when opportunity meets preparation
I was listenning to one of those political commentary radio shows (I was in a cab) and the question the commentator kept asking was "Why now? None of this is new. Why now are we suddenly so interested in this?"
#4 Godeskian
Godeskian
You'll be seein' rainbooms
Was any eveidence presented?
Powel merely saying he has proof isn't quite good enough in my books
Defy Gravity!
The Doctor: The universe is big. It's vast and complicated and ridiculous and sometimes, very rarely, impossible things just happen and we call them miracles... and that's a theory. Nine hundred years and I've never seen one yet, but this will do me.
#5 Delvo
There are several reasons why now. One is the steady rise recently in Muslim terrorist activity, leading up to and including September Eleventh and a handful of foiled attempts since then. Another is that Iraq's technology has advanced and is on the verge of getting really nasty in new ways, especially nuclear, and meanwhile it's also been increasing its ties to terrorists, which means that before long Iraq will potentially be not only a much more serious threat to all Middle-Easterners but also an assured source of extremely powerful weapons for terrorists. The last time Iraq was thought to be this close on its nuclear program, that facility was bombed; it's now been just about long enough to catch up again starting over, and they've also made comparable advances now in other weapons of mass destruction, and Islamic terrorism has developed a stronger foothold in mainstream Arab and Muslim culture than it had before.
True, this has been the case for a few years; it's not exactly sudden. But the fact that we were too slow to move on it before does not constitute a reason not to fix it now, which is how most people asking this question seem to mean it. Even if you cross the line slowly enough not to be sure exactly when you crossed it, you still have to recognize THAT you have crossed it; sooner or later the frog has to hop out of that pot, even if it hasn't QUITE YET reached a deadly temperature.
The real question isn't "Why now" but "Why not sooner". And this leads to another answer to "why now": Because we DIDN'T do it sooner. And again there are multiple reasons why we didn't.
One is that the American people did not take the threat of terrorist Islam seriously before. They should have, but it took a somewhat bigger (and closer to home) terrorist act than usual to wake them up to reality. Another reason is that in the 12 years before GW Bush was elected, we only had 2 other Presidents; the first one presided longer ago and might not have had much reason to act, and for whatever valid or invalid reasons did not treat the situation seriously (perhaps because of a Cold War perspective on what threats to the USA look like), and the more recent one presided for 8 years without taking the threat of Muslim terrorists seriously (and also never faced a public that took it seriously).
Also, consider the whole "War on Terrorism". Most of the world didn't mind the action against Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan, because that organization had caused the event that made most Americans (who hadn't already caught on before) see the danger. But terrorism is the real enemy, not Al-Qaeda, and it's much bigger and more widespread. So after that, you have to decide what targets to hit and in what order to hit them, knowing that international support will be less because while these other terrorists are indeed the enemy and a serious threat, they didn't attack us on September 11th. And you have to do it with little clue how to find these targets and do this kind of war against a diffuse enemy instead of a country, largely because your intelligence agencies have been stripped down to nearly nothing over the years by domestic politics. So, given the fact that the overall war on worldwide terrorism has to move on beyond Afghanistan, obviously we have to do SOMETHING next, and it's just a question of WHAT. So the question "Why attack Iraq now" becomes "Of the choices for where to go now, why does Iraq top the list?". And here's why:
1. It's a country, the kind of enemy we can already identify and locate and already know how to fight.
2. We're still trying to put back together the kind of intelligence needed to locate and identify most terrorist targets, and studying what kind of action to take and how to take it when those enemies are identified and located. It's a different kind of war that we need some time to get ready for.
3. Iraq is one of the major powers of that region, and even scarier when you consider the WoMDs. Faced with multiple opponents, picking off the most powerful one first is good basic tactics; it's the most disruptive thing you can do to the whole group and it takes away the possibility of the big tough one getting you while you're distracted with a smaller target.
4. Sort of tied in with #3; in the event that the destruction of one enemy causes "retaliations" from other enemies, those other enemies will not be Iraq (the most powerful one), because that will have been taken care of FIRST.
5. That event is less likely to happen with Iraq as the primary target anyway, because Iraq is the scariest and least popular country in the neighborhood. Their neighbors don't like the idea of Iraq attacking them (especially with WoMDs), and the most religious in the area aren't fond of Iraq's not putting much emphasis on its reiligion. Our elimination of Iraq's current regime makes them safer, and our "freeing" of many devout Muslims of their sect in Iraq demonstrates that we're not crusading against them. Some Middle-Eastern countries have already signed on with the USA in this, and others are putting on a show of objecting but will be happy to sit back and watch it happen, and will subsequently be more amenable to helping us with later phases of the war.
Godeskian, on Feb. 06 2003,07:31, said:
What do you want him to do, bring in a mask and some tanks of something and open it up to kill a bunch of UN members to demonstrate? Or would you then just say that he got the stuff from somewhere outside Iraq? (...or whatever else you think it takes to find a way to claim that there's still really no evidence... since the standards keep getting changed every time the previous standard of proof is met yet again... and nevermind of course the fact that it's Iraq's responsibility to prove it doesn't have the stuff, not the other way around...)
Seriously, if you don't believe the actual weapons and nuclear research notes the inspectors have found, the intelligence reports quoted, the videos and recorded conversations he played back, and the statements of Iraqi defectors and other associates from various other countries (and one other thing I know I'm forgetting) and insist on calling them "not evidence", you might as well take a pacifists' version of the Institute for Creation Research's membership oath (in which one swears to deny the meaning or existence of any evidence one is presented with that doesn't lead to the prescribed conclusion).
#7 Han
When all else fails, use fire.
You know, all this is nice and all, but is anyone in the Bush Administration noticing what's going on in North Korea?
N Korea warns US of pre-emptive action
Crisis Timeline
N Korean defector's warning for leader
Things are heating up and if Kimmy feels like he has nothing to lose...
Um..is Canada in range of N.Korean missiles?
With NK the us is truly playing with fire as there is good reason to believe they have active nuclear ICBM's.
they would to well not to push him into firing first as Kim Il Jong can take out the entire US battlefleet in one shot and still have (projected by the us at least) one or two shots left.
LA and SanFran anyone
Of course they've noticed, and have been working on it; have you paid any attention at all? They're just not reacting the same because it's NOT the same.
North Korea has some bombs with which it could already retaliate, as mentioned above, unlike Iraq, where the idea is to PREVENT them from becoming like North Korea (which is another reason "why now", and in fact means that this delay for over a year with Iraq has just bought them time to get closer). But on top of THAT, there are diplomatic possibilities with North Korea, which don't exist with Iraq. Not because its leader is any less of a nut, but because he feels the pressure of other, bigger, stronger countries in his neighborhood and knows how easily several of them could wipe out everything he has. China wants its puppet to stay in line and not create a war China's not ready for. Russia, Japan, a handful of other Asian countries, and maybe even Australia can also have some influence there and don't want NK to start a war either. And the fact that North Korea's already got big guns and missile launchers at its southern border, with which it can be expected to throw everything it's got to try to wipe out South Korea within minutes of any war's beginning, will make it pracitcally impossible for NK to find any allies, since nobody wants to be complicit in that. Who in the Middle East is willing to really put any pressure on Iraq and stand up to them, until the current regime has been smashed by the USA and its allies first?
What NK's up to is a mugging. Nukes are how they intend to get food. Iraq Muslim terrorists aren't trying to get anything from us. They just want us to not exist. That puts the former in a situation where we can succumb to their threats and live peacefully for a while (and hopefully really take care of the threat later in smaller actions that don't require an all-out war), and the latter in a situation where they'll try to come and get us no matter what we do.
#10 CJ AEGIS
Godeskian: they would to well not to push him into firing first as Kim Il Jong can take out the entire US battlefleet in one shot and still have (projected by the us at least) one or two shots left.
Hitting even a single carrier battlegroup with a ballistic missile is something that gives someone real headaches when attempting it. Suffice it to say a CVBG is fast enough and maneuverable that you can't target an ICBM accurately and fast enough to actually hit it with much success. On top of that you have the small issue of the fact that ships are amazingly survivable to even nuclear weapons; just look at the Bikini Atoll tests that the US carried out at the end of World War II. You have to get a detonation fairly close to them to inflict enough damage to sink one.
If North Korea tried to use a cruise missile or aircraft delivery system they'd have to deal with the AAW warships and the carrier's own defending aircraft. A CVBG isn't a pushover when it comes defending against air threats.
Three points.
This all the more reason that we should get the NMD system in place and operational as soon as possible.
Second point is I suspect if things start to heat up to the ball dropping stage Kim will wake up to find that his nuclear arsenal and production facilities were visited by B-2 bombers during the night. These are liquid fuel missiles and you can't keep the fuel in the tanks or the caustic fuel will eat them. Suffice it to say it takes a little bit of time to fuel the missiles.
