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Air Purifier Technology
Inside Molekule
What Ozone Generator Manufacturers Don't Tell You
Sonia Easaw, M.S., MPH
Reviewed by Dr. Yogi Goswami PhD, Co-founder and Chief Scientist
Advertising can be powerful. You may have heard manufacturers describe ozone generators as "natural odor removers" that work "the way nature intended." But are these claims misleading? Find out more about ozone air purifiers in this article to help you decide what is best for you and your family.
What is ozone?
Is ozone bad for you?
What are ozone generators?
How do ozone generators work?
Why are ozone generators used to purify the air?
How effective are ozone generators?
Can ozone generators remove odors?
What are the safety precautions of ozone generators?
What are some better solutions?
Unlike the oxygen (O2) we breathe, ozone (O3) is made up of three oxygen atoms.
As you may know, ozone is a gas. Ozone molecules have three oxygen atoms (O3), unlike the oxygen in the air that gives life to the planet (O2). Ozone is powerful because the extra oxygen atom can easily escape and attach to other substances. This highly reactive quality can potentially alter the chemical composition of some substances in the air and affect our cells if we breathe it in.
When you hear the term "ozone" you may think of the ozone layer, which protects all life from the dangerous UV radiation of the sun. This is the "good" ozone that is present in the stratosphere. But the ozone at ground level is "bad" since it is hazardous to health and is classified as an air pollutant by the EPA. Ozone at the ground level is created in nature by the interaction of sunlight with certain chemicals that are released to the environment, including vehicle and industrial plant emissions. It is also created when lightning strikes, which is why you may be able to smell ozone after a storm. Ozone, whether pure or mixed with other chemicals, can be harmful to health.
Since the early 20th century, health professionals have warned about the dangers of ozone. Just as it reacts with substances outside of the body, it can react with the living tissue within your body. This means that ozone can cause a variety of health problems, like coughing and airway inflammation. It can also reduce lung function and harm lung tissue. Certain groups like children, people with asthma, and older adults are especially vulnerable.
You may have heard of the Clean Air Act. Under this federal law, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets standards for outdoor air quality to protect public health. There are six air pollutants that the agency has set standards for, and ozone is one of them. If ozone is dangerous enough for the EPA to monitor outdoor levels, then it is all the more dangerous for ozone generators to release pure ozone into your home.
For context, the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) requires that indoor medical devices can only produce a maximum of 50 ppb (parts per billion) of ozone. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends that indoor ozone levels should not be greater than 100 ppb.
Ozone generators, also referred to as ozone machines, are ozone-generating devices that intentionally produce ozone gas. When sold as air purifiers to be used in indoor occupied spaces, they are marketed to be safe and effective (though these claims are generally false). This article discusses devices that produce ozone on purpose and not as a byproduct. Ionizers and electrostatic precipitators end up producing ozone as a byproduct as a result of their internal mechanisms.
You may have heard about ionizers. They used to be quite popular and were often used in homes to clean the air and eliminate odors. However, in the spring of 2005, Consumer Reports Magazine exposed the units as potentially doing more harm than good–it was found that several of these devices could produce harmful levels of ozone. Though ozone is a byproduct of these ionizers, and tends to be produced at a lower level than ozone generators, the federal government began a stricter regulation process for any air purifier that produces ozone, whether intentionally or as a byproduct.
No federal agency has approved the use of ozone generators in occupied spaces, and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) has very strict regulation for air purifiers sold in California to make sure that harmful ozone levels are not being produced.
Ozone generators apply a electrical charge to the air that passes through. This splits apart some normal oxygen atoms into unstable single atoms, which bond with other O2 molecules to form O3.
Ozone generators produce ozone by breaking apart oxygen (O2) molecules into single atoms, which then attach to other oxygen molecules in the air to form ozone (O3). They accomplish this in one of two ways, according to the International Association of Certified Indoor Air Consultants (InterNACHI).
Ozone generators work by:
Silent corona discharge: These machines use electric discharge to produce ozone by splitting the normal oxygen molecules in the air into single atoms. These atoms then attach to other O2 molecules in the air to form ozone (O3).
Ultraviolet radiation: This process of ozone generation is similar to how the sun's ultraviolet radiation splits O2 to form individual oxygen atoms. According to InterNACHI, this process is considered to be less efficient than corona discharge.
If ozone is so dangerous, then why would anyone use it to purify the air inside a home? As discussed above, ozone is highly reactive and can change the chemical composition of some substances in the air. This principle forms the basis of manufacturers' claims.
Companies who sell ozone generators may suggest that ozone is a healthy kind of oxygen, using terms like "activated oxygen" or "pure air," though ozone is actually a toxic gas that is not the "same as air" like manufacturers may claim. Ozone-generating devices are often marketed as odor removers. Ultimately, they are used to remove organic compounds from the air. However, given its danger to health, it would be wise to use an ozone generator only if there are clear benefits.
Manufacturers' claims
Manufacturers say that the highly reactive nature of ozone allows it to easily attach to pollution, especially odorous compounds like smoke and organic matter such as viruses, bacteria and mold spores. However, these claims are not backed up by sound science.
Performance against mold and bacteria