Third point is that would be one "amazing" shot for North Korea to hit SanFran or LA. They'd have to launch the thing from quite far out in the Pacific to do it. The Taep'o-dong-2 has a range between 4,000 and 6,000 km on the extreme high end. That means they could hit a good portion of Alaska but even Hawaii would be beyond their range. On top of that none of these missiles supposedly exist yet and are just a project North Korea is working toward. The Taep'o-dong-1 is an older missile and has a much shorter range and can hit most of Japan but not even come close to reaching the US. The real threat is to Japan and South Korea rather than the CONUS.
#11 Godeskian
Delvo, on Feb. 06 2003,07:58, said:
and with that i'm out of this thread
Delvo, i didn't see the speech and just asked for some informtion, rather than give it to me you start attcking me, insulting my beliefs and more then i have no interest in continuing this conversation
CJ AEGIS, on Feb. 06 2003,23:57, said:
Hitting even a single carrier battlegroup with a ballistic missile is something that gives someone real headaches when attempting i.
If North Korea tried to use a cruise missile or aircraft delivery system they'd have to deal with the AAW warships and the carrier's own defending aircraft. �A CVBG isn't a pushover when it comes defending against air threats.
Three points. �
This all the more reason that we should get the NMD system in place and operational as soon as possible. �
Second point is I suspect if things start to heat up to the ball dropping stage Kim will wake up to find that his nuclear arsenal and production facilities were visited by B-2 bombers during the night. �These are liquid fuel missiles and you can't keep the fuel in the tanks or the caustic fuel will eat them. �Suffice it to say it takes a little bit of time to fuel the missiles. � �
Third point is that would be one "amazing" shot for North Korea to hit SanFran or LA. �They'd have to launch the thing from quite far out in the Pacific to do it. �The Taep'o-dong-2 has a range between 4,000 and 6,000 km on the extreme high end. �That means they could hit a good portion of Alaska but even Hawaii would be beyond their range. �On top of that none of these missiles supposedly exist yet and are just a project North Korea is working toward. �The Taep'o-dong-1 is an older missile and has a much shorter range and can hit most of Japan but not even come close to reaching the US. �The real threat is to Japan and South Korea rather than the CONUS.
CJ. as you seem willing to actually talk to me reasonably, i'll answer your points as best i can
I was under the impression though that nukes weren't exactly precision weapons. presumably a nuclear warhead detonated some distance away fromt he actuall carrier itself would still produce heat, a EMP wave, a shockwave and lethal radiation. So there might not be a need to target any one part of the battlegroup. I would have thought that it would have made it a lot easier top destory the carrier group.
Regarding a preemptive strike by NK,
poiint 1. yes, but it isn't up and runnign now, given the timeframe of the heartup in NK, there might be enough time to produce one
point 2. Yes, but not if he launches first.
point 3, point. you make a compelling case.
however, i am still abandoning this thread. If you want to talk more, then please PM me,
Godeskian: I was under the impression though that nukes weren't exactly precision weapons. presumably a nuclear warhead detonated some distance away fromt he actuall carrier itself would still produce heat, a EMP wave, a shockwave and lethal radiation. So there might not be a need to target any one part of the battlegroup. I would have thought that it would have made it a lot easier top destroy the carrier group.
Well I wouldn�t exactly call a nuclear weapon a precession weapon either. The thing is, that think back to that picture of the Nimitz crash turning, that carriers and other naval warships are incredibly tough structurally. I�m sure jon is up more so on the details of the Bikini Atoll tests so if he has anything more to say or if I get something wrong I�m hoping he notices and comment. With Operation Crossroads the Navy attempted to discern the effects on surplus ships from World War II.
In Test Baker they detonated an 8kt device within 300 yards of the WWII vintage carrier Saratoga. The blast pushed the carrier sideways for a distance I forget but it was rather impressive. The blast did cause the structural failure of the flight deck and resulted in her sinking thought it took 8 hours. The thing is carriers now are even tougher than old Sara. The battleships Nevada was similarly attacked and sank either 4 or 8 day later due to damage. So it takes a very close hit to inflict damage on a carrier.
Now any good ballistic missile has a CEP; basically how big of an area you can expect the missile to land in or how much it can miss by. The Nodong has a CEP of 190 meters while the Hwasong 5 has an estimated one of 450 meters. So theoretical either could inflict damage needed to sink or heavily damage a carrier if it was stationary and waving a big kick me sign. The thing is no carrier in her right mind would do that. The first problem is the North Koreans have to find the carrier and track it long enough while they fuel their missiles; mind you it takes a rather long time to fuel most liquid fuel missiles. The second thing is finding and tracking a US CVBG at sea is a situation that is rather hard when you don�t have satellite support and even hard when you do have it. They are highly mobile and can cover large areas of the sea at speeds in excess of 30 knots plus they have their own AWACs and fighter cover.
Now the next problem is that a carrier isn�t going to stand still and it takes time for a ballistic missile to be programmed and then reach it�s target. Except your target is constantly moving as you try to program your missile as to where to hit. The next problem is the issue that the SPY-1 radar of the Ticos and Burkes can track ballistic missiles so the carrier is going to have some warning. The thing that would concern me the most is the EMP knocking out aerials and delicate antennas. The vessels are sealed against radiation with filters and other protective features so fallout can be dealt with in addition they have a high-powered �sprinkler system� ** that washes the flight deck and superstructure. All together tagging a carrier with an ballistic missile is an extremely outside chance.
CVN 75 undergoes water washdown:
http://www.nns.com/n...25_washdown.jpg
Godeskian: point 1. yes, but it isn't up and running now, given the timeframe of the heartup in NK, there might be enough time to produce one
Considering that NK currently doesn�t have anything in terms of ICBMs that can reach the US there is a margin of error form getting one in service.
The thing here is that it comes back to the missiles being liquid fueled and having a significant delay in prepping them. I can�t find figures for the varieties of missiles North Korea has but it often takes hours for these missiles to be fueled and prepared for launch. Making it a significant window of opportunity if someone is watching for you doing that and are ready to take them out.
#14 jon3831
Iolanthe's evil conservative twin
I'm sure jon is up more so on the details of the Bikini Atoll tests so if he has anything more to say or if I get something wrong I'm hoping he notices and comment. �
Oh, fine, invoke me when I don't really have the time to do any confirmation research or anything...
With Operation Crossroads the Navy attempted to discern the effects on surplus ships from World War II.
Ahh... Crossroads... One of my favorite series... "We will not detonate the atmosphere. We will not crack the earth's crust allowing the oceans to run out. I am not an atomic playboy as some of my critics have labeled me..."
I think you're thinking of shot Able... Able was the surface test, and IIRC, Sara and most of the surface group stayed afloat (except for the ship where the weapon itself was).
Baker, IIRC, was something like 500-1000 feet underwater. The shockwave blew the keels out of most of the ships, including Sara, Nevada, and one of the big German battlewagons...
Although... All of this is off the top of my head, and I don't have time to post this, let alone go off and research it, although I believe the High Energy Weapons Archive at FAS has a nice writeup on both shots.
The thing that would concern me the most is the EMP knocking out aerials and delicate antennas.
Most of the radio equipment would be radiation hardened anyway, I would imagine... That and they have one heckuva grounding system...
The thing here is that it comes back to the missiles being liquid fueled and having a significant delay in prepping them. I can't find figures for the varieties of missiles North Korea has but it often takes hours for these missiles to be fueled and prepared for launch.
Funny thing about rocket fuel, too...
It's volatile.
Fueling is the most dangerous time, 'cause of all that fuel running around... All it takes is a spark...
And as a consequence of weight issues... Missiles are incredibly fragile. It wouldn't take much to knock one out of commission...
"The issue is not war and peace, rather, how best to preserve our freedom."
--General Russell E. Dougherty, USAF
WWCELeMD?
jon383: Oh, fine, invoke me when I don't really have the time to do any confirmation research or anything...
You know the plan. Pass it up the chain of nuclear command.
jon383: I think you're thinking of shot Able...
Yep I convoluted the two tests together. My fault for trying to type in a rush.
jon383: IIRC, Sara and most of the surface group stayed afloat (except for the ship where the weapon itself was).
USS Gilliam and four other ships were sunk according to the HEW with 5 other vessels either sunk or with heavy damage and a 520 ft airburst.
jon383:
Baker according to the HEW was 90 feet down; though for some reason it itches in my mind that I�ve heard deeper. Prinz Eugen was the German vessel.
jon383: Most of the radio equipment would be radiation hardened anyway, I would imagine... That and they have one heckuva grounding system...
Quite correct. I was figuring a lucky enough shot to actually inflict damage from the shockwave, as unlikely as that maybe. I have a hard time seeing North Korea manage such a shot with the limited capabilities they have.
The advantage of having TLAMs or solid fuel ICBMs�
If anyone wants to see a interesting picture. The following is a satellite photo of the Korean peninsula at night. The spot that look as black as ocean above SK is NK�.
http://www.globalsec...k/dprk-dark.htm
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Adolf Pascher, né le  à Tusset, Autriche-Hongrie  (aujourd'hui Stožec, République tchèque) et mort assassiné le , est un phycologue et botaniste, tchèque et autrichien.

Biographie
Il étudie à l'Université de Prague. En 1905, il présente sa thèse de doctorat. À partir de 1908, il poursuit ses recherches à Doksy, où son ami Victor Langhans a fondé une station zoologique.

Durant l'occupation de la Tchécoslovaquie par l'Allemagne nazie, lors de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il collabore avec le régime nazi.  Il est assassiné avec sa femme par des inconnus le .

Recherches
Sa thèse de doctorat est consacrée en genre Gagea mais il se concentre par la suite sur l'étude des protozoaires et les algues vertes.

Taxinomie

Botanique

Gagea sp.
Adolf Pascher a décrit une soixantaine de taxons du genre Gagea entre 1904 et 1907, dont beaucoup de formes. Quatorze noms d'espèces sont encore considérés comme valides :
 Gagea bithynica Pascher
 Gagea bornmuelleriana Pascher
 Gagea chomutovae (Pascher) Pascher
 Gagea cossoniana Pascher
 Gagea fedtschenkoana Pascher
 Gagea hiensis Pascher
 Gagea intercedens Pascher
 Gagea jaeschkei Pascher
 Gagea japonica Pascher
 Gagea juliae Pascher
 Gagea micrantha (Boiss.) Pascher
 Gagea peduncularis (C.Presl) Pascher
 Gagea tenera Pascher
 Gagea vaginata Pascher

Autres
On lui doit la description du genre Atropanthe, de la famille des Solanaceae.

Phycologie
AlgaeBase répertorie un millier de taxons décrits par Adolf Pascher. Il est notamment le descripteur de la division des Cryptophyta et de l'une des acceptions de la division des Chlorophyta. Il est l'auteur  des ordres des Chlorococcales, des Dasycladales, des Desmidiales, etc.

Hommages
Trois noms valides de genres d'algues rendent hommage à Adolf Pascher :
 Pascherinema De Toni, 1936
 Pascherina P.C.Silva, 1959
 Pascherella W.Conrad, 1926

Plus d'une quarantaine de noms de taxons infragénériques d'algues lui rendent hommage directement ou indirectement. Parmi les taxons encore valides (en octobre 2012) : Caespitella pascheri Vischer, 1933 ; Strombomonas pascheriana (Skvortzov) Deflandre ; Urceolus pascheri Skvortzov, 1924 ; Woloszynskia pascheri (Suchlandt) von Stosch, 1973 etc.