Research has found that ozone generators were not effective at stopping mold or bacteria growth in a standard hospital room, and would require unsafe levels of ozone to do the job at all (Dyas, Boughton, & Das, 1983). For mold growth, public health departments do not recommend using ozone generators for clean-up, saying that ozone even at high levels cannot control mold.
Performance against VOCs
You may be asking yourself, if ozone gas is effective at anything, it should work on other gaseous pollutants (specifically volatile organic compounds, or VOCs) right? Well, it might not, unless you wait for thousands of years in some cases. A research study (Boeniger, 1995) analyzed how long it would take to remove 14 of the most common organic compounds found in the air. It was found that at ozone concentrations of 100 ppb, it would take 880+ years for six of these pollutants to be broken down into half of their initial concentrations (half-lives). In fact, it would take more than 4,400 years for formaldehyde! Only one pollutant, styrene, was found to have a half-life of about 4 hours.
Performance against particulates
You must remember that ozone generators do not remove particulate matter like dust or pollen (which are often allergens) from the air.
The EPA's conclusion about effectiveness
The EPA concludes from a review of scientific research that at concentrations that meet public health standards, ozone is not very effective at removing indoor air contaminants.
The million dollar question for you might be whether ozone generators can remove odors from the air. That at least is what manufacturers claim to be the most common use for ozone generators in homes.
However, the evidence is mixed as to whether ozone generators can remove most odors from the air. As mentioned above, ozone generators may not work efficiently at all for gases, namely volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as it could take hundreds of years for this process.
Yet, some research reviewed by Britigan, Alshawa, and Nizkorodov (2006) has shown that ozone may be effective for certain types of VOCs (namely, those containing unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds). These types of VOCs are found in cooking oils, air fresheners, cleaning agents, etc. However, there is a big downside: other dangerous byproducts like formaldehyde can be released into the air when ozone reacts with these substances.
Here is another important point: What you might perceive as odor removal may just be facade. Odors in a room could be masked by the smell of ozone being released into the air. Many people who use ozone generators like the smell that is produced, describing it as a "clean sheet smell" or the smell of clothes fresh from the dryer (EPA, 1995).
Ultimately, you need to know that no agency of the federal government has approved using ozone generators in occupied spaces. If you must use one or have no choice in a certain situation, you should take every measure possible to make sure they are never used when people or animals are present in the room. Plants also should be kept outside of the area.
Many times, if ozone generators are used, they are used for commercial cleaning in hotels, cars, etc. Many hotels use them inside a room just before new guests arrive, which can be harmful because of any residual ozone that lingers in the air. Manufacturers of ozone generators recommend they only be used by trained professionals for odor removal, and that all other steps, like cleaning the area and removing any sources of the odor, should be done first.
Read more about a new air purifier technology that destroys ozone instead of producing it.
There are other solutions that are much safer and more effective than using an ozone generator. The initial recommended steps are also the lowest-cost solutions to improving air quality. First of all, you should always try to remove the sources of odors or pollutants as much as possible. Second, you should try ventilating the area to allow for better air circulation in your home, if possible. You may want to disregard this step if you live near a source of high-level outdoor pollution or outdoor air quality is poor.
Afterward, using an air purifier that is not an ozone generator could be a good option to try. There are different types of air purifiers out there, from mechanical filters (like HEPA) that only remove particles from the air, or gas-phase filters like carbon filters that are only designed to remove VOCs. If you would like a more complete solution for cleaning the air, you might consider the Molekule technology, which is highly effective against mold, VOCs, allergens like pollen, bacteria, and viruses. It also destroys VOCs and biological contaminants, unlike the traditional air purifiers like HEPA that simply trap particles.
Additionally, if you are especially concerned about odors, there are other, much safer ways to make your room smell fresh.
The negative aspects of ozone generators definitely outweigh any potential positive benefits, and it is best if you consider safer and more effective solutions for improving your indoor air quality. Manufacturers of ozone generators often make false claims about their devices and say they are effective at odor removal. Overall, these devices are strictly regulated by federal law and the EPA and other federal agencies like the Air Resources Board (ARB) warn about their health dangers.
In general, there is no scientific evidence that ozone generators are effective, unless they produce extremely high levels of ozone. Ultimately, there are much more efficient, safer solutions to air quality problems. You can provide a safe space with clean, fresh air for you and your family through other methods including source control, ventilation, and using other air purifier options.
Air Purifier TechnologyIndoor AirOzoneScience
Written by Sonia Easaw
Activated Carbon Air Filters: Everything You Need to Know
What Is Causing You to Have Shortness of Breath at Night?
Buying an Air Purifier: 5 Essential Features to Look For
Christmas Tree Allergies: How to Deal With Them
What Is PM 2.5 and How Can You Reduce Your Exposure?
Air Quality, Health
Where to Buy Real Molekule Replacement Filters
Testing demonstrates Molekule's air purification technology inactivates H1N1 flu virus and Coronavirus strains
Molekule Mini inactivates strains of airborne animal coronavirus and influenza
How Molekule Air Pro Destroys Viruses
Molekule 2020 Holiday Sale
A Gift Guide for the Wellness Guru
2019 Molekule, All rights reserved.
Molekule.com