Œuvres
 Pascher, A. (1912). Zur Gliederung der Heterokonten (Kieine Beiträge zur Kenntnis unserer Mikroflora 3). Hedwigia, 53: 6-22.
 Pascher, A. (1914).  Über Flagellaten und Algen. Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft, 32: 136–160.
 Pascher, A. (1921). Über die Übereinstimmungen zwischen den Diatomeen, Heterokonten und Chrysomonaden. Ber. dt. Bot. Ges. 39: 236-248.
 Pascher, A. (1931). Systematische Übersicht über die mit Flagellaten in Zusammenhang stehenden Algenreihen und Versuch einer Einreihung dieser Algenstämme in die Stämme des Pflanzenreiches. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt, 48 (Abteilung II, 2): 317–332.
 Pascher, A. (1937—1939). Heterokonten. In:  L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz.  Kolkwitz, R. (éd.). Zweite Auflage, Band 11.
 Die Süsswasser-Flora: Deutschlands, Österreichs und der Schweiz (ou Die Süsswasser-flora Mitteleuropas), herausgegeben von (édité par) Prof.  A. Pascher. Jena: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1913-1936.
 Heft 1: Allgemeiner teil, bearbeitet von A. Pascher. — Flagellatae I: Pantostomatinae, Protomastiginae, Distomatinae, bearbeitet von E. Lemmermann, 1914.
 Heft 2: Flagellatae II: Chrysomonadinae, Cryptomonadinae, Eugleninae, Chloromonadinae und gefärbte Flagellaten unsicherer Stellung, bearbeitet von A. Pascher und E. Lemmermann, 1913.
 Heft 3: Dinoflagellatae (Peridineae), bearbeitet von A.J. Schilling, 1913.
 Heft 4: Volvocales = Phytomonadinae. Flagellatae IV = Chlorophyceae I, bearbeitet von A. Pascher, 1927.
 Heft 5: Chlorophyceae II: Tetrasporales, Protococcales, einzellige Gattungen unsicherer Stellung, bearbeitet von E. Lemmermann, Jos. Brunnthaler und A. Pascher, 1915.
 Heft 6: Chlorophyceae III: Ulotrichales, Mikrosporales, Oedogoniales, bearbeitet von W. Heering, 1914.
 Heft 7: Chlorophyceae IV: Siphonocladiales, Siphonales, bearbeitet von W. Heering, 1921.
 Heft 8: Desmidiaceae, bearbeitet von J. Lütkemüller und R. Grönblad. Not published.
 Heft 9: Zygnemales, bearbeitet von O. Borge und A. Pascher. 1. Aufl., 1913. Bearbeitet von V. Czurda. 2. Aufl., 1932.
 Heft 10: Bacillariophyta (Diatomeae), bearbeitet von Friedrich Hustedt. 2. Aufl., 1930.
 Heft 11: Heterokontae, Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta, Charophyta, bearbeitet von A. Pascher, J. Schiller, W. Migula, 1925.
 Heft 12: Cyanophyceae, bearbeitet von L. Geitler. — Cyanochloridinae = Chlorobacteriaceae, bearbeitet von L. Geitler und A. Pascher, 1925.
 Heft 13: Schizomicetes, bearbeitet von K. Kolkwitz. — Fungi, bearbeitet von M. von Minden. — Lichenes, bearbeitet von A. Zahlbruckner. Not published.
 Heft 14: Bryophyta (Sphagnales, Bryales, Hepaticae), bearbeitet von H. Paul, W. Mönkemeyer, V. Schiffner. 2. Aufl., 1931.
 Heft 15: Pteridophyten und Phanerogamen, bearbeitet von Prof.  H. Glück, 1936.
 Heft 16: Phytoplankton, bearbeitet von A. Pascher. Not published .
 Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa (Freshwater Flora of Central Europe / Flore d'eau douce d'Europe centrale). Reihen-Hrsg. (éds.): Büdel, B., Gärtner, G., Krienitz, L., Preisig, H.-R., Schagerl, M., etc. Gegründet von (fondée par): Pascher, A. Jena/Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag; Heidelberg: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag (réimpressions et nouveaux volumes), 1978-.
 Band 1: Chrysophyceae und Haptophyceae. Starmach, K. 1985.
 Band 1, Teil 2: Chrysophyte and Haptophyte Algae: Synurophyceae. Kristiansen, Jørgen; Preisig, Hans R. 2007.
 Band 2 :
 Teil 1: Bacillariophyceae: Naviculaceae, A: Text; B: Tafeln (plates). Krammer, Kurt; Lange-Bertalot, Horst. 1986.
 Teil 2: Bacillariophyceae: Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. Krammer, Kurt; Lange-Bertalot, Horst. 1988.
 Teil 3: Bacillariophyceae: Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. Krammer, Kurt; Lange-Bertalot, Horst. 1991.
 Teil 4: Bacillariophyceae: Achnanthaceae, Kritische Ergänzungen zu Achnanthes s.l., Navicula s.str., Gomphonema. Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis Teil 1-4 (bibliographie complète T.1-4). Krammer, Kurt; Lange-Bertalot, Horst. 1991. Ergänzter Nachdruck (réimpression avec supplément), 2004.
 Teil 5: Bacillariophyceae: English and French translation of the keys. Krammer, Kurt; Lange-Bertalot, Horst. 2000.
 Band 3: Xanthophyceae I. Ettl, Hanus, 1978 (réimpression: 1999). In: Ettl, H., Gerloff, J., Heynig, H. (éds.).
 Band 4: Xanthophyceae II. Rieth, Alfred, 1980 (réimpression: 1999). In: Ettl, H., Gerloff, J., Heynig, H. (éds.).
 Band 5: Cryptophyceae und Raphidophyceae.
 Band 6: Dinophyceae (Dinoflagellida). Popovský, Jirí; Pfiester, L., 1990 (réimpression: 2008).
 Band 7: Rhodophyta and Phaeophyceae. Eloranta, Pertti; Kwandrans, Janina; Kusel-Fetzmann, Elsalore, 2011.
 Band 8: Euglenophyceae.
 Band 9: Chlorophyta I: Phytomonadina. Ettl, Hanus, 1983.
 Band 10: Chlorophyta II: Tetrasporales, Chlorococcales, Gloeodendrales. Ettl, Hanus; Gärtner, Georg, 1988.
 Band 11: Chlorophyta III: Chlorophyceae p.p.: Chlorellales, Protosiphonales.
 Band 12: Chlorophyta IV: Chlorophyceae p.p: Stichococcales, Microsporales - Codiolophyceae: Ulotrichales, Monostromatales.
 Band 13: Chlorophyta V: Chlorophyceae p.p: Chaetophorales, Trentepohliales, Chlorosphaerales.
 Band 14: Chlorophyta VI: Oedogoniophyceae: Oedogoniales. Mrozinska, Teresa, 1985 (réimpression: 1999).
 Band 15: Chlorophyta VII: Bryopsidophyceae: Cladophorales, Sphaeropleales.
 Band 16: Chlorophyta VIII: Conjugatophyceae I: Zygnemales. Kadlubowska, Joanna, 1984.
 Band 17: Chlorophyta IX: Conjugatophyceae II: Zygnematales: Mesotaeniaceae - Desmidiales
 Band 18: Charophyceae. Krause, Werner, 1997.
 Band 19:
 Teil 1: Cyanoprokaryota: Chroococcales. Komárek, Jirí, 1998.
 Teil 2: Cyanoprokaryota: Oscillatoriales. Komárek, Jirí; Anagnostidis, Konstantinos, 2005.
 Teil 3: Cyanoprokaryota: Heterocytous Genera. Komárek, Jirí; Anagnostidis, Konstantinos, 2013.
 Band 20: Schizomycetes. Häusler, Jiri, 1982.
 Band 21:
 Teil 1: Fungi: Lichens. Thüs, Holger; Schultz, Matthias, 2009.
 Teil 2: Fungi: Fungi and Fungi-related Microorganisms.
 Band 22: Bryophyta.
 Band 23: Pteridophyta und Anthophyta I: Lycopodiaceae bis Orchidaceae. Casper, Jost; Krausch, Heinz-Dieter. 1980.
 Band 24: Pteridophyta und Anthophyta II: Saururaceae bis Asteraceae. Casper, Jost; Krausch, Heinz-Dieter. 1981.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Botaniste tchèque du XXe siècle
Botaniste tchécoslovaque
Botaniste autrichien du XXe siècle
Botaniste allemand du XXe siècle
Allemand des Sudètes
Naissance en mai 1881
Naissance dans la région de Bohême-du-Sud
Naissance dans le royaume de Bohême
Décès en mai 1945
Décès à Prague
Décès à 63 ans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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A very warm welcome to St. Cronan's Junior National School. We hope that your child will be extremely happy here.
Our school is a happy and safe place where every child matters. Without your support we cannot succeed so we look forward to working in partnership with you in the interest of your child's all round learning and personal development.
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Does God really answer prayer faster if you fast?
Home Life Current: Does God really answer prayer faster if you fast?
God promises that through Jesus Christ, prayer and fasting will be duly rewarded. However, contrary to popular belief, the power of fasting has nothing to do with the ability and faithfulness of people who fast, but has everything to do with the ability and faithfulness of God.
Fasting works because it puts us in an attitude of humility, trust and unselfishness. It's not supposed to work because we do it for the sake of doing it, but because we surrender our hearts to the Lord and set aside the time, necessity, and the pleasure of taking a meal, to come to God in prayer and petition. 1 Corinthians 15:58 promises to us, "Be steadfast, immovable, always abounding in the work of the Lord, knowing that your labor is not in vain in the Lord."
There are a wide variety of ways to fast. Some people fast for a full day, some take one meal and others eat only fruits and vegetables. There's really no best way to fast because what matters most is not the act but the position of the spirit and the heart.
In Isaiah 58:2, God gives us His heart for true fasting: "Yet they seek me daily and delight to know my ways, as if they were a nation that did righteousness and did not forsake the judgment of their God; they ask of me righteous judgments; they delight to draw near to God. God honors the heart, not the act."
Fasting has nothing to with twisting God's arm by saying, "Lord, I met the terms you asked for. Give me what I want."
Fasting is first and foremost about delighting in drawing near to God and coming to Him with a full heart and only secondarily about approaching Him with an empty stomach.
If our motives in fasting are to get a car, some cash, a job or a relationship more quickly, we miss the point. Prayer and fasting is about receiving a greater experience of Jesus and the Holy Spirit first and being open to His miraculous move in our lives according to God's will.
Not all forms of fasting work. In Matthew 6:18, Jesus says, "And when you fast, do not look gloomy like the hypocrites, for they disfigure their faces that their fasting may be seen by others. Truly, I say to you, they have received their reward."
Fasting at the end of the day is first and foremost about the position of the heart before the position of a meal.
When we fast with selfish, prideful and conceited motives, God is not honoured and God cannot move in our midst. Fasting works first and foremost because we surrender to God's move in our lives and allow Him to satisfy and fill where we are empty and void. Fasting that is built on the foundation of a right heart and spirit brings us closer to God first and foremost, and fasting built on pride and selfishness return empty and void.


Panna or Panha is a favorite summer time drink of Maharashtra and is the most common welcome drink during the mango season. You can either give it a spicy touch by sprinkling some cumin powder on top or make it the traditional way by sprinkling some cardamom powder. Personally, I like the traditional way!
Take one big raw mango, peeled or unpeeled and cook in a pressure cooker. Turn off the gas after one whistle and open after the pressure is released.
After the cooked mango is cooled, remove the peel (if not already removed), and squeeze out all the pulp with hands.
To the pulp, add the same amount of jaggery if it is not very sour. Add 1 & 1/2 times jaggery or sugar, if the pulp tastes very sour.
Grind into a smooth paste till the jaggery/ sugar is completely dissolved and store in a container.
This mixture can be stored in the fridge for many months.
When serving, add about 5-6 tbsp of this pulp (you can add more or less as per liking), and a pinch of salt to 3/4 cup of water. Add a pinch of cardamom powder or a pinch of cumin powder and serve cold.


The Back Warmer Pad is one of our best sellers, providing over an hour of heat before gradually cooling down to room temperature. It fits perfectly in the small of the back when sitting or across the upper back when lying down. The Back Warmer Pad comes with a cloth pouch, holding heat longer, while allowing the pad to be strapped to specific areas of the body - without constricting mobility. Also included, is this custom designed pad to fit around the neck & shoulders. However, the Neck & Shoulder pad can be used on virtually any part of your body because of its unique, versatile shape. It is easy to manipulate and with only one disc, extremely easy to use – even for those suffering from pain or extreme stiffness.


I got my 50 diamond on order.
I am looking for any news if lollipop wil come to the device. Last news was in march and so far nothing.
Hopefully someone with any updated news on the forum????
There is a similar thread on this subject here.
As of early September 2015, there is still no sign of a Lollipop update for the ARCHOS Diamond.
With some new model announced, it looks like ARCHOS is following what they did on the Helium smartphones: releasing a new device with latest Android system and leaving existing customers from previous models without updates, shame !
We'll post if we hear some news.


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text:
Jul 22, 2010 • Sumit Khanna
One of the great unanswered questions in physics is that of how we progress through time. When we talk about space, our location in this physical reality, we can travel in any direction. An astronaut or cosmonaut in an orbiting ship or station can move in any combination of six directions in our three dimensional universe. But when it comes to the fourth dimension, time, we can only move at a constant rate and in one direction: forward. If we travel fast enough, we can slow down our progression through time, but only relative to others who are not traveling at the same speed1. We can not move in the opposite direction. It's a principal physicists agree upon, but we still don't fully understand why this is so.
When we make decisions, they affect our present and our future. But our decisions do not affect the past. This is an axiom which most people typically do not question, even though we don't fully understand why this is so. But we often question how things might have been different had different choices been made or different events occurred in the past. This type of reasoning can lead to emotions of regret because we imagine a different reality than the one which we currently live in.
Anti-abortion and human rights activist are notorious for talking about the many Mozarts who were never allowed to be born. Stephen Jay Gould once said "I am, somehow, less interested in the weight and convolutions of Einstein's brain than in the near certainty that people of equal talent have lived and died in cotton fields and sweatshops."
While these hypotheticals may invoke an emotional response, they are divergent from reality. When we wish we had made a different choice or wonder what might have happened, we do ourselves a disservice because the nature of our universe makes it impossible to know what the results of those outcomes would be. Who we are, as a result of our choices, as a result of the circumstances of the world, is exactly who we are. Nothing more. What could have been is an impossibility. We can not change the past. Those millions of children who were never born, the millions killed from bombs, land-mines and soldiers are gone. They were not and are not potential Mozarts or Einsteins. They are simply no longer alive.
Science involves controlled experiments to prove or disprove theories. We can take complex problems and break them down into many small individual problems and attempt to prove or disprove individual pieces. In this way, things as complex as evolution can be studied using techniques such as the Lenski E. coli long-term living experiment, a crucial experiment in the path to understanding evolution. But even in the Lenski example, the experiment must be replicated and be independently verified before there is wide spread acceptance of the results. Because of the length of the experiment, this could take a very long time and we may discover many new results in the process.
But when it comes to complex societal issues and the idea of "what could have been," in terms of human choice and interaction, there is no way to create an experiment. We can not create a control version Earth and several experimental versions of Earth where we add or remove certain choices, certain governments or key individual people. We can not break down the flow of civilization into small sets of controlled experiments. Even in the situations where it would be possible, it may not always be ethical.
This may be the only life we know, on the only home we know. Therefore, we cannot live as if to continually examine what could have been or what was possible. Everything we have is a result of what has happened. The cliche "If we do not remember the past, we are doomed to repeat it," breaks down because the situations of the past are rarely the same as the situations of today. They might be similar, but it is impossible to say, in the context of history, with scientific certainty that this caused that. More often than not, humanity has a very limited and selective short term memory, so for even the events that are empirically similar, we easily forget anything we may have learned from the previous event.
It is a great irony, since so much of who we are as humans is built entirely out of those experience from the past. We are not the societal creatures we are without the events that transform us, yet this inability to escape the things that were and that have happened is also one of our greatest detriments from being able to live in the present, to think meaningfully and to be here now.
"In the tradition of non-theism, however, it is very direct that the case histories are not particularly important. What is important is here and now. Now is definitely now. We try to experience what is available there, on the spot. There is no point in thinking that a past did exist that we could have now. This is now, this very moment, nothing mystical, just now, very simple, straight forward. And from that nowness, however, arises a sense of intelligence, always, that you are constantly interacting with the reality one by one, spot by spot, constantly. We actually experience fantastic precision always. But we are threatened by the now so we jump to the past or the future. Paying attention to the materials that exist in our life, such rich life that we lead, all these choices take place all the time, but none of them are regarded as bad or good, per se, everything that we experience are unconditional experience. They don't come along with a label by saying that this is regarded as bad, this is good, but we experience them but we don't really pay heed to them properly, we don't actually regard that we are going somewhere, regard that it is a hassle, waiting to be dead. That's the problem. That is not trusting the nowness properly but what is actually experienced now possesses a lot of powerful things. It is so powerful that we can't face it. Therefore we have to borrow from the past, invite future, all the time. Maybe that's why we seek religion. Maybe that's why we march in the street. Maybe that's why we complain to society. Maybe that's why we vote for the presidents. It's quite ironical, and very funny indeed…" -Chogyam Trungpa, Rinpoche
1 J.C. Hafele and R. E. Keating, Science 177, 166 (1972)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home Business Futuristic Technology A Cause For Concern
Futuristic Technology A Cause For Concern
By Editorial_Staff
Technology is blurring the line between humans and machines
AFRICANGLOBE – A recent report released by the Pew Research Center, which sought to gauge public opinion about our rapidly changing world, found that while people are generally upbeat about anticipated developments in science and technology, there's no shortage of apprehension.
The report, which was based on telephone interviews conducted in February with 1,001 adults from all 50 US states and the District of Columbia, found that some of the advances that may be closest to becoming reality are the ones survey respondents were most wary of, moreover.
Nearly two out of three Americans dislike the idea of robots being used to care for the sick and elderly, and of parents being able to customize the DNA of their unborn children. A similar number think it would be inadvisable to open up US airspace to personal drones.
About the same proportion of respondents are not keen on the idea of wearable devices or implants allowing us to be permanently digitally connected.
Additional responses illustrated what may be our predominantly cautious human nature. Although generally interested in future technology, many survey participants weren't so interested in testing those advances themselves – in many cases, quite the reverse.
While people were fairly evenly split (48 percent to 50 percent) on whether they would ride in a driverless car, a mere 20% said they'd try eating meat made in a lab, and only 26 percent said they'd get a brain implant to improve their memory or intelligence.
They're less than optimistic about some science-fiction staples coming to pass in the next 50 years, too. Only 39 percent think it is likely scientists will have figured out teleportation, just 33 percent believe we'll have long-term space colonies, and a mere 19 percent expect mankind will be able to control the weather.
Overall, however, respondents were upbeat about how technology will shape the future, with 59 percent thinking technological developments will make life in the next half-century better, and only 30 percent believing they will make life worse.
More than eight out of 10 respondents said they think that in the next 50 years, people who need transplant surgery will be able to get it with organs grown in laboratories. And more than half think computers will be able to create art as well as humans do.
"In the long run, Americans are optimistic about the impact that scientific developments will have on their lives and the lives of their children — but they definitely expect to encounter some bumps along the way," said Aaron Smith, a senior researcher at Pew and the author of the report.
"They are especially concerned about developments that have the potential to upend longstanding social norms around things like personal privacy, surveillance, and the nature of social relationships."
Dr Claud Anderson -State Of Black America
Futuristic Technology
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Editorial_Staff - Apr 27, 2020 0
AFRICANGLOBE - When people call South Africa the most unequal country in the world, they're talking about income. Now, we have a clear picture of how unequally the country's wealth is distributed.
AFRICANGLOBE - Two South African techpreneurs have created a trailblazing COVID-19 test kit that provides results in just 65 minutes. The invention will prove critical in South Africa's fight against the fatal contagion. The country has so far recorded 3,300 confirmed cases of the virus with 58 deaths and 1,055 recoveries.
AFRICANGLOBE - Typically, we don't give much thought to who is the owner of the companies that produce the products we use. From toothpaste to mouthwash, soap to laundry detergent, bathroom products, and all the other products we use on a daily basis, all are made by companies that were started by entrepreneurs with an idea to solve a problem or make life a little easier. And guess what? Some of these entrepreneurs are Black American.
Editorial_Staff - Aug 27, 2019 0
AFRICANGLOBE - Ghana will offer tax breaks of up to 10 years to automakers that set up local manufacturing plants, as the government seeks to attract international companies such as Innoson, Volkswagen AG and Nissan Motor Co.
AFRICANGLOBE - When it comes to generating revenue in Africa's airspace, global airlines are the biggest winners with only two African carriers in the top 10 most lucrative air routes in Africa, a new study finds.
Kenya Now Officially An Oil Exporting Country
AFRICANGLOBE - Kenya has exported its first batch of crude oil as President Uhuru Kenyatta flagged off the crude shipment from the port of Mombasa on Monday morning. It is being described as a historic day and an important step on the way to the full exploration and development of oil in the East African nation.
Do Not Touch Our Hair
Rumours Of Intifada In Khartoum
African Renaissance Or Pan-Africanism?