With Christmas and the New Year fast approaching, it's time to consider off-season travel. It's ideal for LGBT travellers hoping to avoid the summer crush and potentially fraught Christmas shindigs. Also, there's something especially romantic about a holiday for two over the festive season.
The following deals have been listed on the TransferTravel.com marketplace this week with the preferred price listed – but buyers can make offers so prices can potentially be reduced!
TransferTravel.com offers three nights in London at £120 per person based on two sharing at the characterful Victorian Best Western Mornington Hotel opposite Hyde Park on Lancaster Gate from 23 to 26 December.
22 nights in Bangkok at £211 per person based on two sharing at the Galleria 10 Hotel (saving 69% – was £1382 for two) from 16 December 2018 to 6 January 2019.
Two return flights to Budapest for £225 per person (saving 34% was £680 for two) flying from London Gatwick on 29 December 2018.
TransferTravel.com is an eBay-style web platform for travel which helps consumers who can no longer go on pre-booked, non-refundable travel arrangements recoup some of their money.


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The National Benefit Authority
Meet The National Benefit Authority Team!
NBA Gives Back
Disability Tax Credit
CRA Form T2201
How to Apply for the Disability Tax Credit
How Much is the DTC Worth?
Disability Tax Credit Amounts by Province
CRA Disability Tax Credit Retroactive Claims
Disability Tax Credit for Seniors
Tax Benefits For Your Disability
Disability Tax Credit Calculator
What is the Child Disability Benefit
Common Medical Conditions that Qualify for the CDB
Careers with The National Benefit Authority
How to Reply to a Disability Tax Credit Approval Letter
Being approved for the Disability Tax Credit is a big deal. It brings about annual tax savings and enables a person to claim between $1,500 and $40,000 of retroactive payments. When a successful T2201 form is received, the CRA sends an approval letter to the new (or renewed) beneficiary.
It may take time to receive this letter. In fact, it can take several weeks for the CRA to review an application. Patience is a virtue in this type of situation. However, it is guaranteed that the CRA will respond to a Disability Tax Credit Certificate.
Anytime the CRA receives an application, they send a letter. In this note, an applicant is informed of his or her approved or denied status. A letter may also request additional information. In all of these responses, it is important to reply with an acceptance note, objection letter, or with the information requested. When replying to the CRA, it is valuable to know what to include.
Being Approved for the Disability Tax Credit
A Disability Tax Credit approval letter will be delivered to a beneficiary sometime after the T2201 form is received. After receiving this note, it is acceptable to include the disability amount on annual tax forms.
Also, at this time it possible to pursue back-claims. This requires additional work and proper representation. The National Benefit Authority advances these types of claims and has helped thousands of Canadians earn the full amount of money they are entitled to from government.
Not everyone who applies for the Disability Tax Credit will be approved. Those who successfully complete the T2201 form often work with Benefit Specialists. These professionals are equipped with information and understanding of the benefit program. If a person has a severe and prolonged disability that impedes daily living tasks, they are eligible to receive the tax credit. That is if he or she has a social insurance number and correct contact information.
To begin a successful application process, the first step is contacting the National Benefit Authority (NBA). These Benefit Specialists provide free one-on-one consultations to discuss individual circumstances and restrictions. The NBA takes people with disabilities through the process of receiving the Disability Tax Credit.
After an approval letter is received, the NBA takes people a step further by pursuing retroactive claims. They can provide assistance in responding to the CRA in ways that are most effective.
The National Benefit Authority can be reached at 1888-389-0080 or by filling out this online form: http://www.thenba.ca/free-consultation/.
Family Caregivers Can Qualify for Canadian Tax Credits and Deductions
Woman wins court case over CRA's disability tax credit rejection
What You Need to Know About Ontario's Social Assistance Reforms
Autism Speaks Canada's Sensitive Santa is Coming to Town
Canada Revenue Agency's fix for call centre complaints delayed again
For opt-in please check your email (spam folder) to confirm your subscription to receive e-updates.
We specialize in all the processes involved with the Disability Tax Credit (DTC) applications...
How do I get the money? How does it come to me?
The Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) will generally deposit the funds directly into your bank account...
Are there any restrictions on how the money can be spent?
No. The government wants Canadians living with disabilities to enjoy a similar lifestyle to those...
I don't earn any income, do I qualify?
Of course. Our Benefit Specialists can obtain large...
Read More FAQ's
Disability Blog
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© 2008 - 2018 The National Benefit Authority Corporation - All Rights Reserved.
Specialists Are Standing By

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: Предзагрузка звуков из ресурсов в главной активити Структура приложения выглядит примерно так:
Главное активити -> настройки -> игра.
При открытии "игры" сразу должен проиграться звук.
Все файлы звуков в папке assets/Sounds.
Загружаю/играю звук так:
int SoundStart = loadSound("Sounds/start.wav");
playSound(SoundStart);

    private int loadSound(String fileName) {
        AssetFileDescriptor afd = null;
        try {
            afd = mAssetManager.openFd(fileName);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            //Toast.makeText(this, "Не могу загрузить файл " + fileName,
            //        Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            return -1;
        }
        return mSoundPool.load(afd, 1);
    }

    private void playSound(int sound) {
        if (sound > 0)
            mSoundPool.play(sound, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1);
    }

Проблема в том, что в игре несколько десятков разных звуков и, если их загружать при запуске активити "игра", то звук старта не проигрывается, он просто не успевает подгрузиться. Приходится делать задержку по таймеру на пару секунд, тогда играет. Но это же костыль. А если делаю загрузку файлов в "главной" активити с отображением прогресс-бара, то эти ресурсы не видятся в "игре".
Вопрос: как правильно загрузить звуки в "главной" активити и сделать, чтоб они проигрывались в "игре".

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I promised a blog about the fashion elite and what do we have? Their opinions on what it means to achieve success. While my definition of success would be uncovering a vintage Louis Vuitton or Goyard trunk to load up with yummies (or, you know, remembering a night after frequenting the downtown clubs), it's still très intéressant to see what these gorgeous creatures come up with.
Purr away my pretties, I shall return before you know it..