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ARTICLE [View FULLTEXT] [Download PDF]
Year : 2010 | Volume : 12 | Issue : 48 | Page : 195--198
Studies on assessment of traffic noise level in Aurangabad city, India
BJ Bhosale, Amul Late, PM Nalawade, SP Chavan, MB Mule
Department of Environmental Science, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad - 431004, India
Amul Late
Department of Environmental Science, Dr. B.A.M. University, Aurangabad
With the rapid rate of urbanization of Aurangabad city due to the expanding industrialization, the problem of noise pollution has become a concern for urban dwellers and government authority too. Noise pollution due to vehicular traffic is one of the growing environmental problems of urban centers. The study deals with the assessment of traffic noise levels in Aurangabad city. With respect to the total number of vehicles passing the road in unit time, which was surveyed by direct count method, six different sites from Aurangabad city, viz., Nagar Naka, Kranti Chowk, CIDCO bus stand, Railway station area, Dhoot Hospital and Baba petrol pump were selected to study the vehicular noise level. Noise measurements were carried out at these six locations on both working day and holiday during the peak traffic hours, i.e. 8:00 a.m. - 11:a.m., 1:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m. - 8:00 p.m., in the morning, afternoon and evening sessions, respectively, after 5 minutes time interval. The noise level was monitored using noise level meter. The results obtained from this investigation showed that the Nagar Naka, Kranti chowk and CIDCO bus stand area have dense traffic zones when compared with the Railway station area, Dhoot Hospital and Baba petrol pump. The minimum and the maximum noise levels are 74 and 86 dB, respectively, on working day and 70 and 81 dB, respectively, on holiday. The measured noise level values exceed the prescribed noise level.
Bhosale B J, Late A, Nalawade P M, Chavan S P, Mule M B. Studies on assessment of traffic noise level in Aurangabad city, India.Noise Health 2010;12:195-198
Bhosale B J, Late A, Nalawade P M, Chavan S P, Mule M B. Studies on assessment of traffic noise level in Aurangabad city, India. Noise Health [serial online] 2010 [cited 2023 Jan 31 ];12:195-198
Available from: https://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2010;volume=12;issue=48;spage=195;epage=198;aulast=Bhosale;type=0
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Chris Marcum was a man who had everything. The perfect wife, the perfect job, and the perfect life. He was also sure his belief in God did not depend on those successes. So when an angel appeared to him on his deathbed with a challenge to prove the depths of his faith, Chris immediately accepted. Relive your life, with no recollection. This time however, without the breaks. What happens when instead of going right, you go left? What if there are no happy endings? How much can a man endure before he hits his breaking point? And what happens then?
Read the reviews and buy the book! Print and Electronic!
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text:
Quarter of EU shipping will run on LNG by 2030 locking in fossil fuels for decades
EU policies to clean up shipping will lead to replacement of conventional marine fuels with fossil liquid natural gas (LNG), with little benefit to the climate.
A quarter of Europe's shipping will be fossil gas-powered by 2030 as misguided EU sustainability targets encourage an uptake of LNG, a new Transport & Environment study shows. This will lock-in fossil fuel use for decades while bringing limited benefits to the climate, says T&E.
Delphine Gozillon, sustainable shipping officer at T&E, said: "The shipping industry is one of the world's biggest polluters and is heavily reliant on fossil fuels. The old narrative of gas as transitional fuel just doesn't hold. We cannot afford to shift from one fossil fuel to another. It will not get us to zero emissions by 2050 and, by putting more methane into the atmosphere may even fry the planet faster."
Last year, the European Commission proposed a law requiring ship operators to reduce the lifecycle carbon footprint of the fuels. The EU targets, which are tightened over time, are designed to gradually squeeze out the most polluting oil-powered ships, and, in theory, drive the uptake of sustainable fuels.
Instead, they will be replaced by fossil LNG-powered ships, which the regulation gives the green light to well into the 2040s. According to the report, with costs far cheaper than genuinely clean alternatives, LNG will make up 23% of the total energy used in EU shipping by 2030, up from 6% today[1]. Many of today's LNG ships are worse even than the traditional ships they replace[2].
As the Commission proposal stands, ships will have little or no incentive to switch to more sustainable alternatives such as green hydrogen or hydrogen-based fuels known as 'e-fuels'. Currently there is no mandate for e-fuels meaning shipowners can rely on fossil LNG and dubious biofuels to meet EU targets into the 2040s.
Delphine Gozillon concluded: "Europe's policymakers should introduce dedicated quotas and incentives to boost demand for hydrogen-based fuels. Genuinely clean solutions do exist, but currently they are expensive. If we kick start demand now, a green shipping future is possible. Continue to waste precious time on fossil gas and it will start to look impossible."
T&E recommends mandating a 6% target for shipping e-fuels by 2030 as the most straightforward way to ensure supply and demand for sustainable fuels, while providing business predictability to shipowners and fuel suppliers. Without this minimum share of e-fuels and stricter greenhouse gas targets, full decarbonisation by 2050 will likely be out of reach.
The EU's shipping fuel law – FuelEU Maritime – is currently under discussion in the European Parliament and the Council, with a final text expected in the second half of 2022. T&E calls on policymakers to adopt key changes to the proposal.
[1] T&E's modelling is based on ship order books for ships until 2023 with future LNG ship sales assumed based on the increase due to fuel oil being no longer compliant with the regulation anymore. LNG is the cheapest among alternative fuels.
[2] About 80% (79%) of LNG burned today is burned in an engine (low-pressure 4-Stroke) with worse Well-to-Wake GHG emissions than traditional engines running on dirty fuel oil. If methane's short-term global warming effects were accounted for, only the lowest-methane slippage engines would comply with FuelEU Maritime's GHG targets. Estimation of the fuel consumed by LNG-powered ships in the 2020 MRV fleet is based on fleet characteristics data from IHS.
[3] The target for the period 2035-2039 requires only 13% GHG reductions compared to 2020. If shipping is to decarbonise by 2050, this means the remaining 87% of GHG reductions will have to take place between 2040 and 2050.