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Q: How to read and open a .pem file in React Native Hey I'm trying to open the file explorer and choose only .pem files from the device, and then get the string of the .pem content.

A: This is how to do it:

import { Platform } from 'react-native';
import DocumentPicker from 'react-native-document-picker';
import { FileSystem } from 'react-native-file-access';
...

const openFile = () => {
      const type = Platform.OS === 'ios'
        ? 'public.x509-certificate'
        : ['.pem', 'application/x-pem-file'];
      const res = await DocumentPicker.pickSingle({ type });

      const stringifyPEM = await FileSystem.readFile(res.uri);
    }


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Fuchsia campii es una especie de arbusto perteneciente a la familia Onagraceae.

Distribución y hábitat
Es originaria del sur de los Andes en Ecuador (Provincia de Azuay y Provincia de Loja). Su hábitat natural son las laderas de montañas húmedas y lluviosas, a una altitud de 2,300 - 3,500 metros) en las zonas forestales situadas en medio de praderas, a veces se le ha visto crecer junto a los arroyos y caminos.

Una población de F. campii está protegida dentro del Parque nacional Podocarpus y otra igualmente protegida en el Parque nacional Cajas.

Taxonomía
Fuchsia campii fue descrita por Paul Edward Berry y publicado en Novon 5(4): 318–320, f. 1 a–f. 1995.
Etimología

Fuchsia: nombre genérico descrito por primera vez por Charles Plumier a finales del siglo XVII, y nombrada en honor del botánico alemán, Leonhart Fuchs (1501-1566).

campii: epíteto

Referencias

Enlaces externos

campii
Flora de Sudamérica occidental
Flora de América del Sur continental
Plantas descritas en 1995

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Miss Molly and Friends Pin Cushion Trio Meet Miss Molly and her friends, a gorgeous trio of cute pincushions designed to delight and inspire.
Featuring two sweet doll face designs and an adorable kitten.
Use your favourite shades of wool felt to hand stitch and embroider the beautiful details. Miss Molly and her friends are simple and fun to make. You will certainly want to make more than one.
FINISHED SIZE: Each pincushion measures approximately 3 1/8″ (8cm) across and approximately 2″ (5cm) high (not including plaits or kitten ears).
We have just ordered lots of lovely colours in wool felt.


SECAUCUS - An exciting day for video-game players participating in a major tournament at a Secaucus hotel turned into disappointment as parts of the hotel were closed because of multiple fire code violations, according to the Secaucus fire officials and the tournament's organizers.
Apex 2015, which is being called the largest Smash Bros. Melee tournament in history, was to be a three-day event at the Clarion Empire Hotel, but more than 1,000 gamers were turned away at 9 a.m. this morning -- before a single game was played.
Tournament volunteer Chris Bergamo, 27, said a fire alarm went off this morning when tournament play was ready to begin, triggering an evacuation. Secaucus firefighters arrived and while investigating the fire alarm -- which turned out to be a false alarm -- they found that fire code violations existed.
Secaucus Mayor Mike Gonnelli, who is also a volunteer firefighter, said multiple vehicles were park in the fire lanes in front of the hotel; and also that the hotel failed to take out a special permit that's required for any event in which more than 500 people attend.
Gonnelli also confirmed that the fire code and permit violations were discovered when fire marshals were investigating a fire alarm going off at the hotel.
"That's how we stumbled into this," he said.
Management officials at the hotel could not be reached for comment about this event.
Apex 2015 organizers, who could not be reached, said in Twitter posts that the tournament would begin tomorrow at the Garden State Convention Center in Somerset.
Apex 2015 includes tournament play for Super Smash Bros. (N64), Super Smash Bros. Melee, Super Smash Bros. Brawl, Super Smash Bros. for WiiU, Pokemon Omega Ruby & Alpha Sapphire VGC, Ultra Street Fighter 4 (Xbox 360), Ultimate Marvel Vs Capcom 3 (Xbox360), Killer Instinct (Xbox One) and Guilty Gear Xrd (PS3).
Matt Layous, a 17-year-old gamer from Lexington, Mass., players from all over the world gather to compete in tournaments like Apex 2015, which was expected to draw between 1,000 and 2,000 people.
Matthew Gilland, a 28-year-old tournament participant from Salisbury, Md., said he was disappointed by the morning's events.
"It was supposed to be the largest event ever for the Super Smash Brothers (community)," he said. "It's a terrible thing. I don't know how we're going to recover from this."
Even before the organizers secured the Somerset location, Bergamo was confident the tournament would go on.
"It's unfortunate, but as a community, we'll pull through," Bergamo said. "Apex will go on somehow, some way."
Gilland said that he has been playing the Super Smash Brothers game competitively for 10 years.
"It's fun to play, get better, and meet people," he said.
The 17-year-old Layous said that he has played Super Smash Brothers since he was 9, but that he got into playing this competitively after seeing a YouTube video of one of the final rounds of a previous Apex tournament this past summer.
"I was like 'wow, that's really cool'", he said.


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'Check please!' Californians to fight 'global warming' with restaurant surcharge
Participating restaurants will add a 1 percent surcharge to their bills, with that money going into a fund aimed at helping farmers remove carbon from the atmosphere and adopt climate-friendly practices. The payoff for restaurants could come from increased business. They'll be able to market themselves as "zero carbon," which can appeal to customers looking for a good meal with a smaller environmental footprint.
By: Marc Morano - Climate DepotMay 1, 2019 9:58 AM
https://www.mercedsunstar.com/news/state/california/article229871664.html
BY ANDREW SHEELER
A new state program gives Californians a way to fight climate change, one restaurant meal at a time.
"Restore California" is a public-private partnership between the California Department of Food and Agriculture, the California Air Resources Board, and farms, ranches and restaurants across the state, according to a news release from the government agencies.
Participating restaurants will add a 1 percent surcharge to their bills, with that money going into a fund aimed at helping farmers remove carbon from the atmosphere and adopt climate-friendly practices.
The payoff for restaurants could come from increased business. They'll be able to market themselves as "zero carbon," which can appeal to customers looking for a good meal with a smaller environmental footprint.
The program links the state agencies with the Perennial Farming Initiative, a Bay Area nonprofit organization created by veterans of San Francisco restaurants. It promotes low-carbon farming and healthy soils.
"We're excited to be working with CARB and CDFA on a program that will engage chefs, producers, and diners across the state in a transition to a renewable economy that is not only resilient and renewable, but also delicious, healthy, and prosperous." Said Karen Leibowitz and Anthony Myint of The Perennial Farming Initiative.
California has already witnessed the devastating effects of global warming, perhaps most visibly in the form of increasingly destructive and record-breaking wildfires.
The Air Resources Board is known for its rules that have compelled automakers to build cleaner cars. It regulates the state's $50 billion agriculture industry, too, through a number of policies, including the cap-and-trade program and efforts to reduce methane produced by cows on California dairies.
The agriculture department also promotes programs that can help farms take carbon out of the atmosphere, such as its healthy soils grants.
"Farmers and ranchers have long been at the forefront of the battle against climate change," Agriculture Secretary Karen Ross said in a statement announcing the partnership. "This partnership is an opportunity for eaters and buyers to share in land-based solutions."
Filed under: agricultural, astrology, funding, wacky


Mention stroke and you might think of physical side effects like paralysis or muscle weakness. Or there are cognitive issues that make it difficult to speak. There are other side effects—cognitive in particular—that are possible, too.
A common cognitive post-stroke side effect is called pseudobulbar affect, or PBA for short. It's a brain disorder that causes uncontrollable crying or laughing. These unintended emotional outbursts can be extremely embarrassing for everyone involved. Here's what you should know.
Often people who observe stroke victims with PBA think that there's some exaggeration going on. The responses seem inappropriate. One thing's for sure: the response does not represent this person's true feelings.
Unfortunately, someone with PBA might cry when hearing good news. Or they may suddenly burst into a sobbing fit while they are laughing. Something only mildly sad can cause them to become hysterical.
Even more alarming, someone with PBA can have these spontaneous emotional outbursts without any trigger at all. And perhaps most troubling of all is that these episodes can happen up to 100 or so times daily.
The unpredictable nature of PBA can be embarrassing for those who have the condition, as well as those who care for them. Many older adults experiencing PBA simply become unwilling to be around other people.
Although more than half of all stroke survivors report having PBA symptoms, less than 20% of them know the cause. In most cases, they've never even heard of the condition. Life for them becomes frustrating and sometimes devastating because they have no idea why this behavior is happening to them.
The condition occurs when a stroke damages areas of the brain controlling how emotion is expressed. The damage short circuits brain signals, causing involuntary episodes of laughing or crying. And, since it's a short signal, the laughing or crying is usually highly exaggerated.
Although stroke is the likely cause of PBA, it's also a side effect caused by other neurological disorders—including dementia, and Parkinson's disease.
PBA causes uncontrollable crying, so it's often mistaken for depression—and this is a condition that many seniors experience. As a result, PBA might be misdiagnosed. Both PBA and depression are conditions that can last for extended periods of time, so it's important to make sure a correct diagnosis is determined.
There are specific medications to treat PBA, but a medical professional also may prescribe an anti-depressant. Both can help to suppress the involuntary emotional outbursts, but it may not be possible to stop them completely.


Cookware : Pots To Use On Induction Cooktop Magnetic Induction Stove Induction Pans Dishwasher Safe Stainless Steel Cookware. Induction Cookware Set. Stainless Steel Cookware Sets Reviews. Best Pans For Halogen Hob. Induction Cookware Deals.
By B15MiLl4hcodingcolor. Cookware. At Friday, October 19th 2018, 10:36:10 AM.


I am all for bowling as a fun way to spend an evening, especially with gambling afterwards, because that is how I earn my paycheck. But at the same time, I am firmly of the opinion that when you come bowling, you should leave your ukelele at home.
Did they at least put them down when they bowled? Or were they the entertainment?
Did any of them play the Gilligan's Island theme?
they put them down to bowl. :) i heard one of the girls say that they had to rehearse but i was on my way out to the bathroom, so i didn't stay to listen. the owner got a kick out of it when i told her about it though. *snickers* i dunno, i've been there eight years and seen a lot of crap, but this is the first time i've seen ukeleles.


0 A.D was released under the LGPL license some time ago, and it's definitely the BEST "Open Source" RTS available (both technically and visually).
Build instructions can be found right here .
I built it (under Linux) without any headaches in 20 minutes or so on my Core Duo @ 1,8ghz (2mb L2 cache) ... (totally impressed ... lol).