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Therefore, we thought of compiling a list of top five Drupal development companies ranking consistently in the top 10 from the past two years, as per the Dries' post. In this post, we will try to compile the information from various sources and find out why these companies stand out. This post aims to help you to find the right partner for your Drupal projects. For those, who are not well aware of Drupal CMS, they can refer Drupal.org or a brief on Drupal 8.
Below is the list of companies that are making consistently in top 10 from the last three years:
Note: The list is as per the company's strength.
Table 1: Top 5 Drupal Development companies
Other Drupal development companies like Chapter three, Mediacurrent, who couldn't make in our list of top 5, but have been major players are as in table 2. We have also mentioned their ranks as per the Dries' yearly analysis.
Table 2: Other Top Drupal companies
Co-founded by Dries Buytaert and Jay Batson in 2007, Acquia is one of the most popular and leading Drupal development company in the world. The company, which is based out of Massachusetts, provides enterprise products, services, and technical support for Drupal. It has nearly 800 employees and around ten full-time Drupal contributors.
In his post, Dries said, "Acquia works to resolve some of the most complex issues on Drupal.org, many of which are not recognized by the credit system (e.g. release management, communication, sprint organizing, and project coordination)."
Well, this can be one of the reasons why Acquia tops our list. With offices in Asia-Pacific, the United Kingdom, and the United States, the company has worked with several world-class organizations (private and public) including U.S. Department of Energy, Verizon Wireless, Al Jazeera - Dynamic International Content, The Weather Channel (weather.com), the State of Georgia among others.
Valuebound
Focused on Enterprise CMS, decoupled Drupal, 3rd party integration, Drupal migration, and open source software development, Valuebound is one of the key players in the Drupal web development services provider. Based out of New York with a development center in India, the company provides a range of services to solve the key challenges in media & publishing, e-commerce, and hi-tech industry.
Valuebound, which has been working extensively on Drupal 8 from early beta release days, has worked with several world-class organization namely Time Inc., Cypress Semiconductor, FarmJournal Media, CommonFloor, and others.
From the last three years, Valuebound is consistently making in the list of top 10 Drupal development company with 564 commits (2018 edition). The company also actively engages in Drupal community activities like attending and sponsoring comp and conducting training to give back to the community.
Australia-based PreviousNext makes third in our list of top five companies contributing code to Drupal 8. Founded in 2009, the company has worked with several customers to provide user-centered design, open source software development and cloud hosting services and others. Clients are Transport for NSW, Brisbane City Council, The Department of Communications - Australian Government, and others.
In 2017-18, PreviousNext has 596 Drupal.org commit credits, up from 478 credits the year before. Earlier in August 2015, the company merged with a Perth-based Drupal firm Code Drop.
Commerce Guys
Founded in 2008, Commerce Guys is based out of the US with offices in Canada, France, and the US. The company has 1051 Drupal.org commit credit, up from 696 credits the year ago. In August 2011, Commerce Guys launched Drupal Commerce - an open source eCommerce software that augments the Drupal - under the leadership of Ryan Szrama.
Drupal integrated with Drupal commerce offers unprecedented results that are highly secure, stable, create engaging web experiences and drive website traffic. The platform, currently, powers more than 60,000 sites of all types such as URBANY's, Lush, Olsson & Gerthel, Fooda, Eurocentres, and others.
Earlier, in 2014, Commerce Guys release a cloud hosting solution, called Platform.sh, which later in 2016 became an independent entity.
MD Systems
Founded in 2000 by Miro Dietiker, MD Systems is the most active Switzerland-based contributor. The company, which has 591 Drupal.org commit credits, made fifth in our list of top 5 Drupal development companies. Earlier, in 2016-17, MD Systems ranked second (1,039 commit credits) in the list of the top 30 contributing organizations. Operating from its Zurich office, it works with some high-class organizations (public and private) like UNICEF, Microsoft, Bynder, and MediaCommons among others.
In addition, the company also engages in community activities like organizing and sponsoring CodeSprints and Drupal events.
Hope this list will help you to find out the best Drupal web development partners for your next project. It's always suggested to connect directly with the team to find out their strategies and learn more about them. If you are planning to outsource your Drupal project, you better have a look at the company profile and a few other criteria such as
A range of software services a company offers
Software quality and professional approach
Acquia certified Drupal developers
Project delivery process
Flexibility and contracting practices
Location and time zones
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Intercom - Have a Blind Date with a Book at the IC Library!
Have a Blind Date with a Book at the IC Library!
Come to the library February 11th through the 15th for a blind date with a book.
Wrapped books, chosen by our library staff matchmakers, will be on display as you enter the library. You'll know when the book is due -- but not the book's title. Don't judge a book by its cover: spend some time with a title you may not have otherwise discovered! You may find yourself falling in love….


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When does my trial begin? The try on glasses at home duration will certainly begin with the day we mail your option of frames. You will certainly have 7 days to try on the frames, see just how they fit and get feedback from friends and family. Please ensure you return all eyeglasses in their initial problem in the packaging provided. To purchase your preferred frame simply log right into your account, pick your preferred frame and also proceed with purchasing your prescription glasses.


Alternators charge the car's battery while the engine is running and keep it from going flat.
It's something most drivers will flick on and off sometimes dozens of times a day without even thinking about. While rarely thought about, your car's windshield wipers are an essential safety feature that no vehicle should be driven without. So much so that many jurisdictions require that to be considered roadworthy, a vehicle must have properly functioning wipers.
Don't wait until your battery can't start the car, have it tested and replaced. An unhealthy battery can cause more than just the car to not start. Read on about how the battery supplies power for all the car's electronics.
It's something every driver has to deal with. Just like you eventually wear the sole out on a pair of shoes, so too are your car's tyres going to need a change every now and then. While it's easy to forget about your tyres, it's important to keep on top of your maintenance schedule. Being proactive about keeping your tyres in the best possible condition can save you a lot of time, money and stress.


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I liked Google already, but now I have another reason to like their search engine. It has evolved to the point where you start typing what you're about to search for in the search box, and it starts making suggestions based on common searches people make and based on the content of the sites Google indexes (actually I'm not 100% sure what it's based on, but those two ideas make sense to me).
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I despise this fantastically annoying 'feature', and most definitely have it turned off.


Italy's top expert on Leonardo da Vinci, Carlo Pedretti, died last month in his home in Pistoia just one day before turning 90.
By the age of 13, Pedretti could already write left handed and read backwards as Leonardo did. He published his first articles on Leonardo at 16, hitting the headlines of Italy's most read newspaper, Il Corriere della Sera, for his premature expertise on Da Vinci only a few years later, in 1952, at the age of 23.
A professor emeritus of art history and the Armand Hammer Chair in Leonardo Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles, and the author of more than 50 books and 700 essays and articles on Leonardo translated in various languages, Pedretti was also a member of the ministerial committee for the National Edition of the Manuscripts and Drawings by Leonardo da Vinci.
Amongst the honors he was tributed are the Gold Medal for Culture of the President of the Italian Republic and the Congressional Citation, the highest award from the Government of the United States, both awarded in 1972.
He was also a honorary member of the ancient Academy of Euteleti at San Miniato and a regular contributor to the cultural pages of Corriere della Sera and Vatican daily L'Osservatore Romano.
He attributed to Leonardo a wax model (c.1506-08) of a bucking horse with rider, possibly an equestrian portrait of Charles d'Amboise, the French Governor of Milan from 1503-1511 and Leonardo's friend and patron, as well as a drawing of the painter Riccardo Tommasi Ferroni (1934-2000).