Sorry, he is not 100% accurate on all his points.
All you fans would find something to complain about no matter who was coach!!!
Its a proven fact year after year since 2007.
why not just move away from bench?
Easy fix;; I have great seats and do not see or hear anything from Billy.
Great entertainment and great night out!!
The roof not falling at the Meridian Centre.
Wow!! That is one of the most ridiculous statement I ever heard.
Not sure what games you were watching but all of our NHL drafted players gave it there all.
Why did you delete your response Fishfan??
Generals are chirping all game..
How about Saigeon chirping at Dhillon after his miscue.
Or Gross constantly chirping to everyone.
Do any of you guys know what is being said on the ice to Brassard by his ex fellow teammates during that game??
NO,..So I'll leave it at that!!
Well, look who has been pretty quiet here!!!!!
Dogs grabbed Josh Rosenzweig, the number two ranked goalie in the sixth round, 119 overall!!
Gaudrea, top ranked goalie, went 7th overall to Sarnia.
Does anyone know if the Icedogs practices are open to the public?
I would really like to know if Thomas and Sopa got hurt last night.
Come on BB, Jones is a centreman not winger!!
Blacksox and I were pleading for Daniel Walker at deadline.
Almost everyone on this board said no way because Dogs dont need someone like Maksimov and his foolish penalties.
He looks out of place/sync on the wing.
Please Billy Burke wake up,, he is a natural centreman!
What game were you guys watching??
Dhillon gave up one bad goal.
I do not believe Tyler Boston.
Name surfacing around, is Zach Wilkie.


text:
Conor McDermott turns down NFL draft, returns…
Conor McDermott turns down NFL draft, returns to UCLA
By Jack Wang | jwang@scng.com | Daily News
PUBLISHED: January 5, 2016 at 11:09 p.m. | UPDATED: August 28, 2017 at 6:31 a.m.
UCLA left tackle Conor McDermott will return for his senior year, giving the program a bit of good news after a bumpy start to the new year.
The Bruins had already lost three players to the NFL draft last week, with nose tackle Kenny Clark, running back Paul Perkins, and right tackle Caleb Benenoch each announcing their intentions to go pro. Several weeks ago, offensive guard Alex Redmond signed with an agent after being declared academically ineligible for the Foster Farms Bowl.
Toss in the departure of center Jake Brendel — who started a school-record 52 games — as well as all-time receptions leader Jordan Payton, and UCLA was facing more offseason turnover than ever before under fourth-year coach Jim Mora.
By announcing on Tuesday night his decision to come back to school, McDermott helped stop the bleeding.
The 23-year-old had said in August that the prospect of going to the NFL was one that lingered in the back of his mind. His continued presence will help protect quarterback Josh Rosen, who was only sacked 14 times as a freshman.
Kenny Lacy is the only other returning Bruin who began the 2015 season as a starting offensive lineman. The team will also return offensive tackle Kolton Miller, who started five games, and soon-to-be redshirt junior Scott Quessenberr, who started 19 games before sitting out this past fall to recover from shoulder surgeries.
Jack Wang | reporter
Jack Wang covers the Chargers, the latest NFL team to relocate to Los Angeles. He previously covered the Rams, and also spent four years on the UCLA beat, a strange period in which the Bruins' football program often outpaced their basketball team. He is a proud graduate of UC Berkeley, where he spent most of his time in The Daily Californian offices in Eshleman Hall — a building that did not become earthquake-safe until after his time on campus.
jwang@scng.com
Follow Jack Wang @thejackwang


text:
Why Sri Lankan children in north drop out
(Amantha Perera/IRIN)
Sri Lankan authorities have expressed concern over an increasing number of reports that children are dropping out of school in the conflict-affected north, where economic pressure and poor prospects are creating conditions that could have negative consequences for the future development of the region.
Most of the dropouts are from poor families who find it difficult to make ends meet as humanitarian assistance dries up almost five years after decades of civil war ended. This situation is being aggravated by an acute lack of job opportunities and a rising cost of living. "It's a vicious cycle," said Sivalingam Sathyaseelan, Secretary to the provincial Ministry of Education.
"The main reason is the lack of jobs. There is no money in these families, and they need everybody that can work, to work," Sathyaseelan told IRIN. "They are able-bodied and can find odd jobs or agricultural work more easily," so there is growing pressure on children in their early teens, mostly at secondary school level, to leave the classroom.
The top public official in Kilinochchi District, Rupavathi Keetheswaran, the government agent, agreed. She described the situation for the estimated 40,000 households in the north that are headed by women, or those families with disabled members, as particularly dire, saying, "Sometimes the children don't have any option but to work. There is no one else to make money for the family."
According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), these children generally find work doing temporary or manual jobs such as unskilled labourers in construction projects or on farms. "Sometimes the kids would just wander [around] 'til they find odd jobs," said Ramalingam Sivaparasgam, the ILO national project coordinator, who noted that some children work for as little as US$1.25 per day.
Lack of data
A study released in January by the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF), analyzing out-of-school children in four countries - Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka - says the island nation has close to universal participation in primary and lower secondary schooling, with just 0.07 percent of all primary and lower-secondary school-aged children not in school.
However, the data did not cover the districts of Jaffna, Mannar, Kilinochchi, Mullaitivu and Vavuniya, which comprise Northern Province, where the final days of conflict were fought out. "It is important to remember that the Sri Lankan data excludes five districts in the North where conflict took place, and rates of school exclusion are known to be higher than average," the report points out.
Children living in the conflict-affected northern and eastern areas of the country have lower school participation than the national average, particularly in lower-secondary education, the report conceded, with child labour cited one reason for dropouts.
Older children and young adults were motivated to drop out because jobs commensurate with high school or university graduation levels were very hard to find. "They have to settle for manual labour jobs if they remain in the region, so why not take them [out of school] now?" said Sathyaseelan, the top provincial education official.
This is particularly true in the more remote, interior areas of the region, where facilities and job opportunities are often nonexistent, and little investment is taking place. "There are no private enterprises, [and] very few government offices in the villages. The only thing that is there, is construction of houses or farm work," government agent Keetheswaran confirmed.
Amantha Perera/IRIN
Youth who excel in their higher studies, still find it hard to gain employment due to lack of jobs in Sri Lanka's former conflict zone...
http://www.irinnews.org/photo/
Photo: Amantha Perera/IRIN
Will he drop out?
One girl's story
Ramadhas, a father of two girls, returned to the Visvamadhu area of Mullaitivu District in mid 2010, but was forced to take his oldest daughter out of school when he was no longer able to provide for his family with the meagre money he earned from his small vegetable garden.
"About a year after we returned, we had hardly any money, but there was a good market for scrap metal that could be collected. She skipped classes and came with me to collect metal," he said.
The father and daughter team earned just over $2 for every kilogram of scrap they collected, much of it left over from the war. But since then the scrap metal market has become less lucrative. His daughter, now 14, has started doing odd jobs instead and he doesn't know whether she will ever return to school to complete her education.
Although he doesn't want his other daughter to leave school, the prospects don't look good. "I have given up farming. Now I also work as a labourer, and the family income depends on what she makes," he said.
According to ILO, the longer a child stays away from the classroom, the harder it is for them to catch up. "There are no night classes or extra classes for such dropouts right now. Without such assistance they find it extremely difficult to rejoin their studies," Sivaparasgam said.
But without targeted programmes to identify drop-outs and help them, there is also no effective way of persuading them to return to school. "More so when money is very hard to come by for families," he said.
ap/ds/he


text:
The dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF 38393 suppresses detrusor hyperreflexia in the monkey with parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)
Neuropharmacology. 1993 Apr;32(4):315-21. doi: 10.1016/0028-3908(93)90151-r.
N Yoshimura 1 , E Mizuta, S Kuno, M Sasa, O Yoshida
1 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
DOI: 10.1016/0028-3908(93)90151-r
A pharmacological study using monkeys, in which parkinsonism was induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism underlying urinary bladder dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease. Under ketamine anesthesia, cystometrograms showed that, in MPTP-treated monkeys, a contraction of the urinary bladder was induced with smaller bladder volume than that in normal monkeys. In MPTP-treated monkeys, subcutaneously injected SKF 38393, a dopamine D1 receptor agonist, significantly increased the bladder volume and pressure thresholds for inducing the micturition reflex without affecting those in normal monkeys. In contrast, subcutaneous injections of quinpirole, a dopamine D2 receptor agonist, and apomorphine, a dopamine D1 and D2 receptor agonist, slightly, but significantly reduced the volume threshold of the bladder for the micturition reflex in both normal and MPTP-treated groups. These results indicate that, in parkinsonism, the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra leads to the detrusor hyperreflexia, probably due to a failure of activation of dopamine D1 receptors.
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine / analogs & derivatives*
2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine / pharmacology*
Apomorphine / pharmacology
Dopamine Agents* / pharmacology
Ergolines / pharmacology
Macaca fascicularis
Parkinson Disease, Secondary / chemically induced
Parkinson Disease, Secondary / physiopathology*
Quinpirole
Reflex / drug effects*
Urinary Bladder / drug effects
Urinary Bladder / innervation*
Urinary Bladder / pathology
Urination / drug effects
Dopamine Agents
Ergolines
1-methyl-4-(2'-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine