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text:
The current version of 5G is known in the standards bodies as Release 16. Release 17 was just ratified by the 3GPP – the group responsible for the standards definitions. Here's how 5G will be even better in the next implementation.
Irina Strelnikova / Getty Images
The current crop of what are called "projects" – definitions and standardized ways of implementing the technology
We've barely rolled out 5G, and we're already looking at what's next! But as with all tech, the evolution of 5G service isn't standing still for very long. Here's a look at what is coming in the next two years as we see the next version of 5G (known as Release 17) rolled out, and what it means to users.
[ Don't miss: Industry analyst Jack Gold on Insider Pro ]
The current version of 5G is known in the standards bodies as Release 16, which is powering the current generation of 5G deployments. Release 17 was just ratified by the 3GPP – the international organization responsible for the standards definitions for 5G and previous versions of the cellular standards going all the way back to 3G (from where it got its name).
[ Don't miss: Mike Elgan every week on Insider Pro ]
The current crop of what are called "projects" – definitions and standardized ways of implementing the technology -- are expected to be completed by mid 2021, at which time they will be submitted for ratification and released as standards (it usually takes 1-2 years after that to make it into products). Here are some of the key areas they are focusing on to make 5G even better than the current implementation.
Log in or subscribe to Insider Pro for the full article.
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What is the difference between network slicing and Quality of Service?
Enhancing the radio networks
Current versions of 5G, and some earlier 4G deployments as well, utilized something called Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antennas to direct signals to specific user locations. It's a bit similar to taking a round light bulb and putting a reflector behind it to focus the signal at a specific target.
The advantage is a stronger signal and less interference, resulting in a better connection and increased range. Being able to do this dynamically for many different users also allows for more capacity of connections. Enhanced MIMO will provide better coverage, especially in the high Millimeter Wave (MMWave) bands where high density deployments primarily in urban areas and public places like arenas are prevalent.
Many current deployments of 5G share the same spectrum with 4G networks. It's a way for operators to get 5G up and running quickly without the need for new radio spectrum. But in doing so, how the spectrum is shared can have significant impacts on both 4G and 5G coverage, capacity and robustness.
Dynamic spectrum sharing will allow allocation of bandwidth to be accomplished dynamically based on the current usage of the 4G and 5G networks, and adjusted based on current conditions. This will significantly enhance the quality of both for their respective users and increase capacity for operators.
[ Related articles: How to develop a mobile policy for your business and How to create a mobile policy for Android devices ]
Multi-SIM is the capability to assign two different numbers to the same phone by placing more than one SIM card in the device and allowing the user to select (or automatically select based on some criteria) which to use. This is especially useful for multiple country usage where a local SIM can be placed in the device when travelling, thus eliminating the high roaming charges. Currently Multi-SIM is unique to each manufacturer, but Release 17 will seek to make it universal and therefore easier to design and deploy.
Multicasting, especially for public safety needs, is a much sought-after capability. In times of emergency, there is clearly a need to broadcast a signal to all devices simultaneously. Look for this capability to be added in Release 17.
There is never enough spectrum available for the expected growth in wireless connectivity, and operators are always looking for more. While millimeter wave (MMWave) has some inherent limitations compared to what's known as Sub-6 lower band frequencies, specifically the inability to penetrate into buildings and limited capabilities beyond line of sight connections, it nevertheless has some major advantages for dense areas over smaller geographies (e.g., inside an arena, localized to factory setting in private 5G networks). Moving to higher bands – 60GHz and even beyond, will make far more spectrum available to cover the growing needs of all the uses envisioned for 5G and beyond.
IoT support
New Radio Light (NR-Light) is a new class of radio enabling the need for extremely large numbers of connections over relatively lower speeds in mass deployment scenarios (e.g., meters, weather sensors, smart cities, health monitoring, etc.). It's meant to extend beyond the current NB-IoT available in 4G/LTE. It supports 10-20MHz of bandwidth for 100MBPS of downlink and 50MBPS of uplink (up to 10x that of current NB-IoT), thus making it suitable for things like video and personal smart devices like wearables.
[ IoT Sector Report: How to prepare for tech's Wild West ]
This effort in massive 5G IoT will continue to evolve and produce higher bandwidths in the future, and will continue to be a companion component to NB-IoT and eMTC (LTE-M), which are also being looked at for potential use with satellite based systems.
Enhancing device positioning capability
The popular GNSS systems already in use with 5G will be enhanced for improved accuracy, latency, capacity, and are expected to achieve accuracy down to the centimeter level (less than half an inch in English measurement). This is critical for many IoT and autonomous applications like self-driving vehicles, as well as precision machinery and public safety. Part of this project will also look at improved use of unlicensed spectrum to enhance location definition resolution that will be critical to many industrial IoT solutions.
Supporting extended reality
Current uses of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), both known as extended reality (XR), are limited by the need to have a very high speed and extremely low latency connection to make it possible for real-time simulations without producing user confusion and negative user experiences. This is often accomplished by either a high speed wired connection, or a specialized local area wireless connection. However, the goal is to have XR systems be mobile and available anywhere (e.g., in an ambulance while caring for a patient, for repair people servicing equipment, for public safety navigating unfamiliar buildings, etc.).
A Release 17 project is looking at optimizing performance in use cases for AR, VR, XR, where achieving low latency, high bandwidth and continuous data streaming is critical to quality of service for mobile workers. Without this capability, XR becomes a "nice to have" but may not be able to supply the critical needs of enterprise-class deployments in markets like healthcare/telemedicine, public safety, security, manufacturing, etc.
Optimizing peer-to-peer connections (C-V2X)
Truly autonomous vehicles will need not only to connect and talk to the "cloud," but will also need to communicate with a myriad of smart objects in its immediate vicinity (e.g., smart signs, nearby vehicles, pedestrians, public safety equipment and workers, etc.).
The best way to do all of this is to piggy-back C-V2X (Car – Vehicle to anything) on an existing high speed low latency network like 5G. Release 17 will be adding on to the current somewhat limited C-V2X capabilities to include more usage types and better power efficiency of portable battery operated devices. This is a key growth area for 5G as more autonomous vehicles must communicate with pedestrians, traffic lights/signs, and even with first responders
Bottom Line: We're still at the early stages of 5G deployments as the original Release 16 capabilities are still being rolled out. But it's important that 5G tech doesn't stand still, as many use cases exist for which 5G is not currently optimum. Next-gen additions to 5G will add some significant new capabilities that will expand the capabilities and usefulness of 5G for many users and new business models. As such, keeping an eye out for these new capabilities over the next 2 years will be important for nearly any enterprise and/or public organization.


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Q: How to get MJPG stream video from android IPWebcam using opencv I am using the IP Webcam program on android and receiving it on my PC by WiFi. What I want is to use opencv in Visual Studio, C++, to get that video stream, there is an option to get MJPG stream by the following URL: http://MyIP:port/videofeed
How to get it using opencv?

A: Old question, but I hope this can help someone (same as my answer here)

OpenCV expects a filename extension for its VideoCapture argument,
  even though one isn't always necessary (like in your case).
You can "trick" it by passing in a dummy parameter which ends in the
  mjpg extension:

So perhaps try:
VideoCapture vc;
ipCam.open("http://MyIP:port/videofeed/?dummy=param.mjpg")

A: Install IP Camera Adapter and configure it to capture the videostream. Then install ManyCam and you'll see "MPEG Camera" in the camera section.(you'll see the same instructions if you go to the link on how to setup IPWebCam for skype)
Now you can access your MJPG stream just like a webcam through openCV. I tried this with OpenCV 2.2 + QT and works well.
Think this helps.

A: I did a dirty patch to make openCV working with android ipWebcam:
In the file OpenCV-2.3.1/modules/highgui/src/cap_ffmpeg_impl.hpp
In the function bool CvCapture_FFMPEG::open( const char* _filename )
replace:
int err = av_open_input_file(&ic, _filename, NULL, 0, NULL);

by
AVInputFormat* iformat = av_find_input_format("mjpeg");
int err = av_open_input_file(&ic, _filename, iformat, 0, NULL);
ic->iformat = iformat;

and comment:
err = av_seek_frame(ic, video_stream, 10, 0);
if (err < 0)
{
    filename=(char*)malloc(strlen(_filename)+1);
    strcpy(filename, _filename);
    // reopen videofile to 'seek' back to first frame
    reopen();
}
else
{
    // seek seems to work, so we don't need the filename,
    // but we still need to seek back to filestart
    filename=NULL;
    int64_t ts    = video_st->first_dts;
    int     flags = AVSEEK_FLAG_FRAME | AVSEEK_FLAG_BACKWARD;
    av_seek_frame(ic, video_stream, ts, flags);
}

That should work. Hope it helps.

A: This is the solution (im using IP Webcam on android):
CvCapture* capture = 0;
capture = cvCaptureFromFile("http://IP:Port/videofeed?dummy=param.mjpg");

I am not able to comment, so im posting new post. In original answer is an error - used / before dummy. THX for solution.

A: Working example for me
// OpenCVTest.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"

/**
* @function main
*/
int main( int argc, const char** argv )
{
    CvCapture* capture;
    IplImage* frame = 0;

    while (true)
    {
        //Read the video stream
        capture = cvCaptureFromFile("http://192.168.1.129:8080/webcam.mjpeg");
        frame = cvQueryFrame( capture );

        // create a window to display detected faces
        cvNamedWindow("Sample Program", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);

        // display face detections
        cvShowImage("Sample Program", frame);

        int c = cvWaitKey(10);
        if( (char)c == 27 ) { exit(0); }

    }

    // clean up and release resources
    cvReleaseImage(&frame);

    return 0;

}

Broadcast mjpeg from a webcam with vlc, how described at http://tumblr.martinml.com/post/2108887785/how-to-broadcast-a-mjpeg-stream-from-your-webcam-with

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