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Peng L, Fukao Y, Myouga F, Motohashi R, Shinozaki K, Shikanai T (2011) A Chaperonin Subunit with Unique Structures Is Essential for Folding of a Specific Substrate. Specifically, Concerns were raised for several figures in this article, including panels of Figs 2C, bph doxazosin 4F, 4G and 5B. Vertical discontinuities were detected in several panels in the figure, supporting doxazosin dosage for prostate that the image was selectively enhanced or otherwise manipulated in these areas.
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Vertical discontinuities were detected in several panels in the lower regions of lanes 1 and 5 in Fig 2B, which suggest that rectangular portions of the article, given that original files were not available for assessment in a number of instances and the integrity issues surrounding the preparation of Fig 2B,. Peng L, Fukao Y, Myouga F, Motohashi R, Shinozaki K, Shikanai T (2011) A Chaperonin Subunit with Unique Structures Is Essential for Folding of a Specific buy doxazosin online cheap Substrate. The underlying data and updated figures provided by the corresponding author. The PLOS Biology Editors remain concerned about the integrity with which the data were reported in the published article. The authors have provided data from replicate experiments in the supporting data and updated figures provided by the corresponding author.
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Periodontal disease (also called periodontitis and gum disease) has been linked to respiratory disease through recent research studies. Researchers have concluded that periodontal disease can worsen conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may actually play a causal role in the contraction of pneumonia, bronchitis and emphysema.
Periodontal disease is a progressive condition which generally begins with a bacterial infection. The bacteria found in plaque begin to colonize in gingival tissue, causing an inflammatory response in which the body destroys both gum and bone tissue. The sufferer may notice the teeth "lengthening" as the gums recede while the disease progresses. If left untreated, erosion of the bone tissue brings about a less stable base for the teeth, meaning loose, shifting or complete tooth loss.
There are a number of different respiratory diseases linked to periodontal disease. Pneumonia, COPD, and bronchitis are among the most common. Generally, bacterial respiratory infections occur due to the inhalation of fine droplets from the mouth into the lungs. COPD is a leading cause of death and should be taken very seriously.
The fact that respiratory disease and periodontal disease are linked may seem far-fetched, but there is plenty of evidence to support it.
Bacterial spread – The specific type of oral bacterium that causes periodontal disease can easily be drawn into the lower respiratory tract. Once the bacteria colonize in the lungs, it can cause pneumonia and exacerbate serious conditions such as COPD.
Low immunity – It has been well-documented that most people who experience chronic or persistent respiratory problems suffer from low immunity. This low immunity allows oral bacteria to embed itself above and below the gum line without being challenged by the body's immune system. Not only does this accelerate the progression of periodontal disease, it also puts the sufferer at increased risk of developing emphysema, pneumonia and COPD.
Modifiable factors – Smoking is thought to be the leading cause of COPD and other chronic respiratory conditions. Tobacco use also damages the gingiva and compromises the good health of the oral cavity in its entirety. Tobacco use slows the healing process, causes gum pockets to grow deeper and also accelerates attachment loss. Smoking is not the sole cause of periodontal disease, but it is certainly a cofactor to avoid.
Inflammation – Periodontal disease causes the inflammation and irritation of oral tissue. It is possible that the oral bacteria causing the irritation could contribute to inflammation of the lung lining, thus limiting the amount of air that can freely pass to and from the lungs.
When respiratory disease and periodontal disease are both diagnosed in one individual, it is important for the dentist and doctor to function as a team to control both conditions. There are many non-surgical and surgical options available, depending on the specific condition of the teeth, gums and jaw.
The dentist is able to assess the extent of the inflammation and tissue loss and can treat the bacterial infection easily. Scaling procedures cleanse the pockets of debris and root planing smoothes the tooth root to eliminate any remaining bacteria. The dentist generally places antibiotics into the pockets after cleaning to promote good healing and reduce the risk of the infection returning.
Whichever treatment is deemed the most suitable, the benefits of controlling periodontal disease are two-fold. Firstly, any discomfort in the oral region will be reduced and the gums will be much healthier. Secondly, the frequent, unpleasant respiratory infections associated with COPD and other common respiratory problems will reduce in number.
If you have questions or concerns about respiratory disease or periodontal disease, please ask your dentist.


Label Analytics has a new unique tool for wineries already in the wholesale market, or those just jumping on the bandwagon when it comes to distribution. Many wineries find it difficult to break into the three–tier system and gain any traction when a preponderance of the wines on the shelf are owned by large operations. The consumer may not even realize that many of the wines they see on the shelf, with very disparate labels and price points, may belong to the same entity. Many, if not most of those, are the wines that carry the spaces on the shelf; i.e. those that sell.
"Trade buyers know what does and doesn't make it to the shelf. We [Label Analytics] test shopper responses to bottles. We have shopper sheets. We give the winery this information so they can engage the trade buyers, who are motivated to sell. It's all about first impression visuals," Says John Lawlor, CEO and co-founder of Label Analytics.
Label Analytics' Wine Shopper Data Sheets are trying to level the playing field for wineries seeking to join the fray. Under the current system, a winery must use their distributor's sales force to convince the retailers that their wine will make that retailer money taking up precious shelf space. For the retailer, that can require a 6 to 9 month process, in which they could see diminishing returns, at which point they may drop the wine or label entirely. This constitutes a loss for all parties: the winery who has now produced wine they cannot sell, the distributor who took a chance on them, and the retailer who bumped another wine to give up the space.
When hired to produce a Shopper Data Sheet Deck, Label Analytics sets up a study using a minimum of 500 consumer shoppers. Featuring proprietary algorithms and offering actual consumer testing for each product, the data is statistically significant. A client winery's wine (or wines) is secreted within a slate of 81 wines, divided into panels of 9 per page. Consumers see each of the nine pages of nine wines each, and rank the wine on five key sales indicators. They have no idea who the client winery may be, and are answering purely on personal preference.
Results of the survey are broken down into panels, which the client can use to asses probable success in the market, equating her wine to other comparable wine varietals falling at a certain price point. The individual demographic analysis feature breaks down by gender, age group, price point, etc. Label Analytics reports that their system ranks products on: Shelf Attention, Memorability, Price Impression, and Purchase Interest vs. competitive brands, and that their analysis shows an estimated 80% of consumers choose a new brand based on the label.
When compiled and presented on the Wine Shopper Data Sheet, the brands performance against the competitive set is clearly displayed, and the winery can share the deck with retail wine buyers or with their distributor's wholesale reps, who can then use it to make the case for the wine in meetings with trade buyers.
Armed with knowledge gained, a winery can either make the plunge into the wholesale realm, or reconsider. Finishes Lawlor, "Our objective for wineries: Sell more wine with shopper confidence. Building a brand in the wholesale market takes engagement. If your wine isn't competitive on the shelf to customers, you are not going to make a good living." Using shopper data has not been the norm in the wine industry, but this product and other emerging offerings out on the market may be the start of a new trend. One to watch.


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